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STATE OF NEW YORK.
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL
RECORD
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
DURING THE CENTURY FROM 1784 TO 1884.
BY
FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, M. D., PH. D.
WITH
AN INTRODUCTORY SKETCH
BY
DAVID MURRAY, PH. D., LL. D.,
SLCRETARY OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE.
ALBANY:
WEED, PARSONS & COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1885.
STATE OF NEW YORK.
33398-
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL
RECORD
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
DURING THE CENTURY FROM 1784 TO 1884.
BY
FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, M. D., PH. D.
=
WITH
AN INTRODUCTORY SKETCH
BY
DAVID MURRAY, PH. D., LL. D.,
SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATURE.
ALBANY :
WEED, PARSONS & COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1885.
!
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK...
5
CHAPTER I.
ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
39
CHAPTER II.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS..
64
CHAPTER III.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS..
rry
CHAPTER IV.
LITERATURE FUNDS..
80
CHAPTER V.
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
93
CHAPTER VI.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES
•
. 102
CHAPTER VII.
HISTORY OF PARTICULAR COLLEGES..
118
:
CHAPTER VIII.
COLLEGE PLANS PROPOSED BUT NOT PUT IN OPERATION; EXCEPTIONAL PLANS
OF COLLEGES; EXTRA LIMITAL COLLEGES; THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.. 351
CHAPTER IX.
SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
•
CHAPTER X.
366
RULES ADOPTED BY THE REGENTS FOR THE INCORPORATION OF ACADEMIES.. 409
iv
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI.
PAGE.
DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, RESOURCES AND
EXPENSES OF THE ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK NEAR THE
BEGINNING OF THE PRESENT CENTURY
..
UNION FREE SCHOOLS
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
STATE TAX FOR ACADEMIES AND UNION DEPARTMENTS OF DISTRICT SCHOOLS –
THE QUESTION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS....
412
422
424
CHAPTER XIV.
LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS - SELECT SCHOOLS.
426
CHAPTER XV.
MILITARY INSTRUCTION IN ACADEMIES....
433
CHAPTER XVI.
OBSOLETE FORMS OF ACADEMIC ORGANIZATION
438
CHAPTER XVII.
ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS IN COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES ALUMNI TRUSTEES... 443
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE RULES THAT HAVE GOVERNED IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INCOME OF
THE LITERATURE FUNDS..
CHAPTER XIX.
WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS IN ACADEMIES.
CHAPTER XX.
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS UPON THE BASIS OF
ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS ALLOWED UNDER THEIR RULES TO PARTICI-
PATE IN THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS...
CHAPTER XXI.
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND OPERATION OF THE ACADEMIES OF NEW YORK
REPORTING TO THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.
{
CHAPTER XXII.
STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE AT ACADEMIES..
444
456
459
•
494
501
CHAPTER XXIII.
TEACHERS, TEACHING, ATTENDANCE, ETC.....
504
CONTENTS,
CHAPTER XXIV.
TEXT-BOOKS USED IN ACADEMIES..
PAGE.
507
CHAPTER XXV.
THE PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS ACADEMIC LIBRARIES.
\.. 512
CHAPTER XXVI.
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE ACADEMIES OF NEW
YORK...
CHAPTER XXVII.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.....
CHAPTER XXVIII.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
CHAPTER XXIX.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY..
CHAPTER XXX.
VERIFICATION AND MARKING OF STATE BOUNDARY LINES………………..
CHAPTER XXXI.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS....
CHAPTER XXXII.
526
574
733
7
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS; INDIAN HISTORY; COMMEMO-
RATIVE PROCEEDINGS....
CHAPTER XXXIII.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY FROM 1784 TO 1884, INCLU-
SIVE, INCLUDING THOSE WHO HELD THE OFFICE ex-officio, AS WELL AS
THOSE ELECTED BY THE LEGISLATURE
•
CHAPTER XXXIV.
UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK...
743
760
766
776
7782
789
CHAPTER XXXV.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY.
835
CHAPTER XXXVI.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES..
842
PREFACE.
The compilation of this volume was undertaken in connection
with the celebration, in 1884, of the centennial anniversary of the
establishment of the University of the State of New York. It was
designed to comprise a full record of the educational work of the
Board of Regents, and of the several institutions and trusts which
by law had been placed in its care. The execution of this task was
intrusted to Dr. Franklin B. Hough, who by natural taste, by his
long experience in such investigations, and his familiarity with the
sources of information to be explored, was possessed of all the quali-
fications for its successful accomplishment. Amid the sorrow with
which we make record of his death,* we must note it as a fortunate
circumstance that his labors on this volume were substantially com-
pleted before he was attacked by the fatal illness which ended his
life. The little that remained to be done, in the adjustment of por-
tions of the prepared material, and in the correction of the proofs,
has been done by the hands of those whom he had trained to such
tasks. And though there is little need for such apology, I am
charged by those upon whom this work was so sadly devolved to ask
for it such consideration as may be due to the fact that a part of it
lacked the critical revision of him who had planned and written it.
To those who desire to investigate the early history of education
in this State, and trace the broad stream to its small beginnings,
the present compilation, drawn from original and authentic sources,
must always possess a special interest and value.
The period covered by this record begins with the year following
the close of the revolutionary war, when the Legislature, adopting
the courageous and inspiring counsels of Governor George Clinton,
took the first steps toward the "revival and encouragement of semi-
naries of learning." During this period New York has done much
to justify for herself the title of the Empire State. In population,
* Dr. Hough died at Lowville, N. Y., June 11, 1885.
viii
PREFACE.
in wealth, in all the wealth-producing industries, in commerce, in her
great cities, in her lines of transportation, in her public works, in
her contributions to the establishment and maintenance of the Union,
she stands pre-eminent. But her best title to greatness lies in none
of these evidences of political power or commercial superiority. Her
chief glory and her chief assurance of continued prosperity are found
in the system of education which she has established,- a system which
compasses in its beneficent folds her entire population, a system
which comprises her colleges of arts with 378 professors and 4,165
under-graduate students, with endowments aggregating $22,812,835;
her professional colleges of medicine, law and science with 374 pro-
fessors and 7,252 students; her academies and high schools with
1,400 teachers and 34,162 scholars, and expending an annual reve-
nue of $1,359,945; her State Normal Schools with 120 instructors
and 2,393 students; her classes in academies for training teachers
with their 1,616 pupil-teachers; her teachers' institutes and city
training classes; and last and greatest of all, her 11,921 public
schools free to every child of the State, employing 21,411 teachers,
and instructing 1,000,057 children, at a total cost of $11,834,911.
The inception of this system was largely the work of the great men
whose names appear in the long list of the Board of Regents. To
its care the State has committed its institutions for higher education,
and through it has distributed the funds which she has given for
their aid. The history and statistics of these institutions as given
in the following pages are creditable alike to the great State whose
liberality and protection have made them possible, and to the board
which for a hundred years has rendered to the State its unpaid ser-
vice of supervision and visitation.
ALBANY, August 1, 1885.
D. M.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
THE STATE OF NEW YORK.*
By DAVID MURRAY, Ph. D., LL. D, Secretary.
1. The Board of Regents.
The University of the State of New York is an organization in-
cluding all the incorporated colleges of the State, together with the
incorporated academies and the academical departments of public
schools. The governing body of this University is a Board of
Regents, composed in part of State officers, who are Regents, ex
officio, and in part of members elected by the Legislature. Their
functions are those of supervision and inspection, and not of in-
struction. The original theory of the corporation was that of an
English University, composed of separate and independent colleges,
established not necessarily in the same locality, but distributed
through the State, as circumstances might call for them. Certain
parts of this original plan proved impracticable, and changes, some
of them radical, were introduced by subsequent legislation.
The original act creating the University was passed by the Legis-
lature, May 1, 1784, at its very first session after the close of the
Revolutionary War. It was in response to a very strong appeal from
Governor George Clinton, in his annual message. It is entitled "An
Act for granting certain privileges to the college heretofore called
King's College, for altering the name and charter thereof, and erect-
ing an University within this State." King's College had been
broken up by the war, its property had been sacrificed, many vacan-
cies existed in its corporation, and legislative intervention had become
necessary to effect a reorganization. By this act the corporate rights
of King's College were vested in a new corporation thereby created
and termed “The Regents of the University of the State of New
York." The principal State officers were made ex-officio Regents;
twenty-four others, men of the highest character and distinction,
were named in the act, and it was provided that "the clergy of the
respective denominations might meet together and appoint one of
Reprinted by permission from the "Public Service of the State of New York,” with
additions, bringing it down to 1884.
*
6
CO
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
their body to be a Regent," and keep his place filled. The Fellows,
Professors and Tutors of any college were also empowered to act as
Regents in respect to their own college. The Regents were em-
powered from time to time to establish such additional colleges as
they might think proper, such colleges to be considered as parts of
the State University and to be under the control of the Regents.
Experience, however, very soon showed that a body constituted,
like this Board, of men residing in different localities and engaged
in engrossing occupations, could not be assembled for business except
on very urgent occasions. An enlargement of the number and a
limitation as to a quorum were found necessary. Hence, on the
26th of November, 1784, the act previously passed was amended, by
adding to the Regents named in the preceding act thirty-three others
therein named, and providing that a legal quorum for the transaction
of business should be eight besides the Chancellor. The Board was
organized by the election of Governor George Clinton, Chancellor,
Pierre Van Cortlandt, Vice-Chancellor, and Robert Harpur, Sec-
retary. Its meetings were chiefly held in the Assembly Chamber in
New York city, but sometimes at the Exchange, and sometimes at
the house of one "John Simmons, innkeeper." Its chief business,
during this period, was the government of Columbia College, which,
up to 1795, constituted the only college of the University.
The Board created by these two acts proved a cumbrous body.
Its members were so numerous (sixty-four, exclusive of clerical repre-
sentatives) and so widely scattered, that full meetings could not be
obtained. Its powers extended to the financial as well as the educa-
tional control of the colleges, and already Columbia College felt the
inconvenience of having its finances administered by a body so little
identified with its interests. The movement for a reform began in
the Board itself. A committee was appointed to consider the defects
of the organization and submit to the Legislature a revised form of
a law. Alexander Hamilton and Ezra L'Hommedieu, both at that
time Regents, the former a member of the Lower House of the
Legislature and the latter a member of the Senate in 1787,were the
leading spirits in this reform. This committee presented to the Board
an elaborate and able report, setting forth the defects in the law and
the urgent importance of making provision for the spread of educa-
tion in the State. This report contains one notable passage, which
serves to show that this Board appreciated the value of general
education, as well as of the higher education with which they were
more particularly charged. These are their words: "But before
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
7
your committee conclude, they feel themselves bound in faithfulness
to add that the erecting of public schools for teaching reading, writing
and arithmetic is an object of very great importance, which ought not
to be left to the discretion of private men, but be promoted by public
authority. Of so much knowledge, no citizen ought to be destitute,
and yet it is a reflection as true as it is painful, that but too many of
our youth are brought up in utter ignorance.
The committee embodied its views in a bill which was passed by
the Legislature, April 13, 1787. This law in all its general provis-
ions, after a hundred years, still remains in force, and forms the basis
of the present system of collegiate and academic education in the
State. It repeals, specifically, all preceding legislation on the subject
and begins entirely anew. It enacts "That an University be and is
hereby instituted within this State, to be called and known by the
name or style of The Regents of the University of the State of
NEW YORK." It fixes the number of Regents at twenty-one, of
whom the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the State for the
time being shall be two. It names the remaining nineteen, and pro-
vides that they are to hold office during the pleasure of the Legisla-
ture, and that vacancies are to be filled by the Legislature. It is
made a corporation, with power to hold property to the amount of
the annual income of forty thousand bushels of wheat. It authorizes
the Regents to visit and inspect all the colleges, academies and schools,
which are or may be established in this State, to examine into the state
of education and discipline, and to make a yearly report thereof to
the Legislature. It gives them power to confer degrees above that
of Master of Arts. It empowers them to grant charters of incor-
poration to colleges and to academies, and to grant collegiate charters
to such academies as may grow to be worthy of it. Besides the
provisions relating to the University, the act ratifies and confirms
the charter of Columbia College, names a Board of Trustees, and
invests it with power to hold property, and with all other rights and
powers possessed under its charter of 1754. It thus lays down the
principle which has been since followed in the State, that the
University should include and have the oversight of all the colleges
and academies of the State, but that each should have its own Board
of Trustees, who should constitute a body corporate for the manage-
ment of its individual affairs.
A glance at the names of those who constituted the first Board
will evince its high capacity. George Clinton, the Governor, was,
by character, experience and learning, fitted to be its Chancellor.
8
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
It is to his honor that, from the beginning, he used his high oppor-
tunities to advance popular education. He was the first Governor
to propose
"the establishment of common schools throughout the
State." Others of this Board deserve particular mention because of
their enlightened attention to the important duties of their positions,
and because of their great public services. Dr. John Rodgers was
the pastor of the Brick Church in Beekman street. He was a man
of great learning, and an ardent patriot in the Revolutionary strug-
gle. He was of courtly presence, and, with his buzz-wig and three-
cornered hat, his gold-headed cane and his silver shoe-buckles, was
a conspicuous figure. He was Regent from 1787 till his death in
1812. and from 1790 was Vice-Chancellor. Egbert Benson, one of
the most learned jurists of his time, was born in 1746 and died in
1833. He was educated in Columbia College, and distinguished
himself as a lawyer, as a judge, and in the State and National Legis-
latures. He was the first President of the New York Historical
Society. He resigned the Regency in 1802. John Jay, the dis-
tinguished statesman, and the first Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court, and Governor of the State, was the first Vice-Chan-
cellor. No man had wider or more practical views as to education,
or was more active and earnest in the work of the Board. Matthew
Clarkson had been a member of the first Board of Regents, and had
visited Europe as its agent in the interests of Columbia College.
Others might be specially named: Dr. Benjamin Moore, afterward
President of Columbia College, and Bishop of the Protestant Epis-
copal Diocese of New York; Dr. Girardus Westerlo, the distin-
guished pastor of the Collegiate Dutch Church, New York; Dr.
William Linn; Rev. John McDonald, and Frederick William Baron
de Steuben.
The first meeting of this new Board was held July 17, 1787, at
the Exchange, in the city of New York. Governor Clinton was
chosen Chancellor, John Jay, Vice-Chancellor, and Richard Har-
rison, Secretary. There were present Dr. John Rodgers, Egbert
Benson, John Jay, Matthew Clarkson, Dr. Benjamin Moore, Dr.
William Linn and Frederick William de Steuben. An application
was received for the incorporation of an academy at Flatbush, to be
denominated Erasmus Hall. This application was referred to a com-
mittee for examination, and at the next meeting, November 17,
1787, the charter prayed for was granted. This was the first academy
chartered in the State, and the venerable institution still survives as
a living memento of the first deliberations of the Board. The Clin-
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
9
ton Academy, at East Hampton, received a charter at this same meet-
ing, and others followed rapidly in successive years, so that by 1813
there were thirty academies incorporated. These were the pioneer
institutions of learning in the State, preceding the establishment of
common schools, and by their influence making common schools
possible. The first college chartered by the Board was Union Col-
lege, at Schenectady, in 1795.
The first annual report of this new Board to the Legislature was
made in 1788, and consists of about two foolscap pages. The suc-
cessive reports of the Board contained valuable suggestions as to
legislation, and nearly all the early laws relating to education, which
are enacted by the Legislature, may be traced to the enlightened
counsel of the Board. The recommendation, contained in the sec-
ond report, that the State grant its unused lands to the Regents for
educational purposes, may be considered to have been the origin of
the Literature Fund. The Board was, to a certain extent, a legisla-
tive body, authorized to frame ordinances for the institutions under
it. With the increase of the number of institutions, the duties of
the Board were greatly multiplied. The places of holding the annual
meetings of the Board varied with the migrations of the Legislature.
Until 1798, when the Legislature found a permanent home in Albany,
the Board alternated between New York, Poughkeepsie, Kingston
and Albany. The special and adjourned meetings of the Board,
however, up to 1798, were chiefly held in the city of New York, in
and near which the greater number of the Regents resided.
Leaving the details of legislation to be described elsewhere, it will
be sufficient to give here a summary statement of the laws at present
in force relating to the powers of the Board, and of the various duties
which are now devolved on it.
ORGANIZATION. — In 1842 the Secretary of State was created a
Regent ex officio, and in 1854, in the act creating the office, the
Superintendent of Public Instruction was also added. With these
additions the Board now consists of twenty-three members, of whom
four are Regents ex officio, viz.: the Governor, the Lieutenant-
Governor, the Secretary of State, and the Superintendent of Public
Instruction, while the remaining nineteen are chosen by the Legis-
lature in the same manner as United States Senators. The elected
members hold their office during the pleasure of the Legislature.
A Regent must be a citizen of the State, and cannot be a Trustee,
or any other officer, of any college or academy under the visitation
of the Board. The officers of the Board are a Chancellor and Vice.
2
10
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ten, viz.:
Chancellor, who are members thereof, and a Secretary and Treasurer,
and an Assistant Secretary. The officers hold their positions during
the pleasure of the Board. The business of the Board is conducted.
principally by means of standing committees. Of these, there are
On Incorporations; on the State Museum; on the State
Library; on the Instruction of Common School Teachers; on the
Distribution of the Literature Fund; on Appropriations for the
Purchase of Books and Apparatus; on the Annual Report; on the
Visitation of Colleges and Academies; on Academic Examinations;
on Printing and Legislation, and on Degrees. The annual meeting
of the Board is fixed by law to be held on the evening of the second
Thursday in January at the Senate Chamber, and other meetings by
order of the Board, or on the call of the Chancellor. Adjourned
meetings are held during the sessions of the Legislature, and a semi-
annual meeting in July. Six members constitute a quorum.
The powers and duties of the Board may be enumerated under
the following heads, viz.:
INCORPORATION.
By the original act establishing the University,
the Regents were empowered to incorporate colleges and academies,
whenever the conditions set forth in the applications were approved
by them. This power was confirmed by legislation in 1853, and the
Regents were authorized to prescribe by general regulations the
conditions for such incorporation. This power was not originally
understood to include the incorporation of medical colleges. In the
instances where the Board had incorporated medical colleges, as in
the cases of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York
in 1807, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Fairfield
in 1812, it had been under special powers conferred for this purpose.
But, in 1853, the Legislature enacted that the Board should, when-
ever specified conditions were complied with, have power also to
grant charters for medical colleges. The conditions, which they
fixed, required that $50,000 should be secured for the college before
a permanent charter could be granted. The Regents, by general
ordinance made under authority of the act of 1853, established also
the conditions on which charters are granted to literary colleges and
academies. In the case of colleges, they require that funds to the
amount of $100,000 shall be secured, and that, in addition, suitable
buildings and equipments shall be provided. In the case of acade-
mies, they require that the property, including lot, buildings, library
and apparatus, shall not be less than $5,000, and that the library and
philosophical apparatus shall be worth each at least $500. The
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
11
*
Board is also authorized to annul and amend charters, on due notice
and due cause being shown.
VISITATION. - The Board is authorized by its officers, committees
and accredited agents to visit and inspect all the colleges and acade-
mies which are or may be established in the State, and "examine
into the state and system of education therein." This authority of
visitation extends, not merely to the institutions chartered by the
Board itself, but also to those receiving their charters from the
Legislature. Each such college and academy is required by law to
make to the Board an annual report of its affairs, according to such
instructions and forms as the Board may establish. This report
pertains to its financial condition, its means of imparting instruction,
its departments of study, and its statistics of attendance. The results
of the information gathered by the visitation, and from the returns
made to the Board, are embodied in a report, which has been annu-
ally, since the establishment of the Board, sent to the Legislature.
DEGREES. The Board of Regents, according to the original char-
ter, possessed the power of conferring honorary degrees above that
of Master of Arts. This power has been very sparingly exercised.
Since its organization the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws has
been conferred only on fifteen persons. The degree of Doctor of
Civil Law has been conferred only once, in 1873, on William Beach
Lawrence. The degree of Doctor of Literature has been conferred
only since 1864 on twelve persons. The degree of Doctor of Phi-
losophy has been conferred since 1860 on twenty-three persons.
The honorary degrees are confined to cases where the persons have
performed some signal service to literature, science or education, and
the special cause is recited with the degree.
By special statute the Board is also empowered to grant other de-
grees on certain conditions. It may confer the honorary degree of
Doctor of Medicine each year on four candidates nominated by each
of the State Medical Societies. This degree does not, however,
carry with it the right to practice medicine. It is empowered, by
an act passed in 1872, to appoint Boards of Medical Examiners, on
whose nomination it may grant the full degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine. It is also empowered to establish a system of examinations
for the bestowal of degrees of any grade.
CONVOCATION. - The Board established in 1863 a Convocation of
the University, of which the Regents and the officers of all colleges
and academies and normal schools within the State are members.
The Convocation is held in July, at the Capitol, in Albany, and is
12
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
presided over by the Chancellor. The business is the consideration
of topics relating to the organization and administration of the in-
stitutions comprised in the University, and of questions relating to the
general interests of education. The sessions extend through three
days, and at the final session the honorary degrees granted by the
Board are conferred by the Chancellor. The papers and discussions
of the Convocation are printed with the annual report of the Re-
gents to the Legislature. A large amount of valuable pedagogic
literature is the result of these convocations.
STATE LIBRARY.-The Regents, in 1844, were constituted the
Trustees of the State Library. In this capacity they are charged
with the administration of the laws and the enactment of regulations
as to its management. Their care also extends to the historical docu-
ments belonging to the State, and to the papers and docu-
ments left by the Legislature. They serve as the agents of the
State for the distribution of law reports and legislative documents
among the States and Territories, and the public libraries and insti-
tutions entitled by law to receive them. They are also the Trustees
of certain law libraries established at Syracuse, Rochester, Brooklyn
and Buffalo. The special supervision of the State Library is in-
trusted to a Standing Committee of the Regents. The Staff of
Librarians is appointed by the Board.
State Museum. — The Regents were, by an act of 1815, created
the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History. The super-
vision of it is intrusted to a Standing Committee. The scientific
staff is appointed by the Board, and consists of a Director and as-
sistants, and of the State Entomologist and the State Botanist.
The Legislature makes an appropriation each year for the sup-
port of the Museum, which is expended under the supervision of
the Standing Committee. The Trustees make to the Legislature
each year a report on the Museum, to which is appended the reports
of the Director and of the Entomologist and Botanist.
NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY. — The law authorizing the establish-
ment of this institution was passed in 1844, and provides that it be
placed under the joint management of the Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction and the Regents of the University. An Executive
Committee, appointed by the Board of Regents on the nomination
of the Superintendent, has the immediate supervision.
BOUNDARIES OF THE STATE. By direction of the Legislature, the
Board has conducted an extended investigation into the condition of
the boundaries of the State. Valuable reports embodying the his.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
13
tory of these boundaries have been made to the Legislature, and for
several years the work of restoring the monuments of the lines be.
tween New York and its neighbors has been in progress, under the
charge of Commissioners appointed on the part of New York by
the Board from its own members.
PUBLICATIONS. —Some of the publications of the Board of Re-
gents have a standard educational value. The annual reports of the
Board to the Legislature contain a vast amount of information as to
the colleges and academies in the State and as to the general history
of education. The manual of the Regents, issued first as "Instruc-
tions," is a collection of all the laws, ordinances and instructions re-
lating to the institutions under their care. The Regents, as Trus-
tees of the State Library, present annual reports to the Legislature
which contain a statement, in detail, of the annual additions. They
have also issued at various times catalogues of the books in the dif
ferent departments of the library. The annual report of the Re-
gents, as Trustees of the State Museum, besides the statements as
to the condition and progress of the Museum, contain a large amount
of valuable scientific material. Several special volumes have also
at various times been issued by the Board.
PERSONAL HISTORY. - The personal history of the Board of Re-
gents would contain many matters of interest. During its extended
existence an unusual number of distinguished men have been con-
nected with it. Leaving out of account the Governors and Lieu-
tenant-Governors and others, who have been ex-officio Regents, there
have been one hundred and twenty-six Regents chosen by the Legisla-
ture. Of these, forty-three resigned, fifty-two died in office, ten
vacated their places by removal or otherwise, and nineteen are now
in office. The longest term of office was that of Gulian C. Ver-
planck, who served from 1826 to 1870, a period of forty-four years.
Matthew Clarkson served thirty-nine years, and Simcon De Witt
thirty-seven years.
By far the longest connection with the Board, however, was that
of Gideon Hawley, who acted as Secretary of the Board from 1814
to 1841, and then, after an interval of only a few months, having
been elected a Regent, served till his death in 1870. This constituted
a total of fifty-six years; and they were years full of useful and active
service. When only a young man, in 1813, he was appointed to the
office, then first created, of Superintendent of Common Schools, and
he has been justly called "the father of the common-school system
of the State." He was soon after, in March, 1814, appointed Sec-
14
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
retary of the Regents of the University. His official career ex-
tended through the formative period of the educational system of
the State, and much of the good work done must be justly attributed
to him. Mr. Ilawley's character for integrity and purity, and his
great administrative ability, gave to his opinions decisive weight in
all deliberations, and, for a long time before his death, he was looked
upon by his associates in the Board as "a living epitome of its his-
tory, its progress, its labors and its influence."
The lists given below show the officers of the Board from
its organization in 1784 to 1881. The early Chancellors of the
Board were in each case the Governor for the time being. Thus,
George Clinton, who was Governor at the time of the organization
of the first Board, was chosen Chancellor, and so continued through
his successive terms. Then John Jay, his successor as Governor,
was chosen Chancellor. This continued until the time when Gov-
ernor Tompkins was elected Vice-President of the United States
and Lieutenant-Governor John Tayler, as acting-governor, was
chosen Chancellor. Being also a Regent by election, he continued
to hold the office after his official term as Lieutenant-Governor ex-
pired. From that time the office of Chancellor has been disconnected
from the office of Governor. The longest period was the Chancellor-
ship of John V. L. Pruyn, who held it nearly sixteen years.
CHANCELLORS OF THE UNIVERSITY.
1784 STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER.. 1835
1796 JAMES KING..
GEORGE CLINTON
JOHN JAY.....
GEORGE CLINTON.
1802 PETER WENDELL..
MORGAN LEWIS.
1805
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS.
1808
GERRIT Y. LANSING.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN.
JOHN TAYLER
1817
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT.
SIMEON DE WITT….
1829
HENRY R. PIERSON…….
VICE-CHANCELLORS OF THE UNIVERSITY.,
1839
•
1842
1849
•
1862
1878
1881
•
PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT.... 1784 DANIEL S. DICKINSON...
.... 1843
JOHN JAY...
JOHN RODGERS..
JOHN TAYLER.
1787
JOHN GREIG...
1845
1790 GULIAN C. VERPLANCK….
1814 ERASTUS CORNING……….
1858
1870
SIMEON DE WITT.
ELISHA JENKINS..
LUTHER BRADISH...
1817
ERASTUS C. BENEDICT.
1872
1829 HENRY R. PIERSON..
1842 GEORGE W. CLINTON.
1878
1881
SECRETARIES OF THE BOARD.
ROBERT HARPUR……….
RICHARD HARRISON.
NATHANIEL LAWRENCE..
1784 FRANCIS BLOODGOOD..
1787 GIDEON HAWLEY...
1798
1814
1790
DE WITT CLINTON..
DAVID S. JONES...
ASSISTANT SECRETARY, DANIEL J. PRATT, 1866-1884.
1794
THEODORIC ROMEYN BECK... 1841
SAMUEL B. WOOLWORTH. . 1855
1797 DAVID MURRAY..
. 1880
•
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
15
2. The Colleges of New York.
The earliest efforts for the establishment of a college within the
bounds of New York were made in the city of New York, and re-
sulted finally in the founding of King's College. It was for a
long time a reproach, which some of the inhabitants felt very deeply,
that, whereas Massachusetts had founded a college at Cambridge in
1650, and Connecticut a college at New Haven in 1701, New York,
which was richer and more prosperous than either, had made no
serious movement in this direction before 1746. The reason for this
backwardness may probably be found in the fact that the popula-
tion of New York was of a more mixed character, and that a much
smaller proportion of men of liberal education was to be found
among its people than in New England. It was said that in 1746
there were in the province, outside of the clergy, only thirteen men
who had taken a degree, and for many years there were but two.
But, in 1746, a movement was begun by the passage of an act
by the Colonial Legislature for holding a lottery, under which the
sum of £2,250 was raised toward founding a college. Other sums
were raised from subsequent lotteries, and by the appropriation of
excise money, and from private benefactions. Trinity Church,
which had received the valuable grant of the "King's Farm" for
the support of institutions of religion and education, made over a
part of this grant to the Trustees of the college. In 1754 the
harter of incorporation was granted, and the institution began its
career. During the troubles of the Revolution the college was sus-
pended, its property in part sacrificed, and its Faculty and Trustees
scattered. Hence, at the close of the war, it was necessary to
begin almost anew. In the acts passed for the establishment of the
University of New York, in 1784 and 1787, provision was made for
re-incorporating the college and restoring all the rights and immuni-
ties secured to it in its original charter. As the subsequent college
charters in the State usually conferred "all the rights and privileges
enjoyed by Columbia College," it may be useful to enumerate briefly
the provisions of its charter.
1. The number of Trustees is fixed at twenty-four, with power,
in case of vacancy, to elect successors. 2. All the property of the
old corporation (1754) is vested in the new, and it is empowered to
take over the buildings, grounds and equipments before held by the
Governors of Kings' College. 3. The Board of Trustees is empow-
ered to appoint a President, to hold his office during good behavior,
16
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and to appoint Professors and Tutors, to hold office during the
pleasure of the Trustees. 4. The Board of Trustees is empowered
to make ordinances for the government of the college. 5. The Board
of Trustees is empowered to grant such degrees "as are usually
granted by any or either of the universities of England."
The next step in founding colleges in the State was taken in 1795,
when Union College was chartered by the Regents of the Univer-
sity. The first application for this college was made in 1792, but
it was denied on the ground that sufficient funds had not been
procured. Again, in 1794, the Academy at Schenectady applied to
be erected into a college, under the provisions of the act of 1787,
but this was denied on the ground that its literary and financial con-
dition did not warrant it. Finally, in 1795, a proposition, satisfac-
tory to the Regents, was made and a charter was granted, with pro-
visions similar to those of Columbia College. Full university powers
were given to "grant all such degrees as are known to and usually
granted by any university or college in Europe."
Following this, many other applications for college charters were
made, but most were denied on the ground of insufficient funds.
The Board of Regents pursued a conservative policy, and resisted
the imprudent zeal of those who desired to fill the State with weak
colleges. In 1795 an application for a college at Albany was denied.
The same fate awaited the applications, in 1802, for a college in
Cayuga or Onondaga county; in 1804 for a college at Kingston
and from the Kingston Academy to confer degrees; in 1809 for a
college at Fairfield, in 1811 for a college at Kingston, and for
Hamilton-Oneida Academy to be made a college, and many others
in subsequent years. Several charters for colleges were granted,
but upon terms as to funds, buildings, etc., which were never com-
plied with, and hence failed. The next college to secure a sufficient
foothold to justify a charter was Hamilton College. The applica-
tion was granted on condition that funds to the amount of $50,000,
exclusive of investments in buildings, should be received. This
was accomplished in 1812, and a charter, in all respects similar to
that of Union College, was granted. Following this came, in 1822,
an application to bestow on Geneva Academy a college charter ;
this was granted on condition that in three years adequate build-
ings and funds, yielding an annual revenue of $4,000, should be re-
ceived. This was accomplished so far that, in 1824, a fund of $60,-
000 was reported and the charter was granted. With these institu-
tions established, the Board of Regents were disposed to rest satis-
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
17
fied, and to resist the pressure for further charters until these proved
inadequate for the wants of the State. Columbia College might be
regarded as providing sufficiently for the city of New York and
the regions adjacent; Union College aud Hamilton College for the
eastern and central parts of the State, and Geneva College for the
west.
Down to 1831 the Legislature had incorporated no colleges. It
had left this duty to the Board of Regents, who, under the authority
granted to it, had established, as conditions of incorporation, rules
as to endowment and suitable equipment of the institutions. These
rules had nipped many budding enterprises, and repressed into
the category of academies many that aspired to the dignity of
colleges. The pressure was finally brought to bear upon the Legis
lature, and, for the next thirty or forty years, most of the new
institutions sought charters directly from the Legislature. In
some cases, as in the case of the Cornell University, the circum-
stances were such as to justify and require legislative intervention;
but very many of the charters were sought from this source, because
the requirements imposed by the Board of Regents, as to endowment,
could not be complied with. The first institution to be chartered
by the Legislature was the University of the city of New York, in
1831. The plan proposed was, in some respects, novel. The in-
stitution was to be a stock corporation, with shares of $100 each.
It was to be governed by a Council elected by the shareholders. This
Council, by the charter, was invested with corporate powers, and,
as a university, was empowered to grant all degrees. It was to be
subject to the visitation of the Regents. Under its university powers
it established a Medical Department and a Department of Law,
Madison University at Hamilton, and St. John's College at Fordham,
were each chartered by the Legislature in 1846. All were granted
similar powers, and made subject to the visitation of the Regents.
The subsequent incorporations will be given in the statistical sum-
mary.
STATE AID TO COLLEGES. In its early history the State assisted
liberally in the establishment and the support of these pioneer
colleges; but the greater and more pressing demands for popular
education gradually gained the ear of the Legislature and taxed
the liberality of the State. The generous spirit in which the great
State has treated its colleges, especially its early colleges, is worthy
of being here recounted.
The following summary includes the grants so far as ascertained.
3
18
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
In respect to the grants by lotteries, the sums realized did not
always correspond to the amounts named, sometimes being in excess
and sometimes falling short;
1. Columbia College:
Grants to King's College by lotteries and excise
*£6,943,...
$17,358
Grants of land, including botanical gardent.
83,647
Grants in money, 1792,*£11,608; 1819, $10,000.
39,125
Total...
$110,130
2. Union College:
Grants by lotteries, 1805 and 1814...
$280,000
Grants of land, 1800 and 1802....
52,861
Grants in money..
25,250
Total...
$358,111
3. Hamilton College:
Grant from sales of land, 1812...
$50,000
Grant by lottery, 1814.....
40,000
Grants of money, 1836-46...
30,000
Total...
$120,000
4 Geneva College:
Grants of money, 1838-46..
$63,000
5. University of the City of New York:
Annual grant for five years, 1838, $6,000......
$30,000
6. Elmira Female College, 1867..
$25,000
7. Ingham University, 1861.....
$5,000
8. College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York:
Lotteries
$45,000
* Converted into approximate value in dollars according to the rates of exchange pre-
valling at the time.
↑ For which the State paid Dr. Hosack $74 268 75.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
19
9. Fairfield Medical College:
Grant from sales of land, 1812...
Annual grant for five years, 1820, $1,000..
Total....
10. University of Rochester, grant 1857...
$10,000
5,000
$15,000
$25,000
PLANS OF STUDY. - It will be interesting to trace briefly the pro-
gress of the educational system which grew up in these colleges.
The origin of the plan of study in our American colleges must be
sought in the English and Scotch universities, from which came the
educated men of the English colonies. They brought with them
their ideas of organization, discipline and instruction. The studies
were therefore what were common in the English and Scotch institu-
tions of the time. These were Latin, Greek, mathematics and
natural philosophy. In the earliest report from the visitors to
Columbia College (1788), it is stated that "the students are regularly
instructed in the Latin and Greek languages, geography, natural
and moral philosophy and the mathematics." In 1793, it is re-
ported that Columbia College has established a "professorship of
chemistry, natural history and agriculture." We copy from the
statutes of Union College for 1802 the course of study prescribed:
"The Freshman Class shall study the Latin, Greek and English
languages, arithmetic, Sheridan's Lectures on Elocution, and shall
write such Latin exercises as the Faculty shall appoint.
"The Sophomore Class shall study geography, algebra, vulgar and
decimal fractions, the extraction of roots, conic sections, Euclid's
Elements, trigonometry, surveying, mensuration of heights and dis-
tances, navigation, logic, Blair's Lectures, and such parts of emi-
nent authors in the learned languages as the officers in college shall
prescribe.
"The Junior Class shall study the elements of criticism, astron-
omy, natural and moral philosophy, and shall perform such exercises
in the higher branches of mathematics as the Faculty shall prescribe.
"The Senior Class shall study select portions of ancient and mod-
ern history, such parts of Locke's Essay Concerning Human Under-
standing as the President shall direct, Stewart's Elements of the
Philosophy of the Human Mind, and shall review the principal
studies of the preceding years, and also such portions of Virgil,
A
20-
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Cicero and Horace as the President shall direct, and shall be accus-
tomed to apply the principles of criticism."
Scientific studies crept into the college curriculum very slowly.
Chemistry had appeared in Columbia College in 1793, but it was
untimely fruit. Down to 1830, or even later, there was little or no
botany, geology or mineralogy taught in the colleges. Before 1840
the great geological survey of the State of New York had been begun,
and, as a result, we see in the college plans of study a recognition
of the light that had dawned. Electricity and galvanism made their
appearance with the great wave which brought in the telegraph.
A chemical laboratory was unknown in an American college before
the time of John William Draper, and it was not till 1855, when
the Laboratory of Union College was opened, and, in 1864, when
the Columbia College School of Mines was organized, that New
York colleges could be said to have laboratories.
The credit of initiating the elective system of studies in colleges
is due to Dr. Nott, at Union College. We find, indeed, that, in
1797, it was proposed to give an option between Greek and French
in that institution; but it was not till 1828 that the plan is reported
to the Regents as established, of having a regular scientific course,
co-ordinated throughout with the classical course, with studies which
should be allowed as alternatives. The plan has continued in force
since that time, and has been developed into a system of electives
such as now exists in nearly all colleges.
SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE. The great impulse given to industrial de-
velopment in the State, by the building of the Erie canal and the
construction of lines of railways, called in our country for a new
type of education. The demand for civil and mechanical engineers
brought into existence institutions and departments of instruction
for teaching these branches. The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
founded in 1826 by General Stephen Van Rensselaer, was the first of
this class. Other institutions followed more slowly. Union College
established its Department of Civil Engineering in 1845, and Colum-
bia College its School of Mines in 1864. The rise of the system of
agricultural colleges in the United States dates from an effort in the
State of New York to found the People's College. To effect this
object, the bill making the grant of land to the States for establish-
ing "Colleges for Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts" was carried
through Congress. It was passed in 1864. The portion of land
coming to the State of New York was nine hundred and ninety
thousand acres. This immense inheritance was wisely bestowed by
'
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
21
the State in such a way as to bring the best results. In 1865 Ezra
Cornell made the munificent offer to the State to give to a university
two hundred acres of land in Ithaca, and a money endowment of
$500,000, provided the State would bestow on it the proceeds of this
land grant. This offer was accepted, and the Legislature, in 1865,
incorporated Cornell University, bestowing on it the proceeds of the
land grant, and constituting it the State College of Agriculture and
the Mechanic Arts.
FEMALE COLLEGES. — Female education has kept pace with other
departments in New York, and to-day can point with satisfaction to
five colleges devoted entirely to the education of women, and four
others in which they are received on equal terins with men. The
earliest efforts in the direction of a higher education for women were
doubtless those of Mrs. Einina Willard at Waterford and Troy, and
although she never realized her plan of establishing a college for
women on a broad and permanent foundation, she did much toward
preparing the way for what has been since accomplished for female
education. Elmira Female College, chartered in 1855, and Ingham
University, chartered with college powers in 1857, were the earliest
institutions authorized to confer degrees on women in this State.
The State aided Elmira College with a grant of $25,000, and Ing-
ham University with a grant of $5,000. In 1861 Vassar College
was founded with more distinct purposes and plans. It was designed
to create an institution which should do for women what our regular
colleges do for men. Rutgers Female College began its collegiate
existence in 1867. The last of the sisterhood is Wells College,
organized in 1870, which two good and liberal men, Mr. Henry
Wells and Mr. E. B. Morgan, have generously endowed.
MEDICAL COLLEGES. The laws of the State have always dealt
with medical colleges as standing on a different basis from those for
science and the arts. Columbia College was vested with the rights
and powers of a university, and therefore could confer medical de-
grees. So, too, those colleges which were chartered on the same
model had like powers. Under these powers Columbia College and
Geneva College, and the University of the city of New York estab-
lished medical departments, gave medical education and conferred
the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The establishment of separate
medical colleges was begun by the incorporation, in 1807, of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York. This
was so unusual a proceeding that the Legislature passed a special act
empowering the Board of Regents to grant the charter, Subse-
22
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
quently, in 1812, a College of Physicians and Surgeons was author-
ized by the Legislature and chartered by the Board at Fairfield,
Herkimer county But, in the case of both these colleges, the
power to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine was vested in the
Board of Regents. This continued down to 1860, when (the Fair-
field College having closed) the power to confer the medical degree
was, in the case of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New
York, transferred to its Board of Trustees. The later acts of in-
corporation, such as those establishing the Bellevue Medical College
in 1861, the Homœopathic Medical College of New York in 1860,
and others, vested the power of conferring degrees in the Boards of
Trustees. And this is the established system at the present time.
But the possession of a medical degree did not, in the earlier part of
the history of the State, entitle the holder to practice medicine.
There were two sources from which such licenses might emanate:
First, the diploma of the Board of Regents was a sufficient license;
second, the State and County Medical Societies were authorized and
directed to examine and license candidates on certain prescribed con-
ditions. One by one, however, the medical colleges obtained from
the Legislature special enactments sanctioning their diplomas as
licenses to practice medicine, until all are now included.
The act of 1853 made general provision for the chartering of
medical colleges by the Board of Regents, and established as a con-
dition that each such college shall possess an endowment of $50,000,
shall be subject to the visitation of the Regents, and may grant
diplomas to persons who have studied medicine a specified time
and are duly qualified. But the good to be anticipated from this
law was in part defeated by the practice, which still continued,
of seeking special charters from the Legislature. In 1880 a medical
registration law was enacted, requiring all physicians and surgeons
to be registered, and giving to medical diplomas of incorporated medi-
cal colleges the force of licenses, and repealing all other powers to
license except by the Board of Regents on examination.
LAW SCHOOLS. The first professorship of law in an American
college is believed to have been established at Philadelphia in 1790.
A more important and more successful experiment was, however, that
at Litchfield, Connecticut, where Timothy Reeves, in connection with
Judge Gould, established a school of law which attracted students
from all parts of the country. In the State of New York there were
various early private schools of law, but the first incorporated school
was that at Albany, begun in 1851. The Law School of Columbia
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
23
College and the Law Department of the University of the City of
New York were each begun in 1858, although lectures on law had
been given many years before by Judge Kent in Columbia College.
The plans of study in all the law schools of the State are nearly the
same, and include courses of lectures on the several departments of
law, combined with the study of text-books and practice in moot-
courts. The degree of Bachelor of Laws is conferred upon those
who successfully complete the course of study. For admission to
the bar, the present law of the State requires an examination under
the direction of the Supreme Court, according to regulations drawn
up by the Court of Appeals.
SUMMARY STATEMENT. It only remains to give a brief statement
as to the present condition of the colleges and professional schools
comprised in the University. In all there are forty separate incor-
porations, including the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New
York, which is also the Medical Department of Columbia College,
and the Albany Medical College, the Albany Law School, and the
Dudley Observatory, which, although incorporated separately, are
also departments of Union University. In the summary which
follows this sketch, will be found some account of these institu-
tions. For purposes of comparison it will be convenient to ar-
range them in distinct groups: 1. Colleges of Arts: 2. Medical
Colleges; 3. Law Schools; 4. Colleges of Science.
In the table given below is presented a statement of the property
of all classes of colleges for the year 1883. This statement is one of
great interest, indicating, as it does, the very large investment in the
institutions designed for a liberal education. Of this large sum, how-
ever, more than one-third is invested in buildings and grounds. This
circumstance indicates what is really a very lamentable fact in regard
to these colleges, that a great number of them are very insufficiently
endowed.
PROPERTY OF THE COLLEGES.
Value of buildings and grounds..
Value of educational collections..
Value of other property.......
Total value of property
$7,545,518 98
1,621,670 71
12,357,862 35
$21,525,052 04
In the following table is summed up the statistics of the several
classes of institutions enumerated below, giving for each class the
number of schools, the number of instructors, the number of students
24
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and the number of graduates for the year 1884, with the total
number of graduates from the beginning:
COLLEGES OF NEW YORK.
1884.
Number
of
colleges.
Number
of
instruct-
ors.
Number
of
students.
Number
of grad-
uates.
Total
number
of grad-
uates.
Colleges of Arts...
23
363
3,626
494
12,582
Medical Colleges
16
214
2,330
709
13,399
Law Schools...
4
20
506
215
*2,775
Professional Schools of Science.
3
•
778
2,774
58
1,260
1. COLLEGES OF ARTS.- Under this head are included those institu-
tions or departments of institutions whose end is the Baccalaureate
degree. Of these there are twenty-three, of which number five are
exclusively for women, and four are for men and women. The fol-
lowing table gives the number of instructors, the number of students
and the number of graduates for the year 1884:
COLLEGES OF ARTS.
1884.
Number
of
instruct-
ors.
Number
of
students.
Number
of grad-
uates.
Columbia College.
32
286
52
Union College..
19
162
57
Hamilton College.
12
186
51
Hobart College
9
51
22
University of the City of New York.
18
51
22
Madison University.
12
93
20
St. John's College..
10
74
15
University of Rochester..
12
165
27
St. Lawrence University
8
63
3
Alfred University
14
101
9
St. Stephen's College
6
46
77
College of St. Francis Xavier.
9
79
10
Manhattan College..
10
254
24
Cornell University.
42
460
61
College of the City of New York….:
26
546
44
Syracuse University...
20
323
34
St. Bonaventure's College
12
92
..
Niagara University
11
107
•
Canisius College
13
45
9
EXCLUSIVELY FOR WOMEN.
Elmira Female College.
+Ingham University
Vassar College.
•
•
Rutgers Female College.
Wells College..
·
:.
15
139
3
11
129
14
34
240
31
11
37
3
14
52
77
* Columbia College Law School only.
† Returns for 1883.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
25
2. MEDICAL COLLEGES. The institutions here classed as medical
colleges include several groups, viz.: 1. Colleges of Medicine and
Surgery, comprising the several institutions having the legal right
to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine; 2. Colleges of Phar-
macy, which confer no degree, but which grant certificates as gradu-
ates in Pharmacy; 3. Colleges of Dentistry, which confer the degree
of Doctor of Dental Surgery; 4. Veterinary Colleges, which confer
the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Science. The following table.
gives the principal facts as to their educational condition :
MEDICAL COlleges.
1884.
1. Colleges of Medicine and Surgery.
Number
of
instruct-
ors.
Number Number
of
of grad-
students.
uates.
College of Physiciaus and Surgeons, New York..
28
505
105
Medical Department of University, City of New York.
21
551
164
Albany Medical College.
17
149
43
Medical Department of University of Buffalo.
14
165
•
62
Long Island College Hospital....
Homœopathic Medical College of New York..
Bellevue Hospital Medical College
Eclectic Medical College.
Medical Department of University of Syracuse.
Medical Department, Niagara University.
2. Colleges of Pharmacy.
College of Pharmacy, New York.
22
122
37
27
152
53
17
434
149
E&
11
102
19
14
46
11
20
13
• •
Albany College of Pharmacy
10 Q2
316
71
37
13
3. College of Dentistry.
New York College of Dentistry.
11
142
42
4. Veterinary Colleges.
New York College of Veterinary Surgeons..
American Veterinary College..
14
4
16
92
22
3. SCHOOLS OF LAW.-The table given below enumerates the sta-
tistics of the Law Schools. They confer the degree of Bachelor of
Laws; but the degree does not give the right to practice in the
courts.
LAW SCHOOLS.
1879-80.
1880-81.
1881-82. 1882-83. 1883-84.
Number of institutions
4
4
4
4
4
Number of instructors.
18
25
24
20
31
Number of students..
646
603
609
506
511
Number of graduates.
355
170
245
215
190
4
26
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
3. The Academies of New York.
In the early annals of the Dutch Colony of the New Netherlands
there are frequent allusions to the schools which were established for
the benefit of the colonists. These schools were, however, of an
elementary character and only aimed at teaching to read, write and
cipher. The school-masters, like the clergy of that day, were chiefly
sent out from Holland, and were in the employ of the Dutch West
India Company. The only school of a higher grade, of which we
find any trace in the Dutch period, was one established in 1659,
when the company, at the earnest petition of the "burgomasters and
schepens" of New Amsterdam, sent over Alexander Carolus Curtius.
The petition alleges that "the burghers and inhabitants are inclined
to have their children instructed in the most useful languages, the
chief of which is the Latin tongue;" and that there are no means
to do so, nearer than Boston; and expresses the hope that the Latin
school may in time "attain to an academy." Rector Curtius, how-
ever, did not justify the hopes entertained of him, and was succeeded
by Rev. Aegidius Luyck, who was more successful, and maintained
the school down to the surrender of the Colony to the English.
During the English rule there were various efforts made to main-
tain a Latin school. Under Governor Dongan, in 1688, such a
school was opened in the city by the Jesuit Fathers. And again,
when Viscount Cornbury was Governor, by authority of an act
passed November 27, 1702, appropriating £50 annually for seven
years, a Latin Free School was established under "the ingenious Mr.
George Muirson," who was in 1704 duly licensed to instruct the
children "in the English, Latin and Greek tongues or languages,
and also in the arts of writing and arithmetick." A similar license
in 1705 is on record to Mr. Henry Lindley to teach a school in the
town of Jamaica. The most important enterprise of this kind, how-
ever, was the establishment, in 1732, of a public school to teach Latin,
Greek and Mathematics in the city of New York. This was under
the charge of Mr. Malcolm, and is believed to have formed the germ
of Columbia College. This school was authorized by an act of the
General Assembly in 1732, which appropriated for its support for
five years the amount received annually for licenses of hawkers and
peddlers in the city of New York; to which was added the sum of
£40, annually levied by tax. This act specified the number of pupils
which were to be received free from the several counties of the State.
At the expiration of the five years an extension of one year was ob-
tained, after which the school was probably continued as a private
enterprise.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
27
During the exciting and troublesome times of the French and
Revolutionary wars, we find little in the legislation of the Colony or
State relating to education. Latin schools doubtless existed, but
they must have been conducted chiefly as private schools. King's
College was opened in 1754, and it is to be inferred that schools for
preparing candidates must have existed in the city of New York, if
not in other towns of the Colony.
INCORPORATION OF ACADEMIES.-It was not, however, till the
organization of the University of the State, under the law of 1787,
that provision was made for the incorporation of "academies." In
the report made to the Board of Regents in 1787, proposing a re-
vision of the law, the committee says: "That liberal protection and
encouragement ought to be given to academies for the instruction of
youth in the languages and useful knowledge." "These academies
* * * owing their establishment to private benevolences, labor
under disadvantages which ought to be removed." Accordingly, in
the law thereupon enacted, it was made the duty of the Regents to
grant articles of incorporation upon the application of the "founders
and benefactors of any academy now or hereafter to be established."
At the very first meeting of the Regents after their organization, an
application for the incorporation of Erasmus Hall as an academy was
received, and at their second meeting both this application and
another for the incorporation of Clinton Academy, at East Hamp-
ton, Long Island, were granted. In 1790 North Salem Academy,
in Westchester county, and Fariners' Hall, in Orange county, were
incorporated. Two others followed in 1791, and year by year others,
so that by 1800 nineteen academies had been incorporated. Of
these, the Canandaigua (1795) lay farthest to the west, and Wash-
ington Academy (1791), in Washington county, was farthest to the
north. During the next ten years the Regents granted eight addi-
tional charters, and during the ten years following this, sixteen more.
Five others were chartered by the Legislature, making in all, up to
1820, forty-eight chartered academies. Some of these, however,
which had been incorporated, had failed to comply with the condi-
tions imposed, and others were unable to obtain a successful footing
and had passed out of existence. In the report of the Regents to
the Legislature in 1820, only thirty are mentioned as making returns
and receiving their share of the Literature Fund. Of the nineteen
chartered before 1800, two have been merged into colleges, viz.:
Schenectady Academy and Hamilton-Oneida Academy, and twelve
still survive, viz.: Erasmus Hall, 1787; Clinton, 1787; North Salem,
•
28
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1790; Farmers' Hall, 1790; Montgomery, 1791; Washington, 1791;
Dutchess County, 1792; Union Hall, 1792; Oxford, 1794; Johns-
town, 1794; Canandaigua, 1795; Lansingburgh, 1796.
In granting academic charters in the early days, we have the
best evidence that the Regents exercised great discrimination. They
not only required satisfactory proof that sufficient funds were pro-
vided, and that buildings of a suitable character were or would be fur-
nished, but they refused in many cases to sanction the establishment
of new institutions in localities where they were not likely to flour-
ish, or could only flourish by injuring the prosperity of others already
founded. In later years recourse was often had to the Legislature
for charters, which in general was much less rigorous in its require-
ments as to property and outfit. Between 1819 and 1830 more than
forty academic charters were granted by the Legislature, in most of
which no conditions were imposed. Under the general authority
granted to them the Regents, in 1851, established fixed regulations
for chartering academies. They required in all cases that the grounds
and buildings should be worth at least $2,000; that the library must
be worth at least $150, and the philosophical apparatus $150. They
required also that academies chartered by the Legislature, when re-
ceived under the visitation of the Regents, must hold their building
and grounds, library and apparatus, without incumbrance, unless
their value were at least $5,000, with incumbrances less than one-
third their value. By a law passed in 1851, authority was given to
form joint-stock companies for the establishment of academies. The
stockholders were empowered to nominate a Board of Trustees, who
should hold the property and manage its affairs. Such joint-stock
academies, whenever they were shown to be possessed of the amount
of property required by the ordinances of the Regents, could be re-
ceived under visitation and be entitled to the rights and privileges
conferred by law on academies.
ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENTS OF UNION SCHOOLS. -The General
School Law passed in 1864 contained very important provisions in
regard to academic instruction. It gave authority to the Board of
Education of any "union free school district to establish in the same
an academical department whenever, in their judgment, the same is
warranted by the demand for such instruction." This academical
department is by law made subject to the Board of Regents in all
matters pertaining to its course of education; but not in reference
to its buildings. The same act further authorizes the Board of Edu-
cation, after submitting the question to the voters of the district,
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
29
and obtaining the consent of the Trustees of the academy, to adopt
an incorporated academy existing therein as the Academical Depart-
ment of the Union School. The academical departments organized
under this law are entitled to the same benefits and privileges as the
academies of the State. The effect of the passage of this act has
been the establishment of many academical departments, or free
academies, in the cities and villages of the State. And many of the
old incorporated academies have, in like manner, been absorbed into
the free school system of the State. Year by year the number of
such academies has been diminished, and that of free academies in-
creased.
The following table shows the changes which have gradually taken
place in this particular :
NUMBER OF ACADEMIES AND ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENTS.
INSTITUTIONS REPORTING.
1865-6. 1870-1. 1875-6. | 1880-1. | 1883-4.
Academies.
Academical Departments.
Total...
190
164
147
79
75
22
45
95
160
185
212
209
242
239
260
STATE AID TO ACADEMIES.
The assistance extended to academies
in the early history of their establishment consisted in part of grants
of money and in part of donations of land bestowed on them for
sites, or to be disposed of for their benefit. In 1786, when the Land
Office was established, the law directed that the Surveyor-General,
in every township of unoccupied land which he laid out, should set
apart and mark on his maps one lot (six hundred and forty acres)
for "Gospel and schools," and one lot for promoting literature.
The land grants were to be at the disposal of the Legislature for the
intended object. Accordingly we find frequent enactments as to
the sale of these literature lots and the appropriation of the proceeds
to the support of academies. In this way, aid was extended to
Johnstown Academy in 1796, Oxford Academy in 1800, Cayuga
Academy in 1806, Pompey Academy in 1813, Onondaga Academy
in 1814, St. Lawrence Academy in 1816, Lowville Academy in 1818,
Montgomery Academy in 1819, and many others. In other cases,
where the academies were not contiguous to unoccupied State lands,
or where such lands had already been disposed of, direct grants of
money from the State treasury were made. In 1801 a lottery to
30
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
yield $100,000 was authorized – $25,000 per annum for four years
of which one-half was to be distributed by the Regents among
the academies, and the remaining half to be used for the benefit of
common schools.
LITERATURE FUND. The liberal policy of the State, in granting
aid to academies, was still further exemplified in founding what has
been termed the Literature Fund. The origin of this fund may be
traced back to 1790, when the Legislature authorized the Regents
of the University to take possession of and lease out certain State
lands, and to apply the rents and profits to aid the colleges and
academies of the State. In 1813 the Commissioners of the Land
Office were directed to sell military and other lands, and to invest
the proceeds as a principal sum, whose interest the Regents were
authorized to distribute among the academies under their care. The
fund received further additions in consequence of an act, passed in
1819, which directed that one-half of all quit-rents and commuta-
tions for quit-rents, received by the State, should be appropriated
to the increase of, the Literature Fund, and the remaining half to
the further increase of the School Fund. Furthermore, in 1827, an
act was passed conveying to the Literature Fund securities then
belonging to the Canal Fund to the amount of $150,000. Up to
this time the securities composing the Literature Fund had been
held in part by the Comptroller and in part by the Regents; but in
1832 an act was passed transferring all the securities to the custody
of the Comptroller, and, since that date, the fund has been managed,
as in the case of other funds, by the general financial officer of the
State. The following table exhibits the condition of this fund at.
successive periods:
GROWTH OF THE LITERATURE FUND.
1820.
1830.
1840.
1860.
1880.
Principal of Literature
Fund.
$132,529 $153,218 $268,164 $269,959 $271,989
The income of this fund was, in early years, distributed in two
ways. The part of it in the hands of the Regents was apportioned
among the academies in proportion to the number of "classical stu-
dents" in each. The part in the hands of the Comptroller was
appropriated from year to year by the Legislature to such colleges
and academies as were able to present sufficiently urgent claims.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
31
From the returns made by the Regents to the Legislature, we learn
the manner of distributing what lay within their jurisdiction. In
1794, the sum of £1,500 was distributed among twelve academies,
to be applied to the purchase of books and apparatus, and to the
education of indigent youth. In 1803, copies of the lately pub-
lished State map were presented to the academies. In 1817 a gen-
eral regulation was made that future distributions should be made
in proportion to the number of students pursuing the branches of
study preparatory to admission to "well-regulated colleges." In
1825, each academy was provided with a thermometer and a rain-
gauge. In the law passed by the Legislature in 1827, and which
was championed by John C. Spencer, it was directed that the basis
of distribution should be the pupils "who shall have pursued classi-
cal studies, or the higher branches of English education, or both.”
The inclusion of higher branches of English, then first made, was
for the purpose of encouraging the academies. to form classes for
the instruction of teachers of common schools. The Revised Stat-
utes, which went into effect in 1829, required that in making this
distribution the Regents should divide the amount to be distributed
into eight equal portions corresponding to the eight Senatorial dis-
tricts; and that each of these should be apportioned among the
academies of the district. This plan, although palpably unjust and
disapproved by the Board of Regents, was continued to 1847. In
that year the Legislature, in making the appropriation as required
by the new State Constitution, directed that the income of the Lit-
erature Fund be distributed by the Regents among the academies in
accordance with the old system, and in disregard of the districts.
In the following table are given the amounts distributed, at inter-
vals, in dividends to academies. The great increase as shown by
the table in the amount apportioned in 1840 and subsequently, and
which began in 1838, is due to the receipt of the United States De-
posit Fund and its dedication to education:
DISTRIBUTION OF THE LITERATURE FUND.
}
1820.
1830.
1840.
1860.
1880.
1884.
Number of schools...
30
Number of scholars.. 2,218
58
4,303
118
10,881
160
28,941
233
30,438
260
32,126
Number of academic
scholars..
636
2,222
8,841
16,514
8.485
10,126
Average amt, to each.
Amount apportioned.. $2,500 $10.000
$83
$40,000 $40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$172
$339 $259 $171
$154
32
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
}
UNITED STATES DEPOSIT FUND. In 1836, the revenue of the
United States being in excess of the expenditures, Congress passed
an act authorizing the deposit of the surplus with the several States
then composing the Union, in proportion to their representation in
the Senate and House of Representatives; and on condition that
the States should pledge their faith to repay the amounts without
interest, when demanded. The amount received by New York was
$4,014,520.71. This constitutes the capital of the United States
Deposit Fund. The Legislature of New York accepted the deposit
on the terms prescribed, and made laws as to the care and disposi-
tion of the fund and its revenue: 1. That the total revenue be
devoted to education and the diffusion of knowledge. 2. That
$110,000 of the annual revenue be appropriated to the support of
common schools. 3. That $28,000 be annually transferred to the
Literature Fund, to provide dividends to academies under the visita-
tion of the Regents. The statutes directing the mode of distribut-
ing the revenue have been frequently modified. By the Constitu-
tion of 1846 the Literature Fund was declared to be devoted to
education. According to the statutes at present in force, out of the
income of the United States Deposit Fund, $25,000 is each year
added to the principal of the School Fund; $28,000 is transferred
to the revenue of the Literature. Fund for dividends to academies;
$75,000 is appropriated to the support of common schools; $30,000
is appropriated for the instruction of teachers' classes, and $10,000
for the maintenance of advanced examinations in the academies,
and $3,000 for aid to academies for the purchase of books and
apparatus.
•
ACADEMIC EXAMINATIONS.- The Legislature appropriates annually
$40,000, to be divided among the academies under the visitation of
the Regents. The distribution is directed to be made in proportion
to the number of students in each who are pursuing classical or
higher English studies; that is, studies that are properly academic.
Previous to 1866 the Regents relied on the returns of the academies
to determine the number of qualified scholars. At this time they
arranged to hold simultaneous written examinations in all the acade-
mies under their care, and to grant money in proportion to the num-
ber in attendance of those who could undergo this test. The sub-
jects chosen were arithmetic, English grammar, geography and
spelling. It was deemed just that only those who could pass a fair
and reasonable examination in these subjects were fitted to be classed
as academic scholars. The first effect of this test was to reduce the
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
33.
number of academic scholars from 21,947, claimed in 1865, to less
than 6,000. From that point, owing to improved standards of in-
struction and to the increased attendance in academies, the number.
has steadily risen until, for the year ending June, 1884, it reached
10,873.
The influence of this practical supervision of the instruction was
so salutary, and so much prized by the academies themselves, that
the Legislature, in 1877, authorized its extension to advanced studies,
and in 1880 made the future distribution of the Literature Fund
depend, in part, upon the examinations in these studies. The
Regents, in carrying out this branch of their work, laid down two
courses of academic study, on the subjects of which they proposed to
hold stated examinations. The first of these was intended to form
a sufficient preparation for entering college, and was fixed after
extended correspondence with college authorities. The other was
designed as a course of English studies of a grade equal to the
college entrance course. A liberal number of optional branches was
arranged in order to meet the varying circumstances of schools in
different localities. The candidates are allowed to offer the pre-
scribed subjects in any order and any number, and are credited on
the record when each is passed.
The examinations are held three times in the year. Printed
questions are sent out, and the candidates, under every essential pre-
caution, are required to write out answers. The papers of those who
are claimed to have satisfied the requirements are sent to the office
of the Regents where they are reviewed and their sufficiency or in-
sufficiency determined. Appropriate certificates are issued and
records kept. The preliminary examinations were begun in 1866,
and the advanced examinations in 1878.
The following is a statement of the certificates issued upon these
examinations up to and including the academic year, 1883-4.
CERTIFICATES.
Preliminary Certificates..
Intermediate Certificates.
Academic Diplomas
College Entrance Diplomas
Issued 1883-4. Total issued.
5,835
71,571
1,115
2,729
420
1,216
64
118
As the studies in which the foregoing examinations are held com-
pose the subjects in which instruction is given in the academies, a
statement of these subjects is here given:
5
31
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
First. Before pupils are considered as fitted to enter upon studies,
which are properly academic, and hence to be counted in the appor-
tionment of the Literature Fund, they must have passed the Pre-
liminary Examination, which includes arithmetic, English grammar,
geography, reading and spelling, as requisites for the Regents' Pre-
liminary Certificate. Pass-cards are issued on passing in one or more
of these subjects, and the preliminary certificate when all are
passed.
The advanced examinations are arranged for two courses of
study the College Entrance Course, and the Academic Course. In
the College Entrance Course, a diploma is granted on the comple-
tion of the entire group of subjects given in the fourth column.
In the Academic Course a diploma is granted for algebra (through
quadratics), American history, physical geography, physiology,
rhetoric and plane geometry, together with eight additional sub-
jects, four to be chosen from group I, and four from group II. In
each course a certificate of progress, termed an Intermediate Certifi-
cate, is granted, viz.: in the College Entrance Course for algebra
(through quadratics), American history and Cæsar's Commentaries,
and in the Academic Course for algebra (through quadratics),
American history, physical geography, physiology and rhetoric. The
substitution of language studies for others in the Academic Course
is allowed as follows, viz.: Cæsar's Commentaries and Xenophon's
Anabasis for three subjects, Virgil's Æneid, French translation, or
German translation, for two subjects, and Sallust's Catiline, Virgil's
Eclogues, Cicero's Orations or Homer's Iliad, for one subject; except
that for at least two subjects in group I, and two in group II, and
for algebra (through quadratics), geometry and American history,
no substitution will be allowed. Pass cards are issued to the candi-
date on passing in one or more of the subjects, and when they show
a sufficient number of subjects passed, a claim, including the date.
of preliminary certificate, must be sent to the Regents' office by the
principal, and the certificate or diploma, to which the holder is en-
titled, will be issued.
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
35
SUBJECTS OF THE ACADEMIC COURSE.
INTERMEDIATE.
GROUP I.
Algebra (through quad- Book-keeping.
ratics).
American History.
Physical Geography.
Physiology.
Rhetoric.
SUBSTITUTES IN ACADEMIC
COURSE.
Latin and Greek, col. 4.
French translat'n at sight.
German translat'n at sight.
Civil Government.
English Literature.
History of England.
History of Greece.
History of Rome.
Mental Philosophy.
Moral Philosophy.
Political Economy.
COLLEGE EN-
TRANCE COURSE.
GROUP II.
Algebra (higher).
Astronomy.
Botany.
Chemistry.
Drawing.
Geology.
Physics.
Plane Trigonomet❜y.
Solid Geometry.
Zoölogy.
Plane Geometry required for either
diploma.
Algebra (th. quad.)
American History.
Plane Geometry.
Cæsar's Com., bks.
1-4.
Sallust's Catiline.
Virgil's Eneid,
books 1-6.
Virgil's Eclogues.
Cicero, six oratio's.
Latin Compositi'n.
Xen. Anab., bs. 1-3.
Homer's Iliad, bks.
1-3.
The magnitude of these examinations will appear from the fol-
lowing statement for the academic year 1883-84, showing the
number of subjects to be thirty-nine, and the number of answer
papers sent in and examined at the Regents' office to be 66,028.
DEPARTMENTS OF STUDY.
Number Number Number
of subjects. claimed. allowed.
•
Preliminary studies
Mathematical studies.
Physical sciences
Natural sciences.
English language.
Social sciences..
Philosophy...
...
Ancient languagès.
Modern languages..
Totals.
8
2
4735 Q ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
39,166
31,333
ry
5,519
4,705
1,646
1,362
6,765
6,088
2,220
2,137
7,147
6,623
569
564
2,371
2,210
625
564
39
66,028
55, 586
STATE GRANTS FOR BOOKS AND APPARATUS.-From the origin of
the academic system the Board of Regents found it a valuable aid
to academies to make special grants for the purchase of books, maps
and globes, and philosophical apparatus. What had long been
practiced was put in the form of a law in 1834, when the Regents
were authorized to grant, for this purpose, sums not to exceed $250
in one year to any academy, on condition that the Trustees should
raise an equal amount. This law was re-enacted in 1851, and the
amount of the appropriation fixed at $3,000. This appropriation
was increased to $6,000 by the Legislature in 1884. The Regents
have established regulations in regard to the mode of making ap-
plication for grants from this appropriation, and in regard to the
36
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
character of the articles to be purchased. In order to keep the ap-
plications within the limit of the appropriation, they have fixed the
maximum grant at $150, and do not allow the same academy to
apply for two successive years.
* * *
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.-The plan of em-
ploying the academies of the State for the education of common
school teachers was discussed as early as 1823. Among the laws of
1827 is one entitled "An act to
increase the Literature
Fund and to promote the education of teachers." Even before this
date certain academies had established classes for educating teachers.
In the Report of the Regents for 1832, prepared by General Dix,
then a Regent, St. Lawrence Academy is commended as having
established a course of study for teachers, and sent out eighty dur-
ing the preceding year. And in the report of the next year the
Canandaigua Academy is reported as having, during the past two
years, educated not less than fifty teachers. The Regents in their
reports express regret that by law they could not inake any dis-
crimination in favor of academies which should maintain such classes.
Their establishment was at this time purely voluntary. But in 1834
the Legislature passed an act authorizing the Regents to distribute the
surplus of the revenue of the Literature Fund, which should remain
over $12,000, among the academies which should maintain classes for
educating common school teachers. The Regents in carrying out this
law in 1835, selected eight academies, one in each Senatorial district,
to give this instruction; and appropriated $4,000 for the first organi-
zation of these departments of instruction, and $400 per annum to
each for its support. When the United States Deposit Fund was
received by the State the appropriations for this purpose were
augmented. The number of academies was increased to sixteen,
viz. Two in each district. Aid was extended in the purchase of
books and apparatus. Subsequent changes were made, both by
legislation and by ordinance of the Regents, in the management of
this service. Great difficulties were experienced in selecting the in-
stitutions to give the instruction. The payment made by the State
for instructing a class was eagerly sought after, and it became an un-
gracious task to decide between applicants. Besides this, as the num-
ber of classes was increased it became impossible to give them the
requisite supervision.
The present system, which has been reached after many trials,
and which was embodied in chapter 318 of the Laws of 1882, is, to
appoint each year a varying number of academies to instruct teachers'
INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.
37
classes — distributed, as nearly as may be, so as to accommodate
the demand for such instruction. Each academy appointed is author-
ized to organize a class of not less than ten nor more than twenty-five
members. The instruction is to continue at least ten weeks. As a
condition for enjoying the benefits of this class the candidate must
have passed the Regents' preliminary examination either before en-
tering the class or as a requisite of graduation from it. A curricu-
lum of instruction is prescribed, and a final examination is held. To
those who pass this examination the Regents grant a testimonial of
proficiency, which when indorsed by the school commissioner be-
comes a license to teach in the common schools of his district. For
this service the State pays at the rate of one dollar per week for the
instruction of each scholar. The law above quoted authorized the
Regents to take measures to supervise the classes, and under this
authority they have appointed an inspector who gives his entire time
to the case and visitation of the classes. The following table ex-
hibits the statistics of these classes for the past three years:
TEACHERS' CLASSES.
Number of classes instructed...
Number of scholars reported....
Number of scholars allowed....
Amount paid for instruction
1881-2.
1882-3.
1883-4.
102
95
1,740
1,611
1,605
1,043
$18,706
$12,999
111
1,875
1, 336
$15, 836
SUMMARY STATEMENTS.
The following tables present some im-
portant facts in regard to the academical institutions under the care
of the Board of Regents:
1. STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE.
1882-83.
1883-84.
Number of academies.
256
260
•
Number of teachers...
1,325
1,309
Number of scholars.
32,126
34,162
Number of academic scholars.
10,126
10,873
1
38
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
2. PROPERTY OF INCORPORATED ACADEMIES.
Number of schools....
Value of lots and buildings..
Value of libraries and apparatus……..
Value of other property..
Total value of property
Total indebtedness...
•
1882-83.
1883-84.
81
71
$2,279,245
$2,212,693
179,286
181,957
862,340
791,066
3,322,871
195,567
3,185,716
201,770
3. REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES.
IN THE YEARS.
1879-80.
1880-81.
1881-82.
1882-83.
1883-84,
Number of schools
Total revenue..
Total expenditure.
•
Av'ge expenditure
for each school..
235
252
260
$1,058,776 $1,035,229 $1,195,084 $1,254,990 $1,359, 945
237
|
4,296
1,013,780 1,020,586
4,343
255
|
4,496
1,146,451 1,235,016
4,901
1,385,119
5,327
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL RECORD OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
By FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, M. D., Ph. D.
CHAPTER I.
ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
Before noticing the organization of a Board of Regents, in 1784,
it may be proper to refer back to proceedings had at an earlier period,
in the establishment of a college in New York, which, with the ex-
ception of a few years of interruption during the Revolutionary War,
has been continued to the present time, and since its reorganization,
under the name of "Columbia College."
1
We find as early as 1703 an allusion to an intention of founding
a college upon a part of the "King's Farm" in New York city. It
was thought of again in 1729, but nothing effectual was done until
December 6, 1746, when an act was passed by the General Assembly
of the Colony, for raising the sum of £2,250 by a public lottery, for
the encouragement of learning, and toward founding a College. Other
acts² followed, and toward the end of 1751, the moneys raised, amount-
ing to £3,443 18s. were vested in trustees. Of these, two belonged
to the Dutch Reformed Church, one to the Presbyterian, and seven
to the Church of England. After further delays, and much discus-
sion as to the plan and control of the proposed College, a charter was
granted on the 31st day of October, 1754, under the name of "King's
College."
The trustees of the fund had in November, 1753, invited Dr.
Samuel Johnson to accept the presidency of the intended College.
He removed to New York in April, 1754, and in July following
commenced a school. The College was not properly organized until
the 7th of May, 1755, when formal proceedings were had, and the
¹ Moore's Historical Sketch of Columbia College, page 6. Pratt's Annals of Public
Education in New York (Regents' Convocation, 1873), page 169.
2 These acts are given at length in Pratt's Annals of Education above cited.
40
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
charter delivered to the Governors of the College. This charter
named as Governors, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the first
Lord Commissioner for Trade and Plantations, who might act by
proxy, the Lieutenant-Governor, the eldest Councillor of the Prov-
ince, the Judges of the Supreme Court of Judicature, the Secretary,
the Attorney-General, the Speaker of the General Assembly, the
Treasurer, the Mayor of New York city, the Rector of Trinity
Church, the Senior Minister of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church, the Ministers of the Ancient Lutheran Church, of the
French Church, and of the Presbyterian Church, the President of
the College, and twenty-four citizens of New York city.
On the 13th of May, 1755, a piece of land on the west side of
Broadway, bounded east by Church street, and running between
Barclay and Murray streets, a breadth of four hundred and forty feet
to the Hudson river, was conveyed by the corporation of Trinity
Church to the Governors of the College. Upon the upper part of this
plat, at the foot of what was formerly called upper Robinson street,
and afterward Park Place, the College was built, and there the institu-
tion remained for more than a century. A part not occupied was
leased, and became a valuable endowment to the College.
It is sufficient in this connection to remark, that the College con-
tinued in operation until April, 1776, when the building was taken
for a military hospital and its students dispersed.
About four months after the city of New York had been evacuated
by British troops, a part of the Governors of King's College ad-
dressed the following petition to the State Legislature then in session
in New York city:
"To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New York, the
petition of the Subscribers, Governors of the College, commonly
called King's College, humbly sheweth:
"That the greater part of the Governors of the said college have,
since the commencement of the late war, died out or departed from
this State, whereby a sufficient number of Governors cannot be con-
vened for the carrying on of the business of the said College agree-
ably to its charter; that many parts of the said charter are incon-
sistent with that liberality and that civil and religious freedom which
our present happy Constitution points out, and that an alteration of
that charter in such points as well as an extension of the privileges
of the said College so as to render it the mother of an University to
be established within this State, would tend to diffuse knowledge and
extend literature throughout the State.
"Your petitioners, therefore, influenced by these motives, humbly
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
41
submit the said charter to the revision and correction of the Legis-
lature, so as to render it more adequate to these important ends,
humbly hoping that your honorable body will confirm to the cor-
poration of King's College such estate as was particularly appropri-
ated to its use.
LEONARD LISPENARD,
JOHN LIVINGSTON,
WM. WALTON,
SAMUEL BAYARD, JR.,
GEORGE CLINTON,
RICHARD MORRIS,
JAMES DUANE,
GERARD BANCKER,
EGB'T BENSON,
R. H. LIVINGSTON,
SAMUEL PROVOOST,
JOHN RODGERS,
JOHN MORIN SCOTT.
NEW YORK, 24th March, 1784.”
It will be noticed that several of these persons were influential
members of the State Government. Clinton was Governor; Scott
was Secretary of State; Bancker was State Treasurer; Benson was
Attorney-General, and Duane a State Senator and Mayor of the city
of New York. The others were all men of influence and prominent
in public affairs.
At the beginning of that session of the Legislature, Governor
Clinton, in his message, had made the following reference to the
subject of education, as a subject deserving of attention by that body:
"Neglect of the education of youth is among the evils consequent
on war. Perhaps there is scarce any thing more worthy your atten-
tion than the revival and encouragement of Seminaries of Learning,
and nothing by which we can more satisfactorily express our grati-
tude to the Supreme Being for His past favors, since Piety and
Virtue are generally the offspring of an enlightened understanding."
In Assembly, Mr. Clark, of Orange, two days after, from the
Committee of the Whole House on the speech of his Excellency,
reported a resolution for the appointment of a committee to prepare
a bill for the establishment of seminaries and schools, and it was done
accordingly. Similar proceedings were had in the Senate very soon
after, and thus the subject was brought before the Legislature in
both Houses, near the beginning of that session, about two months
before the petition from a part of the Governors of King's College
had been presented.
6
42
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
9
A bill for establishing a University had already been reported.¹ In
its discussion, a resolution was offered substituting a sum of money
in place of the words "forty thousand bushels of wheat," but not
adopted. Another, proposing to put the subject over to the next
session, was voted down, and the bill became a law on the first day
of May, 1784, as follows:2
"An act granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called
King's College, for altering the name and charter thereof, and
erecting an University within this State.”
3
PASSED the 1st day of May, 1784.
[Chap. LI, Laws of 7th Session (folio), p. 69.]
WHEREAS, By letters-patent under the Great Seal of the late Colony
of New York, bearing date the 31st day of October, in the twenty-
eighth year of the reign of George the Second, the King of Great
Britain, a certain body politic and corporate was created by the
name of The Governors of the College of New York, in the city of
New York, in America, with divers privileges, capacities and immu-
nities, as in and by the said patent will more fully appear; and
'WHEREAS, There are many vacancies in the said corporation,
occasioned by the death or absence of a great number of the Gov-
ernors of the said College, whereby the succession is so greatly broke
in upon as to require the interposition of the Legislature;
¹ In a letter written by the Rev, John H. Livingston, D. D., to the Rev. Nicho-
olas Romeyn (both on the first Board of Regents) we find an allusion to the sub-
ject under discussion in the Board of Governors of Kings College, which shows
that some differences of opinion existed with respect to the proposed plan of re-
organization. Under date of March 18, 1784, he said :
That evening when I parted with you, the Governors of the College met, and
a bill for erecting a University in the State of New York was read to us. Many
observations upon the bill, in the form it then bore, were made, and some altera-
tions were strongly urged. The alterations insisted upon were not essential with
respect to the basis of the University, but only the form in which the matter was
managed. There is no opposition from any quarter which occasions the least
doubt but the business will be conducted with that spirit of catholicism and har-
mony which will insure a literary foundation of importance to the Church and
State. As soon as the bill has obtained its proper alterations, and gone through
its different stages, I will endeavor to obtain a copy for you, and send it over to
you." (Gunn's Memoirs of Dr. Livingston, p. 270.)
2 The original draft of this bill is preserved among the New York State Legis-
lative papers (MSS.) in the New York State Library, being No. 274 of the series.
The original title appears to have been "An act for granting certain new privileges
to the colledge heretofore called King's Colledge, for altering the name and
erecting the same into a university." A critical account of the erasures and changes
made in the bill while passing through the two Houses is given in Mr. Pratt's
article, above cited:
3 1754.
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
43
WHEREAS, The remaining Governors of the said College, de-
sirous of rendering the same extensively useful, have prayed that
the said College may be erected into an University, and that such
other alterations may be made in the charter, or letters of incorpora-
tion above recited, as may render them more conformable to the
liberal principles of the Constitution of the State:
I. Be it, therefore, enacted by the People of the State of New
York, represented in Senate and Assembly, and it is hereby enacted
by the authority of the same, That all the rights, privileges and im-
munities heretofore vested in the corporation heretofore known by
the name of The Governors of the College of the Province of New
York in the city of New York, in America, so far as they relate to
the capacity of holding or disposing of property, either real or per-
sonal, of suing or being sued, of making laws or ordinances for their
own government, or that of their servants, pupils and others under
their care and subject to their direction, of appointing, displacing
and paying stewards, and other inferior servants; of making, hold-
ing and having a common seal, of altering and changing the same at
pleasure, be and they are hereby vested in the Regents of the Uni-
versity of the State of New York, who are hereby erected into a
corporation or a body corporate and politic, and enabled to hold,
possess and enjoy the above-mentioned rights, franchises, privileges
and immunities, together with such others as are contained in this
act, by the name and style of The Regents of the University of the
State of New York, of whom the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor,
the President of the Senate for the time being, the Speaker of the
Assembly, the Mayor of the city of New York, the Mayor of the
city of Albany, the Attorney-General and the Secretary of the State,
respectively, for the time being, be and they hereby are severally con-
stituted perpetual Regents, in virtue of their several and respective
offices, places and stations; and together with other persons herein-
after named, to the number of twenty-four, to-wit: Henry Brock-
holst Livingston and Robert Harpur, of the city of New York;
Walter Livingston and Christopher Yates, of the county of Albany;
Anthony Hoffman and Cornelius Humfrey, of the county of Dutchess;
Lewis Morris and Philip Fell, Jr., of the county of Westchester;
Henry Wisner and John Haring, of the county of Orange; Chris-
topher Tappen and James Clinton, of the county of Ulster; Chris-
topher P. Yates and James Livingston, of the county of Montgomery;
Abraham Bancker and John C. Dongan, of the county of Richmond;
Matthew Clarkson and Rutger Van Brunt, of the county of Kings;
James Townsend and Thomas Lawrence, of the county of Queens;
Ezra L'Hommedieu and Caleb Smith, of the county of Suffolk, and
John Williams and John McCrea, of the county of Washington, be
and they hereby are appointed Regents of the said University; and
it shall and may be lawful to and for the clergy of the respective
religious denominations in this State to meet at such time and place
as they shall deem proper after the passing of this act, and being so
met shall, by a majority of voices of those who shall so meet, choose
4t
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and appoint one of their body to be a Regent in the said University;
and, in case of death or resignation, to choose and appoint another
in the same manner; and the Regent so chosen and appointed shall
have the like powers as any other Regent appointed or to be ap-
pointed by virtue of this act. And to the end that a succession of
Regents be perpetually kept up:
II. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
whenever and so often as one or more of the Regents of the said
University, not being such in virtue of his or their office, place or
station, shall remove his or their place of residence from within
this State, shall resign or die, that the place or places of such
Regent or Regents so removing, resigning or dying, shall be filled
up by the Governor, or person administering the government of the
State for the time being, by and with the advice and consent of
the Council of Appointment, so that such appointments be of per-
sons resident in the counties, respectively, wherein the former
Regents did reside, other than where such vacancy may happen, of
a Regent appointed by the clergy as aforesaid.
III. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
as soon as may be after the passing of this act, the Regents of the
said University shall, by plurality of voices, choose a Chancellor,
a Vice-Chancellor a Treasurer, and a Secretary from among the said
Regents; the said Chancellor, or in his absence the Vice-Chancellor,
to preside at all elections and other meetings to be held by the said
Regents, and to have the casting vote upon every division; and
for the well ordering and directing of the said corporation:
IV. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the
Regents of the said University, or a majority of them, shall be,
and hereby are vested with full power and authority to ordain and
make ordinances and by-laws for the government of the several
Colleges which may or shall compose the said University; and
the several presidents, professors, tutors, fellows, pupils and serv-
ants thereof; and for the management of such estate as they may
and shall be invested with; that they shall have full power and
authority to determine the salaries of the officers and servants of
the said College; to remove from office any such president, professor,
Tutor, Fellow, or servant, as they conceive, after a full hearing, to
have abused their trust, or to be incompetent thereto. Provided,
nevertheless, That no fine to be levied by virtue of the said laws or
ordinances shall exceed the value of one bushel of. wheat for any
one offense, and that no pupil or student shall be suspended for
a longer term than twenty days, or be rusticated or expelled, but
upon a fair and full hearing of the parties by the Chancellor or
Vice-Chancellor of the said University, and at least ten of the
Regents, not being President or Professors of the College to which
the person accused belongs, or under whose immediate direc-
tions the same may be; and the said Regents are hereby further
empowered and directed, as soon as may be, to elect a President and
Professors for the College heretofore called King's College, which
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
45
President shall continue in place during the pleasure of the Regents
of the University. And that from and after the first election, the
said President and all future Presidents shall be elected from out of
the Professors of the several colleges that may or shall compose the
said University; and that no Professor shall be in any wise whatso-
ever, accounted intelligible' for, or by reason of any religious tenet
or tenets that he may or shall possess, or be compelled by any by-
law, or otherwise, to take any religious test-oath whatsoever.
And to the end that the intention of the donors and benefactors.
of the said before mentioned college be not defeated,
V. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That all
the estate, whether real or personal, which the said Governors of the
corporation of King's College held by virtue of the said before-
mentioned charter, be held and possessed by the said Regents, and
applied solely to the use of the said college; and that the said Re-
gents may, and they hereby are empowered to receive and hold for
the use of the said college, an estate of the annual value of three
thousand and five hundred pounds, in manner specified in the said
first above recited charter or letters-patent of incorporation; and for
the further promotion of learning and the extension of literature.
VI. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the
said Regents may hold and possess estates, real and personal, to the
annual amount of forty thousand bushels of wheat, over and above
all profits arising from room-rent or tuition money, and that, when-
ever any lands, tenements or hereditaments, or other estate, real or
personal, shall be given, granted or conveyed to the Regents of the
University of the State, without expressing any designation thereof,
such estate shall be applied in such manner as to the said Regents
shall seem most advantageous to the said University.
Provided, always, That whenever any gift, grant, bequest, devise,
or conveyance, shall express the particular use to which the same is to
be applied, if adequate thereto, it shall be so applied and no other-
wise.
VII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the said Regents be, and they hereby are empowered, to found
schools and Colleges in any such part of this State as may seem ex-
pedient to them, and to endow the same, vesting such Colleges so
endowed with full and ample powers to confer the degrees of
Bachelor of Arts, and directing the manner in which such Col-
leges are to be governed, always reserving to the Chancellor and
Vice-Chancellor of the University, and a certain number of the
Regents to be appointed by a majority of the said Regents, a right
to visit and examine into the state of literature in such College, and
to report to the Regents at large any deficiency in the laws of such
College, or neglect in the execution thereof, every such school or
College being at all times to be deemed a part of the University, and
¹ Thus in folio edition of laws; evidently intended for “ineligible.” The word
is correctly spelled in the MSS. law in Secretary's office.
46
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
as such, subject to the controul and direction of the said Regents;
and if it should so happen that any person or persons, or any body
politic or corporate, should, at his or their expense, found any College
or school, and endow the same with an estate, real or personal, of
the yearly value of one thousand bushels of wheat, that such school
or College shall, on the application of the founder or founders, or
their heirs or successors, be considered as composing a part of the said
University; and the estate thereunto annexed shall be and hereby is
vested in the said Regents of the University, to be applied according
to the intention of the donor; and that the said founder and founders,
and their heirs, or if a body corporate, their successors, shall be, and
hereby are forever hereafter entitled to send a representative for
such College or school, who, together with the President, (if the
estate be applied to the use of the College), shall be and they hereby
are at all times hereafter to be considered as Regents of the said
University, and vested with like powers and authorities in all things
as in and by this act is given to the other Regents of the said Uni-
versity, and the said College or school shall, in all things not par-
ticularly restricted by the donor, conform to the general laws and
regulations of the said University.
Provided, That nothing in this act contained shall be construed
to deprive any person or persons of the right to erect such schools
or Colleges as to him or them may seem proper, independent of
the said University.
VIII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
whenever any religious body or society of men shall deem it proper
to institute a Professorship in the said University, for the promo-
tion of their particular religious tenets, or for any other purpose
not inconsistent with religion, morality, and the laws of the State,
and shall appropriate a fund for that purpose, not being less than
two hundred bushels of wheat per annum, that the Regents of the
said University shall cause the same to be applied as the donors
shall direct, for the purposes above mentioned; the said Professors so
to be appointed, to be subject to the like rules, laws and ordinances,
as other the Professors of the said University, and entitled to the
like immunities and privileges.
IX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the said Regents and their successors forever shall and may have
full power and authority, by the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor of
the said University, or any other person or persons by them author-
ized or appointed, to give and grant to any of the students of the
said University, or to any person or persons thought worthy thereof,
all such degrees as well in divinity, philosophy, civil and municipal
laws, as in every other art, science and faculty whatsoever, as are or
may be conferred by all or any of Universities in Europe; and that
the Chancellor, or in his absence the Vice-Chancellor, of the said Uni-
versity, for the time being, do sign and seal with the seal of the said
corporation, diplomas or certificates of such degrees having been
given, other than the degree of Bachelor of Arts, which shall and
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
47
may be granted by the President of the College in which the person
taking the same shall have been graduated, and the diplomas shall
be signed by the said President; that the persons to be elected
fellows, professors or tutors as aforesaid, be also Regents of the said
University, ex officiis, and capable of voting in every case relative
only to the respective Colleges to which they shall belong, excepting
in such cases wherein they shall respectively be personally concerned
or interested.
X. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the
college within the city of New York, heretofore called King's Col-
lege, be forever hereafter called and known by the name of "Colum-
bia College."
Upon the 5th of May, a quorum was obtained and the following
appointments to office were made by the Board:
Chancellor -His Excellency, GOVERNOR CLINTON.
Vice-Chancellor-The Hon. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, Lieutenant-
Governor.
Treasurer-BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON, Esq.
Secretary- ROBERT HARPUR, Esq.
The Treasurer was instructed to demand and receive from the late
Treasurer and Clerk of King's College all records, papers and prop-
erty, giving receipts therefor. The new Treasurer was required to
give bonds; a committee for repairing the building was appointed,
and measures were adopted for filling, without delay, the various
offices in the faculty, and in the administration of the affairs of the
College. A seal was ordered to be prepared, the occasions for its
use prescribed; - a committee was authorized to send a person to
France to solicit subscriptions, and measures were to be adopted for
obtaining aid in other countries of Europe, as might be judged most
effectual, and attended with the least expense.
1
On the 17th of May, DeWitt Clinton presented himself as a candi-
date for admission to the junior class, was examined, and admitted
as the first student under the new organization. A grammar school
was instituted under Mr. Wm. Cochran, who previously had a private
school in the city, and he was made temporarily an instructor in
Greek and Latin. The Rev. John Peter Tetard, who had been ap-
1 On the 4th of June, Col. Clarkson, one of the Regents, was appointed to pro-
ceed to France and the United Netherlands to solicit funds, and he accepted the
appointment without pay, beyond his expenses. He was furnished with credentials,
and authorized to purchase such philosophical apparatus for the college as Dr.
Franklin, Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, ministers of the United States, might
advise, and as his collections would admit.
48
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
pointed professor of French at the first meeting, was allowed to move
his school into the College.
Although much zeal was shown by this Board of Regents, as
Trustees of the College, in the recovery and care of funds, and in the
organization of a faculty, it became apparent that the act above given
required amendment, by reducing the number necessary for a quorum
and in some other respects, in order to render it more easily and
effectual in its operation. An amendatory act was accordingly
obtained at the next session, as follows:
"An act to amend an act, entitled 'An act for granting cer-
tain privileges to the College heretofore called King's College, for
altering the name and charter thereof, and erecting an University
within this State.' Passed the 1st day of May, 1784.” 1
PASSED 26th November, 1784.
[Chap. XV, Laws of 8th Session (folio), p. 23.]
WHEREAS, It is represented to the Legislature, that from the dis-
persed Residences of many of the Regents of the University of this
State, and the largeness of the quorum which are made capable of
business, the interest and prosperity of the said University have been
greatly obstructed. And it is also represented that certain doubts
have arisen in the construction of the act, entitled "An act for
granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called King's
College, for altering the name and charter thereof, and erecting an.
University within this State, passed the first day of May, 1784.”
For remedy whereof :
I. Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York, rep-
resented in Senate and Assembly, and it is hereby enacted by
the Authority of the same, That in addition to the Regents ap-
pointed in and by the before-mentioned act, the several per-
sons hereinafter named shall be, and hereby respectively are
constituted, Regents of the said University (that is to say),
John Jay, Samuel Provost, John H. Livingston, John Rodgers,
John Mason, John Ganoe, John Daniel Gros, Johann Ch. Kunze,
Joseph Delaplain, Gersham Seixas, Alexander Hamilton, John
Lawrence, John Rutherford, Morgan Lewis,2 Leonard Lispenard,
John Cochran, Charles McKnight, Thomas Jones, Malachi Treat
and Nicholas Romain, of New York; Peter W. Yates, Matthew
Visscher and Hunlock Woodruff, of Albany; George J. L. Doll,
of Ulster; John Vanderbilt, of Kings; Thomas Romain, of Mont-
gomery; Samuel Buel, of Suffolk; Gilbert Livingston, of Dutchess;
Nathan Kerr, of Orange; Ebenezer Lockwood, of Westchester;
John Lloyd, Jr., of Queens; Harmanus Garrison, of Richmond;
¹ See "Legislative Papers," No. 384, State Library.
2 The name of Aaron Burr was in the original draft, at this place.
3
³ This name and all the following ones were inserted by way of amendment.
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
49
and Ebenezer Russel, of Washington. And that the said respective
Regents hereby constituted shall enjoy the same power and authority
as are granted to, and vested in, the other Regents appointed by the
said act as fully and effectually as if they had been therein expressly
named.
II. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it
shall and may be lawful to and for the Chancellor of the said Uni-
versity, and in his absence the Vice-Chancellor, and in the absence
of both the Regent next nominated in the before-mentioned act,
who shall be present, together with any eight or more of the Regents,
duly convened, to form a quorum of Regents for the dispatch of the
business and affairs of the said University, whose acts and proceed-
ings shall be as valid and effectual to all intents and purposes as if
all the members of the said Regency were actually present; Pro-
vided, always, That to constitute a legal meeting of the Regents the
time and place for holding the same shall be previously fixed by the
Chancellor, or in his absence the Vice-Chancellor, or in the absence
of both the Regent next nominated in the said act, by writing under
his hand and notice thereof, signed by the Secretary of the Univer-
sity, shall previously be advertised in one of the public newspapers
for at least two weeks, to give all the Regents within a convenient
distance an opportunity of attending.
III. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
there shall be an annual meeting of the Regents of the said Uni-
versity, which shall be held at the time and place where the Legis-
lature shall first be convened, after the first Monday of July in every
year, and that at every such meeting the acts and proceedings of the
Regents of the said University shall be reported and examined.
IV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
it shall and may be lawful to, and for the clergy of each respective
religious denomination in this State, respectively to meet at such
time and place as they shall deem proper, after the passing of this
act, and then and there, by a majority of voices of the members of
each respective denomination so assembled, to elect one of each of
their respective bodies to be a Regent of the said University, and
in case of death or resignation, to elect successors in the same man-
ner; and every Regent so elected shall have the like powers as
any Regent constituted by this act, or the act hereby amended.
V. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the next meeting of the Regents of the said University shall be held
at the Senate chamber, the day after the rising of the Legislature,
if that day shall not happen on Sunday, in which case the said meet-
ing shall be held on the day succeeding, and a sufficient quorum of
the Regents being assembled, shall have power to adjourn from time
to tine, and to any place they shall think fit for the dispatch of the
business of the said University.
VI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
it shall and may be lawful to and for the Treasurer of this State,
and he is hereby authorized and required to advance to the Treasurer
7
50
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
of the said University for the use of Columbia College, a sum not
exceeding £2,552, for which the said Regents shall be accountable,
out of the funds of the said Columbia College."
During the following winter various Professors in the several de-
partments were appointed, a Steward established in the College for
the boarding of students and care of property, the lands not needed
for present use were leased, and a Medical Faculty organized.
The College was still without a President; and on the 4th of April,
1785, it was resolved:
"That from the deranged state of, and great losses which the funds
of Columbia College have sustained, they do not think the Regency
have it in their power to offer such a salary as will be an inducement
to a respectable character to accept the office of President; they,
therefore, report that the present Professors in the Faculty of Arts
shall be requested to execute the office of President for one year by
monthly rotation.”
This plan being adopted, the Regents found themselves left to the
expedient of granting certificates to their graduates at the first com-
mencement in 1786, showing that the holders were entitled to the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, as soon as a President should be ap-
pointed who could grant it.
It does not appear from the records that a farther attempt was
made to fill the office of President by this Board of Regents, and this
was not done until a separate Board of Trustees had been created
under the reorganization to be soon noticed.
Although the Regents under the act of 1784 were empowered to
found schools and colleges, it does not appear that any thing was
accomplished in this matter, although the subject was not forgotten.
At a meeting held February 28, 1786, on motion of Dr. Livingston
it was ordered "that a committee be appointed to consider of ways
and means of promoting literature throughout the State, and that
Dr. Livingston, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Mason, General Schuyler, Mr.
Wisner, Mr. Haring, Mr. James Livingston, Mr. John, Mr. Dongan,
Mr. Clarkson, Mr. Townsend, Mr. L'Hommedieu and Mr. Williams
be a committee for that purpose.
An application was presented February 8, 1787, from Samuel Buell,
Nathaniel Gardiner and David Mulford in behalf of themselves and
other founders of an academy at East Hampton, in Suffolk county,
was read and referred to Mr. L'Hommedieu, Mr. Tredwell, Mr.
Stoutenburgh and Mr. Vanderbilt. The object of the petition is
not mentioned, but it was doubtless for the incorporation of the in-
stitution afterward known as Clinton Academy.
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
51
But in the meantime the experience of three years had brought to
notice serious defects in the law under which this first Board of
Regents had been organized. Upon the last day of January, 1787,
a committee, consisting of the Mayor (Mr. Duane), Mr. Jay, Dr.
Rodgers, Dr. Mason, Dr. Livingston, Gen. Clarkson, Mr. Gros and
Mr. Hamilton, was appointed, to consider the measures necessary to
carry into effect the views of the Legislature with respect to the Uni-
versity, and particularly with respect to Columbia College.
committee reported February 16, 1787, as follows:
This
"First. With respect to the University. It appears to your com-
mittee that the acts by which it is constituted are defective and
require amendment in the following particulars. Although in the
first instance the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor of the University
are eligible by the Regents; no provision is made for supplying
the vacancies which may happen in either of those offices. No effect-
ual means are appointed for the convening of the Regents. The
right of adjournment is unascertained. The annual meetings pre-
scribed by the first act are not sufficiently definite. The presiding
Regent at any meeting in the absence of the official Regents is not
accurately described. These are objections in point of form evi-
dently occasioned by the haste in which the act must have been
prepared, amidst the multiplicity of business which employed the
attention of the Legislature during their first session after the peace.
But your committee are of opinion that to render the University
beneficial according to the liberal views of the Legislature, altera-
tions will also be necessary in the substance of its Constitution.
At present, the Regents are the only body corporate for literary
purposes. In them are not only the funds, but the government and
direction of every College are exclusively vested, while from their dis-
persed situation, it must be out of their power to bestow all the care
and attention which are peculiarly necessary for the well-being and
prosperity of such institutions. Experience has already shown that
Regents living remote from each other cannot with any convenience
form a board for business. The remedy adopted by the second act
was to reduce the quorum to a small number; but thus placing the
rights of every college in the hands of a few individuals, your com-
mittee have reason to believe, excited jealousy and dissatisfaction,
when the interest of literature require that all should be united.
These reasons, without entering into a more full discussion, your
committee conceive to ground their opinion that each respective Col-
lege ought to be intrusted to a distinct corporation, with competent
powers and privileges, under such subordination to the Regents as
shall be thought wise and salutary.
Secondly. Your committee are of opinion that liberal protection
and encouragement ought to be given to Academies for the instruc-
tion of youth in the languages and useful knowledge; these Acade-
52
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
mies, though under the grade of Colleges, are highly beneficial, but
owing their establishment to private benevolences, labor under dis-
advantages which ought to be removed; their property can only be
effectually preserved and secured by vesting them in incorporated
trustees. This act of justice to the benefactors and to the county
town wherein any such institution may have taken place, by fixing
a permanent superintendence, would greatly contribute to the in-
troduction of able teachers and the preservation of the morals of
the students as well as their progress in learning. Your committee
also conceive that privileges may be granted to such Academies, which
will render them more respectable, and be a strong incitement to
emulation and diligence both in the teachers and scholars.
Your committee beg leave to submit the draft of a bill for the
purposes they have suggested, to the consideration of the Regents;
the provision which it details so fully explains the views and senti-
ments of your committee, that it is needless to be more explicit in
this report. But before your committee conclude, they feel them-
selves bound in faithfulness to add that the erecting public schools
for teaching reading, writing and arithmetic is an object of very
great importance, which ought not to be left to the discretion of
private men, but be promoted by public authority. Of so much
knowledge no citizen ought to be destitute, and yet it is a reflection,
as true as it is painful, that but too many of our youth are brought up
in utter ignorance. This is a reproach under which we have long
labored, unmoved by the example of our neighbors, who, not leaving
the education of their children to chance, have widely diffused
throughout their State a public provision for such instruction.
Your committee are sensible that the Regents are invested with
no funds of which they have the disposal, but nevertheless conceive
it to be their duty to bring the subject in view before the honorable
the Legislature, who can alone provide a remedy.
By order of the commitee,
JAMES DUANE,
Chairman.
This report was adopted, and the President of the Board was re-
quested to present it to the Legislature, with the draft of a bill accom-
panying the same.
A report was introduced the next day in the Senate by Ezra
L'Hominedieu, of Suffolk county, from the committee to which a
petition for the incorporation of an Academy at East Hampton had
been referred, in which this committee expressed an opinion that it
would be proper to bring in a bill "for erecting an University and
for granting certain privileges to Colleges and Academies within this
State, and for repealing the acts therein mentioned." This was
allowed, and Mr. L'Hommedieu was ordered to prepare and bring
in a bill for that purpose. A bill was at once presented, and read
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
53
the first time on that day.' On the next day it was read the second
time, and sent to the committee of the whole.
It does not appear from the record whether this bill was the same
one that had been prepared by the Regents or another one, but there
is ground for supposing it to have been different, from the following
proceedings had by the Regents on the 8th of March more than
a week afterward:
Ordered, That the Secretary affix the University seal to the
report of the committee of the Regency to be presented to the
Legislature.
Resolved, That a committee of ex-members of the Regency be
appointed to consider the most proper means for procuring an act
of the Legislature for amending the charter of the University either
in conformity to the bill directed to be presented by the resolution
of the Board of the 15th of February last, or with such altera-
tions as may be found necessary, and that they report to the Regency
at the next meeting, and that the Speaker of the Assembly (Rich-
ard Varick, of New York), the Mayor of New York (James Duane),
Col. Hamilton, Mr. Williams, Mr. L'Hommedieu and Mr. Jay be a
committee for that purpose.
On the 12th of March another meeting was held, and the com-
mittee reported that they had made some progress in the business,
and requested leave to sit again, which was agreed to.
At another meeting of the Regents, held March 15th, Colonel
'The promptness with which this order was complied with, seems to indicate
that a bill had already been prepared, and that it was in readiness for use.
Was
it the same bill that had been in course of preparation in the first Board of Regents?
Upon this depends the question of the claims that have been urged in behalf of
Mr. L'Hommedieu as the originator of the law of 1787. It is evident that the
subject was under active discussion among many persons, and there does not ap-
pear to have been any controversy over the law then enacted, which appears to
have been the one prepared by the Board itself. In saying this, we do not wish
to detract from the reputation of Mr. L'Hommedieu, who was one of the foremost
men of his day in the active promotion of measures for the public good.
EZRA L'HOMMEDIEU was born in Southold, Suffolk county, N. Y., August 30,
1734, and graduated at Yale College in 1754, studied law, and became eminent
in his profession. He was a member of the Provincial Congress through its
whole period; a member of Assembly from 1777 to 1783, and of the State Senate
from 1784 to 1809, excepting in 1793. While a member of the Legislature, he
was appointed a Delegate in the Continental Congress in 1779, '80, '81, '82 and '88,
and he held the office of County Clerk of Suffolk county, with the exception of
one year, from 1784 to 1811. He was appointed one of the Regents in the act of
1784, and again in 1787, and held this office till his death, September 27, 1811.
In fact, his whole life, from the beginning of the Revolution till the day of his
death, was devoted to the public service. He was much interested in agricultural
pursuits, and, by precept and example, did much to advance this interest.
54
噶
​UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Hamilton, from the committee appointed to consider the most
proper means for procuring an act of the Legislature for amending
the charter of the University, reported a bill to be laid before the
Legislature, which, being read once, was again read by paragraphs,
and on coming to the clause wherein the names of a number of per-
sons were inserted as Trustees for Columbia College, some changes
were proposed, but not adopted. These proposed to omit the name.
of George Clinton, and to leave out of the new Board of Regents
the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor.
The question was then put upon the bill and amendments, and
carried in the affirmative.
A bill entitled "An act to institute an University within this
State, and for other purposes therein mentioned," was reported from
the Committee of the Whole in the Senate March 19th, and passed
by that body upon that day. It appeared in the Assembly the next
day, and after discussion and amendments,' was passed on the 11th
of April. It was accepted by the Senate with the amendments on
the 12th, and became a law by approval of the Council of Revision
on the 13th, as follows:
An act to institute an University within this State, and for other
purposes therein mentioned."
PASSED the 13th of April, 1787.
[Chap. LXXXII, Laws of 10th Session (folio), p. 156.]
WHEREAS, By two acts of the Legislature of the State of New
York, the one passed the first day of May, and the other the
¹ Among the amendments offered but not accepted was one directing the Com-
missioners of the Land Office to grant letters patent to the Regents for the litera-
ture lots reserved in the law of May 5, 1786, for the sale of unappropriated lands.
Another amendment proposed but not adopted would have allowed the Regents
to grant their approbation of proposed Colleges, allowing a convenient time for
completing the same. If, at the expiration of this time, the conditions were ful-
filled, full charters of incorporation were to be granted, with all the corporate
rights and privileges enjoyed by Columbia College.
This rejected clause was reconsidered April 6th, and then adopted. Alexander
Hamilton, then in Assembly, voted in favor of this amendment upon both occa-
sions. The motion made for reconsideration in Committee of the Whole was offered
by the Speaker, Mr. Varick, and the amendment was passed by a vote of 27 to 12.
An engrossed copy of the records of the Regents from 1784 to 1787 was made
in 1857, by order of the Trustees of Columbia College, from the original in their
possession, and presented to the Regents of the University. The Hon. Erastus C.
Benedict, one of the Regents, was particularly instrumental in procuring this
It was printed entire, in connection with Mr. Pratt's "Annals of Public
Education," in the Regents' Report of 1876.
copy.
2 See "Legislative Papers," Nos. 382, 383, 384, State Library.
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
55
twenty-sixth day of November, 1784, an University is instituted
within this State, in the manner and with the powers therein speci-
fied; And,
WHEREAS, From the representation of the Regents of the said
University, it appears that there are defects in the constitution
of the said University, which call for alterations and amendments;
And,
WHEREAS, A number of acts on the same subject, amending, cor-
recting and altering former ones, tend to render the same less intel-
ligible and easy to be understood. Wherefore, to the end that the
constitution of the said University may be properly amended, and
appear entire in one law, it will be expedient to delineate and estab
lish the same in this, and repeal all former acts relative thereto :
I. Be it enacted, by the People of the State of New York, repre-
sented in Senate and Assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the
authority of the same, That an University be and is hereby insti-
tuted within this State, to be called and known by the name or
style of The Regents of the University of the State of New York.
That the said Regents shall always be twenty-one in number, of
which the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the State for the
time being shall always, in virtue of their offices, be two; that the
Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, and John Rodgers, Egbert
Benson, Philip Schuyler, Ezra L'Hommedieu, Nathan Carr, Peter
Sylvester, John Jay, Dirck Romeyn, James Livingston, Ebenezer
Russell, Lewis Morris, Matthew Clarkson, Benjamin Moore, Eilardus
Westerlo, Andrew King, William Lynn, Jonathan G. Tompkins,
John McDonald, and Frederick William de Steuben, shall be, and
hereby are appointed the present Regents; and they, and all the
future Regents, shall continue in place during the pleasure of the
Legislature; that all vacancies in the Regency which may happen
by death, or removal, or resignation, shall from time to time be sup-
plied by the Legislature, in the manner in which delegates to Con-
gress are appointed. That the said Regents, as soon as may be after
the passing of this act, shall convene at such time and place as the
Governor shall appoint, and by plurality of voices, by ballot, choose
a Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, to continue in office during the
pleasure of the said Regents. That the said Chancellor, or in his
absence from the said meeting, the Vice-Chancellor, or in case both
be absent, then the senior Regent present (whose seniority shall be
decided by the order in which the Regents are named or appointed),
shall preside; and in case of division, having a casting voice at all
meetings of the said Regents.
That all meetings of the said Regents, after the first, shall be held
at such time and place as the Chancellor, or in case of his death,
absence from the State, the Vice-Chancellor, or in case of the death,
absence from the State, or resignation of both of them, then at
such time and place as the senior Regent present in the State shall
appoint. And it shall be the duty of the Chancellor, Vice-Chan-
cellor or senior Regent, as the case in virtue of the above contin-
56
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
gencies may be, to order and call a meeting of the said, Regents,
whenever and as often as three Regents shall in writing apply for
and request the same; such order or call to be published in one or
more of the public newspapers in the city of New York, at least
ten days prior to such meeting.
And further, that any eight of the said Regents, meeting at the
time and place so ordered, shall be a quoruin, and be enabled to
transact and do the business which by this act shall be authorized or
directed to do and transact.
That the said University shall be and hereby is incorporated, and
shall be known by the name of The Regents of the University of
the State of New York, and by that name shall have perpetual suc-
cession and power to sue and be sued; to hold property, real and
personal, to the amount of the annual income of forty thousand
bushels of wheat; to buy and sell, and otherwise lawfully dispose of
lands and chattels; to make and use a common seal, and to alter the
same at pleasure.
II. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the said corporation shall appoint by ballot a Treasurer and Secretary,
to continue in office during the pleasure of the corporation. That
the Treasurer shall keep fair and true accounts of all moneys by him
received and paid out; and that the Secretary shall keep a fair jour-
nal of the meetings and proceedings of the corporation, in which the
yeas and nays on all questions shall be entered, if required by any
one of the Regents present. And to all the books and papers of the
corporation every Regent shall always have access, and be permitted
to take copies of them.
III. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Regents, and they are
hereby authorized and required to visit and inspect all the Colleges,
Academies and Schools which are or may be established in this State,
examine into the state and system of education and discipline therein,
and make a yearly report thereof to the Legislature; and also to visit
every College in this State once a year by themselves or by their
committees; and yearly to report the state of the same to the Legis-
lature; and to make such by-laws and ordinances, not inconsistent
with the Constitution and Laws of the State, as they may judge most
expedient for the accomplishment of the trust hereby reposed in
them.
And in case the Trustees of the said Colleges, or any of them, shall
leave the office of President of the College, or the Trustees of any
Academy shall leave the office or place of Principal of the Academy
vacant for the space of one year, it shall in all such cases be lawful
for the Regents, unless a reasonable cause shall be assigned for such
delay, to their satisfaction, to fill up such vacancies; and the persons
by them appointed shall continue in office during the pleasure of the
Regents, and shall respectively be received by the College or Academy
to which they may be appointed, and shall have all the powers, and
exactly the same salary, emoluments and privileges as his next imme-
N
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENts.
57
diate predecessor in office enjoyed, if any predecessor he had; if not,
then such salary, as the Regents shall direct, to be paid by the Trus-
tees, who shall, out of the funds or estate of their College or Academy,
be compellable by the said President or Principal to pay the same.
IV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the said Regents shall have the right of conferring, by diplomas.
under their common seal [upon], any person or persons whom they
may think worthy thereof, all such degree or degrees above or beyond
those of Bachelor or Master of Arts, as are known to and usually
granted by any University or College in Europe.
V. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Regents, from time to
time, to apply such part of their estate and funds in such manner as
they may think most conducive to the promotion of literature and
the advancement of useful knowledge within this State. Provided,
always, That where grants shall be made to them for certain uses
and purposes therein expressed and declared, the same shall not be
applied, either in whole or in part, to any other uses.
VI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the Regents shall annually meet on the second Thursday next after the
Senate and Assembly, at the annual session of the Legislature, shall
have formed a quorum respectively, and at the Assembly chamber
immediately after the Assembly shall have adjourned. That the
said Regents, at such meetings, and all others, may adjourn from
time to time, not exceeding ten days at any one time.
VII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
any citizen or citizens, or bodies corporate, within this State, being
minded to found a College at any place within the same, he or they
shall, in writing, make known to the Regents the place where, the
plan on which, and the funds with which it is intended to found
and provide for the same, and who are proposed for the first Trustees;
and in case the said Regents shall approve thereof, then they shall
declare their approbation by an instrument under their common
seal, and allow a convenient time for completing the same. And if ·
at the expiration of the said time it shall appear, to the satisfaction
of the Regents, that the said plan and propositions are fully executed,
then they shall, by act under their common seal, declare that the
said College to be named as the founders shall signify, and with
such trustees, not exceeding twenty-four, nor less than ten, as they
shall name, shall forthwith become incorporated, and shall have
perpetual succession, and enjoy all the corporate rights and privileges
enjoyed by Columbia College, hereinafter mentioned.
VIII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the charter heretofore granted to the Governors of the College of the
Province of New York, in the city of New York, in America, dated
the 31st day of October, in the year of our Lord 1754, shall be, and
hereby is fully and absolutely ratified and confirmed in all respects,
except that the 'College thereby established shall be henceforth called
Columbia College; that the style of the said corporation shall be
S
58
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The Trustees of Columbia College in the city of New York, and
that no persons shall be Trustees of the same in virtue of any offices,
characters or descriptions whatever; excepting also such clauses
thereof as requires the taking of oaths and subscribing the declara-
tion therein mentioned, and which render a person ineligible to the
office of President of the College on account of his religious tenets;
and prescribe a form of public prayer to be used in the said College,
and also excepting the clause thereof which provides that the by-
laws and ordinances to be made in pursuance thereof should not be
repugnant to the laws and statutes of that part of the kingdom of
Great Britain called England; except also that in all cases where
fifteen Governors are required to constitute a quorum for the dispatch
of business, thirteen Trustees shall be sufficient. Provided, always,
That the by-laws and ordinances to be made by the trustees of the
said Columbia College shall not be contrary to the Constitution and
Laws of this State.
IX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
James Duane, Samuel Provost, John H. Livingston, Richard Varick,
Alexander Hamilton, John Mason, James Wilson, John Gano, Brock-
holst Livingston, Robert Harpur, John Daniel Gross, Johann Christoff
Kunze, Walter Livingston, Lewis A. Scott, Joseph Delaplaine,
Leon[a]rd Lispenard, Abraham Beach, John Lawrence, John Ruth-
erfurd, Morgan Lewis, John Cochran, Gershom Seixas, Charles Mc-
Knight, Thomas Jones, Malachi Treat, Samuel Bard, Nicholas
Romein, Benjamin Kiss[a]m and Ebenezer Crosby, shall be, and
they are hereby constituted and declared to be the present Trustees
of Columbia College, in the city of New York, and that when by the
death or resignation or removal of any of the said Trustees, the num-
ber of those Trustees shall be reduced to twenty-four; then and
from thenceforth the said twenty-four Trustees shall be and they
hereby are declared and constituted Trustees of the said Columbia
College in perpetual succession, according to the true intent and
meaning of the said charter, and all vacancies thereafter shall be
supplied in the manner thereby directed.
X. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
all and singular the power, authority, rights, privileges, franchises
and immunities, so heretofore granted to, and vested in, the said
Governors of the College of the Province of New York, in the city of
New York, in America, by the said charter, excepting as before ex-
cepted, shall be, and the same hereby are granted to and vested in
the Trustees of Columbia College, in the city of New York, and their
successors forever, as fully and effectually, to all intents and purposes,
as if the same were herein particularly specified and expressed; and
all and singular the lands, tenements, hereditaments and real estate,
goods, chattels, rents, annuities, moneys, books, and other property,
whereof the said Governors of the College of the Province of New
York, in the city of New York, in America, were seized, possessed
or entitled, under and in virtue of the said charter, or with which
the Regents of the said University were invested, under or by virtue
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
59
of the said acts, for the use or benefit of the said Columbia College,
shall be, and the same hereby are granted to and vested in the said
Trustees of Columbia College, in the city of New York, and their
successors forever, for the sole use and benefit of the said College;
and it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Trustees and their
successors, to grant, bargain, sell, demise, improve and dispose of the
same, as to them shall seem meet. Provided, always, That lands
given and granted to the Governors of the College of the Province
of New York, in the city of New York, in America, by the corpora-
tion heretofore styled the Rector and Inhabitants of the city of New
York, in communion with the Church of England as by law estab-
lished, on part whereof the said College is erected, shall not be
granted for any greater estate, or in any other manner than is
limited by the said charter.
XI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
when any special meeting of the Trustees of the said College shall
be deemed necessary it shall and may be lawful to and for the senior
Trustee of the said College then in the city of New York, and upon
taking upon himself the exercise of the office (which seniority shall
be determined according to the order in which the said Trustees are
named in this act, and shall be elected hereafter), and he is hereby
authorized and required, on application for that purpose, in writing,
under the hands of any five or more of the said Trustees, to appoint
a time for such special meeting, in some convenient place within
the said city, and to cause due notice thereof to be given in the
manner directed by the said charter.
XII. And whereas Academies for the instructions of youth in the
languages, and other branches of useful learning, have been erected
and instituted in different parts of this State, by the free and liberal
benefactions of corporations as well as individuals; and the Regents of
the University having represented, that the appointment and incorpo-
ration of the trustees for each of the said Academies, with competent
power to manage the funds already appropriated, and the donations
which may be made to such Academies, and to superintend the morals
and education of the scholars, and the conduct of the Principal, mas-
ters and teachers, would greatly conduce to their security and pros-
perity. Therefore,
Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That upon
the application of the founders and benefactors of any Academy,
now or hereafter to be erected or established within any of the cities
or counties of this State, or as many of them as shall have contributed.
more than one-half in value of the real and personal property and
estate, collected or appropriated for the use and benefit thereof, by
an instrument in writing under their hands and seals, to the Regents
of the University, expressing their request, that such Academy should
be incorporated, and be subject to the visitation of the Regents,
nominating in such instrument the Trustees, not more than twenty-
four or less than twelve, for such Academy, and specifying the name
by which the said Trustees shall be called and distinguished, and
60
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
whenever any such request shall be made to the said Regents, they
shall in every such case, if they conceive such Academy calculated
for the promotion of literature, by an instrument under their common
seal, signifying their approbation to the incorporation of the Trustees
of such Academy, named by the founders thereof, by the name
mentioned in and by their said request in writing; which said request
in writing, and instrument of approbation by the said Regents, shall
be recorded in the Secretary's office of the State.
XIII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the Trustees so constituted shall be the first Trustees for the Academy
for which they shall be appointed, and immediately after recording
the request in writing and instrument of approbation, shall be le-
gally invested with all the real and personal estate appertaining to
such Academy, or in any wise given or granted, for the use thereof;
and the said Trustees, from the time of their appointment as afore-
said, and their successors forever thereafter, shall be a body corpo-
rate and politic, in deed, fact and name, known and distinguished by
the name and style to be expressed in the said instrument; and by
that name shall have perpetual succession, and be capable in the law
to sue and be sued, and defend and be defended in all courts, and in
all causes, plaints, controversies, matters and things whatsoever; and
by the same name and style, they and their successors shall lawfully
hold, use and enjoy the lands, tenements and hereditaments, in any
wise appertaining to the Academy for which they shall be constituted
Trustees, and shall and may lawfully have, take, acquire, purchase
and enjoy lands, tenements and hereditaments, and use and improve
such goods and chattels in such manner as they shall judge to be
most beneficial for such Academy; provided that the annual revenue
or income arising from the real and personal estate of any such
Academy shall not exceed the value of four thousand bushels of wheat,
any law, usage, or custom to the contrary notwithstanding.
XIV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
it shall and may be lawful to and for such Trustees, and their suc-
cessors forever, to have and use a common seal, and the same to alter,
break and make a new at their pleasure, and as often as any three or
more of the said Trustees shall think fit, and signify their request,
the senior Trustee actually exercising his office, and residing within
three miles of such Academy, shall call a meeting of the said Trustees,
at such convenient time and place as he shall appoint, not less than
eight nor more than twelve days from the time of such request, of
which previous notice in writing shall be affixed on the door of the
Academy, and of the church nearest thereto, within two days after
such appointment, and at every such meeting the senior Trustee shall
preside; such seniority in all cases to be determined according to the
order of their nomination in the said instrument, or according to the
priority of election after all the first Trustees shall become extinct,
and the major part of such Trustees shall always be a sufficient quo-
rum to proceed on business, and shall have full power and authority
to adjourn from time to time, not exceeding seven days at one time,
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
61
as the duties of their trust may require. And it shall and may be
lawful to and for such quorum of the said Trustees, when assembled
and met in manner aforesaid, or the major part of them, from time
to time to appoint a Treasurer and Clerk, Principal, Masters, Tutors,
Teachers and other necessary officers; to ascertain their respective
salaries, and to remove and displace any of them at their pleasure; and
to make by-laws for the admission, education, government, and disci-
pline of the scholars or students, and the establishment of the prices
or terms of tuition; for securing, revising and paying out and dis-
posing of the revenues, and in general for conducting and managing
the estate, business, and affairs of the said Academy, and every matter
and thing relating thereto, in such manner as they shall judge to be
most conducive to its interest and prosperity, and the end of their
trust.
And in order to preserve the succession of Trustees for the said
Academies respectively:
XV. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That when-
ever a vacancy shall happen in any corporation of Trustees, by the
death, resignation or refusal to act of any Trustee, it shall and may
be lawful for the Trustees of such Academy, and they are hereby
authorized and required, at any legal meeting of the Trustees, to
elect and choose a fit person to fill up and supply such vacancy, and
for the greater encouragement of such Academies, and to render them
more useful and respectable.
XVI. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the
Regents of the University shall be Visitors of such Academies, and
the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, or a Committee of the Regents,
shall, as often as they see proper, visit such Academies to inquire
into the state and progress of literature therein.
XVII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
when any scholar who shall be educated at any of the said Academies,
on due examination by the President and Professors of Columbia.
College, or any other College subject to the visitation of the said
Regents, shall be found competent, in the judgment of the said Presi-
dent and Professors, to enter into the Sophomore, Junior and Senior
classes of such Colleges, respectively, such scholar shall be entitled to
an admission into such of the said classes for which he shall be so
adjudged competent, and shall be admitted accordingly, at any one
of the quarterly examinations of such respective classes.
Provided always.
XVIII. And be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That to
entitle the scholars of any such Academy to the privileges aforesaid,
the Trustees thereof shall lay before the Regents of said University,
from time to time, the plan or system proposed to be adopted, for
the education of the students in each of the said Academies, respect-
ively, in order that the same may be revised and examined by the
said Regents, and by them altered or amended, or approved and con-
firmed, as they shall judge proper.
·
XIX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
62
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
whenever it shall appear to the said Regents, that the state of litera-
ture in any Academy is so far advanced, and the funds will admit
thereof, that it may be expedient that a President be appointed for
such Academy, the said Regents shall in such case signify their ap-
probation thereof, under their common seal, which, being entered of
record as aforesaid, shall authorize the Trustees of such Academy to
elect a President, who shall have, hold and enjoy all the powers that
the President of any College recognized by this act shall or may law-
fully have, hold and enjoy; and such Academy thereafter, instead of
being called an Academy, shall be called and known by the same
name it was called while it was an Academy, except that the word
"College" shall be used in all cases instead of the word "Academy;
and be subject to the like rules, regulations, control and visitation
of the Regents, as other Colleges mentioned in this act.
""
XX. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
no President or Professor shall be ineligible for or by reason of any
religious tenet or tenets that he may or shall profess; or be com-
pelled by any law or otherwise to take any test oath whatsoever;
and no Professor or Tutor of any College or Academy recognized by
this act shall be a Trustee of any such College or Academy, nor shall
President of any College, or Principal of any Academy, who shall
be a trustee have a vote in any case relating to his own salary or
emoluments; nor shall any Trustee, President, Principal, Tutor,
Fellow, or other officer of any College or Academy, be a Regent of the
University.
any
XXI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
whenever any person now or hereafter appointed a Trustee of any
College or Academy shall be appointed or elected a Regent of the Uni-
versity, and whenever any person being a Regent of the University
shall be appointed or elected a Trustee of any College or Academy,
such person so appointed or elected shall, on due notice thereof, de-
cide and elect in which of the said places he will serve, and by writ
ing under his hand shall make known such election, whether of
refusal or acceptance, to those by whom he was elect, to the end
that such appointment may take effect, in case he accept it, or that
they proceed to a new appointment in case he refuse it.
XXII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
the act entitled "An act for granting certain privileges to the College
heretofore called King's College, for altering the name and charter
thereof, and erecting a University within this State," passed the
1st day of May, 1784; and the act entitled "An act to amend an
act entitled 'An act for granting certain privileges to the College
heretofore called King's College, for altering the name and charter
thereof, and erecting an University within this State,' passed the 26th
day of November, 1784, be and they are hereby severally repealed."
By this act the Board of Regents was divested of the direct charge
of Columbia College, and has since had no control of the internal
affairs of this institution or of any other, excepting as required by
ORGANIZATION OF A BOARD OF REGENTS.
63
special acts, with respect to the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in New York and at Fairfield, and as found necessary in the dis-
charge of their duties, under general rules.'
Although the act of 1787 left the Regents without duties in the immediate
care of education, other than by way of supervision, in the hands of corporations
created by themselves or by the Legislature, the idea of establishing some means
for direct instruction under their immediate charge has not been overlooked.
On the 6th of March, 1856, the following resolution was passed:
Resolved, That it be referred to a select committee of five to inquire and report
whether it be practicable and expedient for the Regents to organize and maintain
the University of the State of New York as an active University of Instruction.”
On the 21st of April, 1857, Mr. Erastus C. Benedict, chairman of this committee,
made an elaborate report, in which he presented the motives and the methods of
a plan which may be briefly summarized as follows:
1. The institution to be under the management of the Regents.
2. All instruction to be by lectures free to all matriculated students who were
or who had been not less than one year in a College or Academy, or who had re-
ceived degrees from any college in the State, or who were residents of the State.
3. Ten faculties to be established, each with a dean at the head, one of whom
was to be president. These faculties were to be :
I. THE NATURAL SCIENCES- Including applications of chemistry, geology and
mineralogy to mines and mining.
II. AGRICULTURE AND THE USEFUL ARTS-A wide range, including practical
applications being allowed.
III. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY - Including ethnology, antiquities and physical
geography.
IV. DIALECTICS — Embracing the history of all schools, modes of instruction and
systems of education, ancient and modern.
V. PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCE
Embracing metaphysics, logic, psychology, moral
philosophy and natural theology.
VI. PHILOLOGY -- Embracing languages, literatures, poetry, rhetoric and oratory.
VII. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE AND SCIENCES — With applications of every kind.
VIII. FINE AND ORNAMENTAL ARTS — Applied, including principles of beauty
and taste.
-
IX. PHYSIOLOGY - Including scientific and professional medicine and surgery.
X. POLITICAL SCIENCE - Embracing political and administrative sciences and
the profession of law.
Each of these faculties was to have a permanent seat at New York, Albany and
Rochester, with full courses of lectures at each place. The deans were to be
salaried and to devote their whole time to their duties; other lecturers were to be
paid for the time employed. If deemed proper, the lectures were to be repeated
in different localities other than those above named. No degrees to be conferred
above that of Master of Arts, and only upon examination of the whole course, ex-
cept honorary degrees.
An annual Convocation to be held at Albany, when the degrees were to be con-
ferred and discourses pronounced by the most meritorious graduates.
With the exception of a Convocation organized many years afterward, and in
greatly modified form from that proposed in this report, this scheme of education
made no further progress. The paper in which its details were set forth, together
with the draft of a bill for carrying it into effect, will be found in the Appendix
of the first printed volume of the minutes of the Regents (1853-59). It was also
printed separately.
64
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER II.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS.
The first meeting of the Regents after the passage of the act for
their reörganization was held July 17, 1787. Governor George
Clinton was elected Chancellor, Mr. John Jay, Vice-Chancellor,
and Richard Harrison, Secretary. Dr. Rodgers, Baron Steuben and
Mr. Moore were appointed to prepare a device for a seal,' and a rule
was adopted that all applications for incorporation be first referred
to a sub-committee of at least three members, and afterward con-
sidered by the whole Board, before being issued. They also estab-
lished as a rule, that at every annual meeting their will should be
declared by vote, as to whether there should be an election of the
officers of the Board. At this meeting an application was received
for the incorporation of Erasmus Hall, in Kings county.
In the early years of their operation the Regents adopted the
custom of designating committees from their number to visit in-
stitutions, and report their conditions and wants. The records of
the Board show that this duty was faithfully performed, and the
custom has been continued down through the century, more or less
modified by inviting the coöperation of trustworthy citizens in
distant localities. But for a long period and down to comparatively
recent times, the reports made by the Trustees of Academies were
received without further verification, and the apportionment of
moneys was made upon these returns.
2
Although several acts were passed assigning particular duties,
there was no general act modifying their powers until the revision
of the laws in 1813. On the 5th of April of that year, an act was
• This committee, at the next meeting of the Board, held November 17, 1787,
reported the following device, which was accepted:
"Minerva and Liberty leading a youth. The motto - QUO DUCUNT IRES.
Exergue - SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK."
The first seal was circular, three and one-quarter inches broad, with the figure
of a youth covered by the shield of Minerva, while Liberty leads the way. The
second seal was two and one-half inches broad, and the youth is pointed the way.
to a temple on a distant hill. The present seal, under a general law, contains only
the State arms and the name of the Board.
2 Perhaps the most important commission that had then been appointed was
that of Addison Gardiner and Henry J. Whitehouse of Rochester, Albert H. Tracy
of Buffalo, John B. Skinner of Genesee, Elial F. Foote of Jamestown, Jesse Haw-
ley of Lockport, and Gideon Hard of Albion, who were appointed on the 11th
of May, 1840, as visitors in the Eighth Senatorial District.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS. 65
passed entitled "An act relative to the University," which super-
seded the act of 1787, and made the following changes:
The Regents then in office were named and appointed, to continue
in place during the pleasure of the Legislature; the vacancies arising
to be filled from time to time, as Senators in Congress are appointed.'
The charter which had been granted by the Regents to the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York, June 4,
1812, was confirmed, and the amount of property it might hold
was limited to $150,000. The Regents were to reserve to them-
selves the right of conferring degrees and of filling vacancies in its
Board of Trustees. They had discretionary power in respect to the
appointment of Professors and teachers, and the future amendment
of its charter.
The sections in the former act relating to Columbia College were
omitted, and the Trustees of incorporated Academies were empowered
to elect a President for one year, or until another was chosen, to
perform all the duties required to be done by the senior trustee.
2
By another act, passed April 9, 1813, entitled "An act relating
to the different Colleges within this State," the powers and privileges
of Columbia College and of Union College were separately defined.
EFFORTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM.
It should be remembered that when the Board of Regents was
established in 1784-7, there were no public common schools, and
elementary education was wholly dependent upon individual or as-
sociated private effort. It was a purely voluntary matter with those
who participated in the benefits and bore the expenses with no
guarantees as to the qualifications of those who assumed the duties
of instruction—no stated arrangements for accommodation but such
as were provided by those who sought patronage, or that were fitted
up by patrons, and no pledge of continuance longer than was needed
to meet the wants of those who sustained them.
Although the Regents of the University were created for the
special purpose of caring for Columbia College, and for such other
Colleges and Academies as they might think proper to incorporate,
or take under their supervision, the public records of our State show
¹ This was borrowed from the former law, providing for the choice of Dele-
gates in the Continental Congress, and has not since been changed. Each House
first votes separately. They then meet in joint session and compare the votes.
not alike, a joint viva voce vote is taken, which decides the election.
2 Chap. 82, Laws of 1813.
If
9
66
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
that they were not unmindful of the want of an organized and effi-
cient system of popular education throughout every part of the State.
In their report made to the Legislature, February 5, 1793,' in re-
ferring to this subject they say:
"On this occasion we cannot help suggesting to the Legislature the
numerous advantages which we conceive would accrue to the citi-
zens in general from the institution of schools in various parts of
the State, for the purpose of instructing our children in the lower
branches of education; such as reading their native language with
propriety, and so much of writing and arithmetic as to enable them,
when they come forward in active life, to transact, with accuracy and
dispatch, the business arising from their daily intercourse with each
other. The mode of accomplishing this desirable object we respect-
fully submit to the wisdom of the Legislature.
"The attention which the Legislature has evinced to promote
literature by the liberal provision heretofore made, encourages, with
all deference, to suggest the propriety of rendering it permanent by
setting apart for that salutary purpose some of the unappropriated
lands. The value of these will be enhanced by the increase of
population. The State will thus never want the means of promo-
ting useful science; and will thereby secure the rational happiness
and fix the liberty of the people on the most permanent basis —that
of knowledge and virtue.'
As a hopeful indication of the tendencies of the day in the diffu-
sion of knowledge, they notice that two Academies had been in-
corporated in the course of the preceding year; "one at Schenec-
tady, which from its liberal endowments promises to be of extensive
utility, and another in the neighborhood of the Oneida nation; one
part of the plan of which is to extend the blessing of science to the
untutored savages, so as gradually to qualify them for all the duties
of useful citizens. And we doubt not it will be to the Legislature,
as it is to us, matter of refined gratification to see seminaries of
learning rising in situations which a few years ago were altogether
uncultivated and uninhabited by any civilized people. These pleas-
ing prospects remind us of the glorious predictions of sacred writ;
under the improvement of agriculture the wilderness blossoms as
the rose, and by means of the light of science and religion the
solitary place is made glad."
It will be seen that these first feeble rays of light shining in dark
places, were not long in brightening into the full light of day, and
that these two Academies within a very few years ripened into UNION
and HAMILTON COLLEGES.
¹ Senate Journal, 16th Session, p. 90. The first Board of Regents had pre-
viously called attention to this subject.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS. 67
In their next year's report,' after expressing their satisfaction at
the flourishing condition of the College and the several Academies
incorporated in different parts of the State, the prosperity of which
they ascribed to the judicious plans of education and government
which the Trustees of many of them had recently adopted; to the
information they had begun to derive from books and from the
apparatus which had been supplied with, and the encouragement in
some instances bestowed upon diligent and skillful teachers whose
salaries had been judged inadequate for their support, the Regents
recurred again to the subject of common schools, and renewed their
solicitations in their behalf. They say:
"After another year's experience and observation, we beg leave
again to solicit the attention of the Legislature to the establishment
of schools for the common branches of education - an object of
acknowledged importance and extensive utility. Institutions of this
description, so well adapted for the diffusion of that kind of knowl-
edge which is essential to the support and continuance of a Repub
lican government, are greatly neglected, especially in those parts of
our country remote from the Academies. The numerous infant set-
tlements annually forming in our State, chiefly composed of fami-
lies in very indigent circumstances, and placed in the most unfavor-
able situations for instruction, appear to call for legislative aid in
behalf of their offspring.
"We are emboldened in this manner, with deference, to suggest
the means of aiding the cause of learning more extensively, under
the pleasing conviction that we address a Legislature whose inelina-
tions dispose, and whose resources enable them to spread useful
knowledge through every part of our happy and flourishing State."
Again in 1795, after describing at some length the condition of the
two Colleges (Union College having just been incorporated), and
twelve Academies under their supervision, the Regents, as if unwill-
ing to lose an opportunity for a word in behalf of primary edu-
cation, close their report as follows:
"These, with the establishment of schools for common branches
of education, were the Legislature pleased to grant it, must soon
have the most beneficial effects on the state of society.
The streams
issuing from these fountains must enrich the pastures of the wilder-
ness and cause the little hills to rejoice on every side.”
¹ Dated January 23, 1794. Senate Journal, 17th Session, p. 16.
2 Senate Journal, 18th Session. p. 45. The quotation is italicised as in the
Journal.
68
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
This gentle reminder, in connection with what had been repeatedly
urged before, took effect before the end of this session in the passage
of the first act of the Legislature of the State of New York for
the encouragement of schools throughout the State.'
It cannot be claimed that this legislation was the direct effect of
this advice. It was probably the resultant of public opinion repre-
sented in the Legislature, and which had been created and animated
by discussion among the intelligent portion of the community,
who no doubt in a considerable degree felt the want of a sys-
tematic plan of public instruction. The Colleges and Academies had
a plan for organization and enlargement — full of hope and promise,
and already beginning to show successful results in operation. The
extension of these facilities for popular education, suggested and
urged by strong arguments, was a natural consequence, and it is but
just to claim for the men who formed the Board of Regents of that
day a full share of the merits in its adoption.
The first school act lasted but five years. And when it expired by
limitation, a dozen years elapsed before a permanent common school
system was established. It appropriated £20,000 ($50,000) a year
during this period, and fixed the quota by counties; but beyond
this, the apportionment was made on the number of taxable inhabit-
ants, and to towns that raised a certain amount of money by tax for
school purposes.
The funds derived from the Literature Lotteries of 1801, and from
the lands that had been set apart for the support of common schools,
having accumulated to some extent, a plan for their application became
necessary, and this was particularly mentioned by Governor Tomp-
kins in his message at the opening of the session of 1811, as one of
the subjects that ought to attract notice.
An act was accordingly passed April 8, 1811, authorizing the
Governor to appoint five Commissioners to report a system for the
organization of common schools, and under this act, Jedediah Peck,
John Murray, Jr., Samuel Russel, Roger Skinner and Robert
Macomb were appointed.
They reported February 7, 1812,' and the system began under this
recommendation has been continued with sundry changes to the
present time.
¹ Chap. 75, passed April 9, 1795, entitled "An act for the encouragement of
schools." Laws of 18th Session (folio), p. 50.
Assembly Journal, 1812, p. 102.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS.
69
The School Fund at that time consisted of the following items:
Bonds and mortgages for part of the consideration
money of lands sold by the Surveyor-General..... $240,370 67
Three hundred shares of the capital stock of the
Merchants' Bank...
Three hundred shares of capital stock of the Hudson
Bank.....
Mortgages for loans..
Bond of Horatio G. Spafford and sureties for a loan.
Bond of Mechanics' Bank in the city of New York..
Arrears of interest due on the bonds and mortgages
of the fund....
Balance in the treasury belonging to the fund..
The revenue consisted of the following items:
Annual interest on loans and mortgages..
Dividend on bank stock
Probable collections from persons refusing to do mili-
tary duty
Proceeds of the clerk's office of the Supreme Court..
150,000 00
15, 000 00
101, 924 52
·3, 000 00
10,000 10
35, 831 13
2,338 37
$558, 464 69
$21, 766 95
14, 850 00
1,600 00
7,000 00
$45, 216 95
Of the 500,000 acres of land which the Legislature had ordered to
be sold for the benefit of the school fund there remained 301,492.3
acres, and the time was near when $50,000 could be distributed
annually.
It is not our purpose to notice the common school system of the
State further than it may relate to the instruction of teachers in
Academies and the Normal Schools. We have deemed it proper to
give these details of the origin of the system, because the Regents
as a body had taken action strongly favoring legislative aid and some
efficient plan of management. It does not, however, appear that
any effort was ever made for placing the common school system of
the State under the care of the Regents, it being uniformly regarded
that their proper duties should be limited to the supervision of the
higher department in education and to the general interests of litera-
ture and science.
70
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
GENERAL OUTLINE OF HISTORY IN LATER YEARS.
It may be noticed that the activity shown by the Regents in the
first years was not uniformly sustained; at least so far as may be
learned from their annual reports. A system of printed blanks
came into use in 1804, and for four years statistics of attendance
were published in detail. But after this the reports became very
brief, simply stating in a few words the numbers in attendance in
Colleges, the numbers graduating, and as to Academies that their
affairs "were in a flourishing condition," without further specifica-
tion.
The awakening of interest, which appeared about 1818, may be
ascribed to the results of legislation begun some years before, which
had laid the foundation of a permanent Literature Fund, and had
placed it under the Regents' control.
As this fund began to be productive, it became necessary to de-
vise rules for its distribution. In 1827 it was largely increased, and
more definite provision was made by law for the apportionment
with the view of encouraging a higher grade of scholarship than
had formerly been sustained.
The various provisions of law in force at the time of their adop-
tion were embodied in the Revised Statutes, which took effect at the
beginning of 1830. They introduced some new features, one of
them providing for an equal division of the income of the Litera-
ture Fund among the eight senatorial districts of the State. The
operation of this rule will be particularly noticed in the following
pages.
The act of 1827, by which the sum of $150,000 was added to the
capital of the Literature Fund, appears from its title to have been
intended to promote the education of teachers in the common
schools, although no provision was expressly made for that purpose
in the body of the act.
In 1833 the question of providing special education in Academies
for the preparation of teachers of common schools came up for dis-
cussion, and measures were adopted which in improved form have
been continued down to the present time. This subject will be
found fully presented in an article prepared by one highly qualified
for the task, in the following pages.
By the aid of an appropriation begun in 1834, and continued an-
nually since that time, the libraries and apparatus of Academies have
been steadily increased, but in no instance has this aid been fur-
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS. 71
•
nished without evidence beforehand that an equal amount had been
raised from other sources than invested funds, and proof afterward
that the whole sum had been properly applied.
In 1835, the condition of Colleges and Academies began to be
published in greater detail, and from this time we may begin to date
the series of educational statistics, which illustrate so fully the his-
tory of the Colleges and Academies of New York, and in which this
State stands alone— for in no other State in the Union has there
been preserved a record which in even a remote degree can be com-
pared with our own. In fact, before the labors of the National
Bureau of Education had begun in recent years to bring together an
annual statement of the operation of our educational systems, there
were no means whatever for ascertaining the condition of the Col-
leges and Academies of other States, except by collecting their indi-
vidual reports, and compiling from them such few statistics as could
be brought into comparable form.
The operation of the Board of Regents has been continuous from
the beginning, with but slight changes in organization, excepting as
new duties have been imposed by law from time to time, requiring
new agencies for their execution, and new rules for their manage-
The Constitutional Conventions of 1821 and of 1846 found
no occasion to place any limitations with regard to its operations,
and scarcely mentioned it excepting by way of inquiry as to certain
matters under its charge.
ment.
In the convention of 1867-68 numerous petitions were presented
asking for a provision abolishing the office, and creating a single de-
partment, including in its charge all the educational institutions of
the State. These were met by other petitions praying for the main-
tenance of the Board in its present form, and as the result, the form
of a constitution recommended at that time left the subject as be-
fore. While the question of adoption of this constitution was still
under discussion, a legislative inquiry was made, which we may
here notice:
THE POWERS OF A BOARD OF VISITATION OF COLLEGES AND ACAD-
EMIES THE QUESTION OF A CHANGE OF ORGANIZATION CON-
SIDERED.
On the 8th of May, 1869, the following resolution was adopted
by the Senate, and communicated to the Regents of the University :
"Resolved, That the Regents of the University be instructed to
report to the next Legislature what, in their judgment, should be the
72
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
power of a Board of Visitation of the Colleges and Academies of the
State, and whether any change in the organization of that Board is
desirable to render it more effective in the supervision of those insti-
tutions."
The Regents, in compliance with this resolution, having given the
subject-matter the consideration which its importance required, on
the 10th of March, 1870, submitted the following report:
The resolution presents two distinct subjects of inquiry:
1. What should be the powers of a Board of Visitation?
2. Is any change in the organization of the Board of Regents de-
sirable?
The Colleges and Academies of our State, subject to the visitation
of the Regents, are corporate bodies, holding their charters by act of
the Legislature, or under its authority.
The administration of their affairs is committed to Trustees,
whose powers and duties are clearly defined, and, in addition to the
general powers of a corporation, embrace the management of the
finances, the appointment of Professors and Teachers, the direction.
of the course of discipline and study in the institution, and, in the
case of Colleges, the granting of literary honors.
Many of the details of internal management are intrusted to the
Faculty, who act under a general authority derived from the Trus-
tees.
In every country, education is regarded as a high public interest,
and over it the government exercises a watchful and fostering care.
In many of the countries of Europe, this care extends to every
part of the system of public instruction, because the system is estab-
lished and entirely maintained by the government.
In this State, only what are known as the public schools, mostly
elementary, are so established and maintained. They are supervised
by public officers, at the head of whom is the Superintendent of
Public Instruction. His power is necessarily comprehensive, and
his decisions, in many cases, are final.
The exercise of such full and summary power is necessary to the
proper and successful administration of the common school system.
If the Colleges and Academies were institutions of the same na-
ture as the public schools, and were supported in the same way, the
supervision of their affairs by the State would properly be of the
same thorough and comprehensive character. As, however, they
have had their origin in voluntary private action, are endowed
chiefly by private contributions, and are mainly supported by the
payment of tuition fees, it seems quite clear that the State cannot
fairly extend over them the same supervision, in details, which it
exercises over schools which it alone creates and supports. And yet
their relations to the State, as quasi public institutions, demand
watchfulness, guardianship and care from the power which has given
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS. 73
them corporate existence, both for their protection and for securing
to the public their proper administration.
To most of the Colleges, and to all the Academies, the State has
made grants of money, sometimes for general, and sometimes for
specific purposes.
The endowments of most of the Colleges are on foundations es-
tablished by private liberality.
Under the general law, the condition of the incorporation of
Academies is, that a certain sum shall be raised by voluntary contri-
bution for the erection of buildings and other purposes. In many
instances, the minimum required by law has been greatly exceeded.
The State owes it to itself, and to those whom it has encouraged
to liberality, to see that its appropriations and their gifts are prop-
erly applied. Men of fortune, with a disposition to devote their
wealth to educational purposes, are often deterred by an apprehen-
sion that their gifts may be misapplied or squandered.
Public policy demands that the strongest guarantees of the faith-
ful administration of such trusts should be given.
A Board having authority, on its own motion, or on representa-
tions made to it, at any time to inquire into the mode in which an
institution is conducted, may correct a wrong in its incipiency, or by
the mere possession of the power may exert a silent but constantly
restraining influence against maladministration. It is believed that
cases will rarely occur in which the full exercise of the power which
ought to be committed to a visiting and supervising board will
be demanded.
Trustees of Colleges are, as a class, men of intelligence and educa-
tion, selected in view of their peculiar fitness for the trust. They
may call in the counsel and assistance of the President and Profes-
sors, who have made the philosophy of education a life study, and
who have a thorough knowledge of its practical workings. The
details of management of the institution committed to their care
will be safe in their hands, while subject for wise purposes to the
general supervision of a Board of Visitors.
The annual subsidy which the State grants to the Academies
under prescribed conditions of its application, renders it proper that
a more specific supervision should be exercised over them than over
the Colleges. But even this cannot extend to personal administra-
tion, which must of necessity be influenced by local circumstances.
A Visiting Board must look after the execution of the conditions
of the subsidy as well as of the charter, and in doing this can hardly
fail to exert a positive influence over the whole system of instruction.
If it does not command, or even positively direct, it may make
itself felt by advice, which will often be sought, and will seldom be
disregarded.
The policy of granting corporate powers under general laws is
universally conceded. The extent to which Colleges have been
established in this State by special acts of the Legislature, in most
cases without adequate endowments, has multiplied these institu-
10
74
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
tions beyond the public wants. A Visiting Board may properly
exercise this power under general rules to be prescribed or approved
by the Legislature.
In accordance with these views the powers and duties with which
a Board of Visitation of the Colleges and Academies of the State
should be invested may be enumerated:
1. The exclusive power of incorporating Colleges and Academies
under general regulations, with the exercise of which, for the time.
being, the Legislature should not interfere, except so far as modifi-
cations of the organic law may become proper.
2. The power to require reports, under forms to be prescribed by
the Board, of the literary and financial condition of each institution,
and the mode in which it has been conducted.
3. The power to make special investigations as to the affairs and
condition of any institution, whenever in the judgment of the Board,
or on representations made to it, such investigation is believed to be
necessary.
4. The power of personal visitation by its committees or officers,
and of adopting such measures as, in the judgment of the Board, are
calculated to improve the character of academic and collegiate
education, and to bring the Academies and Colleges into united and
harmonious action as parts of the University of the State.
The exercise of coercive power by such a Board, and the infliction
of penalties, will seldom be required, nor would it be salutary.
It is suggested, however, that whenever a condition of things
exists which is thought to demand judicial action, provision may be
made for placing the facts found in the hands of the Attorney-
General of the State, or for submitting them to the Legislature, for
such action as may be demanded for the protection of public interests
or of private trusts.
The second inquiry of the resolution is, whether any change in the
organization of the Board of Regents is desirable to render it more
efficient in the supervision of the Colleges and Academies.
With respect to its powers, the Board possesses most of those which
have been enumerated as desirable for a Board of Visitation.
""
The statute confers on it the power" to visit and inspect," and
"to send for persons and papers."
This power it is believed will
be sufficient even in extreme cases.
The organization of the Board of Regents was made with a view
to give it a near relation to the government of the State by consti-
tuting the high officers of the State members. Thus, the Governor,
the Lieutenant-Governor, the Secretary of State, and the Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction, are always members, and this Board,
thus directly connected with the Executive Department of the gov-
ernment, and its members appointed by the Legislature, is fitly
required to report annually to that body the condition of the institu-
tions committed to its care.
The duties of the Regents have always been discharged without
pecuniary compensation. It cannot be expected, nor would it be
GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE REGENTS. 75
reasonable to claim, that the same amount of service is to be rendered
by each member as would be expected from officers receiving salaries
from the public treasury.
The Board refers with gratification to the results secured to the
education of the State through its instrumentality, from its organiza-
tion, in 1784, to the present time.
Twenty-seven Colleges (literary, law and medical), and more than
two hundred Academies, are now in active operation as parts of the
University. The aggregate of their property and endowments is
more than fourteen millions of dollars. The salaries of their instruct-
ors amount to nearly a million of dollars annually, and there are
taught within their walls about forty thousand students. Many of
these institutions have attained. a high reputation both at home and
abroad, and may justly be regarded with pride by the citizens of the
State.
The work of the Board has been quiet and unostentatious, but con-
stant. It has been performed by gentle influences and kindly advice,
and not by the exercise of coercive power.
The Regents have never asked for an extension of their powers,
and they are of opinion that the powers now possessed under the
statute are as large as any Visiting Board requires.
The tenure of office is during the pleasure of the Legislature. It
has been objected that this is virtually perpetual. It does give to
some members a long continued term. But changes frequently occur
in the Board. The ex-officio members, four in number, seldom con-
tinue in office more than four years consecutively, and the average
term of one-half of the permanent members is less than seven years.
The statute requires that the seats of non-attending members shall
be declared vacant, and, by making six members a quorum for the
transaction of business, wisely provides against injury to public
interests which might arise from so large a Board widely dispersed
throughout the State. Whether a limited term and fewer members
would render it more efficient is, to say the least, questionable, un-
less the Legislature is prepared to incur a heavy expenditure, by
providing for the payment of salaries involving large annual appro-
priations.
Though not required by the terms of the resolution, it may not
be improper, in this connection, to mention other duties which have
from time to time been devolved on this Board. They are:
1. The charge of the State Library.
2. The system of State and international exchange.
3. The custody of the State Cabinet of Natural History.
4. The direction of the teachers' classes in academies, and, with
the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the charge of the State
Normal School.
5. The examination of the boundaries of the State and the condi-
tion of boundary monuments.
In conclusion, the Regents are of opinion that the Board would
76
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
not be rendered more efficient in the supervision of the colleges and
academies by any change in its organization.
Respectfully submitted, in behalf of the Regents.
JOHN V. L. PRUYN,
S. B. WOOLWORTH,
Chancellor.
Secretary.
The Constitutional Commission of 1872-73, created for the special
purpose of recommending such changes in the Constitution as might
be found proper, passed over the question of our higher educational
system, under the care of the Regents, as needing no recommendation.
In 1874 bills were introduced in the Legislature proposing im-
portant changes in the organization of the educational system of
the State, and in the powers and duties of the Board of Regents.
By one of these bills it was proposed to change the mode of electing
the Superintendent of Public Instruction and to devolve the charge
of the common school department, and the appointment of the
Superintendent upon the Regents. Another bill proposed to abolish
the Board of Regents and to vest its powers and duties in the
Superintendent of Public Instruction.
It being deemed proper that the position of the Board of Regents
should be fairly represented and understood by the Legislature, they
passed, on the 11th of March of that year, a resolution disavowing
any desire on their part for the passage of any act that should confer
upon them any increase of power, at the same time expressing an
unwillingness to avoid any duty or responsibility that might be
imposed upon them. A committee of five, of which the Chancellor
was one, and the chairman, was appointed to present to the Legis-
lature not only the work of the Board but its position in relation to
the questions then before the Legislature. This committee was
charged with the duty of carefully examining any bills before
the Legislature, that they might be properly guarded in their powers.
and responsibilities.
Although there has been no direct allusion to the Board of Regents
in the Constitution, certain questions have been raised with regard
to their powers and duties as affected by its provisions, which we
will next notice.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS.
77
CHAPTER III.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS.
Neither the Constitution of 1777, nor that prepared in 1821, had
any reference to the higher educational interests of the State. The
latter, which took full effect at the beginning of 1823, pledged the
proceeds of all the lands belonging to the State, except such as had
been reserved for public use, to be applied, together with the Com-
mon School Fund, for the support of common schools throughout
the State; but it made no provision in respect to a Literature Fund.
The Constitution of 1846 contained in Article IX the following
provision:
"The capital of the Common School Fund, the capital of the
Literature Fund, and the capital of the United States Deposit Fund,
shall be respectively preserved inviolate. The revenues of the said
Common School Fund shall be applied to the support of Common
Schools; the revenue of the said Literature Fund shall be applied
to the support of Academies, and the sum of $25,000 of the revenues
of the United States Deposit Fund shall each year be appropriated
to and made a part of the capital of the said Common School Fund."
No change has since been made in this provision, but in the re-
vision prepared in 1867-8, it was proposed to cover certain other
funds applicable to educational purposes, so as to place the principal
of these funds secure against any loss, but this did not become the
fundamental law.
Questions Raised under the Constitution of 1821.
The Constitution of 1821 (section 9, article VII), declared that the
assent of two-thirds of the members of each house was necessary for
the passage of every bill for creating, continuing, altering or renew-
ing any body politic or corporate.
A question was raised whether this abrogated the powers
formerly vested in and often exercised by the Regents, in incorpora-
ting Colleges and Academies, or if the power still continued, how
it had been affected by this change in the Constitution.
The Board upon request,' in a lengthy report, replied that it did
not consider itself as affected by the change; that the language of
the Constitution applied to the Legislature only, and that whatever
powers had formerly been vested by law in the Board of Regents
continued until changed by a legislative act.²
¹ Senate Journal, 1825, p. 124.
2 Ib., p. 188.
78
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Senator John C. Spencer, from the Committee upon Literature, to
this replied,' that the Legislature could not do that indirectly which
it was prohibited from doing directly, and that any thing done under
sanction of a law must be in accordance with the Constitution. The
new Constitution 2 had elsewhere declared that all laws repugnant
to its provisions were void, and hence, that the power of creating
academic corporations, so far as it conflicted with the new organic
law, had been abrogated by its adoption.
But there was again found a provision in the fourteenth section of
the same article which declared that nothing in this Constitution
should affect any grants, or charters made by the State or under its
authority; it was affirmed by the Regents that this latter was a sav-
ing clause protecting their acts from any impairment from any cause.
To this the committee further replied by questioning, whether
the powers conferred could be claimed as one of those vested interests.
which are the subject of any charter. It was a delegation of legisla-
tive power which the State might resume when it pleased, and in the
opinion of the committee it had been resumed by the Constitution
when it prescribed a particular inode of creating corporations, and
abrogated all laws inconsistent with it. But to remove all doubt
they reported a bill for confirming the acts of the Regents since the
Constitution took effect, which failed, however, to become a law.
3
Before this time, only half a dozen academies had been incor-
porated by special acts, but from this time forward, it became the
more frequent mode of incorporation; but always coupled with the
proviso, that they should receive no moneys in the apportionment
made by the Regents, until they had complied with their rules.
This was done, some months or years afterward, in many cases by a
formal resolution of the Board, as they found their conditions ful-
filled, and others never perfected an organization. They also con-
tinued to grant charters as before, without further challenge of their
right to do so, by Legislature or other authority.
Another question was raised under the Constitution of 1821,
which in the first section of article IX, declared, that the commissions
of all persons holding civil offices on the last day of 1822 should
expire on that day, or until their places were filled by new appoint-
ment or election. If the office of Regent was a civil office, there
was need of a new organization. But the old Constitution, which
had prohibited the Chancellor and Judges of the Supreme Court
1
¹ Ib., p. 355.
2 Sec. 13. Art. 7.
3 Senate Journal 1825, p. 356.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS.
79
from holding any civil office, had not been deemed to extend to the
place of Regents, and several of them had been appointed. Two
of the committee deemed this sufficient, but the chairman dissented
from this view, claiming that they were as much civil officers as
were any of the State officers then chosen by joint ballot of the
Legislature. The question was laid aside at the time, and was not
again raised, nor, so far as we are informed, was it ever judicially
decided.
Changes under the Constitution of 1846.
The adoption of the Constitution of 1846 rendered it necessary
to make some changes in the mode of distribution to academies, or
to provide from other funds for continuing the grants that for some
years had been annually made. Since 1838 the sum of $40,000
had been given to the academies for general purposes, under the
rules of appportionment based upon attendance of classical students:
and of this, $12,000 came from the income of the Literature Fund,
and $28,000 from that of the United States Deposit Fund. Most
of the excess beyond $28,000, received from the latter, had since its
beginning (and from other funds since 1834), been applied to the
purchase of text-books, maps, globes, and philosophical and chem-
ical apparatus for such academies subject to the visitation of the
Regents, as had raised an equal sum for the same object.
The question to be decided was, whether this appropriation
should be continued, now that $25,000 a year of the income of the
United States Deposit Fund was to be added to the principal of the
School Fund or whether it should be reduced by this amount.
There were some other objects of expense to be likewise met from
other sources.
The Legislature has acted upon this matter from year to year as
the occasion required. The grant of $25,000 to the Common
School Fund, has been regularly and punctually made, and when
occasional deficiencies have occurred in the revenue of these
anteed funds, they have been made up from other sources by ap-
propriations.
guar-
Another question indirectly affecting the higher educational in-
stitutions of the State was involved in an amendment to the Con-
stitution adopted in 1874, in which neither the credit-nor the money
of the State could be given or loaned in aid of any association,
corporation or private undertaking, with the following exceptions:
“This section shall not, however, prevent the Legislature from mak-
80
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
99
ing such provision for the education and support of the blind, the
deaf and dumb, and juvenile delinquents, as to it may seem proper.
Nor shall it apply to any fund or property now held, or which
may
be hereafter held by the State for educational purposes.
The policy of this exception has been criticised,' but no action
has been had, or is in prospect for further action, and the relation
of these institutions to the State remains as before.
CHAPTER IV.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
The control of a fund for the promotion of literature, with power
to regulate its distribution upon compliance with rules, has undoubt-
edly been the principal agency by which the Regents of the Univer-
sity have been enabled to secure a successful management of the
academic institutions of the State. A beginning had been made for the
formation of a fund for this purpose, before the Board of Regents
in its present form was created.
By an act passed May 10, 1784, and intended to apply to all the un-
appropriated lands belonging to the State, the Board of Commis-
sioners of the Land Office was created, and empowered to lay out the
land into townships six miles square, and in each of these a lot of
three hundred acres was reserved for the use of a minister of the
gospel, and one of six hundred and ninety acres for a school or
schools.
This was followed by another act passed May 5, 1786," "for the
speedy sale of the unappropriated lands of the State," in which the
Commissioners of the Land Office were to cause one lot to be marked
by the Surveyor-General "Gospel and Schools," and one other lot
"for Promoting Literature." The former was reserved for the ob-
jects mentioned, within the township, and has since formed the basis
of various local school funds, and the first help in the erection of
churches; the other was reserved to the people of the State, to be
afterward applied as the Legislature might direct, for the promotion
of literature within the State."
¹ Common School Report, 1874, p. 55.
2 Chap. 67, 9th Sess. (folio), p. 129.
3 Under this act, the townships were to be ten miles square, and the Ten Towns
of the St. Lawrence were laid out under its provisions. The lots were one mile
square.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
81
In the creation of the Board of Regents, no funds were assigned
to their control, although the intention of placing means at their dis-
posal was plainly expressed. The reservations proposed in this were
for many years unproductive, and were afterward disposed of by the
Legislature by special acts. The want of means for rendering their
operations effective was felt from the beginning, and the subsequent
creation of a Literature Fund, subject to the control of the Regents,
was undoubtedly due to the representations which they made, and
the influence which they controlled.
In their second annual report, dated December 27, 1788, after
noticing the flourishing condition of the College and the two Acade-
mies then under their care, they added:
"But whilst we thus express our satisfaction at the circumstances
already enumerated, we cannot but lament the existence of others
which have a direct tendency to check the progress of science, and
in some measure to defeat the ends of our institution.
"As the education of youth and culture of learning are connected
with the improvement of Useful Arts, and nourish both the disposi-·
tion and abilities requisite for the defense of Freedom and rational
Government, so they have been esteemed in every civilized country
as objects of the highest importance. In our State it was evidently
intended that the University should possess and exercise a general
superintendence over all literary establishments which might be found
among us, and that it should direct the system in such a manner as
would conduce to the harmony and interest of the whole. In the
course of our duty we have seen with regret, that several of the
literary establishments in this State are destitute of funds for their
support, and involved in debt or dependent on private bounty; that
even Columbia College is in such a situation as to want a Library
and proper Mathematical apparatus, and that a number of the youth
belonging to our State are from these circumstances induced to finish
their education at other Colleges, in preference to the one established
among us.
"These we consider as evils of a serious nature, and if it was in our
power, we should endeavor to rescue the seats of learning from a
situation which circumscribes their utility and renders their duration
limited or precarious. Our attention would naturally extend, not
only to subsisting literary corporations, but to the erection of Acade-
mies in every part of the State; and it is obvious that the most im-
portant purposes might be attained by affording timely assistance to
infant seminaries, which must otherwise languish for a time, and
perhaps finally perish. But unfortunately the University is unpro-
vided with the ineans even to pay the contingent expenses arising
from the immediate duties which the Legislature has prescribed.
In this situation we trust that it will not be deemed improper to
suggest, that the land belonging to the State at Crown Point, Ti-
66
•11
82
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
conderoga, and Fort George, contribute in a very trifling degree, if
at all, to the public revenues, but would with careful management
afford an income to the University, which might be appropriated
from time to time to the most salutary purposes. We have the
highest confidence in the wisdom of the Legislature, and their dis-
position to encourage those institutions upon which the happiness of
a Republican Government in some measure depends, and, therefore,
we hope that they will grant the lands above mentioned to the Uni-
versity, upon such conditions as may be judged expedient, and make
such further provision for the support of learning as shall appear to
be proper.'
وو
In their report for the next year, the Regents repeated in sub-
stance their former recommendation of the general importance of
encouraging literature by the aid of funds, and quoting from the
first annual message of President Washington, delivered a few days
before, they add, that "knowledge is in every country the surest
basis of public happiness, and in our own most essential to the com-
mon prosperity.
*
X
*
*
*
*
1
*
"Under these impressions we trust that the rulers of our coun-
try will think a part of the public property cannot be better em-
ployed than in removing those disadvantages to which learning is at
present exposed, and enabling us to guard against their existence in
future.
“We feel the greater anxiety on the present occasion because we
are convinced that the public liberality would be productive of the
most happy effects. Even under all the difficulties arising from ex-
isting circumstances, we have received applications for the incorpora-
tion of Academies in the counties of Westchester and Orange.”¹
These recommendations led to the passage of an act, March 31,
1790,2 entitled "An act for the further Encouragement of Litera-
ture," which vested the title of lands at Crown Point, Ticonderoga
and Fort George, and of Governor's Island in New York harbor,"
¹ North Salem Academy and Farmers' Hall at Goshen.
2 Chap. 38, Laws of 13th Sess. (folio), p. 31.
3 Chap. 28, 25th Sess. 1802.
"Nut
4 This island in New York Harbor was known in Colonial times as
Island," or "Nutten Island," and was held for the Governor's use. By an act
passed March 29, 1784, its name was changed to " Governor's Island," and it was
continued for the Governor's use until otherwise disposed of by the Legislature.
By an act passed March 31, 1790, for the encouragement of literature, this
island was (with other lands forming military reservations upon Lake George
and Lake Champlain) granted to the Regents, unless needed for military
purposes, and the same day a committee was appointed by the Board, consisting
LITERATURE FUNDS.
83
in the Regents of the University, the rents, issues and profits of
which were to be applied for the better advancement of science in
the College, and in the Academies then or thereafter incorporated, as
would best answer the ends of their institution, and the true intent
and meaning of this act, but reserving right of re-entry in case they
might be needed for the public defense. For present use, and in
addition to this grant, the Regents received £1,000, to be applied as
they might direct.
The grant at the south end of Lake George being found to inter-
fere with other grants of prior date, a tract of 1,724 acres on the
east side of the lake, and adjoining, was given April 3, 1802,¹ and
the former grant, so far as not included in this, was declared void.
The Regents were empowered to convey these lands, and those at
Ticonderoga and Crown Point, to Columbia and Union Colleges, in
such proportions as they might deem reasonable and just.
RESERVATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES IN THE MILITARY TRACT.
A tract of ten townships in the northern part of the State, now
of General Schuyler, Mr. L'Hommedieu and Mr. Benson, to prepare a plan for the
management and disposal of these lands.
On the 7th of April, 1790, this committee reported as to Governor's Island as
follows:
"That a committee be appointed and authorized to enter into contracts with
any person or persons who may be willing to take a lease or leases of Governor's
Island, on such terms and conditions and in such manner as the committee shall
deem proper, so as no such lease shall be for a longer term than twenty-one years,
and so as said island shall not be leased in more than two parcels, and the leases
shall in other respects be conformable to an act of the Legislature granting the
said island to this corporation."
This report was agreed to, and Mr. Verplanck, Mr. Clarkson and Mr. Benson
were appointed a committee for carrying this plan into effect.
On the 2d of August of that year, Mr. Verplanck reported from this committee
that in consequence of a sale at public auction the committee had entered into a
contract with John Price, that the Regents would lease the said island to him for
the term of twenty-one years, from the 4th day of May previous, at an annual
rent of ninety-three pounds ($232.50), without any deduction for taxes. This being
confirmed, leases were ordered to be prepared and sealed in duplicate, one for
each party. A charge of £9 11s. for expenses of the transaction, was allowed
and paid.
On the 26th of March, 1794, commissioners were appointed for erecting fortifi-
cations in New York Harbor, and works were commenced upon Governor's Island.
The title of the Regents became void by this proceeding. The island has from
that period been exclusively devoted to military purposes, excepting that from
1794 to 1797 the Quarantine was located upon it. Jurisdiction was ceded to the
United States February 15, 1800, with "Fort Jay" then partly erected upon it.
1 Chap. 25, Laws of 1802.
84
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
included in Franklin, Clinton and Essex counties, was granted with-
out reservations for educational purposes, May 5, 1786. This being
found undesirable, another tract of 1,680,000 acres in the present
counties of Cayuga, Cortland, Onondaga, Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca,
Tompkins and Wayne was granted in lieu of it, and in this six lots
in each township were reserved as follows: One for the promoting
of the gospel and a public school or schools; one for promoting
literature in the State, and the other four to equalize the shares of
claimants under the bounty act.
Under an act passed April 11, 1796, the Supervisors of Onondaga
county (then including the whole of this tract), were authorized to
designate one lot in each township for the promotion of literature,
and on the 28th of September of that year they certified the follow-
ing as reserved for this use:
Townships.
1. Lysander.
2. Hannibal
3. Cato
•
4. Brutus..
5. Camillus
7. Manlius.
8. Aurelius
9. Marcellus
10. Pompey
11. Romulus.
12. Scipio ..
13. Sempronius
·
•
Literature
lots.
Townships.
100 15. Fabius
14 16. Ovid..
Literature
lots.
36
23
56
94
85
41
6
24
6. Cicero
14. Tully..
•
•
89 17. Milton.
58 18. Locke
15 19. Homer
16 20. Solon.
18 21. Hector.
36 22. Ulysses
19 23. Dryden
31 24. Virgil.
55 25. Cincinnatus
82 26. Junius..
25 27. Galen
•
•
63
20
49
79
33
69 28. Sterling (not laid out into lots)
On the 13th of March, 1809, under an act passed April 11, 1808,
they designated lot 88, in Sterling, as a literature lot.
These and other reservations laid the foundation of land-grants,
made to separate institutions, and were sold and invested as a Litera-
ture Fund as follows:
Military Tract.-The literature lots in townships 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 15, 16, 17 and 20, granted to Union College.
Township 13, lot 25, given to Oxford Academy by chapter 112,
Laws of 1800.
Township 5, lot 15, given to Pompey Academy by chapter 119,
Laws of 1813.
Township 3, lot 89, given to Cayuga Academy by chapter 71,
Laws of 1814.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
85
Township 1, lot 100, given to Onondaga Academy by chapter
200, Laws of 1814.
Township 19, lot 85, given to Cortland Academy by chapter 10,
Laws of 1822.
Township 28, lot 88, given to Auburn Academy by chapter 266,
Laws of 1825.
Township 22, lot 24, given to Ithaca Academy by chapter 308,
Laws of 1826.
The remainder (in townships 2, 4, 6, 14, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 and
27), were sold for the general benefit of the Literature Fund.
Clinton Township.-(Now in Bainbridge, Afton and Coventry.)
Lot granted to "Jericho " [Bainbridge] by chapter 3, Laws of 1882,
for schools. All other townships in Broome and Chenango counties,
were sold for the Literature Fund.
The Ten Towns in St. Lawrence county.-Literature lots granted
as follows:
Potsdam, given to St. Lawrence Academy by chapter 148, Laws
of 1816.
Canton, given to Lowville Academy by chapter 134, Laws of 1818.
In the remaining townships the lands were sold and given to the
Literature Fund,' excepting $1,000 to Middlebury Academy in
1823, $1,000 to Redhook Academy in 1824, and $2,500 to St. Law-
rence Academy in 1825.
Other special grants have been made to Academies as elsewhere
noticed in connection with our account of these institutions.
Literature Lotteries.— By an act passed April 3, 1801,ª entitled
"An act for the promotion of Literature," provision was made for
the drawing of four successive Lotteries, each of $25,000, and from
the avails of these the sum of $12,500 was to be paid to the Regents,
to be distributed among the Academies, the residue going toward the
formation of a Common School Fund.
1 The Literature Lots of the eight remaining townships (each including 640
acres), were appraised as follows:
Madrid..
Oswegatchie
Cambray
Louisville.
Lisbon..
Stockholm.
De Kalb
Hague...
•
The lot in Hague (Morristown) was mostly covered with water.
Journal, 1829, p. 336.
2 Chap. 53, Laws of 1801.
$1,918 69
679 82
716 49
1,379 00
715 69
1,305 03
963 07
144 99
Assembly
86
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Crumhorn Mountain Tract. This tract was, by act of April 12,
1813,' directed to be sold for the benefit of Academies as the Regents
of the University might direct. The avails of this grant amounted to
$10,416, and went into the general Literature Fund.
·
Lands in Broome and Chenango counties.- By an act passed
April 13, 1813,' entitled "An act to authorize the sale of lands
appropriated for the promotion of Literature," the Cominissioners of
the Land Office were required to sell all the lands formerly granted
for the promotion of Literature in the Military Tract and in Chenango
and Broome counties, and to invest the proceeds as best calculated
to secure the principal and the regular payment of interest. The
income was to be distributed by the Regents among Academies as
they might deem just and equitable, taking into account all former
or present endowments from the State. This was not, however, to
include lot 24 in Ulysses, 36 in Aurelius, and 85 in Homer, reserved
for Academies in these townships, and lot 15 in Camillus, granted by
this act to Pompey Acadeiny.'
Arrears of Quit-Rents. In 1819, the arrears of quit-rents,
amounting to $53,380, were equally divided between the Literature
and Common School Funds.
The increase of the Literature Fund in 1827. By an act
passed April 13, 1827, the Comptroller was authorized to
receive any bonds and mortgages taken, or that might thereafter
be taken, on the sale of any lands belonging to the Canal Fund, to
the amount of $150,000, in payment for so much of the canal stock
owned by this State, belonging to the General Fund, and thereupon
to cancel and discharge the like amount of said canal stock and the
bonds and mortgages when so received, and the sum of $150,000 of
the said canal stock, until the said bonds and mortgages were re-
I Chap. 187, Laws of 1813.
2 Chap. 199, Laws of 1813.
³ From a report made in March, 1818, it appears that the following funds had
been derived from the sale of these lands:
Bonds for the consideration of lands sold
Bonds and mortgages taken to secure loans.
Balance in the treasury.
Total.....
$21,925 81
7,750 00
59 28
$29,735 09
Besides this, there were then 2,286 acres in the Military Tract and in Broome
and Chenango counties, and 2,473 acres in the Crumhorn Mountain Tract, belong-
ing to the Literature Fund.
4 Chap. 222, Laws of 1819
5 Chap. 228, Laws of 1827, p. 237.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
87
ceived, were transferred to the Literature Fund, subject to the con-
trol of the Regents.
This was done upon condition that the whole income arising from
the fund then under their control, as well as that thus added, should
be distributed among the incorporated Academies and seminaries of
the State, other than Colleges, which were subject to the visitation of
said Regents, or which might within one year, by a valid corporate
act, place themselves under the visitation and control of the Regents,
to the same extent as the Academies incorporated by them, which
distribution was to be made in proportion to the number of pupils
instructed for six months during the preceding year, who had pursued
classical studies, or the higher branches of English education, or both.
No pupil was to be deemed to have pursued classical studies, un-
less he had advanced as far at least as to have read the first book of
the Æneid of Virgil in Latin; and in an English education, to be-
yond such knowledge of common, vulgar and decimal arithmetic,
and such proficiency in English grammar and geography as are
usually obtained in common schools.
To enable the Regents to make this distribution, they were em-
powered to require annual returns to be made annually on or before
the 1st of February, to the Secretary of their Board, upon oath of the
Principal, or of one of the Trustees, showing the names and ages of
all pupils instructed during the year previous; the time instructed;
a particular statement of the studies pursued by each pupil at the
beginning of such instruction, and of the studies subsequently pur-
sued up to the date of such report; the philosophical or chemical
apparatus, mathematical or other scientific instruments, and the li-
brary belonging to the Academy; the names of instructors, with
their pay; the funds and income; its debts and incumbrances, and
the application of the moneys, if any, received during the year pre-
vious from the Regents.
An abstract of these returns was to be presented to the Legislature,
before the 1st of March in each year, so as to present a general
view of the particulars embraced in the returns, and an account of
the distribution of the income of the Literature Fund. The Regents
were to cause blank forms to be prepared by the State printer, for
the making of these returns.
The Regents, in their report presented in February, 1834, made
the following statement as to the effect which this increase in the
capital of the Literature Fund had produced at that time upon the
Academies of the State:
88
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
"In 1827, immediately previous to the great increase made by the
Legislature of that year to the Literature Fund, the whole number
of Academies from which reports were received by the Regents was
33; and the whole number of students belonging to them at the
time the reports were made was 2,440; while the proportion of those
students returned as classical scholars was only 709. Since that
time, and during the short period of only seven years, the number
of Academies making reports to the Regents, and receiving distribu-
tive shares of the income of the Literature Fund, has been doubled;
and the whole number of students belonging to them has been con-
siderably more than doubled; while the number of classical scholars,
or scholars in the higher branches of English education, has become,
in 1834, nearly five times greater than it was in 1827. Some part
of this great increase is probably owing to the enlarged limits given
to the classical or favored studies since 1827, whereby many students
not formerly included in the grade of classical or favored students,
have now become entitled to that rank; but it is believed that the
chief cause of the increase will be found in the new impulse given
to academic studies by the increased endowment of the Literature
Fund made by the Legislature in 1827."
The following transfer of funds was ordered by an act passed
April 25, 1831;¹
The Comptroller, under the direction of the Commissioners of
the Canal Fund, was directed to transfer, as of January 1, preced-
ing, the bonds and mortgages then in his office belonging to the
Oswego Canal Fund, for five per cent canal stock, held by the
Regents as a part of the Literature Fund; and the Regents were to
transfer to the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, an amount of
said canal stock equal to the amount of said bonds and mortgages.
The stock, when so transferred, was to be redeemed by the Com-
missioners with money belonging to the Erie and Champlain Canal
Fund, and the amount credited to the Oswego Canal Fund, and the
certificates of stock so redeemed were to be canceled. The in-
terest due upon these bonds and mortgages at the time of the
transfer were to be a part of the capital of the Literature Fund;
and whenever an amount of interest equal to the amount due at the
time of transfer should be paid upon them, it was to be invested as
a part of the Literature Fund.
The reason for making this transfer may be inferred from the re-
port of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, made in 1831, which
shows that there was then a large surplus of the Erie and Cham-
plain Canal Fund on their hands which could not be invested. The
amount of principal in this transfer was $8,752.07, and of interest,
$900.93. A mistake was made in the canceling, which, however,
1
1 Chap 281, Laws of 1831.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
89
did not affect the Literature Fund, and was remedied by subsequent
legislation.
Reports upon the condition of the Literature Fund in charge of
the Regents were not made publicly until under a resolution of the
Legislature, passed March 2, 1819, under which they were required
to report this information annually, stating the mode of its invest-
ment, the revenue derived therefrom, and the amount distributed
among Academies during the preceding year.
The unpublished reports of the treasurer of the Regents during
the preceding period show the investment and income of this fund
from year to year. The money was usually invested in the stock of
banks and insurance companies, commonly yielding from eight to
nine per cent, or upon city stocks, or bonds and mortgages, and in
some instances to Academies at legal rates of interest, and there ap-
pears to have been no loss of principal in any of these investments.
By an act passed January 25, 1832,' the management of the
Literature Fund was directed to be transferred from the Regents to
the Comptroller, who was thenceforth required to audit and settle
annually the accounts for necessary incidental expenses and pay the
sums apportioned by the Regents to the academies entitled to share
in the Literature Fund. This transfer was to be made within sixty
days, and was executed on the 20th of March, of that year, by
a formal deed of assignment, which conveyed the following property:
1. Bank and Insurance Stocks.
New York State Bank, 579 shares of $50 (reduced
to $28) each; dated April 19, 1814. Dividend
paid to March 14, 1832.
Albany Insurance Co., 100 shares of $60 each;
dated November 15, 1828. Dividend paid to
March 16, 1832.
Canal Bank of Albany, 23 shares of $20 each
dated February 14, 1831 Dividend paid to
March 1, 1832..
2. New York State Stocks.
In four different items; in all……´….
In four different items; in all.....
$16, 212 00
6, 000 00
460 00
16, 044 87
3. Bonds, Mortgages and other evidences of Debt.
19, 828 43
Regents...
862 21
Total of above..
$59, 407 51
¹ Chap. 8, Laws of 1832.
4. Balance of account as audited and settled by the
12
90
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
5. Property held by the Regents in Trust.
Six per cent State stock held in trust for Delaware
Academy, under an act passed April 12, 1819...
Balance of $10,000 apportioned to Academies, but
not paid...
$4, 825 00
5, 080 07
Since this transfer, a statement of the mode of investment, and
of receipts and payments have been reported annually by the Comp-
troller. There has been no considerable variation in the amount of
capital, which is required by the Constitution to be preserved in-
violate, and its revenue applicable only to the support of Acade-
mies.' Its mode of investment was reported in January, 1884 (refer-
ring to the 30th of September previous), as follows:
United States four and a half per cent registered
bonds...
United States four per cent registered bonds
District of Columbia three and sixty-five-hundredths
per cent registered bonds....
Six per cent deficiency stock, 1887..
Six per cent deficiency stock, 1891...
One hundred shares of Albany Insurance Co. stock..
Money in the treasury.
Total...
$102,600 00
10, 000 00
25, 000 00
28, 000 00
102, 000 00
4, 000 00
380 76
$271,980 76
The appropriations from the income of this fund have been made
annually, and for specific objects. The amount appropriated in
1884 was
2,000 to Academies for dividends, and $3,000 for books
and apparatus for Academies. The sum of $3,000 was also appro-
priated in 1884, from the income of the United States Depɔsit
Fund, for this purpose
UNITED STATES DEPOSIT FUND.
Under an act of Congress approved June 15, 1836, the surplus
moneys in the national treasury on the 1st of January, 1837, after
deducting $5,000,000, were directed to be deposited among the
States on the basis of representation in Congress. It was regarded
as a deposit liable to be withdrawn and in February, 1861, when
treason was fast ripening into open rebellion and the credit of the
government was at lowest ebb, the Legislature of this State pledged
itself to guarantee its repayment; but this emergency did not come
¹ Article IX, Constitution of 1846. A like guarantee is applied to the Common
School Fund, and the United States Deposit Fund.
LITERATURE FUNDS.
91
and the fund has from the beginning been a rich legacy to the coin-
mon schools and other educational institutions of the State. The
surplus in the treasury supposed to be available for distribution
under the above act was $37,468,859.97, to be paid in four quarterly
installments, but when three of these were paid the surplus was
exhausted, and but $28,101,644.96 was paid.
The following table' gives the amount received by the several
States, and the disposition made of the funds by the first acts that
were passed by the States, no account being taken of subsequent
legislation:
STATES.
No. of
electoral
rotes.
Amount
received.
Object to which applied.
Alabama..
Arkansas...
Connecticut...
Delaware.
•
73∞ ∞
8
286,751 48
764, 670 61
3
286, 751 48
Florida
Georgia
Illinois...
Indiana..
Kentucky...
Louisiana.
Maine..
Massachusetts..
Maryland..
Mississippi..
Missouri..
Michigan..
New Hampshire.
•
New Jersey..
New York..
North Carolina..
Ohio....
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island..
South Carolina..
Tennessee...
Vermont...
Virginia..
11
· •
1,051, 422 09
5
•
9
•
15
5
10
•
14
10
955,838 27
4
•
382, 335 31
4
382,335 31
3
286,751 48
669,086 78
8
764, 670 61
42
4,014, 520 71
15
1,433, 757 40
21
2,007, 260 36
Education.
30
•
2,867, 514 80
4
•
382, 335 31
11
1,051, 422 09
15
1,433,757 40
7
$669, 086 78
477, 919 13
860, 254 44
1,443, 757 40
477, 919 13
955, 838 27
1,338, 173 57
669,086 78
Education.
General purposes.
Education 1-2, gen'l purposes 1-2.
Education.
Education 1-3, gen'l purposes 2-3.
Education in part, int. imp. in part.
Education 1-2, gen'l purposes 1-2.
Education.
General purposes.
General purposes.
General purposes.
Education in part, geu'l pur. in part.
General purposes.
Education.
Internal improvements
General purposes.
General purposes.
Education.
Education in part, int. imp. in part.
Education in part.
Education.
Education 1-3, gen'l purposes 2-3.
General purposes.
Education.
23
2, 198, 428 04
General purposes.
$28, 101, 645 00
The principal of this deposit was in this State, $4,014,520.71, and
from its income, $28,000 have been given annually to Academies,
beginning with 1838.
This table was prepared for the present use by Secretary Murray, of the
Board of Regents.
92
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Under a requirement in section 1 of article 9 of the Constitution
of 1846, the sum of $25,000 has been taken annually from the in-
come of the United States Deposit Fund, and added to the principal
of the Common School Fund, which has thus increased nearly a
million of dollars in amount since this measure began.¹
In addition to the annual appropriation of $28,000, from the in-
come of the United States Deposit Fund, for distribution among
Academies in proportion to the attendance of students pursuing
studies under the rules required by the Regents, there has been
granted annually the sum of $18,000 (varying somewhat in different
years, and now fixed at $30,000), for the instruction of common
school teachers in Academies, and various special appropriations to
higher educational institutions of the State.
The condition of this fund is reported annually by the Comptrol-
ler, and from the report made in January, 1884, the mode of its in-
vestment appears as follows:
Mortgages for loans in charge of the Commissioners
of the several counties, including the amount in-
vested in county bonds in pursuance of chap. 553,
Laws of 1861..
Six per cent Canal Deficiency Loan, redeemable in
1891....
Four per cent United States registered bonds, re-
deemable in 1907.....
Bonds of the District of Columbia, 3-65 per cent
($140,000), cost...
$2, 352, 832 26
52, 000 00
801, 000 00
137,300 00
(par value).
Bonds of the District of Columbia 365 per cent
Too
375,000 00
May 1, 1910 to 1919..
Troy city 31 per cent registered bonds, redeemable
50,000 00
Bond and mortgage of the Commissioners of Emi-
gration, four per cent..
Money in the treasury .
Total ...
$4,014, 520 71
1 The capital of the Common School Fund, at the beginning of the present fiscal
year, was $3,827,901.54, of which more than two-thirds ($2,273,000) was invested
in United States registered four per cent bonds redeemable in 1907, and the re-
mainder chiefly in city and county bonds and mortgages of unquestionable valid ·
ity, but less productive than in former years on account of low rates of interest.
The revenue during the fiscal year 1883 was $577,802.34.
200, 000 00
46, 388 45
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
93
The appropriations made from the revenue of the United States
Deposit Fund in 1884, were as follows:
For dividends to common schools..
For dividends to Academies..
For the increase of capital of Common School Fund.
For instruction and supervision of classes of com-
mon school teachers, in the Academies and Union
Schools, designated by the Regents...
For establishing and conducting examinations in ac-
cordance with chapter 425, Laws of 1877......
For refunding money erroneously paid into the
treasury.
•
$75, 000 00
28,000 00
25, 000 00
30, 000 00
10, 000 00
1,000 00
For the purchase of text-books, maps, globes and
philosophical apparatus for Academies.
3,000 00
$172, 000 00
Total....
Formerly the salaries of School Commissioners were paid from
this fund, but these are now paid from the School fund.
Having given a general outline of the origin and organization of
the Board of Regents, and a statement of the funds under its con-
trol, we will present, in the order in which they have arisen, the
principal facts of record concerning the Colleges and Academies of
the State of New York, the agency of the latter in the preparation
of Teachers of Common Schools, the first, and for many years the
only Normal School of the State, the State Library, the State
Museum, and the various scientific and literary subjects that have
come under their care.
CHAPTER V.
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
There being applications pending for college charters from Kings-
ton, Fairfield and Hamilton-Oneida Academies, in the spring of
1811 the matter was made the subject of a report by the committee,
which being concurred in by the Board March 11, 1811, became the
declared policy of the Regents in respect to new colleges, as follows:
"That under the provisions of the act instituting the University,
no Academy ought to be erected into a College until the state of
94
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
literature therein is so far advanced and its funds so far enlarged, as
to render it probable that it will attain the ends and support the
character of a College in which all the liberal arts and sciences are
to be cherished and taught.
"That in the opinion of the committee, no College ought to be
established until suitable buildings have been provided and a fund
created, consisting of a capital of at least $50,000, yielding an
annual income of $3,500. The Academies in question furnish no
evidence of any such requisite means, and their petitions ought not
to be granted.
*
*
*
"The literary character of the State is deeply interested in main-
taining the reputation of its seminaries of learning; and to multiply
Colleges without adequate means to enable them to vie with other
similar institutions in the United States, would be to degrade their
character, and to be giving only another name to an ordinary
Academy. The establishment of a College is also imposing upon
the Government the necessity of bestowing upon it a very liberal
and expensive patronage, and without that patronage it would lan-
guish and not maintain a due reputation for usefulness and universal
learning. The committee are, therefore, of opinion that Colleges are
to be cautiously erected, and only when called for by strong public
expediency."
The Policy of Restricting the Number of Colleges and of the Incor-
poration of Denominational Colleges by the Regents, Considered
and Settled.
In March, 1822, the Methodists of the Genesee Conference pre-
sented a petition for the incorporation of a college at Ithaca. They
represented that their subscriptions amounted to more than $6,000,
and they intended to proceed in the erection of a building as soon
as the spring opened, in case an incorporation could be obtained.
The trustees of Geneva Academy at the same time presented an ap-
plication for a charter, representing also as directly sectarian an interest
as the former, and this gave opportunity to the Regents for consid-
ering the policy that should govern their Board in cases of this kind,
which would undoubtedly arise in applications from various religious
denominations. A select committee was appointed to report upon
this subject, consisting of Mr. Duer, Mr. Lansing and Mr. Williams,
and on the 25th of March, 1832, Mr. Duer, from this committee, rc-
ported as follows:
"That your committee have given to these respective applications
that full and deliberate consideration which their importance seemed
to demand; and they now beg leave to present to the Regents a
summary of the facts and reasoning which have led to their con-
clusions in regard to them.
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
95
"The first of these petitions states in substance that the Genesee
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at their last annual
meeting, resolved to establish a Seminary of Learning within their
district. That in the prosecution of this intention, they appointed
a committee to designate a place for the institution, superintend the
collection of funds, and apply to this Board for an act of incorpora-
tion. This committee has fixed upon a site in the vicinity of the
village of Ithaca, had obtained subscriptions to the amount of more
than $6,000, and had resolved to proceed in the course of the ap-
proaching spring to the erection of buildings. The petitioners
further represent that the system of education proposed to be
adopted in this institution is the same as that pursued in other semi-
naries of learning in this State, and they, therefore, solicit the appro-
bation of this Board, and pray for its aid to enable them to complete
their plan.'
"The petition of the Trustees of the Geneva Academy represents,
that the only effectual means of securing the ends for which that
institution was established, they have determined to make an effort
to procure for it such endowments as they trust may entitle it to
the powers and privileges of a College. They state that they al-
ready have property secured to the amount of $1,500, independ-
ently of their lot and buildings, which they value at $9,500. They
also receive an annuity from the corporation from Trinity Church in
New York, of $750 for the support of a principal and assistant,
which, it is supposed, would be rendered permanent to the President
of the College. In addition to this, they have expectations of aid
from other sources from which they calculate upon raising funds
within the term of three years, to the amount of more than $50,000,
which shall produce, annually, more than $3,000. They, therefore,
pray for a grant, of College powers, to take effect at the expiration of
1 The committee referred to consisted of Rev. Charles Giles, Rev. George
Harmon, Rev. Jonathan Huestis, Joshua Hathaway, Joseph Speed, David Wood-
cock, Jesse Merritt, Charles Humphrey, and Elijah Atwater, Esquires. In a
pamphlet entitled "An Address of the Committee appointed by the Genesee An-
nual Conferenee to superintend the establishment of a Seminary of Learning at
Ithaca, to the Public, in behalf of the Institution" (Ithaca, 1821), they stated their
object as follows :
The Ithaca College is designed to combine all the branches of male and
female instruction from the first rudiments of an English education to the higher
sciences usually taught in American universities. And the committee are au-
thorized to give assurances that although it has been announced under the
auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and will be conducted ostensibly
under their direction, yet that it will be established on as broad and liberal prin-
ciples as any college in the United States; and a system of instruction adopted
without regard either to political or religious opinions.”
The building proposed to be erected was to be sixty-two feet by forty and three
stories high, and the amount proposed for the endowment was $40,000. The first
trustees were to be the committee above named, with Lewis Beers, William R.
Collins, Charles W. Connor and Joshua Wyckoff.
96
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
that period, provided they shall procure, within the same, the perma-
nent funds and income required by this Board.
"I. The first question which these applications present for con-
sideration relates to the policy of increasing the present number of
incorporated Colleges, and extending the patronage of the State
beyond those which have already received charters.
"Your committee are well aware that an opinion has obtained
amongst a highly respectable and intelligent portion of the com-
munity in favor of concentrating the efforts of both public and
private munificence to the existing institutions, in the hope of
serving more effectually the great cause of education, by the accu-
mulation of those funds which would otherwise be distributed in
local and partial endowments, by the consequent increase of the
emoluments of professors and tutors, as well as of the means of
collecting large libraries, and forming extensive depositories of
philosophical apparatus, and by thus assembling together in a few
great establishments, numerous bodies of persons devoted to the
common pursuit of literature and science. But, however advantage-
ous institutions upon such a scale and foundation may have proved
in countries which have made greater progress in wealth, population
and the arts of a refined and luxurious civilization than our own;
however admirably adapted to the security of a political hierarchy,
or favorable to the enjoyment of that ease and leisure which in
those countries is sometimes both the incentive and reward of liter-
ary exertion, yet your committee, with due deference, conceive, that in
this country such establishments are neither applicable to the state
of society, congenial to the manners and characters of the people,
or consistent with the form and principles of the government.
•
"The great end of education is, to fit men for the active duties of
life, and imbue them with those principles of morality which are
as essential to the welfare of society as to the present and future
happiness of individuals; and in this country, it seems to your com-
mittee, that the former of these combined objects ought to be kept
steadily in view, to the exclusion of the prospect of literary boun-
ties and rewards, so long as the habits and condition of the com-
munity preclude the separation of a portion of its members into a
distinct, class, devoted solely to the cultivation of polite literature
and of the sciences; whilst the latter branch of the same great end
should constitute the chief purpose of the system of public instruc-
tion under a government whose existence depends on the virtue and
intelligence of the people.
"That system, therefore, which is best calculated to promote this
two fold object of public education ought to receive the preference,
and the point seems in some measure already settled, in favor of the
multiplication and distribution of the higher seminaries of learning
by the act of the Legislature under which the Board derives its
powers. By this law the University of the State,' comprehends
all the Colleges, Academies and Schools,' which are or may be
established therein. The Regents who form the corporation are
(
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
97
6
directed to hold their annual meetings at the seat of the State Gov-
ernment, which is liable to be changed at the pleasure of the Legis-
lature; and provision is made for the incorporation by them, of
Colleges and Academies at any place,' and in any of the cities
und counties within this State. Thus negatively the idea of estab-
lishing a seat for the University, or of limiting the number of the
various Seminaries of which it is composed, excepting so far as the
solid discretion of the Regents may deem it expedient to do so.
The only question then is, whether under present circumstances, it
be not more advisable for the Regents, in the execution of the trust
and discretion vested in them, to avail themselves of that spirit of
rivalship and emulation between different and neighboring districts
which has already been productive of so much improvement in
other departments of public administration, and thus secure a cer-
tain increase of the aggregate fund appropriated to the promotion of
literature, even at the hazard of the success of some of these local
and contiguous seminaries, than to depend upon contingencies for
the graudual increase and prosperity of the existing institutions un-
der a system, which, although it may produce a few more perfect
and accomplished scholars, is neither so well calculated for the gen-
eral diffusion of knowledge, nor so certain to render it practically
useful. Upon the most mature reflection, your committee have de-
cided in the affirmative of this question, and it remains, therefore,
only to examine in the second place :
"II. Whether there be any thing of a religious or sectarian object
in either of the applications now under consideration to induce the
Regents to reject it.
"The proposition for the incorporation of the Ithaca College
avowedly proceeds from a branch of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and a majority of the persons proposed for trustees are
confessedly of that persuasion. Whilst the Geneva Academy is not
only under the control of Episcopalians, but as appears from the
face of the petition presented by its trustees, the patronage which it
has heretofore received from Trinity Church is expected to be con-
tinued to it, if erected into a College, and is relied on as a material
item for its support.
"Now do these circumstances of themselves afford a sufficient
reason for refusing to incorporate either of these institutions, as a
higher seminary of classical education, under the existing law? This
is all that is asked for by either set of petitioners, and this is all that
the Regents have authority in any case to grant. Are any evil or
dangerous consequences to be apprehended from the grant of such a
charter? Would it in any degree militate against the letter or spirit
of the Constitution? Or as it particularly respects the Geneva
Academy, would that particular institution partake more of a secta-
rian character from being erected into a College than it does at
present?
"The act relative to the University not only subjects the whole
system of Education and Discipline in every College and Academy
13
98
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
to the examination and control of the Regents, but declares that 'no
president or professor shall be ineligible for or by reason of any re-
ligious tenet that he may possess, or be compelled by any law or
otherwise to take any test oath whatever.'
"Every charter granted by this Board must, of course, be taken
subject to these restrictions, as so long as they remain in force it
seems impossible that any College or Academy can be converted to
sectarian purposes in any other manner than by conferring upon its
students the advantages of a classical education through the in-
strumentality and under the patronage of the particular religious
society to which they may belong.
"But will the Regents refuse to avail themselves of the offers of
sectarian zeal to promote the great interests confided to their charge?
Will they, upon applications of this nature, if satisfied on other
points, stop to inquire into the religious opinions of the applicants,
unless for the purpose of preventing too many of the higher semi-
naries from being subject to the same religious sect? Your com-
mittee humbly conceive that this Board will do neither; for the
free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship,
without discrimination or preference,' which is allowed to the people
of this State by the Constitution, can only be secured to them by
placing the different sects, in all matters of civil regulation, as nearly
as may be on an equal footing, and dealing with all of them alike.
This principle indeed has been acted on by the Legislature who
from time to time have granted to various religious societies acts in-
corporating theological schools for the education of candidates for
the ministry, and whilst this rule shall be impartially adhered to, no
one sect will have reason to complain of any discrimination in favor
of another; but should a contrary policy be adopted either by the
Legislature or by this Board, the necessary effect of it would be to
give a preference to that religious sect to which the most numerous.
portion of our citizens may belong.
Upon the whole, therefore, your committee are of opinion that
the respective prayers of the petitioners so referred to them should
be severally granted, and that the Secretary should accordingly be
directed to prepare instruments to be executed in pursuance of the
sixth section of the act relative to the University, under the seal of
this Board, declaring its approbation of the respective plans on
which it is intended to found and provide for each of these institu-
tions, and allowing in each case the terms of three years for com-
pleting the same respectively. And if, at the expiration of that
time, it shall appear, to the satisfaction of the Regents, that the said
respective plans, or either of them, have been fully executed, and
permanent funds to the amount of Fifty Thousand Dollars or up
wards, for the benefit of each of the said institutions, or either of
them, have been properly secured, that then the said institutions
respectively, or that one of them for which the plan shall be sepa-
rately executed, and funds secured as aforesaid, shall thereupon be
incorporated by the Regents as a College, according to the law of
this State and the regulations of this Board."
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COlleges.
99
Which being read, it was ordered that the same lie on the table,
and that the Secretary inform the absent Regents that the Board
will take the same into consideration at their next meeting,
The question of adopting the report came up for action on the
10th of April, 1822, and passed by a vote of five to two, viz.:
For the affirmative.-Mr. Young, Mr. Bleecker, Mr. Duer, Mr.
Lansing and Mr. S. De Witt.
For the negative.-Mr. Van Vechten and Mr. J. De Witt.
Notice was served accordingly, and three years afterward Geneva
College was incorporated. The Ithaca project failed to secure the
endowment under which they could claim a charter.
The policy thus declared has never since been modified, and the
only questions considered in the incorporation of new Colleges have
been as to the means provided for their operation, and the ability of
the applicants to secure a success.
Increased Requirements in the Incorporation of Colleges.
On the 20th of May, 1836, the endowment fund required was
raised to $100,000, to be invested in bonds and mortgages; and
that besides this, that a site and buildings worth at least $30,000
should be provided. This endowment was to be fully made before the
charter was granted. The Regents would in no case appoint a Presi-
dent for an Academy unless its funds and real estate were worth at
least $130,000.
This ordinance was amended January 10, 1850, by adding a
section which provided that in case the whole of the proposed en-
dowment shall not have been fully invested in the manner required,
the Regents, if satisfied that the same had been fully paid by valid
subscriptions of responsible parties, or otherwise to them satisfac-
tory, would grant such charter with a provision therein that the said
endowment should be made as above required, within some reason-
able time to be therein named, or it should become void.
By further amendment, January 9, 1851, the applicants were re-
quired to satisfy the Regents that suitable buildings for the use of
the College would be provided, and that $100,000 had been paid or
secured to be paid; in which case a provisional charter was to be
granted for five years. But if within that time this amount was in-
vested in bonds and mortgages, United States and New York State
stocks or city bonds, then the charter was to be made perpetual.
100
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
General Act for the Incorporation of Colleges and Academies.
Although the Legislature has from an early period, but more
especially since the adoption of the Constitution of 1821, exercised
the power of granting special charters, the Regents were left at lib-
erty to exercise this privilege at their discretion, and in a large
majority of cases, the corporate powers of Colleges and Academies
were derived from them without instructions from the Legislature,
until 1853.
On the 12th of April of that year, an act was passed, entitled
"An act relative to the incorporation of Colleges and Academies."
1
It required the Regents to establish general rules and regulations,
prescribing the requisites and conditions for the incorporation of
any College, University, Academy or other institution of learning,
pursuant to the power vested in them by the "act relative to the
University," passed April 5, 1813, and by the Revised Statutes.
These charters were to be recorded in the office of the Secretary of
State, and the corporations thus created were to possess the general
powers of a corporation under the Revised Statutes.
2
The Regents might for cause shown, and by an instrument under
their seal, recorded as above, annul, alter or amend any charter
thereafter granted by them, and upon petition might modify charters
already granted, at their discretion.
The capital stock of an Academy was not to exceed $50,000.
Incorporation of Medical Colleges.
In the incorporation of two "Colleges of Physicians and Sur-
geons" (in New York city and for the Western District at Fair.
field), the Regents not deeming their powers sufficient, or regarding
them at least as uncertain, asked for and obtained special acts for
this purpose, each act being limited to the particular occasion.
"Any
In 1853' their powers were precisely defined as follows:
citizens not less than ten in number, might apply in a duly certified
writing, stating the name proposed for the institution, names of
first trustees and their number, the plan, funds and place, one copy
to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State, and a duplicate to
be delivered to the presiding officer of the Regents.
"If it should appear that the sum of $50,000 had been subscribed
1 Chap. 184, p. 354, Laws of 1853.
" Changed to " Secretary of the Board of Regents," by § 11, chap. 471, Laws of
1855.
³ Chap. 184, §§ 6 to 13, passed April 12, 1853.
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF COLLEGES.
101
in good faith, for endowment, and at least two-thirds paid in or se-
cured, to be invested in buildings, site, museum, library and appara-
tus, and other appurtenances, or invested in bonds and mortgages,
or stocks of the United States or of this State, the Regents might
grant a charter conditioned to the payment and application or in-
vestment of the whole of said $50,000 within five years.'
""
Upon presenting evidence of the fulfilment of these conditions
the charter was then to be made perpetual.
Such College might hold real and personal property to the value
of $200,000, but for no other purpose than the legitimate business
of the institution, and for the promotion of medical and surgical
science, and instruction in all departments of learning connected
therewith, and subject to the general provisions of the Revised
Statutes, relating to the practice of physic and surgery, within this
State. It was to be subject to the visitation of the Regents, and to
make an annual report, on oath, of its condition, and the various
matters required by law to be reported by other Colleges and Acade-
mies; and of the investment of its funds. If at any time it should
appear that the sum required had not been invested as required, the
Regents might vacate and annul the charter.
Such Colleges were to be subject in all respects to the general
provisions of the Revised Statutes in force at the time of proceed-
ing. The Board of Trustees was to consist of not less than ten, nor
more than twenty-four persons, and they might make all needful
by-laws and rules for the government and regulation of the college,
the appointment of Professors, instructors and other officers; the
election of Trustees, etc., not inconsistent with the laws of this
State, and might alter them upon notice of a previous meeting.
They were to have power to confer the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine, upon the recommendation of the faculty, and of at least three
Curators appointed by the Trustees and of the medical profession. But
no such degree should be conferred, excepting upon persons of good
moral character, of the age of twenty-one years, who had received
a good English education, and who had pursued the study of medi-
cine and the sciences connected therewith, for at least three years after
the age of sixteen years, and had received instruction from some
physician and surgeon fully qualified to practice his profession, until
prepared to enter a medical college.
The trustees of Colleges formed under this act, were required, upon
payment of matriculation and demonstration fees (which were not to
exceed five dollars each), to admit, without further charge, any num-
102
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORk.
ber of young persons of the State of New York (not exceeding ten
at one time), of good scholarship and moral character, who are in in-
digent circumstances, the evidence of qualification being certified by
the Judge of the county in which the applicant resides.
Notwithstanding this general act, the Legislature has granted
charters to medical colleges by special acts, down to the present
time.
In two or three instances, medical colleges have assumed corporate
powers under the general act for the formation of Benevolent,
Charitable, Scientific and Missionary Societies; but the highest
judicial authorities of the State have recently declared that medical
colleges do not come within the provisions of that act.
The Revised Statutes provide that the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine conferred by a College,' shall not be a license to practice phy-
sic or surgery, and that no College shall have, or institute, a medical
faculty to teach the science of medicine, in any other place than
where the charter locates the college.*
¹ Presumed to mean Colleges other than those expressly devoted to medical
instruction.
2 Revised Statutes, 1st ed. ii, p. 455, § 21.
CHAPTER VI.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
In early years, the condition of colleges received a very consider-
able share of attention from the Regents, and throughout the whole
century, their returns have formed a very large part of the annual
reports. It is, however, found impossible to present a continuous
series of facts statistically arranged, as well on account of the diver-
sity of manner in which the returns have been arranged in each
year, as from the changes that have been made from time to time in
the institutions, rendering comparison between different periods
quite beyond the reach of any form of tabulation.
It is our purpose to give a concise account of each of these insti-
tutions separately, but before doing this we will present a statement
of the conditions as they were reported at ten decennial intervals,
mentioning the Colleges that reported in these years, and, so far as
may be, a comparison and summary of the facts returned with refer-
ence to them.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
103
1793.
Columbia. In a flourishing condition, and number of students.
very respectable.
* * * *
1803.
Columbia.-Efforts being made to complete a building begun
some years ago. Aid recommended. Medical school on a respect-
able footing. Some aid should be granted.
Union.- Promises fair. Its funds increasing, but not enough to
pay expenses.
1813.
Columbia, Union, Hamilton.- Reports show an increasing degree
of prosperity in each, and great benefits conferred. They are recom-
mended to the unremitted support of the government. Hamilton
is yet in its infancy, but the Regents expect that it will grow with
a rapidity equal to that of the district for whose accommodation it
has been principally erected.
College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District.-
(Fairfield.) New, and Regents not sufficiently informed of its progress.
College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York.
The Medical School in Columbia College had been recently united
with it, and the talents of the two faculties were united in giving
instruction.
1823.
Columbia. Students, 130; graduates, 29.
Union.― Students, 209; graduates, 66.
Hamilton.- No report.
College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York.-
Students, 201; graduates, 45.
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Western District.-
Students, 96; graduates, 8.
104
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
1833.
Stu- Gradu-
COLLEGES.
dents. ates.
Columbia.....
Union..
Hamilton
100
24.
225
103
58
8
Geneva..
University of City of New York...
274
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Western District
217
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York city
158
Total...
LITERARY
COLLEGES.
Professors
1,135
1843.
and tutors.
including med❜l.
Students, not
Buildings
and
grounds.
Library.
Appa-
VALUE.
ratus.
Other
Remarks.
No students had entered the
literary and scientific course
during the year. Grammar
School 217 students.
69 Faculty consists of 1 President,
4 Professors, 3 Adjunct Profes-
sors, a teacher of French and
Spanish, a Tutor and 2 Fellows.
Has a president, 4 professors and
3 Tutors.
Has a President, 4 Professors and
2 Tutors. Salaries, $3,250; rev-
enue, $3,568.
Chancellor and 10 Professors.
55 | Debt, $2,000.
Number of graduates not ascer-
tained at date of report.
college
property.
Total.
Debts
due.
Columbia....
11
95
Union
12
238
$225,010
Hamilton...
7
113
Geneva.
8* 65
55,400
45,146
.+ $6,000
26,993
3,000 2,000
$4,000
t $60,649
+
$196,200
76,000
1,266
$448,208
136,400
8,721
6,815
U. City of N.Y...
12* 151 260,000 7,000 10,000
69,365
Total.
50
662 $585,556
* Not including medical professors. + Not stated.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
105
TABLE―(Continued).
ANNUAL REVENUE,
LITERARY COLLEGES.
H
Total
revenue.
Columbia,
Union.
$8,830
$8,493 $11,591
$1,081
$29,995
6,186
13,734
19,920
Hamilton
2,014
4,205
3,966
$3,000
13,185
Geneva...
2,163
583
500
6,000
9,246
U. City of N. Y.
7,067
4,595
960
6,000
18,622
Total....
$26,260
$31,610 $17,017
$15,000 $1,081
$90,968
LITERARY
COLLEGES.
TABLE(Continued).
ANNUAL EXPENDITURE.
Total
expendi-
tures.
Columbia..
Union..
•
Hamilton.
$13,858
17,550
7,137 1,692
$12,042
Geneva...
U. City of N. Y…….
7,200
12,085
500
$593
1,315 2,876
1,790
$2,166
$1,255 $29,914
$2,314 $238
20,102
214
13,235
9,490
4,865
1,000
818
18,768
Total...
$57,830 $19,099
|
$4,698 $5,860 $2,314 $452 $1,255 $91,509
MEDICAL
COLLEGES.
Coll. Ph. and S. N. Y....
Med. Institution, Geneva
Albany Medical College.
Med. Dep. U. City N. Y
Total
Professors.
TABLE(Continued).
Students, 1842-3.
VALUE OF PROPERTY.
Total.
Debts due from
colleges.
7786
182
195
*
*
$20,112
108
$16,049
50,000
323 60,000
$3,335
25,610 $4,000 $79,610
None.
28
808
*
*Not stated.
14.
106
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
MEDICAL
COLLEGES.
TABLE(Continued).
ANNUAL REVENUE.
Total.
ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.
Coll. Ph. and S. N. Y.
$500
$806 $479 $425
$2,879* $1,225
$888 $2,113
Med. Inst., Geneva...
5,000
528
900
6,428
Albany Med. College..
5,000
530
10
500
6,040
1,040
Med. Dep. U. City N.Y.
Total
$10,500 $1,864 $489 $1,825 $15,347
* Including $669 from other sources.
Graduates: College Ph. and S. N. Y., 1842–3……….
Geneva, 1843-4 ..
University City of New York, 1842-3.
Albany, 1848-4.
Total......
LITERARY
COLLEGES.
Professors.
Students not in-
cluding medical.
Buildings
and
grounds.
1853.
VALUE OF PROPERTY.
Library.
Appa-
ratus.
Other col-
lege prop-
erty.
Total.
Columbia...
Union.....
Hamilton...
Hobart Free..
13 129
14
201
10
109
8*
62
$72,050
$77,500
15,160
4,055
University of City of N. Y. 14*
65 $200,000 $3,500 $2,000 2,000 $207,500 19,500.
Madison University
8
98
24,700 15,000
2,000❘ 71,197 | 112,897
St. John's...
17
49
29,000
Genesee
8
60
3,000
University of Rochester..
8
113
16,938 5,030
1,584 130,068 153,620
11,329
Total.....
100
886
* Not including medical Professors.
Debts.
19
45
சுசுசும்
65
25
154
Total.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COlleges.
107
LITERARY COLLEGES.
1863.
Professors and
tutors.
Students.
Graduates.
buildings and
grounds.
Value of college
Tuition and
room rent re-
ceived.
Salaries paid.
Columbia
11 186
50
Union.
14 205 62
$171,000
Not stated
$15,495
$39,781
6,675
13,237
Hamilton..
12
163
29
125,000
2,353
9,653
Hobart.
7
94
13
43,000
Free.
6,400
University of City of New York.
19
142*
20
200,000
4,390
11,632
Madison University.
9
70
11
18,700
1,632
7,279
St. John's.
Genesee..
15
66
..
20
5
105
15
22,000
University of Rochester.
10
135
31
99,140
Elmira Female.
6
67
11
Not stated Not stated Not stated
68,700 15,124 Not stated
5,611
5,384
10,150
St. Francis Xavier
21
73
16
100,000 Not stated
Union of Albany, Law Department..
3
Total
132 1,306 278
•
* Collegiate, 115; engineering, 9; arts, 12; chemistry, 6.
TABLE (Continued).
LITERARY COLLEGES.
ANNUAL REVENUE.
Total.
Columbia..
$9,360
$14,849
$1,262
$26,084*
Union..
10,728
14,405 1,631
25,764
Hamilton
1,507
6,396
7,903
Hobart Free..
212
6,178
6,390
University of City of New York..
8,680
6,177
16,218+
Madison
1,940
4,279
173
6,392
St. John's.
Genesee
University of Rochester.
3,606
7,000
10,606
* Including $343 appropriated to grammar school.
108
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
LITERARY COLLEGES.
TABLE
(Continued).
ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.
Salaries.
Total.
Columbia.....
$13,960
$6,606 $677
$4,099
$120
Union......
$25,462
11,132
3,868 1,555
6,785
529
$3,113
26,482
Hamilton..
7,233
317 736
1,129
355
Hobart Free
9,770
•
4,208
780
519
883
University of City of N. Y.
6,390
10,348
4,195
860
815
Madison....
16,218
6,035
507
St. John's.
6,542
Genesee
University of Rochester.
8,975
1,608
1,227
11,810
+ Including $1,361 subscribed and donated.
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
TABLE (Continued).
Professors.
Students.
1
VALUE OF PROPERTY.
Buildings
and
grounds.
Library.
Apparatus
and mu-
seum.
College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y..
Medical Institution, Geneva..
8 201
$30,000 $1,500
$3,500
6
43
Medical Department, University City of N.Y.
Albany Medical College
11
302
70,000
8
136
50,000
6,600
29,600
Medical Department, University of Buffalo.
New York Medical College
8
68
8
97
Total...
49
897
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
TABLE (Continued).
VALUE OF Property.
Total.
Debts.
College of Phys. and Surg., N. Y. $35,000
$15,763
$3,451
$3,119
Medical Institution, Geneva.
334
328
Medical Dep't, Univ. City of N. Y.
40,000
Albany Medical College
86,200
None.
4,810
Medical Dep't, Univ. of Buffalo....
5,000
564
564
New York Medical College.………….
Total.....
•
Graduates.
(1852-3) 58
(1852-3) 11
(1852-3) 102
850 (Dec. 1853) 21
(1853) 18
(1853-4) 28
238
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
109
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
TABLE(Continued).
Professors.
Students.
Graduates.
buildings and
grounds.
Value of college
Matriculation fees
received.
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
city of New York...
11 287
61
$90,000
Geneva Medical College.
6
22
8
15,000
$1,350
60
$1,800
160
Medical Dep't, Univ. of City of N. Y.
14
178
55
Albany Medical College..
8
157
43 Not stated
Homœopathic Medical College......
Total......
Medical Dep't, University of Buffalo.
10
77
24
14,000
7
48
20
70,000 Not stated Not stated
755
231
860
480
Not stated Not stated Not stated
56
769
211
LITERARY COLLEGES.
1873.
Columbia College...
School of Mines.
School of Law…….
Union University:- Union College
2
9
3
123
20
2,190
8
10
136
5
69
4
2
371
138
930
12
2
111
18
4,341
Albany Law School...
5
102
76
Hamilton College.
1
11
163
46
1,333
Hobart College
7
42
15
452
University of City of New York:
Department of Arts and Sciences.
1
15
121
10 Not stated
Department of Law..
5
35
26 Not stated
Madison University.
10
112
38
690
..
St. John's College...
21
76
13
338
University of Rochester.
9
157
25
517
Elmira Female College.
St. Lawrence University (Lit. and Science)
6
8
54
56
13
156
44*
8 Not stated
Alfred Universityt.
Ingham University
St. Stephen's College..
College of St. Francis Xavier..
Vassar College
Manhattan College.
Cornell University.
Rutgers Female College.
Wells College
8
42
5 Not stated
7
51
14
21
4
80
21
10
32
276
47
196
10
83
Not stated
29
16
537
95
233
College of City of New York
Syracuse University.
Total...
*Exclusive of theological students.
+ Statistics given under Academies' schedules.
+ Since 1870.
15
22
342
31 Not stated
2
6
CO
68
8
401
12
49
1 Not stated
8
1
108
4
23
4
252
107
3,285
677
Graduating fees
received.
110
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
TABLE-(Continued).
LITERARY COLLEGES.
Value of
buildings and
grounds.
Value of
other college
property.
Total
value of
property.
Columbia..
$400,000 00
$4,611,702 24
Union.
$5,011,702 24
329,000 00
1,065,890 85
1,394,890 85
Hamilton.
200,000 00
371,414 48
571,414 48
Hobart...
53,000 00
257,221 43
310,221 43
University of City of New York..
300,000 00
211,992 00
Marion University
511,992 00
...
135,500 00
330,230 00
465,730 00
St. John's.
500,000 00
30,000 00
530,000 00
University of Rochester.
331,857 45
227,825 02
Elmira Female..
559,682 47
144,000 00
119,500 00
St. Lawrence University.
263,500 00
60,000 00
83,766 87
143,766 .87
Ingham University..
80,000 00
43,500 00
St. Stephen's...
123,500 00
129,820 00
10,700 00
140,520 00
College of St. Francis Xavier.
194,000 00
186,000 00
Vassar..
380,000 00
481,061 74
431,206 73
912,268 47
Manhattan.
200,000 00
145,300 00
Cornell University
345,300 00
698,869 91
1,301,726 97
College of City of New York.
2,000,590 88
190,000 00
126,250 00
Rutgers Female....
316,250 00
Wells College....
169,000 00
30,294 00
Syracuse University.
199,294 00
283,252 00
397,565 00
680,817 00
Total....
$4,879,355 10
$9,982,085 59
$14,861,440 69
TABLE — (Continued).
LITERARY COLLEGES.
Revenue.
Expenditures.
Debts.
Columbia..
$265,517 57
$172,615 72
$71,240 00
Union...
89,007 00
38,527 97
124,000 00
Hamilton
19,672 89
27,115 88
79,683 03
Hobart.
14,364 23
12,744 16
University of City of New York..
36,243 15
36,328 89
4,665 90
None.
Marion University..
24,882 90
26,233 95
St. John's.
63,375 50
75,133 11
133,004 93
University of Rochester..
17,911 39
24,559 60
Elmira Female...
38,374 42
38,278 24
St. Lawrence University.
8,510 69
26,400 00
9,296 28
9,296 28
328 05
Ingham University...
21,383 03
20,369 58
St. Stephen's..
8,000 00
24,466 00
23,000 00
College of St. Francis Xavier..
2,420 00
36,084 00
31,084 CO
Vassar
160,000 00
•
169,590 16
196,480 67
None.
Manhattan.
62,343 34
65,357 59
Cornell University.
104,583 67
112,351 12
College of City of New York.
25,000 00
162,953 50
162,758 14
Rutgers Female..
17,824 45
Wells College....
19,376 14
8,074 01
23,332 40
27,213 04
Syracuse University.
10,000 00
..
28,073 00
40,806 00
71,678 00
Total....
$1,229,278 88
$1,159,530 08
$733,004 61
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
111
TABLE― (Continued).
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.....
Geneva Medical*
Medical Department University of the City of New
York..
Albany Medical College.
University of Buffalo, Medical Department..
Long Island College Hospital
Homœopathic Medical College..
New York Medical College and Hospital for Women..
Eclectic Medical College
New York College of Dentistry..
New York Free Medical College for Women.....
Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of
Syracuse
Total....
MEDICAL COLLEGES.
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York....
Geneva Medical*,
Medical Department University of the
City of New York.
Albany Medical College..
Emeritus pro-
fessors.
Acting profes-
sors.
Demonstrators
and lecturers.
2
19
Students.
Graduates in
1872-3.
10
5
396
99
18
3
217
•
2
7
2
99
40
9
10
97
42
13
2
100
38
12
2
25
9
7
1
37
21
6
12
39
10
13
1
43
14
26
26
9
સ્ત્ર
5
118
64
1,079
268
*No report; removed to Syracuse.
TABLE (Continued).
Whole number]
of graduates.
Value of build-
ings and
grounds.
Amount of ma-
triculation
fees received.
Amo't of grad-
uation fees
allowed.
2,857
$150,000 00
$1,780 00
$3,090 00
University of Buffalo, Medical Dep't.
19,000 00
Long Island College Hospital....
495 00
485 00
1,000 00
1,050 00
Homœopathic Medical College..
New York Medical College and Hospital
for Women.
74
60,000 00
Eclectic Medical College.
170
115 00
85 00
570 00
New York College of Dentistry..
68
New York Free Medical College for
Women
Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons of the
University of Syracuse....
125 00
180 00
Total......
$229 00 00
$3,085 00
$5,890 00
112
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1883.
LIST OF COLLEGES ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF ESTABLISHMENT.
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
Date of
origin.
Location.
Principal Educational Officer.
1 Columbia College..
1754 New York......
1754 New York......
1864 New York......
New York..
Sch'dy & Alb'y
Schenectady..
Albany...
...
...
Geneva.
New York..
New York..
New York..
New York...
Troy
New York..
Hamilton.
School of Arts......
School of Mines.....
School of Law...
1858
New York...
School of Polit. Science.
1880
New York....
Col. of Phys. and Sur..
1807
2 Union University.
1873
Union College.
1795
Albany Medical College..
1839
Albany Law School..
1851
Albany
Dudley Observatory..
1852
Albany
Alb. College of Pharmacy..
1881
Albany.
3 Hamilton College.
1812
Clinton..
Law Department..
1855
Clinton
4 Hobart College.
1824
5 University of City of N. Y...
1831
Dept. of Arts and Science..
1831
Medical Department..
1837
Law Department..
1868
6 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.
1826
7 Coll. of Pharmacy of N. Y...
8 Madison University..
1831
1846
9 St. John's College...
1846
Fordham
10 University of Rochester.
1846
Rochester..
11 Univ. of Buffalo, Med. Dep..
12 Elmira Female College.
13 St. Lawrence University.
11 Cooper Union for Advance-
ment of Science and Art..
1846
1855
Elmira
1856
Canton...
1857
New York..
15 Alfred University..
1857
Alfred..
...
16 Ingham University.
1857
Le Roy..
17 New York Coll. of Vet. Sur..
18 Long Island Coll. Hospital..
19 St. Stephen's College..
20 Homœopathic Med. Coll. of
State of New York.....
1857
1858
1860
1860
New York.....
21 Coll. of St. Francis Xavier.
1861
New York...
22 Vassar College.......
1861
23 Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll...
1861
New York....
24 Manhattan College...
1863
New York...
25 New York Med. College and
Hospital for Women.
1863
New York....
1865
26 New York Coll. of Dent'ry..
27 Eclectic Medical College.. 1865
Buffalo..
..
•
New York..
Brooklyn.
Annandale.
F. A. P. Barnard, S. T. D.. LL.
D., L. H. D., President.
F. A. P. Barnard, S. T. D., LL.
D., L. H. D., President.
C. F. Chandler, M. D., Ph. D.,
LL. D., Dean.
T. W. Dwight, LL. D., Warden.
J.W. Burgess, A. M., Pro. in Chg.
A. Clark, M. D., LL. D., Prest.
E. N. Potter, D. D., LL. D., Chan.
E. N. Potter, D. D., LL. D., Pres.
T. Hun, M. D., LL. D., Dean.
H. E. Smith, LL. D., Dean.
Lewis Boss, A. M., Director.
W.G.Tucker, M. D., Ph. D., Dean.
H. Darling, D. D., LL. D., Pres.
H. Darling, D. D., LL. D., Pres.
R. G. Hinsdale, S. T. D., Pres.
John Hall, D. D., Chan., ad int.
E. A. Johnson, LL. D., Dean.
A. C. Post, M. D., LL. D., Pres.
A. J. Vanderpoel, LL. D., Pres.
D. M. Greene, C. E., Director.
E. McIntyre, Prest, of Trust.
E. Dodge, D. D, LL. D., Pres.
Rev. F. W. Gockeln, S. J., Pres.
M.B. Anderson, D.D., LL. D., Pres.
Charles Cary, M. D., Dean.
A. W. Cowles, D. D., Pres.
A. G. Gaines, D. D., Pres.
A. S. Hewitt, Sec. of Trust.
J. Allen, Ph. D., D. D., Pres.
Rev. E. B. Wadsworth, D. D.,
Chancellor.
S. J. Armor, M. D., LL. D.,Dean.
R. B. Fairbairn, D. D., LL. D.,
Warden.
J. W. Dowling, M. D., Dean.
S. H. Frisbee, S. J., Pres.
Poughkeepsie.. S. L. Caldwell, D. D., Pres.
New York..
New York..
Ithaca..
New York..
New York..
Aurora
Syracuse
Syracuse..
.
New York.....
...
28 Cornell University.
1865
29 College of the City of N. Y..
30 Rutgers Female College...
1866
1867
31 Wells College....
1870
32 Syracuse University
1870
Medical Department....
1870
33 American Vet'y College..
1875
35 Columbia Vet'y College..
1878
New York.....
36 Niagara University.
1883
Medical Department.
1883
37 Canisius College...
1883
Buffalo..
34 St. Bonaventure's College... 1875 Allegany
Susp. Bridge..
Buffalo..
...
I. E. Taylor, M. D., Pres.
Brother Anthony, Pres.
Mrs. C. S. Lozier, M. D., Dean.
Frank Abbott, M. D., Dean.
Robert S. Newton, M._D., Dean.
A. D. White, LL. D., Pres.
Gen. A. S. Webb, LL. D., Pres.
S. D. Burchard, D. D., Pres.
E. S. Frisbee, D. D., Pres.
C. N. Sims, D. D., Chancellor.
F. Hyde, M. D., Dean.
A. Liantard, M. D., H. T. R., C.
V. S., Dean.
Very Rev. Fr. Theophilus Pospi-
sılik, O. S. F., President.
E. S. Bates, M. D., T. V. S., Dean.
Rt. Rev. S. V. Ryan, D. D., Chan.
John Cronyn, M. D., Pres.
Rev. M. Post, S. J., President.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
113
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
TABLE (Continued).
NUMBER OF STUDENTS.
Number of instruc-
tors.
Liberal arts.
Fine arts.
Professional
science.
Medical.
1. Columbia College...
School of Arts.
31
...
290
School of Mines........
27
274
School of Law..
5
School of Political Science.
5
College of Physicians and Surgeons.
27
543
2. Union University..
Union College.
19
241
Albany Medical College
19
157
Albany Law School..
9
Dudley Observatory.
Albany College of Pharmacy.
3
32
...
3. Hamilton College...
14
191
4. Hobart College..
Law Department.
5. University of City of New York...
Department of Arts and of Science...
Medical Department....
Law Department...
1
9
68
15
74
21
23
528
5
6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
16
172
7. College of Pharmacy of New York
5
280
8. Madison University
11
100
9. St. John's College..
15
70
10. University of Rochester.
12
126
17
11. University of Buffalo, Medical Dep't..
14
182
12. Elmira Female College....
14
68
13. St. Lawrence University....
8
66
14. Cooper Union for Advancement of
Science and Art.....
35
3,328
15. Alfred University
7
125
16. Ingham University.
11
70 59
17. New York College of Veterinary Surgeons
18. Long Island College Hospital.
10
20
154
19. St. Stephen's College..
8
41
20. Homœopathic Medical College of State of
New York..
29
21. College of St. Francis Xavier.
14
79
22. Vassar College..
31 180
· 10
23. Bellevue Hospital Medical College.
21
156
58
467
13 186
•
24. Manhattan College...
25. New York Medical College and Hospital
for Women....
26. New York College of Dentistry....
27. Eclectic Medical College of Dentistry..
28. Cornell University..
29. College of the City of New York.
30. Rutgers Female College...
31. Wells College...
32. Syracuse University.
Medical Department..
33. American Veterinary College..
34. St. Bonaventure's College...
35. Columbia Veterinary College..
36. Niagara University.
Total.....
25
11
138
131
52 390
29
701
12
35
13
50
19 192
164
17
17
44
61
·
10
84
10
86
675 3,272 281
3,812
2,830
15
114
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
TABLE
(Continued).
NUMBER OF STUDENTS.
Law and poli-
tics.
Total.
Number of gradu-
ates, 1883.
Total number
graduates.
of
1. Columbia College
1,537
School of Arts..
290
57
2,559
School of Mines.
274
40
375
School of Law...
400
400
147
2,775
School of Political Science...
30
30
18
34
2. Union University
543
Union College.
497
Albany Medical College.
241
Albany Law School..
157
51
1,614
Dudley Observatory.
67
67
45
3. Hamilton College..
Law Department.
Albany College of Pharmacy.
4. Hobart College..
5. University of City of New York……..
Department of Arts and of Science..
Medical Department...
Law Department..
6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute....
..
32
8
11
191
34
2,345
23
68
16
445
}
641
74
24
528
162
4,518
39
39
7. College of Pharmacy of New York.
172
15
790
8. Madison University...
280
60
735
9. St. John's College.
100
17
884
10. University of Rochester..
70
8
427
11. University of Buffalo, Medical Dep't.
12. Elmira Female Academy
26
169
33
806
182
59
1,300
13. St. Lawrence University.
14. Cooper Union for Advancement of Science
and Art
...
68
11
239
66
9
113.
15. Alfred University
3,328
3
95
16. Ingham University.
125
10
322
17. New York College of Veterinary Surgeons
18. Long Island College Hospital.
129
19. St. Stephen's College.
154
20. Homœopathic Medical College of State of
New York.
41
156
21. College of St. Francis Xavier.
79
22. Vassar College.
238
23. Bellevue Hospital Medical College
467
167
24. Manhattan College..
ག:ཝཱཌ⪜
14
416
51
897
8
149
48
835
11
385
39
605
2,940
186
25
197
25. New York Medical College and Hospital
for Women
26. New York College of Dentistry..
138
31
284
27. Eclectic Medical College of Dentistry...
131
37
28. Cornell University.
390
68
897
29. College of the City of New York..
701
44
1,043
30. Rutgers Female College.
35
6
97
31. Wells College...
50
3
61
32. Syracuse University...
Medical Department.
34. St. Bonaventure's College..
35. Columbia Veterinary College..
36. Niagara University..
Total
356
32
488
44
12
33. American Veterinary College.
61
84
223
117
111
14
86
4
32
562
10,236
1,476
29,955
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES,
115
TABLE(Continued).
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
1. Columbia College...
Buildings and
grounds.
Library and
apparatus.
$1,415,000.00
$406,257 02
4. Hobart College
+College of Physicians and Surgeons
*School of Arts.
*School of Mines
*School of Law....
*School of Political Science
2. *Union University
+Union College
Albany Law School
+Dudley Observatory....
Albany Medical College
*Albany College of Pharmacy…..
3. Hamilton College..
*Law Department.
27,000 00
30,000 00
40,000 00
2,000 00
200,000 00
115,000 00
69,350 00
5. University of City of New York..
26,300 00
305,000 00
33,484 25
*Department of Arts and of Science
Medical Department....
170,000 00
*Law Department..
11,500 00
6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute..
88,500 00
16,000 00
7. College of Pharmacy of New York.
58,000 00
8. Madison University...
9. St. John's College..
11,950 00
120,000 00
29,000 00
565,000 00
44,000 00
10. University of Rochester..
324,745 65
105,004 18
11. University of Buffalo, Medical Department.
60,000 00
12. Elmira Female College.
4,000 00
160,000 00
13. St. Lawrence University
15,000 00
80,000 00
12,925 00
14. Cooper Union for Advancement of Science and Art.
630,000 00
15. Alfred University.
105,000 00
16. Ingham University.
20,000 00
143,000 00
17. New York College of Veterinary Surgeons.
18. Long Island College Hospital...
19. St. Stephen's College...
136,520 00
7,900 00
20. Homœopathic Medical College of State of New York.
3,600 00
21. College of St. Francis Xavier.
194,000 00
44,000 00
22. Vassar College
597,750 56
118,756 62
23. Bellevue Hospital Medical College
5,000 00
24. Manhattan College
150,000 00
27,000 00
25. +New York Medical College and Hospital for Women
26. New York College of Dentistry
27. Eclectic Medical College..
5,878 00
40,000 00
28. Cornell University
718,652 77
351,255 64
29. College of the City of New York..
212,000 00
30. Rutgers Female College
31. Wells College
32. Syracuse University
*Medical_Department
•
33. American Veterinary College
34. Št. Bonaventure's College
35. +Columbia Veterinary College
36. Niagara University.
81,300 00
3,500 00
265,000 00
10,150 00
262,000 00
37,913 00
189,000 00
17,000 00
230,000 00
16,000 00
Total....
$7,545,518 98
$1,621,670 71 .
*No separate property.
+ Not reported.
+ Owns no property.
116
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
TABLE (Continued).
–
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
1. Columbia College.
*School of Arts
•
*School of Mines
*School of Law
*School of Political Science..
+College of Physicians and Sur-
geons..
2. *Union University...
+Union College.
Albany Medical College
Albany Law School..
+Dudley Observatory.
*Albany College of Pharmacy..
3. Hamilton College...
*Law Department.
4. Hobart College
5. University of City of New York..
*Dep't of Arts and of Science..
Medical Department...
Other
property.
Total.
Debts.
$4,647,010 01
$6,468,267 03
$273,240 00
6,000 00
73,000 00
12,000 00
32,000 00
10,000 00
....
239,631 06
554,631 06
34,700 00
256,142 36
351,792 36
190,973 92
529,458 17
30,000 00
...
*Law Department...
181,500 09
90,000 00
6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute....
12,000 00
7. College of Pharmacy of New York..
116,500 00
8. Madison University
2,500 00
72,450 00
25,000 00
9. St. John's College..
524,059 00
673,059 00
55,203 08
10. University of Rochester..
664,203 08
153,885 41
454,532 64
11. University of Buffalo, Medical Dep't
884,282 47
4,700 00
12. Elmira Female College....
64,000 00
105,650 00
13. St. Lawrence University....
280,650 00
45,994 81
181,414 71
14. Cooper Union for Advancement of
Science and Art………….
274,339 71
15. Alfred University....
630,000 00
125,642 18
250,642 18
16. Ingham University..
26,159 94
19. St. Stephen's College.
18. +Long Island College Hospital.
17. New York College of Veterinary
Surgeons...
143,000 00
2,000 00
20. Homœopathic Medical College of
State of New York..
146,420 00
21. College of St. Francis Xavier..
3,600 00
22. Vassar College...
229,000 00
467,000 00
179,792 18
24. Manhattan College...
23. Bellevue Hospital Medical College..
435,147 95
1,151,655 13
5,000 00
10,000 00
177,000 00
25. +New York Medical College and Hos-
pital for Women
26. New York College of Dentistry.
5,875 00
27. Eclectic Medical College....
18,000 00
58,000 00
17,250 00
28. Cornell University..
4,308,083 89
5,377,992 20
29. College of the City of New York.
40,750 00
834,050 00
30. Rutgers Female College...
3,500 00
31. Wells College...
200,000 00
475,150 00
32. Syracuse University..
319,121 55
619,034 55
99,000 00
*Medical Department
33. †American Veterinary College.
34. St. Bonaventure's College.
206,000 00
35. +Columbia Veterinary College.
36. Niagara University.
246,000 00
Total......
$12,357,862 35
$21,525,052 04
90,000 00
$1,091,722 34
*No separate property.
+ Not reported.
+ Owns no property.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF COLLEGES.
117
4. STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
NAMES OF COLLEGES.
1. Columbia College.
*School of Arts..
*School of Mines
*School of Law....
Revenue.
• Expenditure.
$342,401 73
$555,691 61
2. *Union University..
Union College
Albany Medical College
*School of Political Science
College of Physicians and Surgeons..
Albany Law School
12,361 31
9,342 12
Dudley Observatory.
8,457 62
8,457 62
Albany College of Pharmacy.
3. Hamilton College...
*Law Department..
1,461 50
1,487 69
25,570 22
4. Hobart College.
5. University of City of New York.
21,044 09
19,396 80
*Department of Arts and Science.
28,338 77
28,551 49
Medical Department..
*Law Department..
20,693 66
20,693 66
6. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute...
7. College of Pharmacy of New York
8. Madison University
9. St. John's College.
10. University of Rochester
11. +University of Buffalo, Medical Department
18,980 16
17,350 00
41,216 47
41,216 47
98,845 57
86,686 41
39,135 88
35,797 37
12. Elmira Female College
·
13. St. Lawrence University...
35,135 87
37,367 02
15. Alfred University
14. Cooper Union for Advancement of Science and Art.
8,349 70
8,349 70
50,872 88
54,421 42
16. Ingham University.
12,878 59
12,878 59
18. +Long Island College Hospital
17. +New York College of Veterinary Surgeons.
38,000 00
38,000 00
··
19. St. Stephen's College..
16,807 06
20. Homœopathic Med. Col. of the State of New York..
21. College of St. Francis Xavier..
12,664 62
8,682 90
22. Vassar College
13,367 98
34,142 44
169,160 08
23. Bellevue Hospital Medical College.
168,905 41
24. Manhattan College.
44,840 83
44,840 83
53,644 78
26. New York College of Dentistry.
25. +New York Med. College and Hospital for Women..
50,733 08
27. +Eclectic Medical College.
13,632 50
13,632 50
28. Cornell University..
238,772 87
350,296 66
29. College of the City of New York
120,702 25
120,702 25
30. Rutgers Female College..
31. Wells College..
32. Syracuse University.
Medical Department
33. American Veterinary College
34. St. Bonaventure's College
35. †Columbia Veterinary College
36. Niagara University..
Total....
7,300 00
7,255 00
42,138 17
41,811 70
46,716 84
46,716 84
4,396 70
4,396 70
4,315 00
4,315 00
31,684 00
28,580 00
56,400 00
48,800 00
$1,685,287 70
$1,949,459 28
* No separate income.
+ Not reported.
118
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
CHAPTER VII.
HISTORY OF PARTICULAR COLLEGES
COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
The origin of this college and its incorporation under a colonial
charter, on the 31st of October, 1754, under the name of "King's
College," have been noticed in connection with our account of the
origin of a Board of Regents.
A class of students had previously been assembled in a room of
the school-house belonging to Trinity Church. Provision had been
made by a lottery and otherwise, for the erection of college build-
ings upon a parcel of ground west of Broadway, between Barclay,
Church and Murray streets and the Hudson River, which had been
designated by Trinity Church for this purpose.'
In May, 1760, the college buildings erected upon this ground
and portions of the land not needed for its use were leased for
business purposes, becoming in after years a valuable endowment to
the college. In 1763 a Grammar School was established, but at first
without financial success.2
1
¹ Among the literature relating to the origin of this College, may be mentioned
an anonymous tract preserved in the State Library, with the following title :
"Some Thoughts on Education With Reasons for erecting a College in this
Province, and fixing the same in the City of New York; To which is added a
scheme for employing Masters or Teachers in the Mean Time; and also for rais-
ing and endowing an Edifice in an easy Manner, the whole Concluding with a
Poem; Being a Serious Address to the House of Representatives." * * * New
York, J. Parker, 1752, p. 32.
It would appear from this that certain persons had proposed to locate the college
in ".
some retired corner, either within or close by the city of New York," where
the morals of the students would be better protected than in the city.
2 An agent was subsequently sent to England and France, to procure funds.
In 1767 a grant of 29,000 acres of land was made under the government of Sir
Henry Moore, but this afterward came within the territory of the State of Ver-
mont, and the grant was lost.
About £6,000 sterling were procured in England by Dr. James Jay, the agent,
and others. The King, besides this, gave £400. The sum of £3,282 was received
from the lottery, £500 sterling from the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, about £1,000 sterling from Mr. Edward Antillo, £500 from Paul Kichard,
£100 from James Alexander, and property worth £8,000 from Joseph Murray, in-
cluding his library.
The Rev. Dr. David Bristowe, of London, also gave his library of 1,500 volumes,
and several of the Governors of the College gave from £50 to £200 apiece. Sir
Charles Hardy gave £500, Gen. Shirley £100, and Gen. Monkton £200.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
119
The following description of the College, supposed to have been
written by Dr. Myles Cooper, its second President (1763-1775),
shows its condition before the Revolution:
"Since the passing of the charter, the institution hath received
great emoluments by grants from his most gracious majesty, King
George the Third, and by liberal contributions from many of the
nobility and gentry in the parent country; from the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and from several public-
spirited gentlemen in America and elsewhere. By means of these
and other benefactions, the Governors of the College have been able
to extend their plan of education almost as diffusely as any College
in Europe; herein being taught by proper Masters and Professors,
who are chosen by the Governors and President, Divinity, Natural
Law, Physic, Logic, Ethics, Metaphysics, Mathematics, Natural
Philosophy, Astronomy, Geography, History, Chronology, Rhetoric,
Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Modern Languages, the Belles-Lettres, and
whatever else of literature may tend to accomplish the pupils as
scholars and gentlemen.
"To the College is also annexed a Grammar School for the due
preparation of those who propose to complete their education with
the arts and sciences.
"All students but those in medicine are obliged to lodge and diet
in the College, unless they are particularly excused by the Governors
or President, and the edifice is surrounded by a high fence, which
also incloses a large court and garden, and a porter constantly at-
tends at the front gate, which is closed at ten o'clock each evening
in summer and nine in winter, after which hours the names of all
that come in are delivered weekly to the President.
"The College is situated on a dry, gravelly soil, about one hundred
and fifty yards from the banks of the Hudson River, which it overlooks;
commanding, from the eminence on which it stands, a most exten-
sive and beautiful prospect of the opposite shore and country of
New Jersey, the city and island of New York, Long Island, Staten
Island, New York Bay and its islands, the Narrows, forming the
mouth of the harbors, etc., etc., and being totally unincumbered by
any adjacent buildings, and adınitting the purest circulation of air
from the river and every other quarter, has the benefit of as agree-
able and healthy a situation as can possibly be conceived.
"Visitations by the Governors are quarterly; at which times pre-
miums of books, silver medals, etc., are adjudged to the most de-
serving.
"This seminary hath already produced a number of gentlemen
120
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
who do great honor to their professions, the place of their educa-
tion and themselves, in Divinity, Law, Medicine, etc., etc., in this
and various other colonies, both on the American Continent and West
India Islands; and the College is annually increasing as well in
students as reputation."
•
Dr. Samuel Johnson writing in July, 1760, described the build-
ing as one hundred and eighty feet long, thirty wide, and three
stories high. It was intended to have been one side of a quadrangle,
inclosing a court.
The College continued in operation until the 6th of April,
1776, when the Treasurer received a message from the Committee of
Safety, informing him the premises must be ready within six days,
for the reception of troops. The students were dispersed, the library
and apparatus were deposited in the City Hall, and the building
was used for a military hospital.' The college record of that
year remarks: "The turbulence and confusion which prevail in
every part of the country effectually suppress every literary pur-
suit," and but faint traces of life are found during the eight years
that followed.
Its revival is identified with the proceedings of the first Board of
Regents, from 1784 till 1787, during which period the College had
no other Trustees. Yet nothing was left undone by this Board in
their efforts to restore order, and to organize the institution upon a
broad and liberal basis.
On the 14th of December, 1784, they decided to establish the four
faculties of Arts, Divinity, Medicine and Law, the first to comprise
seven Professorships, and the second to consist of such as the
different religious societies in the State might provide. The third
was to have seven Professors and the fourth three. There were to
be besides these, nine extra Professors, a President, a Secretary and
a Librarian; and this grand scheme of University education was
agreed upon, when the entire income of real and personal prop-
erty of the College did not exceed the sum of £1,200."
During the three years under the Regents no President was ap-
pointed, and at the commencements of 1786 and 1787, the graduates
received certificates to be exchanged for diplomas, whenever there
was a President qualified to sign them.
¹ Most of the apparatus and books were lost by this removal. Some six or seven
hundred volumes were found thirty years afterward. in a room in St. Paul's
chapel, but no one could tell how they came there.
2 Moore's Hist. of Columbia College, p. 68.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
121
1
The act of 1787 reörganizing the Board of Regents upon a new
plan, very nearly the same that now exists, gave a separate Board of
Trustees to the College, and on the 21st of May of that year, Wil-
liam Samuel Johnson, LL. D., was elected President. On the 12th
of November he signified his acceptance of the office. There were
then three Professors in the Arts, and three in Medicine, but none
in Law or Divinity. An extra Professor of German was employed,
but without fixed salary.
During the next twenty years no event of particular interest oc-
curred in the College, which gradually acquired strength, and its
affairs became settled.
In 1792 the College received a grant of £7,900 for specific objects,*
and £750 per annum for salaries.
3
In 1801 it shared with Union College in a land grant at Lake
George, Ticonderoga and Crown Point.
In 1809 the requirements for admission were very much raised, to
take effect the next year, and a new course of study and discipline
was established.
4
On the 23d of March, 1810, the college charter was revised, its
Trustees named and their powers and privileges defined. Former
grants were confirmed, former acts consolidated, and the law of
1787 relating to the Regents of the University, so far as it concerned
this College, was repealed. The value of real estate to be acquired was
not to exceed the sum of $20,000 a year, and the land received from
Trinity Church was not to be granted for a longer term of time
than sixty-three years.
5
In 1812 the Provost was made eligible as a Trustee.
6
In 1814 the College received the grant of a tract of twenty acres
of land which had been acquired by the State from Dr. Hosack as a
1 Mr. Johnson was a son of the Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson, the first President
of the College.
2 Of the thirty-nine students, nearly half of them in the freshman class, five
lodged and boarded in the College, and five had rooms and studied there. The
yearly income at that time was about £1,330.
³ Act of April 11 (chap. 69), Laws of 1792. Of the above sum, £1,500 was for a
library, £200 for chemical apparatus, £1,200 for a wall to support grounds, and
£5,000 for a hall and wing to building, making in all £7,900.
4 Chap. 85, Laws of 1810.
5 Chap. 6, Laws of 1812. The office of Provost was created in June, 1811, to
supply the place of President in his absence, and to conduct the classical studies
of the senior class. It was discontinued in 1816.
6 Chap. 120, Laws of 1814.
16
122
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
1
Botanical Garden, upon condition that within twelve years buildings
should be erected upon these grounds and the establishment moved
thither. This obligation was released February 19, 1819.' The
Botanical Garden, then a rural spot some three miles "out of town,"
is now in the midst of a densely-built and wealthy part of the city,
and affords the source of a most substantial income to the College.
From 1817 to 1820, extensive alterations and repairs were made,
and new buildings were erected. In 1827 it was resolved to estab-
lish a grammar school, and in 1829 a building was erected upon
the college grounds for this use. It shared in the distribution of
the Literature Fund many years and was continued until 1864.
In 1830 extensive modifications were made in the course of
studies, and the time of daily attendance of the professors was much
increased. The course of study in existence at the time was denomi-
nated the full course, and a scientific and literary course was intro-
duced, the latter being open to other than matriculated students,
and to such extent as they might think proper to attend. This
arrangement did not, however, appear to meet with public favor, and
in 1843 it was discontinued."
3
In 1843 Mr. Frederick Gebhard endowed a professorship of the
German language and literature by giving $20,000. It was first
filled in 1844 by the appointment of John Louis Tellkampf, J. U. D.
In 1852 the restriction in the act of 1810, in relation to land
received from Trinity Church, might be released with the consent
of its corporation, and in 1857 the trustees were allowed to pur-
chase land in the nineteenth ward, between Forty-ninth and Fiftieth
streets, including the premises of the New York Institution for the
1
Chap. 19, Laws of 1819.
4
2 Report in the Literary and Scientific course of Columbia College.
1836-37
1837-38
1838-39
1839-40
1840-41
1841-42
YEARS.
3 Chap. 310, Laws of 1852.
4 Chap. 132, Laws of 1857.
1st Class.
2d Class. 3d Class.
Total.
HBQQ
3
එල්ලො •
6
12
2
12
1
1
402203
6
6
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
123
Deaf and Dumb. This purchase, since extended,' now includes
the ground between Madison and Fourth avenues. The College was
removed from its down-town location, where it had remained for
more than a century, and the premises there are now covered with
fine blocks of buildings devoted to business purposes. The course
of study was much enlarged at this time and new professorships
created.
In 18722 permission was given to sell the lands then owned and
remove to a new site, but the buildings since erected seem to indi-
cate that this intention was abandoned.
In the fall of 1858 a post graduate course of instruction was
opened, but the time had not yet come for success, and after one
year the scheme was relinquished. During the year a course of
lectures was delivered by Prof. Arnold Guyot upon Comparative
Physical Geography, in its relations to History and Modern Civiliza-
tion, and by George P. Marsh upon the English Language. In May,
1858, a Department of Law was established, and in 1860 the College
of Physicians and Surgeons was united with the College, as we shall
separately notice. In 1863 a School of Mines was established, and
in 1880 a School of Political Science. In 1881 a new library build-
ing was erected, and on its completion, the several libraries of the
College were consolidated into one collection and placed under
efficient management.
Early in 1884 Lewis M. Rutherford, of New York city, presented
to the College an equatorial refracting telescope, of thirteen inches
aperture, supplied with a correcting lens for photographic work, to
which belong two micrometers for position measurements; a transit
instrument of three inches aperture, by Stackpole & Bro.; a Dent
siderial clock; a micrometer for measuring photographic plates, and
other apparatus- the whole increasing the value of the instruments
in the Observatory by about $20,000.
Columbia College has, at the present time, a School of Arts, a
School of Mines, a School of Law, a School of Political Science,
and a School of Medicine, employing a President and one hundred
and forty-five Professors, Instructors and Assistants, and had the
last year, in all its departments, 1,456 students.
3
By chap. 51, Laws of 1860, power was granted to acquire adjacent lands.
2 Chap. 96, Laws of 1872.
³ We are indebted to Moore's Historical Sketch of Columbia College, and a volume
issued in April, 1884, entitled “Hand-book of Information as to the Course of
Instruction in Columbia College, and its Several Schools," for much of the informa-
tion given in the above sketch.
124
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Alumni Association.
"The Association of the Alumni of Columbia College," was in-
corporated May 21, 1874, with corporate powers, limited as to
income to $20,000 a year.
The Elgin Botanic Garden.
In 1801 Dr. David Hosack, Professor of Botany and Materia
Medica in Columbia College, having made an unsuccessful attempt
to secure aid from the State, undertook at his own expense to estab-
lish a Botanical Garden, as subservient to the purposes of medicine,
agriculture and the arts.' He purchased from the corporation
twenty acres of ground, on the Middle Road between Bloomingdale
and Kingsbridge, and distant from the city as then settled, about
three miles and a half. From the diversity of soil and surface it was
thought well adapted to most kinds of plants growing in temperate
climates. For those requiring protection, hot-houses were to be
erected.
As described by Dr. Hosack, in the spring of 1811, there had
then been erected a conservatory and two spacious hot-houses, the
whole having a front of one hundred and eighty feet; and the en-
tire establishment was surrounded by a belt of forest trees and
shrubs, both native and exotic. Outside of these was a stone wall,
two and a half feet thick, and seven feet high.
It being deemed an object of public utility, the Medical Society
of the city and county of New York, the Common Council, the
Governors of the New York Hospital, the State Medical Society,
and many citizens, in 1810, memorialized the Legislature for its
purchase. These efforts led to the passage of "An Act for pro-
moting Medical Science in the State of New York," dated March
12, 1810, and directing the Commissioners of the Land Office to
1 The project of a Botanical Garden was brought before the Legislature in 1794,
by the "
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Manufactures," at the
instance of Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, but without success. In an address delivered
by him in February, 1798, before that Society and Members of the Legislature,
he expressed regrets that their efforts to establish a Botanical Garden and Experi-
mental Farm had been unsuccessful, and refers to the efforts made in foreign
countries for the support of botanical gardens, as worthy of imitation.
Dr. David Hosack was elected Professor of Botany in the Medical School of
Columbia College in 1795, and soon after made application to the State for aid in
the establishment of a Botanical Garden in the interest of Agriculture and Medi-
cal Science. Failing to obtain public aid, yet strong in faith that the measure
would be duly appreciated when it became better known, he undertook its estab-
lishment from his private means in 1801, with the result stated in the text.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
125
purchase the premises at a fair value for the land, without estimating
the worth of the trees and plants, which were, however, to be in-
cluded. The money for this purchase was to be raised by lottery.
The garden when purchased was to be placed in care of the Regents
of the University, who were to take measures for its support, for
the benefit of the medical schools of New York, but in such manner
that it should be of no further charge to the State. Physicians and
medical students were to have free access, and the right of future
disposal was reserved by the Legislature'.
By a section in "an act instituting a Lottery for the promotion of
Literature and for other purposes," passed April 13, 1814, this
garden was granted to Columbia College upon condition that the
College should be removed to the premises within twelve years.
Specimens of living plants were to be delivered within one year to
each of the other Colleges upon application therefor.
By an act passed February 19, 1819, this condition of removal was
released, and a grant of $10,000 was made to the College, to be ap-
plied as the interests of the institution might require.
2
The lands thus given to Columbia College, and then valued at
$2,500 an acre, or $50,000 in all, included the area between Fifth
and Sixth avenues, between Forty-seventh and Fifty-first streets.
It is now wholly occupied and of immense value. It is understood
that the improvements upon it are chiefly upon leases for a long
period, with the prospects of still greater benefits to the College
when they expire.
Early Medical School of Columbia College.
The first medical instruction given the city of New York was by
Dr. Samuel Clossy, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, who, in
1764, began a course of lectures upon anatomy to private classes.
In 1767 the Governors of King's College established a Medical
¹ See "A Statement of Facts relative to the Establishment and Progress of the
Elgin Botanical Garden, and the subsequent disposal of the same to the State of
New York," and also " Hortus' Elginensis: or a Catalogue of Plants, Indigenous
and Exotic, cultured in the Elgin Botanical Garden." 2d Ed. 1811. Both by Dr.
David Hosack. The catalogue fills sixty closely printed pages. The first edition
was printed in 1806 and contained about 2,000 species.
2 The valuation fixed upon the garden was $49,968.75, aside from the fixtures
and buildings, worth $24,300. An allowance for delay of payment would have
brought up the amount to $103, 137, but this was not granted, and the Com-
missioners accepted the deed at $74,268.75. The trees, plants, tools, etc., worth
$12,600, were not paid for.
126
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
School, it being the second school of the kind in America and two
years later than one at Philadelphia. The first faculty, and their
successors down to the time of interruption by the Revolution, were
as follows:
Professor of Anatomy.
Samuel Clossy, M. D., 1767 to 1776.
Professor of Pathology and Physiology.
Professor of Surgery.
Peter Middleton, M. D., 1767 to 1776.
John Jones, M. D., 1767 to 1776.
Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica.
James Smith, M. D., 1767 to 1770.
| Peter Middleton, M. D., 1770 to 1776.
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine.
Samuel Bard, M. D., 1767 to 1776.
Professor of Midwifery.
John V. B. Tennent, M. D., 1767 to 1770. | Samuel Bard, M. D., 1770 to 1776.
In 1769 a public address delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard led to the
establishment of the New York Hospital. The impulse given by
this memorable discourse was so strong that upon the same day a
subscription was commenced by Governor Sir John Moore and the
sum of £800 sterling was collected. The corporation of the city
added £3,000, and the institution afterward received ample assist-
ance from the Colonial General Assembly and the State Legislature.
The first degrees were conferred by the College upon SAMUEL
KISSAM and ROBERT TUCKER as Bachelors of Medicine in 1769, and
in 1770 they received the Doctor's degree. There were two gradu-
ates in 1771, five in 1772, one in 1773, and one in 1774.¹ This
school, like the college itself, was interrupted by the Revolution,
and was not resumed until after reorganization under the Regents.
At a meeting of the Regents held December 14, 1784, the report
of a committee of medical gentlemen of the Board of Regents as
then organized was approved, in reference to the establishment of
a Medical School, and during the month the several Professorships
in the Faculty of Medicine were filled as follows:
Dr. Samuel Bard.
Dr. Benjamin Kissam.
!
Professor of Chemistry.
Professor of the Institutes of Medicine.
See a fuller account of this colonial School of Medicine in Historical Sketch of
the State of Medicine in the American Colonies from their first Settlement to the
Period of the Revolution. By John B. Beck, M. D., p. 52- American Medical and
Philadelphia Register, II, 228. Also Annals of Medical Progress. By Dr. Joseph
M. Toner, 1874.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
127
Professor of Anatomy and Surgery.
Dr. Charles McKnight.
Dr. Nicholas Romayne.
Dr. Ebenezer Crosby.
Professor of the Practice of Medicine.
Professor of Midwifery.
An incident occurred April 13, 1788, that for a time had a most
injurious effect upon the progress of medical education. The re-
mains from a dissecting room having been found by some boys
while at play, brought a crowd around the premises, and the rage
thus kindled spread quickly through the town. For three or
four days the mob paraded the streets, and the irritation extended
to all physicians and surgeons, some of whom were barely able to
avoid the fury of the excited crowd.¹
To allay this feeling a charitable enterprise was undertaken as
elsewhere noticed in our account of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons in the City of New York. There were evidently diffi-
culties in the way of maintaining a School of Medicine in connection
with the College, as none were graduated until 1793. The efforts
made by a rival interest, and which almost succeeded for a time,
having awakened new efforts in behalf of the school in Columbia
College, and they succeeded in delaying an incorporation of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons until 1807. The controversy
occasioned by these measures had, however, an unfavorable effect,
which was finally terminated by a consolidation in 1813, the Medi-
cal School in Columbia College having been practically closed since
1810.
During this period the following professors held appointments in
the faculty, in addition to those above named:
Dr. Richard Bailey, 1792 to 1793.
Dr. Wright Post, 1792 to 1793.
Dr. Richard Bailey, 1793 to 1811.
Professor of Anatomy.
| Dr. Wright Post, 1793 to 1813.
Professor of Surgery.
|
| Dr. Valentine Mott, 1811 to 1813.
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine.
Dr. William Hamersley, 1795 to 1808.
Professor of Midwifery.
Dr. John R. B. Rogers, 1792 to 1808.
| Dr. Walter C. Buchanan, 1808 to 1813.
¹It is stated by Dunlap, in his History of New York (II, p. 257), as within the
writer's observation, that the house of Sir John Temple, the British consul, was
with difficulty saved from the mob, through the personal efforts of Governor
Clinton. It is said that the name Sir John" upon the door was mistaken for
'Surgeon," and hence this insult was offered.
128
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Dr. Henry Moyes, 1785 to 1786.
Dr. Samuel Bard, 1786 to 1787.
Professor of Chemistry.
Dr. Samuel Nicoll, 1792 to 1794.
Dr. James S. Stringham, 1810 to 1814.
Professor of the Institutes of Medicine.
Dr. William Hamersley, 1792 to 1795.
Professor of the
Dr. Samuel Nicoll, 1792 to 1794.
Dr. Edward Stevens, 1794 to 1795.
| Dr. John C. Osborn, 1808 to 1813.
Practice of Medicine.
| Dr. William Hamersley, 1808 to 1813.
| Dr.
Professor of Materia Medica.
Dr. William P. Smith, 1792 to 1795.
Dr. David Hosack, 1796 to 1811.
Dr. John C. Osborn, 1811 to 1813.
Professor of Botany.
Dr. Richard S. Kissam, 1792 to 1793.
Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, 1793 to 1795.
Dr. David Hosack, 1795 to 1811.
Dr. SAMUEL BARD was Dean of the Medical Faculty from 1792 to
1804. During the period between the revival in 1784 and the sus
pension in 1813, twenty-four persons received the degree of Doctor
of Medicine, viz., four in 1793, three in 1794, two in 1795, two in
1796, one in 1797, two in 1802, two in 1803, three in 1804, two in
1805, and one each in 1806, 1807 and 1810.1
Number of Students attending the Medical School of Columbia College
from 1792 until its union with the College of Physicians and
Surgeons.
YEARS.
Students.
YEARS.
Students.
YEARS.
Students.
1792-1793....
38
1793-1794..
1794-1795..
1795-1796..
39
1796-1797.
1797-1798..
1798-1799...
*******
1799-1800....
21
1806-1807....
43
1800-1801...
34
1807-1808..
40
1801-1802..
51
1808-1809...
1802-1803..
40
1809-1810.
•
29 1803-1804..
29 1804-1805..
34
34 1810-1811
35805
55
55
50
54
64
• ·
48
·
1805-1806...
65
The numbers given in the above table are quoted from the pamph-
let of Dr. Hosack cited in the note preceding.
[An account of the "College of Physicians in the City of New
York" (since 1860 connected with Columbia College) will be given
separately.]
¹ These numbers are given in the General Catalogue of Columbia College (1754-
1882), but differ from a statement made by Dr. David Hosack in a pamphlet pub-
lished in 1811, entitled "Observations on the Establishment of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York, and the late Proceedings of
the Regents of the University relative to that Institution." He gives the number
at thirty-four, viz., five in 1793, four in 1794, two each in 1795, 1796, 1797, one in
1798, four in 1802, three each in 1803, 1804, two in 1805, one in 1806, two in 1807,
and three in 1810.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
129
Law School of Columbia College.
In 1793, James Kent, afterward Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and still later Chancellor of the State of New York, was ap-
pointed Professor of Law in Columbia College, and held the office
until 1798. Upon retiring from the office of Chancellor in 1823,
having reached the age of sixty years, fixed by the Constitution as
the limit of tenure of that office, he was again appointed Professor
of Law, and held until his death in 1847. He was succeeded by
William Betts, LL. D., who held from 1848 to 1859, when he re-
signed.
The law lectures of Chancellor Kent attracted much attention, and
were of great service in preparing students for the practice of law.
In May, 1858, the trustees established a Department of Law un-
der the name of "The Law School of Columbia College," which has
since been continued. Its objects are defined in the "Handbook of
Information," as follows:
"The fundamental purpose of the existing organization was to
give to students of law a more systematic and comprehensive course
of instruction than was to be obtained by the ordinary method of
legal education which then prevailed. One of the chief ends in
view was to impart to the study of jurisprudence a distinctively
scientific character, and to inculcate a knowledge of legal principles
by the constant drill of oral recitation on the part of the students,
and by familiar exposition given by thoroughly qualified instructors.
In the adoption of this method of instruction by daily recitation, the
custom prevalent at that time and subsequently in similar institu-
tions, of teaching by the mere reading of lectures to the students,
was designedly much qualified, and this essential feature of the plan
upon which the school was founded has, within a comparatively re-
cent time, constituted its distinguishing characteristic as compared
with other law schools. The anticipated advantages to be derived
from the system adopted have been attained in actual experience.”
The course occupies two years, the first or junior year being de-
voted to the study of general commentaries upon Municipal Law and
Contracts and Real Estate. The second or senior year includes
Equity Jurisprudence, Commercial Law, the Law of Torts, Criminal
Law, Evidence, Pleadings and Practice. Lectures upon Constitu-
tional Law and History, Political Science and International Law are
delivered as occasion may require, through both years, and upon
Medical Jurisprudence to the senior class.
The department of municipal law is divided into two sections, in
each class, to meet the convenience of students. It occupies ten
17
130
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
hours in each week and attendance is compulsory. The other lec-
tures in the school are optional, but strongly recommended as in a
high degree useful. The students may attend any of the lectures of
the medical school free of charge upon special application to the
warden.
The school is on East Forty-ninth street, between Madison and
Fourth avenues, upon the same block with the School of Arts, the
School of Mines and the School of Political Science. It is conducted
by five Professors, who have in charge the following subjects:
1. The Law of Contracts, Maritime and Admiralty Law, to which
is also assigned a course of lectures on General Jurisprudence.
2. Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence.
3. Criminal Law, Torts and Procedure.
4. Constitutional History, International and Constitutional Law
and Political Science.
5. Medical Jurisprudence.
Applicants are divided into two classes those who are, and those
who are not, candidates for a degree. If graduates of a literary Col-
lege they are not examined. The course of examination is pre-
scribed, and is divided into regular and substituted examinations.
The scholastic year extends from the first Monday of October to the
end of May, a period of eight calendar months. Lecture fees, $150
a year, besides $5 for matriculation each year, and $25 for graduation.
In the department of municipal law there have been established
three prize tutorships, of $500 each annually, which continue three
years. The first was awarded in 1883, the second in 1884, and a
third will be awarded in 1885, and annually thereafter as former ones
expire from members of the graduating class. A series of money
prizes has also been established, of which three are in the depart-
ment of municipal law, amounting to $250, $150 and $100 re-
spectively. The degree of Bachelor of Law, Cum Laude, is conferred
upon those who pass the prize examinations and others who receive
honorable mention by the committee of award.
A prize or prizes of $150, founded by Robert N. Tappen, Esq.,
in the department of constitutional law, may be granted. The
rule of adding the words of approbation to the degree extends to
this and other departments. All graduates receive the degree of
Bachelor of Law, and others official certificates of attendance, stating
the time and the degree of attainments.
By an act passed April 7, 1860,' the professors of the Law School
1 Chap. 202, Laws of 1860.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA College.
131
and the law committee of the trustees of Columbia College were to
examine students, and might recommend for graduation. Diplomas
given after attending lectures eighteen months, were to entitle those
receiving them to the privilege of practicing law in the courts of
this State. The above act so far as related to diplomas, and the
privileges under them, was repealed June 5, 1877.¹
Number Attending and Graduating at the Law School of Colum-
bia College from its Organization in 1858 to 1884, inclusive.
YEAR.
Seniors. Juniors. Total. Graduates.
1858-59...
1859-60.
1860-61..
35
35
28
35
63
27
61
42
103
20
1861-62.
79
38
117
34
1862-63
90
56
146
41
1863-64..
99
72
171
66
1864-65..
93
77
170
66
1865-66..
61
119
180
48
1866-67
92
78
170
77
1867-68
78
102
180
60
1868-69..
97
107
204
81
1689-70
95
135
230
71
1870-71
119
124
243
99
1871-72
124
167
291
102
1872-73.
162
209
371
139
1873-74.
200
240
440
184
1874-75...
231
291
522
210
1875-76
251
322
573
219
1876-77
•
224
302
526
267
1877-78
1878-79...
1879-80...
1880-81.
1881-82.
1882-83
1883-84.
Whole number of graduates
225
237
462
190
209
227
436
174
239
212
451
175
202
254
456
123
471
160
•
212
188
400
147
105
169
196
365
2,885
School of Mines in Columbia College.
This school was established by the Board of Trustees in December,
1863, but was not put in operation until November 15, 1864. Prior
to this, there was no school in the United States in which Mining
was taught as a science, although in several institutions there were
nominal chairs of Mining Engineering."
1 Chap. 417, Laws of 1877.
2 The importance of a School of Mines in connection with Columbia College was
strongly urged by Prof. Thomas Egleston in a pamphlet printed in .1863, entitled
"Plan for a School of Mines in New York City" (pp. ). The course of study
then proposed extended through three years, and the cost of an outfit was esti-
mated at $17,300.
132
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The object of this school is to furnish the means of acquiring a
thorough theoretical and practical knowledge of those branches of
science which relate to mining and the working up of the mineral
resources of the country, and for preparing persons to take charge
of works of mining and metallurgy upon scientific principles.
Instruction is given in six courses of scientific study, viz.: (1.)
Mining Engineering; (2.) Civil Engineering; (3.) Metallurgy; (4.)
Geology and Palæontology; (5.) Analytical and Applied Chemistry,
and (6.) Architecture. At the beginning of the first year each
student must elect which of these he intends to pursue, and must
abide by his choice, unless permitted to change. No partial or
special course is allowed, and only one course at a time can be
pursued.
The course occupies four years, and there is an advanced course
for graduates of the school. The plan of instruction includes lec-
tures, recitations, laboratory exercises, field surveying, practice in
operative mining, projects, estimates and drawings for the establish-
ment of mines and the construction of metallurgical, chemical and
other works, reports upon mines and industrial establishments, and
field geology.
During the session, visits may be made to various machine shops
and metallurgical establishments in the city and vicinity, and in vaca-
tion the students are expected to visit mines and other establish-
ments, and hand in a memoir upon some subject assigned to them,
and bring in collections for the museum, or for use in exchange.
In the last six weeks of vacation at the end of the second year,
students of engineering are required to join a summer class in sur-
veying or mechanical engineering; and after the third year, students
in mining engineering must visit a mine, and engage in practice,
work or study; or if in civil engineering, must attend a summer
class of six weeks in geodesy, these several excursions and exercises
being in charge of Adjunct Professors in these departments. The
year is divided into two sessions, beginning on the first Monday of
October, and the first or second Tuesday of February. The annual
tuition fee is $200, but students are admitted free under certain
conditions. There are other expenses for apparatus, supplies,
graduations, etc., in addition to personal expenses. The school is
upon the same block with the School of Arts and the Law School,
Library, etc., with its museums, laboratories and lecture-rooms,
but it has no dormitories for students. The first building used by
the School of Mines was erected in 1867; the present one on a
greatly enlarged plan was built in 1874.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
133
•
To those who complete the required course of studies, and the
projects, dissertations, memoirs, analyses, essays, drawings, etc.,
passing all the examinations required, the degree of Engineer of
Mines (E. M.), Civil Engineering (C. E.), or Bachelor of Philosophy
(Ph. B.), is conferred, according to the course pursued.
Graduates of the school who fulfill the following conditions are
recommended to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.):
(1.) Each candidate shall pursue, for the term of at least one
academic year, a course of higher study, at the school and under the
direction of the faculty, in two or more branches of science, and
shall pass an approved examination thereon.
(2.) It shall also present an acceptable thesis on dissertation em-
bodying the results of special study, research or observation, upon a
subject previously approved and accepted by the Faculty.
Number attending and graduating at the School of Mines in
Columbia College from its Commencement in 1864 to 1884,
inclusive.
YEARS.
ATTENDING.
Special.
Preparatory.
First year.
Second year.
Third year.
Fourth year.
Resident
graduates.
Total.
Graduating.
1864-65....
14
27
1865-66..
43
35
1866-67
45
25
32
1867-68..
61
-21
20
1300
7
48
6
97
4
116
13
24
126
20
1868-69
27
9
17
18
17
1869-70..
26
11
12
13
15
LO N
5
93
11
2
79
9
1870-71.
53
16
6
8
9
92
7
1871-72
58
25
19
5
8
115
5
1872-73
35
42
39
15
5
136
5
1873-74..
27
44
62
19
10
162
9
1874-75
19
56
68
32
21
196
20
1875-76
20
53
78
43
25
11
230
26
1876-77
19
21
73
44
1877-78.
17
40 46
67
1878-79..
25
76
73
1879-80
41
81
73
1880-81.
87
73
1881-82.
1882-83.
80
78
1883-84......
89
67
259* :**
30
3
230
32
77
10
257
40
40
34
16
264
83
48
41
11
295
35
44
40
16
260
54
273
50
73
35
8 274
40
59
67
4
286
67
Whole number of graduates to 1884, inclusive, 476.
134
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
School of Political Science in Columbia College.
This was established by the following resolutions of the Board of
Trustees, passed June 7, 1880:
Resolved, That there be established, to go into operation at the
opening of the academic year next ensuing, a School designed to
prepare young men for the duties of public life, to be entitled a
School of Political Science, having a definitely prescribed curriculum
of study extending over a period of three years, and embracing the
History of Philosophy, the History of the Literature of the Political
Sciences, the General Constitutional History of Europe, the Special
Constitutional History of England and the United States, the Roman
Law, and the jurisprudence of existing codes derived therefrom, the
Comparative Constitutional Law of European States and of the
United States, the Comparative Constitutional Law of the different
States of the American Union, the History of Diplomacy, Inter-
national Law, Systems of Administration, State and National, of the
United States, Comparison of American and European System of
Administrations, Political Economy and Statistics.
Resolved, That the qualifications required of the candidate for
admission to this School shall be that he shall have successfully pur-
sued a course of undergraduate study in this College, or in some other
maintaining an equivalent curriculum to the close of the Junior year.
Resolved, That the Students of the School who shall satisfactorily
complete the studies of the first year, shall be entitled for examina-
tion and the recommendation of the Faculty, to receive the degree
of Bachelor of Philosophy; and those who complete the entire
course of three years, shall, on similar examination and recommenda-
tion, be entitled to receive the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
In accordance with the foregoing resolutions the school was
opened in October, 1880.
The purpose of the school is to give a complete general view of
all the subjects, both of internal and external public policy, from
the three-fold standpoint of History, Law and Philosophy. Its
prime aim is, therefore, the development of all the branches of the
Political Sciences. Its secondary and practical objects are:
(a.) To fit young men for all the political branches of the public
service.
(b.) To give an adequate economic and legal training to those
who intend to make journalism their profession.
(c.) To supplement, by courses in public law and comparative
jurisprudence, the instruction in private municipal law offered by
the School of Law.
The matriculation fee is $5, payable at the beginning of each
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
135
scholastic year. The tuition fee is $150 a year. Special students
are admitted, but are not allowed degrees.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation.
1880-81...
1881-82..
1882-83..
1883-84...
·
Graduates.
Instructors. Students.
Ph. B.
Ph. D.
6
11
10
22
11
5
30
15
3
8
42
17
1
Total number of graduates to 1884, 57.
Collegiate Education of Women.
The trustees of Columbia College, by resolution adopted June 8,
1883, ordered that a course of collegiate study, equivalent to the
course given to young men in the College, should be offered to such
women as may desire to avail themselves of it, to be pursued under
the general direction of the faculty of the College in accordance with
specified principles and regulations.
The course of study extends through four years, and the studies
are arranged in nine groups, viz.:
1. English Language and Literature.
2. Modern Languages and Foreign Literature.
3. The Latin Language and Literature.
4. Greek Language and Literature.
5. History and Political Science.
6. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy.
7. Mathematics.
8. Physics, Chemistry and Hygiene.
9. Natural History, Geology, Palæontology, Botany and Zoology.
Of these one must be selected for the first two years, and with it
another. After this they become elective. The examinations are
to be in writing, and at the end of the course the student is to re-
ceive a certificate of the subjects pursued with success.¹
The Library of Columbia College.
Till the fall of 1883, there were, in nine different rooms, six
independent collections belonging to the various schools, besides sev-
eral department libraries. They were then consolidated, and entire
reorganization of staff and methods was made, and ample provision.
made for its convenient use. A new fire-proof building centrally
located with respect to the various schools around it, was erected at
The Catalogue of 1884-5 shows an attendance of seven in this course.
136
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
a cost of over $400,000, and contains every convenience for library
management. The consolidated collections numbered fifty thousand
volumes, and during the present year 13,888 more have been added.
Over four hundred different serials are regularly received, and
arrangements are made with the view of affording the greatest facility
for reference and convenient use. The library is in charge of a chief
librarian, four librarians of departments, and fifteen assistants en-
gaged in putting the library into perfect working condition, and
members of the staff of twenty-nine are specially assigned to aid
readers in every department. The hours of opening are from 8 a.
M. to 10 P. M. daily, including holidays and vacations, excepting
Sundays and Good Friday.
School of Library Economy.
Upon the 5th of May, 1884, in accordance with a plan submitted
a year before, and maturely considered and perfected by a committee
of the trustees, resolutions were passed establishing the “COLUMBIA
COLLEGE SCHOOL OF LIBRARY ECONOMY," with the design of affording
special instruction to those wishing to qualify themselves for the
duties of professional librarians. The plan has been arranged, but
will not be put in full operation before 1886. It is proposed to give
the training and instruction by means of Lectures, courses of read-
ing, the Seminary (conferences for familiar discussion), Visiting
libraries, practical problems and actual library work. The Chief
Librarian is appointed Professor of Library Economy, etc., in charge
of the school, and arrangements made with prominent librarians and
bibliographers for lectures and instruction.
LIST OF PRESIDENTS AND PROFESSORS OF THE SCHOOL OF ARTS OF
COLUMBIA COLLEGE AS GIVEN IN THE GENERAL CATALogue,
1754-1882.¹
2
Presidents.
Samuel Johnson, S. T. D., 1754–63.
Myles Cooper, LL. D., 1763-75.
Benjamin Moore, A. M., 1775-76.
William Samuel Johnson, LL. D., 1787-1800.
Charles H. Wharton, S. T. D., 1801.
Benjamin Moore, S. T. D., 1801-11.
William Harris, S. T. D., 1811-29.
Wm. Alexander Duer, LL. D., 1829-42.
Nathaniel F. Moore, LL. D., 1842–49.
| Charles King, LL. D., 1849-64.
Frederick A. P. Barnard, L. H. D., S. T. D.,
LL. D., 1864-
Provost-John M. Mason, S. T.' D., 1811-16.
Professors of Mathematics and Natural History.
Daniel Treadwell, A. M., 1757-60.
Robert Harpur, A. M., 1761–65.
John Kemp, LL. D., 1799-1812.
Robert Adrian, LL. D., 1813-20.
1 The lists of Professors of the Medical school will be found elsewhere.
2 Pro tempore, in absence of President.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
137
Professors of Moral Philosophy.
(Logic added in 1795, Rhetoric and Belles-Letters in 1799, and Intellectual Philosophy and
Political Economy in 1818.)
Myles Cooper, A. M., 1762-63.
John Daniel Gros, S. T. D., 1787–95.
John McKnight, S. T. D., 1795–99.
Robert Harpur, A. M., 1765-67.
John Kemp, LL. D., 1786-99.
Charles Davies, LL. D., 1857-59.
John Bowden, S. T. D., 1801–17.
John McVickar, S. T. D., 1817-57.
Professors of Mathematics.
William G. Peck, A. M. (Adjunct), 1857-59.
Howard Van Amringe, A. M. (Adjunct),
1863-73. (Prof.) 1873–
Professors of Natural Philosophy.
(Astronomy added in 1785.)
Samuel Clossy, M. D., 1765-76.
| Samuel Bard, M. D., 1785–86.
Professor of Natural Law.
(History and Languages added in 1775.)
John Vardill, A. M., 1773–76.
Professors of the French Language.
(Revised in 1828, as "Department of French Language and Literature." Abolished in 1866.)
John P. Tetard, 1784-87.
Villette De Marcellin, 1792-99.
Antoine Verren, A. M., 1828–39.
Felix G. Berteau, LL. B., 1839-56.
Professors of the Greek and Latin Languages.
(Grecian and Roman Antiquities added in 1794.)
William Cochran, A. M., 1784-89.
Peter Wilson, A. M., 1789-92.
Elijah D. Rattoone, S. T. D., 1792-97.
Peter Wilson, LL. D., 1797-1820.
Nathaniel F. Moore, A. M. (Adj.), 1817–20.
Benjamin Moore, A. M., 1784-87.
66
"
Nathaniel F. Moore, LL. D., 1820-35.
Charles Anthon, A. B. (Adj.), 1820-30.
LL. D. (Jay Prof.), 1830-57.
Robert G. Vermilye, A. M. (Adj.), 1837–43.
Henry Drisler, jr. (Ádj.), 1845-57.
Professor of Rhetoric and Logic.
Professor in the Oriental Languages.
Professors of the German Language.
Johann C. Kunze, S. T. D., 1784-87, and 1792-99.
(Revived in 1830, as Department of German Language and Literature. From 1843
"Gebhard, Professor.")
John Daniel Gros, S. T. D., 1784-95.
Frederick C. Scheffer, S. T. D., 1830–31.
William Ernenputsch, 1832.
John Louis Tellkampf, J. U. D., 1843-47.
John D. Gros, S. T. D., 1784-95.
Henry Moyes, LL. D., 1785-86.
Henry I. Schmidt, S. T. D., 1847-80.
Charles Sprague Smith, A. M., 1880–82.
Hjalmar H. Boyesen, Ph. D. 1882-
Professors of Geography.
►
| John Kemp, LL. D., 1795-99.
Professor of Natural History.
Professsor of Natural History, Chemistry, Agriculture, and the other Arts depending
thereon.
Samuel L. Mitchill, M. D., LL. D., 1792-1801.
Professors of Law.
James Kent, A. M., 1793-98.
William Betts, LL. D., 1848-54.
´, LL. D., 1823–47.
Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres.
John Bisset, A. M., 1795-99.
Professors of Chemistry.
James S. Stringham, M. D., 1802-10.
John Griscom, 1813-20.
Charles A. Joy, Ph. D., 1857-77.
Charles F. Chandler, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D.,
1877-
18
138
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professors of Mathematics and Astronomy.
(Mechanics added in 1865.)
Robert Adrian, LL. D., 1820-25.
Charles W. Hackley, S. T. D., 1843-57.
Henry James Anderson, M. D., LL. D., 1825- | William Guy Peck, Ph. D., LLĹ. D., 1861-
75.
James Renwick, 1820-63.
Professors of Natural and Experiment Philosophy and Chemistry.
| Richard S. McCulloch, 1854-57.
Professors of the Italian Language and Literature.
Lorenzo Da Ponte, 1826-37.
| E. Felix Foresti, LL. B., 1839-56.
Professor of the Hebrew Language and Literature.
Samuel H. Turner, S. T. D., 1830-61.
Professor of the Spanish Language and Literature.
Mariano Velazquez de la Cadena, LL. B., 1830-60.
Professor of Elementary Chemistry.
William H. Ellet, M. D., 1832-33.
John W. S. Hows, 1844-57.
Professor of Elocution.
Professor of the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion.
John McVickar, S. T. D., 1857-68.
Jay Professors of the Greek Language and Literature.
Charles Anthon, LL. D., 1857-67.
Henry Drisler, LL. D., 1867–
Augustus C. Merriam, A. M., Ph. D. (Ad-
junct), 1880-
Professors of the Latin Language and Literature.
Henry Drisler, LL. D., 1857-67.
| Charles Short, LL. D., 1868-
Professor of Astronomy.
Charles W. Hackley, S. T. D., 1857-61.
Professors of Mechanics and Physics.
(Mechanics transferred to Mathematics and Astronomy, in 1865.)
Richard S. McCulloch, A. M., 1857-63. | Ogden N. Rood, A. M., 1863-
(Expelled for joining the Rebels Oct. 15, 1863).
Professors of History and Political Science.
(Succeeded in 1876 by Professorship of History, Political Science and International Law.)
Francis Lieber, LL. D., 1857-65.
John W. Burgess, A. M., 1876–
| Richmond M. Smith (Adjunct), 1878-
Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Literature.
•
(History and Political Economy added in 1865, and assigned to another Department in
1876. Divided in 1882 into two-the Chair of Philosophy, Ethics and Psychology and that
of the English Language and Literature.)
Charles Murray Nairne, A. M., L. H. D., | Archibald Alexander, A. M., Ph. D. (Ad-
1857-82. Emeritus, 1881.
junct), 1877-81.
Professor of Higher Mathematics.
Charles Davies, LL. D., 1859-76.
Professor of Pure Mathematics.
William Guy Peck, LL. D., 1859–61.
Professor of Geology and Palæontology.
John 'S. Newberry, M. D., LL. D., 1877–
Archibald Alexander, A M., Ph. D., 1881-
Professor of Philosophy, Ethics and Psychology.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
139
Professor of the English Language and Literature.
Thomas R. Price, A. M., 1882–
John D. Quackenbos, A. M., M. D. (Adjunct),
1884-
Professor of Modern Languages and Foreign Literature.
Charles Sprague Smith, A. M., 1882-
Professor of Geodesy and Practical Astronomy, and Director of the Observatory.
John K. Rees, A. M., E. M., 1884–
[Besides the above, there had been employed at various times, 11 Instructors, 29 Tutors.
7 Assistants, 2 Lecturers, 6 Librarians, and 1 Chaplain.]
FACULTY OF LAW.
Professors of Municipal Law.
Theodore W. Dwight, LL. D., 1858-78.
| George Chase, LL. B. (Assist.), 1874-78.
Professor of Medical Jurisprudence.
John Ordronaux, LL. B., M. D., 1860–
Professor of Political Science.
(Changed in 1865 to Constitutional History and Public Law; in 1876 to History, Political
Science and International Law; in 1878 to Constitutional History and International and
Constitutional Law and Political Science.)
Francis Lieber, LL. D., 1860–72.
| John W. Burgess, A. M., 1876–
Professor of the Ethics of Jurisprudence.
Charles Murray Nairne, L. H. D., 1860–78.
Professor of the Law of Contracts, Maritime and Admiralty Law.
Theodore W. Dwight, LL. D., 1878–
Professor of Criminal Law, Torts and Procedure.
George Chase, LL. B., 1878-
Professor of Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence.
John F. Dillon, LL. D., 1879-82.
[In addition to the above there were, between 1860 and 1882, 11 Lecturers.]
FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF MINES.
Professor of Mineralogy and Metallurgy.
Thomas Egleston, jr., A. M., E. M., 1864–
Professors of Mining Engineering.
(Changed in 1870 to Civil and Mining Engineering, and in 1877 to Engineering.)
Francis L. Vinton, E. M., 1864-77.
| William P. Trowbridge, Ph. D., LL., 1877– .
Henry S. Munroe, E. M., Ph. D. (Adjunct in Surveying and Practical Mining.)
Frederick R. Hutton, C. E., Ph. D. (Adjunct in Mechanical Engineering.)
Professor of Analytical and Applied Chemistry.
(Since 1877 Chemistry.)
Charles F. Chandler, Ph. D., LL. D., M. D., 1877–
Professor of General Chemistry.
Charles A. Joy, Ph. D., 1865-77.
Professor of Mechanics and their Applications.
William G. Peck, Ph. D., LL. D., 1865-
J. Howard Van Amringe, A. M., Ph. D., 1865-
Professor of Mathematics.
Professor of Physics.
Ogden N. Rood, A. M., 1865-
140
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professor of Geology and Palæontology.
John S. Newberry, M. D., LL. D., 1866–
Professor of Architecture.
William R. Ware, B. S., 1881-
Lecturer.
A. M. Holley, 1878-82.
(Metallurgy of Iron and Steel.)
[Besides the above there were employed from 1864 to 1882 13 Instructors and 63
Assistants.]
FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.
Professor of Constitutional Law and International History and Law.
John W. Burgess, A. M., 1880-
Professor of Philosophy.
Archibald Alexander, A. M., Ph. D. (Adj.), 1880-81; (Prof.), 1881-
Professor of Political Economy and Social Science.
Richmond M. Smith, A. M. (Adj.), 1880-
Lecturers.
E. Munroe Smith, LL. B., J. U. D. (Roman Law), 1880-
Clifford R. Bateman, LL. B. (Administrative Law), 1881-
Professor of Library Economy.
Melvil Dewey, A. M., 1884-
Attendance since 1831 and by classes since 1835 in the Under
graduate Course of School of Arts since 1835, in Columbia
College.
YEARS.
Seniors.
Juniors.
Sophomores.
Freshmen.
Total.
YEARS.
Seniors.
Juniors.
Sophomores.
Freshmen.
Total.
1831-32...
1832-33..
1833-34...
1834-35..
1835-36..
1836-37...
1837-38..
1838-39.
127
1858-59.
·
100
99
1859-60.
1860-61..
97
222
23
28 26
99
1861-62.
1862-63.
•
53 173
32 43 39
40 38 62 63 203
36 46 64 52 198
46 53 47 62 208
50 42 43 51 186
24 23
28 32
107
1863-64.
37 42 40 47
166
24 39 31
114
1864-65...
35 35 45 39
154
1839-40..
1840-41..
1841-42..
25 37 39 48 149
33 34 34 30 131
31 33 27 30 121
31 21 22 30 104
1865-66.
32 36
35 46
149
1866-67.
1867-68.
81 28 42 39
140
1868-69..
1842-43...
23 16 31 25
95
1869-70.
1843-44..
1844-45....
1845-46..
1846-47...
14 27 27
36
104
1870-71.
24 23 35 32
114
24 30 30
40 124
29 28 39
29 125
1871-72.
1872-73.
1873-74.
•
29 38 33
37 29 40
30 36 35 28
31 30
29 23 33 31
21 28 26 48
45
144
41
147
129
23 36 120
116
123
25 23 45 33
126
1847-48..
1848-49..
1849-50..
1850-51..
1851-52...
1852-53...
26 33 81 34 124
32 31 33 40 136
24 27 34. 28 113
21 27 30 33 111
26 22 34 30 112
19 31 28 51 129
1874-75.
1875-76.
1876-77.
1877-78.
...
21 42 33 53 149
40 29 54 50
26
47 44 79 196
173
1878-79..
1879-80..
45 38
72 78 233
37
61 71 82 251
58 61 66 92 277
1853-54..
29
1854-55..
1855-56..
....
1856-57..
1857-58...
10000898
45 28 34 40
22 51 46 148
20 48 30 37 135
147
1880-81...
1881-82.
49 82
61
94 286
53
27 27 44 48
146
1882-83 .:
1883-84.
60
883
69 82
94 298
62
74
90
286
51 63 80 71 265
26 36 50 41 153
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE.
141
Number of Graduates of Columbia College (including those under its
former name as King's College) from its organization to the year
1884 inclusive.
YEARS.
Graduates in Arts.
Medicine.
Graduates in
1758.
17
~~
1759. 2
1760. 6
1761.
3
1762.
8
1763.
1764.
1765.
225
1766. 11
1767. 2
1768. 6
•
1769. 1
૭.
2
1770. 8
1771. 6
૭
2
1772. 6
5
1773. 5
1
1774. 12
1
1775.
ry
1776. 6
1786.
8
1787. 5
1788. 6
1789.
9
1790.
1791. 21
1792. 12
•
1793. 26
1794. 15
3
1795. 26
2
1796. 15
2
1797. 9
1
1798. 18
1799. 18
1800. 16
1801. 15
1802. 20
2
1803. 18
2
1804. 31
3
1805. 19
2
1806. 20
1
1807. 21
1
1808. 22
1809. 27
1810. 29
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
·
•
•
•
14
:
1811. 24
1812. 23
1813. 18
3
CO
8
1814. 11
6
1815. 19
1
1816. 17
1
2
1817. 18
1
1818. 18
4
1819. 19
3
·
.7
1820. 13
1
5
1821. 30
3
2
1822. 23
6
N K
2 1823. 21
1824. 23
1
1825. 21
4
4
1826. 25
1827. 36
1828. 29
1829. 20
·24
•
•
હીર
1830. 19
4
1831. 24
4
1832. 28
1
1833. 24
6
2 1834. 24
6
1835. 24
1836 21
4
3
3
1837. 23
1
12
1838. 20
2 1839. 25
1840. 32
1841. 31
1842. 30
1843. 23
1844. 14
3
2
6
4
•
6
5
2.
4
1845. 24
1846. 24
1847. 28
1848. 25
6
2
3
1
1 1849. 32
3
1 1850. 23
1851. 21
6
1852. 27
7
1853. 19
1854. 29
4
142
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Number of Graduates of Columbia College. Continued.
.
YEARS.
Graduates in Arts.
Medicine.
Graduates in
Graduates in Law.
School of Mines.
Graduates in
School of Politi-
Graduates in
cal Science.
Honorary
Graduates.
YEARS.
Graduates in Arts.
Medicine.
Graduates in
Graduates in Law.
School of Mines.
Graduates in
School of Politi-
cal Science.
Graduates in
Honorary
Graduates.
1855.
19
2 1870. 30
69
71
9
1856. 45
1857. 27
1858. 25
4 1871. 31
: :
4| 1872. 29
4 1873. 21
85 99 7
76 101 5
5
8
∞ ∞ ∞
16
199 139 5
8
1859. 33
6
1860. 40
53 27
9
1874. 24
1875. 21
84 181 9
108 210 20
6
1861. 36
69 22
6 1876. 27
193 219
26
2
1862. 44
59
34
6| 1877. 26
18 267
32
5
1863. 50
62
41
6 1878. 44
109 190
40
4
1864. 38
80 66
3 1879. 36
195 174
33
1865. 35 68 66
9
1880. 58
117 175
35
2.
1866. 32 106 48
3
1881. 49
120 123
36
10.
1867. 31 95 7777
13
4
1882. 48
215 155 35 11.
1868. 27 102 60 20
1869. 36 91 81 11
3
1883. 57
15
14740
18.
77
1884. 108
30 256 96
32.
Whole number of graduates in the School of Arts, to 1884, inclu-
sive, 2,667.
Beginning with the class of 1882 graduates received the degree
of Bachelor of Arts (A. B.), Bachelor of Letters (L. B.), or Bachelor
of Science (B. S.), according to the character of the studies chiefly
pursued by them during the last two years of their college course.
Graduates in Law receive the degree of Bachelor of Law (LL. B.).
Graduates of the School of Mines receive the degree of Engineer
of Mines (E. M.), Civil Engineer (C. E.), or Bachelor of Philosophy
(Ph. B.). Graduates who pursue at the School of Mines, for not
less than one academic year, a course of study prescribed by the
Faculty, pass a satisfactory examination and present an acceptable
dissertation embodying the results of special study upon an approved
subject, receive the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.).
Students of the School of Political Science receive the degree of
Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph. B.) upon the, completion of the first
year, and that of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) upon the coin-
pletion of the entire course of three years, having also passed ex-
aminations and prepared an original dissertation upon a subject
assigned or approved by the Faculty.
HISTORY OF UNION UNIVERSITY.
143
UNION UNIVERSITY.
By an act passed April 10, 1873,' a corporation was allowed to be
formed by voluntary association of the four corporations previously
existing under the names of Union College, the Albany Medical
College, the Law Department of the University of Albany, and the
Dudley Observatory. This was not to affect any rights of property
nor any of the corporate rights previously existing. The new cor-
poration might hold an estate with an incoine of not over $100,000
a year, and was to be managed by a Board of Governors not more
than seventeen in number. The organic law of the University might
be modified by the Regents upon application of the Board of Gover-
nors; but no change could be made affecting the funds or prop-
erty or the individual government and control of either of these
institutions without the consent of its Trustees.
Under this authority an agreement was made June 12, 1873, by
which the Board of Governors was to consist of thirteen persons, in
addition to the four Presidents, who were to be ex-officio members,
making the whole number seventeen. Of these thirteen Governors
one was to be chosen by the Trustees of each of the three Albany
institutions, and ten by the Trustees of Union College. Their terms
are unlimited. The University appoints a permanent Chancellor
and an honorary Chancellor. The former (who is the President of
Union College) confers the degrees. The latter is appointed for a
year, and is expected to deliver an address at Commencement. He
is thereafter a member of the Board of Visitors. Commencement
is always on the fourth Wednesday of June. Two stated meetings
are to be held annually one at Albany on the fourth Tuesday of
¹ Chap. 193, Laws of 1873.
2
2 The succession of honorary Chancellors has been as follows:
Hon. Horatio Seymour, LL. D., 1873.
Hon. John L. Dix, LL. D., 1874.
Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter, DD., LL. D., D. C. L., 1875.
Rt. Hon. William E. Gladstone,* D. C. L., 1876.
Hon. George William Curtis, LL. D., 1877.
Hon. William Porcher Miles, LL. D., 1878.
Hon. John K. Porter, LL. D., 1879.
Hon. John Walsh, LL. D., 1880.
Hon. Alexander H. Rice, LL. D., 1881.
Rt. Rev. Abram H. Littlejohn, D. D., 1882.
Rev. Richard Storrs, D. D., LL. D., 1883.
Henry Copée, LL. D., 1884.
* Politely declined on account of pressing engagements.
144
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
January, and the other at Schenectady on the day before Commence-
ment. This agreement was approved by the Regents October 31,
1873.
I. UNION COLLEGE.
The earliest movement toward the establisnment of a college at
Schenectady was inade in 1779, when petitions were circulated in var
ious places in the eastern and northern parts of the State, and a charter
was prepared, with the intention of naming it CLINTON COLLEGE:'
These petitions were referred to a committee, who made a favorable
report, recommending that the petitioners be allowed to bring in a bill
for this purpose at the next session. But the emergencies of the
war appear to have diverted attention from the subject, and we find
nothing more concerning it.
2
On the 21st of February, 1785, measures were begun for the
establishment of an academy at Schenectady, by mutual agreement
among the citizens, and placed in charge of twelve trustees. Its
work was carried on with as much success as could be expected in a
private seminary, until its sphere of usefulness was enlarged in the
manner we shall presently notice.
The following notice of an early plan proposed for the establish-
ment of a college at Schenectady occurs in the Memoirs of the Rev.
Dr. John II. Livingston:
"A plan was projected the ensuing winter (1785-86) by some
friends of literature in the northern part of the State, for founding
a College in Schenectady, for the prosperity of which the Doctor
evinces a benevolent concern, and probably made some exertions at
the meetings of the Regents of the University, being a member of
that Board. In a letter to his worthy friend and brother, the Rev.
'Clinton Papers No. 3,467, State Library: A further notice of this enterprise is
given in a "Historical Sketch of Union College " prepared by the editor of this
volume in 1876, and published by the National Bureau of Education in connection
with a plan then proposed for the publication, under his editorial supervision, of
a general series of Histories of American Colleges, with reference to the Centen-
nial year.
A notice of the early attempts for the establishment of a college at
Schenectady and at Albany will also be found in Munsell's Annals of Albany,
VII, p. 126.
A petition was received August 26, 1779, from John Cuyler and 542 inhabitants
of Albany and Tryon counties, and from Thomas Clarke and 131 others of Char-
lotte county for a college in Schenectady.— [Assembly Journal, 1779, p. 9.
2 This building was on the north-west corner of what are now Union and Ferry
streets. It was of brick, two stories high, and about fifty by thirty feet on the
ground plan. It was the only college edifice of Union College until 1804.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
145
Dr. D. Romeyn,' Pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church in that town,
one, it is believed, of the original framers of the plan, and its inde-
fatigable patron, he says: "If I can be serviceable to you in any thing
relating thereto I shall be glad to receive your directions,' and in
another dated the 25th of February, 'I shall be happy to hear from
you and wish to know what prospects remain of our sanguine ex-
pectations respecting your intended College. I have understood
some little misunderstanding has taken place in consequence of
different claims to the same lands which were intended to be appro-
priated for a fund, I hope it may be amicably settled and that your
influence may prevail to engage both sides to unite in the same
object. It would, doubtless, prove a great advantage to the town to
have a College placed there, and its importance to literature and
religion, in that quarter of our State, need not be mentioned.'" 2
On the 30th of December, 1791, the managers of the academy
in the town of Schenectady memorialized the Legislature without
success for a grant of land for their institution.³
¹ The Rev. Dr. Dirck Romeyn was twenty years pastor of the Reformed Dutch
Church at Schenectady and one of the principal promoters of the college. He
died April 16, 1804.
2 Gunn's Memoirs of Dr. Livingston, p. 283.
3
³ They further stated that before the close of the war, and before the Board of
Regents had been created, they had made liberal proposals to the Legislature for
the endowment of a college at Schenectady, since which time an ancient suit had
been revived in the Court of Chancery in this State, relative to the subject of such
proposals as aforesaid, which has hitherto deprived the inhabitants from realizing
and appropriating the proposed estate to the advantage of education, as had been
intended.
They represented that Dirck Van Ingen, of Schenectady, had, with two others,
in October, 1791, obtained from the Oneida Indians a lease for twenty-one years
of a tract of land in the Oneida Reservation, distinguished in the recent treaty
with that tribe as the "Residue of the Oneida Reservation," and that they had, on
the 26th of November last, conveyed by lease 10,240 acres of said residue of the
Oneida Reservation for the benefit of a college at Schenectady, reserving to the
native owners a rent of $250 a year. The said Van Ingen and associates had
afterward leased for the same purpose 5,120 acres more of said land at a rent of
one shilling a year.
The income from this grant would be gradual and at best temporary, and for
this reason they asked the Legislature for leave to purchase the reversionary right
of these lands from the Indians so as to obtain a permanent title, in order to be
in possession of an estate that would enable them to apply at an early day to the
Regents for incorporation as a college, and to have an amount of property that
would justify the establishment of a college. This petition was signed by John
Glen, Abraham Oothoudt, Myndert S. Ten Eyck, Cornelius A. Van Slyck, Andries
Van Patten, Barnardus F. Schermerhorn, Cornelius Van Dyck, Arent A. Vedder
and Nicholas Vedder. A separate petition contained a large number of signatures
of citizens not managers of the academy.
The committee to whom this was referred reported that the lands in question
19
146
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
In a memorial dated February 29, 1792, the proprietors of the
academy state that they had at that time about eighty students in
the English Language, and that they had nearly twenty pursuing
the study of the learned languages and higher branches, in prepara-
tion for the first or more advanced classes in College. They were
fully convinced of their ability to establish and maintain a College,
and had made efforts that led them to confidently depend upon rais-
ing the fund needed for endowment, and asked for a College charter.
As a foundation for their fund, the Town of Schenectady was will-
ing to convey to the Trustees of a College as soon as they were
appointed, and by good and ample title, a tract of land containing
5,000 acres. A pledge of 700 acres more was offered from indi-
viduals, and a further subscription of near £1,000 ($2,500) in money,
to be paid in four installments, was promised from citizens. The
consistory of the Dutch Church offered to give a building called the
"Academy" for College use, and not to be alienated, estimated as
worth £1,500, and a sum of money collected for a library, amount-
ing to £250, was likewise to be given.
J
But as these funds could not be realized or applied unless there
was created a Board of Trustees capable of holding them, they
prayed for an act of incorporation from the Regents, with all the
powers and privileges conferred by law upon Columbia College and
that the name of the institution should be "THE COLLEGE OF
SCHENECTADY." 1
The Regents on the 27th of March denied this application upon
the ground that sufficient funds had not been provided.
Failing in this effort, a petition signed and sealed, with the names
of twenty-four citizens of Schenectady, owning the major part of
the private Academy, was addressed under date of November 2,
1792, asking for the incorporation of an Academy. They pledged
a fund of £550 and 1,100 acres of land, and expressed a belief that
considerable further donations would be obtained when a corpora-
had been guaranteed to the Oneidas and their posterity forever, for their own use
and cultivation, and that it would be derogatory to the interest of the State to
grant the request.-[Assembly Papers Miscellaneous, vol. III, p. 474, State Library.
'The names proposed for first Trustees were Abram Ten Broeck, Abram Yates,
Jr., Isaac Vrooman, Dirck Romeyn, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah Van Rens-
selaer, John Saunders, John Glen, John Bassett, Thomas Elison, Abram Oothout,
Nicholas Veeder, Cornelius Glen, A. Van Slyke, John N. Bleecker, Gerrit S.
Vedder, Jr., and Peter Vrooman, of Albany county; John J. Van Rensselaer,
Jacobus Romeyn and Abram Ten Eyck, of Rensselaer county; Samuel Smith and
William Schenck, of Saratoga county, and D. Christopher Pick and Henry Frey,
of Montgomery county.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
147
tion had been created to receive it. They desired that the institu-
tion should be called provisionally "The Academy of the Town of
Schenectady," but expressed a wish, at any future time, to change
its name, should the occasion arise, to that of the most liberal
individual benefactor.
This application was favorably received, and an academic charter
was granted January 29, 1793, under the name suggested as a tem-
porary one in the petition.
This academy appears to have been conducted with great success,
by Col. John Taylor, who afterward become one of the first College
Professors. In a report of Visitation signed by Dirck Romeyn and
Gen. Philip Schuyler soon after, it appears that the number of
students in 1793 was 128, of whom thirty-eight were pursuing the
classical languages and other higher branches, the remainder being
in English studies. They expressed their full approbation of the
management and their confidence in its future prosperity.
Application was again made early in 1794 for a College charter,
but on the 28th of January this was again denied, upon the ground
that the state of Literature in the academy did not appear to be far
enough advanced, nor its funds sufficient to warrant its erection into
a College.
In a few months afterward we find the subject of a College under
active discussion, as appears from the following papers on file in the
Regents' office:
"At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Academy in the
Town of Schenectady upon the 19th day of August, 1794, the
Board appointed Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, Stephen Van Rensselaer,
John Saunders, Nicholas Veeder, Stephen N. Bayard, Joseph C.
Yates, and John Taylor, a committee to digest and report a plan for
a College to be established in the Town of Schenectady; and in-
structed their committee to form the plan that it may exhibit the
most liberal principles and remove the objections to the instituting
of a College in the said Town, offered by the Regents in their re-
port of last winter, when application was made to them for that
purpose.
The committee above named met at the house of Henry Ten
Eyck, upon the 17th day of September. After reading their in-
structions, and considering the subject, it was resolved that the
subject is of the greatest importance, and therefore requires the
most mature deliberation.
Resolved, That public utility, liberality of sentiment and entire
exclusion of all party whatsoever, ought to be attended in forming
a plan for a College.
Resolved, That in order to render the business more extensive,
148
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and to collect the sentiment of others, this committee will meet at
Albany upon the 11th day of November next, and invite a number
of gentlemen of information in the city of Albany to unite with
them in carrying the business of their appointment into effect.
Adjourned.
(A true copy from the minutes.)
JOHN TAYLOR, Secretary."
The above named, and several others from the city of Albany and
the northern and western parts of the State, met at the house of
James McGourk, in the city of Albany, upon the day appointed,
and the following proceedings were had :
"Mr. Jeremiah Van Rensselaer was elected to the chair; John
Taylor, Secretary.
Resolved, That a College be established in the Town of Schenec-
tady.
Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the College shall con-
sist of twenty-four members, who shall in the first instance be ap-
pointed at a general meeting to be convened as hereinafter directed.
Resolved, That a majority of the Board of Trustees shall never
be composed of persons of any one particular religious denomination.
Resolved, That no President or Professor of the College, being
a Minister of the Gospel, shall take upon himself or hold the pastoral
charge of any church or congregation.
Resolved, That there shall be taught in this College the Latin
and Greek Languages, Antiquities, Geography, Rhetoric, Logic, the
Belles-Lettres, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, His-
tory, Moral Philosophy, Natural Jurisprudence, and such other
branches of Science as the said Trustees shall deem necessary, and
the funds of the College will admit.
Resolved, That the establishment of a College will require at
least £10,000 principal.
Resolved, That a meeting of the inhabitants from the northern
and western parts of this State, disposed to patronize the establish-
ment of a College, be called at the house of James McGourk, in the
city of Albany, on the 16th day of December next, in order to con-
sider of, and revise the preceding plan, and devise ways and means
to obtain collegiate powers from the Regents of the University of
the State of New York and to nominate the first Trustees.
Resolved, That John Taylor, Joseph C. Yates, Stephen N. Bay-
ard, John Saunders, Simeon De Witt, Hunloke Woodruff, John V.
Henry and William Pitt Beers be a committee to report to the gen-
eral meeting upon the 16th day of December next, the plan which,
and the funds with which the said College is intended to be founded
and provided, to be submitted to the Regents of the University.
Resolved, That John Lansing, Jr., Jeremiah Van Rensselaer
and Peter Gansevoort, Jr., be a committee to draw a circular letter,
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
149
and cause two hundred copies thereof to be printed and distributed
in the northern and western parts of this State. Adjourned.
(A true copy from the minutes.)
Зон
JOHN TAYLOR, Secretary."
CITY OF ALBANY, December 16, 1794.
The above committee, together with sundry gentlemen from the
city of Albany, and from the northern and western counties of the
State, assembled at James McGourk's, agreeably to adjournment,
and proceeded to business.
The committee appointed for the purpose, reported a plan for the
establishment of a College, which plan is hereunto annexed, as
amended and agreed to.
The meeting then proceeded to nominate the first Trustees who
were elected, and entered into the said annexed plan.
Agreed, that if upon examination it be found that any particular
part of the said plan be contrary to the laws of this State, for estab-
lishing Colleges in the same, the committee, or a majority of them,
be empowered and directed to amend it accordingly. Adjourned.
(A true copy of the minutes.)
JOHN TAYLOR, Secretary."
The plan above mentioned, and ordered to be printed, was as
follows:
"To the Regents of the University of the State of New York:
We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the northern and western
counties of the State of New York, taking into view the growing
population of these counties, and sensible of the necessity and im-
portance of facilitating the means of acquiring Useful Knowledge,
make known that we are minded to establish a College upon the
following principles:
1st. A College shall be founded in the town of Schenectady,
county of Albany, and State of New York, to be called and known
by the name of UNION COLLEGE.
2d. The said College shall be under the direction and government
of twenty-four Trustees, the majority of which Trustees shall not
at any time be composed of persons of the same religious sect or de-
nomination.'
3d. The first Trustees shall be the following persons, namely:
Robert Yates, Abraham Yates, Jr., Abraham Ten Broeck, Golds-
brow Banyar, John V. Henry, George Merchant, Stephen Van
Rensselaer, John Glen, Isaac Vrooman, Joseph C. Yates, James
Shuter, Nicholas Veeder, James Gorden, Beriah Palmer, Samuel
Smith, Henry Walton, Ammi Rodgers, Aaron Condict, Jacobus V.
¹ In one of the printed copies there is an interlineation making it to read
"twenty-four Trustees, and if consistent with the Law the majority of said Trus-
tees," etc.
150
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
C. Romeyn, Jaines Cochran, John Frey, D. Christopher Pick, Jonas
Platt, Jonas Col, who shall have perpetual succession, and enjoy all
other corporate rights and privileges, which are by law or charter
allowed to the present trustees of Columbia College, in the city of
New York.
4th. When special meetings of the Trustees are deemed neces-
sary, the senior Trustee, residing within one mile of the College
(which seniority shall be determined according to the order in which
they shall be named in the act of incorporation, and in elections
thereafter to be made), upon application in writing from three¹ or
more of the Trustees, shall appoint a time for such special meeting,
in some convenient place in the Town of Schenectady, by advertise-
ments to be inserted in one of the newspapers printed in the city of
Albany, and in one printed in Schenectady, at least three weeks pre-
vious to the proposed time of meeting.
5th. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall happen
by death, resignation or otherwise, the senior Trustee, or in his ab-
sence the President of the College, shall immediately give notice of
the same, and appoint a time and place of election for a new Mem-
ber of the Board, by advertising in the manner above prescribed, for
calling a meeting of the Trustees.
6th. The President of the College, Professors, Tutors and other
officers shall be appointed by the Trustees.
7th. The President, Professors and Tutors of the College shall
at no time hold the office of Trustee.²
8th. No President or Professor of the College, being a Minister
of the Gospel, shall take upon himself or hold the pastoral charge of
any church or congregation.
9th. The President, together with the Professors and Tutors of
the College, shall constitute the Faculty thereof, a majority of whom
when met shall be a quorum.
10th. There shall be four Professorships instituted, namely: The
Professorship for Latin and Greek Languages and Antiquities; a
Professorship for the Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astron-
omy; a Professorship for Geography, Rhetoric, Logic and the
Belles-Lettres, and a Professorship for History, Chronology, Moral
Philosophy and Natural Jurisprudence.
11th. Other Professorships shall be established from time to time
as in the judgment of the Trustees the funds of the College may
admit, and the numbers and proficiency of the Students shall re-
quire.
12th. In the commencement of the operations of the College, and
until the above arrangements can be carried into effect, the President
of the College shall officiate as Professor of Moral Philosophy, His-
tory, Geography, Rhetoric, Logic and Belles-Lettres.
13th. Every Student upon entering the College shall pay to the
Treasurer thereof, two and a half dollars.
¹ In one copy changed to "five."
2 In one copy this article is erased.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
151
14th. Every Student of the College, until the Trustees shall other-
wise direct, shall pay to the Treasurer, for tuition at the rate of six-
teen dollars per year, in half yearly payments, to be made at the be-
ginning of each session.
15th. Every Student, graduated at the College, shall pay to the
Treasurer, upon his receiving his diploma, the sum of six dollars.
16th. The usual College degrees shall be conferred on the Stu-
dents by the Trustees, upon a Certificate of Merit, furnished by
the Faculty of the College.
17th. The Funds of the College shall amount to at least $25,000.'
18th. Until other arrangements be made by the Trustees the
salary of the President of the College shall not be less than $750.
19th. The annual salary of the Professor of Mathematics, Nat-
ural Philosophy and Astronomy, shall not be less than $550.
20th. The annual salary of the Professor of the Latin and Greek
Languages, and Antiquities, shall not be less than $500, and while
he shall officiate as Professor of Geography, Rhetoric, Logic and
Belles-Lettres, such addition shall be made to his salary as the
Trustees shall think proper.
We, therefore, respectfully request the Regents of the University
to take the necessary measures for the establishment of the CoÏ-
lege on the above principles.
We, the subscribers, impressed with the importance of carry-
ing the annexed plan into effect, do respectfully recommend to the
Regents of the University, a compliance with the request contained
in the preceding application.
December 18, 1794.
""
In furtherance of this measure, the Board of Trustees of the
Academy in the Town of Schenectady, held a meeting on the
7th of January, 1795, and passed the following resolutions:
Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the Academy in the
Town of Schenectady immediately upon the instituting of a College
in the Town of Schenectady, will transfer to the Trustees of the
said College, the building called the Academy in the said Town,
together with all the appurtenances thereof, and all other property
of every kind unto them the said Trustees belonging. It is further
resolved, that as soon as possible after such collegiate powers shall
be granted by the Regents of the University of the State of New
York, the Board of the Academy will apply to the Legislature
of the State to grant them full and sufficient powers to convey the
same."
Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the Academy in the
Town of Schenectady, whenever a College shall be instituted in
¹ In one copy this is marked "$30,000, with the Academic building valued
at $5,000."
2 This power was granted by an act passed April 6, 1795.
152
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
said Town by the Regents of the University of the State of New
York, and the circumstances of the College shall require, will
grant a free and full use of the house, called the Academy in
the Town of Schenectady, for the transacting the business of the
College until a transfer of said house be legally made to the Trus-
tees of the College.
(A true copy from the minutes of the Proceedings of the Board
of Trustees of the Academy in the Town of Schenectady.)
JOHN TAYLOR, Secretary pro tem."
These proceedings did not pass without a rival effort for establish-
ing a College in the city of Albany. As early as January 4, 1792,
the Common Council had voted to convey a part of the Public
Square for the use of a College, provided that a charter should be
obtained, and had appointed John N. Bleecker, Simeon DeWitt and
Philip S. Van Rensselaer, a committee to draft a subscription for a
College. These efforts were continued a year or two after, and
were revived by the above recited proceedings in the interest of
Schenectady in 1794–5.
A meeting was held in the City Hall at Albany on the last day
of 1794, for taking measures toward securing a charter for "Albany
College," and a full plan, certified under the seal of the city, was
forwarded to the Board under date of January 12, 1795. The fund
proposed was $50,000, including a lot of two acres for buildings,
and of this sum $10,000 were to be used for building.'
A charter was granted to Union College on the 25th of February,
1795, with full powers for the granting of degrees, and the most
ample guarantees against sectarian control.²
¹See an extended account of these early proceedings with subscription lists,
etc., in an article prepared by the editor of this volume for Munsell's Annals of
Albany, VII., p. 126. A subscription list is published in the First Semi-Centen-
nial Anniversary of Union College, 1845, p. 172, with other historical information
of interest in this connection. Minute details are also given concerning the Old
Academy in Prof. Pearson's History of Schenectady Patent, p. 433.
2 The charter of 1795 named Robert Yates, Abraham Yates, Jr., Abraham Ten
Broeck, Goldsbrow Banyar, John V. Henry, George Merchant, Stephen Van Rens-
selaer, John Glen, Isaac Vrooman, Joseph C. Yates, James Shuter, Nicholas
Veeder, James Gordon, Beriah Palmer, Samuel Smith, Henry Walton, Ammi
Rodgers, Aaron Condict, Jacobus V. C. Romeyn, James Cochran, John Frey, D.
Christopher Peak, Jonas Platt and Jonas Coe, as first Trustees, and fixed their
numbers at twenty-four.
The charter was amended March 30, 1797, by authorizing the Trustees to make
rules and ordinances authorizing the Faculty to inflict on any student the punish-
ment of degradation, subject to the approval of the Trustees at their next meet-
ing, and also in respect to the formation of a quorum.
An act granting a lottery, passed March 30, 1805, provided for reducing the
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
153
An act of April 6, 1795, allowed the Trustees of the Academy
to convey and of the College to accept the Academy building, upon
which the powers of the former were supposed to cease.¹
1
The College was organized October 19, 1795, by the election of
the Rev. John Blair Smith, D. D., of Philadelphia, as President,"
John Taylor, A. M., as Professor of Mathematics, and the Rev.
Andrew Yates as Professor of Greek and Latin. The first Com-
mencement was held in May, 1797, and three young men received
the first degree.
3
They express great confidence of success, but indicated a point in
their charter relating to discipline which needed amendment.
For several years the Trustees in their report complain of the want
of preparatory classical schools. Washington Academy (Salem) was
for many of the early years the principal source of supply. An
act was passed March 30, 1797, defining the powers of the Trustees.
In April, 1798, the financial condition of Union College was re-
ported as follows:
Given by Trustees of the Town.....
Given for House and Lot..
House and Lot for President..
$20, 301 60-
5,712 50
3,500 00
number of Trustees to twenty-one, whereof the Chancellor, Justices of the Su-
preme Court, Attorney-General, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Surveyor-General
and Treasurer were ex-officio members of the Board. The Constitution of 1821
having reduced the number of Justices from five to three, an act of February 14,
1823, added the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor.
The Constitution of 1846 by abolishing the offices of Chancellor and Justices of
the then existing Supreme Court, created vacancies which the Trustees were by
an act of April 19, 1847, authorized to fill, in the same manner as other vacancies
in their Board.
¹ As this act did not expressly declare the dissolution of the Academic Corpora-
tion, it was construed to remain, and more than twenty years afterward it was
revived, as mention in our notice of Academies on a subsequent page.
The old Academy received an appropriation of $310 in 1793 and $400 in 1794.
The chronicles of the day record that the event of receiving a College charter
was celebrated with the ringing of bells, display of flags, bonfires and a general
illumination.
He
2 Mr. Smith was a Presbyterian clergyman in Philadelphia when elected.
returned to his charge after leaving Union College, and died there August 22,
1799, aged 43 years.
3 The Trustees in their first report, dated December 9, 1795, state that they had
organized the following classes, commencing with the lowest :
(1.) Class of Languages, 16 students. (2). Class of History or Belles-Lettres,
4 students. (3.) Mathematical Class, 3 students. (4.) Philosophical Class, no
students.
20
154
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Lot on which the new College is to be built. . . . .
Philosophical and Mathematical apparatus and Library.
Cash raised for apparatus and Library but not expended.
$3,250 00
2,516 00
1,234 00
$36, 514 10
In addition to this property the College owned 1,604 acres of un-
improved lands. The Faculty consisted of a President, a Professor
of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, a Professor of Mathematics
and one Tutor.
The Legislature had before this made the following appropriations:
Act of April 9, 1795, for books and apparatus..
Act of April 11, 1796, for building..
Act of March 30, 1797, for salaries, two years.
$3,750 00
10, 000 00
1,500 00
The Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D. D., succeeded to the Presidency
in 1799, but died in 1801,¹ and was followed by the Rev. Jonathan
Maxey, D. D., who resigned in 1804.²
A College edifice, magnificent for its day, was begun under Presi-
dent Edwards, and opened for use in 1804.³
¹ Mr. Edwards was a son of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards of Northampton, Mass.,
afterward President of the College of New Jersey. He was a pastor in New
Haven, Conn., when elected President, and died in Schenectady August 1, 1801,
aged 56 years.
2 Mr. Maxey was born in Attleborough, Mass., September 2, 1768, and was pastor
of a Baptist Church in Providence when chosen President of Union College. He
became President of the College of South Carolina, at Columbia, and died there
June 4, 1820, aged 52 years.
³ The sum of $10,000 was granted March 7, 1800, for completing the College
and establishing a permanent fund for the support of professors. By the same
act the trustees were authorized to select ten lots in the Military Tract, and the
proceeds from sales were to be invested in public or bank stock for the benefit of
the College.
The following lots were selected amounting to 5,500 acres: Manlius, No. 18,
550 acres; Aurelius, No. 36, 550 acres; Marcellus, No. 19, 550 acres; Pompey,
No. 31, 550 acres; Romulus, No. 55, 550 acres ; Scipio, No. 83, 550 acres; Fabius,
No. 36, 550 acres ; Ovid, No. 23, 550 acres; Milton, No. 56, 550 acres ; Solon, No.
41, 550 acres.
Further aid was granted March 24, 1801, in the payment of interest on moneys
borrowed on the credit of the State.
The lands granted to the Regents at Lake George, Ticonderoga and Crown Point
were divided between Columbia and Union Colleges.
The College received $43,483.93 from its lands in the Military Tract and
$9,373.20 from the "Garrison lands," near Lake George.
See acts of March 16, 1810 (chap. 53), relating to loans of 1800 and 1801.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
155
The Trustees were peculiarly fortunate in their selection of a man
as President to fill the vacancy that occurred in 1804. They elected
the Rev. Eliphalet Nott, a young clergyman of Albany, who at the
age of thirty-one had already become well-known as an eloquent and
effective public speaker, of dignified and courteous manners and dis-
tinguished learning. But he possessed a talent as yet latent, in the
education of young men, that afterward made him one of the most
distinguished of College Presidents. He held the office until his
death, January 29, 1866.¹ Dr. Nott found the College wanting
both means and students. The inhabitants of Schenectady had pro-
posed to raise an endowment in lands, obligations and money; but
the largest subscription was $250 and the next $100, and the total
sum from all sources other than direct gift by the State, was but
$42,343.74. The State, before 1804, had given $78,112.13. The
building begun in 1798, was unfinished, and the College was bur-
dened with a heavy debt.
3
Dr. Nott undertook to provide funds for an ample endowment,
1 ¹ Dr. Nott was born in Ashford, Conn., June 25, 1773, graduated at Brown Uni-
versity in 1793, studied theology with the Rev. Joel Benedict, of Plainfield, Conn.,
and settled at Cherry Valley, N. Y., in 1796, as pastor of a church and teacher of
a classical school. His talents soon secured for him a call to the Presbyterian
church in Albany, where he remained until 1804.
During the long course of years that he held the office of President of Union
College, and was actively engaged in his duties, over four thousand students en-
joyed the opportunity of listening to his instruction, and received their diplomas
at his hand. Dr. Nott had an inventive turn of mind, and patented various de-
vices, one of which was a coal stove, that came into very extensive use, being one
of the very first in which coal was burned. His active mental powers gradually
failed toward the end of life.
2 Chapter 62, Laws of 1805.
3 This building, long known in after years as West College," was doubtless
from designs by Philip Hooker, an eminent architect of Albany, is of the Italian
style, of stone, three stories high, besides a basement, and is surmounted by an
elegant central cupola. It is 150 by 60 feet on the ground plan, and cost about
$56,000 besides the site. It contained the President's residence, chapel, library
and recitation-rooms, and a considerable number of dormitories. In 1815 it was
sold to the county for a court-house, for 3,000 acres of land in Schenectady county,
but was repurchased in 1831 for $10,000, and used by the two lower classes until
1854. It was then sold to the city for $6,000, and is now used by the city union
school.
Between 1805 and 1810 a row of two-story brick buildings was erected on Col.
lege street for dormitories. It was sold in 1830. A one-story brick building, 30
by 80 feet, built in the rear of the old College, and used for a Lancasterian school
while the county owned it, afterward became the College museum, and is still
in use by the city school.
156
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
by the aid of a lottery, and on the 30th of March, 1805, an act was
passed for raising the sum of $80,000 in four drawings of $20,000
each. He also procured laws for enforcing rigid police regulations
for the protection of students, and adopted measures which presently
began to place the College in very successful operation.
2
The grounds in the city were scanty, and no enlargement was
practicable. This led to the securing of some two hundred and fifty
acres on the eastern borders of the city, where the fields rise by a
gentle slope to a plain of moderate elevation and easy of access.
Near the upper edge of this slope, a terrace a few feet high would
afford a level campus of ample space, and a site for buildings that
would overlook the valley, the city and the Mohawk river, while
northward glimpses of mountains blue from distance, and south-
westward ranges of hills dividing the waters of the Mohawk and
Susquehanna rivers, would present a panorama of peculiar loveliness.
A gently murmuring brook issuing from dense woodlands flowed
across the grounds just north of the proposed site, and in the rear
alternating fields and groves extended several miles eastward to the
Hudson.
Plans for new College buildings were drawn by Mons. Ramée, a
French engineer, then eminent in the country, and for a time em-
ployed by the Government in planning fortifications and public
works. Construction on College Hill was begun in 1812, and the
premises were occupied in the summer of 1814.
Another Lottery Grant was allowed April 13, 1814, in which the
sum of $100,000 was directed to be raised for buildings, $30,000 to
pay debts, $20,000 for Library and Apparatus and $50,000 for a
charitable endowment of Union College-in all $200,000. The
same act made provision for the raising of $40,000 to Hamilton
College by lottery-gave the Botanical Garden, bought of Dr.
Hosack, to Columbia College, and gave a valuable privilege in the
subscription of bank stock to the Medical College at Fairfield.
Under this provision a large number of students of limited means
have since received free tuition. This Lottery was many years in
progress. By an act passed April 5, 1822, the institutions having
an interest were allowed to assume conjointly, or to appoint one of
¹ Of this the sum of $35,000 was for buildings, an equal sum for professorships
$5,000 for a classical library and books for needy students, and $5,000 for ex-
penses of indigent students.
2 Chapter 126, Laws of 1808, etc.
3 Chapter 120, Laws of 1814.
4
* Chapter 163, Laws of 1822.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
157
their number to complete these transactions and assume the respon-
sibilities, the State being absolved from all liabilities that might oc-
cur therein. Union College undertook to close up the business, at
which time the sum allowed to be raised was $322,256.81, of which
$45,279.74 belonged to Hamilton College, and $17,000 were after-
ward paid, amounting to $62,279.74; the sum of $33,971.56 be-
longed to the College of Physicians and Surgeons, $4,529.30 to the
Asbury church, and $12,000 to the New York Historical Society,
making in all $112,780.62 to be deducted from the total sum that
then remained to be raised. The Lottery business was finally
closed up in 1833.¹
Upon completion of the two principal buildings on College Hill,
the College building in the city was sold to the county for a Court-
House.
No particular event marked the history of the College for many
'The practice of raising money by lotteries now forbidden by law and pun-
ished by fine and imprisonment, was at that period advocated as honorable,
and encouraged by churches. It brought large sums of money to Union College;
but the tedious delays, proceedings in the courts and legislative investigations
that followed, brought scandal that has scarcely been forgotten.
Upon the purchase of the interest of Hamilton College in the Lottery of 1814,
by Union College under the act of 1822, Dr. Nott assumed the management, his
stipulation being for fifteen per cent of the sum raised. The profits amounted to
$162,713.78, of which Dr. Nott claimed $71,691.29. Some regarded these profits
as belonging to the College. In 1851, an investigation was ordered by the Senate,
and the documents of that and other years with the elaborate reply of the
Trustees of Union College - will afford the views of parties on both sides in this
unhappy affair.
Dr. Nott in his will, made in 1853, donated more than $600,000 to the College
for various specific objects, but a part of the property included in these gifts has
not yet become productive, and its final value is still uncertain. Judging from
the results, we can only regard Dr. Nott as a great benefactor to the College to
which he gave his life-work- however much we may condemn the methods by
which these means were acquired. He profited from a practice then legalized,
justified by public opinion, and commended as praiseworthy.
The will of Dr. Nott contemplated the endowment of nine Professorships,
yielding $1,500 a year each; six Assistant Professorships, yielding $600 a year
each; $60,000 for an Astronomical Observatory; sixty Auxiliary Scholarships,
yielding $10 and $12 per term; sixty Prize Scholarships, yielding $15 and $18
per term, a portion to be increased to $24; nine Prize Scholarships for Graduates
or Fellows, each $300 a year; $20,000 for a Cemetery; $10,000 for an Apparatus
Fund; $5,000 for Text-Books; $30,000 for an Eclectic Library; $5,000 for a Geo-
logical and Mineral Cabinet; $5,000 for a Historical Cabinet; $10,000 for a Lec-
ture Fund, and the residue as a Miscellaneous Fund.
A general summary of accounts with the State is given in Assem. Doc. 213, 1849.
158
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
years after this event.' It was a period of general prosperity and
the unusually large proportion in the senior classes, shows a fact well
known throughout the country, that many students, after passing
through the lower classes elsewhere, came hither to enjoy the in-
struction of Dr. Nott, and receive from him their first degree."
Although prominence is given to the personal influence of its
President, during many years of prosperity, justice requires us to
record the fact, which all the graduates will indorse, that a large
measure of gratitude is due from them to the other members of the
Faculty for their talent, fidelity and ability in conducting the inter-
ests more especially confided to their care.
In 1831 the old College building in the city was re-purchased and
held for the use of the Freshmen and Sophomore classes and some
resident Professors until 1854.
The Semi-centennial year of this College (1845) was celebrated by
a very large number of the Alumni, and the proceedings were pub-
lished in a small volume.
The completion of half a century under the Presidency of Dr.
Nott afforded another occasion for commemorative proceedings of
great interest, July 25, 1855, which were also published in a
Memorial volume. Upon both of these occasions the hospitalities
of the city were extended to the returning sons of Union, whose
numbers far exceeded the public accommodations of the place."
As advancing age brought its infirmities upon the President, the
¹ An act was passed April 25, 1831 (chap. 267), allowing the Trustees to sell bank
stock and re-invest in bonds, mortgages or public stocks.
Another act passed April 19, 1847 (chap. 84), provided for filling vacancies in the
Board of Trustees.
2 This fact, with his reputed readiness to receive students who had been un-
successful elsewhere but for whose improvement hope might be entertained, at-
tracted many to him, and filled the higher classes of the institution. One of the
leading educators of the country has lately remarked that while this course sub-
jected him to criticism, and might be regarded in some respects with disfavor, it
still resulted beneficially, not only to many individuals, but also in rendering
College discipline everywhere more parental and inter-Collegiate comity more
humane. In that day practical efficiency in affairs was most needed for the devel-
opment of the country; but now, while this is still important, it is felt that
thorough training, mental discipline and complete scholarly furnishing is no less
essential to the College graduate.
3 The central point of interest in 1854 was the address of Dr. Nott, which was
a compact review of the labors, joys and trials of the last fifty years.
The prin-
cipal orators besides were the Hon. William W. Campbell, of Cherry Valley, and
the Rev. Francis Wayland, President of Brown University. The latter had been
formerly one of the Faculty of Union College.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
159
1
Trustees called the Rev. Laurens P. Hickok, D. D., LL. D., from
the Auburn Theological Seminary, to assist him as Vice-President.
The whole cares of the Presidency gradually devolved upon him,
and upon the death of Dr. Nott he became President. The duties
were faithfully discharged, but the position was not a pleasant one
and the attendance greatly declined. He resigned in 1868, and was
succeeded by the Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D. D., Ph. D., from
Princeton, who served from 1869 to 1871. The number attending
continued to decline, and in 1872 it was not more than a fifth part
as great as it had been twelve years before.
At this stage of lowest ebb, the Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter, D. D.,
LL. D., a grandson of Dr. Nott and a son of the late Bishop Alonzo
Potter of Pennsylvania, was elected. Bishop Potter had long been
a Professor in Union College, and one of the most distinguished
educators in the country. The new President entered upon his
duties June 20, 1872, and under his management the attendance
increased, and large sums of money were raised. But misunder-
standings having arisen between the President and several members
of the Board of Trustees and the Faculty, he resigned in 1884. It
is not here necessary to notice the grounds of these difficulties, which
chiefly related to the management and application of funds. Presi-
dent Potter was made Bishop elect of Nebraska, but accepted a
pending call to the Presidency of Hobart College.
The Hon. Judson S. Landon, A. M., of Schenectady, became
President ad interim, and at the time of our writing no permanent
appointment had been made.
Course of Study.
The course of study in Union College at the beginning was prob-
ably no higher than that of the average Academy at the present
time. We are unable to present the first schedule, but in 1802 the
plan of education was as follows:
66
The Freshman class shall study the Latin, Greek and English
Languages, Arithmetic, Sheridan's Lectures on Elocution, and shall
write such Latin exercises as the Faculty may appoint."
"The Sophomore class shall study Geography, Algebra, Vulgar
and Decimal Fractions, the Extraction of Roots, Conic Sections,
Euclid's Elements, Trigonometry, Surveying, Mensuration of Heights
and Distances, Navigation, Logic, Blair's Lectures, and such parts
of eminent authors in the learned languages as the officers in Col-
lege shall prescribe."
160
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
“The Junior class shall study the Elements of Criticism, Astron-
omy, Natural and Moral Philosophy, and shall perform such exercises
in the higher branches of the Mathematics as the Faculty shall
prescribe.
33
"The Senior class shall study select portions of Ancient and
Modern History, such parts of Locke's Essay on the Human Under-
standing as the President shall direct, Stewart's Elements of the
Philosophy of the Hunan Mind, and shall review the principal
studies of the preceding years, and also such portions of Virgil,
Cicero and Horace as the President shall direct, and shall be accus-
tomed to apply the principles of criticism."
As it became further developed it compared very nearly with the
course of instruction then in use in the New England Colleges.
But for more than forty years there has been offered at Union Col-
lege the choice of a Classical and a Scientific course, the latter
differing from the former in the substitution of the Modern Languages
for Greek and Latin, and in the extent to which Mathematics and
the Physical Sciences were pursued in the Junior and the Senior
years.¹
Department of Civil Engineering. This was established in
1815, under the direction of Prof. William M. Gillespie, and has
since been continued with success. Its course of instruction aims to
impart skill and practical experience in Mechanical draughting, in-
strumental field-work and numerical calculation, combined with the
study of Text-books, and lectures on various subjects. The course
now extends to four years, and is intermingled with the Scientific
course of the College proper. The Department is well supplied
with models, including the Olivier Collection, representing the most
important and complicated ruled surfaces of Descriptive Geometry,
particularly warped surfaces. The degree of Civil Engineer is con-
ferred upon the graduates of this course. At the present time about
forty students are pursuing studies in Civil Engineering, which has
been about the average of the last ten years.
Department of Analytical Chemistry. In 1855 a Chemical
"It is worthy of remark, as an item of College history, that Union College was
the first to introduce the system of Scientific education, which was afterward ably
advocated by many of its graduates, especially by the distinguished President of
Brown University, Francis Wayland, D. D. The essential feature of this system
as originated by Dr. Nott, and now so generally adopted, was the substitution of
the Modern Languages and an increased amount of Mathematical and Physical
Science in place of the Greek and Roman Classics. Liberty of selection of stud-
ies, within certain limits, was also permitted." [Union University Catalogue,
1873-4, p. 4.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
161
Laboratory was established under the charge of Prof. Charles E.
Joy. It has been since continued, and the average number of stu-
dents engaged in the Laboratory is about twenty-five. Besides daily
recitations and lectures upon Chemistry in the third term of the
Sophomore and the first and second terms of the Junior years there
is a regular daily two hours' course of experimental Chemistry at the
Laboratory. The Nott Laboratory is open in all branches of Chem-
istry for special students, especially for students in Agriculture or
Medicine, Pharmaceutists, Manufacturing Chemists, Mineralogists,
Metallurgists, Students of Medical Jurisprudence, etc. The Labor-
atory is now under the charge of Prof. Maurice Perkins, M. D.
An Alumni Association has existed for a long period.
It was
incorporated by act of March 26, 1857,¹ with various powers and
privileges, and since 1871 it has been represented in the Board of
Trustees by four of its members, one being elected annually for a
term of four years.
Amendments to the Charter. - The Regents, by an ordinance
passed July 15, 1864, reduced the quorum of Trustees, for the
transaction of business, from eleven to seven.
By a further amendment made by the Regents January 11, 1797,
the tenure of office of President was made subject to the will and
pleasure of a majority of the Trustees, instead of during good
behavior, as provided in the charter of 1795. On the 2d of June,
1871, the Regents authorized the election of four Trustees as above
mentioned.
By an ordinance of the Regents passed June 16, 1879, the charter
was further amended so that whenever there were three Trustees
resident in Schenectady no other resident of the city should be
eligible to the office by election of the Alumni.
College Grounds. - The original grounds have been somewhat
encroached upon by railroads and street improvements, and now in-
clude about 130 acres, including the campus, gardens and grounds,
and some 100 acres of fields and woodlands.
Buildings. The principal buildings upon College Hill for more
than sixty years were North College and South College, 600 feet
apart, built of brick rough cast, and facing the west. A "Colon-
nade "extended eastward from each to the distance of about 300
feet from the front line."
1 Chap. 182, Laws of 1857.
2
2 The plans of North and South Colleges are alike except as to the position of
the colonnades, and when viewed in front, each appears as a pair of large three-
21
162
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
To the north and south, but at some distance, were two smaller
symmetrical buildings used as dwellings. Each of the principal
College buildings contained residences for two or more Professors'
families—the remainder being chiefly occupied as dormitories and
rooms for Literary Societies. The chapel, recitation-rooms, Library,
office, etc., were mostly provided for in the "Colonnades," and in
the terminal buildings at their eastern end.
A central circular building, midway between North and South
Colleges, graced the original plan, and for about sixty years was a
familiar object upon paper. In 1858 the foundations were laid and
carried up to the level of the first floor, and there the work rested.
After the election of President Potter the work was resumed, and
it has since been finished at a cost of about $120,000, a part of which
sum was contributed by near relatives of the President. It is known
as "Alumni and Memorial Hall."
This building has sixteen equal sides, is eighty-four feet in diam-
eter, and fifty feet to the top of the walls. It is surmounted by a
dome, which rises 120 feet above the floor, and the interior forms a
spacious rotunda, with galleries, used for a time for the Library, and
serving as a repository for works of art.¹
story dwellings, connected by a four-story building, the latter faced with pilasters
to the whole height and arches extending up to include the first and second stories.
Each College building is 200 by 40 feet on the ground. The end portions are
used as residences for Professors and the central part as dormitories for students.
This central portion has three separate entrances front and rear, with four rooms
on each floor, making, originally, forty-eight rooms in each College. Within the
past few years a renovation of the interior has been undertaken, and rooms in
some cases connected for greater convenience, so as to appear more cheerful and
home-like.
The colonnades are each 250 feet in length by 25 in breadth, and terminate
in square-roofed buildings one story higher. These buildings are each eighty
by fifty feet on the ground. The North Colonnade and building are used for
chemical and philosophical apparatus and lecture-rooms, the chemical labora-
tory and cabinets of the Engineering Department. Those on the south are used
for chapel, library, cabinet, office and recitation-rooms.
¹ In the "Decennial Review connected with the Annual Report of the President
of Union College" (1882), p. 75, the following reference is made to this building :
"Architects of experience and others in no way interested remark that it is more
beautiful and useful than similar buildings of American Colleges, and when
finally arranged, will furnish larger accommodations for Commencement purposes,
etc. For winter use, temporary compartments by curtains or partitions would
make the main floor or galleries comfortable and convenient. It can be utilized
also for Baccalaureate and other gatherings of the public and the Alumni, and for
a Glyptotheca. By its temporary use it has aided the Library in development and
endowment, while its galleries are receiving contributions of art objects and its
rotunda, with busts and tablets, forms a noble Memorial Hall."
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
163
At some distance to the rear of this there has recently been
erected a building with an open colonnade concentric with Memorial
Hall, at a cost of about $40,000. It is known as "Powers Hall,"
in honor of the late Thomas Henry Powers, who made a donation
of $3,000, and expressed an intention of largely increasing his bene-
factions in the way of a substantial endowment. A sudden and fatal
illness prevented even a record of this intention, but his widow in
memory of her husband and his namesake, her only son, increased
the gift by adding about $45,000.' This building is used for the
Library,' and recitation-rooms.
A President's house was built in 1873, upon the grounds south of
South College, and a gymnasium in 1874, in the rear of the same
College building.
Military Instruction. In 1873 a course of military instruction
was instituted, under an army officer detailed for the purpose, and
this is still continued. All able-bodied students are expected to
attend its exercises; but the two higher classes may elect physical
culture, three times a week, or history in two apportionments a
week. In special cases, the same may be allowed to members of the
two lower classes. Work in this department is credited as in other
studies, and neglect debars from privileges as in case of other du-
ties. Instruction consists in drill, target practice, military signaling
and surveying, field fortifications, organization of volunteers and
militia, and other practical information that would be useful in the
emergency of war.
Preparatory School.- Union College has never had a Prepara-
tory Department. The "Schenectady Academy," after its revival
in 1818 the "Schenectady Lyceum" of later date, and at the
present time the "Schenectady Classical Institute,” have practically
afforded the facilities of such a department, but without having any
organic connection with the College. The name of the Principal
of the latter (who is also Superintendent of city schools in Schenec-
tady) is by courtesy placed with the Faculty in the College cata-
logues.
1" Decennial Review," p. 68.
2 The Library of Union College contains about 20,000 titles, and is classified and
A
catalogued upon the best method. There are also two good Society libraries.
free reading-room has been maintained, supplied with newspapers and periodicals,
American and foreign.
164
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Prizes.-The late Hon. Horatio G. Warner, LL. D., of Roches-
ter (class of 1826), Regent, founded a prize of Silver plate, worth
$50, for highest standing in the performance of College duties and
deportment.
The late Hon. Albert C. Ingham, LL. D., of Meridian (class of
1847), founded an annual prize of $70, in plate, medal or money,
for best essay on one of two assigned subjects in English Literature
or History.
The late Hon. William F. Allen, LL. D., of Oswego (class of
1826), established three prizes of $25, $20 and $15, for best essays
on any subject, submitted by appointed members of the Senior class.
The Clark prizes, to the members of the Junior class, for best
essays on assigned subjects in English Literature.
Four Oratorical prizes, two to Juniors and two to Sophomores.
Scholarships.- Ordinary scholarships, there are two grades, de-
pending upon good conduct and diligence, one receiving full deduc-
tion of the term bill and the other half.
John David Wolfe Memorial Scholarships, established by Miss
Catharine Lorillard Wolfe, upon a fund of $50,000.
Levi Parsons Scholarships Fund, $50,000, yielding $300 a year to
two, $200 a year to two, and $150 a year to eight students, to
relatives of the donor bearing his name and living in Fulton, Mont-
gomery or Hamilton counties, and after these, others from these
counties, in an order of preference specified.
Mason Scholarships, founded by Miss Ellen and Miss Ida Mason,
of Boston.
Clarkson Nott Potter Scholarships. Credits on term bills.
Cornell Scholarships.
McClelland Scholarships, founded by Dr. John McClelland, of
New York (class of 1832), and affording credit on scholarships.
State Scholarships, founded upon State endowment, and consid-
erable in number.
Union School Scholarships, limited to Schenectady, and subject
to certain pledges and conditions.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
The following statement shows the condition of the College at the
close of its financial year, May 31, 1882 (Regents' Report of 1884):
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE.
165
Grounds, 220 acres.
Buildings and furniture.
Library, 23,000 volumes..
1. Property.
Educational collections..
Amount invested in bonds and mortgages.
Amount invested in real estate...
Other property
Total...
Debts at end of year.
Net property..
$119, 000 00
265, 000 00
25,000 00
61, 000 00
•
310, 845 00
848, 186 00
171, 832 00
$1,800, 863 00
93, 504 00
$1,707, 359 00
2. Revenue.
Fees for tuition collected..
Income from invested funds.
Other sources, legacies, etc....
$8, 115 03
26, 643 32
4,875 79
Total...
3. Expenditures.
For salaries paid for instruction.
For prizes, scholarships, etc....
For gratuitous aid to 142 students...
For improvements and repairs of buildings and
grounds.
For fuel and other incidental expenses.
For interest on debt...
For all other purposes.
Total...
$39, 634 14
$21, 915 52
260 00
· 3, 000 00
1,792 75
3, 528 58
6, 446 58
15, 329 27
$52,272 70
4. Benefactions during the year.
Mrs. T. H. Powers et als., for Powers' building.
$35,000 00
Gifts through President Potter...
1, 800 00
Levi Parsons, for indigent students.
1,500 00
William K. Vanderbilt..
5,000 00
Sums from sundry persons, less than $1,000 each..
5,793 00
Total...
$49,093 00
166
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
LIST OF PRESIDENTS AND PROFESSORS OF UNION COLLEGE FROM
THE BEGINNING.
Presidents.
Rev. John Blair Smith, D. D., 1795-99.
Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D. D., 1799-1801.
Rev. Jonathan Maxcy, D. D., 1802-04.
Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D., LL. D., 1804-66.
Rev. Laurens Perseus Hickok, D. D., LL.D., Acting President, 1861; President, 1867 to '68.
Hon. Ira Harris, LL. D., Acting, 1868-69.
Rev. Charles Augustus Aiken, D. D., Ph. D., 1869-71.
Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter, D. D., LL. D., 1871-84.
Hon. Judson S. Landon, A. M. (ad interim), 1884
Professors.
John Taylor, A. M., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1797. Died 1801.
Rev. Andrew Yates, D. D., Latin and Greek, 1797-1801. Moral Philosophy and Logic,
1814-2-. Died 1844.
Cornelius H. Van der Heuvel, LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1798-99.
Died 1799.
Benjamin Allen, LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1800-09. Died 1836.
Timothy Treadwell Smith, A. M., Greek and Latin, 1801-03. Died 1803.
Rev. Thomas Macauley, D. D., LL. D., Lecturer on Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1811-14. Died 1862.
Rev. Thomas C. Brownell, D. D., LL. D., Logic and Belles-Lettres, 1806-11. Lecturer on
Chemistry, 1811-14. Rhetoric and Chemistry, 1814-19. Died 1865.
Pierre Gregoire Reynaud, French, 1806-22. Died
Rev. Henry Davis, D. D., Greek, 1807. Died 1852.
Frederick R. Hassler, Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1810-11. Died 1843.
Rev. Francis Wayland, D. D., LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1821-26.
Died 1865.
Rev. Robert Proudfit, D. D., Greek and Latin, 1818-19. Emeritus, 1849-60. Died 1860.
Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1822-26. Rhet-
oric and Natural Philosophy, 1831-45. Honorary Vice-President, 1847-65. Died 1865.
Joel Benedict Nott, A. M., Lecturer on Chemistry, 1822-23. Professor of Chemistry,
1823-31. Died 1878.
Benjamin Franklin Joslin, M. D., LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1827-37.
Died 1861.
Rev. John Austin Yates, D. D., Oriental Literature, 1827-49. Died 1849.
Rev. Pierre Alexis Proal, D. D., Instructor in French, 1826-36.
Died
Isaac W. Jackson, LL. D., Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1831-77. Died 1877.
Rev. Thomas C. Reed, D. D., Adjunct Professor of Political Economy and Intellectual
Philosophy, 1831-49. Latin, 1849-51. Died 1883.
Chester Averill, A. M., Adjunct Professor of Chemistry and Botany, 1834. Died 1836.
Rev. John Nott, D. D., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric, 1839-44.
Edward Savage, A. M., Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
1837. Died 1840.
Jonathan Pearson, A. M., Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
1839-49. Natural History, 1849 Agriculture and Botany, 1873
Librarian.
John Foster, LL. D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1839-
49. Natural Philosophy, 1849
Rev. James Nichols, Assistant Professor of Languages, 1839-41. Died 1864.
J. Louis Tellkampf, J. U. D., German. Lecturer on Civil Polity and History, 1838-43.
Died 1876.
Rev. Robert M. Brown, D. D., Assistant, Greek and Latin, 1846.
William Mitchell Gillespie, LL.D., Civil Engineering and Mathematics, 1845-68. Died 1868.
Hon. Reuben H. Walworth, Law, 1847.
Wendell Lamoroux, A. M., Instructor, 1849-50. Modern Languages and Assistant Pro-
fessor of Belles-Lettres, 1850-58. Acting Professor of Modern Languages, 1862-64. Eng-
lish Essays, 1876
Alexander M. Vedder, A. M., M. D., Anatomy and Physiology, 1849-63. Died 1878.
Tayler Lewis, LL. D., Ancient Oriental Languages and Literature, 1849-63. Ancient
Languages, 1863-77. Died 1877.
Elias Peissner, A. M., German Language and Literature and Instructor in Latin, 1854-63.
Colonel; killed at Chancellorville, 1863
Rev. John Newman, D. D., Latin Language and Literature, 1852-63.
Charles A. Joy, A. M., Ph. D., Chemistry, 1855-57.
Samuel T. Freeman, A. M., Lecturer on Law, 1855.
Alexander J. Thomson, A. M., Lecturer on Law, 1856-63.
Charles F. Chandler, Ph. D., IL. D., Chemistry, 1858-65.
Benjamin Stanton, A. M., Professor and Principal of Union School, 1858-63. Latin,
1863-74. Died 1874.
HISTORY OF UNION COLLEGE,
167
John A. De Remer, A. M., Adjunct Professor of Mathematics, 1865-66.
William C. Macy, A. M., Adjunct Professor of Greek, 1865-66.
Rev. Nathaniel G. Clarke, D. D., Logic, Rhetoric and English Literature, 1863-66.
Henry Whitehorne, A. M., Professor and Principal of Union School, Schenectady, 1863-
69. Greek, 1869
Timothy E. Wilcox, M. D., Assistant in Laboratory, 1863-64.
William Wells, A. M., Ph. D., Modern Languages and Literature, 1865
Maurice Perkins, A. M., Analytical Chemistry, 1865
Charles A. Schaeffer, A. M., Ph. D., Assistant in Laboratory, 1865-66.
Rev. Ransom B. Welch, D. D., Logic, Rhetoric and English Literature, 1866-77.
Cady Staley, A. M., C. E., Civil Engineering, 1869
Dean of Faculty, 1880
Died 1871.
Nathan Hale, Acting Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, 1869
William J. McAlpine, Lecturer in Civil Engineering, 1869-70.
Harrison E. Webster, A. M., Natural History, 1873-83.
Samuel B. Howe, A. M., Professor and Principal in Union School, 1869
Rev. Egbert C. Lawrence, A. M., Assistant Professor of History, 1880-81.
Rev. Robert T. S. Lowell, D. D., Latin Language and Literature, 1873-79.
Captain Thomas Ward, U. S. A., Military Science, 1873-77.
Isaiah B. Price, C. E., A. M., Tutor of Mathematics and Adjunct Professor of Physics,
1875-77. Mathematics and Adjunct Professor of Physics, 1877. Died in 1884.
Charles S. Halsey, A. M., Professor and Principal of Classical Institute, 1875
Lieutenant Clermont L. Best, U. S. A., Military Science, 1877-80.
Rev. George Alexander, D. D., Logic and Rhetoric, 1877-83.
Hon. Samuel T. Benedict, Lecturer on Law, 1873-80.
Ferdinand J. Ballart, Assistant in Chemistry, 1877-78.
Henry Coppeé, LL. D., English Philosophy, Literature and History, 1878-84.
Hon. William A. Potter, A. M., Architecture and Decorative Art, 1878
Rev. Timothy Grenville Darling, D. D., Acting Professor of Mental Philosophy and He-
brew, 1879-80.
Charles W. Vanderveer, Director of Gymnasium, 1879
Major J. W. MacMurray, A. M., U. S. A., Military Science, 1880-83.
James E. Benedict, A. M., Assistant in Zoology, 1879-82.
Ira N. Hollis, U. S. N., Mechanical Engineering, 1881-84.
Sidney G. Ashmore, A. M., Latin Languages and Literature, 1881 ———.
First Lieutenant Henry W. Hubbell, U. S. A., Military Science, 1883
Winfield S. Chaplin, Mathematics and Adjunct Professor of Physics, 1883-84. Mathe-
matics, 1883.
Rev. Wm. E. Griffis, D. D., Acting Professor of Mental Science, 1883-84.
Rev. Giles P. Hawley, Acting Professor of Rhetoric, Logic and Metaphysics, 1884
John Younglove, A. M., 1802-05.
Jacob Brodhead, D. D., 1802-04.
Cornelius D. Westbrook, D. D., 1803-05.
Thomas Dunlap, A. M., M. D., 1803-05.
Thomas Macauley, D. D., LL. D., 1805-06.
Thomas C. Brownell, D. D., LL. D., 1805-06.
Aaron Blake, 1805-06.
Gardiner Braman Perry, D. D., 1805-07.
Samuel Macauley, M. D., 1806-10.
William McMurray, D. D., 1806-07.
Thomas Clarke, A. M., 1807-10.
Noah M. Wells, 1808-10.
Gideon Hawley, LL. D., 1809-10.
Henry W. Warner, A. M., 1809-11.
Thomas T. Warner, A. M., 1811-12.
John Kirby, A. M., 1811-15.
Ebenezer H. Silliman, A. M., 1811-13.
Walter Monteth, A. M., 1812-15.
Samuel Backus, A. M., 1813-15.
John Ludlow, D. D., 1815-16.
Samuel S. Davis, D. D., 1815-17.
Tutors. 1
Benj. Blydenburgh Wisner, D. D., 1815-18.
William M. Adams, A. M., 1816-17.
Francis Wayland, D. D., LL. D., 1816-21.
Barnabas Bruen, A. M., 1817-19.
Alonzo Potter, D. D., LL. D., 1819-22.
Joel Benedict Nott, A. M., 1820-22.
Benjamin F. Joslin, M. D., LL. D., 1822-27.
John Austin Yates, D. D., 1825-27.
Edward Davis, D. D., 1825-27.
Isaac W. Jackson, LL. D., 1826-31.
Thomas C. Reed, D. D., 1826-31.
Chester Averill, A. M., 1828.
George W. Eaton, D. D., 1829-30.
John Nott, D. D., 1830-39.
John Totten, D. D., 1831-32.
Duncan L. Stewart, A. M., 1832-33.
Edward Savage, A. M., 1833-37.
Albert T. Chester, D. D., 1833-36.
Jonathan Pearson, A. M., 1836-39.
John Foster, LL. D., 1836-39.
Benjamin Richards, A. M., 1835-37.
Wilson Ingalls, A. M., 1836-37.
Villeroy D. Reed, D. D., 1837-38.
James Nichols, A. M., 1838-39.
Robert M. Brown, D. D., 1842-46.
Wm. Kelley, A. M., M. D., 1842-46.
Henry Pomeroy, A. M., 1845-46.
Clarkson Nott Potter, LL. D., 1845-47.
Peter V. Vedder, D. D., 1846-47.
Hiram H. Perry, A. M., 1846-50.
John B. Tibbitts, A. M., 1847-48.
Howard Potter, A. M., 1847-50.
Joel Huntington, 1849-50.
Charles H. Taylor, D. D., 1849-50.
Wm. L. Aiken, A. M., 1849-50.
Charles S. Vedder, D. D., LL. D., 1851-52.
Elias Peissner, A. M., 1851-54.
Nelson Millard, D. D., 1854-58.
Dwight K. Bartlett, D. D., 1854-58.
1 The Literary titles affixed to names were in many cases those afterward received.
About half of the number became clergymen.
168
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Sidney A. Norton, Ph. D., Chemistry, 1857. Thos. R. Featherstonhaugh, Latin and His-
John A. DeRemer, A. M., 1855-65.
David L. Millard, A. M., 1858.
Hiram J. Gordon, A. B., 1859-62.
Wm. C. Macy, A. M., 1862-65.
John Ide Snell, Mathematics, 1865-67.
Cady Staley, A. M., C. E., Mathematics and
Civil Engineer, 1867-69.
Charles F. Noble, A. M., Greek, 1867-69.
Lewis E. Rockwell, A. M., Mathematics, 1868.
Harrison E. Webster, A. M., Natural His-
tory and Physical Geography, 1869-73.
Egbert C. Lawrence, A. M., Mathematics,
1870-73.
tory, 1873-76.
Isaiah B. Price, C. E., A. M., Mathematics
and History, 1872-75.
Chas. J. Colcock, Mathematics, 1875-77.
Joseph R. Davis, Classics, 1877-80.
Samuel W. Buck, Physics and Engineer-
ing, 1877-78.
Newton L. Reed, Tutor in English, 1880-81.
Geo. W. Dean, S. T. D., Latin, 1880-81.
Courtland V. Anable, Mathematics, 1881-84.
Henry F. DePuy, C. E., 1884.
James Stoller, A. B., Natural History, 1884.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation.
UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES.
UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES.
YEARS.
Freshmen.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total.
graduating.
Left without
Graduated,
(A. B.)
YEARS.
Freshmen.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total.
graduating.
Left without
Graduated,
(A. B.)
1796.
1840. 31
72
80 112
295 19 105
1797.
1
3
1841. 36
62
96
278 16
80
1798.
1
6
1842. 28
64
77
96
265 24
90
1799.
6
14
1843. 32
54
81
75
242
19
72
1800.
9
77
1844. 27
45
69
81
222 21
81
1801.
8
7
1845. 32
59
73
79
243 15
72
1802.
10
8
1846. 24
66
88
111
289 16
90
1803.
4
17
1847. 32
72
96
99 299 17
80
1804.
6
15
1848. 30
78
118 102 328 19
79
1805.
11
13
1849. 27
59
96 140 322 25
109
•
1806.
6
14
1850. 9
64
89 104 266 23
77
1807.
9
11
1851. 8
50
97
102 257 20
78
1808.
12
18
1852 8
38
83
106 235 33
69
1809.
17
29
1853. 16
50
68 89
223 26
62
•
1810.
25
27
1854. 28
62
70
81
241 31
50
1811.
45
28
1855. 41
89
87 83
300 33
51
1812.
24 29
1856. 62
97
122 102 383 39
66
1813.
15
45
1857. 35
98
132 130 395 56
78
1814.
19
40
1858. 41
104
121
145 411 59
91
1815.
11
39
1859. 42
105
134 159 440 60
77
1816.
12 50
1860. 40
92
133 148 437 58
98
1817.
6 43
1861. 36
80
109
140 390 75
75
1818.
17
52
1862. 46
72
89
124 352 63
66
1819. 13 59
89
79
240
22
56
1863. 16
66
76
99 285 48
62
1820. 16
58
85
96
255 26
65
1864. 25
73
81
98 294 48
57
1821. 17 46
84
88
235 21
66
1865.
21 52
72
84
249 40
46
1822. 19 53
72
90
234 16
76
1866. 27
43
59
71
223 41
36
1823. 10 44
81
74 209 13
62
1867. 28
43
46
60
199 30
38
1824. 7 39
76
86
208
11
79
1868. 17
37
40
43 162 29
25
1825.
20
62
1869. 17
37
46
56 164 29
18
1826.
9
70
1870. 22
25
26
29
114 18
26
1827.
16
68
1871. 27
23
18
24 103 20
24
1828.
10
69
1872. 20
25
20
14 89 19
13
1829.
14
82
1873. 33
23
44
33
134 12
1830.
9
96
1874. 39
32
28
28 160
2222
18
24
21
1831.
13
76
1875. 53
19
24
16
144*
14
1832.
5
70
1876.1 59
34
34
38 165
28
1833.
87
18
69
1877. 45
41
27 26 168+
28
1834. 33 46
83
66
228 17
64
1878. 50
39
33
28
156
23
1835. 26 78
75
89 268 17
88
1879. 50 50
33
27
160
27
1836. 36 75
100
77 288 16
71
1880. 45
47
21 28
1451
27
1837. 30 72
99 105 306 34
91
1881. 64
41
39 44 1938
37
1838. 17 65 109 102 293 26
1839. 22 48 94 122 286 32
93
106
1882. 51 39
1883. 50 35 42 36 163
32 33 190
36
30
*Including 32 Engineers, etc.
+ Including 4 Post-graduates.
+ Including 29 Engineers, etc.
§ Including 5 Resident graduates.
Including 34 Special students and 1 Resident graduate.
HISTORY OF ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE.
169
YEARS.
YEARS.
Number of
students.
Students in Analytical Chemistry.
YEARS.
Number of
students.
YEARS.
Number of
students.
1857
7
1862..
26
1867...
35
1872.
12
1858
9
1863..
29
1868.
16
1873...
18
1859.
26
1864.
21
1869.
21
1874...
18
1860.
20
1865.
14
1870.
27
1875.
..
→
1861
30
1866.
16
1871.
14
•
Students.
Graduates,
(C. E.)
YEARS.
Students in Civil Engineering.
Students
Graduates,
(C. E.)
YEARS.
Students.
Graduates,
(C. E.)
1857.
18
со
1864....
20
1858...
18
9
1859..
28
4
1865...
1866....
23
1860..
26
6
1867
1861..
26
9
1868
...
1862.
21
6
1869
1863.
18
2
1870...
22~AR22
7 1871.... 14
6
4
1872... 9
4
1878....
1879
2
9
1873.
23
5
12
1874...
33
13
1880...
1881....
::9
4
19
4
4
9
1875.
14
....
•
8
6
1876
1877.
12
12
1882..
1883...
7
• •
11
...
13
13
1884....
Present Faculty of Union College.
Hon. Judson S. Landon, President ad interim, Lecturer on the Constitution of United
States and its History.
John Foster, LL. D., Nott Professor (No. 8) of Natural Philosophy.
Jonathan Fearson, A. M., Professor of Agriculture and Botany. Librarian.
Henry Whitehorne, A. M., Nott Professor (No. 1) of Greek Language and Literature.
William Wells, LL. D., Professor of Modern Languages and Literature.
Maurice Perkins, A. M., M. D., Nott Professor (No. 8) of Analytic Chemistry. Curator
of Museum.
Cady Staley, A. M., C. E., Dean. Professor of Civil Engineering.
Sidney G. Ashmore, A. M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature.
Winfield S. Chaplin, Professor of Mechanics.
Wendell Lamoroux, A. M., English Essays and Oratory.
Rev. Giles P. Hawley, A. M., Acting Professor of Logic, Rhetoric and Metaphysics.
First Lieutenant Henry W. Hubbell, Jr., 18th Artillery, U. S. A., Professor of Military
Science and Tactics.
Samuel B. Howe, A. M., Adjunct Nott Professor (No. 4). Principal of Union School and
Superintendent of Schools of Schenectady.
James Stoller, A. M., Tutor in Natural History.
Henry F. DePuy, C. E., Tutor in Mathematics.
II. ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE.
In 1833, an application made to the Legislature for the incorpora-
tion of a Medical College in the city of Albany was referred to the
Regents for consideration, and led to a lengthy adverse report,¹
Assem. Doc. 288, 1833.
YEARS.
Students.
Graduates,
(C. E.)
YEARS.
Number of
students
22
170
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
chiefly upon the grounds that the two existing medical colleges of
the State were sufficient to meet all present demands for medical
education, and that the true policy of the State was to bestow all
its patronage upon these rather than to increase the number.
In connection with this subject it was suggested, that the laws then
in operation admitting licentiates from different medical institutions
to practice, ought to be modified so as to require in all cases
new examination when coming from other States, before admission
to practice. It was thought that this would tend to prevent young
men of this State from going to very cheap schools in neighboring
States, and check the impositions upon the community by unquali-
fied practitioners who held diplomas when unworthy of them. Such
prohibitory laws existed in New Jersey and Massachusetts, and in
Canada.
A private school of medicine was begun in Albany in 1821 by
Dr. Alden March, and lectures on anatomy were delivered to a class
of fourteen students. In 1825 he became connected with the Ver-
mont Academy of Medicine, and continued ten years. In 1830, he
delivered a public lecture in Albany on the "Propriety of estab-
lishing a Medical College and Hospital in Albany," which was pub-
lished and excited much interest.
In 1831, James H. Armsby came to Albany as a student of Dr.
March, and in 1835 became associated with him in his private school,
as a teacher of Anatomy, while Dr. March confined his instruction
to operative Surgery, and surgical Pathology. Dr. Armsby deliv-
ered several public lectures in Troy and Albany, and in a course of
lectures in 1837, he awakened much interest in behalf of a College,
in which funds to considerable amount were collected for the pur-
pose. On the 14th of April, 1838, a public meeting was held and
active measures were taken to secure a charter. At a second meet-
ing held the next month, it was reported that the use of the Lancas-
ter School Building had been secured, and this was followed by an
act of incorporation a few months afterward. The total amount
raised for the establishment of the College, by the citizens and State
appropriation, was $31,000.¹ The large and valuable anatomical col-
¹ In September, 1838, before a charter had been obtained, the friends of this in-
stitution issued a Circular of the Trustees and Faculty of the Albany Medical
College." It contained a list of Trustees (the same afterward named in the act),
a list of fifty "Fellows of the College" (medical gentlemen mostly from the
eastern part of the State, but six of them in New England), who were privileged
to attend all regular meetings of the Faculty and examinations for a degree, and
HISTORY OF ALBANY MEDICAL COLLEGE.
171
lections of Doctors March and Armsby were put in the College at
the beginning, and increased from year to year. These efforts were
unremitted, until the death of Dr. March in 1869, and of Dr. Armsby
in 1875. (Historical Sketch of the Albany Medical College. From
"Munsell's Hist. Coll. of Albany, 1867," continued down to 1876,
page 16.)
On the 16th of February, 1839, an act was passed incorporating
the Albany Medical College, with power to hold an estate of
$100,000. It was to be subject to the visitation of the Regents, and
was authorized to send one delegate to the State Medical Society.¹
The College was established in a building on Eagle street, between
Jay and Lancaster streets, which had been formerly occupied by the
Lancasterian School, and this, with the addition of wings and other
improvements, has since been in use.
2
The sum of $5,000 a year for three years was appropriated May
25, 1841, to aid in these additions and improvements, and for the
increase of Museum apparatus and library. The Trustees were re-
quired to admit one student free, from each of the First, Second,
Third and Fourth Senate districts, on the nomination of the censors
of the State Medical Society for these districts. A further grant
of $1,000 a year for five years was made May 6, 1844. The
quorum of Trustees was fixed at seven in 1845.*
3
No special events have marked the history of this institution,
which has been uninterruptedly in operation from the beginning.
Board of Visitors," sixty-seven in number, who were entitled to the privilege
of visiting at all times the Museum, Dissecting Rooms, etc., and of attending all
public lectures. Of these visitors, twenty were men prominent in public life,
and in the legal and clerical professions, the remainder being practicing physicians
in various parts of the State. The Faculty announced was as follows:
Ebenezer Emmons, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Natural History.
James H. Armsby, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology.
David M. Reese, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine.
Alden March, M. D., Professor of Surgery.
Henry Greene, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women and
Children.
1
David M. McLachlan, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy.
Amos Dean, Esq., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence.
James H. Armsby, M. D.,
Chap. 26, Laws of 1839.
this College. Senate Doc. 91.
2 Chap. 221, Laws of 1841.
1841.
Dean of the Faculty.
Reports on the bill relative to the incorporation of
Assem. Doc. 29, 1839.
Report on Memorial of Trustees.
Assem. Doc. 56,
3 Chap. 279, Laws of 1844. Report on Petitions. Assem. Doc. 136, 1844.
* Chap. 165, Laws of 1845.
172
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
An effort was made in 1871 to establish a rival Medical Col-
lege in Albany, and a charter for the "Capitol City Medical Col-
lege" was procured, but this was not organized.
The students of this College are classified in four courses.
Students who have passed examinations in recognized Colleges
and scientific schools are admitted without further examinations,
but others are to show satisfactory proficiency in common English
branches. Tuition fees, $100 for a course, or $150 for two years
where paid in advance.
The value of property is reported at $73,000, of which $27,000
are in grounds and buildings, $40,000 in collections, $5,000 in
bonds and mortgages, and $1,000 on deposit. Debts, $12,000.
Revenue, $12,361.31, including $9,797.16 from tuition collected.
Expenditures, $9,342.12.
Several prizes are offered in surgery, ophthalmology, etc., and on
final examination and best theses.
The "Association of the Alumni of the Albany Medical Col-
lege" was incorporated February 6, 1874, for the purpose of pro-
moting the interests of the College and of cultivating social inter-
course among the Alumni. It holds its annual meeting on Com-
mencement day.
The Albany Hospital, nearly opposite the Medical College, and
affording opportunities for clinical instruction to its students, was
opened November 1, 1857, donations having been procured to over
$100,000 in cash, and nearly as much more in property and sup-
plies for the purpose.
ALBANY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY.
Under authority granted in the act passed April 10, 1873, for the
incorporation of "Union University," a department of this name
was established by the Governors of the University, and recognized
by the Regents, July 12, 1881.
This school has been taught in the Albany Medical College build-
ing, and by Professors connected with that College. The course
is arranged for two years, and students of both sexes are admitted.
The report made in 1882 showed an attendance of 18 in the Junior
and 3 in the Senior class, the latter graduating. In 1883, the
numbers were 21 in the first, and 11 in the Senior class, and
graduates 8. The course of instruction consists in lectures and
laboratory exercises. Each collegiate year consists of five months,
beginning on the first Monday of October.
HISTORY OF ALBANY LAW SCHOOL.
173
YEARS
ENDING
IN
The degree of "Ph. G." (Graduate in Pharmacy) is conferred.
Tuition, $45 for the first and $40 for the second year.
Statistics of Attendance and of Graduation at the Albany Medical
College.
Number of
students
attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Number of
students
attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Number of
students
attending.
Graduates.
1839
57
13
1855..
165
65
1870...
86
26
1840..
125
13
1856.
173
64
1871..
92
33
1841
101
30
1857...
170
42
1872..
100
25
1842.
92
28
1858.
121
56
1873-4...
108
34
...
1843
108
25
1859..
8
24
1874..
119
47
1844.
104
19
1860..
80
24
1875.
122
39
1845..
114
44
1861..
157
43
1876-7.
117
38
..
1846..
100
32
1862...
98
29
1877-8.
123
31
1847..
88
21
1863..
157 43
1878.
161
47
1848..
101
22
1864.
111
45
1879.
153
43
·
1849.
96
24
1865.
111
40
1880
161
47
...
1850..
92
24
1866..
116
53
1881...
178
58
1851.
73
26
1867.
88
34
1882
172
54
1852.
58
21
1868.
96
33
1883.
157
51
1853....
136
13
1854..
185
49
39
1869..
76
28
1884.
149
43
Total number of graduates to 1884, inclusive, 1,657.
III. ALBANY LAW SCHOOL.
This institution owes its origin to an effort made in 1851 to
establish a University in the city of Albany. On the 17th of
April of that year an act was passed to incorporate the "Univer-
sity of Albany." The act named forty-eight citizens of Albany as
Trustees, with power to create departments of Medicine, Law, and
such other departments as they might from time to time deem it
expedient, and they might subdivide the Board into three or more
sections for the more direct superintendence of these sections.
The Albany Medical College might elect to form a part of the
University, but this was not to deprive its Trustees of their office
until vacated by death, resignation or otherwise. The University
might confer all degrees allowed in other colleges, and was made
subject to the visitation of the Regents.
The Trustees met on the 21st of April, 1851, and organized a
Law School, with Thomas W. Olcott, Esq., as President of the
Board of Trustees, Orlando Meads, LL. D., as Secretary, Ira Har-
ris, LL. D., Amasa J. Parker, LL. D., and Amos Dean, LL. D., as
174
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professors. The Hon. Greene C. Bronson, President of the Fac-
ulty.¹
1
The school was wholly without funds except as advanced by its
Professors. The first course of lectures was delivered in the third
story of the Albany Exchange, on the site of the Government
building at the foot of State street, and the first class numbered 23
students. The lot south of the Medical College building was offered
by its Trustees, and a wing erected, in 1860, by which more ex-
tensive accommodations were added.
In the fall of 1879, the Trustees purchased a church-edifice on
State street, between Swan and Dove streets, and by the munificence
of Thomas W. Olcott, their President, were enabled to fit it up for
use, with rooms for library, study and lectures. These premises are
not free of debt, but efforts are contemplated for removing incum-
brances and providing an ample working library.²
An attempt was made in 1851 to establish a Department of
Scientific Agriculture, and lectures were announced upon Geology,
Entomology, Elementary Chemistry and Practical Agriculture, but
this intention was not entirely fulfilled. In 1854 a few lectures on
Chemistry were delivered, but without leading to further results.
3
Upon the establishment of the "Union University” in 1873, the
Albany Law School, with the consent of its Trustees, was included
in the Union, but as in the case of other institutions forming this
University, the affairs of each are managed by its own Trustees as
before. The act of 1873 changed the name of this institution from
the "Law Department of the University of Albany," to the one
used at the head of this article.
An act passed April 12, 1859, constituted the Faculty of the Albany Law School
a committee for examining for graduation, and those receiving diplomas were en-
titled to practice in the courts of this State. This act, so far as related to the
privilege last named, was repealed June 5, 1877. (Chap. 267, Laws of 1859.
Chap. 417, Laws of 1877.)
2 The Regents' Report of 1884 shows that the property of this school is valued
at $32,000, of which $12,000 were in grounds, $18,000 in building and furniture,
and $2,000 in a Library of 1,106 volumes. Debts, $10,000; Revenue, $7,932.12,
from tuition, and $525.50 from other sources.
³ Professor John F. Norton, James Hall and Dr. Goadly delivered courses of
lectures one winter. The death of Professor Norton (hastened without doubt by
the heavy duties he undertook of lecturing six days in a week, alternately in Al-
bany and New Haven), proved a serious loss to the Trustees and to Science. It
was thought that had his life been spared, his talents and energy would have se-
cured success, so far as plans for an Agricultural Department of the University
were concerned.
HISTORY OF DUDLEY OBSERVATORY.
175
The number attending and graduating at this school has not been
reported to the Regents prior to 1868. Since then it has been as
follows:
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Attending.
Graduating.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Attending.
Graduating.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
1868..
110
77
1869.
150
1870..
146
55
1871..
95
1872.
*
*
1873.
102
750:0
1874.
109
88 1880.
81
80
64
1875..
106
84
1881
58
48
1876.
101
83
1882.
59
47
..
68
1877..
92
74
1883..
67
45
1878
100
71
76
1879...
72
48
Attending.
Graduating.
* Reported the same as the year before, apparently by mistake.
IV. DUDLEY OBSERVATORY,
This institution, now forming a part of Union University, and
reporting annually to the Regents, was incorporated April 3, 1852,'
and was built and endowed by Mrs. Blandina Dudley, widow of
Charles E. Dudley, formerly a prominent lawyer in Albany.
This establishment owes its origin to the act for the establishment
of the Albany University in 1851, and to the zealous efforts of the
Trustees appointed under its charter.
A building was completed in 1854, upon plans furnished by Pro-
fessor O. M. Mitchell, and the institution was inaugurated on the
26th of August, 1856, at the meeting of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, held (for the second time) in Al-
bany at that time.²
¹ Chap. 150, Laws of 1852.
2 The inaugural address on this occasion was delivered by the Hon. Edward
Everett, and was regarded as one of the finest efforts of that talented orator.
At the beginning of the movement for the establishment of this Observatory,
Thomas W. Olcott, William H. DeWitt and Ezra P. Prentice, each subscribed
$1,000. When the subject was presented to Mrs. Dudley she gave $12,000, after-
ward $13,000 for instruments, and at the time of inauguration $50,000 more for
an endowment. In her will the further sum of $30,000 was given, making the
whole amount of her gifts $105,000. Mr. Olcott gave $10,000, Mr. J. F. Rath-
bone $5,000, and Mr. W. H. DeWitt $2,000 at a later period. The total cash do-
nations secured, mainly through the efforts of Mr. Olcott and Dr. Armsby,
amounted to over $150,000, of which $100,000 were expended in buildings and
instruments, and $50,000 were invested for a permanent endowment.
The sum of $1,000 was acknowledged as received from each of the following
Edwin C. Delevan, A. A. Low. James Brown, George Law, William B.
Astor, Jas. Sampson, John Greig, Gerrit Smith, Alex. Duncan and Cyrus Strong, and
persons:
176
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The management of the Observatory was intrusted to a Scien-
tific Council, consisting of Professor A. D. Bache, Superintendent
of the United States Coast Survey, Professor Joseph Henry, Sec-
retary of the Smithsonian Institution, Professor B. A. Gould, Jr.,
of Cambridge, Mass., and Professor Benjamin Pierce; but before
operations in the way of scientific work could be begun, a mis-
understanding arose between this Council and the Trustees. A
series of voluminous publications followed, in which each party
presented its arguments. It continued until the Trustees on the
evening of January 3, 1859, took possession of the premises and
dispossessed Professor Gould, the Director.
Professor Ormsby M. Mitchell was subsequently appointed Di-
rector, but having received a military education he was called into
the service of his country at the beginning of the late war, as a
General, and died before its close. Professor George W. Hough,
who had been an assistant with General Mitchell, continued in
charge until he resigned, soon after the Union University was or
ganized. A meteorological station was established upon the premises
by the United States Signal Service, and a separate building
erected for its use.
Since the adoption of this Observatory, under the act of 1873,
for the organization of "Union University," the Dudley Obser-
vatory has made an annual report to the Regents, and regular
observations have been made for many years. As an educational
institution its operations extend only to professional students em-
ployed as assistants. It is now under the charge of Professor
Lewis Boss, A. M., Director, who during the last year reported,
had six assistants, who resided at the Observatory and were pursuing
scientific studies.
The Observatory is situated on the northern border of the city,
upon a tract of eight acres of land. Its last report states that dona-
tions of more than $200,000 had been received, of which $85,000
were invested, yielding an income of about $5,000 a year.
A volume of "Annals" was published in 1866, and another in
1871. They were largely devoted to a description of the instru-
ments of the Observatory, and to Meteorological observations and
from the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co. There were twenty-three subscriptions
of $500, eleven of $250, twenty-three of $100, and twelve of $50 each at the date
of inauguration. Several costly instruments were presented and a valuable As-
tronomical Library was collected.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
177
deductions made by Prof. George W. Hough,' the Director then in
charge.
HAMILTON COLLEGE.
The first step toward the organization of this College was the
incorporation of an Academy, which was procured upon the follow-
ing petition:
To the Regents of the University of the State of New York:
WHEREAS a plan for establishing a School or Seminary of Learning
in Whitestown, in the county of Herkimer, contiguous to the Oneida
Nation of Indians, for the benefit of the young and flourishing
settlement of emigrants to said county, and the various tribes of
Confederate Indians, has been proposed by the Rev. Samuel Kirk-
land, and received the approbation and patronage of many of the
most respectable characters of the United States, and is also en-
couraged and patronized by the Society in Scotland for propagating
Christian Knowledge;
AND, WHEREAS, very considerable contributions have already been
made, and there are strong assurances of further very liberal dona-
tions toward the funds of said institution, provided a charter of
incorporation can be obtained;
AND, WHEREAS, the great distance from any well-regulated Semi-
nary of Learning clearly evinces the propriety and importance of
having one established at the place above proposed, as the youth of
that part of the country must grow up in a state of gloomy ignor-
ance, or their education must be attended with very great expense;
we, the subscribers, being so many of the benefactors of the afore-
said institution as have contributed more than one-half in value of
the real and personal estate collected or appropriated for the use and
benefit thereof, do hereby respectfully pray that the said School or
Seminary of Learning may be incorporated and be subject to the
visitation of the Regents of the University of the State, and that
the Honble Alexander Hamilton, Esquire, Secretary of the Treasury
of the United States, the Honble John Lansing, Esquire, the Honble
Egbert Benson, Esquire, the Rev. Dan. Bradley, Eli Bristol, Erastus
Clark, James Dean, Moses Foot, Thomas R. Gold, Sewall Hopkins,
Michael Myers, Jonas Platt, Jedediah Sanger, Rev. John Sergeant,
Timothy Tuttle and Samuel Wells be appointed the first Trustees
of said Seminary, with power to increase the number of Trustees to
twenty-one, whenever a majority of the persons above named, shall
upon due notice think proper to elect suitable persons to compleat
the said number of twenty-one Trustees; and that they and their
successors in office may be known and distinguished by the name
and stile of The Trustees of Hamilton Oneida Academy.
¹Prof. Hough is now Director of the Dearborn Observatory in Chicago.
23
178
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
In witness whereof, we have hereto Set our Hands and Seals, the
twelfth day of November, 1792.
SAM'L KIRKLAND,
JONAS PLATT,
ELI BRISTOL,
ERASTUS CLARK,
JOEL BRISTOL,
SEWALL HOPKINS,
JAMES DEAN.
MICHAEL MYERS.
The Rev. Samuel Kirkland, the first named of these petitioners,
had spent the best portion of his life as a missionary to the
Oneida Indians, and in the treaty held with this tribe in 1788, he
received with his two eldest sons valuable lands, amounting to
4,750 acres. Of this he gave several hundred acres for the en-
dowment of an institution of learning, and in the preamble of
this conveyance he set forth his motives as follows:
"A serious consideration of the importance of education and an
early improvement and cultivation of the human mind, together
with the situation of the frontier settlement of this part of the
State, though extensive and flourishing, yet destitute of any well-
regulated Seminary of learning, has induced and determined me to
contribute of the ability wherewith my Heavenly Benefactor hath
blessed me, toward laying the foundation and support of a school,
or academy, in the town of Whitestown, county of Herkimer,' con-
tiguous to the Oneida Nation of Indians, for the mutual benefit of
the young and flourishing settlements in said county, and the vari-
ous tribes of confederated Indians, earnestly wishing the institution
may grow and flourish, that the advantages of it may be extensive
and lasting, and that, under the smiles of the God of Wisdom and
Goodness, it may prove an eminent means of diffusing useful
knowledge, enlarging the bounds of human happiness, aiding the
reign of virtue, and the kingdom of the blessed Redeemer."
The deed conveyed several parcels of land; one lot being de-
clared inalienable, which has since been held as the site of Hamilton
College; the remainder being left to be disposed of as the Trustees
might deem proper. Mr. Kirkland died February 28, 1808, having
witnessed the first stage of fulfilment of his hopes, in an Academy,
and the first efforts toward its enlargement as a College.
The Academic charter was granted January 31, 1793, under the
name, and with the Trustees that had been proposed in the petition.
Operations were commenced as soon as the means could be pro-
vided, and before enough had been raised to complete the academic
building first erected. The resources of the country were feeble,
1 Now town of Kirkland, Oneida county.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
179
the settlements new, and many of the settlers were poor. In 1795
the place was visited by a committee of the Regents, consisting of
Andrew King and John McDonald, and on the 3d of November,
1795, they reported the Academy as in the following condition.
They said:
"That there is a frame of an edifice designed for an Academy
erected about a year ago, and it is partly inclosed. It is situated a
mile and a half from the flourishing village of Clinton, on the Oris-
kany mountain. It appears difficult of access, and too distant from
families where students might be accommodated with lodging and
board. The frame is eighty-eight feet long, forty-two feet wide and
three stories high; has cost the Trustees £1,000, and by estimation
will require for its completion upwards of £2,000 more. The
Trustees have been compelled to interrupt the work for want of
money.
That there is a small school-room at the foot of the mountain,
half a mile from the.Academy, in which scholars have been formerly
taught, but no teachers have been employed, nor schools kept by the
Trustees since September, 1794.
That the Trustees have not yet framed a system for the Educa-
tion and Government of the Institution, nor established rates of
tuition. Board may be obtained in the village of Clinton at eight
shillings per week.
That the funds of the institution consist of 425 acres of land in
the neighborhood of the Academy, chiefly uncultivated, and of $400
on a subscription not collected. An incumbrance of $1,000 has been
laid on the lands by the Trustees, for the purpose of enabling them
to raise the frame of the Academy.
That your committee from the present state of the institution
judged it inexpedient to employ any part of the donation appropri-
ated to it by the Board in the purchase of Books or Apparatus,
Mathematical or Philosophical, during the present year.
Your committee further beg leave to remark the necessity of
strict attention to the accommodations which applicants possess, be-
fore they receive an act of incorporation. The impoverished and
languishing state of the Academies, in general, which they visit,
compel them to make this observation.
November 3, 1795.
ANDREW KING.
J. McDONALD.”
The Trustees, after encountering many difficulties, were able to
report on the 31st of December, 1799, that they had completed so
much of their building as was sufficient for the accommodation of a
large school, and that they had procured the services of Mr. John
Niles,' from Greenfield Academy, Mass., as an instructor. He had
¹ Graduated from Yale College in 1797; entered upon his duties here in 1798;
withdrew in 1801. Became a minister and settled in Bath, Steuben county,
where he engaged also in teaching. He died in 1812.
180
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
brought with him a letter of ample recommendation from President
Dwight of Yale College, and had opened a school on the 26th of
that month. There were nearly twenty scholars already admitted,
and the number was increasing daily.
On the 27th of February, 1800, the Trustees described their house
as covered and painted, and that five rooms were finished. It had
cost about $5,000, for $2,000 of which they were indebted. It would
require $3,000 to complete the unfinished rooms and erect the
chimneys, which were not yet built. Their property consisted of
two tracts of uncultivated land, worth about $600, but still unpro-
ductive. This did not include the Academy and seventeen acres of
land adjoining, which was improved and fertile.
The following letter from Thomas R. Gold to James Cochran,¹
dated January 29, 1800, has interest in this connection :
1
" SIR
In answer to the inquiry relative to the present state and
condition of Hamilton-Oneida Academy, I have to communicate:
That however unfavorable the condition of the Academy was on the
last visit of the committee of the Regents, yet at this time the
friends of Literature witness with pleasure the most flattering change
in their prospects of this Academy. This change commenced about
fifteen months ago.
This institution is mostly finished, several rooms being completed
and occupied. About fifty students are taught the Greek, Latin
and English Languages, under the direction of Messrs. Niles and
Murdock, two able instructors, who came highly recommended by
President Dwight. As one of the Trustees of this Academy, per-
mit me to solicit, on behalf of this institution, a visit from the Re-
gents."
The reports from year to year show increased attendance and
brightening hopes, and on the 18th of March, 1805, the Trustees
applied for incorporation as a College by the following petition :
"To the Regents of the University of the State of New York:
The petition of the Trustees of the Hamilton-Oneida Academy
humbly sheweth:
That they received with great satisfaction the sentiments of His
Excellency the Governor, upon the subject of Literature in his late
official address. To these enlightened and patriotic sentiments, we
have no doubt your Honorable Body, who are the immediate guard-
¹ Mr. Cochran had a short time before this been a member of Congress. He was
not one of the Board of Regents, but had been requested to inquire into the con-
dition of some Academies that were convenient for him to visit.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
181
ians of Literature, cordially assent. Encouraged by these favorable
auspices, we beg leave to represent that a grant of a charter invest-
ing Hamilton-Oneida Academy with the privileges of a College,
would greatly conduce to the promotion of science, morality and vir
tue in this Western country.
By great and persevering exertions a building has been erected,
which will be amply sufficient for the accommodation of one hun-
dred students. It is situated on an eminence, possessing the advan-
tages of a pure and healthful air, and an extensive and pleasant rural
prospect; in the midst of a moral, frugal and industrious people,
contiguous to the Great Western Turnpike, and in the vicinity of
several large and flourishing villages, where the business and wealth
of the country will center. A single view of a map will show that
its local situation is singularly and almost exclusively advantageous.
To the North, to the South, and to the West, we have a wide spread-
ing country, already settled, and increasing with unexampled rapid-
ity in population and wealth.
Should it be thought that a more Western situation would be
more preferable, a little consideration, it is believed, will convince
your Honorable Body of the inexpediency of such a measure. For
although the country from East to West is extensive, yet from
North to South it is greatly contracted, being pressed by the Alle-
gheny Mountains on the one hand and by Lake Ontario on the
other. And as we advance to the Westward for their accommoda-
tion, we recede from the people adjacent to Black River, who are
equally entitled to your patronage and encouragement. A position
more central, more advantageous, and which shall render the means.
of knowledge accessible to a larger body of the good people of this
State is conceived, cannot be chosen. The above petition is humbly
submitted to your candid consideration, and your petitioners, as in
duty bound, will ever pray.
THOMAS HART,
President of the Board of Trustees.
This application being denied from want of means to justify a
collegiate charter, the subject rested until 1811, when the following
petition was addressed to the Regents:
“To the Honorable Regents of the University of the State of New
York:
The Trustees of Hamilton-Oneida Academy beg leave to represent
that they are strongly impressed with the belief that your Honor-
able Body would greatly promote the interests of Literature by in-
vesting said Academy with the privileges of a College; in support
of this opinion, we take the liberty to make the following statement
of facts:
The Academy is situated in a healthy part of the country, among
a sober, discreet and well-educated people, contiguous to a number
182
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
of flourishing villages, and very near the local center of the State.
At the same time it is too remote from the Colleges already incor-
porated, to interfere with their interests or check their prosperity.
The advantages resulting from the establishment of this Academy
cannot be unknown to the guardians of the literature of the State.
Founded in a country recently settled, and when the greatest in-
dustry and economy were necessary to render the wilderness a com-
modious residence for civilized man, it acquired strength and vigor
from the spirit, liberality and enterprise of the neighboring inhab-
itants, and soon assumed a respectable station among the Academies
of the State. From the beginning it was the determination of the
Trustees faithfully to execute the intention of the institution. They
therefore resolved that no person should be admitted to this Semi-
nary who was unable to read with readiness, or to write a fair legible
hand. Applicants deficient in these particulars were invariably ex-
cluded, both by the regulations and by the actual practice of the
Academy. If the Honorable Regents should recur to our annual
report, which we have endeavored to make with the most conscien-
tious fidelity, they will find that no similar institution in the State
has been favored with a greater number of students in classical
literature, and that we have not deprived the common schools in the
neighborhood of their proper employment.
Your petitioners also beg leave to state that this institution is the
first establishment of the kind in the Western District.
Under these circumstances your. petitioners most respectfully pre-
sent their claim to your Honorable Body for a charter, investing the
Academy with the privileges of a College, and they cannot persuade
themselves that their petition will be disregarded.
Should the prayer of your petitioners be granted, they feel the
greatest confidence, that the liberality of the same people who under
circumstances of comparative want and embarrassment established
and fostered the infant Academy, would not now suffer a collegiate
institution to languish. Their inquiries with reference to this sub-
ject authorize them to assure the Honorable Regents that a fund of
at least $15,000 might be easily procured.
By order of the Board of Trustees,
JOEL BRISTOL, President.
SEWALL HOPKINS, Clerk.
At the same session and at about the same time, Kingston Acad-
emy renewed the application made by it long before, for incorpora-
tion as a College, and both applications were referred to the same
Committee. They reported that, in their opinion, no College ought
to be started with a fund less than $50,000 in amount, which neither
of the applicants possessed. But aside from this, and upon the
theory that this sum could be raised, there were questions of expe-
diency and the general welfare of literature that should be duly con-
sidered. Perhaps another College might properly be founded in
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
183
the Western District, at no distant day, and when this should be
done every question having reference to location should be carefully
considered. With respect to the Middle District, the want was not
so apparent, but if decided upon Kingston would be the preferable
place. Upon the 11th of March, 1811, both petitions were denied,
and the friends of Hamilton-Oneida Academy were delayed for the
time, but not without hopes of better success at no distant day.'
In January, 1812, printed petitions were circulated, addressed to
the Regents, and of the following form:
"The Memorial and Petition of
Respectfully Sheweth
That if, to accommodate the citizens of the Eastern and Southern
Districts, a College has been founded and organized in each of those
great divisions of the State, no good reason can be assigned why the
Western District, which exceeds them in population and extent,
should not be invested with a similar privilege.
That the time has arrived when, in the opinion of your petitioners,
the interests of the public require the incorporation of a College in
the county of Oneida. In support of this opinion your petitioners
beg leave to state that by examining the relative position and circum-
stances of the several counties in the Western District, and by ad-
verting to the course of trade and the route of communication
between the remote parts of this State, it would appear that no
county westward of Albany and equally central, combines the advan-
tages of extensive business, of concentrated population and of ex-
peditious communication with the extreme sections of the district in
an equal degree with the county of Oneida.
Your petitioners further represent to your Honorable Board that
in regard to the actual site of the contemplated College, Hamilton-
Oneida Academy in the village of Clinton presents, in their opinion,
stronger claims for an act of incorporation than can be offered by
any other situation in the country, because should it be proposed to
establish a College elsewhere, a violent competition would inevitably
arise between the several villages whose situation might be thought
adapted to the conveniences and wants of such an institution, be-
cause that Academy is the oldest Seminary of learning in the West-
1 The academic report of 1811, the last one they had occasion to make, showed
an attendance of 150, of whom 5 were in Reading and Writing, 76 in English
Grammar, 30 in Mathematics, 30 in the Dead Languages, 25 in Logic, Rhetoric and
Composition, and 2 in Moral Philosophy. Value of lot and building, $11,525, of
other real estate, $2,357, of personal estate, $850, and of Apparatus and Library,
$447. Tuitions, $740, being from $8 to $12 per annum to each student. Principal
Seth Norton with salary of $650, and Eli Eddy, A. B., as assistant, with $240,
Library about 200 volumes, Apparatus, barometer, thermometer, terrestrial globe,
mirrors, surveyor's instruments, etc. Average price of board for 44 weeks, $55.
The academic seal was a circular disc one inch broad with the letters H. O. A. of
large size upon the face.
184
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ern District, and because in it, both Classical and Mathematical liter-
ature have been as extensively cultivated, as in any similar institution
in the State.
Your petitioners, therefore, respectfully pray the Regents of the
University to invest Hamilton Oneida Academy with collegiate
powers and privileges, and from the great liberality of the inhabit-
ants living in its vicinity, and from the strong interest extensively
created in its behalf, no apprehension can reasonably be indulged
that the institution will be suffered to languish for want of adequate
support. If the proximity of Union College be adjudged as an ob-
jection to the prayer of your petitioners, they respectfully reply that
a complete refutation of the objection may be found in the fact that
several of the American Colleges have a still greater proximity to
each other, and are nevertheless in flourishing circumstances.
If this application shall be favorably received, your petitioners
further request that in the charter of incorporation, the following
persons may be appointed as the first Trustees of the proposed Col-
lege, viz. Henry Huntington, George Brayton, Morris S. Miller,
James S. Kip, James Carnahan, Rev. James Eells, Rev. Derick
Lansing, Rev. Asahel S. Norton, Jedediah Sanger, Joseph Kirk-
land, Thomas R. Gold, John H. Lothrop, Jonas Platt, Joel Bristol,
Ephraim Hart, Henry McNeil, William Hotchkiss, Peter Smith,
Obadiah German, Aruna Metcalf, Jasper Hopper, Simeon Ford and
Walter Fish. And your petitioners as in duty bound will ever
pray," etc.
Some opposition arose to this measure by those interested in the
advancement of Fairfield Academy to a College, and Oneida Castle
was mentioned by others as a preferable site. Efforts were at the
same time being renewed at Kingston, but these did not prevent
favorable action upon the application from Hamilton Oneida Acad-
emy. Resolutions to this effect were passed on the 10th of March,
1812, upon condition that funds should be raised, which should,
with those on hand, amount to $50,000.
This condition being met by valid subscription, the draft of a
charter prepared by Chief Justice Kent, was reported May 26, and
ordered to be issued.' Its yearly income was limited to $13,333.
The persons proposed in the foregoing memorial were appointed
1 By an act passed June 19, 1812 (chap. 237), entitled "An act for the endow-
ment of Hamilton College, and for other purposes," bonds to the amount of $50,-
000, given for lands sold in the late Oneida Reservation, were to be assigned to the
Trustees, but were not to be collected within ten years if the interest was paid.
In the Lottery act of 1814, by which Union College was liberally endowed, it
was provided that $40,000 should be paid to this College. The sum of $10,000
being a part of this sum was granted in anticipation of this money, March 18,
1817 (chap. 91).
HISTORY OF IlAMILTON COLLEGE.
185
first Trustees, with power to fill vacancies that might occur in their
number, and the powers, privileges and duties of the Board were
defined in detail. The President of the College was to hold his
office during good behavior, but all other officers at the will of the
Trustees. The College might confer such degrees as were usually
granted by any College or University in Europe.
The financial agent employed in getting subscriptions was the
Rev. Caleb Alexander, long the successful Principal of Fairfield
Academy, and the benefactors of the College were widely scattered
throughout the then settled part of the State. Stephen Van Rens-
selaer, of Albany, gave $1,000, the largest item, and Gov. Tomp-
kins gave $500.
There appears to have been an intention of making this a seat of
medical as well as classical education; for in the recommendations.
of the first committee on College officers, besides a Professor of
Chemistry and Mineralogy, there was proposed to be one of Surgery
and Anatomy; one of the Institutes of Medicine and one of Ob-
stetrics.'¹
2
In a publication which we have often had occasion to quote in
this work, the following summary of the history of this College is
given:
3
"Hamilton College has had eight Presidents, all men of various
learning, of intellectual strength and Christian integrity, and all or-
dained Ministers of the gospel by Presbyterian or Congregational
bodies. Five of them were graduates from Yale College, one from
Glasgow University, one from Dartmouth, and one from Amherst.
The first President of the College, Rev. Dr. AZEL BACKUS (Yale,
1788), had won high distinction as a preacher and classical teacher
in Bethlehem, Connecticut. He loved his pupils and treated them
with paternal tenderness. In the class-room he was independent of
the text-book, and used the resources of his own mind. His great-
est power, however, was revealed in the pulpit. His address at the
funeral of the Sachem Skenandoa, in the old white meeting-house of
Clinton, was full of genuine pathos. Dr. Backus died suddenly in
¹ Dr. Westel Willoughby was appointed to this professorship but did not ac-
cept. He was connected with the Fairfield Medical College through nearly the
whole period of its existence. In 1843, Dr. Hastings was appointed Lecturer
on Anatomy and Physiology, which was the nearest approach ever made by
Hamilton College to a School of Medicine.
2 Public Service of New York (1882), III, p. 261.
3 The office of President was first offered to the Rev. Caleb Alexander, who,
on the 22d of July, 1812, declined.
24
186
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
December, 1816, aged fifty-two. A volume of his sermons, with a
brief sketch of his life, was published in 1824. Twenty-five grad-
uates, in three classes, received diplomas signed by President Backus.
Fourteen graduates of the class of 1817, received diplomas signed by
Professor Seth Norton.
In 1817 Rev. Dr. HENRY DAVIS (Yale, 1796), then President of
Middlebury College, was elected to succeed President Backus. At
the same time he received and declined an election to the Presidency
of Yale College, to succeed Dr. Timothy Dwight. Dr. Davis was
inaugurated as the second President in the fall of 1817. This ad-
ministration covered a period of sixteen years. They were years of
mingled sunshine and disaster, closing with full classes in 1833.'
¹ The reader will find in a publication of 151 pages, issued in 1833, and entitled
"A Narrative of the Embarrassments and Decline of Hamilton College By
Henry Davis, D. D., President," a full statement of his view of the questions in-
volved in the troubles of his period of Presidency.
A Report was made by the Regents to the Assembly April 1, 1830 (Assem. Doc.
373, 1830), containing an elaborate statement of the financial affairs of the Col-
lege, from 1813 to 1829. A summary of receipts and payments up to January,
1829, shows the following aggregates :
Receipts.
From State Mortgages.
66
""
Subscriptions.
Tuitions, etc.
..
Miscellaneous sources..
Subscriptions to Bank Stock and Lottery.
Lands sold
Profits received on moneys loaned out by Treasurer.
Total...
For Buildings..
66
Repairs..
College Ground..
"Lands purchased.
•
"Chemical Apparatus..
Payments.
•
$55,837 57
23,758 34
35,085 35
2,230 46
71,153 43
2,114 29
2,639 75
$192,909 19
$70,639 02
3,089 90.
2,834 18
1,248 09
900 00
•
Philosophical Apparatus.
2,203 50
"Library.
3,093 08
"Salaries...
69,658 89
"Miscellaneous expenses
21,940 30
"Orders of Prudential Committee..
9,066 05
"Services of Caleb Alexander (1813, 1814, 1815, 1817, 1819).
7,170 71
Total...
$191,843 72
Balance in the hands of Treasurer.
$1,065 37
i
President Davis resigned August 22, 1832, but was requested by the Trustees to
continue his relations with the College until a successor could be inducted into
office.
#
HISTORY OF IIAMILTON COLLEGE.
187
Two hundred and fifty-five graduates received diplomas with his
signature. He died in 1852, aged eighty-two, having lived nineteen
years in retirement and constant ill health. The third President,
Rev. Dr. SERENO EDWARDS DWIGHT (Yale, 1803), was elected in the
fall of 1833, and resigned in 1835; after giving diplomas to thirty-
three graduates in two classes. Like his pre-eminent father, Tim-
othy Dwight, the third President was a finished scholar and a
brilliant preacher. Perhaps the most important question he was
called to deal with was that of removing the College to Utica He
enlisted with the advocates of removal, and the final decision that
the College must remain where its founder had placed it, may have
had something to do with his early resignation. President Dwight
died in 1850, aged sixty-seven, after many years of bodily suffering.
The fourth President, Rev. Dr. JOSEPH PENNEY (Glasgow, 1813),
was elected in 1835. He had been remarkably successful as a
teacher at Flushing, Long Island, and as a pastor at Rochester, New
York, and at Northampton, Massachusetts. His large knowledge
in every branch of science and literature made him a pleasant com-
panion and a valuable instructor. He resigned in the winter of
1839, after giving diplomas to forty four graduates in three classes.
His last years were spent in Rochester, where he died in 1860.
The fifth President, Dr. SIMEON NORTHI (Yale, 1825), was pro-
moted from the chair of Ancient Languages, which he had filled for
ten years. During his long administration of eighteen years de-
cided advances were made in all that contributes to the substantial
worth, vitality and usefulness of a College. President North re-
signed in 1857, after conferring diplomas upon five hundred and
fifty-six graduates in nineteen classes.¹
The sixth President, Rev. Dr. SAMUEL WARE FISHER (Yale,
1835), took charge of the institution in 1858. With restless energy
and enthusiasm, President Fisher devoted himself to bringing the
College into closer sympathy with the community, and thus increas-
ing its patronage and ineans of usefulness. He introduced the study
of the Bible as a part of the regular curriculum.
His addresses before religious bodies were frequent and impres-
sive. After conferring degrees upon two hundred and twenty-
six graduates in eight classes, President Fisher resigned his office in
July, 1866, to accept a call to the pastorate of Westminster Church
in Utica. He resigned his pastorate in January, 1871, and died in
Cincinnati, Ohio, January 18, 1874.
The seventh President, Rev. Dr. SAMUEL GILMAN BROWN (Dart-
mouth, 1831), was called in 1866 from Dartmouth College, which he
¹ President North died on College Hill, Clinton, February 9, 1884, and is buried
in the College Cemetery.
A volume entitled Memorial of Rev. Simeon North, D. D., LL. D., Fifth
President of Hamilton College" (pp. 112), was issued a few months afterward,
containing several steel engravings and a large amount of historical information
concerning the College.
188
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
had faithfully served for twenty-seven years; first, in the Chair of
Oratory and Belles-Lettres, and next in that of Metaphysics and Polit-
ical Economy. He entered upon the President's duties in the
spring of 1867. As a teacher, President Brown held the highest
rank. IIis sermons were models of vigorous and polished thinking
and writing. His "Life of Rufus Choate" was favorably received
on both sides of the Atlantic. He resigned in 1881, and was suc-
ceeded by the present incumbent, Rev. HENRY DARLING, D. D.,
LL. D.
The history of the different departments of instruction shows that
they also have been filled by men eminently skilled in their depart-
ments. In the department of classical learning, the College has
had the services of such men as SETH NORTON, EDWARD ROBINSON,
JOHN MONTEITH, SIMEON NORTH, JOHN FINLEY SMITH and EDWARD
NORTH.
In the Maynard Chair of History, Law and Political Economy, it
has had JOHN H. LATHROP, THEODORE W. DWIGHT, ELLICOTT
EVANS and FRANCIS M. BURDICK. In Mathematics, it has had THEO-
DORE STRONG, MARCUS CATLIN and OREN ROOT, father and son.
CHRISTIAN HENRY FREDERICK PETERS has made its department of
Astronomy fainous. In the department of Rhetoric and Oratory
we find the names of JOHN WAŸLAND, a brother of President Way-
land, HENRY MANDEVILLE, ANSON J. UPSON and HENRY A. FRINK.
And finally, we find in the department of Intellectual and Moral
Philosophy, besides the Presidents who have given instruction in
those branches, the names of the distinguished metaphysicians, JoHN
W. MEARS and EDWARD J. HAMILTON.
Hamilton College was not cradled in abundance and luxury. It
began its checkered existence with $100,000, half of which was
given by the State, and the other half was collected from subscri-
bers. The College has been the recipient of a long line of generous
benefactions, of which the following may be mentioned: In 1832,
Hon. Wм. H. MAYNARD bequeathed $20,000, as an endowment for
the Chair of Law and Political Economy; in 1834, a fund of $40,000
was secured by the joint efforts of President DWIGHT and Professor
CHARLES AVERY; in 1836, the State of New York made an annual
appropriation of $3,000, which was cut off by the Constitution of
1846; in 1854-55, Professor AVERY secured, by subscription, $50,000,
in 1854, BENJAMIN S. WALCOTT and WILLIAM D. WALCOTT gave to the
College $30,000; in 1864, subscriptions were obtained in New York
and Brooklyn for the Professorship of the Greek Language and Lit-
erature. In 1865, CHARLES C. KINGSLEY, Dr. J. P. GRAY, P. V.
ROGERS, and other citizens of Utica, N. Y., endowed the Chair of
Rhetoric and Logic; in 1866, the will of SILAS D. CHILDS, of Utica,
established the Chair of Chemistry with an endowment of $30,000,
and the later will of Mrs. CHILDS brought the College $60,000 more
for the same purpose; in 1867, the Observatory and Chair of As-
tronomy were endowed with a fund of $30,000, by EDWIN C. LITCH-
FIELD, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; in the same year Jonn C. BALDWIN be-
HISTORY OF IIAMILTON COLLEGE.
189
queathed $40,000 to the College; in 1868, the Chair of Latin was
endowed by a bequest of $20,000 from SIMEON BENJAMIN, of El-
mira; in 1872, SAMUEL F. PRATT died in Buffalo, and bequeathed
$30,000 to the College; Hon. GERRIT SMITH sent two donations,
each of $10,000, to be used at the discretion of the Trustees, and
Hon. JAMES KNOX, of Knoxville, Ill., gave $10,000 for the im-
provement of the Hall of Natural History;' in 1874, Hon. JOHN H.
HUNGERFORD gave $15,000, to be expended on the College build-
ings. In 1878, Mrs. VALERIA G. STONE, of Malden, Mass., gave
$30,000 to endow the Chair of Natural History. Among other
donations may be mentioned the Noyes Law Library, valued at
$50,000, and donated by IIon. W. C. NOYES; $25,000 donated by
the Western Alumni, prize foundations, scholarships, etc. Im-
portant additions to the funds of the College were made during
the year 1881-82.
The financial exhibit of the College for 1881 was:
Permanent Funds.
The Maynard and Knox Fund....
The Walcott Fund..
The Litchfield Fund.
The Silas D. Childs Fund
The Bates and Benjamin Fund...
The Alumni Fund..
The W. H. Skinner Fund.
The Stone Professorship Fund.
The Roxana Childs Fund
The Knox Hall Fund
•
·
The S. A. Munson College Cemetery Fund...
The C. C. Kellogg Prize Fund.
The Charles McKinney Prize Fund.
The S. D. Hungerford Scholarship Fund.
The Undistributed Fund of 1859.
The Samuel L. Pratt Fund....
Total...
$28, 300 00
30,000 00
28, 538 56
24, 300 00
19, 663 00
17,850 00
9, 781 00
30, 000 00
15,000 00
10, 000 00
1,000 00
700 00
2,200 00
1,000 00
21, 200 00
30, 000 00
$269, 532 56
¹ The new building contains two spacious exhibiting rooms and a large lecture-
room, with convenient store and working rooms.
The Geological and Mineral cabinets and collections in Natural History include
about 15,000 specimens of minerals and fossils, and extensive series of birds, in-
sects and plants, the latter including the herbarium of the late Dr. H. P. Sartwell,
of Penn Yan, in sixty-two volumes, presented by the late Hamilton White, of
Syracuse. The Entomological collections, presented by Hon. Thomas Barlow, of
Canastota, are very valuable.
190
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Debts of the College are
Bonds outstanding.
Notes outstanding..
$28, 700 00
16, 100 00
$44,800 00
The course of study pursued in the College occupies four years,
and leads to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Students in each
class are required to attend four exercises each week-day, includ-
ing morning prayers. Biblical exercises are held each Monday
morning, and rhetorical exercises twice a week in the chapel. In
most of the studies recitations are made from approved text-
books, with familiar explanations, criticisms and occasional lec-
tures by the instructors. In addition to the special contests for
prizes, four regular examinations are held in the studies each
year; one at the close of each term, and one for the Senior class
during the first week in June.
The College grounds contain about forty acres of land, orna-
mented with trees, shrubs and flowers, and made accessible in
every part by graveled walks and drives.' The principal College
buildings are as follows:
or
1. Three stone buildings, each four stories high and forty-nine
feet wide by ninety-eight feet long, for study, lodging and recita-
tion-rooms. The buildings are called "Hungerford Hall"
"South College ;" "Kirkland Hall" or "Middle College," and
"Skinner Hall" or "North College." Through the generosity of
WM. II. SKINNER, Esq., of Vernon Centre, repairs have been made in
North College even more extensive than those for which South Col-
lege is indebted to the late Hon. JOHN N. HUNGERFORD, of Corning.
The west wall of North College has been entirely rebuilt, and the
other walls have been thoroughly strengthened with iron anchors.
The new cornice, chimney-tops and windows, with the removal of
the old battlements, greatly improve the building externally. The
greatest improvement is in the interior. All the wood work and
plaster were removed, and the whole finished in the Queen Anne
style. The middle rooms are provided with adequate ventilation.
Each suite consists of sitting-room, bed-room, coal-room and closet.
The coal-rooms are all arranged so that they can be filled from the
¹The College catalogues of Hamilton give a list of over thirty species of conif-
erous trees growing in the " Gridley Pinetum," planted by the late Rev. Dr.
A. D. Gridley. The purpose is expressed of adding to the plantations. Within
a few years the campus has been invested with new interest by the planting
of memorial trees by the successive graduating classes, and the erection of
Memorial Stones, Sun-dials, Classic Vases and garden seats. The Curators of the
College grounds are: President Henry Darling, Professor Edward North and
William S. Bartlett, Esq.
1
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
191
halls. There are vestibules at each entrance, and new staircases
from bottom to top. There are two new recitation-rooms on the
first floor, and two section rooms. WM. H. SKINNER HALL, as it is
hereafter to be known, has become one of the most pleasant and at-
tractive buildings on the campus. IIungerford Hall has undergone
a thorough repair, is modernized within and without, and has been
in use since September, 1874. It is now known as "IIungerford
Hall," in honor of Hon. JOHN N. HUNGERFORD, of Corning, who
gave to the College $15,000, to be expended in making these im-
provements.
2. A stone Chapel, three stories high and fifty-one feet wide by
eighty-one feet long, with lecture and recitation-rooms.
3. A Boarding-house.
4. A hall for collections of Mineralogy, Geology and Natural IIis-
tory.
5. A Gymnasium.
6. A Chemical Laboratory. This building a few years since was
entirely remodeled and renovated, and furnished with a large amount
of new and valuable fixtures and apparatus, under the direction of
Professor E. W. RooT, then Childs-Professor of Agricultural Chem-
istry, and since that time it has been further improved by Professor
ALBERT H. CHESTER, the present incumbent.
7. The Astronomical Observatory. This building has been thor-
oughly repaired in every part, and in several respects much im-
proved. Recently an addition has been made to the observatory,
containing working-rooms and two revolving towers, in which new
instruments have been mounted, and, among others, the excellent
and well-tried instruments belonging to the United States govern-
ment, which were used by Dr. Peters on the expedition to New
Zealand in 1874 to observe the transit of Venus, and which the
government has courteously permitted Dr. Peters temporarily to
retain and use.
8. A Library Hall, which is completed and in use. The alumni
and friends of the College in the West have mainly furnished the
funds for this building. It has cost $50,000, and after the name of
one of the principal donors, is called the "Perry H. Smith Library
Hall." The dormitories have been repaired recently, and all the
buildings are in excellent condition.
Litchfield Observatory.
The Astronomical Professorship and Observatory of Hamilton
College have been liberally endowed by the Hon. EDWIN C. LITCH-
FIELD, LL. D., of Brooklyn."
¹ The Observatory consists of a central building with wings on each side. The
central part is 27 feet square, and two stories high, with a revolving tower
1
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
192
•
The Memorial Hall and Art Gallery is an attractive place for
visitors, who find here many choice works of art and objects of
historical interest. The portrait bust in marble of Mr. EDWIN C.
LITCHFIELD was one of the last efforts of HIRAM POWERS. DANIEL
IIUNTINGTON'S Portraits of Dr. EDWARD ROBINSON, Hon. S. NEWTON
DEXTER, Professor CHARLES AVERY and Professor EDWARD NORTH
are in company with portraits of President BACKUS, President NORTII
and Professor CATLIN, by ALONZO PEASE; F. R. SPENCER's portraits
of WASHINGTON IRVING, Chancellor JAMES KENT and Ilon. JOSHUA
A. SPENCER; CHARLES L. ELLIOT's portraits of President DAVIS and
Trustee WILLIAM D. WOLCOTT; E. F. ANDREWS' portrait of Hon.
JOHN J. KNOX, and many others. The College and society libraries,
amounting to 12,000 volumes, are accessible to students. A few
gentlemen in the city of New York, a few years since, presented to
the College the private library of the late EDWARD ROBINSON, D. D.,
LL. D., of Union Theological Seminary. It consists of 1,420 vol-
umes and about 100 valuable maps, and furnishes rare facilities for
the study of Biblical exegesis and Scriptural geography.
Hon. WILLIAM CURTIS NOYES, LL. D., a native of Oneida county,
20 feet in diameter. The great equatorial, made by Spencer and Eaton, has an
object glass of 13.5 inches in diameter, and focal length of nearly 16 feet. It is
provided with six positive and six negative eye-pieces, with a ring and filar mi-
crometer. For solar observations it has a prismatic polarizing eye-piece of origi-
nal construction by Mr. Robert B. Tolles, of Boston. The declination circle of 24
inches, by means of four verniers, reads to four seconds of arc; the hour circle of
14 inches, by means of two verniers, reads to two seconds of time. The instru-
ment is mounted upon a granite shaft, nine feet in height, resting upon a pier of
solid masonry. The clock-work with Bond's isodynamic escapement and spring
governor, causes the telescope to follow the daily motions of the stars, by acting
upon long arms attached to the equatorial axis. The wings are each 18 feet
square; the east room is used as an office for the Director. In the west room is
mounted a portable Transit instrument, 2 inches aperture, the gift of Hon. Anson
S. Miller, LL. D., of Santa Cruz, Cal., and constructed by W. Wurdeman, of
Washington, D. C. It has a cast-iron folding stand invented by the maker.
The Observatory has an Astronomical clock, by Wm. Bond & Son, of Boston,
presented by the late Hon. Wm. Curtis Noyes, of New York; a Chronograph, the
gift of Michael Moore, of Trenton Falls; a Siderial Chronometer, the gift of Hon.
George Underwood, of Auburn, and other apparatus.
This Observatory has been the basis of several longitudes in the State, deter-
mined under the auspices of the Regents at Buffalo, Syracuse, Elmira, Ogdens-
burg, and the Western line of the State.
The zone star observations taken here number 87,982, and twenty of the Celes-
tial charts, for which the zone stars form the skeleton, have been published at
private expense within the last year, and distributed gratuitously to other Obser-
vatories, learned societies and individuals in return for favors received.
•
The Litchfield Observatory has through the special labors of its Director, Pro-
fessor C. H. F. Peters, Ph. D., become widely celebrated for the discovery of
Asteroids, forty-two of which were first discovered here, between May, 1861, and
August, 1883.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
193
and an honorary alumnus of the College, after a life of eminent ser-
vice, professional and political, bequeathed to Hamilton College his
law library. The collection numbers about 5,000 volumes. The
books had been collected during a practice of over twenty five years,
at a cost of not less than $60,000. The Noyes library is at all times
accessible to members of the bar. Valuable additions were made to
the library, in the Department of Metaphysics, by Professor MEARS,
whose friends contributed $492 for this purpose, of which sum
GEORGE W. CHILDS, Esq., of the "Philadelphia Ledger," contributed
$100.
In honor of the prizes awarded Mr. JULIEN M. ELLIOT, '76, and
Mr. FRANK F. LAIRD, '77, at the Inter-Collegiate Contest in Oratory,
held in the Academy of Music, New York, January 4, 1876,. and
January 3, 1877, $1,500 were presented to the College by the Rev.
PETER LOCKWOOD, the Hon. SAMUEL D. HAND, M. D., and the Hon.
CHARLES MCKINNEY for the purchase of recent books in polite
literature. These books were selected with special reference to the
work of the Rhetorical Department, and are called the "Rhetorical
Library." The students have provided for its annual increase, and
the late Messrs. LOCKWOOD and MCKINNEY while living made a
valuable addition in annotated editions of English classics for the
especial use of classes in English literature.
The Prizes founded in the College are as follows:
1. A fund of $1,500, founded by the late Hon. CHARLES MCKIN-
NEY, of Binghamton, furnishes two prizes for the members of the
Senior Class who excel in Extemporaneous Speaking.
2. A fund of $700, founded by CHARLES C. KELLOGG, A. M.,
Utica, furnishes a prize for any student of the Senior Class, except
the successful competitors for the Clark Prize, the Pruyn Medal,
the Head Prize and the Kirkland Prize, who shall excel in the com-
position and delivery of his Commencement Oration.
3. A fund of $500, founded by the late AARON CLARK, of New
York, furnishes a prize for the Senior who excels in Original
Oratory.
4. A fund of $500, founded by the late Hon. J. V. L. PRUYN,
Chancellor of the University of the State of New York, furnishes a
Gold Medal for any student of the Senior Class, except the success-
ful competitors for the Head Prize and the Kirkland Prize, who shall
write the best oration on the Political Duties of Educated Young
Men.
5. A fund of $500, founded by Hon. FRANKLIN H. HEAD, A. M.,
of Chicago, Ill., furnishes a prize for any student of the Senior Class,
except the successful competitors for the Pruyn Medal and the
Kirkland Prize, who shall write the best oration on Alexander Ham-
ilton.
6. A fund of $500, bequeathed by the late Mrs. ABIGAIL R. KIRK-
LAND, of Clinton, furnishes a prize for any member of the Senior
Class, except the successful competitors for the Head Prize and Pruyn
Medal, who shall write the best oration on Biblical Science.
25
194
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
7. A fund of $500, founded by the late Hon. GEORGE UNDER-
WOOD, of Auburn, furnishes two prizes for Seniors who excel in
Chemistry.
8. A fund given by Mrs. C. C. MUNSON, of Utica, furnishes $100
for two prizes to Seniors who excel in German, and $100 for two
prizes to Juniors who excel in French.
9. A fund of $700, founded by the late Hon. CHARLES MCKIN-
NEY, of Binghamton, furnishes two prizes, in the form of valuable
books, for the two students in each of the three lower classes who
excel in Elocution. Valuable prizes will also be given to the two
in each class who excel in English Composition.
10. A fund of $700, founded by relatives of the late Colonel
HENRY H. CURRAN, of Utica, furnishes a Gold Medal and a Silver
Medal for members of the Junior Class who excel in Classical
Studies.
11. A fund of $500, founded by MARTIN HAWLEY, A. M., of Bal-
timore, Md., furnishes four Silver Medals for members of the Junior
Class who excel in Classical Studies.
12. A fund of $500, founded by the late Rev. TERTIUS D. SOUTH-
WORTH, of Bridgewater, furnishes two prizes for members of the
Junior Class who excel in Natural Philosophy.
13. A fund of $700, founded by HAMILTON B. TOMPKINS, Esq.,
of New York city, furnishes two prizes for members of the Junior
Class who excel in Mathematics."
In July, 1862, this College celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of
its establishment, and the proceedings were published in a volume
that contains a large amount of historical information.'
An Alumni Association has been in existence among the gradu-
ates of this College for many years.
The charter of this College was amended by the Regents, January
14, 1875, so as to allow of the election by ballot of four additional
Trustees, by alumni of at least three years' standing. These were to
be divided into four classes, one of which is elected annually. The
Trustees thus chosen must be alumni of at least ten years' standing.
The quorum of Trustees was at that time fixed at thirteen.
The four Trustees last elected by the graduates are Rev. Dr.
Thomas S. Hastings, New York city, Professor Edward North,
Clinton, Hon. Elihu Root, New York city, and Senator Joseph R.
Hawley, Washington, D. C.
1 "A Memorial of the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the Founding of Hamilton
College, Clinton, N. Y." Utica, 1862, 8vo., pp. 232, with eight portraits.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
195
Law School of Hamilton College.
In 1832 WILLIAM H. MAYNARD, a prominent lawyer of Utica, by his
last will gave $20,000 for the endowment of a Professorship of Law,
and of Civil Polity and of Political Economy in Hamilton College.
The property consisted of unimproved real estate which could not
be immediately sold, and several years elapsed before it became fully
productive. The instruction given under it was at first in the
Undergraduate course, and all students graduating from the College
had an opportunity of instruction in law, as a part of the studies of
the Senior Class.
About 1854 Prof. THEODORE W. WRIGHT, then filling this pro-
fessorship, secured the establishment of a Law School in connection
with his duties. And on the 12th of April, 1855,' the Legislature
provided for the admission of its graduates to the rights of an attor-
ney upon examination by persons appointed by the Supreme Court.
This act continued until 1877 when it was in part repealed."
Number of Graduates from the Law School of Hamilton College.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
1855
7
1867.
1856.
6 1868
22
1876...
1877.
15
19
1857
11
1858.
13
1869..
1870.
2 1878.
21
•
6
1879.
14
1861.
2
1871..
8
1880.
23
1862..
2
1872.
10
1881.
1863..
1864..
1865.
121
1873.
11
1882.
..
1874.
10
1883.
23
...
1875..
15
Total number of Graduates to the year 1883-4, 252.
SUCCESSION OF PRESIDENTS AND FACULTY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
Presidents.
Rev. Azel Backus, S. T. D., 1812-16.
Rev. Henry Davis, S. T. D., 1817-33.
Rev. Sereno Edward Dwight, S. T. D., 1833-
35.
Rev. Joseph Penny, S. T. D., 1835-39.
Rev. Simeon North, LL. D., S. T. D., 1839-
57.
| Rev. Samuel Ware Fisher, S. T. D., LL. D.,
1858-66.
Rev. Samuel Gilman Brown, S. T. D., LL.
D., 1866-81.
Rev. Henry Darling, D. D., LL. D., 1881-
Professors of Chemistry and Mineralogy.
Josiah Noyes, M. D., 1812-30.
Seth Norton, 1812-18.
John Monteith, 1821-28.
| James Hadley, M. D., 1830-34.
Professors of Greek and Latin Languages.
Simeon North, LL. D), S. T. D., 1829-39.
¹ Chap. 310, Laws of 1855.
| John Finley Smith, 1839-43.
Edward North, L. H. D., 1843-62.
"Section 3 repealed June 5 by Chap. 417, Laws of 1877.
196
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professors of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
Theodore Strong, LL. D., 1816-27.
| John Hiram Lathrop, 1828-34.
Professors of Latin Language and Literature.
Eleazer Storrs Barrows, 1816-21.
William Kirkland, 1825-27.
William Neil McHarg, 1862.69.
Abel Grosvenor Hopkins, 1869-
Professor of Greek Language and Literature.
Edward North, L. H. D., 1843-
John Wayland, S. T. D., 1881-34.
Professor of Rhetoric.
Professor of Ethics and Political Economy.
John Hiram Lathrop, 1834-37.
Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
Charles Avery, LL. D., 1834-69.
Marcus Catlin, 1834-49.
Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy.
Professors of Law, Civil Polity and Political Economy.
Ellicott Evans, LL. D., 1860-82.
John Hiram Lathrop, LL. D., 1837-40.
Theodore William Dwight, LL. D., 1846-58. | Francis Marvin Burdick, A. M., 1882.
Professors of Moral Philosophy and Rhetoric.
Henry Mandeville, S. T. D., 1841-49.
James Robert Boyd, S. T. D., 1849-46.
Anson Judd Upson, S. T. D., LL. D., 1849-
53.
Professor of Mathematics, Astronomy, Mineralogy and Geology.
Professors of Logic, Rhetoric and Elocution.
Oren Root, LL. D., 1849.
Anson Judd Upson, S. T. D., LL. D., 1849.
Samuel Darwin Wilcox, 1870-72
Henry Allyn Frink, Ph. D., 1872-
Professors of Ethics and Metaphysics.
William Stanton Curtis, S. T. D., 1855–63. | John William Mears, S. T. D., 1871.
College Pastor.
Rev. Nicholas Westermann Goertner, D. D., 1863-
Professor of Astronomy.
(And Director of Litchfield Observatory.)
Christian Henry Frederick Peters, Ph. D., | Jermain Gildersleve Porter (Assistant), 1875-
1858-
78.
Professors of Agricultural Chemistry.
Edward Walstein Root, 1868-70.
| Albert Huntington Chester, Ph. D., 1870.
(Also Professor of General Chemistry, Mineralogy, Metallurgy and Mining Engineering.)
Chester Huntington, 1870-80.
Professor of Natural Philosophy.
Professor of Natural History.
Ambrose Parsons Kelsey, Ph. D., 1878-
Rev. Oren Root, Jr., A. M., 1880-
Professor of Mathematics.
Professor of the German and French Languages and Philology.
Herman Carl George Brandt, A. M., 1882-
C
Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mathematics.
Robert Gracey Denig (corps of Engineers, U. S. N.), 1883-
Assistant Professor of Ancient and Modern Languages.
George Prentice Bristol, A. B., 1882.
HISTORY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.
197
Besides the foregoing there have been Lectures upon special
subjects not otherwise connected with the Faculty (the first being
Dr. Asa Gray upon Botany in 1834), and first and last over forty
Tutors. The succession of Treasurers has been Erastus Clark, 1812;
Jaines Dan, 1825; Othniel Williams, 1828; Dr. Benjamin Woolsly
Dwight, 1832; Othniel Samuel Williams, 1850, and Publius V.
Rogers (acting), 1880
Number of Graduates from Hamilton College, previous to the
beginning of Report, of Attendance by Classes in 1836.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
1814..
2
1821.
18
1828.
17
1815
6
1822..
15
1829-30
1816.
17 1823.
13
1831.
9
1817
14 1824.
1832.
13
1818
11 1825.
1833.
22
1819..
13 1826.
1834.
26
1820.
14 1827.
1835.
7
Summary of the Occupations upon which the Graduates of Ham-
ilton College entered, as shown by the Catalogue of 1884–5.
Whole number of Alumni..
Deceased......
Whole number of Alumni living.
Graduates of the Maynard Law School..
Clergymen.
Lawyers.
Foreign Missionaries...
Moderators of the Presbyterian General Assembly
Commissioners to the General Assembly of 1884.
Members of Congress. .
State Governors.
State Senators.
Members of State Constitutional Conventions.
Supreme Court Judges.
College Presidents...
Regents of the University of the State of New York..
College Professors and Tutors..
Theological Seminary Professors.
•
State Superintendents of Public Instruction..
Normal School Principals and Professors...
Principals of Academies and High Schools.
Physicians.
Bankers and Brokers.
Editors
Agriculturists.
•
•
2405
585
1820
252
459
673
31
5
19
27
5
20
12
27
12
6
86
16
4
13
99
71
41
67
23
198
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
*
YEARS
ENDING IN
Special.
Freshmen.
Merchants....
Civil Engineers and Architects..
Manufacturers.
44
13
18
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation in Ilamilton College.
Undergraduates.
GRADUATES IN
COURSE.
Sophomore.
Junior.
Senior.
Total.
Post graduates.
A. B.
LL. B.
1836...
1837.
16
44 27
19
106
9
22
46
31
22
121
15
1838...
13
28
31
22
94
20
1839..
23
19
21
19
82
17
1840..
18
35
20
19
92
19
·
1841..
22
30
29
17
98
14
1842..
31
33
26
25
115
23
1843..
19
41
33
20
113
17
1844...
22
27
40
27
116
19
1845..
37
35
26
32
130
28
1846..
37
51
35
25
148
21
1847...
37
64
46
34
181
29
1848..
43
52
58
39
192
36
1849...
30
45
40
51
166
47
1850...
13
39
49
50
151
37
1851...
21
21
42
49
133
40
1852..
27
26
23
41
117
31
1853..
22
35
27
25
109
16
1854..
42
33
25
20
120
18
1855..
42
49
32
20
143
18
7
1856..
27
46
48
26
147
22
7
1857...
15
28
35
36
114
33
11
1858....
22
24
27
80
103
27
12
1859..
40
25
25
24
114
24
1860
41
44
26
25
136
17
•
1861...
57
39
35
22
153
21
1862..
37
58
37
25
157
27
1863..
33
45
53
32 163
29
1864...
40
37
35
38
150
35
1865..
45
41
36
27
149
25
1866..
46
45
40
30
165
34
1867..
45
51
44
34
174
32
1868..
45
50
47
36
178
36
1869....
46
35
46
42 169
40
1870...
42
46
36
36
160
42
1871..
39
42
45
33
159
33
121
322∞∞
17
6
8
8
16
1872...
48
39
37
40
164
45
10
15
1873...
35
44.
34
37
150
2
46
11
7
1874..
34
34.
42
33
143
41
10
12
1875..
...
36
31
34
34
135
49
15
11
1876..
51
41
33
23
148
38
15
11
1877...
41
46
39
28
154
51
19
9
1878..
53
34
43
33
163
51
21
6
1879..
39
38
46
37
160
37
14
11
1880....
48
41
40
2S 157
28
24
11
1881..
61
32
31
31 155
31
1882.
42
64
38
34
178
3
34
11
1883...
3
46
43
64
32
188
3
34
23
19
67
43
40
55
205
5
51
13
1884...
Whole number of graduates to 1884, inclusive, 2,405.
A. M.
HISTORY OF GENEVA COLLEGE (Now HOBART COLLEGE). 199
Present Faculty of Hamilton College.
Rev. Henry Darling, D. D., LL. D., President and Walcott Professor of the Evidences
of Christianity, and Pastor of the College Church, 1881.
Rev. Nicholas Westermann Goertner, D. D., Pastor Emeritus of the College Church, 1863.
Oren Root, LL. D., Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Mineralogy and Geology, 1849.
Christian Henry Frederick Peters, Ph. D., Litchfield Professor of Astronomy and Direc-
tor of the Litchfield Observatory, 1858.
Edward North, L. H. D., Edward Robinson Professor of Greek Language and Litera-
ture, 1813.
Rev. Edward John Hamilton, D. D., Acting Professor of Intellectual Philosophy, 1883.
Ambrose Parsons Kelsey, Ph. D., Stone Professor of Natural History, 1876.
Rev. Oren Root, jr., A. M., Samuel-Fletcher-Platt Professor of Mathematics, 1881.
Albert Huntington Chester, E. M., Ph. D., Childs Professor of Agricultural Chemistry
and Professor of General Chemistry, Mineral Metallurgy and Mining Engineering, 1870.
Rev. Abel Grosvenor Hopkins, A. M., Benjamin-Bates Professor of Latin Language and
Literature, 1869.
Francis Marion Burdick, A. M., Maynard-Knox Professor of Law, History, Civil Polity
and Political Economy. Librarian, 1882.
Rev. Henry Allyn Frink, Ph. D., Kingsley Professor of Logic, Rhetoric and Elocution,
and Professor of English Literature, 1872.
Herman Carl George Brandt, A. M., Professor of German and French Languages and
Philology, 1882.
Robert Gracey Denig, Corps of Engineers, U. S. N., Professor of Mechanical Engineer-
ing and Applied Mathematics, 1883.
George Prentice Bristol, A. B., Assistant Professor of Greek and Philology, 1882.
GENEVA COLLEGE, NOW HOBART COLLEGE.
In tracing the history of this College, we must begin with the ef-
forts made by the Rev. Amos G. Baldwin, who, in 1806, com-
menced missionary labors at Fairfield. IIe had just received deacon's
orders from the hands of Bishop Moore, and held Episcopal ser-
vices occasionally in the Academy, and secured the support of a large
portion of the community. In 1811, he suggested the advantages
of placing the Academy under the patronage of his denomination,
and solicited aid from Trinity Church, upon the following plan:
The Trustees of the Academy authorized him to say that they
would give the Principal $550 per annuin, and allow him to instruct
four Divinity students free of charge. Trinity Church was to give
to the church at Fairfield $250 per annum, and to the clergyman
that might be settled there, $250 as a Theological instructor, and he
might divide $50 per annum among the Divinity students as he
might deem proper.
The plan of establishing a College there was contemplated,' and
if it received the aid expected from Trinity Church its President
was to be an Episcopal clergyman.
"The plan thus warmly advocated by Mr. Baldwin and the Fair-
field Trustees received the favorable notice of the leading members
of the corporation of Trinity Church. The Rector, the Rev. Dr.
Beach, the Hon. Messrs. Robert Troop and Peter Augustus Jay,
¹ See our account of the proposed plan of " Clinton College" at Fairfield.
200
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Thomas L. Ogden, Esq., together with Professor Bowden (of Co-.
lumbia College), and Bishop Hobart, who had succeeded to the
Episcopate of the State, won by the importunity of the earnest and
far-sighted Baldwin, entered heartily into the scheme proposed, and
the grant from Trinity Church, by means of which Fairfield Ácad-
emy was secured to the church, was obtained. Subsequently the
original grant of $500 per annum was increased to $750, so as to
provide for an assistant in the work of instruction, it being a condi-
tion of the gift that eight students shall always receive the whole
course of their classical and literary education, and afterward their
theological instruction free of any charges of tuition.'
The Rev. Bethel Judd became the first Principal under this ar-
rangement, but his removal to Connecticut hindered him from ful-
filling his contract. IIis successors were Rev. Virgil H. Barber,
Samuel Nichols and Rev. Daniel McDonald. The latter had been
Rector of St. Peter's Church, in Auburn, and came in January, 1817.
The subject of Theological Education began about this time to be
actively discussed in Conventions, and this finally led to measures
taken under the auspices of the New Theological Educational So-
ciety, with the approval of Trinity Church, and at the suggestion of
Bishop Hobart, for the establishment of a Branch Theological School
at Geneva, the main institution being located in New York city.
The Vestry of Trinity Church, on the 8th of January, 1821, re-
solved to transfer its patronage from Fairfield to Geneva, and, as a
first step in the execution of this plan, Mr. McDonald became the
Principal of the Geneva Academy.
2
This Academy had been commenced in 1806 and was incorporated
March 29, 1813. It appears to have been well conducted and well
sustained. The transfer of patronage, above noticed, was made con-
tingent to the condition that the inhabitants of the village of Ge-
neva and vicinity should furnish, at their own expense, a suitable
lot of land and building thereon. To effect this purpose a subscrip-
tion was circulated under date of February 15, 1821, in which cer-
tain sums were pledged to the Trustees of the Geneva Academy,
should they transfer their institution to meet this requirement.
The Academy opened April 25, 1821, under Mr. McDonald's
charge, the Rev. Orin Clark, D. D., Rector of Trinity Church,
1
¹ History of Ontario county. Evarts, Ensign & Evarts, 1876, p. 68, and au-
thorities there cited.
2 We have given some further account of this institution under the title of
Geneva Academy."
A subscription paper, for the procuring of a charter for the Academy in 1813,
is given in the publication of Messrs. Evarts & Ensign, cited in a previous note.
HISTORY OF GENEVA COLLEGE (Now IIOBART COLLEGE). 201
6:
:
Geneva, being his associate and on the 11th of June the Branch
Theological School was opened with nine young men in attendance.
In his address to the Convention of the Diocese, in 1821, Bishop
Hobart, after announcing this arrangement, stated that it was not
designed that the "General Theological Seminary" in New York,
and the Branch" at Geneva should be entirely distinct; "but to
afford to those students who, from preference or from circumstances of
peculiar convenience, have pursued their studies in the branch school
at Geneva, an opportunity of completing or revising their course in
the Theological School in the city of New York. By this arrange-
ment they will enjoy the advantages which retirement affords for
diligent application, and for the formation of those serious disposi-
tions and habits which are essential to the ministry, as well as the
benefits resulting from the Theological establishinent in New York,
where the number of the clergy and the congregations of the
churches and the opportunities of more extended social intercourse,
will afford to the candidates for orders peculiar facilities for strength-
ening and refining their minds for obtaining that knowledge of hu-
man nature which is so important and useful, and for improving
themselves in the performance of the various offices of the desk and
the pulpit."
The peculiar advantages of Geneva were pointed out; its pic-
turesque location on the banks of Seneca lake; its proximity to the
line of the Grand Canal, and the prospect that at no distant day a
College would be established there.
Under these auspices the "Interior School of Geneva " went into
operation, with the following professorships:
1. Of the Interpretation of Scripture, of Ecclesiastical History,
and of the Nature, Ministry and Polity of the Church ;
2. Of Biblical Learning; and
3. Of Systematic Divinity and Pastoral Theology.
As soon as the funds of the Theological Education Society would
permit, these professors were to have salaries of at least $800 a year,
and in the meantime, and while engaged in other duties and receiv-
ing other emoluments, their salaries were to be fixed by the Board
of Managers as circumstances might render expedient.
The Rev. Daniel McDonald, D. D., was appointed to the first,
Rev. John Reed to the second, and Rev. Orin Clark to the third of
these professorships.
One of the stone buildings now called "Geneva Hall," was built
by the Trustees of the Academy in 1821-2, and the first report
26
202
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
speaks of an endowment of a professorship by Mr. Sherred, by the
grant of $10,000, and of other gifts to come.
The correspondence that has been preserved of that period' shows
that difficulties were encountered which required energy, patience and
tact to overcome. The attendance in the Academy was small — not
more than eight having attended the first term, besides the theological
students, and the receipts from tuition between June and December
were only $57, leaving a deficit of $270 to be paid by the Trustees,
who were making every effort to complete their building.
Sectarian jealousies intervened, and it was industriously circulated
that this was a theological school. An opposition school was started
in the village, and to meet this, it was proposed to appoint an assist-
ant to keep a day school, and teach reading, spelling, arithmetic and
writing, and adinit quite young scholars.
The necessity of having a College was insisted upon, and the
ways and means for securing the $50,000 endowment needed for
securing a charter were discussed in detail,
An application was accordingly made by the Trustees of the
Academy February 11, 1822. The Methodists were at this time
zealously urging the project of a College at Ithaca, and a little be-
fore this had applied also for a College charter.
2
The question was thus directly presented, of the incorporation
of denominational Colleges, and led to an elaborate report, which we
have elsewhere given in detail. It led to the conclusion that the
Regents ought not to reject an application for a charter on this
account, and that all religious denominations should be treated alike,
whenever their applications were supported by evidences of financial
means for rendering their institutions successful.
The Trustees of the Geneva Academy and the applicants in the
interest of "Ithaca College" were accordingly informed of this
decision by the following resolution:
Resolved, That the Secretary be directed to prepare a proper in-
strument to be executed in pursuance of the Sixth Section of the
act relative to the University, under the Seal of the Board, declar-
ing its approbation of the respective plans on which it is intended
to found and provide for each of these institutions, and allowing in
each case the term of three years for completing the same respect-
ively. And if at the expiration of that time it shall appear to the
satisfaction of the Regents that the said respective plans, or either
See the History of Ontario County (1876), pp. 70–72.
2 See p. 94.
HISTORY OF GENEVA COLLEGE (NOW HOBART COLLEGE). 203
of them, have been fully executed, and permanent funds producing
anuually the sum of $4,000 for the benefit of each of the said insti-
tutions, or either of them, have been properly secured, that the said
several institutions respectively, or that one of them for which the
plan shall be separately executed, and funds secured as aforesaid,
shall thereupon be incorporated by the Regents as a College, accord-
ing to the Law of the State and the Regulations of this Board.¹
1
On the 1st of February, 1825, a petition was received from the
Trustees of Geneva Academy informing the Regents that the funds
required by the ordinance of April, 1822, as a condition for the in-
corporation of a College, had been procured and invested.
The subject was referred to Messrs. Bleecker, Talcott and Marcy,
who reported that a capital of $40,600 had been properly invested
in bonds and mortgages, at seven per cent interest, the greater part
($36,500) semi-annually.
In addition to this the Trustees had $20,500 given to them to.
ward the endowment of the proposed College, by the "Society for
the Promotion of Religion and Learning in the City of New York,"
invested by the said Society so as to produce six per cent per annum,
payable semi-annually. Although this investment was not in the
name of the Trustees a bond had been given by persons of unques-
tionable responsibility, pledging that the income should be paid as
aforesaid.
The Trustees had also over $10,000 in indorsed notes considered
good, and real estate valued at least as much more.
As a part consideration for the $20,500, there was a provision for
the gratuitous education of twelve students to be nominated by the
Society, which was understood by the Trustees to bind them to re-
ceive that number free of tuition.
In raising the $40,000 the Trustees had issued about two hundred
certificates, each of them securing free tuition to one student for
twenty years. These proceedings being deemed a compliance with
the resolution of April 10, 1822, and a charter was accordingly
granted under a resolution of February 8, 1825.
The charter, which was dated April 5, 1825, vested the affairs of
1 Bishop Hobart in a letter to Mr. McDonald (April 15, 1822), alluding to this
project for another College, said: "It is unfortunate that Ithaca is connected
with you.
But there is no help for it. They will find it difficult, I should think,
to raise $4,000 per annum, and I am afraid this will be a difficulty with you.
Means, however, must be devised for surmounting it." He admitted that the
Branch Theological School was not popular with many, and it was found no easy
matter to obtain for it the arrangements that had been made.
204
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the College in a Board of Trustees, twenty-four in number,' with
perpetual succession, and power to hold an estate with an income
not exceeding $13,333 a year. The Trustees had full power to
appoint or remove, excepting that the office of President was to be
held during good behavior. And they could grant all degrees that
are known and granted by any University or College in Europe.
It finally became necessary to abandon the "Branch Theological
Seminary," and to concentrate every means upon the College. But.
as efforts had been made for this express object, it could not prop-
erly be abandoned without some equivalent, and to enable the Trus-
tecs of the General Theological Seminary to effect it, the "Trustees
of the Protestant Episcopal Society for Promoting Religion and
Learning in the State of New York," in February, 1824, agreed to
advance to the Trustees of the Seminary $8,000, or to secure the
annual interest on that sun. A formal renunciation of claims was
accordingly executed by the Geneva interest July 20, 1824, and
confirmed June 24, 1826.²
The College thus acquired an income of the interest upon $8,000
at six per cent, and Geneva lost the benefits anticipated from the
Branch Seminary.
The funds then acquired amounted to $61,100, and assured an in-
come of $4,072 a year. Besides this there was a considerable amount
of notes and subscriptions, including several donations of land, from
which it was estimated that $10,000 might be raised.
The Board of Trustees of the College was organized May 24,
1825, and serious work under its charter began.
There appears to have existed at that time a prejudice in the
minds of some against classical education, and while measures were
in progress for the procuring of a College charter, there was pro-
posed a plan of Practical Education in the College, not extending
to a full course, but entitling those who attended it to an English
Diploma. This subject has interest in connection with the history
¹ The first Trustees were James Rees, Samuel Colt, Orin Clark, Daniel Mc-
Donald, Abraham Dox, William S. De Zeng, Elnathan Noble, Robert S. Rose,
Walter Grieve, David Cook, James Carter, Henry Axtell, Herman H. Bogert, John
C. Spencer, Philip Church, Bowen Whiting, David H. Hudson, Thomas D. Bur-
rell, Henry Seymour, Elijah Miller, Francis H. Cuming, Jesse Clark, Henry
Anthon, and Lucius Smith. The office of Trustee was to be deemed vacant upon
neglect to attend five successive meetings, and no Professor or Tutor could hold
the office.
2 This instrument is given in full in the " History of Ontario County" (1876),
p. 73.
HISTORY OF GENEVA COLLEGE (Now HOBART COLLEGE). 205
of collegiate education in this State, and may be regarded as an
early attempt in the establishment of what, in most of our Colleges is
now termed a "Scientific Course." The following scheme was
printed and circulated at the period of its date:
"GENEVA, March 1, 1824.
SIR We beg leave briefly to make you acquainted with the out-
lines of a Course of Education proposed to be pursued in the GE-
NEVA COLLEGE.
The Republican institutions of these United States, and the gen-
eral consent of all classes of citizens that such institutions can be
preserved pure only by maintaining an unprivileged equality among
the citizens, demand a respectful deference of every association.
That the blessings of civil liberty real blessings only when
shared equally among all ranks of people—may be extended as far
as possible, and continued as long as possible, a general diffusion of
useful knowledge seems indispensably necessary. This is so uni-
versally acknowledged by all enlightened politicians, and so univer-
sally received in these United States, both theoretically and practi-
cally, that it needs no enforcement from any single institution of
learning.
But there is another light in which the diffusion of knowledge
may be viewed as of the highest importance to the community at
large. It is where practical information is communicated to citizens
in all stations of life, enabling them to add pleasure to business, and
extend their exertions for the means of domestic comfort into fields
of research hitherto confined to the philosopher.
The present extensive application of the discoveries in chemistry
to improvements in Agriculture and the various manufactures con-
venient or necessary to human life, demonstrate in the fullest man-
ner the utility of diffusing a practical knowledge of the Arts and
Sciences among all ranks of citizens, rather than confine that knowl-
edge to the closet of the philosopher.
For these reasons it is proposed, should the plan receive the ap-
probation of the Honorable the Regents of the University, to insti-
tute in the GENEVA COLLEGE, besides the regular Course of Study
pursued in similar Institutions, a totally distinct Course in direct
reference to the practical business of life, by which the Agricultur-
ist, the Merchant and the Mechanic may receive a practical knowl-
edge of what genius and experience have discovered, without pass-
ing through a tedious course of Classical Studies.
Students of certain qualifications and age shall be admitted mem-
bers of the COLLEGE, with all the privileges of it, to pursue a full
Course of the following studies, under the appointed instructors:
1. Under the English Professors they shall study the Philosophy
of English Grammar, Geography, Rhetoric, History, English Com-
position, Moral Philosophy, Logic, Metaphysics, Evidences of
Christianity, and shall practice Public Speaking.
206
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
2. Under the Professor of Mathematics they shall study Geome-
try, Trigonometry, Land Surveying, theoretical and practical ;
Mensuration, generally; Navigation, Leveling, with reference to
Canals and Aqueducts; Hydraulics, as applied to machinery driven
by water power; Steam Power, Natural Philosophy, and Astron-
omy, with the use of Mathematical Instruments; the principles of
Architectural Proportion, and Bridge Building, Drawing of
Plans, etc.
3. Únder the Professor of Chemistry shall be studied Chemistry,
the Principles of Dyeing, Bleaching, etc.; the nature and use of
different Earths and Soils; the fertilizing qualities and effects of
different Substances; Mineralogy and Botany.
4. This Course of Study shall consume at least two years, and the
students shall be classed by years, as in the Classical Departments of
the College.
5. Students pursuing this Course shall be subject to the same
number of public examinations in every year as are the classical
students, and shall equally conform to all the By-laws of the COL-
LEGE.
6. Upon the expiration of the prescribed term of study, such stu-
dents in this Minor Course as shall appear upon public examination
to merit it, shall receive from the President on Commencement day,
if the President be so authorized by the Honorable the Regents of
the University, an English Diploma, signed by the President and
Professors of the COLLEGE, and which shall be considered an hono-
rary testimony of application to Practical Studies, as the other Di-
ploma of the said COLLEGE is of Classical and Theoretical Studies."
""
The originator of this idea was doubtless the Rev. Mr. McDon-
ald.¹ In a modified form, it afterward appeared in what was for-
merly called the "English Course ;" and, as the "Scientific Course,'
it presents at the present time an option to the students preferring
the Modern Languages, and certain other studies in Mathematics and
the Sciences, to the Greek and Latin Classics.
2
The Rev. JASPER ADAMS, D. D., became the first President of
Geneva College. The other members of the Faculty were: Rev.
DANIEL MCDONALD, S. T. D., Professor of Languages; IIORACE
WEBSTER, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso-
phy; JOSEPH N. FARIBAULT, Professor of the French Language,
and HENRY GREGORY, A. B., Tutor.
' The same idea is brought out more fully in a pamphlet entitled “Observations
upon the Project of Establishing Geneva College," evidently written by the same
hand. 8vo., N. Y., 1824, p. 8.
2 The Presidency was first offered to the Rev. Horatio Potter, then a Professor
in Washington (now Trinity) College, at Hartford. It was also offered to the
Rev. Dr. John Reed, of Poughkeepsie.
3 Afterward President of the New York Free Academy.
HISTORY OF GENEVA COLLEGE (Now HOBART COLLEGE). 207
Dr. Adams resigned in 1828 and returned to South Carolina, from
whence he came, and the Rev. RICHARD L. MASON, D. D., became
his successor. The death of Professor McDonald and of Bishop
Hobart, which occurred the same year, proved a heavy loss to the
College.
In 1831,¹ the Trustees were authorized to employ a part of their
funds in building.
In 1834, a Medical Department was established, and in 1835, ap-
plication was again made to the Society for the Promotion of Re-
ligion and Learning, for relief. At a meeting of its Trustees held
July, 1836, their society granted further aid, accompanied by the
declaration, "That the interest of the grant about to be made to
Geneva College, is to advance and secure the fundamental object for
which this society was established and endowed, viz.: The promo-
tion of Religion and Learning in the State of New York, in con-
nection with the interests of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and
that the Trustees of this society rely on the honor and good faith of
the Trustees of Geneva College and their successors, that in all fu-
ture time this intent will be scrupulously observed." It was further
stipulated that the President should always be a clergyman of that
church; other requirements were added with respect to free schol-
arships, and the Rev. BENJAMIN HALE, D. D., became President in
place of Dr. Mason, resigned.
In 1836, the middle College building was erected for the use of
the Medical College, and in 1837, one known as "Trinity Hall."
Under a grant of $15,000 from the State, a new Medical College
edifice was erected, and the middle building was devoted to the use
of the Literary College.
In 1848, the building known as the "Philosophical Room" was
fitted up for a chapel. In 1849, the sum of $15,000 having been
raised for the purpose, chiefly in the diocese of Western New York,
the Hobart Professorship was established, and in 1851, the Society
for Promoting Religion and Learning in the State of New York,
gave to the College the interest of a similar sum for the endowment
of the Hobart Professorship of the Latin Language and Literature.
In 1838 the sum of $6,000 was appropriated annually for five
years, and until otherwise directed by law, to be applied exclusively
2
1 Chap. 309, Laws of 1831
2 Chap. 237, Laws of 1838.
208
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
to the payment of the salaries of Professors and teachers, and these
payments were made, without further change in the law, down to
the adoption of the Constitution of 1846. By the provisions of
Section 8, Article VII, it was provided that "no moneys shall ever be
paid out of the Treasury of this State, or any of its funds, or any
funds under its management, except in pursuance of an appropriation
by law, nor unless such payment be made within two years next
after the passage of such appropriation act."
In 1847 the Trustees applied to the Legislature for a continuance
of this grant, and obtained half this sum, and for one year only.
In 1848 the College received a grant of $3,000 a year for two years,
and in 1849 $2,500 for one year. In 1857¹ a claim was presented,
founded upon the act of 1838, and agreements made while that act
was in force, and the further sum of $3,000 was made.
"
"The cessation of the State grant created an immediate and press-
ing need, and application was made to Trinity Church, of New
York city, for relief. That corporation responded by a grant of
$3,000 per annum in perpetuity, payable quarterly.' This grant
was qualified by certain conditions which were accepted and fulfilled :
First, That the College should assume the name of 'Hobart';
second, that any necessitous young man should receive his education
and lodging in the College without charge, thus making this institu-
tion of the Episcopal Church free to all." *
2
In pursuance of this arrangement application was made to the
Legislature for a change of name, and on the 10th of April, 1852,³
the institution became
HOBART FREE COLLEGE AT GENEVA,
but the Medical Department was to continue to be known and
designated as the " Medical Institution of Geneva College.”
This change of name was effected through the co-operation of
Bishop De Lancey.
In 1855 the charter was amended by fixing the quorum of Trus-
tees to nine members, but no measure was to be deemed as passed
unless approved by at least seven members of the Board.
In 1858 President Hale retired after twenty-three years of honor-
1 Chap. 542, Laws of 1873. Assembly Doc. 54, 1857.
2 Public Service of New York, III, p. 275.
Chap 211, Laws of 1852.
4 Chap. 247, Laws of 1855.
HISTORY OF HOBART COLLEGE.
209
able and efficient service, and the Rev. ABNER JACKSON, D. D., LL.
D., succeeded him.
On the 27th of March, 1860, the Regents changed the name to
HOBART COLLEGE,
and this was confirmed by the Legislature March 15, 1861,¹ and all
bequests and grants made to the College under either of the previous
names were declared valid, notwithstanding any mistake in the use
of corporate names. The Medical School was to be known as 66 The
Geneva Medical College."
In 1860-61, through the efforts of President Jackson, about
$67,000 were added to the College Funds. In 1867 he retired and
was succeeded by the Rev. JAMES KENT STONE, S. T. D., but he re-
mained but one year. He was followed by the Rev. JAMES RANKINE,
S. T. D., and two years after by the Rev. MAUNSELL VAN RENS-
SELAER, S. T. D., who remained until 1876.
2
By an act passed February 20, 1874, entitled "An act to amend
the charter of Hobart (late Geneva) College," parts of the charter
relating to the election of Trustees and the organization of the
Board were repealed."
During the presidencies of Drs. Rankine and Van Rensselaer,
mainly through the exertions of the Bishop of the Diocese, the Right
Rev. Dr. Coxe, assisted by the Presidents and the local Geneva
clergy and Trustees, the sum of $65,000 was added to the permanent
funds of the College. In 1867, the Rev. WILLIAM STEVENS PERRY,
D. D., LL. D., was elected President, but being called to the Epis-
copate of the Diocese of Iowa, the presidency was filled by the elec-
tion, June, 1876, of the Rev. ROBERT GRAHAM HINSDALE, S. T. D.,
1 ¹ Chap. 52, Laws of 1861.
2 Chap. 21, Laws of 1874.
The
All
3 The Board was in future to consist of the President of the College and the
Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese in which the College is located, ex-
officio, and twenty others, chosen in five classes, with terms of four years.
classification of the Board then in office was to be determined by lot, and elections
were to be made annually-three by the Board and one by the Alumni.
elections were to be by ballot. All Alumni of five years' standing, who had re-
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Science, and those who had in course received
the degree of Master of Arts, were allowed to vote, but not except at a meeting
at which at least thirty were present. If they failed to elect the right of election
lapsed to the Trustees, provided that twenty Alumni were present to make a
nomination. Vacancies by death, removal from the State or other causes, might
Absence from five successive
be filled by the Trustees for the unexpired term.
meetings was to cause a vacancy.
27
210
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professor of Chemistry and Geology in Racine College, Wisconsin.
President Hinsdale entered on his duties in September following.
His first care was the renovation of the College buildings, which had
fallen into a wretched condition. For this purpose funds were ob-
tained from private individuals. In 1878, the means were secured,
largely through the exertions of one of the Trustees, WILLIAM B.
DOUGLAS, of Rochester, and the Hon. WILLIAM C. PIERREPONT, of
Pierrepont Manor, for the erection of a chemical and philosophical
laboratory. The apparatus for this laboratory was the gift of Mr.
Pierrepont, who also gave $3,000 for the, increase of the library.
In 1881, the College met with a severe loss in the death of JOHN H.
SWIFT, of New York, a life-long friend of the College and a Trus-
tee. It was mainly through funds contributed by him that the
chaplaincy was endowed in 1861. In his last will he evinced his
abiding interest in the College by leaving a large sum for the further
endowment of the chaplaincy' and library funds.
In June, 1883, President Hinsdale having resigned, Professor
HAMILTON L. SMITH, LL. D., became acting President for 1883-84.
In June, 1884, the Rev. ELIPHALET NOTT POTTER, S. T. D., LL. D.,
for several years President of Union College, accepted the presidency
of this College.
Hobart College is the College of the five Dioceses of New York,
and the Bishops of these Dioceses are Visitors. The Rector of
Trinity Church is also a Visitor and a Trustee.
The financial condition of this College was reported in 1884 as
follows:
Buildings and grounds.
Educational collections..
Invested in bonds and mortgages..
Invested in corporate bonds and stocks..
$69, 350 00
26, 300 00
250, 142 36
6,000 00
$351, 792 36
It had no debts.
1 ¹ By an amendment to the charter of this College granted in 1883, the capital of
the fund known as the Chaplaincy Fund was to accumulate its income until it
reached the sum of $50,000.
In 1883, the Trustees reported a donation of $9,000 from Mrs. Julia D. Merritt,
for the improvement of the College chapel and the erection of a chaplain's house.
An amendment to the charter was made the same year, allowing the capital of
the fund known as the Chaplaincy Fund to accumulate until it reached the sum of
$50,000,
HISTORY OF HOBART COLLEGE.
211
Revenue from students.
Revenue from income of invested funds..
Revenue from other sources..
Paid for salaries..
Paid for prizes, scholarships, etc..
Paid for improvements and repairs.
Paid for fuel and other expenses.
Total.....
$4, 957 00
14, 722 84
1
1,364 25
$21,044 09
... $13, 625 00
2,480 00
578 75
2,713 05
$19,396 80
The College has a Classical, an Intermediate and a Scientific
Course; the first leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the
other two to Bachelor of Science.
The Library contains 15,000 volumes, and is open for students
two hours at a time, on two days in a week. A Reading-room is
open daily from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M.
The Philosophical Apparatus is reported as very complete, includ-
ing all necessary for Topographical and Engineering field-work.
An Observatory is provided with an Equatorial of about ten feet
focal length, and nine inches aperture, with clock-work and stereo-
scopic attachments. It has a Transit instrument, with Electro-
chronographic Register, Siderial clock and other apparatus for
teaching Practical Astronomy There is also a Meteorological Ob-
servatory.
The Chemical Laboratory, provided from funds given by the Hon.
W. C. Pierrepont, has special arrangements for giving instruction in
General Chemistry, and in Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis.
SCHOLARSHIPS. The "Henry Laight and John Watts Scholar-
ships," each of $1,000 capital.
The "Ayrault Scholarships," founded by the late Hon. Allen
Ayrault, of Geneseo, are 21 in number and yield $100 each.
The "Pierrepont Scholarships" (3), founded by Hon. Wm. C.
Pierrepont. Endowment, $6,000.
Scholarships of the "Society for Promoting Religion and Learn-
ing in the State of New York," founded in 1836, and afford free
tuition to twenty students.
Union School Scholarship (Geneva).
The "Society for the Increase of the Ministry." Number varies
according to the necessity of the case.
212
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Trinity Church (Geneva), Scholarship.
All appointments to scholarships are for one year, and renewable
at the discretion of the Director.
PRIZES. Horace White Medals. Gold, $20; silver, $10;
founded by the late Horace White, of Syracuse, for best English
Essays. A Rhetorical Prize Medal of Gold, $30.
Cobb Prizes, worth $20 and $10, established by Augusta H.,
widow of Frederick Augustus Cobb, of Boston, for best Essays
connected with English Literature.
Prize Exhibitions. Sophomore and Junior Classes.
Greek Prize. Junior Class.
Latin Prize. Sophomore Class.
English Prize. Sophomore Class.
The Associate Alumni of this College elect one Trustee of the
College annually.
PROFESSORS IN THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT IN THE ORDER OF
THEIR APPOINTMENT.
Horatio Webster, LL. D., 1825-48.
Rev. Daniel McDonald, S. T. D., 1825-30.
Henry L. Du Coudray Holstein, 1828-35.
Edward Cutbush, M. D., 1830-35.
Joseph Gardner Smith, LL. D., 1831-45.
Rev. Henry Mandeville, S. T. D., 1833-34.
David Prentice, LL. D., 1836-47.
Gilbert T. Thompson, 1836-37.
Theodore Irving, A. M., 1837-47.
Rev. Edward Bourns, LL. D., 1841-
Henry L. Low, A. M., 1848-49.
David B. Douglass, LL. D., 1848-49.
Rev. Hobart Williams, A. M., 1849-51.
Rev. Rollo Oscar Page, A. M., 1850-51.
Rev. William Dexter Wilson, S. T. D., LL.
D., L. H. D., 1850-68.
Rev. Kendrick Metcalf, S. T. D., 1850-72.
John Towler, M. D., 1850-
Albert S. Wheeler, A. M., 1857-68.
Robert De L. Hamilton, A. M., 1857-58.
William W. Folwell, A. M., LL. D., 1858-59.
Henry H. Bates, A. M., 1859-64.
Rev. Henry A. Neely, S. T. D., 1862-64.
Rev. Francis T. Russell, A. M., 1864-66.
Rev. Pelham Williams, S. T. D., 1865-66.
Rev. Russell A. Olin, A. M., 1867-68.
Rev. Frederick M. Gray, A. M., 1868-69.
Joseph H. McDaniels, A. M., 1868-
Hamilton L. Smith, LL. D., 1868-
Lucien G. Coffin, A. M., 1869-70.
Francis P. Nash, LL. B., 1869-76.
(Reappointed), 1882.
Charles D. Vail, A. M., 1872-
Rev. Stephen H. Gurteen, A. M., 1875.
Rev. George F. Siegmund, S. T. D., 1875-77.
Rev. Walter Ayrault, S. T. D., 1875-82.
Edward H. Smith, H. M., LL. B., 1877-82.
Rev. Charles F. Kellner, Ph. D., 1877-83.
David Francis Lincoln, A. M., M. D., 1880-81.
Charles John Rose, A. M., 1881
William Cleveland Thayer, A. M., 1882-84.
Rev. William M. Hughes, A. M., 18S3
William P. Durfee Ph. D., 1884-
HISTORY OF HOBART COLLEGE.
213
YEARS.
Special.
Freshmen.
Statistics of Attendance and of Graduation in Hobart College
under its Former and Present Names.
[Detailed statistics by classes are not published before 1838. The years given are those
ending in these years, and as published in the Regents' Reports of the years following.
The statistics of Geneva Medical College are given elsewhere in this volume.]
STUDENTS.
GRADUATES.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total.
1836..
1837
1838..
1839..
1840.
1
4
49
74
6
4
5
6
28
13
6
25
52
28
15
26
2
•25
38
15
9
6
68
6
1841
29
17
12
8
66
7
1842.
33
15
12
6
66
6
1843.
24
24
9
65
8
1844.
27
17
18
8
70
8
1845.
30
21
14
16
81
16
1846.
25
25
17
10
77
6
1847.
13
21
21
12
67
13
1848.
12
12
12
15
51
14
1
1849.
10
12
11
10
43
10
1850.
12
13
6
6
37
1851.
8
11
15
7
41
67
1852..
13
11
12
10
49
1853.
20
17
14
11
62
1854.
23
24
11
9
67
8
1855..
23
32
21
10
86
9
2
1856..
15
27
25
16
83
14
1857.
29
23
24
19
95
18
1858..
21
31
19
21
92
17
1859.
30
26
22
19
97
9
1860.
24
33
26
24
107
17
•
1861.
1862.
1863.
25
26
30
28
109
19
11222
22
26
30
28
106
15
..
24
22
24
24
94
13
1864.
13
29
22
24
88
11
1
Horarão
9
9
10
15
1
1865.
19
12
21
14
66
15
1866..
18
19
20
30
87
18
1
1867
19
18
18
20
75
8
1868.
22
15
18
12
67
11
1869..
6
11
17
14 17
65
10
844
1870.
17
12
1871.
6
17
1872..
1873.
1874.
1875..
15
11
12
7
10
14
273207
16
14
59
14
10
16
49
13
15
7
40
6
4
15
42
15
13
4
34
4
19
11
51
10
1876.
1877...
1878...
+4
6
8
6
14
38
7
4
17
3
5
1
26
1
10
7
10
7
34
6
1
1879...
2
18
9
9
4
42
7
1
1880..
26
16
13
11
66
777
2
1881..
1
18
11
18
12
60
1882.
2
11
15
16
19
63
12
1883.
24
5
22
17
68
15
1884.
14
7224
2
сл
5
6
24
1
1
7
A. B.
B. S.
A. M.
214
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
From other sources it appears that the numbers graduating in
earlier years in Geneva College were as follows:
In
YEARS.
In
Arts.
English
course.
1826...
1827...
1828..
1829..
1830..
6
3
1
2
1
12
In
In
YEARS.
Arts.
English
course.
1831..
1832..
1833
1834.
1835..
5
3
2
3
07 ∞ ∞ LO GO
6
3
2
Whole number of Alumni to 1884, inclusive, 544; deceased, 128;
living, 416.
GENEVA MEDICAL COLLEGE.
This College was established by the Trustees of Geneva College,
under an act passed March 27, 1835, which so modified the provis-
ions of the Revised Statutes in respect to the practice of medicine
in this State as to include the graduates of this school, upon the
same terms as those from the other two schools then existing in the
State, to the rights of the profession.¹
An act was procured May 25, 1841, appropriating the sum of
$5,000 a year for three years, from the income of the United States
Deposit Fund, to be applied by the Trustees of Geneva College in
paying for a site, and in erecting a building thereon, the purchase of
a Library, Chemical, Anatomical and other apparatus, and for the
¹ The action of the Trustees of Geneva College in establishing a Medical De-
partment came under the notice of the Regents, in the month of February, 1835,
and was referred to a committee for consideration in two particular points; the
first relating to the power of the College to confer medical degrees, and the
second as to the validity of such degrees. After due consideration this commit-
tee reported that without doubt the College possessed the power, and in sup-
port of this they adduced numerous examples in various States where this had
been done.
But in respect to the second point they were not so clear, yet to remove all
doubts they reported a resolution in which the Regents were to offer to confer
the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon such persons as the Trustees of the
College might recommend, they having first complied with the law in other
respects. This resolution, after being up for consideration at several meetings
of the Board, was finally laid upon their table, and was not afterward brought
up for further action. In the mean time the Trustees continued to grant this
degree from year to year, and its validity was never, to our knowledge, after-
ward questioned.
2 Chap. 223, Laws of 1841. The sum of $1,000 a year, for five years, was
appropriated May 6, 1844 (chap. 279).
HISTORY OF HOBART COLLEGE.
215
improvement of the Museum of the Medical College. As a condi-
tion of this grant, the school was to admit so many indigent stu-
dents, not exceeding one from each of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and
Eighth Senatorial Districts, as might be recommended by the Boards of
Censors of the State Medical Society of these districts, to free attend-
ance upon their course of instruction.
Under this grant a brick and stone edifice, 76 by 44 feet in size,
four stories high, and with a tin roof, was erected.
The first reports of this Medical School appear with the College
report for the year ending in 1838, but the number attending lec-
tures was not given. There were then five Professorships, viz. :
Institutes and Practice of Medicine.
The Principles and Practice of Surgery.
Obstetrics and Materia Medica.
Anatomy and Physiology.
Botany and Medical Jurisprudence.
The course was subsequently enlarged, and the school derived
accessions, both to its faculty and its students, from the discontinu-
ance of the Fairfield Medical School in 1840.
Upon the establishment of the Syracuse University this Medical
College was removed to that city, under the sanction of the Trus-
tees of Hobart College, including the medical library and anatomi-
cal museum. The building at Geneva has been since burned. The
mineralogical cabinet, which was in the building and somewhat
injured by the fire, is now in possession of Hobart College.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation at the Geneva Medical
College.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students
attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students
attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students
1835
1836...
1837.
..
1838..
1839
1840..
6 1845... 179 43
8 1846... 158 49
1855....
1806.
25
6
29
4
1864.
1865.
20
9
..
20
8
60
5
60 17
71 17
1847..
1848...
1849...
63 18
58 13
1857...
1858...
1859...
31 5
1866....
28
12
31 8
1867...
36
18
16 5
1868.
23
15
81 20
1841..
126 36
·
1842..
175 38
1850... 101 32
1851..
1852
93 29
1861...
1860... 23
6
1869..
19
8
....
25
9
1870...
22
7
1843.
195 45
1844.
184 45
1853..
1854*
85 16
43
11
1962.... 21
1863.
6
1871....
20
6
22
8
1872..
22
8
* Lectures interrupted; no graduates.
attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students
attending.
Graduates.
21
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
216
PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS IN THE GENEVA MEDICAL COLLEGE
IN THE ORDER OF THEIR APPOINTMENT.
Edward Cutbush, M. D., Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1835-39.
Thomas Rush Spencer, M. D., Theory and Practice, Materia Medica, General Pathology,
1835-54.
Willard Parker, M. D., Anatomy and Physiology, 1835-36.
John G. Morgan, M. D., Surgery, 1835-36.
Charles B. Coventry, M. D., Obstetrics, Diseases of Women and Children, Medical Juris-
prudence, 1835-53.
Anson Coleman, M. D., Medical Jurisprudence and Botany, 1835-36.
James Webster, M. D., Anatomy and Physiology, 1836-54.
David L. Rogers, M. D., Surgery, 1837-40.
John De La Mater, M. D., Materia Medica and General Pathology, 1840-43.
Sumner Rhoades, M. D., Demonstrated Anatomy, 1840-41.
James Hadley, M. D., Chemistry and Pharmacy (Emeritus, 1858), 1840-69.
Frank Hastings Hamilton, M. D., Surgery, 1840-47.
Corydon La Ford, M. D., Demonstrative Anatomy, 1842-46.
Charles Alfred Lee, M. Ú., Materia Medica and General Pathology, 1845.
James Bryan, M. D., Surgery, 1847-53.
Austin Flint, M. D., Theory and Practice, 1847-49.
George White Field, M. D., Demonstrative Anatomy, 1847-53.
William Sweetser, M. D., Theory and Practice, 1848-55.
John Fowler, M. D., Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medical Jurisprudence, 1858-82.
Charles A. P. Bowen, M. D., Demonstrative Anatomy, Anatomy and Physiology, 1853-55.
Joel E. Hawley, M. D., Surgery, 1854.
Frederick Hyde, M. D., Obstetrics, Surgery, 1854-72.
Augustine B Hawley, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1854-55.
George Burr, M. D., Obstetrics, Diseases of Women and Children, Medical Jurisprudence,
Anatomy, 1855-69.
Caleb Green, M. D., Materia Medica, General Pathology, Physiology and Pathology,
1855-62.
Edward R. Maxson, M. D., LL. D., Theory and Practice, 1855-56.
Charles N. Hewitt, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1855-56.
Alfred Bolter, M. D., Theory and Practice, 1856-58.
Elias De Long Corse, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1856-57.
James H. Jerome, M. D., Anatomy and Physiology, 1856-60.
Hiram N. Eastman, M. D., Materia Medica and Practice, Diseases of Women and Children,
1858-72:
Joseph Beattie, M. D., Obstetrics, Diseases of Women and Children, Jurisprudence, 1859-
62.
Lyman W. Bliss, A. M., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1859-67.
Nelson Nivison, M. D., Physiology and Pathology, 1862-72.
Ezra P. Allen, M. D., Obstetrics, Materia Medica, 1863-72.
Orin Smith, A. M., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1867-69.
Charles Rider, M. D., Ophthalmology, 1869-70.
Daniel S. Burr, A. M., M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1869-70.
Miles G. Hyde, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1870-72.
UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
The first suggestion leading to active measures for the organiza-
tion of this institution appears to have been made by the Rev.
Alexander Gunn, D. D., of the Reformned Dutch Church, who
not long before his death,' submitted to a chosen few in his study,
the plans and various details for the establishment of a University
in the city of New York.2
¹ Dr. Gunn died at Bloomingdale, N. Y., September 18, 1829.
2 Address by Chancellor Ferris, October 25. 1858. We are aware that this claim
of origin of the idea has been asserted in favor of the Rev. James M. Mathews,
who was unquestionably the most prominent in the movement in its early stages
of organization, and who became the first Chancellor.
At the time of Chancellor Ferris' address here cited, the bitter controversies
of former years had subsided, and from his position he was able to state facts
without prejudice.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 217
Frequent conversations led to renewed conferences in an enlarged
circle, which included some of the most eminent men in the vari-
ous professions, and many distinguished educators in various parts
of the country. The subject was publicly announced toward the
close of 1829, and committees were appointed to solicit subscrip-
tions. Another committee, consisting of the Rev. James M. Math-
ews, D. D., Rev. Jonathan M. Wainwright, D. D., Hon. Albert
Gallatin, and John Delafield, Esq., was appointed to address a cir-
cular to the heads of Colleges, and to such gentlemen as it was
supposed could without inconvenience attend, inviting them to
meet in convention in the city of New York, on the 20th of
October, 1830, to discuss the subject of the establishment of a Uni-
versity in the city of New York.
About fifty literary and scientific gentlemen, including four Col-
lege Presidents, about a dozen College Professors and members of
various professions, among whom were several distinguished lawyers,
clergymen and authors from various parts of the country, attended
at the appointed time, and remained in session three days. Some
who did not attend, sent elaborate papers upon educational subjects
that they wished to have considered, and the proceedings as pub-
lished embody a large amount of information upon University
organizations in Europe, and suggestions for the new enterprise.'
A committee was appointed to arrange for a future meeting, but
it was never held. Meanwhile a memorial was addressed to the
Legislature setting forth a plan, and claiming that $114,000 had been
subscribed, and that various libraries and literary institutions in the
city proposed to offer their facilities for the promotion of the object.
A Council was organized to be thereafter elected by the stockhold-
ers, every subscription of $100 entitling to one vote. As first pro-
posed, a widely elective series of studies was to be offered, from
which a selection might be made to suit any special want, and de-
grees, honors and testimonials were to be given as found deserved.
There was to be no professorship in Theology, and no denomina-
tional preferences were to be allowed in the election of a Council.
In short, the plan was formed upon that of European Universities
rather than that of the American College, as it had hitherto been
arranged, and it was expected that it would afford opportunities
which the latter did not then supply.
Journal of a Convention of Literary and Scientific gentlemen, held in the
Common Council Chamber of the city of New York, October, 1830." N Y., 1831,
8vo., pp. 287.
2 Assem. Doc. 197, 1831, pp. 9.
218
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
An act was passed April 18, 1831,¹ creating a corporation to be
managed by a Council, of whom thirty-two were to be elected by
the shareholders and four by the Common Council. The Mayor
of New York city was to be ex-officio a member. The elective
members were to be classified, so that one-fourth were to be
chosen annually; but if an election failed, or a vacancy occurred,
the Council might appoint. The usual power of conferring de-
grees was granted, and the University was to be subject to the visi-
tation of the Regents.*
A site was purchased on the east side of Washington Square, and
a building erected, with a front of Sing Sing marble from the Prison
quarries, which was at the time the finest specimen of Gothic College
architecture in the country."
The institution was opened in October, 1832, in Clinton Hall,
then in Bleecker street, with 7 Professors and 42 students, and the
first class was graduated in 1833. The building commenced in July,
1833, was used in 1835, but not formally dedicated until May 20,
1837. The University had at that time a Chancellor and sixteen
Professors. The chairs of the latter were as follows: (1) Civil En-
gineering and Architecture; (2) Literature of the Arts of Design ;
(3) Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Belles-Lettres; (4) Greek
Language and Literature; (5) Latin Language and Literature; (6)
French Language and Literature; (7) Italian Language and Litera-
ture; (8) Spanish Language and Literature; (9) German Language
and Literature; (10) Hebrew; (11) Mathematics; (12) Natural
Philosophy and Astronomy; (13) Chemistry and Botany; (14) Geol-
ogy and Mineralogy; (15) Arabic, Syriac, Persian and Ethiopic, and
1 Chap. 176, Laws of 1831.
2 The Council last elected were confirmed in office, viz.: Jonathan M. Wain-
wright, James M. Mathews, Spencer H. Cone, James Milnor, Samuel H. Cox,
Jacob Brodhead, Cyrus Mason, Archibald Maclay, Morgan Lewis, Albert Galla-
tin, Samuel R. Betts, James Tallmadge, Henry T. Wyckoff, George Griswold,
Myndert Van Schaick, Stephen Whitney, John Haggerty, Martin E. Thompson,
James Lenox, Benjamin L. Swan, John S. Crary, Samuel Ward, Jr., William
Cooper, Fanning C. Tucker, Oliver M. Lownds, Valentine Mott, Edward Dela-
field, William W. Woolsey, Charles G. Troup, Gabriel P. Disosway, Charles
Starr, John Delafield, William Seaman, Gideon Lee, Benjamin M. Brown and
Thomas Jeremiah, the last four being members of the Common Council of the
city of New York.
3 In 1840 a debt of $9,860.19, incurred for this marble, was released by the
State.
4 The inaugural address was delivered by Hon. James Tallmadge, President of
the Council, and sets forth in full the plan as then arranged.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
219
(16) Evidences of Revealed Religion. A Faculty in Law had been
planned, one in Medicine was in course of organization, and a Pro-
fessorship had been created for educating Teachers of Common
Schools. It was claimed that this was the first effort made in the
United States for the special preparation of Teachers of Common
Schools.
The first subscriptions were not to become valid until $100,000
had been pledged; and when the charter was granted they amounted
to about $101,250. It afterward appeared that a part of this sum de-
pended upon scholarships of $1,500 each, which it was expected that
certain churches would assume, and this sum was in many cases put
down in the name of the pastors without a precise uuderstanding of
the obligation incurred. The affairs of the institution appear to
have been conducted harmoniously, from the organization of the
Council in April, 1831, until the summer and fall of 1838, when
complaints began, which were carried to the Legislature, and on the
23d of April, 1839, they were referred by the Senate to the Regents
for examination. A committee, consisting of the Chancellor (James
King), Mr. Dix and Mr. Lansing, was appointed, with a clause re-
questing Mr. Wetmore to act in case any one of the former could
not attend.
This investigation began on the 26th of April and continued till
May 23, and the results were reported fully to the Legislature at its
next session.¹
The committee distinctly stated that no evidence had appeared
showing that the Chancellor (Dr. Mathews) had violated his impor-
tant trust by the application of any part of the funds to private use,
in the least degree; but on the contrary, that his accounts had shown
large balances due to him from advances made from his private
funds, including his own salary as Chancellor, and amounting in all
in March, 1839, to $13,421.
'Senate Doc. No. 10, 1840, pp. 29. It appears from this that the sum of $40,000
had been paid for the lot, and $150,000 for a building; an expense far beyond the
means in hand, and beyond the ability of the institution to meet in the financial
crisis that followed. Some of the subscribers were unwilling, and many were un-
able to meet their engagements. There was no specific charge of the application
of funds to private uses; but the committee expressed surprise that no regular
book of accounts had been kept by any one connected with the University, and
remarked that the very imperfect manner in which the pecuniary transactions of
the Council were kept, was well calculated to encourage suspicion and lead to un-
friendly imputations against those upon whom the duty devolved, of receiving
and paying out the funds.
220
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The great mistake made was in trying to accomplish too much
with too little, and the Committee remarked: "There is no doubt
but that these embarrassments have arisen from the continued negli-
gence of the Council to appoint a qualified book-keeper, and that
they are not chargeable upon any individual member of the Council
or other officer connected with the University."
The Legislature by an act passed April 17, 1838, appropriated
$6,000 a year for five years, and until otherwise directed. Whatever
else was received caine from the private munificence of the citizens
of New York, with the single exception of the Hon. Stephen Van
Rensselaer, of Albany."
The burden of debt brought its natural consequences in the dis-
satisfaction of professors at salaries reduced or delayed, leading to
numerous resignations and to much feeling on the part of these pro-
fessors and their friends. The Rev. Dr. James M. Mathews, the
first Chancellor, resigned his place early in February, 1838, as ap-
pears by the minutes in consequence of impaired health. The Hon.
Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, was unanimously elected
in his place, and was installed on the 5th of June following.
In May, 1838, the debt of the University, including interest, was
about $172,383.48, of which the sum of $110,000 was secured by
bonds and mortgages, and $62,383.48 was a floating debt, for which
early provision must be made. To accomplish this a subscription
was circulated, with the condition that it should not be valid unless
the sum of $75,000 was raised. Before the Regents' committee had
reported (December 31, 1839), the sum of $77,050 had been sub-
scribed, of which $43,000 was from those who were among the
original founders of the University. In view of recent events, the
committee of the Regents stated that entire harmony seemed to exist
between the different members of the institution, and that the influ-
ence of past dissensions appeared to have passed away.
From this period the history of the University was not disturbed
by any event that came to public notice, and when ten years after-
ward resolutions were introduced in the Assembly directing investi-
gations to be made into the condition of the University, the com-
mittee reported that no charges had been preferred against any of
its officers or professors, and that they found nothing to be done.²
Although it would appear that exalted expectations had been
¹ Brief History of the Origin and Progress of the University of the City of New
York. Assem. Doc. 3, 1840.
2 Assem. Doc. 169, 1849.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 221
raised in the beginning, with respect to an immensely varied and
comprehensive course of instruction, the system when fully organ-
ized did not differ materially from the usual course as taught in
other Colleges, with the addition of departments of Law and of
Medicine, and a Grammar School, as we shall separately notice. It,
however, afforded a wider opportunity for selection in portions of
the course than was then common in other Colleges.
In 1871, the Faculty of Science and Letters was more distinctly
divided into a Faculty of Arts, and a Faculty of Science, and par-
allel full courses of instruction have since been given. The former
included the ancient languages, and the latter the subjects taught in
the best scientific schools, with Civil Engineering and Analytical
Chemistry, for which special facilities have been afforded. In this
department French and German take the place of Greek and Latin.
Two Literary Societies have been sustained for many years, with
good working libraries and regular weekly sessions and exercises in
debate, elocution and literary efforts of various kinds.
In recent years the institution has received large gifts from liberal
friends, among whom of those now deceased may be mentioned
George Griswold, John Johnston, John C. Green, Julius Hallgar-
ten, Augustus Schell and Loring Andrews; and among the living,
the name of John Taylor Johnston is most conspicuous.
Upon the entrance of the Rev. Howard Crosby, as Chancellor of
the University in 1870, the courses in Arts and Sciences (formerly
$80 per annum) were made gratuitous, and no tuition bills have
since been required. This does not include the Medical and the
Law departments.
Students upon matriculating have the option of entering the de-
partment of Arts, or that of Science; or if they do not aspire to an
Academic Degree, they may take a selected course. An incidental
charge of $15 per annum is made for lighting and warming rooms
and other general expenses. In chemical analysis a similar sum is
required to pay cost of material used.
Fellowships. There are three Fellowships, yielding $300, $200
and $100 respectively. They may be enjoyed for one year after
graduation by students who are deemed worthy, and upon condition
of examinations during the Fellowship year.
Collections. These have been greatly increased within a recent
period. In Geology, they contain about 10,000 specimens; in
Chemistry they are ample and increasing, and in Physics they are
extensive and continually receiving additions.
222
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The Library of the University is still small. Its apparatus is
adequate to present necessities, and has been increased from time to
time as required.
Modification of the Charter in 1883.
Upon the application of the Council, in which the stockholders
acquiesced, the charter was amended by the Legislature in 1883, as
follows:
1. The provision making the Mayor and four members of the
Common Council members of the corporation was repealed.
2. The provision that no religious sect should ever have a majority
in the Council was repealed.
3. Hereafter all corporate rights are to be vested in the Council
thereof, which Council itself shall be the corporation.
4. The Council shall have power to fill its own vacancies, and at
each annual election one fourth of the members then to be elected
shall be elected by the Council.
5. All provisions of the act incorporating the University inconsist-
ent with the foregoing amendments were repealed.
6. The Regents may, for cause satisfactory to them, alter, amend
or repeal the ordinances making these amendments.
Civil Engineering.— This has been taught from the beginning,
but began to appear as a distinct branch about thirty years ago. It
now covers three years, parallel with the Sophomore, Junior and
Senior years of the Department of Science. The studies in English,
Elementary Mathematics and Natural Science are pursued with the
classes of that department. The fee for this branch is $50 a year,
in addition to the $15 for general incidental expenses. Upon gradu-
ation the degree of Civil Engineer is conferred.
Department of Civil Engineering in the University of the City
of New York.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Students.
1854.
7
1865..
10
1855.
1866..
11
1856..
8
1867
8
1857.
7
1868.
26
1858.
9
1869.
31
2223
1875..
1876.
4
9
1877.
5
1878.
10
1859..
1860..
8
1870..
39
1
1879...
1880..
5
1
12
2
1871.
18
4
1881..
16
4
1861.
7
1872..
1862..
9
1873..
1863.
9
1874.
934
1882.
16
2
1883.
1884.
21
76
1864.
14
Graduates.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 223
In years in which the number of students is not given, they were
included in the numbers reported in the Department of Science.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry. — This was established
under the late Professor John W. Draper, whose eminent attain-
ments and original researches gave prominence to this branch of
the Scientific Course through many years. It has been recently
refitted, and its appointments are according to the very best models.
The required course of students in the Department of Science covers
Qualitative Analysis and the Blow-pipe. Students desiring instruc-
tion in Quantitative Analysis, Assaying, Gas and Organic Analysis
are amply provided for. The fee for advanced instruction is $50
per annum. From 1859 to 1871 this branch was separately reported
to the Regents as follows:
Class of Practical and Analytical Chemistry in the University
of the City of New York, from 1859 to 1871, inclusive.
YEARS.
Students.
Graduates.
YEARS.
Students.
Graduates.
1859..
29
4
1864..
11
2
1868...
19
1860..
23
9
1865.
21
4
1869..
19
•
1861
21
1866..
25
3
1870..
7
1862...
10
1
1867....
36
10
1871..
S
1
1863.
6
2
YEARS.
Students.
Graduates.
224
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
School of
Design.
Freshmen.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation in the Departments of
Arts and Science in the University of the City of New York.
UNDERGRADUATES.
GRADUATES.*
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total.
A. B.
B. S.
1837.
153
15
1838.
122
12
22
1839+
28
56
27
1840..
27
18
18
18
81
15
1841.
51
33
22
16
122
15
1842.
32
43
34
26
135
23
1843.
30
35
46
34
151
31
1844.
34
36
29
44
143
• 40
1845.
33
38
34
26
131
21
1846.
37
30
34
34
135
32
·
1847..
39
42
31
34
146
30
1848.
33
45
41
32
151
30
1849.
32
30
40
31
135
32
1850..
1851.
1852.
22
31
28
34
115
31
13
22
25
29
89
22
•
21
14
17
23
75
21
•
1853..
14
18
20
11
16
65
11
1854.
14
12
17
18
16
63
12
1855.
15
16
18
16
16
66
12
621
5
1856.
23
32
26
20
18
96
12
1857.
39
31
22
17
.109
14
1
1858...
10
37
28
21
20
106
12
3
1859
18
31
28
25
19
103
13
3
1860.
13
32
35
21
20
100
17
2
1861.
15
25
38
24
17
104
11
2
•
1862.
12
26
25
24
28
103
19
•
1863.
12
48
23
21
26
115
20
1
1864.
13
13
29
22
24
102
11
1
•
1865...
14
24
26
26
17
93
9
1866.
9
15
29
19
20
83
15
1867..
14
15
14
17
60
6
34
1868.
8
19
18
14
12
63
1869.
7
25
20
15
16
76
1870.
8
26
34
14
17
91
1871.
10
33
27
42
26
128
1872.
14
28
28
15
33
104
1873.
13
45
36
25
15
121
79485
4
3
1
4
4
11
2
5
4
1
1874.
15
50
33
27
12
122
8
4
2
•
1875.
13
52
44
22
21
139
13
6
4
1
...
1876.
11
40
46
33
20
143
6
10
3
1877..
1878.
8
33
27
42
26
128
10
16
9
6
52
29
26
31
138
10
17
10
2
1879
1880
1881..
1882.
•
1883.
1884.
37
32
24
21
114
10
10
2
34
29
29
18
110
11
1
3
1
31
40
26
29
126
15
7
8
6
30
17
24
24
40
21
15
14
35
95
6
11
90
* In 1833 there were 3 graduates; in 1834, 9; in 1835, 14, and in 1836, 26.
+ Freshmen, Sophomore and Junior, 28, in about equal numbers.
Although the column of "A. M." is partly blank, it is not to be inferred that this
degree was not granted in the early years. The numbers are given as reported to the
Regents.
A. M. ‡
M. S.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 225
LIST OF CHANCELLORS AND OF PROFESSORS IN THE FACULTY OF
SCIENCE AND ARTS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW
YORK.
Chancellors.
Rev. James M. Mathews, D. D., 1821-39.
Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL. D., 1839-
50.
Rev. Gardiner Spring, D. D., ad interim,
1850-52.
Rev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., LL. D., 1852-70.
Rev. Howard Crosby, D. D., LL. D., 1870-81
Rev. John Hall, D. D., ad interim, 1881-
Evidences of Revealed Religion.
Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, D. D., 1832-33.
Rev. Cyrus Mason, D. D., 1836-50.
Intellectual and Moral
Rev. Courtlandt Van Rensselaer, 1837-38.
Rev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., LL. D., 1852-70.
Philosophy and Belles-Lettres.
Rev. Henry P. Tappan, 1832-38.
Rev. Caleb S. Henry, D. D., LL. D., 1838-
52.
Mathematics, Astronomy
Henry Vethake, LL. D., 1832-33.
Rev. Charles W. Hackley, D. D., 1833-38.
Benjamin F. Joslin, M. D., 1838-44.
William A. Norton, LL. D., 1833-38.
Rev. Benjamin N. Martin, D. D., L. H. D.,
1852-83.
Rev. Henry M. MacCracken, D. D., 1884–
and Natural Philosophy.
Elias Loomis, LL. D., 1844-66.
Charles Davies, LL. D., 1849-49.
George W. Coakley, LL. D., 1860-
Assistants.
Philip Melancthon W. Redfield, A. M., 1849-53.
David B. Douglas, LL D., 1832-53.
Richard H. Bull, Ph. D., 1853-
Charles B. Brush, M. S., C. E.,
Richard H. Bull, Ph. D., 1853.
Civil Engineering.
John Torrey, M. D., 1832-33.
Lewis C. Beck, M. D, 1834-38.
John W. Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1838-83.
Joseph G. Fox, C. E., 1866-70.
Arthur B. Spielmann, C. E.,
Chemistry.
Henry Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1883-83.
John J. Stevenson, Ph. D., 1883-
Analytical
Chemistry.
John C. Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1858.
Henry Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1862-83.
Albert H. Gallatin, M. D., 1883-
Natural History.
Lewis D. Gale, M. D., 1835-38.
Charles Brooks, 1838-44.
John J. Stevenson, Ph. D.,
1871-
Philosophy of Education.
Thomas H. Gallaudet, 1832-33.
Latin and Greek.
John Mulligan, 1832-33.
Tayler Lewis, LL. D., 1838-40.
Assistants.
Ebenezer Alfred Johnson, LL. D., 1838-40. Reuben Lowrie, A. M., 1851-52.
Greek and Oriental Languages.
Rev. Edward Robinson, D. D., LL. D., 1832-33.
Rev. John Proudfit, D. D., 1833-34.
Robert B. Patton, P. D., 1834-38.
Tayler Lewis, LL. D., 1840-49.
George C. Anthon, A. M., 1850-51.
Greek.
Rev. Howard Crosby, D. D., LL. D., 1852-
59.
Rev. Henry M. Baird, Ph. D., D. D., LL. D.,
1860.
29
226
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Charles D. Cleveland, 1833-34.
Rev. John Proudfit, D. D., 1834-38.
Rev. George Bush, D. D., 1832-46.
Isaac Nordheimer, P. D., 1839-40.
Charles L. Parmentier, 1832-41.
F. A. Giraud, 1841-56.
Theophilus D'Oremieux, 1856-63.
William Ernenpeutsch, 1832-38.
Isaac Nordheimer, P. D., 1840-42.
George J. Adler, A. M., 1844-54.
David Bendan, Ph. D., 1855-62.
Martin Schreibner, A. M., 1866-69.
Frank Welter, LL. D., 1873-73.
Paul Oeker, 1873-74.
Latin.
Ebenezer Alfred Johnson, LL. D., 1838-
Hebrew.
David Bendan, Ph. D., 1861-71.
Alexander Meyrowitz, A. M., 1871-
French.
Alphonse Wolf, M. D., 1862-65.
E. A. Legrand, 1869-69.
Charles E. DeGhent, A. M., 1869-71.
German.
Caspar J. Beleke, LL. D., 1862-65.
Herman Wrage, A. M., 1865-66.
Martin Schreibner, A. M., 1866-66.
Herman H. Raven, A. B., 1869-71.
French and German.
Charles Carroll, Ph. D., 1871-
Assistants.
Borden P. Bowne, LL. D., 1875-76.
>
Italian.
Lorenzo L. Da Ponte, 1832-40.
Feliz Foresto, 1842-56.
Vincenzo Botta, Ph. D., 1856-
Scandinavian Languages.
Paul D. Sinding, 1858-61.
Miguel Cabrera de Nevares, 1832-34.
Charles Rubadan, 1834-38.
M. Garbayo, 1840-42.
Julio Soler, 1842-48.
D. N. Botassi, 1876-
Spanish.
Francisco J. Vinguet, 1848-57.
Du Angel Hereros de Mora, 1860-69.
Louis F. Mantilla, A. M., 1869-78.
Modern Greek.
John N. Pomeroy, LL. D.,
Political Science.
Rev. E. H. Gillett, D. D., LL. D., 1869-75.
Charles D. Morris, A. M., 1875-76.
Samuel F. B. Morse, LL. D., 1832-
Thomas A. Cummings, N. A., 1844-67.
Henry P. Mott, Ph. D., 1876-81.
Isaac F. Russell, J. C. D., 1881-
Arts of Design.
T. Addison Richards, N. A., 1867-
Joseph A. Saxton, A. M., 1871-74.
THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF
NEW YORK.
This was organized in September, 1837, under the Rev. Cyrus
Mason, who was the first and only Rector. After that time the
school was not really connected with the University until about
1856, when it was made an integral part of that institution, and re-
mained so about fourteen years. It ceased when Dr. Crosby be-
came Chancellor in 1870. In its later years it had a Primary, a
Commercial and a Classical department.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 227
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW
YORK.
[Otherwise known as "The University Medical College."]
A Medical Faculty was organized by act of February 11, 1837,¹
but after inauguration, circumstances occurred which led to its dis-
solution January 11, 1839, before work had begun.' The greater
number of the Faculty then applied to Columbia College for the
organization of a Medical Department, but an adverse decision was
rendered through the influence of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons. A proposition was entertained of applying to the Legis-
lature for a charter, and the County Medical Society fully indorsed
this plan. Finally, through the efforts of Dr. Martyn Paine, who
had been 'chiefly instrumental in the original effort made in 1838,
the Trustees of the College of Physicians were induced to acquiesce
in an application for a charter; but in the meantime the Council of
the University decided to adopt the proposed institution as their
Medical Department. It began operations in 1841 with the follow-
ing Faculty:
Surgery -Professor Valentine Mott.
Chemistry Professor John W. Draper.
Anatomy — Professor Granville S. Pattison.
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children - Professor
Gunning S. Bedford.
Theory and Practice of Medicine - Professor John Revere.
Institutes of Medicine and Materia Medica - Professor Martyn
Paine.
These six Professors bought a large granite building on the west
side of Broadway, nearly opposite Bond street, kuown as the Stuy-
vesant Institute, and there continued instruction until 1851, when
they sold and built a large and costly edifice on Fourteenth street,
adjacent to the Academy of Music. In the spring of 1866, this was
burned, with several large and valuable collections, when the Fac-
ulty removed to one of the large stone buildings of the New
York Hospital, between Broadway and Church street, and between
Duane and Worth streets. In 1869, this property was sold for com-
mercial purposes, when they again moved to 426 East Twenty-sixth
¹Chap. 25, Laws of 1837.
"The reasons for this were published by the Faculty in the Journal of Com-
merce, January 23, 1839, one of the principal being their inability to agree upon
the use of rooms in the University building.
228
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
street, where a building had been erected for the College by the late
Courtland Palmer, at the instigation of Professor Paine. This soon
proved too small, and in January, 1879, it was purchased with the
view of enlargement; but this being found impracticable the premi-
ses now occupied at 410 East Twenty-sixth street were purchased.
The foundations were laid April 26, 1879, and the building was
ready for occupation at the beginning of the fall term of that year.
The College edifice is situated directly opposite the entrance to
Bellevue Hospital. The general lecture-room will seat five hundred
students, and every facility is provided for clinical and didactic in-
struction. The dissecting-room, containing an area of nearly three
thousand square feet, has been constructed with especial attention to
light and ventilation. There are three large chemical and philoso-
phical laboratories, which offer superior facilities for practical study
and investigation in these branches. In addition to these, there are
rooms containing a large museum, recitation-rooms, reading and
reception rooms. Ample provision has also been made for the
illustration of all modern devices and appliances in the diagnosis
and treatment of medical and surgical diseases.
The Collegiate year is divided into three sessions, the Preliminary
Winter Session, the Regular Winter Session and the Spring Session,
the design of the Faculty being to furnish instruction to medical
students throughout the year. Attendance on the Regular Winter
Session is required of each candidate for graduation. The Prelimi-
nary Term commences in September, and continues until the open-
ing of the Regular Session, which commences in October and con-
tinues to the latter part of February. The Post-graduate Course
consists of clinical lectures delivered during the Winter and Spring
Sessions by the several Professors of the Post-graduate Faculty, in
Bellevue and Charity Hospitals and in the College. After an attend-
ance of one Regular Session on these lectures any candidate, who is
already a graduate of a recognized Medical College, can obtain a
diploma-certificate, countersigned by the Chancellor of the Univer-
sity and the Dean of the Faculty of the Medical department, and by
four or more Professors of the Post-graduate Course, to the effect
that the candidate has passed an examination by them in their re-
spective branches of special medical instruction.
Prizes are awarded as follows: By the will of the late Dr. Valen-
tine Mott, a founder of this College, and for many years its President
and Professor of Surgery, perpetual provision was made for the fol-
lowing medals: A gold medal to the candidate who shall prepare
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 229
the best dried anatomical or anatomico-surgical preparation; a silver
medal to the second best of that description, and a bronze medal to
the candidate who shall furnish the best book of recorded cases and
remarks of the Professor of either of the Surgical Clinics.
The Faculty awards the following to members of the graduating
class: (1) A prize of $100 to the candidate who has received the
highest marks in the examination for the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine. (2) A prize for the best examination in Pathology and Prac-
tical Medicine. (3) A prize for the best examination in Materia
Medica and Therapeutics. (4) A prize for the best examination on
Physiology. (5) A prize for the best examination in Obstetrics.
(6) A prize for the best examination on Chemistry. (7) A prize
for the best examination on Surgery. (8) A prize for the best ex-
amination on Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine must have at-
tended two full courses of lectures the latter in the College.¹
Attendance and Graduation in the Department of Medicine in
the University of the City of New York.
YEARS
ENDING
-NI
1841.
239
1842.. 268
51
65
97
1843... 323
1844.. 378
1845.. 407 120
1846... 410 128
1847.. 421 120
1848.. 412 140
1849.. 404 142
308 117
1856..
307 106
1857.. 305 120
1858.. 320 127
1859.. 350 128
1860.. 411 142
1850... 411 111 1861. 314 124
1851.. 257 113 1862.
1852.. 280
1853.. 302 102
1854.. 303 117
97
•
1855
1863..
1864
1865.. 221
1866
186
55
1874.. 396
95
192
67
1875.. 385
95
66
1876.. 480
123
292 77
1877.. 475
157
•
•
186
85
1867
1868.
1869.. 227
1870.. 260
1871.. 251
1872.. 197
1873.. 217
260
74
1878..
509
152
220
82
1879.. 556
204
79
1880.. 609
204
72 1881.. 623
200
85 1882.. 575
213
3126
75 1883.. 528
65 1884.. 551
163
164
Total number of Graduates to 1884, inclusive, 4,682.
It will be seen from the above table, that the attendance during
the late war very greatly decreased. This was due to the with-
drawal of many Southern students. The medical staff of both armies.
was largely represented by the graduates of this College.
¹ Public Service of the State of New York, III, p. 298.
230
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
FACULTY OF MEDICINE.
[Professors of the Governing Faculty.]
Principles, Practice and Operations of Surgery.
Valentine Mott, M. D., LL. D., 1841-50.
Samuel D. Gross, M. D., LL. Ó., D. C. L.,
1850-51.
1
John Revere, M. D., 1841-47.
Alfred Charles Post, M. D., LL. D., 1851-75.
John T. Darby, M. D., 1875-79.
J. Williston Wright, M. D., 1879.
Theory and Practice of Medicine.
Samuel Henry Dickson, M. D., 1847-50.
Institutes and Practice of Medicine.
Elisha Bartlett, M. D., 1850-51.
Meredith Clymer, M. D., 1851-53.
John A. Swett, M. D., 1853-54.
John Thomas Metcalfe, M. D., 1854-66.
Alfred Lebbeus Loomis, M. D., LL. D., 1866-
Institutes of Medicine and Materia Medica.
Martyn Paine, M. D., LL. D., 1841-50.
Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
Martyn Paine, M. D., LL. D., 1850-67.
Wm. Hanna Thomson, M. D., LL. D., 1867-
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children.
Gunning S. Bedford, M. D., 1841-64.
Charles A. Budd, M. D., 1864-76.
J. Williston Wright, M. D., 1876-79.
William W. Polk, M. D., 1879-
General and Descriptive Anatomy.
Granville Sharp Pattison, M. D., 1841-51. William Darling, M. D., LL. D., F. R. C. S.,
William Holme Van Buren, M. D., LL. D.,
1852-66.
1866.
Physiology.
John William Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1850-67. J. W. S. Arnold, M. D., LL. D., 1874-82.
Henry Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1867-73.
Lewis A. Stimson, M. D., 1882-
Chemistry.
John William Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1841-65. John C. Draper, M. D., LL. D. 1865-
Otology.
Charles Inslee Pardee, M. D., 1874.
[Professors not of the Governing Faculty.]
Clinical Surgery.
William Holme Van Buren, M. D., LL. D.,
1851-52.
John W. S. Gouley, M. D., 1866-71.
Henry S. Hewit, M. D., 1872-73.
Stephen Smith, M. D., 1874-
Faneuil D. Weisse, M. D., 1874-
Joseph W. Howe, M. D., 1872-79.
Erskine Mason, M. D., 1875-76.
James L. Little, M. D., 1879-81.
Orthopedic Surgery.
Surgical Anatomy.
John T. Darby, M. D., 1874-75.
Pathological Anatomy.
Thomas M. Markoe, M. D., 1852-54.
Thomas C. Finnell, M. D., 1856-58.
Edward G. Janeway, M. D., 1871-72.
J. W. S. Arnold, M. D., LL. D., 1872-74.
Lewis A. Stinson, M. D., 1878-81.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 231
Ophthalmology.
Daniel B. St. John Roosa, M. D., LL. D., Herman Knapp, M. D., 1881-
1866-81.
Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System.
Gonzales Echeverria, M. D., 1869-77.
Wm. A. Hammond, M. D., LL. D., 1874-81.
Alexander E. Macdonald, M. D.,
1881-
Diseases of Children.
Diseases of Women and Children.
Joseph Kammerer, M. D., 1872-75.
Gynæcology.
Abraham Jacobi, M. D., 1867-70.
Fred. D. Lente, M. D., 1870-71.
Montrose A. Pallen, M. D., 1875-81.
John T. Metcalfe, M. D., 1852-54.
Diseases of the Chest.
Hygiene and Toxicology.
Benjamin W. McCready, M. D., 1852-53.
Henry D. Bulkley, M. D., 1853-53.
Faneuil D. Weisse, M. D., 1867-75.
Charles A. Lee, M. D., 1852-53.
John H. Anthon, 1859-61.
Louis Elsberg, M. D., 1868-80.
Diseases of the Skin.
Henry G. Piffard, M. D., 1874-81.
Medical Jurisprudence.
Alexander E. Macdonald, M. D., 1876-81.
Diseases of the Throat.
[Adjunct Professors.]
Institutes and Practice of Medicine.
Alfred L. Loomis, M. D., LL. D., 1864-67.
Anatomy.
John Wm. Severin Gouley, M. D., 1864-66.
Ambrose L. Ranney, M. D., 1879-81.
Surgery.
Erskine Mason, M. D., 1871-75.
Obstetrics.
Walter Roberts Gillette, M. D., 1872-76.
Physiology.
Henry Draper, M. D., LL. D., 1866-67.
Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
Charles Inslee Pardee, M. D., 1873-74.
Chemistry.
William Stratford, M. D., Ph. D., 1874-76.
Chemistry and Physiology.
Rudolph A. Witthaus, M. D., 1876-77.
Demonstrators of Anatomy.
John H. Whittaker, M. D., 1841-45.
William Darling, M. D., LL. D., 1845-53.
Charles E. Isaacs, M. D., 1853-58.
Thomas C. Finnell, M. D., 1858-59.
J. W. S. Gouley, M. D., 1859-61.
William R. Donaghe, M. D., 1861-64.
James F. Feeley, M. D., 1866-73.
Joseph E. Winters, M. D., 1873-
232
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
[University Lecturers.]
John H. Hinton, M. D., 1854-
George A. Peters, M. D., 1856-
Joseph W. Howe, M. D., 1868-72.
Walter R. Gillette, M. D., 1868-72.
Surgery.
Benjamin Howard, M. D., 1864-
Clinical Surgery.
Henry S. Hewit, M. D., 1968-72.
Venereal Diseases.
Frederick R. Sturgis, M. D., 1874-81.
Diseases of the Kidney.
William Beale Lewis, M. D., 1868-74.
Diseases of the Throat.
W. C. Jarvis, M. D., 1881
Medical Jnrisprudence.
Alexander E. Macdonald, M. D., 1874-76.
Minor Surgery.
J. Williston Wright, M. D., 1875-76.
Ambrose L. Ranney, M. D., 1876-79.
Franz Heuel, Jr., M. D., 1881-
Obstetrics.
Theodore Gaillard Thomas, M. D., 1855-65.
P. A. Morrow, M. D., 1882-
Robert Watts, M. D., 1874-
Godfrey Aigner, M. D., 1858-
Philip A. Aylett, M. D., 1854-61.
Dermatology.
Diseases of Women.
Medical Botany.
Laurence Johuson, M. D., 1880-
Physiology.
Diseases of Children.
Joseph E. Winters, M. D., 1881-
John H. Ripley, M. D., 1870-
DEPARTMENT AT LAW IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW
YORK.
In 1835 the Hon. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER, Attorney-General of the
United States, was invited by the Council of the University to
present a statement of his opinions upon the subject of establishing
a Scientific Law School in New York City. The plan suggested by
him having been very generally approved, a brief outline of its
leading principles was subsequently drawn up in the form of a letter
addressed to Chancellor Mathews, under date of May 29, 1835. On
the 2d of June following the Council fully approved of the plan,
and declared it adopted, subject to such modifications as might
thereafter be deemed advisable.
t
Although his official duties would not allow Mr. Butler to accept.
a Professorship at that time, it was thought that the advantages to
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 233
be derived from his services would justify some delay in their com-
mencement. The position was offered to him and accepted, to take
effect in March, 1837. This plan and the correspondence relating
to it were published in 1835.1 There was not at that time any
facilities offered in the State for acquiring a legal education, except
in the offices of practicing Attorneys. Law Lectures had been de-
livered by Mr. James Kent in Columbia College from 1793 to 1798,
and again after his retirement from the office of Chancellor, but
they had been discontinued for some years. Lectures upon particu-
lar branches of the law had also been delivered by members of the
Bar selected by voluntary associations.
Mr. Butler recommended a course of three years, and a division
of this branch into three separate Departments - the Senior, the
Junior and the Primary, to each of which a Professor should be
assigned the Principal Professor being the head of the Faculty,
and assigned to the Senior Class. Each Professor was to complete
his course in one year. But in order to bring the students into contact
with each other there was to be given a General or Parallel Course by
the Principal Professor to the three classes combined, his subjects
being those not embraced in the regular course. The subjects of
this General Course were to extend through three years so that
students would not hear them repeated. The topics to be presented.
in these courses of lectures were considered in detail, and to afford
an opportunity for the students to attend to the duties of law clerks.
in the offices of their Principals, the exercises of the School were all
to be had in the afternoon and evening.
Circumstances did not favor the organization of this Department
until fourteen years afterward; but in 1858-9 it was commenced,
and it has been continued without interruption to the present time.
The course is now so arranged that it can be completed in two
years; but the entire course is taught every year, new classes being
formed annually. Equivalent studies elsewhere are allowed, and
students may enter the advanced class if qualified. Lectures are
delivered every secular day except Friday (when Moot-Court is
held), and Saturday, and at each lecture the students are expected
to recite to the Professor, and to be questioned on one or more
points of the subject under consideration.
16.
Plan for the Organization of a Law Faculty and for a System of Instruction
in Legal Science in the University of the City of New York Prepared at the
request of the Council of said University by Benjamin F. Butler, Counsellor at
Law." New York, 1835, pp. 40.
30
234
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The scheme of studies embraces the History of the Law, Juris-
prudence, the Roman Law, International Law, and Municipal •
Law. To the various heads of Municipal Law, including Com-
mon Law, Equity, and Statute Law, much the larger portion of
the time and attention of the classes is necessarily given; the
design being, that the student shall get a comprehensive, and at
the same time a minute and exact view of all its principal topics,
and every subject prescribed for examination by the Rules of the
Supreme Court of New York is included in the course of Municipal
Law.
By the rules of the Court of Appeals, adopted May 4, 1882, a
clerkship of two years is required from College graduates, and of
three years from others. Two school years of eight months each,
at a Law School, are allowed to students not graduates as equiva-
lent to two years of clerkship, and three months of study in attor-
ney's office in vacation are allowed as a part of the remaining year
of clerkship, leaving only six months to complete the period.
Formerly students upon graduating at a Law School, were ad-
mitted to practice without further examination, but this law has
been repealed.
The Law School has but one term in a year, from the first of
October to the first Monday of June, with a recess at Christmas.
Instruction is given: (1) By text-books, read in course and re-
cited in class, with exposition, and by the study of topics from
the books. (2) By lectures by the Professors on topics not treated
in the text-books, or requiring fuller or more practical treatment.
(3) By lectures by leading members of the Bar, and (4) By Moot-
Courts held on Fridays, in the Law Library, by one of the Pro-
fessors, in which cases assigned to the students will be argued
before him on points prepared by the students.
Prizes are awarded at Commencement upon report of committees
of the Alumni Association of the Law School, and of the Law
Committee of the Council. The Law Library is large and well-
selected. The school is taught in the University building. Fees
for instruction, $100 a year.
HISTORY OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FORDHAM.
235
Attendance and Graduation in the Department of Law in the
University of the City of New York.
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Stu-
dents. ates.
Gradu-
YEARS
ENDING
STUDENTS.
Gradu-
ates.
IN
Junior. Senior.
Total,
1859.
56
8
1872.
10
24
34
22
1860...
70
24
1873.
9
26
1861
50
20
1874.
6
•
1862.
70
36
1875..
1863.
70
25
1876.
1864.
75
21
1877
23
722
48
36
1865
16
4
1878.
•
1866
25
12
1879..
23
1867
25
4
1880
14
1868.
25
11
1881.
12
1869
22
10
1882..
12
1870..
25
11
1883.
5
1871
8
1884.
6
HOHAZA O CANNO
35
27
26
32
22
55
40
58
59
82
40
63
76
90
45
57
45
57
34
39
19
23
IMAGNA OCANNN
33
40
76
43
25
15
FACULTY
OF LAW.
Benjamin F. Butler, LL. D., 1835-56.
David Graham, Jr., 1837-38.
William Kent, LL. D., 1838-40.
Anthony L. Robertson, 1838-58.
Thomas W. Clarke, LL. D., 1858-70.
Theodore Sedgwick, LL. D., 1858-59.
Levi S. Chatfield, 1858-59.
Peter Y. Cutler, 1858-62.
William B. Wedgwood, LL. D., 1858-
George H. Moore, LL. D., 1858-
Benjamin Vaughn Abbott, A. M., 1864-65.
John Norton Fomeroy, LL. D., 1865-70.
Henry E. Davies, LL. D., 1871-81.
E. Delafield Smith, A. M., 1871-77.
David R. Jaques, LL. D., 1871.
Charles F. Stone, A. M., 1871
Isaac F. Russell, D. C. L, 1881-
Aaron J. Vanderpoel, LL. D., 1882-
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FORDIIAM.
Incorporated April 10, 1846, with the usual powers of a Uni-
versity, and the right to confer degrees subject to the visitation of
the Regents, and to the general provisions of the Revised Statutes.
It is conducted by the Jesuit Fathers. The following description is
given in the work entitled "Public Service of New York" (III, 331).
"It is situated at Fordham, in a picturesque and healthy part of
New York county, and is easily accessible from the metropolis at all
hours and seasons. The buildings are spacious, thoroughly venti-
lated and supplied with modern conveniences. The Chemical Labora-
tory, the Philosophical Apparatus and the Cabinet of Natural
History occupy a separate building; considerable additions are made
yearly to this department. Besides the College Library, which con-
tains 20,000 volumes, there is a circulating Library of over 5,000
volumes, especially adapted to the needs of the students, and books
of reference are kept in the study hall for their use.
The grounds comprise more than 100 acres,' are well laid out for
College purposes, and are valued at $315,000; the buildings, in-
cluding those for the Preparatory Department as well as for the Col-
1 Chap. 61, Laws of 1846.
2105 acres.
236
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
lege, are valued at $250.000; the library, apparatus and other col-
lections, $40,600.
*
*
*
The instruction furnished by the College is of two kinds, Classical
and Commercial. The Classical Course is that usually provided in
American Colleges. The Commercial Course embraces the branches
of an English education. The first and second year includes
what is necessary for mercantile purposes. The third, fourth and
fifth years are intended for young men who seek the best education
that can be given without the study of Latin and Greek. At the
conclusion of the Classical Course, the degree of Bachelor of Arts is
conferred. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred, after a sat-
isfactory examination, on studies of the Post-graduate Course. The
scholarship of each student is determined by weekly competitions in
some branch of study, and by examinations. Medals, prizes and
honors are awarded at Commencement. For proficiency, these are
determined by the weekly competitions; for application and for
conduct, by the monthly standing; for scholarship in the similar
branches of study, by competitions held immediately before the an-
nual commencement. A gold medal, worth $50, is yearly awarded
to the best biographical essay on some eminent Catholic layman of
the present time, or of past ages. The prize originated with the
Most Rev. John Hughes, Archbishop of New York, and has since
been given every year by friends of the College. The Hughes
Medal, founded by Eugene Kelly, "to perpetuate the memory of
Archbishop Hughes," is open for competition to those members of
the graduating class who were not deficient in any department of
study at either of the general examinations."
The financial condition of this College was reported for the year
1883-4 as follows: Value of grounds, $315,000; Buildings and
furniture, $250,000; Library (22,800 volumes), $34,000. Educa-
tional Collections, $10,000. Invested in real estate, $24,000. Other
property, $31,203.08. Total, $664,203.08. Debts, $153,885.41.
Income from tuition, $13,500; other receipts from students, $57,-
193.64. From invested funds, $1,229.11; from other sources, $26,-
922.82. Total receipts, $98,845.57. Paid for salaries, $11,729.57;
Prizes and scholarships, $1,362.55; Gratuitous aid, $2,880; Im-
provement and repairs, $12,334.37; other expenses, $58, 379.92.
Total, $86,686.41.
FACULTY (As reported in 1883-4).
President - Patrick F. Dealy, S. J.
Dean-Rev. Patrick A. Halpin, S. J.
Registrar
•
Secretary
Edward McTammany, S. J.
Rev. N. Hanrahan, S. J.
1 By an act passed April 23, 1862 (Chap. 453), the real estate in actual occupa-
tion, with the buildings thereon, are exempt from tax by town or county for sup-
port of schools. ED.
HISTORY OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FORDHAM.
237
YEARS
ENDING
IN
Professor of Ethics, and Librarian -- Rev. Louis Quinn, S. J.
Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Rev. T. O'Leary, S. J.
Professor of Sciences, and Evidences of Religion - Rev.
Thomas J. A. Freeman, S. J.
Professor of Mathematics and History George A. Fargis, A. B.
Professor of Belles-Lettres - James P. Fagan, S. J.
Professor of Classics - John C. Chester, S. J.
Professor of English Belles-Lettres and French John C.
Keveney, A. B.
Professor of Music and German — Adolph Peterson.
Professor of Painting and Drawing-Stephen J. O'Shaughnessy.
Instructor in Elocution - J. E. Frobisher.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation at St. John's College,
Fordham.
UNDERGRADUATES.
Freshmen.
(Classics)
(Belles-
Lettres)
Juniors.
mores.
Sopho-
(Rhetoric)
Seniors.
(Philoso-
phy)
Total.
Graduates.
(A. B.)
Post-Gradu-
Resident or
ates.
School, Prepar-
atory and Infe-
rior Classes.
Grammar
1846..
70
75
1847.
51
4
91
1848...
12
25
16
1849....
18
14
19
1850..
22
17
15
201
10
63
8
72
15
63
9
102
14
68
9
119
1851..
63
15
149
1852...
55
7
146
1853....
49
7
144
1854..
8
11
9
11
39
11
147
1855.
15
10
7
13
45
13
119
1856..
17
15
13
6
51
6
140
1857...
26
12
12
11
61
5
147
1858....
17
16
10
6
49
6
135
1859.
13
14
14
6
47
6
115
1860...
11
9
13
10
43
14
111
. •
1861..
12
15
14
12
53
12
122
1862..
18
10
12
13
53
13
99
1863...
22
20
13
11
66
9
10
139
1864...
20
17
23
15
75
14
2
156
1865..
10
15
16
15
56
15
3
191
1866...
24
18
17
14
73
14
3
234
1867..
24
14
16
16
70
14
237
1868..
25
15
10
16
66
12
219
1869...
36
18
14
9
77
6
224
1870..
78
11
179
1871...
27
14
24
15
80
13
187
1872..
17
24
12
25
78
30
176
•
1873..
24
23
20
9
76
9
125
1874...
20
27
16
21
84
21
104
1875..
18
13
24
17
72
20
138
1876...
8
17
12
22
59
27
119
1877...
15
10
13
6
44
17
122
,1878..
15
14
10
13
52
20
134
1879..
13
12
14
10
1880.
15
10
10
1881...
18
9
10
1882..
24
11
1883*
30
18
10
#000
49
17
130
12
47
11
141
9
46
6
1
忄
​4
11
50
11
1
10
68
8
1
+
* Special, 1.
+ Not reported.
238
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORrk.
MADISON UNIVERSITY.
This institution located in the village of Hamilton, Madison
county, had its origin in a Seminary established by the "Baptist
Education Society of the State of New York," for the education of
young men for the Gospel ministry, May 26, 1820, and known for
a long period as the "Hamilton Literary and Theological Institu-
tion." As this institution was open toward the end to students
without reference to their intention of entering the ministry, we
have placed a notice of its organization with the Academic institu-
tions in another part of this volume. Although strictly a Baptist
Institute, it was open to young men of every denomination of Evan-
gelical Christians. Applicants were required to present testimonials
from the church to which they belonged, certifying the approbation
of the church in their entering upon a course of preparation for the
Gospel ministry.
The course of study was first arranged for four years. In 1831,
it was extended to six years, and in 1833 to eight, including an
Academic, a Collegiate and a Theological Department. As the in-
stitution had no right to confer degrees, an arrangement was made
with the Columbian College in Washington, D. C., by which the
degrees of "A. B." and "A. M." were conferred upon such young
men as had satisfactorily completed the course of studies in the
Collegiate department, and were recommended by the Faculty as
suitable candidates for such honors.¹
1
In 1840, its Trustees applied for a College charter, and the sub-
ject was reported favorably, but without further result. The appli-
cation was renewed in 1843, and again failed, it was alleged for the
want of a proper body to receive the charter. It was again attempted
in 1846, and on the 26th of March of that year, a law was passed,
entitled “An act to incorporate the Madison University." It named
2
1 ¹ Up to the date of the University charter, the "Hamilton Literary and Theo-
logical Institution" had sent out 184 Theological graduates, 229 Collegiate grad-
uates and about 700 besides, who had pursued a partial course of study of from
one to five years.
The degree of "Bachelor of Philosophy
Bachelor of Philosophy" was first conferred in 1856.
The Academic Department established in 1832, was afterwards known as the
"Grammar School of Madison University," and is now Colgate Academy."
2 Chap. 40, Laws of 1846.
3 Professor George W. Eaton, in an Historical address, notices an exceptional
feature in this act of incorporation. He says:
HISTORY OF MADISON UNIVERSITY.
239
twenty-seven Trustees,' defined their powers, and authorized the
Baptist Education Society to make such absolute or conditional ar-
rangement with them as it might deem proper, for the transfer of
its property to the University. The corporation was subject to the
general provisions of the Revised Statutes, so far as applicable, and
the University was made subject to visitation by the Regents.
The location was expressly fixed at Hamilton, and this point was
insisted upon in the question of removal as one of particular im-
portance. The transition from the "Hamilton Literary Institution"
to "Madison University," made in fact no great difference in the
operation of the institution, which had already for thirteen years, em-
braced a full collegiate course.
But there presently arose a most formidable danger to the Univer-
sity, in what is historically known as the "Removal Controversy." It
was proposed to transfer both the Collegiate and Theological de-
partments to Rochester; but after an exciting and protracted strug-
gle, in which an injunction from the courts was obtained by the friends
of Hamilton, the question was finally settled by the separate establish-
ment of Universities in Rochester. Several of the Professors and
a large number of students went off, and for a time Madison Uni-
•versity felt the effects of this struggle in diminished attendance and
financial embarrassment; but it soon recovered, and the feeling then
occasioned has long since died away. The denomination finds itself
provided with two Colleges and two Theological Seminaries instead
of one, and whatever rivalry may now exist, extends no further than
such as may be honorably claimed in the way of superior facilities
for a thorough education.²
"The Board of the Education Society, having charge of an institution ex-
panded to the largest scope for literary and scientific acquisitions, apply to the
State to create an independent corporation, invested with the amplest College
powers, with a prospective but direct view of making it available in some way
to their existing institution, and not for the creation of a new one."
'The first Trustees were Friend Humphrey, Seneca B. Burchard, William
Colgate, William L. Marcy, Palmer Townsend, William Cobb, Ira Harris,
Henry Tower, Nathaniel Kendrick, Alvah Pierce, Bartholomew T. Welch, Ed-
ward Bright, Jr., William R. Williams, Robert Kelley, Harvey Edwards,
Charles Walker, Smith Sheldon, Joseph Caldwell, John Munro, John N. Wilder,
George Curtiss, Elisha Tucker, Pharcellus Church, James Edmunds, Joseph
Trevor, Amos Graves and Alonzo Wheelock. They were a close corporation,
filling the vacancies that occurred in their Board by their own election, and with
the usual powers of a University corporation. Nine members were to form a
quorum for the transaction of business.
2 While this struggle was pending, an act was passed, April 3, 1848 (chap. 165),
210
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The following account of this Institution is given in a work en-
titled Public Service of New York, published in 1882:¹
"This University is located in a beautiful village near the geo-
graphical center of the State, and near the center of a network of
railways, which give easy communication with every part of thé
State." In its several forms it is sixty-one years old, having been
opened as a theological school in 1820, organized as a Seminary, Col-
lege and Academy in 1834, and chartered as a University'in 1846.
As a University it at once appropriated the patronage, faculty,
classes, alumni, and whatever of property and other resources there
then were in the "Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution."
Its early patronage was drawn not from New York only, but from
Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Ohio and Michigan. The sect that founded it was, at the time, weak
in educational advantages, but energetic and diffusive. It looked to
this school as its great hope, and on it concentrated its best offerings
and fervent prayers. This school was strictly indigenous, springing
up from the smallest of beginnings, brought from no foreign land,
borrowing its type from none then existing. It grew under the
pressure of an outward need and an inward zeal, and became the ex-
pression of a denominational sentiment. Free in its benefits to all,
it yet acknowledged its chief allegiance to those representative Bap-
tists who founded it. The times that gave birth to that enterprise
were eventful. The French power in the North had been broken.
by the combined arms of England and the Colonies; the Colonies
had become independent States, and now the second war with Eng-
land had closed with the Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814. The
country was stimulated by a new sense of freedom, and the Ameri-
can idea of independence and undisputed sovereignty in the western
world was, for the first time, having full scope. Emigration was
flowing west of the Hudson and carrying New England education,
religion and thrift over this State and, through it, into Western
States. One of these tides moved down the beautiful valley of
Chenango, and towns, villages, schools and churches sprang up along
its course. The Baptists had no College in the State of New York,
nor had they any schools for common education or for the education
of the ministry. And while no convention was called, and there
was no general concert of action, almost unconsciously the work be-
gan to grow.
In 1817, thirteen men met. They each gave one dollar, and these
authorizing a change of location to Syracuse, Rochester or Utica, unless those
interested in Hamilton raised $50,000 as an endowment before the second Tuesday
of August next, or gave a bond of $100,000 for the raising of that amount within
one year. See Memorial, praying for the repeal of this act, Senate Doc. 37, 1842,
Remonstrance against repeal, Senate Doc. 52, 1849, and Report on the bill relating
to Madison University, Assem. Doc. 111, 1848.
1 Vol. III, p. 309.
HISTORY OF MADISON UNIVERSITY.
241
thirteen dollars were the beginning of an endowment. Soon Dr.
Baldwin, of Boston, and thirty others gave two hundred and thirty-
eight volumes, and this was the beginning of the library. A room
was secured, and this was the beginning of the College buildings.
Two students came in poverty, Wade and Kincaid, and these were
the beginning of generations of students. Such beginnings did not
seem auspicious, but faith gave superhuman energy. This energy,
vitalized by the idea that Baptists must have an institution that
could furnish a complete education, gave unexpected development
and growth. The Alumni, most of whom have graduated from
some one of the courses-Academical, Scientific, Collegiate or
Theological, number about two thousand six hundred.
The first two students, Rev. Jonathan Wade, D. D., Rev. Eu-
genio Kincaid, D. D., and eighty others went out as foreign mis-
sionaries; twenty-one are counted as Presidents of Colleges, eighty-
eight Professors and Principals, sixty-three as Authors, Legislators
and Congressmen. The Alumni are found in all the professions,
but the largest number are ministers of the Gospel. One hundred
and thirty have been honored with the Doctorate from different Col-
leges and Universities.
The three schools have graduated about as follows: From the
Theological Seminary, 700; from the College or University, 850;
from the Academy or Grammar School, 1,050. The annual average
of male students in attendance is about as follows: In the Theolog-
ical Seminary, 38; in Colgate Academy, 102; in the College or
University, 100. One man only lives who can represent all of the
decades of student life in the institution-Kincaid, the first student
of the first class organized. The first class that took the full Col-
lege course of four years, and graduated in 1836, numbered twenty-
six, ten of whom are still alive, and eight of these now living have
been honored with the Doctorate. This class entered fifty years
ago. There have been four Presidents. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick,
the first, died September 11, 1848, being seventy-two years old. He
was elected in 1836, but was virtually President during the twenty-
eight years of his connection with the institution. He was easily
"Primus inter pares," and of natural right presided everywhere.
His influence was as far-reaching as his name. He had a command-
ing presence, a clear voice, an earnest look, and was truly eloquent.
Standing by Dr. Kendrick is Rev. Professor Daniel Hascall, who
came to Hamilton in 1812, and settled as Pastor of the Baptist
church. To him is accredited the original idea of a Seminary in
Hamilton. Dr. Kendrick, in 1816, became Pastor of the church at
Eaton. These two men supplemented each other and harmonized
in every good work. In 1820 when the school was opened, Hascall
became Professor of Languages, and Kendrick of Theology. Has-
call continued eighteen years and resigned, and Kendrick remained
till his death. Along with these men we find Hon. Jonathan Olm-
stead, Judge Samuel Payne, Deacon William Colgate, Hon. Seneca
31
242
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
B. Burchard, Judge James Edmunds, and others men ready at all
times for great sacrifices and great achievements.
In 1851 Professor Stephen W. Taylor, LL. D., was elected the
second President. He graduated at Hamilton College, had made
teaching his life work, had been from 1834 to 1836 Professor or
Principal of the Academy at this institution, had in the meantime
founded the University at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and, after the
settlement of the removal question, returned to Hamilton. He was
of the English type, square, strongly-built, methodical, firm of pur-
pose, a good organizer and strong executive officer. He was con-
nected with the University, in different posts of instruction, for
eighteen years, and left his mark on its history. He died January 7,
1856, at the age of sixty-five.
In 1856 Rev. George W. Eaton, D. D., LL. D., was elected the
third President. In mind and body he was cast in a large mould.
He was a natural orator. In memory, imagination and description
he was masterly. A scene once before him, he could reproduce with
all the freshness and vividness of the reality. His religious emo-
tions and convictions were strong, and constituted the underlying
current of his life. He was connected with the University in dif-
ferent capacities-as Professor of Mathematics, of History, of
Philosophy, of Theology, and as President for forty years, and
died August 3, 1872, at sixty-eight years of age.
The fourth and present President is Rev. Ebenezer Dodge, D. D.,
LL. D., elected in 1868. He has been connected with the Univer-
sity twenty-seven years as Professor of the Evidences of Christianity,
of Metaphysics, of Biblical Interpretation, of Theology, and as
President. He graduated from Brown and Newton, and has earned
a reputation as scholar, teacher and author that places him among
the best thinkers of the age.
Some of those who have been connected with the Faculty in past
years deserve mention. Dr. Barnas Sears, the Secretary of the
Peabody Fund,' and former President of Brown; Dr. Thomas J.
Conant, a well-known exegete and translator; Dr. A. C. Kendrick,
a Greek scholar and author, have helped to make Madison Univer-
sity, and have been made by it. Dr. John H. Raymond and Pro-
fessor J. F. Richardson, the one President of Vassar, and the other
Professor of Latin in Rochester, now both deceased, were former
Professors in Madison. The financial condition of Madison Uni-
versity is somewhat complicated. It should be noticed that since
1846, two corporations have had a hand in the enterprise.
"The Baptist Education Society," for twenty-seven years, had the
sole responsibility and management. For the last thirty-four years
"The Madison University "has had the same in all except the nom-
ination of Theological Professors, and the support of needy young
men for the ministry. All the salaries and running expenses of all
the three schools fall upon "The Madison University."
1 Since deceased.
HISTORY OF MADISON UNIVERSITY.
243
The annual income needed for this corporation is about $40,000,
the salaries alone being $30,000. When the University was char-
tered it had no property. It had none in 1850, on the adjustment
of the removal controversy. It had only about $52,000 in 1864,
when the war of the Union closed.
Without a hired agency, the most quiet and energetic measures
were prosecuted to fill the treasury. The old policy of borrowing
and paying was set aside, and the University put upon the most
rigid cash system.
For seventeen years, by assistance from liberal donors, the Uni-
versity has each year essentially balanced its accounts, drawing noth-
ing from endowment funds. No pledges were counted or even re-
ported, till they were turned into cash or its equivalent. The pro-
gress has not been rapid, but of steady growth.
In round numbers, the endowment fund has stood in 1864,
$62,000; in 1865, $121,000; in 1868, $177,000; in 1870, $255,000;
in 1874, $304,000; in 1876, $405,000; in 1881, $480,000; without
debt. The unproductive property-buildings, grounds, Library.
Museum, Apparatus, President's house, which have come of gifts
within the last sixteen years amount to $120,000 more, making
the whole sum raised since the war, $600,000. These figures are
independent of the Education Society's funds, for scholarships,
beneficiaries and agencies."
There are two courses of study in this University; the Classical,
requiring four years, and the Scientific of three years; the former
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the latter to the de-
gree of Bachelor of Science. Those taking a partial course are
entitled to a certificate of standing and attainments.
The total value of property belonging to this institution is given
for the year ending June 21, 1882, at $673,059, of which $120,000
was invested in buildings and grounds, $29,000 in educational col-
lections, $515,509 in invested funds, and $8,550 in other property.
The receipts for the previous year had been $3,775.16 from
tuitions, $31,930.52 from invested funds, and $5,570.79 from other
sources. The sum of $23,400 had been paid for instruction, $4,846
for prizes and scholarships, $1,435.86 for improvements and repairs,
and $11,034.61 for other purposes.
Tuition is $30 per annum; room rent, $9; incidental expenses,
$8; sacred music, $1. Total, $48.
244
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York
YEARS
ENDING IN
Statistics of Madison University.
STUDENTS.
Total.
A. B.
GRADUATES.
B. S.
1847...
43
43
28
1848
25
44
31
1849.
26
22
34
1850.
12
19
12
2222
136
18
17 117
16
29 111
17
32
75
30
1851.
16
15
6
4
41
3
1852.
24
19
10
7
60
6
1853.
38
30
19
11
98
9
1854.
39
34
24
16
113
15
1855..
17
36
37
47
137
19
1856,
35
40
30
27
132
27
1857.
29
36
34
24
123
.21
1858.
40
26
30
23
119
23
1859.
28
34
17
21
100
20
1860.
31
27
31
16
105
16
1861.
30
18
29
24
101
22
2
1862.
25
23
17
18
83
18
1863..
22
23
12
13
70
14
1864.
18
17
21
13
69
9
1865..
12
17
18
23
70
17
1866
15
12
13
18
58
10
1867
19
13
7
10
49
10
•
1868..
25
18
10
9
62
9
1869..
21
16
14
10
61
10
1870.
48
24
14
14
100
11
1871..
26
44
24
11
105
9
1872.
34
24
40
16
114
17
1873.
20
31
23
38
112
38
1874..
28
25
18
31
102
23
1875.
··
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881..
1882..
1883.
25
22
14
27
88
27
26
24
20
17
87
19
30
18
21
19
88
21
17
21
22
16
76
17
41
12
21
19
93
20
or w
3
34
26
13
12
88
12
5
25
25
27
13
95
13
10
11
280
26
19
22
19
96
19
30
32
21
16 100
15
322
*Not reported to Regents for many years.
Total number of Graduates from the beginning, 884.
FACULTY (1884).
President and Professor of Metaphysics - Ebenezer Dodge,
D. D., LL. D.
—
Dean, and Professor of Greek Language and Literature — N.
Lloyd Andrews, Ph. D.
Secretary and Professor of Logic - Alexander M. Beebe, D. D.
Professor (Emeritus) of Hebrew and Latin - Philetus B. Spear,
D. D.
Professor of Physical Sciences - Lucien M. Osborne, LL. D.
Professor of Civil History, English Literature and Oratory -
John James Lewis, A. M.
9
4
A. M.*
HISTORY OF GENESEE COLLEGE.
245
Professor of Pure Mathematics-James M. Taylor, A. M.
Lecturer on Natural History-Walter R. Brooks, D. D.
Bleecker Professor of Moral Philosophy — William Hale May-
nard, D. D.
Professor of Latin and Modern Languages –– Charles Gardiner,
A. B.
Librarian-S. Burnham, A. M.
GENESEE COLLEGE.
This College was incorporated by act of February 27, 1849,¹ and
established upon the premises of the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary,
at Lima. This Seminary had been founded some sixteen years be-
fore, under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal denomination,
and had been one of the largest and most prosperous Academies in
the State.
The act of incorporation allowed the College to have an income
of not over $10,000 a year, empowered it to confer the usual col-
legiate degrees, and made it subject to visitation by the Regents.
None of the funds of the corporation could be used for theological
or other purposes excepting those set forth in the act. The Trus-
tees were to be classified and a portion elected by the Genesee and
East Genesee Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The
Trustees were required to organize within three years, and they were
empowered to purchase, lease, take and hold any property of the
"Genesee Wesleyan Seminary," with the consent of its Trustees,
who were authorized to convey.
2
On the 15th of April, 1854, the sum of $3,000 was appropriated
annually, for two years. A similar act was passed March 31, 1856,"
for that year and the next. By the latter act, the Trustees were re-
quired to issue to the Superintendent of Public Instruction one free
scholarship for every $300 received, to be given by him, and at his
discretion, to students selected from any part of the State, prefer-
ence being given to those distinguished for ability and attainments
in the common schools, and to those recommended by Trustees or
Boards of Education.
Under these statutes, a College was commenced in the Seminary
buildings, but without interrupting the former academic school, or
any change in its name.
The first report to the Regents was made for the year ending in
1850. The Trustees had established the following professorships:
1
1. Greek Language and Moral Philosophy.
3
¹ Chap. 52, Laws of 1849. 2 Chap. 319, Laws of 1854. Chap. 69, Laws of 1856.
246
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
2. Mathematics and Civil Engineering.
3. Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
4. Latin and Modern Languages and Literature.
5. Natural Philosophy and Astronomy.
6. Law.
Many changes occurred in the organization of the Faculty. The
Law Department was first assigned to the Hon. Frederick Whittle-
sey, but his death occurred the next year, and the vacancy thus oc-
casioned was not filled.
Upon the establishment of Cornell University, April 27, 1865, in
appropriating for its use the College Land Grant, forming a part of
its endowment, a condition was inserted, requiring Mr. Ezra Cornell
to pay to the Trustees of Genesee College, within six months, the
sum of $25,000 to establish a professorship of Agriculture. This
was done, but an equal sum was afterward given to the funds of
Cornell University to make up the deficiency thus occasioned. The
College continued in operation about twenty-two years, and during
the middle part of this period, it enjoyed a moderate degree of
prosperity. It admitted both sexes to an equal enjoyment of its
privileges. Visitors were appointed by the Genesee, East Genesee,
Black River, Oneida and Wyoming Conferences, and reports were
made by them to these bodies. But the location being off from a
main thoroughfare of travel was found inconvenient, and after a
few years, the attendance steadily declined to not more than a third
of what had been reported, and the question of removal, or of the
transfer of patronage, began to be discussed about 1867. This finally
led to an act passed April 14, 1869,' entitled "An act to remove
Genesee College, and to provide for the separation of its affairs from
the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary."
Under this act, the Trustees were authorized to remove from Lima
to Syracuse or vicinity, upon filing with the Secretary of State a cer-
tificate signed by two-thirds of the Trustees, and whenever $200,000
had been added to the endowment fund, in cash or its equivalent,
without including grounds or buildings. The College Trustees
might contract with the Trustees of the Seminary, and be released
from obligation of maintenance. Real estate and furniture might
be conveyed to the Seminary, and the mode of division was specified.
This removal, or rather the formation of a new institution, and
the transfer of patronage to it was finally effected, against the pro-
test and opposition of parties interested in the former location, and
1 Chap. 192, Laws of 1869, Minority Report upon removal. Assem. Doc. 99, 1869.
HISTORY OF GENESEE COLLEGE.
247
led to the establishment of the Syracuse University. The last re-
port from Genesee College was made for the year 1871, in which the
attendance was given as 49, and one student graduated.
There were still questions relating to the fulfillment of obligations
by the College, with respect to Scholarships and the ownership of
property, and to adjust these, an act was passed February 6, 1875,
enabling the parties to settle their respective rights. The Seminary
contracted to fulfill certain obligations as to scholarships, and re-
tained the $25,000 which had been withdrawn from the College
Land Grant of Cornell University, with the obligation carried with
it of maintaining a chair of Agriculture in its Faculty.
During the continuance of this College, the following persons
served as President:
Rev. BENJAMIN F. TEFFT,
Rev. JOHN MORRISON REED,
Rev. JOSEPH CUMMINGS,
Rev. JOHN W. LINDSAY,
Rev. DANIEL STEELE (Acting).
Statistics of Attendance and of Graduation in Genesee College.
UNDERGRADUATES.
YEAR.
Seniors.
Juniors.
Sophomores.
Freshmen.
1850..
1851...
1852.
or w
3
57
15
26
5
14
1853
3
14
19
1854..
9
10
16
1855..
4
8 17
1856.
38
23
16
1857.
18
13
27
1858..
1859.
9
24
35
PONPONON BE
17
42 78
27 38
24
80
38
9
86
APHODNO
37
84
60
65
67
36
94
15
526 LO
5
14
14
68 136
8
6
1860..
22
21
41.
56 140
22
10
1861..
17
28
32
60 137
13
5
1862
20
23
36
63
142
19
4
1863..
16
9
26
54
105
15
2
1864....
9
14
43
47
113
8
4
1865..
16
19
33
34
102
15
9
1866..
22
14
20
32
88
19
3
1867
1868.
10
13
25
36
84
10
3
•
14
10
25
30
79
11
4
1869..
13
10
13
34
70
18
8
1870..
11
5
21
21
58
13
5
1871.
9
7
12
12
21
49
1
Total.
Graduates.
ous causes.
Left for vari-
248
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
This institution is one of the results of an effort made in 1845-6
to secure the incorporation of the "Hamilton Literary and Theo-
logical Institution," as a College, and its removal from Hamilton to
some more western place.
“Madison University" was incorporated in 1846, and had the
advantage of a full College course already in operation, wanting
only the authority for granting degrees. It had the prestige of a
quarter of a century's history as the seat of the only Baptist Semi-
nary in the State, and many earnest and influential friends.
1
The advocates for removal procured from the Legislature, on the
8th of May of the same year, a charter for the " University of Roch-
ester," subject to certain conditions. The removal was authorized
by law, voted for by the Trustees, and approved by a Convention
of Baptists at Albany in 1849; but the friends of Hamilton pro-
cured an injunction from the courts, which finally put an end to the
attempt at removal.
>
The act of 1846 failed, by reason of non-fulfilment of the condi-
tions within the time prescribed; but a charter was obtained from
the Regents, January 31, 1850, with a proviso, requiring the sum
of $130,000 to be subscribed within two years for its establishment,
whereof $30,000 was to be invested in land and buildings, and
$100,000 in permanent endowment. On the 2d of December, 1850,
it was proved to the Regents that suitable buildings had been pro-
vided, and that funds to the amount of $100,000 had been "paid
or received to be paid by valid subscription of responsible parties.'
It is said that all but about five per cent of this subscription was
promptly paid, and that nothing was paid for agents until $80,000
had been secured.
""
A charter still subject to some conditions was granted February
14, 1851.
These efforts were made chiefly by the Baptists. The subscrip-
tions were, however, liberally assisted by citizens of western New
York, without regard to denomination, and the College itself has
1 This act briefly stated the objects to be the promotion of education, and the cul-
tivation and advancement of Literature, Science and the Arts. It named twenty
persons as first Trustees, located the institution in Rochester, placed it under the
visitation of the Regents, and required it to report to them annually. Unless a
school for instruction in Literature and Science was established within three
years, with at least two Professors, besides the Chancellor or President, the act
was to be void.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
249
never been rigidly sectarian in its management, or in the course of
instruction that has been followed. A majority of its Board of
Trustees are Baptists,' and they elect their own successors."
A building, formerly "the United States Hotel," on West Main
street, was purchased and fitted up for present use, and the first
classes were organized on the first Monday of November, 1850. Of
its first Faculty, Professor A. C. Kendrick, D. D., Professor John
F. Richardson, A. M., and Professor John H. Raymond, A. M.
(afterward President of Vassar College), had been employed at
Hamilton, and resigned their positions there, to accept the same in
this College. The remainder of the first Faculty were Professor
Chester Dewey, D. D., who had long been devoted to educational
and scientific pursuits in Rochester, E. Peshine Smith (since Inter-
preter of International Law at the Court of Japan), and Albert H.
Mixer, then Tutor and since Professor of Modern Languages.
Many of the students from Madison University joined the Uni-
versity of Rochester, and the first catalogue, for 1850-51, showed
an attendance of 74.9
On the 27th of September, 1850, the Hon. Ira Harris, of Albany,
was elected Chancellor, and in this capacity presided at Commence-
ments until the election of the Rev. Martin B. Anderson, LL. D.,
of New York, in 1853, as President. He entered upon his duties
in the fall of 1853, and has since remained.
In July, 1853, a gift of eight acres of land, valued at $10,000,
was received from the Hon. Azariah Boody, forming the present
site of Anderson and Sibley Halls.
The fulfilment of pecuniary conditions imposed by the Regents
1 Twenty of the twenty-four Trustees first named were of this denomination.
2 ‹‹ Prominent among the early friends of the University stood John N. Wilder,
Pharcellus Church and Oren Sage, of Rochester, William L. Marcy, Ira Harris
and Friend Humphrey, of Albany, William R. Williams, Sewall S. Cutting, and
Robert and William Kelley, of New York. With these names may properly be
associated that of William N. Sage, who has from the first had charge of the
finances of the University, and has contributed more effectually than any other
man save its first and only President." (Baptist Encyclopædia, 1881, p. 1006.)
* The sudden rise of this University afforded Ralph Waldo Emerson the occa-.
sion for citing this as an illustration of Yankee enterprise → saying, that
saying, that “a land-
lord in Rochester had an old hotel which he thought would rent for more as a
University, so he put in a few books, sent for a coach-load of Professors,
bought some philosophical apparatus, and by the time green pears were ripe,
had graduated quite a large class of students."
t.
32
250
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
not being effected, an extension was obtained February 5, 1856, and
the conditions were removed January 10, 1861.'
On the 7th of March, 1857, the Legislature granted $25,000 to-
ward a new building, provided an equal sum were added. This
requirement was promptly met by Gen. John F. Rathbone, of Al-
bany, who gave $25,000 for a Library Fund.
The plans for the University building submitted by A. R. Esty,
of Boston, were adopted September 14, 1859, and the building was
erected at a cost of about $39,000.
It was completed and first occupied July 9, 1861, under the name
of ANDERSON HALL.
This is a plain and substantial building, 60 by 150 feet in size,
three stories high, and designed chiefly for recitation-rooms, although
it has been temporarily used also for chapel, cabinet and laboratory.
Sibley Hall, the gift of Hon. Hiram Sibley, of Rochester, a
strictly fire-proof building, designed for the library, and affording
shelf-room for 250,000 volumes. It is 60 by 125 feet, with a pro-
jection 20 feet square in the centre of the front. It has but two
floors, although the walls are 50 feet high. It is built of brown
stone, with white trimmings, cost about $100,000, and was opened
to the public in 1878. It also contains the cabinet collected by
Professor Henry A. Ward, and purchased in 1862 by citizens of
Rochester for $20,000. The magnitude and value of these collec-
tions have been conceded by competent judges, as surpassed by very
few, and in some respects by none in America. It contains over
40,000 carefully selected specimens in the various departments of
¹ As the summary of the condition of the funds at that period has historical in-
terest, we present the principal items:
On the 1st of July, 1860, the University of Rochester held in bonds
and mortgages,
In real estate, in College building,
In real estate in city of Rochester,
In new College building, unfinished,
In cash to be applied to new building,
In stocks,
In bills receivable,
In subscriptions still due,
In Library, Apparatus, Cabinet and furniture,
ļ
Total,
$54,774 39
16,000 00
17,500 00
24,763 60
11,123 37
1,215 62
36,616 92
32,386 33
10,410 55
$204,790 78
Besides this, there were other reliable assets, more than enough to pay all lia-
bilities.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
251
Science. The mineral collection contains about 5,000 specimens.
There is a cabinet of Archæology,' and a cabinet of Art.
The library is open daily excepting Sundays, and is accessible for
reading but not for lending to the general public. It contains over
20,000 volumes. The library of the Rochester Theological Seminary,
containing 19,000 volumes of quite a different class of books, is also
freely accessible to students of the University. The fund of $50,-
000 given by Gen. John F. Rathbone and Lewis Rathbone is in-
vested for the maintenance and increase of the Library.
A building has been erected upon the University grounds, for the
use of the Trevor telescope. This instrument is mounted equator-
ially, and is used for instruction. It has an object glass of six inches
aperture, and is provided with right ascension and declination circles.
For several years a special course of instruction in chemistry has
been provided, and quite recently a Chemical Cabinet has been ar-
ranged near the Chemical Lecture Room in Anderson Hall, with
samples of the raw and manufactured articles, illustrating the appli-
cation of chemical processes to the industrial arts.
The number of students in Analytical Chemistry has been as fol-
lows:
YEARS.
Number.
1870.
1871
1872..
1873..
1874
97479
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
1875.
13
1880....
1876..
21
1881.
1877.
10
1882..
1878.
1879..
19 1883.
11 1884.
11
21
22
12
21
Two courses of instruction are arranged in this institution the
Classical and the Scientific; the former leading to the degree of
"A. B.," and the latter to "B. S." Students suitably prepared may
enter for instruction in particular studies, and upon leaving they re-
ceive certificates of the work faithfully performed.
This University has no Preparatory Department, and no dormitories
for students. It has no organic connection with the Rochester
Theological Seminary, nor has it as yet any Departments of Law,
-
1 This contains a small but well-authenticated collection of flint and bronze in-
struments from the drift region of Abbéville and St. Acheal, in France, a choice
collection of stone implements from the vicinity of Copenhagen, and a collection
of North American implements, with numerous specimens of pottery from the
tombs of the Incas.
252
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Medicine or the applied sciences other than its excellent arrange-
ments for the study of Chemistry, above noticed.
1
2
Scholarships-Forty Scholarships are provided for free tuition of
candidates for the Baptist Ministry; twelve for graduates of the
Rochester City Schools; four for graduates of the Brockport Nor-
mal School; and thirteen others for students not in these classes."
The University has a fund of $50,000, the gift of John H. Deane
of New York, the interest of which is available for the assistance of
the sons of Baptist ministers, preference being given to those from
New York and New Jersey. "In point of fact tuition is remitted
to every student of promise who really needs such remission, and
the number who do need it is about one-third of the whole number
in attendance.” ³
Post-graduate Scholarship -The University has received from
Isaac Sherman, Esq., of New York, the sum of $5,000, as a perma-
nent endowment for a Post-graduate Scholarship in the Department
of Political Economy, and John P. Townsend, of New York, has
pledged an equal amount for a similar Scholarship in the Depart-
ment of Constitutional Law, and the History of Political Institu-
tions. These Scholarships will be awarded to members of the
graduating class, who shall, during the last term of the Senior year,
pass the best and second best examinations respectively, on some
French Treatise on Political Economy, and some German Treatise
on Political History, to be designated by the Faculty. The sum of
$150 will be paid to each of the successful competitors at graduation,
and $150, if within two years after graduation he present to the
Faculty a thorough and exhaustively written dissertation on some
specially assigned economic or political theme.
Prizes- The University distributes about $300 a year in prizes,
the most important of which is the Stoddard medal, valued at $300,
for proficiency in Mathematics. The Dewey Prizes for Declama-
tion (first and second) are paid from the income of bequest of $500
made by the Rev Dr. Beadle of Philadelphia, a pupil and friend of
1 Baptist Encyclopædia, p. 1004.
"These were founded through the generosity of John H. Deane of New York,
and are named “The David Burbank Scholarships," in honor of a former Prin-
cipal of the Brockport Normal School.
¹³ These are the Isaac Davis Scholarship ($60 a year) and the income of $1,000
from funds given by Abram Sheldon of Adams Centre; Elias Johnson, of Troy ;
Alanson J. Fox, of Painted Post; W. C. Bronson, of the same; Henry A. De-
Land, of Fairport; Byron E. Huntley, of Brockport; Mrs. Ann F. Waters (5) of
Brooklyn, and Nathan and Calvin Huntington, of Rochester.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
253
Dr. Chester Dewey. It is offered to members of the Sophomore
class.
In a historical account of this University, published in 1881, the
following review of its vicissitudes is given:
"Still it has passed through many periods of adversity, during
which its very existence seemed imperiled; and those periods of ad-
versity have corresponded very closely to our periods of national de-
pression and gloom. In 1856, when the University was but six years
old, its students numbered 163, and it seemed destined speedily to
take rank with institutions that could boast of a century's growth.
Then came the financial crisis of 1857, attended by pecuniary em-
barrassment for the University, and a diminution of its Freshman
Class from 47 to 28 in 1858. In 1860, the University seemed to
have measurably recovered its lost ground. The entering class num-
bered 45, and the whole number of students was 168. Then came
the civil war. The first two years' regiment raised in New York to
recruit the Union army was raised and commanded by Professor
(afterward General) Quinby. Of the 198 Alumni of the University
(including the class of 1861), 25, or about one in eight, entered the
service, and these were speedily joined by 29 of the lower classmen.
Three undergraduate members of the University and seven of its
Alumni died of wounds or disease in the service of their country,
and their names are commemorated by a memorial tablet in the Uni-
versity chapel. So far as is known, only one graduate of the Uni-
versity entered the Confederate army; and he was faithful to the
cause he had espoused, and sealed his devotion by his death. Not
only were the classes of the University, but the classes of the Pre-
paratory Schools on which it relied for students thus depleted by the
civil war, and a tendency was developed among the young men of
the country toward active rather than student life which has hardly
yet been outgrown. As a natural consequence the entering class
fell as low as 19 (in 1864), and the whole number of students as
low as 100 (in 1866). With the return of peace there was a
gradual increase in the number of students, however, until, in 1873,
when the Freshman class included 53, and the whole number of
students in attendance was 173. It was not long before the'financial
distress of the nation again interfered with the pecuniary prosperity
of the University, and sensibly diminished the number of its stu-
dents, who, in 1878, were only 146, though there are cheering indi-
cations of returning prosperity.¹
The Treasurer's statements of the affairs of the University of
Rochester to June 3, 1884, show the following financial condition:
Funds, Scholarships, etc.
1 General Fund Account...
2 John B. Trevor Fund..
¹ Baptist Encyclopædia, p. 1006.
$180, 067 12
105, 000 00
254
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
3 Hiram Sibley Building Fund...
4 Rathbone Library Fund.
•
5 John H. Deane Professorship Fund.
6 David Burbank Scholarship Fund...
7 John H. Deane Scholarship Fund.
8 Tracy Harris Professorship Fund...
9 J. F. Wyckoff Centennial Fund..
10 Gideon W. Burbank Professorship Fund.
11 Ward Cabinet Fund
12 Free Tuition Fund.
13 John Munroe Professorship Fund.
14 Joseph B. Hoyt Fund...
15 William Kelly Fund.
16 Charles Pratt Fund..
17 James B. Colgate Fund
18 Jeremiah Millbank Fund..
19 John D. Rockerfeller Fund.
20 Anderson Alumni Fund..
21 Stillman Witt Fund..
22 Ira Harris Fund..
23 Isaac Sherman Scholarship.
24 Mrs. Ann E. Waters Scholarship
25 Isaac Davis Prize Fund..
26 Isaac Davis Scholarship..
27 John F. Stoddard Prize Medal..
28 Chester Dewey Prize Fund
29 Abram Sheldon Scholarship
30 Elias Johnson Scholarship
31 Alanson J. Fox Scholarship
32 William C. Bronson Scholarship
33 Henry DeLand Scholarship...
34 N. & C. Huntington Scholarship.
35 Byron C. Huntley Scholarship.
36 Robert H. Hull Senior Prize.
37 President's Loan Fund..
Total...
Debts, salaries and prizes not paid..
•
•
•
$100,000 00
50, 000 00
45,500 00
4, 500 00
50,000 00
30, 000 00
20, 000 00
20,000 00
20, 500 00
40, 000 00
15,000 00
25, 000 00
25,000 00
25,000 00
20, 000 00
25, 000 00
25, 000 00
10, 558 06
10, 000 00
6, 000 00
5, 000 00
5, 000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,500 00
500 00
1,000 00
1, 000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
2,548 00
$876, 673 18
$4,800 00
Investments and Assets of the University of Rochester.
1 Real Estate Account, buildings, lands and im-
provements..
•
2 Cabinet and Cabinet Cases.
3 Library, about 21,360 books.
4 Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus.
•
5 Art Gallery Department, with eighty-five Histori-
cal Engravings, etc...
6 Natural History Department..
7 Invested in Bonds and Mortgages.
$325, 180 68
44, 516 62
43, 940 37
10, 056 31
8,588 78
902 18
149, 928 97
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
255
8 30 Kemble Coal and Iron Company's Bonds.....
9
8 Rochester City Bonds....
•
$30, 000 00
8, 000 00
30, 000 00
10 30 Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. Bonds.
11 20 St. Paul and Sioux City R. R. Bonds.
12 25 Wisconsin and Minnesota R. R. Bonds.
13 25 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. Bonds.
14 10 Indianapolis and St. Louis R. R. Bonds...
15 5 Chicago and Atchison Bridge Co. Bonds..
16 42 Rochester City and Brighton R. R. Bonds
($500)
17 10 Northern Central R. R. Bonds.
18 5 St. Paul, Minn. and Manitoba R. R. Bonds..
19 10 St. Paul, Minn. and Manitoba R. R. Bonds.
6 Lafayette, Bloomington and Muncie R. R.
Bonds.
•
21 7 Northern Pacific R. R. Bonds.
22 Premiums paid on above Bonds...
23 Invested in Furniture Account, mainly obtained
recently.
24 3 Bonds and Mortgages with J. H. Deane, Att'y.
25 John F. Rathbone Subscription, Library Fund..
26 Lewis Rathbone Subscription, Library Fund.
27 Seattle Property in Washington Territory.
28 Bills receivable..
29 Due from Students for Tuition.
30 Cash in Bank of Monroe....
31 Cash in Monroe County Savings Bank.
32 Cash in Treasurer's hands..
33 Insurance Account advanced
•
·
34 Income and Expenditure Account overdrawn..
Among the investments included in the above are:
Anderson Hall and Telescope Building, with 234 acres
and Improvements..
•
Sibley Hall, for Library and Cabinets.
President's house, with 34 acres and Improvements.
Income and Expenditure Account.
1 Interest and Income from funds not otherwise
specially designated (see Statement No. 2).....
2 Amount from Stillman Witt Fund.
W N
3
66
66
4
(6
66
5
66
،،
6
66
66
Ira Harris Fund..
J. B. Hoyt's Subscription (interest)
John B. Trevor, current expenses..
John D. Rockerfeller, current ex-
penses
20, 000 00
25, 000 00
25,000 00
10, 000 00
5, 000 00
21, 000 00
10, 000 00
5, 000 00
10, 000 00
6, 000 00
7,000 00
4, 476 78
5,089 07
27, 000 00
12, 500 00
12, 500 00
532 15
11, 937 20
4, 996 26
3, 380 78
3, 460 06
171 16
39 00
275 81
$881, 473 18
$177, 180 68
100, 000 00
48, 000 00
$22, 910 39
500 00
360 00
1,000 00
500 00
250 00
256
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
8
66
9
(6
10
66
11
66
66
7 Amount from of J. P. Townsend for Prize Scholar-
ship....
of Col. H. F. Greenleaf for President
Loan Fund....
from rent of small house..
charged Tuition bills.
Chemical Laboratory bills.
$300 00
50 00
139 00
9,700 00
746 95
12
(6
of Diplomas above cost..
603 70
Total income for 1884....
$37, 060 04
13
66
on hand last year, as per report..
3,338 51
14 Amount of Expenditure over Income to new ac't.
2
Expenditures.
$40,398 55
$275 81
$40, 674 36
1 Salaries paid President, Faculty and other officers. $27, 900 00
2 Expense Account, which includes Insurance, Coal,
Gas, Water, Repairs, Printing and Advertising,
Chemicals used, care of Grounds, Postage, Ex-
press and Freight charges, Commencement ex-
penses, and every item of expense for the year.
3 E. H. Cook & Co.- Extraordinary expense of put-
ting in complete system of Steam Apparatus...
4 Laying brick at boiler for above Steam Apparatus.
5 Ernisse & Co.- Extraordinary expense of paint-
ing new room.
6 Paid for Prizes.
7 Sherman Prize awarded..
8 Townsend Prize awarded..
9 Davis and Stoddard Medals paid
10 Hull Prize awarded...
11 83 orders of Dr. Anderson, Free Tuition...
N. Y. B. U. for Ministerial Education.
High School, Rochester...
3, 285 91
3,091 91
27 55
97 54
92 00
300 00
300 00
8145
60 00
1,626 00
760 00
240 00
12 38 66
13 12
66
66
14 52
Deane Scholarship and cash paid
•
1,737 00
15 26 (C
16 12
17 14
Special Scholarships..
525 00
66
David Burbank Scholarship.
Mrs. Ann E. Waters Scholarship.
270 00
280 00
$40,674 36
The cash account of the year previous amounted to $74,028.26
received, and an equal sum paid or on hand.
Mr. John B. Trevor, of New York, and John D. Rockerfeller,
of Cleveland, Ohio, had pledged $1,000 a year for five years, com-
mencing in March and April, 1884, for current expenses. A legacy-
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER.
257
YEARS.
of Mrs. Caroline Williams of $20,000 was in course of settlement,
with prospect of payment but somewhat diminished in amount.
Mr. Joseph B. Hoyt, whose subscription was not due until after
his death, had concluded to pay the entire sum, and one year's in-
terest, making $21,000.
Among the objects of expense needed were an iron fence, costing
about $15,000, and a chemical laboratory building that would cost
about $10,000.
An accession of 306 volumes from the Library of the late E.
Peshine Smith, and of 245 from other parties, had been received
during the year.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation at the University of
Rochester.
In Chemical
Laboratory.
Freshmen.
STUDENTS.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total.
Post-Graduates.
1851.
37
15
15 10
82
10
1852.
1853.
8888
28
44
15
18
110
18
38
27
28
14
113
12
1854.
40
36
18
24
118
19
1855
47
34
25
16
122
16
1856.
47
42
22
20
131
6
18
1857
47
43
42
23
155
10
21
1858
35
46
34
26
141
6
22
1859.
28
35
41
29
133
13
26
1860.
38
30
34
36
138
15
30
1861..
43
49
31
26
149
16
25
1862..
42
41
47
25
155
22
1863..
23
41
33
38
135
31
1864..
25
25
41
39
130
34
1865..
19
30
23
36
108
27
1866..
26
26
27
22
101
19
1867.
20
33
23
24
100
21
1868.
28
25
29
24
106
21
1869.
26
34
21
26
107
25
1870.
9
28
25
32
23
117
22
1871
7
33
32
24
30
126
29
1872.
4
43
35
29
20
131
19
1873...
7
42
42
39
25
155
25
1874.
9
53
40
36
31
169
31
1875...
13
37
36
37
25
150
23
1876
21
36
42
38
37 114
36
1877
10
36
34
34
30 144
36
1878.
19
37
34
30
34
154
30
1879
11
37
34
30
34
146
35
1880.
11
49
32
26
30
148
30
1881
21
49
32
26
30
158
22
1882.
1883.
1884.
22
22
46
41
12 47
41
21
38
39
888
30
23 162
17
34
35 169
30
36
31
165
26
Of the above there were 5 students in a partial course in 1851,
5 in 1852, and 3 in 1853.
2483
9
9
1
13
3
A. B.
B. S.
GRADUATES IN COURSE.
A. M.
M. S.
33
258
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, FROM THE BEGINNING.
Rev. Asahel Clark Kendrick, D. D., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature,
from 1850; Librarian, 1850-68.
•
*John Fram Richardson, A. M., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature, 1850-68.
* John Howard Raymond, LL. D., Professor of History and Belles-Lettres, 1850-56.
* Rev. Chester Dewey, M. D., D. D., LL. D., Professor of the Natural Sciences, 1850-68.
* Rev. John Sharp Maginnis, D. D., Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy,
1850-52.
Rev. Thomas Jefferson Conant, D. D., Professor of the Hebrew Language and Litera-
ture, 1850-54.
* É. Peshine Smith, Acting Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1850-51.
Albert Harrison Mixer, A. M., Tutor in History and Languages, 1850-52; Professor of
the Modern Languages, 1855-58; Professor of the Modern Languages, from 1867.
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
1851-84.
Heman Lincoln Wayland, A. M., Tutor in Greek and History, 1852-54.
Martin Brewer Anderson, LL. D., Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, from
1853.
Rev. Ezekiel Gilman Robinson, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Natural and Revealed Re-
ligion, 1853-54.
Rev. Sewall Sylvester Cutting, D. D., Professor of Rhetoric and History, 1855-68.
Rev. Henry Fowler, A. M., Professor of Political Economy, 1855-58.
Henry Augustus Ward, A. M., F. R. G. S., Professor of the Natural Sciences, 1861-75.
Alonzo Jonah Howe, A. M., Acting Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
1862-63.
Rev. William Cleaver Wilkinson, D. D., Professor of the Modern Languages, ad interim,
1863-64.
Otis Hall Robinson, A. M., Tutor in Mathematics, 1864-67; Assistant Librarian, 1866-68;
Librarian, from 1868; Assistant Professor of Mathematics, 1867-69; Professor of Mathe-
matics, from 1869; Harris Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, from 1884.
* Rev. James Orton, A. M., Instructor in the Natural Sciences, 1867-68.
Rev. Samuel Allan Lattimore, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of Chemistry, from 1867; Cura-
tor of the Cabinets, 1871-83.
Rev. Joseph Henry Gilmore, A. M., Professor of Logic, Rhetoric and English Literature;
from 1867.
William Wallace Gilbert, A. M., Tutcr in Latin, 1868-69.
William Carey Morey, Ph. D., Tutor in Latin, 1869-70; Professor of the Latin Language
and Literature, 1872-77; Professor of Latin and History, from 1877; Professor of His-
tory and Politics, from 1883.
Rev. Adoniram Judson Sage, D. D., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature,
1870-72.
Henry Fairfield Burton, A. M., Assistant Professor of Latin, from 1877; Professor of
Latin, from 1883.
Edward R. Benton, Ph. D., Acting Professor of Natural History, 1882-3.
George Mather Forbes, A. M., Assistant Professor of Greek, from 1882.
Harrison E. Webster, A. M., Professor of Natural History, from 1883.
George David Olds, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, from 1884.
Of the Graduates of the University of Rochester down to and
including 1881, -181 had (in 1878) entered the Christian Ministry;
119 had studied law; 19 had studied medicine; 18 had attained an
honorable position as journalists; 90 had engaged in teaching; and
about one-third of the whole number had devoted themselves to
active rather than professional life.
* Deceased.
HISTORY OF NEW YORK CENTRAL COLLEGE ASSOCIATION. 259
NEW YORK CENTRAL COLLEGE ASSOCIATION.
This institution was founded by the American Baptist Free Mis-
sion Society, an Anti-slavery Baptist association, and measures for
its formation were begun about 1848. The first instructors were in-
augurated September 4, 1849. A leading idea in this enterprise was,
to afford equal privileges to all, without distinction of sex or color,
and to emphasize their position upon the anti-slavery question, one
of the professors appointed was a man of color.
From about 20 students at the opening, the number had increased
to about 110 in July, 1850, and an act of incorporation was obtained
April 7, 1851, from the Legislature, which constituted Archibald
Campbell, Asa Caldwell, Benjamin F. Remington, Wilbur Tilling-
hast, Israel Palmer, Ezra Thompson, Charles L. Kinney, Marcus
McGraw and their associates a corporation for the promotion of
Literature, Science and the Arts, in an institution located at McGraw-
ville (Town of Cortlandville), Cortland county. The Trustees were
empowered to grant degrees, and were subject to visitation by the
Regents, and to the general provisions of law with respect to corpo-
rations.
A building 106 by 50 feet in size, three and four stories high, was
erected, upon a farm of 157 acres, with the view of giving employ-
ment to students by manual labor. A second building 100 by 30
feet, and four stories high, was used as a boarding hall, and for
rooms by young ladies.
But two reports were made to the Regents; one for 1855, show.
ing an attendance of 226, of whom 25 were Freshmen, 5 Sophmores,
and 4 Seniors, the remainder being in inferior classes; graduates, 5.
In 1857 there were 168 students-16 in the College and 152 in the
inferior classes, with 4 graduates. The premises passed into use as a
Union School, under the name of the "New York Central Academy
and Union School," in 1864.
NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Although the idea of establishing an institution for the teaching
of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was not realized until within
a comparatively recent period, it was not wholly overlooked in
theory, and upon several occasions it was expressly included in the
programme of new institutions among the subjects to be taught.
In January, 1826, the Hon. James Tallmadge, then Lieutenant-
260
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Governor, made a very lengthy report as chairman of a Visiting
Committee appointed to specially inquire into the condition of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New York, and
near the close of this report, made the following allusion to this
subject:
"Before closing this report, the Committee take the liberty to
suggest for the consideration of the Regents, one other subject,
which has occurred to them in the course of their inquiries. They
are aware that the subject is not directly included in the visitorial
powers confided to them. But its importance induces them to pre-
sent it for consideration.
It is proposed to extend and apply the Medical Schools, and per-
haps the Colleges, to the teaching of Agriculture, Mechanics and
the Useful Arts, as collateral branches, and to separate classes.
Notwithstanding the liberal endowments made by this State, in
the support of its various literary institutions, yet great deficiencies
exist, in supplying the requirements of society, and in the adaptation
of the sciences to actual practice in the pursuits of common life.
The rapid growth of this State, its multiplied resources, and the in-
dustry and enterprise of its citizens, make large demands upon the
sciences, to aid and co-operate in advancing the general prosperity.
It is not sufficient that the sciences connected with Agriculture and
the Mechanic Arts are diligently studied and correctly understood
by a few votaries in our literary institutions. It seems very neces-
sary that those sciences essential to the prosperity of manufacturing
industry should be especially promoted, and adapted to the compre-
hension of a meritorious class of citizens, whose situation and cir-
cumstances, while they deny them the opportunities of an academic
life, devote themselves more assiduously to mechanical pursuits, and
perhaps as certainly prepare them to advance the public good.
If this class of sciences was exhibited to the manufacturer and
practical mechanic, in a course of lectures, it would not fail to pro-
duce improvements, and confer lasting benefits on the country.
Courses of popular lectures for a few weeks in every year, upon
Agriculture, Chemistry and Mechanics, with illustrations, and the
exhibition of experiments, models and specimens, would secure an
advantageous union in the efforts of theoretical and practical men;
would awaken the mental energies of the agriculturist and the arti-
san, and soon produce a new era in the Mechanic Arts.
The advantages which may be anticipated from the proposed more
intimate union of the efforts of scientific and practical men will be
sufficiently illustrated by reference to a recent and familiar case.
The hats hitherto in use have been manufactured and stiffened with
glues which were dissoluble in water. Within the last five or six
years, water-proof' hats, warranted to be impervious to water,
have come into general use. The art of making them has been
blazoned forth as a new invention, and has been even the subject of
'patent rights.' The important discovery consists in the use of
6
HISTORY OF NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 261
<
shellac,' as the stiffening glue. It is a gum imported and found
in all druggists' stores. It is often used in medicine, and a peculiar
property of which has long been known to the chemist to consist in
its being indissoluble in water, while it readily dissolves in alcohol,
and becomes a convenient glue, impervious to water. The discovery
and recent invention, therefore, consists in the working mechanic
having acquired and adopted into his daily business, the information
on this one point, which has been possessed and used for the last
century by every chemist, druggist and compounder of medicines.
Perhaps, within another century, or, if assisted, within another
year, the worker in leather may acquire a like secret, and by saturat-
ing his material with some such ingredient effectually protect our
feet from moisture. Water-proof cloth has long been a desideratum
for mankind. It is said it has recently been manufactured in Great
Britain, with the use of the common India rubber.' The manu-
facturer has hitherto been unable to make a solution of this sub-
stance, while the chemist has long known its solubility by the ap-
plication of bituminous oils, like the 'Seneca oil,' of which the
country affords an abundance.
6
The indigent mechanic must rely upon his daily labor for his
subsistence. He cannot waste his time, or incur expense, to go in
pursuit of the sciences, even as applied to his own occupation. Any
separate establishment requiring him to leave his employment, or
the apprentice to forego his labor, would thereby be inaccessible to
them. To be of utility, it must be fitted to their opportunities and
their means; it must be applied to their condition. The school
should be organized with a view to convenience and economy, in
time and expense, and with the expectation that the manufacturer,
the mechanic, the journeyman, apprentice and laborer will become
the pupils, and there learn the principles upon which successful
practice in their several occupations depend, and acquire additional
skill in their respective employments. Some public provision by
which these advantages may be extended to this portion of our com-
munity seems to be required, as a measure of policy, and an act of
equal justice. It is believed it may easily be accomplished under
the patronage of the Regents, and by an authority to hold such a
course of lectures. Scientific gentlemen would undertake the du-
ties, or the Professors of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, in the
institutions already established, might derive fame and profit, and
find employment for their leisure time in this further duty. It
would be consonant with their present pursuits. The institutions
now provided for medical and literary purposes might thus be made
more extensively focal points, from which to radiate the public
mind. They would better accord with the situation and condition
of our country. The plan of education in our colleges was derived
from Europe, where it was established by the Romish priesthood,
and it has been adopted here, and since continued with too great a
subserviency to precedent. Perhaps at some future time it may be
deemed expedient to re-examine the system of education now in
262
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
practice, and to adopt such improvements as may more immediately
conform to the pursuits of our citizens, and the spirit of our Gov-
ernment; at least to provide a plan of education in some of the Col-
leges, a part of which shall be more suited for our intercourse with
other nations, and more adapted to the energy and enterprise of our
people.
To encourage the arts, as applied to manufacturing industry, by a
more direct application of the sciences upon the plan now proposed,
will be an extension and new application of the benevolent and im-
portant system of common schools. It may be presumed that the
judicious master would not only permit, but encourage his appren-
tices to frequent lectures within their reach, sure that the little time
so lost to his trade, would be amply repaid by the increased diligence,
sobriety and knowledge thereby purchased."
6
The moral effect justly to be anticipated upon the youth and
middle classes of society should also induce to the proposed object.
It will diffuse intelligence amongst a portion of society whose con-
dition has been hitherto almost inaccessible to improvement, and re-
move that state of ignorance and depression usually incident to and
often urged against mechanical pursuits and manufacturing estab-
lishments. The laboratory, apparatus, models and specimens now
used by Professors might, without prejudice, be allotted to this
further purpose. If an augmentation of the cabinet of models and
specimens should be required, the importance of the object would
justify the hope of further bounty from the Legislature.
The able Professor of Moral Philosophy in Columbia College
(Mr. McVickar), with great benefit to the institution and increased
reputation to himself, has recently made "Political Economy" the
subject of a course of lectures. The Professor of Natural Phil-
osophy in the same College (Mr. Renwick), the Professor of Chem-
istry (Dr. McNeven), in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
New York, and the Professor of Chemistry (Mr. J. Nott) in Union
College, upon suggestions from your committee, have consented to
undertake, with the permission of the institutions to which they
belong, courses of lectures for the instruction of mechanics, under
the authority and sanction of the Regents. The Colleges at New
York, Schenectady, Fairfield, Hamilton and Geneva, and perhaps
the Academies at Albany and the principal villages, furnish conven-
ient opportunities to make experiments of teaching such branches of
education as collateral to the Professorships and the original objects
of these institutions. The utility of the scheme would soon be ascer-
tained, and the expediency determined, of hereafter conferring de-
grees for proficiency in Agriculture, Mechanics and the Useful Arts."
Ten years passed before these ideas of teaching the applied sciences
upon a farm and in work-shops were sanctioned in an act of the
Legislature, and thirty more before they were fully realized and
successfully applied.
HISTORY OF NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 263
It may be interesting to trace the steps which gradually prepared
the way. The first was the incorporation by the Legislature of the
New York State Agricultural School. The charter of this institu-
tion was granted May 6, 1836, and included in its list of corporators
a large number of the leading men of the State, headed by William
L. Marcy, then Governor. It was proposed to purchase a farm near
the city of Albany and erect an Agricultural College.¹
Another act was passed May 4, 1844,' creating a new corporation
under the former name, and including a splendid array of names as
corporators. It was proposed to establish a stock company with a
capital of $50,000, in shares of $25, but the location was left to be
decided by the corporation. This effort likewise failed, but the sub-
ject was discussed every year, and several special reports were made
to the Legislature, having reference to this object.³
The Legislature by Concurrent Resolutions passed April 6, 1849,
empowered the Governor to appoint one Commissioner from each
of the eight Judicial Districts of the State, to meet in Albany on
the 16th of May following, to mature a plan for an Agricultural
College and Experimental Farm, with a detailed estimate of cost,
plan of studies, etc., and report to the next Legislature. The persons
appointed were J. Blunt, A. J. Downing, William Risley, S. Cheever,
John Grey, E. C. Frost, H. Wager and J. P. Beekman.*
1
Other reports were made at the next session, and an effort was
Chap. 259, Laws of 1836.
Reports had been previously made upon the subject by the State Agricultural
Society (Senate Doc. 79, 1833), by a joint committee of the Legislature (Senate Doc.
97, 1834, and Assem. Doc. 311, 1834), and by a committee on Governor's Message
(Senate Doc. 110, 1834). The act was amended April 6, 1838 (Chap. 158), by ex-
tending the time limited for organization, but nothing was effected under these
acts.
2 Chap. 261, Laws of 1844.
3 Report on an Agricultural and Scientific School and Experimental Station
(Assem. Doc. 153, 1847). Report of the Committee on Agriculture relative to an
Experimental Farm and Agricultural College (Assem. Doc. 169, 1847). Report
relative to the establishment of an Experimental Farm and Work-shop for Me-
chanical Operations and a School for the promotion of Agriculture and the
Mechanic Arts (Assem. Doc. 187, 1847). Memorial on behalf of the New York
State Agricultural Society for the establishment of an Agricultural School (Assem.
Doc. 65, 1849). Report of the Committee on Agriculture on so much of the Gover-
nor's Message as relates to an Agricultural School (Assem. Doc. 212, 1849).
4 This Commission made an elaborate report (Assem. Doc. 30, 1850).
1
264
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
made to secure the location at Genesee College (Lima).¹ These
efforts were continued in 1851 and 1852."
In 1853, these repeated efforts led to the incorporation of an in-
stitution to be known as The New York State Agricultural College,
incorporated April 15, 1853.º
The act was brief, simply naming John Delafield, Henry Wager,
B. P. Johnson, William Kelly, John A. King, N. B. Kidder, Joel
W. Bacon, William Buel, Tallmadge Delafield and Robert J. Swan,
as corporators, with such as might associate with them, for the estab-
lishment of a College, with a farm of not less than 300 acres, and as
follows:
"The plan of instruction embraces the following branches of
knowledge: Practical and Scientific Agriculture, Chemistry and its
manipulations, so far as it may be usefully connected with Agricul-
ture, Mathematics and Mechanics, Surveying and Engineering, Geol-
ogy and Botany, the practical management of the farm, of the
dairy, and of the various kinds of live stock; also such other branches
of knowledge as may be deemed useful and proper.”
Mr. John Delafield, who engaged with great zeal and enterprise in
this undertaking, continued his efforts for its establishment until his
death in the fall of 1853. His death was a severe loss to the agricul-
tural interests of the State, and especially to the Trustees of the
proposed College, of which he had been President.
In 1855, the people of Ovid, in the county where Mr. D. had re-
sided, made an effort to procure subscriptions to the stock of the
College, and the sum of over $40,000 was raised for the College, if
located at that place, and a farm of over 600 acres adjoining Seneca
lake, in that town, was purchased.
1 Report of the Special Committee on the Agricultural College and Experi-
mental Farm (Assem. Doc. 104, 1850). Memorial of the Genesee College in relation
to an Agricultural School (Assem. Doc. 86, 1850). Memorial of William Buel and
T. C. Peters on the subject of a division of the State into Agricultural Districts
and for Agricultural Colleges (Assem. Doc. 158, 1850).
2 Report on so much of the Governor's Message as relates to an Agricultural
College and Mechanical School, and on the Memorial of the State Agricultural
Society on the same subject (Assem. Doc. 33, 1851). Report of the Minority of
the Committee on the subject of an Agricultural College and Experimental Farmı
(Assem. Doc. 116, 1851). Report on so much of the Governor's Message as relates
to an Agricultural Institution and an Experimental Farm (Assem. Doc. 100, 1852).
2 Chap. 247, Laws of 1853, p. 536.
Report of the Committee on Agriculture, on the establishment of an Agricul-
tural College, etc. (Assem. Doc. 36, 1853).
HISTORY OF NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. '265
Through the agency of the Rev. Amos Brown, Principal of the
Ovid Academy, and others, an act was procured March 31, 1856,¹ au-
thorizing the Comptroller to loan to the Trustees the sum of $40,-
000, from the income of the United States Deposit Fund, for the
payment of the land and the erection of buildings, a mortgage be-
ing given to secure repayment, on the 1st day of January, 1877,
without interest. The sum of $40,000 was also required to be raised
and applied by the Trustees as a condition precedent to the loan.
The Trustees were required to report annually to the Legislature
the condition of its financial affairs, the number of students, its in-
come and disbursements, and such other matters as the Trustees
might deem expedient." This act was amended April 6, 1863, by
allowing the money to be advanced from the Treasury generally, as
the Deposit Fund had failed to supply the amount.'
On a commanding site overlooking the lake, and a beautiful
stretch of fine farming land, the buildings were erected, upon plans
prepared by S. E. Hewes, an architect of Albany. The main build-
ing was to consist of the central portion with two square towers
and wings of 60 by 84 feet, and 58 by 128 feet respectively, four
stories high, and furnishing rooms for 150 students. The whole,
when complete, was designed to accommodate 400, with every
needed convenience. A plan of instruction and operation was pre-
pared, and on or about the 1st of December, 1860, the institution
was opened under the Presidency of Major M. R. Patrick, and a
competent corps of Professors.
The war that commenced the next spring, drew the President into
the army as a General of volunteers, and with other causes effect-
ually suspended operations before they had been fully commenced.
The property reverted to the State, and in 1865 was used for the
establishment of the Willard Asylum for the Insane, large additions
being made to the accommodations by the erection of other build-
ings.
2
This institution made no reports to the Regents. Its separate re-
1 Chap. 67, Laws of 1856.
Report on the petition for aid to establish the New York State Agricultural
College. (Senate Doc. 61, 1855.)
Memorial of the friends of the New York State Agricultural College. (Assem.
Doc. 64, 1855.)
³ Other amendments were passed February 5, 1857 (Chap. 16), allowing an in-
crease in the number of trustees; April 6 1857 (Chap. 275), providing for case of
deficiency of income from funds, and April 3, 1860 (Chap. 156), relating to mort-
gage, etc.
34
266
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ports to the Legislature afford minute details concerning its incep-
tion, rise, decline and final failure.'
No effectual efforts were made to secure to this institution the
benefits of the Congressional land grants made for the benefit of
Colleges for instruction in Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts in
1862.
That endowment was tendered to the "People's College" at
Havana, but the declining health of its principal patron did not al-
low of new efforts, and it finally passed to Cornell University.
PEOPLE'S COLLEGE.
Plans for a system of education which should combine intellectual,
moral and physical education upon an improved system, having been
under discussion for some years, the movement led to the procuring
of an act from the Legislature, on the 12th of April, 1853, under
the name of the "People's College," for the promotion of Litera-
ture, Science, Arts and Agriculture.
The capital stock of the corporation was fixed at $250,000, but
this might be increased to $500,000. Shares $1, entitling to a vote,
and no stockholder was to have more than one vote. The Trustees
were to be divided into six classes, one class to be chosen annually
by the stockholders, and they were vested with the usual powers of
a corporation and a College. They were to appoint three Commis-
sioners to select a location for the College, whenever $50,000 had
been subscribed and paid. Each pupil and teacher was to be re-
quired to devote some hours, each, of five days in each week (except-
ing Saturdays and Sundays), to bona fide useful labor in some branch
of productive industry. The number of hours of labor was not to
exceed twenty, nor fall below ten in each week, and each student
was to be credited, and ultimately paid for his labor, less the cost of
qualifying him to perform it effectively.
Facilities for Agricultural and Mechanical instruction were to be
¹ Annual Reports of Trustees, 1858, Assem. Doc. 154; 1859, Assem. Doc. 118 ;
1860, Assem. Doc. 27; 1861, Assem. Doc. 20; 1863, S. 78, A. 110; 1864, Senate
Doc. 55; 1865, Senate Doc. 39; 1869, Senate Doc. 81. The report of 1869 is final
and historical.
2 The first Trustees named in the act were D. C. McCallum, Washington Hunt,
George J. Pumpelly, J. R. Speed, S. S. Post, David Reese, Gurdon Evans, Horace
Greeley, James H. Snow, A. W. Jackson, Harrison Howard, William Morgan, T.
Lindsley, A. J. Wynkoop, W. C. Rhodes, W. H. Smuller, James M. Ellis, James
R. Backus, William H. Banks, J. J. DeForest, J. G. Russell, Oliver G. Steele,
Robert Green and M. H. Davis.
HISTORY OF PEOPLE'S COLLEGE.
267
provided, and a choice allowed, but each student must master the
branch of industry he might elect, which was to be expressed in his
diploma.¹
During the years 1853 and 1854, efforts were made to raise by
subscription funds to procure a suitable location and for the erection
of buildings, but not meeting with the anticipated success their ef
forts probably grew less, so that up to the year 1857, it is said that
the agent had received in subscriptions and money a sum somewhere
between $8,000 and $10,000. Shortly after this the Trustees by
fresh efforts obtained from $40,000 to $45,000 in new subscriptions;
the site of a College was selected, and building began. But on more
particular examination of accounts it was found that the first sub-
scriptions had all been used up or wasted, so that nothing was de-
rived from that source.
The College was located at Havana, January 8, 1857, through the
influence of the Hon. Charles Cook, and a brick building erected in
that year, 216 by 52 feet in size, four and five stories high, with a
basement and a projection in the rear from the centre, 70 feet by 64
in size, for chapel for seating 1,300 and dining-room. The cost was
about $60,000.
By an act passed April 24, 1862, the sum of $10,000 a year for
two years was given by the Legislature, but the Comptroller refused
to pay it upon the ground that the conditions of the grant were not
fulfilled.2
A tract of 100 acres of land was secured, with title free so long as
used for educational purposes, and a Faculty appointed. On the
15th of April, 1869, the College was opened for students, and it ap-
pears from testimony taken by a committee of the Regents, Febru-
ary 5, 1865, that there were then 75 girls and 73 boys in attendance
in the preparatory department, the College course not having as yet
commenced."
Upon the application of the income from the land-grant made by
Congress in 1862 (more particularly noticed in our account of Cor-
nell University), it was first given by the Legislature to the People's
College, by an act passed May 14, 1863,* but upon condition that its
1 Majority Report of committee, Assem. Doc. 42, 1853. Minority Report, Assem.
Doc. 38, 1853.
2 Chap. 469, Laws of 1862. Regents' Report, 1865, pp. 153-158. Minutes of
Regents, 1853-59, pp. 61, 148, 397, 399, 401. Id., 1860-69, pp. 179, 193, 194, 197-
199. Comptroller's Report, 1864, p. 28. Regents' Report, 1865, p. 155.
3 Senate Doc. 45, 1865.
4 Chap. 511, Laws of 1863, p. 884.
268
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Trustees, should within three years show to the satisfaction of the
Regents that they were prepared with at least ten competent Pro-
fessors to give instruction as the act of Congress required; that they
had grounds and buildings for at least 250 students, with a proper
library and apparatus, and a farm of at least 200 acres, with suitable
farm buildings, implements and stock, and also shops, tools and
machinery for teaching the Mechanic Arts. This property was to be
entirely owned and free of debt, so that the grant would be an ex-
cess of this investment.
Various other conditions were stated, but it is sufficient here to
state that with the war still in active operation, and especially from
the declining health of Mr. Cook, who had been a leading spirit in
the enterprise, the Trustees were unable to meet the requirements,
and by an act of April 27, 1865, the grant was transferred to Cor-
nell University- still, however, allowing a further opportunity of
three months to the People's College, but without results.¹
The President of the College while it lasted was the Rev. Amos
Brown, LL. D., who was especially instrumental in securing the
legislation above mentioned. Mr. Charles Cook, of Havana, con-
tributed $56,095 of the $70,236 expended in this enterprise, the
next highest sum being $1,350.
The building reverted to his estate, and a plan was proposed for
the establishment of a Masonic Seminary upon the premises, but not
concluded. It was finally taken by the "Cook Academy" incorpo-
rated by the Regents August 10, 1872, and by this corporation it is
still held and used.
The Faculty appointed at the opening of People's College con-
sisted of the Rev. AMOS BROWN, LL. D., President; HENRY S.
RANDALL, LL. D., Professor of Scientific and Practical Agricul
ture and the Care and Treatment of Domestic Animals; JOHN
PHIN, C. E., Professor of Agriculture Chemistry and Chemistry
applied to the Arts; JOHN H. GRISCOM, M. D., Professor of
Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene; C. M. BOOTH, M. D., Professor
of Botany and Vegetable Physiology, in their relations to Agri-
culture and Horticulture; E. J. PICKETT, A. M., Professor of
Geology, Mineralogy and the Art of Mining; OSCAR F. WHITFORD,
C. E., Professor of Mathematics aud the Science of Mechanical
Forces; Wм. W. FOLWELL, A. M., Professor of Ancient and
Modern Languages; TIMOTHY H. PORTER, A. M., Professor of
Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres; F. G. HIBBARD, D. D., Professor of
1 See Senate Doc. 45, 1865.
HISTORY OF ELMIRA FEMALE COLLEGE.
269
Natural and Revealed Religion; Wм. H. RUSSELL, Professor
of Military Science Engineering, Architecture and Drawing; F. S.
HowE, A. M., Principal of the Normal Department. Of these
Messrs. BROWN, PHIN, PICKETT and WHITFORD engaged in instruc-
tion; others attended at the beginning of the session, but owing to
the action of the Comptroller in withholding the appropriation,
declined to serve.
ELMIRA FEMALE COLLEGE.
"Elmira Female College, chartered by the Legislature in 1855,1
claims to be the first in this country, and, so far as known, the first
in the world that offered to women the same advantages, and adopted
the same standard for graduation as Colleges and Universities for the
other sex.
It was originally intended to locate the College at Au-
burn, New York, and the original charter designated the intended
institution as The Auburn Female University; but a donation of
$5,000, made by Simeon Benjamin, of Elmira, the largest amount
then subscribed by any one person for the establishment of the Col-
lege, caused a change in the original plan.
The charter was amended, the name changed, and the institution
removed to Elmira. From the outset there was financial embarrass-
ment and disappointment in securing resources. Through the exer-
tions and liberality of a few friends of higher education, a commo-
dious and elegant college edifice was erected.
Rev. Augustus W. Cowles, D. D., was invited to the Presidency of
the College at its opening. The year 1881 closes the twenty-fifth
year of his successful administration as the first and only President
of the College.
The College opened with a debt of $40,000, more than half of
which was owed to Mr. Simeon Benjamin, of Elmira. After a few
years Mr. Benjamin proposed to give to the College $25,000, by re-
leasing so much of the sum due him, on condition that the College
should be placed under the supervision of the Presbyterian Synod of
Geneva, and that the Evangelical denominations should be repre-
sented in the board, and also that the interest of the sum so released
should every year be paid into an endowment fund for the endow-
ment first of the presidency and then of professorships, and the in-
crease of the library. The College accepted the proposal, and has
been from that time under the care of the Synod of Geneva. The
chief gifts and appropriations received by the College are: From the
State of New York by act of 1867, $25,000, on condition that the
1
2
¹ Chap. 422, Laws of 1855, changing the name from "Elmira Collegiate Semi-
nary."
2 The first act for the relief of Elmira Female College was passed April 9, 1856
(Chap. 150), and gave $10,000 upon condition that the Trustees should raise $40,-
000 more, to be expended in completing the College edifice. By an act passed
270
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
amount be left on deposit with the Comptroller and interest paid an-
nually; from Simeon Benjamin, for building purposes, endowment
fund and aid fund, $90,000; from Maxwell Brothers, of Geneva,
$10,000; from Mr. Langdon, $5,000; from General Diven, $4,000,
and from other sources various smaller sums. Active efforts are at
present being made to increase the College funds.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
The College edifice is a structure of great architectural elegance,
consisting of a central octagon of about seventy feet diameter, with
two wings extending each about eighty feet, making a front of about
two hundred and thirty feet; also, a new structure, extending fifty
feet to the north, containing kitchen, dining-room and four new
class-rooms, which is furnished with an elevator of the best construc-
tion. The building contains a spacious and elegant chapel, parlors,
society halls, lecture and class-rooms, laboratory and apparatus
rooms, music-rooms and study rooms for about one hundred and
thirty students. The whole building is warmed by steam, lighted
with gas and furnished with water.
The College grounds are extensive and well-arranged. The libra-
ries of the College and literary societies now consist of nearly four
thousand volumes. A valuable and carefully chosen set of philo-
sophical and chemical apparatus furnishes facilities for pursuing the
studies which it is designed to illustrate.
A creditable beginning has also been made in collecting a cabinet
of minerals, specimens of natural history and curiosities. An im-
portant addition to the cabinet has been made by the purchase of a
carefully selected collection of the Ward casts of the representative
fossils of each principal geological age. In the Art Department is a
very superior collection of casts from classic and modern statuary,
and a large number of superior photographs of works of art selected
in Europe by the President.
The College embraces a Collegiate and a Preparatory Depart-
ment. The regular College course is equivalent to the usual under-
graduate course in other Colleges, including Latin, Greek, modern
languages, sciences, mathematics, literature, Christian evidences,
mental and moral science and æsthetics. These are arranged in
four annual classes: Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior.
Students who complete this course are entitled to the degree of
Baccalaureate of Arts. There is also the department of Fine Arts,
embracing the school of the Arts of Design and the school of Music.
April 23, 1867 (Chap. 643), it was provided that whenever, within two years, the
Trustees should raise $25,000, and pay into the State treasury, an equal sum
should be given from the general fund, making "The Elmira Educational Fund
of $50,000.” This was invested and managed by the Comptroller, as a separate
fund,, and the income appropriated annually to the College, until 1884. Acts for
the further management of this fund were passed May 5, 1869 (Chap. 586), and
March 16, 1870 (Chap. 79). By an act passed May 31, 1884 (Chap. 443), this fund
was turned over to the Trustees for management, the principal to be forever kept
inviolate, and the interest only to be used. F. B. H.
!
HISTORY OF ELMIRA FEMALE COLLEGE.
271
The academic as well as the collegiate year is divided into two ses-
sions each of twenty weeks. The first commences in September
and the second in February.
Vacation occurs only at the end of each annual session. Exami-
nations of all classes are held at the close of each session, and at the
discretion of the Exainining Committee at any time. Written
monthly examinations are required by the Faculty. All students
attending the College, except those living in Elmira, or those
especially excused, are expected to become members of the College
family. Total expenses for board and regular studies are $300 per
annum. Extra charges are made for piano or vocal culture, two
lessons per week at $70 per year; oil painting, $60; drawing, $60.
All bills for each semi-annual session are payable in advance.
Mr. Benjamin left a bequest of $25,000, the income of which
forms an aid fund for assisting worthy and needy young women.
General A. S. Diven has also given the sum of $4,000, to found a
free scholarship, the income of which is accepted by the College in
full payment for the annual charge for board and tuition for one
student. The prizes are:
1. The Hall Prize, for the best English Essay from the Senior
Class, on some topic of current interest.
2. The Scholarship Honor Prize, founded by Hon. Eaton H.
Frisbie, for the best scholarship of the Senior Class, to be awarded
by the President of the Faculty. This is a single prize of $50.
3. The Diven Prizes, founded by General Alexander S. Diven;
the first prize, $30; the second prize, $20, for superior excellence
in reading.
4. The Slee Prize, founded by J. D. F. Slee; the first of $30,
for the best work of art furnished after at least one and one-half
terms of instruction in the Art Department, and wholly without
manual assistance; the second of $20, for the second best work of
art, on the same conditions." (Public Service of New York, vol.
III, pp. 340–342.)
The Regents' Report of 1884 shows the financial condition of
this College as follows:
Value of grounds and buildings.
Educational collections
Invested funds.
•
Investment in real estate other than College grounds
and buildings
Total ..
Debts at end of year previous
Net property
$160,000 00
15, 000 00
96, 150 00
9,500 00
$280, 650 00
45, 994 81
$234, 655 19
272
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1876
1877+.
1878+.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882..
1883.
YEARS ENDING IN-
Revenue from tuitions collected ...
From income of invested funds.
Total ...
$29,441 88
5, 693 99
$35, 135 87
Expenditures, including $1,000 added to the Benjamin Endow-
ment Fund, $37,367.02.
The first returns from this College appear in the Regents' Report
of 1862.
Statistics of Attendance and of Graduation at the Elmira Female
College so far as reported to the Regents.
UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES.
Freshmen.*
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
1861.
40
36
18
14
108
13
1862+
1863.
50
28
15
18
111
1864..
24
13
19
11
67
88888
17
11
1865..
30
17
13
14
71
108
14
1866.
39
19
10
6
74
94.
6
··
1867
1868..
1869.
1870.
23
15
16
10
64
70
10
19
11
7
10
47
60
10
49
62
10
•
66
70
7
1871..
72
82
6
1872.
1873..
1874.
1875.
74
117
10
56
98
13
44
95
9
50
87
4
50
61
8
•
31
13
10
10
5
59
72
8888
40
5
68
6
68
10
59
5
33
12
12
11
68
11
*Protomathian class.
+ No reports published.
Whole number of graduates (including 20 in two classes previous
to beginning of the above table) 239 to 1883 inclusive.
TROY UNIVERSITY.
A movement for the founding of a College in Troy was started
in 1853, and assumed definite form early in 1854. The institution
was chartered provisionally by the Regents, April 13, 1855, under
the auspices of members of the Methodist Episcopal Denomination,
Total.
classes.
Preparatory
HISTORY OF TROY UNIVERSITY.
273
who proposed to establish a full four years' collegiate course, with a
University course consisting entirely of Lectures upon the higher
branches of Science and Literature, extending through two years.
A Theological Department was also contemplated, but nothing was
done toward organization. A tract of land 36 acres in extent, was
procured upon "Mount Ida," overlooking the city of Troy and
country adjacent to a great distance. A fine building in the Byzan-
tine style of architecture was erected.¹
It was opened for students September 9, 1858, and a Faculty was
partly organized, and a course of instruction continued about four
years, when the property was sold upon a mortgage, and purchased
by the Catholics, who established and have since maintained a Theo-
logical School upon the premises, known as "St. Joseph's Theologi-
cal Seminary of the Province of New York."
The charter of Troy University was made absolute March 18,
1861, upon representations made to the Regents by the President of
the Board of Trustees, and the acting President of the Faculty.*
This institution established a policy in the beginning, which has
wrecked the fortunes of many others, in the sale of scholarships,
which were rated as follows:
For $100 free tuition to one for forty years.
66
200
66
(6
to two for fifty years.
66
300
66
(6
to one forever.
66
500
66
66
to two forever.
(6
1,000 "
66
to five, for 50 years, or three forever.
"To illustrate the benefits of these scholarships it may be re-
marked:
"1. That they do not expire, if not used, in the time named, but
secure to the subscriber, or his heirs and assigns, so many years of
actual tuition in all the branches taught in the regular College
course. They will be as good a legacy as he can leave to his child-
ren.
"2. They are transferable. They may be sold like any other stocks,
or they may be hired so as to pay a dividend to the purchaser.
"No scholarship will be sold after a sufficient endowment shall have
been secured. All students who attend the College classes after that
time must pay full tuition or hire a scholarship."
¹ This building was 259 feet long, on an average 58 feet wide and 4 stories high,
from designs prepared by Edson and Englebert of New York. It was estimated
to cost about $60,000.
2 Minutes of the Regents, II (1860–69), p. 49.
35
274
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The first report to the Regents shows that about $15,000 less ex-
penses of agents had been subscribed. The report for the year end-
ing December 17, 1858, estimates the value of College property at
$100,000, besides $120,219.55, in other property, whereof $98,434
were notes and subscriptions unpaid. There was a mortgage of
$20,000 in part payment for land. In their last report for the year
ending June 21, 1860, the College property was stated at $107,800;
other College property, $160,118.57; debts, $105,000, and receipts
and expenses as follows:
General Account.
College Account.
Receipts.
$15,150 19
Expenses.
$13,637 00
4,827 72
10,657 58
The four reports made showed an attendance of 45, 29, 22 and 67
students. There were none that graduated.
In a statement published by Peck & Hillman, holders of the mort-
gage at the time of sale, it is shown that the expenses for last year
were $8,700, with receipts of only $500 from tuitions. There were
over 500 subscriptions unpaid, amounting to $60,000. "Some sub-
scribers refused to pay, for the reasons that (as they say) it was a
Methodist institution, and the understanding was, it should not be
sectarian; others, that it was represented that girls as well as boys
could be admitted, and others for various reasons; and many on ac-
count of the commercial crisis of 1857, which so involved them that
they could not pay."
The sale took place October 25, 1862, and the premises brought
$60,000.
ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY.
This is under the control of the Universalist denomination, and
its origin may be traced to measures begun in 1845, by the Rev.
Thomas J. Sawyer, then Principal of the Clinton Liberal Institute,
who in September of that year opened a Theological Seminary as a
department of that school, and maintained it without aid from the
denomination at large for several years. The need of a Divinity
School in the State of New York came up for discussion at the
Universalist State Convention at Hudson in 1852; an Education
Society was formed, consisting of a Board of sixteen Trustees, with
the Rev. T. J. Sawyer as President, Rev. E. Francis, Treasurer, and
George E. Baker, Secretary. Subscriptions were started for the
HISTORY OF ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY.
275
establishment of a Divinity School, with the understanding that the
locality offering the greatest inducement should be the seat of the
institution. During the year 1854, $20,000 were subscribed, but no
steps were taken in location.
In the spring of 1855, Martin Thatcher, formerly of Canton, but
then of New York city, proposed to Theodore Caldwell, Levi B.
Storrs and Barzillai Hodskin, three prominent business men of Can-
ton, a plan for securing the location at that place. By their per-
sonal gifts and through their influence, the sum of $15,000 was
pledged, and over $20,000 subscribed in northern New York, pay-
able in four annual installments. A tract of twenty acres was bought
near the village of Canton, and a brick building begun, 100 feet long
by 58 wide.
This presently led to the project of establishing a College in con-
nection with the Divinity School, and on the 3d of April, 1856, a
special act was passed, entitled " An act to incorporate the St. Law-
rence University and Theological Seminary."
The Trustees named in the act were Jacob Harsen, Preston King,
John L. Russell, Sidney Lawrence, George C. Sherman, Francis
Seger, Martin Thatcher, Barzillai Hodskin, Levi B. Storrs, Theodore
Caldwell, James Sterling, F. C. Havemeyer, Caleb Barstow, Thos.
Wallace, Josiah Barber, Norman Van Nostrand, George E. Baker,
P. S. Bitley, H. W. Barton, A. C. Moore, Thomas T. Sawyer, Wm.
S. Balch, John M. Austin, L. C. Brown and George W. Montgom-
ery. The act conferred the usual powers of a corporation with
power to hold real estate yielding an income of not more than
$15,000 a year. The Theological Department and its property were
to be kept separate from the College.
The corner stone of the main building was laid June 18, 1856,
and with great effort, the committee, with narrow means, succeeded
in getting it ready for use in April, 1857. On the 18th of April,
1857, the Legislature granted $25,000 for the College, upon condi-
tion that an equal sum be raised. Of this, $19,000 were procured
by subscription, and Messrs. Caldwell, Hodskin, Storrs and Thatcher
became responsible for the remaining $6,000.
The Theological School was opened April 15, 1858, under the
Rev. Eben Fisher, and the College in the same month, under the
Rev. John S. Lee. The first graduation of a Theological class oc-
curred in 1857, and in a statement published in 1878, it appears
that this department then numbered one hundred graduates, besides
¹ Chap. 91, Laws of 1856, p. 124.
276
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
twice this number that had followed special courses of instruction.
The regular course occupies three years, including instruction in
Moral Philosophy, Logic, Ecclesiastical History, Homiletics, Evi-
dences of Christianity, Intellectual Philosophy, Exegesis, Natural
Theology, Systematic Theology, Biblical Archæology, and the Greek
and Hebrew Languages. There is a post-graduate course of one
year, leading to the degree of Bachelors of Divinity, the other grad-
uates receiving diplomas.
For the collegiate course it was found desirable to open a prepar-
atory school, which was continued till 1864, when College classes
were formed, and have been since continued. Professor Lee, the
first Principal, was succeeded by the Rev. Richard Fisk, Jr., D. D.,
in 1869, under the title of President, and in that year a Law School
was begun in connection with the University, with William C. Cook,
Professor of Practice, Pleadings and Evidence, Hon. Leslie W. Rus-
sell, Professor of Personal Property, Criminal and Commercial Law
and Real Estate, and Hon. Stillman Foote, Professor of Domestic
Relations, Personal Rights, Wills and Contracts. After graduating
two classes this school was given up, under the effect of new rules
of the Court of Appeals which curtailed its privileges.
In 1869-70, Herring Library Hall, a fire-proof structure, was
built, and named after Silas C. Herring, of New York, who gave
the means for its erection. The Library in 1878 contained 10,000
volumes.
In 1872 the Rev. Absalom G. Gaines, D. D., succeeded as Presi-
dent, and still holds this office.
Among the benefactors of this University may be named John
Craig, late of Rochester, deceased, who gave $50,000; A. C. Moore,
of Buffalo, who gave $25,000, and Alvinza Hayward, of California,
who gave $30,000. Within a year or two the University has re-
ceived from Mrs. Sarah D. Gage, the sum of $37,456.99, in fulfill-
ment of a bequest and residuary legacy for the support of pious
young men in the Theological School.
This institution admits both sexes with equal privileges, and has
two under-graduate courses, one in Arts, leading to the degree of
"A. B.," and one in Science, leading to that of "B. S." The second
degree of " A. M." or "M. S.," is conferred upon graduates of not
less than three years' standing engaged to the acceptance of the
Faculty in professional, literary or scientific studies.
HISTORY OF ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY,
277
Financial Statement (Regents' Report, 1884).
Value of buildings and grounds
Educational collections
$80, 000 00
12, 925 00
Invested funds
Other property.
Total
Debts, none; income, $8,349.70.
171, 227 71
10, 187 00
$274, 339 71
Attendance and Graduation of the St. Lawrence University.
DEGREES
CONFERRED.
THEOLOGICAL
DEPT.
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
Freshmen.
STUDENTS IN Collegiate Course.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Special.
Total.
In course.
First.
Second.
Honorary.
Students.
Graduates.
1866...
1867....
23
9
1868..
13
5
1869..
13
17
535.
2
1870...
1871..
1872..
10
8
10
1873....
13
9
5
424
.78
25
39
8
25
6
42
24
1
34
33
10
42
32
47
13
48
9
44
1874..
8
14
8
2
9
41
678N
9
27
w.
3
26
24
787
2
1875..
19
8
15
8
50
8
1876..
18
13
8
12
12
63
11
1877.
17
14
1878.
18
13
..
1879..
12
12
1880..
13
10
1881..
4
12
1882..
1883..
27
19
+320242
11
5
10
57
6
7
8
8
54
8
1
11
6
15
56
4
4
8
10
3
41
10
3
•12
•232
•426
22
28
28
25
21
222
22
24
11
4
9
40
11
12
5
10
88
10
64
12
10
66
426
10
4
5
4
Academic Students: 1860, 80; 1867, 11. In Law Department:
1870, 9, six graduates; 1871, 11, ten graduates.
Theological Students not reported before 1867 nor since 1880, as
not coming under the notice of the Regents. The number of grad-
uates in this department has not usually been mentioned in reports.
PRESENT FACULTY.
President, and Craig Professor of Intellectual and Moral Phil-
osophy - Rev. Absalom Graves Gaines, D. D.
Secretary, and Professor of the Latin Language and Literature
-Walter Balfour Gunnison, A. M.
278
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Professor of Geology and Mineralogy- Rev. James Henry Cha-
pin, D. D.
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature
sey Gaines, A. M.
Charles Kel-
Acting Professor of Mathematics - Frank Harrison Peck.
Acting Professor of the German and French Languages
Henri Hermann Loitard, A. M.
Lecturer on International Law-Nelson Lemuel Robinson, A. M.
Lecturer in Rhetoric- Ledyard Park Hale, M. S., LL. B.
ALFRED UNIVERSITY.
This institution, under the patronage of the Seventh Day Baptist
Denomination, was founded December 5, 1836, and incorporated by
the Regents as "Alfred Academy," January 31, 1843. It became a
University by special act March 28, 1857, with a Primary or Aca-
demic and a Collegiate Department, the former retaining the privi-
leges of an Academy in the distribution of the Literature Fund. It
had also power to establish a separate Theological Department, with
power to receive and hold property distinct from the University, for
the maintenance of theological education. It had the power to
grant such literary honors, degrees and diplomas as are granted by
other Colleges.
The following account of this institution is given in the work en-
titled "Public Service of New York," iii, p. 553:
"In the spring of 1839, William C. Kenyon, a student in Union
College, accepted an invitation to take charge of a school at Alfred,
New York. He entered a field then comparatively unoccupied by
institutions of learning. In the short space of four years, the school
with which he was connected had grown from a few students in a
small room to more than two hundred, with three additional build-
ings and a fund of $10,000. On application to the Regents of the
University, the school was granted an academic charter.
Its rapid growth continued, and in 1847-48 Professor Kenyon
had in attendance at his Academy four hundred and fifty-five pupils.
In 1857 a University charter, to be so grafted on to the Academy as
seemed best, was granted by the Legislature.¹ The Collegiate De-
partment was soon organized. Professor Kenyon was appointed
President, and immediately entered upon the duties of his office.
Under his wise administration the University grew in prosperity
1 Chap. 190, Laws of 1857. Allowed to raise $12,000 by sale of bonds (Chap.
77, 1859).
HISTORY OF ALFRED UNIVERSITY.
279
and usefulness. His death occurred in 1867. President Kenyon
has been characterized as a compact, nervous, magnetic man; a man
very earnest, very incisive, somewhat radical, even eccentric, but of
great worth as an educator. He was known and recognized as a
power in the State. He was an ordained pastor in the denomination
of the Seventh Day Baptists, and the University is under the es-
pecial control of that denomination. President Kenyon was suc-
ceeded, in 1866, by the present incumbent, the Rev. J. Allen, Ph.
D., D. D. The University has received (1881) gifts and grants
as follows: From the State, $5,000; from Hon. George H. Bab-
cock, $50,000; from Mrs. Mary E. Lyons, $10,000; from all sources,
$240,000. These funds are thus distributed: Endowment, $135,-
000; buildings, library, cabinets, etc., $114,000.
1
The institution, situated in Alfred, Allegany county, New York,
is in a retired and healthy location. The College buildings are:
The University Hall, containing the Boarding Department and
rooms for the accommodation of about one hundred students, besides
rooms for the Professors and their families, and also society, music,
and painting rooms; the Chapel, containing chapel and recitation
rooms; Theological Hall, for the accommodation of the Theological
Department; a building for the English Department; the Observa-
tory and Gymnasium. Two new buildings are in process of con-
struction-one called the Kenyon Memorial Hall of Natural His-
tory; the other the Cabinet of Archæology and Art. The library
contains a choice collection of standard works, and receives yearly
additions. The Observatory is furnished with an equatorial refract-
ing telescope, a meridian circle, a sidereal chronometer, etc. Exten-
sive collections have been made in Archæology, Palæontology, and
several other departments of natural history. The institution is
designed for both males and females, furnishing them equal facilities
and granting them equal privileges. It has organized the following
departments: Primary, Preparatory, English, Academic, Collegiate
and Theological. It has established the following courses of study:
Normal, Classical, Scientific, Literary, Theological, Industrial Me-
chanics; also Special Course of Art and Music, Telegraphy, and an
Elective."
The Degrees conferred are as follows:
For the Classical Course, Bachelor of Arts.
For the Literary and Scientific Course, Laureate of Arts, Bach-
elor of Science or Philosophy, according to studies pursued.
For the Course of Industrial Mechanics, Bachelor of Industrial
Mechanics.
¹ Alfred village is two miles from Alfred station on the New York, Lake Erie
& Western [or "Erie "] Railroad.
"Erie "] Railroad. Good omnibus connections are made with every.
passenger train.
280
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
For the Normal, or Teacher's Course, Bachelor or Laureate of
Education.
The advanced degrees of A. M., S. M., Ph. M., M. J. M., and
E. M. are conferred in course, upon such as are entitled to them.
Students, who have satisfactorily completed all the courses in the
Conservatory of Music will, if graduates of any College of Arts,
receive the degree of Bachelor of Music.
The University has respectable collections, and library, an elegant
gymnasium and an observatory. The latter was reported in 1876
as furnished with a telescope with object glass of 9 inches clear aper-
ture, and 9.5 feet focus, a meridian circle 20 inches in diameter, with
telescope 3.25 inches clear aperture and 4.5 feet focus, reading by
verniers to 3 seconds of space, a sidereal chronometer, and filar mi-
crometer.
The annual tuition fees of the College are $32. Value of build-
ings and grounds, as given in Regents' report of 1884, $105,000; of
educational collections, $20,000; of invested funds, in bonds and
mortgages, $125,642.18. Debts, $26,159.94. Revenue, $12,878.59.
Number of Alumni and of Matriculates in Alfred University
each year from the beginning.
ALUMNI.
MATRICULATES.
ALUMNI.
MATRICULATES.
Gentlemen.
Ladies.
Total.
Gentlemen.
Ladies.
Total.
YEARS.
Gentlemen.
Ladies.
Total.
Gentlemen.
1836-37..
1837-38..
1838-39.
1839-40..
1840-41..
1841-42..
1842-43..
15
22
37 1860-61.. 9 14 23
81
58
139
15
21
36
1861-62.. 11 5
16
57
76
133
26
39
65
1862-63.. 11 15 26
81
81
162
29
33
62
1863-64.. 5
7
12
98
84
184
63
48
111
1864-65.. 5 4 9
121
S8
209
55
43
98
1865-66.. 5 6 11
118
78
196
79
36
115
1866-67.. 4 1 5
1843-44.. 13
1844-45..
1845-46..
1846-47..
1847-48..
→ ∞ ∞ ∞
34255
9
22
42
52
94
1867-68.. 1 3 4
3
3
3
1848-49.
5
1849-50..
152 111 263
127 114 241
111
81 192
12 160 104 264
1850-51.. 11 8 19 126 91 217
1851-52.. 9 12 21 122 84 206
1852-53.. 8 7 15 161
7585
91
62
153
1868-69.. 8 3
56
85 141
5
199
260
1869-70.. 1 4
1870-71.. 1
1871-72.. 1
1872-73.. 6
1873-74.. 10
1874-75.. 2
1875-76.. 9
1876-77.. 8
LO CO CO CO
IB&H LOLO
90
63
153
57
59
116
11
93
102
195
5
81 70
151
6
91
88
179
6
94
88
182
6 105
82
187
1853-54.. 9 11 16 136
103
239
1854-55.. 11 12 23
142
67
209
1877-78.. 2
1878-79.. 8
1855-56.. 16 8 24
1856-57.. 10 15 25 135 108 243
1857-58.. 13 10 23 116 99
1858-59.. 9 5 14 121
1859-60.. 5 13 18 102
139
86
225
1879-80.. 8 1
1880-81..
CO BOTH LOT
3
13
74 100
174
3
5
84
70
154
13
59
47
106
13
68
58
126
5
70
73
143
17
68
61
129
9
66
61
127
:
215 1881-82.. 5
83
204 1882-83..
78
180
1883-84.. 8 2
100000
6
11
8
1
9
10
≈NCA
4.6
65
111
69
69
137
72
63
89889
49
121
85
148
Whole number of Graduates to 1884, inclusive, 322.
}
Ladies.
Total.
HISTORY OF INGHAM UNIVERSITY.
281
I
PRESENT FACULTY (Regents' Report of 1884).
President, and Professor of Metaphysics and Ethics - Rev.
Jonathan Allen, D. D., Ph. D.
Registrar, and Professor of Modern Languages and Literature.
- Ida F. Kenyon, A. M.
Secretary, and Rogers Professor of Industrial Mechanics and
Mathematics Alpheus B. Kenyon, S. M.
Professor of Natural History-Rev. Ethan P. Larkin, A. M.,
Ph. D.
Babcock Professor of Natural Science and History - Henry C.
Coon, A. M., M. D.
Kenyon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature —
George Scott, A. M., Ph. M
Maxson Professor of the Greek Language and Literature
Edward M. Tomlinson, A. M.
INGHAM UNIVERSITY.
This institution was first established as the "Le Roy Female
Seminary," and was incorporated under that name by the Regents,
February 16, 1841. It was founded by two sisters named Mariette
and Emily Ingham - the former twelve years older than the other,
being remarkable for business tact, and the younger for her scholarly
accomplishments. They were from Saybrook, Conn., and settled
first in Attica, in 1835, but two years later removed to Le Roy.
Several Female Seminaries arose about this time or later in western
New York; one at Canandaigua, others in Geneva and one in Au-
burn, Albion and perhaps other places. Among these the one at
Le Roy enjoyed the full measure of success. On the 6th of April
1852, it was incorporated by the Legislature as the "Ingham Col-
legiate Institute," with twenty-four Trustees and power to establish
a Normal Department for the preparation of teachers, a Seminary
Department with a three years' course, and a Collegiate Department
of two years additional to the latter. They might grant diplomas
and honorary testimonials, in such form as might be designated, and
were subject to visitation by the Regents.
On the 28th of January, 1853, the institution was admitted by
the Regents to share in the Literature Fund, as had formerly been
done under the first name.
On the 3d of April, 1857, it was incorporated under its present
name with the usual collegiate powers, an Academic Department being
retained, and entitled to share as formerly in the Literature Fund.
In 1847, Miss E. E. Ingham became the wife of Colonel Phineas
282
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Staunton, who was thereafter associated in the management of the
institution until his death in 1867, at Quito, South America, while
on an expedition for the promotion of Science. Three years after,
Mrs. Staunton, in memory of her deceased husband, erected an Art
Conservatory, and in 1875, an addition to this building was erected
for an Art College.
Vacancies in the Board of Trustees are filled by the Presbyterian
Synod of Genesee, but other Christian Denominations are entitled
to representation in proportion to the funds contributed for support.
This institution, dating from 1852, claims to have been the first
to introduce a collegiate curriculum for the education of young
ladies, and the first that was empowered to grant diplomas.
The instruction given is divided into Elementary, Academic,
Classical, Literary, Music and Art.
Among the appliances for education there is provided in the art
building a collection of paintings, valued at more than $50,000, a
museum and a library of 4,000 volumes. The value of the grounds
and buildings are estimated in the report of 1884 at $143,000.
Revenue from tuition, $18,000, and from subscriptions, $20,000.
Expenditures for all purposes, $38,000. Annual tuition fees, from
$30 to $200.
A statement published in a historical sketch of this institution in
1876 shows an attendance from the beginning in 1840 of 6,434, and
322 graduates upon completion of the prescribed course, not includ-
ing 26 graduates in Music and Art. Of these there were, under the
organization of 1852 (1852-56 inclusive), 84 graduates and 1,228
attending. From 1857 to 1875 inclusive, the graduates numbered
158, and those attending, 3,205.
The reports from 1876 to the present time have been as follows
in the four classes of the Literary Course, and total numbers in other
departments:
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
* Formerly termed "Novians."
Total number of Graduates, 416.
Freshmen.*
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Total liter-
1876.
16
6
12
41
3 75
81
70
9
1877..
25
9
4
5
43
4
56
71
43
10
1878.
16
5
18
4
43
1
72
79
62
15
1879
17
2
5
9
33
40
59
16
1880..
13
2
8
4
27
8
52
51
7
1881..
13
3
7
23
21
58
70
20
1882....
12
4
5
3
24
31
68
109
5
1883..
52
9
5
4
70
31
28
14
ary under-
graduates.
Resident
graduates.
Preparatory
and special.
In music.
In art.
Graduates.
HISTORY OF ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE.
283
PRESENT FACULTY (Regents' Report of 1884).
-
President, and Professor of Moral Science Rev. E. B. Wads-
worth, D. D.
Registrar-J. Orton.
Secretary, and Teacher of English Literature - Mrs. E. K.
Hooker.
Metaphysics -Mrs. L. A. Parsons.
Classics and Mathematics - Miss C. E. Pitkin, A. B.
Modern Languages - Miss S. E. Von Leyfried.
Natural Science
Miss E. P. Ballentine, M. D.
Elocution Miss C. Budlong.
Director in Art-L. M. Wiles, A. M.
Oil Painting - Miss R. M. Shaw, A. P.
Instrumental Music - Miss F. M. Smith and Miss N. A. Graves.
ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE.
The need of a College in the Diocese of New York, for the train-
ing of candidates for orders, was first suggested by the Right Rev.
Jonathan M. Wainwright. It was also proposed by Mr. John Bard,
as a part of the church work commenced by him at Annandale,
Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1853. The first public statement of the
want was made by the Right Rev. Horatio Potter, and by the Rev.
John McVickar, in 1856. In accordance with these suggestions
the Diocesan Convention appointed a committee to take the subject
into consideration, and the same year the Rev. George F. Seymour,
Rector of the Church of the Holy Innocents at Annandale, received
several young men preparing for entrance into the General Theo-
logical Seminary.
In 1858 the Society for the Promotion of Religion and Learning
appropriated $1,000 to aid in the support of six students. The
church and parish school, erected by Mr. Bard, were burned De-
cember 27, 1858, and this checked further progress for a brief
period, but efforts were soon renewed with vigor, and the discussion
of the subject in its various bearings led to an offer of Mr. Bard to
convey the property intended for this use, valued at $60,000, with
an annual subscription of $1,000 a year "during his life and abil-
ity," as soon as an institution could be formed for receiving it.
This magnificent donation was received by the Convention in
1859, with grateful acknowledgments, and a Training School and
College, of which the nucleus had been formed, was resolved upon.
284
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
An assistant was engaged for Mr. Seymour, and on the 2d of Feb-
ruary, 1860, the Church of the Holy Innocents was consecrated.
On that date the Trustees resolved to raise $30,000 for a College
building, and on the 20th of March, 1860, a charter was granted by
the Legislature.'
The Trustees organized April 11, 1860, and building was com-
menced in July, 1861. The Rev. Thomas Richey, A. M., was
elected Warden, and entered upon his duties in September, 1861,
twelve students being then attending. This building and the south
wing was 40 by 80 feet, with rooms for twenty students and recita-
tion-rooms, apartments for matron, servants, etc., and a dining hall.
It was furnished complete by Mr. John Bard and Mr. John L. As-
pinwall, and Commencement exercises were held at the end of the
academic year.
In September, 1863, the Rev. Robert B. Fairbairn, M. A., who
had previously been Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso-
phy, succeeded Mr. Richey as Warden, and has since remained in
this office."
2
Besides the chapel, intended also as a Parish church, and the hall
above noticed, there is a wooden building for students, Ludlow and
Willink Hall for the residence of the Warden, a dining hall for 200
or more, and an Observatory, with an eight-inch achromatic tele-
scope, etc.
Plans for a building with accommodations for a hundred or more
students have been prepared. The two sections of the south end
were under construction at last report, with rooms for twenty-four
students.
In speaking of this institution Bishop Hopkins once remarked
when asked to write a history of this College, that he would prefer
to be its prophet. If it has no great amount of history, its friends
may claim with confidence that it has a future.
¹ The first Trustees under the charter were the Right Rev. Horatio Potter, D.
D., LL. D., D. C. L., the Hon. John V. L. Pruyn, LL. D., Rev. John McVicker,
D. D., the Rev. C. S. Henry, D. D., the Rev. John Ireland Tucker, D. D., the
Rev. Samuel Buel, M. A., Rev. George F. Seymour, M. A., Hon. Murray Hoff-
man, LL. D., Walter Langdon, Esq., James F. De Peyster, Esq., John L. Aspin-
wall, Esq., John Bard, Esq., Mrs. Margaret T. Bard, William A. Davies, Esq.,
Homer Ramsdell, Esq., and Henry W. Sargeant, Esq.
2 Mr. Fairbairn has since received the degrees of D. D. and LL. D.
HISTORY OF ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE.
285
YEARS ENDING IN—
Number of Students and of Graduates at St. Stephen's College
since its beginning.
Special and
preparatory.
Freshmen.
STUDENTS ATTENDING.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
1866..
13
14
12
6
4
49
1867
43
1868.
45
1869......
64
10
1870.
71
1871
1872..
71
...
30
12
11
14
5
72
1873.
23
12
12
10
14
71
14
1874..
27
13
11
8
10
69
10
1875.
29
18
10
9
8
74
1876.
26
17
18
10
9
80
1877..
19
15
17
18
11
80
10
1878
19
18
12
18
13
80
13
1879.
23
6
11
9
12
61
10
1880...
20
14
7
9
9
59
8
1881.
4
12
14
4
9
43
1882.
8
7
11
1883.
9
10
500
4
38
10
12
#2
41
HONOPPDHOODOBOOTH∞
4
6
2
5
7
5
8
9
8
7
4
8
1884..
Whole number of Graduates, 149.
PRESENT FACULTY (Regents' Report of 1884).
Warden, and Professor of Moral Philosophy — Rev. Robert
B. Fairbairn, D. D., LL. D.
Secretary and Professor of Latin Language and Literature-
Rev. George B. Hopson, M. A.
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature Rev. Wil-
liam W. Olssen, D. D.
Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy - James
Stryker, M. A.
Lecturer on Chemistry - John Aspinwall.
Tutors-William T. Elmer, B. A., and Rev. C. B. Mee.
Instructor in Music - H. A. L. Peabody.
Seniors.
Total.
Graduates.
286.
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER.
[Located at No. 49 West Fifteenth street, New York city.]
"This College was opened for purposes of instruction November
25, 1850, and was incorporated by the Regents in 1861,' with the
privileges of a University. It is conducted by the Fathers of the
Society of Jesus. Its first President was Rev. John Ryan, S. J.
It is a day college, affording a complete collegiate education.
2
By an amendment to its charter granted in an act passed April 7,
1870, this College was allowed to hold property yielding an income
not exceeding $75,000 per annum.
There are four distinct departments: The Post-graduate, Col-
legiate, Grammar and Preparatory. The Post-graduate course,
which leads to the degree of Master of Arts, occupies one year. It
comprises the study of Ethics, Natural Law, and the Law of Na-
tions. The mode of instruction is by lectures and text-books. The
students write essays on the subject-matter of the studies of the
class. The Collegiate course of studies, leading to the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, embraces a full course of religious instruction, the
Greek, Latin and English Languages, rhetoric, poetry, elocution,
history, geography, a complete course of mathematics, chemistry,
natural, intellectual and moral philosophy.
Especial attention is given to Latin, and the students are taught
to speak and write in that language. French and German are
elective studies.
The Preparatory course, for beginners, consists of three classes,
in which the pupils are carefully taught catechism, spelling, reading,
writing, English grammar, geography, arithmetic and French. The
January 10, 1861. The petition upon which a provisional charter was granted
states that their grounds had a front of 175 feet by 103 feet in depth, on Fifteenth
street, with two adjacent lots on Sixteenth street, 42 feet front by 103 in depth. A
large four-story building had been erected, for use as a College, and a library of
6,000 volumes formed, with apparatus and collections, lecture and class-rooms,
chapel and parlors, sufficient for present use. A subscription of $100,000 had
been pledged by Remigius J. Tellier, Theodore Thiry, and Michael Driscoll, as
soon as Trustees were legally created to receive it. The first Trustees were Re-
migius Tellier, Michael Driscoll, Hippolyte Deluynes, Joseph Dunthaler, Peter
Tissot, Henry Duranquet, Joseph Loyzance, Henry Hudson, August Thibaud and
Richard Baxter.
The conditions as to subscription having been performed, the charter was de-
clared absolute December 2, 1862. The property was then valued at $150,340, on
which there was a mortgage of $35,000.
By an agreement perpetual, the Society of Jesus agrees to furnish suitable
Professors and Tutors without salary or pay beyond support.
2 Chap. 146, Laws of 1870.
HISTORY OF COLLEGE ST. FRANCIS XAVIER.
287
young pupils are entirely separated from the older students of the
College during class hours and recess. The College has acquired its
property entirely from the donations of friends, and has received no
aid from the State either for its endowment or support. Its annual
income is derived from the receipts from students, rents of houses
and city lots owned by the College, and special annual donations
made by its friends. Its buildings and grounds are valued at $194,-
000; its library and other educational collections at $44,000; other
real estate, $240,700. Its revenue for 1881 amounted to $20,907,
made up from: Receipts from students, $16,900, and from other
sources, $4,007. The main College building, situated on Fifteenth
street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, is a commodious structure
of one hundred and twenty by sixty feet. It contains the lecture
and recitation-rooms, laboratory, museum and library; it is four
stories high, and is surmounted by a large cupola. There are three
other buildings used for College purposes, the whole occupying
eleven city lots. The large building on Sixteenth street contains
class-rooms for the Preparatory course. The College library con-
tains about fifteen thousand volumes; the students' library about
five thousand. The philosophical apparatus comprises all the instru-
ments which are necessary for an ordinary experimental course.
The Chemical Department consists of a lecture-room and laboratory.
The lecture-room is fitted for a complete course of theoretical chem-
istry with experiments, and the laboratory is provided with every
thing necessary for qualitative analysis. Diagrams to explain the
technical branches are in readiness, and there is also a fine chemical
and technological collection, as well as mineralogical, geological,
zoological and botanical specimens to the number of ten thousand.
Seventeen scholarships have been founded, each costing its donor
$1,000, the annnal interest of which ($60) pays for the tuition
of the student who holds the scholarship. Besides, gratuitous tuition
is given annually to about fifty students. Six gold medals, worth
$50 each, and several silver medals, are annually awarded; the do-
nors of these medals are graduates and friends of the College. The
expenses are: Tuition, per quarter, $15; drawing, per quarter, $5 ;
entrance fee, $5; library fee, per year, $2.
The students in 1881-82 numbered: Post-graduate course, 12;
Collegiate course, 145; Grammar course, 190; Preparatory course,
156. The graduates in course (A. B.) for 1881 were 20, and from
the origin, 352. Very few honorary degrees have been conferred.
John G. Shea, the historian, received the degree of Doctor of Laws,
in 1862, and General John Wenton the same degree in 1875."
288
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS ENDING
IN-
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation at the College of St.
Francis Xavier (New York City) as reported annually to the
Regents.
Freshmen.
(Classics)
Sophomores.
(Belles-Lettres)
UNDERGRADUATES.
Juniors.
(Rhetoric)
Seniors.
(Philosophy)
Total.
Graduates.
(A. B.)
Resident or Post-
Graduates.
Undergraduate
Classes.
Students not in
1861....
1862...
26
1863..
1864..
1865.
1866..
1867..
1868..
********
19
13
14
5
51
22
12
16
76
15
201
5
220
291
28
19
15
11
73
11
26
23
14
17
77
12
29
16
17
17
79
14
26
24
14
7
71
6
• 10 10 N
347
5
455
4
485
426
25
22
19
13
79
11
483
34
22
19
24
99
8
444
1869..
32
22
17
17
88
26
9
459
1870..
35
23
17
8
83
13
3
506.
1871..
37
29
17
16
99
20
378
1872.
32
27
21
10
90
23
357
1873..
24
22
20
14
80
21
349
1874..
26
21
13
18
78
23
401
1875..
33
17
12
19
81
28
375
1876..
40
17
15
17
89
17
377
1877..
43
27
17
16
103
24
325
1878..
51
41
21
15
128
23
349
1879..
49
41
39
32
161
32
379
1880..
53
33
35
34
155
46
270
1881..
1882.
1883..
20+8
45
46
24.
30
145
20
12
32
30
20
19
101
22
28
20
15
16
79
11
***
* Not reported.
PRESENT FACULTY (Regents' Report of 1884).
President-Rev. Samuel H. Frisbie, S. J.
Vice-President, and Prefect of Studies - Rev. William Par-
dow, S. J.
Director of the Choir, Instructor in German-Rev. John B.
Young, S. J.
Professor of Moral Philosophy
Rev. Neil N. McKinnon, S. J.
Professor of Mental Philosophy and Evidences of Religion
Rev. John B. Prendergast, S. J.
Professor of History. Librarian-Rev. Maurice Romayne,
S. J.
Professor of Physics, Chemistry and Geology - John Wynne,
S. J.
Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Director of the
HISTORY OF VASSAR COLLEGE.
289
Mathematical Course, Librarian of Students' Library — John D.
Whitney, S. J.
Professor of Rhetoric, of Evidences of Religion, and of Elocu-
tion Rev. Thomas J. Campbell, S. J.
Professor of Belles-Lettres, Instructor in French - Lawrence
Kavanagh S. J.
Professor of Classics - Rev. Dennis A. Kelley, S. J.
Instructor in French - Raphael V. O'Connell, S. J.
Instructor in German-Joseph D. Harrigan, A. B., M. D.
Teacher in Drawing - Emile A. Risler, S. J.
VASSAR COLLEGE.
This institution owes its existence to the munificence of Matthew
Vassar, a wealthy citizen of Poughkeepsie, who, during his life-
time and under his personal notice, caused buildings to be erected,
and supplied with abundant facilities for the operation of a Fe-
male College of the first class. It was incorporated by act of
January 18, 1861,¹ under the name of "Vassar Female College,"
with full power to grant honors and degrees to the same extent
as any other University, College or Seminary of Learning in the
United States. The yearly income of its property was not to ex-
ceed $40,000 a year. The founder, Matthew Vassar, was allowed
to give by his last will and testament, or otherwise, any portion
of his estate, any existing statute to the contrary notwithstanding.
The idea of founding a Female College upon a magnificent
scale appears to have been entertained by Mr. Vassar for about
five years, and it is said that the suggestion was discussed with
Professor Milo P. Jewett, who had been at the head of a large
school for young women in Alabaina, and came to reside in Pough-
keepsie in the spring of 1855. They were members of the Central
Baptist Church, and the views of Professor Jewett were very
1 Chapter 2, Laws of 1861, p. 8.
The first Trustees were Matthew Vassar, Ira Harris, William Kelly, James
Harper, Martin B. Anderson, John Thompson, Edward Lathrop, Charles W.
Swift, E. L. Magoon, S. M. Buckingham, Milo P. Jewett, Nathan Bishop.
Matthew Vassar, Jr., Benson J. Lossing, E. G. Robinson, Samuel F. B. Morse, S.
S. Constant, John Guy Vassar, William Hayne, Rufus Babcock, Cornelius Dubois,
John H. Raymond, Morgan L. Smith, Cyrus Swan, George W. Sterling, George
T. Pierce, Sheldon Smith, Joseph C. Doughty and A. L. Allen.
Nine were to form a quorum, except that real estate could not be bought or
sold, except by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the Trustees.
37
290
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
liberal and advanced in regard to this subject. Mr. Vassar was a
man of vast wealth and he had no children. His sound practical
foresight enabled him to foresee the great benefits that he might
confer, by establishing an institution upon an enduring basis, and
advancing years admonished him that whatever he might do,
should not be long delayed, and he doubtless cherished the hope
of being able to witness the first results of his enterprise.
The charter was procured as already stated, having been pressed
through both Houses in advance of all other bills, and became
a law near the beginning of the session. He immediately noti-
fied the Trustees of their appointment, and requested them to meet
in the parlor of the Gregory (now Morgan) House, in Poughkeep-
sie, on the 26th of February, 1861, in order that he might present
to them his views and wishes. The meeting assembled and organ-
ized, and after an opening by prayer, Mr. Vassar arose and read
from a paper as follows:
"GENTLEMEN - As my long-cherished purpose-to apply a
large portion of my estate to some benevolent object-
is now
about to be accomplished, it seems proper that I should submit to
you a statement of my motives, views and wishes.
"It having pleased God that I should have no descendants to
inherit my property, it has long been my desire, after suitably pro-
viding for those of my kindred who have claims on me, to make
such a disposition of my means as should best honor God and benefit
my fellow-men. At different periods I have regarded various plans
with favor, but these have all been dismissed one after another,
until the SUBJECT OF ERECTING AND ENDOWING A COLLEGE FOR
YOUNG WOMEN was presented for my consideration. The more
carefully I examined it, the more strongly it commended itself to
my judgment and interested my feelings.
"It occurred to me that woman, having received from her Creator
the same intellectual constitution as man, has the same right as man
to intellectual culture and development.
"I considered that the MOTHERS of a country mould the character
of its citizens, determine its institutions, and shape its destiny.
"Next to the influence of the mother is that of the FEMALE
TEACHER, who is employed to train young children at a period
when impressions are most vivid and lasting.
"It also seemed to me, that if woman were properly educated,
some new avenues of useful and honorable employment, in entire
harmony with the gentleness and modesty of her sex, might be
opened to her.
"It further appeared, that there is not in our country, there is
not in the world, so far as is known, a fully endowed institution.
for the education of women.
HISTORY OF VASSAR COLLEGE.
291
་
"It was also in evidence that for the last thirty years, the standard
of education for the sex has been constantly rising in the United
States; and the great, felt, pressing want has been ample endow-
ments to secure to Female Seminaries the elevated character, the
stability and permanence of our best Colleges.
"And now, gentlemen, influenced by these and similar considera-
tions, after devoting my best powers to the study of the subject for
a number of years past; after duly weighing the objections against
it, and the arguments that preponderate in its favor; and the pro-
ject having received the warmest commendations of many promi-
nent literary men and public educators, as well as the universal ap-
proval of the public press, I have come to the conclusion, that the
establishment and endowment of a College for the education of young
wonen is a work which will satisfy my highest aspirations, and will
be, under God, a rich blessing to this city and State, to our country
and the world.
"It is my hope to be the instrument, in the hands of Providence,
of founding and perpetuating an institution which shall accomplish
for young, women what our Colleges are accomplishing for young
men.
"In pursuance of this design, I have obtained from the Legisla-
ture an act of incorporation, conferring on the proposed Seminary
the corporate title of Vassar Female College,' and naming you,
gentlemen, as the first Trustees. Under the provisions of this
charter you are invested with all the powers, privileges and immuni-
ties which appertain to any College or University in this State.
"To be somewhat more specific in the statement of my views as
to the character and aims of the College: I wish that the course of
study should embrace at least the following particulars: The English
Language and its Literature; other Modern Languages; the Ancient
Classics, so far as may be demanded by the spirit of the times; the
Mathematics, to such an extent as may be deemed advisable; all the
branches of Natural Science, with full apparatus, cabinets, collec-
tions, and conservatories for visible illustrations; Anatomy, Physi-
ology and Hygiene, with practical reference to the laws of the health
of the sex; Intellectual Philosophy; the Elements of Political
Economy; some knowledge of the Federal State Constitutions and
Laws; Moral Science, particularly as bearing on the filial, conjugal
and parental relations; Esthetics, as treating of the beauties in Na-
ture and Art, and to be illustrated by an extensive Gallery of Art;
Domestic Economy, practically taught, so far as possible, in order to
prepare the graduates readily to become skillful housekeepers; last,
and most important of all, the daily, systematic Reading and Study
of the Holy Scriptures, as the only and all sufficient rule of Christian
faith and practice..
יו
"All sectarian influences should be carefully excluded, but the train-
ing of our students should never be intrusted to the skeptical, the
irreligious, or the immoral.
"In forming the first Board of Trustces, I have selected represen
292
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
tatives from the principal Christian denominations among us; and
in filling the vacancies which may occur in this body, as also in ap-
pointing the Professors, Teachers, and other Officers of the College,
Í trust à like catholic spirit will always govern the Trustees.
"It is not my purpose to make VASSAR FEMALE COLLEGE a charity
school, whose advantages shall be free to all without charge; for
benefits so cheaply obtained, are cheaply held; but it is believed the
funds of the institution will enable it to offer all the highest educa-
tional facilities at a moderate expense, as compared with the cost of
instruction in existing Seminaries. I earnestly hope the funds will
also prove sufficient to warrant the gratuitous admission of indigent
students annually at least, by regarding the amount remitted, in
most cases, as a loan, to be subsequently repaid from the avails of
teaching, or otherwise. Preference should be given to beneficiaries
of decided promise- such as are likely to distinguish themselves
in some particular department or pursuit — and, especially to those
who propose to engage in the teaching of the young as a profession.
"I desire that the College may be provided with commodious
buildings, containing ample apartments for public instruction, and at
the same time affording to the inmates the safety, quiet, privacy, and
purity of the family.
"And now, gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, I transfer to
your possession and ownership the real and personal property which
I have set apart for the accomplishment of my designs.
""
Then delivering a small box containing the funds and the titles of
his gift, he continued:
"I beg permission to add a brief general expression of my views
in regard to the most judicious use and management of the funds.
After the College edifice has been erected and furnished with all
needful aids and appliances for imparting the most perfect education
of body, mind and heart, it is my judgment and wish that the
amount remaining in hand should be safely invested to remain
as a principal, only the annual income of which should be expended
in the preservation of the buildings and grounds; the support of
the Faculty; the replenishing and enlarging of the library, cabi-
net, art gallery, etc., and in adding to the capital on hand; so
that the College, instead of being impoverished, and tending to
decay from year to year, shall always contain within itself the
elements of growth and expansion, of increasing power, prosperity
and usefulness.
"In conclusion, gentlemen, this enterprise, which I regard as the
last great work of my life, I commit to you as a sacred trust, which
I feel assured you will discharge with fidelity and uprightness,
with wisdom and prudence, with ability and energy.
"It is my fervent desire that I may live to see the institution in
successful operation, and, if God shall give me life and strength, I
IIISTORY OF VASSAR COLLEGE.
293
shall gladly employ my best faculties in coöperating with you to
secure the full and perfect consummation of the work before us."
The Trustees without delay began preparations for building upon
a farm of 200 acres, about two miles south-east of the central part of
Poughkeepsie, the plans being furnished by James Renwick, Jr.,
the architect of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. It was
out of sight of the river, but in the midst of quiet rural scenery.
Ground was first broke on the 4th of June, 1861, and the building
was completed early in 1865.
Professor Jewett, the friend and adviser of Mr. Vassar, was ap-
pointed first President, and he was sent to Europe to observe what-
ever might be useful in the way of female education. He returned
with the impression that however successful foreign schools might
prove, in their circumstances, the differences in this country required
great modification, and that little could be learned from the systems
abroad. Mr. Jewett resigned in the spring of 1864, and John H.
Raymond, LL. D., a successful educator of long experience, was
chosen to his place. He remained in the office until his death in
1878, when the Rev. Samuel L. Caldwell, D. D., the present incum-
bent, was appointed.
Mr. Vassar served as Chairman of the Executive Committee until
June 17, 1865, when he requested Nathan Bishop, LL. D., one of
his first-chosen Trustees, to accept the place. He continued, how-
ever, an earnest member of the Board of Trustees, keeping himself
informed of all measures proposed or adopted, and participating in
the discussion of all questions that concerned the organization and
welfare of the College, which he had chosen to make the crowning
labor of his life. He was accustomed to embody the matured results
of his reflections during the year, in an annual written address
which he read at the annual meetings of the Board.
The last of these occasions was on a beautiful morning, June 23,
1868. He had been suffering of late from a functional derangement
of the heart, which at times occasioned difficulty in breathing, yet
without materially affecting his general health. But on this morn-
ing he felt better than usual, and drove to the College at the hour
appointed for the meeting. The Board convened at 11 a. M., and
Mr. Vassar proceeded to read his address.
It was somewhat longer than usual, and as his tones were feeble,
and he read sitting, the members gathered closer around him, and
listened in profound silence. Suddenly, when he had almost finished,
294
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
his voice ceased, the paper dropped from his hand, his head fell
back upon the chair, and he was dead!
When an hour later, the Trustees reassembled to listen to the
closing paragraph of the address, it was found to be as follows:
"And now, gentlemen, on closing these remarks, I would humbly
and solemnly implore the Divine Goodness to continue His smiles
and favor on your institution, and to bestow on all hearts connected
therewith His love and blessing, having peculiarly protected us by
His Providence through all our College trials for three consecutive
years without a single death in our Board, or serious illness or death
of one of the pupils within our College walls. Wishing you, gen-
tlemen, a continuance of health and happiness, I bid you a cordial
and final farewell. Thanking you kindly for your official attentions
and services, and not expecting, from my advanced years and in- ·
creasing infirmities, to meet with you officially again, I implore the
Divine Goodness to guide and direct you aright in all your official
councils."
Mr. Vassar was born near the city of Norwich, England, April
29, 1792, and was a little over 76 years of age at the time of his
death.
}
We will now give some account of the College that he founded.
The main College building, of dull-red brick, pointed off with
black mortar, is about 500 feet long, about 200 broad in the centre
and 164 feet at the transverse wings. The trimmings are of blue
free-stone. The centre building and the wings are five stories high,
and the connecting portions four stories, affording apartments for
the resident officers, and about 400 students, besides a full comple-
ment of managers and servants.
It contains suites of recitation and lecture-rooms, and rooms for
instruction in music and painting, a chapel, dining-hall, parlors,
library, art gallery, apparatus, laboratory and cabinet-rooms, with a
full equipment in the way of water supply, and for warming by
steam, and lighting by gas.
Mr. Vassar's first gift was $408,000, for the carrying out of his
design. In 1864, he purchased an Art Gallery and Library, at a
cost of $20,000. Before his death he loaned moneys for additional
constructions, to the amount of $75,000, which was cancelled by his
will. He further made the College the residuary legatee of his es-
tate, from which there was to be applied $50,000 for a "Lecture
Fund," $50,000 for an "Auxiliary Fund," for aiding worthy young
+
HISTORY OF VASSAR COLLEGE.
295
women, $50,000 for a "Library, Art and Cabinet Fund," and the
residue (about $125,000) as a "Repair Fund."
The various gifts of Mr. Vassar amounted to about $778,000.
The other principal donations (as reported in 1873) were: A col-
lection of North American Birds (from Mr. J. P. Girard, of Pough-
keepsie), valued at from $10,000 to $15,000, and a permanent Schol-
arship secured by Alanson J. Fox, of Painted Post, N. Y., at $6,000.
The funds of this College have been recently increased by the
following bequests from Matthew Vassar, Jr., viz.; $50,000 for a
Scholarship Fund, $40,000 for a Professorship of Greek and Latin
Languages and Literatures, and $40,000 for a Professorship of Physics
and Chemistry.
Upon the College grounds and adjacent is an ample and well-
equipped Gymnasium, and about eight hundred feet to the north-
east an Observatory, consisting of an octagonal central building,
surrounded by a dome and two wings, making the entire length 82
feet. The revolving dome is 25 feet 7 inches in diameter. The
equatorial has an object glass of 12 3-5 inch aperture, and a focal
length of 16 feet. The Observatory is provided with an Astro-
nomical Clock, Chronograph, Transit and Meridian Circle, etc., for
practical astronomical work.
The students are of two classes, "Regular Collegiates," who pur-
sue a four years' course, leading upon approved examinations to the
Baccalaureate degree of " A. B.," and beyond this upon completion
of further study and an examination, to the second degree of Arts
"A. M."— and "Specials" or "Irregular Collegiates," who pursue
a more limited course.
The aim and object of the College, as set forth in general terms
by Mr. Vassar, in the paper which he read at the time when the
property was turned over to the Trustees, has been regarded as the
basis of the plan of instruction since followed, but with some modi-
fication of details.
On the 1st of February, 1867, the word "Female" was stricken
out of the title first given, by the Legislature, so as to read "Vas-
SAR COLLEGE.”
The progress of this institution from year to year, as to attend-
ance, has been as follows:
296
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
Attendance and Graduation at Vassar College.
Freshmen.
1867...
46
42
23
4 189
78
386
4
1868...
37
43
36
25
123
75
339
25
1869..
61
33
32
36
72
2
126
362
34
1870..
67
45
26
33
42
167
382
34
1871..
66
53
33
22
55
151
381
21
1872..
77
53
47
28
58
151
415
29
1873...
81
62
45
47
•
41
135
411
47
1874..
93
56
47
43
21
· 10
5
146
411
42
1875..
63
58
51
42
11
159
384
41
1876..
49
43
44
47
20
2
166
371
46
1877..
51
46
40
45
23
1
132
338
45
1878..
50
45
40
42
33
3
118
15
346
46
1879..
48
38
48
36
26
1
84
25
306
36
1880..
39
44
35
46
18
86
29
303
46
1891..
36
1892.
38
1883..
42
15285
37
37
36
29
30
8888888
39
39
33
40
3320
28
30
29
·326
38
215
35
38 215
\ 58 238
388
39
172
7
2
39
Present FACULTY (As given in Regents' Report of 1884).
President, and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy
Rev. Samuel L. Caldwell, D. D.
Lady Principal — Abby F. Goodsell, A. B.; (Assistant) Nannie
B. De Saussure.
Professor of Astronomy, and Director of Observatory — Maria
Mitchell, LL. D.
Professor of Rhetoric and of English Language and Literature
Truman T. Backus, A. M.¹
!
Professor of Greek and Latin Language and Literature--
Charles F. Hinkel, Ph. D.
Professor of Physics and Chemistry - Le Roy C.Cooley, Ph. D.
Professor of Mathematics - Priscilla H. Braislin.
Professor of Natural History and Curator of Museum-Wil-
liam B. Dwight, A. M.
Professor of Philosophy and Hygiene and Resident Physician
Mary E. Allen, M. D.
Professor of Drawing and Painting - Henry Van Ingen.
Professor of Music - Frederic Louis Ritter, Mus. Doc.
Librarian Frances A. Wood.
¹Since appointed Principal of Packer Collegiate Institute.
HISTORY OF MANHATTAN COLLEGE.
297
Teachers (Botany), Charlotte C. Haskell; (Music), Charlotte E.
Finch, A. M., L. Annie Whitney, Sarah H. Hubbard, L. Adella
Bliss, Clara J. Pearne, Mary B. IIartwell; (Vocal Music), Ida C.
De Witt; (Greek and Latin) Abbie M. Goodwin; (English Compo-
sition), Helen C. Hiscock, A. M.; Mary A. Jordan, A. M. ; (French),
Rosalie Sée; (German), Minna Hinkel; (Gymnastics), A da Thurston;
(Mathematics), Martha Hillard, A. B.; (Latin), Arletta M. Abbott,
A. B., Mary Evelyn Hakes, A. B., Lucy Tappen, A. B.; (Rhetoric
and Anglo-Saxon), Mary Augusta Scott, A. M.
MANHATTAN College.
This College was founded in 1853, and was incorporated by the
Regents, April 3, 1863. It had, while a private institution, main-
tained a Collegiate course, and the charter only gave it the power to
confer degrees. It is located upon a rising plateau that overlooks
the Hudson, at Manhattanville, in the city of New York. Its
grounds extend from the old Kingsbridge road to the Grand Boule-
vard, and from One Hundred and Thirty-first to One Hundred and
Thirty-third street. The buildings are of brick, spacious, but ir-
regular from additions, and command a beautiful prospect. The
first floor is devoted to boarding arrangements; the second to the
museum, parlors and offices, music halls and declamation rooms, and
above this recitation rooms, study hall, library, apparatus and dormi-
tories.
The collections in Mineralogy, Zoology and other departments of
Natural History are fine and extensive, the College authorities fully
realizing the educating influences which these studies afford. The
proximity of the College to the museum and collections of the Cen-
tral park present unusual facilities in this line.
The location is quiet and healthful, and the whole establishment ad-
mirably well arranged. It is easily accessible from the city, yet free
from the noise and bustle of its active life. The buildings first erected
having proved inadequate, they have since been united by a structure
which increases their capacity fully one-third.
As the pressure became felt for more room, the authorities ac-
quired one hundred acres of land at Classen-on-the-Sound, and estab-
lished the Junior Department in buildings thereon. These build-
ings are large, commodious and admirably situated on a tongue of
land that projects into Long Island sound. The corporation also owns
the De La Salle School on Second street, between First and Second
38
298
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
avenues, comprising three brick buildings, and also Manhattan
Academy, on Thirty-second street, between Seventh and Eighth
avenues; a large four story building serving as a Preparatory School.
This College is owned and conducted by the Brothers of the
Christian Schools, an order founded by De La Salle in France more
than two centuries ago, and wholly devoted to the education of
youth. It now has branches in every quarter of the globe, and num-
bers over 12,000 Brothers, and more than half a million of pupils.
In the United States there are one hundred Colleges, Academies and
schools in charge of 1,300 Brothers.
The system of instruction employed is thorough; and as the stu-
dents are always in the presence of the teachers or Prefects, in the
chapel, the study-hall, the recitation-room aud the playground, no
moment is lost in the educating influences that surround them. The
opportunity is thus afforded of learning the character, capacity and
natural inclination of each student, while stated examinations and a
daily record, afford the means of knowing the progress made. Care
is taken that the studies are not merely memorized, but fully under-
stood, and a practical application is made of such subjects as relate
to the affairs of active life. The utilization of knowlege is kept
steadily in view. Debates are held frequently, by which the habit
of extemporaneous speaking is acquired, and the means afforded for
illustrating specific themes by references to history, philosophy, and
general and international law. The modern languages are taught、
with reference to their practical applications, and Latin is used as
the spoken language, in which philosophy is taught. The black-
board is used continually in all studies where it can be applied.
The Library numbers about 10,000 volumes, and has been en-
riched by the collections bequeathed by the Rev. John Breen and
the late Edward B. Sears, LL. D., containing many rare and valuable
works. The apparatus for teaching the various branches of physics
is ample.
There are several College societies, for the cultivation of literary
tastes, and particular attention is given to the cultivation of elocu-
tion, and to an easy and polished style of delivery, which marks the
graduates of this College.
An Alumni society was formed in 1870, for the promotion of an
interest in the institution, and now numbers about 260, most of
whom are engaged in the learned professions, and especially that of the
Law. The medical profession is also well represented. Medals and
prizes are offered for successful attainments and with the best effect.
HISTORY OF MANHATTAN COLLEGE.
299
This College has no endowments, and is supported almost exclu-
sively by the moneys paid by students. The price of tuition, board,
etc., is about $300 per session, not including German, Drawing and
Music. The tuition in the Preparatory schools, is $40. There are
no free scholarships, and no special provision is made for the aid of
indigent students.
This College has about twelve professors, mostly known by their
religious names, as is the custom of their Order. They have as their
specialties; History and Philosophy of Literature and Logic;
Oratory and French; Latin and Greek; Philosophy; Natural
Science; German; Mathematics; Elocution; Linear Drawing, and
History.
The College has a Classical, a Scientific and a Commercial Course.
It grants the degree of Bachelor of Arts in course, and commercial
diplomas to those taking the course of the Commercial Department.
No general entrance examination is held; the students being ex-
amined and classified upon entering, according to their attainments.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation at Manhattan College
(New York City) as reported annually to the Regents.
UNDERGRADUATES.
YEARS ENDING IN-
Freshmen.
(Classics)
Sophomores.
(Belles-Lettres)
(0.1038qg)
Juniors.
(Philosophy)
Seniors.
Total.
Graduates.
(A. B.)
In Preparatory
Classes.
1864..
1865.
1866..
•
35
325
44
458
•
46
1867...
1868.
1869.
52
64
551
655
17
19
16
57
3
658
23
14
14
8
59
7
626
1870.
1871..
1872..
37
12
7
56
7
672
..
34
15
6
11
66
10
565
35
20
15
6
76
5
630
1873.
28
25
16
11
80
593
1874..
32
30
19
14
95
12
557
1875.
34
30
16
25
105
12
537
·· •
1876.
38
24
21
17
100
14
501
1877..
36
34
20
14
104
12
442
1878..
32
30
24
15
101
15
439
•
•
1879.
31
26
21
18
96
17
418
•
1880.
38
31
24
12
105
12
425
· •
1881.
52
33
15
14
114
14
+
1882.
74
42
29
15
160
15
+
1883.
47
35
29
25
*186
25
·
1884..
26
++
* Including 50 in sub-Freshman class.
+ Not reported.
r
300
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
By an act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, entitled "An act
donating public lands to the several States and Territories, which
may provide Colleges for the benefit of Agriculture and the Me-
chanic Arts," there was granted to each State a quantity equal to
30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress, and
all moneys derived from the sale of these lands were to be safely in-
vested, and the proceeds inexorably appropriated by the States for
the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one College,
"where the leading object shall be, without excluding other classi-
cal studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of
learning as are related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, in such
manner as the Legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe,
in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the indus-
trial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.”
2
This gave 990,000 acres to New York, which if sold at the estab-
lished Government price of $1.25 per acre, would yield a fund of
$1,237,500, which, at five per cent, would give $61,875 per annum.
The Hon. EZRA CORNELL, of Ithaca, was at that time a member
of Assembly, and President of the State Agricultural Society, and
in his address delivered a few months after, in alluding to the recent
grant by Congress, he said:
¹ See Statutes at Large, XII, p. 503.
2 EZRA CORNELL was born at Westchester Landing, N. Y., January 11, 1807,
and was the son of Elijah Cornell, a native of Swansea, Mass. In 1819 he re-
moved with his parents to De Ruyter, and in 1828 came to Ithaca, and worked first
as a carpenter, but afterward in milling and manufacturing, and for ten years in
the employment of Jeremiah S. Beebe, whose business, amounting to hundreds of
thousands of dollars annually, passed through his hands. In 1840, Mr Beebe re-
tired from business, and Mr. Cornell became interested in a newly-patented plow,
which led to extensive travels. When the Electric Telegraph was about coming
into use, he became concerned and devised a plan for burying an insulated wire.
This plan did not then succeed, but his connection with the telegraph, thus be-
gan, expanded immensely in his hands, and he became largely interested in the
construction of new lines, in which he acquired a large estate, and became an in-
fluential Director. He was a member of the National Republican Convention at
Pittsburgh in 1856, President of the New York State Agricultural Society in 1862,
and a delegate to the Royal Agricultural Exhibition in London in that year. He
founded the Cornell Library at Ithaca in 1863, was a member of the Assembly in
1862-3, and of the State Senate in 1864-8. He died in Ithaca, December 9, 1874.
In the later years of his life Mr. Cornell made great exertions toward securing in-
creased railroad facilities for connection with Ithaca, and he invested nearly $2,-
000,000 in the Geneva, Ithaca and Athens, and the Utica, Ithaca and Elmira Rail
roads; but the panic of 1873 prevented his investment from proving a success.
·
301
HISTORY OF THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
"This is a high trust, confided by the Nation to the farmers and
mechanics of the country, and they must see to it that it is not
diverted from its proper channel, nor impaired in its usefulness by
subdivisions among weak and inefficient institutions. It is a proper
and legitimate duty of this society to foster the cause of Agricultural
and Mechanical education, and watch with jealous care the appro-
priation of this National College Fund, to the end that it is not
perverted from the lofty purpose for which it was set apart by Con-
gress.
"",
Various plans were proposed for the application of this fund,
and strong efforts were made to secure a distribution among the
existing Colleges of the State; but this measure was successfully
opposed by those who saw that the benefits would be dissipated
without adequate results by this course.
The "New York State Agricultural College" at Ovid might,
perhaps, have been regarded by some as the proper recipient of this
grant; but its affairs were hopelessly entangled, and it had already
proved a failure. The "People's College," at Havana, had been
chartered nine years before, upon a plan that should combine intel-
lectual, moral and physical training, in an "improved" system no-
where yet fully realized, but its friends were still sanguine of suc-
cess, and through their influence the whole of this grant was given
to that institution May 14, 1863,¹ upon condition that its Trustees
should within three years show to the satisfaction of the Regents
that they were prepared with a certain outfit specified in detail,
entirely owned and free of debt. These conditions the Trustees of
the People's College found themselves unable to fulfill.
Mr. Cornell was at this time in the State Senate, and brought into
intimate relations with Mr. Andrew D. White, Senator from Onon-
daga. Both were particularly zealous in opposing the schemes for
partition of the fund that were urged, especially by certain sectarian
Colleges, and in these efforts they were most heartily supported by
Senators Charles J. Folger (late Secretary of the Treasury), Samuel
Campbell, of Oneida, James M. Cook, of Saratoga, George H. An-
drews, of Otsego, Palmer V. Havens, of Essex, Cheney Ames, of
Oswego, and by strong influences in the Assembly and outside of
the Legislature.
Mr. Cornell was then engaged in founding the "Cornell Free
Library in Ithaca," at a cost of $80,000, and his interest in this
subject of an undivided appropriation of the Land Grant, strength-
ened no doubt by the counsels of those in harmony with him,
1 Chap. 511, Laws of 1863.
302
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
led to an expansion of an idea, congenial to his nature and fortu-
nately within his means, of offering a munificent endowment, in ad-
dition to the grant from Congress, upon condition that the fund
should be kept together. He offered to give $500,000, and the
proposal being received with favor, Mr. White brought in a bill to
incorporate the Cornell University. This after a long and weary
struggle became a law, April 27, 1865. It constituted Ezra Cor-
nell, William Kelly, Horace Greeley, Josiah B. Williams, Wm.
Andrus, John McGraw, George W. Schuyler, Hiram Sibley, J.
Meredith Reed, John M. Parker and associates a corporation with
full powers to establish a University in the town of Ithaca. The
Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Speaker of Assembly, Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction, President ex-officio of the State Agri-
cultural Society, Librarian of the Cornell Library, and the eldest,
male lineal descendant of Ezra Cornell were made members of the
Board, and these, with the ten persons above named, were to elect
seven other persons to act with themselves as a full Board of Trus-
tees. At no time could a majority of the Board be of any religious
sect, or of no religious sect.2
The farm and grounds were to consist of not less than 200 acres.
The amount of property that might be held was not to exceed $3,-
000,000. The act was not to take effect unless Mr. Cornell within
six months proved to the satisfaction of the Comptroller that a fund
of at least $500,000 had been given absolutely, and without any.
condition whatever, for this object.
The friends of Genesee College having secured a diversion of
$25,000 for the establishment of a Professorship of Agricultural
Chemistry, Mr. Cornell was required to pay this amount for that
purpose."
The Trustees of People's College were still allowed three months
to fulfill the conditions formerly specified, in which event they
1 Chap. 585, Laws of 1865.
2 As now arranged by law the fifteen elective Trustees are chosen for terms of
years, and are so classified that two are elected annually by the Trustees and one
by the Alumni.
The President of the University has since been added to the Board (Chap. 763,
Laws of 1867).
‹ The quorum was fixed `at ten by an act (Chap. 611) passed July 6, 1881. The
concurrence of eight is necessary, and if that be a majority of those present,
shall be sufficient in balloting to fill a vacancy in the board and in electing a
Trustee in place of one whose term shall have expired.
3 This money was refunded to Cornell University March 28 (chap. 174), 1867.
The fund is now held by the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
303
were to receive the Land Grant. In this they failed, and not long
afterward their enterprise was given up.
As a condition of the grant to Cornell University it was required
to receive, free of tuition, one student annually from each Assembly
District of the State, to be selected upon competitive examination in
a manner specified.'
The scrip for lands received from Government consisted of 6,187
pieces, of 160 acres, each. Upon consultation, the price was fixed at
eighty-five cents per acre. They were advertised for sale, and in the
course of a few months 475 pieces were sold at the fixed price, ex-
cept upon the first parcel of fifty pieces, upon which a rebate of two
cents an acre was allowed for certain advantages offered in the mat-
ter of advertising in the north-western States. These sales amounted
to $64,440. Meanwhile the price of scrip went down, from the low
rate accepted by other States, and it was thought best to hold the
balance for better times.
By an act passed April 10, 1866, the Comptroller was allowed
to sell at not less than thirty cents an acre to the Trustees of Cornell
University, or to any person giving adequate security for the pay-
ment. No application having been received from the Trustees, Mr.
Cornell purchased all that remained undisposed of, viz.: 5,087 cer-
tificates of 160 acres each, 813,920 acres, agreeing to pay into the
State Treasury the net profits from the location and sale of the
lands, to be held as a separate and distinct fund, to be called the
"Cornell Endowment Fund," of which the income alone was to be
paid for the support of the University."
¹ Of the 512 scholarships thus provided for, but a little over one-third have
hitherto been occupied, although the number has been increasing in recent years,
as is shown by the following statement: 1868-9, 60; 1869-70, 100; 1870-1, 119;
1871-2, 133; 1872-3, 109; 1873-4, 101; 1874-5, 115; 1875-6, 120; 1876-7, 144;
1877-8, 141; 1878-9, 144; 1879-80, 146; 1880-1, 150; 1881-2, 148; 1882-3, 156;
1883-4, 176.
It has been recommended by the Alumni that the law should be so modified as
to allow vacant scholarships to be filled from counties where the applications are
in excess of allowance, as is practiced in the Normal Schools.
2 Chap. 481, Laws of 1866.
3 The Comptroller (Thomas Hillhouse), in his Report of 1867 (p. 35), in speaking
of this transaction, said :
"The arrangement thus made will, it is confidently believed, result in the reali-
zation of a much larger sum than could have been obtained from a sale of the
scrip at market rates, the price at which it was selling at the time the sale to Mr.
Cornell was made being about sixty cents per acre. The contract with Mr. Cor-
nell was drawn with a view to provide for every contingency that could be fore-
seen as possible to arise, and as the security for the performance of it, on his part,
304
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
The profits of this transaction have largely exceeded the esti-
mates, and will probably amount to at least $2,000,000. The scrip
was located to a large extent in the pineries of Wisconsin, where
lands have increased vastly in value in recent years.
The example of Mr. Cornell has since been followed by others,
leading to endowments of great amount. In a work published in
1882, and elsewhere often quoted in this volume,' these benefactions
are stated as follows:
Hon. Henry W. Sage, about.
John McGraw .
Hiram Sibley
President Andrew D. White.
Mrs. Jennie McGraw Fiske
$400, 000
150, 000
100, 000
100, 000
700,000
The latter is not yet realized, and its validity is being decided by
the courts.
No time was lost in carrying this plan of a University into full
effect. The farm given for a site was on the east side of the
valley of Cayuga lake, and the ground selected for the buildings
was on the brow of the terrace that overlooks the village of
Ithaca, and commands a magnificent prospect of the lake, and of a
broad extent of country beyond. Toward the east, the surface ex-
tends out as an undulating plateau, well improved as a farming
country, and the whole region on every side is well cultivated,
prosperous and wealthy. The village of Ithaca in the bottom of
the valley, and about a mile from the site chosen for the Uni-
versity, had at that time somewhat limited railroad communications
toward the south only; but since then, connections have been estab-
lished in half a dozen ways, and towards every point of the compass.
The lake itself had regular lines of steamers northward, affording
then as now a pleasant route in summer for those who prefer it.
A committee on organization was appointed, of which the Hon.
Andrew D. White was Chairman, and on the 21st of October, 1866,
he presented a report.
Mr. White had been the associate of Mr. Cornell in the Senate,
and his trusted adviser and confidential friend in the measures
which had led thus far toward a beginning. Besides his oppor-
譬
​is to be a mortgage on the land as located, it does not seem premature to predict
that the educational interest is to be greatly benefited by the arrangement, whilst
it is an additional proof of the liberality of one of its most earnest patrons."
¹ Public Service of New York, III, p. 383.
1
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
305
tunities for education in Yale College, and in European Univer-
sities, he had traveled much, and had enjoyed opportunities for
study and observation which rendered him peculiarly well qualified
for the task of laying out a plan of education suited to the re-
quirements of the institution about to open.
This plan embodied some ideas that were new, and a modification
of established systems in some degree a departure from the usual
course of higher education. It was recommended that a class of
non-resident Professors should be appointed, having no duties or
responsibilities in the government of the University, but simply
delivering courses of Lectures upon the sciences in which they were
most eminent.' A wide range of elective studies should be pro-
vided. Especial opportunities should be offered for instruction in
Agriculture; Industrial Mechanics and the various applied Sciences.
Commerce and Trade should be taught, embracing the subjects
taught in Commercial Colleges, but on a more ample and system-
atic plan. The University should be non-sectarian. The Fac-
ulty should be the governing body, holding stated meetings, and
deliberating as a Legislative body upon the various questions that
might arise. The students should be expected to govern them-
selves in a spirit of manly self-respect. It seemed necessary to
provide means for students wishing to support themselves in part by
manual labor, but labor should be optional, and no great expectation
should be entertained of its becoming a prominent feature in the
institution. The dormitory system appeared necessary to a consid-
erable extent at first, but the probability was that it would decline,
as rooms were provided in private families. The University should
encourage boarding clubs, but not undertake to manage or control
them. Perhaps it might aid by securing arrangements for pur-
chases at reduced prices. Fuel should be bought at wholesale and
sold to students at cost. The most ample provisions should be
made in the way of collections, illustrating the various subjects
taught.
No preference should be given to any department of study, as
more honorable or of higher grade than another. The subjects
taught might be arranged in two divisions as follows:
1 The experience of the University has tended to diminish rather than increase
this form of instruction, and differences of opinion have arisen with respect to the
utility of the plan.
39
:
306
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1. Division of Special Sciences and Arts.
1. Department of Agriculture.
2. Department of Mechanic Arts.
3. Department of Civil Engineering.
4. Department of Commerce and Trade.
5. Department of Mining.
6. Department of Medicine and Surgery.
7. Department of Law.
8. Department of Jurisprudence, Political Science and History.
9. Department of Education.
II. Division of Science, Literature and the Arts in General.
1st. General Course.
2d. General Course.
3d. General Course.
4. Scientific Course.
5. Optional Course.
It was not advised that all of these Departments in the first
Division should be established at once, and the Departments of
Agriculture, the Mechanic Arts, Civil Engineering and Mining were
mentioned as of more immediate importance. Upon further consider
ation the Division of Special Sciences and Arts was so modified that
in the first General Announcement it was made to embrace the six
following Departments:
1. ARCHITECTURE.
2. MECHANIC ARTS.
3. CIVIL ENGINEERING.
4. MILITARY ENGINEERING AND TACTICS.
5. MINING AND PRACTICAL Geology.
6. HISTORY, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
In the second group there should be sufficient provision made
from the beginning to meet the wants of those who applied at the
commencement of the first term.
་
When it reached the stage of first announcement the Second
Division had been extended to eight Departments, defined as follows:
1. FIRST GENERAL COURSE, or "Modern Course," extending
through four years. To Modern Languages was assigned the
place and labor usually given to the Ancient Languages.
2. MODERN COURSE ABRIDGED, extending to three years, and in
which the main studies of the former were included and the subor-
dinate ones omitted.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY
307
3. SECOND GENERAL COURSE, or "Combined Course," extending
through four years. In this the languages studied were to be Latin
and German, but otherwise it was essentially the same as the General
Course.
4. "COMBINED COURSE ABRIDGED," extending to three years.
5. THIRD GENERAL COURSE, or "Classical Course," to be mainly
like the First, but with the option of Ancient for Modern Languages.
6. "SCIENTIFIC COURSE," of three years, affording a general
Scientific preparation for either of the first four Departments of the
First Division.
7. SCIENTIFIC COURSE ABRIDGED; extending to two years.
8. OPTIONAL COURSE, of indefinite length, in which the students.
were allowed to pursue any studies for which they were fitted, and
upon completion they were to receive certificates of the studies
taken.
Diplomas were to be issued upon completion of either course of
four years, but it was to be thoroughly understood that no distinction
should be made between them as to their value, and the Trustees
pledged themselves to use every effort to prevent any Caste-spirit in
any department or course as compared with another.
It was determined from the beginning that the Resident Pro-
fessors should hold their office for a limited term, to be renewed by
election at the option of the Trustees. The equipment in the way
of illustrative Collections, Apparatus and Library was to be ample
and varied, extending to every branch of science taught, and suffi-
cient to fully illustrate the subjects to which they related. Espec-
ially in the way of Philosophical Apparatus, nothing should be in-
troduced but such as furnished the means for illustrating the latest
results of research and for aiding new investigations.
The preparations having been sufficiently advanced, the Univer-
sity was opened on the 7th of October, 1868, by the inauguration of
the following resident Faculty of instruction and government:
Hon. Andrew D. White, LL. D., President and Professor of History.
Rev. William D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy
and Registrar.
Goldwin Smith, M. A., Oxon. Professor of English Constitutional History.
Evan W. Evans, M. A., Professor of Mathematics.
William Channing Russell, M. A., Professor of South European Languages and Litera-
ture, and Associate Professor of History.
Eli Whitney Blake, M. A., Ph. D., Professor of Physics and Industrial Mechanics.
George C. Caldwell, M. S., Ph. D., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry.
James B. Crafts, S. B., Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry.
Burt G. Wilder, S. B., M. D., Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Zoology.
Major Joseph H. Whittlesey (U. S. A.), Professor of Military Science and Tactics, and
Commandant (under appointment of U. S. Government).
Lebbeus H. Mitchell, B. A., Ph. D., Professor of Mining and Metallurgy.
Willard Fiske, M. A., Ph. D., Professor of North European Languages and Librarian.
308
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
James Law, F. R., V. C., Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.
William Charles Cleveland, C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering.
Charles Fred. Hartt, A. M., Professor of General, Economic and Agricultural Geology.
Albert Sproull Wheeler, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages.
Albert W. Prentiss, M. S., Professor of Botany, Horticulture and Arboriculture.
Homer B. Sprague, A. M., Professor of Rhetoric, Oratory and Vocal Culture.
John L. Morris, A. B., C. E., Professor of Practical Mechanics and Director of the Ma-
chine Shop.
T. Frederick Crane, A. M., Assistant Professor of German and Spanish.
Ziba Hazzard Potter, A. M., M. D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics.
James Morgan Hart, A. M., J. U. D., Assistant Professor of French and German.
Lewis Spaulding, S. B., Assistant Professor of Agriculture, and Director of the Farm.
Frank Wigglesworth Clark, S. B., Assistant in Chemistry.
Henry Hughes, S. B., Assistant in Chemistry.
Charles S. Chatfield (Captain U. S. A.), Assistant in Military Tactics.
Several vacant Professorships remained to be filled. Courses of
Lectures were arranged for non-resident Professors as follows:
Professor Louis Agassiz, LL. D., Natural History. Twenty Lectures.
Hon. John Stanton Gould, Mechanics applied to Agriculture. Twelve Lectures.
James Hall, LL. D., Geology. Twelve Lectures.
James Russell Lowell, M. A., English Literature. Twelve Lectures.
Hon. George William Curtiss, M. A., Recent Literature. Twelve Lectures.
Hon. Theodore W. Dwight, LL. D., Constitutional Law, and Lectures on the Constitu-
tion of the United States. Twelve Lectures.
Eight other resident or non-resident professorships were named in
the first announcement, as intended to be filled at an early day.
During the two days preceding the inauguration, 314 students
applied, were examined and admitted. From the report made of
the operations and condition of the University up to January 1,
1869, it appears that there had then been erected two large stone
buildings, four stories high, with dormitories for over three hun-
dred students, and library, lecture and recitation-rooms, over thirty
in number. Another similar building would be ready the next
summer, and large buildings for laboratories and shops were nearly
completed. Other buildings would soon be begun, including Mc-
Graw Hall,' costing $50,000, the gift of John McGraw, of Ithaca.
The plan of organization has to some extent been modified by
experience, but in its essential features it remains the same. New
divisions of study have been organized as there was felt the need :
some that were proposed have not been adopted, but the intention
is not abandoned. Beginning with 19 Professors in 1869, it has
now 27. It had 6 Associate and Assistant Professors at first, it now
has 15. Of Instructors the number has increased from 1 to 8, but
of non-Resident Professors the first number was 6, the highest num-
ber (in 1879) was 9, and the present number is 5.
1 Although this building was not then erected, a chime of bells presented by
Miss Jennie McGraw had been received at the time of inauguration, and mounted
temporarily for the occasion. It has since been placed in the tower of the Mc-
Graw building. The set of bells weighs about six thousand pounds.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
309
Without attempting to follow the changes that have been intro-
duced, in the order of time, it will be sufficient to present an outline
of the present course of studies, the Degrees conferred and the re-
quirements, the facilities that have been provided, the statistics of
operation, and the financial condition.
The Faculty consists of a President, Professors, Associate Pro-
fessors and Assistant Professors, and is aided by non-Resident
Professors and Lecturers, and by Instructors and Examiners. It
comprises the following Special Faculties:
AGRICULTURE.
ARCHITECTURE.
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS.
CIVIL ENGINEERING.
HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
ANCIENT CLASSICAL LANGUAGES.
GERMANIC Languages.
ORIENTAL Languages.
ROMANCE LANGUAGES.
MATHEMATICS.
MECHANIC ARTS.
MILITARY SCIENCE.
NATURAL HISTORY.
PHILOSOHPY AND LETTERS.
The Special Faculties constitute Standing Committees to which
are referred questions relating to the Departments under their con
trol, but their action is subject to the approval of the General
Faculty.
Studies of Undergraduate Classes (1884).
Each course leading to a Bachelor's degree requires four years for
its completion. In each year there are about thirty weeks of in-
struction, besides the time devoted to examinations at the close of
each term. During each of these weeks the student is required to
have at least fifteen recitations, or their equivalent in lectures, labo-
ratory, or field-work, and in many cases the requirement is much
greater. A large proportion of the studies in each course are
optional, to be selected by the student in accordance with his own
tastes and wants. There are five general courses of study the
Course in Arts, the Course in Literature, the Course in Philosophy,
the Course in Science and the Course in Science and Letters. The
Course in Arts answers to the usual Academic course of American
Colleges. The Course in Literature, leading to the Degree of
Bachelor of Literature, is based on Latin, without Greek, and
designed for those who prefer studies of a specially literary nature.
The Course in Philosophy, leading to the degree of Bachelor of
Philosophy, is based on Latin, without Greek, and designed for
those who prefer studies of a philosophical nature. The Course of
Science, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science, is designed for
those who wish to pursue studies relating chiefly to Natural Science,
without Latin or Greek. The Course in Science and Letters, lead-
310
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ing to the degree of Bachelor of Science, is designed for those who
wish to pursue both scientific and literary studies, without Latin or
Greek. The Special Courses are Agriculture, leading to the degree
of Bachelor of Agriculture, and a three years' course not leading to
a degree; Mechanic Arts, leading to the degree of Bachelor of
Mechanical Engineering; Military Science; Architecture, leading
to the degree of Bachelor of Architecture; Civil Engineering, four
years' course, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering,
also a five years' course, leading to the degree of Civil Engineer;
Mathematics, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science; Chem-
istry and Physics, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science;
Natural History, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science; a
two years' course preparatory to the study of Medicine, not leading
to a degree; Ancient_Classical_Languages; Oriental Languages;
Germanic Languages; Romance Languages; Literature; Philosophy
and History and Political Science, not leading to a degree.
Degrees.
These are conferred as above, upon completion of course and satis-
factory examinations. Only one degree can be taken at one com-
mencement.
Advanced Degrees.
Graduate courses of study leading to advanced degrees are pro-
vided for in the following general Departments: Chemistry and
Physics, History and Political Science, Ancient Classical Languages
and Literature, Modern European Languages and Literature, Ori-
ental Languages and Literature, Mathematics, Natural History,
Comparative Philology and Philosophy and Letters.
The Master's degree in Arts or Science is conferred on Bachelors
of Arts or Science who have spent at least one year in a course of
graduate study in this University, and on non-resident graduates of
this University, on the same conditions after three years. The de-
gree of Master of Science is conferred on the same conditions on the
graduates in Course of Philosophy. The degree of Civil Engineer
is conferred on Bachelors of Civil Engineering after two years of
study and practice, on passing the requisite examinations and pre-
senting a satisfactory thesis. The degree of Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine is conferred on Bachelors of Veterinary Science, who have
spent two years in additional study, and passed satisfactory examin
ations thereupon.
Female Students in Cornell University.
The idea of admitting female students to the privileges of the
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
311
University did not form a part of the original plan. It was pro-
posed in 1872, and much feeling was expressed against it on the part
of some Trustees many Professors and most of the Undergraduates.
To remove any objection that might be made on the ground of
want of suitable accommodations, the Hon. Henry W. Sage in 1872
made an offer to the University to erect a proper building as a home
for the lady students. The Corner Stone for this building was laid
May 15, 1873, and an elegant structure known as SAGE COLLEGE
FOR WOMEN was completed and ready to receive Students in Septem-
ber, 1874.
The experience acquired since females were admitted has been
decidedly favorable. They enjoy the same privileges of lectures,
recitations and laboratory work as young men, are examined upon
the same studies and receive the same degrees as found worthy.
The least age at which they are received is seventeen years. The
number that have attended and graduated from the beginning is
shown in the following table:
Female Students in Cornell University.
1873....
1874...
1875..
1876...
1877...
1878.
1879..
1880..
1881..
1882..
1883..
YEARS ENDING IN-
•
47
Optional.
127
STUDENTS BY CLASSES.
Freshmen.
Sophomore.
Junior.
Senior.
15
1
14
8
3
12
8
7
22
10
8
21
22
8
18
15
20
18
16
12
12
10
18
15
9
16
10
14
12
100
17 13
10
11
16
8
8
10
Post-
Graduate.
123577
• 3 2 4O GO ON CO LO GO co
Total.
Graduates.
1
18
29
40
133
2
47
5
5
63
6
3
63
7
2
60
9
3
55
9
57
13
3
58
12
6
55
10
312
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
Arts.
Architecture.
TABLE (Continued).
STUDENTS BY DEPARTMENTS.
Agriculture.
Chemistry.
History.
Literature.
Mathematics.
1873...
1
8
•
1874..
4
2
14
1875.
6
1
•
1
17
1876..
2
13
2
1
22
1877.
2
1
16
5
3
16
13
1878..
8
1
1
14
2
1
22
14
697234
1879..
9
1
17
6
21
6
•
1880.
12
1
9
4
22
7
1881
13
1
1
1
4
1
18
11
1882..
8
1
1
7
1
24
9
1883...
6
2
5
2
2
21
15
Total number who have attended, to 1883, inclusive, 220.
Total number of Graduates, 78.
Degrees taken: A. B., 22; Ph. B., 6; B. Lit., 17; B. S., 32;
Arch. B., 1.
Average age of women graduated 23 years and 3 months, almost
one year more than the average age of men Graduates.
The number at Sage College was 23 in 1875-76; 23 in 1876–77;
28 in 1877-78; 29 in 1879-80; 29 in 1880-81; 32 in 1880–81;
32 in 1881-82, and 26 in 1882–83.
From the l'resident's report to the Trustees, made June 18, 1884,
it appears that the number of young ladies residing in this College
during the previous year varied from 23 to 26, being about half of
the whole number attending the University. A lady Principal had
been appointed to reside in the building, and have general charge
of the household. The presence of a lady of high acquirements and
large social experience cannot fail of exerting an influence tending
to refinement and culture in the family of young ladies assembled
in the College, and of imparting a home-like feeling among its in-
mates.
The experiment of co-education of the sexes in Cornell University
is regarded as entirely successful, under the arrangements provided,
and whatever objections might have been raised before the plan was
introduced, have entirely disappeared. The income of $50,000 has
'been specially set apart for scholarships of lady students, besides
Philosophy.
Natural*
History.
Science.
Optional.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
313
their opportunity to compete for the other scholarships recently
established.
Religious Services - Sage Chapel.
The University makes no distinction of religious belief, and seeks
neither to promote any creed nor to exclude any. By the terms of
its charter persons of any or of no religious denomination are eligi-
ble, but at no time can a majority be of any one religious sect, or of
no religious sect.
Mr. Henry W. Sage and his family have built a fine chapel, and
provided an endowment fund for the support of religious services.
These are conducted by eminent clergymen of different religious de-
nominations invited by the University, and officiating one Sunday at
a time. They usually come from distant points, and are widely
known and highly approved in their several denominations. This
arrangement affords, perhaps, a better opportunity for hearing a
series of sermons delivered by men eminent in their profession, than
has elsewhere been afforded at any place in the country.
Within the last year a Memorial chapel has been erected adjacent
to and connected with Sage chapel, and intended to receive the re-
mains of the deceased benefactors of the University — Mr. Cornell,
Mr. McGraw and Mrs. Fiske. It is a beautiful and substantial
structure, with Memorial windows of finest workmanship. The
plan contemplates appropriate monumental statuary in the chapel,
and the deposit of the remains in a crypt beneath.
Physical Culture.
A Gymnasium has been erected within the last two years upon
the most approved plans, and thoroughly equipped with baths, and
all necessary appliances for bodily culture. It is under an experi-
enced physician, the Professor of Physical Culture and Director of
the Gymnasium, who examines every student at his entrance and at
stated intervals afterward; learns the condition of his health, takes
physical measurements, and prescribes such exercises as may be re-
quired for complete health and symmetrical bodily development.
The Gymnasium is open to all members of the University for vol-
untary exercise, but hazardous or excessive athletic efforts are not
allowed.
A supplementary Gymnasium at Sage College for the lady stu-
dents, is conducted on the same general plan.
Military Drill is obligatory upon all young men in the first two
years, and optional in the last two years of the course.
44
40
314
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Amendment of the Charter in 1882.
The charter was amended May 12, 1882,' by removing the limita-
tion upon the amount of property that, may be held by the Univer-
sity, which now may be "such an amount as may be or become
necessary for the proper conduct and support of the several depart-
ments of education heretofore established or hereafter to be estab-
lished." Former gifts, grants, devises and bequests were confirmed,
and their income applied to purposes for which they were intended.
It was also provided in this act that the Supervisor of the town
of Ithaca may appoint three special constables, for the protection
of the premises and property of the University.
Alumni Trustees.
No provision was made in the original act of incorporation for
the election of Trustees by the Alumni. By an amendment of
1867,' it was provided that when the number of Alumni amounts to
one hundred, one Trustee might be elected by them annually from
their number.
9
By an act passed May 16, 1883, it was provided that any ten
Alumni of this University might file a written nomination for
Trustee or Trustees to be elected, and a list of persons nominated
by more than this number was to be mailed to each of the
Alumni. The vote might be sent by mail, and with the same effect
as if the voter were present.
At the annual meeting, if any person received at least half of the
votes cast, he was to be deemed elected; otherwise the Alumni
present were to designate from the two having the highest plurali-
ties, unless their pluralities aggregated less than half, in which case
more are to be included so as to bring the pluralities of those to be
voted for to fifty per cent.*
1 Chap, 147, Laws of 1882.
2 Chap. 763, Laws of 1867.
³ Chap. 611, Laws of 1883.
:
4 In 1884, the first of a series of Alumni Reports was published, containing a
general review of the operations of the University — its condition and its needs.
This report, prepared by Mr. James F. Gluck, A. B., one of the Alumni Trustees,
extends to 128 pages, and contains a large amount of information concerning the
operation of the University, and comparisons with other leading institutions in
the United States. This plan of publication by the Alumni is not a new one.
It was begun at Yale College in 1868, and has since been adopted at Williams
and perhaps other Colleges.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
315
Scholarships and Fellowships.
Within the last year, the Trustees have carried out a plan which
had been advocated by President White for many years, by pro-
viding for the establishment of several Endowed Fellowships and
Scholarships. The sum is equivalent to the interest on $205,000 at
five per cent, of which $50,000 are from the Sage Fund, and avail-
able for lady students. The remaining $155,000 are for candidates
of both sexes.
This sum of $155,000 was determined upon as the proper
amount to be used, in reimbursement of a sum contributed to
the University in 1872, by Ezra Cornell, John McGraw, Henry
W. Sage, Hiram Sibley and Andrew D. White, in accordance with
an agreement then made.
The plan proposed is, that thirty-six scholarships, worth $200
each, shall be offered, of which `nine are to be awarded in each
Freshman class, to the scholars passing the best examination in cer-
tain branches—such scholarships to enjoy the income for the four
years, unless at the close of the first year they are found to have
declined in character or work below a certain point considered by
the Faculty as essential to continuance in the scholarships.
The Fellowships are to be awarded to such members of the
Graduating class in this and other Universities, as may show special
proficiency in certain specified fields of study, and who may wish to
perfect themselves so as to be especially fitted in the fields they had
chosen.
Number of Professors and of Instructors in Cornell University.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
Professors... 19 21 19 21 21 21
Associate and
Ass't Profs
Instructors..
Non-Resident
6 10 10 11 10
1
23
11
9 12
233 23
24
25 26
12 12
2 3 3
4 9 9 8 8
2∞
12
2208
222 22
24 27 26
26 27
12 15 18 16
15
CO
9
7 9 3 6
8
Professors.
CO
6
7
77
8
9
87 7
10
5
CO
6
2 2 2
LO
5
4
5
Total.... 82 38 38
43
43 44 48: 51
49
51 49 45 53 52 52
55
1882.
1883.
316
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
From State
of N. Y.
From out
of State.
Students attending Cornell University from the State of New
York and from out of the State.
1869...
279
1870...
376 187
1871.. 337 272
1872.. 314 281
133
1873.. 272 253 1877.. 317 244 1881.. 265
1874.. 238 271 1878.. 308 221
1875.. 245 276
1879.. 290 186
1876.. 264 263 1880.. 293 166
134
1882..
1883..
259
125
254
153
1884.. 304
157
YEARS ENDING IN-
YEARS.
From. State
of N. Y.
From out
of State.
Students in Attendance at Cornell University as reported to the
Regents.
Undergraduate Classes.
Not classified.
Freshmen.
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
Resident
Graduates.
Total.
1869..
1870..
82
252
47
23
9
413
252
195
124
88
609
1871.
254
197 124
43
618
1872.
151 119 121
98
5
494
1873.
172 132
125
102
6
537
1874.
186
129
95
88
11
509
1875.
81
166
110
96
63
16
532
1876..
149
201
135 109
82
18
689
1877.
223
141
90
84
23
561
1878.
157
165 100
77
30
529
1879
133
145 123
83
21
505
1880.
127 120 118
89
9
463
1881
124
95 77
89
399
1882..
98
80
1883
42
122
68
2232
69
59
350
72
66
20
390
The classes have generally been reported in aggregates, without
distinguishing the sexes, but in 1883 the number is reported as
follows:
Males Special, 35; Freshmen, 104; Sophomores, 61; Juniors,
64; Seniors, 36; Resident Graduates, 14. Total, 334.
Females Special, 7; Freshmen, 18; Sophomores, 7; Juniors,
8; Seniors, 10; Resident Graduates, 6. Total, 56.
(
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
317
Degrees Conferred in Course at Cornell University, as reported
to the Regents.
FIRST DEGREES.
SECOND DEGREES.
YEARS.
A. B.
1869.
1870..
1871.
7
1872.
4
1873.
17
+
1874.
4
1875.
1876..
1877..
1878.
1879.
1880..
1881 {
M.
14
F.
4
M.
11
1882
F
M.
1883
F.
B. Lit.
Ph. B.
B. S.
B. Ag.
B. Arch.
B. C. E.
B. Mech. E.
B. V. S.
A. M.
M. S.
C. E.
Ph. D.
Archit
5 a 6 GO LO GO ∞∞
43.
44
5
5
•1987 10 2 33 10 ∞ ∞ 2
273
9
16
9
41
36
3
28
2
5
21
1 4
66.
3
21
7
12
3
8
2 24
33
24
40 3
30
5
8
15
14
10
4079
12
5
7
4
3
3
23
4
1 4
3
2
6
6
6 21
2 1 i 10
10
1 3
7243
121
6
12
3
•2323
: : :
16
1
3
15
.18
1
•421
69
1
4
1
4
1
J
1
21
2221
1
1
8
5
2
2
2
Income of the University in a Period of ten years.
YEARS.
Tuition.
Rent
of Rooms.
Income
from
Productive
Funds.
Farm
Produce.
Chemicals
to Students.
1874...
1875
•
1876..
1877.
$15,882 50
$2,971 03
$80,000 00
$2,881 93
$1,230 25
15,105 00
2,741 62
80,000 00
1,326 43
1,130 50
19,480 00
2,506 52
80,000 00
5,147 36
1,457 71
20,420 00
2,841 67
82,770 00
7,059 55
1878
1,770 55
·
24,540 00
1,865 16
79,596 98
5,927 35
1,547 82
1879.
20,510 00
1,622 68
79,335 00
5,850 15
1880.
1,802 36
18,545 00
2,287 08
73,661 91
6,553 56
1881
1,071 70
18,180 00
1882...
2,596 61
70,935 00
5,924 31
1,075 79
14,750 00
123,807 66
1883.
13,590 00
114,701 22
TABLE(Continued).
Machine
YEARS.
Shop.
Fuel sold
to Students.
Printing
Office.
Receipts
from stu-
dents other
than
Tuition,
Other
Sources.
Total.
1874.
$300 78
$494 35
$263 23
1875..
277 37
585 46
$558 60
5,134 79
$104,582 67
106,301 17
1876..
348 89
638 21
7,768 97
117,347 66
1877..
648 62
728 31
2,477 22
118,715 92
1878.
486 72
670 27
2,152 61
116,787 01
1879.
1,283 69
1,711 75
112,115 63
1880.
148 59
416 60
4,473 20
107,157 64
1881.
115 68
933 95
•
99,561 34
1882.
1883.
$2,232 58
2,334 33
8,376 56
149,166 80
13,778 72
14,404 27
1
318
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Expenditure and Debts of Cornell University in a Period of
ten years.
YEARS. Expenditures.
Debts.
YEARS.
Expenditures.
Debts.
1574.
$112,351 12
$25,000 00
1879...
$108,220 28
$37,967 00
1875.
102,055 69
41,300 00
1880.
105,801 95
25,000 00
1876.
111,623 21
29,500 00
1881.
103,145 07
1877..
126,243 05
24,467 00
1882.
128,751 85
1878.
109,793 47
34,467 00
1883.
143,815 23
Income from the College Land-Scrip Fund and from the Cornell
Endowment Fund, as reported by the Comptroller.
FISCAL YEARS
ENDING IN-
COLLEGE LAND-SCRIP FUND.
CORNELL ENDOWMENT FUnd.
From Sales
of Lands.
From
Interest.
From Sales
of Lands.*
From
Interest.
1864..
+$64,762 40
1865.
$2,618 21
1866.
8,416 94
1867..
12,843 24
1868..
150,108 65
11,603 33
+$97,200 00
1869.
23,551 50
1870.
$6,498 39
•
40,320.00
19,654 44
17,484 80
5,979 03
1871.
20,832 00
21,997 70
9,027 20
7,920 95
1972..
•
30,222 18
1873..
10,472 03
22,052 04
7,825 17
1874.
24,254 54
1875.
•
8,958 75
$83,743 29
1876..
12,454 08
81,012 45
7,675 01
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
...
1881..
1882..
1893....
1884.
31,973 64
9,509 13
27,425 80
7,170 93
27,351 52
6,433 61
27,424 80
||36,712 20
27,000 66
23,277 74
22,103 08
17,237 71
* Receipts in excess of price agreed upon in contract (60 cents per acre).
+ Of this sum $64,440 came from the sale of land-scrip, and the balance from interest.
+ Receipts in excess of 60 cents per acre from sales of land.
In 1875 the capital of this fund was reported as $295,600, of which the principal of
E. Cornell's bond amounted to $179,600, and the principal State 5's of 1875, redeemed,
amounted to $116,000.
Including $32,896.61 added from money of the capital in the Treasury.
The custody of the Cornell Endowment Fund was transferred to
the University by act of May 18, 1880.¹
'Chap. 317, Laws of 1880.
HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
319
Voluntary Labor System.
It was undoubtedly an intention of Mr. Cornell that the Univer-
sity which he founded should afford aid in the way of payment for
labor done by its students. This has been done to a limited extent,
but not in recent years to the amount of the early ones.
From a
recent publication' it appears that the total amount paid to 1883,
inclusive, was $68,301.77, the largest sum being $10,234.98 in 1869-
70, and the smallest $1,410 in 1882-83. A considerable sum has
been expended upon the experiment, and it may be regarded as
almost a failure.
Printing Office.
From the beginning, and for several years, a Printing office was
maintained in the "Sibley building," for such uses as the Univer-
sity might require. Some very excellent work was done at this es-
tablishment, and employment was given to several students. This
has recently been discontinued, but in the last report of the Presi-
dent, an arrangement is suggested which may lead to a "University
Press," under a modified plan. A considerable amount of material
is retained by the University, which would be available should this
branch of industry be re-established.
FINANCIAL CONDITION.
The Treasurer's Report, dated June 1, 1884, shows the following
condition of the funds and property of the University:
Productive Funds.
Cornell Endowment Fund (including Land Con-
tracts)...
Sage College Endowment.
Dean Sage Sermon Fund.
•
College Land Scrip Fund (held by the Comptroller)
Sibley Endowment Fund (held by donor, interest
paid regularly).
Wolford Medal Fund (………
H. K. White Prize Fund, invested..
Total funds...
$2,922, 872 03
125, 000 00
30, 000 00
473, 402 87
:)
30, 000 00
1,500 00
Accrued interest to June 1, 1884.
Total funds and accrued interest.
500 00
$3, 583, 274 90
116, 116 02
$3, 699, 390 92
1" Cornell University, its Condition and Needs in 1884, by James F. Gluck, one
of the Alumni Trustees," p. 17.
320
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Real Estate..
Other Property.
Equipment of Departments and Furniture.....
Total property, exclusive of western lands un-
844, 834 22
353,047 06
sold and the McGraw Funds now in suit... $4, 897, 272 20
McGraw Funds.
McGraw Library Fund, invested.
McGraw Hospital Fund.
McGraw Building Fund.
Total..
Accrued interest.
Western Lands.
$688, 800 00
40, 000 00
50, 000 00
$778, 800 00
27,208 00
Sales during the year, 4,087.54 acres..
5,089,000 feet of pine from 3,778 acres (land re
served)...
Total sales..
$38,839 00
21, 582 00
$60, 421 00
Of the land sold, 1,183.60 acres was pine land, containing
3,340,000 feet of pine, which sold at an average price of $12.371
per acre, or $3.95 per thousand feet for the pine, and $7.25 per acre
for the land, and 2,903.94 acres of farm land (having no pine) sold
at $8.33 per acre.
The sales of pine (land reserved), were at the average price of
$4.24 per thousand feet.
The land remaining unsold, June 1, 1884, consisted of 164,503.19
acres, of which 96,762.8 acres are pine land, containing 287,442,000
feet of pine timber, and the balance, 67,741.11 acres, consisted of
about 32,000 acres of cut-over land, and about 35,741.11 acres of
farming land, which contained 23,847,000 feet of scattering pine,
making total of pine timber, 308,290,000 feet.
The total receipts during the year were...
Disbursements..
Excess of receipts over disbursements.....
$330, 586 51
24, 507 04
$306, 079 47
'
The balances on current land and timber contracts amounted to
$2,085,004.28, carrying six and seven per cent interest.
'HISTORY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
321
Taxes average 9 cents per acre, an increase due to an advance in
the assessment of timber lands, which had increased from ten to fif
teen per cent, and in many cases to more. The expense of carrying
the lands had been 12.98 cents per acre.
The "Ten-year Book of the Cornell University" (1868–78), give
the following summary of occupations of the graduates down to
1877, inclusive:
Agriculture..
17 Ministry.
16
Architecture.
15
Banking, etc..
6
Special Study and Scientific
Investigations.
20
Civil Engineering.
42
Trade
45
Education.
98
Without occupation or not
Journalism.
22
reported.
12
Law
130
Manufacturing
18
Total..
476
Mechanical Engineering, etc.
13
Medicine.
22
Dead, 10; total Graduates, 486; total number of Matriculates,
1868-78, 2,403.
Principal Buildings owned by the Cornell University, with the
Year when Built, Sizes, Uses and Cost.
1. Morrill Hall, 1868, 165 by 50 feet, 4 stories. Used for offices, lecture and recitation
rooms. Cost, $70,111.25.
2. Cascadilla Place, 1868, 195 by 100 feet, 5 stories. Built one-third at the expense of
citizens of Ithaca, and the remainder by the University. Used for Dormitories.
Cost, $72,010.94.
3. Civil Engineering Building, 1869, 100 by 100 feet, 2 to 3 stories. Used by Civil En-
gineering Department. Cost, $23,699.12.
4. McGraw Building, 1871, 200 by 60 feet, 4 to 5 stories. Built by John McGraw, and
used for Library, Museum and Natural History Department. Cost, $120,000.
5. White Hall, 1873, 165 by 50 feet, 4 stories. Used for lecture-rooms, etc. Cost, $80,-
485.16.
6. Sibley College, 1871 and 1884, main building 166 by 40 feet, with extensive workshops.
Built by Hiram Sibley. Used for Mechanic Arts. Cost, $65,000.
7. President's House, 1871. Built by Andrew D. White, at a cost of $50,000 and used as
President's residence.
8. Sage Chapel, 1873. Built by Henry W. Sage, and used as University Chapel. Cost,
$30,000.
9. Sage College, 1875, main portion 168 by 40 feet, south wing 125 feet, north wing 85 feet.
Built by Henry W. Sage, and used for Ladies' Dormitories and Botanical Depart-
ment. Cost, $165,000.
10. McGraw-Fisk House, 1882. Built by Mrs. Jennie McGraw. Cost, $210,000.
11. Physical and Chemical Laboratory, 1883. Used for Chemistry and Physics, and cost
$85,000.
12. Military Hall and Gymnasium, 1883, 160 by 60 feet and a wing. Used for instruction
in Military Science and Gymnastics. Cost, $35,000.
13. Memorial Chapel, 1883. Attached to Sage Chapel. Cost, $20,000.
Besides the buildings above given, there are several valuable farm
buildings belonging to the University; while on the campus stand
sixteen Professors' residences, and one Society house. Certain
buildings are also "endowed" to the amount of about $200,000.
41
322
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK..
COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
The "New York Free Academy " was established July 27, 1846,
wholly at the city cost, it being the pioneer of Free Academies in
the State. It was sanctioned by a law passed May 7, 1847, which
referred the question of maintenance by tax, to the electors, at a
special election in June following, and it was confirmed by a vote
of 19,404 to 3,409.
The following Professorships were established:
1. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
2. History and Belles-Lettres.
3. Latin and Greek Languages and Literature.
4. French Language and Literature.
5. Spanish Language and Literature.
6. Chemistry.
7. German and Drawing.
The Academy was opened January 27, 1849, with HORACE WEB-
STER, LL. D. (formerly of Geneva College), as President, and was a
success from the beginning. From the first, none were admitted
but those who had passed through the course in the Public Schools.
The attendance increased rapidly, and as the need was felt, addi-
tional instructors were appointed. Of the latter, there were three
in 1848; ten in 1849; fifteen in 1850; seventeen in 1851, and
twenty-two in 1852.
In 1854,¹ full powers were granted for conferring degrees, but
the name was not changed to the present form until 1866. Under
this act the Board of Education were made ex-officio Trustees of the
College. It has since been steadily advancing and adding new de-
partments of study as the occasion required.³
1 Chap. 267, Laws of 1854.
2 March 30, 1866.
In an account published in "The Public Service of New York" (vol. III, page
406), the following tribute is paid to the early friends of this institution :
The founders of the College are the People of New York. Prominent among
its benefactors and promoters may be mentioned: Townsend Harris, first Minister
from the United States to Japan, President of the Board of Education in 1846–47,
lately deceased; Robert Kelley, President of the Board of Education, 1848-49;
Judge Joseph S. Bosworth, member of Executive Committee, 1847, 1848, 1849;
Hon. Luther Bradish, Chairman of Executive Committee, 1850, 1851, 1852;
Erastus C. Benedict, LL. D., late Chancellor of the University of the State; Wm.
H. Neilson, President of the Board in 1855, and again in 1873, 1874, 1875, Judge
Richard L. Larremore, Chairman of the Board of Trustees in 1868-69; Hon. Sam-
uel B. H. Vance, ex-Mayor and Chairman of Executive Committee. Also, Ephraim
Holbrook, Seth Grosvenor, Duncan C. Pell, Edwin Burr, Charles S. Cromwell,
HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 323
The expenses of this College from the beginning to 1880 were:
For lot and building, $91,373; salaries, repairs and supplies, $2,-
757,152; total, $2,848,524. The property of the College is reported
as follows in the Regents' Report of 1884: Grounds and buildings,
$212,000; educational collections, $82,300; funds for Library and
Prizes, $40,750; received from the City Comptroller the preceding
year, $119,159.19; income of Library and Prize Funds, $1,543.06;
paid for salaries, $101,882.98; improvements and repairs, $6,122.36 ;
for other purposes, $12,696.91.
The endowment of the College is by a law passed May 1, 1872,'
fixed at $150,000. The main College building is on the corner of
Lexington avenue and Twenty-third street, and contains sixteen
recitation-rooms, a lecture-room, three drawing-rooms, a chapel, a
library of three rooms, a laboratory, offices for the President, Secre-
tary and Registrar, apartments for Janitor and several store-rooms.
The building used by the sub-Freshmen class contains eleven recita-
tion-rooms, an assembly room and store-rooms in the basement.
►
The library numbered in 1880, 18,200 volumes of well-selected
works, valued at about $45,750. A repository for text-books, num-
bered 16,500 volumes. The laboratory is well provided, and the
collections, apparatus, models, charts, etc., are ample for illustration
and were valued at $14,700. A cabinet of Natural History was
valued at $2,000, and architectural models, casts for drawing-class,
etc., as much more.
Instruction is given in all departments, excepting Drawing and
the Fine Arts, by text-books, and in most departments lectures are
delivered. In the three higher classes the students are exercised in
composition and oratory. Prize speaking is had at Commencement
by three members of each of the three highest classes. The Seniors
and Juniors each deliver two original discourses annually before the
entire College. Sophomores are exercised in declamation through-
out the year. Freshmen are required to write compositions once a
month.
The course extends through five years, and graduates receive de-
Augustus H. Ward, Elisha Riggs, James Kelly, John Claflin and George R. Lock-
wood, the donors of funds and prizes bearing their names and described in this
article.
The only private benefactions that the College has received, except donations of
books, apparatus, etc., made at various times, and prizes mentioned hereafter, are
the following: In 1852, Ephraim Holbrook, $5,000, to be applied, at a future
period, to the purchase of books for the library. In 1857, Seth Grosvenor, $30,-
000, for books for the library."
1 Chap. 637, Laws of 1872.
324
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
grees of Bachelor of Arts, or of science, according to the studies
pursued. There is also a Post-graduate course in Civil Engineering,
and a short Commercial course of one year only. To the end of the
Sophomore year, the studies are alike, but in the last two years
students may take a Classical or a Scientific course. An extended
series of prizes has been established.¹
The College being, through the action of its officers and alumni,
associated with the following Universities and Colleges, viz.: Am-
herst, Brown, Columbia, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, New Jersey,
Wesleyan and Yale, in the support of the American School of Classical
Studies at Athens, the school is open to any properly qualified gradu-
ate of this College.
The Museum of Natural History in 1884, contained 6,000 speci-
mens; 550 in Botany, 250 of Vertebrata, 1,600 of Invertebrata,
2,000 in Mineralogy, and 1,600 in Lithology, Geology and Paleon-
tology. Among them may be mentioned a set of Conchological
specimens from the Smithsonian Institution; a very valuable collec-
tion of the Unios of the United States, presented by Mr. Isaac Lea,
of Philadelphia, and a complete series of the Corals of Florida, pre-
sented by Major Walter McFarland, of the Engineer Corps, U. S. A.
There were also fifty models in glass, illustrative of the Radiata
and the Protozoa, and wire models illustrating the principles of
Crystallography.
¹ These are reported in the Thirty-sixth Annual Register for 1884–5, as follows:
1. THE PELL MEDALS. Founded in 1849 by Duncan C. Pell, $500, providing a
gold medal annually for highest rank in all studies. In 1856, a silver
medal was provided for second in rank.
2. THE CROMWELL MEDALS. Since 1850, $500, for a gold medal annually, for
best scholar in History and Belles-Lettres, and since 1856 a silver medal for
second best. Founded by Charles T. Cromwell.
3. THE WARD MEDALS. By Augustus H. Ward, since 1853, twenty bronze
medals, for proficiency as specified.
4. THE RIGGS MEDALS. By Elisha Riggs, since 1864, $1,000. Two gold medals
for English Prose Compositions in two higher classes.
5. THE CLAFLIN MEDALS. By John Claflin, since 1871, $1,250, for two gold and
two silver medals. Greek and Latin.
6. PRIZE OF PRESIDENT OF BOARD OF EDUCATION, Since 1852. Public Speaking.
7. PRIZE FOR BEST DECLAIMER OF A SELECTED POEM. Since 1855.
8. THE LOCKWOOD PRIZE. By George R. Lockwood, since 1857. Translation
from English into French.
9. THE KELLY PRIZE. By James Kelly, since 1868, $1,000. Two prizes for best
(
debaters in Literary Societies.
10. THE BELDEN PRIZES. By William Belden, since 1883, $1,000. Pure Mathe-
matics; a gold and a silver medal.
HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 325
From 1853 to 1884, the College graduated 1,132 men in thirty-
two classes. An Alumni Association is formed, and meets annually
on the day after Commencement. In 1857, it established a "Stu-
dents' Aid Fund," for deserving students, which is loaned without
interest, and neither the names of those receiving aid, nor the amount
loaned are known to any but the Trustees and Auditors of the fund.
The College has two Literary Societies; the "Clionian" and the
"Phrenocosmian," holding weekly meetings, and having libraries.
In November, 1883, a course was opened in the Mechanic Arts;
not for teaching any particular trade, but the processes and methods
that have general application. The workshops attached to the Col-
lege are three in number. The first, for wood-work, has an area of
1,300 square feet, and has fifteen double benches, with tool closets
and tools for thirty students. The second for forge and vise-work,
with an area of 820 square feet; has six Buffalo forges, twenty
anvils, ten long benches, fifteen vises and tools for a class of fifteen
to thirty students. The third, for lathe-work, has an area of 720
square feet, with three grind stones and twenty-six lathes. The shops
are illuminated by electric lamps and supplied with steam power.
The study of commercial products is taught practically, and in-
cludes the consideration of raw products from the mineral, vegeta-
ble and animal kingdoms- the names used in various languages,
sources of supply, lines of communication and conveyance, and uses
to which applied.
Attendance and Graduation at the College of the City of New York.
YEARS ENDING IN-
Introductory
Classes.
UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES.
1867.
1868...
381
280
25
397
120
1869..
462
168
1870.
429
185
8888
67
40
32
259
30
60
56
31
315
29
44
42
359
41
1871.
409
189
94
54
32
369
30
1872.
538
191
86
55
39
361
31
1873
538
181
70
54
37
370
33
1874.
592
179
99
61
34
332
35
•
1875.
601
276
96
65
48
373
31
1876
604
190
90
58
50
402
44
...
1877.
650
220
120
65
51
388
47
1878.
807
253
117
71
55
456
48
1879
1880.
1881
1882.
1883..
797
262
136
91
58
496
50
*
243
134
75
51
523
48
244
127
84
49
504
47
153
103
53
45
354
45
146
74
60
55
335
44
* In the reports for 1880 and since sub-Freshmen and Commercial classes have been re-
ported as follows: sub-Freshmen -1880, 333; 1881, 329; 1882, 305; 1883, 243. Commer-
cial-1880, 273; 1883, 123.
Total.
Graduates.
326
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The Faculty of this College consists of a President and nineteen
Professors, besides twenty-two Tutors and special instructors.
President Alexander Stewart Webb, LL. D.
Professors French Language and Literature, Jean Romer,
LL. D.; Spanish Language and Literature, Agustin Jose Morales,
LL. D.; Chemistry and Physics, Robert Ogden Doremus, M. D.,
LL. D.; German Language and Literature, Adolph Werner, Ph.
D.; Natural History, Physiology and Hygiene, John Christopher
Draper, M. D., LL. D.; Applied Mathematics, Alfred George
Compton, A. M.; Latin Language and Literature, and Librarian,
Charles George Herbermann, Ph. D., LL. D.; English Language
and Literature, David Burnet Scott; Descriptive Geometry and Draw-
ing, Solomon Woolfe, A. M.; Mental and Intellectual Philosophy,
George Benton Newcomb, Ph. D.; Greek Language and Litera-
ture, Fitzgerald Tisdall, Ph. D.; Pure Mathematics, James Weir
Mason, A. M.; History, Henry Phelps, Johnston, A. B.
RUTGERS FEMALE COLLEGE.
This institution was first organized as the "Rutgers Female In-
stitute," by an act passed April 10, 1838.' It was to be located in
the Seventh ward of the city of New York, and was to be managed
by a Board of fifteen Trustees, chosen by stockholders from among
their number, and so classified that five would be elected annually
for a term of three years. The first Trustees named in the act were:
Isaac Ferris, Irad Rawley, Marinus Willett, Joseph Hoxie, William
H. Falls, Zebedee Ring, Jacob K. Hardenbrook, William H. Crosby,
Samuel Akerley, Thompson Price, Jacob K. Herrick, Thomas Wil-
liams, Jr., James Rowe, Jared L. Moore and John H. Williams.
The name was given in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers of the
Revolution, by his adopted son and heir, William B. Crosby, of New
York. The site of the institution was first located on Madison street,
near Clinton, upon three lots forming a part of the old Rutger es-
tate. The corner stone was laid with proper exercises August 29,
1838, and the building was opened for use April 27, 1839, under the
care of Dr. Charles E. West as Principal.
Valuable cabinets of minerals, shells and medals were procured,
library of 4,000 volumes was purchased, and success attended the
institution from the beginning. In one month after opening it had
320 pupils, and during the second quarter it numbered 450.
¹ Laws of New York, 1838, chap. 192, p. 161.
HISTORY OF RUTGERS FEMALE COLLEGE,
327
It became necessary to erect a large additional building the next
year, and on the 23d of January, 1840, it was received under the
visitation of the Regents.
The enlargement did not afford full accommodation to those that
applied, and at one time there were seventy-five waiting for admis-
sions, as vacancies might occur. This academic stage of its history
continued, until by an act of the Legislature, passed April 11, 1867,'
just nineteen years after its beginning, a new charter was granted as
the Rutgers Female College. The Principals up to that time had
been Dr. Charles E. West, twelve years; Dr. D. C. Van Norman,
six years; Dr. C. H. Gardner, one year, and Dr. H. M. Pierce from
1858 till the change to collegiate form.
2
During this interval, the changes in population and the removal
of many patrons of the institution further "up town" had made it
desirable to change the site. After careful deliberation, it was finally
decided to purchase new grounds on Fifth avenue (Nos. 487 and
489), between Forty-first and Forty-second street, in the district
known as Murray Hill. The old edifice was sold, the site reverting
to the Crosby estate, and the premises purchased were altered, en-
larged and fitted up for use. The front portion had been built for
private residences, forming the center of a block of peculiarly built
Gothic design, and presenting as a whole a striking architectural
effect. An addition was built in 1860, five stories high, and form-
ing with the main building commodious apartments for the various
uses of the institution.
The College charter vested all the property, rights, privileges,
powers, duties and liabilities of the former academy in the new cor-
poration, with full power of conferring degrees and honors as fully
as in any University or College in the United States, excepting those
entitling the holder to practice law or medicine, or any other learned
profession. The idea of a College with power to confer degrees
upon women, had already been put into successful practice at Elmira
and Le Roy in this State, and in various places in other States. The
change was made to meet a recognized want of the city of New
York, and the name of Jeremiah Burns, then a member of the Board
of Trustees (now deceased), is mentioned as that of one who was
largely instrumental in securing it.
¹ Laws of 1867, chap. 328, p. 702.
2 These premises were purchased and have been since used as a Roman Catholic
School. The building was of brick, with a granite front of plain Tuscan order,
and three stories high.
328
:
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
With the view of giving an impulse to the new organization, in-
vitations were issued to a large number of gentlemen interested in
education, and a meeting was held on the 25th of April, 1867, which
was quite fully attended. The papers and discussions of this occa-
sion were published, embodying historical reminiscences, and sug-
gestions for future management which give it unusual interest.¹
On the 20th of September, 1869, a Branch was opened at Har-
lem, at which all the classes of the College course were taught, but
after about two years of experience this was discontinued, and there
is at present but one course of study, that in the Arts.
No College degrees were granted until 1870, but since the begin-
ning the operations of the College have been continuous, although
serious difficulties have arisen from causes unforeseen, when the first
plans of College work were laid. The Trustees, in the early years
adopted the questionable expedient of selling scholarships in advance,
and incurred a heavy debt which they were unable to meet. In
1871, the real estate was sold upon the foreclosure of a mortgage, and
the premises were rented for several years afterward. In 1881 the
College was removed up-town, to 55 West Fifty-fifth street. The
College being without endowment is dependent upon tuitions for
support. The attendance reported for the year 1881-2, was 29;
graduates in the year, 5, and from the beginning, 90.
The Presidents of the College have been: Dr. H. M. Pierce,
from 1858, under its academic form, till 1871; George W. Samson,
D. D., from 1871 to 1873; Charles F. Deems, D. D., from 1874 to
1875; Thomas D. Anderson, D. D., 1875 to 1879; Samuel D.
Burchard, 1880 to the present time.
A more extended historical notice of this College, prepared by
Professor Daniel S. Martin, will be found in the Regents' Report of
1877, page 644.
1840..
1841
1842..
1843..
1844.
1845.
1846
1847
• •
•
1848.
1849..
1850.
1851.
1852...
1853..
1854..
Table of Graduates of the Institute and College.
61855...
8 1856..
7 1857.
15 1858..
18❘ 1859.
21 1860..
12 1861..
14 1862.
22
14
15
23
7
15
18
7
16
12
21 1865
9
16 1866
19
16
22
Total under the Institute charter..... 398
14
19 1863..
12 1864..
¹ See first report of Rutgers Female College (Regents' Report, 1868, p. 194), for
an extended account of these proceedings.
HISTORY OF WELLS COLLEGE.
329
1867...
1868.
1869*
TABLE
Continued.
RUTGERS FEMALE COLLEGE.
14 | 1879.
20 1880.
1870..
1871
1872..
1873.
1874.
...
•
•
1875..
1876.
1877.
1878
•
1881..
10 1882.
10
1883..
>
13| 1884..
∞ ∞ ∞ LLIB
8
3
3
5
5
8
6
Total under the College charter...
139
10
6
General total.
: 537
4.
7
* No class graduated in this year owing to an extension of the course.
WELLS COLLEGE.
Wells College, situated in Aurora, N. Y., was founded by the
late Henry Wells, Esq., whose name is well known as one of the
pioneers in the development and extension of the express business
west of the Hudson river.'
2
The College was incorporated by the Legislature of the State of
New York, March 28, 1868, under the title of "Wells Seminary
for the Higher Education of Young Women," with full power to
"Grant and confer such honors, degrees and diplomas as are granted
by any University, College or Seminary in the United States." In
1870, on the petition of the Trustees to the Regents of the Univer-
sity, the title was changed by substituting "College" for "Semi-
nary," as more fully expressing the purpose for which the institution
was established by its founder.
The Trustees named in the charter of incorporation were: Henry
Wells, Aurora; Charles H. Wells, New York city; Jas. H. Wells,
¹ HENRY WELLS, the founder of Wells College, was born in Vermont, December
12, 1805, removed with his parents when a child to central New York, and in early
manhood started the express business, by carrying a carpet-bag filled with pack-
ages from Albany to Buffalo. As patronage increased, he took Crawford Living-
ston as a partner, and in 1845, Livingston, Wells & Co., who had established a
thrifty business, practically forced Congress to reduce the letter postage by prov-
ing that letters could be carried profitably for six cents, where the Government
charged twenty-five. In the firm of Wells, Fargo & Co., Mr. Wells afterward be-
came one of the founders of an express and transportation company across the
continent, before the Pacific States were connected with the east by a railroad.
He retired from business some years before his death, devoted much time in trav-
eling, his winters being spent in Italy or the West Indies, and died in Glasgow,
Scotland, December 10, 1878.
2 Chap. 72, Laws of 1868.
42
330
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
New York city; William W. Howard, D. D., Aurora; Alexander
Thompson, M. D., Aurora; the Hon. Edwin B. Morgan, Aurora;
Tallmadge Delafield, Aurora; William H. Bogart, Aurora; the
Hon. Frederic W. Seward, Auburn; the Hon. Nathan K. Hall,
Buffalo; Jonathan B. Condit, D. D., Auburn; the Hon. Charles J.
Folger, Geneva; Alexander Holland, New York city; John Scott
Boyd, New York city; William E. Dodge, New York city; the
Hon. Charles B. Sedgwick, Syracuse, and Henry Foster, M. D.,
Clifton Springs. The President of the College is also a member of
the Board of Trustees.
In accordance with a life-long purpose of the founder, the corner
stone of the College building was laid July 19th, 1867,¹ with appro-
priate ceremonies, and on the 23d of July, 1868, the building was
dedicated, with addresses from the Hon. George William Curtis,
Dr. S. I. Prime, of the New York Observer, the Hon. Ezra Cornell
and others. On this occasion the Founder presented to the Trustees
a deed of gift, conveying the building already furnished and equipped,
with about twenty acres of land, representing a money value of
nearly two hundred thousand dollars.
¹ The following extract from the Founder's address, at the laying of the corner
stone, July 19, 1867, presents clearly and concisely the motives which led to this
undertaking:
"From all that has been said, it will be readily understood that the Founder of
this College does not intend it to be regarded or conducted as an ordinary board-
ing school. Neither is it his purpose to establish a school in which young ladies
may obtain a knowledge of domestic duties, which can be more effectually
learned under a mother's instruction, or a fashionable institute in which dress
and 'deportment' claim chief if not exclusive attention.
“The ideal present to his mind is of a 'Home,' in which, surrounded with ap-
pliances and advantages beyond the reach of separate families, however wealthy,
young ladies may assemble to receive that education which shall qualify them
to fulfill their duties as women, daughters, wives or mothers, and to practice
that pleasant demeanor, to cultivate those womanly graces, to exercise that
winning courtesy, which so befit those whom our mother tongue characterizes
as the gentler sex.'
"It is the fervent wish of the Founder, that this College may be conducted
on truly Christian principles, and that its pupils may always be surrounded by
an atmosphere of Christian influences. This feature of the education to be here
imparted will, he hopes, ever be considered of the greatest importance. Highly
appreciating the value of secular education, but not forgetful of its dangers
when divorced from religious training, it is his heartfelt desire that in this in-
stitution the two shall ever be so thoroughly combined, that through their
mútual and co-operative influence the young ladies who shall here spend their
school-life shall become not only intelligent and cultivated, but truly Christian
women."
HISTORY OF WELLS COLLEGE.
331
The College building has three stories and basement, and is of
brick, with gray stone trimmings, covering irregularly a site of one
hundred feet by about one hundred and twenty-five. In style the
Norman element predominates. It has, beside recitation-rooms,
offices, etc., accommodation for seventy-five students, the resident
teachers and servants. It is heated by steam, lighted with gas, and
abundantly supplied with water pumped from Cayuga lake.'
In 1879, a new building was presented the College by the late
Mrs. Edwin B. Morgan, at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars.
This, also, is of brick, eighty by forty-five feet. It contains on its
lower floor all the rooms needed for the Music Department, both for
instruction and practice. The second floor contains a Laboratory
fitted with all necessary appliances for the practical study of Chem-
istry, large lecture-room for the natural and physical sciences, a room
for geological, mineralogical and other cabinets, with ample rooms
for instruction in Drawing and Painting, and art collections illustra-
tive of the general subject of æsthetics and the history of Art. This
building also contains a Gymnasium, and is throughout amply
equipped for the especial work for which it was designed.
In 1875, the Founder, Mr. Wells, gave to the College a handsome
brick cottage, with twelve acres of land, for the residence of the
President. Additions of other buildings have been made from time
to time, chiefly through the beneficence of the late Hon. Edwin B.
Morgan, so that Wells College is in possession of buildings, land,
1 A description of Wells College with engravings, plans, etc., will be found in
the Regents' Report of 1871, p. 462.
2
2 EDWIN B. MORGAN was born in Aurora, May 2, 1806, was educated at the
Cayuga Lake Academy, and in early life engaged in active and successful business
as a merchant. In 1852, he was elected to Congress, and was in that office six
years. During the war, he distinguished himself by his activity in raising troops,
and gave $1,000 to each of the regiments raised in his district. He was one of the
founders of the New York Times, being President after the death of Mr. Ray-
mond, and the owner of a large part of the stock. He was one of the originators
of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, and its first President. He owned large interests
in that, and the Adams, the American and the United States Express Companies,
and in various banks and railroads, and in other large business corporations. He
was for a quarter of a century President of the Cayuga Lake Academy, and one of
his gifts to it was $10,000. He was a Trustee of the State Agricultural College,
in the People's College and in Cornell University. He was also a Trustee of the
Auburn Theological Seminary, and gave $25,000 toward a library building, and
$75,000 toward Morgan Hall, in memory of a deceased son. This is one of the
finest buildings owned by any Theological Seminary in the country. He contrib-
uted largely toward Professor Hartt's explorations in Brazil, and gave in all, for
charitable and educational objects, not less than $1,000,000. He died at Aurora,
October 13, 1881.
332
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
furnishing and equipment, to the value of about three hundred
thousand dollars.
In 1873, Mr. Morgan endowed a permanent fund of one hundred
thousand dollars, which, at his death in 1881, was increased by the
provisions of his will to two hundred thousand dollars. The total
value, therefore, of the property owned by the College is about half
a million dollars.
For beauty of situation and surrounding, Wells College is unsur-
passed. Situated on elevated ground south of the village of Aurora,
N. Y., on the eastern bank of Cayuga lake, it overlooks the lake in
its widest part, and commands extensive views of delightful scenery.
It is within easy connection with the New York Central, the Lehigh
Valley, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads.
Wells College was opened in September, 1868, with a class of
thirty-six students. The purpose of the Founder was to keep the
number small, in order that the College, while its mental training
should be of the most thorough and advanced character, should at
the same time preserve the essential characteristics of a refined
Christian home. The dimensions of the original building limit the
number of boarding students to seventy-five. Often this number is
exceeded by the admission of day students, while in the later years
there have been more applicants than can be received.
The course of instruction since 1875 has been in accordance with
the most advanced collegiate standard. The Faculty consists of a
President and Lady Principal, with a full corps of Professors and `
instructors to the number at present (1884) of thirteen.
The first President of Wells College was the Rev. Wm. W. How-
ard, D. D., who organized the institution, but resigned the position
at the close of its first year. From 1869 to 1873, the Rev. S. I.
Prime, D. D., of the New York Observer, held the office of Presi--
dent. From 1873 to 1875, the Rev. Thomas C. Strong, D. D.,
pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Aurora, was Acting President.
Since 1875, Edward S. Frisbee, D. D., has been President. The
first Lady Principal was Miss Mary M. Carter, who held the posi-
tion from 1868 to 1873. From 1873 to 1876, Miss Jane E. John-
son was Acting Lady Principal, and since 1876 the position has been
filled by Miss Helen F. Smith, with the full title of Lady Principal.
Since the opening in 1868, there have been sixty-eight graduates,
all of whom have taken a collegiate degree, the great majority hav-
ing pursued the usual course leading to the degree of Bachelor of
Arts.
HISTORY OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.
333
YEARS.
In general, Wells College, though necessarily limited in numbers
by the express design of its Founder, is in all respects well-equipped
for thorough collegiate work of a high order, and is every year at-
tracting a superior class of students. Fortunate in its Founder,
Henry Wells, and in its other principal benefactor, the late Hon.
Edwin B. Morgan, it is still fortunate in their successors, as well as
in its thoroughly organized and efficient faculty of instruction.
Summary of Students in Attendance and of Degrees Conferred
at Wells College, as reported to the Regents.
STUDENTS.
DEGREES COnferred.
Introductory
and special.
Novians.
(Freshmen.)
Sophomores.
Juniors.
Seniors.
1870....
32
1871...
26
27
4
3
8
7
1872..
13
24
11
6
1873..
6
13
16
10'
4274
47
50
61
49
1874..
24
76
1875..
49
16
9
5
10
89
1
....
1876..
27
16
13
13
1877...
44
5
6
6
1878...
33
7
6
1879..
44
4
ខ
1880...
49
3
1881..
6
7
2
1882..
11
11
6
1883..
17
14
9
4549 or
5
2 LO LO ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
71
1
5
66
1
63
3
59
3
67
27
6
2
34
3
50
421
322 323
1
1
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.
This institution was formed by the removal of the patronage of
Genesee College from Lima in 1870, and by the enlargement of
plans since that date.
The first fact of public interest in connection with the removal, was
a College Convention, called at the suggestion of a Centennary meet-
ing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Elmira, and held in Syra-
cuse, April 12, 1866. It consisted of five Central and Western Con-
ferences, and it being found that a removal was strongly favored,
measures were adopted for its advancement. In the same month,
the Black River and Oneida Conferences took harmonious action,
and constituted their Visitors to Genesee College commissioners, to
confer with the Trustees with the view of accomplishing this object.
The Trustees met at Lima June 27, 1866, and action was taken
favoring a removal to a more central place, on condition that $200,-
Total.
A. B.
B. S.
M. P.
M. A.
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
61
Ph. D.
334
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
000, besides buildings and grounds, be raised by the Conferences
east of Cayuga lake, and an equal amount by the two Genesee Con-
ferences.
A Convention of Laymen and Ministers, held at Syracuse July 26,
1866, indorsed this basis of action, and measures were taken to can-
vass Syracuse and other eligible localities, to ascertain what could be
raised.
In the autumn of 1866, the Genesee Conference with great una-
nimity approved of the plan, and measures were adopted for applying
to the Legislature of 1867 for an act legalizing the removal, but this
act was not obtained until two years afterward.
A meeting of public spirited citizens in Syracuse was held March
21, 1867. Measures were taken for bonding the city in aid of the
enterprise. This project was soon after indorsed at a public meeting
in the City Hall, and led to the passage of an act, entitled "An act
to authorize the city of Syracuse to issue bonds for an Educational
purpose," passed April 16, 1867.' It allowed the city to issue bonds
to the amount of $100,000, payable in not less than twenty years, to
be repaid with interest by city tax. The bonds were to be used in
aiding the endowment of a University or College in Syracuse, that
had other funds of $400,000, which must be actually secured before
these bonds could be issued.
Although a majority of the Trustees of Genesee College favored
removal, the citizens of Lima strongly opposed it, and procured an
injunction from the courts to prevent it.
2
An act was procured April 14, 1869, enabling the College to re-
move, upon filing a certificate in the office of Secretary of State, duly
executed and acknowledged by at least two-thirds of the Trustees,
and provision was made for separating the financial affairs of the
College and Seminary at Lima.
To give impetus to the measure, a State Methodist Convention
was held February 22, 1870, and the sum of $181,000 was pledged.
The new institution was on this occasion named the "Syracuse Uni-
versity," and an organization was soon after formed under the gen-
eral laws of 1848, "for the formation of Benevolent, Charitable,
Scientific and Missionary Societies."
1 Chap. 397, Laws of 1867.
2 Chap. 192, Laws of 1869.
993
3 Approved by Judge Morgan, and recorded March 25, 1870.
HISTORY OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.
335
Instruction began in the Myers' block in a central part of the city,
and continued until permanent buildings could be erected.
A commanding site, including fifty acres, on the south-eastern
borders of Syracuse was obtained, and on the 31st of August, 1871,
the corner stone of a College edifice was laid, and a Faculty was in-
augurated.
A Chancellor was not appointed the first year, the duties of the
office being performed by the Rev. Daniel Steele, D. D., Vice-Pres-
ident of the College of Liberal Arts. He resigned at the close of the
first year his connection with the University, and on the 9th of Au-
gust, 1872, Alexander Winchell, LL. D., for nineteen years previous
a Professor in the University of Michigan, was appointed Chancel-
lor. He entered upon his duties January 17, 1873. The inaugura-
tion services were held February 13 of that year.
As Preparatory Departments, the corporation appointed the fol-
lowing institutions, already long established. They were designated
as "Gymnasia," and distinguished by letters as follows:
(A.) Hudson River Institute, Claverack, Columbia county.
(B.) Cazenovia Seminary, Cazenovia, Madison county.
(C.) Ives Seminary, Antwerp, Jefferson county.
(D.) Formerly Amenia Seminary. Discontinued and now Onon-
daga Academy.
(E.) Chittenango Union School, Academic Department.
The erection of the main building was pushed forward to comple-
tion without delay and occupied by the College of Liberal Arts and
Fine Arts, while the College of Medicine has occupied from the be-
ginning rooms in a central part of the city in a building erected for
other purposes.
By “An act in relation to the endowment of the Syracuse Uni-
versity," passed March 24, 1882,¹ it was provided that no property,
real or personal, then held by the University, or that might there-
after be acquired, could be pledged or used for the payment of cur-
rent expenses, excepting such as came from accrued interest and
profits. The institution might receive, for purpose of endowment,
property having an annual income not exceeding $60,000 in amount.
The Syracuse Uuiversity, as now organized, embraces three Col-
leges:
1
¹ Chap. 31, Laws of 1882.
336
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1. The College of Liberal Arts.
2. The Medical College.
3. The College of Fine Arts.
They are open for the admission of women on the same terms as
men.
In the first of these there are four courses:
The Classical course.
The Latin-Scientific course, including the studies of the Classical
course, excepting the Greek.
The Scientific course, including neither Greek nor Latin, except-
ing Cæsar.
The course of Civil Engineering, with neither Greek nor Latin.
The College of Fine Arts which has separate courses in Archi-
tecture, Painting and Music.
The Medical College which will be separately noticed.
The financial statement of Syracuse University reported for the
year ending in 1883, was as follows:
Grounds...
•
Buildings and Furniture.
Libraries (12,507 volumes)
Educational collections ..
Investment in bonds and mortgages
In other real estate...
Other property..
Total...
Debts....
Net property......
Revenue from Tuition collected....
Other receipts from Studeuts.
From invested funds...
From other sources.
•
1
•
$100, 000 00
162, 000 00
22, 238 00
15, 675 00
41,900 00
165, 040 08
112, 181 47
$619, 034 55
99, 000 00
$520,034 55
$13, 142 00
1,050 00
15, 878 56
16, 646 28
Total....
$46,716 84
The University has 36 Professors and 400 Students. Number of
Graduates in 1883, 44; from beginning to 1883, inclusive, 488 in
Liberal and Fine Arts, and 117 in Medicine.
During the year 1883-84, the Syracuse University received $60,-
HISTORY OF SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.
337
YEARS.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
YEARS.
Males.
Females.
000 for endowment from the following Conferences: Troy, $10,000;
Genesee, $15,000; Central New York, $10,000; Wyoming, $20,-
000; New York, $3,000 and Northern New York, $2,000.
Statistics of Syracuse University.
Students in Attendance.
Total.
Males.
COLLEGE OF
LIBERAL ARTS.
COLLEGE
COLLEGE
OF MEDICINE.
OF FINE ARTS.
Females.
1872-73..
83
25
108
108
1873-74..
102
34
136
22
4
26
6
9
15
177
1874-75..
122
26
148
52
8
60
9
13
22
220
1875-76.
121
28
149
52
11
63
11
15
26
•
238
1876-77...
126
25
151
32
1877-78..
112
20
132
43
COLO
6
38
14
32
46
235
5
48
22
63
85
265
1878-79.
114
18
132
38
38
14
70
84
254
•
1879-80.
109
30
139
42
...
1880-81.
118
28
146
43
1881-82.
133
23 156
40
1882-83..
1883-84..
145
40 185
33
145
43 188
36
.322 KO LO
45
17
84
101
285
45
20
83
103
294
42
20
112
132
330
3
36
13
146
159
380
41
24 147
171
400
TABLE-(Continued).
Graduates from each College.
COLLEGE OF
LIBERAL ARTS.
COLLEGE
OF MEDICINE.
COLLEGE
OF FINE ARTS.
Females.
1872-73..
18
1
19
19
1873-74..
3
3
1874-75..
6.
. ∞
3
9
• 10 00
5
1
6
9
8
1
9
18
1875-76..
16
4
20
9
3
12
1
33
1876-77.
26
8
34
13
4
17
2
2
53
1877-78.
23
1
24
4
1
5
..
1878-79..
23
1
24
11
3
14
1879-80..
32
4
36
6
6
1880-81..
19
4
23
6
6
1881-82..
24
8
32
19
20
1882-83..
26
1883-84.
18
•
1884-85....
Total.....
23
482
30
11
11
26
12
12
25
11
1
12
•123142NN
2
3
32
5
45
6
9
51
8
9
*38
10
14
66
447
6
47
6
44
9
46
501
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Total in all.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Total in all.
43
338
}
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1877-78..
TABLE(Continued).
Advanced Degrees.
HONORARY
OR IN COURSE.
YEARS.
LL. D.
1872-73..
1873-74.
1874-75.
1875-76.
1876-77.
•
•
1
1878-79.
1879-80.
1980-81..
1881-82.
1882-83.
1883-84.
Total...
D. D.
M. A., M.
Ph. and
M. S.
M. D.
Total.
M. A.
?
ON EXAMI-
NATION.
Ph. D.
Total.
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
121122
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
1
1
1
1
1
1
26
1
29
2
13
14
13
15
18
22
18
21
1
18
28
1
8
12
1
17
22
1
14
18
1
17
20
2422
21
•22
2431
2
3
5
5
4
4
4
4
10
12
5
9
6
9
9
10
196
Total...
64
Grand total of Graduates of Syracuse University..
Grand total of Graduates of Genesee College adopted by Syracuse University.
Total Advanced Degrees....
Grand total Degrees conferred....
Deduct names repeated.....
Total number of Alumni.
501
272
260
1033
180
853
College of Medicine in the Syracuse University.
The Geneva Medical College, in 1872, was transferred with its
library and its collections to Syracuse, a majority of its Faculty con-
tinuing their services in the new location. A number of resident
physicians and others united with them, and arrangements were
made for hospital and classical instruction. The removal was sanc-
tioned by the Trustees of Hobart College.
The name first assumed was "The College of Physicians and
Surgeons of the Syracuse University."
In June, 1875, this school adopted a full graded course of three
years, with an extension of the scholastic year to nearly double the
usual length, it being the second College to adopt this course. The
studies are arranged as follows:
First Year-Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Histology and
Botany.
Second Year-Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Materia Med-
ica, Practice, Surgery, Obstetrics, Pathology and Clinics.
HISTORY OF ST. BONAVENTURE'S COLLEGE.
339
:
·
Third Year Therapeutics, Practice, Surgery, Obstetrics, Dis-
eases of Children, Pathology, Gynecology, Forensic Medicine and
Ophthalmology, with Clinics and Dental Surgery.
The years are divided into two terms, and ample facilities are
offered for laboratory work, use of the microscope, and hospital in-
struction, there being two hospitals in Syracuse - St. Joseph's and
the House of the Good Shepherd. The College has a Dispensary.
No special buildings have been erected, and the College is organized
under the University charter.
ST. BONAVENTURE'S COLLEGE.
[Founded in 1859, and conducted some years as a private Academy.]
On the 1st day of March, 1875, the Regents granted a provisional
charter to St. Bonaventure's College, located in the town of Alle-
gany, Cattaraugus county. Its site is about half a mile south of the
village, and the main edifice was finished in 1869. A donation of
200 acres of land, and $5,000, was given by Nicholas Devereux, to-
ward its establishment.
The charter of 1875 was in the form of a perpetual charter, with
the following addition:
"Provided always, and these presents are upon the express con-
dition, that if within the term of five years from the date hereof, the
Trustees of the said College do not present to us, the said Regents,
satisfactory evidence that they have invested for the use of the said
College, funds amounting to at least $100,000, in," etc., "or that
they have made such other provision to insure the efficient working
and permanent establishment of the said College as shall be satisfac-
tory to us the said Regents, then this charter and all the provisions
thereof, may, by a declaration of us, the said Regents, to that pur-
port, to be entered on our minutes, be declared to be absolutely void
and of no effect; but if evidence of such investment be so furnished,
then and in that event, and on the declaration of us the said Regents,
under our common seal and in that behalf, this charter shall thence-
forth become and be perpetual."
With respect to this requirement of an endowment of $100,000,
as embodied in the ordinance for the incorporation of Colleges by
the Regents, adopted by the Board in 1851, it was remarked by the
committee appointed to consider the question of allowing a full
charter, in a report made January 11, 1881, that the statutory re-
quirement had fixed no pecuniary limitation, but had left it discre.
tionary with the Regents to place such restrictions as they might
deem proper, and add:
340
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
"There is no law, statutory or otherwise, requiring as a pre-
requisite to the chartering of a College any pecuniary fund. Policy
requires that an institution of so high a nature should not be created
without sufficient evidences that if created, it will be stable and effi-
cient in the diffusion of the higher branches of learning, and judg-
ment of these evidences is left entirely by law to the Board. Its
ordinances do not and cannot limit its power; and so the Board
must have determined, when it passed upon the original application
of, and granted its present charter to St. Bonaventure College.
That charter plainly proves that the Board did not deem the posses-
sion of an invested fund of $100,000 essential to the stability and
efficiency of the College, or a prerequisite to the grant of a perpetual
charter. * *
The College is conducted by Brothers of the
Minor Order of St. Francis, who are vowed to poverty and devoted
to education. Beyond a bare support, they draw nothing from the
funds of the College. The Order insures to the College a perpetual
succession of competent teachers. Its buildings are commodious
and in all respects fitted for the uses of the College. Its library and
philosophical apparatus are very respectable. All necessary revenues
for the uses of the College are assured. We can see no reason why
its petition should not be granted."
*
>
Upon this recommendation the charter was made absolute, Janu-
ary 11, 1883.
Statistics of St. Bonaventure College.
YEARS
ENDING IN—
First Class,
Senior.
Second Class,
Junior.
Sophomore.
Third Class,
Fourth Class,
Freshmen.
Preparatory
Department.
Commercial
Department.
Total.
Left during
the year.
Remaining at
end of year.
Degrees con-
ferred (A. B.)
1875...
9
12
15
18
40
39 133
10
126
1876..
8
12
15
17
33
25
110
4
106
1
1877..
10
14
16
30
38
115
6
109
1878.
10
14
17
19
35
33
128
4
124
1879
16
18
25
24
36
24
143
6
137
1880
16
18
25
24
36
25
144
3
140
..
1881.
17
19
26
25
87.
4
1882..
95
6
1883.
16
18
24
26
81
3
The grounds (200 acres) are valued at $30,000; Buildings and
Furniture, $159,000; Library and Philosophical Apparatus, $17,000;
Revenue from all sources (1883), $21,684; Expenditure (1883),
$28,540.
The College embraces in its instruction Ecclesiastical, Classical,
Scientific and Commercial Courses. Its last report shows that its
faculty is composed of thirteen members, viz.:
HISTORY OF THE COOPER UNION.
341
President Very Rev. Theophilus Pospisilik, O. S. F.
Dean Very Rev. Joseph F. Butler, O. S. F.
Registrar-Rev. Arcadius Maggorossy, O. S. F.
Secretary - Rev. Joachim J. Molloy, O. S. F.
Professors — Philosophy and Logic, Very Rev. Fr. Michael, O.
S. F.; Latin, IIigher Mathematics, Elocution, Geometry, Rhetoric,
History and Geography, Rev. Joseph F. Butler, O. S. F.; Natural
Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry and Astronomy, Rev. J. J.
Molloy, O. S. F.; Latin and Greek, Rev. Francis P. Coen, O. S. F.;
French and German, Rev. John Roser, O. S. F.; Rhetoric, English
Literature and French, John T. Goodwin; Rhetoric, Geometry,
Algebra and History, Pamfilus A. Ennis, O. S. F.; Latin, Greek
and Mathematics, Celsius L. Murphy, O. S. F.; Instrumental and
Vocal Music, William F. Krampf, D. M.
THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART.
The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art was
established by Peter Cooper, LL. D., of New York city, who deeded
the completed building and property April 29, 1859, to six Trustees,
under the condition that "the above-mentioned and described prem-
ises, together with the appurtenances, and the rents, issues, income
and profits thereof, shall be forever devoted to the instruction and
improvement of the inhabitants of the United States in practical
science and art."
In the administration of this plan, the following departments have
been organized and maintained:
(1.) A Free Reading-Room and Library. In 1883-4 number of
periodicals taken in reading-room, 451; number of books in library,
17,810; number of visitors to reading-room, 549,707.
(2.) A Free Art School for Women. In 1883-4 number of ap-
plicants, 600; number admitted, 275, besides students in "pay " class
149.
(3.) A Free School for Women in Wood-Engraving. In 1883-4
number received, 33.
(4.) A Free School of Telegraphy for Women. In 1883-4 num-
ber admitted, 76.
(5.) A Free Class in Phonography and Type-writing. In 1883-4
number admitted, 68.
(6.) A Free Night School of Science (classes in Algebra, Geometry,
Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry, Descriptive Geometry, Calcu-
lus, Mechanics, Physics, Engineering, Astronomy, Chemistry, Geol-
342
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ogy, Drawing, Oratory, etc.). Number admitted in 1883-4, 1,417.
(7.) A Free Night School of Art (classes in Perspective, Mechan-
ical, Architectural and Decorative Drawing and Designing, Model-
ling, etc.). Number admitted in 1883-4, 1,956.
(8.) Free Lectures on Science, Art, Travels, etc.
The cost and endowment of the Cooper Union to January 1, 1854,
has been something over $1,000,000, contributed wholly by Peter
Cooper (his bequest of $100,000 and $100,000 given by his heirs
being included, and no account being taken here of numerous minor
donations for scholarships, etc., from Mr. Cooper and others). Fur-
ther endowments are invited by the Trustees in their Twenty-fifth
Annual Report (May, 1884), in which they say that "while there is
an overwhelming demand for the privileges of the institution, so
much so, that in some departments applicants are compelled to wait
for more than a year before admission can be granted, the institution
has reached the limit of its usefulness with the space at its com-
mand, and the money available for its support." The income is
derived from rents of portions of the building, and from an endow-
ment by Mr. Cooper. If the portions now rented could be appro-
priated to instruction, it would be possible to double the usefulness
of the institution. The annual expenditure involved in such an
enlargement would require an additional endowment of $1,000,000.
The number of instructors employed in 1860 was 16; in 1883, 38.
Expenditure in 1860, $30,800.71; in 1883, $53,934.57. Number
of certificates for full courses awarded in 1861, at the close of the
first full year, 272; in 1884, 1,370.
The number of pupils admitted annually to the various schools has
been since 1869 as follows: 1870, 2,222; 1871, 2,490; 1872, 2,997 ;
1873, 2,945; 1874, 3,232; 1875, 3,182; 1876, 3,276; 1877, 3,295;
1878, 3,149; 1879, 3,347; 1880, 3,341; 1881, 2,979; 1882, 3,328;
1883, 3,757.
Mr. Cooper, the venerable and beloved founder of this institution,
died April 4, 1883.
This institution was conducted under its charter received from the
Legislature until 1879. On the 10th of January of that year a
Resolution was passed by the Regents that on filing a written re-
quest or petition of the Trustees in the Regents' office, it should be
received as one of the Collegiate institutions of the University, and
subject to visitatión.¹
¹ In view of the eminent services of Mr. Cooper in the cause of education, the
Regents on the 11th of July, 1878, voted to confer upon him the Degree of Doctor
HISTORY OF THE COOPER UNION.
343
CC
The magnificent building known as the "Cooper Institute," or
Cooper Union," at the intersection of Third and Fourth Avenues,
and fronting on Clinton Place, from its central location and converg
ing lines of communication is admirably adapted to the purposes of
of Laws. In view of his advanced age, it was thought proper that the Degree
should be conferred upon him at his own residence in New York city, on his next
birth-day (February 12), and the members of the Regents were invited to be
present.
At a subsequent meeting of the Board the Chancellor reported the proceedings
of the occasion, which were ordered to be entered on the minutes, as follows:
'The Chancellor reports that on the evening of the 12th day of February last,
being the birth-day of Mr. Peter Cooper, at his residence, and in the presence of
a brilliant and distinguished company of guests - the Vice-Chancellor and Re-
gents Curtis, Depew, Warren and Reid, and the Secretary assisting, he pre-
sented the diploma and conferred the honorary Degree of LL. D. on Mr.
Cooper, as ordered by this Board."
The Secretary read the order of the Regents. The Chancellor thereupon
made the following declaration :
This day commences Mr. Cooper's eighty-ninth year. The business years
of his long life have been filled with great and successful enterprises of use-
fulness. He early considered the question what he should do for the perma-
nent good of his fellow-men. The result of his reflections reveals at once his
intellectual and moral nature. He determined to found a grand and free in-
stitution of learning for the benefit of the masses, in the midst of the vices,
the follies and the temptations of this great city of his nativity, and twenty
years ago he breathed the breath of life into the Cooper Institute, which is
now one of the most remarkable institutions of our age, created and organized
and endowed by him alone.
It has cost him, principal and interest, more than $2,000,000. It has about
thirty instructors in literature, science and art, and is maintained at an expense
of about $50,000 a year. During the past year its free reading-room has been
visited by 640,000 readers, having the use of 294 newspapers, magazines and
other periodicals, and a growing library of about 20,000 volumes, and its
classes of students have numbered the past year, 3,395. He has always been
its President. It has been the pleasure and pride of his life. There it will
stand forever, a monument of his wisdom and philanthropy — a working monu-
ment-working out its original purpose day and night, ages on ages, after the
monuments of Greenwood shall have crumbled away.
For this munificent and successful effort in the cause of Education he merits
the highest educational honor. The College of New Jersey, at Princeton, a
few years since, conferred on him the honorary degree of D. S., and by the
authority of the Regents, as Chancellor of the University of the State of New
York, I shall now confer upon him the honorary degree of LL. D."
This was done in the language of the instrument. Mr. Cooper made an ap-
propriate response, in the course of which he said: “I have given the labors
of a long life to the advancement and diffusion of scientific knowledge, feel-
ing assured that when Christianity itself comes to be felt in all its purity,
power and force, it will then be found to be a simple system, a science, a
rule of life, to guide and regulate the actions of mankind."
344
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
its establishment. The first and second stories are devoted to busi-
ness purposes, or used as the offices and library of the American
Institute, and other literary purposes. The immense reading-room
and the apartments devoted to library, and used as class-rooms for
instruction, in the upper stories, are easy of approach, well lighted,
and admirably arranged. In the basement is a large and commodious
lecture room, in which free courses of lectures upon Scientific sub-
jects are delivered in the winter months. This is the favorite place
for public meetings of all kinds, and particularly in the campaign
seasons for political assemblies and popular demonstrations, as occa-
sions arise.
NIAGARA UNIVERSITY.
Incorporated by the Regents August 7, 1883,¹ and composed of
the "Seminary of Our Lady of Angels," at Suspension Bridge, and
a Medical College in the city of Buffalo, in connection with the Buf-
falo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. It is governed by a Board
of seven Trustees, with full powers of a College.
The report for the year 1882-83 showed an attendance of 18 in
the Freshman, 20 in the Sophomore, 18 in the Junior, and 20 in the
Senior classes, and of 10 Resident Graduates; total, 86. In June,
1883, there were 4 graduates taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
and 2 as Master of Arts in course; total number of graduates, 32.
Property: Grounds, 294 acres, valued at $30,000; buildings and
furniture, $200,000; library (6,000 volumes), $10,000; educational
collections, $6,000; debts, $90,000.
This College is in charge of the Society known as the Congrega-
tion of the Mission, whose members are devoted to teaching, and
receive no compensation, except that required by the rules of the
Order.
CANISIUS COLLEGE.
Located on Washington street, in Buffalo, and conducted by mem-
bers of the Society of Jesus. Incorporated without provisional re-
quirements January 11, 1883. In the report made by the commit-
tee at the time of granting a charter, it is stated that the buildings
are very extensive, and admirably adapted to the uses of a College.
Its library and philosophical apparatus are good, and the revenues
1
¹ By an act passed May 3, 1884, the former act of 1863 (chap. 190) was amended,
by more fully enlarging the powers formerly granted, in the establishment of a
Medical Department and the granting of degrees.
HISTORY OF RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.
·345.
abundant for its uses. The property with which it was proposed to
endow the College was estimated to be worth $240,600 by fair and
competent judges.
RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.
This institution was founded in 1824, by the Hon. Stephen Van
Rensselaer, of Albany, as a school of Theoretical and Practical
Science.
It was incorporated March 21, 1826,¹ by special act under the
name of "The Rensselaer School," and for purposes set forth in the
preamble of the act as follows:
"WHEREAS, The Honorable Stephen Van Rensselaer has pro-
cured suitable buildings in the city of Troy, in Rensselaer county,
and therein set up a school, and at his own private expense has
furnished the same with a scientific library, chemical and philosoph-
ical apparatus, implements for teaching land surveying and other
branches of practical mathematics, which are useful to the agricul
turist, the machinist and to other artists; has caused to be prepared
and furnished separate and commodious rooms for instruction in
natural philosophy, natural history, the common operations in chem-
istry, and an assay room for the analysis of soils, manures, minerals
and animal and vegetable matter, with the application of these de-
partments of science to agriculture, domestic economy and the arts;
and
WHEREAS, said Van Rensselaer has employed teachers, and
caused an experimental system of instruction to be adopted by them,
whereby each student is required to observe the operations of a se-
lect number of agriculturists and artists in the vicinity of said school,
and to demonstrate the principles upon which the results of such
operations depend, by experiments and specimens performed and
exhibited by his own hands, under the direction of said teachers; and
WHEREAS, One important object of said school is to qualify
teachers for instructing youth in villages and common school dis-
tricts, belonging to the class of farmers and mechanics, by lectures.
or otherwise, in the application of the most important principles of
experimental chemistry, natural philosophy and practical inathe-
matics to agriculture, domestic economy, the arts and manufactures;
and
WHEREAS, The Trustees of said school, who were appointed
to take charge thereof by said Van Rensselaer, by an instrument in
writing, dated November the 5th, in the year 1824, have represented
to this Legislature that after having tested the plan of said school
by a trial of one year, they find it to be practicable, and in their
opinion highly beneficial to the public; and
1 Chap 83, Laws of 1826, p. 63.
316
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
WHEREAS, The Legislature consider it their duty to encour-
age
such laudable efforts, and such municipal applications of the sur-
plus wealth of individuals; therefore, be it enacted, etc."
The act proceeds to name Simeon DeWitt, Samuel Blatchford,
John D. Dickinson, Gerrit Van Schoonhoven, Elias Parmelee,
Richard P. Hart, John Cramer and Theodore Romeyn Beck, as
Trustees, and to define their powers. The income was limited to
$20,000 a year.
On the 8th of February, 1828, Governor Clinton transmitted to
the Legislature, with his cordial approval, an application from the
Trustees of this school, consenting to an alteration of their charter,
so as to vest in the Regents, or in the Trustees, the power to change
its location to any place in Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga or Schenec-
tady counties, and by a change that might allow the appointment of
Trustees two from each of these counties without regard to any
particular city or village therein.
The gratuitous use of the school with all its apparatus and facilities
of every kind was tendered the Legislature, for the purpose of qual-
ifying suitable persons for teaching the practical application of the
experimental sciences to agriculture, the arts, manufactures and do-
mestic economy. There had been expended within seven years by
the Founder over $18,000 in making trials to ascertain the best and
most economical method of teaching the practical application of ex-
perimental science, and extending it to the laboring part of com-
munity, and in searching out the natural resources of the State.
The collections and library were valued at $3,615 and the real estate
$1,348, making with recent additions $5,009. The free use of a
large brick building, formerly used by the Farmers' Bank, was also
offered, with several wooden buildings then occupied by the school.
This application was referred to the Regents, and on the 11th of
March, 1828, they agreed upon a lengthy and highly favorable re-
port. They say:
"The Sciences taught in the Rensselaer School are immediately
connected with agriculture and arts, and are considered indispensable
to the successful prosecution of the great branches of manufacturing
labor in wool, cotton and iron, which the nation has embarked in
and upon the success of which the prosperity of our State is mate-
rially involved. The plan of instruction is new, and in the opinion.
of the committee, perfectly efficient and highly commendable. By
putting the pupil in the place of the Professor he necessarily acquires
a knowledge of the principles of the science on which he lectures;
HISTORY OF RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.
347
while the experimental demonstrations of the Laboratory render him
familiar with the practical application of those principles to agricul-
tural and manufacturing operations."
The committee proceed to consider at length the advantages to
be derived from such an institution, refer to the particular industries
that derive aid from Chemistry and other sciences, and conclude by
saying that they do not hesitate to express their belief" that the
system of instruction pursued in the Rensselaer School is eminently
calculated to promote the best interests of the State, and they
therefore respectfully suggest that the Board of Regents do recom-
mend the proposition of the Trustees to the favorable consideration
of the Legislature.
The first President of the School was Aмos EATON, whose pioneer
labors in Geology, Botany and other branches of Natural Science
entitle him to an honorable place in the Educational History of the
State. While engaged in studying the "Canal Rocks of New York,"
under the patronage of Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, about 1828-
29, he made summer excursions with his school, in a flotilla of canal
boats, from one end of the Erie canal to the other, stopping at every
point that offered subjects of scientific interest or opportunities for
studying structures in engineering, mechanical operations, quarries,
fossil beds or mineral localities. His classes brought back at the end
of the season rich stores of knowledge, gathered on the way, and
habits of observation that would last through life.
By an act passed May 9, 1835, the Trustees of the Rensselaer
Institute (formerly Rensselaer School) were empowered to establish
a department of Mathematical seats, for the purpose of giving in-
struction in Engineering and Technology, as a branch of said insti-
tute, and to receive and apply donations for procuring instruments
and other facilities suitable for giving such instruction in a practical
manner, and to authorize the President to confer certificates on
students in said department, in testimony of their respective qualifi-
cations for practical operators in the Mechanical Arts.
The act incorporating the Troy Academy was revived May 8,
1837, and the Trustees were allowed to unite with those of the
Rensselaer Institute, and to be known as the department of Clas-
sical Literature of the latter. Each was to conduct its own oper-
ations according to its own laws and usages, and as respected
the use of instruments, apparatus and library, particularly in field
exercises and various excursions for purposes of improvement in
348
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the Mathematical Arts and the Natural Sciences. The Institute
under this union was to be subject to visitation by the Regents.
The Troy Academy, although a separate institution, at present
affords special facilities to students preparing for the Institute,
and is regarded as its training school, and more students enter
from it than from any other institution.
This institution was received under the visitation of the Regents,
with the privileges of an Academy, February 5, 1846, and was
classed with them until its reorganization in 1852, receiving for
eight years a share of the literature moneys distributed to the
academies of the State. It has at several times received appro-
priations from the Legislature. In 1873, it obtained a grant of
$10,000, to assist in rebuilding after a fire; in 1868, it got $15,-
000, and in 1871, $3,750.
By an act passed March 8, 1850, the restrictions as to place of
residence of Trustees was removed, and the number was increased
to nineteen, the first members of the new Board being named.
The office of Director was created. He was always to be an act-
ing member of the faculty.
By an act passed April 8, 1861, a full Board of Trustees was
named, their powers enlarged and defined, and the name changed to
the "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.”
The purposes of the Institute were declared to be, the maintenance
in the city of Troy, of a school for instruction in Mathematics, Civil
Engineering, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Literature
and the Arts in their application to Agriculture, Domestic Economy
and Manufactures, as the Trustees might direct.
The Faculty, consisting of the President of the Board of Trustees,
the Director, Professors and Teachers, were to have charge of in-
struction and discipline, their duty being to pursue such a system of
instruction as would be calculated to make thorough scholars in the
several branches of Civil Engineering, and other studies in the In-
stitute.
The Trustees might confer the degrees of Civil Engineer, Topo-
graphical Engineer, or Bachelor of Science, or such other academic
honors as they might deem proper, upon those who had pursued
the course of study prescribed, and who had passed a thorough ex-
amination, and had been recommended by the Faculty. The Insti-
tute was subject to visitation by the Regents, and entitled to the
same privileges as academies, colleges and schools of the higher
HISTORY OF RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIO INSTITUTE.
349
order, upon complying with the terms required by law, and with the
rules of the Regents. The change of name was to affect no right.
The State Paleontologist, was directed by act of April 23, 1864,
to present to the Institute as full a series of fossils from the dupli-
cates of the State Museum, as could be made up, for the use of the
school.
The Institute building was burned in 1862, but soon after re-
built, and is at present a substantial and imposing structure, 115 feet
long, 50 wide, and four stories high. The Winslow Laboratory,
named in honor of John F. Winslow, of Poughkeepsie, a former
President of the Institute, is adjacent, being 60 feet in length, 40 in
width, and three stories high. The Williams Proudfit Observatory,
erected by the late Ebenezer Proudfit, Esq., of Troy, as a memorial
of his deceased son, formerly a member of the Institute, occupies a
commanding site, and consists of a central part 30 feet square, with
north, south and east wings, with a total length of 76 and total
breadth of 60 feet.
There are extensive collections of various kinds, in different de-
partments of the natural and physical sciences, including apparatus,
instruments and models and other conveniences for instruction.
The Reports of this institution to the Regents have not been
continuous since its reorganization as a general Polytechnic Institute
in 1861, although there has been no interruption in its operations.
The report published in 1883 shows an attendance of 104, in the
four Divisions, and 4 in special studies. Number of graduates in
June, 1882 (C. E.), 17. Whole number of graduates, 775.
The annual tuition fee is $200; Graduation fee, $18.
The total value of property is reported at $116,500, of which
$88,500 is in buildings and grounds, $10,000 in Library, $6,000 in
Educational Collections, and $12,000 in property of other kinds.
The Register for 1884 shows a list of 19 Professors and Instruc-
tors, and an attendance of 204. There is now but a single course of
instruction, which all regular members of the Institute pursue, and the
degree conferred is that of Civil Engineer. This includes Mechanical
or Dynamical Engineering, Road Engineering, Bridge Engineering,
Hydraulic Engineering, Steam Engineering and Mining Engineering.
The studies of the course, which extends through four years, are
designed to secure to all graduates a professional preparation at once
practical and thorough, for the following specialties of engineering
practice: The location, construction and superintendence of public
works, as railway, canal, water-works, etc.; the design, construction
350
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
:
and management of mills, iron works, steel works, chemical works
and pneumatic works; the design and construction of roofs, arch
bridges, girder bridges and suspension bridges; the survey and
superintendence of mines, the design, construction and use of wind
motors, hydraulic motors, air engines, and the various kinds of steam
engines; the design, construction and use of machines in general,
and the determination of their efficiency; the survey of lakes, rivers,
lakes and harbors, and the direction of their improvement; the
determination of latitude, longitude, time, and the meridian in geo-
graphical exploration, or for other purposes, together with the pro-
jection of maps; the selection and tests of materials used in con-
struction; the construction of the various kinds of geometrical and
topographical drawings.
In addition to the regular course there are now summer courses
in Chemistry and Assaying in vacation, continuing six weeks, where
classes can be formed of not less than eight members.
Number of Graduates at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
under its Present and Former Organization, since its be-
ginning.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
YEARS.
Number.
1826.
1827
00
10
1847...
11
1867.
10
1848..
10
1868.
1828.
6
1849.
12
1869...
3225
20
1829.
11
1850.
7
1870.
20
·
1830
11
1851.
4
1871
26
1831.
5
1852.
* 1872.
17
1832.
4
1853..
6
1873.
21
1833..
7
1854..
5
1874.
11
·
1834..
3
1855.
6
1875..
24
1835..
10
1856..
16
1876.
32
1836.
8
1857
12
1877.
27
1837.
17
1858.
18
1878.
33
1838..
18
1859.
15
1879.
31
1839.
17
1860..
18
1880.
18
1840.
13
1861.
18
1881.
20
1841..
11
1862.
9
1882.
18
•
1842.
9
1863.
12
1883.
15
•
1843.
3
1864.
6
1884.
25
1844.
3 1865.
12
•
1845..
1846...
6 1866.
11
17
Total....
820
* None graduated in this year on account of an extension of the course.
ST. FRANCIS COLLEGE (Brooklyn).
St. Francis Monastery, in the city of Brooklyn, was incorporated
June 2, 1868,' the declared object being the education of children,
1 Chap. 851, Laws of 1868.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
351
1
as well those able to pay as those who were not, and for visiting and
assisting the poor. By an act passed May 8, 1884, the limit of
property allowed was raised from $50,000 to $250,000, and the
trustees were empowered to establish a literary College upon accu-
mulating $50,000, and upon further organization as specified, to
confer honors and degrees the same as other Colleges and Univer-
sities, but only upon completion of studies equivalent to those of
other Colleges. It was to be subject to the rules of the Regents.
Proceedings are understood to be in operation for perfecting the
organization of this institution as a College, but no reports have as
yet been made to the Regents.
CHAPTER VIII.
COLLEGE PLANS PROPOSED, BUT NOT PUT IN OPERATION: EXCEP-
TIONAL PLANS OF COLLEGES; EXTRA LIMITAL COLLEGES; THEO-
LOGICAL SEMINARIES.
In order to render our account of Literary Colleges of the State
complete, we have presented in alphabetical order such as have been
undertaken without full organization, or that could not be included
in the foregoing list, and a few others that have been recognized by
law, or that have otherwise come under official notice.
ALBANY COLLEGE.
The city government of Albany and many of its influential citi-
zens endeavored to secure the location finally determined in favor of
Schenectady, when the incorporation of Union College was granted
in 1795. The facts of most importance in this movement are
noticed in our account of Union College, and may be traced more
fully in the sources of information there cited.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF MINES.
2
Incorporated April 14, 1858, for the economical and scientific
development of the mineral wealth of the United States, and for
giving instruction in mining. Corporators: Isaac Ferris, Horace
Webster, Peter Cooper, Charles M. Wheatley, Robert Pumpelly,
Thomas W. Olcott and James H. Armsby. Not located in the act,
1 Chap. 258, Laws of 1884.
"Chap. 220, Laws of 1858,
352
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and plans not perfected. It was probably intended to meet a want
since supplied by the School of Mines in Columbia College.
AUBURN COLLEGE.
In the winter of 1835, a project was undertaken for the establish-
ment of a College under the control of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. It was started at a meeting of the Oneida Conference,
at Oswego, September 25, 1835, and upon assurances of support and
coöperation, William H. Seward, Nathaniel Garrow, George B.
Throop, John Seymour and Rev. Zachariah Paddock, of Auburn ;
Rev. George Peck and Rev. Josiah Keyes, of Cazenovia, were ap-
pointed to procure a charter from the Regents of the University.
The Genesee Conference, on the 14th of October of that year, ap-
pointed a committee to coöperate, consisting of Rev. Samuel Luckey,
D. D., and Augustus A. Bennett, of Lima; Rev. Abner Chase, of
Penn Yan; Rev. John B. Alverson, of Perry; Jonathan Metcalf,
of Seneca Falls; Dr. Samuel Moore, of Palmyra, and Dr. O. C.
Comstock, of Trumansburgh.
The commissioners met at Auburn, December 23, for counsel, and
Messrs. Garrow, Seward and Throop were authorized to take such
measures with respect to the Regents as might be deemed expedient.
On the 26th of February, 1836, the form of a Provisional charter
was ordered to be prepared. It was definitely proposed to erect the
College on the Dill farm, on the north side of Allen street, a few
rods east of Washington street, and the cost of buildings and lands
were to be $30,000, and the endowment, $50,000, all of which were
readily consented to by the Regents.
A public meeting was held on the 25th of August, 1836, at which
$18,000 was subscribed, and a Board of Trustees soon afterward
was organized, with Nathaniel Garrow as President and William H.
Seward as Secretary.
About $40,000 were subscribed, a plan for College buildings was
prepared, and ten acres of land for a site donated. It was intended
to commence the erection of buildings in the spring of 1837, but
the financial crisis of that year soon came, blighting the prospects
that had promised complete success, and effectually prostrating all
further efforts in the undertaking.
1
AUBURN FEMALE UNIVERSITY.
Incorporated January 29, 1852,¹ and intended to form an institu-
1 Chap. 3, Laws of 1852.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
353
}
972
tion for the education of young women upon an extended plan.
Charter amended July 21, 1853,¹ as the " Auburn Female Seminary.
Efforts were made to procure an endowment, but difficulties arose,
partly from being unable to agree upon a site, and the project was
abandoned. In this proposed undertaking no one denomination of
religious bodies was given a preference in the act, but they were to
be represented in proportion to the amount of funds they subscribed.
This effort was the germ of what was afterward matured in the
Female College at Elmira under a separate charter.
BROCKPORT COLLEGE.
An institution under this name with the usual powers of a College
received a charter March 4, 1836,³ which was not to be valid unless
in three years, or sooner, the sum of $30,000 should be raised for a
building, and $50,000 for an endowment.
This enterprise was begun by the Baptists, and funds were sub-
scribed sufficient, as was thought, to warrant the undertaking. The
walls of a four-story stone building were erected, but the inside
work had not been done, when the financial crisis of 1837 came.
This prevented subscriptions from being paid, and effectually stopped
further progress. The unfinished building remained unoccupied for
several years, excepting that its basement was used for stabling
horses and cattle.
Some years afterward an entirely new corporation was formed
under the name of the "Brockport Collegiate Institute,” and ac-
quired the title of the site. The building was finished and used for
some years as an Academy, until burned. A new one was built,
which now forms the central building of the State Normal School
at Brockport.
1 Chap. 624, Laws of 1853.
2 This discrepancy of name occasioned much discussion, and a majority of the
Trustees under the first act regarded the amendment as inoperative. The Regents
considered it an amendment of the act of 1852, and lengthy opinions upon this
point were entered in their records.
* The Trustees of Brockport College under its provisional charter were Henry
Davis and Benjamin Putnam, of Brockport; William B. Brown and Tenas Case,
of Ogden; Elon Galusha, Ogden Sage, Albert G. Smith and Eleazer Savage, of
Rochester; Joseph Elliott, of Wyoming; David Eldridge and Rawson Harmon,
Jr., of Wheatland; Witman Metcalf, Rauson S. Burrow and Harvey Ball, of
Albion; Elisha Tucker and Orange H. Dibble, of Buffalo; Nathaniel Garrow,
of Auburn; Ichabod Clark, of Batavia; Gerrit Smith, of Petersboro; H. B.
Dodge, of Greece; Samuel Phoenix, of Perry; Martin Coleman, of Holly; Bela
H. Colegrove, of Sardinia, and James McCall, of Rushford.
45
354
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
BROOKLYN LADIES' COLLEGE.
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 5, 1866,¹ with the usual
powers of a College, and subject to the general provisions of the
Revised Statutes. Capital, $150,000, with power to increase the
same to $500,000. Plans never perfected.
BUFFALO COLLEGE.
Incorporated by an act passed April 18, 1859,' with the design of
establishing a College for the education of both sexes, and to be for-
ever free from the teaching of sectarianism in any form. Practical
Mechanics, Mining and Engineering might be taught, as also the
science of teaching. The Genesee Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church were to have the right to nominate the President
of the College, and it was to be subject to visitation by the Regents.
Nothing was accomplished in the execution of this plan.
BUFFALO COLLEGE OF ST. JOSEPH.
Incorporated March 12, 1851, under the general law for the
formation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific and Missionary So-
cieties, but no reports were ever made to the Regents.
CHAUTAUQUA UNIVERSITY.
Incorporated March 30, 1883,' with power to acquire an estate of
$200,000. The objects declared to be the promotion of liberal and
practical education, especially among the masses of the people; the
teaching of the Sciences, Arts, Languages and Literature, and the
preparation of its patrons for the professions, and for the various
duties of life. Not under the visitation of the Regents. The only
measure adopted hitherto has been the delivery of a summer course
of lectures, etc. None of the provisions of the Revised Statutes,
embraced in chapter 15, part 1 (relating to the Regents of the Uni-
versity), are to apply.
The Regents, in noticing the incorporation of this institution,* re-
mark:
1
¹ Chap. 402, Laws of 1866.
2 Chap. 452, Laws of 1859, p. 1061.
3 Chap. 148, Laws of 1883.
4 Regents' Report, 1884, p. 4.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
355
"It is probably not the intention of the Legislature in this act to
create an institution of learning of the character recognized as Col-
leges and Universities. This is evident from section 4 of the law
which provides that none of the provisions of chapter 15 of the
Revised Statutes shall apply to it. By this it is freed from all re-
quirements to report its course of study, or its means for imparting
instruction. From the statement of its leading objects it does not
appear that a prolonged and thorough system of study and examina-
tion is contemplated, as is required in the case of the regular Col-
lege. This being the case, it seems unfortunate that the name 'Uni-
versity,' which has heretofore been restricted to institutions giving a
full four years' course of educational training, should have been used
in this connection. And it is still more unfortunate that section 15
of the act confers on this irresponsible institution the power to give
diplomas and confer the usual University degrees.”
CLINTON COLLEGE (Fairfield).
On the 13th of March, 1809, the Trustees of Fairfield Academy
applied for a College charter, which was declined at that time on the
ground of insufficient funds.
In 1812, the application was renewed, but again deferred for like
reasons.
In 1816, it was again urged, and this time with the expressed in-
tention of naming it "Clinton College," and on the 25th of March
of that year, a provisional charter was granted, in all respects simi-
lar to that recently conferred upon Hamilton College. It was not
to take effect unless it were proved to the Chancellor that funds to
the amount of $50,000, independently of buildings and lots con-
nected therewith, be secured, and that the Trustees of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons for the Western District, and of the Fair-
field Academy, respectively surrendered their charters. No limit
was set to the time within which this should be done, but the friends.
of the measure did not succeed in meeting the conditions, and the
project ended.' This enterprise was under Protestant Episcopal
auspices, and finally resulted in the establishment of Geneva Col-
lege.
¹ Before this, we had "
"Hamilton College," at Clinton; we have now Madison
University," at Hamilton, and had the above measure not failed, there would be
"Clinton College," at Fairfield. Had the name of the place last mentioned been
changed to Madison, the combination of names would have been carried to its
extreme limit, and some knowledge of our local geography would have been
needed to avoid confusion.
356
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
COLLEGE OF MISSIONARIES.
Formed under a general act, and located at Syracuse. The only
information we have of it is that it was dissolved by a special act of
the Legislature, May 9, 1877.¹
FLUSHING FEMALE COLLEGE.
This institution, formerly a private school known as "St. Thomas
Hall," was incorporated April 6, 1857, with power to confer de-
grees upon completion of the course of studies usually taught in
colleges in this State. No reports were made under this act.
GERMAN MARTIN LUTHER COLLEGE.
Incorporated under the general law for the incorporation of Be-
nevolent, Charitable, Scientific and Missionary Societies, July 1,
1853, and located at Buffalo. It has never reported to the Regents,
and no information can be given concerning it, if, indeed, it was ever
organized.
GRAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
Incorporated May 23, 1884, with power to teach music and kin-
dred arts, and to confer the degrees of Bachelor of Music, Master of
Music and Doctor of Music upon such persons as may be deemed
eligible to such degrees, by reason of proficiency in the art of music,
or the production of original musical works, or of the kindred arts.
ITHACA COLLEGE.
This was to have been a Methodist institution for both sexes.
It has already been noticed on pages 95, 202 and 203 of this volume.
KINGSTON COLLEGE.
On the 25th of August, 1779, some five years before the first
Board of Regents was created, the Assembly Journals show the
ollowing record:
"A petition of the Trustees of the Freeholders and Commonalty
of the Town of Kingston, praying leave to bring in a Bill, to en-
able them to erect a College or University in the said Town, was
read.
1
(
¹ Chap. 250, Laws of 1877.
2 Chap. 265, Laws of 1857.
3 Chap. 352, Laws of 1884.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
357
2
Ordered, That the same be referred to a committee; and that Mr.
Schoonmaker,¹ Mr. L'Hommedieu and Mr. Palmer' be a committee.
for that purpose."
On the 20th of October, 1779, the Assembly Journals show the
action taken by this Committee, which had been increased the next
day (August 26, 1779) by the addition of four new members, Messrs.
Gordon,* Tredwell, Benson and Harpur.' Upon the presentation
of other petitions for the incorporation of a College at Schenectady,
as further noticed in our account of Union College:
5
в
"Mr. Benson from the Committee to whom was referred the
Petition of the Freeholders and Commonalty of the town of
Kingston, presented to this House on the 25th of August last, the
petition of John Cuyler and 842 other inhabitants of the counties
of Albany and Tryon; and the Petition of Thomas Clark and 130
other inhabitants of the County of Charlotte, both presented on the
26th of August last, report: That the petitioners to each petition
be permitted to bring into this House at the next meeting of the
Legislature, a Bill for the purpose in each petition mentioned.
Resolved, That the House do agree with the said Committee in
the said Report.
Ordered, That the Clerk of this House transmit a copy of the
above Report and Resolution to two of the persons who subscribed
the said petitions respectively."
These early movements in behalf of Collegiate education were
crowded out of sight by the events of the Revolution. The King-
ston project appears to have resulted at that time, or soon after, in
the formation of an Academy under the auspices of the town Trustees,
which is thought to have been the first Academy founded in the
State.
On the 10th of February, 1804, application was made to the
Regents for the erection of Kingston Academy into a College. The
application was made repeatedly afterward, but as often declined on
the ground of insufficient endowment. It was particularly urged
about the time that Hamilton College was formed, but opposed by
the interests of institutions that it was supposed it might injure.
¹ Cornelius C Schoonmaker, of Ulster County.
2 Ezra L'Hommedieu, of Suffolk County.
3 Thomas Palmer, of Ulster County.
* James Gordon, of Albany County (Ballston).
Thomas Tredwell, of Suffolk County.
6 Egbert Benson, of Dutchess County.
'Robert Harpur, of New York County.
358
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
MARCELLUS COLLEGE-SKANEATELES COLLEGE.
On the 21st of January and 15th of February, 1802, application
was made for the Charter of a College in Onondaga or Cayuga
Counties, and the above names were suggested in correspondence.
On the 3d of March, 1802, a Committee of the Regents reported
adversely, on the ground that sufficient funds had not been provided,
and also on the ground that there were Colleges enough in the State
already. Mr. Dan Bradley was active in urging the above measure.
NEW YORK LAW COLLEGE.
By an act passed March 30, 1858,¹ Charles King, Isaac Ferris,
Horace Webster, Thomas D. Andrews, George Wood, Charles
O'Conor, Amasa J. Parker, Valentine Mott, William C. Noyes
and Daniel F. Tiemann were incorporated for the purpose of found-
ing a Law College, and with power to hold an estate for this pur-
pose worth $100,000. The College was to be subject to visitation
by the Regents, but their records do not show that any organization
was perfected under this act.
NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE (New York).
Incorporated by the Legislature February 22, 1830.*
as a Library, but authorized to give instruction.
8
Conducted
!
NEW YORK STATE AND NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL.
Incorporated March 17, 1851, and located at Ballston Spa. A
course of instruction was established and maintained for several years,
but as no reports were made to the Regents no statistics can be
given. Portions of the act, allowing persons holding diplomas to
practice in the courts of the State, were repealed June 5, 1877.*
An amendment passed April 4, 1853,' provided for the removal
of the school to Poughkeepsie.
PLACE COLLEGE.
Incorporated April 22, 1867,' as a Female College, but the loca-
tion not fixed by law. The act named twenty-one Trustees, and
¹ Chap. 62, Laws of 1858.
2 Chap. 48, Laws of 1830.
Chap. 143, Laws of 1851.
* Chap. 417, Laws of 1877.
5 Chap. 91, Laws of 1853.
6
Chap. 520, Laws of 1867,
p. 1461.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
359
James K. Place might designate a conference or conferences of the
Methodist Episcopal Church that might elect four others.
The "Susquehanna Seminary," an academy for female education,
had been some years before located at Binghamton, and a fine edifice
built upon an eminence overlooking the valley. Money had been
loaned to the corporation by the State, and the title subsequently
passed to the State, upon its sale by foreclosure of a mortgage. It
was temporarily used as a State Blind Asylum (since located at Ba-
tavia), and afterward as the "Susquehanna Home," a charitable in-
stitution. Still later, it was leased by the Trustees of Place College.
By an act passed April 11, 1871,' the terms of conveyance of these
premises were fixed, consisting of certain rents and other dues, which
if paid within ninety days would entitle Place College to a convey-
ance of all interest of the State in the premises, with the appurte-
nances thereto belonging. These conditions were not fulfilled, and
the College was never fully organized.
RICHMOND COLLEGE.
Incorporated April 18, 1838,' by special act, and to be located
upon Staten Island. It was conditioned to the raising of $80,000
within two years, from the date of the act, which was to be shown
by satisfactory evidence to the Regents, but this was not done, and
the College was not organized.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE (Brooklyn).
Incorporated under the general law for the formation of Benevo-
lent, Charitable, Scientific and Missionary Societies, but no reports
were ever made to the Regents.
ST. PAUL'S COLLEGE (New York City).
Formed under the general act for the incorporation of Benevolent,
Charitable, Scientific and Missionary Societies, November 12, 1851,
but never organized.
TOUISSAINT L'OUVERTURE COLLEGE.
Incorporated by a special act passed April 3, 1871,' with the de-
¹ Chap. 409, Laws of 1871, p. 812.
2 Chap. 294, Laws of 1838.
3 Chap. 257, Laws of 1871.
J
360
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
sign of establishing at or near Poughkeepsie a College for the edu-
cation of young men and women of African descent, bnt never or-
ganized.
TRACY FEMALE COLLEGE.
An academic institution established by Miss Lucille Tracy, at
Rochester, was incorporated by the Legislature April 17, 1857,¹ as
the "Tracy Female Institute," and this by another act passed May
21, 1872,* was created a College by name, the latter act simply
changing the title, without specifying its powers. No reports were
ever made as a College.
UNIVERSITY OF BROOKLYN.
An institution under this name was incorporated by special act
March 26, 1861,' with full powers for the creation of a College or
Department of Law, of Medicine, and such other Colleges or De-
partments of Science, as might be thought expedient, or either of
them separately as found desirable. Those subscribing $100 at one
time, were to be allowed to vote at the annual elections, and were to
be entitled to a deduction of five per cent on tuition bills. The
University was authorized to confer degrees, and was to be subject
to visitation by the Regents. Its Medical Department might send
one delegate to the State Medical Society.
The war, just then beginning, diverted attention from this enter-
prise, and nothing was ever done toward carrying the intention into
effect in any of its departments.
UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO.
This was incorporated with full collegiate powers, May 11, 1846,
but only its Medical Department was ever organized. An account
of this is given in connection with Medical Colleges.
UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN NEW YORK (Buffalo).
Incorporated by special act April 8, 1836,* with the usual powers
of a College, and to be located in the city of Buffalo. Income lim-
ited to $25,000. Not organized.
WASHINGTON COLLEGE.
In January, 1817, printed petitions numerously signed were pre-
1 Chap. 698, Laws of 1857, p. 556.
2 Chap. 803, Laws of 1872, p. 1894.
3 Chap. 66, Laws of 1861.
4 Chap. 110, Laws of 1836.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
361
sented to the Regents, for the incorporation of a College in Rich-
mond County. They stated at large the objections that might
be brought against a College in a great city, the condition in the
grant of the endowment of the existing College, which, as they
claimed, excluded from its first honors all who were not of a par-
ticular religious profession, and other points which would probably
impede future legislative patronage, and forever prevent it from
arriving to such distinction as would a College erected in a more
retired situation, established upon more liberal principles, and the
honors of which would be alike attainable by persons of all religious
denominations.
In contrast, they presented the peculiar advantages which Staten
Island presented. Retired and free from the temptations of city
life it was still near-although separated from the city by the Bay
of New York - so as to prevent the students from having access to
city pleasures and dissipation, it could still confer the benefits and
conveniences of a city College to the city of New York. If their
sons could now be educated at Columbia College and board at home
they could then save an equal amount in cheaper tuition fees, as the
cost of maintaining a rural College would be very much less, and
the various extra payments for fashionable dress and frivolous accom-
plishments unavoidable in a city would be saved.
The convenience of access and proximity to New Jersey and
Connecticut by steamboat were pointed out; it could be reached
from the city in forty minutes, and any supplies or aid could be
obtained in an hour. The air was pure, the district eminently
salubrious, and the water surprisingly pure. The inhabitants were
economical, industrious and moral; religious opportunities were con-
venient, and supplies of all kinds cheap and abundant.
The opportunity of teaching practically the application of Mathe-
mathics and the Science of Engineering in the fortifications were
pointed out, and other attractions in great number and variety were
suggested. The sum of $5,000 had been already subscribed for a
Library, and a tract of land worth $10,000 had been offered as a gift.
for the site of the College. The petitioners did not ask for a charter
that should be valid until a further sum of $50,000 was secured for
an endowment, independent of any public patronage.
Upon the 27th of January, 1817, the Regents passed a resolution
for granting a charter similar in its terms to that of Hamilton College,
and to take effect when the conditions offered by the applicants had
been fulfilled.
A bond dated February 3, 1817, was executed by Daniel D. Tomp-
}
46
362
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
kins, under a penalty of $25,000, in which he engaged within six
months from its date, to convey to the Trustees of Washington
College a site of not less than fifty acres, and certified by them to be
worth $10,000, conditioned to the fulfilment of the other conditions
requisite for the establishment of a College.
.
A bond dated April 1, 1817, was also executed by Jas. Guyon, Jr.,
Thomas Lawrence, Peter J. Van Pelt and Daniel D. Tompkins,
with a penalty of $50,000, in which they undertook within one year
to procure an endowment of $50,000 in money, lands, securities for
money or other property for the endowment of the proposed College.
On the 10th of February, 1817, resolutions were adopted by the
Board of Regents, recommending the Trustees of Columbia College
to consolidate their funds and property with those of Washington
College on Staten Island, if the consent of the corporation of Trinity
Church could be obtained, and suggesting a negotiation for the re-
linquishment of the conditions of their former grant to Columbia
College, which fixed the location of their College in the city, and
required the President to be a member of the Protestant Episcopal
Church. They were requested to report the result in order that it
might be presented to the Legislature at their then present session.
On the 27th of March, the Trustees of Columbia College passed a
lengthy resolution in courteous terms declining the proposed con-
solidation, and this appears to have ended the whole matter.
WESTMINSTER COLLEGE.
Incorporated by special act, April 17, 1851,¹ and located at Buf-
falo. It was empowered to grant the usual degrees and might hold
property not exceeding $15,000 in value, annually. It was required
to report to the Regents, but the organization was never perfected,
if, indeed, any thing was ever done toward carrying the law into
effect.
EXTRA LIMITAL COLLEGES ESTABLISHED UNDER
THE LAWS OF NEW YORK.
THE SYRIAN PROTESTANT COLLEGE, AT BEIROUT, AND THE ROBERT
COLLEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
These were incorporated under the general act of 1848, for the
formation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific and Missionary So-
1
¹ Chap. 204, Laws of 1851.
COLLEGE PLANS NOT PERFECTED, ETC.
363
cieties, and both of them were authorized by a special act passed
May 4, 1864,¹ by their corporate names, to receive by gift, purchase,
devise or bequest, any real and personal estate for the purpose of
their incorporation, and no other, within the State, the clear annual
income of which did not exceed the amount specified in the general
act. Both were established, and means for their support are pro-
vided, to a great degree, by citizens of this State.
UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT.
The University of Vermont (incorporated November 3, 1791),
having received from the Legislature of that State a grant of 50,000
acres of land, and about the same amount having been granted for
the establishment of an Academy in each county in the State, an
application was made to the Legislature of New York, through Ira
Allen, in a petition dated February 16, 1793, for a grant of a town-
ship of land by New York in aid of their University. In his peti-
tion, Mr. Allen represented:
"That on the memorial of Governor Chittenden and others,
offering as a donation to a University about £8,000, part to be
funded in lands, and part to be appropriated to erect public build-
ings, the Legislature have established a University on the eastern
banks of Lake Champlain, in the town of Burlington. That this
University when duly organized will equally benefit the northern
part of the State of New York as that of Vermont. Two of the
members of the corporation of the University are inhabitants of said
State. Should the Legislature be of opinion that giving a full town-
ship would be too much, in that case, as a member of the corpora-
tion, have to petition that a township be granted for such moderate
fees as may be thought reasonable, one-fourth part of the fees paya-
ble on or before the 1st of September next, on which payment be-
ing made, the charter to be issued on the whole of the lands being
mortgaged, or such other security being given as may be satisfactory
for paying the remainder of the granting fees in a reasonable time."
A petition of like import was received from Thomas Chittenden,
the President of the University. They were referred to a commit-
tee, who while expressing an opinion favorable to learning, found
the session so far advanced that no action could be taken, and so
deferred further consideration of the subject until another year. It
does not appear that further action was had.'
1 Chap. 579, Laws of 1864.
2
Assembly Papers. Miscellaneous, Vol. IV, pp. 334, 336, 338.
364
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.
Although none of these have ever been in any degree under the
supervision of the Regents, yet in order to render our list of incor-
porated educational institutions in the State complete, we will present
a list of those that have been established, and that are now in exist-
ence.
BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.
27
Under act of April 15, 1817,¹ not located in the act, and so far as
we are concerned, not organized. The "Baptist Education Society,
incorporated the next year, established the "Hamilton Literary and
Theological Institute," which has been continued in a modified form
until the present time as the "Hamilton Theological Seminary."
Statistics of attendance were given in the reports of Madison Uni-
versity, from 1855 to 1881.
PRESBYTERIAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY (Auburn).
Incorporated by act of April 14, 1820. Act amended May 13,
1857.9
2
GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL
CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES (New York).
Incorporated April 2, 1822. Amended March 20, 1868, and
April 10, 1869.*
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH OF
NEW YORK (Newburgh).
Incorporated May 15, 1836."
8
UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
Incorporated March 27, 1839. Presbyterian. Amended May 1,
1865, April 1, 1870,¹º and May 11, 1874."
9
DREW THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Incorporated April 16, 1866.12
¹Chap. 274, Laws of 1817.
2 Chap. 215, Laws of 1820.
3
Chap. 101, Laws of 1857.
* Chap. 150, Laws of 1822.
Chap. 41, Laws of 1868.
6 Chap. 152, Laws of 1869.
Located at Madison, N. J.
Chap. 504, Laws of 1836.
8 Chap. 99, Laws of 1839.
9 Chap. 636, Laws of 1865.
10 Chap. 129, Laws of 1870.
11 Chap. 422, Laws of 1874.
12 Chap. 592, Laws of 1866.
HISTORY OF THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES..
365
CHRISTIAN BIBLICAL INSTITUTE.
Incorporated April 16, 1868.¹ Eddyville, Yates Co. Organized
in connection with the "Starkey Seminary," and under the control
of the Christian denomination.
JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE (West-
chester Co.).
Act exempting property from taxation, April 30, 1873.²
In addition to the above incorporated or amended by special acts,
there are the following:
ROCHESTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.
Baptist. Established in 1850.
HARTWICK THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.
Lutheran. Established at Hartwick Seminary in 1816.
Episcopal.
DELANCEY DIVINITY SCHOOL.
Geneva, 1861.
SEMINARY OF OUR LADY OF ANGELS (Suspension Bridge, Niag. Co.).
Conducted by the priests of the Congregation of the Mission.
Ecclesiastical students, 70; Collegians, 140. (Catholic Directory,
1884.)
ST. JOSEPH'S THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK
(Troy, Rensselaer Co.).
Seven Professors, 124 students. (Catholic Directory, 1884.)
The above institution is located in the building erected for the
Troy University.
ST. ANDREW'S PREPARATORY SEMINARY (Rochester, Monroe Co.).
Established September, 1870. Number of students, 16. (Catho-
lic Directory, 1884.)
ST. LAWRENCE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL.
Canton, 1858. Universalist.
THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF ALFRED UNIVERSITY.
1857. Seventh-Day Baptist.
¹ Chap. 208, Laws of 1868.
2 Chap. 358, Laws of 1873.
366
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER IX,
SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
Besides the Medical Schools already noticed in connection with
Literary Colleges, there are a considerable number that have an
independent organization; others that have ceased to exist after
having had a more or less successful career, and others that obtained
charters but accomplished nothing under them. We will present
all of these under one alphabetical order, in the following pages,
after giving some general statistics concerning them. A few Dental,
Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Colleges are included. The statisti-
cal returns from these Colleges have been made but imperfectly,
and no attempt was made to generalize them until about thirty years
ago.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF MEDICAL COLLEGES.
Professors, Students and Graduates.
PROFESSORS.
STUDENTS.
GRADUATES.
YEARS ENDING IN-
Total number
reporting.
Colleges
reporting.
Number.
Colleges
reporting.
Number.
1858.
1859.
1860..
6
1861
7
7767
t
1862.
1863..
6
6
1864..
1865..
7
6
6
1866.
8
8
..
1867
10
10
G2AGHAN:28
59
67
53
72
776♪
827
868
758
776.
298
265
249
7
669
7
280
64
7
734
7
226
56
6
769
6
211
67
7
836
6
268
45
6
980
6
268
67
7
914
7
359
97
10
1,039
10
375
1868.
10
10
98
10
1,037
10
370
1869
11
11
86
11
1,018
11
328
1870......
11
9
80
10
1,000
10
298
1871.
10
10
87
10
1,099
10
343
1872..
10
9
86
10
1,099
10
332
1873.....
12
10
118
10
1,079
8
268
1874.
10
8
85
9
1,311
8
272
1875......
11
8
79
9
1,468
8
310
1876..
11
9
109
9 1,607
9
420
1877
10
9
157
9 1,525
9
396
1878.
13
12
203
12
2,179
11
628
1879.
15
11
155
13 2,210
12
490
1880..
13
13
241
11 2,055
10
439
1881.
12
12
229
12
2,684
12
811
1882..
13
18
233
13 2,982
13
916
1883
8
8
145
8
2,210
8
655
Colleges
reporting.
Number.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETO. 367
Financial Statement (1858 to 1875).
VALUE OF COLLEGE
BUILDINGS & Grounds.
MATRICULATION
FEES RECEived.
GRADUATION
FEES ALLOWED.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Colleges
reporting.
Amount.
reporting.
Colleges
Amount.
reporting.
Colleges
Amount.
1858.
5
1859.
$240,049 00
240,049 00
CO LO
6
$3,593 00
5
1,338 00
CT
6
$7,687 00
4
2,480 00
1860.
4
190,049 00
4
2,293 00
4
2,245 00
1861.
4
224,000 00
5
1,755 00
4
2,895 00
1862.
4
224,000 00
1863.
4
189,000 00
444
1,782 00
4
3,040 00
2,402 00
4
3,300 00
1864.
3
174,000 00
4
2,234 00
4
3,315 00
1865..
8
174,000 00
4
3,016 00
4
4,020 00
1866.
2
104,000 06
4
2,743 00
4
5,700 00
1867...
3
164,000 06
5
2,594 00
11,030 00
1868..
4.
203,000 00
6
2,832 00
7
5,865 00
1869..
4
194,000 00
5
2,430 00
5
4,540 00
1870.
114,000 00
5
1,460 00
5
2,380. 00
1871.
280,049 12
7
2,155 00
6
5,520 00
1872.
5
285,049 12
6
8,080 00
1873..
3
229,000 00
6
8,085 00
1874.
4
220,000 00
3
920 00
LO LO SO
5
4,440 00
5
5,890 00
3
1,805 00
1875.
2
276,000 00
4
8,255 00
4
6,355 00
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
Colleges
Financial Statement (1875 to 1883).
VALUE OF
BUILDINGS AND
Grounds.
reporting.
Amount.
VALUE OF
LIBRARY AND
VALUE OF
OTHER PROPERTY.
TOTAL VALUE
OF PROPERTY.
APPARATUS.
Colleges
reporting.
Amount.
reporting.
Colleges
Amount.
reporting.
Colleges
Amount.
1875.....
1876....
7
2 $276,000 00
467,000.00
8
3 $13,500 00
36,550 00
2
$13,481 65
8
$517,031 65
1877....
1878..
4 390,000 00
29,000 00
2
27,481 65
5
446,486 65
3 159,000 00
5
16,100 00
2
24,000 00
7
199,100 00
1879...
4 230,220 00
7
29,350 00
1
17,000 00
7
276,570 00
1880
5
250,220 00
9
69,450 00
2
21,000 00
5
727,930 00
1881.
6
316,220 00
9
76,922 00
4
29,100 00
6
401,442 00
1882..
6 670,000 00
83,071 87
4
28,500 00
5
703,371 87
1883...
ឥ 355,000 00
7
81,900 00
3
26,500 00
5
448,950 00
368
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS
ENDING IN—
Colleges
reporting.
TABLE
(Continued).
DEBTS.
REVENUE.
Amount.
reporting.
Colleges
Amount.
Colleges
· reporting.
EXPENDITUres.
Amount.
1875..
1876.
1877.
··
1878.
1879..
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
∞∞∞ + HILO SO LO
6
$196,223 58
3
3
170,873 58
5
3
98,973 58
5
$42,286 00
53,106 39
32,263 95
4
92,250 00
6
46,475 97
4
92,250 00
5
39,649 00
CO LO LO CO LO
3
5
$57,590 23
47,149 55
36,269 23
6
43,416 34
37,472 00
5
102,250 00
11
139,554 00
11
165,205 00
3
137,000 00
12
130,470 28
12
5
154,250 00
10
189,747 28
10
126,032 28
173,541 40
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE.
Incorporated by act of April 2, 1858,' and located in the city of
New York. The powers conferred were similar to those granted to
Medical Colleges, but it was not required to report to the Regents.
It is not known by the Editor as to whether it was ever organized.
AMERICAN VETERINARY COLLEGE.
This institution was formed under a general act in April, 1875,
and is located at 141 West Forty-fourth street, New York city. Its
reports to the Regents begin for the year ending in 1878, and the
number attending and graduating has been as follows:
Students 1878, 22; 1879, 42; 1880, 53; 1881, 52; 1882, 51;
1883, 61.
Graduates 1878, 6; 1879, 8; 1880, 18; 1881, 18; 1882, 20;
1883, 22. Total, 92.
AUBURN MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Application was made in 1820 for the establishment of a Medical
College at Auburn. In a report made by Mr. Van Rensselaer, Feb-
ruary 21, 1820, from a committee of the Board of Regents to which
the matter had been referred, objection is made upon the ground
that it was inexpedient to increase the number of incorporated Medi-
cal and Surgical institutions within the State, and that there was no
probability that a sufficient fund could be raised for its support,
without Legislative aid. The committee, however, added that they
1 Chap. 85, Laws of 1858.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
369
were satisfied "that the proposed site for a Medical College would
be more eligible than Fairfield, and that if the College at Fairfield
could lawfully be transferred to Auburn, it would silence every rea-
sonable pretence for the incorporation of another Medical College."
BELLEVUE HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Bellevue Hospital was formerly the Alms House Hospital, and
included most of the charity patients of the city. Before 1847, the
medical affairs of the hospital appear to have been confided mainly
to a resident physician; but on the 19th of November of that year,
a Medical Board was organized, in which the staff was divided into
physicians and surgeons, who held permanent instead of temporary
appointments, and visited the wards in alternation. This change
seems to have led directly to a plan for using the ample resources of
the hospital for instruction. At the end of February, 1849, fifteen
months after the Board was formed, an amphitheatre had been con-
structed. Clinical lectures were begun, and have been since con-
tinued.
A building erected through the zeal and energy of Dr. James R.
Wood, for the prosecution of pathological studies, was inaugurated
October 25, 1857, and instruction was continued three or four years
in the winter months, but without its being as yet regarded as a dis-
tinct Medical College. The care of the hospital, having by an act
of April 17, 1860,¹ passed from the "Board of Governors" of the
former "Alms House Department," to the "Department of Public
Charities and Correction," a suggestion appears on the minutes of
the Medical Board, under date of December 18, 1860, as the report
of a committee consisting of Drs. Isaac E. Taylor and James R. Wood,
proposing a separate Medical College, independent of a mere hospi-
tal for clinical teaching, "and thus making it one of the largest hos-
pitals, and it may be, schools in the United States - nay Europe."
The project matured rapidly; on the 1st of March, 1861, a com-
mittee was appointed to procure plans for a College building, and on
the 30th, the commissioners informed the Medical Board that it
might be erected upon the hospital grounds.
A few days after a medical faculty was organized, and the first
exercises were short courses of lectures delivered in April and May
of that year, by Professors J. R. Wood and Frank H. Hamilton,
upon points connected with Military Surgery - a subject made im-
¹ Chap. 510, Laws of 1860, p. 1027.
47
370
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
portant from the war then just commencing. They were attended
by about two hundred practitioners and students.
The College was incorporated by special act, April 3, 1861,¹ under
the name of “The Bellevue Hospital Medical College of the city
of New York of the State of New York," with twenty-one Trustees,"
who were to be divided by lot into three classes, and seven were
to be elected annually by the Board, for terms of three years.
The corporation might hold property to the amount of $100,-
000, to be used for no other purpose, and such collections of
books, and of the productions of nature and art as might be neces-
sary for its purposes. They might grant the degree of Doctor of
Medicine, and were to possess the general powers and be subject
to the general restrictions and liabilities incident to corporations of
this nature by the Revised Statutes.
This act was not to exclude students of other Medical Colleges
from the enjoyment of the same privileges of hospital instruction
they had enjoyed before, nor was it to exclude students of the Ho-
mœopathic College, chartered the year before, from the privileges
of the hospital.
The building for the new Bellevue Hospital Medical College was
erected during the following summer; meanwhile a regular course of
lectures was established, but before the first course was finished the
need of a larger building became apparent. After some delays, it
was erected in the autumn and winter of 1865-66, by the commis-
sioners, to serve the purposes of both a College and a Bureau of
Medical and Surgical Relief for Out-door Poor, established in July,
1863. The old building was altered for use as a dead-house, the
autopsy rooms, a room for judicial inquests and the morgue. The
former auditorium became the museum, receiving the collections
of Professors Wood and Mott, and the museum of the New York
Medical College, purchased in 1864.
In 1871, the commissioners erected a larger and finer amphitheatre
than the one previously used for clinical purposes, the old one
having been found inadequate for the accommodation of the stu-
dents in attendance.
1 Chap. 130, Laws of 1861.
2 The first Board consisted of Simeon Draper, James B. Nicholson, Isaac Bell,
Jr., Moses H. Grinnell, John J. Astor, Moses Taylor, Wm. B. Crosby, John Ward,
Samuel D. Cook, George F. Tallman, Edward Minturn, J. P. Gerard Foster, An-
thony L. Robertson, E. H. Chapin, John Hughes, Robert T. Haws, Richard M.
Blatchford, Robert S. Hone, James T. Brady, Watts Sherman and Matthew Mor-
gan.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 371
A summer course of lectures and recitations was commenced in
1867, and with this lecture course, recitations became from year to
year more and more prominently associated, until the session of 1871,
when they superseded entirely the systematic lectures, the course
being made up of clinics by members of the Faculty of practical
instruction in Diagnosis, Surgical Operations and Chemical Manipu-
lations, in addition to the recitations, which were conducted by a
corps of instructors throughout the year.
In a notice of this institution given in the work entitled "Public
Service of the State of New York" (vol. III, p. 376), further infor-
mation is given as follows:
"Of the Professors lecturing in Bellevue Hospital Medical Col-
lege, fourteen are connected with the Bellevue or Charity Hospital
either as physicians, surgeons or obstetricians. The Professors in
all the practical departments hold appointments in the great public
hospitals of New York. The Bureau of Medical and Surgical
Relief for Out-door Poor is situated in the College building, and
furnishes material for the College clinics.
The total number of patients in this department averages upward
of 35,000 per year. Medical students are admitted to the Bellevue
Hospital daily during the hours allotted to clinical teaching. All
the important operations in surgery are performed publicly in the
hospital amphitheatre. A steamboat, capable of accommodating the
entire class, conveys the students from the College to the Charity
Hospital, on Blackwell's Island, on the days when clinics are held,
without charge. In addition to the Bellevue and the Charity Hos-
pital, the student may avail himself of the resources for practical
instruction afforded by other institutions under the charge of the
Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, namely: The
Fever Hospital, the Hospital for Epileptics and Paralytics, the
Nursery Hospital, the Insane Asylum, etc. The various city dis-
pensaries and other public charities are also available to the stu
dent. The College building is not the property of the institution,
but is occupied under a lease. The only property owned by the
College is a museum, furniture and apparatus, the value of which
is about $10,000. There is no College library. The College has
no debts of any description. Its only source of revenue is the
fees paid. The collegiate year embraces a regular winter session
and a spring session. The regular term opens in October, and
closes about the middle of March. The recitations, lectures and
clinics for the spring session begin about the middle of March, and
continue for thirteen weeks. Attendance during the regular term
of the winter session is alone required for graduation, but the spring
session affords opportunities to those who wish to prosecute the
study of medicine in the city of New York during the spring
months. During the spring term lectures upon special subjects
372
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
YEARS.
are given by members of the Faculty for the spring session. These
lectures are free to those who have matriculated for the spring
session. For the benefit of candidates for the primary and final
examinations, members of the Faculty hold weekly examinations
during the regular session, upon practice of medicine, surgery,
obstetrics, materia medica, physiology, anatomy and chemistry.
These examinations are free.
The aggregate annual fees for tickets to all the lectures during
the regular winter session, including tickets for the clinical lectures.
at the Bellevue and Charity Hospitals and the College clinics,
amount to $140. This sum does not include the spring recitation
term. In addition to the fees for the tickets to the lectures is a
matriculation fee of $5. The graduation fee is $30. The fee for
dissection ticket is $10, which covers all the expenses of the dis-
secting-room. There is no charge for subjects, nor are there any
incidental fees. There is no provision for gratuitous aid, but no
charges for lectures are made to physicians of more than three years'
standing, and to students of the College who have attended two or
more courses of lectures."
Within the last year a donation of $50,000 from Andrew Carnegie,
Esq., has been devoted to the erection of a suitable building for
Laboratories and the purchase of apparatus, upon land provided on
East Twenty-sixth street by the Board of Trustees and other friends
of the College, a few yards distant from the College. This building
in course of erection will be devoted mainly to Laboratory work in
Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics and other departments of Medi-
cine. It will contain, in addition to the general laboratories and private
rooms for original work, a large auditorium for lectures, and will be
fully equipped with means for original investigations of various kinds.
Statistics.
[This College was not required by its charter to report to the Regents, and no reports
were received prior to the one for the Collegiate year ending February 21, 1877. The
attendance and graduation since that date have been reported as follows:]
STUDENTS Attending.
GRADUATES.
ENTERED
SPRING CLASS.
1st course.
2d course.
3d course.
1876-77..
1877-78.. 123 141
1878-79.. 135 132
58
97 419
82
102 451
1879-80.. 138 140
69
155 502
1880-81.. 69 165
1881-82.. 132 116
1882-83.. 90 145
101 18
116 22
62 17
132 495
177 563
153 467
116
83
167
4th course.
5th course.
Students
with degree
of M. Ď.
Total.
ing those twice
counted.
From under-
graduate
classes.
From other
Number deduct-
Colleges.
Total.
Junior.
Senior.
Total.
423
119 28 147
22
26 48
18 42
42
108 22 130
137 28 165 24 18
116 26 142 20 14 36
118
163
167
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
373
The first Decennial catalogue of this College, embracing the period
from 1861 to 1871, contains 1,091 names of Graduates, of whom 28
graduated in 1862; 41 in 1863; 94 in 1864; 111 in 1865; 171 in
1866; 140 in 1867; 111 in 1868; 122 in 1869; 139 in 1870, and
134 in 1871.
Besides these there were 18 Graduates who had become irregular
practitioners, and whose names were omitted.
At the end of the war, in 1865–66, a large number of students
who had served in the army returned to complete their courses and
graduate. The classes of all the prominent Medical schools were
exceptionally large for that year.
The Decennial catalogue above referred to will give the reader an
extended account of the organization and early history of this Col-
lege. The Faculty during this period was as follows:
President.
Isaac E. Taylor, M. D., 1861-
Secretaries.
B. W. McCready, M. D., 1861 (Mar. to Oct.). Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1861-
Treasurers.
Isaac E. Taylor, M. D., 1861 (Mar. to May).
Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1862
R. O. Doremus, M. D., 1861-62.
Austin Flint, M. D., 1862-
Professors.
Principles and Practice of Medicine.
Surgery.
(Various Specialties.)
James R. Wood, M. D., LL. D., 1862-
Frank H. Hamilton, M. D., LL. D., 1861-
Louis A. Sayre, M. D., 1861-
Alexander B. Mott, M. D., 1861-
Stephen Smith, M. D., 1861-65.
William H. Van Buren, M. D., 1866–
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children.
Isaac E. Taylor, M. D., 1861
Fordyce Barker, M. D., 1861-
George T. Elliot, M. D., 1861-71.
William T. Lusk, M. D., 1871-
Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
Benjamin W. McCready, M. D., 1861-72. William A. Hammond, M. D., 1872-
Austin Flint, Jr., M. D., 1861-
•
Physiology.
Anatomy.
John W. S. Gouley, M. D., 1861 (March to Stephen Smith, M. D., 1865-72.
June).
Timothy Childs, M. D., 1861-65.
Alpheus B. Crosby, M. D., 1872-
Chemistry and Toxicology.
R. Ogden Doremus, M. D., 1861-
Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System.
William A. Hammond, M. D., 1867——.
374
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Henry D. Noyes, M. D., 1866-
Foster Swift, M. D., 1866-71.
Special Departments.
Ophthalmology.
Dermatology.
Edward L. Keyes, M. D., 1871——.
Pathology and Practical Anatomy.
Edward G. Janeway, M. D., 1872—
THE BROOKLYN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE.
•
Incorporated April 13, 1860,' for the advancement of Medical
Science, and with power to confer the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine. No reports received.
CAPITOL CITY MEDICAL COLLEGE (Albany).
Incorporated April 13, 1871,' with the usual powers of a Medical
College, but never organized.
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
This institution was organized in 1829, and incorporated April
25, 1831,³ by an act which constituted John Keese, John L. Embru,
and those then members of an association then known as the College
of Pharmacy, and such as might thereafter join them, a corporation
to continue twenty-five years for the promotion of a knowledge of
Pharmacy and its collateral branches. The Trustees were empow-
ered to adopt rules and regulations in the examination of candidates,
and to grant diplomas to those who had attended two courses of lec-
tures at the College, had studied four years with a respectable drug-
gist or apothecary, and had passed satisfactory examinations.
Instruction had commenced March 18, 1829, but reports were not
made to the Regents until 1880, when 278 students were reported in
attendance, and 44 graduated. The number of graduates since 1829
had been 522. The attendance in 1881 was 335; graduates, 65. In
1882 it was 341, with 83 graduates. In 1883, there were 171 stu-
dents in the first and 109 in the second course, of whom 3 were fe-
males. Graduates in Pharmacy, 60, and from the beginning, 735.
The College is located at 209-211 East Twenty-third street, New
1
1 Chap. 364, Laws of 1860, p. 611
2 Chap. 472, Laws of 1871.
·
³ Chap. 264, Laws of 1831. By an amendment of April 16, 1832 (chap. 326), it
was enacted that after January 1, 1835, no person was to be allowed to practice
Pharmacy in the city of New York, unless a graduate of this school or some other,
or unless examined by the censors of the County Medical Society. Further
amended March 6, 1839 (chap. 52).
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 375
•
3
York city. Its charter was made permanent by act of March 20,
1856,¹ and on the 20th of March, 1871, the limit allowed for real es-
tate was increased from $20,000 to $100,000. The Board of Trus-
tees was increased from seven to nine, to be elected in three classes
for three years, April 25, 1878.³
This College for many years occupied rooms in the University
building. Its present location is in a building formerly known as
the "Memorial Chapel," which has been enlarged and fitted up for
its use.
It has a large herbarium, full collections in Materia Medica,
and ample facilities in the way of chemical and pharmaceutical ap-
paratus.
The course of instruction extends through two years and students
are divided into Junior and Senior classes.
THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF BUFFALO.
This was a Homœopathic Institution first incorporated April 30,
1879, under the act of 1848, for the incorporation of Benevolent,
Charitable and Missionary Societies, passed in 1848, under the name
of "The Homœopathic College of Physicians and Surgeons."
By an order of the Supreme Court, upon application of the Trus-
tees, which took effect July 15, 1880, the name was changed to the
one given in the above heading. An act passed May 31, 1884, au-
thorized this College to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine,
and to issue diplomas to students that had heretofore pursued the
course of study prescribed by its rules and regulations, and who were
found, at the examination in 1883, entitled to the degree. All di-
plomas formerly granted were legalized, the same as those granted
by any lawfully incorporated Medical College.
This was not to be decmed in any way to legalize the incorporation
of the institution, which, by a decision made by the Court of Ap-
peals in June, 1884, becomes void.
The first term of its lectures commenced November 5, 1879, and
ended February 20, 1880. The number matriculated was 33, of
whom 6 graduated. The average age of graduates was a little over
forty. The only report made is found in the Regents' Report of
1881.
The building used for College purposes was rented from the
Young Men's Christian Association.
1
¹ Chap. 42, Laws of 1856.
2 Chap. 134, Laws of 1871.
3 Chap. 172, Laws of 1878.
376
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS IN THE CITY OF NEw York.
1
"To counteract as far as possible the evil influences brought to
bear upon the profession, to serve the poor, and to improve medical
science, several of the more enlightened young physicians formed
themselves into a society, and in 1787, they succeeded in inducing
the magistrates of the city to establish an apothecary shop at the
public expense, and freely gave their professional services to the sick
poor; in other words, they procured the establishment of what would
now be called a free Dispensary. Among those more prominent en-
gaged in this enterprise were Doctors William Moore, Nicholas Ro-
mayne, Benjamin Kissam, Wright Post and Valentine Seaman. They
not only bestowed gratuitous attendance on the poor, but included
therewith lectures on most of the branches of medicine, thus consti-
tuting this Dispensary the first institution connected with practical
instruction in medicine under the corporation of the city. So great
was their success that in 1790, more than fifty, and in the autumn of
1791, sixty medical students attended."
In January, 1791, Dr. Romayne addressed a petition to the Re-
gents, setting forth that he had instituted a school of medicine in
New York city, and praying that they would take his College un-
der "their protection." This petition was referred to Dr. Moore,
of the Board, who reported that the above-mentioned institution was
well calculated to promote the general good, and that it merited the
protection of the University, to be expressed in a resolution, and to
be entered on their journals. If consistently no pecuniary aid could
be furnished, the Board would at least appoint a committee to super-
intend from time to time the course of instruction given in this
Medical College and report at the next meeting of the Board, as to
what further provision could be made, to promote the interest of the
same. Upon this the following resolutions were passed:
"Resolved, That in the opinion of this University, the above-
mentioned institution, for the purpose of diffusing medical knowl-
edge, is well calculated to promote the general good, so far as it de-
pends on this important branch of science.
Resolved, That Dr. Linn, Dr. Moore, Mr. Verplanck, Dr. Rog-
ers, Baron Steuben and Mr. Clarkson be a committee to visit the
above-mentioned school, instituted by Dr. Nicholas Romayne, for
teaching the various parts of science comprehended in a course of
medical education."
¹ This was the beginning of the "New York Dispensary," which has continued
its useful operation to the present time.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
377
On the 24th of February, 1791, Sir James Jay, Knight, Dr. Ro-
mayne and Dr. Benjamin Kissam appeared before the Board, in be-
half of themselves and four other physicians, praying to be incor-
porated with Samuel Bard, John R. B. Rodgers and William Ham-
ersley as a College of Physicians and Surgeons. A memorial was
received from John Bard, President, John Charlton, Vice-President,
and James Tellary, Secretary, of the County Medical Society on be-
half of the same.
On the 3d of March the committee of the Regents reported fav-
orably, but found a difficulty in the fact that the law under which
the Board had been created did not contemplate the incorporation
of colleges or academies for the teaching exclusively of any particu-
lar branch of science, however important or useful, and that, there-
fore, they could take no action upon it. But in view of the impor-
tance of the subject, they deemed it proper to submit this action to
the Legislature, and requested the Chancellor to transmit a copy of
their proceedings for their consideration.
This was accordingly done and led to the passage of an act, dated
March 24, 1791,' authorizing the Regents, at their discretion, to in-
corporate a College of Physicians and Surgeons, provided that its
property should not exceed £60,000, and that the Regents should
reserve to themselves the right of conferring degrees, and of ap-
pointing the professors or teachers, and of filling vacancies in its
Board of Trustees. Any Trustee might be appointed a Professor.
This act was submitted to the Regents on the day of its passage,
and it being approved, a committee was appointed to prepare a char-
ter to be reported at their next session, which did not occur until the
time of their regular annual meeting in the year following.
In the meantime, the friends of the medical school in Columbia
College continued to oppose the measure, and on the 18th of Janu-
ary, 1792, the Trustees requested a conference with the committee
of the Regents, which was granted a few days after. The Trustees
of the College informed the Regents that they not only had it in con-
templation to institute a medical school agreeably to their charter,
but that they had the business much at heart, and were actually pro-
ceeding in it as fast as possible, with the prospect of effecting their
object as fully as could be attained under the act of the last session.
Upon this, the Regents resolved to suspend further action until
1 Chap. 45, Laws of 14th Session, p. 34.
48
378
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the issue of the proceedings then pending on the part of the Trustees
of the College should be known.
The annual reports of the Regents for several subsequent years,
refer to the progress of the medical school of Columbia College, and
appropriations were recommended from time to time.
The rival interest in the meantime continued its efforts, and on
the 3d of March, 1807, the Medical Society of the county of New
York applied for the incorporation of a College of Physicians and
Surgeons in the city of New York, under the patronage of the Re-
gents. The request was granted on the 12th of March, 1807, a char-
ter was issued' under authority of the act of 1791.
On the 3d of April, 1807, the Regents appointed five Professors,
and eighteen distinguished physicians, chiefly Europeans, as Honor-
ary members of the College.
The College was fully organized on the 5th of May, 1807, when
the following officers of the Board were elected:
President
Nicholas Romayne, M. D.
Vice-President - Samuel L. Mitchill, M. D.
Registrar Archibald Bruce, M. D.
Treasurer — Abraham Brower, Physician.
Censors - Edward Miller, M. D., David Hosack, M. D., Alexan-
der Sheldon, William Livingston, William James McNeven, M. D.,
Henry Van Solinger, M. D., William Wheeler, J. D. Gillespie, J.
E. R. Birch, James G. Graham, Benjamin DeWitt, M. D., Felix
Pascalis and Alexander Hosack, M. D.
The Professorships first established by the Regents were as fol-
lows:
Practice of Physic- Edward Miller, M. D.
Chemistry Samuel L. Mitchill, M. D.
Botany and Materia Medica-David Hosack, M. D.
Institutes of Medicine -- Benjamin DeWitt, M. D.
Mineralogy-Archibald Bruce, M. D.
1 ¹ By this charter the Medical Society of New York was incorporated as a College
of Physicians and Surgeons, and all the members of the Society were declared
Trustees. The Regents reserved the right to amend, and to remove the Trustees
or any of them. The number of Trustees at the time was 101, all practitioners of
medicine. .
2 In a pamphlet entitled "An Historical sketch of the Origin, Progress and
Present State of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of the
State of New York" (1813), this Chair is omitted.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
379
For the purpose of completing the system of instruction, the Trus-
tees, under the powers of their charter, appointed lecturers in those
departments which were unprovided with Professors, as follows:
Lecturers on Anatomy - Dr. Nicholas Romayne and Dr. John
Augustine Smith.
1
Lecturer on Chemistry - Dr. Benjamin De Witt.¹
Lecturer on Surgery and Midwifery — Dr. David Hosack.
Lecturer on Clinical Medicine — Dr. Edward Miller.
A Senatus Academicus was organized, consisting of the Presi
dent, Vice-President, Professors, Lecturers, Registrar and Treasurer.
A small two-story building was procured in Robinson street, and
fitted up; cabinets and a laboratory were begun. A botanical gar-
den had been commenced years before by Dr. Hosack, in what was
then a rural spot three miles and a half out of town, partly as an
agency in medical instruction. Lectures were commenced on the
7th of November, 1807, and an arrangement was made by Professor
Miller for clinical instruction, at the New York Hospital, and with
Dr. McNeven, a member of the College, and then one of the physi-
cians of the Alms-House, for a course of clinical lectures at that in-
stitution.
The number of students attending the first course of lectures was
53. In the second it increased to 72, and in the third to 73. On
the 8th of November, 1808, the sum of $5,000 was granted from the
proceeds of a lottery for endowment. New premises were acquired
on Pearl street and valuable additions were made to the museum.
This building was formally opened for the reception of students in
November, 1808.
The charter, as first granted, vested in the Trustees the power of
electing their officers and censors, but by an amendment made March
3, 1808, this power was resumed by the Regents. At the same time
the President, Registrar, Treasurer and Professors of the College
were constituted a Senatus Academicus to have the immediate gov-
ernment of the College, under the ordinances of the Regents.
In February, 1809, an ordinance was passed requiring the Profes-
sors to examine candidates for the degree of " M. D.," and to recom-
mend such as they might approve, and in March, 1810, this exami-
nation was directed to be made before the 1st of March, and the
candidates were to prepare dissertations upon medical subjects which
might be printed by order of the Professors.
1 To supply the place of Dr. Mitchill, then a Senator in Congress.
2 Chap. 9, Laws of 1808.
380
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The first success of the College was soon clouded by difficulties,
and from some misunderstandings lectures were delivered in 1810 on
only some of the branches of medicine. As a result, the attendance
was reduced by two-thirds, and complaints were carried to the Board
of Regents. A committee consisting of Chief Justice Kent, Judge
Spencer and Judge Smith was appointed to inquire into the matter,
and on the 1st of April, 1811, they reported:
"That unfortunate misunderstandings have taken place between
several Professors of that institution, which have already materially
impeded its operation, and unless something effectual be done by the
Regents, it will become degraded in the estimation of the public, and
its usefulness be inevitably destroyed.
*
*
*
*
"Propositions have been made to the committee to remodel the
institution with a view of rendering its operation more simple, and
of introducing into it several of the Professors of the Medical School
in Columbia College, and other eminent and distinguished individ-
uals. This proposition has been viewed by the committee in the
most favorable light, as it may extinguish the feud existing among
the present Professors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
and as it will in all probability be the means of uniting the two
schools.
“The latter appears an object of the first importance, inasmuch as
it will assemble in one institution a splendid collection of medical
and surgical talents, and it cannot fail to merit and receive the pat-
ronage and encouragement of the Legislature."
An amendment to the charter was accordingly proposed, in which
all powers formerly granted to the Trustees or members of the Col-
lege, or in the Senatus Academicus, or Board of Censors, were vested
in Trustees to be appointed by the Regents. The President, Vice-
President, Professors and Treasurer of the College were declared to
be Trustees, with such other persons as the Regents, should appoint,
but not to exceed twenty-five in number at any time. The Trustees
and members of the College, who were not constituted Trustees by
this supplementary charter, were to be Fellows. The Trustees had
power to elect Fellows, who were at all times to have the privilege
of attending lectures, and of inspecting the museum and the botani-
cal garden, under such regulations as the Trustees might prescribe.
The power of future amendment was fully reserved, and all grants
and ordinances not consistent with this were revoked.
On the 1st of April, 1811, a new organization was effected by the
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
381
appointment of a President, Vice-President, ten Professors, a Treas-
urer and a Register.'
Propositions for the uniting of this College with the Medical
School in Columbia College were at this period under discussion, and
the Regents in appointing a committee to visit the several institu-
tions in the Southern District, authorized its members to signify to
the Trustees of Columbia College, "that the object of the Regents
in uniting the medical institutions in the said city is by combining
the talents of the professors in one seminary to render the state of
medical education more respectable and useful, and that the said
committee be further authorized to request in behalf of the Regents,
the coöperation of the said Trustees in carrying the arrangement
into effect."
The Regents, in their annual report made in May, 1812, refer to
this College as improved in condition, with a fair prospect of rising
to a state of usefulness and celebrity, and add:
"As a means of rendering the usefulness of this establishment
more extensive, especially among the citizens of the State, the Trus-
tees have suggested the measure of providing by law for the gratui-
tous instruction of a student from each county.'
This arrangement was adopted, but in two or three years it was
discontinued. The records of the Regents do not show the numbers
that were admitted to this privilege, nor the time when or the rea-
sons for which it was changed.
In 1813, the measure for uniting the two Medical Schools was an-
nounced by the Trustees of Columbia College to the Regents, in
their annual report as follows:
"In conformity, it is believed, with the wishes of the Regents,
and from a desire to promote medical science by preventing, as far as
in them lay, the collisions of rival institutions, the Trustees have
consented that the Medical Department of the College should be in-
corporated with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and for
that purpose have rescinded their act relative to the faculty of medi-
cine, which accordingly forms no longer a part of the establishment
under their care.”
The Regents in their report to the Legislature, made in March,
1814, express great confidence in the successful operation of this
measure, and say:
¹Six of the persons above appointed did not accept, and the vacancies were
filled in March, 1812.
382
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
"From the Medical College thus united, and embracing the most
eminent medical talents of the State in one splendid seminary, the
most beneficial consequences may be anticipated. All that appears
now to be wanting is an endowment to establish this institution on
a respectable and permanent foundation.”¹
In pursuance of this suggestion, the Legislature granted $30,000
to this institution from the proceeds of a lottery authorized April
13, 1814, for various literary purposes."
A commodious building on the north side of Barclay street was
secured for the new organization.
The effect of this measure was at once felt in the increased num-
ber of students and of graduates. But a discontent arose on the part
of several Professors, who had been connected with the former or
ganization, and efforts were made to establish a rival Medical School
in New York city, under the auspices of Rutgers College in New
Jersey. Courses of lectures were delivered, and from 1812 to 1827
the degree of M. D. was conferred by that College on 56 students,
of whom 36 were graduated in 1827. This rival was finally driven
from the State by an act of the Legislature, passed in 1827, which
declared that degrees conferred within this State, by Colleges beyond
its limits, should be void.
By an act passed March 21, 1817, the College upon releasing its
claim upon its interest in the lottery grant of 1814, was allowed to
borrow $20,000 from the State, to be refunded from the moneys
¹The following Faculty was appointed by the Regents, March 7, 1814, under
this consolidation :
Natural Philosophy — Dr. Benjamin DeWitt.
Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery - Drs. Wright Post and John A. Smith.
Theory and Practice of Physic — Dr. David Hosack.
Clinical Practice of Medicine Dr. Wm. Hamersly.
Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women and Children — Dr. John C. Osborn.
Chemistry Dr. Wm. Jas. McNeven.
Legal Medicine - Dr. James S. Stringham.
Natural History — Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill.
Principles of Comparative Surgery — Dr. Valentine Mott.
Materia Medica - Dr. John W. Francis.
Doctors Post, Hamersly, Osborn, Stringham, Mott and Francis were appointed
Trustees, and a new code of by-laws and regulations was established.
2 By an act passed March 21, 1817 (chap. 109), the sum of $20,000 might be
loaned from the State, upon the Trustees releasing their claim to the sum granted
in the Literature Lottery of 1814, and executing a bond of $10,000 for the pay-
ment of six per cent interest till the money from the lottery was received into the
treasury. Further provision was made concerning this loan by act of March 29,
1822 (chap. 134).
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
383
that this might produce.¹ A loan at a lower rate of interest was
provided for by an act passed March 29, 1822."
But the prosperity from State aid did not long continue, and about
the year 1819, dissensions began to arise upon financial questions,
which increased from year to year. The money to meet the defi-
ciencies of revenue, and to pay the expenses, were advanced by cer-
tain Professors, who thus gradually acquired claims that would have
equaled in a few years the value of the property of the College.
In March, 1825, a memorial was received from the Trustees of
this College, representing defects alleged to exist in the organization
and administration of their affairs, and proposing a new organization
on the basis of making the Professors salaried officers, and of apply-
ing a part of the income to the payment of debts. To this the Pro-
fessors remonstrated, and asked a hearing before the Board. It
It ap-
peared, upon further hearing, that irreconcilable differences had
arisen between the Trustees and the Professors, and the committee
of the Regents, to which the subject was referred, made a lengthy
report, in which, without imputing blame or wrong motives to
either party, they were led to the conclusion of recommending an
entire change in the general character of the Trustees, and the ap-
pointinent of men who were not practitioners in medicine in place
of those then holding the office, not exceeding thirteen in number.
They would, however, have the President and Vice-President, ex-
officio Trustees of the College, in order to preserve that professional
character which was indispensable to its prosperity and fame.
3
As a temporary expedient, a resolution was passed requiring the
Professors to contribute ten per cent of their fees toward the Col-
lege debt, and for regarding the offices of President, Vice-President,
Treasurer, Registrar and Librarian, as honorary and without pay.
These troubles did not at once subside, and in March, 1829, a
memorial addressed to the Regents was referred to the Legislature
for its consideration. The burden of debt was excessive, and relief
must be had, or the building must be sold on execution.
4
Some changes made in the Board of Trustees, and an economical
policy introduced in financial management, were found successful in
operation, and the College continued for more than a third of a cen-
tury longer under the control of the Regents, who conferred all de-
grees and appointed Professors.
1 Chap. 109, Laws of 1817.
2 Chap. 134, Laws of 1822.
3 Octavo Doc., p. 54, 1821.
4 Senate Journal, 1829, p. 338.
384
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
An amendment to the charter, made by the Legislature, March 24,
1860,¹ gave to the Trustees of the College the right of appointing
Professors or Teachers, and of filling all vacancies, as also of
conferring degrees. Their by-laws were, however, not to be valid,
until confirmed by the Regents.
By a resolution of the Board of Trustees of Columbia College,
dated June 4, 1860, the Medical College recently established upon
an independent basis, was adopted as "The Medical School of
Columbia College," each institution maintaining its separate or-
ganization, and only so far uniting that the College agreed to con-
fer upon such medical students as might be recommended by the
proper authorities of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the
degrees asked for. This authority is regarded as a united one,
all diplomas bearing the signature of the President of Columbia
College, with those of the Faculty of Medicine. Their financial
affairs are entirely separate.
On the 17th of October, 1884, Mr. William H. Vanderbilt, of
New York city, gave to this College the sum of $500,000, for the
purchase of real estate and the erection of a building that should
be fully adequate to meet the most advanced demands of medical
science. It is understood that a location has been secured on
Tenth avenue, between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, and opposite
the Roosevelt Hospital, and that twenty-nine lots have been pur-
chased to accommodate the wants of a first building, and meet
the demands of future growth.
The removals of the College, from its organization down to the
present time, may be summarized as follows:
In 1807, it commenced in a small two-story house in Robinson
street.
In November, 1808, its lectures commenced in a building pur-
chased for its use, with an endowment from the State, in Pearl street.
In 1814, a building was procured on the north side of Barclay
street, near Broadway.
In 1837, another move was made to Crosby street.
On the 22d of January, 1856, it removed to Tenth avenue, corner
of Twenty-third street, which has since been the seat of the College.
It was deemed ample at the time of its erection, but it has no labora-
tories, or other conveniences, demanded by the present state of
medical science, which will undoubtedly be provided for to the full-
1 ¹ Chap. 111, Laws of 1860.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
385
YEARS.
YEARS.
Students.
Number of
est extent under the recent endowment. The present building is
98 by 55 feet in size, and the property is valued at about $100,000.
Attendance and Graduation at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of the City of New York, during its separate exist-
ence under the care of the Regents.
Graduates.
Number of
YEARS.
Students.
Number of
Number of
Graduates.
YEARS.
Number of
Students.
1807...
52
1825..
158
50
1843.
182
19
1808..
76
1826.
*
34
1844.
195
37
1809.
84
1827
*
12
1845.
219
41
1810.
24
1828...
*
15
1846.
194
48
1811.
31
8
1829.
116
23
1847.
193
56
1812.
44
11
1830
*
22
1848
175
56
··
1813...
99
5
1831
182
33
1849..
208
45
...
1814.
11
1832..
189
28
1850..
230
56
1815.
149
11
1833.
158
45
1851.
225
61
1816...
142
27
1834.
*
25
1852.
208
71
1817.
144
40
1835.
†
31
1853.
201
58
1818..
173
35
1836.
106
30
1854..
181
48
1819..
155
76
1837.
*
23
1855..
173
47
1820..
185
37
1838.
95
6
1856.
179
47
1821..
202
29
1839...
102
23
1857...
171
54
1822
201
30
1840
101
19
1958.
173
50
·
1823..
201
47
1841.
109
25
1859..
193
49
1824.
195
45
1842.
109
9
1860.
255
53
+ Not reported.
* Number attending at time of report.
Total, 1,449. During the first three years the rules admitted one
free pupil from each county in the State.
Number Matriculated and number Graduated in each year at
the College of Physicians and Surgeons since its connection
with Columbia College in 1860.
1861..
69
1862...
59
1867..
1868..
95
•
102
1873..
1874..
99 1879..
84 1880..
94
117
1863...
63
1864...
1869..
80 1870..
91
1875..
69 1876..
108
1881..
93
1882..
1865...
1866...
68 1871..
106 1872..
84
1877..
117
1883..
77 1878..
107
1884..
Total number of Graduates since 1860,
Total from the beginning in 1811,
Number of
Graduates.
49
386
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
PROFESSORS IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE SINCE 1860.
Robert Watts, M. D., 1860-67.
Henry B. Sands, M. D., 1867-79.
Professors of Anatomy.
Thomas T. Sabine, M. D. (Adj.), 1871-79.
(Prof.), 1879
"
Professors of Surgery (1870-79).
Alex. H. Stevens, M. D., LL. D. (Emeritus), Thomas M. Markoe, M. D. (Adj.), 1860-70.
1860-69.
Willard Parker, M. D., 1860-70.
Edward Dalafield, M. D. (Emeritus), 1860-75.
Professor of Midwifery.
Professors of Chemistry.
(Medical Jurisprudence added in 1870.)
(Prof.), 1870-79.
John Torrey, M. D., LL. D. (Emeritus), Charles F. Chandler, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D.
1860-73.
Samuel St. John, M. D., 1860-76.
(Adj.), 1872-76.
Charles F. Chandler, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D.
(Prof.), 1876————.
Professors of Materia Medica.
Joseph M. Smith, M. D., 1860-66.
James W. McLane, M. D., 1868-72.
Edward Curtis, M. D., 1873—
Professor of Botany.
John Torrey, M. D., LL. D. (Emeritus), 1860-
Professors of Obstetrics, Diseases of Women and Children, and Medical Jurisprudence.
(In 1868 Medical Jurisprudence assigned to another Department. Chair divided in 1879
into Gynecology and Obstetrics and Diseases of Children.)
Chandler R. Gilman, M. D, 1865.
T. Gaillard Thomas, M. D. (Adj.), 1863-65.
T. Gaillard Thomas, M. D., 1865-79.
James W. McLane, M. D. (Adj.), 1872-79.
Professors of Pathology and Practical Medicine.
Alonzo Clark, M. D., LL. D., 1860-
Francis Delafield, M. D. (Adj.), 1876-
Professors of Physiology and Microscopic Anatomy.
(Since 1869 Physiology and Hygiene.)
John C. Dalton, Jr., M. D., 1860-
John C. Curtis, M. D. (Adj.), 1876-
William Detmold, M. D., 1862-66.
Professor of Military, Surgery and Hygiene.
(Changed in 1865 to Clinical and Military Surgery.)
Professors of Clinical Medicine.
John T. Metcalfe, M. D., 1866-75.
William H. Draper, M. D., 1880-
Clinical Professors of Venereal Diseases.
Freeman J. Bumstead, M. D., 1867-71.
Fessenden N. Otis, M. D., 1871--.
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
Cornelius R. Agnew, M. D., 1869–
Clinical Professors of Diseases of the Skin.
William H. Draper, M. D., 1869-79.
George H. Fox, M. D., 1881.
Clinical Professor of the Diseases of Children.
Abraham Jacobi, M. D., 1869-
Professor of Clinical Surgery.
(In 1881 Professor Parker became Emeritus Professor, Principles and Practice of Surgery.)
Willard Parker, M. D., 1870-81.
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System.
Edward C. Seguin, M. D., 1874.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
387
Clinical Professor of Laryngoscopy and Diseases of the Throat.
George M. Lefferts, M. D., 1874-
Professor of Gynaecology.
(Since 1882 Clinical Gynecology.)
T. Gaillard Thomas, M. D., 1879-
Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Children.
(Gynecology added in 1881.)
James W. McLane, M. D., 1879.
Professor of Principles of Surgery.
Thomas M. Marcoe, M. D., 1879-
Professor of the Practice of Surgery.
Henry B. Sands, M. D., 1879-
Demonstrators of Anatomy.
(All of Degree of M. D. Assistants in Italics.)
Henry B. Sands, 1860-66.
Erskine Mason, 1861-66.
Erskine Mason, 1866-70.
Thomas T. Sabine, 1866-70.
George W. Wheelock, 1867-68.
T. T. Sabine, 1870-71.
John G. Curtis, 1870-71.
John G. Curtis, 1871-75.
Samuel B. St. John, 1871-72.
Charles McBurney, 1872-74.
Charles B. Kelsey, 1874-79.
C. McBurney, 1875-80.
William T. Bull, 1879-80.
William T. Bull, 1880-
William S. Halsted, 1880.
Francis H. Markoe, 1880-
[In addition to the above there had been from 1860 to 1882, 7 Curators of Museum, 37
Lecturers, and 2 Directors of Pathological Laboratory of the Alumni Association.]
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT
OF NEW YORK (Fairfield).
This institution was established by the Trustees of Fairfield Acad-
emy in 1809.¹ In their report to the Regents in 1810, they describe
¹ It would seem that the idea of connecting medical with academic studies was
entertained from a very early period at Fairfield. The following memorandum,
among the Regents' papers, was received March 15, 1802, the year before the
Academy was incorporated by the Regents. It is indorsed "View of Academical
Studies in Fairfield Academy," and has further interest from its showing a plan of
education in a four years' course, that was then thought to meet the requirements
of that day:
"Those well versed in the following studies shall on a public day be admitted
to a degree in the Academy, or have given to them a written instrument conferring
in them academical honors.
To be well acquainted with Orthography, English Grammar, Arithmetic, Ele-
ments of Geography and Elocution, shall be necessary for admittance into the
Academy.
Course of Studies in the Academy.
First Year-English Grammar, Geography, Composition, Oratory, Gesture,
Arithmetic and the Mathematics through the square and cube roots, Principles of
Politeness and Moral Philosophy.
Second Year - Composition and Oratory continued, Blair's or Kame's Elements
of Criticism, History, Chronology, a general system of Civil Polity, Logic, General
Principles of Jurisprudence; the first year's studies reviewed.
Third Year - Composition, Oratory and History continued, Astronomy, Philoso-
phy, Mensuration, Geometry, Trigonometry, Surveying, Navigation, Botany,
388
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the Academy building of wood, 40 by 50 feet, two stories high, for
the accommodation of the higher classes. There was a small wooden
laboratory, 16 by 24 feet in size, and a larger one, 62 by 32 feet, on
the ground plan, and 30 feet high, built of hewn stone, and contain-
ing a chemical-room, 30 feet square and 18 feet high; an anatomi-
cal room, of the same area, and 12 feet high, with a spacious sky-
light, and twelve other convenient rooms to accommodate the medi-
cal professors and students. The attendance was 52 in Geography,
4 in Hebrew, 58 in Chemistry, Materia Medica, Anatomy and Sur-
gery, 20 in Civil Polity and Jurisprudence, and 24 in the Elements
of Criticism. The chemical apparatus and library were valued at
$1,200, and the anatomical museum at $600.
The Faculty consisted of Caleb Alexander, Principal; Josiah
Noyes, Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica, and Nathaniel
Jacobs, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. The Principal had a
salary of $500, and the two Professors were paid by fees. There
was an Usher (Joseph Montague), with a salary of $300.
In 1810, the Trustees memorialized the Legislature for aid. Dr.
Samuel L. Mitchill, from the Assembly committee, to whom the
petition was referred, reported:
"That a valuable institution for literary purposes has for some
time existed at that place, in Herkimer county, and that of late there
has been added thereto a school for instruction in medicine and the
auxiliary sciences."
The committee reported a separate bill for the better support of
Fairfield Academy, but in the course of legislation this became
merged with other subjects, as a section of "an act making provision
for improving the navigation of Hudson's river between the villages
of Troy, Lansingburgh and Waterford, and for other purposes,”
which became a law April 2, 1810,' granting $5,000 to the Trustees
of Fairfield Academy, from the proceeds of a lottery, to be applied
for the support of the Chemical and Anatomical School under the
Academy Trustees.
With such beginnings the Trustees in February, 1812, memorial-
Chemistry, Materia Medica, Anatomy, the general principles of the Military Art;
the two first years' studies reviewed.
Fourth Year - The more important parts of the three first year's studies con-
tinued to perfection, Book-keeping, Forms of Wills, Indentures, Leases, Notes,
Invoices, etc., etc., Principles of Commerce, Agriculture, the Apothecary and Me-
chanical Arts as to general principles, the general economy of human life. All
the studies critically reviewed."
1 Chap. 133, Public Laws of 1810, p. 68.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 389
ized the Regents for a charter with the powers of a Medical Col-
lege. In this petition, after referring to past reports, they say:
1
"There has been during the last season erected and finished on
the lands belonging to your petitioners, and adjacent to their build-
ings, a stone building 72 feet long, 36 feet wide and 33 feet high,
containing twenty-four rooms and twenty-four closets; twelve of
said rooms 16 by 15 feet, and four 16 by 13 feet; which building
was erected by a company of private gentlemen, under a contract
with your petitioners to rent the same to them for the accommoda-
tion of students, and whenever the funds of the institution would
admit of the same, then to sell the building to your petitioners at its
original cost. Your petitioners have established a Medical School
at their Academy and procured an extensive anatomical museum and
a valuable chemical apparatus. They have also appointed four able
Professors in that branch, to-wit: One of Chemistry, one of Anat-
omy and Surgery, one of Materia Medica and Practice of Physic, and
one of Obstetrics, on each of which branches a course of lectures is
delivered annually at the Academy. The number of medical stu-
dents will be seen by reference to the before-mentioned return.²
That by the regulation of your petitioners, one of the medical Pro-
fessors resides at the Academy, for the purpose of affording in-
struction through the year to such medical students as may choose
to continue there for that purpose. From the very great and
unparalleled exertions which have been made by your petitioners
to render their institution respectable, and from the degree of
celebrity which it has already obtained, your petitioners have flat-
tered themselves, at the present session of the Board of Regents,
they might be able to procure a charter of incorporation as a
College, and with a view to that object had obtained a subscrip-
tion to their funds, amounting to $9,000, in addition to the funds
stated in their return; but on examining the report made by your
committee, made on the 11th day of March last, your petitioners
find That in the opinion of the committee, no College ought to be
established until suitable buildings have been provided, and a fund
created consisting of a capital of at least $50,000, yielding an annual
income of $3,500-which report was then adopted by your Board.
Your petitioners, therefore, although their buildings are amply suffi-
cient, forbear at this time to urge their claim for a charter as a Col-
lege, hoping, however, that the time is not far distant when they
may be able to procure such funds as may bring them within the
spirit of the said report. Should the Board of Regents, however, at
3
¹ The medical Professors were Dr. Lyman Spalding, Dr. George C. Shattuck,
and Dr. Westel Willoughby, Jr., and the chemical Professor, Dr. Josiah Noyes.
Referring to the annual report of 1812, which showed 43 medical students in
attendance.
3
³ Value of lots and building, $9,000; of personal estate, $6,500; of chemical
apparatus and library, $1,250, and of anatomical museum, $900.
390
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
their present session, see fit to grant a charter of incorporation as a
College to any literary institution in the Western District, your pe-
titioners humbly conceive that from the standing of their institution,
when compared with any other in that district, they are entitled to
the preference.
The Medical School, under the direction of your petitioners, has
already received very particular and flattering commendations from
the various other medical institutions in the Northern States. It
promises much usefulness. From its local situation (there being no
other Medical School in this State, except in the city of New York),
it is calculated to be particularly beneficial. The expense of attend-
ing a course of lectures at Fairfield, when compared with that of an
institution in any large city or town, is indeed small. Your peti-
tioners, however, are unable to confer on any student any degree
which may entitle him to practice in Physic or Surgery, or to give
him any preferment therein. Your petitioners have found on the
part of their Professors this to be an objection, that they are not
placed on as honorable a standing as the Professors in other in-
stitutions, inasmuch as no degree can be conferred on any of their
students, and on the part of the students that they can receive no
preferment from their attendance on the school. Your petitioners,
therefore, pray an Ordinance of the Board of Regents regulating
the course hereafter to be pursued in the Medical Department of
their school, and that degrees in Physic and Surgery may hereafter
be conferred by the Regents on such students as shall conform to
those regulations in the same manner as degrees are conferred on
students of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, established pur-
suant to the act entitled 'An act to enable the Regents of the Uni-
versity to establish a College of Physicians and Surgeons within this
State.
And as in duty bound will ever pray.
By order of the Trustees,
A. A. BARTOW, Secretary.
FAIRFIELD, HERKIMER COUNTY, February, 1812.”
This measure being approved, the Regents applied for an act
authorizing them to incorporate The College of Physicians and
Surgeons for the Western District. An act was passed, June 12,
1812,¹ and on the same day a charter was granted, with the same
limitations as had been provided in the one granted in 1807. The
names of the Trustees being left blank, were filled in afterward' by
1 Chap. 131, Laws of 1812, p. 292.
2 The first Trustees were Westel Willoughby, Jr., Jonathan Sherwood, Luther
Guiteau, Solomon Wolcot, Isaac Sears, Abijah Tombling, Amos Hale, Simeon Ford,
Clark Smith, Joseph White, Alexander G. Fonda, Oliver C. Comstock, John Miller,
Isaac Sargeant, Reuben Hart, Amasa Trowbridge, Francis A. Bloodgood, William
D. Ford, James Kennedy, Oliver Ellis, Andrew A. Bartow, William Smith, John
Stearns and James Hale, with power to appoint their successors.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
391
the Chancellor, by direction of the Board. An act for further en-
couragement was passed June 19, 1812.¹
On the 1st of December four Professors were appointed, and the
new institution continued in operation as before.
By an act passed April 13, 1814, the right reserved to the State
to subscribe to the stock of the Bank of Utica (at that period re-
garded as a valuable opportunity) was transferred to the Trustees of
this College, but with the restriction that no part of the principal
should be used in paying salaries of Professors or Tutors.
On the 4th of April, 1815, an amendment was made to the char-
ter by which the quarterly meetings of the Trustees were abolished,
the time of annual meeting changed from the first Tuesday of De-
cember to the third Tuesday of January, and power was given
to the President in calling meetings more fully than before. The
separate Board of such Trustees, residing in Herkimer county,
which had been formerly provided, was also abolished.
By an act passed March 30, 18203, the State appropriated $1,000
a year, for five years, to this College, and gave the bodies of con-
victs dying in Auburn prison (unless claimed by friends) for its use.
A stone building, four stories high, was erected on the College
Park in 1825, and the rooms in this were rented to medical stu-
dents at from $4 to $4.50 per session. Board was usually fur-
nished at from $1.50 to $2 per week. The whole expense of tick-
ets, board, fuel, etc., was about $100 to $110 to the session.
The course of lectures continued twelve weeks in each year for
several years, but in 1821 it was extended to sixteen. It began
on the first Tuesday of October, and ended in January. Besides
these regular lectures, there were for a time special summer courses
in Medicine, Chemistry, Botany, etc., by persons not connected
with the Faculty. About 1826, Dr. Lewis C. Beck lectured upon
Botany, and Dr. Hadley upon Chemistry. In 1832, a June course
in Chemistry was advertised by Dr. William Mather, and in
Botany by Dr. Asa Gray, the former at $6, and the latter at $4.
In 1839, the Circular described the College building as a large
stone edifice, three stories high, containing spacious and convenient
Lecture-rooms, an extensive and valuable Museum of Human and
1 Chap. 222, Laws of 1812, allowing the Comptroller to surrender bonds of $10,-
000 for lands sold on the late Oneida reservation, with accrued interest, as an en-
dowment for this College.
2 Chap. 121, Laws of 1820.
392
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Comparative Anatomy, and one of the most splendid and valuable
collections of Minerals to be found in the country: the Chemical
Apparatus, very extensive and valuable, and the collection of speci-
mens to illustrate the course on Materia Medica, very complete.
The library contained 1,400 volumes.
The Faculty of this College were for the most part non-resident;
the Whites resided in Cherry Valley, Beck and McNaughton in Al-
bany, Delamater for a part of the time in Palmyra, Hamilton in
Auburn, and Willoughby in Newport. After the discontinuance of
the College, Doctors Beck and McNaughton became connected with
the Albany Medical College, and Doctors Delamater, Hadley and
Hamilton with the one at Geneva. Dr. Willoughby, who had al-
ready retired from active duties before the College ended, died at
Newport in 1844, at the age of seventy-five.
The last official trace of the existence of this College that we have
found was the resignation of Doctors Beck, McNaughton and Ham-
ilton, as Professors, dated January 26, 1841. The last degrees were
conferred on that date, upon two young men who had completed
their course the year previous, excepting a few weeks of study which
had been in the meantime fulfilled as required by law.
In recent years the surviving Trustees of the old Medical College
have filled vacancies in their Board, and asserted rights of property
in the premises. It is understood that this does not imply an inten-
tion of reviving the College, but that the action has another motive
which will be further noticed in our account of Fairfield Academy.
Officers of the College of Physicians and Surgeons for the
Western District.
Lyman Spalding, M. D., 1813-17.
Joseph White, M. D., 1817-32.
Westel Willoughby, M. D., 1832-40.
Westel Willoughby, M. D., 1813-32.
Luther Guiteau, M. D., 1832-40.
Presidents.
Vice-Presidents.
Professors.
Lyman Spalding, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and Lecturer on the Prac-
tice of Medicine, 1813-17. Resigned.
Westel Willoughby, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, 1813-40. (Emeritus Professor from
1836-40.)
James Hadley, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Materia Medica and Mineralogy, 1813-40.
(Of Chemistry only for first years; of Chemistry and Pharmacy from 1836-40.
T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Lecturer on Medical
Jurisprudence, 1815-36. (Of Materia Medica and Medical Jurisprudence from 1836-41.)
Joseph White, M. D., Professor of Surgery, 1817-27. Resigned.
Delos White, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, 1818-22. Resigned.
James McNaughton, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, 1822-41.
John Delamater, M. D., Professor of Surgery, 1827-36; Professor of Practice of Physic
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
393
and Diseases of Women and Children, 1836-39; Professor of Practice of Physic and Mid-
wifery, 1839-40.
Reuben D. Mussey, M. D., Professor of Surgery and Midwifery, 1836-38. Resigned.
Frank H. Hamilton, M. D., Professor of Surgery, 1839-41.
[John Stearns, M. D., was elected Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic, Decem-
ber 1, 1812, but his name does not afterward appear in the records.]
Number of Students attending and number Graduating at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons for the Western District
(Fairfield), during the term of its Corporate Existence from
1812 to 1840.
YEARS.
Attending.
Students
Graduating.
Number
YEARS.
Students
Attending.
Graduating.
Number
YEARS.
1812-13....
1813-14..
1814-15..
...
1815-16......
1816-17.
02:
18
24
1822-23..
8
1832-33..
38
1823-24..
8
1833-34..
217
55
1824-25.
15
1834-35.
198
40
28
2
1825-26..
130
19
1835-36...
163
30
4
1826-27.
144
25
1836-37.
164
34
1817-18.
41
1827-28..
171
33
1837-38.
142
32
1818-19..
3
1828-29..
34
1838-39.
34
...
1819-20..
2
1829-30.
33
1839-40.
105
26
1820-21..
3
1830-31..
44
1840...
28
1821-22..
62
13 1831-32..
205
39
Total number of students attending from 1813-14 to 1839-40,
inclusive, 3,123.
Total number of Graduates as above, 609.
After the cessation of Lectures the building was repaired and it
has since been used by the Fairfield Academy, and more recently by
the Fairfield Seminary.
COLUMBIA VETERINARY COLLEGE.
Formed under general act in 1878, and located at 217 East Thir-
ty-fourth street, New York city. First report made in 1880, when
it reported 32 students and 14 graduating. In 1881, it reported 36
students and 10 graduating. In 1882, it reported 59 students and 12
graduated. In its announcement for 1884-85, it bears the name of
the "Columbia Veterinary College and School of Comparative
Medicine."
EXCELSIOR COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
Incorporated April 16, 1857, with the usual powers of a medical
institution, and authorized to confer degrees and to appoint a dele-
1
Chap. 685, Laws of 1857. An amendatory act was passed April 13, 1858 (chap.
160).
Students
Attending.
Graduating.
Number
50
394
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
•
gate to the State Medical Society. Subject to the visitation of the
Regents and required to report annually to them; but so far as ap-
pears from their records, it was never organized
1
ECLECTIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW York.
This corporation was created by act of April 22, 1865. The
Board of Trustees was required to appoint at least six Professors in
the various departments of Medical Science, including Anatomy,
Physiology, Pathology, Materia Medica, Obstetrics, Chemistry,
Medical Jurisprudence, Practice of Medicine and Surgery. They
might confer degrees upon the terms usually required in other Med-
ical Colleges, and their diplomas were to confer the same rights as
those of other Colleges. They were to report annually to the Re-
gents, and were made subject to their visitation.
The College was organized December 19, 1865, and located at the
corner of Livingston place and East Fifteenth street.
Number of Students and of Graduates reported to the Regents.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Students
Attending.
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN.
Students
Attending.
Graduates.
1867.
40
11
1873.
37
21
1879..
138
20
1868.
45
31
1874.
80
9
1880..
143
32
1869.
52
16
1875
127
41
1881.
215
64
•
1870.
48
15
1876
158
44 1882.
146
50
1871.
1872.
76
32
1877..
96
47
1883..
131
37
..
75
16
1878.
107 26
YEARS
ENDING IN—
THE ELECTRO-MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
2
Incorporated June 9, 1875, and made subject to the visitation of
the Regents. No reports received.
JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WATERTOWN.
Incorporated April 23, 1867, but plans never perfected, and little
or nothing ever done.
1
LONG ISLAND COLLEGE HOSPITAL (Brooklyn).
3
This institution was incorporated March 6, 1858, with the usual
¹ Chap. 542, Laws of 1865, p. 1028. An amendatory act was passed April 30,
1869 (chap. 419), providing for the appointment of the Faculty, branches to be
studied, power of conferring degrees, etc.
2 Chap. 550, Laws of 1875.
3 Chap. 19, Laws of 1858.
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETO.
395
powers of a Medical College. Income limited to $10,000 a year;
the annual payment of $10, or $100 at one time, was to confer all
the rights of membership. Made subject to the visitation of the
Regents. Clergymen of the same communion as patients were to be
allowed access to the hospital.
By an act passed April 2, 1862,¹ five persons were to be elected
annually, to serve as Regents of the corporation, to act with those
whose terms had not expired, till next election. Further amend-
ments were passed April 30, 1864, May 23, 1867,³ April 2, 1879,*
and February 9, 1881.5
2
This institution is located on the corner of Pacific and Henry
streets, in the city of Brooklyn, and claims to have been the first in
the country that combined successfully a College with a hospital for
the purposes of instruction.
"The hospital is under the immediate control of the College au-
thorities, and is available at all times for practical instruction. The
collegiate year embraces a Reading Session, which commences in
October, and a Regular Session, which begins at the close of the
Reading Session in February, and lasts five months. Only the Reg-
ular Session is obligatory upon candidates for graduation.
In con-
nection with the College building is a dispensary, which treats annu-
ally over ten thousand patients. The authorities of the city of
Brooklyn have had established the Central Depot of the City Am-
bulance System at Long Island College Hospital. During the year
1881, 1,340 were treated by the Ambulance Surgeons.
The College buildings have been recently greatly altered and im-
proved. A large additional building, containing all modern im-
provements in ventilation, and much additional room, has recently
been erected. No preliminary examination is required for entrance
to the College. The expenses are: Full course of lectures, $100;
matriculation, $5; demonstrator's ticket, $5; graduation fee, $25.
The candidate for graduation must be twenty-one years of age, and
must present legal evidence that he has studied medicine for three
years with a physician duly authorized by law to practice his pro-
fession. He must have attended two full courses of lectures, the
last of which must have been in Long Island College Hospital. He
must submit to the authorities of the College an acceptable thesis
and pass satisfactory examinations."'*
1 Chap. 181, Laws of 1862.
2 Chap. 458, Laws of 1864.
3 Chap. 954, Laws of 1867.
4 Chap. 135, Laws of 1879.
5
Chap. 7, Laws of 1881.
• Public Service of the State of New York, III, p. 338.
396
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The report published in the Regents' Report of 1884 shows that
extensive improvements had been recently made, consisting of addi-
tional lecture and recitation-rooms, chemical, physiological and histo-
logical laboratories, and a museum for the College; besides addi-
tional, general and private wards for the use of the hospital. The
grounds and buildings were valued at $320,000. The Faculty con-
sisted of twenty-one Professors and Lecturers.
Statistics of Long Island College Hospital.
YEARS
ENDING IN
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
1859*
80
24
1872..
92
1867.
119
50
1873.
97
1868.
74
26
1874..
117
1869..
59
18
1875.
105
1870..
56
34
1876..
102
1871.
69
33
1877
111
525548
37
1878.
120
40
1879..
115
57
1880.
119
57
1881.
142
1882.
159
33
1883.
154
133555
33
45
51
61
51
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
*No reports were received for several years after this date.
Whole number of Graduates to June, 1883, inclusive, 897.
MEDICAL COLLEGE LABORATORY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
Incorporated by act of March 22, 1883,' for the purpose of hold-
ing and using real and personal estate for educational purposes in
the city of New York. John C. Draper, Alfred L. Loomis, Wm.
Darling, William H. Thompson, Charles Inslee Parde, J. Williston
Wright, William M. Polk and Lewis A. Stimson (all of the degree
of "M. D." were made corporators and first Trustees.
METROPOLITAN MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Incorporated March 28, 1857,' with the usual powers of a Medical
College, and made subject to visitations by the Regents, to whom
they were required to report annually.
Reports were made in 1860 and 1861, the former showing a class
of 13, with 1 graduate, and the latter, a class of 20, with 8 grad-
The charter was repealed by act of April 12, 1862.³
uates.
¹ Chap. 125, Laws of 1883.
2 Chap. 192, Laws of 1857, vol. I, p. 443.
3 Chap. 191, Laws of 1862, p. 364.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, Ero.
397
THE HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF NEW
YORK, IN NEW YORK CITY.
The institution having the above corporate name was incorporated
by the Legislature April 12, 1860,¹ and allowed to hold property for
its uses not exceeding $100,000 in amount. The Trustees might
confer the Degree of Doctor of Homœopathic Medicine upon the
same conditions as to age,.time of study, attendance at lectures, etc.,
as is usual in Medical Colleges, and were required to report annually
to the Regents. Name changed by act of April 14, 1869, to
NEW YORK HOMEOPATHIC COLLEGE,
2
the act naming the corporators of the institution, and specifying the
powers and privileges of the corporation.
Number Attending and Graduating at the New York Homo-
opathic College of the State of New York, as reported to the
Regents.
YEARS
REPORTING.
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
REPORTING.
Students
Attending.
Graduates.
1861..
55
26
1869.
78
30
1877..
148
54
1862.
40
23
1870.
68
23
1878*
1863.
48
20
1871..
62
18
1879.
152
40
1864
73
26
1872.
103
35
1880*.
1865..
68
36 1873
100
38
1881.
165
1866.
80
40
1874.
130
40
1882.
151
36
1867
1868..
82880
92
42
1875*
1883.
156
48
42 1876.
146
55
YEARS
REPORTING.
*No reports.
The course of study in this College extends through three years,
and includes three distinct courses of lectures, arranged in progres-
sive order. The under-graduate students are divided into three
classes: Freshman, Junior and Senior. The College degree is
granted on the terms and conditions specified in the charter. Op-
portunities are afforded to the students to attend clinics, and to visit.
the various hospitals and institutions.
1 Chap. 329, Laws of 1860, p. 560. The first Trustees were Hollis White, A.
Oakey Hall, Daniel F. Tiemann, Cyrus W. Field, Benjamin F. Pinckney, James
M. Smith, Jr., Abram B. Conger, Henry Nicoll, Horace H. Day, Francis A. Hall,
Gordon W. Burnham, Charles L. Frost, David Austin, Jr., William Barton, John
Haggerty, Charles E. Milner, L. and C. Clark, Frederick L. Talcott, James F.
Hall, John P. Brown, J. M. Cooper, H. L. Van Wyck and P. M. Suydam.
2 Chap. 191, Laws of 1869.
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
398
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
1
The report to the Regents, published in 1884, shows that this Col-
lege has twenty Professors, Demonstrators of Surgery and Micro-
scopy and Midwifery, and six Assistants and Instructors. Various
prizes in books and instruments are given by the Faculty. The
College owns no real estate, but rents two lecture-rooms in the build-
ing of the New York Ophthalmic Hospital. Its educational collec-
tions are valued at $3,600.
Medical Department of Rutger's College.
Although Rutger's College is in a neighboring State, and no offi-
cial notice has been taken by the Regents of any thing done under
its sanction within this State, a brief account should be given of
these proceedings in order to render the history of Medical Education
in the State of New York complete.
In 1792, the Faculty of the Medical School in Columbia College
was reorganized, with Doctors Richard Bailey, Wright Post, John
P. B. Rogers, William Hamersley, William P. Smith, Samuel Nicoll
and Richard S. Kissam, as Professors, and Dr. Samuel Bard as Dean.
Some of these appointments proved so unsatisfactory to the stu-
dents that many of them withdrew; and those interested in the
formation of a separate school, under the act of 1791, finding them-
selves delayed in that measure, procured authority from Rutger's
College (formerly Queen's College), and in 1792 and 1793 classes
were graduated.¹
Nothing further appears in the records of Rutger's College after
1793, concerning their Medical Department, until 1812, when it was
re-established with the following Faculty:
ARCHIBALD BRUCE, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Min-
eralogy.
NICHOLAS ROMAYNE, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medi-
cine and Forensic Medicine.
VALENTINE SEAMAN, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, Physiology
and Surgery.
THOMAS COCK, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology.
JOHN GRISCOM, LL. D., Professor of Chemistry and Natural Phil-
osophy.
¹The general catalogue of Rutger's College shows the appointment of the fol-
lowing Medical Faculty in 1792, viz.: Doctors Richard S. Kissam and William
Moore (of Edinburgh), Nicholas Romayne and Mitchell. In 1792, they granted
the degree of “M. D." to six, and that of "M. B." to two persons. In 1793, the
degree of "M. D." to eight, including Doctors Kissam and Moore, of their own
Faculty.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 399
ROBERT BAYARD, M. D., Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases
of Women and Children.
JOHN WATTS, M. D., Professor of the Practice of Physic.
Some changes were made in 1815, and ALEXANDER H. STEVENS, M.
D., was appointed Professor of Surgery. These appointments were
annulled in 1826, and six new ones made; but the opponents of this
measure having procured a law (April 7, 1827)¹ declaring that de-
grees conferred in this State by Colleges not withinjit should be void,
the latter were virtually annulled the next year.
The degree of "M. D." was conferred upon five persons in 1812,
one in 1813, two in 1814, six in 1815, six in 1816, and thirty-six in
1827, under this authority.
Efforts were made to procure a charter from the Legislature di-
rectly, and a bill for creating "Manhattan College" passed the Sen-
ate by a large majority, but not the Assembly. This encouraged its
friends to further efforts in 1830, but without success.
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo.
A University charter was granted to the "University of Buffalo,”
¹ Chap. 185, Laws of 1827, p. 178.
2 Memorial of the Rutger's Medical Faculty in New York, praying for an act
of incorporation. Senate Doc., 74, 1830.
Memorial of the Trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City
of New York remonstrating against the establishment of a second Medical College
in the city of New York. Senate Doc., 241, 1830.
Memorial of the Professors of Rutger's Medical Faculty (Manhattan College) in
the city of New York, in refutation of an attack upon them by the College of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons in the City of New York. Senate Doc., 297, 1830.
A bill for the incorporation of Manhattan College was introduced in the Senate
in 1830, and was defeated by a vote of 20 to 9.
The petitioners for the College were Doctors Hosack, Macneven, Platt, Francis
and Griscom.
The bitterness of this strife is indicated in the following charge made by the
opposing party, viz. : "That most of them (the applicants) were formerly Profes-
sors and Trustees of the State College, and that during the time they had chief
management of it they sunk about $60,000, and brought the College in debt to
themselves upwards of $20,000, for which they are now prosecuting the College.”
To this it was replied that they had advanced $25,000 for the building. "In its
necessities they lent money to the College, because they would be the most lenient
creditors, and they left the College, because with other vexations they were sub-
ject to an arbitrary taxation, which was tantamount to a confiscation of their
debt."
The Rutger's Medical School was known for a time as the "New Medical Insti-
tution," and occupied a large building on Duane street.
400
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
May 11, 1846,' with the usual powers of an American College, and
with the right to establish a separate Medical and other Departments.
The Medical School was to be allowed to send a delegate to the State
Medical Society. The Hon. N. K. Hall, then in the Assembly, was
particularly active in procuring this charter.
On the 4th of April, 1859, the University was empowered to es-
tablish an Academic Department for young men, preparatory to a
collegiate education, with power to provide for instruction in practi-
cal mechanical science, engineering, mining and the science of teach-
ing. The Medical Department is the only part of this plan of edu-
cation that has been established. It was opened in the spring of
1847, and its course of instruction at present extends to three years,
the attendance as reported in the Regents' Report of 1884 being 178,
of whom 4 were females. The whole number of graduates was
about 1,300. Value of grounds, $20,000; of buildings and furni-
ture, $40,000; of library, $3,000, and of apparatus, $1,000. Total,
$64,000. No report was rendered of revenue and expenditure.
The College owns the building it occupies. It is a stone edifice,
on the corner of Main and Virginia streets."
The original Faculty of this College was organized as follows:
Chemistry and Pharmacy - James Hadley, M. D.
Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence - Charles B. Coventry,
M. D.
General and Special Anatomy - James Webster, M. D.
Pathology and Materia Medica - Charles A. Lee, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery -
Frank H. Hamilton, M. D.
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children James P.
White, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine -
Austin Flint, M. D.
FACULTY OF 1850.
Dean - James P. White.
Treasurer and Registrar - John C. Dalton, Jr.
1 Chap. 194, Laws of 1846. Amended March 22, 1847, with respect to the
quorum of the council, etc.
2 The first lectures were delivered in a wooden building over the old post-office,
corner of Seneca and Washington streets. The present building was erected in
1849-50, by subscription. The largest sum was subscribed by Jesse Ketcham
($600), and the next ($500), by A. D. Patchin. About $8,000 were raised by sub-
scription, and $2,000 were granted by the State. The whole cost was about $15,-
000.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
401
Emeritus Professor of Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence
Charles B. Coventry, M. D.
Pathology and Materia Medica-Charles A. Lee, M. D.
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children- Jas. P. White,
M. D.
Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery—Frank
H. Hamilton, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine -
Austin Flint, M. D.
Chemistry and Pharmacy
George Hadley, M. D.
Physiology and Morbid Anatomy --John C. Dalton, Jr., M. D.
·Anatomy Edward M. Moore, M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy - Hugh B. Vandeventer, M. D.
FACULTY OF 1861-62.
Dean
Sandford Eastman.
Registrar-George Hadley.
Emeritus Professor of Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence
Charles B. Coventry, M. D.
Materia Medica- Charles A. Lee, M. D.
Obstetrics - James P. White, M. D.
Chemistry and Pharmacy — George Hadley, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Medicine — T. F. Rochester, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Surgery - Edward M. Moore, M. D.
Anatomy Sandford Eastman, M. D.
Lecturer on Materia Medica - Joshua R. Lathrop, M. D.
Physiology and Microscopic Anatomy - William H. Mason,
M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy - C. P. Fanner, M. D.
FACULTY OF 1867-68.
Dean and Registrar — George Hadley.
Emeritus Professor of Physiology and Medical Jurisprudence –
C. B. Coventry, M. D.
Materia Medica and Hygiene - Charles A. Lee, M. D.
Obstetrics, etc. James P. White, M. D.
Chemistry and Pharmacy — George Hadley, M. D.
Principles and Practice of Medicine - Thomas F. Rochester,
M. D.
Principles and Practice of Surgery - Edward M. Moore, M. D.
Anatomy and Clinical Surgery-Sandford Eastman, M. D.
51
402
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
Physiology and Microscopy-William H. Mason, M. D.
Surgical Anatomy and Ophthalmology -Julius F. Miner, M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy - Samuel W. Wetmore, M. D.
1869–70 (Change).
Dean-Julius F. Miner, M. D. No other changes.
1873–74 (Changes).
Anatomy Milton G. Potter.
Lecturer on Materia Medica and Hygiene - E. V. Stoddard.
Demonstrator of Anatomy-William C. Phelps.
1874-75 (Change).
Dean Milton G. Potter. No other change.
1877-78 (Change).
Dean-Thomas F. Rochester. No other change.
Dean-Charles Cary.
1878-79 (Changes).
Chemistry and Toxicology -C. A. Doremus, Ph. D.
Lecturer on Anatomy - Charles Cary, M. D.
1881-82 (Changes).
Lecturer on Insanity - Judson B. Andrews, M. D.
Lecturer on Hygiene - Thomas Lathrop, M. D.
Lecturer on Materia Medica A. R. Davidson, M. D.
1882-83 (Changes).
Obstetrics - Matthew D. Mann, M. D.
Chemistry — Rudolph A. Witthaus, M. D.
Lecturer on Ophthalmology and Otology - Lucien Howe, M. D.
Dermatology and Syphilis - Mahlon B. Folwell, M. D.
Lecturer on Histology - Richard M. Moore, M. D.
1883-84 (Changes).
Emeritus Professor of Surgery-Julius F. Miner, M. D.
Surgery - Roswell Park, M. D.
Lecturer on Pathology - Frederick Peterson, M. D.
Lecturer on Surgery - D. W. Harrington, M. D.
Clinical Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Diseases-William H.
Heath, M. D.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 403
1884-85 (Changes).
Dean Thomas F. Rochester.
Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence - Ansley Wilcox, A. B.,
LL. B.
Statistics of Attendance and of Graduation at the Medical
Department of the University of Buffalo.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
1847.
67
17
1861.
72
1848.
93
32
1862.
72
388
30
1874.
101
36
28
1875..
129
45
1849
82
19
1863..
77
24
1876.
122
34
•
1850..
115
27
1864..
110
41
1877.
96
30
1851..
107
30
1865..
120
50
1878.
114
42
•
1852..
1853.
833
82
20
1866.
114
40
1879.
126
41
·· •
18
1867
100
40
1880..
137
43
1854..
24
1868.
91
40
1881..
151
48
1855..
31
14
1869..
94
34
1882.
172
64
1856..
45
5
1870..
110
41
1883..
178
57
1857.
15
1871...
100
39
1884.
155
62
1858..
38
9
1872.
101
34
1859..
66
13
1873..
93
40
Total......
1,249
•
1860..
73
23
NEW YORK COLLEGE OF ANESTHESIA.
Incorporated by act of June 18, 1873, for special instruction in the
use of anæsthetic agents in surgery. It was not made subject to
visitation, and no information can be given concerning it.
NEW YORK COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY.
Incorporated March 31, 1865,' and located in the city of New
York; with power to hold an estate of $250,000, and to confer the
degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery (D. D. S.), upon the recom-
mendation of the Professors, and with the consent of the Regents of
the University.
This College is located at the corner of Twenty third street and
Sixth avenue, and is leased by the Trustees. The chemicals were by
last reports valued at $3,000, and the fixtures at $300. Instruction
is given by lectures, clinics and hospital visits.
1 Chap. 264, Laws of 1865, p. 425. This act was amended April 3, 1867, by ena-
bling the Trustees to confer the degree of "Fellow of the College of Dentistry "
(F. C. D.), with the consent of the Regents, on such persons as had made valuable
contributions to dental science.
Chap. 243, Laws of 1867.
404
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS
ENDING IN
Number Attending and Graduating since reports have been made
to the Regents.
Matriculated.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Matriculated.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
1867..
30
9
1873....
36
10
1879..
87
21
1868..
38
9
1874..
52
9
1880..
100
2280
1869.
29
12
1875..
70
16
1881..
112
29
1870.
16
8
1876..
80
27
1882.
124
30
1871.
23
8
1877
83
14
1383..
138
31
1872..
33
12
1878.
91
11
1884.
142
42
Total matriculated, 1,284; graduated, 326. The College has a
collegiate and an infirmary department, the former having a gov-
erning Faculty of five members, and six Lecturers and Assistants.
}
NEW YORK COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY.
2
Incorporated April 13, 1852,¹ and located in the city of Syracuse.
By an amending act passed June 3, 1879, its location was changed
to the city of New York, and the limit of property allowed was in-
creased from $20,000 to $100,000. No reports have been received
since that date.
NEW YORK HYGIEO-THERAPEUTIC COLLEGE.
Incorporated April 15, 1857, for the promotion of Medical Science.
Empowered to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and made
subject to visitation by the Regents. No reports received.
NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Incorporated April 8, 1850, with the usual powers of a College,
and allowed to hold an estate of not over $200,000. Subject to
visitation by the Regents, and required to adınit five pupils free of
tuition, that had distinguished themselves for good scholarship in the
New York Free Academy. By act of July 9, 1851, allowed to
maintain a hospital in connection with the College.
5
This institution was located on lot 90 East Thirteenth street, one
·
¹ Chap. 261, Laws of 1852, p. 398.
Chap. 451, Laws of 1879.
3 Chap. 508, Laws of 1857, p. 508.
4 Chap 206, Laws of 1850.
5 Chap. 465, Laws of 1851.
Matriculated.
Students
Graduates.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC. 405
block from Broadway, and the building was four stories in height
in front, and five in the rear. The building and lot were valued at
$50,000. With the exception of 1860, it reported to the Regents
from 1852 to 1861 (both inclusive), since which time no reports
have been made. In the closing sentence of their last report they
remarked, that while other Colleges had received appropriations
from the State, this had never been the recipient of aid from either
the State or city authorities.
Statistics of Attendance and Graduation.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Students.
Number of
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN—
Students.
Number of
Graduates.
1852.
93
28
1856..
106 37
1861.
73
19
1853.
97 28
1857..
104
36
1862.
65
17
1854..
116
32
1858..
99
37
1863..
67
16
1855..
108
36
1859..
92
32 1864..
34
16
YEARS
ENDING IN-
NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN.
This institution was incorporated by an act passed April 14, 1863,¹
as the "New York Medical College for Women," and twenty-nine
women were named in the act as corporators and first Trustees. The
object declared was for the purpose of instruction in the depart-
ment of learning in Medical Science professed and taught in said
College. The Trustees might confer the degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine upon terms similar to those required in other Colleges, with re-
gard to age, time of study and term of attendance upon lectures.
By an act passed April 19, 1864,' the name was changed to the
"New York Medical College for Women and Hospital for Women
and Children," and the powers somewhat enlarged by allowing the
corporation to use a part of its funds upon collections of books, and
the productions of nature and art, as might not be required for
medical and clinical instruction.
On the 12th of June, 1866, the name was again changed by the
Regents to the " New York Medical College and Hospital for Wo-
men."
This institution is located at 213 West Fifty-fourth street, between
Broadway and Seventh avenue. A report published by the Trus-
1
¹ Chap. 123, Laws of 1863, p. 191.
2 Chap. 230, Laws of 1864, p. 483.
Students.
Number of
Graduates.
406
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
tees, dated October 1, 1883, shows active operations as a hospital, but
makes no allusion to instruction.
Reports have been received by the Regents from this institution
as follows:
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
YEARS
ENDING IN-
1864.
1865
34
1866.
1867
...
19
1868
•
1869..
* 2228
16
1870...
28
ما
5
1875.
16
9
1871.
35
6
1876.
28
4
•
3
1872.
33
8
1877.
50
9
...
...
9
29
8
1873..
1874...
25
9
1878.
50
27
24
7
1879...
24
32
10
Attending.
Students
Graduates.
THE WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY
FOR WOMEN AND CHILDren.
A corporation previously known as the "New York Infirmary for
Indigent Women and Children," was by an act passed April 13,
1864,' changed to the "New York Infirmary for Women and Chil-
dren," and its powers enlarged for the establishment of a school or
College for women, to be called by the title in the above heading,
with power to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine under the
same rules that are required in other Medical Colleges. The College
was to be subject to the visitation of the Regents, and to report
annually to their Board.
No reports have been received from this institution by the Re-
gents, although annual catalogues have been published showing
classes in attendance. The institution is located at 128 Second
avenue, corner of Eighth street.
2
WOMEN'S COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS (New York City).
Incorporated April 17, 1866, with power to establish a hospital
in connection therewith. Empowered to confer degrees, and made
subject to visitation by the Regents.
NEW YORK FREE MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN.
S
Incorporated April 12, 1871, and located in the city of New York,
for the purpose of instruction in Medical Science. The Trustees
1 Chap. 178, Laws of 1864, p. 360.
2 Chap. 642, 1866. Minority Report of Committee, Assem. Doc., 173, 1866.
3
Chap. 427, Laws of 1871, p. 837.
HISTORY OF SEPARATE MEDICAL COLLEGES, ETC.
407
might confer degrees upon terms similar to those in other Medical
Colleges, were subject to visitation by the Regents, and were re-
quired to report to them annually.
But two reports were made from this institution; one for the
year ending in April, 1874, showing an attendance of 47, of whom
14 graduated, and the year following, when 67 attended and 9
graduated.
NEW YORK COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS.
This institution was incorporated by act of April 6, 1857,¹ with
power to hold property worth $100,000, to establish a course of
instruction, and to grant the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Sur-
gery.
In 1881, this College reported five graduates. It was located at
205 Lexington avenue.
•
NEW YORK PREPARATORY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
An institution under this name was incorporated by special act,
April 13, 1859, with power to confer the degree of Bachelor of
Medicine, not entitling the holder to any right or privilege belong-
ing to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. No person was to receive
this degree unless of good moral character, with a good English edu-
cation, and not without attending two full courses of medical in-
struction, the last of which had been in this school. He must have
passed a public and satisfactory examination, and be at least nineteen
years of age. The corporation was to be subject to the visitation of
the Regents, and was required to report to them annually. No re-
ports were made to the Regents, nor do their records show that the
school was organized.
TROY AND ALBANY MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Applications were made early in 1824 for the establishment of
Medical Schools in Troy and Albany, but a resolution was passed on
the 16th of February of that year, declaring that it was inexpedient
to increase the number of these schools in the State.
1 Chap. 269, Laws of 1857. The act was amended April 19, 1862 (chap. 346).
2 The corporators and first Trustees named in the act were John Anthon, Thos.
Gallaudet, John O. Bronson, Charles A. Budd, Godfrey Aigner, Bern L. Budd,
Charles K. Briddon, George Thurbee, John H. Anthon and George A. Quimby.
(Chap. 270, Laws of 1859.)
408
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1878-79..
1879-80.
1880-81..
1881-82.
1882-83.
UNITED STATES MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Organized May 28, 1878, pursuant to the provisions of chapter
319, Laws of 1848, for the incorporation of Benevolent, Charitable,
Scientific and Missionary Societies, and received under the visitation
of the Regents, January 10, 1879.
The corporation leased rooms at Nos. 114-116 East Thirteenth
street, formerly occupied by the "New York Medical College," at
an annual rent of $2,000, and the first course of lectures began Octo-
ber 3, 1878.
After five courses of lectures had been delivered, the Trustees
purchased the building, No. 9 East Twelfth street, for College pur-
poses, and were about to erect a suitable building, when a suit was
instituted at the instance of the New York County Medical Society,
involving the franchises of the corporation.
In the meantime an act was passed, June 29, 1882, confirming the
charters of such Literary or Scientific Societies as had been formed
under the act of 1848. In the legal proceedings had, the courts de-
cided adversely to this College, and on an appeal carried to the Court
of Appeals, this decision was in June, 1884, confirmed.¹
During a stay of proceedings procured, while this matter was pend-
ing, a sixth course of lectures was delivered, at which about twenty
students attended.
·
Before the charter was declared void by the courts five reports
were made to the Regents, as follows:
Statistics of Attendance, etc.
NUMBER ATTENDING.
YEARS.
1st Course.
2d Course.
3d Course.
Graduates
in Medicine.
Graduates.
17
17
16
19
FNORD
4
3
GO LO
3
7
5
10
6
13
3
14
17
23
39
33
34
25
39
31
Of the classes reported in 1882-83, 65 were males and 18 females.
1
¹ People v. Gunn, 96 N. Y. Rep. 317. Decided June 17, 1884. "Neither the original
act, providing for the incorporation of benevolent, charitable, scientific and
missionery societies' (Chap. 319, Laws of 1848), nor the various acts amendatory
thereof (Chap. 51, Laws of 1870; Chap. 649, Laws of 1872), authorize the incor-
poration of a medical college.”
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF ACADEMIES.
409
CHAPTER X.
RULES ADOPTED BY THE REGENTS FOR THE INCORPORATION OF
ACADEMIES.
It was resolved March 23, 1801, "that in future no Academy ought
to be incorporated unless it appeared, to the satisfaction of the Re-
gents, that a proper building for the purpose had been erected, finished
and paid for, and that funds had been obtained and well secured,
producing an annual net income of at least $100; and further, that
a condition should be inserted in the charter that the principal or
estate producing said income should never be diminished, and that
said income should be applied only to the support of the teachers of
the Academy."
On the 20th of March, 1815, the sum required for investment so
as to yield $100 was increased to one yielding $250 per annum.
Printed blanks have been used for obtaining statistics of Academies
from nearly the beginning. The earliest that has come to notice
was printed in 1794, and addressed to members of the committee
designated for visiting certain Academies, and after stating their ap-
pointment, contained the following resolution of instructions:
"At a meeting of the Regents of the University of the State of
New York, at the Senate Chamber, in the city of Albany, on the
28th day of January, 1794,
Resolved, That it be strictly enjoined on each of the visiting com-
mittees to deliver, or cause to be delivered, a report of their respective
visitations of the Board at their annual meeting, prescribed by the
Legislature.
Resolved, That these reports contain the number of students in
each Seminary, the branches of education which are taught, the
established rates of tuition, the changes which take place from time
to time in their systems of education and government, the number
and employment of the teachers, the salaries which they respectively
receive, and a state of the annual revenues from the funds or estates
of each institution.
Resolved, That the sums of money appropriated by the Regents
to each Seminary be applied to them by the respective visiting com-
mittees, who shall with their annual reports render a particular ac-
count of the application to the Board.
Resolved, That the committees be directed to confine their appli-
cation of the money to the purchase of such books and philosophical
apparatus as are necessary to conduct a course of academical educa-
tion, and for defraying the expense of the tuition of such youth of
genius whose parents are too indigent to defray the same.
52
410
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Resolved, That the several committees take receipts from the
Trustees of the respective Academies, for the books and apparatus
which shall be delivered to them, for which they are to consider
themselves as accountable to the Regents of the University.
Resolved, That each visiting committee transmit an account of the
books and apparatus, which it is their intention to appropriate to the
use of the Academy which they are appointed to visit, unto the
Treasurer of the University, requesting him to import the same
from Europe, as soon as he shall have received such account from
six or more of the said committees; and for defraying the expense
thereof, that the Treasurer retain in his hands so much of the money
appropriated to each Academy as he may deem adequate to the pur-
chase of the books and apparatus intended for its use.
(Extract from the minutes.)
Secretary.
By a resolution passed March 25, 1834, the Regents ordained that
before a charter should be granted to any Academy or school estab-
lished on the system of Lancaster or Bell, or any other system ap-
proved by the Regents, proof should be exhibited that the applicants
award property yielding a net annual income of $250, and a lot suit-
able for such school, and that they had erected a sufficient building,
and that such lot and building were clear of incumbrance.
In February, 1836, a question was raised in respect to the power
of the Regents to receive under their visitation an Academy which
had been incorporated by a special act of the Legislature, but which
contained no provision allowing the Trustees to apply for admission.
This point was raised in the case of the "Genesee Wesleyan
Seminary," the Trustees of which were appointed by the Genesee
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
The committee appointed to consider the question reported that
in their opinion their power was delegated by the Legislature, and
must be construed strictly. All their acts should be confined to
such subjects as the Legislature had authorized; and as the right
of the Trustees of Academies incorporated under special acts to
apply for admission had been specified in some cases and omitted
in others, it was presumed that this difference was intended.
Moreover, although the Regents might unquestionably issue a
new charter in such cases, it would be great presumption on their
part to undertake to do over again what the Legislature had once
done.
In this instance, a most laudable undertaking had been success-
fully begun, and funds to the amount of $56,000 had been raised.
A resolution was accordingly passed recommending an act allowing
RULES FOR THE INCORPORATION OF ACADEMIES.
411
the Academy to be received under their visitation. This was done
by special act.
Under an act passed April 17, 1838,' it was provided that any
Academy owning a building, library and apparatus worth $2,500,
might subject itself to the visitation of the Regents. This rendered
it necessary to modify the rules previously established with respect
to the kind and value of property required to be owned by the
applicants for incorporation, which was done by an ordinance passed
April 25, 1838.
By an ordinance passed March 31, 1840, Academies whose Trus.
tees had delegated to third persons the power of controlling aca-
demic building, prescribing the course of study, paying teachers,
fixing the rates of tuition, etc., were deprived of a distributive
share of the literature fund.
It was decided February 16, 1841, that the Regents cannot amend
an act of the Legislature by changing the name of an institution
which had been given by law, but this rule has not governed their
action in this regard on many occasions.
By an ordinance passed April 6, 1849, it was required that the
lot, building, library and apparatus should be fully paid for before
incorporation, or submission to visitation.
The charters granted by the Regents, and the amendments thereto,
were formerly, and for a long period, recorded in the office of Sec-
retary of State.
By an act passed April 13, 1855,' they were required to be recorded
in the office of the Secretary of the Regents, and transcripts were
directed to be made from records formerly entered in the office of
Secretary of State. Copies of these records, under the seal of the
Regents, were allowed to be used in the courts the same as original
records. The fees formerly charged for recording were abolished in
1870.3
¹ Laws of 1838, p. 220
Chap. 471, Laws of 1855.
3 Chap. 60, Laws of 1870.
412
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XI.
DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, RESOURCES
AND EXPENSES OF THE ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
NEAR THE BEGINNING OF THE PRESENT CENTURY.
A system of reports upon printed blanks, introduced by the Re-
gents in 1804, enables us with aid from letters and other sources of
information, to present in detail an exact description of the size
and arrangement of the buildings then in use, and the endowments
and kind and amount of other educational facilities which they pos-
sessed.
BALLSTON ACADEMY.
In a petition for a charter, dated January 29, 1805, the applicants
say that $380 had been subscribed, and that assurances had been
given that a building, known as the Red Meeting IIouse in Ballston
would be conveyed for academic purposes, when the new church was
finished, with an acre of land on which it stood. One room had been
fitted up and a school commenced in October, 1803.
CANANDAIGUA ACADEMY.
“The Canandaigua Academy is possessed of personal and real prop-
erty to the amount of $30,000 at least. The building is not yet
completed, but will be finished next summer. Its dimensions are
50 by 40 feet. No tutor has yet been provided by the Trustees.
They intend, as soon as the building is ready and the income from
their funds will warrant it, to procure one, and to make him a very
liberal compensation. The property given to the institution consists
in lands in Ontario county, and sums of money, the interest of which
is to be annually paid. Both the principal and interest are secured
upon valuable landed property. We do not exactly know the amount
of the pecuniary donations, but suppose them to be about $5,000.
Those in land amount to upwards of 8,000 acres." (Letter from
Charles Williamson and Thomas Morrisy, dated February 7,
1798.)
A schedule of property accompanying the above, showed the fol-
owing resources:
"Messrs. Nathaniel Gorham and Oliver Phelps have granted a
conveyance in fee to John Smith, in trust, for an Academy at
Canadaque, by the name of Gorham and Phelps Academy, 6,000
acres of land in Ontario county.
ACADEMIC FACILITIES AT BEGINNING OF PRESENT CENTURY. 413
Oliver Phelps appropriated by subscription in money for the use
of the said Academy, £300.
Israel Chapin subscribes £100.
Arnold Potter covenants to convey 200 acres of land in Ontario
county.
Nathaniel Gorham, Jr., subscribes £40.
Daniel Penfield is to convey 100 acres of land in Ontario county.
Israel Chapin, Jr., subscribes £±0.
Moses Atwater, £40.
Judah Colt, £40."
CAYUGA ACADEMY (Aurora).
Opened for students December 8, 1801. Value of lot and build-
ing, $1,300; of other real estate, $487.50; of personal estate,
$528.11, well secured; amount of tuition money, $315.80; value of
Apparatus and Library, $12.50; total, $1,642.91. The building was
of wood, 36 by 20 feet, one and a half stories high, with a gambrel
roof. Three rooms well finished; one 36 by 20, the other 20 by 18.
The real estate consisted of 200 acres of land. Tuition per quarter:
$1.75 for Reading, etc.; $2.75 for English Grammar, and $4 for
Dead Languages. Board, $1 per week. (1804.) The building was
burned October 31, 1805.
CHERRY VALLEY ACADEMY.
Value of lot and building, $2,500; of Apparatus and Library,
$375. The size of the Academy was 60 by 30 feet, two stories high,
containing two large school-rooms, each 24 by 30 feet, a hall, a li-
brary-room, 10 by 12 feet, a stage for speaking and a large gallery,
which together with the stage was 50 by 34 feet, and two small rooms
of 10 by 15 feet each. It was of wood, with a brick chimney at each
end, and had two stories. The lot contained one acre, with a large
yard in front, and the location was central. Tuition per quarter,
$1.50. Library, about 140 volumes. The apparatus consisted of a
telescope, a quadrant, a thermometer, a pair of globes, and a sur-
veyor's chain. Average price of board, $1 per week. (1805.)
CLINTON ACADEMY (Easthampton).
Value of lot and building (1 acre), $2,000; of personal estate (late
donation), $200; of Library and Apparatus, $400; total, $2,600.
The Academy was 50 by 22 feet, and two stories high, the ends of
brick and the sides of wood. The first story had a hall of the size
of the building. The second story had two rooms, cach 22 feet
square. The apparatus consisted of an air pump, telescope, micro-
414
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
scope, small hand orrery, pair of globes, compass and chain, quadrant
and prism. Tuition, $1.50 for Reading and Writing; $2.50 for
English Grammar and Ciphering; $5 for Mathematics and Book-
keeping; $5 for Dead Languages and $5 for Logic, Rhetoric and
Composition; $5 for Moral Philosophy; $5 for Natural Philosophy
and $5 for French Language. (1805.)
COLUMBIA ACADEMY (Kinderhook).
On the lower floor
The upper story re-
Tuition per quarter :
Value of lot and building, $800; personal estate, $59; tuition
money, $400; value of Library, $41. The Academy was a frame
building 42 by 28 feet, and two stories high.
were two rooms 18 by 26 feet, and an entry.
mained as one room in an unfinished state.
$3 for Dead Languages, $2.25 for English Grammar, Ciphering
and Geography, $2 for Reading and Writing, and $1.50 for Reading.
Board, $75 per annum. Library, 17 volumes. (1804).
DUTCHESS ACADEMY (Poughkeepsie).
Value of lot and building, $4,000, producing $42; no other real
estate; personal estate, $300, producing $21; tuition money, $700;
Library, 203 volumes, worth $300; apparatus, none. Academy of
wood, 52 by 25, and two stories high, with cupola and bell, with four
rooms below and four above, besides two in the garret. A large
kitchen and four other apartments in the cellar. Lot 120 feet front
by 135 feet. Tuition per quarter: $4 for Dead Languages, Mathe-
mathics, Geography and English Grammar, all or either of them;
$3 for Writing, Reading and Common Arithmetic, and $2 for Read-
ing and Spelling. Board, $125 per annum, including washing and
mending in the Academy. A universal Atlas, DeWitt's State inap;
apparatus, none; mortgage, $600. (1804.)
ERASMUS HALL (Flatbush).
Value of lot (3 acres), $800; leased while appropriated for a
seminary of learning. Building estimated at $6,250, and lately in-
sured for $1,500, at $72.82 per year, term 7 years. Tuition, $1,386;
value of Apparatus and Library, $1,414. Building (erected in 1786)
100 by 36 feet, two stories a neat frame building completely
finished, with four large halls for the use of students, 34 by 22 feet,
and about twelve lesser rooms. Library, 650 volumes, judiciously
selected. Rates of tuition, $2 to $5 per quarter. Apparatus, a set
of elegant globes, an orrery, an air pump, a telescope, an electrical
*
ACADEMIC FACILITIES AT BEGINNING OF PRESENT CENTURY. 415
machine, a thermometer, a barometer, a Hadley's quadrant, a theodo-
lite and chain, 2 prisms, a magnet, drawing instruments, maps, etc.
Average price of board, $80 per annum, including washing and
sewing. (1804.)
FAIRFIELD ACADEMY.
Value of lot (1 acre given by Edward Griswold) and building,
$2,450; of personal estate, $1,773, producing $124.11 a year; tui-
tion, $560, and Apparatus and Library, $160. Building of wood, 40
by 50 feet, two stories, with a handsome tower and balcony; lower
story in one room with tables and benches for 120 pupils. At the
south-west and south-east corner were stages furnished with desks
and chairs for the instructors. Through the center of the upper
story was a hall 6 feet wide, on each side of which were 3 rooms,
handsomely furnished, 16 by 7 feet, and in four of these were con-
venient stoves, and were used as studies. The other two were used
as lodging-rooms. Tuition per quarter, $2; board, $1.12 per week.
Apparatus, a pair of globes; Library, 59 volumes, generously given
last winter (1803-4) by a number of gentlemen of Albany and some
members of the Legislature. (1804.)
FARMERS' HALL (Goshen).
Value of lot and building, $1,250; tuition, $303; value of Li-
brary and Apparatus, $1,018.65. Academy of brick, 34 by 24 feet,
and two stories high, containing three rooms besides the entry, two
of which are of equal size, 22 by 22 feet, and the other 11 by 8;
entry 11 by 22. Tuition per quarter: 25 shillings for Languages,
16 shillings for English Grammar, 14 shillings for Writing and
Ciphering, 12 shillings for Reading and Spelling. Library, 556
volumes. A map of the world, maps of Europe, Asia, Africa and
America, De Witt's map of New York, a pair of globes and a com-
pass and chain. Average price of board, $1.50 per week. (1805.)
FLUSHING ACADEMY.
In a petition for a charter dated March 8, 1805, it is stated that
exertions had been made within the last two years, and $674 had
been subscribed. A building had been erected on a piece of ground
adjoining the town, leased for 999 years at 6 cents a year, if lawfully
demanded. The sum of $500 had been borrowed to put the build-
ing in condition for use by May 1 next.
416
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
HAMILTON-ONEIDA ACADEMY (Clinton).
Value of lot and building, $3,500, producing $40 a year; of real
and other estate, $900; personal estate, $240; of Apparatus and
Library, $462; tuition, $494. Building of wood, 88 by 42 feet, three
stories high and unfinished; designed to contain twenty rooms, 16 feet
square, a school-room, 42 by 22 feet, and a Library and Apparatus
room. Four of these rooms and the school-room were completed.
The real estate consisted of 100 acres of wild land in Sangerfield,
50 in same town as Academy lot and 17 acres, valued at $50 per
acre. Tuition, invariably $3 per quarter. Books in Library, 189.
Apparatus, a terrestrial globe, a surveyor's compass and chain, a ther-
mometer and an electrical machine. Board almost universally, $1.25
per week. (1804.)
JOHNSTOWN ACADEMY.
Value of lot and building, $2,000; of Library and Apparatus,
$2,300; tuition, $300. Academy of wood, 35 by 45 feet, and con-
taining six rooms, of which two are appropriated for the use of stu-
dents. The south part of the building was for the teachers, and
consisted of four rooms, with a cellar and a cellar-kitchen. School-
rooms 18 by 35 feet each. Prices of tuition: $1.50 for Reading and
English; $1.75 for Reading, Writing and Ciphering through the
Rule of Three; $2.50 for English Grammar, Geography and Frac-
tions; $3.75 for Latin, Greek, Mathematics and Book-keeping.
Each scholar was required to furnish a load of wood for the winter
season. Board about $1.50 per week. Library, about 200 volumes,
contributed by a few persons of the village. (1805.)
KINGSTON ACADEMY.
Established in 1774. Value of lot and building, $2,000. Other
real estate, 700 acres of land, lately granted by the corporation of
the town of Kingston, but not yet rendered productive. Library
and Apparatus, $261.75. The Academy was a stone building, on
the corner of two cross streets, 48 by 45 feet, two stories high,
shingled, and with a cupola and bell. The first floor had three
rooms, the largest of which was appropriated for an English school
of from 25 to 30 scholars, who are taught by a teacher who has no
pay but from tuition. The other two smaller rooms were occupied
by the family of the porter. The second floor comprised the large
Academy hall of about 42 by 20 fect, and a smaller room for Li-
brary and Apparatus. The former consisted of 130 volumes of
ACADEMIC FACILITIES AT BEGINNING OF PRESENT CENTURY. 417
chosen authors; the latter of a pair of globes, a quadrant, a compass
and chain, seven maps, viz.: the World, Europe, Asia, Africa, North
America, the United States and New York. Board, from $75 to
$90 per annum. (1805.)
LANSINGBURGH ACADEMY.
Value of lot and building, $1,200; of other real estate, $450; of
personal estate, $1,256, producing $168.88; of Library and Appa-
ratus, $387.56; tuition, $828. Academy, 42 by 28 feet, with posts
14 feet, and gambrel roof; chiefly of wood, and containing three
rooms. The lower room occupied the whole; the upper part was
divided into two rooms of about equal size. Furnished with a bal-
cony, and a bell weighing 169 pounds. The real estate comprised
nine lots, 120 by 50 feet, in the southern part of the village, but on
account of their unconnected and ineligible situation, unproductive;
but the Trustees had a plan for exchanging them with Mr. C.
Lansing, so as to bring them together, when they might probably be
leased. The personal property consisted of a lease from the Trus-
tees of Lansingburgh of common lands, valued at $588, and bonds
and notes worth $688. The lease was for twelve years and at a low
rate, but would in future be much higher. Of the other personal
property, $350 were received from the Regents, and $318 given by
individuals. Rates of tuition per quarter: $2 for Reading and
Writing; $3 for English Grammar, Ciphering and Geography; $4
for Dead Languages. In the higher branches of Literature there
were no students, and no rates had been fixed. The Apparatus con-
sisted of a surveyor's compass and chain, scale and dividers, orrery
showing all the planets, air pump, Hadley's quadrant, a three pillar
microscope, a barometer, a thermometer, five maps (the World and
quarters) on rollers, a telescope, pair of globes, and map of New
York on rollers. Library, 42 volumes of classical books. Average
price of board for males, exclusive of washing, about $2 per week,
and for females, $1.50. With respect to the smallness of salary of
the Principal ($500), it was explained that he (the Rev. Samuel
Blatchford) was their minister, and that his whole pay was $1,250.
(January, 1805.)
MONTGOMERY ACADEMY.
Value of lot and building, $1,500, yielding $50 a year; of other
real estate, $800, yielding $25; of Library and Apparatus, $750,
yielding $25; tuition, $390. Academy a frame building 48 by 26
feet, two stories, and with four rooms on the first floor and three
53
418
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
above, one of which (26 by 30) is a school-room, the others being
used by the teacher for his family and boarders. The other real
estate consisted of town lots occupied by the teacher, as a part of his
salary. Rates of tuition per annum: for Languages, $12.50; for
English Grammar, Mathematics and Book-keeping, $7.50; for
Reading, Writing and Ciphering, $5. Library, 553 volumes. Ap-
paratus, a pair of globes, a map of the world, and one of each quar-
ter. Board, about $1.25 per week. (1805.)
NEWBURGH ACADEMY.
Letters-patent were granted March 26, 1752, for 500 acres to
Alexander Colden and Richard Albertson, and successors, as trustees
of the Patent of Newburgh and the German Patent. These lands
were called The Glebe, and were intended for the support of a min-
ister of the.Church of England and a schoolmaster.
On the 6th of April, 1803, the sum of $200 a year from the in-
come of the Glebe was to be paid to the Trustees of the Academy
at Newburgh, and to receive these lands a board of Trustees legally
created was asked for by petition to the Regents January 1, 1805.
To this a remonstrance was made, and, upon inquiry, it was found
that much animosity existed among the inhabitants with respect to
the names that should be offered as first Trustees. This led to a
decision to delay the grant until an acceptable list could be made out.
NORTH SALEM ACADEMY.
Income from tuition, $500; salary of Principal and instructor
under him, $575. (1798.)
The Academy had no income except from tuitions. (1799.)
Building of wood, 46 by 30 feet, two stories; real estate, $1,500;
personal, $400. (1807.)
OTSEGO ACADEMY (Cooperstown).
In an application for a charter in 1796, it was stated that a large
and convenient building was erected and partly finished, 66 by 34
feet, two stories high, with a small steeple with dome and bell.
OXFORD ACADEMY.
"In the spring of 1798 a new frame of an Academy was erected
in the village of Oxford, about eight rods south-west of the old one.
About 46 feet by 28, with 18 feet posts. This building was so far
completed by January 1, 1799, as to admit of the reception of
scholars, although the walls were not completed, nor the floors fin-
ished. About forty scholars were accordingly taught in the same,
from that time till the first of April. * * * In November,
ACADEMIC FACILITIES AT BEGINNING OF PRESENT CENTURY. 419
1799, a vacation of three weeks took place for the purpose of further
completing the building, which from the approaching winter season
became necessary. Accordingly the Trustees and inhabitants of the
village of Oxford met at the new Academy, and about twenty persons
agreed to raise $300 or $350 by a tax to be laid equally upon them
by a committee for that purpose chosen.
* * The property
was expended and by means of this the building was rendered
convenient, and the school re-commenced in December with the
most flattering prospects and to the great satisfaction of the inhabit-
ants."
* * *
*
"Thus the prospect appeared on the 5th day of January last, but on
the 6th it was changed. A fire broke out in the night, at a time
and in a manner unperceived, and consumed the building. Thus the
pleasing hopes and generous efforts of the new inhabitants were en-
tirely overcast by an unforeseen misfortune. The public spirit of the
inhabitants for so laudable a purpose has not, however, subsided; a
new frame of at least equal dimensions has since been raised, and
logs drawn to a saw-mill sufficient for 3,000 feet of lumber." (Extract
from a letter of Peter B. Garnsey to the Regents, February 27,1800.)
OYSTER BAY ACADEMY.
Value of lot and building, $3,073.06; of Library and Apparatus,
$91; tuition, $550. Academy with a cupola, 50 by 28 feet, posts
22 feet; two chimneys with four fire-places. Two rooms below,
each 20 feet square, including a staircase. A hall through the mid-
dle of 10 feet. An upper room, 50 by 28 feet, used for public speak-
ing. Made of the best materials which could be purchased; siding
and roof of shingles, and finished above and below in best manner.
Tuition per quarter, $1.75 for Reading and Writing; $2.25 for
English Grammar and Ciphering; $3.50 for Mathematics and Book-
keeping; $4 for Dead Languages; $4 for Logic, Rhetoric and Com-
position; $4 for Moral Philosophy; $4 for Natural Philosophy;
$4 for French Language. Average price of board, $1.50. Appa-
ratus: a pair of elegant 18-inch globes, a donation from a number of
gentlemen; a bell 14 inches in diameter, a donation from a number
of ladies. No Library. (1805.)
UNION ACADEMY (Stone Arabia).
Lot a quarter of an acre; cost £8. Building 50 by 30 feet, two
stories and a half high, with two rooms on a floor; not finished.
Cost not to exceed £600. Not indebted. Expenses defrayed by
subscription. A teacher was engaged at £70 a year, of good qualifi-
cations, but had died at time of report. Rates of tuition, £6 per
annum for Greek and Latin, and £3 for English, etc. Number of
students, 50, all in English studies. Fund, 50 acres of land. Board,
£15 per annum. (Without date, but found with papers of 1795 )
420
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
UNION HALL ACADEMY (Jamaica).
•
Value of lot and building, $2,000. Academy 56 by 32 feet, two
stories, of wood and shingled, with four rooms below and an entry
through the middle. Second story divided into two rooms, and a
cellar under the whole building; walls lathed and plastered. Tuition
per annum: $20 for the Languages, Book-keeping and Mathematics;
$15 for Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and English Grammar; $12
for Reading, Writing and English Grammar, and $10 for Reading
and Writing, or Reading only. Apparatus: a telescope, pair of
globes, set of maps, a case of surveying instruments, and a compass
and chain. Library, 420 volumes. Average price of board, $100
per annum, including washing and mending. (1805.)
UNION HALL ACADEMY (Catskill).
Value of lot and building, $1,125; of other real estate, $900;
yielding $60 a year; of personal estate, $800, consisting of forty
shares in the Susquehanna Turnpike Road, upon which no dividends
had been paid the last year, the principal bridges on the road having
been carried off by an extraordinary spring flood. Prices of tuition
per quarter: $2 for Reading; $2.50 for Reading, Writing and Arith-
metic; $3 for Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and Grammar; $3.50
for Dead Languages; $4 for French Language. Volumes in Library,
55. Average price of board, $1.50 per week. (1805.)
WASHINGTON ACADEMY' (Salem).
Value of lot, $200, yielding $13.50; personal estate, yielding
$50. Building burned, and attempts being made to rebuild, about
$300 being subscribed. (1805.)
Statistical Returns made from Academies in 1804-5-6-7 and
reported by the Regents in the years following.
These statistics, which were continued but four years, present a
summary of the condition of the Academies then existing in the
State, of which detailed descriptions are above given. The Acade-
mies reporting were:
Catskill in 1804-7.
Canandaigua in 1804 and 6.
Cayuga in 1804–7.
Cherry Valley in 1804, 6 and 7.
Clinton in 1804, 6 and 7.
Columbia in 1804-5 and 7.
Dutchess in 1804-7.
Erasmus Hall in 1804–7.
¹ In a report, dated November 14, 1795, the building of this Academy was men-
tioned as completely finished, except painting. It consisted of two school-rooms
and a library-room in the first story, and six rooms for study in the second, suffi-
cient to lodge three students each.
•
ACADEMIC FACILITIES AT BEGINNING OF PRESENT CENTURY. 421
SUBJECTS REPORTED.
Fairfield in 1804-7.
Farmers' Hall in 1806-7.
Hamilton-Oneida, in 1804-7.
Hudson in 1806-7.
Johnstown in 1807.
Kingston in 1806-7.
Lansingburgh in 1805–7.
Montgomery in 1804–7.
Newburgh in 1806-7.
North Salem in 1805-6.
Otsego in 1806–7.
Oxford in 1806-7.
Oyster Bay in 1806.
Union Hall in 1806-7.
Academies.
Students.
1804.
1805.
Academies.
Students.
Academies.
1806.
1807.
Studies taught:
Reading and Writing.....
14
480
English Grammar & Arithmetic.. 16
429 10
200
10
205 10
208 18
631
228
10
312
19
649
Mathematics, Book-keeping, etc.
Dead Languages....
12
123
7
26
7
51
15
134
15
213
9
184
10
130
18
214
Logic, Rhetoric, Composition, etc.
6
101
4
48
4
38
7
97
Moral Philosophy, etc...
1
1
2
14
3
22
•
Natural Philosophy..
1
1
3
14
4
36
French Language.
4
38 1
1
4
16
Total number of Students.
16
963 11
652
10
671
19
1,490
Funds:
Value of Academy lot & building.
17 $37,948
11 $27,650
9
$2,350 19
$50,150
+
other Real Estate.
6
3,837
Personal Estate...
8
4,556
Library & Apparatus... 14
5,7711
459
8,400 6
6,450 7
16,250
4,440
6
5,292 8
9,006
2,448
8
3,502 15
4,953
Annual income:
From Funds...
7
626
3
210 6
594
5
487
Tuition.
12
7,036 6
Teachers' salaries.
*11
7,487 8
3,878 9 5,398
4,583 10 5,688 14
16
9,745
8,469
* In Farmers' Hall, Union Hall, Clinton and Columbia Academies the amount is not re-
ported, the teachers receiving Tuition money for pay.
6-15.
6-20..
7-12.50...
7-16.
1
1
1
Prices of Tuition
per Annum.
1804. 1805. 1806. | 1807.
Average Price of
Board per
1804. 1805. 1806.
1806. 1807.
Annum.
$5-$12.50....
1
1
5-15...
1
$65...
72..
2
1
1
6..
75.
1
1
•
1
1
78
1
2
2
42
2125
1
80..
1
1
1
82.
87.50.
1
1
7-20..
1
88..
•
•
8..
8-12..
1
91.
1
2
...
1
8-16
1
8-20.
1
121
1
100.
1
•
1
3
104..
1
1
108.
•
8-24.
1
117.
1
9-20.
1
120.
1
10.
1
10-15..
1
10-16..
1
10-20.
1
11-15..
12.
12-16.
1
2
1
1
Students.
Academies.
Students.
14..
1
422
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XII.
UNION FREE SCHOOLS.
The germ of the idea of an association of incorporated academies
with the local common schools may be found in two similar acts
passed in 1822 and 1823, the former relating to Farmers' Hall Acad-
emy in the village of Goshen, Orange county,' and the latter to Oys-
ter Bay Academy, in the village of Oyster Bay, Queens county."
These acts authorized the Trustees of the Academy to exercise the
powers of the Trustees of the school districts of their respective vil-
lages, but not unless authorized by the consent of a majority of the
taxable inhabitants of the district, nor longer than the period of six
years, unless this consent was renewed from time to time, as these
periods elapsed.
The first Academy organized in connection with the common
schools, that became subject to visitation by the Regents, was the
Rochester High School, incorporated by special act in 1827,³ and ad-
mitted by the Regents, April 19, 1831. It was established upon the
Lancasterian plan, but in 1835 was reorganized under a stock sub-
scription, and has, with successive changes, continued to the present
time. This was followed by the New York Free Academy in 1847,*
and after this several others by special acts. On the 18th of June,
1853, a general act was passed providing for their organization any-
where, and for the election of Boards of Education for their manage-
ment. Academic departments might be formed whenever they
might be thought necessary, and when admitted under the visitation
of the Regents, in accordance with their rules in matters pertaining
to education (but not with reference to buildings unless separate),
they were to enjoy the full advantages of Academies."
6
The first application that came before the Regents, for the incor-
poration of Academic Departments in Union Schools, under the act
of June 18, 1853, was from the Board of Education of Union Free
Schools in District No. 1 of Warsaw, in which it was requested that
the department should be called the "Warsaw Academy."
Upon an examination of the law it was decided that the Regents
1 Chap. 197, Laws of 1822, p. 196; passed April 12, 1822.
2 Chap. 150, Laws of 1823, p. 170; passed April 12, 1823.
3 Chap. 70, Laws of 1827, p. 55; passed March 15, 1827.
4 Chap. 206, Laws of 1847.
5 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
This privilege was reaffirmed in chapter 450, Laws of 1862.
:
HISTORY OF UNION FREE SCHOOLS.
423
had no power to call the Academical Department of such schools an
"Academy;" they were only authorized to establish an Academical
Department.
This ruling has since been followed in cases of this kind where
the name was not otherwise given by special acts. In the case above
cited, the decision was not willingly accepted, and the Board of Edu-
cation of Warsaw petitioned the Legislature for a change, represent-
ing that the name given was "unnecessarily clumsy and inconven-
ient," and asking that the name first asked for be allowed. This was
referred, by the Senate, to the Regents, who replied that under the
act they could not change the name, and added: "But if they had
such power they would not exercise it, considering, as they do, that
the name provided by law, that of Academical Department of a
Union School, is descriptive of the real character of the Department,
and of its relation to such a school, and that it is better than any
other name not descriptive of such character and relation.”
These Union Schools with Academic Departments, sharing in the
dividends both of the Common School and of the Literature Funds,
and supported by public tax, under our Free School system, soon
became powerful rivals of the old Academies in every part of the
State. The feebler ones have been obliged to unite with the Com-
mon Schools in a large number of cases, sometimes under special
acts, retaining a qualified existence under their separate Trustees,
and in others being placed entirely in charge of a Board of Education
having full control of both.
In some of these Union Schools, where Academies formerly ex-
isted, with facilities for preparing young men for College, the course
of instruction does not now meet this want. There appears to be a
need of institutions where this preparation can be made a special
object of attention, and this cannot well be done except at endowed
Academies, with means sufficient to enable them, with what funds
they receive from the Regents, to fully meet this requirement.
The Powers of a Board of Education in Abolishing an Academic
Department, and of Restoring it again after it had been Abol
ished.
The question having been repeatedly raised, as to the power of a
Board of Education to abolish and to restore an Academic Depart-
ment in a Union School, the subject was referred to the Attorney-
General for his opinion in December, 1879, and on the 20th of De-
cember of that year he replied as follows:
424
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
* * * "The section referred to (§ 24, Title IX of the Code of
Public Instruction) delegates to Boards of Education of Union Free
Schools the power, in case they shall be authorized thereto by a vote
of the voters of the district, to do a specific act. That is, when an
Academy shall exist within their district, they may adopt such Acad-
emy as the Academical Department of the district, with the consent
of the Trustees of the Academy; and the Trustees of the Academy
are thereupon required by resolution, to be attested by the signatures
of the officers of the Board, to file in the office of the clerk of the
county, a declaration that their offices are vacant. The Academy
then becomes an Academical Department of such Union Free School.
"The whole scope of this section is the power to establish an
Academical Department in the manner provided, which, it was evi-
dently contemplated, should be permanent, and no provision exists
for reconsidering or annulling the action taken in the premises.
"I am of opinion, therefore, that the power of Boards of Educa-
tion under this section is exhausted when they have adopted an
Academy as the Academical Department of their district, and that
their action is final.
"In case a change to the original condition as an independent
Academy should be deemed desirable, the only manner in which it
can be done is by an enabling act, for that purpose, from the Legis-
lature.
Very respectfully yours,
A. SCHOONMAKER, JR.,
Attorney-General."
CHAPTER XIII.
STATE TAX FOR ACADEMIES AND UNION DEPARTMENTS OF DISTRICT
SCHOOLS THE QUESTION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO DENOMINA-
TIONAL SCHOOLS.
A clause in chapter 736, passed May 15, 1872, imposed a general
tax of one-sixteenth of a mill on each dollar of valuation, to meet an
appropriation of $125,000, which had been made in chapter 541 of
the Laws of that year. This act contained a clause directing "the
sum thus arising to be divided as the Literature Fund is now di-
vided, which is hereby ordered to be levied for each and every year."
An act passed May 29, 1873,¹ directed the above sum to be dis-
tributed in the following manner:
The sum of $3,000, or so much as might be required in addition
to the annual appropriation of $3,000, usually granted from the
Literature Fund, for the purchase of books and apparatus. The sum
1 Chap. 642, Laws of 1873.
HISTORY OF THE LITERATURE FUND.
425
of $12,000, in addition to the $18,000 usually granted from United
States Deposit Fund, for the instruction of common school teachers,
the whole sum to be apportioned and paid to the several institutions
that might give instruction as then provided by law, at the rate of
$15 for each scholar instructed during a term of thirteen weeks, and
at the same rate for not less than ten, or more than twenty weeks.
The balance of the $125,000 (with an exception to be noted) was to
be distributed as the Literature Fund was divided, but no money was
to be paid to any school under the control of any religious or denom-
inational sect or society.
Uncertainties having arisen with respect to the true meaning of
the last clause above cited, the matter was on the 31st of July re-
ferred to the Attorney-General for his opinion. It appeared doubt-
ful as to whether the exclusion would not apply to the apportionment
of the $40,000 annually granted from the income of the Literature,
and the United States Deposit Funds, as well as to the special grant
of $125,000, and payment was temporarily suspended in five cases
that came apparently under the excluded class.¹
In the meantime inquiries were made, and on the 9th of January,
1874, the Chancellor stated, that these inquiries had failed to show
that the doctrines or tenets of any denomination or sect were taught
in any Academy receiving a distributive share of the Literature
Fund.
In the case of the five Academies whose shares had been withheld
their acts of incorporation by the Legislature had vested the appoint-
ment of Trustees in Ecclesiastical bodies. The Hartwick Seminary
had a charter that required the Principal and a majority of the Trus-
tees to be Lutherans. No exception was made of these Trustees
from the provisions of the general law, which defines the powers and
duties of the Trustees of Academies. An opinion of Hon. Richard
P. Marvin, late Justice of the Supreme Court, in behalf of the
Chamberlain Institute was read, and the Rev. J. T. Edwards, Prin-
cipal of that Academy, was heard in its behalf.
A resolution was finally passed, declaring that none of the Acade-
mies mentioned as exceptional, should be deemed as coming within
the meaning of the act, excepting Hartwick Seminary.
¹ These were the "Genesee Wesleyan Seminary,” “Chamberlain Institute,"
"Central New York Conference Seminary," "Clinton Liberal Institute," and
"Northern New York Conference Seminary," all of which were Methodist institu-
tions, excepting the fourth, which was under Universalist management. A like
order was applied to " Hartwick Seminary," under quasi denominational control
(Lutheran).
54
426
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
A clause was included in chapter 642, Laws of 1873, requiring the
Regents to admit to their examinations scholars from the Union,
Common or Free Schools that brought a certificate from the princi-
pal teacher, or a Trustee, stating a belief that the scholar could pass.
Reports of examinations under this act are made by Academies in
their annual reports, and large numbers have been admitted to ex-
amination from the public schools, more particularly in cities and
large villages.
Free instruction in the classics and higher branches of English
education, or both, was to be given to the extent of $12, and, if the
condition of the fund would permit, not less than $20 for tuition,
such students having passed examinations as prescribed by the rules.
Premiums of not over $2,500 for excellence in scholarship might
also be allowed.
1
The amount of $17,422.76 was set apart for free instruction under
the above act, leaving (after taking out the specific appropriations)
the sum of $89,077.24, to be distributed in the same manner as the
Literature Fund. The appropriation resulting from a direct specific
tax, although declared to be intended for permanence, was continued
only one year.
CHAPTER XIV.
LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS-SELECT SCHOOLS.
In the early part of this century, a system of instruction was in-
troduced in which the pupils were grouped around Monitors and
taught with great economy. It was for many years almost univer-
sally adopted in the large cities, and even in the higher class of pay
schools. The New York High School, which for a number of years
held the first rank, under Daniel H. Barnes, Shepherd Johnson and
John Griscom and others, was conducted on the Lancasterian or
Monitorial System.
This method had much to be commended in the way of economy,
as one teacher could divert the operations of several Monitors, each
with his group of ten or fifteen pupils, and those who were first
employed in introducing it into the city of New York must have
been peculiarly well qualified in their profession. It produced re-
sults full of promise, and for a time bore a rich harvest.
HISTORY OF LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS.
427
Governor DeWitt Clinton was one among a large number, who
gave it a welcome support. As an officer in Public School Society
of the city of New York, he had become much interested in it, and
in his message to the Legislature in 1818, he said :
"Having participated in the first establishment of the Lancaster-
ian system in this country; having carefully observed its progress
and witnessed its benefits, I can confidently recommend it as an in-
valuable improvement, which by a wonderful combination of econ-
omy in expense and rapidity of instruction, has created a new era
in education. And I am desirous that all our Common Schools
should be supplied with teachers of this description. As this system
operates with the same efficiency in education, that labor-saving ma-
chinery does in the useful arts, it will readily be perceived that it is
peculiarly adapted to this country. For, if by its means, one teacher
can perform the functions of ten; and if a pupil can learn in one
week as much as he would in one month in the common way, it is
evident that more wealth, more labor, more time, and more industry
can be devoted to the ordinary occupations of life without interfering
with the dispensation of knowledge. Wherever it has been attempted
it has succeeded, and several parts of the State have experienced its
benefits. Competent teachers can be educated for this express pur-
pose, and in sufficient number to supply all our Common Schools,
by sending intelligent young men to the Lancasterian Seminaries in
New York, where they will be instructed gratuitously, and where
in a few months they will acquire a sufficient knowledge of the
system. Appropriations for this purpose by the several Common
Schools out of their portion of the General Fund, under the direction
of the Superintendent, will defray the small expense attending the
attainment of this object.'
""
In November, 1820, in referring to the educational system of the
State, Governor Clinton again recurred to this favorite topic, and
after remarking that six thousand Common Schools have been
organized, and that the sum of $160,000 were annually paid for
teachers' wages, he said:
"I am informed by the useful and able officer who presides over
this department,¹ that the number of pupils at present taught in our
schools is equal to nine-tenths of the whole number of children
between the ages of nine and fifteen years, and which approximates
to one-fourth of our whole population. There are probably twenty
schools in the State conducted on the Lancasterian system exclusively,
and several others, which follow it partially, but not so far as to
assume a distinctive character. In some of these establishments sev-
¹ Then Gideon Hawley, who from the beginning had been Superintendent of
Common Schools.
428
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
eral young men have been lately instructed as Lancasterian teachers,
and it is to be hoped that this system will be carried into the most
extensive operation.
There are now, upon an average, about fifty scholars for every school-
master under the present plan of the Common Schools, and whether the
number be great or small, the introduction of the Lancasterian method
is of importance, for admitting in all cases the competency of the
teacher to attend to all his pupils, yet when we consider the rapidity of
acquiring instruction under that system, and reflect on the useful habits
it forms, and the favorable impressions which it makes on the minds
and the morals of those who participate in its benefits, we cannot
hesitate to give it a decided preference. The education of youth is
an important trust and an honorable vocation, but it is too often
committed to unskillful hands. Liberal encouragement ought un-
questionably to be dispensed for increasing the number of competent
teachers."
It is not a matter of wonder, that a system of education thus in-
dorsed should attract the favorable attention of the Legislature.
The privileges of the Common School fund had been applied with
manifest benefit, and it was natural to infer, that Academic institu-
tions might flourish equally well under this plan. Special acts had
already been passed for the establishment of Lancasterian school's
in all of the cities and in several of the large villages then existing in
the State, and reports from these were in some cases made to the
Superintendent of Common Schools. It was thought that the pre-
liminary requirements for their organization might properly be
placed under the direction of the Regents of the University, with
powers for incorporation, wherever, in their opinion, they could be
sustained.
An act was accordingly passed February 23, 1821,¹ for the incor-
poration of "Schools for the instruction of youth on the system of
Lancaster or Bell, or according to any other improved plan of ele-
mentary education," in a mode analogous to that in use for the incor-
poration of Academies by the Regents, since their powers began.
They were, however, regarded as belonging to the Common
School system; they were to share in the distribution of the Com-
mon School Fund, and were not required to report to the Regents,
nor were they under their visitation.
In Governor Clinton's message to the Legislature in 1828, but a
few months before his death, he recommended a law authorizing the
Supervisors in each county, to raise a sum not exceeding $2,000, pro-
vided that an equal sum be subscribed by individuals, for the erec-
¹ Chap. 61, Laws of 1821.
1
HISTORY OF LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS.
429
tion of a suitable edifice for a Monitorial High School in the county
town.
The result did not justify these expectations. No charters were
granted under the act of 1821, until six years afterward, when a
Lancasterian School was incorporated (July 2), at Henrietta, Mon-
roe county. In 1828 (April 16), the Lewiston High School Acad-
emy was incorporated under the same law, and then the applications
ceased altogether.
Special acts of incorporation of Lancasterian Schools were passed
as follows:
ALBANY. The " Albany Lancaster School Society," incorporated
May 26, 1812 (chap. 55). Amended February 12, 1813 (chap. 29),
by entitling each subscriber of $25 to the privilege of a member, and
the education of one child free. Became a city institution, and in
1838 granted for the use of the Albany Medical College.
CATSKILL. The "Catskill Lancaster School Society," incorpo-
rated March 14, 1817 (chap. 87). Repealed April 20, 1830 (chap.
284).
HUDSON. Trustees incorporated for the establishment of a Lan-
casterian School, April 15, 1817 (chap. 272). Allowed to establish
a separate school for colored children, March 9, 1839 (chap. 63).
LANSINGBURGH. The " Monitorial School Society in the village
of Lansingburgh," was incorporated April 14, 1827 (chap. 271).
Relieved April 25, 1828 (chap. 158). Repealed May 26, 1841
(chap. 315).
NEW YORK. This system of instruction was adopted by the
Public School Society; opened in May, 1806, by the New York
High School Society, and by several of the schools maintained by
religious denominations, but in a modified and improved form, and
continued for many years. The success of the system being in a
very great degree dependent upon the ability and character of the
monitors employed, the Public School Society established a school
for female monitors, which held one session of five hours on Satur-
day of each week. Monitors had been indentured to the Society,
whenever practicable, as apprentices, and required to serve until
twenty-one years old. A separate school for male monitors was af-
terward established. In 1818, Joseph Lancaster himself, then on a
visit to the country, was permitted to use the school-rooms of the
Public School Society, to lecture upon the Monitorial System. At
different times he came personally in contact with the system with
which his name had been so intimately associated, and to which his
430
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
life had been devoted, in the visits made to this city. On the 22d
of October, 1838, having left a school at No. 7 Chrystie street, where
an examination had been held, in crossing Grand street, he was
thrown down by a horse and carriage and very seriously injured.
He died two days after in Williamsburgh, and was buried in grounds
belonging to the Society of Friends in Houston street, between the
Bowery and Chrystie street.
These schools, under the patronage of the Public School Society,
were scattered throughout the city, and shared in the School Fund.
The receipts of the Society from its incorporation in 1805 till its
dissolution in 1823, amounted to $3,509,755. 15, and its expenditures
to $3,525,754.63. The aggregate of attendance was 488,589, and
for many years toward the last from 20,000 to 25,000 a year.
POUGHKEEPSIE. - The "Lancaster School Society," of this village,
was incorporated March 11, 1814. We have no data concerning its
operations.
SCHENECTADY. A Lancaster School Society was authorized No-
vember 12, 1816, in this city, and continued more than twenty-five
years. In an act passed April 17, 1822, it was required to report to
the Superintendent of Common Schools.
. In the enactment of the Revised Statutes in 1829, the main pro-
visions of the law of 1821 were embodied, in an article entitled "Of
the Foundation and Government of Lancasterian or Select Schools."
The words "on the system of Lancaster-Bell, or according to any
other improved plan of elementary education," were superseded by
"on the system of Lancaster or Bell, or any other system of instruc-
tion approved by the Board of Regents," which was now defined by
the Regents as including
SELECT SCHOOLS.
The meaning of this term has never been officially defined. They
have generally been schools taught upon private account by individ-
ual or associated enterprise, without incorporation, and usually with-
out the buildings and endowments that give stability and permanence
to Academies and Colleges. They have very seldom been continued
under one management for a long series of years.
The first application that came before the Regents, under the
powers vested in them by the Revised Statutes, with respect to
"Select Schools," was in March, 1834, from the " Farmington
School Association."
The requisites for acceptance under this act, not having been de-
fined, an ordinance was passed at that time, as follows:
HISTORY OF SELECT SCHOOLS.
431
"That the founders or benefactors of any Academy, or of any
school established, or to be established for the instruction of youth,
on the system of Lancaster or Bell, or any other system of instruc-
tion approved by the Board of Regents, or as many of such founders
as shall have contributed more than one-half of the property collected
or appropriated for the use of such academic school, shall present
satisfactory proof to the Regents that they own property yielding a
net annual income of $250, and that they are seized of an estate of
inheritance in a lot suitable for a site for such Academy or school,
and that they have erected a building sufficiently commodious for
the uses and purposes of such Academy or school, and that such lot
and building are free and clear of all incumbrances."
Seven years later it was thought proper to give this ordinance in
more systematic form, and the following was adopted:
Ordinances Respecting the Incorporation of Select Schools
(Adopted May 4, 1841).
The founders and benefactors of any Select School desiring to
have the same incorporated under the Sixth Article of the First
Title and Fifteenth Chapter of the First Part of the Revised
Statutes, are to make an application for that purpose to the Regents
of the University in the following manner:
I. The application must be in writing, and must be subscribed by
as many of the founders as shall have contributed more than one-
half of the property collected or appropriated for the use of such
school.
II. It must nominate the first trustees, who ought not to exceed
twelve in number.
III. It must specify the name by which the corporation is to be
called.
IV. The property collected or appropriated for the use of the
school must be particularly described, with the estimated value of
each item, and the property and fund, contributed must amount to
at least $1,000.
V. The courses of studies and the system of instruction intended
to be pursued must be specified.
VI. There must be an affidavit annexed to the application by two
or more of the applicants, sworn to and subscribed before some
officer authorized to take affidavits to be read in courts of record of
this State, stating that the same is made by as many founders of
such school as have contributed more than one-half of their property
collected or appropriated for its use, and that the facts set forth in
the application are true.
VII. In case the Regents conceive a compliance with such request
will be conducive to the diffusion of useful knowledge, they will
declare their approbation of the incorporation of such school,
432
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The only records we have found of incorporations granted under
these ordinances are the following:
Fabius Select School, February 27, 1841.
Hunter Classical School, June 23, 1851.
It is believed that the Lancasterian plan of education has wholly
disappeared from the school system of our State. We have evidence
of its successful operation in the Records of the Public School
Society of the City of New York, and in the testimony of multi-
tudes of those who witnessed its operation and profited by its teach-
ing, but like many other measures of public utility that have sprung
into existence under the impulse of enthusiastic projectors, it had its
period of brilliant success, of decline and final abandonment-per-
haps less from any fault in the system itself than from the changes
in our social organization and habits of thought and action that have
favored the introduction of other methods.
We can assign no other reason for the slight effect produced by
the act for the incorporation of "Select Schools," than the very
probable one that persons engaged in the founding of schools of
learning are seldom contented with the humble name and moderate
claims implied in that title. Their ambition rises higher, seldom
resting upon an object less honorable than an Academy, and some-
times better still. The attendance in "Select Schools" and
private unincorporated Seminaries of learning has at all times been
large, including as it does, parochial schools, private boarding schools,
and the like, which attract great numbers of patrons, notwithstanding
the public schools are free."
1
Of Parochial Schools the Catholics have established by far the
greatest number, and much more than all other religious denomina-
tions together. It appears from statistics given in the Catholic
Directory of 1884, that there are 319 of these schools in the State
of New York, with a total of 89,535 pupils. There were besides
these 80 Academies and Select Schools, of which scarcely any are
under the visitation of the Regents.
་
¹ The Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of 1884, shows that
nearly ten per cent of all pupils under instruction in the State, were attending
private schools. The numbers and percentages were as follows :
Common Schools...
Normal Schools.
Academies.
•
Colleges..
Private Schools..
Law Schools.
Medical Schools..
Total..
·
Number.
1,041,089
6,270
Per cent.
86.00
0.51
32,126
2.65
7,544
0.62
119,952
9.99
559
0.03
3,011
0.20
1,210,551
100.00
HISTORY OF MILITARY INSTRUCTION IN ACADEMIES. 433
CHAPTER XV.
MILITARY INSTRUCTION IN ACADEMIES.
The question of admitting and encouraging military instruction
in Academies, came before the Board of Regents in 1826, in an appli-
cation from Middlebury Academy, and was made the subject of an
extended and favorable report.
After noticing the probable benefits that would ensue in the
Militia service, the knowledge of constructions in which solidity and
strength are desirable but too often neglected, and the avoidance of
accidents from the use of firearms, and of cannon which generally
happen through ignorance, and which a good military education
would prevent, the Committee remarked :
"But there is another and more important view of the subject,
which we beg leave to present, and which, as they deem, gives the
project a still better claim to your favorable notice. Military engi-
neering in all its branches relies upon the abstruse Sciences; and to
be perfect in it one must be well acquainted with Natural Philosophy,
and also intimately conversant with the pure Mathematics. These
'exact Sciences' thrive best where their results are more imme-
diately applied to practical purposes, and where the student has an
opportunity of constantly seeing that his investigations are not only
pleasant to himself but beneficial to mankind. It is always from the
practical applications of Science that those who cultivate it must ex-
pect to derive their revenue; and where we show the use of any
speculation which may at first seem only intricate or pleasant, we
recommend it to the public notice and favor. The effect, therefore,
of encouraging this Military education will be to encourage the culti-
vation of all those sciences with which it is connected, or on which
it depends, by showing one of the most important uses to which
they can be applied."
The Regents, therefore, resolved that they were willing that the
experiment should be made, for the purpose of testing the utility of
Military instruction, in connection with the usual studies pursued in
the academic course, and allowed the Middlebury Academy to insti-
tute a Military department. The Trustees in their annual reports
were requested to communicate the results of their experience, and
particularly as to the practical effects of such course of instruction,
with the rules and regulations established in relation to the same.
The exigencies of the late war having called into exercise the
military talents of great numbers of our citizens, and the need of
55
434
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
proficiency in this being apparent, the Assembly, on the 24th of
January, 1862, passed the following resolution :
"Resolved, That the Regents of the University be requested to
indicate to the House, their views as to the practicability of the in-
troduction of a military drill and the manual of arms, together with
the practice and theory of military engineering, into the Colleges
and higher institutions of learning of this State; and if they regard
the same, in whole or in part, as feasible, that they report a method
of carrying the same into effect, the total cost of which to the State
shall not exceed the sum of $25,000 a year."
On the 31st of January, 1862, the Regents addressed the follow-
ing circular to the Presidents of Colleges, upon the subject embraced
in the above resolution:
"The Honorable, the Assembly, by a resolution adopted on the
24th instant, requesting the views of the Regents as to the practica-
bility of introducing a military drill and the manual of arms, to-
gether with the practice and theory of military engineering, into the
Colleges and higher institutions of learning in the State; and if they
should regard the same as feasible, that they report a method of car
rying the plan into effect.
Before responding to the resolution of the Assembly, the Regents
desire to obtain the views of as many persons connected with the
higher literary institutions of the State, as they can conveniently
consult, in regard not only to the general question referred to them,
but also the details of any plan which may appear to be desirable for
securing the objects contemplated.
The early period at which it is manifestly necessary to respond to
the resolution of the Assembly, if any legislation is to be based upon
the report of the Regents, prevents an extended statement at this
time of their views, but it is the impression of several members of
the Board, who have consulted with each other informally, that our
higher institutions of learning may readily and usefully to the State,
and to themselves, be made at a moderate expense, the effectual
means of imparting the elements of a respectable military education
to a large portion of the young men under their care, qualifying
them at any future period in life to become efficient army officers.
Had there been such a body of men in our State, from which officers
for our present army could have been chosen, they would have had
ample opportunity to render most valuable service to the country.
The Regents respectfully request your views on the following
points:
First. As to the general practicability of the plan, and the best
mode of carrying it into effect.
Second. Would your institution desire to establish a department
of military instruction?
Third. If so, would you prefer to make a military professorship
HISTORY OF MILITARY INSTRUCTION IN ACADEMIES.
435
a separate one, or would you add its duties to those of an existing
Chair?
Fourth. What aid, if any, from the State, would you deem neces-
sary in introducing and maintaining a system of military instruction
in your institution?
Fifth. As an actual life in camp for a few weeks every year would
be desirable in almost any scheme of military education, would this
in any way influence your general course of study, or your vaca-
tions, and to what extent?
We shall be happy to receive your answers to the above inquiries,
and your views on the subject generally, at an early day.
We are very respectfully,
JOHN V. L. PRUYN,
Chancellor of the University.
S. B. WOOLWORTH, Secretary."
On the 7th of March, 1862, the Regents made the following re-
port:1
"That the subject of the resolution received their early and care-
ful attention. The object proposed by the Assembly is presumed
to be the preparation of a class of educated men competent for offi-
cers of the militia of the State, whenever it shall be called into active
service. Such preparation should embrace, besides general culture
and scholarship, essential in the officer to secure respect from the
soldier and influence over his conduct and character, at least so much
of military engineering as is required for the construction of field
fortifications and roads and bridges, a thorough knowledge of mili-
tary tactics in the school of the soldier, the company and the battal-
ion; the principles of attack and defense; the general theory of war,
and the laws which govern its conduct in all the relations of bellig-
erents.
The Regents are confirmed in their opinion, that such a course of
instruction may be engrafted on our existing collegiate and academic
studies, by answers which they have received to a circular addressed
to the Colleges and several of the Academies of the State on this
subject, several of which, and extracts from others, they herewith
submit for the consideration of the Assembly.
In our National Military Academy, more than half the time of the
student is spent in studies which have only a relation in their appli-
cation to military affairs. These branches are now taught in the
Colleges and best Academies. Without injuriously affecting the
character, or impairing the efficacy of the studies now pursued, their
application to military purposes may be taught even by the existing
faculties of instruction. Tactics in the limited sense in which the
term is usually taken, has already been introduced into many Col-
leges and Academies. Its salutary influence is clearly seen in the
improved bearing of the young men, in the strengthening of their
¹ Assem. Doc., 135, 1862.
436
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
physical powers, in the forming of habits of subordination and prompt
obedience, and in directing to useful purposes the natural exuberance
of youthful feeling. To the well-furnished officer, the knowledge of
military tactics in its more enlarged sense is essential. In this view
it embraces the formation and disposition of armies, the modes of
encamping and lodging them, and directing their movements in the
face of an enemy. In this department of military education, the
instruction of the thoroughly educated officer will be required, and
for this special provision must be made by the State. A Professor,
competent to supervise the whole system of military instruction, and
to lecture on the subjects above indicated, together with international
law, and the laws of war, should, in the opinion of the Regents, be
provided for every two Colleges. A subordinate officer, whose du-
ties shall be principally those of drill-master, will be necessary for
each College and Academy in which military instruction shall be
given.
In an experiment entirely new in this State, the Regents would
urge that so much should not be attempted as to hazard its success.
It would be better that a limited system should be first adopted,
which may be gradually enlarged in such ways and to such extent
as experience shall dictate.
It is, therefore, recommended that it shall at first provide for the
education mainly of infantry officers, and that for such purpose six
Colleges, and also one Academy in each Judicial District, shall be
selected.
In organizing the system, some expenses will necessarily be in-
curred which need not annually be repeated. The necessary annual
expenses will probably be somewhat as follows:
For salaries of three Professors
For salaries of fourteen drill-masters, at $750.
For annual additions to libraries, etc.
For incidental expenses...
$4,500 00
10, 500 00
1,500 00
1,500 00
$18, 000 00
In this estimate, no account is taken of the expense of arms and
equipments, as it is presumed that they will be in possession of the
State, and may be furnished without direct expense. That the sys-
tem of drills may be maintained uninterrupted by the condition of
the weather, convenient rooms will be required; some institutions
are furnished with these. It may be necessary that others receive
aid from the State for their erection.
Small libraries for military books, both for study and reference,
and maps, plans and models of fortifications must be provided. For
these purposes, and to meet incidental expenses, unavoidable in the
organization and arrangement of any such system, the proposed ap-
propriation may be applied for four or six months, within which the
HISTORY OF MILITARY INSTRUCTION IN ACADEMIES.
437
system of instruction can scarcely be so fully matured as to be
brought into operation.
There are many reasons in favor of an annual gathering of the
pupils instructed in the several institutions into an encampment, in
which they may be trained to some extent into the experiences of
soldier-life. Should the Adjutant-General deem this expedient, it is
believed that the expenses of such encampment, the necessary camp
equipage having been furnished by the State, may be paid from the
balance of the appropriation above the estimated annual expenditure.
In making the above recommendations, the Regents have not
been unmindful of the great importance of artillery and cavalry ex-
ercise, but having been asked to propose a plan within certain limits
of expense, they have been obliged to govern their recommendations
accordingly. If any part of the proposed appropriation can be
made available for either of the objects referred to, especially that of
artillery exercise, the Regents most cordially recommend it.
Acting on the advice of the chairman of the committee of military
affairs, the Regents herewith submit the draft of a bill for carrying
out the objects contemplated by the Assembly.
All which is respectfully submitted.
By order of the Regents,
JOHN V. L. PRUYN,
Chancellor of the University.
Although the subject recommended did not afterward secure the
sanction of the Legislature as a matter of requirement or aid from
the State, the spirit of the times, if not the demands of patrons, in-
duced several Academies to introduce military drill as an incidental
subject of education in their institutions, and with good results.
Instances occurred in which young men entering the service were
able to profit from this instruction, and to begin with the advantage
of knowing something practically of the duties of the soldier. A
proposition was entertained for the establishment of a school for
military instruction in the western part of the State, but it was not
carried into effect.
The University Convocation at its session in July, 1864, adopted
the following resolutions, which were submitted to the Regents, and
referred to a special committee:
Resolved, That in the opinion of the University Convocation of
the State of New York it is of the highest public importance that
the candidates for admission to the United States Military Academy
at West Point and to the United States Naval Academy should be
selected, as far as practicable, from the students of the highest merit
in the institutions of learning in the State; the degree of merit to
be ascertained by competitive examination.
438
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Resolved, That all persons officially charged with the interests of
education in this State are earnestly invited to lend their co-opera-
tion in promoting a measure of such vital interest to the cause of
education, and to the welfare of the country.
Resolved, That the Board of Regents of the University be re-
quested to lay a copy of these resolutions before the representatives
of this State in Congress, and that the Board be respectfully urged
to devise some practical method by which this most desirable result
may be achieved.
It does not appear that further action was taken by the Board
upon this subject.
CHAPTER XVI.
OBSOLETE FORMS OF ACADEMIC ORGANIZATION.
(1.) The Incorporation of Academies and High Schools under
Stockholders.
Under a general act passed July 11, 1851,¹ it was made lawful for
any Academy or High School for literary, scientific, charitable or
religious purposes, to issue, create and possess a capital stock not ex-
ceeding $10,000, in shares of not less than $10 each, which stock
was to be deemed personal property. In the election of Trustees
each stockholder was to be entitled to give one vote for each share
of stock owned at the time of election.
When such a corporation had erected a building for school pur-
poses worth $2,000, and had complied in all respects with the con-
ditions prescribed by law to authorize the Regents to incorporate
Academies, it was to be declared an Academy by the Regents, and
became entitled to all the rights and privileges conferred by law on
the Academies of this State.
By an act passed April 12, 1853,2 such Academies might by their
by-laws prescribe the mode and manner of electing Trustees, and
make rules and regulations therefor, and might classify them in such
a manner as one-third should be elected annually for a term of three
years. Vacancies might be filled by the Trustees, and the capital
might be not more than $50,000.
1
The Regents by an ordinance passed April 7, 1854, required in-
¹ Chap. 544, Laws of 1851, p. 1002.
2 Chap. 184, Laws of 1853, p. 355.
OBSOLETE FORMS OF ACADEMIO ORGANIZATION.
439
stitutions founded upon capital stock to state in their annual reports
whether any and what dividends had been paid, or were payable to
their stockholders, to the end that by comparing the rates of tuition
and incidental expenses charged in Academies making such dividends
with those charged in Academies which did not make dividends, it
might be ascertained whether there be any differences with respect
to such rates, with respect to the two kinds of Academies.
The results showed that $3,108 had been paid for dividends in
1854, $3,684 in 1855, and $1,600 in 1856.
By an act passed May 13, 1855,' it was provided that any moneyed
or stock corporation deriving profit or income from its capital or
otherwise, should add to the dividends declared upon any stock
owned by the State, or by any literary or charitable society or in-
stitution, a sum equal to the assessment for taxes paid upon an equal
amount of the stock of such corporation not exempt from taxation.
The provision of the Revised Statutes whereby all stocks owned
by the State, or by literary or charitable institutions, in moneyed or
stock corporations, were exempted from taxation, was by this act
declared to be for the benefit of the State, or the institutions owning
such stocks, and not for the benefit of said corporations.
2
By a further act in relation to dividends to stockholders of Acad-
emies and other institutions of learning, passed April 15, 1857, the
income of the Literature and the United States Deposit Funds were
directed to be granted only to such institutions under the visitation
of the Regents as devoted the whole of their earnings, from whatever
source, to the sole and proper use of such institution, and no divi-
dends were allowed to be paid to stockholders.
Under the act of 1851, above mentioned, and with an expectation
of dividing large dividends, many Academies sprung up in localities
where there was no local patronage adequate to their maintenance,
and where a little reflection would convince a person of sound judg-
ment that they could not be sustained. This was especially the case
in Schoharie county, and the reaction which followed the first excite-
ment of competition brought pecuniary disaster upon great numbers
who had placed confidence in this mode of investment.
The act of 1855, and especially the one of 1857, effectually put an
end to further speculation in this kind of investment.
The fallacy
3
1 Chap. 195, Laws of 1855, p. 224.
2 Subdivision 6, § 4, Title 1, Chap. 13, Part 1, R. S.
Chap. 527, Laws of 1857. See Assem. Doc. 93, 1859, recommending amend-
ments to this act. The act was further amended April 16, 1859. (Chap. 426.)
440
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
of the argument under which they had been begun had before this
become evident, but it was already too late to retrieve the losses
which had been incurred.
The ownership of educational institutions by stock companies, in
which the contributors had a voice in the election of Trustees, in
proportion to their shares, and in which public utility and not
pecuniary profit was the leading motive, has been common at all
periods in our State history, and this custom has much to commend
itself to our favor.
The practice of allowing free scholarships to subscribers of a
given amount of stock has generally been disastrous. The capi-
tal assumed to be sufficient to meet this obligation has frequently
been too small for the object, and it has sometimes been expended
in preparations which were far from being completed, before the
promised benefits could begin.
This custom has ruined some old-established Colleges in other
States, and has probably in no single instance met the expectations
of those that have tried the experiment.
The endowment of scholarships by the investment of a sufficient
capital, the income of which only can be used, is quite a different
affair; and where these scholarships are offered as prizes for su-
perior scholarship, they present the strongest incentives to high
attainments in learning, and become the means of securing a great
amount of good.
(2.) Manual Labor Seminaries.
From about the year 1825 to 1835, the theory of combining lit-
erary instruction with manual labor was entertained in various parts
of the country, and several experiments of this kind were undertaken
in this State. In these, the principal object of devoting a part of
each day to labor by the students, was to afford the means for their
support. Technical education in agriculture and the mechanic arts
may have been suggested in the plausible arguments advanced by
the advocates of the system, and was, perhaps, attempted; but with
the means then provided every experiment eventually proved
failure, and the four or five institutions in this State, which were
begun upon this plan, after a few years abandoned the enterprise,
and adopted the usages of other Academies.
The Regents, in a report to the Legislature, in reply to certain
inquiries of the Senate made March 20, 1830,' allude to the large
1 ¹ Legislative Doc., No. 400, 1830.
OBSOLETE FORMS OF ACADEMIC ORGANIZATION.
441
proportion of our population dependent upon agricultural and me-
chanical industries for support, and which are chiefly based upon
scientific principles for their success, remark:
"In our higher schools, science is taught rather as an accom-
plishment than as a useful branch of knowledge; and as those who
study it are generally destined for the learned professions, it holds
but a subordinate grade in their acquirements, and seldom sheds its
light upon those branches of productive labor which it is calculated
most to benefit. Were one or more schools particularly appropriated
to qualify young men for an efficient course of instruction in the use-
ful sciences, for agriculture, manufactures and the mechanic arts,
it is believed the results would be found highly satisfactory and
useful. Should the Legislature accord in these views, a discre-
tionary power might be vested in this Board to appropriate a
limited portion of the income of the Literature Fund to make a fair
experiment."
They, therefore, submitted to the consideration of the Legislature
the following propositions :
"1. That a portion of the moneys hereafter to be distributed
by the Regents of the University, to the several Academies un-
der their jurisdiction, be applied uuder their direction to the pur-
chase of scientific books and philosophical apparatus, for the use of
such Academies. And
2. That the Regents of the University be clothed with a discre-
tionary power to apply a portion of the income of the Literature
Fund to a school or schools, to be devoted particularly to instruction
in those branches of science which are applicable and useful to pro-
ductive labor."
No results followed this recommendation, unless we include the
system of appropriations for books and apparatus begun four years
afterward.
The following institutions undertook to apply in practice the
theories above noticed:
Yates Polytechnic Institute (1825), at Chittenango, Madison Co.
Union Literary Society (1826), at Bellville, Jefferson Co.
Aurora Manual Labor Seminary (1829), at East Aurora, Erie Co.
Oneida Institute of Industry and Science (1829), at Whitesboro,
Oneida Co.
Genesee Manual Labor Seminary, (1834), at Bethany, Genesee Co.
An account of these is given in our separate notice of Academies.
It may be said of all of them that they were failures.
56
442
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
In other States the experiment was tried at about the same period
and with no better success; and even under State patronage, and
with the ample means provided at Cornell University, the number
of students that resort to manual labor as a partial means of
support is less in recent years than at first. In some instances
individual benefit has been derived from the opportunity afforded
for earning by labor in hours not given to study; but with the
greater number of self-dependent young men, it has been found
more desirable to devote the whole of their time for a season to
the earning of the means to enable them to give undivided attention
to their studies afterward.
(3.) Educational Institutions formed under the General Act for
the Incorporation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific and
Missionary Societies.
Several instances have occurred under which educational institu-
tions were organized under the provisions of chapter 319 of the
Laws of 1848, for the formation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific
and Missionary Societies. As provision had long before been made
for the incorporation of Colleges and Academies by the Regents,
and at a later period all institutions of this kind were entitled to
claim a charter as a right, upon compliance with general rules estab-
lished by the Regents, it was thought that abuses might arise from
allowing the practice to continue, and to prevent this, an act was
passed June 29, 1882,¹ entitled "An act to restrict the formation of
corporations under chapter 319 of the Laws of 1848, entitled 'An act
to provide for the incorporation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific
and Missionary Societies,' and the acts amendatory thereof, and to
legalize the incorporation of certain societies organized thereunder,
and to regulate the same," which forbade the continuance of the
practice in the future, so far as related to Literary or Scientific Col-
leges and Universities, without the approval of the Regents.
This approval might be indorsed upon, and filed with, the certifi-
cate, and the Regents were empowered as a condition of their ap-
proval, to impose such conditions as in their judgment they might
deem advisable, not in conflict with said acts.
All Scientific and Literary Colleges and Universities organized
under this act, which had reported to the Regents within two years
prior to the date of this act, were declared legally incorporated, and
all degrees conferred by them were confirmed.
¹ Chap. 367, Laws of 1882.
INCORPORATION OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS.
443
In a suit brought for the purpose of invalidating the charter of
the "United States Medical College," that had been formed under
this act, it was decided against the College, and the decision, when
carried to the Court of Appeals, was in June, 1884, confirmed.
CHAPTER XVII.
ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS IN COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES ALUMNI
TRUSTEES.
In most Colleges, and in many Academies, Alumni Associations
have been organized, and in some instances for many years. They
were at first merely voluntary associations of persons united by a
common interest, and wholly without corporate rights; but in sev-
eral instances special acts of incorporation were obtained, either by
express provision, or upon the number of Alumni reaching a fixed
number.¹
2
By a general act passed June 3, 1882, entitled "An act to pro-
vide for the incorporation of the Alumni of Colleges and Universi-
ties in the State of New York," associations of this kind were al-
lowed to be formed, upon proceedings analogous to those required
for societies and corporations under other general acts. Not less
than nine persons qualified for membership, might execute and ac-
knowledge a certificate stating the name and object of the corpora-
tion, and the names of first Directors. This, when recorded in the
office of the County Clerk of the county where the College or Uni-
versity was located, would invest the association with corporate
powers, among which were the right of accumulating a fund, with
an annual income of not more than $10,000, the election of one or
more of its members as Trustees of the College, as its charter might
allow, the publication of a Record or Directory, and the adoption of
rules and regulations in a constitution and by-laws, as might be
deemed consistent with the objects of their incorporation, and not
inconsistent with the laws of the State. Only one corporation could
be formed under this act for one College or University. The
word "Alumni" was defined as applicable to both male and female
graduates. Should the Alumni of two or more Colleges unite in
¹In Cornell University this limit was fixed at 100, by section 1, chapter 763,
Laws of 1867, amending the original act of incorporation, passed April 27, 1865.
2 Chap. 268, Laws of 1882.
444
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
forming a corporation, under the provisions of this act, then but one
such corporation could be formed of the Alumni so uniting.
This act was amended April 30, 1884,' by further defining the
powers of the associations in voting for Trustees of their Colleges,
in adopting rules of membership, in providing for certain expenses,
and in verifying their annual reports.
The policy of intrusting a share of the management of Colleges
and Universities to their Alumni, as persons presumed to be best
acquainted with their condition and most interested in their welfare,
has been recognized for many years, and provision has been made
for elections for this purpose, from among the Alumni, by special
acts, or under amendments of the charters by the Regents, from time
to time.
The general acts of 1882 and 1884, above noticed, did not affect
any of the special acts previously passed, and applied only to cor-
porations that might be formed under them.
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE RULES THAT HAVE GOVERNED IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE
INCOME OF THE LITERATURE FUNDS.
The first direct appropriation of moneys by the Legislature for
distribution among the Academies of the State, under the direction
of the Regents, was in 1792. In an act passed April 11th of that
year, entitled "An act to encourage Literature by donations to Co-
lumbia College, and to the several Academies in the State," after
granting £7,900 ($19,750) to the College for several objects speci-
fied, it appropriates the sum of £1,500 ($3,750), annually, for the
term of five years, to the Regents of the University to be by them
distributed" among such and so many of the several Academies as
now are or hereafter may be erected in this State, during the said
terms, in such proportions, and to be appropriated in such manner
as they shall judge most beneficial for the several Academies, and
most advantageous to Literature."
In reporting upon their action in this matter to the Legislature at
its next session,' the committee of the Regents state:
1 Chap. 216, Laws of 1884.
2
Chap. 69; 15th Session. Folio edition of Laws, p. 71.
3 Senate Journal, 16th Sess., p. 91.
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
445
"That the Trustees of some of the incorporated Academies have
solicited pecuniary aid for the purpose of erecting buildings for the
accommodation of teachers and scholars, or for furnishing such as
have been erected, but not completed, stating their inability to ac-
complish either from the paucity of their funds.
•
"The committee conceive that if appropriations were made for
such purposes, much embarrassment would result from persons, who,
though they had not secured funds adequate to the support of such
institutions, would nevertheless be induced to solicit incorporation,
in the hope of assistance from the Regents, and support their
request by a plea of precedent. The committee are, therefore, of
opinion, that every such application ought to be discountenanced,
and pecuniary aid extended only for the following purposes, to-wit:
For the support of an additional teacher or teachers, where requi-
site, and where the Trustees have not the means to provide an ade-
quate salary, or to augment the compensation of the teachers in such
Seminaries. To purchase such philosophical apparatus and books
as are indispensably necessary to conduct a course of academical
education. To enable Trustees to take into the Academies commit-
ted to their superintendence, such youth of genius whose parents are
too indigent to pay the expense of tuition.
"That the inspecting committees should be directed to apply the
money, which may be appropriated by the Regents, to one or all of
the objects herein above stated; or, if the money is to be paid into
the hands of the Trustees of the several Academies, that they should
stipulate the particular purposes to which it is to be applied; and if
applied to the purchase of a philosophical apparatus and books, that
the apparatus and books be specified, and that the property thereof
be continued in the Regents and the Trustees of the Academies re-
spectively, to take measures that it be not converted to other than
the purposes intended by the Regents.'
"
The policy foreshadowed in this report has in the main been ever
since maintained. It aims to assist those who are willing to help
themselves, and by stimulating to effort by sometimes stipulating, as
in later years, that grants for libraries and apparatus should be con-
ditioned to the raising of an equal amount for the same object from
other sources, it doubles the benefit secured, where without this mo-
tive, nothing might have been done or attempted. There have been
many instances of direct appropriations by the Legislature, for
building purposes and the like to particular institutions, but none
where the funds were distributed under an apportionment made by
the Regents.
The appropriation of 1792 was divided as follows:
To Erasmus Hall, £150; to Union Academy, £86; to Union
Hall, £124; to North Salem Academy, £176; to Dutchess County
446
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Academy, £206; to Farmers' Hall, £176; to Montgomery Acad-
emy, £176; to Washington Academy, £156; to the Academy of
the town of Schenectady, £124; to Hamilton-Oneida Academy,
£126.
The committee in making this first distribution state, that they had
been governed by existing circumstances, and that this was not to be
considered as a precedent for future distributions.
The apportionment of 1794 was as follows:
To Schenectady and Washington Academies, each £160; to Clin-
ton, Erasmus Hall and Johnstown Academies, each £130; to Dutch-
ess, Farmers' Hall, Hamilton-Oneida, Montgomery, North Salem
and Union Hall Academies, each £110. Total, £1,500 ($3,750).
When this aid to Academies began, there was no Common School
system in the State, and they were obliged to give the elementary
instruction which the Public Schools should supply. The grade
of many of the early Academies was very low, and was scarcely
equal to the average Common Schools of the present day.
But the Academies needed aid, and it was quite proper to assist
them in proportion to the work done. There accordingly arose a
plan of appropriating moneys upon the basis of attendance, as re
ported by the Trustees of Academies, without reference to the studies
pursued, or the attainments of scholars. The report prepared in
April, 1817, contains the first distinction made between common
and classical students, the information being compiled from the re-
turns, made upon printed blanks in use since 1804. It showed a total
attendance of 2,887 students in the twenty-five Academies reporting,
of whom 1,104 were in classical or higher English studies.
On the 7th of April, 1817, Mr. Jenkins, from the committee that
had made the apportionment for that year, submitted the following
resolution, which was adopted:
"Resolved, That all future distributions of the funds of the Re-
gents shall be made among the several incorporated Academies in
this State, in proportion to the number of students who during the
preceding year, have received that course of instruction in the clas-
sics, and the higher branches of learning in the said Academies re-
spectively, which are usually deemed necessary as preparatory to the
admission of students to well-regulated Colleges, and upon this con-
dition that the reports of the Trustees shall contain a satisfactory
assurance that the said Academies are respectively endowed with
funds producing the annual revenue required by the Regents, at
the time of their respective incorporations.
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
447
Resolved, That the Secretary cause a copy of the preceding res-
olution, together with a printed copy of the forms of reports which
are to be used hereafter, to be transmitted to the several Academies
in the State."
On the 10th of March, 1818, a committee composed of Mr. Van
Buren, Mr. Young and Mr. Cochran, was appointed to consider and
revise the former rule, and on the 24th of that month, Mr. Cochran,
from this committee, reported:
"That they have had the same under consideration, and that in
their opinion, the rule now in force as a general rule, distributing
among the several Academies of the State the funds appropriated
for that purpose according to the number of students studying
classics, is more safe and salutary than any which can be devised.
Inasmuch, however, as the particular situation and circumstances of
some Academies may require some additional appropriation be-
yond the sum limited by the existing rule :
Your committee recommend the adoption of a rule which shall
leave one-fifth of the whole sum annually given to the Academies,
to be given to those under such particular circumstances, in such
proportions as the Regents may see fit and proper.
Resolved, therefore, That the rule of distribution for the future
be, that four-fifths of the sum annually distributed among the
Academies of the State, be distributed in proportion to the number
of students studying in the classics, in the respective Academies,
and that the residue be distributed in proportion as the Regents
may deem proper, among such of the Academies whose particular
situation or wants may entitle them to any part of such residue."
This rule was adopted, but as might be foreseen, it gave oppor-
tunities for urgent solicitation, and as a necessary result for dissat-
isfaction, in cases where the petitions were not allowed. The Acad-
emies of low grade were the first to complain, while the change
was regarded with approbation by others that found their revenues
increased, and a strong motive presented for raising them still more.
As academic students in the lower English branches got no benefit
from the Literature Fund, and lost what they might have got by
attending the Common Schools, this measure had a tendency to turn
back to the latter, a certain class of pupils, to the manifest advan-
tage of both systems.
Still, the dissatisfied class found a way for a hearing of their com-
plaints in the Legislature, and by concurrent resolutions, passed in
March, 1819, the Regents were called upon to report annually the
448
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
}
state of their funds, the mode of investment, the revenue derived
and the mode of distribution for the preceding year.
The Regents, in a reply dated March 2, 1819, in speaking of the
apportionment of moneys among the Academies, said:
"The rule formerly practiced by the Regents in the distribution
of their revenue was, to apportion the same according to the total
number of pupils instructed in the several Academies, agreeable
to the returns made by their respective Trustees. The course of
instruction pursued by many of the teachers, consisting chiefly of
the first rudiments of an English education, gave a character to
their institution more consonant to that of a Common School than
of an Academy, where more advanced studies should be attended
to. The liberal endowments which the Legislature have wisely be-
stowed upon Common Schools are calculated to afford to every
section of the State, an opportunity of instructing youth in those
branches of an English education which it is essential should be
attainable by all. The fund placed at the disposal of the Regents,
is destined to support a course of instruction in the higher branches
of learning than those taught in Common Schools, and with a view
of preserving this distinctive characteristic, a rule has recently been
adopted by the Regents,' for distributing their revenue in proportion
to the number of scholars in the several Academies, who, during
the preceding year, have received a course of classical instruction,
usually pursued as preparatory to admission to a collegiate course.
The adoption of this rule, the Regents conceive, was essentially
necessary, to raise the reputation of the Academies, several of which,
in their system of instruction, had sunk to the level of Common
Schools. But the operation of the rule has been, to lessen the
amount formerly distributed to some of the Academies and to aug-
ment it to the others. The Regents have great pleasure in stating,
that from the reports of the present year, it appears that the system
of instruction is rapidly improving in many of the Academies, and
they entertain a well-founded expectation of continued advances in
perfecting the academical instruction, to the attainment whereof it is
essential that the present mode of distribution be rigidly adhered to."
*
This remained as a rule of the Regents, and upon their authority
only, until April 13, 1827, when the Legislature defined by law, the
terms upon which the apportionment should be made, as follows:
*
"The Regents shall distribute the whole income
* * in
proportion to the number of pupils instructed in each Academy or
Seminary, for six months during the preceding year, who shall have
¹ Referring to a resolution offered by Mr. Cochran and adopted, repealing the
rule of 1818, and reviving that of 1817. This was on the same day as that on
which the report, above cited, was made.
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
449
pursued classical studies, or the higher branches of English educa-
tion, or both, and that no pupil shall be deemed to have pursued
classical studies, unless he shall have advanced as far at least as to
have read the first book of the Eneid of Virgil in Latin; and no
student shall be deemed to have pursued the higher branches of an
English education, unless he shall have advanced beyond such knowl-
edge of common, vulgar and decimal arithmetic, and such profi-
ciency in English grammar and Geography, as are usually obtained
in Common Schools."
This requirement passed into the Revised Statutes of 1830, and
remained in force until the substitution of the written examinations
of the Regents in recent times."
The ages of students claimed as pursuing classical or higher
English studies, were not limited either by the act of 1828, nor by
the ordinance of the Regents.
In 1834, the committee on apportionment, in speaking upon this
point, said:
"Where such students have been under the age of ten years, the
practice has been heretofore to make every presumption against
them, so as to require the most rigorous proof that they had pursued
all the preliminary studies, and acquired all the preliminary knowl-
edge required to make them such students, and the result of such
practice has been that very few under the age of ten years, have
been allowed as classical scholars. But as claims to have them so
allowed are presented every year, the committee make a final decis-
ion on the subject; and they respectfully suggest that that decision
be against allowing children under the age of ten years, to be ranked
among classical scholars, or scholars in the higher branches of
English education."
¹ Chap. 228, p. 237, Laws of 1827.
2 On the 18th of March, 1818, an ordinance was passed by the Regents defining
at large and more precisely, the studies required in a classical and in a higher
English course, entitling Academies to a share of the moneys distributed from
the income of the Literature Fund. In classics, they were to be equal to half of
Corderius, half of Historia Sacra, a third of Viri Romæ, and two books of Cæsar's
Commentaries in Latin prose, and the first book of the Æneid of Virgil. In higher
English, besides reading and writing, they were to have acquired such knowl-
edge of the elementary rules, compound numbers, fractions, reduction, practice,
single rule of three and simple interest, as is commonly taught in District Schools.
In grammar, they were to be able to parse correctly any common prose sentence,
and correct examples of bad grammar. In geography, they must have studied to
the extent of the duodecimo edition of Morse's, Cummings', Woodbridge's or
Willett's geography. They must have attended at least four months during the
year, with exercises in composition and declamation, at convenient and ordinary
intervals.
57
450
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
This recommendation was adopted February 26, 1834, as a rule,
in the distribution of the Literature Fund.
In noticing the chapter of the Revised Statutes which continued
the law of 1827, we should especially indicate a new provision then
introduced, which operated most unequally and unjustly while it
remained in force. We refer to
The Apportionment of Moneys to Academies by Senatorial Dis-
tricts.
The Revised Statutes (which in this respect took effect at the be-
ginning of the year 1830), contained the following provision:"
1
"The Regents shall have the control of the whole income arising
from the Literature Fund, and shall annually divide such income
into eight equal parts, and assign one part thereof to each Senate
District. They shall annually distribute the part so assigned to each
District, among such of the incorporated Seminaries of learning, ex-
clusive of Colleges, within such District as are now or shall become
subject to their visitation. by a valid corporate act."
This rule of equal division among Senatorial Districts, thus in-
troduced, afterward became a subject of grievous complaint among
those who suffered from its unequal operation, and it may be well to
here notice some of the statistics of distribution for some years pre-
vious, in order to enable the reader to judge, as to how far it was
justified, at the time of its adoption, adding the apportionment of
1830 to further show how the rule operated during the first year
after it took effect:
Distribution by Academies and Senatorial Districts, from 1823
to 1830, inclusive.
ACADEMIES.
First District.
Clinton......…………..
Erasmus Hall.
Oyster Bay.....
Union Hall..
County. 1823.
1824.
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
...
Suffolk.. $60 97
Kings.... 79 26
Queens.. 48 87
Queens.. 304 87
$41 25
$900 $108 75
111 67
29 37
364 25
187 00
57 00
317 00
253 75
45 50
380 62
$85 11
323 40
42 60
433 94
$493 97 $546 54 $570 00 $788 62 $885 05
$80 64
346 77
64 57
362 90
$854 88
$251 08
61 24
$895 00
108 00
247 00
$312 32 $1,250 00
Total......
Second District.
Blooming Grove......
Delaware..
Dutchess....
Farmers' Hall.
Kingston......
Orange..
$97 58
Del..
48 87
Dutch... 134 14
Orange.
Ulster...
Orange. 103 59
$94 12
41 25
229 12
$57 00
49 00
114 00
$117 81
108 75
$127 67
$64 57
250 00
85 36
70 50
98 001
99 68
110 65
64 57
$171 47
104 11
42 87
$205 57
312 46
129 25
179 00
181 25
170 22
153 22
42 87
123 34
Westch.
Orange. 213 40
Westch.
36 57
88 12
105 75
Dutch...
$719 51
$758 11
Montgomery……….
Mount Pleasant.
Newburgh......
North Salem......
Red Hook.....
Total........
¹ Section 23, article 1, title 1, chapter 15, part 1 of Revised Statutes.
25 00
90 00
54 57
126 87
127 67
233 87
165 35
123 34
129 02
189 84
238 29
274 18
97 98
148 15
.....
.....
164 46
172 68
$612 00 $688 93 $774 50 $1,169 43 $814 49 $1,250 00
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
451
TABLE-(Continued).
ACADEMIES.
County.
1823.
1824.
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
Third District.
Albany.........
Albany
$378 04
$399 50 $529 00 $589 00.
$589 00 $450 97
$604 83
$489 87
$277 18
Albany Female.........
Albany
725 80
661 34
360 68
Albany Female Sem.
Albany
281 70
115 50
•
•
Greenville.................
Greene.
Hudson...
Colum...
158 52
146 34
76 50
90.00
117 81 187 24
298 38
232 71
34 64
135 12!
147 00
190 31
170 22
241 93
257 20
129 93
....
Kinderhook…...
Lansingburgh.
Colum...
Rens...
411 28
355 16
199 25
.....
.....
Schenectady....
Schen....
Total
164 62
121 95
$969 47
180 00
300 00
108 75
51 08
177 42
153 10
75 07
141 00
228 00!
226 56
153 19
80 64
110 23
57 75
$940 12 $1,294 00 $1,232 43 $1,012 70 $2,540 28 $2,541 31 $1,250 00
Fourth District.
Ballston...........
Sara.......
$97 58
Canajoharie
Mont.....
Cambridge, Wash....
Wash....
182 92
$88 12
129 25
$17 00
.....
$129 02
$318 41
$221 45
97 00
183 72
241 13
...
Granville.....
Wash....
85 74
59 10
Johnstown.
Mont....
42 67
82 28
138 00 $135 93
$135 93 $110 65]
120 96
122 48
98 47
Plattsburgh.
Clinton.
162 40
St. Lawrence..
St. Law.
121 95
170 37
Washington (Salem)
Wash....
128 04
170 37
171 00
106 00
172 18
90 62
255 32
314 51
349 03
359 24
76 601
64 58
• 134 73
106 26
Total...
Fifth District.
Bridgewater...
.......
Clinton Gram. School
.......
$573 16 $640 39 $529 00
$398 73 $442 57
$629 07 $1,194 11 $1,250 00
Oneida...
$281 70
$83 16
....
Fairfield..
Lowville.
Oneida..
Herk
Lewis....
....
$104 83
67 36
52 92
....
$184 14
164 62
$146 87
170 37
$195 00
155 00
$253 75
163 12
$314 89
209 67
300 05
126 00
170 22
322 58
232 71
95 76
Oneida Institute....
Oneida..
83 16
...
Sem. of Oneida and
General Conf.........
Madison
233 87
202 09
158 76
Steuben.
Oneida..
120 96
116 35
50 48
Utica...
Oneida..
60 97
Union Lit. Soc.....
Jeff.......
Whitesborough..
Oneida..
67 10
Hamiltor..
Madison
Total ............
123 37
94 12
76 50
$426 83 $611 23
155 00
.... .....
74 00
114 00
389 68
54 57
253 75
400 01
419 35
410 26
186 48
189 00
.....
221 28
516 12
367 41
224 28
$611 23 $693 00 $1,114 87 $1,106 40 $1,927 38 $1,977 93 $1,250 00
Sixth District.
Cherry Valley..
Cortland.......
Franklin...
Otsego...
$73 20
Cortland 109 78
Steuben
$111 63
182 12
••
Hartwick Seminary.
Otsego...
335 35
158 62
Oxford
.....
Chen....
195 11
258 00
$163 00
155 00
74 00
244 00
98 00
$190 31
190 31
$212 77
$298 38
$416 39
$199 20
170 22
282 25
189 84
388 44
63 63
59 57
177 42
146 97
99 60
362 50
72 50
212 77
169 35
202 09
159 36
76 60
185 48
146 97
139 44
Owego.
Ithaca.........
Tioga.
Tomp..
140 85
149 40
187 24
185 48
214 34
114 56
....
Total
$713 44
$710 37 $734 00
$879 25 $919 17
$919 17 $1,298 36 $1,457 45 $1,250 00
Seventh District.
Auburn...
Cayuga
$67 10
$164 50
$57 00
$99 68
$161 71
Cayuga.....
Cayuga
164 62
141 12
90 00
145 00
102 14
Canandaigua.
Ontario. 195 11
196 00
145 00
153 19
$358 06
120 96
161 29
$202 09
73 49
$226 60
87 72
165 35
146 20
Geneva...
Ontario. 274 38
229 12
366 00
Onondaga..
Onon...
128 04
70 50
114 00
108 75
102 14
120 96
t
97 98
102 34
Ovid.....
Seneca.
197 37
Ontario Fem. Sem....
Ontario.
201 61
Pompey.
Onon....
79 26
99 88
82 00
126 87
102 14
112 89
300 07
110 23
182 75
87 72
Yates Co. Acad. and
Fem. Sem.
Yates....
219 30
..... ..
...
Total
$908 51 $705 12 $905 00 $625 30
$625 30 $621 32 $1,075 71 $949 21 $1,250 00
Eighth District.
Buffalo High School
Erie
Fredonia.
Chau
....
Gaines......
Orleans.
Middlebury....
Genesee
Monroe.....
Monroe.
Rochester High Sch'l
Monroe.
Lewiston High Sch'l.
Niagara.
....
$195 11
$266 94
.....
......
...
123 70
$195 11
$88 121 $253 00
$271 87 $238 29
$201 61
$208 21
253 90
403 22
428 62
364 57
240 89
110 23
$604 83
$747 06 $1,250 00
Total.....
Total for State....
Sum due had the
apportio n ment
been made by
Senatorial Dists..
$88 12 $253 00 $271 87 $238 29
|$5,000 00 $5,000 00 $5,590 001 $6,000 00 |$6,000 00 $10,099 93 $9,993 88 $10,000 00
$625 00 $625 00 $698 75 $698 75
$698 75 $698 75 $1,262 48 $1,249 21 $1,250 00
452
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The Regents, in a report made March 20, 1830,¹ in reply to reso-
lutions of the Senate, concerning the best mode of distributing the
income of the Literature Fund, suggested that, the inequality that
appeared in the operation of the rule of apportionment by Senatorial
Districts in the first year, would be likely to increase rather than di-
minish, from the number of new Academies that were annually
rising up, principally in the new counties, unless some of the insti-
tutions in the city of New York were allowed to participate in the
distribution, and remark, that "although the number and high
standing of our Academies are subjects of felicitation, yet there is a
medium as to numbers, beyond which usefulness may be questioned.
The patronage which would barely sustain one hundred in a feeble,
lingering condition, would support half this number in a state of
progressive improvement and usefulness. As most of the academic
scholars go from home for instruction, the expense of education
would not be materially increased, while its value would be enhanced
by a more concentrated patronage. The public benefits expected
from literary schools do not depend so much upon the number as
upon the character of these schools; not so much upon location, as
upon the abilities and qualifications of the teachers, the extent of the
philosophical apparatus, library, etc. Of the large sums expended
by the State upon our Academies, it is believed, but a small portion
has been employed for objects of permanent improvement, owing to
their rapid increase, and diminution of patronage, resulting as well
from this increase as from the establishment of numerous select
schools for teaching the higher branches of education."
2
On subsequent occasions the Regents referred to the rule of dis-
tribution by Senatorial Districts as unequal in its operation, and it
was repeatedly made the subject of remonstrance, but the only
special notice taken by the Legislature, was in a report in Assembly,
made April 19, 1841, from the House Committee on Colleges,
Academies and Common Schools, occasioned by numerous petitions,
chiefly from the Fifth District. This report was adverse to a change,
although admitting that the Fifth District would receive $1,535.48
more, and the First District $855.70 less, upon a uniform apportion-
ment based upon attendance throughout the whole State.
1
Legislative Doc., No. 400, 1830.
2 Assem. Doc., 256, 1841.
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
453
DISTRIBUTION OF THE LITERATURE FUND BY SENATORIAL DISTRICTS
FROM THE TIME WHEN THE REVISED STATUTES TOOK EFFECT IN
1830 TILL THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION IN 1846.
(1.) Number of Students Allowed to have Pursued Classical
Studies.
IN SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
YEARS
OF REPORT.
Total
for the
State.
First. Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth.
Sixth.
Seventh. Eighth.
1830......
2,030
81
152
433
254
496
251
171
192
1831......
2,220
189
175
416
266
482
237
196
264
1832.........
2,399
216
193
514
239
443
290
234
270
1833.....
2,980
256
349
536
342
544
284
273
396
1834..
3,390
273
349
53S
327
684
347
376
496
1835.
1836
1837....
.....
3,740
326
310
737
335
823
362
451
397
4,017
317
420
727
374
910
413
419
436
4,562
252
550
851
537
857
397
•
553
566
1838...
5,046
253
610
1,138
565
1,026
449
524
481
1839...
7,070
527
872
1,320
1,021
1,175
659
710
786
1840.
8,842
598
923
1,455
1,193
1,437
906
1,079
1,251
1841..
10, 186
778
1.121
1,493
1,440
1,669
1,045
་
1,200
1,440
1842...
10,560
799
1,064
1,472
1,544
1,746
1,040
1,255
1,640
1843......
11,277
805
997
1,410
1,541
2,000
1,143
1,444
1,937
1844......
1845....
1846
11,596
792
1,046
1,497
1,706
1,843
1,250
1,534
1,928
12.257
765
1,181
1,647
1,906
1,649
1,612
1,623
1,874
13, 481
805
1,243
1,913
2,045
1,638
1,924
1,833
2,080
(2.) Amount distributed in each Senatorial District, and the
Amount that would have been due upon a uniform Dis-
tribution based upon the Number of Students pursuing
Classical Studies throughout the State.
YEARS
OF REPORT.
Sum actually
distributed
in each Sen-
atorial Dist.
Amount that would have been received by each Senatorial District upon a
uniform Distribution for the whole State.
First. Second. Third.
Fourth. Fifth.
Sixth.
Seventh. Eighth.
entr
1830.............
1831..
$1,250 00
1,250 00
1832.....
1,250 00
$395 13
828 83
901 00
1833.........
1,250 00
859 15
$747 01
788 29
804 70
1,171 10
$2,130 88
1,873 87
2,143 20
1,798 75
$1,251 50
1,198 20
996 50
1.147 70
$2,444 12
2,171
2, 171 17
1,847 50
1,825 30
$1,236 73
1,067 57
1,205 40
953 00
$842 58
882 88
975 50
$946 04
1,189 19
1,126 20
1834......
916 00
1,329 00
1,250 00
805 55
1,029 80
1,587 47
9
964 86
2,018 28
1,023 90
1,106 50
1,463 64
1835..
1.500 00
1,045 46
994 10
2,363 77
1,074 35
2,639 53
1,038 02
1,446 21
1836
1,500 00
1,398 56
947 22 1,254 97
2,172 32
1,117 53
2,719 12
1,234 06
1,252 00
1,302 78
1837...
1,500 00
་
1,662 64
1,446 20
2,257 63
1,412 06
2,265 21
1,014 01
1,454 19
1,484 06
1838......
1,500 00
601 67
1,450 64
2,706 31
1,343 64
2,439 87
1,067 86
1.246 13
1839.....
5,000 00
2,986 50 4.941 67
•
1,143 88
7,480 50
5,784 53
6,592 07
3,736 66
1840......
4,023 67
4,454 40
5,000 00
2,705 17
4,175 36
6,582 00
5,396 87
6,501 83
4,098 50
4,881 07
5,659 20
1841
5,000 00
3,055 23
4,402 14
5,862 90
5,654 80
6,554 06
4,103 70
4,712 37
5,654 80
1842....
5,000 00
3,026 50
4,030 30
5,575 76
5,848 50
6,613 67
3,939 40
4,753 77
6,212 10
1843.
5,000 00
2,853 00
3,529 10
4,991 27
5,458 60
7,077 20
1844...
1845
1846....
4,046 90
5,185 86
6,858 07
5,000 00 2,731 87
3,608 10
5,163 86
5,885 07
6,357 63
4,311 17
5,291 37
6,650 93
5,000 00 2,494 44
3,850 31
5,370 54
6,215 53
5,406 40
5,259 84
5,292 40
6,110 50
5,000 00 2,388 37
3,687 87
5,675 70
6,067 97
4,860 26
5,709 00
5,438 96
6,171 87
Return to the Plan of Impartial Distribution for the whole State.
The apportionment by Senatorial districts continued through sev-
enteen years, and until superseded by a clause in the Constitution of
1846. It was said in its defense, that the object of the subsidy was
to encourage feeble academies in poor and thinly settled districts ;
454
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
but we can scarcely understand the force of this, since the district
most benefited was that including New York city.
Upon the return to a plan of distribution upon equal terms for
the whole State, but little change was made in the details of opera-
tion for a long period. By referring to the table of Attendance in
Academies, showing the numbers claimed and allowed, it will be
seen from the percentage column that the number participating in
the distribution of the Literature Fund was a very large percentage
of the number claimed as entitled to the privilege, until the year
1866, when it suddenly dropped from a point high up among the
"nineties," down to less than two-thirds, and in two years later to
less than half.
If we seek to learn the reason of this sudden change, it will not
be found due to any change in the law, or in the form of the reports,
or in the instructions under which they were made, but to increased
attention in the scrutinizing of the reports, and the rejection of
many claims that were not strictly in conformity with the spirit and
letter of the ordinances under which the distribution was made.
In February, 1855, a standing committee was appointed upon the
Distribution of the Literature Fund, consisting of Mr. Hawley, the
Lieutenant-Governor (Mr. Thomas G. Alvord) and Mr. Parks; and
on the 12th of January, 1866, the Lieutenant-Governor, from this
Committee, reported as follows:
"That reports have been received from 202 Academies, and that
the most careful and critical examination, embracing months of
labor, has been given to them. While many are so accurately made
as to require no correction, either in their financial or literary parts,
others are deficient or incorrect in both. The printed forms, pre-
pared with great care, are designed to relieve the officers of the Acade-
mies of much of the labor to which they would otherwise be sub-
jected. The part of the report which relates to corporate property
and financial affairs, is quite minute in its details, but not more so
than is required for the preservation of the property and the
economical administration of the finances. There is a strong tend-
ency in all corporate bodies not created for the direct pecuniary in-
terest of the corporators, to transfer labor and responsibility, which
in the case of Academies, are often devolved almost wholly on the
Principal, whose connection with the institution is often only tempo-
rary. This necessity produces laxity of management and neglect of
that care of property which is indispensable to its preservation. The
Committee have no doubt that the responsibility to which the trus
tees of Academies are held in the details of their annual reports, has
contributed very essentially to the preservation of their academic
THE INCOME OF LITERATURE FUNDS.
455
property, and they are decidedly of opinion, that such responsibility
should not be in any degree relaxed. In all cases where the reports
have been defective, they have been returned for correction, or have
been corrected by correspondence, which has extended to more than
one hundred letters.
The greater part of the labor of examining the reports has been
expended on the schedule of studies, on which the sum to be appor-
tioned to each Academy depends. The ordinance defining prelimi-
nary studies, and directing the mode in which the schedule shall be
made, is believed to be as specific as it can be, while the examina-
tion to determine preliminary scholarship is left to the discretion of
the principals of Academies. While this discretion is permitted, no
uniform standard of scholarship will prevail, and those scholars will
be claimed for the distribution of the Literature Fund in one
Academy, whom a higher standard will exclude in another."
Applying the rules more strictly than had been practiced before,
they excluded over twelve per cent of the number claimed.
The prevailing reason of exclusion was, that preliminary studies
were pursued, either in whole or in part, by many scholars, showing
that such studies had not been completed at the commencement of
the course of higher studies, as required by the ordinance of the
Regents.
It was evident from this searching investigation that the old sys-
tem of apportionment involved radical defects. This had been felt
for years, and the Regents in their report of 1864 said:
"The apportionment and distribution of the income of the Litera-
ture Fund was regulated by law when the system of public educa-
tion in this State was in comparative infancy, and the Legislature
adopted perhaps the best mode which was then practicable. In the
judgment of the Regents, that mode of distribution does not now
produce the amount of good which the people ought to derive, in-
tended as it was, to operate only as a constantly active and increas-
ing healthy stimulus to higher education. At a more recent period,
the State also authorized the Board to distribute moneys to Acade-
mies to promote the education of teachers, making certain Acad-
emies practically from year to year, Normal Schools. The evident
general intention of both these distributions is the same double
purpose, of strengthening and sustaining the Academies, and of
stimulating higher education and better modes of instruction. Yet
merit in learning, and proficiency and merit in instruction are neither
of them allowed to enter as an element in the mode of distribution.
The Regents suggest the practicability and expediency of making
the distribution in both cases to depend upon merit as ascertained
by competition and comparative examination, upon which might be
456
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
made to depend also promotions and honors in the form of scholar-
ships and fellowships in the Colleges which would be sought with
enlightened emulation as honorable distinctions, and also as positive
evidences of actual merit.
It is the system of State competitive examinations, which gives to
public education in Europe much of that thoroughness and exactness
which is wanting in this country, and without which schools fail
everywhere to produce their highest results. The Regents are not
ignorant that it is sometimes assumed that the best mode of pro-
moting the education of the people is to confine the bounty of the
State to the Common Schools. They consider all the educational
institutions of the State Colleges, Academies and Common
Schools—as but dependent parts of one great and harmonious sys-
tem in which the teaching of the alphabet and of the higher branches
of learning are equally important; as incentives, as objects of admi-
ration, emulation and ambition, the higher Seminaries, the Normal
School, the Academy, the College and the University are worth to
the Common Schools themselves, even in their lower forms, much
more than their cost, and when to this we add their value as contrib-
utors to the productive power of the State, and to its honor, glory
and strength, their value cannot be over-estimated.
Dis-
tinguished citizens of this State deeply interested in public educa-
tion, have urged the Regents to take measures for annual competi
tive examinations, which the Board would proceed to do if adequate
funds were placed at their disposal for that purpose."
* * X
CHAPTER XIX.
WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS IN ACADEMIES.
In accordance with the views expressed in the report of 1864, and
under the general powers conferred upon the Regents for establish-
ing rules and regulations for the government of Academies, the
Board on the 27th of July, 1864, and as a first step toward a much
needed change, adopted the following:
Ordinance relative to the Examination and Classification of
Scholars and the Distribution of the Literature Fund.
"SECTION 1. The scholars in every Academy subject to the visita-
tion of the Regents of the University, shall be divided into two
classes, to be denominated Preparatory and Academic. Preparatory
scholars shall be those who pursue studies preliminary to the higher
branches of English education - the Academic scholars, those who
HISTORY OF WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS IN ACADEMIES.
457
having passed the examination in Preliminary studies hereinafter
provided for, shall pursue the higher branches of English education,
or the classics, or both.
§ 2. At the close of each Academic Term a public examination
shall be held of all scholars presumed to have completed preliminary
studies. This examination shall be conducted in the presence, and
under the direction of a committee of at least three persons, to be
appointed by the Trustees of the Academy. A record of the exam-
ination shall be kept, with the date at which it was held. To each
scholar who has sustained such examination, a certificate shall be
given in such form as the Regents shall prescribe, to be signed by the
committee above referred to, and the Principal of the Academy, and
the possession of such certificate shall entitle the person holding it to
admission into the academic class in any Academy, subject to the
visitation of the Regents without further examination.
§3. Scholars admitted to any Academy who have not received the
certificates of examination as aforesaid, and who claim or are pre-
sumed to be academic scholars, shall within one week of such admis-
sion be examined by the Principal and other teachers of the Acad-
emy, and if found to have completed the Preliminary studies, shall
be provisionally admitted to the academic class; but such admission
shall not excuse such scholar from the examination above required
at the close of the term, and the certificate as aforesaid shall be given
only on such examination; but said certificate may have effect as if
given at the commencement of the term, provided the committee
shall be satisfied that the scholar to whom it is given was at that
time entitled to it.
§ 4. Every scholar to be entitled to the certificate of admission to
the academic class, as aforesaid, shall on the required examination be
found to have attained such proficiency in reading, spelling and
writing as is usually attained by scholars at the age of twelve years
in the best Common Schools of the State, and to have such knowl-
edge of arithmetic, English grammar and geography that the further
study of these subjects in any of the ordinary school treatises is un-
necessary.
§ 5. All scholars admitted to the academic class as aforesaid shall
be regarded as scholars in the higher branches of English education
or as classical scholars; and having after such admission pursued
studies usually regarded as in advance of arithmetic, English gram-
mar and geography, as aforesaid, or having become thoroughly
proficient in the elementary works usually studied prior to the
classics, and in addition thereto having studied the first book of
Virgil, or its equivalent in Cæsar, Sallust or Cicero, shall entitle
the Academy to which they belong to a share in the distribution
of the Literature Fund, provided they have pursued such studies.
for four months or upwards of the year for which the distribution
is made; the said four months to embrace at least thirteen full
weeks of study."
58
458
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
It was afterward, but before the first trial of this method, de-
cided that the examinations should be held simultaneously through-
out the State, and by means of printed questions.
There was thus provided a means for knowing the scholarship
of students entering upon classical or higher English studies,
which had not existed before. The method was first tried in
November, 1865, and from the beginning was received favorably
among educators, as leading to great improvement in our mode
of ascertaining the exact condition of scholarship in the several
Academies of the State. The experience of the first year led to
some modifications, and the subject presented first as a means for
ascertaining the preparation of students at the time of entering
upon higher studies was not long afterward employed in determining
the progress made, and in fixing the basis upon which the Litera-
ture money should be apportioned.
From this beginning to the present time these written examina-
tions upon printed questions have been continued with increasing
favor, and steadily improving results, and in 1871 the Regents, in
their Annual Report, said:
"Its results, from the beginning, have clearly indicated serious
defects in elementary education, while the requirements of pre-
liminary proficiency have not been changed, either by the statute,
or the ordinances of the Regents; the number of scholars who
have been found to have made such proficiency has been reduced
to less than one-half the number allowed before this system of ex-
amination was instituted."
Before February, 1870, the certificates were allowed as claimed,
but since then they have been reviewed in the office of the Re-
gents. During the three years preceding the adoption of this
review, at the central office, all that were claimed were allowed.
Since then the percentage allowed has ranged from 64.3 to 90.6.
*
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 459
CHAPTER XX.
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS UPON THE
BASIS OF ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS ALLOWED UNDER THEIR RULES
TO PARTICIPATE IN THE INCOME OF LITERATURE Funds.
}
Academy of Dutchess County (Poughkeepsie).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1793
$515 00
1813
$230 00
1824
$229 12
1836
$111 83
1848
$138 27
1859
$159 05
1794
275 00
1814
320 00
1825
108 75
1837
98 36
1849
142 92
1860
143 20
1795
250 00
1815
370 00
1827
250 00
1839
346 69
1850
160 79
1861
192 19
1802
100 00
1816
300 00
1828
104 11
1840
512 93
1851
186 17
1862
184 81
1803
150 00
1817
87 50
1829
312 46
1841
451 12
1852
175 74
1863
151 18
1804
200 00
1818
145 28
1830
324 57
1842
481 45
1853
187 03
1864
167 67
1808
70 00
1819
307 40
1831
187 82
1843
458 88
1854
263 29
1865
191 75
1809
80 00
1820
165 09
1832
114 64
1844
440 31
1855
202 86
1866
115 68
1810
100 00
1821
50 00
1833
103 87
1845
321 80
1856
159 15
1867
171 38
1811
150 00
1822
262 50
1834
103 87
1846
228 60
1857
184 94
1868
91 01
1812
200 00 1823
134 14
1835
189 26
1847
187 37
1858
213 44
Addison Academy: (now) Addison Academy and Union School.
1848
138 27
1852
112 71
1865
58 70
1874
61 75
1878
31 17
1882
104 02
1849
152 61
1853
98 81
1871
19 82
1875
52 61
1879
53 99
1883
193 89
1850
98 26
1854
70 21
1872
27 64
1876
55 81
1880
76 31
1851
132 98
1855
26 59
1873
22 96
1877
36 03
1881
114 00
Adelphi Academy of Brooklyn.
1871
19 82
1872
1873
82 94
154 96
1874
1875
185 26 1876
247 28 1877
217 66 1878
236 78 1879
197 37 1880
171 78 1881
147 86
141 51
1882
1883
204 45
247 70
Afton Union School, Academic Department.
1872
117 49
1873
258 27
1874
1875
293 32
131 53
1876
1877
94 88 1878
82 36 1879
171 41
206 13
1880
1881
152 63
110 07
1882
125 54
1883
73 99
Albany Academy.
1816
200 00
1828
489 87
1839
566 99
1850
285 84
1861
268 02
1873
120 53
1817
234 50
1829
277 18
1840
505 68
1851
298 69
1862
288 66
1874
164 67
1818
408 60
1830
277 18
1841
485 83
1852
244 50
1863
302 57
1875
210 44
1819
377 00
1831
313 70
1842
496 46
1853
329 95
1864
244 22
1876
189 75
1820
239 78
1832
265 62
1843
524 38
1854
298 40
1865
201 54
1877
319 71
1821
167 50
1833
306 06
1844
513 06
1855
316 88
1866
213 04
1878
238 93
1822
450 00
1834
306 06
1845
473 08
1856
222 43
1867
175 03
1879
279 74
1823
378 04
1835
212 50
1846
462 92
1857
197 75
1868
203 69
1880
267 10
1824
399 50
1836
208 00
1847
486 57
1858
225 58
1869
104 07
1881
224 90
1825
589 00
1837
193 74
1848
449 38
1859
225 38
1870
42 86
1882
261 84
1826
450 97
1838
575 74
1849
455 37
1860
255 97
1871
33 04
1883
241 27
1827
604 83
Albany Female Academy.
1827
725 80
1834
410 34
1841
849 15
1848
912 04
1855
108 74
1861
292 70
1828
661 34
1835
474 64
1842
780 15
1849
755 68
1856
314 17
1862
260 36
1829
360 6୪
1836
553 49
1843
731 46
1850
573 92
1857
230 73
1863
211 61
1830
360 68
1837
411 09
1844
713 40
1851
509 41
1858
263 89
1864
213 23
1831
350 20
1838
1,064 36
1845
684 78
1852
555 87
1859
255 64
1865
205 45
1832
347 17
1839
1833
410 34
1840
1,106 49
847 27
1846
865 83
1883
423 47
1860
297 14
1874
72.04
1847
844 53
1854
405 48
Albany Female Seminary.
1828
281 70
1835
177 38
1841
115 49
1847
181 77
1853
329 37
1860
157 52
1829
115 50
1836
105 75
1842
134 77
1848
210 07
1854
296 65
1861
137 55
1830
115 50
1837
83 16
1843
203 74
1849
152 61
1855
68 69
1862
96 22
1831
204 28
1838
143 93
1844
313 04
1850
147 39
1856
76 70
1863
76 10
1832
142 13
1839
130 68
1845
230 00
1851
169 81
1857
47 60
1864
72.90
1833
171 68
1840
120 56
1846
171 45
1852
187 21
1859
107 90
1865
56 74
1834
171 68
Albany High School.
1874
1.286 50
1875
1,683 58
1876
1877
1878
1,942 18
1879
2,069 12
2,332 19
2,233 07
1880
1881
2,403 86
2,093 99
1882
2,168 63
1883
2,031 28
460
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Albion Academy : (now) Albion Union School, Academic Department (since 1876).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
Amount. Years. Amount.
Years. Amount.
1840 $104 26
1848
$374 92 1856
$339 42
1863
$306 28
1870
$262 52
1878
$233 74
1841
106 71
1849
363 33
1857
199 59
1864
297 08
1871
198 22
1879
240 48
1842
299 42
1850
328 28
1858
258 57
1865
225 02
1872
207 34
1880
305 25
1843
259 33
1851
272 10
1859
265 00
1866
255 71
1873
160 70
1881
251 92
1844
354 85
1852
359 12
1860
243 44
1867
390 16
1874
102 92
1882
309 67
1845
408 65
1853
322 89
1861
303 28
1868
450 71
1875
78 92
1883
206 36
1846
331 47
1854
182 55
1862
371 67
1869
294 12
1877
195 60
1847
503 35
1855
296 94
Alexander Classical School: Alexander Collegiate Seminary.
1838
254 41
1839
91 92
1841
149 29 1841
219 51
1842
110 00
1843
103 74
Alfred Academy.
1843
532 00
1848
808 34
1852
624 63
1856
588 11
1860
558 48
1564
515 78
1844
486 97
1849
620 05
1853
617 56
1857
628 09'
1861
516 64
1865
438 29
1845
452 18
)850
712 32
1854
633 67
1858
688 84
1862
373 54
1866
340 94
1846
751 53
1851
615 80
1855
443 19
1859
653 28
1863
516 25
1867
222 43
1847
774 61
Alfred University, Academic Department.
1868
316 36
1871
376 62
1874
684 12
1877
648 57
1880
1869
361 99
1872
615 09
1875
599 78
1878
581 75
1881
529 42
412 74
1882
509 66
1883
442 38
1870
385 74
1873
688 73
1876
675 30
1879
564 40
1877
$15 44
Almond Academy.
Amenia Seminary.
1836
103 65
1841
906 93
1846
482 92
1851
417 35
1856
358 57
1876
72 55
1837
218 84
1842
1,028 08
1847
637 58
1852
338 10
1857
307 64
1877
30 88
1838
802 76
1843
817 38
1848
611 57
1853
391 71
1858
234 79
1878
46 75
1839
1,050 98
1844
749 36
1849
498 94
1854
301 91
1874
15 44
1879
14 72
1840
776 09
1845
647 62
1850
455 57
1855
310 23
1875
78 92
Ames Academy.
1838
193 40
1844
267 58
1849
133 23
1854
91 28
1859
123 13
1864
49 21
1839
268 22
1845
205 38
1850
116 13
1855
48 75
1860
63 44
1867
58 34
1840
187 49
1846
142 88
1851
90 01
1856
90 12
1861
72 29
1868
30 34
1841
145 72
1847
198 55
1852
106 98
1857
164 81
1862
49 05
1869
18 10
1842
146 01
1848
146 25
1853
155 27
1858
130 21
1863
70 53
1870
21 13
1843
164 13
Amsterdam Female Seminary: (now) Amsterdam Academy.
1843
266 70 1850
207 69
1857
106 19
1863
102 09
1872
96 75
1878
477 86
1844
275 44
1851
184 12
1858
64 03
1864
91 13
1873
109 04
1879
480 97
1845
215 16
1852
191 02
1859
176 13
1868
8 68
1874
36 02
1880
419 72
1846
302 90
1853
158 80
1860
179 09
1869
126 69
1875
21 04
1881
161 16
1847
260 07
1854
52 66
1861
137 55
1870
144 65
1876
239 98
1882
39 46
1848
159 54
1855
88 64
1862
109 44
1871
158 58
1877
463 27
1883
48 25
1849
159 87
1356
168 74
Andes Collegiate Institute.
1863
1864
100 24
151 27
1865
105 66
1866
179 60
1867
164 09
1868
117 02
1869
104 07
Angelica Academy.
1860
1861
123 51
149 88
1862
1863
101 88 1864
118 80 1865
189 54
162 40
1866
1867
103 50
120 33
1868
1869
151 68
72 40
1875
1876
26 30
72 55
Angola Union School, Academic Department.
1876
1877
72 55
51 47
1878
1879
72 72 1880
39 26
57 23 1881
114 00
1882
114 89
1883
166 59
Arcade Academy: (now) Arcade Union School, Academic Department.
1864
1865
1866
271 18
166 32
480 98
1867
1868
1869
142 21
125 68
45 25
1871
1872
72 68
76 62
1874
1875
56 61
1877
52 61
1881
61 00
19 65
1882
1883
14 35
41 82
1873
45 91
1876
55 81
Argyle Academy.
1843
152 40
1850
142 92
1857
117 18
1844
146 90
1851
223 00
1858
137 77
1845
151 59
1852
191 02
1859
104 15
1864
- 1865
1866
96 60
1871
138 76
1878
25 97
144 78
1872
124 40
1879
29 45
91 32
1873
103 30
1880
14 31
1846
222 87
1853
70 57
1860
48 33
1867
171 38
1874
87 48
1881
7 86
1847
341 16
1854
71 97
1861
130 48
1868
73 67
1875
47 35
1882
7 18
1848
241 97
1855
106 37
1862
30 18
1869
190 04
1876
33 49
1883
6 43
1849
201 05
1856
92 04
1863
29 69
1870
283 95
1877
20 59
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 461
Astoria Institute.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1843 $186 43 1844 $198 98 1845 $205 15 1846 $134 31 1847
$114 65
1848
$143 59
Attica Union School, Academic Department.
1867
25 52
1870
64 29
1873
97 57
1886
50 23
1879
132 51
1882
1868
99 68
1871
66 07
1874
97 77
1877
108 10
1880
147 86
1883
254 24
130 72
1889
81 44
1872
48 38
1875
68 40
1878
129 85
1881
180 09
Auburn Academy.
1819
58 00
1830
226 60
1838
274 63
1846
317 19
1853
359 95
1860
193 32
1823
67 10
1831
165 60
1839
278 04
1847
114 65
1854
259 78
1861
239 79
1824
164 50
1832
206 00
1840
308 32
1848
335 04
1855
250 40
1862
256 59
1825
99 68
1833
229 38
1841
346 61
1849
339 10
1856
224 15
1863
232 13
1826
161 75
1834
229 37
1842
346 26
1850
417 60
1857
230 72
1864
145 81
1827
258 06
1835
211 22
1843
352 00
1851
419 40
1858
170 75
1865
119 36
1828
202 09
1836
116 63
1844
317 31
1852
404 96
1859
147 06
1866
295 28
1829
226 60
1837
97 33 1845
291 88
Auburn Academic High School.
1867
255 25
1870
283 95
1873
619 85
1876
759 02
1879
642 93
1882
1868
368 37
1871
356 80
1874
617 52
1877
766 97
1880
667 74
1883
573 89
505 05
1869
343 89
1872
442 31
1875
657 65
1878
831 07
1881
683 97
Auburn Female
Female Seminary.
1839
268 77
1841
354 58
1840
196 00
1842
200 83
1843
1844
166 24
314 23
1845
1846
330 06
1847
346 76
1849
373 02
357 19
1848
364 29
Augusta Academy.
1842
50 00
1848
143 59
1854
82 50
1860
78 76
1866
27 40
1872
62 20
1843
138 36
1849
84 78
1855
35 46
1861
45 84
1867
7 29
1873
28 70
1844
142 52
1850
89 33
1856
65 19
1862
62 26
1868
34 57
1874
77 19
1845
88 54
1851
67 51
1857
58 59
1863
20 41
1869
49 77
1875
36 83
1846
108 59
1852
84 06
1858
34 93
1864
49 21
1870
101 79
1876
50 22
1847
106 26
1853
77 64
1859
45 45
1865
31 31
1871
99 11
1877
5 15
Aurora Academy.
1838
368 95
1846
200 03
1854
221 17
1862
190 55
1870
562 54
1877
133 83
1839
263 78
1847
178 98
1855
150 47
1863
191 19
1871
654 13
1878
83 11
1840
312 49
1848
162 20
1856
189 83
1864
205 95
1871
670 38
1879
83 43
1841
265 24
1849
150 18
1857
164 81
1865
164 36
1872
430 45
1880
104 93
1842
201 35
1850
250 11
1858
195 98
1866
270 93
1874
447 70
1881
82 55
1843
165 97
1851
253 27
1859
181 83
1867
290 00
1875
273 58
1882
25 11
1844
170 76
1852
150 90
1860
130 67
1868
546 05
1876
234 40
1883
22 52
1845
168 27 1853
134 09
1861
123 45
1869
538 47
Avon Academy: (now) Avon Union School, Academic Department.
1841
19 24
1843
240 00 1844
136 48 1882
46 63
1883
91 99
Bainbridge Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
123 50
257 80
1877* 421 38
1878 197 37
1879
1880
166 87
140 09
1881
138 65
1882
Ball Seminary (Hoosick Falls).
204 78
1883
245 02
1844
91 08
1845
240 46
1848
1849
175 50
1846
1847
380 05
131 43
1850
60 56
67 00
1851
1852
1853
120 71
122 25
104 11
1854
1855
1856
77 23
121 88
103 54 1859
1857
75 07
1860
25 06
1858
69 09
1861
24 68
49 25
1862
28 30
Baldwinsville Academy: (now) Baldwinsville Free Academy.
1865
74 35
1866
66 97
1867
98 45
1869
1870
1871
135 74
203 59
270 90
1872
1873
1874
290 26
258 27
236 72
1875
1876
1877
284 10 1878
301 37 1879
190 45 1880
233 74
1881
208 33
152 15
190 78
1882
161 41
1883
171 28
1868
156 01
Ballston Academy.
1810
100 00
1811
100 00
1812
120 00
1813
1814
1815
170 00
120 00
120 00
1816
1817
1818
50 00 1819
112 00
143 10
58 00
1821
1820
35 38
1822
35 00
87 50
1823
97 58
1824
88 12
Batavia Female Academy.
1838
419 84
1839
203 83
1840
163 18
1841
64 04
1842
87 77
* One hundred and eighty-nine dollars and seventy-five cents of this allowed on thirty-four scholars at-
tending in 1875-6, and not included in the apportionment of that year.
462
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Batavia Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1861
$ 40 55
1865
$138 92
1869
$126 69
1873
$252 53
1877
1862
220 74
1866
210 05
1870
144 65
1874
205 84
1878
$319 14
296 07
1881
1882
$499 23
228 70
1863
206 04
1867
178 67
1871
198 22
1875
294 63
1879
304 29
1883
317 96
1864
193 19
1868
216 69
1872
248 80
1876
245 58
1880
252 79
1877
25 74
·
Bath-on-the-Hudson Union School.
Bethany Academy.
1843
124 48
1846
91 44
1850
58 06 1853
75 87
1855
1844
117 40
1847
310 41
1851
104 34
1854
143 93
1856
150 69
80 53
1857
47 60
1863
55 68
1845
48 09 1848
39 90
1852
166 19
Binghamton Academy: (now) Binghamton Central High School.
1943
376 00
1850
404 20
1857
230 73 1864
244 23
1871
165 18
1878
446 70
1844
207 82
1851
382 57
1858
194 54
1865
230 89
1872
152 04
1879
554 58
1845
236 49
1852
336 19
1859
138 19
1866
118 72
1873
407 50
1880
553 27
1846
288 61
1853
215 27
1860
311 46
1867
175 03
1874
473 43
1881
499 23
1847
304 82
1854
219 42
1861
370 29
1868
264 36
1875
557 69
1882
487 80
1848
244 63
1855
214 94
1862
411 30
1869
212 67
1876
435 32
1883
411 76
1849
385 13
1856
166 82
1863
324 95
1870
182 15
1877
344 88
Blooming Grove Academy.
1822
43 75
1823
97 58
1824
94 12
Boonville Union School, Academic Department.
1881
39 31
1882
57 39
1883
58 69
Bridge Hampton Literary and Commercial Institute.
1877
15 44
1879
49 08
1880
38 16 1881
19 65
1882'
17 94
1883
12 87
1878
72 72
Bridgewater Academy.
1828
281 70
1830
1829
83 16
1831
83 16
158 00
1832
1832
128 70
42 04
1834
1835
42 04
77 50
1836
54 25
1837
62 87
Brockport Collegiate Institute.
1813
451 25
1847
578 86
1851
362 11
1856
130 39
1860
263 13
1864
439 24
1844
530 93
1848
422 79
1852
454 63
1857
250 94
1861
238 04
1865
457 86
1845
524 03
1849
452 94
1853
428 76
1858
287 68
1862
335 83
1866
328 77
1846
691 53
1850
406 43
1854
229 95
1859
344 76
1863
202 33
Brookfield Academy: (now) Brookfield Union School, Academic Department.
1847
1848
240 89
1853
185 27
1858
131 94 1866
106 54
1871
6 61
1879
63 80
251 61
1854
315 80
1860
107 40
1867
65 64
1872
34 56
1880
57 23
1849
222 84
1855
618 25
1861
144 59
1868
26 00
1873
28 70
1881
139 69
1850
276 91
1856
281 69
1862
103 76
1869
58 82
1874
20 59
1882
133 91
1851
161 62
1857
108 03
1663
83 53
1870
10 72
1875
5 26
1883
171 20
1852
194 84
1
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.
1857
397 35
1863
417 66
1868
680 40
1872
836 24
1876
563 68
1880
696 36
1858
461 81
1864
413 73
1869
556 57
1873
728 90
1877
442 68
1881
605 35
1859
429 78
1865
328 72
1870
675 05
1874
859 38
1878
503 84
1882
616 93
1860
488 67
1866
310 50
1871
746 63
1875
615 56
1879
652 74
1883
672 30
1862
358 47
1867
247 96
1846
562 93
1848
800 36
1849
1847
908 82
Brooklyn Female Academy.
767 79 1850
Buffalo Central School.
741 35
1851
711 95
1852
659 02
1861
343 84
1865
361 98
1871
403 05
1875
1,473 13
1878
2,067 28
1881
1,603 07
1862
545 25
1866
420 09
1872
829 33
1876
1,607 33
1879
1,963 14
1882
1,203 44
1863
445 59
1867
849 61
1873
1,291 36
1877
1,770 72
1880
1,950 75
1883
1,235 10
1864
411 91
1868
359 70
1874
1,430 59
Buffalo Female Academy.
1852
213 94
1853
213 49
1854
1855
205 37
250 39
1856
1857
1858
237 77
1859
113 64
1862
194 10
159 11
1860
116 35
1863
198 10
293 29
1865
375 68
1868
160 35
1866
1861
183 38
1864
535 35
1867
322 68
284 42
1869
1870
113 12
64 29
Buffalo High School Association; Buffalo Literary and Scientific Academy.
1829
1830
266 94
266 94
1831
1832
166 67 1833
174 29 1840
73 08
156 24
1841
1842
170 73
134 23
1843
1844
85 59
1845
96 06
64 91
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 463
Cambridge Washington Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
Amount. Years. Amount.
1816
$150 00
1829
$241 13
1838
$222 41
1847
$237 70
1856
$122 72
1865
$242 63
1817
234 50
1830
· 241 13
1839*
159 29
1848
297 81
1857
135 49
1866
203 96
1818
181 60
1831
214 43
1840
170 12
1849
339 10
1858
133 89
1867
113 04
1819
168 20
1832
116 96
1841
145 72
1850
279 14
1859
232 87
1868
147 35
1820
86 48
1833
65 14
1842
81 11
1851
325 29
1860
234 49
1869
244 34
1821
45 00
1834
65 14
1843
61 56
1852
319 00
1861
238 04
1870
305 38
1822
125 00
1835
92 26
1844
170 51
1853
305 25
1862
181 12
1871
244 47
1823
182 92
1836
89 39
1845
259 17
1854
168 51
1863
228 32
1872
207 34
1824
129 25
1837
119 47
1846
280 04
1855
144 04
1864
236 93
1873
103 30
1828
183 72
Cambridge Union School, Academic Department.
1875
26 30
1877
30 89 1875
1876
44 65
1878
46 75 1880
58 89
38.16
1881
30 31 1882
50 22
1883
24 08
Camden Union School, Academic Department.
1879
19 63
1880
62 00 1881
39 11
1882
25 11
1883
25 74
Canajoharie Academy; (now) Canajoharie Union School, Academic Department.
1828
318 41
1836
61 46
1844
178 38
1852
139 44
1860
186 16
1867
32 82
1829
221 45
1837
124 79
1845
168 70
1853
162 33
1861
165 75
1868
117 02
1830
225 30
1838
294 93
1846
254 32
1854
122 87
1862
18 86
1878
46 75
1831
151 67
1839
201 16
1847
229 31
1855
159 55
1863
141 07
1879
49 08
1832
80 41
1840
215 27
1848
241 97
1856
128 47
1864
107 54
1880
23 85
1833
80 42
1841
197 54
1849
133 23
1857
144 65
1865
133 05
1881
47 17
1834
80 42
1842
266 06
1850
37 97
1858
190 18
1866
106 54
1883
83 12
1835
104 30
1843
222 74
1851
83 88
1859
206 40
Canandaigua Academy.
1803
375 00
1826
153 19
1838
711 26
1850
200 99
1362
192 44
1874
247 01
1808
110 00
1827
161 29
1839
671 92
1851
241 40
1863
181 91
1875
242 01
1811
100 00
1828
163 35
1840
629 15
1852
217 76
1864
185 90
1876
223 24
1812
150 00
1829
146 20
1841
494 02
1853
174 68
1865
199 58
1877
190 45
1814
200 00
1830
146 20
1842
429 36
1854
184 31
1866
225 27
1878
166 21
1816
100 00
1831
192 30
1843
384 60
1855
177 27
1867
244 31
1879
250 30
1819
75 40
1832
196 84
1844
400 49
1856
162 99
1868
312 03
1880
190 78
1820
94 34
1833
169 55
1845
354 60
1857
151 98
1869
375 57
1881
197 61
1821
77 50
1834
169 55
1846
325 76
1858
168 81
1870
358 95
1882
224 24
1822
206 25
1835
289 98
1847
237 70
1859
191 22
1871
416 26
1883
142 86
1823
195 11
1836
235 98
1848
292 49
1860
198 69
1872
338 64
1825
145 00
1837
337 77
1849
201 05
1861
190 45
1873
315 67
1880
23 85
1881
Canaseraga Union School, Academic Department.
27 52
1882
28 70
1883
38 60
Canastota Union School, Academic Department.
1872
13 82
1874
1873
40 18
1875
46 31
47 35
1876
1877
44 65
41 18
1878
1879
25 97 1880
34 35
23 85
1882
54 46
1881
15 72
1883
61 90
Candor Free Academy.
1871
6 61
1874
36 02
1876
1872
76 02
1875
57 87
1877
72 55 1878
102 95
67 52
1880
85 85
1882
48 04
1879
93 25
1881
78 62
1883
79 34
1873
120 53
Canisteo Academy.
1872
62 20
1875
1874
25 73
1876
26 30
33 49
1877
1878
25 74 1879
78 52
51 94 1880
95 39
1881
1882
78 62
89 67
1883
154 94
Canton Academy: (now) Canton Union School, Academic Department.
1839
92 20 1847
226 51
1855
1840
170 12
1848
135 61
1856
79 13
113 13
1863
118 80
1870
176 80
1877
190 45
1864
83 85
1871
198 22
1878
93 49
1841
142 49
1849
133 23
1857
93 36
1865
115 44
1872
241 90
1879
68 71 #
1842
90 85
1850
156 32
1858
114 48
1866
140 03
1873
126 27
1880
114 47
1843
108 44
1851
124 80
1859
130 62
1867
94 80
1874
164 67
1881
166 14
1844
110 18
1852
126 07
1860
96 66
1868
147 35
1875
147 31
1882
75 33
1845
1846
88 02
185 74
1853
130 57
1861
109 32
1869
180 99
1876
184 17
1883
77 20
1854
108 83
1862
79 24
Carthage Union School, Academic Department.
1872
1873
48 38
80 35
1874
1875
82 34
57 87
1876
1877
61 39 1878
108 10 1879
93 49 1880
78 52
1881
71 54
74 69
1882
57 39
1883
57 90
Carey Collegiate Seminary.
1845
62 51
1852
227 31
1858
1846
280 04
1853
333 48
1859
203 74 1864
117 39 1866
122 12
1871
112 32
1877
41 18
97 41
1872
152 04
1879
24 54
1847
316 00
1854
337 02
1860
150 36
1867
105 74
1873
132 01
1880
33 39
1848
380 24
1855
336 81
1861
139 30
1868
138 68
1874
113 21
1881
15 72
1849
176 83
1856
209 01
1862
79 24
1869
171 91
1875
126 27
1882
25 11
1850
1851
245 64
206 63
1857
183 14
1863
96 52
1870
123 22
1876
66 97
1883
38 66
464
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Castile Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1874
1875
$46 31
42 09
1876
1877
$27 91
46 33
1878
$67 52
1879
29 45
1880
1881
$57 23
55 03
Catskill Academy.
1882
$68 15
1883
$95 64
1804
200 00
1809
80 00
1808
80 00
1810
100 00
1811
1812
75.00
75.00
1813
110 00
1815
50 00
1822
262 50
1814
80 00
1816
14.00
Catskill Free Academy.
1867
138 56
1870
133 94
1873
195 14
1876
161 85
1879
147 24
1882
89 67
1868
95 34
1871
151 97
1874
164 67
1877
92 65
1880
190 78
1883
101 86
1869
104 07
1872
172 78
.1875
189 40
1878
124 66
1881
98 27
Cayuga Academy.
1803
375 00
1815
140 00
1824
141 12
1833
76 46
1844
172 53
1852
70 69
1804
100 00
1816
140 00
1825
145 00
1831
76 46
1845
242 77
1853
56 47
1808
70 00
1817
350 00
1826
102 14
1837
97 33
1846
242 89
1854
10 54
1809
100 00
1818
118 04
1827
120 96
1838
302 86
1847
290 83
1855
28 80
1810
150 00
1819
220 40
1828
73 49
1839
259 50
1848
255 27
1856
30 68
1811
100 00
1820
51 10
1829
87 72
1840
174 99
1849
283 39
1857
109 86
1812
150 00
1821
42 50
1830
87 72
1841
378 48
1850
261 28
1858
168 81
1813
200 00
1822
175 00
1831
213 67
1842
557 48
1851
194 36
1859
125 00
1814
210 00
1823
164 62
1832
164 84
1843
273 80
Cayuga Lake Academy (Aurora).
1860
146 78
1864
138 52
1869
1861
163 98
1865
1862
141 50
1866
123 27
170 47
1870
1871
31 67 1872
96 44 1873
19 82
1874
41 47
34 44 1876
25 73 1877
1875
36 83
39 07
1878
1879
41 55
29 45
41 81
1881
23 59
1863
161 49
Cazenovia Seminary; (formerly) Seminary of the Genesee Conference - Seminary
of the Oneida and Genesee Conference – Oneida Conference Seminary and Cen-
tral New York Conference Seminary.
1827
1828
233 87 1837
202 09
1838
229 52 1847
648 77
1857
446 81
1866
773 21
1875
968 06
655 34
1848
646 14
1858
500 62
1867
725 63
1876
1,010 16
1829
158 76
1839
535 82
1849
634 58
1859
666 52
1868
697 74
1877
494 15
1830
158 76
1840
590 08
1850
752 52
1860
721 37
1869
574 67
1878
410 34
1831
203 14
1841
641 45
1851
732 40
1861
687 68
1870
487 53
1879
279 74
1832
234 22
1842
565 00
1852
744 98
1862
609 92
1871
303 94
1880
162 16
1833
237 52
1843
390 66
1853
748 11
1863
616 29
1872
808 60
1881
188 68
1834
237 52
1844
548 81
1854
668 77
1864
739 97.
1873
912 56
1882
329 99
1835
362 62
1845
528 08
1855
642 62
1865
757 23
1874
879 97
1883
371 51
1836
376 30 1846
585 79
1856
536 34
Randolph Academy Association: (now) Chamberlain Institute.
1850
1851
167 49
1856
325 97
1862
356 58
1868
268 69
1874
277 88
1879
353 37
347 79
1857
245 39
1863
378 68
1869
280 54
1875
310 41
1880
271 87
• 1852
374 40
1858
168 81
1864
359 05
1870
262 52
1876
295 79
1881
188 68
1853
262 91
1859
232 89
1865
369 81
1871
284 12
1877
355 17
1882
211 62
1854
1855
259 78
113 01
1860
207 64
1866
60 88
1872
304 08
1878
384 37
1833
167 28
1861
354 44
1867
69 28
1873
309 93
Champlain Academy: (now) Champlain Union School, Academic Department.
1843
93 79
1850
42 43
1855
330 17
1860
109 19
1865
103 70
1870
1844
125 92
1851
40 92
1856
329 81
1861
111 08
1866
109 59
1871
155 37
59 47
1845
110 02
1852
124 16
1857
159 35
1862
100 00
1867
61 99
1873
17 22
1846
68 59
1853
104 11
1858
147 47
1863
111 37
1868
199 35
1874
5 15
1848
63 82
1854
168 51
1859
126 90
1864
147 64
1869
199 09
1875
10 52
1849
101 74
Chateaugay Union School,
Academic Department.
1882
14 35
1883
61 12
Cherry Valley
Academy.
1809
70 00
1820
35 38
1820
199 20
1838
106 39
1847
159 40
1856
329 81
1811
100 00
1821
10 00
1830
199 20
1839
69 60
1848
364 29
1857
146 49
1812
120 00
1822
81 25
1831
202 58
1840
17 97
1849
222 83
1858
124 18
1813
170 00
1823
73 20
1832
211 20
1841
297 82
1850
189 82
1859
157 18
1815
110 00
1824
111 63
1833
147 60
1842
250 00
1851
137 07
1860
161 10
1816
150 00
1825
190 30
1834
147 60
1843
339 11
1852
271 25
1861
123 47
1817
189 00
1826
212 77
1835
163 12
1844
366 89
1853
257 61
1862
32 07
1818
136 20
1827
298 38
1836
71 75
1845
115 99
1854
208 89
1864
200 49
1819
243 60
1828
416 39
1837
77 48
1846
177 17
1855
217 16
1865
167 73
Chester Academy: (now) Chester Union School, Academic Department.
1844
228 62
1851
104 34
1858
56 26
1864
1845
1
233 30
1852
57 32
1859
34 06
1865
165 85
205 45
1870
101 79
1878
51 94
1873
22 96
1879
68 71
1346
200 03
1853
81 16
1860
73 39
1866
97 41
1874
41 17
1880
42 93
1847
167 79
1854
84 25
1861
132 24
1867
69 28
1875
68 40
1883
23 59
1848
79 77
1855
90 85
1862
154 70
1868
117 02
1877
56 62
1882
17 94
1849
84 78
1856
61 36
1863
176 34
1869
108 60
1877
89 29*
1883
16 08
1850
73 70
1857
25 62
On 16 scholars attending in 1875-6, not included in the apportionment of that year.
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 465
Chili Seminary.
$10 52
1876
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
1875
Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
$11 16
1878
$15 58 1880
$14 31
1881
$3.93
1882
$14.35
Cincinnatus Academy.
1858
184 34
1863
191 19
1868
212 35
1872
48 38
1876
189 75
1880
52 47
1859
215 89
1864
176 78
1869
108 60
1873
132 01
1877
164 72
1881
53 24
1860
211 22
1865
270 02
54. 30
1874
118 36
- 1878
93 49
1882
83 15
1861
185 14
1866
298 33
1870
117 87
1875
168 36
1879
39 26
1883
83 34
-1862
32 07 1867
247 66
1871
66 07
Clarence Academy: (now) Clarence Classical Union School.
1858
91 20
1862
113 20
1866
152 21.
1869
158 37
1872
124 40
1875
147 31
1859
58 73
1863
126 22
1867
43 76
1870.
117 87
1873
223 83
1876
139 52
1860
103 82
1864
109 36
1868
138 68
1871
105 72
1874
159 53
1877
159 57
1861
88 18
1865
72 40
Clarkson Academy.
1835
75 84
1839
147 93
1843
59 66
1846
185 74
1850
33 50
1853
63 52
1836
87 50
1840
104 26
1844
56 04
1847
61 53
1851
61 37
1854
38 61
1837
90 30
1841
79 28
1845
43 28
1848
39 90
1852
70 69
1856
82 45
1838
260 80
1842
· 108 42
Claverack Academy: (now) Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute.
1838
128 78
1846
82 87
1854
50 91:
1862
622 66
1870
621 47
1877
370 61
1839
106 49
1847.
78 31
1855
1,389 39
1863
573 69
1871
614 48
1878
394 76
1840
170 79
1848
63 82
1856
693 39
1864
710 80
1872
677 29
1879
314 10
1841
112 09
1849
33 94
1857
893 61
1865
745 48
1873
975 70
1880
367 26
1842
46 11
1850
40 20
1858
712 12
1866
791 48
1874
602 08
1881
487 43
1843
163 66
1851
42 97
1859
903 03
1867
765 74
1875
473 51
1882
542 80
1844
127 51
1852
40 13
1860
723 16
1868
754 07
1876
357 18
1883
313 05
1845
78 41
1853
49 40
1861
603 05
1869
764 62
Clermont Academy.
1838
53 08
1839
44 76
1840
80 37
Clinton Academy.
1793
215 00
1815
55 00
1824
41 25
1835
71.00
1844
67 74
1853
31 76
1794
325 00
1816
100 00
1825
108 75
1836
35 45
1845
28 16
1855
44 31
1795
300 00
1817
175 00
1826
85 11
1837
29 51
1846
45 73
1856
53 69
1804
200 00
1818
131 72
1827
80 64
1838
80 27
1847
44 75
1858
34 08
1808
70 00
1819
319 00
1830
660 00
1839
130 01
1848
37 24
1861
51 73
1809
70 00
1820
47 17
1831
109 96
1840
35 84
1849
36 34
1862
28 30
1810
100 00
1821
41.50
1832
87 91
1841:
61 10
1850
29 03
1863
31 55
1811
100 00
1822
93 75
1833
105 29
1842
55 18
1851
38 88
· 1864
34 63
1812
140 00
1823
60 97
1834
96 00
1843
124 29
1852
13 40
1865
29 35
1814
160 00
Clinton Grammar School.
1827
104 83
1837
40 94
1847
178 98
1857
153 80
1866
118 72
1875
163 10
1828
67 36
1838
140 44
1848
239 31
1858
133 89
1867
145 86
1876
200 91
1829
52.92
*1839
118 32
1849
237 38
1859
75 73
1868
186 35
1877
200 75
1830
51.92
1840
101 87
1850
149 62
1860
55 49
1869
230 77
1878
202 57
1831
76 19
1841
123 13
1851
67 51
1861
74 05
1870
166 08
1879
147 24
1832
68 93
1842
145 00
1852
143 26
1862
107 54
1871
211 43
1880
166 93
1833
34 73
1843
48 84
1853
188 80
1863
100 24
1872
152 04
1881
102 20
1834
34 73
1844
130 38
1854
131 65
1864
129 40
1873
149 23
1882
43 04
1835
32 96
1845.
302 20
1855
126 30
1865
115 44
1874
159 53
1883
33 74
1836
49 02
1846
262 89
1856
138 06
Clinton Liberal Institute.
1835
166 47
1843
274 01
1851
540 10
1859
119 28
1867
200 55
1875
26 30
1836
204 79
1844
548 81
1852
517 66
1860
204 06
1868
164 68
1876
33 49
1837
166 66
1845
369 35
1853
404 05
1861
223 93
1869
271 49
1877
5 15
1838
497 84
1846
360 05
1854
261 54
1862
260 36
1870
316 09
1880
100 16
1839
511 46
1847
458 62
1855
197 21
1863
334 23
1871
204 83
1881
208 33
1840
371 54
1848
470 65
1856
233 94
1864
235 10
1872
179 69
1882
204 45
1841
317 86
1849
370 60
1857
1842
172 50
1850
464 49
1858
157 47
42 69
1865
264 15
1873
149 23
1883
183 36
1866
194 83
1874
97 77
Clinton Seminary.
1841
312 50
1842
330 00
1843
387 95 1844
230 44
Clover Street Seminary (Brighton).
1848
249 95
1849
191 36
1850
1851
+
71 95
214 81
1852
1853
242 59 1854
213 49 1855
238 72 1856
254 91
182 16
1857
190 43
1881
102 20
1882
89 67
1883
Clyde High School.
64 34
Cobleskill Union School, Academic Department.
1873
1874
200 88
92 63
1874
1875
199 93
89 29
1877
1878
82 36
67 52
1879
1880
68 71
57 23
1881
1882
117 93
200 54
1883
137 37
59
466
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Colgate Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1876 $933 49 1880 $47 70 1881 $43 24 1882
1874
1875
$41 17
15 78
1803
475 00
Columbia Academy (Kinderhook).
Gook Academy (Havana).
$32 28 1883
$35 39
1874
1875
185 26
242 01
1876
1877
407 41
452 97
1878
1879
394 76 1880
407 35 1881
224 17
188 68
1882
172 82
1883
152 98
Cooperstown Union School, Academic Department.
1873
45 91
1875
1874
56 61
1876
115 75
145 10
1877
1878
195 60
1879
215 94
1881
181 80
1880
162 16
1882
276 54
308 70
1883
288 23
Corning (Free) Academy.
1860
139 62
1864
189 55
1868
199 35
1872
490 70
1876
440 90
1880
200 32
1861
156 93
1865
180 01
1869
443 44
1873
413 24
1877
272 81
1881
160 44
1862
128 29
1866
112 63
1870
466 10
1874
483 72
1878
176 60
1882
154 24
1863
183 76
1867
167 73
1871
455 91
1875
426 16
1879
176 69
1833
207 06
Cortlandville Academy.
1842
121 20
1847
430 66
1852
280 80
1857
303 96
1862
433 94
1866
353 12
1843
348 76
1848
353 65
1853
238 20
1858
312 40
1863
469 74
1867
291 71
1844
332 71
1849
249 49
1854
270 31
1859
335 17
1864
570 45
1868
268 69
1845
283 68
1850
314 87
1855
272 54
1860
399 17
1865
383 50
1869
203 62
1846
234 32
1851
272 10
1856
312 55
1861
439 16
Coxsackie Academy: (now) Coxsackie Union School, Academic Department.
1838
1839
113 63
1843
26 72
1849
58 14
1853
26 47
1867
182 32
1872
27 64
79 02
1845
20 92
1850
62 53
1864
61 97
1868
130 01
1874
10 30
1840
80 37
1846
88 59
1851
65 46
1865
123 27
1869
58 82
1882
25 11
1841
105 30
1847
137 03
1852
68 78
1866
164 38
1870
32 15
1883
48 25
1842
92 20
1848
90 41
1883
9 65
1883
53 25
Crown Point Union School, Academic Department.
Cuba Union School, Academic Department.
Dansville Seminary.
1859
238 61
1863
168 92
1867
171 38 1871
105 72
1875
110 49
1879
53 99
1860
250 60
1864
151 28
1868
177 68
1872
158 95
1876
106 04
1880
38 16
1861
239 88
1865
174 14
1869
144 79
1873
258 27
1877
72 06
1881
51 10
1862
160 36
1866
164 38
1870
80 36
1874
205 84
1878
83 11
1882
28 70
Delancey Institute.
1842
215 00
1843
241 45
1845
100 73
1846
217 17
1847
209 74
Delaware Academy.
1822
81 25
1834
107 45
1844
458 40
1854
238 72
1864
344 45
1874
97 77
1823
48 87
1835
128 63
1845
376 37
1855
250 39
1865
330 67
1875
99 96
1824
41 25
1836
77 55
1846
342 90
1856
289 54
1866
310 50
1876
122 78
1825
117 81
1837
91 08
1847
329 99
1857
261 85
1867
240 66
1877
128 69
1826
127 67
1838
337 11
1848
220 70
1858
360 91
1868
195 02
1878
93 49
1827
64 57
1839
402 04
1849
210 73
1859
401 36
1869
153 84
1879
132 51
1828
171 47
1840
592 75
1850
245 65
1860
390 22
1870
80 36
1880
81 08
1829
205 57
1841
621 57
1851
241 40
1861
405 55
1871
85 89
1881
51 10
1830
789 23
1842
471 63
1852
229 22
1862
462 24
1872
82 93
1882
126 95
1832
218 38
1843
487 64
1853
215 27
1863
400 96
1873
68 87
1883
146 94
1833
107 45
Delaware Literary Institute.
1838
212 11
1846
337 19
1854
551 67
1862
303 75
1870
594 68
1877
272 81
1839
298 95
1847
461 42
1855
438 79
1863
276 58
1871
779 67
1878
233 74
1840
525 77
1848
454 69
1856
452 12
1864
266 10
1872
805 69
1879
181 59
1841
502 70
1849
663 65
1857
433 98
1865
258 28
1873
585 42
1880
171 70
1842
500 00
1850
600 72
1858
397 78
1866
252 66
1874
524 89
1881
195 09
1843
511 02
1851
478 72
1859
399 49
1867
299 00
1875
530 59
1882
225 00
1844
458 40
1852
542 49
1860
363 37
1868
281 69
1876
323 70
1883
116 29
1845
407 73
1853
606 97
1861
419 66
1869
307 69
Deposit Academy: (now) Deposit Union School, Academic Department.
1868
1869
1870
117 02
208 14
139 30
1871
66 07
1872
34 56
1874
1875
1873
109 04
1876
97 77 1877
15 78 1878
33 49 1879
56 62 1880
62 33 1881
73 62
109 70 1882
94 34 1883
53 80
41 82
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 467
De Ruyter Institute: (now) De Ruyter Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1837
$59 94
1847
$92 29
1854
$193 08
1861
$151 64
1867
$142 21
1878
$51 94
1838
306 38
1848
343 02
1855
214 94
1862
71 69
1868
121 35
1879
98 16
1839
187 92
1849
278 55
1856
205 17
1862
83 53
1869
72 40
1880
147 86
1840
170 79
1850
232 25
1857
155 63
1864
41 92
1870
69 65
1881
140 79
1841
117 41
1851
200 49
1858
124 14
1865
125 23
1871
79 29
1882
83 91
1842
152 50
1852
1843
189 90
1853
183 38
211 73 1860
1859
94 66
1866
82 19
1877
10 30
1883
25 74
98 45
Dryden Union School, Academic Department.
1873
86 09
1874
92 63
1875
1876
94 70 1877
139 52 1878
154 42 1879
171 41 1880
157 06
143 09
1881
1882
66 83
1883
83 47
50 22
Dundee Academy.
1855
270 34
1857
1856
220 51
1858
239 89
205 69
1860
1861
270 73
102 27
1862
1863
116 97
79 82
1864
182 25
1866
146 12
1865
185 88
1867
91 16
Dundee Preparatory School.
1882
86 09
1883
112 50
Dunkirk Union School, Academic Department.
1873
1875
129 27
152 58
1876
1877
200 91
241 93
1878
1879
218 16
230 66
1880
1881
219 40
235 85
1882
225 97
1883
221 45
East Bloomfield Academy.
1839
55 60
1845
76 38
1851
212 76
1857
177 62
1863
53 83
1870
139 30
1840
266 65
1846
142 88
1852
154 73
1858
100 90
1864
113 00
1871
85 89
1841
195 22
1847
246 09
1853
220 57
1859
37 87
1865
109 57
1872
48 38
1842
159 28
1848
249 95
1854
277 34
1860
71 60
1867
65 64
1873
45 91
1843
267 28
1849
186 52
1855
292 50
1861
51 13
1868
221 02
1874
72 04
1844
197 16
1850
247 88
1856
210 92
1862
116 97
1869
217 19
1875
68 40
East Genesee Conference Seminary (Ovid).
1865
250 45
1867
226 08
1868
164 68 1869
149 32
1870
117 87
1871
39 65
1866
219 18
East Hamburgh Friend's Institute.
1872
48 38
1873
51 65
1883
9 65
1874
25 73
1875
52 61 1876
100 46
1877
46 33
·
East Springfield Academy.
Egbert's High School.
1872
152 04
1874
1873
114 79
1875
97 77
121 01
1876
1877
133 94 1878
190 45
1879
202 57
196 31
1880
1881
244 17
153 31
1882
1883
126 19
150 94
Elizabethtown Union School, Academic Department.
1868
1869
1870
121 35
54 30
107 15
1871
1872
1873
138 76 1874
158 95 1875
189 40 1876
97 77
94 70
1877
1878
89 29
1879
138 98
67 52
63 80
1880
1881
57 23
62 89
1882
70 98
1883
120 47
Ellington Academy: (now) Ellington Union School, Academic Department.
1852
59 23
1857
91 55
1862
213 18
1872
290 26
1876
122 78
1880
81 08
1853
181 73
1858
219 26
1863
129 94
1873
378 80
1877
108 10
1881
78 62
1854
87 76
1859
302 96
1864
154 91
1874
339 64
1878
77 91
1882
68 15
1855
79 77
1860
157 52
1866
63 93
1875
273 58
1879
103 07
1883
25 74
1856
120 80
1861
158 69
1867
72 93
Elmira Academy.
1841
206 73
1844
1842
275 60
1845
1843
292 00
1846
313 28
405 41
231 46
1847
1848
1849
282 44
446 72
501 36
1850
1851
1862
330 51
147 30
241 49
1863
1864
200 48
231 47
1865
258 28
1866
222 22
Elmira (Free) Academy.
1867
269 83
1870
1868
277 36
1871
1869
339 37
1872
444 67
455 91
3.59 38
1873
1874
1875
493 59 1876
468 29 1877
457 72 1878
491 13
1879
593 85
514 74
1880
567 58
1882
1883
416 07
398 90
602 53
1881
416 67
Erasmus Hall.
1793
375 00
1816
150 00
1827
346 77
1837
610 70
1847
153 81
1857
60 41
1794
325 00
1817
49 00
1828
251 08
1838
996 20
1848
127 64
1858
97 02
1795
400 00
1818
186 14
1829
895 00
1839
660 54
1849
128 39
1859
102 25
1804
200 00
1819
168 20
1830
895 00
1840
437 10
1850
116 13
1860
94 87
1808
100 00
1820
62 89
1831
260 11
1841
281 60
1851
143 20
1861
56 42
1809
100 00
1821
25 00
1832
278 28
1842
447 21
1852
166 19
1862
64 14
1810
150 00
1822
125 00
1833
169 41
1843
353 53
1853
121 75
1863
31 55
1811
100 00
1823
79 26
1831
169 40
1844
320 27
1854
89 53
1864
27 35
1812
120 00
1824
111 67
1835
326 50
1845
354 05
1855
110 80
1865
46.96
1813
200 00
1825
253 75
1836
547 62
1846
142 88
1856
61 37
1875
10 52
1814
140 00 1826
323 40
468
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Essex County Academy.
1839
$192 78
1840
$142 35
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1842
1841
$126 54
$93 79
Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1843
$171 63
Evans Academy.
1865
29 35
1869
54 30
1872
41 47
1875
42 09
1878
20 78
1881
811 79
1866
45 66
1870
85 72
1873
17 22
1876
39 07
1879
19 63
1882
25 11
1867
51 05
1871
72 68
1874
36 02
1877
36 03
1880
23 85
1883
16 08
1868
60 67
Fairfield Academy.
1803
375 00
1820
102 20
1833
109 68
1847
444 84
1860
569 22
1873
183 66
1804
100 00
1821
47 50
1834
109 68
1848
412 15
1861
532 54
1874
190 40
1808
100 00
1822
187 50
1835
110 80
1849
501 36
1862
313 19
1875
110 49
1809
160 00
1823
134 14
1836
231 87
1850
408 67
1863
237 60
1876
156 27
1810
230 00
1824
146 87
1837
225 67
1851
374 38
1864
255 16
1877.
164 72
1811
100 00
1825
253 75
1838
478 66
1852
332 37
1865
217 19
1878
140 24
1812
250 00
1826
314 89
1839
444 25
1853
342 31
1866
295 28
1879
68 71
1814
130 00
1827
209 67
1840
364 58
1854
293 14
1867
339 11
1880
104 93
1815
420 00
1828
300 05
1841
401 54
1855
890 81
1868
303 36
1881
102 20
1816
500 00
1829
126 00
1842
330 95
1856
628 34
1869
330 32
1882
35 87
1817
196 00
1830
126 00
1843
381 00
1857
611 60
1870
369 67
1883
73 47
1818
284 00
1831
87 48
(1845
278 73
1858
597 64
1871
363 40
1819
272 60
1832
126 40
1846
377 19
1859
609 70
1872
207 33
Fairport Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
41 17
47 35
1876
1877
55 81
66 92
1878
1879
62 33
68 52
1880
1881
81 08
86 48
1882
78 91
1883
49 04
Falley Seminary : (formerly) Fulton Female Seminary: (formerly) Fulton
Academy.
1839
1840
302 66 1847
233 71
262 87
1855
370 06
1863
423 33
1870
417 89
1877
102 95
1848
218 04
1856
256 94
1864
384 56
1871
363 40
1878
62 33
1841
226 22
1849
375 44
1857
285 66
1865
381 55
1872
76 02
1879
34 35
1842
267 50
1850
540 42
1858
370 62
1866
407 92
1873
80 35
1880
52 47
1843
217 04
1851
626 02
1859
386 23
1867
484 97
1874
87 48
1881
70 03
1844
288 06
1852
527 21
1860
404 54
1868
481 05
1875
99 96
1882
718
1845
271 67
1853
534 63
1861
365 00
1869
538 47
1876
78 13
1883
12 87
1846
240 03
1854
456 38
1862
366 01
Farmers' Hall (Goshen).
1793
440 00
1813
120 00
1828
42 07
1841
244 36
1850
267 98
1859
75 75
1794
275 00
1814
70.00
1833
60 96
1842
140 42
1851
202 54
1860
127 09
1795
325 00
1821
27 94
1834
60 96
1843
286 80
1852
171 92
1861
68 76
1804
200 00
1822
68 75
1835
110 73
1844
419 14
1853
141 16
1862
75 46
1808
70 00
1823
85 36
1836
49 10
1845
418 34
1854
143 93
1863
31 55
1809
70 00
1824
70 50
1837
83 61
1846
317 19
1855
137 39
1864
38 28
1810
100 00
1825
99 68
1838
252 29
1847
316 00
1856
113 13
1865
72 40
1811
100 00
1826
110 65
1839
243 76
1848
292 49
1857
97 04
1866
9 13
1812
80 00
1827
64 57
1840
240 85
1849
346 38
1858
79 56
Fayetteville Academy.
1838
274 63
1841
1839
162 19
1840
266 65
1842
1843
167 34
159 28
127 13
1844
1845
1846
132 48
106 39
125 73
1847
58 73
1850
185 35
1848
124 98
1851
225 04
1853
1854
146 45
86 02
1849
111 42
1852
158 55
1883
61 12
Fayetteville Union School, Academic Department
Flushing High School.
1877
36 03
1879
83 43
1880
1878
57 13
1846
65 74
1847
69 92
1848
114 47 1881
70 03
1882
109 02
1883
93 29
Fonda Academy.
82 43
Forestville Free Academy.
1867
123 98
1870
917 89
1873
585 42
1876
373 93
1879
1868
156 01
1871
330 37
1874
468 29
1877
303 70
1869
271 49
1872
580 53
1875
378 81
1878
535 00
1880
1881
436 80
372 03
1882
1883
136 30
175 19
149 38
Fort Covington Academy.
1832
84 06
1842*
100 58
1851
49 10
1861
179 85
1869
185 52
1877
61 77
1833
65 14
1843
102 58
1854
49 89
1862
197 48
1870
166 08
1878
62 33
1836
69 83
1844
398 74
1855
110 80
1863
174 49
1871
237 86
1879
44 17
1837
. 31 86
1846
71 45
1856
172 57
1864
109 35
1872
228 06
1880
38 16
1838
116 04
1847
47 54
1857
64 08
1865
146 75
1873
103 30
1881
43 24
1839
100 58
1848
10 64
1858
203 74
1866
304 42
1874
61 75
1882
32 28
1840
45 33
1849
48 45
1859
329 48
1867
350 05
1875
42 09
1883
83 12
1841
51 82
1850
35 73
1860
273 58
1868
411 70
1876
66 97
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 469
Fort Edward Collegiate Institute: (formerly) Washington County Seminary and
Collegiate Institute (Fort Edward).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1856
1855 $1,254 22 1860
1,452 96
$842 30 1864
$831 09
1868 $1,261 12
1872
1861
879 88
1865
794 40
1869
1,208 17
1873
$456 14 1876
396 01
$323 70
1877
293 40
1857
1,014 49
1862
788 64
1866
1,065 45
1870
897 20
1874
401 39
1882
182 93
1858
993 98
1863
781 49
1867
1, 137 67
1871
773 06
1875
415 63
1883
138 32
1859
889 15
Fort Edward Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
36 02
57 87
1876
1877
78 13
51 47
1880
9 54
1881
19 65 1882
3 59
1883
3 22
Fort Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute.
1854
888 17
1858
324 54
1862
177 34
1866
155 25
1872
62 20
1876
111 62
1855
775 58
1859
499 87
1863
150 35
1867
47 40
1873
120 53
1877
92 65
1856
492 39
1860
452 87
1864
131 22
1870
42 86
1874
51 46
1878
150 63
1857
329 60
1861
197 48
1865
58 70
1871
33 04
1875
99 96
1879
117 79
Franklin Academy (Malone).
1832
109 65
1841
113 35
1850
140 69
1859
213 99
1868
108 34
1876
111 62
1833
145 16
1842
162 24
1851
192 30
1860
207 64
1869
122 17
1877
87 51
1834
145 16
1843
187 57
1852
150 90
1861
134 01
1870
160 73
1878
83 11
1835
160 48
1844
254 46
1853
257 61
1862
215 07
1871
185 00
1879
78 52
1836
81 00
1845
383 86
1854
254 52
1863
324 85
1872
124 40
1880
114 47
1837
124 79
1846
362 91
1855
252 61
1864
297 08
1873
206 62
1881
133 65
1838
241 75
1847
327 19
1856
268 45
1865
238 89
1874
159 53
1882
150 65
1839
184 40
1848
239 31
1857
245 35
1866
182 65
1875
152 58
1883
373 35
1840
145 82 1849
297 93
1858
281 36
1867
142 21
Franklin Academy: (now) Franklin Academy and Union School (Prattsburgh).
1825
63 63
1835
72 46
1845
218 30
1855
252 61
1865
189 80
1875
189 40
1826
59 57
1836
124 74
1846
222 89
1856
235 86
1866
200 91
1876
167 43
1827
177 42
1837
130 24
1847
282 44
1857
307 65
1867
160 44
1877
138 98
1828
146 97
1838
432 48
1848
398 85
1858
287 18
1868
117 02
1878
129 86
1829
99 60
1839
375 31
1849
365 75
1859
227 22
1869
108 60
1879
107 98
1830
99 60
1840
339 70
1850
272 44
1860
166 47
1870
150 01
1880
81 08
1831
112 07
1841
403 85
1851
331 42
1861
153 40
1871
231 26
1881
94 34
1832
136 50
1842
393 69
1852
422 15
1862
143 48
1872
96 73
1882
116 09
1833
126 00
1843
308 00
1853
308 77
1863
133 65
1873
304 19
1883
136 72
1834
126 00
1844
238 84
1854
307 18
1864
136 69
1874
102 92
Fredonia Academy.
1831
97 22
1838
648 84
1844
466 90
1850
386 33
1856
320 22
1862
288 66
1832
129 22
1839
603 51
1845
427 89
1851
321 20
1857
364 40
1863
222 75
1833
151 20
1840
670 12
1846
580 08
1852
320 91
1858
331 81
1864
153 09
1834
151 20
1841
679 87
1817
548 10
1853
329 95
1859
223 42
1865
166 32
1835
244 24
1842
108 42
1848
531 80
1854
293 14
1860
316 83
1866
228 31
1836
212 00
1843
430 50
1849
438 41
1855
270 34
1861*
290 94
1867
164 09
1837
191 88
Friends Academy (Union Springs).
1859
176 13
1862
192 44
1865
154 58
1868
13 00
1871
59 47
1874
25 73
1860
127 09
1863
157 78
1866
1861
144 59
1864
147 62
1867
94 37
18 23
1869
99 55
1872
13 82
1875
42 09
1870
80 36
1873
28 70
Friendship Academy.
1849
70 25
1855
146 25
1861
178 09
1867
98 45
1873
177 92
1879
137 42
1850
323 81
1856
170 66
1862
200 00
1868
99 68
1874
205 84
1880
119 24
1851
202 54
1857
139 16
1863
193 05
1869
67 87
1875
157 83
1881
98 27
1852
170 00
1858
176 58
1864
154 81
1870
48 22
1876
*195 33
1882
82 50
1853
165 85
1859
168 54
1865
199 58
1871
79 29
1877
52 29
1883
45 04
1854
115 85
1860
141 41
1866
130 90
1872
103 68
1878
166 21
1883
145 89
Fulton Union School, Academic Department.
Gaines Academy.
1829
123 70
1830
1831
123 70
69 44
1832
1833
42 07
37 88
1835
1836
120 40
294 17
1837
1838
112 88 1839
337 16 1840
447 67
1841
399 30
1842
384 14
77 44
Galway Academy.
1839
486 16
1843
254 98
1847
1840
347 22
1844
215 11
1848
156 60
127 64
1852
275 07
1956
107 37
1860
171 84
1853
238 20
1857
159 30
1861
132 24
1841
340 02
1845
146 70
1842
298 50
1846
1849
165 74 1851
58 14
280 28
1854
215 91
1858
192 10
1862
147 16
1855
159 55
1859
157 15
1863
98 38
Genesee and Wyoming Seminary (Alexander).
1845
1846
26 45
142 88
1847
285 24
1850
1851
1852
272 44
280 28
1855
232 67
1860
289 98
1865
223 06
1874
118 36
1856
287 62
1861
211 59
1866
152 21
1875
57 87
1848
292 49 1853
1849
314 88
1854
250 23
234 67
242 23
1857
265 51
1862
213 18
1867
87 51
1876
39 07
1858
1859
201 80
289 67
1863
1864
167 06
189 55
1872
96 75
1879
19 63
1873
154 97
1880
47 70
*Fifty-five dollars and eighty-one cents paid by error. This was deducted in 1877, leaving $52.29.
470
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Genesee Conference Seminary (Pike).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1857 $238 05 1858 $293 30 1859 $235 05
Genesee Valley Seminary: (now) Genesee Valley Seminary and Belfast Union
School (Belfast).
1861
1862
153 40
1865
232 84
1869
276 02
1873
$143 49
1877
$30 89
1881
$74 69
154 79
1866
273 97
1870
251 80
1874
77 19
1878
46 75
1882
60 98
1863
161 49
1867
196 90
1871
244 77
1875
84 18
1879
44 17
1883
25 74
1864
171 32
1868
177 68
1872
103 68
1876
50 23
1880
66 77
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (Lima).
1836
581 72
1844
1,051 47
1852
1,444 10
1860
798 34
1868
507 05
1876
228 82
1837
611 22
1845
901 77
1853
1,430 94
1861
874 59
1869
583 72
1877
336 06
1838
1,783 00
1846
920 11
1854
1,063 71
1862
715 05
1870
525 04
1878
483 06
1839
1,495 56
1847
752 25
1855
968 36
1863
705 59
1871
475 72
1879
*487 03
1840
1,464 11
1848
872 16
1856
1,122 54
1864
889 11
1872
456 14
1880
386 33
1841
1,480 77
1849
959 14
1857
987 01
1865
739 62
1873
378 80
1881
345 92
1842
1,150 48
1850
1,161 13
1858
960 49
1866
666 66
1874
174 96
1882
301 30
1843
624 00
1851
1,567 10
1859
908 91
1867
488 61
1875
215 71
1883
218 75
Livingston County High Schoo; Geneseo Academy.
1833
42 84
1841
490 38 1848
154 23
1855
354 54
1862
154 79
1869
208 14
1834
42 84
1842
586 18
1849
213 16
1856
203 25
1863
141 07
1870
214 30
1836
313 56
1843
436 00
1850
238 95
1857
424 82
1364
164 03
1871
231 26
1837
56 95
1844
148 89
1851
362 11
1858
325 98
1865
225 02
1872
76 02
1838
136 60
1845
262 48
1852
383 95
1859
128 76
1866
194 83
1873
51 65
1839
152 53
1846
185 74
1853
411 12
1860
162 89
1867
237 02
1874
46 31
1840
301 43
1847
246 09
1854
405 48
1861
125 19
1868
260 03
1875
36 83
Geneva Academy.
1815
80 00
1816
60 00
1817
35 00
1822
118 75
1823
274 38
1824
229 12
Geneva Union School; Geneva Classical and Union School.
1858
83 44
1863
·
1859
56 81
1864
315 57
271 57
1868
511 38
1872
585 72
1876
474 38
1880
319 56
1869
484 17
1873
591 16
1877
427 24
1881
418 05
1860
198 69
1865
301 33
1870
578 61
1874
555 77
1878
420 73
1882
397 06
1861
312 10
1866
447 49
1871
449 30
1875
531 38
1879
343 55
1883
264 10
1862
288 56
1867
484 97
Genoa Academy.
1847
343 96
1848
260 59
1849
520 42
1850
122 83
1851
90 01
1852
55 41
Gilbertsville Academy and Collegiate Institute.
1841
191 86
1849
237 38
1856
138 06
1863
131 79
1870
91 08
1877
56 62
1843
271 30
1850
169 72
1857
106 19
1864
113 00
1871
52 86
1878
46 75
1844
288 06
1851
190 26
1858
89 26
1865
88 05
1872
69 11
1879
58 89
1845
271 67
1852
152 82
1859
115 53
1866
130 90
1873
149 23
1880
57 23
1846
242 89
1853
183 51
1860
109 19
1867
134 92
1874
133 80
1881
79 76
1847
218 13
1854
228 19
1861
88 16
1868
73 67
1875
142 05
1882
133 26
1848
273 88
1855
155 12
1862
98 10
1869
67 87
1876
83 71
1883
103 90
Glens Falls Academy.
1843
234 47
1850
263 51
1857
51 26
1865
166 32
1872
110 58
1880
257 56
1844
238 72
1851
290 50
1858
238 67
1866
106 54
1873
45 91
1881
456 61
1845
320 29
1852
385 86
1859
208 30
1867
105 74
1874
72.04
1882
418 91
1846
334 33
1853
331 72
1860
196 90
1868
203 69
1875
89 44
1883
359 61
1847
274 05
1854
191 33
1861
193 96
1869
294 12
1876
55 81
1848
332 38
1855
168 41
1862
77 35
1870
278 59
1878
161 02
1849
375 44 1856
130 39 1864
123 92
1871
330 37
1879
215 94
Gloversville Union Seminary: (now) Gloversville Union School, Academic
Department.
1858
1859
1860
1861
166 42
212 10
1862
1863
183 00
1866
164 38
1872
138 22
1876
150 69
1880
238 48
198 62
1867
200 55
1873
160 70
1877
169 86
1881
263 37
153 73
1864
145 81
1868
117 02
1874
138 94
1878
192 19
1882
200 86
188 67
1865
201 54
1871
33 04
1875
152 58
1879
211 03
1883
186 58
Gouverneur High School: (now) Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary.
1831
714 60
1840
231 21
1849
452 95
1858
302 70
1867
721 99
1876
206 50
1832
84 06
1841
294 68
1850
276 91
1859
348 41
1868
572 06
1877
175 01
1833
103 20
1842
269 30
1851
180 03
1860
331 15
1869
506 79
1878
150 63
1834
103 20
1843
448 41
1852
177 65
1861
347 37
1870
321 45
1879
181 59
1835
148 42
1844
322 66
1853
195 85
1862
262 25
1871
218 04
1880
181 24
1836
39 12
1845
310 51
1854
312 44
1863
311 85
1872
241 89
1881
172 95
1837
29 21
1846
331 47
1855
327 96
1864
311 67
1873
338 62
1882
190 76
1838
294 93
1847
371 93
1856
343 23
1839
188 71
1848
364 29
1857
230 74
1865
1866
371 77
514 46
1874
1875
257 30
252 54
1883
317 53
* Of this $20.78 was for attendance in 1877-8 and not included in the apportionment of that year.
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
471
Gowanda Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1879 $107 98 1880 $104 93 1881 $94 34 1882
$57 39 1883
$71 55
Grammar School of Columbia College.
1838
1,432 65
1842
1,080 74
1846
537 21
1850
431 00
1853
298 19
1856
$203 25
1839
1,145 51
1843
1,060 61
1847
522 93
1851
368 25
1854
229 95
1857
140 99
1840
1,266 04
1844
1,183 00
1848
529 15
1852
343 83
1855
270 34
1858
137 77
1841
926 15
1845
1,142 86
1849 477 18
Grammar School of Madison University.
1853
185 27
1857
62 24
1861
105 79
1865
31 31
1868
99 68
1871
112 32
1854
140 42
1858
36 86
1862
39 62
1866
51 75
1869
185 52
1872
103 67
1855
113 01
1859
100 35
1863
48 26
1867
94 81
1870
75 01
1873
80 35
1856
88 20
1860
100 24
1864
49 21
Grammar School of the University of the City of New York.
1838
1839
1840
1,100 58 1841
886 27 1842
926 15 1843
1,163 95 1844
975 16
1,079 55
836 61
1847
232 10
1845
726 71
1848
252 61
1850
1851
263 51
227 09
1852
1853
215 85
185 27
1846
317 19
1849
261 60
Grammar School of New York Central College (McGrawville).
1857
173 95 1858
201 80
Granville Academy.
1828
85 74
1835
196 55
1841
242 87
1847
114 65
1853
47 64
1860
93 08
1829
59 10
1836
131 28
1842
236 85
1848
188 79
1854
54 42
1861
22 92
1831
67 99
1837
69 03
1843
190 50
1849
123 53
1856
51 61
1862
73 58
1832
80 41
1838
149 88
1844
212 49
1850
69 23
1857
60 42
1863
76 10
1833
129 88
1839
217 93
1845
158 92
1851
102 29
1858
93 14
1864
78 37
1834
197 41
1840
249 99
1846
168 60
1852
76 42
1859
113 64
Greenbush and Schodack Academy.
1840
90 42
1843
1841
101 90
1844
1812
60 29
1815
83 50 1846
85 01 1847
104 55
42 89 1848
50 34 1849
21 28 1850
46 03 1851
62 53
1852
42 04
55 24
1853
28 23
Greene Union School, Academic Department.
1875
89 44
1877
1876
117 20
1878
205 90
197 37
1879
1880
88 34 1881
42 93
55 03
1882
39 46
1883
67 39
Greenville Academy.
1817
136 50
1826
187 24
1846
51 45
1855
119 65
1864
49 21
1873
51 65
1818
145 28
1827
298 38
1847
67 12
1856
80 53
1865
29 35
1875
21 04
1819
255 20
1828
232 71
1848
50 54
1857
95 21
1866
54 79
1877
15 44
1820
98 27
1829
34 64
1849
48 45
1858
50 44
1867
76 57
1878
20 78
1821
60 00
1832
12 77
1850
26 80
1859
89 03
1868
21 67
1879
24 54
1822
156 25
1833
25 52
1851
30 70
1860
71 60
1869
22 62
1880
28 62
1823
158 52
1843
123 58
1852
72 60
1861
58 18
1870
32 15
1881
19 65
1824
76 50
1844
91 08
1853
61 76
1862
62 26
1871
52 86
1882
43 04
1825
117 81
1845
39 21
1854
75 48
1863
64 97
1872
34 56
1883
54 69
Greenwich Union School, Academic Department.
1872
1873
13 82
22 96
1874
1875
20 59
15 78
1876
1877
22 32
56 62
1878
1875
67 52
53 99
1880
66 77
1882
93 90
1881
62 89
1883
125 21
Sprinville Academy: (now) Griffith Institute and Union School.
1831
222 22
1840
156 24 1849
220 42
1858
166 87
1867
54 70
1876
106 04
1832
126 21
1841
94 51
1850
156 32
1859
115 50
1868
268 69
1877
133 83
1833
100 80
1842
147 14
1851
182 08
1860
184 37
1869
411 77
1878
212 90
1834
100 82
1843
134 85
1852
150 90
1861
268 02
1870
594 68
1879
171 76
1835
178 88
1844
1.25 41
1853
104 11
1862
252 81
1871
277 51
1880
219 48
1836
151 04
1845
139 41
1854
154 47
1863
293 29
1872
228 06
1881
204 40
1837
146 73
1846
202 89
1855
24 37
1864
236 93
1873
304 10
1882
161 41
1838
330 81
1847
195 76
1856
134 23
1865
234 80
1874
56 61
1883
115 81
1839
143 88 1848
273 88 1857
62 96
1866
130 90
1875
84 18
Groton Academy: (now) Groton Union School, Academic Department.
1839
618 04
1847
148 21
1855
156 13
1863
1810
468 89
1848
284 52
1856
166 82
1864
302 57
284 33
1870
348 24
1877
1871
277 51
1878
169 86
166 21
1841
336 57 1849
234 96
1857
95 21
1865
218 93
1872
290 26
1879
122 70
1842
433 07
1850
55 83
1858
180 46
1866
398 78
1873
34 44
1880
114 47
1843
380 00
1851
79 70
1859
183 64
1867
433 92
1874
113 21
1881
117 55
1844
397 02
1852
70 69
1860
123 51
1868
524 39
1875
115 75
1882
125 54
1845
363 82
1853
119 99
1861
123 43
1869
484 17
1876
128 36
1883
122 24
1846
280 04
1854
170 27
1862
215 17
Half-Moon Academy.
1250
42 43
1854
59.68
1857
41 93
1867
1851
75 70
1855
64 26
1865
99 79
1868
167 73
195 02
1870
257 16
1873
103 30
1852
26 76
1856
157 24
1866
118 72
1869
230 77
1871
1872
132 15
1874
36 02
200 42
1875
15 78
1853
68 81
472
•
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Hamburgh Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
$59 47
55 29
1871
1872
1873
22 96
1874
1875
$97 77
131 53
1876
1877
$66 97
61 77
1878
$83 11
1880
1879
98 16
1881
857 23 1882
86 48 1883
$65 98
73 90
Hamilton Academy.
1824
76 50
1830
224 28
1836
· 106 76
1842
265 00
1848
268 56
1854
368 61
1825
253 73
1831
138 25
1837
97 95
1843
225 18
1849
283 39
1855.
358 98
1826
221 28
1832
167 78
1838
489 36
1844
327 48
1850
245 64
1856
164 95
1827
516 12
1833
164 48
1839
459 26
1845
271 67
1851
143 20
1857
210 57
1828
367 41
1834
164 48
1840
329 40
1846
220 03
1852
261 70
1858
130 90
1829
224 20
1835
117 24
1841
335 04
1847
206 94
1853
312 31
1859
92 76
Hamilton Female Seminary.
1857
276 51
1858
213 44
1859
204 49
1860
100 24
1861
82 87
1863
85 38
Hamilton-Oneida Academy (Kirkland).
1793
1794
315 00
275 00
1795
1799
300.00
100 00
1801
1802
250 00
100 00
1803
1804
150 00
100 00
1808
100 00
1810
150 00
1809
100 00
1811
125 00
Hancock Union School,, Academic Department.
1881
11 79
1882
21 52
1883
25 75
Hartwick Seminary.
1817
262 50
1829
159 36
1842
80 00
1852
120 34
1862
111 31
1874
61 75
1818
99 88
1830
159 00
1843
89 54
1853
135 87
1863
103 94
1875
52 61
1819
116. 00
1831
163 79
1844
130 38
1854
54 47
1864
103 88
1876
61 39
1820
110 06
1832
140.90
1845
70 22
1855
168 41
1865
35 22
1877
5 15
1821
60˚00
1833
80 00
1846
94 30
1856
113 13
1866
70 01
1878
25 97
1822
181 25
1834
80.00
1847
55 93
1857
150 14
1867
102 10
1879
34 35
1823
335 35
1835
105 07
1848
79 77
1858
170 75
1868
26 00
1880
67 23
1824
158 62
1836
52 60
1849
106 58
1859
81 44
1869
13 57
1881
66 83
1825
362 50
1837
26' 32
1850
73 70
1860
107 40
1870
10 72
1882
39 46
1826
169 35
1838
97 88
1851
85 92
1861
116.37
1873
'105 65*
1883
104 99
1828
202 09
1839
45 24
Haverling Union School, Academic Department (Bath).
1868
60 67-
1871
218 04
1874
1869**
294 12
1872
186 60
1875
1870
262 52
1873
183 66
1876
159 53 1877
378 81
435 32
406 65
1880
1878
1879
420 73
471 16
1881
434 03
491 36
1882
1883
413 90
492 46
Hempstead Seminary.
1838
1839
149 08
335-85
1840
1841
454 95
498 11
1842
1843
561 69
262 90
1844
1845
. 419 14
418 34
1846
48 59
1847
53 14
Herkimer Academy.
1839
1840
163 44
118 04
1841
1842
229 93
249 84
1843
1844
275 49
173 14
1845
75 79
1846
165 74
1847
64 32
Hobart Hall Institute (Holland Patent), Hobart Hall Academy.
1839
1840
139 20
1841
289 23
1843
248 69 1844
1845
146 51
145 54
94 63
1816
1847
1848
82 87
106 26
1849
1850
247 06
1852
137 53
1855
157 33
192 05
1853
137 63.
1856
86 29
111 68
1851
38' 88
1854
136 91
1857
84 22
1842
62 50
Holland Patent Union School, Academic Department.
1872
1873
76 02
1874
80 35 1875
66 90 1877
94 70
1878
66 92
36 36
1879
1880
93 25
90 62
1881
1882
90 76
46 63
1883
32 17
Holley Academy: (now) Holley Union School, Academic Department.
1850
122 83
1856
161 07
1862
113 20
1868
1851
112 52
1857
208 74
1863
131 79
1869
1852
89 79
1858
194 04
1864
83 84
1870
112 51
112 68 1873
63 35 1874
1876
212 36
1879
142 33
185 26
1880
85 81
133 94
1881
58 96
1853
52 93
1859
200 70
1865
91 96
1871
118 93
1877
1854
96 55
1860
186 16
1866
57 84
1872
165 86
1878
144 13
228 55 1883
1882
35 87
22 52
1855
97 50 1861
156 93 1867
51 05
Homer Union School, Academic Department: (formerly) Cortland Academy.
1820
58 96
1831
409 46 1842
529 78
1853
635 19
1864
492.10
1874
169 82
1821
52 50
1832
360 80
1843
410 68
1854
635 41
1865
450 03
1875
215 71
1822
131 25
1833
428 40
1844
437 46
1855
519. 69
1866
429 22
1876
284 63
1823
109 78
1834
428 40
1845
430 99
1856
710 54
1867
371,93
1877
252 23
1824
182 12
1835
496 20
1846
448 63
1856
705 01
1868
377 36
1878
202 57
1825
190 31
1836
393 30
1847
467 01
1858
667 40
1869
239 83
1879
225 74
1826
170 22
1837
306 29
1848
534 46
1859
761 35
1870
219 66
1880
186 05
1827
282 25
1838
1,035 19
1849
576 44
1860
664 09
1871
231 26
1881
253 33
1828
189 84
1839
713 62
1850
560 51
1861
682, 59
1872
138 22
1882
239 34
1829
388 44
1840
579 14.
1851
585 10
1862
569 78
1873
97 57
1883
290 15
1830
388 44
1841
653 39
1852
609 35
1863
588 44
*Including $13.82 for two scholars in 1871-2.
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 473
Hoosick Falls Union School, Academic Department (See "Ball Seminary ").
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.´
1865
$48 92
1870
$64 29
1866
42 62
1871
1869
63 35
1872
52 86
103 67
1873
1874
1875
$86 09
1878
$5 19
1880
66 90
73 66
1879
73 62
1881
$76 31
74 69
1882
1883
$78 91
73 99
Hornell Free Academy.
1874
169 82
1875
189 40
1876
1877
128 36
128 69
1878
1879
166 21
122 70
1880
1881
138 32
121 86
1882
121 95
1883
239 36
Horseheads Union School, Academic Department.
1878
9 19
1879
58 72
1880
81 08
1881
86 48 1882
60 98
1883
28 95
1882
75 33
1883
61 12
Houghton Seminary (Female Department of Clinton Grammar School).
Hubbardsville Academy.
1849
33 94
1850
87 10
1851
96 16 1852
87 88
1853
52 93
Hudson Academy.
1808
80 00
1822
131 25
1835
68 14
1848
223 36
1860
94 87
1872
186 60
1809
100 00
1823
146, 34
1836
31 73
1849
237.38
1861
126 95
1873
160 70
1810
100 00
1824
135 12
1837
50 16
1850
13.40
1862
84 90
1874
108 09
1811
100 00
1825
190 31
1838
45 49
1851
55 24
1863
68 67
1875
68 40
1812
120 00
1826
170 22
1840
93 84
1852
114 62
1864
69 26
1876
55 81
1813
180 00
1827
241 93
1841
203 80
1853
61 76
1865
97 83
1877
123 54
1815
435 00
1828
257 20
1842
163 13
1854
71 97
1866
105 54
1878
46 75
1816
200 00
1829
129 93
1843
150 30
1855
81 99
1867
51 05
1879
88 34
1817
210 00
1830
129 93
1844
130 54
1856
115 05
1868
91 01
1880
62 00
01818
141 50
1831
63 24
1845
148 98
1857
91 51
1869
131 22
1881
127 93
1819
313 20
1832
93 20
1846
151 45
1858
100 90
1870
85 72
1882
74 56
1820
169 02
1833
150 80
1847
185 76
1859
119 30
1871
52 86
1883
12 87
1821
45 00
1834
150 80
Hungerford Collegiate Institute (Adams).
1865
336 55
1868
203 69
1873
464 89
1866
350 08
1871
449 30
1874
122 56
1876
1877
256 72
319 14
1878
322 04
1880
300 48
1879
289 56
1881
326 61
1867
280 77
1872
400 85
1875
368 28
Huntington Union School, Academic Department.
1863
59 39
1867
218 78
1871
171 79
1875
1864
74 73
1868
143 01
1872
152 04
1876
1865
103 70
1869
199 09
1873
229 57
1877
189 40
195 33
154 42
1878
135 05
1881
190 82
1879
147 24
1882
157 82
1880
100 16
1883
181 71
1866
161 34
1870
166 08
1874
216 13
Ilion Union School, Academic Department.
1873
74 61
1875
1874
82 34
1876
68 40 1877
83 31 1878
128 69 1879
142 33 1880
145 44
147 86
1881
1882
190 82
217 16
1883
376 93
Ingham Collegiate Institute.
1852
471 81
1853
497 57
1854
444 09 1855
350 11
1856
: 331 73
Ingham University, Academic Department.
1859
189 34
1861
135 77
1862
1863
109 42
163 35
1864
1865
131 22
138 92
1880
1881
14 31
27 52
1882
46 63
1883
56 25
Ithaca Academy: (now) Ithaca High School.
1826
187 24
1836
313 56
1846
371 48
1856
370 08
1866
420 09
1875
289 37
1827
185 48
1837
377 42
1847
397 10
1857
492 60
1867
426 63
1876
346 02
1828
214 34
1838
925 63
1848
454 69
1858
419 12
1868
442 04
1877
604 45
1829
114 56
1839
673 27
1849
484 41
1859
382 59
1869
334 84
1878
467 48
1830
114 56
1840
622 01
1850
451 09
1860
309 67
1870
391 10
1879
476 06
1831
86 24
1841
634 61
1851
452 13
1861
326 21
1871
396 44
1880
486 50
1832
127 70
1842
599 30
1852
479 81
1862
405 64
1872
400 85
1881
507 43
1833
154 80
1843
444 00
1853
451 69
1863
475 31
1873
441 93
1882
542 80
1834
154 87
1844
338 08
1854
298 40
1864
472 05
1874
375 66
1883
715 44
1835
188 38
1845
330 04
1855
292 50
1865
471 55
Ives Seminary: (formerly) Antwerp Liberal
Literary Institute - Black River
Conference Seminary — Northern New York Conference Seminary.
1861
22 92
1865
48 92
1869
1862
1863
1864
86 78
1866
36 53
1870
122 50
1867
240 66
1871
291 12 1873
225 02
211 43
1874
1875
80 35 1877
133 80
163 10
128 69
1878
46 75
1881
1882
153 31
200 86
1879
88 34
1883
147 98
125 74 1868
290 36
1872
124 40
1876
178 59
1880
128 78
Jamestown Academy: (now) Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute.
1839
1840
179 85
1847
177 08
1848
307 61
303 13
1855
1856
157 33
65 19
1863
1864
174 49 1870
701 83
1877
576 51
58 33
1871
918 42
1878
711 60
1841
167 68
1849
273 71
1857
184 94
1865
135 01
1872
711 84
1879
574 21
1842
214 25
1850
252 34
1858
238 85
1866
103 50
1873
642 81
1880
639 12
1848
207 46 1851
243 46
1859
327 58
1867
222 43
1874
735 88
1881
623 54
1844
210 78
1852
242 59
1860
254 18
1868
485 38
1875
689 22
1882
621 18
1845
254 80
1853
264 67
1861
253 91
1869
651 59
1876
731 11
1883
611 23
1846
297 18
1854
233 46
1862
216 96
60
474
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Jefferson Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1835
1836
$66 03
81 08
1837
1838
$34 32
162 87
1839
1840
$154 63
73 75
1842
1843
$42 56
10 04
1845
1846
$125 45 1847
265 75
$8 39
Johnstown Academy: (now) Johnstown Union School, Academic Department.
1794
325 00
1820
35 38
1833
88 06
1846
137 16
1859
191 16
1872
89 84
1795
375 00
1821
47 50
1834
88 06
1847
69 92
1860
198 69
1873
132 01
1804
100 00
1822
50 00
1835
40 11
1848
93 07
1861
146 35
1874
210 99
1809
70 00
1823
42 67
1836
128 49
1849
113 84
1862
133 95
1875
189 40
1810
100 00
1824
82 28
1837
138 06
1850
133 99
1863
103 94
1876
206 50
1811
75.00
1825
135 93
1838
261 09
1851
122 75
1864
140 34
1877
247 08
1812
110.00
1826
110 65
1839
171 83
1852
147 08
1866
149 16
1878
249 32
1813
160 00
1827
120 96
1840
83 32
1853
298 19
1867
149 50
1879
280 11
1814
180 00
1828
122 48
1841
80 97
1854
289 63
1868
151 68
1880
257 56
1815
50 00
1829
98 42
1842
207 66
1855
199 43
1869
81 44
1881
336 26
1816
120 00
1830
98 42
1843
164 14
1856
230 10
1870
192 87
1882
476 95
1817
135 00
1831
162 13
1844
152 15
1857
225 22
1871
145 36
1883
359 92
1819
110 20
1832
84 06
1845
124 69
1858
230 90
Janesville Academy.
1850
145 15
1854
215 91
1857
256 36
1860
207 64
1863
161 91
1866
155 25
1851
190 26
1855
286 05
1858
296 88
1861
202 77
1864
114 82
1867
182 32
1852
259. 78
1856
266 53
1859
280 18
1862
196 21
1865
113 49
1867-8
49 77
1853
190 56
Jordan Academy: (now) Jordan Free Academy.
1843
114 09
1850
288 08
1857
223 39
1864
65 61
1872
297 17
1878
51 94
1844
218 73
1851
292 56
1858
242 52
1865
109 57
1873
183 66
1879
78 52
1845
346 43
1852
250 23
1859
145 78
1866
79 15
1874
108 07
1880
119 24
1846
494 35
1853
112 92
1860
103 82
1868
34 67
1875
63 13
1881
145 44
1847
290 83
1854
245 74
1861
95 21
1869
85 97
1876
27 91
1882
141 30
1848
287 18
1855
263 08
1862
109 42
1870
155 37
1877
36 03
1883
175 19
1849
278 55
1856
258 86
1863
159 39
1871
178 40
Keeseville Academy: (now) Keeseville Union School, Academic Department.
1838
241 75
1846
251 46
1854
317 72
1862
139 61
1870
117 87
1877
77 21
1839
180 21
1847
167 79
1855
385 57
1863
128 08
1871
118 93
1878
103 89
1840
52 28
1848
154 13
1856
350 90
1864
114 82
1872
117 49
1879
78 52
1841
110 11
1849
142 92
1857
415 67
1865
136 97
1873
103 30
1880
81 08
1842
184 94
1850
180 89
1858
461 81
1866
57 84
1874
92 63
1881
66 83
1843
211 02
1851
145 26
1859
164 74
1867
36 46
1875
36 83
1882
21 52
1844
186 27
1852
181 47
1860
187 95
1868
69 34
1876
44 65
1883
16 08
1845
193 15
1853
269 96
1861
135 77
1869
90 50
Kinderhook Academy.
1827
411 28
1835
148 33
1843
400 80
1851
351 88
1858
130 00
1865
74 35
1828
355 16
1836
128 67
1844
367 33
1852
273 16
1859
132 50
1866
63 93
1829
199 25
1837
114 64
1845
274 43
1853
217 03
1860
128 88
1867
14 59
1830
204 97
1838
397 71
1846
345 76
1854
198 35
1861
112 85
1868
104 01
1831
165 37
1839
415 78
1847
237 70
1855
188 35
1862
100 00
1869
49 77
1832
128 15
1840
318 14
∙1848
279 20
1856
138 06
1863
87 24
1882
3.59
1833
139 20
1841
309 10
1849
261 60
1857
161 13
1864
69 26
1883
22 52
1834
139 20
1812
347 52
1850
303 71
Kingsborough Academy.
1838
19 34
1841
100 40
1845
24 46
1849
121 11
1852
70 69
1855
39 01
1839
41 91
1843
73 28
1847
106 26
1850
75 93
1853
42 35
1856
23 01
1840
62 56
1844
76 08
1848
122 32
1851
69 55
1854
40 38
1857
32.95
Kingston Academy: (now) Kingston Free Academy.
1795
200 00
1819
69 60
1835
96 50
1848
385 56
1860
94 87
1872
207 34
1803
250 00
1822
37 50
1836
114 55
1849
486 82
1861
95 21
1873
309 93
1804
200 00
1824
129 25
1837
113 12
1850
453 33
1862
143 38
.1874
411 68
1808
70 00
1825
181 25
1838
298 16
1851
212 76
1863
172 63
1875
457 72
1809
70.00
1826
170 22
1839
308 77
1852
265.52
1864
111 18
1876
636 23
1810
100 00
1827
153 22
1840
245 31
1853
305-25
1865
93 92
1877
586 80
1811
150 00
1828
42 87
1841
136 28.
1854
338 78
1866
97 41
1878
467 48
1813
170 00
1829
123 34
1842
526 58
1855
343 47
1867
196 90
1879
387 72
1814
120 00
1830
123 34
1843
506 68
1856
314 47
. 1868
143 01
1880
276 64
1815
240 00
1831
265 53
1844
287 90
1857
252 70
1869
140 27
1881
310 54
1816
200 00
1832
196 90
1845
333 87
1858
219 26
1870
32 15
1882
371 51
1817
112 00
1833
189 79
1846
242 89
1859
179 93
1871
92 50
1883
370 25
1818
189 56
1834
189 79
1847
226 51
Knoxville Academy.
1843
83 50
1844
51 62
1859
1860
90 91
98 45
1861
1862
75 82
60 37
1863
1864
44 55
1865
46 96
1867
65 64
87 49
1866
60 88
1868
52 00
1845
57 51
Lancaster Academy.
1845
151 44
1846
57 16
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
475
Lansingburgh Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1803
$150 00
1819
$92 80
1831
$107 00
1843
$227 12
1859
$75 75
1871
$132 15
1804
200 00
1820
58 96
1832
81 55
1844
170 01
1860
34 01
1873
91 83
1808
100 00
1821
85 00
1833
46 40
1845
159 44
1861
42 31
1874
87 48
1809
100 00
1822
150 00
1834
46 40
1846
122 88
1862
71 69
1875
52 61
1810
100 00
1823
164 62
1835
41 37
1847
103 48
1863
79 82
1876
55 81
1811
75 00
1824
188 00
1836
42 30
1848
103 71
1864
38 29
1877
66 92
1812
65 00
1825
108 75
1837
17 16
1849
142 92
1865
113 48
1878
46 75
1813
100 00
1826
51 08
1838
71 96
1850
140 69
1866
79 15
1879
29 45
1814
75.00
1827
177 42
1839
168 37
1851
114 56
1867
72 93
1880
33 39
1815
120 00
1828
153 10
1840
207 63
1852
150 91
1868
56 34
1881
44 31
1816
600 00
1829
75 07
1841
173 24
1853
9881
1869
131 22
1882
73 80
1818
59 02
1830
75 07
1842
184 41
1854
49 15
1870
80 36
1883
88 77
Lawrenceville Academy.
1863
211 61
1867
360 99
1871
198 22
1875
436 68
1878
166 21
1881
102 20
1864
224 18
1868
537 39
1872
200 42
1876
117 20
1879
215 94
1882
213 21
1865
172 19
1869
438 92
1873
132 01
1877
118 39
1880
100 16
1883
113 37
1866 267 88
1870
278 59 1874
303 61
Leavenworth Institute: (now) Leavenworth Free Institute and Union School
(Wolcott).
1860
170 05
1864
176 70 1868
99 68
1872
82 94
1876
195 33
1880
138 32
1861
211 59
1865
105 66
1869
81 44
1873
126 27
1877
102 95
1881
62 89
1862
160 36
1866
33 49
1870
80 36
1874
97 77
1878
124 66
1882
60 98
1863
85 38
1867
51 05
1871
99 11
1875
115 75
1879
127 61
1883
48 25
1882
10 76
Leonardsville Union School.
Le Roy Academic Institute.
1864
36 46
1868
1865
99 79
1869
1866
91 32
1870
91 01
45 25
150 01
1871
171 79
1874
154 38
1878
135 05
1881
100 76
1872
228 06
1875
105 22
1879
132 51
1882
108.26
1873
189 40
1877
97 80
1880
62 00
1883
159 20
1867
76 57
Le Roy Female Seminary.
1840
434 02
1842
1841
460 36 1843
418 17
355 28
1844
1845
453 56
430 29
1846
1847
485 78
453 03
1848
531 80
1850
471 19
1849
501 36
1851
513 51
Lewiston High School Academy: (afterward) Lewiston Academy.
1828
110 23
1834
166 32
1837
98 77
1840
177 08
1843
93 37
1846
182 88
1831
222 22
1835
182 32
1838
76 34
1841
82 33
1844
80 05
1847
109 06
1832
177 29
1836.
161 65
1839
243 79
1842
103 25
1845
168 27
1848
53 18
1833
166 32
Liberty Normal Institute.
1849
130 81
1854
10 54
1860
56 56 1865
99 79
1869
45 25
1873
17 22
1850
174 19
1855
13 29
1861
33 50
1866
146 12
1870
5.36
1874
5 15
1851
169 81
1856
15 34
1862
160 39
1867
98 45
1871
13 22
1882
3 59
1852
38 22
1857
18 30
1863
103 94
1868
39 00
1872
34 56
1883
39 39
1853
74 11
1858
17 46
1864
112 99
Limestone Union School, Academic Department.
1880
38 16
1881
55 03
1882
57 39
1883
48 25
Lisle Union School, Academic Department.
1875
1876
31 36
27 91
1877
1878
61 77 1879
67 52 1880
68 71
52 47
1881
39 31
1882
46 63
1883
51 47
Little Falls, The Academy at: (now) Little Falls Union School, Academic
Department.
1845
1846
440 10 1852
488 64 1853
288 44
1859
352 45
1866
292 24
1872
131 31
1878
67 52
288 31
1860
316 83
1867
222 43
1873
57 39
1879
34 35
1847
511 74
1854
177 29
1861
273 36
1868
190 69
1874
20 58
1880
104 93
1848
377 58
1855
303 59
1862
313 29
1869
330 32
1875
68 40
1881
98 27
1849
312 46
1856
232 02
1863
313 70
1870
326 81
1876
78 13
1882
111 19
1850
312 64
1857
184 94
1864
1851
290 50
1858
178 52
1865
193 20
178 06
1871
284 12
1877
72 06
1883
157 63
Liverpool Union School, Academic Department:
1879
34 35
1880
29 08 1881
35 38 1882
50 22
1883
32 17
Lockport Union School, Academic Department.
1850
569 46
1856
406 51
1862
⚫ 622 66
1868
411 70
1874
555 77
1879
584 03
1851
286 41
1857
336 92
1863
573 69
1869
484 17
1875
844 05
1880
596 20
1852
462 26
1858
351 21
1864
468 40
1870
567 90
1876
781 34
1881
708 22
1853
285 84
1859
393 83
1865
426 55
1871
581 45
1877
617 69
1882
534 87
1854
149 20
1860
502 99
1855
281 42
1861
528 99
1866
1867
325 73
1872
622 00
1878
654 47
1883
601 7C
339 11
1873
665 77
476
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Lowville Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1810
$100 00
1822
$168 75
1834
$109 68
1847
$248 88
1859
$320 00
1872
$110 58
1811
100 00
1823
164 62
1835
74 35
1848
202 09
1860
304 30
1873
132 01
1812
110 00
1824
170 37
1837
58 48
1849
184 09
1861
218 64
1874
185 26
1813
90 00
1825
163 12
1838
102 14
1850
163 02
1862
247 15
1875
152 58
1814
40 00
1826
170 22
1839
177 48
1851
159 57
1863
263 59
1876
106 04
1815
120 00
1827
322 58
1840
236 70
1852
189 11
1864
275 21
1877
77 21
1816
200 00
1828
·
232 71
1841
229 09
1853
280 55
1865
367 85
1878
135 05
1817
119 00
1829
95 76
1842
232 50
1854
305 42
1866
316 59
1879
127 61
1818
154 48
1830
95 76
1843
181 77
1855
288 07
1867
87 51
1880
119 24
1819
174 00
1831
62 09
1844
197 09
1856
348 99
1869
334 84
1881
94 34
1820
78 62
1832
68 93
1845
253 35
1857
364 40
1870
555 39
1882
82 50
1821
57 50
1833
109 68
1846
280 04
1858
279 42
1871
528 50
1883
83 64
Lyons Union School, Academic Department.
1857
191 75
1862
167 91
1866-7
182 32
1872
241 90
1876
189 75
1880
171 70
1858
131'94
1863
193 05
1867-8
182-02
1873
223 83
1877
236 78
1881
209 40
1859
159.04
1864
280 69
1869
244 34
1874
277 88
1878
212 96
1882
220 86
1860
141 41
1865
369 81
1870
257 16
1875
184 14
1879
176 69
1883
336 58
1861
193 96
1866
417 05
1871
178 40
Macedon Academy.
1844
178 68
1851
255 73
1858
347 33
1865
281 76
1872
34 56
1878
135 05
1845
242 77
1852
238 77
1859
321 90
1866
404 87
1873
143 49
1879
39 26
1846
214 32
1853
220 56
1860
298 93
1867
390 16
1874
149 23
1880
38 16
1847
243 29
1854
294 89
1801
230199
1868
264 36
1875
142 05
1881
86 48
1848
380 24
1855
241 53
1862
290 55
1869
176 47
1876
89 29
1882
68 15
1849
247 06
1856
368 16
1863
272 87
1870
107 15
1877
113 25
1883
92 99
1850
276 91
1857
340 59
1864
244 23
1871
132 15
McGrawville Union School, Academic Department.
1868
117 02
1871
79 29
1874
51 46
1877
66 92 1880
1869
117 64
1872
34 56
1875
73 66
1878
140 24
1881
47 70
27 52
1882
39 46
1883
28 95
1870
117 87
1873
63 13
1876
94 88
1879
88 34
1882
1 76
1883
Madison Union School, Academic Department.
44 17
Manlius Academy: (now) Manlius Union School, Academic Department.
1838
338 01 1844
231 05
1850
113 90
1856
201 34
1862
64 14
1868
13 09
1839
375 35
1845
308 24
1851
110 47
1857
173 96
1863
90 95
1879
24 54
!
1840
316 65
1846
240 03
1852
170 01
1858
48 51
1864
78 38
1880
76 31
1841
306 77
1847
167 79
1853
144 68
1859
24 61
1865
52 83
1881
102 20
1842
263 16
1848
159 54
1854
240 48
1860
93 08
1866
27 40
1882
75 33
1843
218.39
1849
125 95
1855
261 47
1861
74 05
1867
14 59
1883
41 82
Marathon Academy: (now) Marathon Union School, Academic Department.
1867
1868
54 70 .1879
95 34
19 63
1880
23 85
1881
47 17
1882
Marion Collegiate Institute.
35 87
1883
35 39
1857
146 48
1862
50 94
1867
131 27
1872
76 02
1876
167 43
1880
42 93
1858
141 65
1863
83 53
1868
212 35
1873
57 39
1877
175 01
1881
130 79
1859
100 35
1864
174 96
1869
140 27
1874
56 61
1878
15 58
1882
126 19
1860
132 46
1863
138 92
1870
1861
193 96
1866
152 21
1871
42 86
112 32
1875
147 31
1879
34 35
1883
126 24
Marshall Seminary of Easton.
1863
37 12
1866
1864
235 11
1867
1863
109 57
1870
57 84 1871
61 99 1872
16 07 1873
52 86
27 64
1876
1877
45 91
22 32
5 15
1878
1879
25 97
1880
19 08
34 35
1881
3 93
Massena Union School, Academic Department.
1871
1872
19 82
27 64
1873
1874
45 91
41 17
1876
1877
11 16
1878
15 44 1879
46 75 1880
58 89 1881
133 55
62 89
1882
60 98
1883
48 25
Mayville Academy: (now) Mayville Union School, Academic Department.
1838
89 06
1845
67 31
1855
84 23 1862
9 38 1872
96 76
1878
98 69
1839
119 90
1846
74 31
1856
143 81
1863
70 53
1873
97 57
1879
103 07
1840
83 32
1849
135 65
1857
128 17
1864
87 49
1874
51 46
1880
66 77
1841
88 42
1850
133 99
1858
95 08
1869
85 97
1875
78 92
1881
106 14
1842
131 65
1851
73.65
1859
138 25
1870
75.00
1876
100 46
1882
96 85
1843
140 04
1852
1844
122 74
1854
45 86
121 12
1861
65 24
1871
46 25
1877
92 65
1883
112 59
Mechanicville Academy.
1861
64 25
1865
172 19
1862
232 06
1866
216 14
1869
1870
1863
193 05
1867
247 96
1871
153 84
128 58
85 89
1:73
86 09
1877
66 92
1881.
66.83
1874 · 108 07
1878
72 72
1882
46 63
1875
47 35
1879
58 89
1823
54 69
1864
180 43
1868
177 68
1872
124 40
1876
61 39
1880
62 00
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 477
Medina Academy: (now) Medina Free Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1851
$218 91
1857
$263 68
1863
$116 94 1869
$108 60
1874
$113 21
1879
$161 96
1852
221 58
1858
318 22
1864
174 97
1870
160 72
1875
131 53
1880
205 09
1853
204 68
1859
386 38
1865
180 01
1871
165 18
1876
78 13
1881
260 47
1854
179 04
1860
397 38
· 1866
158 29
1872
145 14
1877
180 16
1882
192 16
1855
186 15
1861
368 52
1867
200 55
1873
86 09
1878
166 21
1883
119 81
1856
310 64
1862
292 45
1868
98 68
Mendon Academy.
1838
197 20
1839
155 87
1840
1841
124 99
94 51
1842
1843
90 35
1844
82 72
1846
54 31
1848
82 43
57 07
1845
45 68
1847
44 75
Mexico Academy: (formerly) Rensselaer-Oswego Academy.
1833
87 72
1842
220 00
1851
286 41
1860
300 72
1868
532 05
1876
273 47
1834
87 72
1843
176 35
1852
284 62
1861
338 55
1869
529 42
1877
257 37
1835
94 24
1844
245 60
1853
266 43
1862
113 20
1870
632 19
1878
212 96
1836
99 76
1845
155 68
1854
273 83
1863
289 67
1871.
323 76
1879
201 22
1837
125 73
1846
240 03
1855
166 20
1864
255 16
1872
262 62
1880
152 63
1838
417 03
1847
341 17
1856
281 87
1865
219 15
1873
223 83
1881
149 33
1839
358 38
1848
350 99
1857
342 43
1866
334 86
1874
236 72
1882
133 37
1840
437 46
1849
363 33
1858
308 52
1867
422 98
1875
178 88
1883
126 24
1841
240 54
1850
348 37
1859
316 28
Middlebury Academy.
1820
51 10
1831
379 64
1842
366 54
1852
192 93
1862
198 10
1872
138 22
1821
50 00
1832
222 37
1843
376 03
1853
264 67
1863
189 34
1873
86 09
1822
237 50
1833
171 36
1844
210 78
1854
275 59
1864
209 59
1874
51 46
1823
195 11
1834
171 36
1845
201 92
1855
257 04
1865
203 49
1875
110 49
1824
88 12
1835
185 76
1846
131 45
1856
268 41
1866
176 56
1876
111 62
1825
271 87
1837
160 84
1847
204 15
1857
245 36
1867
102 10
1877
77 38
1826
238 29
1838
292 61
1848
204 75
1858
275 54
1868
117 02
1878
72 72
1827
201 61
1839
339 72
1849
247 06
1859
270 74
1869
85 97
1879
83 43
1828
208 21
1840
361 10
1850
196 52
1860
218 38
1870
235 73
1880
47 70
1829
253 90
1841
420 73
1851
177 99
1861
213 35
1871
178 40
1882
21 52
1830
253 90
Millville Academy.
1840
163 18
1843
267 11
1846
1841
402 43
1844
184 10
1847
1842
353 63
1845
120 19
1848
244 33
125 84
103 71
1849
196 20
1852
127 98
1855
68 79
1850
326 04
1853
141 16
1856
61 36
1851
204 58
1854
45 64
Monroe Academy (Henrietta).
1927
403.22
1835
172 00
1844
130 75
1851
40 92
1859
107 94
1865
52 83
1828
428 62
1836
148 40
1845
130 96
1852
97 43
1860
119 93
1866
33 48
1829
364 57
1837
183 42
1846
102 87
1853
77 64
1861
28 21
1867
36 46
1830
364 57
1838
50 89
1847
125 84
1854
45 64
1862
113 20
1868
99 68
1831
92 59 -
1839
211 83
1848
138 27
1856
141 89
1863
40 83
1869
85 97
1832
60 10
1840
166 66
1849
87 20
1857
122 68
1864
29 16
1870
42 86
1833
40 32
1843
127 07
1850
145 15
1858
145 53
Montgomery Academy.
1793
420 00
1817
185 50
1830
123 34
1843
143 41
1855
195 00
1867
87 51
1794
275 00
1818
195 34
1831
207 25
1844
304 83
1856
138 06
1868
73 67
1795
325 00
1819
87 00
1832
103 92
1845
458 56
1857
87 89
1869
63 35
1804
200 00
1820
78 62
1833
150 41
1846
291 47
1858
50 45
1870
91 08
1808
70 00
1821
45.00
1834
150 41
1847
265 66
1859
45 43
1871
46 25
1809
70 00
1822
125 00
1835
257 05
1848
239 31
1860
60 86
1872
13 82
1810
100 00
1823
103 59
1836
300 00
1849
225 26
1861
125 19
1874
46 31
1811
75.00
1824
88 12
1837
228 69
1850
194 29
1862
92 44
1875
15 78
1812
100 00
1825
54 57
1838
544 73
1851
206 63
1863
74 25
1876
16 74
1813 ·
180 00
1826
127 67
1839
292 51
1852
164 28
1864
80 20
1877
5 15
1814
120 00
1827
233 87
1840
334 52
1853
172 92
1865
99 79
1880
9 54
1815
210 00
1828
165 35
1841
281 95
1854
124 63
1866
118 72
1881
15 72
1816
150 00
1829
123 34
1842
255 76
Monticello Academy.
1852
59 23
1855
1853
1854
74 11
1856
78 99
1857
121 88
82 45
117 18
1858
1859
116 42
187 44
1860
1861
143 20
139 30
1862
1863
143 38
92 81
1864
1865
112 99
54 79
Moravia Institute: (now) Moravia Union School, Academic Department.
1839
125 11 1847
1840
258 32
1848
1841
358 56
1849
178 98 1855
146 25 1856
87 20
1857
218 38 1863
191 75
170 30
163 35
1870
42 86
1877.
113 25
1864
107 53
1871
105 72
1878
98 69
1865
195 67
1872
110 58
1879
137 42
1842
315 09
1850
167 49
1858
102 84
1866
94 37
1873
154 97
1880
171 70
1843
264 02
1851
153 44
1859
124 79
1867
61 99
1874
190 40
1881
178 31
1844
184 84
1852
97 43
1860
182 58
1868
39 00
1875
168 36
1882
106 09
1845
163 66
1853
218 73
1861
160 46
1869
18 10
1876
128 36
1883
156 68
1846
214 32
1854
217 12
1862
135 95
Moriah Academy.
1843
82 07
1844
107 55
1845
48 91
1847
22 37
1848
31 92
1854
12.30
478
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Mount Morris Academy: (now) Mount Morris Union School, Academic De-
partment.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
1858 $135 83
1863
$139 22
1867
$167 73
$112 32
Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1871
1875
$47 35
1879
$9 82
1859
109 83
1864
89 32
1868
147 35
1872
62 20
1876
5 58
1881
55 03
1860
148 57
1865
152 62
1869
85 97
1873
57 39
1877
51 47
1882
68 15
1861
109 32,
1866
152 21
1870
101 79
1874
49 31
1878
20 78
1883
67 55
1862
260 66
Mount Pleasant Academy.
1827
129 02
1836
169 10
1843
119 51
1849
161 73
1855
132 95
1861
93 44
1828
189 84
1837
157 38
1844
139 71
1850
116 13
1856
101 63
1862
130 18
1831
142 47
1838
447 25
1845
185 04
1851
132 98
1857
82 39
1863
115 09
1832
107 50
1839
346 69
1846
82 87
1852
149 00
1858.
114 48
1864
111 18
1833
136 09
1840
223 01
1847
1834
136 09
1841
296 05
1848
97 88
93 07 1854
1853
144 68
1859
89 00
1865
113 49
136 91
1860
71 60
1866
63 93
1835
210 63
1842
320 96
Munro Academy: (now) Munro Collegiate Institute.
1839
291 94
1847
218 12
1855
230 45 1863
339 86
1870
310 74
1877
272 81
1840
512 48
1848
223 36
1856
218 59
1864
342 64
1871
323 76
1878
290 87
1841
326 68
1849
324 57
1857
192 26
1865
324 80
1872
393 94
1879
289 56
1842
176 59
1850
321 58
1858
182 40
1866
438 35
1873
252 53
1880
171 70
1843
358 59
1851
218 91
1859
289 70
1867
466 74
1874
216 13
1881
240 13
1844
283 41
1852
187 20
1860
291 77
1868
333 70
1875
215 71
1882
268 70
1845
169 12
1853
179 97
1861
312 10
1869
253 39
1876
262 31
1883
243 36
1846
80 01
1854
196 59
1862
341 49
Naples Academy: (now) Naples Union School, Academic Department.
1862
184 89
1866
115 68
1870
85 72
1874
1863
215 33
1867
142 21
1871
79 29
71875
1864
196 84
1868
108 34
1872
110 58
1876
1865
168 27
1869
72.40
1873
126 27
1877
123 50 1878
110 49 1879
117 20 1880
97 80
93 49
83 43
104 93
1881
1882
62 80
50 22
1883
64 34
Nassau Academy.
1868
85 68 1871
6 61
1872
27 64 1873
57 39
1874
30 88
Newark Union Free School: (now) Newark Union School and Academy.
1863
1864
1865
207 90 1867
226 00 1868
271 97 1869
320 88
1871
449 30
1875
572 06
1872
373 20
1876
565 62
1873
344 36
1877
173 62
156 27
102 95
1878
1879
98 69
98 16
1881
1882
140 79
89 67
1880
138 32
1883
180 24
1866
213 09
1870
498 25
1874
190 40
New Berlin Academy: (now) New Berlin Union School, Academic Department.
1846. 380 05
1851
87 97
1866
176 56 1871
634 31
1875
341 98
1879
34 35
1847
338 37
1852
66 87
1867
339 11
1872
506 71
1876
189 75
1880
14 31
1848
236 66
1853
65 28
1868
420 38
1873
332 88
1877
211 05
1881
43 24
1849
251 91
1854
31 60
1869
429 87
1874
385 95
1878
77 91
1883
135 86
1850
91 56
1865
56 74
1870
482 18
Newburgh Academy.
1808
80 00
1816
200 00
1824
105 75
1832
282 82
1839
352 11
1846
65 74
1809
100 00
1817
196 00
1825
126 87
1833
304 38
1840
280 99
1847
41 95
1810
120 00
1818
158 90
1826
238 29
1834
304 38
1841
197 37
1848
170 18
1811
110 00
1819
208 80
1827
274 18
1835
192 78
1842
195 58
1849
152 61
1812
100 00
1820
114 00
1828
97 98
1836
98 20
1843
195 99
1850
129 52
1813
180 00
1821
65 00
1829
148 15
1837
61 48
1844
148 18
1851
112 52
1814
200 00
1822
168 75
1830
200 00
1838
298 16
1845
88 51
1852
63 05
1815
190 00
1823
213 40
1831
103 63
1882
32 28
1883
102 34
New Lots Union School, Academic Department.
New Paltz Academy.
1835
110 73
1844
152 41
1852
103 16
1860
53 70
1868
47 67
1876
100 46
1836
144 56
1845
132 74
1853
111 16
1861
45 84
1869
40 72
1877
102 95
1837
118 03
1846
108 59
1854
73 72
1862
43 39
1870
117 87
1878
83 11
1838
326 83
1847
111 86
1855
74 91
1863
48 26
1871
92 50
1879
34 35
1839
373 78
1848
74 46
1856
69 03
1864
32 82
1872
76 02
1880
66 77
1840
240 85
1849
121 11
1857
40 27
1865
33 26
1873
177 92
1881
58 96
1841
178 58
1850
140 69
1858
62 09
1866
82 19
1874
138 94
1882
35 87
1842
145 43
1851
79 79
1859
60 61
1867
109 39
1875
110 49
1883
41 82
1843
157 75
1881
27 52
1882
43 04 1883
67 55
New Rochelle Union School, Academic Department.
1865
197 62
1866
New York Central Academy (McGrawville).
94 37 1867
51 05
New York Conference Seminary, New York Conference Seminary and Collegiate
Institute (Charlotteville).
1851
1852
1853
431 67
806 10
1,178 63
1854 1,314 72
1855
1857
892 80
591 47
1860
1861
250 60
188 67
1864
1865
1858
438 53
1862
149 04
1866
114 82
142 84
146 12
1868
1869
1870
208 02
224 34
332 17
1872
1873
1874
345 56
327 15
288 18
1859
268 85
1863
85 38
1867
175 03
1871
383 23
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
479
Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1849 $469 90 1852 $1,008 58
1850 600 70 1853 852 22
1851 826 51 1854 824 99
New York Free Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1855
$976 89
1856
1857
1859
1860
1,179 59
1,158 13
$737 90 1858 $1,100 70 1861 $1,119 69 1864
953 61
1,096 89
1862
1863
1,282 06
1,238 15
1865
1,105 51
New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb.
1831
503 47
1838
1,470 57
1844
1,098 04
1850
506 92
1856
582 42
1862
592 42
1832
498 09
1839
1,413 05
1845
1,242 24
1851
497 14
1857
589 64
1863
657 23
1833
613 59
1840
976 85
1846
594 36
1852
496 65
1858
593 76.
1864
741 79
1835
662 40
1841
1,013 77
1847
629 19
1859
490 52
1859
583 24
1865
849 19
1836
952 38
1842
956 53
1848
584 98
1854
489 73
1860
538 79
1866
1,397 26
1837
889 30
1843
1,010 10 1849
537 69
1855
622 68
1861
536 04
1867
1,666 40
Nichols Union School, Academic Department.
1874
10.30
1876
1875
94 70
1876
106 04 1878
102 95 1879
67 52
49 08
1880
1881
33 39
11 79
1882
14 35
1883
9 65
North Granville Ladies' Seminary.
1858
256 14
1860
1839
259 35
1861
286 40
162 22
1862
1863
166 02
200 48
1864
1865
204 14
181 97
1869
1870
99 55
112 51
1871
125 54
North Hebron Institute.
1854
22 83
1856
3 85
1857
5 48
1861
8 81
North Salem Academy.
1793
440 00
1813
100 00
1823
36 57
1837
27 05
1846
211 46
1854
68 46
1794
275 00
1814
65 00
1829
164 46
1838
361 24
1847
251 68
1856
24 93
1795
300 00
1815
50 00
1830
164 46
1840
240 85
1848
186 13
1857
10 97
1801
150 00
1818
86 26
1831
142 49
1841
291 35
1849
203 47
1858
32 98
1802
100 00
1819
58 00
1832
71 70
1842
411 24
1850
169 72
1860
28 64
1804
200 00
1820
35 38
1833
60 96
1843
382 40
1851
108 43
1861
14 10
1808
80 00
1821
12 50
1834
154 98
1844
152 41
1852
126 07
1862
24 52
1810
100 00
1822
31 25
1835
139 32
1845
132 74
1853
118 21
North Tarrytown Union School, Academic Department.
1880
23 85
1881
7 86 1882
14 35 1883
16 08
Norwich Academy: (now) Norwich Union School, Academic Department.
1843
280 00
1850
254 58
1857
1844
319 48
1851
216 85
1858
443 14 1864
430 77
349 93
1871
409 66
1878
301 26
1865
422 64
1872
359 39
1879
269 93
1845
291 06
1852
212 03
1859
477 17
1866
410 96
1873
252 53
1880
287 40
1846
308 61
1853
254 08
1860
431 39
1867
408 40
1874
195 55
1881
311 93
1847
307 61
1854
359 84
1861
446 11
1368
598 06
1875
276 75
1882
298 36
1848
345 67
1855
285 85
1862
237 72 1869
547 52
1876
189 75
1883
315 00
1849
251 91 → 1856
490 47
1863
337 84 1870
585 74
1877
190 45
Nunda Literary Institute.
1846
402 91
1849
1847
251 68
1850
164 72
223 32
1852
160 46
1855
416 59
1858
467 64
1853
151 75
1856
459 80
1859
1848
119 66
1851
229 13
1854
324 73
1857
397 36
1860
473 37
179 09
1861
1862
275 07
309 41
Nunda Academy: (now) Nunda Union School, Academic Department.
1868
1869
1870
320 70 1871
266 97
246 44
1872
1873
185 01
179 69 1875
137 75 1877
1874
118 36
99 96
82 36
1878
1879
83 11
83 43
1880
1881
104 93
129 72
1882
1883
111 19
99 72
Ogdensburg Academy; Ogdensburg Educational Institute.
1838
101 53
1844
236 10 1850
243 42
1856
220 51
1862
269 77
1868 ·
82 34
1839
100 58
1845
220 05
1851
270 05
1857
238 05
1863
233 89
1869
171 94
1840
114 57
1846
251 46
1852
284 62
1858
225 58
1864
191 37
1870
107 15
1841
220 21
1847
327 19
1853
310 55
1859
276 46
1865
156 53
1871
85 90
1842
171 97
1848
268 56
1854
254 52
1860
257 76
1866
170 47
1872
103 68
1843
123 09
1849
109 00
1855
211 51
1861
260 96
1867
40 11
•
Ogdensburg (Free) Academy
1882
136 30
1883
257 35
Olean Union School, Academic Department: (formerly) Olean Academy.
1853
1854
1855
1856
77 64
91 27
1857
1859
75 07
128.77
1862
198 10
1866
130 90
1877
66 92
1881
90 41
1863
206 04
1867
76 57
1878
72 72
1882
75 33
48 75
1860
241 65
1864
185 99
1861
208 06
1865
111 53
170 23
1868
43 34
1879
49 08
1883
115 81
1874
20 58
1880
19 08
Oneida Institute of Science and Industry (Whitesboro').
1829
83 16
1832
1830
83 16
1833
1831
135 43
1831
117 20 1835
193 72 1836
193 72 1837
142 00
210 03
134 50
1838
1839
280 85
187 92
1840
1811
170 79
57 28
1842
1843
122 50
86 82
480
:
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Oneida Seminary.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
$198 10 1864
265 45 1865
1860
1861
$202 27
190 43
1862
1863
$256 98
148 71
1866
1867
$173 52
182 32
1868
1869
$195 02
153 84
1870
1871
$128 58
92 50
Oneonta Union School, Academic Department.
<
1875
10 52
1876
33 49
1877
1878
56 62
57 13
1879
1880
78 52
114 47
1881
117 93
1882
149 02
1883
208 81
Onondaga Academy.
1814
250 00
1826
102 14
1839
273 40
1850
256 81
1862
169 80
1873
109 04
1815
340 00
1827
120 96
1840
258 32
1851
196 40
1863
172 63
1874
123 50
1816
250 00
1828
97 98
1841
203 19
1852
206 30
1864
211 41
1875
110 49
1817
248 50
1829
102 34
1842
159 28
1853
268 20
1865
225 02
1876
133 94
1818
95 34
1832
54 96
1843
143 42
1854
296 65
1866
289 19
1877
154 42
1819
104 40
1833
49 88
1844
163 28
1855
188 35
1867
371 93
1878
114 27
1820
114 00
1834
49 88
1845
182 76
1856
191 75
1868
277 36
1879
142 33
1821
85 00
1835
46 54
1846
285 75
1857
102 53
1869
162 89
1880
171 70
1822
225 00
1836
37 97
1847
167 79
1859
49 23
1870
150 01
1881
200 82
1823
128 04
1837
74 45
1848
146 25
1860
241 65
1871
66 07
1882
153 48
1824
70 50
1838
302 86 1849
232 54
1861
162 22
1872
124 40
1883
133 68
1825
108 75
Ontario Female Seminary (Canandaigua).
1827
201 61
1836
217 00 1844
261 86
1852
362 94
1860
191 53
1868
286 03
1828
300 07
1837
309 15
1845
343 70
1853
361 71
1861
208 06
1869
203 62
1829
182 75
1838
626 74
1846
357 19
1854
347 55
1862
249 14
1870
192 87
1830
182 75
1839
481 93
18.17
329 99
1855
272 55
1863
258 02
1871
171 79
1831
208 32
1340
358 31
1848
446 72
1856
293 38
1864
258 80
1872
138 22
1832
256 38
1841
322 70
1849
448 10
1857
274 67
1865
248 50
1873
86 09
1833
216 09
1842
245 85
1850
497 99
1858
211 50
1866
197 87
1874
72 04
1834
216 09
1843
⚫234 69
1851
390 76
1859
213 97
1867
127 62
1875
15 78
1835
293 54
Oswego High School.
1859
183 72
1864
260 63
1868
186 35
1872
276 44
1876
}
368 34
1880
453 11
1860
182 58
1865
246 54
1869
194 57
1873
86 09
1877
432 38
1881
412 02
1861
229 22
1866
273 97
1870
176 80
1874
169 82
1878
477 86.
1882
360 75
1862
222 43
1867
204 20
1871
257 69
1875
210 44
1879
441 71
1883
402 38
1863
245 03
Ovid Academy.
1829
197 37
1835
110 98
1841
211 16
1847
120 25
1853
238 20
1859
198 81
1830
197 37
1836
84 07
1842
190 44
1848
186 13
1854
289 63
1860
207 64
1831
251 05
1837
77 29
1843
149 94
1849
130 81
1855
314 66
1861
176 33
1832
187 78
1838
239 42
1844
200 24
1850
100 50
1856
354 74
1862
128 29
1833
66 49
1839
134 38
1845
90 02
1851
94 10
1857
349 75
1863
89 10
1834
66 44
1840
237 49
1846
145 74
1852
126 07
1858
350 91
Ovid Union School, Academic Department.
1873
1874
11 48
46 31
1875
1876
47 35
11. 16.
1877
1878
25 74
41 55
1879
1880
53 99
52 47
1881
1882
19 65
21 52.
1883
32 17
Owego Academy: (now) Owego Free Academy.
1828
104 85
1838
250 40
1848
159 54
1857
188 60
1866
432 27
1875
247 28
1829
149 40
1839
331 14
1849
167 14
1858
211 50
1867
390 16
1876
279 05
1830
149 40
1840
368 41
1850
252 34
1859
215 87
1868
446 38
1877
277 96
1831
168 10
1841
394 23
1851
298 59
1860
184 37
1869
705 89
1878
264 90
1832
158 40
1842
367 45
1852
387 77
1861
317 39
1870
144 65
1879
279 74
1833
158 40
1843
276 00
1853
359 95
1862
413 18
1871
151 97
1880
243 25
1834
158 40
1844
189 21
1854
396 70
1863
400 96
1872
200 42
1881
220 13
1835
174 00
1845
301 45
1855
394 44
1864
490 28
1873
275 48
1882
663 14
1836
124 74
1846
308 61
1856
264 61
1865
369 81
1874
257 30
1883
950 01
1837
50 27*
1847
181 77
Oxford Academy.
1794
325 00
1829
139 44
1840
799 04
1851
302 78
1862
301 87
1873
189 40
1795
275 00
1830
139 44
1841
730 77
1852
150 91
1863
321 13
1874
174 96
1808
70 00
1831
107 76
1842
481 18
1853
112 92
1864
368 16
1875
136 79
1809
80 00
1832
114 50
1843
408 00
1854
128 14
1865
455 90
1876
111 62
1821
37 50
1833
154 30
1844
347 39
1855
427 66
1866
645 36
1877
41 18
1822
150 00
1834
154 80
1845
415 80
1856
377 74
1867
605 30
1878
72 72
1823
195 11
1835
300 77
1846
511 50
1857
373 55
1868
572 06
1879
73 62
1824
258 00
1836
321 12
1847
120 25
1858
318 22
1869
592 77
1880
85 85
1825
72.50
1837
983 90・ 1848
. 186 13
1859
274 56
· 1870
471 46-
1881
90 41
1826
76 60
1838
902 80
1849
346 36
1860
408 12
1871
264 29
1882
144 78
1827
185 48
1839
871 95
1850
252 34
1861
363 23-
1872
317 91-
1883
144 81
1828
146 97
Oyster Bay Academy.
1803
375 00
1812
80 00
1808
80 00
1813
150 00
1818
1819
95 40 1824
29 37
1828
61 24
1832
63 80
1825
45 50
1829
108 00
1833
117 20
160 25
1809
80 00
1814
80 00 · 1820
25 52
1826
42 60
1830
298 38
1834
160 23
1810
100 00
1815
30.00
1821
20 00
1827
64 57
1831
115 75
1835
71 00
1811
75 00
1817
66 50
1823
48 87
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 481
Packer Collegiate Institute (Brooklyn).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1856 $825 64 1861 $1,049 16
1866
$703 20
1871
$773 06
1876
$580 42
1880
$338 64
1857
602 45
1862
435 61
1867
430 28
1872
974 46
1877
638 28
1881
452 05
1858
727 75
1863
684 97
1868
598 06
1873
1,015 88
1878
467 48
1882
566 71
1859
790 25
1864
701 69
1869
547 52
1874
869 67
1879
456 43
1883
501 83
1860
819 82
1865
714 18
1870
851 84
1875
694 48
1879
29 49
1880
Painted Post Union School, Academic Department.
81 08 1881
91 48 1882
75 22
1883
54 69
Palatine Bridge Union School, Academic Department.
1860
16 11
1863
1861
38.89
1865
42 69
9.79
1874
1875
5 15 1876
15 78 1879
5 58
19 63
1880
1881
19 08
27 52
1882
1883
32 28
9 65
1862
45 27
1873
22 96
Palmyra Classical Union School.
1857
106 19
1862 .
250 93
1867
288 07 1872
525 25
1876
195 33
1880
305 25
1858
225 58
1863
367 54
1868
190 69
1873
510 80
1877
185 31
1881
386 23
1859
289 70
1864
362 69
1869
357 47
1874
442 56
1878
259 71
1882
338 15
1860
309 67
1865
352 20
1870
417 89
1875
299 89
1879
269 93
1883
370 40
1861
255 67
1866
343 99
1871
528 59
Palmyra High School.
1833
229 38
1834
229 38
1835
214 80 1836
141 12
1837
91 61
Parker Union School, Academic Department (Clarence).
1878
140 24
1879
142 33
1880
128 78
Parma Institute.
1881
152 58
1882
152 61
1883
145 20
1868
190 69
1869
162 89
1870
53 58
Peekskill Academy.
1839
216 68
1844
182 05
1849
111 42
1854
80 74
1859
96 57
1864
111 18
1840
151 64
1845
189 06
1850
122 83
1855
130 74
1860.
107 40
1865
74 35
1841
122 18
1846
137 16
1851
122 75
1856
134 23
1861
105 79
1866
51 75
1842
70 22
1847
123.04
1852
97 42
1857
109 86
1862
118 86
1867
36 46
1843
90 83
1848
138 27
1853
132 32
1858
97 02
1863
111 37
Penfield Seminary.
1860
100 24
1862
1861
134 01
1863
143 33
170 77
1864
1865
91 13
1866
172 19 1867
121 77
72 93
1868
60 67
1869
18 10
Penn Yan Academy.
1860
182 58
1864
224 18
1868
368 37
1872
248 80
1876
133 94
1880
262 33
1861
271 54
1865
340 46
1869
235 29
1873
109 04
1877
133 83
1881
241 19
1862
209 45
1866
526 64
1870
150 01
1874
144 09
1878
181 80
1882
198 69
1863
126 22
1867
649 06
1871
171 79
1875
131 53
1879
196 31
1883
159 19
Perry Centre Institute.
1813
189 31
1844
114 74 1845
110 57
Perry Academy: (now) Perry Union School, Academic Department.
1854
1855
1856
235 21
1859
215 86
1864
156 74
1869
248 87
1874
149 23
1879
176 69
323 52
1860
171 84
1865
156 53
1870
112 51
1875
147 31
1880
138 32
219 27
1861
216 88
1866
143 07
1871
118 93
1876
128 36
1881
154 38
1857
128 17
1862
186 78
1867
244 31
1872
152 04
1877
123 54
1882-
190 65
1858
85 38
1863
172 63
1868
117 02
1873
212 36
1878
114 27
1883
194 76
Peterboro' Academy.
1852
126 07 1854,
1853
134 09
1855
26 34
86 42
1856
1857
34 51
69 57
1858
1859
27 17
73 85
1860
42 96
1862
1861
28 21
1864
43 39
67 45
Phelps Union and Classical School.
1858
176 58
1863
72 39
1868
203 69
1872
145 14
1876
55 81
1880
143 09
1859
1860
90 89
1864
58 33
1869
276 02
1873
114 79
1877
66 92
1881
164 38
123 51
1865
74. 34
1870
198 23
1874
61 75
1878
*134 77
1882
213 37
1861
1862
65 21
1866
120 74
1867
112 63
145 86
1871
165 18
1875
73 66
1879
157 06
1883
141 94
Phonix Union School, Academic Department.
1
1877
1878
108 10
176 60
1879
225 76 1880
209 86
1881
206 34 1882
192 16
1883
223 10
*Of this sum $30.88 was for the year 1876-7, but not included in the apportionment of that year.
61
482
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Phipps Union Seminary (Albion).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
Amount.
Years. Amount.
1839 $543 56
1846
$431 49
1852
$605 53
1858
$310 46
1863
$222 75
1868
$199 35
1841
393 29
1847
427 86
1853
619 31
1859
253 48
1864
205 96
1870
541 09
1842
289 10
1848
335 04
1854
612 60
1860
255 97
1865
203 49
1871
112 33
1843
344 91
1849
450 52
1855
449 82
1861
248 62
1866
301 37
1872
62 20
1844
346 84
1850
560 52
1856
370 08
1862
230 17
1867
156 80
1874
36 02
1845
338 98
1851
650 57
1857
335 11
Pike Seminary.
1860
200 48
1864
246 05
1868
121 35
1872
145 14
1876
122 78
1880
76 31
1861
245 09
1865
271 97
1869
171 95
1873
160 70
1877
144 13
1881
82 55
1862
215 07
1866
270 93
1870
144 65
1874
118 36
1878.
145 44
1882
115 43
1863
209 76
1867
266 18
1871
145 36
1875
163 10
1879
147 24
1883
110 16
Plattsburgh Academy: (now) Plattsburgh High School.
1829
162 40
1839
276 60
1848
324 40
1857
318 63
1867
25 52
1876
217 66
1830
162 40
1840
253 46
1849
365 75
1858
310 46
1868
39 00
1877
221 34
1831
78 45
1841
100 40
1850
399 73
1859
195 01
1869
36 20
1878
275 29
1832
116 96
1842
97 34
1851
368 25
1860
128 88
1870
112 51
1879
171 78
1833
126 06
1843
87 94
1852
383 95
1861
75 82
1871
270 90
1880
104 93
1834
286 50
1844
89 19
1853
329 95
1862
116 97
1872
179 69
1881
98 27
1836
41 90
1845
66 02
1854
272 08
1863
215 33
1873
160 70
1882
104 67
1837
53 10
1846
171 45
1855
808 00
1864
143 98
1874
185 26
1883
185 81
1838
212 74
1847
260 07
1856
299 17
1866
70 01
1875
215 71
Pompey Academy.
1812
90 00
1824
99 88
1836
127 48 1848
90 41
1860
53 70
1872
20 73
1813
200 00
1825
126 87
1837
108 78
1849
125 95
1861
54 66
1873
11 48
1814
260 00
1826
102 14
1838
352 11
1850
116 13
1862
20 75
1874
10 30
1815
230 00
1827
112 89
1839
305 84
1851
81 83
1863
50 12
1876
11 16
1816
200 00
1828
110 23
1840
220 82
1852
55 41
1864
78 37
1877
5 15
1817
91 00
1829
87 72
1841
163 36
1853
165 85
1865
64 57
1878
31 17
1818
199 76
1830
87 72
1842
145 43
1854
157 98
1866
70 01
1879
19 63
1819
185 60
1831
48 12
1843
94 53
1855
104 15
1867
61 99
1880
14 31
1820
15 72
1832
54 96
1844
98 59
1856
47 94
1868
99 68
1881
31 45
1821
22 50
1833
39 90
1845
95 48
1857
98 87
1869
1
117 64
1882
46 63
1822
50 00
1834
39 90
1846
57 16
1858
75 67
1870
42 86
1883
58 69
1823
79 26
1835
146 78
1847
89 49
1859
140 10
1871
33 04
Port Byron Free School and Academy.
1859
87 12
1864
83 85
1868
56 34
1872
76 02
1876
44 65
1880
133 55
1860
273 87
1865
109 57
1869
67 87
1873
109 04
1877
97 80
1881
197 95
1861
199 24
1866
85 23
1870
69 65
1874
92 63
1878
83 11
1882
162 06
1862
154 90
1867
32 82
1871
72 68
1875
73 66
1879
112 88
1883
152 24
1863
103 94
Port Henry Union School, Academic Department.
1878
135 05
1879
117 79 1880
124 01 1881
70 76 1882
68 15
1883
58 69
Port Jervis Union School, Academic Department.
1868
1869
1870
34 67
40 72
96 43
1871
1872
1873
46 25
1874
66 90
1877
82 94
86 09
1875
73 66
1878
1876
111 62
1879
97 80 1980
93 49 1881
161 96
219 40
1882
286 19
306 61
1883
500 00
Portville Union School, Academic Department.
1882
7 18
1883
25 74
Poughkeepsie Collegiate School.
1838
389 91
1840
365 74
1841
512 22
Poughkeepsie Female Academy.
1836
92 71
1844
279 42
1849
208 31
1854
243 94
1858
190 18
1862
183 00
1837
140 16
1845
261 46
1850
221 09
1855
201 64
1859
128 76
1863
209 76
1838
366 97
1846
274 32
1851
245 50
1856
159 15
1860
134 25
1864
220 53
1839
238 36
1847
240 49
1852
303 72
1857
164 80
1861
125 19
1865
180 01
1843
95 61
1848
255 27
1853
298 19
Poughkeepsie High School.
1875
1876
105 22
100 46
1877
1878
231 63
244 13
1879
1880
255 21
329 10
1881
334 12
1882
235 97
1883
248 66
Prattsville Academy.
1849
29 10
1850
87 10
1851
1854
312 44
49 10 1852.
40 13
Princetown Academy.'
Prospect Academy.
1850
116 13
1851
227 09
1852
143 26
1853
1854
1856
105 87
207 12
1857
36 61
1860
100 24
1859
33 81
1861
105 79
28 76
1859
98 58
1862
132 06
1863
1864
1865
144 79
123 93
130 10
1866
1867
1868
82 19
160 44
134 35
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
483
Pulaski Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1858
1859
$118 36 1863
136 35 1864
$133 65
1868
$411 70
1872
$497 60
1876
$373 93
1880
171 30
$152 63
1869
221 72
1873
637 07
1877
313 99
1881
172 95
1860
168 26
1865
230 89
1870
750 05
1874
602 08
1878
353 20
1882
175 76
1861
169 27
1866
310 50
1871
588 05
1875
526 12
1879
230 66
1883
185 98
1862
132 06
1867
408 39
Putnam Union School, Academic Department (Cambridge).
I
1882
14 35
1883
13 65
Red Creek Union Academy.
1846
305 76
1852
345 15
1858
291 56
1864
246 07
1870
37 50
1878
57 13
1847
304 82
1853
162 33
1859
302 96
1865
315 02
1871
99 11
1879
39 26
1848
321 74
1854
147 44
1860
293 56
1866
91 32
1872
76 02
1880
119 24
1849
290 66
1855
190 56
1861
149 89
1867
185 97
1873
28 70
1881
148 65
1850
308 18
1856
295 29
1862
190 56
1868
112 68
1874
66 90
1882
158 48
1851
439 86
1857
309 48
1863
172 63
1869
63 35
1877
30 89
1883
109 29
Red Hook Academy.
1829
172 68
1832
100 34
1835
64 37 1837
39 35
1839
75 84
1841
98 65
1830
172 68
1833
136 09
1836
70 90
1838
68 82
1840
75 82
1842
70 22
1831
142 49
1834
136 08
Rensselaerville Academy.
1844
63 76
1849
92 05
1854
49 15
1859
35 96
1876
122 78
1880
52 47
1845
159 44
1850
118 36
185.3
44 31
1860
51 91
1877
51 47
1881
27 52
1846
188 60
1851
126 84
1856
116 97
1863
18 56
1878
77 91
1882
61 63
1847
170 59
1852
106 98
1857
18 30
1875
63 13
1879
34 35
1883
74 17
1848
151 57
1853
81 16
1858
58 21
Rensselaer Institute (Troy).
1815
1846
83 64
102 87
1847
1848
103 48
103 71
1849
96 89 1850
145 15
1851
108 43
1852
112 71
Rhinebeck Academy: (now) Rhinebeck Union School, Academic Department.
1840
1841
138 20
94.00
1844
156 64
1848
138 27
1852
78 33
1856
86 29
1880
42 93
1845
156 88
1849
205 89
1853
58 23
1877
56 62
1881
39 31
1842
125 37
1846
97 16
1850
127 29
1854
63 19
1878
57 13
1882
25 11
1843
143 41
1847
97 88
1851
122 75
1855
53 17
1879
44 17
Richburgh Academy.
1850
76 16
1853
74 11
1856
103 54
1859
51 12
1862
47 16
1865
107 62
1851
198 45
1854
96 55
1857
1852
210 12
1855
39 88
1858
58 59
93 14
1860
16 11
1863
35 26
1866
127 85
1861
42 31
1864
27 34
Ridgebury Academy.
1839
189 60
1841
230 27
1813
52 60 1844
105 85
1845
88 51
1846
42 89
1840
165 02
1812
205 61
Riga Academy.
1816
1847
142 88
279 65
1849
1850
220 42
225 55
1851
1852
198 45
105 07
1853
1856
227 61 1859
97 79 1860
94 66
1861
162 22
159 31
1863
68 38
1848
260 59
Rochester High School; Rochester Collegiate Institute.
1829
240 89
1834
466 20
1838
725 18
1842
327 82
1846
380 05
1849
288 24
1830
240 00
1835
340 56
1839
547 55
1843
370 85
1847
232 10
1850
330 50
1832
318 46
1836
445 23
1840
552 07
1844
413 54
1848
265 90
1851
130 93
1833
466 20
1837
372 47
1841
393 29
1845
283 64
Rochester Female Academy.
1838
375 30
1845
144 23
1852
34 40
1864
76 55
1872
48 38
1878
31 17
1839
295 75
1846
148 59
1858
120 30
1865
66 53
1873
80 35
1879
19 63
1840
166 66
1847
114 65
1859
121 18
1866
51 75
1874
25 73
1880
23 85
1841
91 51
1848
95 73
1860
110 98
1868
73 67
1875
42 09
1881
15 72
1842
103 25
1849
104 16
1861
84 63
1869
76 92
1876
44 65
1882
21 52
1843
111 52
1850
96 03
1862
115 08
1870
91 08
1877
25 74
1883
12 87
1844
133 41
1851
58 88
1863
90 95
1871
72 68
Rochester (Free) Academy.
1862
292 43
1866
203 96
1872
1863
295 14
1867
437 56
1873
179 69
241 05
1864
371 79
1868
299 03
1874
730 73
1875
1876
1877
1,004 89
1878
1,262 18
1881
1,277 53
1,439 90
་
1879
1,305 49
1882
1,215 93
1,297 15
1880
1,426 10
1883
926 46
1865
219 15
1871
105 72
Rogersville Union Seminary.
1858
147 47
1862
1859
132 55
1863
175 46
94 67
1866
161 34
1870
348 24
1874
138 94
1879
44 17
1867
240 66
1871
376 62
1876
44 65
1880
19 08
1860
180 79
1864
151 27
1868
277 36
1872
269 53
1877
56 62
1881
19 65
1861
169 27
1865
66 53
1869
144 79
1873
143 49
1878
25 97
1882
3 59
484
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Rome Academy: (now) Rome (Free) Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years.
1849
1850
$249 49
1855
$339 03
1861
$324 52
261 28
1856
245 44
1862
175 46
364 04
Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
$186 90 1867
1868
1873
$286 97
1879
$505 50
1874
262 45
1880
476 95
1851
317 11
1657
210 57
1863
252 45
1869
438 92
1875
273 58
1881
463 85
1852
341 93
1858
213 44
1864
287 96
1870
326 81
1576
262 31
1882
411 18
1853
377 59
1859
229 12
1865
1854
347 55
1860
191 53
1866
250 45
252 66 1872
1871
310 54
1877
504 45
1883
336-04
304 08
1878
524 61
Rural Seminary (East Pembroke).
1857
157 46
1862
98 19
1866
106 54 1870
101 79
1874
66 90
1878
51 94
1858
149 41
1863
79 82
1867
215 14
1871
264 29
1875
52 61
1879
88 34
1859
75 75
1860
1861
1864
66 23 1865
84 63
25 66
1868
156 01
1872
211 24
1876
27 91
1880
23 85
97 83
1869
135 74
1873
172 18
1877
15 44
1882
10 76
Rushford Academy: (now) Rushford Union School, Academic Department.
1858
1859
1860
273 60
396 75
461 82
1861
1862
394 97
1864
324 42
1867
54 70
1876
55 81
1880
38 16
439 60
1865
166 32
1868
47 67
1877
41 18
1881
23 59
1863
278 44
1866
158 30
1875
36 83
1879
44 17
1883
3 22
Rushville Union School, Academic Department.
1871
1872
52 86
41 41
1873
1876
40 18
39 07
1877
1878
41 18
20 78
1879
1880
34 35 1881
42 98 1882
51 10
78.91
1883
41 82
Rutgers' Female Institute (New York City).
1839
894 63
1844
1,562 08
1849
653 96
1854
549 41
1859
265 05
1863
168 92
1840
1,195 35
1845
1,534 14
1850
643 10
1855
525 18
1860
216 59
1864
216 88
1841
1,614 52
1846
697 23
1851
482 81
1856
427 20
1861
280 36
1865
170 23
1842
1,540 36
1847
665 55
1832
447 00
1857
309 49
1862
228 28
1866
121 77
1843
1,496 21
1848
63S 16
1853
532 87
1858
302 70
Sag Harbor Institute; Sag Harbor Union School.
1849
26 67
1852
40 13
1855
37 66
1850
67 00
1853
31 76
1856
47 94
1858
1859
1851
69 55
1854
24 58
1857
38 45
118 36
39 78
1860
1861
St. Lawrence Academy (Potsdam).
216 59
26 44
1862
56 60
1878
46 75
1818
193 80
1828
349 03
1837
347 75
1846
431 49
1855
108 58
1863
228 31
1820
15 73
1829
359 24
1838
652 67
1847
369 13
1856
141 89
1864
253 34
1821
30 00
1830
359 24
1839
515 50
1848
284 52
1857
236 23
1865
180 01
1822
100 00
1831
434 09
1840
611 00
1849
290 66
1858
236 73
1865-6
158 29
1823
121 95
1832
321 45
1841
433 93
1850
279 14
1859
232 89
1866
152 21
1824
170 37
1833
286 50
1842
506 17
1851
253 68
1860
279 24
1867
539 66
1825
172 18
1834
286 50
1843
410 31
1852
240 68
1861
315 63
1868
606 73
1826
255 32
1835
324 81
1844
464 32
1853
248 79
1862
235 83
1869
547 52
1827
314 51
1836
374 29
1845
422 98
1854
212 40
Sand Lake Academy.
1845
1846
34 00
134 31
1847
1848
148 21 1849
143 59 1850
113 85
107 20
1851
1852
110 47
61 14
1853
1854
59 99
1855
81 99
59 68
1856
111 21
Sandy Creek Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
92 63
57 87
1876
1877
66 97
72 06
1878
1879
77 91
137 42
1890
1881
152 63
154 38
1882
200 65
1883
232 68
Sandy Hill Union School, Academic Department.
1871
1872
66 07
152 04
1874
1875
195 55
173 62
1876
1877
66 97
87 51
1878
1879
119 46
117 79
1880
1881
133 55
269 02
1882
1883
278 58
257 02
1873
154 97
1866
73 06
Sans Souci Seminary (Ballston Spa).
Saratoga Springs Union School, Academic Department.
1872
1873
62 20
120 53
1874
1875
92 63
136 79
1876
1877
156 27
135 98
1878
1879
145 44
93 25
1880
133 55
1881
110 07
1882
1883
132 71
161 06
Saugerties Academy,
1858
97 02
1859
102 25
1860
105 61
1861
100 50
1862
66 13
1863
33 41
Sauquoit Academy.
1849
138 08
1855
137 39
1860
46 54
1866
39 57
1873
22.96
1878
31 17
1850
178 65
1856
256 94
1861
126 95
1867
131 27
1874
10 30
1879
328 82
1851
272 10
1857
221 58
1862
96 22
1868
134 35
1875
47 35
1880
343 41
1852
269 34
1858
168 81
1863
79 82
1869
95 02
1876
39 07
1881
319 47
1853
264 67
1859
140 11
1864
92 96
1871
19 82
1877
10 30
1883
57 00
1854
157 98
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
485
Schenectady Academy; Schenectady Lyceum and Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1793 $310 00
1823
$121 95
1829
$57 75
1838
$238 62
1844
$470 55
1850
$397 50
1794
400 00
1824
141 00
1831
46 21
1839
405 48
1815
475 68
1851
362 11
1819
232 00
1825
226 56
18:2
179 41
1840
381 76
1846
580 08
1852
363 94
1820
78 62
1826
153 19
1835
311 61
1841
336 27
1847
520 13
1853
358 19
1821
37 50
1827
80 64
1836
271 43
1842
347 52
1848
523 83
1854
198 35
1822
168 75
1828
110 23
1837
109 40
1843
494 32
1849
518 32
1855
259 26
Schenectady Union School; Schenectady Union Classical Institute.
1856
197 50
1861
250 38
1866
240 49
1872
158 95
1876
312 53
1880
391 10
1857
208 76
1862
317 15
1869
176 47
1873
275 48
1877
231 63
1881
452 05
1858
260 51
1863
315 57
1870
192 87
1874
329 34
1878
275 29
1882
416 07
1859
246 15
1864
246 05
1871
198 22
1875
336 72
1879
27: 84
1883
398 90
1860
229 19
1865
207 41
Schenectady Young Ladies' Seminary.
Schenevus Union School, Academic Department.
1838
231 05
1882
82 50
1883
112 77
Schoharie Academy: (now) Schoharie Union School, Academic Department.
1838
87 17
1846
148 59
1854
133 40
1862
101 88
1869
683 27
1877
272 81
1839
99 64
1847
190 16
1855
101 93
1863
131 79
1870
166 08
1878
212 96
1840
66 98
1848
260 59
1836
185 99
1864
149 44
1871
236 86
1879
220 85
1841
101 90
1849
411 77
1857
161 14
1865
133 06
1972
214 24
1880
257 56
1842
255 21
1850
397 50
1858
176 58
1866
91 32
1874
185 26
1881
240 47
1813
140 28
1851
360 06
1859
178 00
1867
207 84
1875
242 01
1882
280 10
1844
173 05
1852
202 48
1860
162 89
1863
580 72
1876
295 59
1883
186 89
1845
122 84
1853
202 91
1861
163 98
Schuylerville Academy: (now) Schuylerville Union School, Academic Department.
1839
29 42
1845
78 24
1851
257 77
1856
166 82
1861
239 80
1879
68 71
1840
104 10
1846
171 45
1852
95 52
1857
162 97
1362
47 26
1880
52 47
1841
116 58
1847
167 79
1853
151 75
1858
238 67
1863
70 53
1881
74 69
1842
152 50
1848
202 09
1854
186 06
1859
174 20
1864
80 14
1882
101 09
1843
128 95
1849
251 91
1855
188 35
1860
191 53
1865
52 83
1883
52 60
1844
104 93
1850
225 55
Seneca Falls Academy: (now) Seneca Falls Free Academy.
1838
176 10
1846
231 46
1854
163 25
1862
124 52
1870
91 08
1877
190 45
1839
310 47
1847
195 76
1855
159 55
1863
51 97
1871
52 86
1878
192 19
1840
212 49
1848
191 45
1856
143 81
1864
63 80
1872
138 22
1879
161 92
1841
247 02
1849
205 89
1857
150 15
1865
135 00
1873
109 04
1880
152 62
1842
197 36
1850
191 29
1858
168 81
1866
106 54
1874
102 92
1881
259 78
1843
192 31
1851
208 67
1859
160 94
1867
40 11
1875
105 22
1882
309 56
1844
172 53
1852
191 02
1860
87 71
1869
58 82
1876
117 20
1883
268 15
1845
169 12
1853
208 20
1861
134 01
Seward Female Seminary (Rochester).
1839
259 84
1841
1840
204 85
1812
128 05
1843
36 14 1816
44 10 1847
94.30 1848
215 32
207 4
1849
1950
191 36
218 85
1851
1853
206 63
114 69
Seymour Smith Academy (Pine Plains).
1879
68 71
1880
76 31
1881
90 41
1882
125 43
1833
120 34
Sherburne Union Academy.
1839
182 16
1842
1840
358 84
1843
1841
302 88
1844
266 85
404 00
223 33
1815
1846
1847
187 11 1848
68 59 1849
184 57 1850
170 18
150 19
1851
81 83
1854
89 92
1852
135 62
1855
68 69
46.90
1853
100 57
1856
92 04
Sherburne Union School, Academic Department.
1868
60 67
1869
117 64
1871
1872
1870
133 94
1873
185 01
214 24
160 70
1874
1875
1876
144 09
105 22 1878
44 65 1879
1877
30 89
1830
20 78
1881
85 85
102 20
1882
1883
111 09
150 16
63 80
Sherman Academy (Moriah).
1874
1875
46 31
105 22
1876
1877
150 69 1878
108 10 1879
150 63
137 42
1880
1881
147 88
165 09
1882
129 13
1883
112 59
Sherman Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
30 88
121 01
1876
1877
100 46 1878
72 06 1879
77 91 1880
83 43 1881
62 00 1892
55 03
66 63 1883
86 69
1880
14 31
1881
1883
72 12
Silver Creek Union School, Academic Department.
66 83 1882
108 15 1883
121 34
Sinclairville Union School, Academic Department.
486
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
:
Skaneateles Union School, Academic Department.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
* 1871
1872
1873
$59 47
82 94
74 61
1874
1875
$66 90
73 66
1876
1877
$69 29 1878
190 45 1879
$150 63
1880
152 15
1881
$114 47
145 44
1882
1883
$154 89
183 32
Smithville Union School, Academic Department.
1879
53 99
1880
66 77
1881
35 38 1882
69 55
1883
52 25
Sodus Academy.
1854
270 31
1839
195 01
1864
176 79
1969
117 64
1874
509 45
1879
284 65
1855
206 08
1860
207 64
1865
136 97
1870
133 94
1875
405 11
1880
166 77
1856
145 72
1861
188 67
1866
304 42
1871
548 41
1876
379 51
1881
133 65
1857
128 17
1862
200 00
1867
346 41
1872
504 51
1877
236 78
1882
180 76
1858
131 94
1863
219 04
1868
468 05
1873
539 50
1878
244 13
1883
221 58
Spencer Union School, Academic Department.
1877
36 03
1879
4 91
1880
28 62
1881
1878
10 39
50 38
1882
94 56
1883
53 04
Spencertown Academy.
1849
31 52
1850
33 50
1853
1854
42 35
1857
80 56 · 1861
81 11
1864
29 16
1867
32 82
50 91
1858
102 84
1862
96 22
1865
48 92
1872
41 47
1851
45 00
. 1855
152 90
1859
26 51
1863
66 82
1866
27 40
1873
22 96
1852
-36 31
1856
95 87
1860
78 76
S. S. Seward Institute (Florida, Orange Co.).
1
1848
170 18
1854
242 23
1859
187 41
1864
164 03
1869
72 40
1874
72.04
1849.
121 11
1855
288 07
1860
187 95
1865
129 14
1870.
32 14
1875
42 09
鯊
​1850
136 22
1856
241 61
1861
186 90
1866
133 94
1871
33 04
1876
44 65
1851
272 10
1857
205 09
1862
139 61
1867
102 10
1872
6 91
1878
36 36
K
1852
326 64
1858
195 98
1863
87 24
1868
82 34
1873
5 74
1883
3 22
1853
282 31
Spring Mills Academy (Allegany Co.).
1862
124 52
1863
51 97
1864
109 36
Stamford Seminary.
1876
39 07
1877
61 77
Starkey Seminary (Eddytown).
1848
79 77
1854
238 72
1860
232 70
1866
103 50
1872
193 51
1878
51 94
1849
138 08
1855
274 68
1861
171 04
1867
145 86
1873
172 18
1879
53 99
1850
185 35
1856
270 37
1862
122 63
1868
169 02
1874
149 23
1880
71 54
1851
157 53
1857
186 77
1863
180 06
1869
190 04
1875
131 53
1881
110 07
1852
210 12
1858
217 32
1864
173 15
1870
155 37
1876
89 29
1882
172 16
1853
247 03
1859
208 30
1865
152 62
1871
165 18
1877
113 23
1883
125 46
Steuben Academy.
1827
120 96
1828
116 35
1829
50 48
1830
50 48
Stillwater Academy.
1838
217 57
1841
1839
352 04
1842
1840
291 65
1843
236 28
204 41
155 33
1844
1845
1846
149 53 1847
185 82 1848
248 61 1849
192 96
188 79
135 65
1850
1851
133 99
77 74
1852
1853
70 69
104 11
1831
58 30
1832
53 80
Sullivan County Academy (Bloomingburgh).
Susquehannah Seminary (Binghamton).
1858
364 79
1859
318 09
1860
193 32
Syracuse Academy.
1839
1839
366 19
291 94
1840
289 48
1841
270 92
1842
294 33
1843
254.24
1844
215 65
Syracuse High School.
1861
278 60
1865
178 05
1862
298 09
1866
143 07
1863
167 06
1867
273 48
1869
1870
1871
393 67
1873
803 63
1874
763 34
895 50
1877
1,451 58
1881
1,411 18
1878 1,532 28
1882
1,163 42
931 64
1875
1864
180 43
1868
320 70
1872
1,036 68
1876
1,157 46
1,506 87
1879 1,354 57
1883
1,225 63
1880
1,354 56
1880
19 08'
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs).
Ten Broeck Free Academy (Franklinville).
1868
86 68
1871
548 41
1874
591 79
1869
380 09
1872
656 56
1875
478 77
1870
396 46
1873
723 16
1876
273 47
1877
.1878
1879
288 25
212 96
402 45
1880
1881
405 41
251 57
1882
1883
123 37
97 29
L
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS.
487
Tonawanda Union School.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1878 $10 39 1879
$24 54 1880 $38 16
Troupsburgh Academy.
1862
186 78
1863
152 21
1864
191 37 1865
$17 61
Troy Academy.
1838
22 78
1846
85 73
1854
56 17
1862
124 52
1870
$58 93
1877
$61 77
1839
51 64
1847
95 09
1855
53 17
1863
107 66
1871
19 82
1878
41 55
1840
66 98
1848
194 11
1856
72 86
1864
109 35
1872
62 20
1879
29 45
1841
169 87
1849
186 52
1857
45 76
1865
93 92
1873
45 91
1880
52 47
1842
283 69. 1850
91 56
1858
54 32
1866
36 53
1874
66.90
1881
55 03
1843
116 90
1851
92 06
1859
22 73
1867
61 99
1875
52 61
1882
50 22
1844
151 79
1852
87 88
1860
46 54
1868
69 34
1876
33 49
1883
32 17
1845
148 98
1853
116 45
1861
68 76
1869
63 35
Troy Female Seminary.
1838
1,113 61
1844
540 37
1850
589 55
1856
377 44
1862
266 12
1868
394 37
1839
969 04
1845
554 10
1851
587 16
1857
477 95
1863
284 01
1869
398 19
1840
857 31
1846
640 08
1852
592 16
1858
411 36
1864
333 53
1870
712 55
1841
726 87
1847
562 11
1853
557 56
1859
409 01
1865
367 85
1871
442 69
1842
581 57
1848
574 32
1854
484 46
1860
383 56
1866
532 73
1872
393 94
1843
521 04
1849
540 11
1855
358 55
1861
382 63
1867
320 88
Troy High School.
1862
184 89
1866
255 71
1870
594 68
1874
344 78
1878
550 58
1881
526 74
1863
207 90
1867
251 60
1871
647 52
1875
394 59
1879
466 25
1882
559 54
1864
182 26
1868
290 36
1872
615 09
1876
312 53
1880
510 34
1883
514 70
1865
252 41
1869
393 67
1873
528 02
1877
396 35
Trumansburgh Academy: (now) Trumansburgh Union School, Academic
Department.
1858
65 97
1862
216 96
1866
246 58
1870
96 44
1874
66 90
1859
174 20
1863
196 76
1867
185 97
1871
33 04
1875
68 40
1881
1882
51 10
43 04
1860
136 04
1864
200 48
1868
117 01
1872
48 38
1879
3 80
1883
70 77
1861
158 69
1865
228 93
1869
117 64
1873
74 61
1880
81 08
1880
90 62
1881
23 59
Ulster Free Academy (Rondout).
Unadilla Academy.
1852
78 33
1857
56 75
1862
103 76
1867
189 61
1874
66 90
1879
93 25
1853
95 28
1858
40 75
1863
178 20
1868
238 36
1875
52 61
1880
42 93
1854
70 21
1859
49 22
1864
195 01
1869
31 67
1876
72 55
1881
35 38
1855
68 69
1860
84 13
1865
236 75
1872
48 38
1877
108 10
1882
89 67
1856
80 53 1861
72 29
1866
152 21
1873
57 39
1878
119 46
1883
73 12
Union Literary Society: (now) Union Academy of Belleville.
1829
189 00
1841
297 82
1850
169 72
1859
357 88
1868
164 68
1876
122 78
1830
189 00
1842
307 50
1851
196 40
1860
312 46
1869
294 12
1877
102 95
1831
166 46
1843
255 02
1852
161 28
1861
303 28
1870
117 86
1878
109 07
1832
101 10
1844
136 44
1853
169 39
1862
275 45
1871
132 15
1879
107 98
1833
45 69
1845
161 78
1854
207 12
1863
282 15
1872
96 75
1880
109 70
1834
45 69
1846
151 45
1855
195 00
1864
291 61
1873
109 04
1881
86 48
1835
-70 80
1847
229 31
1856
273 20
1865
299 37
1874
108 07
1882
68 15
1836
70 00
1848
249 95
1857
289 32
1866
782 35
1875
110 49
1883
48 25
1837
42 40
1849
205 89
1858
335 69
1867
499 56
Union Hall Academy (Jamaica).
1793
310 00
1815
300 00
1826
433 94
1838
475 92
1849
356 07
1860
232 73
1794
275 00
1816
300 00
1827
362 90
1839
384 62
1850
366 23
1861
209 80
1795
250 00
1817
246 50
1829
247 00
1840
330 06
1851
286 41
1862
209 41
1804
200 00
1818
149 82
1830
247 00
1841
230 27
1852
305 63
1863
194 91
1808
100 00
1819
237 80
1831
260 41
1842
205 61
1853
342 31
1864
180 43
1809
100 00
1820
184 74
1832
268 52
1843
521 02
1854
347 55
1865
158 49
1810
100 00
1821
127 50
1833
201 46
1844
512 26
1855
374 48
1866
249 62
1811
100 00
1822
337 50
1834
301 46
1845
627 51
1856
285 71
1867
240 66
1812
120 00
1823
304 87
1835
369 10
1846
391 48
1857
265 51
1868
225 36
1813
200 00
1824
364 25
1836
209 95
1847
377 52
1858
277 48
1869
90 50.
1814
150 00
1825
380 62
1837
184 42
1848
390 88
1859
259 42
1870
101 79
1839
184 40
1844
Union Village Academy (Greenwich).
91 81 1849 181 67
1854
337 02
1859
249 94
1864
105 71
1840
222 21
1845
73 36
1850
214 39
1855
232 67
1860
220 17
1866
79 15
1841
191 06
1846
114 30
1851
175 94
1856
153 40
1861
165 75
1867
80 22
1842
178 47
1847
111 86
1852
269 34
1857
227 06
1862
188 67
1868
86 68
1843
99 65
1848
156 89
1853
321 13
1858
271 66
1863
176 34
488
York.
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Utica Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1819
$145 00
1828
$410 26
1837
$187 13
1846
$202 89
1857
$265 52
1867
$375 57
1820
58 96
1829
186 48
1838
536 15
1847
170 59
1858
308 52
1868
342 37
1821
25 00
1830
186 48
1839
424 46
1848
124 98
1859
323 78
1869
438 92
1822
62 50
1831
214 42
1840
458 44
1849
96 89
1860
318 62
1870
760 77
1823
60 97
1832
204 54
1841
323 59
1850
93 80
1861
283 12
1871
759 85
1824
123 37
1833
179 05
1842
220 00
1853
199 39
1862
273 56
1872
649 64
1825
389 68
1834
179 05
1843
244 16
1854
273 83
1863
222 75
1873
476 37
1826
400 01
1835
197 79
1844
142 52
1855
308 00
1864
205 95
1874
442 56
182
419 35
1836
176 74
1845
142 52
1856
306 80
1866
197 87
1875
468 25
Utica Free Academy.
1876
541 36
1878
519 42
1880
543 73
1881
522 81
1882
516 39
1883
558 24
1877
473 56
1879
554 58
Utica Female Academy.
1838
536 15
1843
423 21
1848
406 83
1853
358 19
1858
133 89
1862
147 26
1839
668 06
1844
427 53
1849
387 55
1854
296 65
1859
160 85
1863
137 36
1840
614 08
1845
436 50
1850
348 37
1855
155 12
1860
118 14
1864
185 90
1811
604 22
1846
428 63
1851
417 35
1856
293 37
1861
142 82
1865
166 32
1842
442 50
1847
486 57
1852
349 57
1857
228 89
Vernon Academy: (now) Vernon Union School, Academic Department.
1838
199 98 1846
154 31
1854
1.17 44
1861
82 87
1868
138 68
1877
61 77
1839
125 28
1847
111 86
1855
101 93
1862
94 33
1869
90 50
1878
46 75
1840
182 77
1848
85 09
1856
162 99
1863
68 68
1871
26 43
1879
39 26
1841
211 91
1849
138 08
1857
192 26
1864
65 62
1872
20 73
1880
23 85
1842
127 50
1850
91 56
1858
186 28
1865
51 79
1873
68 87
1881
11 79
1843
203 47
1851
196 40
1859
123 08
1866
97 41
1874
25 73
1882
14 35
1844
106 12
1852
68 78
1860
103 82
1867
69 28
1876
27 91
1883
9.65
1845
112 94
1853
132 33
Wallkill Academy: (now) Wallkill (Free) Academy.
1843
372 84
1850
151 09 1857
172 13
1864
174 97
1871
112 32
1878
140 24
1844
194 75
1851
161 62
1858
213 44
1865
223 06
1872
110 58
1879
176 69
1845
229 28
1852
152 82
1859
136 34
1866
24€ 58
1873
74 61
1880
219 40
1846
145 74
1853
153 51
1860
189 74
1867
240 66
1874
56 61
1881
200 47
1847
173 38
1854
126 38
1861
186 90
1768
130 ul
1875
84 18
1882
193 69
1848
172 84
1855
53 18
1862
190 54
1869
126 69
1876
66 97
1883
125 46
1849
174 41
1856
36 42
1863
172 63
1870
257 16
1877
149 29
Walton Academy: (now) Walton
Walton Union School, Academic Department.
1854
157 98
1859
130 66
1864
65 62
1869
144 79
1874
164 67
1879
122 70
1855
144 04
1860
80.55
1865
103 70
1870
198 23
1875
157 84
1880
114 47
1856
90 12
1861
61 71
1866
100 46
1871
198 22
1876
173 01
1881
172 58
1857
111 69
1862
69 80
1867
149 50
1872
158 95
1877
144 13
1882
172 71
1858
141 65
1863
98 38
1868
130 01
1873
137 75
1878
125 85
1883
123 50
Walworth Academy.
1843
195 57
1849
125.95
1855
79 77
1861
137 53
1867
72 93
1878
280 49
1844
172 53
1850
129 52
1856
101 63
1862
120 91
1868
65 01
1879
255 21
1845
218 22
1851
149 35
1857
120 84
1863
150 35
1870
21 43
1880
243 25
1846
260 04
1852
196 75
1858
67 91
1864
91 14
1875
26 30
1881
227 99
1847
139 82
1853
185 27
1859
136 34
1865
101 75
1876
106 04
1882
225 97
1848
172 84
1854
187 82
1860
146 78
1866
85 23
1877
144 13
1883
199 45
Warrensburgh Academy.
1861
26 44
1865
101 75
1869
375 57
1873
258 27
1877
87 51
1880
90 62
1862
45 27
1866
164 38
1870
294 66
1874
236 72
1878
88 30
1882
17 94
1863
124 37
1867
226 08
1871
317 15
1875
1864
20 06
1868
281 69
1872
96 75
1876
89 44
234 40
1879
112 88
1883
3 22.
Warsaw Union School, Academic Department.
1854
266 80
1859
230 96
1864
95 59
1869
93 02
1875
184 14
1880
· 119 24
1855
239 32
1860
161 10
1865
125 23
1870
85 72
1976
145 10
1881
102 20
1856
228 17
1861
100 50
1866
143 07
1871
72 68
1877
138 98
1882
46 63
1857
190 43
1862
152 82
1867
69 28
1872
48 38
1878
114 27
1883
109 99
1858
265 83
1863
96 52
1868
95 34
1874
123 50
1879
73 62
Warwick Institute.
1854
107 08
1859
47 33
1864
43 76
1869
4 52
1874
92 63
1879
53 99
1855
84 21
1860
25 06
1865
74 35
1870
16 07
1875
89 44
1880
57 23
1856
136 14
1861
22 92
1866
51 75
1871
59 47
1876
128 36
1881
35 38
1857
113 52
1862
94 53
1867
36 46
1872
62 20
1877
118 39
1883
71 63
1858
91 20
1863
87 24
1868
39 00
1873
109 04
1878
109 07
Washington Academy (Salem).
1793
390 00
1821
1794
400 00
1822'
32 50
100 00
1832
171.98
1843
90 86
1854
157 98
1865
217 19
1833
160 44
1844
76 08
1855
97 50
1866
277 02
1795
350 00
1823
128 04
1834
160 44
1845
85 57
1856
182 16
1867
262 34
1803
375 00
1824
170 37
1835
324 81
1846
145 74
1857
151 97
1868
346 70
1812
200 00
1825
90 62
1836
251 37
1847
123 04
1858
122 24
1869
429 87
1813
200 00
1826
76 60
1837
236 27
1848
66 48
1858
204 50
1870
508 96
1815
200 00
1827
64 58
1838
473 83
1849
58 14
1860
189 74
1871
588 06
1816
230 00
1828
134 73
1839
238 88
1850
111 66
1861
229 22
1872
566 71
1817
105 00
1829
108 26
1840
319 43
1851
122 75
1862
205 65
1873
528 02
1818
232 30
1830
108 26
1841
194 30
1852
95 52
1863
191 19
1874
511 60
1819
145 00
1831
36 61
1842
116 81
1853
127 04
1864
189 55
1875
420 89
1820
121 85
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 489
Washington Free Academy.
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1875
1876
$312 53 1877
267 66 1879
$140 24
215 94
1880
$186 01 1881 $121 13 1882
$103 15 1883
$109 77
Waterford Academy.
1838
270 90
1840
1839
209 55
1841
100 68
155 44
1842
1843
155 75 1844
134 81 1845
175 76
163 81
1846
'148 59
1847
151 01
Waterford Union School.
1871
66 07
1874
1872
179 69
1875
72.04
57 87
1876
1877
33 49 1878
51 47 1879
36 36
1880
42 93
1882
33 70
73 62
1881
36 45
1883
19 30
1873
120 53
Waterloo Academy.
1842
214 68
1843
449 78
1844
314 23
1845
346 43
1846
291 47
Waterloo Union School, Academic Department.
1857
89 72
1862
94 33 1867
94 80
1872
82 93
1876
94 88
1880
76 31
1858
52 39
1863
142 93
1868
86 68
1873
74 61
1377
113 25
1881
88 62
1859
49 22
1861
113 00
1869
95 02
1874
102 92
1878
145 44
1882
93 26
1860
20 55
1865
133 05
1870
117 87
1875
89 44
1879
112 88
1883
151 81
1861
116 37 1866
118 72
1871
79 29
Watertown High School, (formerly) Black River Literary and Religious Institute,
(and later) Jefferson County Institute.
1837
159 35
1845
253 35 1853
621 07.
1861
213 35
1869
190 04
1877
396 35
1838
365 96
1846
165 74
1854
598 65
1862
249 14
1870
337 52
1878
322 04
1839
466 22
1847
204 15
1855
383 35
1863
287 72
1871
383 22
1879
328 82
1840
557 02
1818"
265 90
1856
371 99
1864
331 71
1872
380 12
1880
419 72
1841
306 11
1849
266 44
1857
258 20
1865
250 45
1873
407 50
1881
452 05
1842
260 00
1850
323 80
1858
244 49
1866
140 03
1874
313 91
1882
376 62
1843
233 32
1851
339 60
1859
151 38
1867
237 02
1875
311 98
1883
295 95
1844
230 44
1852
452 71
1860
187 95
1863
273 03
1876
401 83
Waterville Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
36 02
47 35
1876
1877
66 97
92 65
1878
1879
83 11
98 16
1880
1881
95 39
132 93
1832
111 30
1883
151 81
Watkins Academy: (now) Watkins Academic Union School.
1861
88 16 1865
37 18
1870
75 01
1874
72 01
1878
51.94
1881
90 41
1862
126 40
1866
63 93
1871
79 29
1875
84 18
1879
34 35
1882
78.91
1863
118 80
1867
76 57
1872
145 13
1876
61 39
1880
71 54
1883
73.99
1864
69 26
1868
30 34
1873
177 92
1877
56 62
Waverly Institute: (now) Waverly Union School, Academic Department.
1858
83 44
1863
213 47
1868
1859
142 (0
1864
209 59
1869
368 47 1872
384 62
138 22
1876
251 14
1880
257 56
1873
132 01
1877
257 37
1881
241 54
1860
123 51
1865
207 40
1870
417 89
1874
205 81
1878
228 55
1882
311 08
1861
169 27
1866
213 09
1871
237 86
1875
257 80
1879
240 48
1883
173 81
1862
177 34
1867
185 97
Webster Academy.
1857
100 70
1860
1858
91 20
1859
22 72
1861
1862
119 93
151 64
103 76
1863
1864
1865
70 53
52 86
113 49
1866
1867
91 32
113 04
1869
36 20
1871
46 25
1870
26 79
1872
96 75
Weedsport Union School, Academic Department.
1874
1875
269 00
284 10
1876
1877
223 24
113 25
1878
1879
119 46 1880
98 16 1881
81 08 1882
109 34
71 74
1883
115 29
Westchester Union School No. 1, Academic Department.
1878
31 17
1879
44 17 1880
52 47
1881
27 52
1882
28 70
1883
22 52
Westchester Union School No. 3, Academic Department.
1878
15 58
1879
19 63
1880
23 85
1882
28 70 1883
23 30
Westfield Academy: (now) Westfield Union School, Academic Department.
1838
235 39 1846
348 62
1854
189 57
1862
290 55
1870
1839
199 82
1847
299 22
1855
157 33
1863
298 86
1871
182 16 1877
224 65
154 42
1878
129 85
1840
173 61
1848
305 79
1856
187 91
1864
318 91
1872
207 33
1879
456 43
1841
213 41
1849
314 88
1857
214 25
1865
438 29
1873
258 27
1880
438 80
1842
260 72
1850
346 13
'1858
219 26
1866
487 06
1874
277 88
1881
723 09
1843
204 87
1851
376 43
1859
191 16
1867
375 57
1875
336 72
1882
503 91
1844
1815
232 12
1852
275 07
1860
119 93
1868
237 98
1853
211 73
1861
264 49
1869
203 69
90 50
1876
267 89
1883
265 54
West Hebron Union School, Academic Department.
1871
1872
171 79
34 56
1873
1874
63 13
61 75
IS75
1877
26 30 1878
20 59
1879
15 58
39 26
1880
1881
42 93
39 31
1882
1883
32 28
35 39
t
62
490
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Westport Union School, Academic Department.
1871
1872
$33 04
13 82
$68 87
36 83
1876
1877
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1873
$61 39 1878
1875
51 47 1879
Years. Amount.
$93 49
1880
$33 39
1882
$3 59
68 71
1881
23 59
1883
-9 65
West Town Academy.
1839
113 75
1841
70 50
1840
187 33
1842
170 51
1843
1844
81 27
88 91
1845
84 48
1846
62 88
1847
55 93
West Winfield Academy.
1851
306 87
1858
293 50
1864
213 24
1869
312 22
1874
432 26
1879
215 94
1853
185 27
1859
217 69
1865
313 06
1870
385 70
1875
326 19
1880
152 63
1854
168 51
1860
198 69
1866
328 77
1871
409 66
1876
275 05
1881
135 33
1855
157 33
1861
216 88
1867
339 11
1872
490 69
1877
514 74
1882
146 95
1856
105 46
1862
235 83
1868
290 36
1873
418 98
1878
394 76
1883
66 12
1857
399 19
1863
211 60
Whitehall Academy: (now) Whitehall Union School, Academic Department.
1849
169 56
1851
149 20
1859
62 49
1863
124 37
1876
27 91
1880
109 70
1850
140 69
1855
115 22
1860
80 55
1864
98 41
1877
46 33
1881
152 58
1851
151 39
1856
90 12
1861
84 63
1874
5 15
1878
83 11
1882
79 56
1852
114 62
1857
137 32
1862
94 33
1875
36 83
1879
93 25
1883
77 99
1853
100 57
1858
149 31
Whitesborough Academy.
1818
109 78
1823
67 10
1833
45 69
1838
59 57
1842
200 00
1846
160 02
1819
127 60
1824
94 12
1834
45 69
1839
222 72
1843
236 03
1847
162 20
1820
74 68
1825
54 57
1835
53 23
1840
248 69
1844
366 89
1848
111 68
1821
27 00
1831
8 54
1836
28 00
1841
189 12
1845
399 88
1849
31 32
1822
93 75
1832
32 20
1837
30 73
Whitestown Seminary.
1845
552 50
1852
338 10
1858
554 95
1864
718 10
1870
653 62
1876
507 87
1846
502 92
1853
395 24
1859
556 70
1865
729 83
1871
799 49
1877
365 47
1847
464 22
1854
408 99
1860
441 34
1866
614 92
1872
594 35
1878
301 26
1848
393 54
1855
489 72
1861
493 72
1867
605 30
1873
596 89
1879
186 50
1849
472 30
1856
461 72
1862
601 85
1868
628 39
1874
530 04
1880
209 86
1850
216 62
1857
514 56
1863
714 67
1869
647 07
1875
405 11
1881
151 51
1851
368 25
Whitney's Point Union School, Academic Department.
1868
108 34
1871
185 01
1874
102 92
1877
1869
90 50
1872
345 56
1875
168 36
1878
1870
101 79
1873
143 49
1876
161 85
1879
149 28
51 94
44 17
1880
1891
57 23
51 10
1882
53 80
1883
59 47
1868
8 68
1869
58 82
Williamsville Academy.
Wilson Collegiate Institute: (now) Wilson Union School, Academic Department.
1846
228 60
18.52
368 67
1858
267 77 1861
258 81
1871
72 68
1877
1847
394 30
1853
407 59
1859
308 65
1865
209 36
1872
248 80
1878
72.06
98 69
1848
393 54
1854
331 79
1860
196 90
1860
152 51
1873
246 79
1879
88 34
1849
319 72
1855
276 98
1861
186 90
1867
83 87
1874
200 69
1881
31 45
1850
361 77
1856
289 54
1862
126 40
1868
156 01
1875
184 14
1882
111 19
1851
384 61
1857
164 82
1863
148 50
1869
58 82
1876
167 43
1883
93 29
Windsor Academy: (now) Windsor Union School, Academic Department.
1849
84 78
1855
110 79
1861
54 66
1868
95 34
1873
68 87
1878
36 36
1850
93 80
1856
74 78
1862
51 97
1869
113 12
1874
36 02
1879
29 45
1851
73 65
1857
100 71
1863
87 24
1870
80 36
1875
89 44
1880
38 16
1852
105 07
1858
69 85
1864
45 56
1871
66 07
1876
100 46
1881
31 45
1853
1854
93 52
93 03
1859
58 69
1865
33 26
1872
48 38
1877
56 62
1882
32 28
1860
85 92 1867
61 99
Woodhull Academy: (now) Woodhull Union School, Academic Department.
1868
1869
1870
117 01
303 17
235 73
1871
1872
1873
211 43
172 78
120 53
1874
1875
1876
195 55 1877
147 31 1878
111 62 1879
72 06
25 97
14 72
1880
1881
38 16
43 24
1882
25 11
1883
12 87
Yates Academy: (now) Yates Union School, Academic Department (Yates Center,
Orleans Co.).
1842
41 30
1843
295 64
1851
1852
343 70 1860
320 91
89 50
1861
112 85
1871
1872
138 76
1879
19 63
1874-5
73 66
103 67
1880
23 85
1877
149 28
1844
365 52
1853
220 56
1862
96 22
1873
252 53
1881
47 17
1878
140 24
1845
430 29
1854
193 08
1863
87 24
1874
319 05
1882
17 94
1879
152 15
1846
260 04
1855
179 48
1864
67 45
1875
226 23
1883
6 43
1880
147 86
1847
153 8I
1856
111 21
1868
43 34
1876
267 89
1872
89 84
1881
175 09
1848
223 36
1857
91 56
1869
72 40
1877
257 37
1873
86 09
1882
229 45
1849
295 50
1858
83 44
1870
117 87
1878
57 13
1874
56 61
1853
291 71
1850
386 33
1859
91 66
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 491
Yates Polytechnic Institute (Chittenango).
Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount.
1854
1855
1856
$212 40
223 80
193 67
1857
1858
1859
$216 08
1860
211 50
132 55
1861
1862
$134 25
105 79
67 92
1863
1865
$61 97 1867
107 62 1869
$61 99 1870
190 04 1871
$230 37
264 29
Yates County Academy and Female Seminary (Penn Yan).
1829
1830
219 30
219 20
1831
1832
170 94
128 24
1833 172 87 1834
172 87 1835
186 16 1836
146 45
Total Appropriations made to Academies under Apportionments
made by the Regents.
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
ACADEMIES.
No. of years in
which money
was granted.
Total
amount
granted.
ACADEMIES.
No. of years in]
which money
was granted.
Total
amount
granted.
Academy of Dutchess Co…........
Addison Academy (& Un. Sch.)...
Adelphi Academy of Brooklyn....
Afton Union School, Ac. Dep......
Albany Academy...........
Albany Female Academy.
Albany Female Seminary.
Albany High School.........
Albion Academy (& Un. Sch.)..
AUGSAKING
65
22
$13,712 24
1,739 14
13
2,255 37
12
1,817 62
Carthage Union Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)
Cary Collegiate Institute....
Castile Un. School (Ac. Dep.)...
Catskill Academy.....
37
67
20,842 13
Catskill Free Academy
40
20,714 76
Cayuga Academy.
5,735 22
Cayuga Lake Academy
10
20,239 40
43
11,821 86
Alexander Classical School (C. S )
6
928 90
Cazenovia Seminary (etc.).........
Chamberlain Inst. (& R. A. A.)..
Champlain Acad. (& Un. Sch.)....
57
31
Alfred University (Ac. Dep. U.)...
41
22,607 48
Almond Academy.
1
Anienia Seminary.
Ames Academy.....
31
Amsterdam Fein. Sem. (& Acad.
38
Andes Collegiate Institute............
Angelica Academy.......
Angola Union School (Ac. Dep.)..
Arcade Academy (& Un. Sch.).
Argyle Academy....
41
25872005
15 44
29 12,707 83
3,748 26
4,301 39
Chateaugay Un. Sch. (Ac. Dep.)
Cherry Valley Academy..........
Chester Academy (& Un. Sch.).
Chili Seminary...
38
Cincinnatus Academy.
26
921 95
Clarence Academy (& Un. Sch.)..
12
1,392 77
Clarkson Academy…..
688 71
16
1,728 68
Claverack Academy (& H. R. I.)
Clermont Academy..
46
.....
4,651 93
Clinton Academy.
55
Astoria Institute
6
983 11
Clinton Grammar School...
57
2KOFENAK~~`**-2220*7!
12
$871 96
5,721 65
10
535 66
11
1,126 50
17
2,352 85
52
8,734 85
19
1,508 25
31,151 63
34
9,181 12
3,638 44
75 47
54
9,349 34
3,564 91
6
09 85
3,801 36
2,433 87
1.748 62
20, 124 40
3
178 21
6,482 34
7,314 44
Attica Union School (Ac. Dep.)...
17
1,782 72
Clinton Liberal Institute...
47
12,261 87
Auburn Academy (& High Sch.)
62
20,084 02
Clinton Seminary………………………….
4
1,260 89
Auburn Female Seminary..
11
3,271 97
Clover Street Seminary......
10
2,150 37
Augusta Academy........…………… ……..
36
2,321 42
Clyde High School..........
3
256 21
Aurora Academy.
46
10,960 94
Cobleskill Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
11
1,314 39
Avon Academy (& Un. Sch.)....
5
534 34
Colgate Academy……………………………..
7
249 05
Bainbridge Un. School (Ac. Dep.
9
1.895 46
Cook Academy.
10
2,828 41
Ball Seminary.
19
2,067 25
Columbia Academy.
1
475 00
Baldwinsville Acad. (& Un. Sch.)...
19
3,684 87
Cooperstown Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)
11
1,992 34
Ballston Academy.
15
1,436 68
Corning Free Academy..
24
6,426 20
Batavia Female Academy.
5
935 66
......
Cortlandville Academy.
28
9,080 47
Batavia Union School (Ac. Dep.)
Bath-on-the-Hudson Union Sch...
23
5,339 97
Coxsackie Acad. (& Un. Sch.)...
26
1,979 89
1
25 74
Crown Point Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)
1
9 65
Bethany Academy.....
15
1,614 61
Cuba Union School (Ac. Dep.)..
1
53 25
Binghamton Acad. (& Cent. H.S.)
Blooming Grove Academy......
41
12,881 80
Dansville Seminary.
24
3,384 81
3
235 45
DeLancey Institute.
Boonville Union School (Ac. Dep.)
Bridge Hampton Lit. & Com. Iust.
Bridgewater Academy...
3
155 39
Delaware Academy...........
61
Brockport Collegiate Institute......
Brookfield Academy (& Un. Sch.) 31
Brooklyn Colleg. & Poly. Inst......
Brooklyn Female Seminary.
26
Buffalo Central School.................
Buffalo Female Academy..
Buffalo High Sch.Asso.(&L.& S.A.) 11
Cambridge Wash. Academy.
Cambridge Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
Camden Union School (Ac Dep.) 5
Canajoharie Acad. (& Un. Sch.)..
-AR38-ZAES
7
225 86
Delaware Literary Institute.
46
10
1,013 42
21
23 8,913 18
4,359 24
14,307 29
7 5,152 22
22,566 26
19 4,234 82
1,657 68
54 10,269 13
9
350 26
171 59
Deposit Academy (& Un. Sch.)&
De Ruyter Institute (& Un. Sch.)
Dryden Un. School (Ac. Dep.)...
Dundee Academy..............
Dundee Preparatory School.......
Dundee Un. School (Ac. Dep.)..
East Bloomfield Academy..........
East Genesee Conference Sem..
East Hamburgh Friend's Inst.....
East Springfield Academy.
Egberts High School...
16
39
11
10
36
46
6,686 76
Canandaigua Academy............
70
17,004 39
Canaseraga Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
4
118 67
Canastota Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
12
449 74
Eizab’thton Un. Sch’1(Ac.Dep.)
Ellington Acad. (& Un. Sch.)...
Elmira Academy (& Free Acad.)
Erasmus IIall.....
Candor Free Academy..
13
925 14
Essex County Academy..
.....
Canisteo Academy.
11
722 54
Evans Academy..
Canton Academy (& Un. Sch )..
45
5,852 31
Fairfield Academy.......………..
25588255HONGENEE LARG
5
984 09
14,597 80
18,809 00
1,313 40
5,412 46
1,239 44
12
2,111 63
198 59
2,076 18
5,457 97
1,167 23
6
325 16
9 65
12
1.883 49
1,643 54
27
4,041 89
12,154 43
62
14,298 16
727 09
19
74
728 57
22,235 86
492
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
TABLE(Continuea
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
ACADEMIES.
No. of years in
which money
granted.
was
Total
amount
granted.
ACADEMIES.
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
No. of years in]
which money
was granted.
Total
amount
granted.
•
Fairport Un. School (Ac. Dep.)..
Falley Seminary (etc.).
Farmers' Hall Academy.
Fayetteville Acad. (& Un. Sch.)....
Flushing High School.....
Fonda Academy……....
Forestville Free Academy............
Fort Covington Academy.
47
Fort Edward Coll. Inst. (etc.)...
Fort Edward Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.).
Fort Plain Sem. & Fem. Coll. Inst..
Franklin Academy (Malone).
Franklin Acad. [P.] (& Un. Sch.)…….
Fredonia Academy.
37
Friends' Academy..
Friendship Academy..
35
Fulton Union School (Ac. Dep.)...
Gaines Academy……........
Galway Academy.
24
Genesee and Wyoming Seminary..
30
Genesee Conference Seminary.
Genesee Valley Sem. (& B.Un.Sch.)
23
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary..
48
Geneseo Academy (& L. C. II. S. ).
42
CANITERANSKER-L8~**I
10
45 13,010 62
$637 61
Kinderhook Academy.
Kingsborough Academy.
45
18
$9,014 45
1,141 59
52
8,155 97
Kingston Acad. (& Free Acad.)
74
•
17,345 40
18
2,678 48
Knoxville Academy.
13
875 70
7
558 40
Lancaster Academy.
2
208 60
3
218 09
Lansingburgh Academy.
72
6,003 98
17 5,795 12
Lawrenceville Academy.
21
4,909 37
25
5,984 40
19,632 79
259 49
24
5,563 50
52
10,019 41
59
11,964 75
12,304 10
1,475 55
4,982 51
145 89
2,569 95
4,931 36
Leavenworth Iust. (& Un. Sch.)..
Leonardsville Un. Sch. (Ac. Dep.)
Le Roy Academic Institute.........
Le Roy Female Seminary..
Lewiston Acad. (& L.H.S.A.)....
Liberty Normal Institute.........
Limestone Un. School (Ac. Dep.).
Lisle Union School (Ac. Dep.)....
Little Falls Acad. (& Un. Sch.
Liverpool Un. School (Ac. Dep.).
Lockport Un. School (Ac. Dep.).
Lowville Acadeniy…..
24
2,638 59
1
10 76
19
2,234 84
12
5,508 35
19
2,654 72
27
1,674 55
4
198 83
39
447 15
8,975 93
5
181 20
34
17,125 55
72
13,540 10
5,687 55
3
756 40
Lyons Union School (Ac. Dep.).
Macedon Academy.
27
5,973 32
40
8.639 09
Geneva Academy.
6
Geneva Union School (etc. )......
26
3,103 74
38,295 33
9,838 24
797 25
10, 100 69
Genoa Academy…....
6
1,093 22
Gilbertsville Acad. & Coll. Inst....
Glens Falls Academy...........
42
5,737 73
39
8,690 56
Gloversville Un. Semi. (& Un. Sch.)
24
4,118 38
McGrawville Un. Sch. (A'c. Dep.)
Madison Un. School (Ac. Dep.)..
Manlius Academy (& Un. Sch.)..
Marathon Academy (& Un. Sch.)
Marion Collegiate Institute.........
Marshall Seminary of Easton......
Massena Un. School (Ac. Dep.
Mayville Academy (& Un. Sch.).
Mechanicsville Academy......
16
1,138 64
2
54 93
36
5,369 07
7
311 95
27
3,110 38
15
754 91
12
572 45
38
3,558 35
23
2,708 01
Gouverneur Wesl'y'n Sem.(& H.S.)
Gowanda Un. School (Ac. Dep.).
Grammar School of Colum. Coll.
Grammar School of Mad. Univ..
Grammar School of the Univ. of
53
14,696 19
Medina Academy (& Free Acad.)
33
6,551 51
5
436 19
Mendon Academy.
11
1,029 88
21
13,727 60
Mexico Academy (& R. O. A.)....
51
13,617 09
21
1,903 89
Middlebury Academy.
61
.....
12,051 24
Millville Academy………………….
17
3,186 27
City of New York....
16
9,650 20
Monroe Academy..
40
5,107 58
Grammar School N. Y. Cent. Coll.
2
374 75
Montgomery Academy.
75
11,582 96
Granville Academy.
35
4,285 25
Monticello Academy.….……………..
14
1,524 17
Greenbush and Schodack Acad....
14
874 25
Moravia Institute (& Un. Sch.)..
45
6,980 91
Greene Union School (Ac. Dep.).
9
903 06
Moriah Academy......
6
305 12
Greenville Academy.....
54
.....
3,969 46
Mount Morris Union School..
25
2,407 27
Greenwich Un. School (Ac. Dep.);
12
622 37
Mount Pleasant Academy.
37
5,730 95
Griffith Inst. (& Springville A.)..
53
9,850 88
Munro Collegiate Inst. (& M. Ac.)
4.5
12,379 55
Groton Academy (& Un. Sch.)....
45
10,909 51
Naples Academy (& Un. Sch.).
22
2,514 11
Half Moon Academy.
.....
19
2,094 67
Nassau Academy
5
208 20
....
Hamburgh Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
13
960 71
Hamilton Academy.
36
8,809 51
Newark Union School (& Acad.)
New Berlin Academy............
21
5,411 74
27
6,423 41
Ilamilton Female Seminary........
6
962 93
Newburgh Academy,
45
7,426 20
Hamilton-Oneida Academy.
12
2,065 00
New Lots Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
2
134 62
Hancock Union School (Ac. Dep.)
3
49 06
New Paltz Academy..
49
5,088 41
IIartwick Seminary..
62
6,444 55
New Rochelle Union School..
3
138 11
Hlaverling Un. School (Ac. Dep.)]
16
5,309 56
New York Central Academy.
3
343 04
Hempstead Seminary………..
10
3,201 79
N. Y. Conf. Sem. & Coll. Inst....
23
9,283 72
Herkimer Academy.
9
1,515 73
N. Y. Free Academy.
17
16,532 02
Hobart Hall Academy.....
19
2,645 01
N. Y. Inst. for Deaf & Dumb....
36
26,078 42
Holland Pat'nt Un. Sch. (Ac Dep.)
11
774 68
Nichols Union School..…………………….
10
499 77
Holley Academy (Un. Sch.).....
33
4,032 50
Ilomer Un.Sch. (& Cortland Acad.)
64
25,874 93
North Granville Ladies' Sem......
North Hebron Institute.
11
2,054 32
4
40 96
Hoosick Falls Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)
15
985 07
North Salem Academy.
47
6,606 38
Hornell Free Academy.
10
1,526 67
North Tarrytown Union School...
4
62 14
Horseheads Un. School (Ac. Dep.);
6
325 40
Iloughton Sem. (Clinton)......
2
136 45
Norwich Academy (& Un. Sch.)..
Nunda Literary Inst.
41
13.957 38
Hubbardsville Academy..............
5
358 01
Nunda Un. School (& N. Acad.)
Hudson Academy..
74
9,080 24
Ogdensburg (Free) Acad. (etc.)..
Hungerford Collegiate Institute..
15
5,091 52
Olean Un. School (& Olean Acad.)
Huntington Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
Ilion Union School (Ac. Dep.)....
Ingham Coll.Inst. (& I.U..Ac.Dep.)
Ithaca Academy (& High School)
Ives Seminary (etc.).
21
3,347 60
Oneida Institute (etc.)... … …………………………
11
1,658 29
Oneida Seminary…………………………….
15
3,108 04
Oneonta Un. School (Ac. Dep.).
58
23,009 35
Onondaga Academy..........
23
3,276 93
Ontario Female Seminary.
Jamestown Acad. (& J.U.S.& C.I.)
Jefferson Academy.
45
11
16,848 22
Oswego High School........ . . .
1,024 87
Ovid Academy,
Johnstown Acad. (& J. Un. Sch.)..)
75 11,943 37
Ovid Union School (Ac. Dep.)....
Jonesville Academy.
19
3,771 84
Owego Academy (& Free Acad.).
Jordan Academy (& High School)
40
6,957 60
Oxford Acadeniy..
Keeseville Academy (& Un. Sch.
46
7,121 39
Oyster Bay Academy...................
NGRESNAQOTENTI
5,006 69
2,248 34
37
7,305 10
23
2,443 84
15
2,199 08
13
2,249 92
826 51
67
11,203 94
49
13, 174 53
25
6,955 07
35
6,293 59
363 39
56
16,267 75
19,422 38
2,644 18
APPROPRIATIONS MADE TO ACADEMIES BY THE REGENTS. 493
TABLE — (Continued).
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
Given on the basis
of scholars al-
lowed under
rules of the
Regents.
ACADEMIES.
No. of years in
which money
was granted.
Total
amount
granted.
ACADEMIES.
No. of years in
which money
was granted.
Total
amount
granted.
Packer Collegiate Institute.......
Painted Post Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)
Palatine Bridge Un. Sch.(Ac.Dep.)
Palmyra Classical Union School...
Palmyra High School:
5
14
27
8,735 68
5
906 29
Parker Union School (Ac. Dep.)...
6
861 74
SIT
28 $18,811 81
331 96
310 38
Sherman Un. School (Ac. Dep.)..
Silver Creek Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dēp.).
Sinclairville Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.).
Skaneateles Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.).
Smithville Un. Sch'l (Ac. Dep.)...
Sodus Academy.
10
4
$756 10
318 63
1
72 12
13
1,538 29
5
277 94
30
7,931 61
Parma Institute...........
3
407 16
Peekskill Academy..
Spencer Un. School (Ac. Dep.)...
7
277 93
29
3.374 20
Spencertown Acadeniy.
21
Pennfield Seminary.....…………………………………
1,223 91
10
1,085 19
S. S. Seward Institute.
31
4,230 79
Penn Yan Academy.
21
5.596 33
Spring Mills Academy.
3
Perry Academy (& Un. Sch.)
30
5,165 43
Stamford Seminary..........
2
285 85
100 84
Perry Centre Institute..
3
414 62
Starkey Seminary.
36
5,809 34
Peterboro' Academy..
12
760 03
Steuben Academy..
4
338 27
Phelps Union & Classical School...
26
3.356 31
Stillwater Academy.
16
2,945 27
Phoenix Union School (Ac. Dep.)
Phipps Union Seminary..
Pike Seminary..
7
1.341 92
Sullivan County Academy....
2
112 10
33
11, 145 15
Susquehanna Seminary
7
1,982 76
24
.....
4,040 18
Syracuse High School...
23
19,121 49
Plattsburgh Acad. (& High Sch.)..
53
9,874 59
Temple Grove Seminary.
1
19 08
Pompey Academy.
71
6,908 50
Ten Broeck Free Academy.
16
5,916 69
Port Byron Free School & Acad....
Port Henry Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
Port Jervis Un. School (Ac. Dep.
Portville Un. School (Ac. Dep.)...
Poughkeepsie Collegiate School...
Poughkeepsie Female Academy...
Poughkeepsie High School..
Prattsville Academy..............
25
2,732 67
Tonawanda Union School.
3
73.09
6
574 45
Troupsburgh Academy.
4
517 97
16
2,304 73
Troy Acadeiny..
46
3,711 32
2
32 92
Troy Female Seminary.
35
18,038 78
3
1,267 87
Troy High School....
22
8,980 51
27
5,662 79
Trumansburgh Acad. (& H. Sch.)
23
2,682 79
9
2,084 50
Ulster Free Academy..
2
....
114 21
5
205 43
Unadilla Academy..
30
2,871 49
Princetown Academy.
1
312 44
Union Acad. of Bellville (etc.)...
52
10,207 05
Prospect Academy......
18
2,116 12
Union Hall Academy...
66
10,332 41
Pulaski Academy..
26
8,174 52
Union Village Academy.............
29
5,160 92
Putnam Union School (Ac. Dep.)
2
28 00
Red Creek Academy....
36
6,808 00
Utica Academy (& Free Acad.)...
Utica Female Academy..
62
19,419 87
28
....
9,531 88
Red Hook Academy.
14
1,424 33
Rensselaerville Academy
27
2,218 15
Vernon Academy (& Un. Sch.)...
Wallkill Acad. (& Free Acad.)....
44
4,405 43
41
6,672 61
Rensselaer Institute.....
8
856 88
.....
Walton Academy (& Un. Sch.)...
30
3,945 27
Rhinebeck Union School (etc.)…….
23
2,208 22
Walworth Academy.
36
5,312 09
Richburgh Academy…..........
17
1,405 31
Warrensburgh Academy.
22
3,293 47
Ridgebury Academy.......…………. ………………….
8
1,080 35
Warsaw Union School (Ac. Dep.)
29
3,920 33
Riga Academy..............
13
2,242 58
Warwick Institute.....
29
2,061 97
Rochester High Sch. (& Coll.Inst.)
22
8,131 67
Washington Acad. (etc.) (Salem)|
75
5,783 68
Rochester Female Academy.........
40
3,620 07
Waterford Academy.
10
1,666 30
Rochester (Free) Academy..
20
14,531 88
Waterford Union School… ………………..
13
713 52
Rogersville Union Seminary.........
24
3,132 71
Waterloo Academy......
5
1,616 59
Rome Academy (& Free Acad.)..
35
11,136 76
Waterloo Un. School (Ac. Dep.)|
27
2,620 29
Rural Seminary.
25
2,598 66
Watertown High School (etc.)...
47
14,997 61
Rushford Academy (& Un. Sch.).
18
3,239 56
Waterville Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
10
915 69
Rushville Un. School (Ac. Dep.)...
11
484 64
Watkins Academy (& Un. Sch.).
21
1,763 36
Rutgers Female Institute..
28
18,380 03
Waverly Institute (& Un. Sch.).
26
5,591 49
Sag Harbor Institute (& Un. Sch.)
15
888 26
Webster Academy……………..
15
1,237 18
St. Lawrence Academy.
51
15,904 22
Weedsport Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
10
1,484 66
Sand Lake Academy......
12
1,165 64
Westchester Un. Sch. No. 1 (etc.
6
206 55
Sandy Creek Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
10
1,245 00
Westchester Un. Sch. No. 3 (etc.
5
111 06
Sandy Hill Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
13
2,072 15
Westfield Academy (& Un. Sch.)
Sans Souci Seminary....
1
73 06
West Hebron Un. Sch. (Ac. Dep.)
Saratoga Spr'gs Un. Sch. (Ac.Dep.)
12
1,486 48
Westport Un. Sch (Ac. Dep.)……….
Saugerties Academy.....………………………………………
Sauquoit Academy...
6
504 92
Westtown Academy... ...
31
4,278 80
West Winfield Academy.
32
Schenectady Academy (early)......)
Schenectady Academy (Sch. Lyc.)
Schenectady Young Ladies' Sem..
Schenevus Un. School (Ac. Dep.)
Schoharie Academy (& Un. Sch.)
Schuylerville Acad. (& Un. Sch.).
Seneca Falls Acad. (& Free Acad.)
Seward Female Seminary..............
Seymour Smith Academy.
Sherburne Un. Acad. (& Un. Sch.)
Sherman Academy.
General total, $1,996,736 18.
2
710 00
Whitehall Acad. (& Un. Sch.)...
34
9,558 16
Whitesborough Academy.
1
231 05
Whitestown Seminary..
37
2
195 27
46)
9,577 23
32
4,387 32
Whitney's Point Un. Sch. (etc.).
Williamsville Academy........
Wilson Coll. Inst. (& Un. Sch.).
10
36
45
7,304 39
12
1,921 54
5
34
10
.....
481 20
4,844 80
1,253 04
Windsor Academy (& Un. Sch.).
Woodhull Acad. (& Un. Sch.)...
Yates Academy (& Un. Sch.)......
Yates Polytechnic Institute......
Yates County Acad. & Fem. Sem.
10
0785825YNUX.PRS:
46
12,810 06
12
582 87
12
497 84
915 56
8,858 58
26
2,575 19
3,280 88
18,187 49
1,874 81
67 50
7,891 98
33
2,301 65
1,847 26
8,106 89
2,417 24
1,416 03
t
·494
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XXI.
1
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND OPERATION OF THE ACADEMIES OF
NEW YORK REPORTING TO THE REGENTS OF
THE UNIVERSITY.
I. PROPERTY AND INVESTMENTS.
(a) Value of Academic Buildings and Grounds.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Value
reported.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Value
reported.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Value
reported.
1827
42
$253,900 00
1846.......
153
1828
49
283,353 57
1847......
154
$1,073, 526 00
1,086,995 00
1865........
197
$2,539,114 00
1866....
193
2,489,812 00
1829.
53
318,762 00
1848...
154
1,089,898 00
1867..
190
2,501,716 00
1830..
57
319,098 00
1849...
158
1,176, 548 00
1868..
192
2,824,538 00
1831......
55
329,476 00
1850...
164
1,258,286 00
1869...
194
3,105,355 00
1832.
63
360,426 00
1851.
166
1,288, 675 00
1870......
191
3,435,556 00
1833.....
66
381,500 00
1852.
168
1,428,548 00
1871.
190
3,625,278 00
1834..
62
390,825 00
1853.
166
1,428, 777 00
1872...
198
3,912, 081 00
1835....
62
394,967 00
1854.
170
1,577,998 00
1836......
67
460,503 00
1855.
161
1,584,823 00
1837...
72
485,403 00
1856
173
1,743,829 00
1873......
1874....
1875..
199
4,065,806 00
......
217
4,777,628 00
215
5,008,969 00
1838...
103
772,270 00
1857...
179
2,007,546 00
1876.
219
5,180,865 00
1839..
116
882,689 00
1858.
177
2,009,076 00
1877...
223
.....
5,300,898 00
.... ....
1840.......
124
921,919 00
1859
182
2,098,042 00
1878..
226
5,229,860 00
1841....
128
952, 236 00
1860....
186
2,192,837 00
1879.....
236
5,280, 547 00
1842....
139
967,352 00
1861....
197
2,249,598 00
1880.
236
5,475,844 00
1843...
147
1,032,657 00
1862..
200
2,296, 911 00
1881.
79
2,181,871 00
1844...
1845..
144
151
989,602 00
1,029, 413 00
1863.
209
2,362,872 00
1882.
82
2,267,827 00
1864...
198
2,384,609 00
1883..
80
2,279 245 00
(b) Value of Libraries and Apparatus belonging to Academies.
YEARS.
...
1827....
1828........
1829.......
Academies
reporting.
Value of
Library &
Apparatus
reported.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
VALUE REPORTED.
Library. Apparatus
YEARS
1862.....
reporting.
Academies
VALUE REPORTED.
Library. Apparatus
199 $135,244 00
201 141,533 00
33
$10,072 37
41
14, 147 21
47
18,714 10
1830........
49
18,711 54
1841....
1831....
47
20,364 33
1832...
57
1833.......
1834.
56
1835.......
1836.
55
1837..
22,716 50
59 24,176 01
21,795 00
25,873 00
63 32,927 00
66 38,517 00
150 61,063 00
153
1838...... 101 $29,646 00 $28, 271 00
1839...... 124 36,984 00 34,733 00
1840.. 124
40,784 00 40,801 00
128 46,481 00 44,696 00
1842...... 138 51,779 00
1843...... 147
1844...... 144
1845.....
1846.....
1861....
$112,832 00
114,384 00
1863.... 211 151,812 00
1864..... 199 149,685 00
121,661 00
122,972 00
49,496 00
54,957 00
52,653 00
1865. 198
1866..... 193 144,893 00
167,743 00
122,838 00
112,770 00
57,034 00
53,115 00
192
56,626 00
64,549 00
59,661 00
158
....
164
1847...... 154 65,817 00
1848..
1849......
1850
61,474 00
154 68,193 00
64, 128 00
69,881 00
70,018 00
75,522 00
77,233 00
1851...
1852......
1853
1854......
1855......
166 77,953 00
168 84,251 00
166
.....•
171
1856..
1857.
79,194 00
82,839 00
82,827 00
84,078 00
88,432 00
90,052 00
162 89,642 00 90,679 00
175 107,112 00 103, 525 00
180 107,015 00100,957 00
1858....
179 111,438 00 101,693 00
1859.... 182 118,207 00 105,953 00
1860...... 186 123,553 00 109,753 U0
82
79
1867.
1868..
1869..... 198 160,351 00
1870..... 192
1871..... 192 163,867 00
1872..... 199 162,564 00
1873..... 199 164,596 00
1874..... 216 193,454 00
1875..... 215 210,442 00
1876.... 218
1877.....
222
1878....
224
1879..... 234
1880..... 235
1881..... 78
1882.....
1883.....
143,985 00
113,082 00
195 149,708 00
121,434 00
124,446 00
166,658 00
127,514 00
124,690 00
9
130,490 00
138,704 00
158, 193 00
161,785 00
218,215 00
168,898 00
228,393 00
182,498 00
232, 179 00
173,296 00
238,368 00
181,428 00
249,118 00
181,500 00
98,896 00
87,261 00
97,603 00
82,198 00
97,735 00
81,551 00
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ACADEMIES.
495
YEARS.
'YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
YEARS.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
(c) Total value of Buildings, Lots, Libraries and Apparatus.
Amount.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
1838..
103
$830,187 00
1854...
171
$1,756,482 00
1839...
116
954,406 00
1855..
161
1,765,145 22
1869......
1870.....
201
$3,390,152 00
195
3,729,728 00
1840......
124
1,003, 504 00
1856.
170
1,954,466 00
1871....
194
3,913,835 00
1841.......
128
1,043,413 00
1857.
178
2,215,518 00
1872.......
199
4,205,135 00
1842.
139
1,068,627 00
1858......
178
2,222, 207 00
1873.
200
4,369,106 00
1843..
147
1,140,267 00
1859......
182
2,322,202 00
1874.
217
5,129,275 00
1844.....
144
1,099,751 00
1860.
191
2,426,143 00
1875.....
215
5,381,496 00
1845...
151
1,147, 102 00
1861.
199
2,497,674 00 ||
1876........
219
5,567,978 00
1846....
153
1,197,736 00
1862
202
2,552,828 00
1877..
223
5,711,789 00
1847.
154
1,214,286 00
1863.......
206
2,636, 345 00
1878.....
226
5,635, 335 00
1848.
154
1,222,219 00
1864.
199
2,657,266 00
1879......
236
5,700,343 00
1849.
158
1,316,447 00
1865........
197
2,829,695 00
1880.....
236
5,906,462 00
1850......
164
1,418,041 00
1866......
195
2,747,475 00
1881....
79
2,368, 028 00
1851..
166
1,445,822 00
1867.
195
2,758,783'00
1882....
82
2,447,628 00
1852...........
167
1,595,638 00
1868....
205
3,095,680 00
1883.
80
2,460,531 00
1853..
166
1,595, 682 00
reporting.
Academies
(d) Value of Real Estate owned other than Academic Buildings
and Grounds.
Value
reported.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Value
reported.
YEARS.
1827
19
$29,494 25
1828.......
18
27,018 42
1831........
1832.
17
18
1829.....
19
24,365 00
1833.....
17
1830...
19
33,290 00
1834..
18
1478
$32,515 00
18,545 00
40,046 00
19,722 00
1835.......
1836....
16
19
1837.
6923
25
$21,337 00
44,222 00
66,532 00
Value
reported.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
(e) Other Personal Estate besides Library and Apparatus.
Academies
reporting.
1827.
31
1828....
36
$109,203 32
115,797 59
1831.
1832
1829.
40
125,930 99
1833......
48
1830...
46
128,622 52
1834..
00033
40
46
43
$106,368 81
156,365 75
154,180 03
139, 130 00
(f) Other Academic Property.
Academies
reporting.
Amount.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Value
received.
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Value
received.
1835...
1836.
45
46
$145,322 00
154,712 00
1837....
48
176,530 00
reporting.
Academies
1838.
70
$220,8×1 00
1839..
76
259,865 00
1854........
1855.
107
104
1840......
84
259,628 00
1856...
114
$335,525 00
345,623 00
366,689 00
1869.......
1870....
149
$632,423 00
148
613, 55100
1871.....
139
638,795 00
1841.
83
727,955 00
1857.
116
391,155 00
1872........
145
686,897 00
1842.
92
264,210 00
1858
114
399,688 00
1873....
154
761,990 00
1813.
101
253,163 00
1859
117
372,493 00
1874.
162
911,091 00
1844....
98
238,337 00
1860...
134
336,706 00
1875....
152
981,168 00
1845...
99
244,876 00
1861..
148
431,409 00
1876.......
149
924,288 00
1846.......
101
249,557 00
1862..
150
413,796 00
1847..
1848.
103
252,474 00
1863
154
415,400 00
1877………..
1878
153
924,881 00
150
101
244,842 00
1849.
94
289,617 00
1864...
1865...
155
.....
393,411 00
154
439,456 00
1879....
1880..
1850
105
276,619 00
1851...
1852.
102
268,626 00
1866....
1867........
155
460,937 00
1881....
154
470,257 00
104
378,929 00
1868..
154
.....
596,594 00
1882...
1883..
...
8XCARE
969, 450 00
64
891,962 00
45
1,504,464 00
66
859,354 00
66
824, 031 00
863,340 00
1853..
101
378,811 00
Amount.
Value
reported.
Amount.
496
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
(g) Total Value of Academic Property.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
1838...
103
$1,051,068 00
1854........
167
$2,092,007 00
1869.......
201
$4,023,075 00
1839..
116
1,214,271 00
1855..
161
2,110,768 21
1870...
195
4,343,579 00
1840.......
124
1,263,132 00
1856...
170
2,326,155 00
1871.........
194
4,552,630 00
1841...
128
1,271,368 00
1857....
178
2,515,754 00
1872....
199
4,892,032 00
1842.....
139
1,332,857 00
1858...
178
2,621,875 00
| 1873......
200
5,131,096 (0
1843..
147
1,393, 430 00
1859...
182
2,694,695 00
1874........
217
6,040,366 00
1845...
1844.....
1846.
144
1,338,088 00
1860.
191
2,822,849 00
1875......
6,362,664 00
151
1,391,978 00
1861...
199
2,929,083 00
1876.
6,492, 266 00
153
1,447,293 00
1862...
202
2,966, 624 00
1877...
•
1847.
154
1,466,760 00
1863..
206
3,051,745 00
1878...
6,636,670 00
6,604,785 00
1848..
154
1,467,061 00
1864...
199
3,050,677 00
1879....
6,592, 305 00
1849...
158
1,606,064 00
1865..
197
3,269, 151 00
1880...
6,960, 916 00
1850...
164
1,694,660 00
1866.
195
3,214,537 00
1851.
166
1,714,448 00
1867.
195
3,229,040 00
1881.......
1882.....
3,227,382 00
3,271,659 00
1852.
167
1,874,567 00
1868........
205
3,692,274 00
1883......
3,322,871 00
1853...
166
1,874,493 00
Academies
reporting.
II. RECEIPTS.
(a) Receipts from Tuition.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
1825.......
30
$23,558 00
1826.
29
25,045 87
1845....
1846..
151
$200,766 00
154
210,058 00
1865.......
1866..
190
$486,871 00
187
494,215 00
1827..
42
38,814 32
1847
154
215,949 00
1867.
185
467,649 00
1828.
47
41,913 16
1848..
153
220,034 00
1868..
192
443,629 00
1829.
55
49,902 95
1849.
158
227,576 00
1869..
180
436,319 00
1830...
50,732 65
1850...
163
240,966 00
1870..
387,283 00
1831..
1832.
1833,
1834..
•...
1835...
54
●
54,063 18
1851...
165
257,144 00
1871.......
180
455,274 00
62
60,895 01
1852......
167
283,202 00
1872
190
446,829 04
64
69,252 72
1853...
165
294,268 00
1873..
189
460.800 00
63
73,472 00
1854..
169
303,430 00
1874..
202
431,660 00
60
74,121 00
1855.
161
227,089 00
1875....
205
408,566 00
1836......
63
86,431 00
1856.
173
308,154 00
1876..
209
422,725 00
1837..
71
102, 155 00
1857.
178
328,227 00
1877.
218
381,789 00
1838.........
98
131,497 00
1858...
177
341,289 00
1878..
213
371,144 00
1839.... .....
112
163,911 00
1859...
182
337,771 00
1879....
224
359,868 00
1810....
121
181,776 00
1860.......
189
360,664 00
1880..
226
370,960 00
1811......
128
177,684 00
1861.......
196
405,864 00
1881.
229
379,252 00
1842.
1843...
140
178,691 00
1862.
195
322,823 00
1882....
249
409,693 00
147
186,708 00
1863.
199
339,362 00
1883.
243
....
426,629 00
1844....
145
188,583 00 1864...
194
390,090 00
(b) Amount of Money appropriated to Academies upon the basis
of attendance of Students allowed to Participate in the Dis-
tribution of Literature Funds.
Amount.
Amount.
Amount.
12
1793...
1794...
222
1795... 12 3,650 00
10 $3,750 00
3,750 00
1796..
1803..... 10
1804..... 14
1805.....
1806....
$3,050 00
2,400 00
1797...
1807.....
1812....
1813....
1814.....
1815.....
1816....
1798...
1799...
1800...
1
100 00
1801...
1802...
23
400 00
1808..... 18
1809..... 18
1810..... 19
1811..... 20
1,500 00
1,700 00
2,200 00
2,000 00
1817..... 23
1818....
1819....
1820.....
2222****Z
20 $2,500 00 || 1821…... 33 $1,641 14
19 3,110 00
20 2,970 00
23
25
30
4,010 00
4,564 00
3,776 50
4,041 10
5,125 80
....
1822..... 36
1823....
1824....
1825
1826.....
1827....
*******
36
36
5,225 00
4,299 95
4,900 00
34 6,038 00
34
38
2,576 64
1828....
1829.....
42
47
6,956 62
8,499 04
9,012 02
9,993 88
300 00
Amount.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ACADEMIES.
497
YEARS.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
The stated amount apportioned from 1830 to 1884, inclusive, has
been as follows:
1830 to 1834.
1835 to 1838...
1839 to 1884..
$10,000 annually.
12,000 annually.
40, 000 annually.
Since 1838 the sum of $12,000 has been paid annually from the
income of the Literature Fund, and $28,000 from that of the United
States Deposit Fund.
In addition to this, a large part of the money resulting from the
special tax under the act of 1872, viz.: $89,077.24, was distributed
upon the same basis as the regular appropriation of $40,000.
The above is exclusive of the moneys granted for the purchase of
books and apparatus, and for the instruction of common school
teachers.
(c) Interest or Income from Permanent Funds.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1825...........
1826...... ......
1827.
1828...
1829.
32728
25
$6,923 00
24
6,750 98
1830.......
1831....
27
8.011 19
1832....
29
8,901 11
1833....
32
9,111 58
1834...
22828
31
$9,249 10
1835..
31
$9,531 00
27
8,630 59
1836..
34
12,898 00
32
10,991 05
1837.
37
14,651 00
34
10,317 03
1838..
54
17,529 00
32
9,275 00
Amount.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
(d) Interest, Rents or other Income of Personal Property.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1839.
64
$21,925 00
1840.
66
19,216 00
1844.......
1845...
1841.
68
20,873 00
1846......
1842.
78
21,557 00
1843..
97
25,655 00
1847.
1848...
*****
88
86
92
89
94
$22,875 00
22,212 00
22,747 00
23,627 00
27,209 00
1849...
1850......
1851.
1852.......
1853...
98
88**
88
$27,716 00
89
30.985 00
$2
25,616 00
49,084 GO
84
60, 611 00
Academies
reporting.
reporting.
Academies
(e) Interest or Income of Real and Personal Property, includ-
ing Room-Rent accrued during the year.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1854....
101
$36,262 00
1855...
87
21,303 00
1860.......
1861.
108
$28, 951 00
107
30,690 00
1865........
1866.....
113
105
$48,393 00
36,538 00
1856.
99
23,364 00
1862..
111
31,186 00
1867.
105
56,812 00
1857....
102
32,431 00
1863...
114
37.983 00
1868.
98
53,836 00
1858...
99
28,586 00
1864....
110
31,915 00
1869..
81
58,679 00
1859..
103
31,044 00
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
Amount.
Amount.
63
498
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
(f) Productive Funds Reported.
Academies
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
1878..............
1879
1880..
37
$569,371 00
1881..........
2345
42
588,974 00
1882...
43
600, 542 00 1883...
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
(g) Income from other Sources.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
Academies
Amount.
reporting.
31
23
29
35
$593,178 00
616,751 00
606,490 00
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
1854.....
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
***
1859....
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863......
103
*88*FPAIZO
$78,033 00
72,782 00
1864...
96
$201,751 00
1874........
205
$754,925 00
1865.....
113
250, 374 00
123,582 00
1866..
126
198,027 00
1875.......
1876........
210
778,485 00
217
701,994 00
179,589 00
1867..
113
196,210 00
1877...
221
683,522 00
.....
172, 140 00
1868.
122
244,835 00
1878.....
221
727,831 00
153,990 00
1869..
128
250, 805 00
1879....
233
671,287 00
82
84
153, 135 00
99,367 00
180,336 00
152,342 00
1870....
1880..
234
687,780 00
1871...
190
598,192 00
1881...
231
655,977 00
1872....
196
601,810 00
1882.
253
785,391 00
1873...
192
532,063 00
1883....
218
826,321 00
(h) Total Annual Revenue of Academies.
1
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS. Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
1839..........
$221,289 00
1851........
$322, 133 00
1840...
236,643 00 |
1852......
371,246 00
1841.
234,945 00
1853......
393,339 00
1842....
237,619 00
1854..
471, 139 00
1862........
1863.......
1864......
1865.
1843..
251, 159 00
1855...
320,413 00
1866....
$560,448 00
583,524 00
678,289 00
837,995 00
229,724 00
........
1873...
1874
1875...
1876....
.....
$992,863 00
1,186,585 00
1,187,051 00
1,124,719 00
1877...
1,066,311 00
1844.
249,189 00
1856........
509,609 00
1867........
1845......
261,177 00
1857...
593,667 00
1868...
1846....
271,443 00
1858.
595,125 00
1869.
1847.
278,422 00
1848.....
285,873 00
1849.
294,200 00
1859....
1860...
1861........
578,412 00
1870.
597,429 00
591,455 00
1871..
1872....
....
771,299 00
792,087 00
798,313 00
1,011,404 00
1,053,466 00
1,048,630 00
1878.......
1,098,975 00
1879..
1,031,155 00
1880.....
1,058,776 00
1881.
1882..
1883..
1,035, 229 00
1,195,084 00
1,254,990 00
1850..
310,923 00
III. EXPENDITURES.
(a) Salaries paid to Teachers.
The amount paid to teachers has in an irregular way been re-
ported from the earliest period, but in a manner that did not admit
of summary or comparison. The premises were often let to a
teacher who collected his own tuition bills, and hired his assistant
teachers, and no money value was set opposite his name in this
column. This custom has been continued to the present time, but
the value of services is now always given.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ACADEMIES.
499
YEARS.
YEARS.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount
reported.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting
Amount
reported.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
1830.....
1831.......
1832.
1833.
1834.
9588888
40
$45,629 96
1848.........
154
$215,191 00
1866...
190
$519,481 00
37
47,525 84
1849......
159
232, 375 00
1867.
188
523, 121 00
38
48,334 36
1850.....
164
247,321 00
1868........
196
536,988 00
36
52,674 50
1851....
166
265,266 00
1869...
185
536,402 00
68,924 00
1852...
168
290,078 00
1870.....
516,985 00
1835........
60
84,341 00
1853.
166
306,599 00
1871.
188
653,725 00
1836.
58
93,062 00
1854.........
169
331,016 00
1872.......
195
684,614 00
1837.....
65
107,826 00
1855.
162
248,692 00
1873.........
192
677,489 00
1838.
95
140,153 00
1856....
174
350,190 00
1874.........
213
788,245 00
1839..
110
170,699 00
1857....
179
396,937 00
1875..
211
780,740.00
1810.
119
184,419 00
1858......
179
411,515 00
1876.......
217
779,646 00
་
1841....
126
187,658 00
1859
183
410,614 00
1877.
219
769,982 00
1842.....
139
196,182 00
1860......
191
433,059 00
1878.......
219
732,448 00
1843.......
147
200,496 00
1861.
198
436,920 00
1879....
233
731,555 00
1844..
144
192, 252 00
1862......
203
424,718 00
1880.........
233
731,604 00
1845...
1846.....
1847......
151
202,730 00
1863....
202
423,822 00
1881.
231
679,580 00
154
209,356 00
1864...
200
473,535 00
1882..
256
799,841 00
.....
155
....
210,525 00
1865.........
197
568 477 00
1883.
248
833,150 00
Academies
reporting.
Amount.
YEARS.
(b) Fuel and other Incidental Expenses.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1838............
73
$10,397 00
1849........
148
$38,357 00
1839.....
90
19,946 00
1850.......
156
42,293 00
1860.......
1861..
173
$53,223 00
179
52.328 00
1840.
106
21,752 00
1851..
159
42,535 00
1862......
189
.....
51,091 00
1841.
113
21,767 00
1852....
160
41,395 00
1863........
192
63,992 00
1842..
125
23,816 00
1853..
161
45,817 00
1864...
185
75,486 00
1813...
138
26,654 00
1854..
165
53,679 00
1865
181
94,477 00
1844.
134
25,216 00
1855.
150
42,590 00
1866.
186
103,131 00
1845..
141
29,099 00
1856......
164
59,244 00
1867
179
.....
89,403 00
1846..
142
30,996 00
1857..
165
45,659 00
1868.
176
96,518 00
1847...
144
31,954 00
1858..
170
53,204 00
1869..
168
83,254 00
1848.
149
38,697 00
1859..
172
48,433 00
Academies
reporting.
(c) Repairs of Buildings and of other Academic Property.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1838..
67
$9,674 00
1839.
80
11,293 00
1849......
1850..
127
$16,155 00
124
18,917 00
1860.......
1861...
149
...
147
$35,152 00
30,531 00
1840.......
85
11,114 00
1851.....
123
15,824 00
1862.
153
24,370 00
1841....
89
11,637 00
1852...
128
24,630 00
1863.
147
26,922 00
1842.
108
14,767 00
1853.
136
31,973 00
1864.....
149
33, 150 00
1813.
105
12,268 00
1854..
140
29,059 00
1865.
156
43,418 00
1814..
98
9, 153 00
1855..
122
15,718 00
1866....
141
51,866 00
1815
111
16,900 00
1856.
140
43,259 00
1816...
116
12, 242 00
1857.
133
39,293 00
1867.
1868
148
54,218 00
146
43,127 00
1847.
117
11,323 00
1858.......
139
26,195 00
1869...
133
51,228 00
1848..
126
15,019 00 1859...
101
29,136 00
(d) Rent accrued on Property leased to Academies.
YEARS. Amount.
YEARS. Amount.
YEARS. Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
1854....
1855....
1856..
.....
1857..
$699 00
939 00
250 00
1858.....
...
1859....
1860.
$465 00
591 00
1862.
1863.....
......
$565 00
303 00
1866........
1867..
$332 00
208 00
952 00
1864..
545 00
1868....
450 00
1861.....
915 00
1865....
619 00
1869..
967 00
1,160 00
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
Amount
reported.
500
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
1854.
1855....
1856.....
1857..
.....
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
(e) Other Annual Expenditures.
Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
YEARS.
Amount.
$32,856 00
28,501 00
56, 139 00
91,646 00
1858.
1859.......
1860..........
1861.
$24,859 00
49,052 00
49,799 00
1862....
1863....
1864....
$40,449 00
1866..
$70,826 00
49,522 00
1867.
79,927 00
......
61,005 00
1868.
$8,633 00
41,552 00
1865...
78,403 00
1869...
97,964 00
(f) Total Annual Expenditures.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
1838........
95
$166,010 00
1844...
145
$236,080 00
1849........
159
$295,648 00
1839..
110
208,864 00
1845...
152
257,165 00
1850...
164
316,647 00
1840..
119
225, 150 00
1846..
154
261,616 00
1851...
166
332,382 00
1841...
127
230,416 00
1847....
155
263,498 00
1x52....
168
365,802 00
1842....
139
244,902 00 1848.
154
277,861 00
1853....
166
294,375 00
1813..
148
250, 120 00
YEARS.
Excess of
income over
expenditures.
Excess of ex-
penditures over
income.
(g) General Balance of Receipts and Expenditures.
Excess of
income over
expenditures.
Excess of ex-
penditures over
income.
YEARS.
1838.....
$6,036 00
1846........
$9,827 00
1839..
$12,425 00
1847.......
14,924 00
1840..........
11,493 00
1841.......
4,529 00
1848......
1849...
8,012 00
1842.....
7,303 00
1850........
1843........
1,039 00
1851.........
$1,488 00
5,724 00
10,249 00
1844.
13,109 00
1852..........
5,444 00
1845.......
4,012 00
1853.
98,964 00
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
DEBT.
IV. DEBTS.
Amount.
Interest
accrued on
debt.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
DEBT.
Interest
accrued on
debt.
1827.
1828...
31
1829........
1830.........
37
1831......
1832...
1833....
25253
$21,931 39
1856....
108
$280,329 00
$13,532 00
28,423 03
1857.
113
338,370 00
17,056 00
40,611 29
1858.
106
295,138 00
15,897 00
46,260 19
1859.
104
279,168 00
15,492 00
44,225 34
1860.
113
339,693 00
14,257 00
45
51,364 59
1861..
119
323,681 00
16,427 00
47
65,480 76
1862
113
307,634 00
15,978 00
1834...
40
72,137 00
1863.
103
293, 427 00
14,759 00
1835...
41
71,368 00
1864..
107
268,622 00
12,709 00
1836....
43
87,283 00
1865...
109
294,704 00
20,178 00
1837..
43
98,830 00
•
1838......
65
151,892 00
$5,786 00
1839....
1840........
1841..
1842......
1843.
75
174,375 00
6,926 00
1868.......
1867........
1866........
103
274,567 00
16,190 00
95
211,648 00
8,070 00
>
96
219,023 00
8,393 00
87
170,329 00
7,865 00
1869.
87
272,258 00
8,507 00
97
182,709 00
9,354 00
1870.
86
...
380,163 00
106
187,923 00
10,107 00
1871..
75
384,985 00
115
207,688 00
10,702 00
1872.
79
389,838 00
1844.
105
.....
171,556 00
9,459 00
1873..
80
426,088 00
1845.
108
165,469 00
8,436 00
1874.......
79
451,684 00
1846..
106
179,937 00
9,022 00
1875...
84
567,165 00
1847.
105
169,023 00
9,696 00
1876..
70
481,882 00
1848.
105
154,261 00
8,954 00
1877.
73
368,485 00
1849.....
1850.
103 154,750 00
107
3,761 00
1878.
70
.....
412,317 00
169,718 00
8,116 60
1879.
1004
....
78
450,306 00
1851.......
1852..
104 162,326 00
8,757 00
1880.
70
•
528,986 00
111 203,735 00
9,699 00
1881..
41
241,449 00
1853........
112 191,243 00
9.986 00
1882.
45
224,747 00
1854...
1855.
117 203,824 00
13,235 00
1883.
41
195,871 00
108
200,419 00
12,124 00
STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE AT ACADEMIES.
501
YEARS.
Appropriations made to Academies and rate of Distribution
per Scholar since the adoption of a uniform rate of Distri-
bution throughout the State.
YEARS
ENDING
IN-
Money Rate. ENDING
granted.
YEARS
IN-
Money Rate. ENDING
granted.
YEARS
IN-
Money
granted.
Rate.
1846........
....
$40,000 00
$2 85
1847..........
2 83
1859.....
1860
$1 89
1872.......
•
1 79
1873.........
1848....
1849...
1850.
1851..........
1852.......
1854..
1855...
2 65
1861......
1 76
1874
2 42
1862...
1 87
1875...
2 23
1863.
1 85
.....
1876.......
2 02
.....
1853...........……*
...
1864......
1 82
1877..
1 91
1865.
1 95
1878....
....
1 76
1866..
$40,000 00
3 04
1879..
.....
176
1867..
3 65
1880...
2 22
1868...
40,477 67
4 33
1381...
40,000 00
1 92
1869..
1 83
1870.
194
1871..
1856*.
1857..
1858...
*The report presented in this year was for only two-thirds of a year.
Appropriated by Regents from Literature Fund.
40,000 00
4 52
1882.
$6 91
5 74
5 11
5 28
$40,000 00
5 59
5 18
5 19
4 92
4 91
4 15
4 05
5 37
1883.
6 60
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount..
YEARS.
Academies
reporting
1838.......
68
$10,948 00
1849....
148
$38,908 00
1839.......
98
35,453 00
1850.....
157
38,972 00
1860.........
1861......
179
$39,307 00
186
38,794 00
1840.......
114
35,651 00
1851.
161
39,347 00
1862..
193
39,003 00
1841.........
121
36,388 00
1852....
162
38,960 00
1863...
190
37,637 00
1842...
125
37,371 00
1853........
160
38,460 00
1864.
190
37,876 00
1843.....
137
38,796 00
1854..
157
38,224 00
1865.......
184
37,340 00
.......
1844.......
141
37,831 00
1855...
1
157
40,050 00
1866.........
183
36,148 00
1845....
140
38,199 00
1856.......
162
38,955 00
1867.
172
36,237 00
1846........
147
38,438 00
1857.
164
40,610 00
1868.
173
35,832 00
1847..
149
38,846 00
1858.....
173
38,950 00
1869....
167
37,874 00
1848...
149
38,630 00
1859....
172
39,869 00
reporting.
Academies
Receipts from Regents for Education of Teachers.
Amount.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Amount.
YEARS.
1854....
1855....
78
1856......
1857.
1858...
73
86
95
1859....
2028×8
$15,190 00
16,149 00
15,284 00
1860........
1861..
87
90
12,810 00
14,160 00
1862...
1863........
1864..
90
87
91
$15,372 00
16,740 00
17,100 00
16,200 00
16, 107 00
1865....
1866...
1967
1868....
1869.
6381700
$15,017 00
85
14,896 00
85
14,391 00
13,995 00
85
14,636 00
15,738 00
reporting.
Academies
CHAPTER XXII.
STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE AT ACADEMIES.
In 1788, the Regents reported 79 students in the two Academies
then existing, and in 1789, 150 students at the time of visitation. In
Amount.
Amount..
502
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Number
of students.
YEARS.
1790, the number of academies was 3; in 1791, it was 5; in 1792,
it was 7; and in 1793 and 1794 it was 10 at the date of reports, but
some of these had but just been incorporated, and no statement of
attendance was given.
The report of 1795 was much more extended than those of pre-
vious years, and had it been sustained in this manner, we might date
from this period the beginning of very satisfactory returns. The
statement of attendance was however fragmentary and defective
for some years after, but enables us to present the following tables,
in which the years are those to which the reports refer, and preced-
ing those in which the reports to the Legislature were made.
Several changes have been made in the headings of the classifica
tion of attendance, which will render it proper to divide the whole
series into periods, having common resemblance, as follows:
(I) Period during which the Apportionment was based upon
the Total number attending.
Academies
reporting.
Number
attending.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
Number
attending.
YEARS.
1794.........
7
394
1802......
7
400
1795.
8
451
1803...
1810.........
1811......
1796.....
6
363
1804.
16
*9f3
1812...
21
1797...
11
*692
1805..
11
*653
1813.....
22223
1.819
20
1,916
1798..
4
232
1806....
10
**651
1814.........
1799.....
1800.....
9
1807.
19
*1,490
3
191
1808....
1801.....
5
331
1809...
1815.........
1816....
1817...
115
25
2,887
25
2,381
....
* Probably the number attending during the year. The other returns are generally those of students
attending in the term in which the report is made, but of this there is uncertainty.
(II) Period during which the Apportionment was made upon the
number of Students pursuing Classical or Higher English
Studies throughout the State.
Attending at
date of report.
Pursuing class-
ical studies.
Attending at
Pursuing classical studies.
date of report.
Academies
reporting.
Number
of students.
YEARS.
1818......
1819...
1820..
1821.
1822..
1823.
283333
2,428
30
2,218
31
2,230
31
34
2,447
35
35
2,683
36
35
2,667
36
282383
29
30
861 1824......
636
1825.....
629
1826...
794
1827.....
44
820 1828......
47
851 1829.......
49
******
39
2,475
33
34 2,446
2,440
3,050
3,424
3,835
•
283333
29
861
100
30 636
100
31 629
100
35 794
100
36
820
100
36 851
100
Academies
reporting.
Number
of students.
mies re-
porting.
Num. of
Acade-
students.
mies re-
porting.
Num. of
Acade-
students.
Claimed.
Allowed.
Per cent al-
lowed of those]
claimed.
reporting.
Academies
Number
attending.
STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE AT ACADEMIES.
503
YEARS.
Attending at
date of report.
Claimed as
pursuing classical
Sex of students
claimed, etc.
studies.
M.
F.
Allowed as pursuing
classical or higher
English studies.
Total attend-
ing during
the year.
1824..
1825...
34
1826....
1827......
.
1828..........
47
1829.........
49
******
39
2,475
2,446
•
34
33
2,440
44
3,050
41
1,377
41
3,424
48
3,835
53
1,780
2,120
8*2=38
39
675
100
709
100
709
1,240
90.05
48 1,632 91.68
53 2,030 95.75
Number of
students.
(III.) Period during which the Apportionment was made upon
the number of students pursuing Classical or Higher English
Studies by Senatorial Districts.
1830.....
57
4,303
57
2.422
57 2,220 94.99
1831..
57
4, 188
58
2,487
58 2,399 96.16
1832....
64
4,856
65
3,025
65
3,000
99.17
1833.........
67
5, 506
67
3,502
...
67
3,390
96.80
1834.......
63
5,296
64
3,792
64
3,741
96.02
1835....
65
5,548
66
4,069
•
66
4, 017
98.72
1836.....
69
6,056
69
4,590
69
4,563
99.41
1837.....
73
6,391
74
5,084
74
5,046
99.25
1838.....
105
....
10,111
106
•
7,122
106
....
7,070
99.27
1839.....
1310......
1841...
116
10,881
118
8,957
118
8,842
98.72
127
11,477
127
10, 258
127
10, 186
99.29
131
11,306
131
10,733
131
10,560
98.39
1842.
1843....
1844.
142
......
12, 142
142
11,374 6,278
5,056
142
11,277
99.15
149
11,581
149
146
11,803
146
1845..
149
12,608
153
11,669
12,279 6,519 5,760
13,518 6,955
6,511 5,156
149
11,596
99.38
146
12, 257
99.73
141
6,563
153
13, 481
99.73
152
22,782
25, 173
(IV.) Period during which the Apportionment was made upon
the number of Students pursuing Classical or Higher English
Studies throughout the State, as shown by the Reports made by
Trustees of Academies.
1846....
153
12,776
155
1847....
160
13,058
160
1,405 7,092 6,923
14,282
7,007 7,275
1848.
156
13,888
156
15,115
7,271
7,677
1849...
159
14,925
160
16,553
8, 205
1850...
165
15,477
165
17,993
8,685
8,348
9.308
155 13,998 99.63
160 14,262 99.86
156 15,043 99.53
165 16,514
153 22,077
160 25,838
154
27,077
99.76
159
28,941
166
•
17,912
93.94
166
31, 580
1851.....
168
16,214
168
19,638
9,374
10,294
168 19,552
99.56
168
33, 015
1852.........
168
18,369
168
20,977
9,976
11,001
170
20,910 99.84
170
35,077
1853......
169
18,494
169
22,675
10, 194
12, 481
169
22,670
99.98
169
37, 406
1854.
173
19,450
173
22, 824
10,913
11,911
173
22.788 99.84
173
38,734
1855...
161
14,885
165
18, 318
8,950
9,398
165
18,051
98.38
164
29,967
1856.
172
16,250
176
21,384
10,311 11,043
176
97.89
20,860
173
35,973
1857..
180
17,374
183
22,028
11,095
10,933
183
21,633
98.21
157 36,498
1858....
178
17,264
181
20,812
20, 812.10,715
10,097
181
20,571
98.89
180 35,009
1859......
183
18,069
135
21,301
10,833
10,468
185
21, 125
99.12
185
36,733
190
18,976
192
22,567
11,523
11,044
192
22,335
98.97
191
36,951
1861..
200
23, 111
11,416 11,695
200 22,685 98.11
199
37,929
1862..
204
21,834
10,686
11,148
1863......
207
•
22, 179
10,446
11,733
1864...
201
23,035
10,524
12,511
204
207 21,548
204
97.62
21,314
201
35,958
97.10
207
35, 192
21,947
95.25
204
36,892
1865..
212
21,998
9,826
12, 172
212
20,443
94.22
210
36, 133
1866..
188
14,992 7,135
7,857
188
13,140
87.65
189
36, 464
1867.
189
11,896
5,677
6, 219
185 | 10,806
90.84
195
34,851
1868...
190
9,956 4,772
5, 184
190
9,298
93.39
196
32,735
1869.
161
9,135
4,416
4,719
160
8,840
96.77
165
30, 131
1570..
180
8, 145
3,808
4,337
175
7,456
91.54
184
30,313
504
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
reporting.
Academies
(V.) Attendance at academies since the adoption of the Regent's
Preliminary Examinations in writing, as prescribed by the
Regents.
Sex of
scholars
claimed in
preceding
column.
M.
F.
1871..
7,265
1,917
30,775
6,699
3,095
3,604
17.2
6,049
650
90.29
1872... 4,647
6,256
10, 226
31,421
6, 123
2,729
3.394
17.3
5,783
340
94.44
1873..
4,702
5,965
6,886
28,597
7,303
3,296
4,007
1874... 5,794
16.7 6,967
298
95.39
7,343
7,806
31,463
8,012
1875... 5,594
6,954
3,648 4,364
17.3 7,820
192
97.59
7,116
30, 154
1876... 5,745
7,497
7,602
30,271
8,354 3,761
7,454 3,386
4,593
17.2
7,577
777
90.69
1877... 6,548
4,068.
17.4
7,154
310
95.97
า
7,231
7,544
30, 259
8,071 3,544
4,527
17.3
7,721
350
95.66
1878...
6,524
7,918
7,169
30,300
1879... 6,745
8,074 3,553 4,521
17.3
7,695
379
95.31
7,653
7,522
30, 438
8,485
3,741 4,744
17.2
8,128
357
95.79
1880...
6.781
7,554
6.525
31,099
8,578 3,707 4,871
17.2
8,356
222
97.40
1881...
7,544
8,002
8,017
31,114
1882... 7,824
9,709 4,274 5,435
16.9
8,369
9,239
34,267
1883... 7,545
8,208
8,606
32, 126
10, 175 4,253 5,922 17.0 9,874
9,610
99
98.91
301
97.04
:
CHAPTER XXIII.
TEACHERS, TEACHING, ATTENDANCE, ETC.
Number of Teachers in Academies.
NUMBER REPORTED.
Number
reported.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Number
that intend
to make
teaching a
profession.
1827
44
121
1857.
182
482
479
961
666
1828.
50
146
1858..
179
479
470
949
680
1829.
54
157
1859..
184
481
512
993
698
1830..
57
160
1860.........
192
521
521
1,042
680
1831
56
178
1861.....
200
518
585
1,043
701
1832..
64
207
1862...........
204
516
533
1,049
769
1833..
66
295
1863..
206
512
537
1,049
726
1834..
63
217
1864.
210
519
597
1,116
666
...
1835..
63
228
1865....
212
479
649
1,128
645
1836.
68
261
1866.........
197
501
620
1,121
647
1837.
73
281
1867..
210
471
610
1,081
621
1838.
105
459
1868.......
219
450
631
1,081
682
...
1839..
118
447
......
1869.......
437
593
1,030
601
1840.....
127
571
1870..........
443
618
1,061
648
1841...
131
577
1871...........
189
461
679
1,140
840
1842....
141
576
1872...........
194
462
721
1,183
848
1843..
149
583
1873...........
200
459
609
1,068
889
1844
146
569
1874....
226
495
656
1,151
951
1815.....
153
610
1875.
202
501
651
1,152
914
1846....
153
644
1876..
206
499
617
1,116
937
1817...
156
659
1877.
223
484
594
1,078
921
1848...
155
667
1878....
207
464
577
1,041
938
1849..
159
695
1879.
265
480
577
1,057
946
1850..
165
739
1880....
273
504
598
1,102
981
'
1851.
167
775
1881...
273
500
688
1,188
1,116
1852.....
1853...
169
825
1882...
260
536
769
1,315
1,313
1883..
253
536
789
1,325
1,150
1854....
1855.
1856
172
874
165
856
176
886
TEACHERS, TEACHING, ATTENDANCE, ETC.
505
COLLEGES OR OTHER INSTITUTIONS AT WHICH THE PRINCIPALS OF NEW
YORK ACADEMIES WERE Educated.
The Regent's Report of 1863 (referring to 1862), introduced a
statement of the Colleges or other institutions at which the Principals.
of Academies were educated, and this has been continued down to
the present time. A summary of these returns for the whole period
would have interest if they could be made complete; but from the
large number of names returned without mentioning the place of
graduation, in former years, we have deemed it sufficient to present
a summary for the last five years; still incomplete but instructive so
far as it goes.
Place of education. | 1879. | 1880. | 1881. 1882. 1883.
Place of education. | 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883.
N. Y. Colleges, etc.
New Eng. Colleges.
Alfred Univ........
6
4
Columbia.........
1
Cornell Univ.
8
11
Genesee...
5
4
Hamilton...
16
27
28
Hobart........
1
3
612222
4
3
Amherst...........
1
1
Boston Univ....
15
13
Bowdoin.....
4
1
Brown Univ.
28
29
2
3
Ingham Univ.
1
Dartmouth.....
Harvard......
Middlebury.
Madison Univ.......
6
9
7
9
9
Trinity...
Manhattan....
1
Tufts.......
Rochester..
6
9
11
10
11
Univ. of Vermont...
Rutger's, Fem.
1
Wellesley
St. Lawrence Univ.
1
1
1
1
2
St. Stephens,.....
1
1
Syracuse Univ.......
5
10
10
13
12
Yale.....
Union.......
15
18
16
17
18
Univ. of city of N. Y.Į
2
1
1
1
Vassar....
1
1
1
1
1
Total Colleges.....
Normal schools.....
Academies.......
2520
70
100
98
17
920
26
27
288
107
108
29
30
20
1
2
Total N. Y. State 107
146 125
137 140
.....
Wesleyan Univ.......
Williams...
Total New Eng.
N. J. Colleges.
Princeton...…………….. ………….
Rutgers
Penn. Colleges.
La Fayette...
.....
Univ. of Pa.......
Western Colleges......
Southern Colleges
European Univ.......
7 11
7 10
11
1
.....
♡♡
3
14438 MN
38238
35324
3
3
8
4
4
4
3
3
1
3
3
2
27
2
1
2
3
1
1
....
756
8
8
:00606
8
11
14
7
8
8
7
7
52
63
3883
42
52
60
22
1
1
.....
1
1
1
3
3
812
3
312
∞18
1
1
2
112
2
METHODS OF TEACHING.
In 1817, Jonathan Ware, of Albany, addressed a memorial to the
Senate, relating to an improved mode of teaching the languages,
which was referred to the Regents for examination. Their com-
mittee, after making inquiries, and observing the result in different
examinations in French classes, reported, that in their opinion, "the
system of teaching practiced by him is superior to the ordinary
course pursued in the generality of schools in this State. The
method adopted by Mr. Ware resembles that of Dufief: it consists
in teaching the proper names of things, and short familiar sentences
in the first instances, and leaves grammatical instruction until the
pupil is proficient in the art of speaking and understanding the
language. This is the natural course, and its advantages are illustrated
by the examinations referred to."
61
506
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
YEARS.
Academies
reporting.
They had however no pecuniary patronage to bestow for rewarding
individuals for discovering new and successful modes of instruction,
however meritorious, and therefore simply reported as above.
Upon the 11th of April 1817, the Senate committee reported to
the effect, that it appeared that Mr. Ware's method was a new and
valuable improvement in the education of youth, and they recom-
mended him as deserving of encouragement and patronage.'
About the year 1834, as the question of instruction of common
School Teachers by Academies came up for discussion, we find
Regent's Reports beginning to embrace articles and extracts from
returns made by academies, in which "Methods of Teaching" forın
an important part. This information does not admit of condensa-
tion or classification, and our limits do not allow of its admission in
these pages. But to the student of educational history we would
commend the Regents' Reports for many years following the date
above mentioned, as well worthy of his careful examination, and feel
confident in assuring him that he will be well rewarded by the study.
Average Attendance in the several Terms of the Year.
YEARS. Number.
YEARS. Number.
YEARS. Number.
YEARS.
Number.
1861.......
1862.......
1863...
22,238
1867...
20,676 1868...
20,066
20,724
1873.......
17,553
1879............
21,920
19,948
1874......
20,942
1880....
20,861
1869..
19,032
1875.....
19,664
1881......
23,563
1864.
21,536
1870..
19,545
1876..............
20,844
1882.
25,432
1865...
21,696
1866..
21.885
1871.....
1872.....
....
*9, 182
1877......
21,323
1883....
24, 359
21,129
1878......
21,611
Number.
YEARS.
* Academic and preparatory students.
Number of Students Gratuitously Instructed.
reporting.
Academies
Number.
YEARS.
1838.........
31
1839....
1840......
•
41
1841.
151 1842....
36 156 1843..
243 1844...
45 269 1845..
41 228
47
295
44 221
39 207
1846...........
1847.....
44
1848..
1849....
1845
251 1850...........
53 257 1851.......
47 213
1852....
53
45
57 455
1853...
398
547
664
54
874
56
898
Academies
reporting.
Number.
Students pursuing Classical Studies, preparing for College, and
entering College.
YEARS.
Pursuing Preparing
classical
for
studies. College.
Entering
College
this year.
YEARS.
Pursuing
classical
for
studies. College.
Preparing
Entering
College
this year
1874.......
1,659
345
1879.......
6,525
1,726
410
1875....
1,828
381
1880.......
6,511
1,858
476
1876..
6,069
1,772
395
1881........
7,249
2,168
504
1877......
6,135
1,775
380
1882........
7,387
2,413
468
1878...
6,301
1,883
397 1883.
7,096
2,252
491
¹ Senate Journal, 1817, p. 324.
YEARS.
Academies
.reporting.
Number.
!
TEXT-BOOKS USED IN ACADEMIES.
507
Frequency of Certain Exercises in Academies.
COMPOSITION.
wks.
DECLAMATION.
dys. 2 wks.
Daily. 3 dys. 1 wk. 10 dys. 2 wks. 3 wks. 4 wks. Daily. 1 wk. 10 dys. | 2 wks. 3 wks. 4 wks.
YEARS.
1843........
1853.....
1863..
1
2
22
ON*
10
12
217
122
3
2
127
8
140
19
8
3
11
1
121
37
5
129
129
23
2
1
21
10
15 days, 1 in 1863.
18 days, 1 in 1863.
Spelling (1863).
Daily............94
1 week ..........13
2 weeks..........6
3 days............19 18 days……………………………..1
2 days............44
5 days.............3
3 days, 1 in 1863.
15 days, 1 in 1863.
18 days, 1 in 1863.
Reading (1863).
Daily.............86
2 days
1 week...........15
Daily...
2 days
Writing (1863).
.106
1 week........10
..........32 2 weeks........5
3 days..............13 18 days..........1
.50
2 weeks..........6
3 days....
.7
18 days..............1
4 weeks..........1
4 days.
.1
4 weeks...........2 5 days.................3
5 days...........4
4 weeks.......1
NUMBER OF TERMS, AND WEEKS OF VACATION.
From an early period, there has been a class of information re-
ported which could not well be summarised for any given year,
much less for a series of years. We deem it sufficient to present
these conditions as they existed at intervals of ten years, so far as
they can be shown from reports.
Number of Academic Terms and Weeks of Vacation in a Year.
YEARS.
ACADEMIES HAVING-
1 tm. 2tms. 3 tms. 4 tms. 3.
WEEKS OF VACATION IN ACADEMIES.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
10. 11.
12.
13.
1843...........
1853...
1
1
21
1863...
222
27
129
22
5880
97
60
3923
15
1
9
2
16
23
4
48
22
22
1
722
∞22
41
3
14
52
15
62
22
9
121
52 weeks, 1 in 1843.
62 weeks, 1 in 1843.
72 weeks, 1 in 1853; 1 in 1863.
82 weeks: 1 in 1843; 1 in 1853,
130
1
4
1
25
6
9 weeks, 1 in 1853.
102 weeks, 1 in 1863.
14 weeks, 1 in 1863.
15 weeks, 1 in 1863.
112 weeks, 1 in 1863.
22 weeks, 1 in 1843.
CHAPTER XXIV.
TEXT-BOOKS USED IN ACADEMIES.¹
1
In 1835, there was begun a series of reports upon the Text-books
used in Academies, and these have since been continued through a
period of nearly fifty years. Before 1858, the total number of
¹ The Regents, by a resolution adopted February 27, 1827, decided that they did
not consider it proper as a corporate body, to express any opinion on the merits of
books prepared for the use of Common Schools. This rule has since been in-
variably followed with respect to text-books used in Academies and Colleges; but
as to books for reference and library use, the Regents have published extended
lists of such as deserved confidence.
508
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Academies using the several books were reported without specifying
the institutions where used. From 1858 to 1869, inclusive, the stud-
ies and the text-books used in the several Academies were given in
detail. From 1870 to 1880, inclusive, the total number using each
text-book, without further specification were given, and from. 1881 to
1884 those only that had been used in at least ten Academies, within
four years were reported. Having made extensive tabulations for
many years, commencing with 1835, we found that these tables
would occupy much more space than their interest might justify,
and therefore we present only the series for ten years ending in
1882-3, as published in the report of 1884.
Summary of text books reported as used in the several Academies
during the last ten years (omitting those not used in at least ten
Academies within four years past).
NUMBER OF ACADEMIES.
SUBJECTS AND AUTHORS.
I. PRELIMINARY SUBJECTS.
Arithmetic.
Davies......
Fish ...
McVicar
Milne .....
Robinson..
Thomson..
Other authors.
English Grammar.
Brown......
Clark............
Greene
Harvey..
Kerl.......
•
....
Reed and Kellogg...
Swinton......
Whitney...
Other authors......
Geography (Descriptive).
Appleton.....
Guyot
....
IIarper
McNally.
Monteith....
Swinton.....
Warren..
Other authors.................……… ……………………
English Dictionary,
Webster.......
Worcester...…………………
Davies
Ficklin
Loomis..
Milne............
Olney....
Robinson.....
Wentworth
II. MATHEMATICS.
Algebra.
Other authors….......
Book-keeping.
Bryant and Stratton
Fulton and Eastman.
Merservay..………………..
Other authors.
....
1873-4.
1874-5.
1875-6.
1876-7.
1877-8.
1878-9.
1879-80.
1880-1.
1881-2.
1882-3.
26
23
18
10
•
22020
16
11
21
28
28
3888
13
11
37
2329
13
25
23
10
161
167 151 151 161
173
169
168
183
164
10
22
22
23
16
15
17
16
12
12
33
22023
12
8
16
51
56
55
58
34
34
25
26
....
• ......
4
5
50
46
2204
32
26
27
29
8
10
47
54
49
3
5
12
23
30
3
**29*95*
54
58
27
28
27
13
50
10
13
27
23
8
**2282*=
51
46
42
36
23
32
20
19
38
29
28
12
13
14
18
45
47
54
43
20
27
49
67
33
27
28
25
9
11
7
CATERER 2
20
13
24
16
...
•
36
44
35
.....
75
74 67
25
37
38
5
61
64
47
232+23
45
15
17
15
5
11
19
21
62
40
31
36
29
43
34
35
40 47
59
73
72 78 81
57
21
35
25
PORRFIL
10
15
12
10
25
24
23
21
37
83
24
22
3
.........
159 166
24
9971
161
162 161 173
218
33
31
21
28
42
3832883
20
18
21
18
19
17
1
6
10
အဆ
13
14
11
10
8 10
8
7
10
7
... .....
13
4
8
9
12
17 17
19
15
23
15
170
179
181
175
171 181 178
176
180
154
17
30
13
...
108
113
120
23
26
23
126 137 132 129
21 22 25 21
126 152
137
19
21
5203
14
10
35
208
36
TEXT-BOOKS USED IN ACADEMIES.
509
Barnes.
Krusi..
Smith
.....
•
White
SUBJECTS AND AUTHORS.
Drawing.
Other authors..............
Davies.
Loomis
Olney...........………….
Robinson.
TABLE―(Continued).
NUMBER OF ACADEMIES.
1873-4.
1874-5.
1875-6.
.....
1876-7.
1877-8.
1878-9.
1879-80.
1880-1.
1881-2.
Geometry, plane.
101 100
103
96
106
98
24
30
30
31
20
33
888888
88888
89
86
81
26
51
50
47
49
43
49
54 46 44
....
5
24
45
21222
72
24
10
41
63
...
.....
732.53
60
15
4
87
14
1882-3.
724
27
24
27
16
20
235
23235
23
17
15
25
16
16
31
27
31
34420
13
19
Wentworth
Other authors..
....
Surveying and leveling.
Davies.....
Robinson...
225
2323
25
12
12
15
16
26
Other authors......
16
21
18
14
15
13
10
16
11
18
16
16
15
11
17
Trigonometry, plane.
Davies
48
52
44
44
52
57
45
49
37
Loomis
.....
Robinson...
29
23
25
26
18
35
34
26
32883
29
10
13
29
Other authors.........
20
2222
III. PHYSICAL SCIENCES.
Astronomy.
Lockyer
19
33
Steele
43
45
2288
27
58
38
29
32
59 70
222222
2500
35
87
33995
36
34
90
84
88858
33
87
Other authors...
....
....
.....
mx843
37
78
23
......
Chemistry.
Cooley.
14
Steele
Elliott and Storer.............
Youmans.........
Other authors.........
7
10
12
8
57
63
67
67
7
9
12
13
2853
10
12
6
11
7
89
94 113 87
14
14
14
10
24878
21
9
86
23
Physics.
Avery
Cooley.
Peck's Ganot..
Quackenbos.....
Rolfe and Gillett....
Steele........……………
Wells..........……………
Other authors......
...
IV. NATURAL SCIENCES.
Botany.
Gray
Steelę
Wood.
Other authors..
Geology.
Dana
Steele..
Other authors...
Mineralogy.
Dana...
7
5
14
20
20
23
20
21 17
2903
13
18
10
222
20
•
285
19
19
18
11
12
13
11
12
7
56
51
AN
72 82
76
80
94 101
102
107
108
46
34
38
37
33
24
26
28
UNOVAUNU
4
23
15
...
•
78
83
88
92
92 100
•
45
44
47
45
49
50
3343
93
13
45
8333
99 114
104
19
16
9
33
34
27
3
30
34
28
44 52
53
28
31
31
នគ
55
59
63
59
61
58
38
45
51
46
39
41
7
......
Other authors....................
Physical Geography.
Cornell
Guyot.....
Houston....
Monteith.....
Warren...........
13
45
16
13
32038
11
19
48
48
30
33
13
14
50
52
66 48
2****
20
44
33
14
272430
21
53
18
Other authors...
Physiology and Hygiene.
Cutter
Dalton....
Hutchinson ...........
9329
49
23
28
27
37
Steele......
16
29
+2+3
4232
44 47
20
44
31
2008 200
34
27
24
21
56
54
38
51
2208
25
21
60
64
12225
16
26
65
72
2274
13
13
18
20
67
69
77
75
77
22732
12
19
80
20
Other authors............……………………
..
18
11
11
Nã
10
510
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Other authors......
VI. HISTORY.
SUBJECTS AND AUTHORS.
1873-4.
TABLE(Continued).
1874-5.
1875-6.
1876-7.
Number of Academies.
1877-8.
1878-9.
Zoology.
Hooker...
5
LO
5
6
..
Steele..
28
Tenney......
Other authors......
8
4
7
9
12
10
11
7 17
20
18
21
10
12
7
233343
28990
V. ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
English Literature.
Collier......
5
7
6
Hart..........
13
8
10
6-1
79
57
6
6
1
Kellogg
...
...
.....
Shaw*
30
47 52
50
41
7
8 11
5
6
11
13
10
13
56
52
72
92
77
22
Other authors................
GOREN
Rhetoric..
Hart
40
49
57
63
76
76
73
Hill ....
Kellogg..
Quackenbos
8
17
888
69 73
18
•
...
.....
86
70
70
65
65
77
64
.61
2285
26
30
54
NAWN3
69
27
37
46
23
.....
History (General).
Anderson
46
..........
42 55
50
Quackenbos
4
Swinton..
16
22
36
పండి
48
50
9%
43
52
==33
44
53
44
41
14
15
13
8
48
45
43
43
Other authors........
11
....
American History.
Anderson
51
60
59
81
63
47
....
Barnes....
16
21
34
30
40
46
3999995
60
59
45
50
.......
Higginson..
Quackenbos
Redpath....
Swinton.
Other authors.
History of England.
Anderson ......
Lancaster...
Other authors...
Anderson
Smith .....
+
History of Greece.
Other authors....
....
....
FF!
21
17
9
6
15
19
19
21
1
8
26
32
33
35
39
14
22
17
16
9
12
16
16
TELESK
62
58
49
74
14
7
17
16
32
16
19
19
31
40
49
11
35
..
15
......
.........
16
17
31
34
22
25
32
History of Rome.
Anderson
..
...
Leighton
Smith ....... ……………………………
Other authors..
14
18
14
10
20
11
19
14
7
29
VII. SOCIAL SCIENCE.
Civil Government.
Alden
12
11
14
17
14
15
Northam....
5
19
Townsend
28
33
48
50
55
60
Young............
11
15
19
16
15
16
2852
3289
19
20
30
47
61
62
12
35
24233
12
58
57
49
207-
12
63
45
Other authors................ ……………………
2*420
62
10
Political Economy.
Alden
Chapin
1
2
8 13
11
6
Wayland........
•
• ..
Other authors.....
9
17
14
14
Teaching — Principles of.
De Graff.....
Page.....
Other authors.....
59
53
53
58
51
.........
11
14
19
48
51
37 45
43
24
***
.... ....
..
VIII. PHILOSOPHY.
Mental Philosophy.
Haven....
18
20
22
21
.24
20
25
23
15
Other authors.....
088838
19
*Chiefly Backus' edition.
1879-80.
1880-1.
1881-2.
1882-3.
TEXT-BOOKS USED IN ACADEMIES.
511
YEARS.
SUBJECTS AND AUTHORS.
Wayland..
Moral Philosophy.
Other authors.........
IX. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Greek Grammar.
Crosby.
Goodwin.
Hadley
Other authors.
Latin Grammar.
Allen and Greenough.
Harkness.......
Other authors
X. MODERN LANGUAGES.
French.
TABLE — (Continued).
1873-4.
1874-5.
1875-6.
1876-7.
NUMBER OF ACADEMIES.
1877-8.
1878-9.
1879-80.
24
24
25
17
26
18
8
19
20
14
32
1880-1.
28
21
...
35
51
71
73
255
18
16
57
67 65
35
58
2883
20
60
63
2875
20
82
54
47
24
12
14
9
5
94 102
114 1099)
36
37
•
2230
130
37
48
45
51
77
81
107
108
105
130 135
148
140
137
125
114
123
115
8
ཙྪེ8° ⪜བྷཱ°
29
6
Fasquelle......
Keetel.
Otto.
2723
15
Other authors...
81
82
64
65
58
47
39
37
34
24
9
9
11
8
10
11
18
18
26
25
27
25
35
32
30
32
35
35
535000 3535
2233
German.
Ahn.
20
Comfort
Otto...
✦ Whitney.
Woodbury.
44
Worman......
222412
25
22
002
18
20
28
28
31
37
42
5
6
32
35
26
19
16
17
222-27
23
32
38
9
228122
19
43
14
25 27
20
***-72
33
16
17
15
16
228738
24
24
29
29
20
53
48
51
11
12
16
14
16
20
2271-2
14
6
28
Other authors..
9
ENGLISH DICTIONARIES -The following is a list of the principal
authors mentioned as in use in Academies since 1835, viz.: Bolles,
Cobbs, Davie, Fowler, Gallaudet, Johnson, Oswald, Reid, Richard-
son, Smart, Walker, Webster, Worcester.
The two last mentioned have far exceeded all the others in num-
ber of Academies where used. Their relative strength since 1838
has been as follows:
Webster.
Worcester.
YEARS.
Webster.
Worcester.
YEARS.
Webster.
Worcester.
1839..
13
1840...
19
1841.
1842......
1843....
.......
1844...
1845.
21
26
36
35
1846
63
.....
1847...
1848.......
1849......
1850.....
......
222283232LFI
1851.....
1852..
93
82
1862.......
1863..
161
160
889
39
1873......
156
39
1874...
159
24
1853.......
96
11
1864..
159
46
1875.
166
1854.
124
13
1865....
156
40
1876...
161
1855......
133
17
1866..
169
29
1877.
162
31
1856.........
136
21 1867.
167
26
1878.
161
21
42
1857...
150
21
1858...
138
26
1859..
150
34
71
1860......
1861......
153
157
12238
1868..
1869...
1870........
175
31
1879.
173
159
31
140
1871...
36
1872.........
155
156
52822
1880*....
30
1881...
218
1882...
1883.....
223
208
2278722 236
33
42
33
*Not reported.
YEARS.
Webster.
Worcester.
1891-2.
1882-3.
512
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XXV.
THE PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS
ACADEMIC LIBRARIES.
In the earlier years after the creation of a Board of Regents, there
being no school apparatus procurable in the country, the Regents
adopted the custom of importing from abroad, and of delivering the
apparatus thus purchased by their committees, as a deposit in the
College and the Academies "for their use respectively during the
pleasure of this Regency, as the said committee shall deem most
eligible, so as the value of the Books and Apparatus to be deposited
in the College shall be as near as may be equal to an half, and thẻ
Books and Apparatus deposited in each of the Academies shall be as
may be equal to an eighth part of the sum to be expended by the
said committee.¹ "
As a record of the state of knowledge in the physical sciences
nearly a century ago, we here present a list of apparatus which the
Regents were requested, over the signatures of Wm. Samuel John- *
son, John Kemp, and Sanuel Bard, in May, 1790, as a Committee
appointed by the Trustees of Columbia College, to purchase for that
Institution. We may assume that these articles were the best of
their kind known to science at that period. Those marked with a
star could be constructed in New York; the rest were to be im-
ported from London. The numbers were put in upon revision in
the order of greatest need, to be purchased in this order, provided
the money held out, and those marked "0" were probably such as
could be dispensed with, or made nearer home.
A List of some of the most necessary Things for Compleating
the Philosophical Apparatus of Columbia College.
1. An Electrical Machine, the glass cylinder nine inches diameter
and fifteen inches long. Another glass cylinder of the same size,
adapted to the machine in case of an accident to the former; both
hung in such a manner as to turn exactly round without jolting. A
common discharger.
2. A universal discharger.
3. A quadrant electrometer.
¹ Minutes of Regents, April 17, 1790. Mr. Rodgers, Mr. Moore, Mr. Verplanck
and Mr. Clarkson were appointed a Committee for this purpose, and the sum of
£750 [$1,875] was appropriated for this first purchase. With this sum they
bought a bill of exchange upon London for £475 sterling.
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
513
4. Four brass tubes for showing the properties of positive and
negative electricity. A brass hoop with a wire fixed to its circum-
ference to go into a stand.
5. Two brass plates, one to hang to the conductor, the other to go
into a stand, with a glass cylinder for placing occasionally between
them.
6. Three light glass balls.
10. One ivory ball, one boxwood ball.
7. The spiral tube.
8. The luminous word FRANKLIN. An electrical vane. A com-
bination of flyers.
9. The apparatus, Fig. 49, Adams' Electricity, consisting of a
syringe, a stand, an exhausted tube, and brass caps, the Leyden
vacuum, two Leyden phials and two small wires with brass knobs.
10. A Leyden jar with movable coatings.
11. Two coated jars such as they may stand one above another.
Jar and apparatus, Fig. 58, Adam's Electricity, so constructed that
the supporter of the fly and bells may unscrew, and the wires in Fig.
50, 51, 52 of Adam's Electricity may be put in their place.
10. Two oval boards, three feet by two, coated.
12. An electrophoras. A tube such as is used for barometers,
with a brass cap and wire going into the upper end of the tube.
*1. A small powder-house and tinder-house united. Mr. Volta's
inflammable air lamp.
13. An electrical pistol.
14. A luminous conductor.
15. A glass tube exhausted of air and hermetically sealed. An
electrical sock. A self-moving wheel.
16. Two electrical batteries, consisting each of thirty feet square
of coated glass, constructed in such a manner that the force of both
may be united, to be made of green glass. One large coated jar
with a wire round the outside, and rising with a gentle bend as high
as the knob on the inside wire, and terminating in knob.
17. Six dozen glass tubes of the following dimensions: One rough
tube, two feet long, and one and one-half inches diameter. Four
smooth tubes, three feet long, two and one-half inches diameter.
Three smooth tubes, three feet long, three inches diameter, closed
at one end. Three smooth tubes, eighteen inches long, one and one-
half inch diameter. Four smooth tubes, eighteen inches long, one
inch diameter. Three smooth tubes, three feet long, one-fourth inch
diameter, closed at one end. Three smooth tubes, eighteen inches
long, and one-fourth inch diameter. Six smooth tubes, three
feet long, and one-fourth inch diameter, bent in the shape of an
Six smooth tubes, eighteen inches long, and, one-
fourth inch diameter, bent in the same manner. Two smooth tubes,
twelve inches long, and three inches diameter. Two smooth tubes,
eighteen inches long, and one-third of an inch diameter. Twelve
smooth tubes, eighteen inches long, from one-fourth to one-eighth of
an inch diameter. Six smooth tubes, eighteen inches long, from
65
514
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
one-eighth to one-sixteenth of an inch diameter. Seventeen capil-
lary tubes, eighteen inches long. Six capillary syphons. One
tourmaline. Six pounds brass filings, sold by pin makers. 1. Three
glass funnels of different sizes for conveying air from one vessel to
another. Nine cylindrical jars, ten inches long and two and one-
half inches diameter. Three cylindrical jars, open at both ends.
Three glass syphons, Fig. 13, Vol. 1, Priestly on Air. One trans-
fer and syphon for admitting air, Fig. 14, Vol. 1, Priestly on Air.
Four tapering tubes, Fig. 17, Vol. 1, Priestly on Air. Twenty-four
round-bottomed phials, marked a, Vol. 2, Priestly on Air. Six
glass phials with ground stoppels, and several holes in them, marked
Vol. 2, Priestly on Air. Twelve glass phials, with thin round
bottoms, and perforated ground stoppels, drawn out into tubes,
marked c, Vol. 2, Priestly on Air. Twelve long, round-bottomed
phials, twelve inches long, marked d, Vol. 2, Priestly on Air. Six
measures, each holding twice the preceding, the largest marked ac-
cording to the lesser measured, marked f, Vol 2, Priestly on Air.
Dr. Mooth's apparatus for impregnating water with fixed air, as im-
proved by Mr. Parker. Six glass vessels, represented Figs. 2 and 3,
Vol. 3, Priestly on Air, of each. Glass bulb and thermometer, Fig.
2, Vol. 5, Priestly on Air. A endiometer of the simplest construc-
tion. Mr. Woulfe's apparatus, Fig. 4, Vol. 3, Priestly on Air. A
double convex lens, seven feet focal length, for a scioptic ball. A
double concave, three inches diameter. A small achromatic lens.
1. A small mortar, chase five and one-half inches long, diameter
three and one-half inches, length of chamber two inches, diameter
three-fourths of an inch, with a hollow brass ball weighing twenty-
three thousand grains, three and one-half inches diameter. A quad-
rant adapted to the same for elevating it. A small speaking trumpet,
such as would be formed by the revolution of a logarithmic curve
round its axis. A hydrometer, best kind. 0. A model of locks and
a small boat. 0. A vessel to show the distance to which, and the
velocity wherewith water spouts from orifices in the sides of vessels,
made of white iron, and so constructed that it may be converted into
a jet d'eau, and that a model of pipes for conducting water may be
occasionally joined to it. *1. A model of the different kinds of
fountains. *2. A model of the different kinds of mill wheels for
measuring their relative forces and velocities, according to Mr.
Smeaton. *0. A model of Barker's mill, improved. *3. A model
of the mechanical paradox. 4. A hydrostatical bellows. 5. A
model of Valoue's pile engine. *6. A model for shewing the man-
ner Mr. Blakey applies the force of steam. *0. Model of the Ilun-
garian machine for raising water from mines. An Archimedes
screw. *7. A model of Ferguson's machine for showing that the
pressure of fluids on the bottoms of vessels is proportional to their
altitude. 8. Ferguson's Universal Dialling Cylinder. Smeaton's
air-pump improved, with one large receiver for same. Six receivers
for same of different sizes, one open at the top and another with a
brass cap and stop-cock. A jar with six small glass images of differ-
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
515
ent specific gravities. *0. A model of De la Hire's pump. A con-
denser, and vessel for holding condensed air. The air-gun improved,
with a rifle barrel to unscrew. Six pillars of solid varnished glass,
one and one-half inches diameter, and fourteen inches long. A re-
flecting telescope, with four magnifyers, and a micrometer adapted
to the same. 2. An astronomical clock, with a gridiron pendulum.
3. An astronomical quadrant, three and one-half feet radius, movable
round its perpendicular axis which is always directed to the zenith.
Have a movable index and nonus, carrying a telescope for measuring
the altitude. The quadrant to be furnished with a horizontal gradu-
ated circle for finding the azimuth. 5. A clock that rings seconds.
6. An orrery.
Many of the older academies received globes and large wall maps,
which were imported from England. At a later period the Regents
discontinued these purchases, and on the 9th of March, 1830, they
decided that they did not, under the Revised Statutes, possess the
power of making any other disposition of their funds, than in the
payment of teachers.
This decision did not remain long in force; for the Legislature, on
the 22d of April, 1834,¹ removed the restriction, in an act entitled
"A law providing for the distribution of the revenues of the Litera-
ture Fund." Under this act, the sum of $12,000 was to be divided
among the academies, in proportion to attendance, as then provided
by law, and exclusively applied towards paying the salaries of tutors.
Any excess of the income from the Literature Fund above this
sum was to be distributed at the discretion of the Regents, among
academies subject to their visitation and under such rules and regula-
tions as they might prescribe, for the purchase of text-books, maps
and globes, or philosophical or chemical apparatus, such sum not to
exceed $250 to any one academy in one year. But no part of this
excess thus distributed was to be paid over, unless the Trustees of
the academy or school should give an equal sum of money for the
same object.
The Regents by resolution passed February 5, 1839, authorized
the committee on appropriations for the purchase of books and
apparatus, upon request to designate the particular books and ap-
paratus to be purchased.
They further decided (March 15, 1839) that the contributions
raised by the Trustees to enable them to obtain an appropriation
1 ¹ Chapter 140, Laws of 1834.
516
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
must be made in actual money, and with special reference to some
intended application to the Regents for a like appropriation.
It was also resolved (June 7, 1839) that no Academy should there-
after be allowed to participate in the distribution, unless it should
have at the time of making its report next preceding, a library worth
at least $150, and apparatus of at least equal value. But if it did
not have this, they should raise by contribution a sum equal to half
the deficiency (if over $100), so as to become entitled to a like
amount, when it should be deemed to have complied with the above
resolution. Whenever the applications exceeded the amount appro-
priated, preference was to be given to the academies which had re-
ceived the least amount for these purposes; and applications from
academies which had received appropriations made before the Re-
gents' Annual Report was adopted, were to be reserved until that
time, for the purpose of ascertaining whether other applications
would be made from academies that had not received appropriations.
It was decided February 20, 1845, that academies could not pur-
chase geological and mineralogical specimens with the moneys granted
for books and apparatus. A failure to report the manner in which
these grants were applied, was by a resolution of February 25, 1848,
to lead to a suspension of payment for this object, and by further
resolution (February 23, 1849), the annual apportionment was to be
withheld in case of such neglect.
The law directing an uncertain surplus to be applied for the pur-
chase of books and apparatus, which had continued since 1834, was
made definite in 1851,¹ by an act providing that the sum of $3,000
should be distributed annually from the income of the Literature
Fund, for the purchase of text-books, maps and globes, or philo-
sophical or chemical apparatus, among such academies as applied for
the same, and complied with the rules.
The sum granted by the State for this object down to and includ
ing 1882 was $154,609.29. The limit allowed to any one institu-
tion was formerly $250, but this has since been reduced.
In the case of Academic Departments of Union Schools, it has
been held, that money raised by voluntary tax upon the tax payers
of a district will satisfy the requirement as to raising a sum equal to
that allowed by the Regents.
(
The Regents, in their report made January 10, 1884, called the
attention of the Legislature to the great utility which this aid to
1 Chap. 536, Laws of 1851.
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
517
Academies had rendered, by stimulating local efforts and presenting
a strong motive for increasing these facilities for education. Al-
though the limit of allowance had been reduced from $250 to $150,
the applications were largely in excess of the means provided, having
during the previous year reached the sum of $4,013.98. It was
recommended that the appropriation be increased from the $3,000
to $5,000 or $6,000.
In accordance with this request the Legislature in 1884, after grant-
ing the customary allowance of $3,000, from the Literature Fund,
in the annual act for the support of government, made a further
grant of $3,000 from the revenues of the United States Deposit
Fund in the Supply Bill, to meet deficiencies, and provide for the
institutions that had applied but not received.
A donation by will, for the purchase of apparatus, was declared
(February 25, 1853) a conformity to the law, the same as a donation
from a living person.
More liberal provision having been made for the purpose of aid-
ing in the purchase of books and apparatus by Academies, it was
thought proper to revive the former and somewhat intricate rules
for distribution, since the regulations for giving preferences had be-
come unnecessary. A new series of ordinances was adopted July 9,
1884.
Under these, the rights of Academies and of Academic Depart-
ments admitted by the Regents were regarded as equal, and as be-
fore, an equal amount was required to be raised by the Trustees or
Boards of Education, and actually paid to their treasurers for this
object. These values must be in money, and not in form of books
or apparatus. The standard required for admission since July,
1882, must be maintained, viz.; $500 worth of Library and $500
for apparatus; but in Academies received before that time these
values might be $150 for each.
No institution could receive two years in succession, nor more
than $150, in a year. A smaller amount might be assigned if the
applications exceeded the appropriation. The time for applying is
to close with the calendar year, and apportionment is made upon the
amount asked for at that time. The trustees must state beforehand
what books and apparatus they propose to purchase, or may if they
prefer, send a list. Musical instruments, chemicals or laboratory
articles of a perishable nature may not be included.
A detailed statement must be made in the next annual reports, of
the articles purchased, with prices, and until it appears that all of
518
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the moneys raised and received have been expended for these objects,
no further applications will be received. In case the whole sum ap-
propriated is not granted, applications received after December 31,
will be considered, but not otherwise.
Amount received from the Regents and the total amount re-
ceived and raised for Books and Apparatus under the act of
1834.
YEARS.
Received
from
Regents.
Total sum
received and
raised.
YEARS.
1835........
$1,852 00
$3,704 00
1860.........
$2,500 00
1836......
1,183 00
2,366 00
1861......
2,500 00
Received
from
Regents.
Total sum
received and
raised.
$5,000 00
5,000 00
1837...
2,110 00
4,220 00
1862.
2.500 00
5, 000 00
1838
2,475 00
.....
4,950 00
1863...
5,500 00
11,000 00
1839..
4,049 15
8,098 30
1864...
3,000 00
6,000 00
1840..
.......
3,597 14
7,194 28
18
3,291 00
6,582 (0)
1841.......
4,337 00
8,674 00
1866.
3,000 00
6,000 00
1842..
3,373 00
6,746 00
1867....
3,000 00
6,000 CO
1843
1,455 88
2,911 76
1868.
3,000 00
6,000 00
184t......
3,423 03
6,846 06
1869.....
5,500 00
11,000 CO
1845............
1,861 00
3,722 00
1870...........
4,444 46
8,888 92
1846..
2,708 50
5,417 00
1871..
3,755 34
7,511 08
1847..
2,602 38
5,204 76
1872...
4,552 46
9,104 92
1848..
2,900 27
5,800 54
אן
1873.......
5,643 92
11,287 84
1849...
1,534 60
3,069 20
1874.....
3,356 08
6,712 16
1850..
2,979 45
5,958 90
1875...
6,000 00
12,000 00
1851.
2,532 31
5,064 62
1876.
3,000 00
6,000 00
1852.
2,669 65
5,339 30
1877...
3,000 00
6,000 00
1853..
3,119 00
6,238 00
1878...
3,000 00
6,000 00
1854...
2,926 07
5,852 14
1879....
4,424 37
8,848 74
1855...
2,500 00
5,000 00
1880.
3,000 00
6,000 00
1856..
2,452 21
4,904 42
1881..
3,000 00
6,000 00
1857.
2,712 85
5,425 70
1882.………..
3,000 00
6,000 00
1858.
4,240 21
8,480 42
1883.
3,000 00
6,000 00
1859...
2,798 22
5,596 44
1884.
3,000 00
6,000 00
Of the above sums evidences were produced showing expendi-
tures for the objects specified, excepting in certain years, and in
small amounts, the whole being $1,419.45. The details of this
deficiency are show in the Academic Report of 1883, p. 269.
Statement of Moneys apportioned to Academies by the Regents
for the purchase of Books and Apparatus - an equal amount
being in all cases raised by Academies by contribution from
sources other than their corporate property, and expended for
the same objects.
When
granted.
NAME OF ACADEMIES.*
Before 1874
Jan. 11, 1881
Before 1874
Jan. 15, 1875
Jan. 12, 1877
Jan.
10, 1879
Acad⚫my at Little Falls.........
Adams Collegiate Institute.
Addison Academy and Union School.
do
do
do
do
do
do
……….....
Jan.
13, 18×2
do
do
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
1
9, 1871
Jan. 15, 1875
Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn………..
do
do
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
$645 00
150 00
$645 00
150 00
200 00
250 00
100 00
100 00
22 19
27 81
250 60
250 00
700 00
500 00
* The names of extinct and non-reporting academies are placed by themselves at the end of this principal
list.
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
519
When
ranted.
TABLE
(Continued).
NAME OF ACADEMIES. ·
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
9, 1880
Jan.
13, 1881
Afton Union School, Acad. Dept...
Jan.
12. 1883
do
do
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
Before 1874
Albany Academy,
Jan.
9, 1880
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
Jan.
11, 1884
do
Before 1874
Albany Female Academy..
Jan.
15, 1875
Albany High School.
Jan.
14, 1876
do
Jan.
12, 1877
do
Jan.
9, 1880
do
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Before 1874
Albion Academy......
Jan. 11, 1378
do
Before 1874
Before 1874
Alfred Academy (Acad. Dept. of University)..
Amenia Seminary..........
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1878
Amsterdam Academy.
14, 1876
Augola Union School, Acad. Dept.
Jan.
9, 1880
Jun.
12, 1883
do
do
do
do
Before
1874
Antwerp Liberal Literary Institute (now Ives Sem.)...………..
Before
1874
Argyle Academy…………….
....
Before 1874
Attica Union School, Acad. Dept.............
Jan. 11, 1878
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Auburn Academic High School..
Before 1874
Aurora Academy.....
Jan.
9. 1874
do
Jan. 11, 1878
do
do
do
....
$50 00
150 00
15.00
$215 00
935 00
225 00
150 00
60 47
1,370 47
1,000 00
1,000 00
250 00
....
250 00
250 00
200 00
.....
200 00
1,150 00
477 00
250 00
727 00
1.554 93
...
1,554 93
1,006 90
1,006 90
250 00
250 00
32 40
4 03
50 00
86 43
351 00
351 00
272 00
272 00
232 70
10.50
38 93
282 13
.....
705 00
705 00
375 00
71 00
13 40
10 60
8 56
478 56
Jan.
11, 1884
Jan.
15, 1875
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
Jan.
9. 1874
Jan.
14, 1876
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
do
do
Avon Union School, Acad. Dept..........
Bainbridge Union School, Acad. Dept....
Baldwinsville Academy.......
150 00
150 00
250 00
do
45 51
293 51
212 00
150 00
75.00
....
65 29
50 12
Before 1874
Before 1874
Batavia Union School, Acad. Dept.
Binghamton Academy...
Before 1874
Brookfield Academy....... ....
1,675 00
1,354 50
297 00
552 41
1,675 00
1,354 50
.....
Jan. 9, 1880
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 14, 1876
do
225 74
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnie Institute.
Buffalo Central School.....
1,750 00
522 74
1,750 00
250 00
......
do
250 00
500 00
Before 1874
Buffalo Female Academy.
756 71
756 71
Before 1874
Cambridge Washington Acad. and Union School..
749 58
Jan.
13, 1881
do
do
209 55
959 13
Before
Before
187
1874
Canajoharie Academy.............
539 00
539 00
Canandaigua Academy.
500 00
500 00
Before 1874
Canastota Union School, Acad. Dept.......
250 00
Jan.
15, 1876
do
do
200 00
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
50 00
Jan. 13, 1881
do
do
30.00
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
64 95
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
36 52
631 47
Jan.
Jan.
Before
Before
9, 1874
15, 1875
1874
Candor Free Academy.
215 00
....
do
126 00
do
98 00
439 00
Jan.
Before 1874
Before 1874
Before 1874
1874
14, 1876
Jan.
12, 1877
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
Jan.
12, 1877
Jan. 10, 1879
Jan.
9, 1880
Jan.
13, 1881
Jan.
14, 1876
Jan.
13, 1881
Before 1874
Jan.
11, 1878
do
Before
1874
Cayuga Lake Academy..
Jan.
13. 1882
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
Betore 1874
Before
1874
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Jan.
12, 1883
Chili Seminary.
Cincinnatus Academy.
do
Canton Academy.
do
do
do
Canisteo Academy..
Canton Union School, Acad. Dept......
do
Cary Collegiate Seminary
Carthage Union School, Acad. Dept.....
Castile Union School, Acad Dept......
do
Catskill Free Academy
350 00
....... ....
72.00
422 00
407 95
95 00
do
do
do
do
39 50
542 45
552 00
552 00
66 23
71 94
8 06
43 55
189 78
....
70 00
do
21 00
91 00
250 00
250 00
Cazenovia Seminary (formerly Oneida Conf. Sem.).
Chamberlain Inst. (formerly Randolph Acad.)
Chester Academy and Union School………………………………………………………………….
do
1,147 00
1,500 00
500 00
1,147 00
do
do
.....
...
100 00
80 50
500 00
755 00
1,680 50
500 00
50 00
805 00
150 00
150 00
274 00
274 00
520
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
When
granted.
TABLE― (Continued).
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
Jan. 11, 1884
do
do
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Jan.
15, 1875
Before 1874
do
do
Jan. 9, 1880
Clarence Classical Union School………………..
Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute.........
do
$650 00
250 00
1,503 50
$900 00
do
32 22
1,535 72
Before 1874
Clinton Grammar School..
738 87
738 87
Before 1874
Clinton Liberal Institute.............
737 75
737 75
Jan. 11, 1884
Clyde High School. ......
...
150 00
150 00
Jan.
14, 1876
Colgate Academy (formerly Gram. Sch. Madison U.)….......
250 00
Jan.
13. 1881
do
do
215 49
465 49
Jan.
10, 1879
Cobleskill Union School, Acad. Dept......
50.00
50 00
Jan.
14, 1876
Cooperstown Union School, Acad. Dept....
150 00
150 00
Jan.
9. 1874
Cook Academy
250 00
Jan.
15, 1875
do
230 00
Jan.
12, 1877
do
28 00
Jan.
10, 1879
do
.........
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
Before
1874
Corning Free Academy.
Before
1874
Before 1874
Dansville Seminary.....
1874
Delaware Academy.............
Before 1874
Before
Before 1874
Cortland Academy (now Homer Union School)....
Coxsackie Academy………………….
Deerpark Union School (Port Jervis).
.....
...
....
160 00
56 85
91.00
75 00
1,174 50
25 00
681 26
60 00
798 19
815 85
75.00
1,174 50
25.00
684 26
60 00
July 8. 1879
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
do
Jan. 11, 1884
Before 1874
Jan. 11, 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 12, 1877
Before 1874
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
11, 1878
Jan. 10, 1879
Jan.
13, 1881
Delaware Literary Institute.
Deposit Union School, Acad. Dpt..........
De Ruyter Institute..
do Union School, Acad. Dept......
Dryden Union School, Acad. Dept.
...
do
do
50 00
9 94
150 00
22 43
1,030 56
2,496 31
100 00
2,596 34
215 00
46 00
261 00
549 00
39 50
588 50
125 00
50 00
100 00
16 67
291 67
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
......
Before 1874
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Forestville Free Academy.
do
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
Jan.
11, 1881
do
do.
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
Jan. 12, 1883
do
do
Jau. 9, 1874
Jan.
15, 1875
do
Jan.
14, 1876
do
Before 1874
Fort Plain Seminary..
Jan.
14, 1876
do do
Before 1871
Jan.
15, 1875
July
8, 1879
do
do
do
do
Jan.
1874
Jan.
Jan.
do
do
Jan.
11, 1884
12, 1877
Jan. 11, 1878
Before 1874
Jan.
Dundee Preparatory School......
Dunkirk Union School, Acad. Dept…………………….
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
do
Jan.
15, 1875
Jan.
12, 1883
East Springfield Academy....
Jan.
9, 1880
Before 1874
Before 1874
Ellington Academy...
...
Before 1874
.Before 1874
Before 1871
Before 1874
Jan. 15, 1875
Before 1874
Jan. 9, 1880
Jan.
11, 1878
East Hamburgh Friends' Institute..
Egberts High School, Cohoes.
Elizabethtown Union School, Acad. Dept....
Elmira Academy.
do Free Academy
Evans Academy (formerly Peterboro' Academy).
Fairfield Academy.
Fairport Union School, Acad. Dept..
Falley Seminary….......
do
do
Flushing High School.........
.....
50 00
50 00
250 00
do
do
do
250 00
247 85
147 00
894 85
··
40 00
40 00
62 78
62 78
60 00
60 00
32 50
32 50
49 00
49 00
216 19
216 19
1,500 00
1,500 00
.....
....
.....
22 50
1,570 00
200 00
1,150 00
22.50
1,570 00
200 00
3 53
1,153 53
250 00
150 00
400 00
171 00
150 00
321 00
Before 1874
Before 1874
Fort Covington Free Academy
.......
Fort Edward Collegiate Institute (formerly Washington Co. Sem.
and Coll. Inst.)
•
...
Fort Edward Union School, Acad. Dept.
....
231 50
60 00
.....
4 53
27 71
326 74
...
280 00
150 00
126 02
556 02
140 00
do
do
250 00
... .....
7994
469 94
275 00
150 00
425 00
Before
Before
9, 1880
9, 1874
15, 1875
1874
15, 1875
Franklin Academy, Malone.....
Franklin Academy and Union School, Plattsburgh
Friends' Academy (now Oakwood Seminary)...
Friendship Academy.
do
do
do
do
Fulton Union School, Acad Dept.
Genesee and Wyoming Seminary.
Jan.
Jan.
13, 1882
Before 1874
Before 1874
do
Before 1874
do
Valley Seminary
Before 1874
do
Conference Seminary (Pike)
Wesleyan Seminary..........
....
600 00
250 00
250 00
1,100 00
100 00
100 00
•
450 00
138 08
......
•
150 00
738 08
191 40
...
250 00
444 40
150 00
150 00
318 00
318 00
177 72
177 72
80 00
80 00
....
..
.....
1,886 00
1,886
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
521
TABLE — (Continued).
When
granted.
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
Before 1874
Geneva Classical and Union School.
Jan.
9, 1874
do
do
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
Before
1874
Gilbertsville Academy and Coll. Institute.
Jan. 9, 1874
do
do
Before 1874
Glens Falls Academy
Jan.
9, 1874
do
do
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
.....
.....
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
.....
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
Before 1874
Jan. 9, 1880
Jan.
13, 1882
Before 1874
Jan.
9. 1880
Jan. 10, 1879
Jan.
Before
Gloversville Union Seminary.
Union School, Acad. Dept.....
do
do
do
11, 1884
1874
Before 1874
Jan. 9, 1880
do
do
....
Jan. 12, 1877
Jan.
12, 1877
Jun. 11, 1878
do
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Jan. 11, 1884
do
do
Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary.
do
Gowanda Union School, Acad. Dept.
do
....
do
do
Grammar School of Madison University (now Colgate Academy,
which see)........
Greenville Acedemy.
Greene Union School, Acad. Dept.
Greenwich Union School, Acad. Dept.....
Griffith Institute (formerly Springville Academy)..
do
....
do
....
do
do
do
do
Jan.
Before 1874
15, 1875
Groton Academy....
do
and Union School..
Jan. 13, 1881
Jan.
12, 1883
Before 1874
Jan.
9, 1874
Jan. 11, 1874
do
do
do
do
Hamburgh Union School, Acad. Dept.
do
do
do
do
do
do
....
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
$414 25
220 00
67 08
355 00
Total.
Jan.
12, 1883
Before 1884
Jan. 13, 1881
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 12, 1877
Jan. 10, 1879
do
do
Hancock Union School, Acad. Dept.......
Hartwick Seminary.......
Haverling Union School, Acad. Dept......
Holley Union School, Acad. Dept..........
......
do
do
do
do
do
do
Jan.
12, 1878
Holland Patent Union School, Acad. Dept
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
do
......
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
Jan.
9.1880
Homer Union School (see Cortland Academy)...........
Jan.
9, 1874
Hornell Free Academy
.....
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
Jan.
12, 183
Houghton Seminary.
....
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
Before
1874
Hudson Acadamy.
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
Jan. 10, 1879
do
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
Before 1874
July 8, 1879
Jan.
Before 1874
9, 1880
do
Jan.
Jan.
12, 1877
11, 1884
do
do
do
Before 1874
Hungerford Collegiate Institute (now Adams' Coll. Institute)......
do
do
do
do
Huntington Union School, Acad. Dept....
do
Ilion Union School, Acad. Dept...........
Ingham University, Acad. Dept. (formerly Le Roy Female Semi-
nary and Ingham Collegiate Institute).
do
do
Before 1874
Ithaca Academy..........
Jan.
9, 1880
do
High School.………….
Jan.
do
11, 1884
do
Jan.
15, 1875
Ives Seminary (see Antwerp Lib. Lit. Inst.)
Before
Before 1874
1874
Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute
$701 33
50 00
405 00
364 00
100 00
85 00
150 00
43 13
742 13
421 72
150 CO
100 00
671 72
705 00
104 40
809 40
250 00
38 19
♦
288 19
250 00
250 00
182 50
75.00
257 50
201 00
201 00
100 00
250 00
100 00
30 24
480 24
657 00
.8..
103 31
....
760 31
655 00
50 00
50 00
100 00
855 00
105 00
250 00
110 00
465 00
50 00
50 00
262 00
51.00
313 00
250 00
250 00
195 00
60 00
28 00
283 00
100 00
43 35
31 00
75 65
250 00
100 00
100 00
250 00
70 00
320 00
150 00
100 00
250 00
150 00
250 00
100 00
100 00
600 00
1.191 51
117 76
1.309 27
105 00
150 00
255 CO
250 00
53 55
303 55
1,025 00
1,025 00
976 87
200 00
50 00
1,226 87
125 00
500 00
125 00
500 00
Johnstown Academy and Union School, Academic Department...
715.00
Jan..
15, 1875
July
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
8, 1879
13, 1881
do
do
do
do
250 00
...
do
do
250 00
...
do
do
do
65 32
...
13, 1882
do
do
'do
63 50
...
12, 1883
do
do
do
150 00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
...
Before
1874
Jordan Academy
65 00
654 50
125 00
1,558 82
Jan. 15, 1875
do
do
50 00
829 50
Jan.
13, 1881
do
do
• .....
.....
155 00
155 00
Before 1874
Before
1874
Jan.
Before
12, 1883
1874
Jan.
Jan.
Before
13, 1882
12, 1883
do
do
1871
Keeseville Academy..
Kinderhook Academy ..........
do
do
Kingston Academy
400 00
150 00
550 00
660 00
150 00
do
do
50 00
860 00
Lansingburgh Academy
322 00
66
522
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
When
granted.
TABLE—(Continued).
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1884
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
Jan. 12, 18-3
Before 1874
Jan. 13, 1882
Before 1874
11, 1878
Lansingburgh Academy.
Lawrenceville Academy.
Lawrenceville Academy.
Leavenworth Institute..........
do
do
Le Roy Academic Institute
do
do
do
do
do
......
$56 00
$378 00
125 00
27 35
152 35
350 77
100 00
450 77
250 00
100 00
39 49
389-49
Before 1874
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
13, 1881
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
do
Jan.
15, 1875
Jan.
12, 1877
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Liberty Normal Institute...........
Limestone Union School, Acad. Dept.
Lisle Union School, Acad. Dept...
Lockport Union School, Acad. Dept.
•
....
25 00
25 00
100 00
do
do
100 00
100 00
300 00
40 00
do
do
25 00
22 00
87 00
252 62
Jan.
14, 1876
do
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
do
do
250 00
do
66 76
569 38
Before 1874
Lowville Academy.
708 92
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
90 50
799 42
...
.......
Before 1874
Lyons Union School, Acad. Dept....
160 00
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
do
214 70
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
do
18 12
392 82
Before 1874
Jan.
Before 1874
11, 1884
Jan.
13, 1881
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
Macedon Academy...
Madison Union School Acad. Dept..
Manlius Academy.
Union School.........
do
470 00
470 00
....
60 50
60 50
200 75
27 00
67 35
295 10
Before
1874
Marion Collegiate Institute.
712 99
712 99
•
Before
1874
Before
1874
Marshall Seminary of Easton
Massena Union School, Acad. Dept
27 42
27 42
200 00
200 00
Before 1874
Mayville Academy and Union School, Acad. Dept..
551 25
Jan. 10, 1879
Jan.
13, 1852
do
do
do
do
do
do
50 00
do
do
20 66
621 91
Before 1874
Mechanicville Academy.
145 00
Jan. 12, 1883
Before 1874
do
Medina Academy.
do
150 00
295 00
331 05
331 05
Before 1874
Mexico Academy (formerly Rens. Oswego Acad.)
699 05
699 05
....
Before 1874
Middlebury Academy..
351 40
351 40
Before
1874
Montgomery Academy
115 00
115 00
Before 1874
Monticello Academy.
58 63
58 63
.....
Before 1874
Moravia Union School, Acad. Dept........
32700
Jan 9, 1874
do
do
do
100 00
Jan. 15, 1875
do
do
do
106 00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
46 82
579 82
Before 1874
Mount Morris Union School, Acad. Dept.
198 00
Jan.
14, 1876
do
do
do
215 00
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
do
235 00
July 8, 1879
do
do
do
150 00
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
do
10 71
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
90 00
898 71
Before 1874
Munro Collegiate Institute..
680 00
Jan.
Before 1874
13, 1882
do
Naples Academy....
do
103 00
783 00
640 00
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
870
648 70
Before 1874
Newark Union School and Academy.
800 70
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
do
200 00
1,000 70
Before 1874
New Berlin Academy.
131 11
.......
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
25 00
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
......
3 53
159 64
Before 1874
New Paltz Academy.
289 51
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1894
15, 1875
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 13, 1881
do
do
150 00
439 51
do
do
Before 1874
Nunda Literary Institute......
Before 1874
do Academy......
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
12, 1883
Jan.
11, 1884
Before
10, 1879
74א1
Before
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
Olean Academy
Jan.
do
Jan.
11. 1884
do
do
Jan.
Nichols Union School, Acad. Dept....
North Granville Ladies' Seminary
Norwich Academy and Union School.
Oakwood Seminary (formerly Friends' Acad.).
Ogdensburg Free Academy......
Union School, Acad. Dept..
do
Oneonta Union School, Acad. Dept..........
26 00
26 00
671 25
671 25
1,080 00
do
44.00
1,124 00
120 00
400 00
520 00
250 00
250 00
150 00
80.00
230 00
78 00
160 00
.....
44 94
282 94
73 07
73 07
Jan.
Before
13, 1881
1874
9, 1874
Onondaga Academy
do
do
Jan.
Jan.
9, 1880
13, 1882
do
do
(Free).........
do
do
Before
1874
Jan.
14. 1876
do
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
1874
Ovid Academy
do
and Union School........
220 65
... ....
100 00
14 60
......
150 00
485 25
Oswego High School....
125 00
107 16
57 43
80 92
370 51
425 15
200 00
625 15
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUs.
523
When
granted.
g
TABLE (Continued).
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
·
Jan. 11, 1884
Before 1874
Owego Free Academy.......…………….. .....
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
Before
1874
Oxford Academy.
Before 1874
Packer Collegiate Institute..
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1878
11, 1884
Before 1874
Palatine Bridge Union School, Acad. Dept......
do
(lo do
do
Palmyra Classical and Union School ....
Jan. 9, 1874
do
do
do
Jan.
12, 1877
do
do
do
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
do
July
8, 1879
do
do
do
Before 1874
Peekskill Academy
Before 1874
Penn Yan Academy...
do
do
750 00
1,750 00
$720 00
171 86
150 00
$1,041 86
750 00
1,750 00
99 74
50 00
149 74
250 00
250 00
250 00
158 39
91 61
1,000 00
628 00
628 00
250 00
150 00
400 00
Before 1874
Jan. 12, 1877
do
Jan. 9, 1880
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Perry Academy and Union School
Phelps Union and Classical School........
150 00
.....
do
48 00
do
18 12
do
37 00
253 12
42.50
Jan.
10, 1879
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
do
76 75
·
do
150 00
269 25
Jan.
12, 1877
Phoenix Union School, Acad. Dept..
100 00
....
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
do
70 00
Jan.
13, 1881
do
do
do
111 00
•
Jan..
11, 1884
do
do
do
58 26
339 26
Before 1874
Pike Seminary (formerly Genesee Conf. Sem.)
70 11
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
do
do
250 00
Jan.
10, 1879
do
do
do
do
46 91
367 02
Before 1874
Plattsburgh Academy ....
250 00
Jan.
10, 1879
do
High School....
250 00
...
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
17 63
517 63
...
Jan.
11, 1878
Pompey Academy
15 00
15 00
Before 1874
Port Byron Free School and Academy.
507 50
.......
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
do
50 00
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
do
11 58
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
do
40.00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
ão
do
26 74
635 82
Jan.
9, 1874
School)..
Pulaski Academy.
do
do
do
do
Jan.
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 15, 1875
Before 1874
11, 1878
Port Jervis Union School, Acad. Dept (see Deer Park Union
Randolph Academy (now Chamberlain Iust.)....
Red Creek Union Seminary..
Rensselaerville Academy..
250 00
250 00
200, 00
150 00
350 00
300 00
300 00
550 00
....
28.00
578 00
....
65 00
15 00
....
3 53
83 53
Before 1874
Jan.
Before
Jan.
15, 1875
1874
12, 1877
Rensselaer Oswego Academy (now Mexico Acad.).
Rhinebeck Free Academy......
Rochester Free Academy.
500 00
500 00
250 00
250 00
250 00
do
Jan.
9, 1880
do
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
•
do
do
250 00
133 92
116 35
750 27
...
.....
do
15, 1875
Before 1874
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
12, 1877
10, 1879
13, 1882
Jan. 9, 1880
do
Jan
13, 1882
do
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan.
Before 1874
Rogersville Union Seminary.
Rome Academy.
do
Rural Seminary..
Rushford Academy.......
Rushford Union School, Acad. Dept....
Salamanca Union School, Acad. Dept...
Sandy Creek Union School, Acad. Dept....
do
150 00
150 00
525 00
......
250 00
775 00
250 00
250 00
....
355 00
355 00
100 00
.......
do
do
100 00
200 00
150 00
150 00
64 00
do
50 00
114 00
Jan.
14, 1876
Jan.
9, 1874
Sandy Hill Union School, Acad. Dept.......
Saratoga Springs Union School, Acad. Dept.........
220 00
220 00
.....
50 00
Jan.
Jan.
15, 1875
14, 1876
do
do
50 00
do
do
80 00
...
Jan.
Jan.
Before 1874
10, 1879
do
do
24 00
12, 1883
ão
do
22 00
226 00
Sauquoit Academy..
247 94
247 94
Before 1874
Jan. 12, 1877
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
.....
Jan.
12, 1883
Before 1874
Jan.
9, 1874
do
Jan.
12, 1877
do
Before
Jan.
9, 1880
Schenectady Union School, Acad. Dept. (now Schenectady Union
Classical Institute)............
Schenevus Union School, Acad. Dept.
Schoharie Academy.....
Union School, Acad. Dept........
do
do
Seneca Falls Academy.....
1874
Seymour Smith Academy
250 00
100 00
28 19
67 00
45 19
40 00
40 00
404 48
250 00
65 39
719 87
239 50
239 50
90 00
Jan.
Jan.
13, 1881
13, 1882
do
do
do
do
75.00
•
75 00
524
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
When
granted.
TABLE (Continued)
Amounts
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
granted
before and
since 1874.
Total.
Jan.
12, 1883
Seymour Smith Academy.
$25.00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
16 63
$281 63
Jan.
9, 1874
Sherburne Union School, Acad. Dept.....
61 00
Jan.
15, 1875
do
do
125 00
Jan. 14. 1876
do
do
33 50
Jan.
12, 1877
do
do
75 00
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
56 75
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
6 55
Jan.
11, 1883
do
do
23 00
380 80
Jan.
14, 1876
Sherman Union School, Acad. Dept.
100 00
Jan.
12, 1877
do
do
100 00
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
50 00
Jan.
9, 1880
do
do
8 56
258 56
Jan.
13, 1882
Silver Creek Union School, Acad. Dept..
100 00
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
50.00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
100 00
250 00
Jan.
9, 1880
Skaneateles Union School, Acad. Dept.
36 00
Jan.
13, 1881
do
do
250 00
286 00
Jan.
13, 1881
Smithville Union School, Acad. Dept..
100 00
Jan. 13, 1882
do
do
71 16
171 16
Jan.
Before 1874
9, 1874
Sodus Academy..
119 25
do
150 00
269 25
Jan.
14, 1876
Spencer Union School, Acad. Dept..
71 00
Jan.
13. 1881
do
do
75 00
Jan.
12. 1883
do
do
61 00
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
43 00
250 00
Before 1874
Starkey Seminary.
Before 1874
Springville Academy (see Griffith Institute).
Syracuse High School.................
1,150 05
1,150 05
500 00
Jan. 15, 1875
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
9, 1880
Before 1874
9, 1880
13, 1882
do
do
250 00
138 95
888 95
Ten Broeck Free Academy.
750 00
do
do
41 29
do
do
150 00
911 29
....
Before -1874
Troy Academy.
480 60
Jan.
11, 1878
do
60 00
Jan.
12, 1883
do
75 00
615 60
Jan.
14, 1876
Jan.
13, 1882
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
do
do
do
do
Jan.
Jan.
10, 1879
13, 1881
do
do
Before 1874
Jan.
Jan. 13, 1882
12, 1877
do
do
do
do
Jan.
12, 1883
do
do
Before 1874
Walworth Academy.
Jan.
Jan.
12, 1877
10, 1879
do
do
Before
1874
Before 1874
Before 1874
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 9, 1880
Before 1874
Before
1874
Jan.
9, 1880
Before 1874
Jan. 8, 1879
Before 1874
Jan.
12, 1877
Before 1874
Troy High School.........
Trumansburgh Academy
Ulster Free Academy.......
Unadilla Academy...
Union Literary Society of Ellisburgh..
Union Academy of Belleville.
do
Utica Academy.
Vernon Academy.
do Union School, Acad. Dept.
Wallkill Academy...
Walton Union School, Acad. Dept..
Troy Female Seminary.
1,476 41
1,476 41
725 00
725 00
461 00
461 00
250-00
250 00
99 60
....
60 00
55 00
.....
35 40
250 00
500 00
500 00
379 19
do
.....
11 08
390 27
1,181 00
250 00
.....
1,431 00
565 00
......
50 00
615 00
330 00
250 00
215 50
795 50
....
520 50
50 00
50 00
100 00
720 50
545 00
........
60 00
30 00
635 00
Warrensburgh Academy.
Warsaw Union School, Acad. Dept...
44 56
44 56
520 00
.........
....
Jan, 13. 1881
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1878
10, 1879
13, 1881
13, 1882
Jan.
12, 1883
Jan.
11, 1884
Before 1874
Jan.
14, 1876
9
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
do
do
Before 1874
Warwick Institute......
Before 1874
Jan.
15, 1875
do
Jan,
11, 1884
dọ
Before 1874
Before
1874
Waterford Union School, Acad. Dept......………. …………..
Before 1874
Waterloo Union School, Acad. Dept.
Jan.
Jan.
11, 1878
do
do
15, 1875
Waterville Union School, Acad. Dept............
Jan.
12, 1877
do
do
Jan.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
215 49
26 53
762 02
119 50
119 50
Washington Academy………………………………………………
Washington County Seminary and Collegiate Institute (see Fort)
Edward Collegiate Institute).......
626 00
100 00
38 56
764 56
658 17
658 17
100 00
100 00
39 25
75.00
114 25
159 16
98 00
70 00
70 00
...
120 00
22.95
70 00
610 11
...
Watkins Academic Union School....
Waverly Institute and Union School..................
do
40 00
40 00
.....
350 00
119 00
PURCHASE OF BOOKS AND APPARATUS.
525
When
grauted.
TABLE(Continued).
NAME OF ACADEMIES.
Amounts
granted
before and
since 1874.
$95 38
47 50
Total.
Jan.
12, 1877
Waverly Institute and Union School.......
....
Jan.
10, 1879
Jan.
13, 1882
do
do
do
do
38 25
Jan.
12, 1883
Waverly High School.
35 75
$715 88
Jan.
9, 1874
Jan.
15, 1875
do
Jan.
9, 1880
do
Jan.
9, 1880
Jan.
13, 1882
do
Before 1874
Weedsport Union School, Acad. Dept.
Westchester Union School, No. 3, Acad. Dept.........
Westfield Union School, Acad. Dept.....
....
100 00
..
do
....
164 00
do
10 07
274 07
150 00
do
66 70
216 70
Jan.
11, 1884
do
do
1,080 00
48 72
Jan.
12, 1883
Before 1874
Before 1874
July 8, 1879
West Hebron Union School, Acad. Dept.
West Winfield Academy.....
68 75
830 00
1,128 72
68 75
830 00
Whitestown Seminary...
1,279 00
do
250 00
1,529 00
Before 1874
Whitney's Point Union School, Acad. Dept.
85 88
Jan. 14, 1876
Jan.
9, 1880
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 13, 1882
Before 1874
Before 1874
Jan. 15, 1875
Jan. 12, 1877
10, 1879
Yates Academy....
Yates Union School, Acad. Dept...
do
do
75 00
do
do
4 53
165 41
Wilson Union School, Acad. Dept..
771 51
771 51
Windsor Academy....
167 00
do Union School, Acad. Dept.
Woodhull Academy
84 28
251 28
253 79
253 79
520 50
520 50
106 00
do
do
Jan.
do
do
Jan. 9, 1880
do
do
•
Jan.
13, 1881
do
do
Jan. 11, 1884
do
do
• ......
87 00
70 77
15 61
24 25
$250 00
930 00
101 00
427 75
25.00
250 00
250 00
53 18
356 81
$129,149 30
Apportionments to extinct and non-reporting Academies.
Academy of Dutchess County...............
Albany Female Seminary..
Ames Academy……....
Amsterdam Female Seminary.
Angelica Academy..
Astoria Institute......
Auburn Female Seminary
Jefferson County Institute…………………..
•
Jonesville Academy.
$705 00
125 00
Kingsboro' Academy..
448 38
Knoxville Academy
118 00
....
Livingston High School........
355 00
Mendon Academy.......
150 00
Augusta Academy..............
285 00
Avon Acadenly....
151 00
Ball Seminary.
344 00
Batavia Female Academy
94 25
Bethany Academy.
55 00
Black River Lit. and Relig. Inst.
571 00
Brockport Collegiate Inst....
858 95
Oneida Seminary.......
Melville Academy...
Monroe Academy....
Mt. Pleasant Academy.......
Nassau Academy.
New York Conf. Sem..
North Salem Academy.
Ogdensburg Academy.
250 00
.......
181 00
•
930 00
.....
......
87 50
611 00
67 00
•
Brooklyn Female Academy.
....
1,000 00
Oneida Institute..
Buffalo Lit. and Sci. Acad……....
100 00
Ontario Female Seminary
....
Champlain Academy ........… …………………………….
297 00
Parma Institute……….
Cherry Valley Academy.
565 00
Phipps Union Seminary.
Clarkson Academy.
330 00
Clermont Academy....
51 00
Clinton Academy .....
36 00
Clinton Seminary.
Clover Street Seminary.
Cortlandville Academy
De Lancey Institute......
Dundee Academy..
East Bloomfield Acad……...
Erasmus Hall………………………..
Essex County Academy.
Farmers' Hall....
......
Fayetteville Academy.
Fonda Academy..
Fredonia Academy.
Fulton Female Seminary
168 41
Red Hook Academy
275 00
574 12
150 00
38 00
825 00
500 GO
375 00
66 18
400 00
750 (0
195.00
50 00
500 00
D
•
250 00
115 00
125 00
303 50
St. Lawrence Academy.
543 CO
165 00
...
Sand Lake Academy.
175 00
......
1,084 00
165 00
Schenectady Lyceum and Acad...
Schuylerville Academy..
142 00
197 16
Gaines Academy.....
236 00
Seward Female Seminary
100 00
• ··
Galway Academy.
250 00
Spencertown Academy.
256 30
Geneseo Academy.
220 00
.....
Stillwater Seminary
826 00
....
•
Genoa Academy
160 00
**
Gouverneur High School.
100 00
Greenbush and Schodack Acad......
165 00
Half Moon Academy.....………………………………
40 00
Hamilton Academy............
686 50
Susquehanna Seminary
Syracuse Academy…………..
Union Village Academy.
Utica Female Academy.
Waterford Academy
•
200 CO
456 00
• •
[
....
237 25
150 00
100 00
Hamilton Female Seminary
250 00
Waterloo Academy
250 00
.....
Herkimer Academy…………..
150 00
Whitehall Academy
179 00
Hobart Hall Institute....
215 00
....
Whitesboro' Academy.
100 00
Hubbardsville Academy
100 00
•
Jamestown Academy............
250 00
Total to extinct Academies....
$29,210 45
500 00
Poughkeepsie Fem. Acad........
Princeton Academy..
Prospect Academy..
Rensselaer Institute.
...
•
Rhinebeck Aademy.
Richburgh Academy.
Riga Academy.
Rochester Collegiate Inst.
Rochester High School..
Rutgers Female Institute..
Sag Harbor Institute..
375 00
.....
263 71
250 00
987 00
200 00
518 00
758 49
250 00
250 00
•
50 00
•
Jefferson Academy.......………………………………..
From the above deduct $750.46, returned
1855, $17: Brookfield, 1856, $175; Geneva W.
Oneida Seminary, $52.46, and Pompey, $15.
or not drawn, viz.: Riga returned, 1854, $200; North Salem,
S., 1863, $16'; Medina, 1863. $25; Cherry Valley, 1864, $250);
Total actually drawn and applied, $157,609.29.
526
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Aggregate Number of Volumes reported in Academic Libraries.
YEARS.
Number of
academies
reporting
Libraries.
Number
of volumes
reported.
Increase
over report
of previous
year.
YEARS.
Number of
academies
reporting
Libraries.
Number
of volumes]
reported.
Increase
over report
of previous
year.
1835......
1836.
1837..
31
•
222
28
9,947
27
10,324
337,
1860.
1861.......
191
.....
115, 402
15,462
198
129, 275
13,873
13,968
3,644
1838....
1839...
1840....
1841..
1862.........
200
137,120
7,845
D
1863........
204
145,310
8,190
1864..
194
143,727
*1,583
1365....
198
156, 748
13,021
126
.....
1842...
1843...
1844..
1845.
1846
1847...
43, 489
139
49,095
5,606
1866...,...
197
144,559
*1,689
1867.
190
132, 101
12,458
147
53,526
4,431
1868.
194
132,722
621
144
•
54,519
993
1869...
135,431
2,709
151
59,566
5,047
1870..
...
D
153
61, 302
1,736
1871..
197
·
142,999
153
63,365
2,063
1872..
195
147,490
4,491
1848..
1849.
1850..
1851...
1852.
154
65,424
2,059 1873..
200
137,681
*9,807
....
157
67,248
1,824
1874...
216
163, 669
25,988
163
•
72,568
5,320
1875.
217
170,256
6,587
165
74,576
2,008
1876.........
223
175,933
4,677
168
85,504
10,928
1877...
222
183, 348
7,415
1853....
1854.
165
86,724
1,220
1878....
223
187,011
3,663
173
91,296
4,572
1879....
235
196,600
9,589
1855....
1856....
1857.....
1858....
1859
162
•
93, 211
1,915
1880..
.....
232
200, 773
4,173
173
84,983
*8,228
1881.........
236
207,093
6,320
181
100, 296
15,313
1882.
250
•
211,844
4,751
177
93,959
*6,337
1883..
247
...
217,918
6,074
183
99,940
5,981
*Decrease.
CHAPTER XXVI.
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE ACADEMIES OF
NEW YORK.
[By ALBERT B. WATKINS, Assistant Secretary of the Regents.]
The idea of a special education and training for teachers had taken
root in Germany in the sixteenth century, and not long afterward
had borne fruit in schools established for this purpose. The history
of these teachers' seminaries, as they were called, was undoubtedly
known to the men whose duty it was to lay the foundations of our
educational system, for in his annual message to the Legislature in
1826, Gov. De Witt Clinton recommends the establishment of "a
seminary for the education of teachers in those useful branches of
knowledge which are proper to engraft on elementary attainments.” 1
¹ The importance of providing means for the preparation of Common School
teachers' was a favorite theme with Governor De Witt Clinton. In his message
of 1819, he said:
"The most durable impressions are derived from the first stages of education ;
ignorant and vicious preceptors, and injudicious and ill-arranged systems of educa-
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
527
In the report of the Literature Committee of the Senate, to which
this portion of the message had been referred, prepared by John C.
Spencer, is found the following: "But in the view which the committee
have taken, our great reliance for nurseries of teachers must be
placed in our Colleges and Academies. In connection with these
the committee admit that the establishment of a separate institution
for the sole purpose of preparing teachers would be a most valuable
auxiliary." The committee, however, did not recommend the adop-
tion of the latter suggestion at that time, as other measures of a
more pressing nature would involve as much expense as ought to be
incurred, and evidently at this time the sentiment was common that
the Academies were the proper instrumentalities through which
suitable teachers should be provided.
In 1821, in their annual report to the Legislature, the Board of
Regents in speaking of the Academies, had said that "it is to
these seminaries that we must look for a supply of teachers for the
common schools;" and in their annual report in 1823 they say that
the distribution of the funds under their direction to the Acad-
emies subject to their visitation "ensures a supply of competent
teachers for the common schools." No legislative action had yet
been taken toward giving aid and encouragement to this essential
department of education, although the attention of the executive
and legislative departments of the State had been turned in this
direction, and the question difficult of solution then as now, as to
how an adequate supply of competent teachers for the common
schools could be secured, perplexed the minds of the pro.ninent
educational men of the State, and not infrequently formed the
subject of discussion in the educational committees of Senate and
Assembly. In 1827 a bill was reported from the literature com-
mittee of the Senate, and April 13 of that year became a law, en-
titled "An act to provide permanent funds for the annual appro-
priation to Common Schools, to increase the Literature Fund, and to
tion must have a most pernicious influence upon the habits, manners, morals and
minds of our youth, and vitiate their conduct through life."
In 1820 he used the tollowing language :
"The education of youth is an important trust, and an honorable vocation, but
it is often committed to unskillful hands. Liberal encouragement ought to be
dispensed for increasing the number of competent teachers.
""
In 1825 he again urged this subject as one of first importance to the State.
Various authorities upon the history of Normal School Education of earlier
date are cited in the " Report on Education in Europe," by A. D. BACHE, chap.
pp. 323-361.
ix,
F. B. H.
528
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
* *
1
promote the education of teachers." Although the title of the
act leads us to expect in the act itself some specific aid to be provided
for the education of teachers, no further mention of this subject is
made, but the increase in the Literature Fund provided for by this
law, and the change made in the basis upon which this fund was to
be distributed in requiring scholarship in higher branches of educa-
tion than before, it was evidently thought, would act directly in
promoting the education of teachers. The report of the legislative
committee, which accompanied the bill, expressly states that their
object in thus increasing the fund is "to promote the education of
young men in those studies which will prepare them for the business
of instruction which it is hoped may be accomplished to some extent
by offering inducements to the trustees of Academies to educate
pupils of that description. *
Competent teachers of Com-
mon Schools must be provided; the Academies of the State furnish
the means of making that provision." In view of the fact that the
Academies were called upon to furnish, and were furnishing at this
time, a large number and probably the great majority of teachers
for the Common Schools, and considering also the advance in
standard of scholarship required of the Academies by the law of 1827,
the Regents, in 1828, say: "The Academies have become, in the
opinion of the Regents, what it has always been desirable they should
be, fit Seminaries for imparting instruction in the higher branches
of English education, and especially for qualifying teachers of Com-
mon Schools." And the same year the Superintendent of Common
Schools (Hon. Azariah C. Flagg, Secretary of State), said: "If the
required information to fit a person for teaching can be obtained in
the Academies, sound policy and good economy are in favor of rely-
ing upon them for the training of teachers." The annual report
of the Superintendent to the Legislature of 1831 reviews the
various plans proposed, and recommends the Academies located in
different parts of the State as the proper agencies to be employed in
this important work.
Public sentiment as well as official opinion was silently exerting
its influence in favor of action which should recognize under due
form and sanction of law the organized instruction of teachers in
those things which pertain exclusively to their calling, and the actual
work which the Academies were doing, as shown by their official
reports to the Board of Regents, enforced in a practical manner
1 Chap. 228, Laws of 1827.
•
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
529
("
which could not be gainsaid the necessity for recognition of this
work by the State. Thus we find in the returns of Academies to the
Board in 1831, Canandaigua and St. Lawrence Academies report
the "Principles of Teaching" among the studies pursued by classes,
and St. Lawrence Academy, with evident and justifiable pride, reports
'more than eighty district school teachers furnished by this Academy
during the year." In the reports of 1832, we find that Lowville
and Oxford Academies are added to the number of those instructing
classes in the" Principles of Teaching;" the report of that year froin
Canandaigua also stating that fifty teachers had been furnished by
that institution during the last two years; and that from Lowville
stating that it had furnished twenty teachers during the last year;
while the report of 1834 shows that the Rochester High School had
added itself to the small but steadily increasing number of schools
who were the pioneers of pedagogical work in this country.
The Board of Regents, in their annual reports to the Legislature,
had, from time to time, as we have seen, referred to the Academies
as the natural agency for the supply of qualified teachers for the
common schools, but the reports made to the Board by the Academies
above mentioned indicate that the preparation of teachers was fast
becoming a distinctive work and would very soon probably demand
special facilities for its accomplishment. In the annual report of the
Board for 1832 this subject is ably presented, and its view of the
field is so broad that it is deemed proper to quote in full what is said
in regard to this matter. After referring to the very satisfactory con-
dition of the Common Schools as shown by the annual report of the
State Superintendent, and observing that the school system was "as
near perfection, perhaps, with a single exception, as it can be." the
report proceeds as follows:
66
'But there is one topic (the exception above adverted to) connec-
ted both with our Common Schools and Academies, which the
Regents deem it proper to present to the Legislature; and it was
with a view to introduce and give force to the remarks, which they
consider due to the occasion, that they referred to the condition of the
former. However complete in other respects the system may be, it
is manifest that a sufficient supply of competent teachers is indis-
pensable to its efficacy. The truth of this position is too obvious to
be disputed; but there has been a contrariety of opinion with regard
to the best mode of providing them. With some it has been a
favorite theory to provide further education at the public expense
by the institution of a State Seminary with branches in the several
senatorial districts. This plan does not differ materially from that
67
530
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
which has been adopted in some European countries. In Prussia
there is in each province one or more seminaries, supported at the
expense of the government, for the preparation of teachers. But
there is this essential difference between the elementary schools in
that kingdom and in this State. There they are under the absolute
control and direction of the government. No one is allowed to act
as an instructor without written permission from examiners appointed
under the authority of the government; and although the expenses
of the schools, between twenty and thirty thousand in number, are
paid by the inhabitants of the several parishes, parents who neglect
to send their children to school are liable to be fined for their omis-
sion to comply with the requirements of the law. In a word, the
whole plan is compulsory; presenting the anomaly of a government,
founded upon arbitrary power, compelling its subjects to cherish a
system, which is at war in principle with the very elements of its
own preservation. Although it might seen much more proper with
a political organization like ours, the best security of which is a dif-
fused intelligence, to compel parents to educate their children; yet
our rule is, in all things not manifestly essential to the operations of
government to persuade rather than coerce. Our Common Schools,
though assisted by the State, are maintained by voluntary contribu-
tion of the inhabitants of the respective districts; and those who are
most interested have the selection of teachers. Public opinion in
this country would hardly endure a system like that which exists in
Prussia. If the State were to establish seminaries for the prepara-
tion of teachers, it would be no certainty that the school districts
would give them employment, and they could not be forced upon
the districts against their wishes. Many individuals would unques-
tionably be tempted, after receiving their education as teachers, to
abandon that calling for the higher rewards of others, and thus the
munificence of the public would be expended for individual benefit.
It was, therefore, conceived (as the Regents think, wisely) that the
Academies should become the nurseries of instructors for Common
Schools, leaving it to the interest of individuals to prepare themselves
for the business of teaching, to the interest of the Academies to pro-
vide the means of their preparation, and to the liberality of the school
districts, to offer snfficient wages to secure their services.
"The act of 13th April, 1827, increasing the literature fund vir-
tually adopts the latter plan, by declaring that one of the objects
of that increase was "to promote the education of teachers."
"The Regents had the honor to say in a former report to the Legis-
lature, that they should cheerfully co-operate in promoting the speedy
accomplishment of that object. They have now the satisfaction to
present a fact, which they consider of immense importance as an evi-
dence that the views adopted by the Legislature, although dissented
from at that time by many intelligent individuals, were founded in
wisdom. By a reference to the abstract it will appear, that St. Law-
rence Academy at Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, in the fourth
senatorial district, has sent out during the last year eighty teachers
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
531
of Common Schcols, and that a part of the course of study consists
of lectures upon the principles of teaching. The superiority which
the St. Lawrence Academy has acquired in this respect is to be
ascribed altogether to the new branch of instruction introduced
into it. There is at least an average of more than one academy to
each senatorial district equally capable of accomplishing the same.
result by adopting the saine measures. The Canandaigua Academy
has introduced a similar course of instruction, but with what success
does not appear by the report. There is no doubt that a thousand
instructors might readily be prepared annually for the Common
Schools, a number exceeding by nearly two hundred the average
number supplied by the seminaries of Prussia. It only remains for
the school districts to furnish the inducement by offering wages
which shall be equal to the average profits of other occupations.
The advantages of a regular system of instruction in the principles
of teaching need no illustration. Experience is constantly suggesting
improved methods for the communication of knowledge, and for the
discipline of youthful minds; and works have recently been published
embodying the results of observation and practice. With the aid of
these and with such a course of instruction as has been adopted at
the St. Lawrence Academy, teachers attain, in a very short time, to
qualifications which would otherwise be the fruit of long and pain-
ful experience, equally embarrassing to themselves, and fatal to, the
progress of their pupils. The Regents are decidedly of opinion that
the Academies are the proper instruments for accomplishing the
great object of supplying the Common Schools with teachers. These
institutions have already the advantage of convenient edifices, in
some cases of large permanent funds, valuable libraries, and philo-
sophical apparatus, amounting in all to an investment of about half a
million of dollars. By engrafting upon the course of studies a depart-
ment of instruction in the principles of teaching, the respectability
and capacities of institutions will be increased, and those who are
qualifying themselves for the business of instruction may enjoy the
benefit of all the other branches, which enter into the ordinary aca-
demic course. In every point of view it is conceived that this is the
most advisable method of preparing instructors. Under this impres-
sion, the Regents take the liberty of remarking, that in case the con-
dition of the public finances shall at a future day admit of an addi-
tional appropriation to the object of promoting the education of
teachers, the end may be much more advantageously attained by
connecting it with the academies, than by creating a separate estab-
lishment for the purpose. When these institutions shall send forth
a regular supply of well qualified instructors, an object which they
hope to see accomplished by a union of the same munificent policy,
which has heretofore guided the councils of the State, with the liberal
spirit which has animated the people, our system of elementary in-
struction will be complete; and in this department the government
will by contributing to close up the sources of ignorance and vice,
have done all that properly falls to its province to give strength and
duration to our civil liberties."
532
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The work which the Academies were doing at this time in preparing
teachers for the schools is shown by the following extracts from the
reports made by the Academies to the Regents for the academic year
1883-4. The Cambridge Washington Academy, in speaking of the
extent and importance of elementary studies and the attention paid
to them at this school, says:
"This practice has arisen, not only from the manifest importance
of the subject, but likewise from the circumstance that so large a
portion of our students are young men preparing themselves for
teachers. Of the students that have attended the Academy during
the past year, eighteen are now, or have been during the year, em-
ployed as teachers in district schools."
St. Lawrence Academy says:
“We have sent out upwards of sixty teachers, and yet we have
not been able to meet near all the calls. Upwards of one hundred
might have found employment at good wages in answering the calls
actually made for teachers."
Lowville Academy reports:
"Ten teachers of common schools have been instructed in this
Academy during the year."
The Gouverneur High School says:
"The greater part of our older students, who have left the Acad-
emy, either temporarily or finally, have engaged as teachers of com-
mon schools, of which this institution has, within the last year,
furnished not less than forty-one, most of whom are well qualified
and are highly useful in that station."
Hamilton Academy reports:
"Between forty and fifty of the scholars, who have been instructed
in this institution since the last report, have since engaged in teach-
ing either select or common schools."
The Cortland Academy reports quite fully:
"The trustees, during the past season, have made an effort to in-
struct teachers of common schools on a plan different from what
they have heretofore been accustomed to. A class was formed at
the commencement of the last term, and instructed with special
reference to preparing them for teaching common schools. The
principal objects proposed in the course of instruction adapted were
to make them thoroughly acquainted with the branches usually
taught in those schools, and with the best modes of instruction and
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
533
discipline. The result has fully answered our expectations, and
twenty-four young men from our institution are now engaged in
teaching. Those who were best qualified have secured good wages;
and we consider the point now fully established, that if the public
can be furnished with good teachers they will employ them at a com-
pensation which will be a fair equivalent for their labor. We greatly
need the means of doing much more in this department than we
have yet been able to do. We feel that the importance of the
object presents a strong claim on the munificence of the State.
Many of the young men who formed the class attended a course of
experimental lectures on chemistry, and were sufficiently acquainted
with this and other departments of natural science to teach them
successfully. We have no doubt that a class of fifty could be formed
the next season if we had the means of employing an extra teacher
for this department, and with the very best effect on the interests of
common school education. We ought to be able to make the tuition
of the class gratuitous, or to place it at a very low rate, because the
young men who engage in teaching are generally poor and depend
entirely on their own exertions for support. Any money which the
Regents may appropriate to this institution for this purpose will be
faithfully applied.'
""
The Oxford Academy also reports at some length and heads this
part of its report "Teacher's Department." It says:
"A department for the instruction of teachers has been continued
for two and a half months of the year, during which time an addi-
tional teacher was employed for the purpose of affording to those
young men who were about to enter upon the business of teaching
for the ensuing winter, advantages for instruction which they could
not have when classed with the rest of the school. Instruction
was given in all the branches required to be taught in Common
Schools, and also history, Constitution of the United States and of
New York, algebra, geometry and surveying, to those who could
find leisure to pursue them. A course of lectures on school keeping,
and practical illustrations of the duties of teachers, was given during
the continuance of the department. It is not believed that two and
a half months is a sufficient time to prepare young men properly for
the discharge of their duties as teachers, but it is as long and even
a longer time than the department has been able to sustain itself.
The effect of these instructions to teachers has been to produce
a greater uniformity in the manner of conducting schools,, and it
is presumed also an improvement in their condition. It may be
remarked that all the teachers in the Academy found a very ready
employment, and at a compensation, on an average, of $2 or $3
per month in advance of those who had not been instructed for
the business of teaching. The wages of the teachers obtained at
the Academy, varied from $12 to $25 per month. The number
of teachers instructed at the Academy during the year was thirty-
seven.'
22
534
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The Yates County Academy says:
"During the past year, from twenty to thirty individuals have
been qualified (in the opinion of the teachers) and sent out from the
Academy to become teachers of Common Schools."
The Fredonia Academy, reports:
66
'A class was first organized in this Academy in 1832, to study.
the principles of teaching, and again in 1833. In these two years
probably about thirty school teachers have received here the benefits
to be derived from a systematic course of lectures and recitations
upon this subject."
The Rochester High School reports:
"Great efforts have been made by the principal to qualify young
ladies and gentlemen, by a competent course of study, to become
teachers in Common Schools. There are about twenty-five young
ladies from this institution now engaged in Common Schools and
the higher departments, and about the same number of males. The
principal, in the August vacation, visited the villages in this and the
neighboring counties, to interest the public and teachers of Common
Schools in deriving aid from the instruction, lectures and examples
intended for a class of teachers. Many of that class are now con-
ducting large schools, and no one remained the time required to be
entitled to a place in this report, and no compensation from tuition
equalled the expense. Still the success evinces the safety of relying
on Academies to qualify teachers for Common Schools. Of the
young men educated during the preceding and this year, forty have
been or are teaching, and many in valuable select schools, making
in all seventy males and females employed as teachers."
The report from Canandaigua Academy, which among the schools
of that day is still active and flourishing, was the first to form
classes for the special instruction of teachers, is more full and com-
plete than any of the others, and is as follows:
"About four years since a teachers' department was organized on
the following plan: 1st. That those young gentlemen who entered
this school to prepare themselves for teachers should enter the
classes pursuing those branches in which they wished, or it was
deemed necessary to perfect themselves. In these classes the in-
struction is to be very extended and minute. 2d. The teachers.
to be organized into a class and receive a specific course of instruc-
tion on the following plan: To meet five evenings each week, and
spend two or three hours together. On three evenings of each
week, Hall's Lectures on School-keeping are recited till the book is
finished and thoroughly reviewed. The lessons are short, and the
time is filled up by the instructor in further illustration of the sub-
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
535
ject, and by prompting inquiry and examination in the class. The
remaining evening of the week is devoted to the consideration of a
series of subjects; one being discussed each evening. Each mem-
ber of the class brings in a written subject. So many of these are
read as the time will allow. The important hints thrown out by the
inembers are particularly stated by the instructor, enlarged upon and
illustrated. Mutual conversation is called forth. This evening ex-
ercise is attended with great interest and profit both to the instruc-
tor and to the class. The subjects discussed on these evenings are
nearly the following, and in the order mentioned :
1. The defects in common schools.
2. The circumstances which restrain and discourage the efforts of
the teacher.
3. The best modes of teaching the alphabet, reading and spelling.
4. The best mode of teaching arithmetic, and the best books.
5. The best mode of teaching geography.
6. The best mode of teaching English grammar.
7. The best mode of teaching writing and making of pens.
8. Pestalozzi and his mode of instruction.
9. Government of schools.
10. Best method of arresting the attention of pupils. Substitu-
tion of signs, etc., for the ordinary questions in schools.
11. How to teach composition.
12. What plans can the teacher adopt to render his labors more
extensively useful to his pupils? This inquiry is intended to em-
brace the formation of school lyceums, school libraries, the circula-
tion of periodicals relating to education, etc.
13. Construction of school-houses.
This course of instruction is designed to continue one-quarter of
each year. Hereafter a teachers' class will be organized both in
the summer and winter terms. It is not supposed that a course of
instruction is all that is needed; by no means. The course, how-
ever, is such as to give to young men a more elevated, enlarged and
accurate view of what a teacher should accomplish; prompt thought
on the subject of communicating instruction leads to the invention
of new methods of teaching and commanding the attention of pupils,
and becomes in some degree a substitute for a long and painful ex-
perience. It is due to the teachers of this school to say, that this
course has been sustained by them at a great sacrifice of time and
labor, without any reward except the hope of doing good. The
number of teachers who have been through a regular course in the
teachers' department during the last four years is about sixty.”
We thus find from this Annual Report of the Board of Regents,
that the Academies under their visitation were keenly alive to the
importance of the preparation of teachers for the common schools
and were actively employing all the means at their command to do
536
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.,
this work. In advance of and greatly in need of aid from the State,
in advance of Legislative enactment or official recognition, these Acad-
emies were slowly and under great difficulties, but courageously
and persistently taking the first steps in the solution of a problem
which still occupies the ablest minds in the educational ranks.
To these schools and to the men who had them in charge belong
the honor and the credit of organizing the first classes in this
country for the professional training of teachers. It is greatly to
the credit of the State, also, that in its public policy, by successive
and timely legislation, it has nourished and fostered the seed thus
sown, until by its system of normal schools, teachers' classes and
teachers' institutes, in the facilities offered to its teachers for technical
instruction in their chosen calling as in many other particulars, it is
indeed the Empire State. Although the need of qualified teachers
for the Common Schools had been keenly felt by those who were
most deeply interested in the success of those schools, and although
the attention of the Legislature had from time to time been called
to this need by the Regents of the University and by the Superin-
tendents of Common Schools in their annual reports, no legislative
action had yet been taken authorizing the organization of a system.
of instruction and appropriating the necessary funds to carry out
the plan which might be formed. It was reserved for the Legislature
of 1834 to enact the first law in this country recognizing the need
of public aid for the education of teachers for the Common Schools
and making provision therefor.
The act was passed May 2, 1834, and is as follows:
SECTION 1. The revenue of the literature fund now in the treasury,
and the excess of the annual revenue of said fund hereafter to be
paid into the treasury, or portions thereof, may be distributed by
the Regents of the University, if they shall deem it expedient, to
the Academies subject to their visitation, or a portion of them, to
be expended as hereinafter mentioned.
§ 2. The Trustees of Academies, to which any distribution of
money shall be made by virtue of this act, shall cause the same to
be expended in educating teachers of common schools, in such man-
ner and under such regulations as said Regents shall prescribe." 1
At a special meeting of the Board of Regents, held May 22, 1834,
only twenty days after the passage of the act, a certified copy of the
above act was presented to the Board, and read, and it was thereupon
1 Chap. 241, Laws of 1834.
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
537
Ordered, That it be referred to Messrs. Dix, Buel and Graham to
prepare and report to the Regents at some future meeting a plan for
carrying into practical operation the provisions of the said act."
At the annual meeting of the Board, held January 8, 1835, the
committee, through Regent John A. Dix, its chairman, presented
their report outlining "a plan for the better education of teachers of
common schools."
The report is too elaborate to be quoted here in full, as it occupies
twenty-eight printed pages of an octavo volume, but the ability
shown in devising a plan which covered ground as yet unoccupied,
with little light to guide and with no experience to aid, together
with the fact that this is the very first outline of a scheme devised
for providing a suitable course of instruction for the special prepa-
ration of teachers of the common schools in a free government de-
mands that a summary of the report be here given.
The importance of the subject is first mentioned and the fact that
it will depend much on the measures adopted by the Regents
whether the defect in the public schools, the want of competent
teachers, shall be remedied, or whether it shall continue to embar-
rass the efforts of the Legislature and of individuals to carry out the
system of popular instruction to the great results which it is capable
of producing. Some account is given of the relations of seminaries
for the education of teachers in France to the system of primary
instruction there; and a brief outline of the system of public in-
struction in Prussia, with the standing of the teacher, is given,
showing that the vocation of the instructor there is a public office as
well as a profession; that he is educated at the expense of the State,
his qualifications are determined by a board deriving its authority from
the government, his salary cannot be less than a certain sum, and
when, through age or infirmity, he becomes incapable of discharging
his duties, he is allowed to retire with a pension for his support.
Allusion is made to the difference in circumstances between a system
of education which is carried into complete execution by a govern-
ment having the entire control of the system, and a system which
is subjected to the control of persons on whose contributions the
schools depend for their support. The delay in making provision
for the education of teachers is explained by stating that common
school instruction in this State existed a long time upon the founda-
tion of voluntary private contribution before it was recognized and
reduced to a system by public law. That the result was to put in
68
538
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
requisition the services of a large number of persons, who by long
practice had become familiar with the business of teaching; and that
it was doubtless to be ascribed in no inconsiderable degree to this
circumstance that the necessity of making some provision for the
education of teachers was not felt at the time the common school
system was established. Reference is made to the fact that the
question of creating separate seminaries for the education of teachers
had been repeatedly before the Legislature, but after full examina-
tion, it had been deemed more advantageous to engraft upon the ex-
isting Academics departments of instruction for the purpose. The
provisions of the act of May 2, 1834, are mentioned and attention
called to the fact that this is the first instance, in which the contri-
butions of the State to this great object have been accompanied with
such a delegation of authority as is necessary to insure its execution,
and the responsibility thus placed upon the Regents in making such
a plan as to secure the highest efficiency in the departments to be
created. The sum in the treasury applicable to the object is stated
to be $10,040.76; and the annual excess of the revenue of the Leg-
islature Fund, after distributing $12,000 to the academies, as re-
quired by the act of April 22d, 1834, would amount to about
$3,500. The sum first mentioned could be used at once in the
establishment of departinents of instruction for common school
teachers in the existing Academies, but it would be too small
to admit of a general distribution among them; and if it
were adequate to the establishment of a department in each, the an-
nual surplus of revenne applicable to the support of these depart-
ments would be too small when divided among so great a number
to be of any practical utility. The desired end must be attained
by selecting a limited number of Academies, but the public conven-
ience would demand that one should be within reach of every county
in the State. The least number which could be selected consistently
with general convenience would probably be eight, or one in each
Senate district, and the committee therefore recommended that one
Academy in each Senate district be selected for the purpose in view,
and that the selection be made from those which from their endow-
ments and literary character are most capable of accomplishing it.
The following topics are then taken up and discussed in the order
given:
I. On what principle shall the funds applicable to the establishment
or organization of the departments be apportioned to the Academies
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
539
which may be selected for the purpose? It was thought that the de-
partments should all be placed in their organization on the same
footing; they should have the same apparatus and be provided in
all respects with equal facilities for commencing the contemplated
course of instruction. It was thought that but $4,000 out of the
$10,040.76 in the treasury, or an average amount of $500, should be
applied to the establishment of departments, considering that this
amount would be adequate to the object; the surplus of $6,000 could
be left for future uses.
II. On what principle and to what extent shall the annual excess
of the revenue of the Literature Fund applicable to the support of
the departments be apportioned to the Academies in which they may
be established? The committee consider that there should be appor-
tioned annually to each Academy in which such a department is estab-
lished, in addition to the amount to which these academies will be
entitled under the general annual apportionment, a sum as nearly
adequate as possible to the support of a competent instructor. This
would give to each $400 annually, which it was considered each should
receive without reference to the number of pupils in training. This
rule, however, could be modified if at any time circumstances should
seem to make it expedient, and an additional sum might at some time
be apportioned to these Academies in proportion to the number of
pupils in training for Common School teachers and to the aggregate
length of time during which they shall have been trained according
to the prescribed plan.
III. What shall be the organization of the departments?
1. As to the course (or subjects) of study. Evidently the course
of study should include all subjects which it is deemed indispensable
for a first rate teacher of Common Schools to know. No person
should be admitted to the teachers' department until he shall have
passed such an examination as is required by the Regents to entitle
him to be considered a scholar in the higher branches of English edu-
cation. The subjects of study then should be:
1. The English Language.
2. Writing and Drawing.
3. Arithmetic, Mental and Written, and Book-keeping.
4. Geography and General History, continued.
5. The History of the United States.
6. Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration and Surveying.
7. Natural Philosophy and the Elements of Astronomy.
8. Chemistry and Mineralogy.
540
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
9. The Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of
the State of New York.
10. Select parts of the Revised Statutes and the duties of Public
Officers.
11. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy.
12. The Principles of Teaching.
Other subjects were not to be excluded if any Academy should
think proper to introduce them, but no others should be required in
order to entitle the pupils to the prescribed evidence of qualification.
The committee proceed to make extended suggestions in relation
to the several subjects of study enumerated and mention under each
certain particulars which they deem most worthy of attention. They
recommend that the teacher be made familiar with the best methods
of teaching the alphabet and the steps by which the children can be
conducted with the greatest facility through the first lessons which
they receive. In teaching spelling, that black boards and slates be used,
so that the eye, as well as the ear may be made instrumental to the
correction of errors; that each member of the class be made to
practice writing from the beginning of the course so that he may be
able to write a good hand before he leaves the institution. In teach-
ing arithmetic, in order to facilitate a clear perception of abstract
numbers and quantities, visible illustrations should be liberally em-
ployed, and that to all arithmetical exercises a practical direction be
given, as far as possible, by selecting as subjects for practice those
familiar operations of business with which the pupils must be con-
versant in after life, but the study is to be so conducted as also to
secure all the benefits which it is capable of producing as an instru-
ment for mental discipline. Under principles of teaching, instruc-
tion is to be thorough and copious, not confined to the art of teach-
ing or the most successful methods of communicating knowledge,
but embracing also those rules of moral government which are as
necessary for the regulation of the conduct of the teacher as
for the formation of the character of those who are committed to his
care. "Hall's Lectures on School-keeping" is recommended as a
text-book, and "Abbott's Teacher," "Taylor's District School," and
the "Annals of Education," to be used as reading books. The pu-
pils are to be practiced in conducting some part of the recitations, to
prepare proper questions on the particular subject of study, and to
illustrate it by explanations for the purpose of improving their col-
loquial powers, and thus giving them a facility for explaining what-
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
541
ever they may be required to teach in the future office of instructor.
As the possession of knowledge does not necessarily carry with it
the faculty of communicating learning to others, the best methods
of imparting knowledge are to be made a subject of instruction to
those who are preparing themselves for the business of teaching.
They are to know how to command the attention of their pupils, to
communicate the results of their own researches and experience in
the manner best calculated to make a lasting impression on the mind,
to lead their pupils into the habit of examining for themselves in-
stead of being directed at every step of their progress by their in-
structor, and thus to observe, investigate and classify objects, to
combine the fruits of their observation, and draw conclusions from
the facts which they have obtained. At every step the mind is to
be taught to rely on the exercise of its own powers. The result of
common school education in most cases is to burden the memory
with facts and rules, of which the proper application is but imper-
fectly comprehended. Hence pupils are to be made to think for
themselves instead of treasuring up merely the results of other men's
thoughts. To almost every species of instruction the inductive
method may be applied to great advantage. Nature herself seems
to teach that the observation of facts should precede inductions and
that general principles can only be deduced from particular facts.
An intelligent instructor will know how to apply the rule and con-
vert it to the most useful purposes.
2. As to the duration of the course. The committee consider that
this must be regulated by the number and extent of the subjects of
study. In the Prussian seminaries in which the requirements for
teachers of the first grade are about equal in importance to those
which the committee propose for the departments in question, the
term of study is three years; and they are of opinion that a shorter
period would not be sufficient for a strict compliance with the con-
templated course. In order to permit members of the class to teach a
winter school of three months by which means many of them may
earn something to enable them to complete their course of instruc-
tion, and at the same time improve themselves by making a practical
application of the knowledge which they will have gained during
the rest of the year, it is suggested that it may be necessary to have
only two terms each year of four months each.
3. As to the necessary books and apparatus. The committee are
of the opinion that each Academy should be furnished with a library
well stored with the best authors on the prescribed subjects of study,
542
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Mechanical powers..
but think it practicable for a time at least to leave the selection of
books to the Academies. A list of apparatus, however, with prices,
is given, which the committee deem necessary for each Academy.
It is as follows:
Orrery..
Numeral frame and geometrical solids..
Globes...
Movable planisphere
Tide dial..
Optical apparatus.
$20 00
2 50
12.00
1 50
3 00
10 00
12 00
Hydrostatic apparatus.
10 00
Pneumatic apparatus.
35 00
Chemical apparatus.
25 00
One hundred specimens of mineralogy
10 00
Electrical machine..
12 00
Instruments to teach surveying.
80 00
Map of the United States.
800
Map of the State of New York.
800
Atlas..
5 00
Telescope
Quadrant.
40 00
•
15 00
$308 00
As the apparatus thus mentioned costs about $300, about $200 of
the amount apportioned to each school for the organization of the
department, could be expended in books.
IV. What evidence of qualification to teach shall be given to the
individuals who may be trained in these departments?
The committee propose that to those who complete the prescribed
course of study and pass the final examination, a diploma be given,
bearing the signature of the principal and the official seal of the in-
stitution, while to those who complete a part only of the prescribed
course a certificate be given, bearing the signature of the principal,
and setting forth the particular studies they have pursued, with such
opinion of their moral character and their qualifications to teach.
the branches which they have studied, as they may be considered
entitled to. Neither diploma nor certificate, however, is to dispense
with the necessity of a certificate from the inspectors of Common
Schools of the town.
The committee deem it within the scope of their duty to desig-
nate, for the consideration of the Board, the Academies with which
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
543
the proposed departments may, in their opinion, be most advanta-
geously connected. They suggest the following:
First district, Erasmus Hall, Kings county.
Second district, Montgomery, Orange county.
Third district, Kinderhook, Columbia county.
Fourth district, St. Lawrence, St. Lawrence county.
Fifth district, Fairfield, Herkimer county.
Sixth district, Oxford, Chenango county.
Seventh district, Canandaigua, Ontario county.
Eighth district, Middlebury, Genesee county.
In making this selection the committee state that they have been
guided by one of two considerations: 1st, that the value of the
philosophical and chemical apparatus and library of the Academy
named was superior to that of others in the district; 2d, that by
reason of their endowments or their peculiar situation, the course.
of education in the Academies selected would be likely to be least
expensive to students.
With the report the committee submitted forms for the diploma
and certificate proposed to be issued to members of this department
who complete fully or in part the prescribed course of study.
The report of the committee was considered in part at the meet-
ing of the Board, January 8, 1835, and at the adjourned meeting,
January 20, the report was formally accepted essentially as given,
and an ordinance of the Board was made establishing the depart-
ments as recommended by the committee, and in the Academics
mentioned; providing, also, that the trustees of these Academies
should, upon receiving official notice of their appointment, signify
their acceptance of the appointment under the conditions specified,
and should, with their annual report, present a full and detailed
statement of the progress and condition of the department for the
education of teachers for the Common Schools. The Secretary of
the Board of Regents was also ordered to prepare suitable instruc-
tions in regard to the formation of these departments and proper
forms for the academic reports to be sent to the trustees of all the
Academics in the State. At a meeting of the Board held March
31st, as the several Academics selected for the establishment
of departments for the education of Common School teachers.
had signified their acceptance of this trust, it was resolved that the
sum of $400 be paid to each of the Academies mentioned, for the
support of these departments, and the articles of apparatus to be
purchased by each Academy were specified in a priced list.
544
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
To secure entire uniformity as to the extent to which the course
of instruction in each of the prescribed subjects should be carried,
the committee of the Board of Regents, to which some details con-
nected with the execution of the above plan had been intrusted,
invited the principals of the eight Academies to meet them at Al-
bany on the 1st of September, 1835. The following principals were
present:
William H. Campbell, Erasmus Hall; Jacob C. Tooker, Mont-
gomery Academy; Silas Metcalf, Kinderhook Academy; Asa
Brainard, St. Lawrence Academy; David Chassell, Fairfield Acad-
emy; Merritt G. McKoon, Oxford Academy; Henry Howe,
Canandaigua Academy.
Principal Chassell was chosen chairman and Principal Howe
secretary of the meeting. The course of study prescribed for the
teachers' department was discussed, and each principal named the
text-books adopted in the teachers' department in the institution
under his charge, and explained the mode of instruction in each
branch. A great uniformity in text-books was found to exist, but
it was thought inexpedient to decide upon any particular author
whose text-books exclusively should be used in the institution here
represented. The meeting, however, selected for the library of each
school, a list of books of reference for the teachers' department,
to be purchased by the Regents; and recommended that Geometry
"only through the first six books of Playfair, or what shall be deerned
equivalent in other authors" should be required; that the study of
algebra through simple and quadratic equations and ratio and pro-
portion should be placed in the course of study, and stated that
diplomas from an engraved plate are deemed important "to render
the evidence of qualification uniform, and more acceptable to the
young men who shall have completed the prescribed course of study."
The reports from these eight Academies for the academic year
1834-5 shows that in four of them no pupils had entered the course
of study in the teachers' department. In the other four, St. Law-
rence, Oxford, Canandaigua and Middlebury, one hundred and eight
had pursued the prescribed course at some portion of the
year. The
length of the course of study, three years, the declaration required
of members of that department of their intention to devote them-
selves to the business of teaching, the low rate of wages paid teachers
in the Common Schools, the lack of information on the part of the
public as to the object of the Regents in establishing these depart-
1
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
545
ments, the facilities for more lucrative employments which demanded
no extended special preparation, and the spirit of speculation which
prevailed in many sections of western New York at that time, are
all mentioned as causes which operated against the increase of num-
bers in these departments. Erasmus Hall decided to resign the
trusts given it in the establishment in that institution of a depart-
ment for the instruction of teachers, as there were no applications for
membership in such a department on account of the "high price of
board in Flatbush and its vicinity," and from the fact that many of
the patrons of the school "have in view higher prospects for their
children than teaching Common Schools." But the reports from all
the Academies upon the plan were very favorable to it in spite of
the obstacles which seem to beset its progress. It was considered
that these departments “have directed public opinion to the state of
Common Schools and the means of improving them, and have also
raised many higher institutions to very laudable efforts for improv-
ing their own condition;" that "it is not probable that by any other
means with so little expense could the Regents have produced so
widely felt an influence in behalf of education;" and that "an im-
portant end in the cause of education will be attained by educating
young men in the manner prescribed, though not one of them should
ever teach,” for "it will spread through society men who can judge
and advise well on the subject of Common Schools."
;
In addition to the schools in which the departments for the in-
struction of teachers had been established by the Regents, Gouver-
neur High School, Bridgewater Academy, Rensselaer Oswego
Academy, Union Academy, Onondaga Academy, Yates County
Academy, and Monroe Academy, report that especial attention had
been paid to the preparation of teachers for the Common Schools,
and the aggregate number of teachers instructed by them was 213
while Washington Academy reports the organization of a teachers'
department by the Trustees with a course of study of two years, but
otherwise under the same regulations and course of study as required
in such departments established by the Regents; and on April 5,
1836, at an adjourned meeting of the Board, the regents established
in Washington Academy the department for the instruction of
teachers which had been discontinued in Erasmus Hall.
The attendance and growth of these departments for the first four
years is shown by the following table:
}
69
546
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
1834–35...
1835-36..
1836-37..
1837-38...
ACADEMIC YEAR.
No. in dept.
at time of
making report.
Whole number
instructed
during year.
108
213
265
284
350
374
By an act of Congress, passed June 23, 1836, a certain share of
the surplus revenue of the United States was deposited with this
State¹ for safe keeping until called for by the general government.
The legislature by an act passed January 10, 1837, accepted the trust
and by the act passed April 4, of the same year, provision was made
for loaning this money in the different counties of the State at a
fixed rate of interest and under certain prescribed conditions.
Gov. Marcy in his message to the Legislature of 1837, in discuss-
ing the question as to what disposition should be made of the income
arising from this Fund, says:
"I also recommend that a liberal portion of this income should
be appropriated to the Academies in such manner as will not only
increase the amount annually distributed to them, but also improve
the Literature Fund; having in view principally the design of ren-
dering them more efficient as seminaries for educating Common
School teachers. * * * * The general superintendence of the
Academies, including as a matter of course the departments erected
therein for the instruction of Common School teachers, is committed.
to the Regents of the University.
In his message of 1838, after referring to the suggestions of his
message of the preceding year upon this subject he says:
"The departments for educating Common School teachers erected
under the patronage of the State in eight of the academies have been
in operation two years, and the last reports from them present favor-
able results. The number of students attending them is steadily in-
creasing, they are resorted to as sources for supplying the demand
for teachers, and the services of those instructed in them are on that
¹ The total amount of such surplus was $37,468,859.97, of which New York would
have received $5,352,694.38; but out of the four installments provided by the
act only three were paid over to the States, making the share of New York
$4,014,520.07, which forms the present U. S. Deposit fund of the State.
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
547
account considered more valuable and readily command a higher rate
of compensation. But no success that can attend those already estab-
lished will make them competent to supply in any considerable de-
gree the demand for teachers; it has, therefore, been proposed to in-
crease the number of such departments in each senate district of the
State by devoting to that purpose a portion of the income derived from
the deposit of the public moneys. It is well worthy your consideration
whether still better results might not be obtained by county normal
schools established and maintained on principles analogous to those
on which our system of Common Schools is founded."
By an act of the Legislature entitled "An act concerning Common
Schools," in which certain duties are imposed upon trustees and com-
missioners in regard to their annual reports, passed April 22, 1837,
(chapter 241) in harmony with those recommendations it was pro-
vided that "the institutions in which departments for the instruc-
tion of Common School teachers are or shall be established shall make
to the Superintendent of Common Schools an annual report of the
condition of those departments, in such forms and containing such
information as he may from time to time require; and in respect to
the organization and management of the departments and the course
of studies therein the said institutions shall be governed by such
directions as he may prescribe."
In the spirit of the suggestions made in the message of 1838 the
Legislature passed an act April 17, 1838, providing for the expendi-
ture of the income arising from the investment of the fund intrusted
to their care. By the eighth section of this act the sum of $28,000
is to be paid over annually to the Literature Fund, to be annually
distributed among the Academies in the several senatorial districts by
the Regents of the University in the manner prescribed by law.
In close connection with this comes section nine of the same law
which provides as follows:
"It shall be the duty of the Regents of the University to require
of every Academy receiving a distributive share of public money
under the preceding section equal to seven hundred dollars per an-
num, to establish and maintain in such Academy a department for
the instruction of Common School teachers, under the direction of
the said Regents, as a condition of receiving the distributive share of
every such Academy.
""
At a meeting of the Board of Regents held June 7, 1839, a resolu-
tion was passed requiring every Academy subject to their visitation,
and receiving a distributive share of the public money equal to $700
548
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
per annum, to establish and maintain a department for the instruc-
tion of Common School teachers; and the Secretary of the Board
was directed to send copies of it to the several Academies affected
by it. The following was the list, additional to those in which such
departments had already been established:
Erasmus Hall Academy.
Amenia Seminary.
Albany Female Academy.
Troy Female Seminary.
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary.
Cortland Academy.
Rochester Collegiate Institute.
Ithaca Academy.
On May 4, 1841, the Board of Regents, in accordance with the
suggestions of the report made by Mr. Spencer from the committee
on the instruction of Common School teachers, adopted the following
resolution:
"Resolved, That the sum of three hundred dollars be apportioned
and distributed to each of the following Academies, on condition of
their maintaining therein respectively for the term of six months be-
tween the 15th day of May and the 15th day of December, a depart-
ment for the instruction of teachers of common schools, subject
to the direction of the Superintendent of the Common Schools, so far
as their organization, management, and the course of studies pursued
therein are concerned, viz.:
Second district,
Third district,
Fourth district,
Fifth district,
Montgomery Academy.
Kinderhook Academy.
Delaware Academy.
Washington Academy.
St. Lawrence Academy.
Fairfield Academy.
Hamilton Academy.
Hobart Hall Institute (Holland Patent).
Rensselaer Oswego Academy (Mexico).
Franklin Academy (Prattsburgh).
Ithaca Academy.
Sixth district,
Seventh district,
Canandaigua Academy.
Eighth district,
Cortland Academy (Homer).
Middlebury Academy.
Rochester Collegiate Institute.
Fredonia Academy."
In conformity with chapter 241 of the acts of 1837 the Superin-
tendent issued to the institutions in which these departments had
been established, a circular of instruction, dated May 18, 1841,
mainly derived from those given by the Regents, but containing
some new provisions. Among these were the requirements that every
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
549
person admitted to this department in any Academy make a written
engagement that he will employ himself in teaching in some Com-
mon School for at least one year after he shall leave the department,
unless prevented by ill-health or some other unavoidable impediment;
that no male pupil should be received under eighteen years of age,
nor any female under sixteen, and that the persons instructed in
these departments should be required to practice teaching in the
presence and under the direction of the preceptor of the Academy.
In his annual report to the Legislature for the school year 1838–9,
the State Superintendent states that the establishment of these de-
partments has had a favorable influence upon the character and qualifi-
cations of teachers. He says:
"The standard has been raised, the demand for competent teach-
ers has increased, and the supply has been materially augmented. It
should be made the interest of those who intend to be teachers to
avail themselves of these departments. This could be effected by a
legislative provision, declaring that a certificate of qualification given
by the trustees of the Academy under their seal should constitute
the person receiving it a qualified teacher in the Common Schools of
the State without any further certificate from the inspectors of a
town."
In his annual report of the following year (1839-40) the
Superintendent repeats his suggestion in regard to making the
diplomas granted to graduates of the teachers' departments legal
certificates to teach, but no legislative action was taken in this
direction. The following extract from his report for this year
indicates the condition of these departments and the opinion of the
State Superintendent in regard to their value. He says:
"From all the information received, the Superintendent is con-
vinced that there has been a decided improvement in these depart-
ments. The standard of instruction in their vicinity has been raised,
the desire for competent instructors has increased, their wages have
advanced, the demand for them has augmented, and a general in-
fluence in favor of primary education of the most salutary character
has been diffused. In the judgment of the Superintendent, these
departments ought not to be abandoned, but should be sustained
and encouraged, and the means for establishing a larger number
in other Academies should be provided."
During this school year the Superintendent had appointed two
gentlemen of "eminent ability and peculiar qualifications for the
task," to visit such Academies as their time and convenience might
550
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
permit, for the purpose of inspecting these departments and report-
ing upon their condition. These gentlemen were Rev. Dr. ALONZO
POTTER, of Union College, and D. H. LITTLE, Esq., of Cherry
Valley.
They were appointed July 25, 1840, and were instructed to ascer-
tain particularly "how many of the pupils who have been instructed
in these departments have subsequently devoted themselves to the
business of teaching;" whether the pupils are required or allowed
to take part in giving instruction as a practical exercise;" and also
"personally to examine them as to their proficiency and acquire-
ments; particularly their knowledge in those branches which are
usually taught in Common Schools." They were requested to send
a report containing the results of their examination, mentioning
any defects which they may observe in the organization, manage-
ment or course of studies of these departments, with such sugges-
tions as may occur to them. Dr. Potter visited Kinderhook Acad-
emy, Fairfield Academy, Oxford Academy, and the Albany Female
Academy. In his report, dated January, 1841, he gives a full ac-
count of his visit to each school, and then sums up the results of
his observations as follows:
"I. The students in these departments make good proficiency in
their studies, but pursue the higher branches to the neglect of those
which are elementary.
II. They remain at the institutions but about one-third of the
time originally contemplated.
III. They are not generally exercised in teaching in the presence
of their instructors; most of them, however, have taught Common
Schools.
IV. They usually expect to teach after leaving the department,
but not for a long time.
V. The departments have contributed indirectly but materially
to the improvement of Common Schools, viz.:
1. They have led employers to consider the importance of having
better qualified teachers.
2. They notify trustees where they may apply for teachers.
3. They create an intimate and salutary connection between
Academies and Common Schools.
4. They multiply the number of persons who make teaching a
temporary pursuit, and render such persons better qualified for their
duties.
5. They increase the number of better informed citizens, espe-
cially of such as will take an interest in Common Schools and make
good inspectors.
6. They make it the interest of all Academies to give more atten-
tion to the preparation of Common School teachers."
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
551
He suggests that the term of three years originally prescribed for
the course of study in the teachers' department is too long, and
should be reduced one-third, and perhaps one-half; that the terms
of admission should be somewhat relaxed as to amount, and then
more rigidly enforced; that the members of these departments
should be subjected to no charge for tuition or use of text-books;
that a diploma from a teachers' department ought to supersede the
necessity of an annual examination before inspectors; and that an
absolute promise should be exacted from those who have been in
the department more than two terms, that on leaving it they will
teach a Common School for the period of at least eight months." He
also recommends that "in case tuition fees are remitted, a larger
allowance be made to the schools by the State; that four depart-
ments be substituted for the eight established under the law of 1834,
with much larger allowances; and that each department be annually
visited and inspected." One other recommendation which he makes
in conclusion is of particular interest as being among the first sug-
gestions which led to the establishment of the first normal school in
the State. He says:
"I would suggest whether some means might not be adopted for
training a class of teachers with more especial reference to country
Common Schools, and to primary schools in villages and cities
teachers whose attainments should not extend much beyond the
common English branches, but whose minds should be awakened by
proper influence—who should be made familiar by practice with
the best modes of teaching, and who should come under strong ob-
ligations to teach for at least two or three years. In Prussia and
France, Normal Schools are supported at public expense; most of
the pupils receive both board and tuition gratuitously; but at the
close of the course they give bonds to refund the whole amount re-
ceived, unless they teach under the direction of the government for
a certain number of years. That such schools, devoted exclusively
to the preparation of teaching, have some advantages over any other
method, is sufficiently apparent from the experience of other nations;
and it has occurred to me that as supplementary to our present
system the establishment of one in this State might be eminently
useful. If placed under proper auspices and located near the capitol
where it could enjoy the supervision of the superintendent of Com-
mon Schools and be visited by members of the Legislature, it might
contribute in many ways to raise the tone of instruction throughout
the State. A course of one year, divided between study and exer-
cises in model schools would be sufficient to qualify the pupils for
the particular kind of teaching in view; and they would then carry
the awakening influence of their instructions and example to the
552
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
very districts in which it is most needed. *** It is believed that
such a seminary, capable of sending forth one hundred teachers an-
nually, might be sustained for five years at an expense of not more
than sixty thousand dollars, or twelve thousand dollars annually;
and that the graduates might be dispersed throughout the State, and
having been trained solely at its expense, might by judicious regu-
lations be enlisted in teaching Common Schools for a period suffi-
ciently long at least to enable them to repay to the public the benefit
which they have received. Within five years the relative value of
the system might be clearly tested and ulterior measures taken ac-
cordingly."
D. H. Little, Esq., of Cherry Valley, visited Canandaigua Acad-
emy, Rochester Collegiate Institute, Genesee Wesleyan Seminary
(Lima, Livingston county), and Ithaca Academy. He describes the
visit to each school and reports upon the condition of the teachers'
departments and the results they seemed to be reaching, giving also
the views imparted to him by the principals of the schools. He
also suggests that tuition should be gratis to pupils in these depart-
ments; that more aid should be given by the State to the institutions
maintaining these departments; that they should be visited and in-
spected at least once annually by some competent person appointed
by the State authority; and that by the repeal of the law of 1838
all the departments be placed upon the common basis of State aid
as provided by the law of 1834. No legislative action followed imme-
diately upon the recommendations made, and Acting Superintendent
of Schools, S. S. Randall, in his annual report (January 5, 1842)
says:
"The influences exerted upon the advancement of the schools by
the departments for the education of teachers annexed to several of
the Academies throughout the State continue to be powerfully felt
in the requisition of a higher standard of qualifications in teachers,
and in the steadily increasing compensation paid for their services."
It is of interest to note in connection with the reports for the
academic year 1841-2, that the report from Washington Academy,
Salem, Washington county, says, in speaking of the department for
the instruction of teachers: "Mr. Henry R. Pierson was employed
for one-half of each day for the sum of $50. *** Mr. P. taught
the pupils in this department during the fall term in arithmetic and
natural philosophy."
In the annual report of State Superintendent Young, made Jan-
uary 12, 1843, however, a decided change is recommended. He says
he thinks the departments are not reaching the ends designed by
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
553
their establishment, because "the bounty of the State is diffused
over too great a surface." He recommends that the total sum ap-
propriated, $4,800,"should be divided among four of the most
efficient Academies of the State," and "in addition to this endow-
ment, a sufficient annual sum might advantageously be appropriated
from the Literature Fund to establish and maintain a similar school in
the city of Albany." In a communication to the Board of Regents,
also dated January 24, 1843, he recommends "that the appropria-
tion from the Literature Fund to the several Academies now desig-
nated for the preparation of teachers of the Common Schools be
equally divided between four Academies, to be designated by the
Regents, one in the northern, one in the southern, one in the east-
ern and one in the western section of the State." "In addition to
this endowment," he continues, "I have in my annual report recom-
mended to the Legislature, that a sufficient sum be annually appro-
priated from the Literature Fund to establish and maintain a Normal
School of the highest grade in the city of Albany." This communi-
cation was referred to a committee of which Gideon Hawley was
chairman. This committee, through its chairman, reported April
11, 1843. They concur with the Superintendent in the opinion that
the appropriation of that part of the Literature Fund intended for
the support of departments for the education of teachers should be
limited to four Academies to be designated by the Regents of the
University, and an ordinance was passed by the Board at this meet-
ing reducing the number of such departments thus established to
four, but this ordinance was not to be interpreted "to extend to or
in any manner affect any department for the education of teachers
of Common Schools which the Regents of the University are re-
quired by law to have established in every Academy which receives
a share of $700 in the general distribution of $40,000 annually
made.” These departments thus established, they ordained, are to be
conducted "on such a foundation and in such a manner as shall be
prescribed and required by the Superintendent of Common Schools."
The Superintendent was also authorized to correspond with such
Academies and to report to the Board. At a subsequent meeting of
the Board (April 19, 1843) the Superintendent was authorized "to
take all the necessary preliminary steps for the proper location of
the four Academies." At a meeting held January 11, 1844, he re-
ported a statement of his proceedings "under the ordinance of the
Board, establishing four Normal Schools in various parts of the
State;" and on his motion, as this was the regular annual meeting
70
554
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
of the Board, the appointment of the standing committee on the
establishment of departments in Academies for the instruction of
Common School teachers was for the time suspended. As by this
motion the establishment of departments for the instruction of Com-
mon School teachers was left in great part to the discretion of the
State Superintendent as a member of the Board of Regents, and as
a change of the system of organizing these departments was under
consideration with the strong probability that the change would be
made, the departments already established were practically aban-
doned, to await further action by the Board. The Superintendent,
however, after more mature consideration, evidently concluded that
it would not be practicable to attempt to carry out the plan proposed,
for in his annual report, dated January 13, 1844, he says:
"The result of the examinations which during the last year have
been made on this subject has satisfactorily established the fact that
four Normal Schools, although connected with Academies and sub-
jected to no expense for rent or for ordinary Academic apparatus,
cannot be established and maintained with an annual appropriation
of $1,200 to each."
It is common for public measures of all kinds to be earnestly dis-
cussed by all classes of citizens, and in numerous instances senti-
ments thus generated find expression through petitions to the
Legislature for changes in the laws. This condition of things was
pre-eminently true at this period in the history of the State, and in
regard to no class of topics was this course more likely to be pursued
than in regard to educational subjects. Thus we find in the report
of the Assembly Committee on Colleges, Academies and Common
Schools of this period, the statement made that "Petitions have
been presented to this House and referred to your committee asking
'that the office of State Superintendent of Common Schools be
abolished;' that the offices of town and ward Superintendents be
abolished;' and one petition demands that 'all laws in regard to
Common Schools be repealed.'" The Legislature of 1844 received
numerous petitions for and also remonstrances against transferring
to the Common School Fund the $28,000 which by the act of April
17, 1838, was directed should be added annually to the Literature
Fund to be distributed among the Academies. The educational
committee in the Assembly to which these expressions of opinion
were referred, after a full and careful consideration of that part of
the message of the Governor which related to schools, the recom-
6
13
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
555
mendations made by the State Superintendent in his annual report,
and the petitions and remonstrances already mentioned, made
through their chairman Mr. Hubbard, a careful and extended report,
embracing something of a sketch of the different Funds, the income
of which was used in sustaining the schools of the State; of the
means used in the State for the education of Common School
teachers; and of the use of Normal Schools, their introduction into
this country, their proper functions, and the desirability of their
establishment in this State. The committee in conclusion asked
leave to introduce a bill for the establishment of a Normal School
in the county of Albany, which with some modifications became a
law May 7, 1844, establishing the State Normal School at Albany, and
appropriating for its support that portion of the avails of the Liter-
ature Fund which by the laws of 1834 had been appropriated to the
support of Academical departments for the instruction of teachers
of Common Schools. Thus these departments in the Academies.
were practically abolished, although by the law of 1838 they were
required to be maintained in the few schools which received from
the annual distribution of the Literature Fund an amount equal
to $700.
The following tabular statement shows the number of pupils in-
structed each year in these departments:
1834-35...
1835-36..
1836-37..
1837-38.
1838-39.
1839-40.
1840-41..
1841-42...
•
•
138
218
284
374
498
668
528
681
3, 389
They had been maintained for eight years and had furnished to
the Common Schools 3,389 teachers as shown by their reports at
the comparatively trifling total expense to the State of $32,400.
Although the Academies still continued to furnish teachers for the
Common Schools, since they were the only sources which could be
depended upon for a supply of teachers instructed in more than the
rudiments of an education in the English branches, no official recog-
nition was given to their work in this direction, no reports were
556
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
made, and any mention of the preparation of teachers for the Com-
mon Schools by the Academies disappeared from the official reports
of the Regents and of the State Superintendent. A discontinuance
for five years of State aid and recognition of the need for this work
seems to have produced a popular demand that the State should
again authorize and arrange for suitable instruction for teachers of
Common Schools in different localities throughout the State. With-
out doubt the plan for departments in the Academies for the instruc-
tion of teachers, which was authorized by the State and entered upon
in 1834, the first experiment of its kind in this country, while theo-
retically excellent and desirable, was practically far in advance of
the popular ideas and of the real demands of the Common Schools,
especially in the extent of its course of study and in the time de-
manded for its completion; and while these departments did faith-
ful work and furnished a large number of teachers for the Common
Schools, the condition of the schools, the wages paid, and the unedu-
cated condition of popular opinion as to what constitutes a really good
school demanded a larger number of departments in numerous
localities of the State, which should do more elementary work in a
shorter time. These demands were met by an act passed March 30,
1849, entitled "An act making appropriations for the support of
Common Schools for the years 1849 and 1850." By section second
of this act it is provided that "The treasurer shall pay on the war-
rant of the Comptroller out of the income of the United States de-
posit or Literature Funds, not otherwise appropriated, to the trustees
of one or more academies, as the Regents of the University shall
designate, in each county of the State, the sum of $250 per year for
the years 1850 and 1851; provided such Academy or Academies shall
have instructed in the science of Common School teaching, for at
least four months during each of said years at least twenty individuals
but no such one county shall receive a larger sum than $250."
The Board of Regents promptly took action with a view to render-
ing the provisions of this act of as great benefit as possible to the
Common Schools. At a special meeting of the Board held April 6,
1849, one week after the passage of this act, the Secretary of the
Board was directed to prepare and publish a circular to the Academies
stating that the Regents would hold a special meeting early in the
autumn to consider applications which might be made and to desig-
nate the Academies under this act. At the special meeting of the
Board held September 20, 1849, the committee to whom all applica-
tions had been referred reported that they had received fifty-seven
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
557
applications, subsequently increased to sixty-four from thirty-eight
counties, and recommended that the thirty-eight, subsequently in-
creased to forty-five, mentioned by them in a prepared list be desig-
nated by the Regents for the instruction of Common School teachers
for the years 1850 and 1851. The Board appointed the Academies
thus recommended and issued instructions for the organization and
management of the classes and blank forms for the final reports.
The subjects upon which these classes should be instructed and the
method to be pursued in giving instruction in the "Science of Com
mon School teaching," as prescribed by law, are left to the judg-
ment and discretion of the trustees and principals of the respective
academies. The members of classes are to be instructed free of charge
for the four months in question, to sign a declaration that they intend
to devote a reasonable time to the business of teaching district schools
and upon admission to the class to be, in the case of females, at least
fourteen years of age, and in the case of males at least sixteen years
of age. It is also left to the discretion of the officers of the Academy
whether or not these classes shall be formed and instructed as separ-
ate classes, and whether or not additional teachers shall be employed
for their instruction, but the practice in the different schools in this
particular is to be made a part of the report from these Academies to
the Board of Regents.
The report of the instruction given in these classes during the first
year of the new system, 1850, shows that forty-two Academies had
instructed 992 pupils whose average age was seventeen years, but
little uniformity existed in the length of time during which instruc-
tion was given. Of the forty-two Academies giving instruction to
such classes but seventeen gave such instruction during the required
four months of the year 1850. Thirteen Academies had taught the
class fifteen weeks, five had taught it fourteen weeks, which number
of weeks seem to have corresponded with the number of weeks in
their school term; while the other seven schools had been irregular
either in allowing the "four months" to include a part of the year
1850 and a part of the year 1851, or in instructing a number of
pupils less than the required twenty. The Board of Regents, not
feeling at liberty to interpret the law as excusing such deficiencies
in time and number of pupils as then mentioned, and still consider-
ing that these Academies had given the instruction in good faith, re-
ported the circumstances in full to the Legislature with the request
that relief might be afforded these schools by legislative action; sug-
gesting also, in view of the great benefits arising from the grant of
558
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
money to such academies as give instruction in the science of Common
School teaching, as shown by the report, that provision be made for the
continuance of such grant. The literature committee of the Senate,
to which the matter was referred, reported in favor of granting the
request, and as the proportionate share of each pupil in the appro-
priation as then made was twelve and a half dollars, the committee
recommended that the law be so amended as to allow for each pupil
instructed the required time this amount. An act was accordingly
passed July 11, 1851 (chapter 536), section four of which reads as
follows: "The Treasurer shall pay yearly on the warrant of the
Comptroller, out of the income of the United States Deposit or Lit-
erature Fund, not otherwise appropriated, to the Trustees of one or
more Academies in each county of the State, as the Regents of the
University shall designate, the sum of twelve dollars and fifty cents
for each scholar who shall have been instructed in such Academy
during at least four full calendar months in the science of Common
School teaching."
The fifth section of the same act authorizes the Regents to appor-
tion money at their discretion to certain Academies which had not
complied strictly with the law of 1849. It will be noticed that the
fourth section above quoted not only changes the amount apportioned
from a gross sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for each Academy
designated, to the specific sum of twelve and a half dollars for each
pupil instructed, but also makes this a permanent grant by the in-
sertion of the word "yearly." In the circular issued to the Acad-
emies by the Board at a meeting held October 14, 1851, giving in-
formation in regard to the changes made by the law passed by the
preceding Legislature, the standard of the age of pupils admitted to
teachers' classes was changed to be for females at least 16, and for
males at least 18. As numerous complaints seemed to arise that the
requirement of instruction for four calendar months seriously con-
flicted with the usual division of the Academic year into three terms,
leaving a fourth division of the year for vacations, an amendment to
the law of 1851 was passed by the Legislature April 12, 1852, as
follows:
"The treasurer shall pay yearly, on the warrant of the comptrol-
ler, out of the income of the United States Deposit or Literature
Funds, not otherwise appropriated, to the Trustees of one or more
Academies in each county of the State, as the Regents of the Uni-
versity shall designate, the sum of ten dollars for each scholar who
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
559
shall have been instructed in such Academy during at least one-third
of the Academic year, in the science of Common School teaching."
On account of some difficulty as to the funds, arising from the con-
stitutional provision that no moneys shall ever be paid out of the
treasury of the State unless the payment be made within two years
next after the passage of the act appropriating it, the Legislature
passed the following act June 3, 1853:
"The payment to Academies for instruction in Common School
teaching during the Academic year eighteen hundred and fifty-three,
authorized by the fourth section of chapter five hundred and thirty-
six of the laws of New York, passed July eleventh, eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-one, shall be withheld until after the first day of Jan-
uary, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, and the amount appropriated
in said act is hereby reappropriated, and then made payable in
conformity to existing laws and the ordinance of the Regents."
As no standard of acquirements for admission to the classes had
been made, and no definite course of instruction had been marked
out for these classes, charges had arisen that the ordinary scholars of
some Academies were selected and placed in these classes without re-
gard to their capacity or qualifications. The following act of the
Legislature, passed June 17, 1853 (chapter 402), seems to have been
designed to remedy these defects:
"1. The treasurer shall pay yearly, on the warrant of the comp-
troller, out of the income of the United States Deposit or Literature
Funds, not otherwise appropriated, to the Trustees of one or more
Academies in each county of this State, as the Regents of the Uni-
versity shall designate, the sum of ten dollars for each scholar, not
to exceed twenty-five scholars to each Academy, who shall have been
in such Academy instructed, under a course prescribed by the said
Regents, during at least one-third the Academic year, in the science
of Common School teaching.
2. The comptroller shall not draw his warrant for any amount, as
above provided, until the Trustees of such Academy shall have fur-
nished to the Regents of the University satisfactory evidence that the
course prescribed as aforesaid, has been thoroughly pursued by a
class previously designated, and instructed as Common School teach-
ers, and who the said trustees believe, intend in good faith to follow
the said occupation, and shall have obtained a certificate thereof and
presented the same to the comptroller."
In this act no limit is placed to the number of Academies which
may be appointed to instruct classes nor to the number of classes
560
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
each year which each Academy thus designated may instruct, and
the number of members of which each class may consist is advanced
to twenty-five. The Legislature, however, appropriated the specific
sum of $18,000 as ample for all instruction which might be given.
The circular issued by the Board to the Academies, announcing these
changes in the laws regulating the organization and instruction of
these classes, contains the report of the committee which had been
adopted by the Board and which in regard to the course of study to
be pursued by the classes directs as follows:
"The committee, in addition to previous instructions of the Re-
gents, recommend that the Academies be required to exercise schol-
ars in English Grammar, Geography and Arithmetic, so far at
least as to fit them for examination as Common School teachers,
and particularly so in the frequently neglected art of spelling.
Students should be habituated to regular drilling and review in these
essential branches. If their progress or standing warrant it, they
should engage in any other higher branches of English and mathe-
matical science. The instruction in Common School teaching should
be given by lectures, by recitations from an approved treatise on the
subject, by (as much as may be possible or desirable) instructing a
number of younger scholars themselves under direction, or by a
combination of all of these."
During the years 1853 and 1854 the number of applications ex-
ceeded the number of appointments which the Board felt warranted
in making, in view of the limit set by the amount to be distributed.
As the number of pupils which the designated Academies might
instruct in these classes, while it could not exceed twenty-five in
each class, might not reach that limit, the Regents felt themselves
warranted by the terms of the act of 1853 (chap. 402), in making
provisional appointments. When the reports upon the instruction
given in those years were received it was found that the funds were
all used in the payment of claims made by the Academies regularly
designated, but the value of the work done by the Academies which
had been provisionally appointed and the justness of their claim
were such that the Legislature passed April 5, 1855, the following
act (chap. 160):
66
The sum of $2,100, including the balance on hand, is hereby
appropriated from the income of the United States deposit fund
for the payment of such Academies as were provisionally appointed
by the Regents of the University, in conformity to the directions of
the law passed June 17, 1853 (chap. 402), and the same shall be
paid in conformity to the provisions of this act."
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
561
Upon the 13th of April of the same year an act was passed
(chap. 410) providing that the number of pupils in a teachers' class
in any Academy should not exceed twenty, evidently with the de-
sign to allow a greater number of Academies to receive the appoint-
ment to instruct such classes, and at the same time to bring the ex-
pense of such instruction within the amount appropriated for it,
which was $18,000. The report of the committee of the Board of
Regents, at a meeting held October 2, 1855, through Superintendent
V. M. Rice, its chairman, recommended inasmuch as it was within
the discretion of the Board to determine the maximum number not
to exceed twenty, to be instructed in each Academy designated, that
the maximum number be determined at sixteen, and that 113
Academies, the list of which was given, should be appointed, which
recommendation was adopted by the Board.
The instruction given in these classes, however, did not yet seem
to be satisfactory to the Board. In their report to the Legislature
bearing date January 22, 1857, in speaking of the number of these
classes, they say :
"With few exceptions these have been taught with the other
pupils of the Academy, and no additional teacher has been
employed for such instruction. In many of the Academies some
professional instruction has been given, while in others it does not
appear that the instruction has, to any important extent differed
from that of the other pupils. Doubts have long existed with this
Board, and they have been confirmed by the expressed opinions of
many of the most judicious teachers, whether the money thus appro-
priated and applied might not be more profitably expended. Two
other modes of distribution are suggested-one reducing the num-
ber of institutions so that each shall receive a sum sufficient to meet
the salary of an able teacher, who shall give his whole time and
energies to this department of instruction; the other uniting the
$18,000, now applied to the instruction of teachers with the general
distribution, and requiring the course of study and instruction to
be formed in all the Academies, with particular reference to this
object."
At their meeting November 9, 1857, the Board, with a view to
remedying the defects above mentioned, directed that the instruc-
tions to Academies on the conditions of admission to the teachers'
classes, the course of instruction to be pursued, and the forms of
reports be revised, and a circular embodying the revisions be sent to
the Academies. This was done on the 26th of the same month.
No copy of those revised instructions is found upon file, but the
71
562
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
results as stated in their next annual report (dated January 20, 1859)
were "highly gratifying, for much more has been done than in any
former year to give a higher professional character to the teachers
of the primary schools."
At the annual meeting of the Board held January 9, 1862, the
committee upon the instruction of Common School teachers, re-
ported that "the character of the instruction has been advanced,
and that in most cases the work of instruction has been faithfully
performed." However, the reports of the different institutions in-
structing teachers' classes were soon afterward subjected to a careful
and rigid examination, and the Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion, in behalf of this committee, reported to the Board at a meeting
held July 3, 1862, as follows:
"The committee have examined the reports received from most of
the academies of instruction for the academic year 1861-2, and are
gratified to find evidences of increased thoroughness and faithfulness.
The principal points demanding correction are the following:
1. In some of the academies the scholars instructed are drawn
from a very narrow locality; in some instances not extending beyond
the town or village in which the Academy is situated.
2. Studies not included in the instructions are pursued, and in
some instances such as are not usually pursued in Common Schools.
3. The time spent with the class, separate from the other classes
of the Academy, is, in some instances, less than an hour, and rarely
exceeds that time.
4. In some cases tuition is charged for studies which are called
extra.
The committee recommend that a circular be prepared and for-
warded to the Academies appointed, in which special attention shall
be called to the above points."
The Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Secretary were
accordingly authorized and directed to prepare a revised course of
instructions, embodying the several points stated by the committee.
At a meeting of the Board held December 1, 1863, the Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction, in behalf of the committee on the in-
struction of Common School teachers, called the attention of the
Board to the fact that an examination of the reports for the preceding
year showed that some Academies were still giving instruction in sub-
jects not included in the course prescribed for teachers' classes, and
were charging tuition for such studies, and that in some instances
scholars were reported as members of the class who had entered after
the beginning of the term; or had been absent during the term, or
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
563
had left the class before the close of the term. The committee con-
sidered it entirely improper that tuition should be collected in such
cases and recommended that such amounts collected be deducted from
the sum to which the Academy would otherwise be entitled. They
also recommended that more specific instructions be given, requiring
scholars admitted to the teachers' class to devote their time to the
studies of the course, making their preparation for teaching in the
Common Schools their sole object of study during the time for which
the State provides their instruction, and requiring that attendance
in the course of instruction should be required for the full time of
one third of the academic year.
After due consideration of the report the Board adopted the re-
commendations made by the committee.
At a meeting of the Board held January 14, 1864, Regent Wet-
more submitted resolutions setting forth the fact that the welfare of
the youth intrusted to the care of the State for educational purposes
demanded that provision be made for their physical as well as for
their intellectual improvement, and recommending the appointment
of a committee to consider the subject and report to the Board the
expediency of asking authority from the Legislature to make provi-
sion for a course of lectures on physiology and hygiene to be delivered
annually before the teachers' institutes and teachers' classes. A com-
mittee was appointed, consisting of Mr. Wetmore, Mr. Rice and
Mr. Benedict. Upon the 26th of January Mr.Wetmore, in behalf of
the committee, presented an able report upon the subject and pre-
sented the following resolution:
be asked from the
"Resolved, That an appropriation of $
Legislature, to be expended under the direction of the Regents of the
University of the State of New York, in the delivery of lectures on
physiology and hygiene before the teachers' institutes and normal
classes in the Academies of the State."
The minutes of the meetings of the Board do not show that any
action was taken upon the report of the committee, but the fact that
the Legislature passed an act May 4, 1864 (chapter 556), making
provision for such lectures, indicates that the subject was placed be-
fore the Legislature in a timely and efficient manner. The act, which
makes some other provisions in regard to teachers' classes, is as fol-
lows:
"The treasurer shall pay yearly on the warrant of the comptroller,
out of the income of the United States deposit or literature funds,
564
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $18,000 for instruction in
Academies in the science of common school teaching under a course
of study prescribed by the Regents of the University, the same to
be paid as follows, that is to say: To the trustees of all Academies
selected for that purpose by the Regents of the University in this
State, the sum of $10 for each scholar (not to exceed twenty scholars
to each Academy) who shall have been in such Academy, instructed
under a course prescribed by the Regents of the University, during
at least one-third of the academic year in the science of common
school teaching, and a sum not exceeding $3,000, portion of said
$18,000, for instruction in such Academies in physiology and the
laws of health, and such other special subjects as the Regents of the
University shall deem necessary to be taught on a uniform system
in all Academies selected as aforesaid, by a teacher or teachers to be
appointed by said Regents; the same to be paid to such teacher or
teachers on the certificate of the said Regents that the said uniform
course of instruction has been given by such teacher or teachers
under their directions in conformity to the provisions of this act.”
The plan thus outlined for giving instruction upon physiology and
the laws of health to the teachers' institutes and teachers' classes
seems to have been impracticable, for we find no further mention of
it and no attempt to reap the benefit of its provisions. The reports
of the committee upon the instruction of Common School teachers at
several successive annual meetings of the Board show that the classes
were for the most part following in a satisfactory manner the course
prescribed by the Regents.
The report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, as chair-
man of the committee upon the instruction of Common School teachers
made January 9, 1868, gives evidence of this fact. It says:
"The report of each Academy has been carefully examined to
ascertain whether the instructions of the Regents have been so faith-
fully regarded as to entitle each Academy, under the provisions of
the statute of April 13, 1855, to the sum of $10 for each pupil re-
ported as having been so instructed; and the committee are gratified
to find, that, with very few exceptions, the returns have been made
in strict conformity with the requirements of the Board, and that
the statements in response to the formal inquiries made by the Re-
gents, are, in many instances, highly creditable to the earnest and
well directed efforts of the Academies.
The committee are also gratified to have testimony of the merits
of these classes in the reports of school commissioners to the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, and evidence of the good character
and qualifications as teachers, of those composing them. A cordial
co-operation between the commissioners and the principals of Acad-
emies contributes greatly to the efficiency of the instruction. The
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
565
reports of the last year furnish evidence of such co-operation, and
of the value of this agency in providing teachers for the Coinmon
Schools."
For several years the applications for appointment to instruct
teachers' classes had not been sufficient to exhaust the appropriation.
A careful consideration of this fact showed that in many Academies
the sums paid for instructing these classes had not been equal to the
amounts which would have been received from members of these
classes at the regular rates of tuition, and hence provision for giving
efficient instruction to teachers' classes in these Academies had be-
come a burden to be avoided. Hence those Academies that charged
high rates of tuition usually did not apply for appointment to instruct
teachers' classes as the instruction of such classes would be attended
with loss upon the part of the Academy; and the appointments were
many times sought, not for the benefit which might be conferred
upon the Common Schools through such instruction, but to secure
the appropriation made for such instruction as an aid in the support
of the school. An attempt was made to obviate this difficulty by
section 3, chapter 642 of the Laws of 1873. This section reads as
follows:
"Twelve thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be required
in addition to the annual appropriation of eighteen thousand dollars
from the United States Deposit Fund, for the instruction of Com-
mon School teachers; the whole sum to be apportioned and paid to
the several institutions which may give such instruction as now pro-
vided by law, at the rate of fifteen dollars for each scholar instructed
in a course prescribed by the said Regents, during a term of thirteen.
weeks, and at the same rate for not less than ten weeks or more than
twenty weeks."
The sum paid for the instruction of each scholar in a teachers'
class was thus advanced to fifteen dollars, the number of scholars to
be taught in any Academy was not restricted, and the limits of time
during which a class might be under instruction were fixed at ten
and twenty weeks. The $12,000 appropriated in addition to the
regular annual appropriation of $18,000, was a portion of an appro-
priation of $125,000 made to the Academies by the act of Legisla-
ture, chapter 642, Laws of 1873, and made for that year only. The
amount appropriated for the support of teachers' classes was thus
made $30,000, in anticipation of a large increase in the number of
pupils instructed in consequence of the change in the regulations
566
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
"
governing the formation and instruction of these classes. In their
annual report made to the Legislature February, 18, 1874, the
Board, referring to the provisions of this act, say:
"These changes in the requirements of the law have proved most
salutary, more appointments have been applied for than the fund
at their disposal would permit the Regents to make, and they have
gratifying testimony to the increased thoroughness and efficiency of
the instruction."
In the "Report of the Committee of Fifteen on Legislative aid
to the academic institutions of the State of New York," the pur-
poses and possibilities of these provisions of the law are thus out-
lined:
*
*
"The Academies will continue hereafter, as heretofore, largely to
train the teachers of their respective localities and thus of the State.
* While the smaller Academies will be able to continue the
present form of the teachers' class with greater efficiency than before,
the larger Academies may be enabled, under proper arrangements, to
organize a permanent teachers' department with its regular pro-
fessorship; and it is the opinion of your committee that no more
valuable service could be rendered, under this appropriation, than for
the Regents to perfect some plan whereby all Academies which have
a sufficiently large attendance of those preparing for teaching to
warrant it, may establish a teachers' department, with courses of
training for teachers similar to those now in operation in our Nor-
mal Schools."
The effect of the additional appropriation of 1873 was to stimulate
very greatly the interest in these classes, and so numerous were the
applications for appointment to instruct classes during the Academic
year 1873-4 that the Board considered it necessary to advise the
Academies not to instruct more than twenty-five scholars for a term
of thirteen weeks free of charge, unless they were prepared to
assume the risk of instructing a larger number.
The appropriation of $125,000 failed to be made after 1873 and
hence that portion of it which had been apportioned to the support
of teachers' classes was withdrawn, and but $18,000 was left with
which to continue them. It was hence thought very desirable and
important to secure the annual appropriation of an adequate amount
for the permanent encouragement of instruction of Common School
teachers in the Academies and Academical departments of Union
Schools. The subject was therefore brought to the attention of the
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
567
Legislature at the session of 1877, and the following act was passed
(Laws of 1877, chapter 425):
"SECTION 1. The treasurer shall pay yearly, on the warrant of the
comptroller, out of the income of the United States Deposit Fund
not otherwise appropriated, the sum of
* * thirty thousand
*
dollars for the instruction in Academies and Union Schools in the
science and practice of Common School teaching, under a course to
be prescribed by the Regents of the University; * X
*
82. The said Regents shall designate the Academies and Union
Schools in which the instruction shall be given, distributing them
among the counties of the State as nearly as well may be, having
reference to the number of school districts in each, to location and
to the character of the institutions selected.
§ 3. Every Academy and Union School so designated shall in-
struct a class of not less than ten nor more than twenty-five
scholars, and every scholar admitted to such class shall continue
under instruction not less than ten weeks, all of which shall be in
one school term. The Regents shall prescribe the conditions of ad-
mission to the classes, the course of instruction, and the rules and
regulations under which said instruction shall be given, and shall, in
their discretion, determine the number of classes which may be
formed in any one year in any Academy or Union School, and the
length of time exceeding ten weeks during which such instruction
may be given, all of which shall be in the same school term.
$4. Instruction shall be free to all scholars admitted to such
classes, and who have continued in them the length of time required
by the third section of this act.
5. The trustees of all Academies and Union Schools in which
such instruction shall be given shall be paid from the appropriation
made by the first section of this act at the rate of one dollar
for each week's instruction of each scholar, on the certificate of the
Regents of the University to be furnished to the Comptroller.
The changes made by this law in regard to the amount appropri-
ated, the rates to be paid for each scholar instructed, and the length
of time during which the instruction should continue gave a strong
impetus to this work throughout the State. Applications were made
and granted to the full extent of the appropriation, and reports from
the different schools where instruction was given, and from the
school commissioners, indicated that the character of the instruction
was greatly improved. But an unexpected discouragement arose.
The appropriation for the support of the teachers' classes made by
chapter 425 of the Laws of 1877 was from the income of the
United States deposit fund. The annual report of the Regents
transmitted to the Legislature March 10, 1879, states that the Comp-
568
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
troller had commnnicated to the Board his decision that he would
not be able to make payment for the instruction of teachers' classes
during the preceding year, as the expenditure from this fund was in
excess of the income, and that the deficiency was increasing. As
the law prescribes that such deficiencies shall be reimbursed from
the income of the fund, the Board expresses the opinion that the
prospect of making payment for this service from this fund at an
early day could not be regarded as favorable. The Board accord-
ingly earnestly urged the Legislature to provide for the payment for
the instruction of these classes. The Legislature at once gave at-
tention to the subject, and relief was given by the act, chapter 61
of the Laws of 1879, appropriating such sum as might be necessary
for this purpose from any moneys in the treasury not otherwise ap-
propriated. By chapter 1 of the Laws of 1881 an appropriation
was made to supply the deficiency in the revenue of the United
States deposit fund, and provision was made for the payment from
other funds of certain sums which had before been paid from this
fund, thus rendering secure the annual payment of $30,000 from
the United States deposit fund for the instruction of Common
School teachers in the Academies. This interruption in the instruc-
tion of teachers' classes in the Academies caused by the deficiency
in the revenue of the United States deposit fund was considered by
the Board as furnishing a favorable opportunity for the revision of
the regulations governing the organization and conduct of these
classes. In addition to this the Board were impressed with the
necessity of requiring this service to be well and thoroughly per-
formed. At their annual meeting in January, 1881, the committee
upon the instruction of Common School teachers were instructed to
devise and carry out such reforms in the management of these
classes as they should deem advisable. The committee reported to
the Board at their meeting July 14, 1881, the amended form of in-
structions for the management of these classes which they had pre-
pared and issued, introducing the following important changes:
"As to the conditions of admission to the teachers' class, they pro-
vide that candidates must have passed the Regents' preliminary ex-
amination, or must give promise of being able to pass said examina-
tion before the close of the course.
As to the subject of study to be pursued, they direct that instruc-
tion be given in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic intellectual
and written, English grammar, geography, United States history,
science of government, and principles of teaching; and they remove
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
569
the restriction heretofore in force as to pursuing other branches of
study.
As to the instruction to be given, they provide that one and a half
hours each day be occupied in drilling the class in methods of giving
instruction in the several subjects, and that opportunities be fur-
nished for practice in teaching.
As to the final testing and acceptance of the class, they provide
that a final examination of the class be held, and that only those
members who have received the Regents' preliminary certificate and
pass the final examination will be accepted and paid for by the
Regents.
""
In their annual report to the Legislature January 13, 1882, the
Board mention the above changes and call attention to the fact that
what is still required to make the administration of this work wholly
satisfactory is a close supervision by a competent person who should
give his time to the care and inspection of the classes; and an en-
actment making it the duty of the school commissioners to visit
these classes and report to the Regents as to their condition.¹
1The idea of visitation and inspection by a competent agent of the Regents
had been suggested in a modified form, in the report made by a committee of the
Regents in 1835, already noticed.
It should be remembered that at that period the Academies of the State were
not supplied with apparatus as fully as their wants required, and we may infer
from the following extract from the Report, that in some of them, at least, the
teachers themselves were not as well qualified to teach the physical sciences as
they would be required to be at the present time. With a view of supplying in
some degree these wants, and at the same time of securing the benefits of a thor-
ough inspection, the committee suggested the following economical arrangement:
"Should the funds available for this purpose thereafter admit, it was suggested
that great benefit might be derived from a course of lectures accompanied with
experiments, on chemistry, mineralogy, natural philosophy and astronomy, deliv-
ered by a person who should make it his whole business to lecture upon these sub-
jects, and who should visit each of these institutions in turn; the pupils being
previously prepared by the study of proper text-books, so as to be ready at a
specified time for the lecturer, who would carry his apparatus with him, and who
from his familiar knowledge of his subjects could in a course of lectures of not
more than a month in duration at each place impart more practical information
than could be gained in the ordinary way in a much longer period. It was esti
mated that $1,000 a year, with what might be received from students (other than
those of the teachers' classes) attending, would be sufficient to meet these expenses.
The person thus appointed by the Regents, and acting as their agent, would be
able to examine into the condition of the institutions and report full information
necessary for a proper understanding and the further improvement of their oper-
ation."
This was the only part of the plan recommended in 1835 which was not adopted.
So far as related to courses of lectures with experiments, the plan has since been
carried out on private account to some extent, but more in the early years of the
72
570
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATF (F NEW YORK.
The need for these requirements had been fully shown by the re-
ports of Principal A. B. Watkins of Adams, School Commissioner
A. B. Humphrey, and Mr. Fox Holden, of Ithaca, who had been
employed by the committee upon the instruction of Common School
teachers as agents of the Board to visit and inspect the teachers'
classes under instruction during the Fall term of 1881. At the an-
nual meeting of the Board in January, 1882, the results of these
visitations were reported to the Board by the committee, and steps
were taken to place the subject before the Legislature with a view to
securing such legislation as should be deemed necessary. The sub-
ject was accordingly brought to the attention of the Legislature and
the following law was passed (Laws of 1882, chapter 318):
SECTION 1. The appropriation provided by chapter four hundred
and twenty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-seven,
for the instruction in Academies and Union Schools in the science
and practice of Common School teaching, shall be deemed to include,
and shall include, the due inspection and supervision of such instruc-
tion by the Regents of the University, and the expenses of such in-
spection and supervision for the present and each succeeding fiscal
year shall be paid out of said appropriation on vouchers certified by
the Regents of the University.
§ 2. Each class organized in any Academy or Union School under
appointment by the Regents of the University, for instruction in
the science and practice of Common School teaching, shall be subject
to the visitation of the school commissioner of the district in which
such Academy or Union School is situated; and it shall be the duty
of said commissioner to advise and assist the principals of said Acad-
emies or Union Schools in the organization and management, and
in the final examination of said classes, and after the close of the
term of instruction of said classes to make to the Regents of the
University, in the manner to be prescribed by them, a report in re-
gard to the instruction of said classes, and the qualifications of the
individual members thereof.
§ 3. Each scholar instructed for the full term provided by law, in
a class organized for instruction in the science and practice of Com-
mon School teaching, who shall have passed the examination known
and designated as the Regents' preliminary examination, in Arith-
metic, English Grammar, Geography and Spelling, and who, in ad-
dition, shall have passed the final examination prescribed for such
classes by the said Regents, including an examination in the History
period than of late. In the summer of 1838 the writer attended a week's course
of lectures, delivered in the Lowville Academy by an itinerant professor, well
qualified for his business, and provided with apparatus quite as extensive as the
average College of that day, and more costly than most Academies could afford
to-day.
F. B. H.
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
571
of the United States, the Principles of Civil Government and the
Methods of Teaching, shall be deemed to have sufficient learning to
teach in the Common Schools of the State, and to each such scholar
the Regents of the University shall grant a testimonial which, when
indorsed by any school commissioner, shall constitute a certificate of
qualification and a license to teach in the Common Schools of his
district for a period of one year from the date of such indorsement;
and at the expiration of the period named in said license, and at
successive expirations thereafter, said certificate may be re-indorsed
by any school commissioner, and at his discretion constituted a license
to teach in the Common Schools of his district for a period not to
exceed three years after each re-indorsement.
By this act provision is made for the supervision as well as for the
instruction of the classes; each class is made subject to the visitation
of the school commissioner in whose district it is situated; it is made
the duty of the school commissioner to aid and advise the principal
in the organization, management and final examination of the classes,
and to make a report to the Regents in regard to the instruction of
the classes and the qualifications of the individual members; and each
scholar holding a Regents' preliminary certificate who completes the
prescribed course of instruction and passes the final examination be-
comes entitled to a testimonial issued by the Regents, which becomes
a license to teach in the Common Schools when indorsed by a school
commissioner.
The changes made by this act tend to reach more satisfactory re-
sults in the organization of the classes, in a higher grade of scholar-
ship upon the part of members' of classes, in instruction in the meth-
ods of teaching, in the active co-operation.of the school commission-
ers, and in the possession by each successful member of the classes
of a testimonial which may become a license to teach in the Com-
mon Schools.
Under the provisions of this act the Board appointed Albert B.
Watkins, Ph. D., of Adams, as inspector of teachers' classes who
entered upon the duties of the position July 1, 1882.
1882. A pamphlet
of instructions was at once prepared and issued, containing full
information in regard to legislation concerning the teachers'
classes; conditions upon which appointments are to be made to
instruct teachers' classes; qualifications of candidates; organiza-
tion and supervision of the classes; an outline of the course
of instruction in methods of teaching and school economy; directions
for conducting the final examinations of the classes; and information
in regard to the Regents' testimonial, and the payment for instruction.
572
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The number of classes applied for and appointed for the Academic
year 1882-83 was somewhat smaller than before in consequence of
the increased requirements, but the results reached in these classes,
as shown by the visitations of the inspector, the reports of the prin-
cipals and school commissioners, and the answer papers forwarded
to the Regents' office as the result of the final examinations of classes,
indicated great care in observing the directions of the Regents, a
higher grade of preparation for the work, a better class of material
in the classes, a much larger proportion of members who are bona
fide teachers, or who intend to become such, a far greater amount of
instruction upon methods and school economy, and hence a better
qualified class of teachers than the teachers' classes have heretofore
produced.
The number of classes instructed during the Academic
year 1883-84
was seventeen greater than during the preceding year, showing the
fact that the Academies and their officers are giving their hearty sup-
port to the effort made by the Regents to advance the standard of
the work done in these classes. It is believed that in a comparatively
brief time the united efforts of school commissioners, Academies and
the Board of Regents will result in increasing not only the number
of classes, but also the average number in each class, bringing the
benefits of special instruction for teachers within the reach of more
numerous localities and of a greater number of teachers, and thus
furnishing to the Common Schools a larger number of efficient
teachers, and to a much greater number of children competent in-
struction.
Attendance in Teachers' Classes in Academies under the first
Appointment until 1841, inclusive.'
1
ACADEMIES.
Montgomery Academy.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
1841.
None.
7
12
Kinderhook Academy
Fairfield Academy.
St. Lawrence Academy
Washington Academy....
Oxford Academy...........
Canandaigua Academy.
Middlebury Academy.
None.
15
None.
None.
59
102
32
29
27
19
26
5
19
22-833**
20
16
96
106
35
35
36
34
323888*=
53
104
35
44
41
ARRED
40
14
38
107
30
44
50
40
GA852RTH
Total..................
108
228
284
374
350
407
Expenses of Teachers' Department...........
$6,800
$3,200 $3,200 $3,200 $3,200 $3,200
Under the increased number of Academies provided for in 1841
there was found difficulty in obtaining reports from some, owing
This table and the following are inserted by F. B. H., the general editor of
this volume.
43
INSTRUCTION OF COMMON SCHOOL TEACHERS.
573
in part, it was suggested, to the more stringent regulations that were
adopted,¹ and the numbers reported were less than those actually
instructed. The results of attendance under this regulation and the
names of the Academies included, are shown in the following table:
Attendance in Academies appointed for the Instruction of Com-
mon School Teachers under the Regulations of 1841.
ACADEMIES.
1842. | 1843.
ACADEMIES.
1842, | 1843.
Montgomery Academy......
16
21
Kinderhook Academy.
15
Delaware Academy
19
Washington Academy.
....
St. Lawrence Academy.
52
Fairfield Academy....
13
Hamilton Academy.
26
Hobart Hall........
25
Rensselaer Oswego Academy...
2222222
29
Franklin (Prattsburgh) Academy.
Ithaca Academy...............
14
#3
19
16
Cortland Academy
12
50
18
Canandaigua Academy..................
46
50
73
Middlebury Academy.
35
50
23.
Rochester Collegiate Institute
18
Fredonia Academy....
31
45
39
20
Total...................
304
518
The Academies above named were termed of the First Class, and
were empowered to grant diplomas entitling the holder to teach
a Common School. Another grade, termed those of the Second
Class, were required to provide instruction to teachers under an act
we shall presently notice, passed in 1838; but these were not allowed
to grant these diplomas.
Statistics of Attendance and Expenditures -Teachers' Classes
1849-84.
ATTENDANCE.
ACADEMIC YEAR.
Number
of classes
instructed.
Expen-
diture.
Males. Females.
Total.
1849-50................
1850-51.......
1851-52...
1852-53..
1853-54.....
1854-55....
1855-56...
1856-57........
1857-58....
1858-59..........
1859-60.....
1860-61.....
1861-62...
1862-63...
1863-64........
1864-65...
1865-66........
1866-67.
1867-68.........
1868-69........
....
1869-70....
1870-71........
1871-72........
1872-73..
1873-74.........
1874-75...
1875-76.........
1876-77.........
1877-78.......
1878-79......
1879-80........……………
1880-81....
1881-82..
1882-83........
1883-84.......
•
388
610
998
42
$10,889
337
663
1,000
46
11,356
529
1,044
1,573
82
14,990
508
1,062
1,570
85
15,520
592
1,188
1,780
105
17,740
590
1,213
1,803
85
17,850
524
1,153
1,677
111
16,250
532
1,077
1,609
106
15,600
601
1,096
1,697
93
16,730
711
1,093
1,804
97
17,270
597
1,087
1,684
93
17,580
595
1,117
1,712
93
16, 450
494
1,272
1,766
95
16,550
449
1,328
1,777
99
14,816
363
1,323
1,686
99
16,346
297
1,301
1,598
103
15,326
363
1,122
1,485
86
14,510
406
1,039
1,445
84
13,954
463
1,026
1,489
85
14,512
564
1,021
1,585
89
15,280
.....
503
991
1,494
87
14,502
582
969
.....
1,551
90
15, 200
592
1,002
1,594
88
15,333
551
1,110
1,661
97
15,877
617
1,278
1,895
93
26,767
572
1,222
1,794
93
14 872
608
1,133
1,741
85
16 050
811
1,433
2,244
102
16, 352
855
1,607
2,462
100
14,775
863
1,551
2,514
110
17,107
326
693
1,019
53
11,645
128
193
321
18
3,669
553
1,187
1,740
99
18,706
433
1,178
1,611
95
12,999
517
1,358
1,875
112
15,856
1 Convention Doc. 50 (1846), p. 5.
574
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XXVII.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The following list is intended to include the names of the several
Academies that have been incorporated by the Regents and by the
Legislature. In case of change of name, the obsolete names are
generally introduced without more than a cross reference to the last
or present name, where the principal data concerning them are
given. In a few instances the names of unincorporated Academies
are given, but these were generally in some way connected with
those having a charter, either preceding or following them.
At all periods during the century there have been a large number
of private Seminaries in the State, but with the exception of very
recent years, we have no information concerning their number or
attendance. In 1884 the number of pupils attending private schools
was 119,952, or about ten per cent of the whole number under
instruction.
The list of Principals has been compiled for the earlier years
from the original reports. They were first printed in the Regents'
report of 1850, and from that time to the present these lists have
been prepared from these reports. In giving titles the one last used
has generally been added, but this is not to indicate that it was
held by the person to whose name it is placed during the whole
period of service. It is also to be remarked that the absence of a
title does not indicate that the person had no literary or professional
titles. In a few instances, by the aid of Academies and county
histories, we have been able to present series of names with reason-
able assurance that they are complete; but of far the greater num-
ber it cannot be claimed that a full list is given. The information
is presented as the best that could be obtained, and as only approxi-
mately complete.
It must be remembered that the latest information available in
preparing this list has been the Regent's Report, printed in 1884,
but referring to the year ending in 1883. In the few cases where
1884 has been entered it is from recent information by correspond-
ence; and whenever 1883 is entered opposite the name it does not
imply that the services of the person named had ended in that
year.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
575
[With respect to the lists of Principals in the following pages, it should be re-
marked that from imperfections in existing records it has been found quite im-
possible in some cases to prepare perfect lists. They should, therefore, be re-
garded as only approximately complete. The titles appended are generally those
which were reported as pertaining to these persons while employed as Principals,
and at the end of the period while so reported. They may have afterward
received degrees of higher grade, but of this no notice is taken. As the lists
prior to 1850 were prepared from unpublished returns, and by clerks who had
not been previously instructed upon this point, many persons may have been
mentioned without noticing the literary titles belonging to them in the earlier
years of the period embraced.]
ACADEMY AT LITTLE Falls.
(See "Little Falls Union School, Academic Department.")
ACADEMY OF DUTCHESS COUNTY.
(See "Poughkeepsie High School.")
ACADEMY OF OUR LADY OF THE CATARACT. (Niagara Falls, Niag-
ara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 10, 1866. (Chap. 495,
Laws of 1866.)
ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 11, 1849.¹ (Chap. 427,
Laws of 1849.)
ADAMS COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Adams, Jefferson Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 22, 1855, but not fully organized
when a proposition was received from General Solon D. Hungerford
of Adams, for a substantial endowment. The name was changed
March 24, 1864, to
Hungerford Collegiate Institute.
Under this name an Academic School was opened in a large build-
ing near the railroad station built for a hotel. This was burned in
1867, and a very fine building was soon afterward erected, upon a slight
eminence on the northern border of the village, commanding a most
1 By this act Jesse A. Auchinbaugh, of Rochester, was declared and constituted
a corporation, with succession by his executors or trustees appointed by his last
will and testament, subject to the general provisions of the Revised Statutes.
The institution has not reported to the Regents.
576
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
beautiful prospect, and in design and arrangement surpassed by
but few Academies in the State.¹
This building was occupied from 1870 to 1882, it having been sold
for a debt, and the trustees being unable to agree with the purchaser
for further occupation, upon terms that they deemed just, the
school was removed in 1882 to a block in the business part of the
village. It remained there until burned out, in a disastrous village
fire August 28, 1884.
The name " Adams Collegiate Institute," was restored by the
Regents, in a provisional charter granted May 29, 1883, and declared
absolute November 16, of that year. The Academic building has
since been repurchased by D. A. Dwight and wife, of Adams,
and conveyed by perpetual lease, subject to certain conditions to the
present board of trustees.
Principals.
Rev. G. Dunbar Houghton, A. M., 1866-68. Orlo B. Rhodes, A. M., 1882.
Albert B. Watkins, A. M., Ph. D., 1871-82.
ADDISON ACADEMY.
(See "Addison Union School, Academic Department.")
ADDISON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC
Steuben Co.)
DEPARTMENT.
(Addison
About the year 1848, an Academy was built by a joint stock com-
pany, and incorporated by the Regents, February 8, 1849. It was
burned about 1856-8, and a new company was formed and another
building erected. In 1869 this was sold to the school district and a
Union School formed, which has since been conducted with success,
the Academic department reporting to the Regents. Received under
visitation April 21, 1868.
Marvin N. Baldwin, 1848.
Asa W. Smith, A. B., 1849.
Prof. Van Patten.
John Stacy, A. B., 1850-51.
R. B. Van Patten, A. B., 1852.
Fordyce Harrington, A. B., 1853.
B. J. McNiel, 1854-55
Francis M. Hyde, 1865-68.
Principals.
M. H.Paddock, 1869.
Prof. J. H. Bosard.
Theodore F. Welch, 1870-73.
Fox Holden, A. B., 1873-74.
Ewing L. Richardson, A. B., 1875-79.
Philip M. Hull, A. M., 1879-84.
Robert G. A. Estell, 1884.
ADELPHI ACADEMY OF BROOKLYN. (Brooklyn, Kings Co).
Incorporated by the Regents, August 3, 1870.
Homer B. Sprague, M. A., 1871-75.
Principals.
Stephen G. Taylor, A. M., Ph. D., 1876–82.
¹ A description of this building with engravings will be found in the Regents
Report of 1872, p. 461.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
577
AFTON UNION SCHOOL. (Afton, Chenango Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents January 11, 1862. By a change in
the limits of the district, it was, under a decision of the Superinten-
dent of Public Instruction, reduced to an ordinary school district.
New proceedings for the organization of a Union Free School
were had, and the Academic department was admitted by the Regents
November 6, 1874.
E. W. Rodgers, 1872-74.
David E. Kohler, 1875-76.
H. R. Rundall, 1877.
Principals.
James L. Sprague, A. M., 1878-82.
Willis Robert Hall, 1883.
ALBANY ACADEMY.¹ (Albany.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 4, 1813. Concurrent resolu-
tions were passed March 11-May 9, 1878, requesting the Governor
to issue not over 125 light cadet muskets, with equipments, security
being given for their safe keeping, and return when called for.
(Laws of 1878, p. 515.) This has always been a Boys Academy,
and it has uniformly ranked as one of the very best in the State.
An edifice of dressed brown free stone in pure Italian style from the
designs of Philip Hooker, the eminent Albany architect, was erected
with a wing upon each side for residences, fronting upon a park, ad-
jacent to the Capitol Park, and facing the east. The State Hall,
[hereafter to be known as the State Museum] was afterward erected
on the lower side of Eagle street directly opposite the Academy, and
the adjacent streets include the finest and best portions of the city
of Albany.
While under the care of Prof. Mason, military instruction was
introduced as an incidental part of the course, and the students wear
a cadet uniform, and have a special teacher in this department.
The library and collections of the Albany Institute, the direct.
descendant of the oldest scientific society in the State, are kept at
the Academy, and in the winter months its stated meetings are held
there.
'The semi-centennial anniversary of this Academy was celebrated June 26, 1863,
and the occasion called together a very large number of former students, including
many aged men and men in middle life, from every rank and profession. The
proceedings were published in a volume entitled Celebration of the Semi-Cen-
tennial Anniversary of the Albany Academy, Albany, June 23, 1863." 8 vo. pp.
187.
73
578
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
•
Benjamin Allen, LL. D., 1815-17.
T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., LL. D., 1817-48.
Rev. William H. Campbell, D. D, 1848-51.
George. H. Cook, A. M., 1851-53.
Rev. William A. Miller, A. M., 1853-56.
Principals.
David Murray, A. M., Ph. D., 1856-63.
James Weir Mason, A. M., 1863-69.
Rev. Abel Wood, A. M., 1869-70.
Merrill F. Gates, A. M., Ph. D., 1871-83.
James M. Cassety, A. M., Ph. D., 1883.
ALBANY FEMALE ACADEMY.
(Albany.)
Incorporated by the Legislature Feb. 16, 1821¹ (chap. 53, Laws of
1821). Admitted by Regents January 29, 1828.2
Alonzo Crittenden, 1827-44.
L. Sprague Parsons, A. M., 1849-55.
Eben S. Stearns, A. M., 1856-68.
Principals.
Miss Louisa Ostrom, 1860.
Miss Louisa Ostrom and Wm. G. Nowell, 1878.
[No returns in recent years.]
ALBANY FEMALE SEMINARY. (Albany.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 9, 1828, (chap. 189, Laws
of 1829). Admitted by Regents April 16, 1828.
Rev. David Brown, 1829.,
Miss E. H. Smith, 1830.
Rev. John W. Garfield, 1831-48.
Emerson F. Carter, 1849-53.
Principals.
Mrs. S. C. Nickerson, 1850-55.
Mrs. Fannie L. Hussey, 1856-57.
Henry D Burlingame, A. M., 1857-67.
ALBANY HIGH SCHOOL. (Albany.)
Organized under general act of April 7, 1866 (Chap. 444, Laws
of 1866). Admitted by Regents, April 26, 1873. Named originally
"The Free Academy of the City of Albany," but this was changed
to the present one by the Albany Board of Public Instruction, in
1873.
John E. Bradley, A. M., Ph. D., 1874.
Principals.
ALBANY PEARL STREET ACADEMY. (Albany, N. Y.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 23, 1836 (Chapter 174,
Laws of 1836, p. 235). No reports received.
ALBION ACADEMY. (Albion, Orleans Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, May 1, 1837 (Chap. 290, Laws of
1837). Admitted by the Regents, February 27, 1841. Established
as a stock company. Capital, $10,000. Shares $25, and none to be
trustees unless owning $100 of stock. This restriction was repealed
April 20, 1836. Changed May 23, 1876, to
¹ No reports made for many years, although the Academy has been regularly con-
tinued.
2 Under an act passed February 28, 1822, the trustees were to be paid a sum not
exceeding $1,000, from the sale of a lot on which a building had been erected by
them.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
579
ALBION UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Admitted by the Regents, January 11, 1877. Since that time the
old academic building has been enlarged by adding two wings. Main
building, 120 by 40 feet; wings, 60 by 40 feet each, and all two
stories high, and built of brick.
Edwin R. Reynolds, 1840-41.
Justus W. French, 1842-45.
Edwin R. Reynolds, 1846.
Frederick R. Lord, 1847.
Parez Brown, A. M., 1848-50.
Hiram Wheeler, A. M., 1851-52.
Joel Whitney, A. M., 1853-60.
Principals
Franklin S. Lyon, A. M., 1861-64.
J. R. Bellamy, A. M., 1865-66.
Oliver Morehouse, A. M., 1867-71.
Theodore F. Chapin, A. B., 1872–74.
W. T. Mills, A. B., 1875-76.
W. B. Forbes, 1876.
Freeman A. Green, A. M., 1877
ALEXANDER CLASSICAL SCHOOL.
(See "Genesee and Wyoming Seminary.")
ALFRED ACADEMY.
(See "Alfred University, Academic Department.")
ALFRED UNIVERSITY, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Alfred, Allegany
Co.)
The "Alfred Academy" was founded December 5, 1836, by the
Seventh Day Baptist Denomination, and incorporated by the Re-
gents January 31, 1843. Changed to "Alfred University " by the
Legislature, March 28, 1857.¹
By an act passed April 10, 1850,2 the sum of $10,000 was loaned
for five years from the Common School Fund to the town of Alfred,
with leave to re-loan the same to this Academy. By another act,
passed April 11, 1856,³ the sum of $7,500 was appropriated to the
Common School Fund in part payment of this loan.
Bethnel C. Church, 1836-37.
Rev. James R. Irish, 1837-39.
Rev. William C. Kenyon, 1839-46.
Principals.
William C. Kenyon and Ira Sayles, 1847-48.
William C. Kenyon, 1849-57.
Darius Ford, 1857.
Wm. C. Kenyon, A. M., 1858-66.
Jonathan Allen, A. M., Ph. D., D. D., 1867.
Associate Principals
and other Instructors.
Rev. Jonathan Allen, Ph. D., 1845-57.
Rev. James R. Irish, D. D., 1837-45.
Ira Sayles, A. M., 1845-50.
Daniel D. Pickett, Ph. D., 1849-57.
Rev. James Marvin, D. D., 1847-54.
Rev. Darwin E. Maxon, D. D., 1847-57.
Rev. Darius R. Ford, D. D, 1848-57.
Ellen Goodrich Ford, A L., 1853-56.
Rev. Ethan P. Larkin, A..M., 1850-57.
Melissa B. Kenyon, 1840-57.
Orra Stillman, 1847–50.
John R. Hartshorn, M. D., 1843-49.
Gurdon Evans, A. M., 1844-46.
Margaret McCauley Payne, 1846-47.
Serena C. Sayles, A. M., 1847-57.
Sarah Vincent Stillman, 1850-51.
Susan E. Crandall Larkin, A. M., 1851-57.
Ida F. Sallan Kenyon, A. M., 1854-56.
Clarisa C. Livermore, 1856-57.
¹ Laws of 1857, chap. 190, vol. 1, p. 439.
* Laws of 1850, chap. 259, p. 496.
3 Laws of 1856, chap. 163, p. 255.
580
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Preceptresses.
Caroline B Maxon Stillman, 1842-46.
Abigal A. Maxon Allen, 1846-56.
ALMOND ACADEMY. (Almond, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 12, 1870 (Chap. 178, Laws
of 1870). Admitted by Regents January 11, 1872.
A special town meeting was authorized by act of April 13, 1868
(Chap. 119, Laws of 1868) for the purpose of raising by tax the
means for building an Academy and town hall, at a cost of $7,000.
The trustees of the Academy were authorized by act of May 19,
1879, to sell their share in the building at not less than $800, and
the Board of Town Auditors was instructed with reference to re-
pairs and rents. (Chap. 327. Laws of 1879.) The school has been
closed four or five years.
Principals.
Rev. J. S. Bingham, A, B., 1872-75.
L. W. Potter, 1876.
Gurdon Evans, A. M., 1876–78.
AMENIA SEMINARY. (Amenia, Dutchess Co.)
Founded in 1834. Incorporated by the Regents, March 29, 1836.
Sold on a mortgage, and from about 1859 conducted as a private
school. Re-incorporated February 11, 1874. This institution has
had great vicissitudes of prosperity and decline. In 1882 it was a
day school without a boarding department. It has now (1884) forty
boarding pupils. At the time of its re-incorporation in 1874, the
value of its property was reported at $52,500, and the amount of
debt as $14,000.
Frederick Merrick, 1836-37.
Davis W. Clark, 1838-42.
Joseph Cummings, 1843-45.
Erastus O. Haven, 1846-47.
Gilbert Haven, A. M, 1848-50.
John W. Beach, A. M., 1851-53.
Andrew J. Hunt, A. M., 1854-55.
Rev. Cyrus D. Foss, A. B., 1856.
Principals.
Rev. John W, Armstrong, A. M., 1857.
Rev. Andrew J. Hunt, A. M., 1859-69.
Rev. S. P. York (one year).
Rev. Andrew J. Hunt, A. M. (two years).
Samuel T. Frost, A. M. (about 8 years).
E. C. Allen, A. M. (two years).
H. Isbell (two years).
George W. Cook, Ph. D., 1882.
AMES ACADEMY. (Ames, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 22, 1837. (Chap. 236,
Laws of 1837). Admitted by Regents, February 5, 1839.
Silas Chapman, 1838-40.
Gad Lyman, 1841-46
Rev. Phillips Payson, 1847-49.
George W. Newcomb, A. B, 1850.
Seneca Wieting, A. M.. 1851.
Principals.
Rev. Lawrence Mersereau, A. M, 1852-53.
George N. Abbott, A. B., 1854-56.
Rev. Richard S. Amerman, 1857.
S. R. Burnap, A. B., 1857-60.
G. E. Waterman, A. M., 1861-62.
❤
James Yates, 1863.
Jay Champlin, 1864. .
H. C. McKoon, 1865-66.
Edwin Evans, 1867.
Seeley Conover, 1868.
Elsie M. Hodge, 1869.
Seeley Conover, 1870.
A. B. Miller, 1871–76.
S. A. Wessels, 1876-78.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
581
AMSTERDAM ACADEMY. (Amsterdam, Montgomery Co.)
•
The "Amsterdam Female Seminary" was incorporated by the
Legislature March 29, 18391 Changed to "Amsterdam Academy”
April 27, 1865.2 Admitted by Regents February 16, 1841.
By act of March 10, 1882, the trustees were allowed to sell any
real estate they might hold, and apply the proceeds in such manner
as they might deem best.
Rev. Gilbert Morgan, 1840-42.
William McLaven, 1843-44.
David H. Cruttenden, A. M., 1845-47.
Michael P Cavert, A. M., 1848-49.
M. P. Cavert, A. M., 1850-53.
Rev. Samuel Howell, A. M., 1854.
Michael P. Cavert, A. M., 1855-57.
Principals.
Edmond O. Hovey, A. M., 1858-60.
Wm. S. Anmock, A. M., 1861.
Charles C. Wetsell, 1868-73.
W. B. Sims, M. D., 1874-76
Wm. W. Thompson, A. M., 1876-78.
George H. Otway, A. B., 1882.
AMSTERDAM FEMALE SEMINARY.
(See "Amsterdam Academy.”)
ANDES COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Andes, Delaware Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents, July 3, 1862. Not in
existence at the present time.
William Wright, A. M., 1863-64.
Rev. P. Smeallie, A. M., 1865-66.
Principals.
Rev. James Smeallie, 1867-68.
Mrs. Sarah Smeallie, 1869-70.
ANGELICA ACADEMY. (Angelica, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, May 12, 1836. (Chap. 307, Laws
of 1836). Not organized.
An institution of the same name incorporated by the Regents
October 31, 1859. It was distinct from the former.
a year ago.
S. A. Haven, 1860-61.
H. Grunner, A. M., 1862.
W. H. Pitt, A M., 1863-64.
John C. Harkness, 1865-66.
Burned about
Principals.
Charles S. Richardson, A. B., 1867-68.
Wm. D. Taylor, A. B., 1869.
J. E. Bennett, 1870.
ANGOLA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Co.)
Admitted by the Regents, March 1, 1875.
Earl T. Lockland, 1875.
Wm. H. Benedict, A. B., 1876-77.
I Chap. 3, Laws of 1839.
2 Chap. 575, Laws of 1865.
Principals.
Ward D. Platt, 1878-79.
John H. Selden, 1880.
(Angola, Erie
582
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ANTWERP LIBERAL LITERARY INSTITUTE.
(See "Ives Seminary.")
ARCADE ACADEMY. (Arcade, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents, February 20, 1862.
The town authorized to raise $8,000, May 28, 1867, to be paid in
ten equal installments. (Chap. 944, Laws of 1867.)
William M. Benson, A. M., 1865-67.
Joseph W. Snow, 1868.
Rev Wm. H. Rogers, 1869-70.
D. N. Burke, A. B., 1871.
Mary Wright, 1872.
S. M. Doyle, A. B., 1873.
Principals.
George M. Forbes, 1874.
Ralph W. Whelan, A. B., 1875.
George M. Forbes, 1876.
Albert M. Moss, A. B., 1877-78.
Charles Goldsmith, 1880.
ARGYLE ACADEMY. (Argyle, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, May 4, 1841.
Daniel W. Wright, 1841-47.
Principals.
Wm. McLaren, 1864-67.
Jos. McCracken and Charles H. Taylor, 1848. Grenville M. Ingalsbe, A. B., 1868-70-
Joseph McCracken, 1849.
Robert Cruikshank, 1850.
A. G Cochran, A. B., 1851-53.
James S. Dobbin, A. B., 1854-56.
W. R. DeGarmo, 1857-58.
Joseph W. Merriam, A. M, 1859-60.
James Dobbin, A, M., 1861.
W. Wesley Eddy, A. B., 1862.
Miss Sarah L. Thompson, 1863.
Andrew J. McNaught, 1871.
W. H. Sybrandt, 1872.
Geo. D. Slocum, 1873.
Wm. L. Klein, B. S., 1874.
A. Hadley, A B., C. E
1875-76.
George A. Hoadley, A. M., C. E., 1877-79.
Merritt J. Oatman, 1880.
Hiram W. Hunt, A. M., 1881-82.
M. H. Bowman, A. B., 1883.
ASHLAND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
(Not incorporated; see "Hedding Literary Institute.")
ASTORIA INSTITUTE. (Astoria, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, February 13, 1844, upon application
from the wardens and vestry of St. George's church in the village
of Astoria (now a part of "Long Island City"). The trustees had
erected a building at a cost of $8,500. The sum of $2,000 had been
contributed by Alexander U. Stevens, John Jacob Astor and others,
in 1839, for the establishment of an Academy, and joined in the ap-
plication for a charter.
John W. Brown, 1843.
Principals.
Marshall Whiting and John W. Brown, 1844-47.
Marshall Whiting and R. B. Hunter, 1848.
ATTICA UNION FREE SCHOOL AND ACADEMY. (Attica, Wyoming Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.¹ Incorporated
¹ Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
583
by the Regents, January 10, 1867, An act to change and fix the
number of trustees, (chap. 217, Laws of 1872.)
Julietta Cooley, 1867.
Rev. Granville C. Waterman, 1868.
Principals.
Lyman Gregory, 1869.
Thomas B. Lovell, A. M., 1870.
AUBURN ACADEMY. (Auburn, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, February 14, 1815. On the 20th of
April, 1825,¹ lot 88, in Sterling township was granted (except fifty
acres in northwest corner), but by an amendment of April 8, 1826,2
the sum of $1,002, with interest at six per cent since former act, was
given in lieu of land. By another act of April 17, 1827,³ the sum
of $2,000 was granted, upon release of claims to land, and the act of
1826 was repealed. The quorum of trustees was reduced to five,
April 18, 1838.4
After being run for several years this Academy ceased to make re-
ports. It was, however, reorganized under chapter 433, Laws of
1853, and continued until its building and property was transferred
to the Common School system, for use as the Academic department
under the name of the "Auburn Academic High School." "
Noble D. Strong, A. M., 1822–23.
John A. Savage, 1824.
John C. Rudd, D. D., 1826-29.
Oliver S. Taylor, 1830-31.
Allen Fisk, 1833-35.
William Hopkins, 1836-53.
J. T. Cary, A. B., 1854-55.
Principals.
Rufus Sheldon, 1856-59.
George W. Lawton, A. M., 1860.
Charles D. Lawston, A. M., 1861-64.
Charles W. Bowen, A. M., 1865-66.
Warren Higley, A. M., 1867-68.
E. A. Charlton, A. M., 1869.
AUBURN ACADEMIC HIGH SCHOOL. (Auburn, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, March 19, 1866 (Chap. 176, Laws
of 1866). A Free School system under a Board of Education was
established in 1850, but without a High School until 1866.
Warren Higley, 1866-67.
E. A. Charlton, A. M., 1868.
John E. Meyer, A. M, 1870-78.
1 Chap. 266, Laws of 1825.
2 Chap. 128, Laws of 1826.
8
3 Chap. 329, Laws of 1827.
* Chap. 331, Laws of 1838.
Principals.
Charles R Williams, A M., 1879.
Byron Wells, A. M., 1880-81.
E. T. Tomilson, A. M., 1882.
5 An account of this institution is given in Hall's History of Auburn, p. 100.
The building erected in 1811, by the "Auburn School Association" (merged in the
Academy in 1815) was burned in 1816, but rebuilt on the same site in 1823
584
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
AUBURN FEMALE SEMINARY. (Auburn, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 8, 1838 (Chap. 279, Laws
of 1838). Admitted by Regents, February 11, 1840. Building
burned in 1849, and rebuilt. Act amended and a new set of trus-
tees appointed July 21, 1853 (Chap. 624, Laws of 1853).
John H. Wilson, 1839-41.
Rev. J. M. Scribner, 1842-43.
Principals.
AUGUSTA ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Regents,
about the year 1878.1
George R. Rudd, 1844 47.
J. W. Walcott, A. B., 1848-49.
(Augusta, Oneida Co.)
February 28, 1842. Discontinued
Annie M. Sykes, 1849.
Sophia E. Wilson, 1850.
George Robertson, 1851.
William J. Knox, A. B.,' 1852.
O. W Skinner, 1853
William J. Knox, A. B., 1854.
Joseph E. Tinker, 1855.
John Kilbourn, A. M., 1856-57.
O H. Warren, 1858.
Miss Mary E. Parker, 1859.
Frank C. Gillett, 1860.
Miss Mary E. Parker, 1861.
Samuel S. Chase, A. B., 1862.
Principals.
Miss Mary E. Parker, 1863.
Miss Anna M. Parmalee, 1864-5.
P. S. Newkirk, 1866.
Fanny M. Kellogg, 1867.
Charles G. Baldwin, 1868
M. Louise Hovey, 1869.
Jay M. Jewett, 1870.
W. H. De Shon, 1871.
Geo. W. Miles, 1872.
Charles E. Allen, 1873.
James Winne, 1875.
Sylvia A. Light, 1876.
Harmon J. Kneeland, 1877–78.
AURORA ACADEMY. (East Aurora, Erie Co.)
As one of the enterprises undertaken abont fifty years ago, with
the idea of combining labor with education, the Legislature on the
10th of April, 1833,2 incorporated the
AURORA MANUAL LABOR SEMINARY.
After proving unsuccessful under this form, it was changed by
act of April 16, 1838,3 to the "Aurora Academy," and allowed to
¹ In 1834 the sum of about $2,100 was raised for the establishment of an Acad-
emic school at Augusta Centre, and a commodious stone building was erected.
The school went into successful operation, and in 1840, the sum of $400 was
raised for books and apparatus. The form of this building was peculiar, its
front being semi-circular, while the rear wall was straight. In Jones' History of
Oneida County, published in 1851, it is stated that Melville Adams, Rev. Benjamin
Lockwood, Robert Bradshaw, J. Manross, Hewitt Bronson, G. L. Hall, Rev. Sam-
uel Whaley, A. K. Eaton and C. Percival had been principals. Mr. Hall taught
successfully during seven years.
2 Chap. 301, Laws of 1832.
3 Chap. 228, Laws of 1838.
By an act passed May 1, 1864, (chap. 573) the Supervisor of Aurora was author-
ized to borrow on the credit of the town the sum of $6,000 for rebuilding the
Academy; to be repaid in equal annual installments by tax.
This was not to be
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
585
share in the Literature Fund, upon complying with the rules of the
Regents. Admitted January 29, 1839, and continued as an Academy
until merged in Union Free School District No. 1; of Aurora, as
the East Aurora Union School, Academic Department."
Hiram H. Barney, 1838-47.
C. Littlefield, A. B., 1849-51.
James M. Harlow, A. M., 1852.
H. L. Ward, A. M., 1853-59.
George Conant, 1860-66.
Mary Stratton, A. B., 1875,
Charles W. Merritt, A. B., 1867-74.
Principals.
Donald J. Sinclair, A. M., 1876.
George A. Gary, 1876 77.
Donald J. Sinclair, 1877.
George A. Gary, 1878.
Charles W. Merritt, A. M., 1880-81.
Leslie W. Lake, 1882.
AUSABLE FORKS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Ausable
Forks, Clinton and Essex Counties.)
Admitted by the Regents November 16, 1883.
AVON ACADEMY (Avon, Livingston Co.).
Incorporated by the Legislature April 30, 1836.¹
Eunice Stevens, 1840.
Joanna D. Appleton, 1841.
Principals.
Wm. S. Curtis and Clarissa L. Curtis, 1842.
Mrs. Anna C. Strong, 1843-44.
AVON UNION SCHOOL ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Avon, Livingston Co.)
Succeeded the Academy and admitted by the Regents July 12,
1881.
•
Reuben J. Wallace, 1881.
Principals.
BAINBRIDGE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Bainbridge,
Chenango Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents January 8, 1874.
E. W. Rogers, 1874-76.
Principals.
Willis D. Graves, 1880.
A. G. Kilmer, 1876-79.
BALDWINSVILLE (FREE) ACADEMY. (Baldwinsville, Onondaga Co.)
School District No. 2, of Lysander, and 18 of Van Buren, were
by act of March 30, 1864,2 erected into a Union Free School Dis-
done unless first approved at a special election appointed for the purpose; but no
such election was held, and this sum was not raised by tax. A tax of $1,500 was
authorized April 21, 1868 (chap. 262) to complete building and pay off indebted-
ness, in accordance with a viva voce vote at a town meeting previously held.
1 Chap. 209, Laws of 1836. Admitted by Regents February 27, 1841.
2 Chap. 94, Laws of 1864.
47
586
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
trict, and on the 27th of July, 1864, the school was admitted by the
Regents. On the 19th of April, 1867, the Board of Education was
allowed to borrow $17,500 for the erection of a school-house for the
Academic Department.¹
L. A. Cheney, A. M., 1865-66.
W. A. Welch, 1867.
L. H. Cheney, A. M., 1868.
Principals.
Abner E. Lasher, 1869-76.
Robert J. Round, A. M., 1876-79.
BALL SEMINARY.
(See "Hoosick Falls Union School.")
BALLSTON ACADEMY. (Ballston, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, March 21, 1808. Burned twice
(the last time in 1866) and abandoned.
Richard Warn, 1817.
Daniel Waterbury, 1818.
Principals.
Artimus Bishop and G. W L. Smith, 1819.
Wm. Robertson, 1820.
Joseph Myers and John Moore, 1821.
John Moore and Theodorus Romaine, 1822.
Theodorus Romaine, 1823.
James Proudfit, 1824.
BATAVIA FEMALE ACADEMY. (Batavia, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by act of March 5, 1838.2 Admitted by the Re-
gents, February 5, 1839.
Eliza M. Mason, 1838-39.
Principals.
Ruth Beardsley, 1841-42.
@
Clarissa Brittain, 1840.
BATAVIA UNION SCHOOL. (Batavia, Genesee Co.)
First formed by a consolidation of districts in 1841. Organized
November 3, 1853, under general act of June 18, 1853, as." Batavia
Union Free School District No. 2." (Chap. 433, Laws of 1853).
Admitted by Regents, February 26, 1861.3
1 Chap. 457, Laws of 1867.
2 Chap. 55, Laws of 1858.
3 In 1872 plans for an extensive school building on the most approved arrange-
ment were prepared by A. J. Warner, of Rochester, and the building was
erected in 1872-74. It is eighty-five feet front, 115 feet deep and three stories
high, each corner being flanked by a tower containing staircases for separate en-
trances of boys and girls. The internal arrangements, heating, ventilation, etc.,
are carefully planned, and with very successful result. The contract for erection
fixed the cost at $40,840. To this $25,000 in addition was voted in October
1873. The building was opened September 1, 1874, with appropriate dedication
exercises, and an address was delivered by Dr. S. B. Woolworth, Secretary of
the Regents.
In October 1874, the district voted the further sum of $5,000 for grading,
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
587
N. F. Wright, A. M., 1861-66.
Principals.
Gardner Fuller, A. M., 1867-84.
BATH-ON-THE-HUDSON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT (Bath-
on-the-Hudson, Rensselaer Co.).
Admitted by the Regents January 13, 1876. This was Union
Free School District, No. 6, of North Greenbush.
John S. Powell, 1876–78.
Principals. ·
Hiram B. Wilkes, 1882-.
BEDFORD ACADEMY. (Bedford, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 8, 1826 (Chap. 129, Laws
of 1826). Not admitted by the Regents.¹
BEDFORD FEMALE INSTITUTE. (Bedford, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents, April 12, 1855. In
1858, Mr. Robert Bolton and lady opened this institute as a Young
Ladies' Boarding and Day Seminary. They remained fourteen
years. In 1871 or 1872, Mr. and Mrs. Phillips assumed the school,
and within two years were succeeded by the Rev. J. J. Cone and
lady, who remained about five years. Since 1880 it has not been in
operation, and proceedings have been instituted within the past year
for the sale of the property. Reports have not been made to the
Regents.
planting and ornamenting the grounds. The whole was completed including all
expenses, at a cost of $75,026.97. The ordinary expenses of the school amount
to nearly $8,000 a year which is raised by tax upon property assessed in 1876 at
about $2,225,000. Prof. Fuller was in 1883 appointed Principal and Superin-
tendent.
¹ This Academy was organized in 1807; a building erected in 1808, and a school
begun June 6, 1809. It was kept as a proprietary school until 1826. The prin-
cipals have been: Rev. Daniel Crocker, John Austin Crocker (son of the former),
Benjamin C. Meigs, Thomas F. Davis, John Ingersoll, Peter Smith, Samuel Rob-
inson, Rev. Charles F. Butler (1816-17), Samuel L. Holmes (1817-30), Hugh
Stockton Banks (1830-35), Vredenburg, Joseph C. Howe, (1837-42), Rev. O.
S. Stearnes, D. D. (1842-44), Horace Reed (1844-46), Odle Close, A. Williamson
(1847-52), Jas. W. Husted (1852–56), Henry Jones (1856-59), Jared P. Hoyt (1859–
60), Miss Elizabeth Reynolds (1860–62), Daniel L. Dusenberre (1862–70), Alexander
G. Reynolds, George H. Sutton (1870-73), Rev. A. H. Sloat (1873-75), Samuel
Jones Peck (1875–77), C. Le Roy Wheeler (1877-79), G. F. Williams, Jr. (1879–84).
Present principal, Miss Mary E. Nash. (Hist. of Bedford Acad., prepared by five
lady pupils, 1877).
588
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
BERNEVILLE ACADEMY AND FEMALE SEMINARY. (Berne, Albany Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, March 8, 1833 (Chap. 51, Laws
of 1833). Preparations were made for building, but a financial fail-
ure involving many persons prevented its erection, or any organiza-
tion under this act.
BETHANY ACADEMY. (Bethany, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, March 29, 1841 (Chap. 76, Laws
of 1841). Admitted by Regents, February 28, 1842). Discontinued
from want of patronage about the year 1872.
James M. Blakesly, 1841.
Josiah Harty, 1842 44
Robert Finley, 1845.
Perez Brown, 1846–47.
S. V. Benchley, 1848.
1
Principals.
Charles Ray, A. B., 1850.
Perez Brown, A. B., 1851-52.
Rev. Hallock Armstrong, A. M., 1853-55.
Henry R. Thayer, A. B., 1856 57.
E. W. Marsh, 1864-65.
BINGHAMTON ACADEMY.
(See "Binghamton Central High School.")
BINGHAMTON CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL. (Binghamton, Broome Co.)
The “Binghamton Academy” was incorporated by the Regents,
August 23, 1842, and conducted for many years as an Academy. It
ceased August 6, 1861, by being merged in a Union School district
created by an act passed April 19, 1861.¹ This act divided the city
into five commissioners' districts, and provided for the election of
one commissioner in each, after the first, who were named in the
act.
These commissioners were empowered to organize a High School
or Academy, in connection with the Common School system, and
this when organized might, upon compliance with the rules of the
Regents, be admitted to share in the Literature Fund. The Trustees
of Binghamton Academy were authorized to convey their property
to the Board of Education, and new buildings might be erected, by
tax, when authorized by a vote of the tax-payers of the Union dis-
trict.
By an act passed March 30, 1870,2 the common council might bor-
row the sum of $75,000 for the purpose of purchasing a site for a
High School, and the erection and furnishing of buildings thereon.
The further sum of $25,000 might be borrowed, under act of April
1 Chap. 322, Laws of 1861.
2 Chap. 126, Laws of 1870.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
589
12, 1872,¹ if approved at a special election to be held for that pur
pose.
The present High School building was erected in 1871-2, and the
Academic department is now known as the "Binghamton Central
High School."
John H. Wilson, 1842-43.
Eben M. Rollo, 1844-47.
Gideon W. Davenport, 1848.
Alonzo Phelps, A. M., 1849-52.
Isaac G. Ogden, A. B., 1853-55.
Frederick S. Lyon, A. M., 1856-58.
Dewitt C. Vosburg, A. M., 1859-61.
Principals.
D. H. Cruttenden, A. M., 1862–63.
George Jackson, A. M., 1864–71.
Edward S. Frisbee, 1872–75.
R. B. Clark, 1876.
Charles A. Fowler, A. B., 1876-79.
Eliot R. Payson, Á. B., 1880.
BLACK RIVER CONFERENCE SEMINARY.
See ("Ives Seminary.")
BLACK RIVER LITERARY AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE.
See ("Watertown High School.")
BLOOMING GROVE ACADEMY. (Blooming Grove, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, April 1, 1811. After being closed
for some eight years, the Academy was opened in 1869, and during
four or five years it was quite successful. It had however a merely
local influence, being a Parish Select School. A new graded school
at Washingtonville has taken its place. The old Academy building
remains, being used only occasionally for religious meetings, etc.
Principals.
Nathaniel Webb, 1821.
J. Livingston Van Dozen, 1822.
Hector Moffatt, 1823.
BOONVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Boonville,
Oneida Co.)
Admitted by the Regents, July 12, 1881.
Charles J. Buell, LL. B., 1881-82.
Principals.
George V. Gorton, A. M., 1883.
BRIDGE HAMPTON LITERARY AND COMMERCIAL INSTITUTE. (Bridge
Hampton, Suffolk Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, November 23, 1875.
Principal.
Lewis W. Hallock, A. B., 1876
¹ Chap. 221, Laws of 1872.
590
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
BRIDGEWATER ACADEMY. (Bridgewater, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 8, 18261 (Chap. 123, Laws
of 1826). Admitted by Regents, April 16, 1828. Discontinued
about 1840, the building having become old and dilapidated and the
patronage much reduced.
Andrew Thompson, 1828-29.
Samuel Cammiel, 1830.
Aaron P. Allen, 1831.
W. Whiffen, 1833.
Principals.
Hiram Wheeler, 1833.
Thomas J. Ruger and Henry O. Southworth,
1836.
Henry O. Southworth, 1837.
BROCKPORT COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Brockport, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, February 15, 1842. Established
in the building begun by the "Brockport College" of 1836, but
not otherwise connected with it.
Succeeded by the "Brockport Normal and Training School"
in 1866.
Julius Bates, 1842–44.
Oliver Morehouse, 1845-46,
Jacob C Tooker, 1847-48.
J. G. K. Truair, A. M., 1849-52.
N. P. Stanton, Jr., A. M., 1853-54.
Principals.
A. J. Ensign, A. B., 1856
David Burbank, A. M., LL. D., 1857-61.
Rev. P. J. Williams, A. M., 1862-63.
M. McVicar, A. M., 1864.
BROOKFIELD ACADEMY.
(See Brookfield Union School, Academic Department.)
BROOKFIELD UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Brookfield,
Madison Co.)
An Academy was incorporated by the Regents, April 17, 1847,
and continued until merged in the "Brookfield Union School
Academic Department." This was admitted by the Regents, January
9, 1880.
Lodewick C. York, 1847.
Philander S. Woods, 1848.
Riley Taylor, 1849.
Myron M. Goodenough, A. B., 1850-51.
Lodewick C. York, 1852-53.
Daniel M. Haggert, A. B., 1854-55.
A. R. Cornwall, 1856.
Ferris Scott, 1857-58.
G. Jeffrey, 1860-62.
Principals.
R. W. Wickwine, 1863-64.
Edwin Whitford, 1866-67.
A. A. Richmond, 1868.
Wm. D. Williams, 1869.
Mrs. Julia Babcock, 1870.
E. Sophia Saunders, 1873.
James H. Messenger, 1874-76.
Lymau M. Blakeman, 1876.
¹ This building, erected in 1826, cost about $2,500 and was provided with a
respectable set of apparatus. For the first ten years this Academy averaged about
100 pupils, and maintained a high standing, when it declined and died out.
Another school (not incorporated) was instituted in December, 1847, under the
name of the “Bridgewater Seminary." In May 1849 it was changed to the “ Bridge
water Female Seminary," which in 1850 had ninety pupils, and was under the
charge of the Rev. D. W. Smith. (Jones' Hist. Oneida Co., p. 129).
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
591
BROOKLYN COLLEGIATE AND POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. (Brooklyn,
Kings Co.)
Al-
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents, April 7, 1857.
lowed by act of March 10, 1857,¹ to increase its capital stock to not
over $100,000, and to be entitled to all the rights of an Academy.
The right of conferring the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, and
Bachelor of Sciences, was conferred upon this institution in 1869.
John H. Raymond, LL. D., 1857-63
Principals.
David H. Cochran, Ph. D., LI. D., 1864.
BROOKLYN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES. (Brooklyn,
Kings Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 23, 1829 (Chap. 219,
Laws of 1829). A stock company; shares, $100. Capital, $30,000.
Not admitted by the Regents.
BROOKLYN FEMALE ACADEMY. (Brooklyn, Kings Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, May 8, 1845 (Chap. 147, Laws of
1845.) Admitted by Regents, January 14, 1847. Allowed to sell
property to pay debts, February 12, 1853 (Chap. 5, Laws of 1853):
Succeeded by the "Packer Collegiate Institute," March 19, 1853
(Chap. 23, Laws of 1853). The building was burned about 1853.
Alonzo Crittenden, A. M., 1846-51.
Principal.
BROOME ACADEMY. (Union, Broome Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 30, 1839 (Chap. 331,
Laws of 1839). Not organized.
BROWNVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY. (Brownville, Jefferson Co.)
Formed in pursuance of articles dated October 15, 1849, by which
subscriptions were invited at $50 a share, for the purpose of raising
$3,000.· Chartered by the Regents, November 28, 1849, and admit-
ted to a participation in the Literature Fund, January 9, 1860. Did
not report to the Regents. First preceptress, Miss Mary F. Bloom-
field, who was succeeded by Miss H. M. Foster, and later by Rev.
George B. Eastman. It was both a boarding and day school, and
chiefly under Episcopal management. Discontinued.
Chap. 88, Laws of 1857.
592
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
BUFFALO ACADEMY AND LITERARY INSTITUTE. (Buffalo, Erie
66
Co.)
Reported under this name in 1829 and 1831. Probably the
Buffalo High School Association."
BUFFALO CENTRAL SCHOOL. (Buffalo, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1861 (Chap. 272,
Laws of 1861). Admitted by Regents, January 9, 1862.
Principals.
Oliver Arey, 1861-64.
Ray T. Spencer, A. M., Ph. D., 1865.
BUFFALO FEMALE ACADEMY. (Buffalo, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, October 14, 1851.
Charles E. West, LL. D., 1852-60.´
Principals.
Rev. Albert T. Chester, D. D., 1861.
BUFFALO FEMALE SEMINARY. (Buffalo, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 23, 1831.¹ Not admitted
by the Regents.
>-
BUFFALO HIGH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION.
(See "Buffalo Literary and Scientific Institute.")
2
BUFFALO LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE. (Buffalo, Erie Co.)
In 1827 an academic school was organized in Buffalo, uuder the
name of the "Buffalo High School Association," and incorporated
by the Legislature on the 17th of April of that year. It was
changed to the "Buffalo Literary and Scientific Academy," Feb-
ruary 12, 1830,³ and continued until dissolved by an act passed April
-21, 1846.4
James M Kay, 1829
Theodosius Burwell, 1831-33.
Principals.
Cyrus M. Fay, 1840-45,
1 Chap. 227, Laws of 1831, Report on petition for incorporation. Assem. Doc.
No. 293, 1831,
2 Chap. 330, Laws of 1827. Act amended April 25, 1829 (Chap. 232, Laws of
1829) with respect to forfeiture of shares.
3 Chap. 32, Laws of 1830.
4 Chap. 88, Laws of 1846.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
593
CAMBRIDGE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Cambridge,
Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, March 30, 1815, as the "Cambridge
Washington, Academy." Merged in the "Cambridge Union School,
Academic Department," and received under the Regents August
27, 1873.
David Chassell, 1817.
Rev. Alex. Bullions, 1818.
David Chassell, 1819.
Rev. Nathaniel S. Prine, 1821-22.
Principals,
Charles H. Gardner, A. B, 1852-53.
John H. Burtis, A. B., 1854.
Daniel M. Westfall, 1855.
Alden P. Beals, A. M., 1856-64.
Rev. Nath'l S. Prine and Ira Dickinson, 1823. William S. Aumock, A. M., 1865-67.
Rev. Nathaniel S. Prine, 1824-31.
William D. Beattie, 1833-38.
Addison Lyman, 1839-40.
Russell M. Wright, 1841.
Rev. Thomas C McLawrey, 1842.
Ephraim H. Newton, 1843-47.
Rev. Andrew M. Beveridge, A. B., 1848-49.
Charles S. Robinson, A. B., 1850-1.
Rev. George J. Taylor, 1868.
David March, Jr., 1869.
John P. Lansing, A. M., 1871,
Amelia Merriam, 1872.
James McCloy, 1874-75.
James L. King, 1876-77.
Merritt J. Oatman, 1878-79.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1880.
CAMBRIDGE WASHINGTON, ACADEMY.
(See "Cambridge Union School, Academic Department.”)
CAMDEN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Camden,
Oneida Co.)
Admitted by the Regents, January 10, 1879.
Principals,
John H. Kelly, 1879-81.
Frank D. Budlong, 1882.
CANAJOHARIE ACADEMY.
(See "Canajoharie Union School, Academic Department.
""
CANAJOHARIE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Canajoharie,
Montgomery Co.)
The "Canajoharie Academy" was incorporated by the Legisla-
ture, April 13, 1826.¹ Admitted by the Regents, February 26,
1828. The town allowed to raise the sum of $2,500 by tax in aid of
this Academy, April 12, 1867.2 Merged in the "
Merged in the "Canajoharie
Union School, Academic Department," which was organized August
22, 1876, occupying the former Academic building. Admitted by
Regents, July 11, 1877.
Samuel S Caldwell, 1827-28.
Abner Benedict, 1829.
Adam B. Bullock, 1830.
Edward W. Canning, 1831.
William Parker, 1833-36.
Charles Wadsworth, 1837-38.
Adam B. Bullock, 1839-40.
Franklin Everett, 1841-43.
1 Chap. 167, Laws of 1826.
2 Chap. 382, Laws of 1867.
Principals.
Daniel B. Hager, 1844-48.
T. Bibb Bradley, 1849
Elias B Glen, A. B., 1850-51.
Marshall Ingalls, A. M., 1852-54
Jacob Wilson, A M., 1865–67.
I. B. Chote, A M., 1868-70.
R. P. Orr, A. M., 1878-80.
Charles F. Wheelock, B. S., 1881
75
594
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CANANDAIGUA ACADEMY. (Canandaigua, Ontario Co.)
On the 28th of January, 1791, Nathaniel Gorham and Oliver
Phelps, the owners of vast tracts of land in Ontario and other coun-
ties, gave 6,000 acres of land, for the establishing an Academy at
Township 10, in the Second Range (now Canandaigua).
On the 4th of May, 1795, the Regents granted a charter to an
Academy at Canandaigua, and by a subsequent deed dated January
1, 1799, explanatory of the former, the lands were expressly given
to this Academy.¹
The subscriptions in lands and money, when converted into cash,
amounted to $4,581, although the land itself had been estimated by
Mr. Oliver Phelps at $25,000. An Academic school was opened in
the spring of 1803, in a new building, and from that time onward
the Academy has had uninterrupted existence.
In May, 1812, a committee was appointed to memorialize the
Legislature and urge the claims of the Academy to be erected into
a College, but the journals of that year do not show that the appli-
cation was made. In 1833-5 the building was remodeled and en-
larged, covered with brick, raised one story, and extended by wings
east and west, forming a large, finely proportioned and well arranged
building for school and family purposes.
This revival of interest was awakened by Mr. Henry Howe, the
principal, who remained in charge until 1849. In 1853, Mr. N. T.
Clarke became principal, and continued until 1882. In a history of
the Academy published in the catalogue of 1876, Mr. Clarke gives
many details of the early years of the institution, and statistics of
its operations during the long period of his connection with it. He
1 In this deed he declared, that it was the original intention and mutual agree-
ment of the grantors "that part of the lands conveyed in the aforesaid deed
should be exclusively appropriated to the purpose of promoting in the minds of
the youth to be educated at said Academy, an ardent attachment to National lib-
erty and the just rights of man; and also to the purpose of assisting to raise up
humble merit depressed by poverty, to a condition of extensive usefulness to the
community."
The
The sum of twenty dollars a year was accordingly set apart as a prize for the
best oration on The transcendent excellence of a genuine Representative Gov-
ernment, effectually securing equal liberty, founded on the rights of man."
residue of the profits arising from the lands was to be exclusively applied "toward
educating such young men as having bright intellects and amiable dispositions,
bid fair to be useful members of the community, but from the incompetency of
their resources are unable, without assistance from the fund hereby appropriated,
to acquire a suitable share of literary information to enable them to do extensive
good to their fellow men."
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
595
estimated that more than 7,000 persons had been taught in the Acad-
emy, of whom more than 500 had gone from thence to College, or to
higher professional schools. He presented a summary of the subse-
quent employments of the seventy-two teachers who had been asso-
ciated with him, often as a first step to something higher.
The Academy in 1830 first organized a teachers' class, and since
that time nearly five hundred young men had entered that depart-
ment, and four-fifths of this number under Mr. Clarke's instruction.
At the beginning of the war in 1861, the greatest enthusiasm was
felt among the students, and so many of them enlisted, that but few
young men were left. Teachers and scholars went together, and in
one class in particular, but one was left, but only because he was too
young for enlistment. In 1866, two teachers and twenty-three pu-
pils were returned soldiers.
Dudley Saltonstall, 1806-7.
Rev. Eliphalet B Coleman, 1808-9.
Nathaniel Jacob, Jr., 1810-11.
N. Jacob, Jr., and Church, 1812-13.
William Howes, 1813.
Rev. Ezra Wilber,
Rev. Jas. Stevenson, 1818.
Principals.
Ichabod Spencer.
George Wilson.
Henry Howe, 1828-49.
George Willson and N. T. Clarke, 1849.
Marcus Willson, 1849–53.
Noah T. Clarke, A. M, Ph. D., 1853-82.
George R. Smith, A. M., 1883
CANASERAGA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Canaseraga,
Allegany Co.)
Admitted by the Regents, January 9, 1880.
D. D. Babcock, 1880.
Principals.
Marvin L. Spooner, A. M., 1881.
CANASTOTA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Canastota,
Madison Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853. (Chap. 433,
Laws of 1853). Admitted by Regents January 13, 1871.
Aaron White, A. M., 1871-79.
Principals.
James Winnie, A. M., 1880.
CANDOR FREE ACADEMY. (Candor, Tioga Co.)
Organized under act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of 1864).
Admitted by Regents, January 12, 1871.
Lemuel D. Vose, 1871-73.
Leroy D. Farnham, 1874-79.
George L. Graham, 1879-80.
Principals.
Charles B. Van Wie, 1881.
Henry H. Roberts, Ph. B., 1882.
596
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CANISTEO ACADEMY. (Canisteo, Steuben Co.)
Incorporated by Regents, March 16, 1868. The town of Canisteo
was authorized by act of May 5, 1868,¹ to raise $1,000 in aid of this
Academy, and thereafter such sums as might be voted for this pur-
pose.
Rev. J. S. Bingham, 1871-73.
Ira Sayles, A. M., 1874.
Principals.
Wellington Lamont, A. M., 1875-76.
D. M. Estee, A. M., 1876.
CANTON ACADEMY.
(See "Canton Union School, Academic Department.")
CANTON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Canton, St. Law-
rence Co.)
Preliminary measures begun May 16, 1831, for the organization
of "Canton Academy." On the 8th of May 1835,2 a tax of $500
upon the town was authorized to be invested in a mortgage, and the
interest applied toward the support of a classical school, “hereto-
fore known as the Canton Academy." A similar tax annually for
three years was authorized April 4, 1837,3 the proceeds to be paid to
Trustees of Gospel and School lot, for benefit of Academy. Incor-
porated by act of April 24, 1837. By act of April 12, 1842,5 the
sum of $250 a year might be raised. Admitted by the Regents,
January 23, 1840.
Merged in the Canton Union School Academic Department under
chapter. 555, Laws of 1864.
George H. Wood, 1838-41.
David Black, 1841-42
Sanford Halbert, 1842-43.
Charles Williams, 1843-44.
Franklin Wood, 1844-48.
Edward W. Johnson, 1848-49.
Abel Wood, A. B., 1849-50.
Franklin Wood, A. M., 1850–52.
Edward M. Johnson, A. B., 1853-56.
J. B. Ellis, A. M., 1857.
E. W. Johnson, A. M., 1858-59.
Principals.
CARLISLE SEMINARY.
Henry F. C. Nichols, A. M., 1860-61.
James W. Grush, A. M., 1862-64.
Wm. F. Ball, 1865-66.
Wm. A. Ely, 1867-68.
H. R. Burrington, A. M., 1869-70.
John S. Miller, A. B., 1871.
W. W. Thompson, 1872.
A. P. Stowell, 1873-75.
9
N. W. Evans, 1876-78.
Frank McCloskey, A. M., 1879.
John E. Cheethan, 1880.
(Carlisle, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents, October 23, 1853, and
built by a stock company, at a cost of $24,000. It was opened in
November, 1853, and closed in March, 1855. It had accommoda-
tions for about 300 boarders.
1
¹ Chap. 610, Laws of 1868.
2 Chap. 241, Laws of 1835.
3 Chap. 151, Laws of 1837.
4 Chap. 251, Laws of 1837.
5
Chap. 281, Laws of 1842.
•
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
597
CARTHAGE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Carthage, Jef
ferson Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents June 2, 1871. Continued as an acad-
emic school until the building was burned in the great fire in Carth-
age, October 20, 1884, which destroyed every school-house in the
village.
Melville Morse, 1872.
Principals.
Rev. J. Dunbar Houghton, A. M., 1873-75.
A. H. Brown, 1875-79.
B. W. Purcell, 1880.
A. H. Brown, 1881.
Frank E. Arthur, A. B.. 1882.
Dayton P. Stowell, 1883.
CARY COLLEGIATE SEMINARY.
(Oakfield, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, May 16, 1849.
Werden Reynolds, 1845.
Benjamin B. Richards, 1846-47.
Carleton P. Maples, 1848.
Rev. Bela Fancher, 1849-50.
Elizur N. Manley, 1851.
Marion M. Baldwin, 1852-53.
Principals.
G. C. V. Eastman, A. M., 1857-60.
A. E. Burt, 1861.
H. V. Gardner, A. M., 1862-64.
Rev. James Coe, A. M., 1865-74.
Melville A. Kellogg, 1875-76.
Rev. Charles H. Kellogg, 1876-78.
Marion M Baldwin and Donald G. Fraser, A. Rev. H. M Brown, A. B., 1879-81.
M., 1854-55.
Donald G. Fraser, A. M., 1856.
Reginald H. Coe, A. B., 1882.
CASTILE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Castile,
Wyoming Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864. Admitted by Re-
gents, October 31, 1873.
J. S Forbes, 1874.
G. W. F. Buck, 1875.
Principals.
J. S. Forbes, 1876.
H. H. Snell, 1876.
CATSKILL ACADEMY.
(Catskill, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, March 12, 1804. Known at an early
period as "Union Hall of Catskill."
Principals. (Imperfect List)
Rev. Richard Bradford (of Oxford),.1804-5.
Rev. John Reed, 1806.
Hezekiah Woodruff, 1810.
Ashbald Strong, 1812.
Joseph Whiteby, 1813-14.
John B. Whitesby, 1816.
CATSKILL CLASSICAL SCHOOL. (Catskill, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, April 25, 1832.2 No reports re-
ceived.
I
CATSKILL FEMALE SEMINARY. (Catskill, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature, March 24, 1820.3 Not organized.
Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
2 Chap. 284, Laws of 1832.
3 Chap. 106, Laws of 1820.
598
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CATSKILL FREE ACADEMY. (Catskill, Greene Co.)
Organized under chapter 433, Laws of 1853. Admitted by the
Regents, January 10, 1868.
S. B. Howe, A. B., 1867.
Rev. W. C. McCarthy, A. M., 1868-69.
Wm. P. McLaury, 1870-73.
Principals.
James Barkley, 1874-76.
George W. Cawkins, A. M., 1876-81.
James V. D. Ayers, A. M., 1882—
CAYUGA ACADEMY.
(See "Cayuga Lake Academy.")
CAYUGA LAKE ACADEMY. (Aurora, Cayuga Co.)
Cayuga Academy was incorporated by the Regents, March 23,
1801. Received a grant of 275 acres from the North part of lot 86,
in Scipio, March 21, 1806.¹ Lot 36, in Aurelius, was granted to
the Academies of Cayugn county in 1813.2 It being found that the
latter had been given to Union College, lot 89, in Cato, was given
March 25, 1814.3 Number of trustees reduced to nine, of whom
three were to be chosen annually. The qualifications and quorum
of trustees were defined May 26, 1853.5 Changed to "Cayuga
Lake Academy," January 13, 1860.
John Ely, 1803.
4
Principals. (Imperfect list.)
Rev. Hezekiah N. Woodruff, A. M., 1804-6.
Ephraim G. Swift, A. B, 1807.
John Kirby, 1808.
William Howes, 1811-13.
Solomon Strong, A. B, 1814-15.
Mason O Fitch, A. B, 1817.
Medad Pomeroy, A. B, 1817-18.
Daniel Page, 1819.
Salmon Strong, A. B., 1820-28.
Edwin Stevens, 1829.
Salem Town, 1830-34.
Lewis Bixby, 1837-38.
James T. Foster, 1839.
George W. Schenck, 1840.
Edward Cooper, 1841-42.
CAZENOVIA SEMINARY.
George B. Glendening, 1843-44.
Charles J. Brundige, 1845-46.
R. M. Wanzer, 1847.
Isaac Gray, 1848-50.
Ira M. Simpson, 1851
Charles L. Porter, A. M., 1852-53.
Westel Willoughby, A. B., 1854-55.
Rollin C. Welch, A. M, 1856.
Rev W. C. Boyce, A. M., 1857-58.
D. L. Parmlee, A. M., 1859-63.
Warren Higley, A. B, 1864-66.
J. W Stevens, A. M., 1867-68.
Warren Higley, A. M., 1869.
Charles Kelsey, A. M., 1870-80.
Charles K. Hoyt, 1881.
(Cazenovia, Madison Co.)
A Methodist institution under the name of the "Seminary of
the Genesee Conference," was incorporated by the Legislature April
6, 1825.6 Admitted by Regents, January 29, 1829. Changed March
24, 18297 to "The Seminary of the Genesee and Oneida Confer-
1 Chap. 73, Laws of 1806.
2 Chap. 199, Laws of 1812-13.
3 Chap. 71, Laws of 1814.
7
4 Chap. 110, Laws of 1844.
5 Chap. 260, Laws of 1853.
6 Chap. 86, Laws of 1825.
Chap. 70, Laws of 1829. Efforts commenced in 1823, and in August, 1824, a
school was opened in the old court-house of Madison county at Cazenovia, still
used as the chapel. This had been sold to the Methodists in 1817, on the transfer
of the county seat to Morrisville, and used for some years as their church.
dormitory building was erected in 1831.
A
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
599
1
ences;
" in 1835 to "The Oneida Conference Seminary;" in
18702 to "The Central New York Conference Seminary," and in
18743 to "The Cazenovia Seminary."
In 1852, the building known as "Williams Hall" was rected, and
named in memory of John Williams who was twenty-six years an
active member of the Board of Trustees. In 1866, a building,
formerly erected as a dormitory for ladies, was replaced by a larger
and more attractive building, and in 1870, a still further enlarge-
ment was added for domestic department. In July, 1875, the in-
stitution celebrated its semi-centennial, and the proceedings published
in a book entitled "The Fifty years of Cazenovia Seminary."4
By an amendment of the charter, granted by the Regents July 7,
1875, the Trustees were made elective by the Central New York
Conference in three classes, and for terms of three years.
Principals and some of the Teachers under former and present names.
(The names of the Principals are in Italics.)
Nathaniel Porter, A. M., 1824.
Augustus W. Smith, LL D. (afterward Presi-
dent Wesleyan University, Middletown), 18:27.
D. D. Whedon, D. D., LL. D.
J. Wadsworth Tyler, A. M.
William C. Larrable, D. D.
John Johnston, LL. D. (afterward Professor
in Wesleyan University, Middletown)
William H. Allen., LL. D. (afterward Presi-
dent Girard College).
George Peck, D. D.
Hanford Colburn.
Herman M. Johnson, D. D. (afterward Presi-
dent Dickinson College)
Nelson Rounds, D. D. (afterward President
Willamette University).
George H. Hapgood, D. D
Edward Bannister, D. D. (afterward of
University of California).
Ammi B. Hyde, D. D. (afterward of Allegany
College).
John W. Armstrong, D. D. (afterward Prin-
cipal of Fredonia Normal School).
J. C Van Benschoten, LL. D. (afterward
Professor in Wesleyan University).
W. P. Coddington A. M. (afterward Profes-
sor in Syracuse University).
Edward G. Andrews, A. M., D. D. (now a
bishop in Methodist Episcopal Church),
1856-62
Edward Learing (since Superintendent of
Public Instruction, Wisconsin).
A. S. Graves, A. M., 1863-64.
Winfield S. Smyth, A. M., 1870–78.
Henry Bannister (afterward Professor in Gar- E. Walter Hall, A. M., 1879
rett Biblical Institute).
Bostwick Hawley, D. D.
James D. Phelps, A. M., 1881.
Isaac H. Clements, A. M., 1884.
CENTRAL NEW YORK CONFERENCE.
(See "Cazenovia Seminary.")
CHAMBERLAIN INSTITUTE. (Randolph, Cattaraugus Co.)
The "Randolph Academy Association" was incorporated by
the Regents January 24, 1851, as a stock company; shares, $25.
Changed, April 11, 1866 to the "Chamberlain Institute," and
¹ Chap. 242, Laws of 1835.
2 This change was made by the Regents, August 3, 1870.
3 Changed by the Regents, January 8, 1874.
* A historical sketch of this institution will also be found in the Regents' Re-
port of 1877, pp. 682-688.
Chap. 547, Laws of 1866.
600
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
named from Benjamin Chamberlain, who gave a substantial endow-
ment.¹
1
Samuel G. Love, A. M., 1850-53.
Rev. Fayette Durbin, A. M., 1853.
Henry S. Welton, A. M., 1854-55.
Rev. J. W. B. Clark, A. M., 1855-57.
Rev. William H. Marsh, A. M.. 1857-58.
Rev. Otis R. Gibson, A M., 1858-59.
Principals.
Samuel G. Love, A. M., 1859-64.
Rev. Charles H. Holloway, A. M., 1864-65.
Erastus Crosby, A. M., 1865–67.
Rev. A. S. Dobbs, A. M., 1867-68.
Ruggles E. Post, A. M., 1868-70.
Rev. James T. Edwards, A. M., D. D., 1870-84.
CHAMPLAIN ACADEMY.
(See "Champlain Union School, Academic Department.")
CHAMPLAIN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Champlain,
Clinton Co.)
The "Champlain Academy" was incorporated by the Regents,
August 23, 1842. Merged in the "Champlain Union School, Acad-
emic Department," under chap. 555, Laws of 1864, and admitted
by the Regents January 9, 1873, there being no interruption between
them. The Union School was established in November, 1861, and
the Academy, with the consent of its trustees, was conveyed to the
Board of Education of Union Free School District No. 1.
1 Mr. Chamberlain was born at Mt. Vernon, Maine, July 31, 1791, and died at
Ellicottville, N. Y., February 10, 1868. He was a lumberman and lumber mer-
chant, and possessed a very limited education, but was endowed by nature with
a vigorous understanding. Like most marked men of strong wills, he was not
without great faults of character, but his constant efforts in behalf of education,
and his generous provisions to secure its benefits to the youth of our land, his
love for the church of his choice, and frequent gifts to religious and benevolent
enterprises, show him to have been a man of broad views and profound sympa-
thies. The Rev. A. S. Dobbs was doubtless the means of bringing Mr. C's mind
to a favorable view of an endowment, (Hist. Sketch of the Chamberlain Institute
in Catalogue of 1875-76.)
The act of 1866 allowed the Erie Conference of the M. E. Church to appoint
trustees, and fill vacancies as they occurred in classes. Mr. C. gave also to Al-
legany College (Meadville, Pa.), very liberally, his gifts to the College and to this
Academy being nearly $100,000 in his lifetime and $400,000 by will. But a part
of the latter was lost in the courts. (43 N. Y. Reports, p. 424.)
By an act passed April 27, 1869, this Academy was allowed to take property
already bequeathed, the income of which did not exceed $15,000 a year. The
original Academy lot was about seven acres in extent. The citizens having
bought thirty acres more, Judge Chamberlain built a large boarding hall at a cost
of $50,000. Of his endowment, about $40,000 was finally secured by the school,
but for the legal defects in title it would have had about $200,000.
The boarding hall was burned March 16, 1872, with the library and cabinet;
but within a year it was replaced by the citizens without using the invested
fund, and it is better than before.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
601
Rev. Azariah Hyde, 1843-44.
Archibald Fleming, 1845-46.
Daniel D. Garham, A. B., 1848-50.
Joseph R. Dixon, A. B., 1851-53.
John Bell, A. M, 1854-56.
William W. Bass, A. M. 1857-61.
James S. Dobbin, 1862.
D. K. Simonds, 1863.
Principals.
W. W. Bass, A. M., 1864-66.
E. F. Toof, A. M., 1867.
George A. Mosher, A. B., 1868.
P. F. Burke, 1869.
George P. Collins, 1870.
S. H. Foster, 1871-72.
Herbert C. Adams, 1873–75.
B. T. Holcomb, 1876,
CHAUTAUQUA COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
(Stockton, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, April 21, 1857.
(Not organized.)
CHATEAUGAY UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Chateaugay,
Franklin Co.)
Admitted by Regents, July 12, 1881.
Henry Wayland Hill, A. M., 1882.
Principals.
CHERRY VALLEY ACADEMY. (Cherry Valley, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents, February 8, 1796. Converted into
a Female Seminary in 1850, under Charles G. Hazeltine; enlarged
by the erection of dormitories, mortgaged heavily, and sold to sat-
isfy the mortgage. A boys' school was taught along with the semi-
nary, but the whole was discontinued in 1866 aud the building is
now a hotel.
The Academy was revived in 1881 in a different property held by
Mrs. Catharine Roseboom, but has not yet been received under the
visitation of the Regents.
Samuel Clark, 1805.
Hutchens Patten, 1806.
William Hyslop, 1807.
Munson C Gaylord, 1810.
Eli F. Cooley, 1811.
Alvin Stewart, 1812.
Ira Bellows, 1816.
John Ruger, 1816-18.
Alexander McFarlane, 1819.
Francis Bowman, 1820-21.
Alfred E. Campbell, 1821-23.
Harvey Hayes, 1823.
James S. Cogswell, 1823-29.
Silas Totten, 1830.
Principals.
Zenas Bliss, 1831.
Dan Marvin, 1833
Rev. John Smith, 1834-35.
Charles Kilbourn, 1836.
Charles Kilbourn and Bloomfield Wall, 1837.
Joseph R. Dixon, 1838-39.
J. W. Tayler, 1840-44.
James H. Carruth, 1845.
James H. Carruth and R. N. Austin, 1846.
R. N. Austin, 1847.
Alonzo Phelps, 1848.
Charles G. Hazeltine, A. M., 1849-60.
A. B. Campbell, 1862.
John L. Sawyer, 1863-65.
[Since the revival of the Academy in 1881.]
R. P. Hallock, A. B., 1881-82.
H. H. Sawyer, 1883.
Rev. A. McMaster, A. M., 1884
CHESTER ACADEMY.
(See Chester Union School, Academic Department.)
CHESTER UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
The "Chester Academy" was incorporated by the Regents Feb-
ruary 27, 1844. Merged in the "Chester Union School, Academic
76
602
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Department." Changed November 6, 1869, and occupying former
academic premises.
William Bross, 1844-47.
Rev. Phineas Robinson, A. M., 1848-56.
Edward Orton, A. M., 1860-65.
Rev. H. Osborn, 1857-59.
Arthur Phinney, 1866-67.
Henry P. Robinson, 1868.
CHILI SEMINARY.
Principals.
David R. Feagles, 1869.
Andrew H. Hart, 1870-73.
William Simpson, 1874-76.
James S. Eaton, 1877-79.
Benjamin C. Nevins, A. M., 1880-81.
John D. Brownell, 1882.
(North Chili, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 14, 1869.
George W. Anderson, 1870.
B. T. Roberts, A. M., 1874-76.
Benson H. Roberts, A. B., 1877–78.
Principals.
Albert H. Stilwell, A. B., 1879-81.
Benson H. Roberts, A. M., 1882.
CHRISTIAN BROTHERS' ACADEMY, OF ALBANY. (Albany, N. Y.)
Incorporated by the Regents August 3, 1869.
Brother Hugh, 1870-75.
Principals.
Brother Severion, 1880.
Brother Benedict, 1876.
CINCINNATUS ACADEMY. (Cincinnatus, Cortland Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 21, 1857.
ter declared absolute January 14, 1858.
A. P. Kelsey, A. B., 1857-59.
Chester F. Short, A. M., 1860-62.
Charles N. Stowers, A. B., 1863.
Ambrose Blunt, A. B., 1864-65.
Charles E. Babcock, A. B., 1868.
Principals.
R. L. Thatcher, A. M., 1869–70.
George A. Haven, 1871.
E. C. Wheeler, 1872-77.
Rev. Edson Rodgers, M. A., 1878-82.
Myron E. Carmen, A. M., 1883.
CLARENCE ACADEMY.
(See "Parker Union School.")
CLARENCE CLASSICAL UNION SCHOOL.
(See "Parker Union School.")
CLARKSON ACADEMY. (Clarkson, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 17, 1835.
Reuben Nason, 1835.
Rev. Norris Bull, 1836-41.
Rev. Abner Goodell, 1842-44.
James C. Knapp, 1845-46.
Principals.
CLARKSON HIGH SCHOOL.
Duncan E. Cameron, 1847-48.
Rev. Jeremiah Butler, A. B., 1850-53.
Alanson Wedge, A. M., 1854.
Edward Danforth, A. M., 1856.
(Clarkson, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1859.¹
Char-
¹Chap. 154, Laws of 1859. Amendatory acts were passed February 18, 1860
(chap. 38); April 11, 1866 (chap. 511); and May 24, 1876 (chap. 394). These
chiefly related to the boundaries of the school district.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
603
CLAVERACK ACADEMY. (Claverack, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 25, 1831. Admitted by
the Regents February 5, 1839. A private Academy was undertaken
at Claverack in 1777, called " Washington Seminary," and a build-
ing completed in 1779, under the efforts of the Rev. John Gabriel
Gebhard. Dudley Baldwin taught the Classics, and Abraham Fonda
the English branches, while Dr. Gebhard had general supervision
until his death. In 1780, N. Meigs was employed. He was suc-
ceeded by Andrew Mayfield Carshore, who taught more than twenty-
five years. The school continued until 1825, and it was changed to
a Common School.
In 1829 a new enterprise was started by the Rev. Richard
Sluyter, resulting in the incorporation of Claverack Academy in
1831.¹ Merged in the following institution in 1854:
Rev. William Mahon, 1831.
Samuel Fisher, 1834.
Samuel T. Andrews, 1835.
Lemuel T. Osgood, 1837.
Rev. Reuben Dederick, 1838.
Rev. Jonathan Ford, 1839-41.
Principals.
Samuel W. Fisher, 1842.
William C. Hornfager, 1843-44.
Henry P. Coon, 1845-46.
Isaac Wortendyke, 1847–48.
Gad Lyman. 1851.
Rev. John Bell, 1853.
CLAVERACK ACADEMY AND HUDSON RIVER INSTITUTE. (Claverack,
Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents June 14, 1854. Succeeded the
"Claverack Academy," a new building being erected in 1854.2
Principals.
William H. Bannister, A. M., Charles H. Gar- Rev. Alonzo Flack, A. M., Ph. D., Principal,
diner, A. M., and Rev. Ira C. Boice, A. M., 1857, and since 1869 President.
President, 1854.
The average number of students in this institution from 1855 to
1876, inclusive, was 391. During these years it received $21,014.40
from the Regents.
The Academy of 1829 was built by a stock company, the shares being $25, and
the amount raised $1,200. The building was two stories high, with three rooms
on each floor. It had a library of 286 volumes and $32 worth of apparatus.
During twenty-five years the average income was $522.23, and attendance 49.
2 This building has a front of 158 feet, a depth of 40 feet, and wings on either
side 50 feet. From the centre a chapel extends back 90 feet. The building is
four stories high, with attic and basement finished, and cost $35,220. The whole,
with furniture, etc., cost $51,151.29.
A second building was erected in 1864, 50 feet by 80 feet in size and two stories
high, at a cost of $6,000.
An extended historical sketch of this institution is given in the Regents' Report
of 1877, pp. 657–681.
The first quarter of a century of the present corporation and the centennial of
the original Seminary, was celebrated June 9 to 13, 1879.
604
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
On the 11th of March, 1869, the Regents conferred upon this
institution the right to confer degrees upon young women, to the
same extent as that enjoyed by other Female Colleges in the State,
but only until completion of a full course of four years, and upon
proper examinations.¹
CLERMONT ACADEMY. (Clermont, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 26, 1834.2 Admitted by
the Regents February 26, 1839.
Ephraim H. Hudson, 1838.
Principals.
George W. Kretsinger, 1839.
譬
​CLIFTON SPRINGS FEMALE SEMINARY. (Clifton Springs, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 11, 1868.3
4
oldest in-
CLINTON ACADEMY. (East Hampton, Suffolk Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents November 17, 1787
corporated Academy in the State. Closed about 1881. The build-
ing is kept in repair by the rental of the lower floor for a town hall,
the upper room being rented for an artist's studio. The trustees
still maintain their organization, and a revival of the Academy is
still in hope.
William Payne.
Lyman Beecher, 1804.
Principals. (Imperfect List.)
David Gardner and Richard Storrs, 1805.
Ebenezer Phillips, 1807.
Abraham Parsons, 1810-14.
Russell Greene, 1815.
Samuel Wade, 1816.
Isaac A. Hawley, 1817.
Nehemiah Brown, 1818-19.
David Gardiner, 1820-22.
James M. Hunting, 1824-25.
Joseph D. Condit, 1826-27.
Randolph Cammel, 1830-31.
Roger G. Ely, 1833.
Robert D. Gardner, 1834-35.
•
Jarvis McDuffie, 1837.
Addison L. Hunt, 1838.
Ralph Dayton, 1839-40.
Henry G. L. Livingston, 1841-42.
Howland Dawes, 1843.
Elias T. White, 1844-45.
Charles D. Buck, 1846-47.
Charles S. Williams, 1848.
Thomas Jefferson King, A. B., 1849.
Charles S. Williams, A. B., 1850-51.
David Gardiner, Jr. and David Barker, 1823. C. B. Dorrance, A. B., 1852.
James M. Harlow, 1836.
C. S. Williams, A. B., 1855-56.
George R. Howell, A. B., 1859.
J.L. Fordham, A. M., 1861-63.
S. M. Gardner, 1864-66.
C. S. Joslyn, Á. M., 1867–68.
¹ According to this ordinance this power is to cease whenever any dividends are
made to the stockholders, the Board being of opinion that an institution empow-
ered to confer degrees should not be a source of revenue or income to any donor
to its funds. The Preparatory Departments are continued as before.
2 Chap. 191, Laws of 1834.
3 Chap. 807, Laws of 1868.
4 In Thompson's Hist. of Long Island (2d ed. i. 323), the Rev. Samuel Buell and
Mr. Wm. Payne are mentioned as the most active founders. The former was a
grandfather of Dr. S. B. Woolworth, for many years Secretary of the Board of
Regents; the latter became first teacher.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
605
CLINTON GRAMMAR SCHOOL. (Clinton, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 28, 1817 (Chap. 119, Laws
of 1817). Admitted by the Regents February 26, 1828. Male and
female departments separately organized and instructed. Female
department known as "Houghton Seminary" now under a separate
charter.
Noah Cushman, 1827.
L. A. Sawyer, 1828.
Salmon Strong, 1829-39.
E. C. Williams, 1840.
Principals.
Gilbert Wilcoxin, 1851.
Henry S. Wilson, A. B., 1852.
Edward P. Powell, A. B., 1853.
H. P. Bristol, A. M., 1854.
E. C. Williams, Edward North, Wm. H. Pad- Anna Chipman, 1859-61.
dock, 1841.
William H. Paddock, 1842.
Salmon Strong, 1843-46.
S. Strong, Rev. H. H. Kellogg, 1847-49.
John C. Gallup, M. D., 1862-75.
Rev. Isaac O. Best, John C. Gallup, A. M.,
M. D., 1875-78.
Rev. Isaac O. Best, A. M., 1879.
Joseph W. Hubbard, A. B., 1850.
CLINTON LIBERAL INSTITUTE. (Originally located at Clinton, Oneida
Co.; now at Fort Plain, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 29, 1834.¹ Admitted by
the Regents March 29, 1836, under the management of the Uni-
versalist denomination. Allowed by act of April 11, 1877,2 to sell
and purchase in a new location, and under this authority the insti-
tution was removed to Fort Plain, Montgomery county, the Trustees
having purchased and enlarged the premises formerly belonging to
the "Fort Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute." The
former name is retained since removal, to secure certain bequests.
A large building occupied by the female department was sold for a
small sum, and is used as a school for boys, under the name of
"Kirkland Hall." A stone building reverted to an estate, having
been given for school purposes.
Rev. C. B. Thämmel, 1836-37.
Rev. Timothy Clowes, 1838-41.
H. B. Soule, 1842.
Principals. (Male Department.)
B. Birdsall, 1843.
C. L. Feber, 1844.
Thomas G. Sawyer, 1845-48.
¹ Chap. 206, Laws of 1834, amended May 7, 1844 (chap. 308); April 21, 1868
(chap. 266).
2 Chap. 105, Laws of 1877. An act for classifying the Board of Trustees was
passed May 25, 1878 (chap. 311).
The charter of this institution was modified January 8, 1874, by providing that
vacancies in the Board of Trustees should be filled by the remaining members of
the Board, instead of the Universalist Convention of the State of New York, and
the power of that body in the management of the institution was declared null
and void.
This amendment was however repealed by the Regents January 15, 1875, and
the institution restored to its former relations.
606
i
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Almira Meech, 1836-37.
Louisa M. Barker, 1838-40.
Mrs. A. B. Gordon, 1841.
(Female Department.)
A. White, A. B., 1859.
H. A. Dearborn, A. B., 1860-64.
Wyman C. Tickett, A. B., 1865.
Rev. Thomas J. Sawyer, A. M., D. D., 1849-51. Edward E. Spalding, A. B., 1866–67.
P. A. Towne, 1852.
Absalom G. Gaines, A. B., 1853.
Samuel Ramsey, 1854.
Rev. J. A. Aspinwall, 1855-56.
Miss H. M. Parkhurst, 1857-58.
CLINTON SEMINARY.
Paul R. Kendall, 1868-69.
Arthur G. Lewis, A. B., 1870–72.
F. L. Backus. A. B., 1874-75.
J. Thornton Osmond, A. M., 1876-77.
Charles V. Parsell, A. M., 1880
(Clinton, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 15, 1842. Organized in
1842, and conducted two or three years by the Rev. H. H. Kellogg,
as a Young Ladies' Seminary. In 1844, it was purchased by the Free
Will Baptist denomination, and opened to both sexes. Under the
new management, its accommodations were soon found too limited,
and the premises of the "Oneida Institute" at Whitesboro were
purchased (August 23, 1844) for its use. (See "Whitestown Sem-
inary.")
John J. Butler, 1842.
Principals.
John Fullerton, 1843-44.
CLOVER STREET SEMINARY. (Brighton, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 7, 1848.¹ Admitted by
the Regents February 23, 1849. Founded by Issaac Moore, to
whom was given the power of filling vacancies in the Board of
Trustees.
The institution became the property of Mrs. C. A. Brewster, who
died October 13, 1855. A school was carried on by J. G. Cogswell,
till the spring of 1857, when the premises were rented to Prof.
Sawyer, who continued about a year. It was then sold on two mort-
gages amounting to $3,500, and ceased to be an incorporated Semi-
nary. A boys' school was afterward taught a few years by a Mr.
Drum, and finally given up. The building is now converted into a
private dwelling.
Celestia A. Bloss, 1848.
Mrs. Celestia A. Brewster, 1849-55,
A
Principals.
CLYDE HIGH SCHOOL.
Caroline A. Comstock, 1856.
Edwin S. Gilbert, A. B., 1857.
(Clyde, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by act of April 24, 1834.2 Placed under the visita-
tion of the Regents, by act of May 15, 1876, and again July 12,
1881.
¹ Chap. 199, Laws of 1848.
2 Chap. 175, Laws of 1834. Act amended April 12, 1842 (chap. 268); April 14,
1858 (chap. 192); and May 15, 1876 (chap. 332).
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
607
Principals.
Hugh R. Jolly, 1881-82.
Edward Hayward, A. M., 1883.
COBLESKILL UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Cobleskill,
Schoharie Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents June 10, 1873.
Principals.
Charles E. Boss, 1877-80.
P. F. Burke, A. M., 1881.
Andrew G. Kelmer, 1873-74.
N. L. F. Bachman, 1875.
Robert P. Orr, A. M., 1876.
COLGATE ACADEMY. (Hamilton, Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents June 17, 1853, as the "Grammar
School of Madison University." A beautiful and commodious
academic building was erected in 1873, ať a cost (including grounds)
of $60,000, by James B. Colgate, Esq., of New York, in memory
of whose parents the trustees changed the name in that year.
The building stands on spacious grounds adjoining the University
and Seminary, but at a considerable distance from the University
edifices and in close proximity with the village. It is 100 by 60
feet in size, and three stories high besides basement and Mansard
roof. The Academy is under the control of the corporation of Mad-
ison University and forms a part of its general system of education.
A partial endowment has been specially provided by James B. Col-
gate, of New York, and John B. Trevor, in about equal proportions,
amounting to $30,000. All expenditures above the income of this
fund, and tuitions are provided for by the trustees of the Univer-
sity. The Academy has a classical and an English department.
Several prizes are offered for highest standing at the time of final
examinations.
L M. Osborn, 1853-55.
Philip P. Brown, Jr., A. B., 1856.
A. M. Beebe, 1857.
Philip P. Brown, Jr., A. M., 1858-62.
L M. Osborn, 1863 64.
Principals.
N. L Andrews, A M., 1865-69.
James H.Taylor, 1870-72.
Rev. F. W_Towle, A. M., Ph. D., 1874-82.
James W. Ford, A. M., 1883.
COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (New York.)
Incorporated by the Legislature July 10, 1851 (Chap. 494, Laws
of 1851). Not organized.
COLLINSVILLE INSTITUTE. (Collinsville, Lewis Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1837 (Chap. 314, Laws of
1837). A school was taught by A. W. Cummings, at Collinsville,
608
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
for one or two years, but no building was erected, and no funds were
raised toward permanent establishment. A branch of this school
was taught for one or two terms in Leyden.
COLUMBIA ACADEMY. (Kinderhook, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 13, 1797.
Rev. Daniel B. Warden,* 1801.
Jonathan Carson, 1801.
Oliver Bliss, Jr., 1802.
Principals.
Jared Curtis, 1804.
Nathan Cary, 1805.
Lott Rew, 1805.
* Resigned July 25, 1801.
COOK ACADEMY.
(Havana, Schuyler Co.)
Incorporated by Regents August 10, 1872. Property formerly
owned by the "People's College."
Charles Fairman, LL. D., 1874-75.
A. C. Winters, Á. M, 1876-79.
Principals.
Albert C. Hill, A. M., 1880.
COOPER INSTITUTE. (New York.)
Incorporated by the Legislature February 15, 1857 (Chap. 31,
Laws of 1857). Corporate name, "The Peter Cooper Union for
the Advancement of Science and Art." [See separate notes.]
COOPERSTOWN FEMALE ACADEMY. (Cooperstown, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1822.2 Act continued
from April 19, 1828,³ till 1st Tuesday in April, 1829.
COOPERSTOWN SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
(Cooperstown, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents June 14, 1854. Established by a
joint-stock company, shares $50. Received a pledge of $15,000 from
the Methodists and $20,000 from citizens in 1854, and opened No-
vember 15 of that year with sixteen professors and teachers. The Meth-
odist denomination was to have the nomination of the Principal and
a majority of the Trustees. Closed from the spring of 1858 till
September, 1859, when it was sold to R. C. Flack, assisted by a loan
of $5,000 from the citizens of Cooperstown, without interest so long
as a school was maintained.
1 The deed of the property known as the "Cooper Institute," was conveyed to
six trustees, April 29, 1858, without reservation and upon conditions specified in
the act. An interesting article upon the intentions and operation of this institu-
tion will be found in "The Chautauquan," vol. IV, No. 7, p. 398.
2 Chap. 183, Laws of 1822.
3 Chap. 282, Laws of 1828.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
609
Principals.
Rev. J. L G. McKown, 1854-55.
Rev P. D. Hammond, 1855-56.
Messrs. Hammond and Pinney, 1856.
Rev. C. R. Pomeroy, 1857-58.
R. C. Flack, 1859.
COOPERSTOWN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Coopers-
town, Otsego Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 9, 1873.
John G. Wright, A. M., 1873-
Principal.
CORNING FREE ACADEMY. (Corning, Steuben Co.)
Organized under a special act of the Legislature passed April 13,
1859.2 Admitted by the Regents March 1, 1860. Powers of the
Board of Education enlarged March 30, 1868.³
Z L. Parker, 1860-64.
Edwin Wildman, A. B., 1865.
Principals.
Henry C. Balcom, A. M., 1869-76.
A. Gaylord Slocum, A. M., 1877———.
4
CORNING INSTITUTE. (Corning, Steuben Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 23, 1867, for the purpose
of establishing a Seminary for the education of both sexes, and for
the maintenance of a public library and reading-room. The educa-
tional plans of this enterprise were not perfected, but a library and
reading-room were established.
CORTLAND ACADEMY.
(See "Homer Unior School, Academic Department.”)
CORTLAND FEMALE SEMINARY. (Cortlandville, Cortland Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 18, 1828 (Chap. 256, Laws
of 1828).
CORTLANDVILLE ACADEMY. (Cortlandville, Cortland Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 31, 1843. The Trustees
were authorized to convey to State land to be used as a site for
Normal School, and to sell and cause removal of old buildings April
16, 1868, and the "Cortland Normal and Training School" was
established in its place.
Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
2 Chap. 298, Laws of 1859.
3 Chap. 82, Laws of 1868. A description of the Corning Free Academy with
engravings will be found in Regents' Report of 1871, p. 464.
4 Chap. 587, Laws of 1867.
5 Chap. 198, Laws of 1868.
77
610
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ทุ
Joseph R. Dickson, A. M., 1842-47.
Walter C. Livingston, 1847-48.
Lemuel S. Pomeroy, A. B., 1849.
L. S. Pomeroy, A. M., 1850.
James M. Burt, A. M., 1851-53.
Principals.
COXSACKIE ACADEMY.
John Dunlap, A. M., 1854-58.
Henry Carver, A. M., 1859-64.
Erastus C. Beach, A. M., 1865-66.
H M. Dodd, A. M., 1867.
James J. Pease, A. M., 1868-69.
(Coxsackie, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 5, 1837.
Regents February 5, 1839.
John W. Schermerhorn, 1838.
John G. Van Antwerp, 1839-42.
Josiah Fuller, 1843.
George W. Benson, 1845-47.
Principals.
Admitted by the
Avery J. Smith, A. B, 1848-50.
Charles C. Dwight, A. B., 1851.
Elias E. Warner, A. B., 1852.
David Thompson, A. B., 1853.
COXSACKIE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Coxsackie,
Greene Co.)
The "Coxsackie Academy," the second of this name, was incor-
porated by the Regents April 2, 1863, it being a renewal of the for-
mer charter.
Merged in the "Coxsackie Union School, Academic Department,"
in 1880. The present building stands on the same ground where it
was first erected.
Alexander Reynolds, 1864.
Hugh R. Tolley, 1865-68.
E. G. Cheeseman, A. B., 1869.
John B. Steele, Jr., A. M., 1871.
E. D. Coonley, 1872-73.
Principals.
Alexander Reynolds, 1874.
R. A. McDuffie, 1875-77.
Hudson A. Wood, A. M., 1878.
John H. Kelley, 1882.
CROWN POINT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Crown
Point, Essex Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 12, 1881.
Principal.
Thomas R. Kniel, A. M., 1882-83.
CUBA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Cuba, Allegany
Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 12, 1881.
W. W. Bean, 1881.
Principals.
W. H. Kinney, A. M., 1882.
DANSVILLE SEMINARY. (Dansville, Livingston Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 14, 1858.
Charter made absolute January 13, 1860.
1 Chap. 336, Laws of 1837.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
-611
Schuyler Seager, D. D., 1859-61.
John J. Brown, A. M. 1862-64.
Joseph Jones, A. B., 1865-66.
J. H. Crumb, A. M., 1867.
Henry R Sanford, Á. M., 1868-69.
Albert R. Lewis, A. B., 1870.
Principals.
J. C. Toley, 1872.
W. A. Truesdale, A. M., 1874.
S. H. Goodyear, A. M., 1875 80.
George S. Miller, 1881.
George W. Phillips, A. M., 1882.
DEAN ACADEMY. (Binghamton, Broome Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents August 7, 1872, and located for a
time upon the premises formerly owned by the "Susquehanna Semi-
nary: ." It was always a private institution. An effort was made
at one time to raise an endowment for "Dean College," but it
failed.
DE LANCEY INSTITUTE. (Westmoreland, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 13, 1842. The trustees were
authorized to sell property and pay debts April 9, 1852.2 The
balance to be divided among shareholders.
Rev. Stephen McHugh, 1842-43.
Morris R. Barteau, A. G. Williams, 1845.
Principals.
DELAWARE ACADEMY.
Morris R. Barteau, 1846.
Oliver H Staples, 1847.
(Delhi, Delaware Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 2, 1820. By an act
passed April 12, 1819,3 it was ordered that the sum of $6,000 should
be paid into the State treasury, on the sale of an undivided half of
lands in the Leake Patent, Delaware county, forfeited by the at-
tainder of Robert Leake. This sum was to be used by the Regents
in the endowment of an Academy at Delhi, and was given to this
Academy. By an act passed May 3, 1877,4 the sum of $4,897.38
was directed to be paid to the trustees, it being part of the amount.
granted in 1819.
John A Savage, 1821-23.
Frederick A. Feu, A. M.. 1824-25.
Thomas Farrington, A. B, 1826.
Stephen Johnston, 1827-30.
W. J. Montieth.
Rev. Orange Clark, 1833.
E. Harrison Cressey, 1834-35.
Daniel Shepard, 1836-45.
1
Principals.
William R. Harper, 1846-47
Merritt G. McKoon, A. M、 1848-53.
John L. Sawyer, A. M., 1854-63.
Rev. Silas Fitch, 1864-67.
Levi D. Miller, A M., 1868-69.
William Wight, 1870-75.
Sherill E Smith, A M., Ph. D., 1876-80.
James O. Griffin, 1881.
Application was made for incorporation under the name of "Dean College,” but
the Regents refused to allow the term "College" to be applied to an Academic
institution.
2 Chap. 189, Laws of 1852.
3 Chap. 170, Laws of 1819.
4 Chap. 220, Laws of 1877.
612
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
DELAWARE LITERARY INSTITUTE. (Franklin, Delaware Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 23, 1835. Admitted by
the Regents January 29, 1839. Quorum of trustees fixed at nine,
April 21, 1840.2 Official acts of trustees confirmed. The sum of
$3,000 loaned to this Academy from the school fund, April 15,
1857.4
Rev. William Fraser, 1837-38.
Rev. Silas Fitch, Jr., 1838-46.
Principals.
3
George W. Jones, A. M., 1864.
George W. Briggs, A. M., 1870-74.
Rev. George C. Kerr, A. M, D. D., LL. D., E. M. Rollo, 1875-77.
1846-60.
Oliver W. Treadwell, As M., 1861-63.
Charles H. Verrill, A. M., Ph. D., 1878.
DEPOSIT ACADEMY.
(See "Deposit Union School, Academic Department.")
DEPOSIT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Deposit, Broome
Co.)
The "Deposit Academy" was incorporated by the Regents
April 9, 1867. It was merged in the Union School of that village,
aud the Academic Department was admitted by the Regents March
23, 1876.
C W. Gray, 1867.
Ambrose Blunt, A. M., 1868-69.
Louis H. Bahler, A. M., 1870.
R. L. Thatcher, A. M., 1871-74.
Principals.
Rev. Wm. W. Wetmore, A. M., 1875.
Miss Mary A. Truesdall, 1876-78.
T B. Dunbar, A. M., 1879-81.
Benjamin C. Nevins, A. M., 1882.
DE RUITER INSTITUTE.
(See "De Ruyter Union School, Academic Department.")
DE RUYTER UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (De Ruyter,
Madison Co.)
The "De Ruyter Institute" was incorporated by the Legislature
March 30, 1836.5 Admitted by Regents January 30, 1838. Charter
amended March 23, 1840. The first organization having failed, a
new charter was granted by the Regents December 3, 1847. In
1849 an effort was made to secure an Agricultural Department, but
this was not perfected."
1
¹ Chap. 140, Laws of 1835.
2 Chap. 157, Laws of 1840
3 Chap. 537, Laws of 1853; chap. 110, Laws of 1875.
4
Chap. 493, Laws of 1857.
5 Chap. 83, Laws of 1836.
Chap. 68, Laws of 1840.
'Petition of Z. T. Bentley, S. G. Slain, Benj. Enos, and eighty-nine others,
Assem. Doc. 78, 1849.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
613
Merged in the "De Ruyter Union School, Academic Depart-
ment," which was admitted by the Regents January 11, 1877.
Eben M. Rollo, 1837-38.
Solomon Carpenter, 1839-40.
Giles M. Langworthy, 1841.
Morgan L Wood, 1842
J. D. B. Stillman, 1843.
James R. Irish, A M., 1848.
Gurdon Evans, M. A., 1850.
Principals.
James R. Irish, A. M., 1851-53.
Henry L. Jones, A. M., 1854-58.
Rev. James R. Irish, A. M., 1859-63.
Rev George E. Tomlinson, A. M., 1864-65.
Albert Whitford, A. M., 1866-67.
Rev. L. E. Livermore, A. M.,
A. M., 1868-78.
E. C. Wheeler, A. M., 1879.
DE VEAUX COLLEGE FOR ORPHAN AND DESTITUTE CHILDREN. (Ni-
agara, Niagara Co.)
An institution incorporated April 15, 1853,¹ to carry into effect
the will of Samuel De Veaux, in the maintenance for a home for
the support and education of destitute orphans. It is under Episco-
pal management, and does not report to the Regents, but makes an
annual report to the Legislature.
(6
DOVER ACADEMY. (Dover, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 9, 1835.²
DREW SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGE. (Carmel, Putnam Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 23, 1866,3 and opened in
September of that year, in the building formerly belonging to the
Raymond Collegiate Institute, which had been purchased by Dan-
iel Drew of New York city. It had been closed for some years be-
fore this purchase. Mr. Drew intended to provide an endowment,
and to erect new buildings upon a very large scale, but financial
embarrassment prevented him from carrying his plans into full ef-
This Seminary has been conducted from the beginning by
Prof. George Crosby Smith, A. M. It does not report to the Re-
gents, nor does it claim the full title above mentioned, being known
"Drew Ladies' Seminary," and both boarding and day pupils
are received.
fect.
as
DRYDEN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Dryden, Tomp-
kins Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents January 9, 1873.
1
Chap. 243, Laws of 1853. Act amended April 13, 1857 (chap. 385, Laws of
1857).
2 Chap. 263, Laws of 1835:
3
Chap. 760, Laws of 1866
614
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Francis J. Cheney, A. M., 1873-80.
George W. Pye, A. B., 1881.
Principals.
Herbert M. Lovell, 1882.
DUNDEE ACADEMY. (Dundee, Yates Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 22, 1855.
Principals.
1)
Charles G. Winfield, 1855.
H. M. Aller, 1856-58.
Hanford Stubble, 1861-62.
Rev. Edmund Chadwick, A. M., 1863-68.
DUNDEE PREPARATORY SCHOOL. (Dundee, Yates Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents May 24, 1882.
John Kline, A. M., 1882.
Principals.
DUNKIRK ACADEMY. (Dunkirk, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 1, 1837.¹
DUNKIRK UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Received by the Regents June 2, 1871. Organized under chap.
555, Laws of 1864.
DUNKIRK UNION FREE SCHOOL.
Formed under an act of April 24, 1875.
David H. Carver, A. B., 1873-74.
Mary A. Chilson, 1875.
Wm. Haskins, B. S., B. L., 1876-77.
Rachel L. Moore, B. S., 1878-80.
Principals.
Wm. Hawkins, B. S., B. L., 1881.
Lee Moore, A. B., 1882.
John W. Babcock, A. B.,
EAST AURORA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (East Au-
rora, Erie Co.)
Formed by the adoption of the "Aurora Academy" by the Board
of Education of Union Free School District No. 1 of Aurora, with
the consent of its Trustees. Admitted by the Regents July 8, 1884.
EAST BLOOMFIELD ACADEMY. East Bloomfield, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 9, 1838.2 Admitted by
Regents January 23, 1840.
Stephen W. Clark, A. M., 1849-51.
J. H. Kellom, A. M., 1852-56.
A. H. Wenzel, A. B., 1857-58.
Edward D. Bangs, 1859.
Seneca M. Keeler, A. M., 1860.
Rev. W. D. Taylor, A. M., 1861-63.
Charles C. Eastman, 1864-65.
1
¹ Chap. 295, Laws of 1837.
2 Chap. 183, Laws of 1838.
Principals.
Elbridge R. Adams, 1866.
John C. Long, A. M., 1867-69
Elijah W. Plumlee, 1870–71.
Isaac Jennings, 1872.
Charles E. Eastman, M. D., 1873–75
Miss J. A. Osborne, 1876.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
615
EASTERN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
Incorporated by the Legislature May 7, 1844,¹ for the purpose of
establishing a Seminary for the education of males, and to be sub-
ject to visitation by the Regents. Not organized.
EAST GENESEE CONFERENCE SEMINARY.
(See "Ovid Union School, Academic Department.")
EAST HAMBURGH FRIENDS' INSTITUTE. (East Hamburgh, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 11, 1872.
Edward H. Cook, A. B., 1872–73.
Hiram B. Farmer, LL. D., 1874-76.
Principals.
Unice H. Nichols, 1877.
EAST HENRIETTA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Henri-
etta, Monroe Co.)
Organized under Chap. 555, Laws of 1864, and admitted by the
Regents June 2, 1871. (See "Monroe Academy.")
EAST SPRINGFIELD ACADEMY. (East Springfield, Otsego Co.)
Chartered provisionally July 13, 1881. Charter made absolute
January 11, 1882.
Fred. Van Dusen, A. B., 1882.
Principals.
James Stoller, 1883.
EGBERTS INSTITUTE.
EGBERTS HIGH SCHOOL. (Cohoes, Albany Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1864.2 Founded by
Egbert Egberts, and designed to promote the education of young
men of ten years old and upwards, in good morals, literature,
science and arts and allowed to confer testimonials but not degrees.
To be subject to visitation of the Regents. Act amended March
29, 1865, by more fully defining the objects. Merged in the Cohoes
Public School system as the "Egberts High School."
Oliver P. Steves, A. M., 1872–79.
Principals.
Alexander J. Robb, 1880
ELIZABETHTOWN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
bethtown, Essex Co.)
(Eliza-
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864 (Chap. 555, Laws of
1864). Admitted by Regents January 10, 1867.
1 Chap. 298, Laws of 1844.
2 Chap. 526, Laws of 1864.
616
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
J. G. Murphy, 1868.
James S. Robinson, 1869.
Principals.
John W. Chandler, Ph. D., 1870-82.
ELLENVILLE HIGH SCHOOL.
(See "Ulster Female Seminary.")
ELLINGTON ACADEMY.
ELLINGTON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Ellington
Chautauqua Co.)
The Academy at this place was incorporated by the Regents Feb-
ruary 11, 1853. Merged in the "Ellington Union School, Aca-
demic Department."
William C J Hall, A. B., 1852-53.
Warren H. Marsh, A. B., 1854-56.
J. C. Long, A. B., 1858-59.
H. L. Ward, A. M., 1860-65.
A. C. Moon, A. M., 1866.
R. E. Post, 1867.
Principals.
P. F. Burke, 1872-75.
William P. Spring, A. M., 1876.
Rovellus R. Rogers, A. B., 1877-81.
D D. Van Allen, A. B., 1882.
F. W. Crossfield, 1883
ELMIRA ACADEMY.
ELMIRA FREE ACADEMY. (Elmira, Chemung Co.)
The "Elmira Academy" was incorporated by the Regents March
31, 1840. Merged in the "Elmira Free Academy;” incorporated
by the Regents January 9, 1863, having been organized April 9,
1859, under section 23, chapter 113, Laws of 1859.
James L Alverson, 1840.
Walter Ayrault, 1841.
Daniel Marsh, 1842-43.
J. G. Marchant, 1844.
M. S. Converse, 1845.
George C. Hyde, 1846.
Principals.
E. N. Barbour, 1847-50.
Edward J Ford, A. B., 1851.
Isaac M. Wellington, 1864-65.
J. Dorman Steele, A. M., 1866-67.
James R. Monks, A. M., 1873.
ELMIRA COLLEGIATE SEMINARY. (Elmira, Chemung Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents October 20 1853.
Changed to “Elmira Female College," April 13, 1855.¹
ERASMUS HALL. (Flatbush, Kings Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents November 17, 1787. An Academy
allowed to be built, and the Trustees of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church were empowered to convey lands, April 29, 1788.2
The school moneys granted in part of Flatbush, called "Old Town,"
under the general school act of 1813, were given to this Academy by
1 Chap. 422, Laws of 1855.
2 Chap. 54, Laws of 1786.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
617
act of April 1, 1814,¹ to be applied to the education of such poor
children as might attend from that part. Reports were to be made
to the school commissioners of Jamaica.
Brandt Schuyler Lupton, 1788.
Rev. John H. Livingston, 1788.
Albert Obleius, 1804.
Richard Fish, 1805.
J. G. Cooper, 1806-07.
R. W. Thompson, 1810-13.
Richard Thayer, 1814.
Jacob G. Cooper, 1816.
Andrew Craig, 1817-19.
Principals.
Joseph Penny and John Mulligan, 1820.
Rev. Timothy Clones, LL. B., 1821-22.
J. W. Kellogg, A. M., 1823-31.
(Imperfect List.)
Braidelt Schuyler.
J. W. Kellogg, A. M., 1833.
William H. Campbell, 1834-38
Rev. Joseph Penny, 1839-41.
Jonas Ferguson, 1842.
Rev. Richard D. Van Kleeck, A. M., 1843-54.
Rev. William W Howard, A. M., 1860-62.
Miss M. A. Randolph, 1863.
Rev. Eli T. Mack, A. M., 1864-74.
Jared Hasbrouck, A. M, 1875–77.
Rev. Robert Grier Strong, 1880.
ESSEX COUNTY ACADEMY. (Westport, Essex Co.)
2
Incorporated by the Legislature May 1, 1834. Relief granted in
case of a delayed report March 39, 1838.3 An act for the dissolu-
tion of the corporation and the conveyance of its real estate by the
stockholders was passed April 23, 1867.*
Rufus Chase, 1838-39.
Orson Kellogg, 1840-42.
Principals.
William Higby, 1843.
EVANS ACADEMY. (Peterboro', Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents December 1, 1864, as "Peterboro
Academy," January 28, 1853. Name changed by the Regents Decem-
ber 1, 1864, and named from William Evans, a native of Peterboro,
but then of Jamaica Plain, Mass., who had given $15,000 to the in-
stitution.
Leonard G. Calkins, A. B., 1852.
Charles Washburn, A B, 1853.
Jonathan Copeland, 1854-56.
James C. Climerson, 1857-58.
Henry H. Avery, 1859.
Rev. J. H. Powell, A. M., 1860-61.
M. E. Dayton, 1862.
E II Griffith, 1863-64.
Isaac Flagg, A. B., 1865.
Principals.
FABIUS SELECT SCHOOL.
Rev. William F. Bridge, A. M., 1866-71.
Fisk Barnett, 1872.
E. R. Payson, A. M., 1873.
George H. Payson, A. M., 1874-75.
Elbert Place, A. B., 1876.
Byron Wells, A. B., 1877 79.
L. N. Southworth, 1880.
Willis Arnold Ingalls, B. S., 1881.
(Fabius, Onondaga Co.)
An incorporation granted by the Regents February 27, 1841, but
without participation in the Literature Fund. The principal benefit
expected was in facilitating the organization of the school, and the
'Chap. 79, Laws of 1814.
2 Chap. 232, Laws of 1834.
3 Chap. 131, Laws of 1838.
"Chap. 582, Laws of 1867.
78
618
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
transaction of business by the trustees. The trustees allowed by act
of April 7, 1849,' to sell their real estate, and after paying debts, to
divide the remainder among the shareholders in proportion to their
interest.
FAIRFIELD ACADEMY. (Fairfield, Herkimer Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 15, 1803. A course of med-
ical instruction was introduced at an early period, which in 1809 led
to the establishment of a medical school, and in 1812 of a College,
as elsewhere more fully noticed.2 The Academy was not interrupted
by the erection of a Medical College building adjacent, and in 1841
the latter was fitted up for its use.
But in course of time the academic trustees became involved in
debt, and their property liable to be sold. To protect a public in-
terest, the surviving members of the Board of Trustees of the Med-
ical College, on the 28th of August, 1874, passed a resolution re-
scinding their resolution allowing the premises to be used for aca-
demic purposes, and appointed a committee to take possession of the
building, and hold it for the use of the College. At a meeting held
at Little Falls, March 14, 1876, four members being present, they
nominated seven persons to fill vacancies chiefly caused by death,
and these were confirmed by the Regents March 31 of that year.
The academic building has since been sold upon a mortgage, the cor-
poration of "Fairfield Academy" extinguished, and the " Fairfield
Seminary," a new corporation, established in its place
Rev. Caleb Alexander, 1804-12.
Rev. Bethel Judd, 1813.
Rev. Virgil H Barber, 1815-16.
Samuel Nichols, 1816.
Rev. Daniel McDonald, 1817-20.
David Chassell, 1821-23.
Charles Avery, 1824-27.
Rev David Chassell, 1828-39.
Henry Bannister, 1840-41.
Orrin R. Howard, 1842-44.
Rev. David Chassell, 1845-46.
Rev. Avery Briggs, 1847-50.
Monroe Wood, A. M., 1850.
1 Chap. 267, Laws of 1849.
Principals.
J. R. Griffin, A. M., 1851-52.
Israel Holmes, A. M., 1853.
Rev. L D. Stettins, A. M., 1854.
Rev. John B. Van Petten, A. M., 1855-61.
A. G Cochran, A. M, 1832-63.
Rev. L. B. Barker, A. M., 1864–66.
Rev. John B. Van Petten, A. M., 1867-68.
Walter A. Brownell, A. M., 1869-71.
George S. Griffin, A. M
1872.
Wm. H. Reese, A M., 1873-76.
C V. Purcell, 1877-79.
Rev Charles E. Babcock, 1880-81.
A. K. Sutton, A. M., 1882.
2 In 1811, an arrangement was undertaken through the efforts of the Rev. Amos
G. Baldwin, an Episcopalian clergyman, to secure aid from Trinity Church and
elsewhere, for the establishment of this school under the patronage of his de
nomination. Mr. Judd was the first principal appointed under these auspices,
and the Rev. Mr. McDonald was the last. By an arrangement made January 8,
1821, this patronage was transferred to Geneva, and resulted in the foundation of
"Geneva College." (See Hist. of Ontario County, Evarts, Ensign & Evarts,
Pubs., 1876, p. 68.)
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
619
FAIRFIELD SEMINARY. (Fairfield, Herkimer Co.)
Application was made in 1882 for a charter, and a resolution was
passed July 11, 1883, by the Regents, in which it was promised that
a charter should be granted, upon condition that within two years the
Academy be established and fully equipped, but that it should not
be admitted to share in the Literature Fund until such conditions were
fully complied with. Charter declared absolute November 16, 1883.
This institution is established upon the premises of the old Fairfield
Academy, and the former Medical College building is leased to the
present corporation by the Trustees of the College (who still claim
a legal existence) at a nominal rent.
Rev. John B. Van Petten, A. M., 1883
Principal.
FAIRPORT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Fairport, Mon-
roe Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 9, 1873.
J. R. Gordon, A. M., 1874-78.
J. R Gordon, A. M., 1879.
Principals.
J. R. Gordon, A. M., 1880.
FALLEY SEMINARY OF THE BLACK RIVER CONFERENCE.
FALLEY SEMINARY. (Fulton, Oswego Co.)
The "Fulton Female Seminary" was incorporated by the Legisla-
ture May 25, 1836,2 and admitted by the Regents February 5, 1839.
Changed to "Fulton Academy," April 11, 1842.3 Changed again
by act of April 11, 1849, to " The Falley Seminary of the Black
River Conference." Merged in the "Falley Seminary," March 5,
1857. Named in honor of Mrs. M. E. Falley, who gave the institu-
tion $3,000. Charter declared absolute January 14, 1858.
Maria C. Maynard, 1838-40.
Almira Henshaw, 1841.
Edmond E. E Bragdon, 1842-43.
Benjamin H. C. Cadwell, 1844-46.
Theodore S. Parsons, 1847.
Edmund E. E. Bragdon, 1848-52.
1
¹ Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 447, Laws of 1836.
Chap. 156, Laws of 1842.
4 Chap. 349, Laws of 1849.
Principals.
John R. French, A. M., 1853.
Rev. John W. Armstrong, A. M., 1854-55.
Rev. J. Henry Mansfield, A. B., 1856.
John P. Griffin, A. M, 1857-69.
Rev. James Gilmour, A. M., 1870.
620
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
FARMERS HALL ACADEMY. (Goshen, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 26, 1790. The trustees of
this Academy were empowered by act of April 12, 1822,¹ to act as
trustees of Common Schools in Goshen, if allowed by a vote of the
people. This vote was to be renewed once in six years. This
Academy was discontinued some fourteen years ago.
Egbert Janen, 1805.
John K. Joline, 1808.
Wm. Danielson, 1812.
Nathan Stark, 1813-14.
Joshua Boyd, 1821.
Nathan Stark, 1822.
Principals (Imperfect List.)
Nathan Stark and Wm. Bush, 1823.
Nathan Stark, 1825.
Nathaniel Webb, 1826.
Wm. Beardsley, 1827.
James H. Arnell, 1828.
Nathan Stark, 1833.
Nathaniel Webb, 1837-39.
N. Webb, and B. B. J. McMaster, 1840.
N. Webber and B. Y. Morse, 1841-42.
Stephen D. Bross; Julia Van Inwegen, 1843-44.
Henry Fitch; Julia Van Inwegen, 1845-46.
David L. Towle ; Julia Van Inwegen, 1847.
David L. Towle; Nathaniel Webb, 1848.
David L. Towle, A. M., 1849-50.
D. L. Tower, A. M., 1851-52.
D. I. Towle, A. M., 1853-55.
D. L. Towle, A. M., 1856.
Wm. H. Foster, 1857-58.
Wm. P. Phillips, 1859.
C. W. Davenport, A. M., 1860.
Thomas Bragden, A. B., 1861.
Mrs. M. P. Bradley, 1862.
Miss M. E. Brown, 1863.
Daniel Wells, 1864.
L. S. B. Sawyer, A. M., 1865.
Sanford B. Cook, 1866–69.
Wm. Simpson, 1870.
FAYETTEVILLE ACADEMY.
(See "Fayetteville Union School, Academic Department.")
FAYETTEVILLE SEMINARY. (Fayetteville, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 21, 1857.
FAYETTEVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Fayetteville,
Onondaga Co.)
The “Fayetteville Academy" was incorporated by the Legislature
May 4, 1837.2 Admitted by Regents February 5, 1839.
Merged in the "Fayetteville Union School, Academic Department."
Admitted by the Regents January, 1883.
Robert T. Conant, 1838-39.
David Pease, Jr., 1840.
H. King, 1841.
Oren Hyde, 1842-43.
Almon Gregory, 1844-45.
William W. Marsh, 1846.
Franklin Baker, 1847.
Principals.
David Case, 1848.
Orlo E. Sharp, 1849.
Armon G. Williams, A. M., 1850-52.
Robert D. Hamilton, 1853.
Rev. Philips Payson, 1854.
Charles D. Larkins, Ph. B., 1883.
FEMALE ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART. (New York City.)
Incorporated by the Legislature July 9, 1854.³
[Has not reported to the Regents.]
1 Chap. 197, Laws of 1822.
2 Chap. 317, Laws of 1837.
3 Chap. 439, Laws of 1854.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
621
FFMALE ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART. (Albany.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 19, 1861.¹
[Has not reported to the Regents.]
FEMALE ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART. (Rochester, Monroe
Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1858.2
[Has not reported to the Regents.]
FEMALE INSTITUTION OF THE VISITATION IN THE CITY OF BROOKLYN.
Incorporated for the education of females, and for industrial pur-
poses, and subject to visitation by the common council of Brooklyn,
but not by the Regents.
FISHKILL EDUCATION SOCIETY. (Fishkill, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 11, 1835.³
FISHKILL FEMALE SEMINARY AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Fishkill,
Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1857.4
FLUSHING HIGH SCHOOL [School Dist. No. 5.] (Flushing, Queens
Co.)
By act of May 15, 1875, made subject to visitation oy the Regents,
and entitled to share in the Literature Fund. Admitted November
24, 1876.
Sherman Williams, 1879-82.
Principals.
H F. Burt, A. M., 1883.
FLUSHING INSTITUTE. (Flushing, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1827.5 By the act of
incorporation it was not to be subject to visitation by the Regents,
nor entitled to share n the Literature Fund. Capital increased
March 11, 1828,6 to 400 shares of $50 each. The trustees were
empowered March 30, 1831,7 to mortgage or convey all or any part
of their estate.
1 Chap. 57, Laws of 1861.
2
Chap. 224, Laws of 1858.
3 Chap. 277, Laws of 1835. See Report on Petition, Assem. Doc. 282, 1835.
4 Chap. 603, Laws of 1857.
5 Chap. 321, Laws of 1827.
7
Chap. 61, Laws of 1828.
Chap. 90, Laws of 1831.
*622
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
FONDA ACADEMY. (Fonda, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 15, 1845.¹ Admitted by the
Regents October 11, 1845. Premises of an old colonial church
fitted up and used for academic purposes for a short period.
Principals.
John W. Major, 1846.
J. M. Carroll, 1847-48.
1
FORESTVILLE FREE ACADEMY. (Forestville, Chautauqua Co.)
Organized under general act
Regents January 10, 1867.
Theophilus L. Griswold, 1867.
Levi D. Miller, A. M., 1871-73.
Oliver E. Branch, 1874-75.
Marcellus W. Darling, 1876.
S. H. Albro, A. M., 1877.
of June 18, 1853.2 Admitted by
Principals.
Henry A Balcom, Ph. D., 1878.
John T Cothran, M. A., 1879–80.
Henry W. Callihan, A. B., 1881.
Alanson Wedge, 1882.
George W. Ellis, A. M., 1883.
}
4
FORT COVINGTON ACADEMY. (Fort Covington, Franklin Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 21, 1831.3 Allowed to
build on the Public Square April 13, 1832. Admitted by the
Regents October 21, 1831. Re-organized April 11, 1853, under a
Board of Education. Time for meeting of Board of Education
fixed by special act June 24, 1881.6
Rev. John A. Savage, 1831,
Alexander W. Buel,
Daniel Branch, 1833.
Milton Bradley, 1835.
Rev. H. B. Dodge, 1836.
Ebenezer H. Squier, 1837-39.
Millar,
•
John Bradshaw, 1841-43.
James C. Spencer,
Caleb S. Sanford, 1846-47.
Rev. Luther Humphrey, 1848-49.
George A. Atwood, 1850-51.
A. J. Brown, A. B., 1854-56.
George M. Wheeler, 1857.
Principals.
Rev. John Bell, A. M., 1858-61.
Rev. J. Spencer Blandin, 1862-64.
John B. Young, A. M., 1865-68.
James S. Howard, 1869.
George G. Ryan, 1870.
Walter H. Winchester, 1871-72.
James W. White, 1873.
G. W. F. Smith, 1874.
Joseph B. Erwin, 1875.
Walter H. Winchester, 1876
Millard F. Perry, 1877–80.
John H. Gardner, 1881.
Leslie R. Grover, A. B., 1882.
Warren J. Cheney, 1883.
FORT EDWARD COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
Incorporated by the Regents July 8, 1854, as the " Washington
County Seminary and Collegiate Institute." Name changed by the
Regents January 13, 1865, to " Fort Edward Collegiate Institute.”
Allowed March 27, 1855,7 to increase capital stock to $75,000.
1 Chap. 188, Laws of 1845.
2 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
3 Chap. 222, Laws of 1831.
Chap 127, Laws of 1832.
Chap. 155, Laws of 1853.
6 Chap. 104, Laws of 1881.
7
Chap. 103, Laws of 1855.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
623*
Rev. Joseph E. King, D. D, 1853–
Principal.
FORT EDWARD UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Fort
Edward, Washington Co.)
Admitted by the Regents June 10, 1873.
D. C. Farr, A. B, 1873-77.
Principals.
George A. Hoadley, A. M., C. E., 1880.
Earl P. Wright, 1878-79.
FORT PLAIN SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Fort
Plain, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents October 20, 1853, and
charter made absolute February 9, 1855. Allowed by act of April.
2, 1858,¹ to borrow money, not over $4,000 in amount, and mort-
gage premises. Sold to the "Clinton Liberal Institute" and that
institution removed from Clinton, Oneida county, under act of April
11, 1877.2
Principals.
Rev. James E. Latimer A M., 1855-57.
William H. Banister, A. M., 1858-60.
Rev. Benjamin I. Diefendorf, A. M., 1861-65.
Rev N. G. Spaulding, A. M., 1866.
FRANKLIN ACADEMY.
Rev. Benjamin I. Diefendorf, A. M., 1867–71.
H. A. Merrill, 1872
F. H. Graham, 1873.
Rev. Abraham Mattice, A. M., 1874-79.
(Malone, Franklin Co.)
A building was erected for academic purposes in 1806. At a
special town meeting held in 1810, the clerk was directed to solicit
a deed of the lot intended for the Academy, and a lot of four acres,
exclusive of highways, was executed by Richard Harrison, the prin-
cipal owner of the town, October 12, 1810, the location being on
the west side of Salmon river, which divides the village by a deep,
narrow valley. An application was made in 1811 for a charter,
under the name of "Harrison Academy," but not granted on account
of insufficient funds. A charter was promised March 11, 1811,
whenever an income of $100 a year was secured, but the measure
failed, and the school was run upon private account for many years
under the name of the "Harrison Academy."
In May, 1823, a subscription was attempted, but failed. In Sep-
tember, 1827, it was renewed and continued until a charter was ob-
tained from the Regents April 28, 1831, limited to twenty years, and
upon condition that whenever the fund ceased to yield a revenue of
$250 a year, the grant should be void.
¹Chap. 93, Laws of 1858.
2 Chap. 105, Laws of 1877.
624
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
An act for relief was passed April 17, 1832,¹ and February 25,
1836,2 the sum of $2,000 was loaned from the school fund for re-
building, to be repaid in four installments by town tax. Another
loan of $1,200 was authorized from the same fund April 15, 1857,³
and to be repaid in like manner.
A new building was erected in 1836, near the old one. It was of
stone, 36 by 64 feet and three stories high.
A second charter was applied for April 27, 1851, and granted, upon
condition that the endowment should never be reduced below $2,500,
that the premises should be used for academic purposes only, and
that before April 27, 1854, it should be reported free of debt.
School Districts 1, 14, 15 and 23 of Malone were consolidated
April 19, 1858,* under the name of "The Village School District of
the Town of Malone," and placed under five trustees, one to be
elected annually. This Board of Trustees was allowed to make
arrangements with the Franklin Academy to teach certain branches
of education upon such terms as might be deemed proper. The ex-
pense was limited to $1,000 a year, April 7, 1863,5 and only residents
of village admitted to academic privileges. Money might be raised
by tax, and borrowed for building. A Board of Education formed
January 24, 1867,6 composed of five elected trustees and five trustees
of the Franklin Academy.
A loan of $18,000 from the school fund, payable in sums of
$2,000 with interest by tax, was authorized April 5, 1867,7 and the
town was allowed, February 28, 1868, to raise the further sum of
$10,000 by tax for school buildings. On the 7th of February,
1879,⁹ a loan of $7,000 was allowed for a school-house, and May 8,
1880,10 tuition was made free to all residents of the district. A loan
of $15,000 was allowed March 16, 1881," for rebuilding central
school-house and March 3, 1882,12 the school meeting was allowed to
raise money for a public library and reading-room.
1 Chap. 170, Laws of 1832; relating to the recording of mortgages.
2 Chap. 29, Laws of 1836.
3 Chap. 625, Laws of 1857.
4 Chap. 370, Laws of 1858.
5
Chap. 88, Laws of 1863.
• Chap.
7, Laws of 1867.
४
Chap. 263, Laws of 1867.
8 Chap. 14, Laws of 1868.
⁹ Chap. 102, Laws of 1879.
10 Chap. 197, Laws of 1880.
11 Chap. 35, Laws of 1881.
12 Chap. 11, Laws of 1882.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
625
Principals.
Daniel D. Gorham, A. M., 1850-60.
David H. Crittenden, A M., 1861.
John J. Gilbert, A. M., 1861-67.
Gilbert B. Manley, A. M., 1868-70.
William S. Aumock, A. M., 1870–76.
M. Eugene McClary, A. B., 1876.
Simeon Bicknell, 1833-36.
Nathan S Boynton, 1837-38.
Lorenzo Colvin, 1839-40.
Worden Reynolds, 1841.
John Hatton.
Elos L. Winslow, 1842.
George H. Wood, A. M., 1843-49.
FRANKLIN ACADEMY.
(Prattsburgh.)
(See “ Franklin Academy and Union School of Prattsburgh.”)
FRANKLIN ACADEMY AND UNION SCHOOL OF PRATTSBURGH. (Pratts-
burgh, Steuben Co.)
The "Franklin Academy" was incorporated by the Regents
April 28, 1831. By act of April 17, 1828,¹ the sum of $2,000 was
released by the State, on a debt due to State from George McClure,
the money to be expended, when received from the debt, for books
and apparatus.
Merged in the "Franklin Academy and Union School of Pratts-
burgh." Admitted by the Regents May 18, 1880.
Wm. Beardsley, 1824-26.
Eli Eddy, 1828-29.
Seymour Gookins, 1830-31.
Oliver S Taylor, 1833-34.
Samuel Schaffer, 1835.
Horace Woodruff, 1836-38.
Flavel S. Gaylord, 1839-45.
Curtis C. Balwin, 1846.
Seth B Cole, A. M., 1847-54.
Charles L Porter, A M., 1855.
William H Jackson, A. M., 1856-58
Wm. Kritzer. A. M., 1859,
Wm. D. Taylor, A. B., 1860.
Principals.
Sherrill E Smith, A. B., 1861-66.
N. W Ayer, A. M., 1867.
Henry C. Whiting, A. B., 1868.
G. E. McMaster, 1869.
S. F. Bagg, 1870–71.
Paul E Howes, 1872.
A J. Osborne, 1873-74.
James Christie, A. M., 1875–77.
Wm. F. Galston, B. A., 1878.
Frank E. Wells, 1879-80.
Irving H. Rogers, 1881.
Roland S. Keyser, Ph. D., 1883—.
FREDONIA ACADEMY. (Fredonia, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature November 25, 1824.2 The sum
of $350 a year, granted for five years, to aid in paying salaries,
April 20, 1825.3 Number of Trustees reduced from thirteen to
seven, February 9, 1829. Admitted by Regents February 23, 1830.
Superseded by the "Fredonia Normal and Training School,"
in 1866.5
J. Addison Eastman, 1830.
4
Principals.
Frederick A. Redington, 1844-48.
J Addison Eastman and Henry Chauncey, 1831.Charles A. Seeley, A. B., 1849-50.
Henry Chany, 1833-36.
Henry Chany and Charles H. Palmer, 1837.
Charles H. Palmer, 1838-43.
1
¹ Chap. 234, Laws of 1828.
2 Chap. 319, Laws of 1824
David H. Cochran, A M, 1851-53.
Daniel J. Pratt, A. M., 1854-63.
Homer T. Fuller, A. B., 1864-67.
3 Chap. 226, Laws of 1825.
4 Chap. 25, Laws of 1829.
5 Chap. 466, Laws of 1866.
79
626
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
FRIENDS' ACADEMY.
(See "Oakwood Seminary.")
FRIENDSHIP ACADEMY. (Friendship, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 8, 1849. The town is au-
thorized to issue bonds to the amount of $,3000, and $500 a year,
and issue bonds for the benefit of this Academy, March 20, 1871.¹
By another act passed June 14, 1873,2 the sum of $4,000 might be
raised for improvements and repairs. The clause allowing an an-
nual tax, in the act of 1871, was repealed June 7, 1875.3
Jeremiah Hatch, Jr., A. M., 1849-53.
Prosper Miller, A. M., 1854-68.
Frank W. Stevens, 1869.
Principals.
W. H. Pitt, A. M., 1870.
Prosper Miller, A. M., 1873——,
FULTON ACADEMY; FULTON FEMALE SEMINARY; FULTON SEMINARY.
(See "Falley Seminary.")
FULTON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Fulton, Oswego
Co.)
Admitted by the Regents May 18, 1880.
William H. Coats, 1881.
Principals.
Asa Boothby, A. M., 1882-
GAINES ACADEMY. (Gaines, Orleans Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 14, 1827.¹ Admitted by
the Regents January 26, 1830.
The property of this Academy was sold about 1844, and a private
school was taught two or three years upon the premises, when it was
closed from want of support.
Lewis S. Morgan, 1831-33.
Principals.
Julius Bates, 1838-41.
Timothy F. Clary, 1842.
James L. Alverson, 1847-48.
David Gazley, 1829-30.
Illman A. Moore, 1833-36.
J. Ketchum, Julius Bates, 1837.
GALWAY ACADEMY.
(Galway, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature
May 26, 1836.5 Admitted by
the Regents January 29, 1839. Capital stock may be increased
1
¹ Chap. 130, Laws of 1871.
3 Chap. 528, Laws of 1875.
2 Chap. 775, Laws of 1873.
4 Chap. 272, Laws of 1827.
5 Chap. 528, Laws of 1836.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
627
March 24, 1837,1 to $3,500, within five years, as provided in act of
incorporation.
Rev. Gilbert Morgan, 1838.
Principals.
Alexander Watson, 1839.
GALWAY ACADEMY.2 (Galway, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 11, 1845. Discontinued in
1850. The building was after a time occupied as a proprietary
female seminary till 1863, when this was removed to Ballston. The
building, after standing idle several years, was burned down Novem-
ber 30, 1871.
Paoli Dunkee, A. B., 1845-50.
Rev. D. W. Smith, 1851-55.
Mrs. M. A. Smith, 1856-57.
Principals.
Rev. D W. Smith, 1858.
P. N. Glidden, 1859.
Rev. D. W. Smith, 1860-64.
Genesee and WYOMING SEMINARY. (Alexander, Genesee Co.)
This was formerly the "Alexander Classical School." Incor-
porated by the Legislature May 6, 1834.3 Revived by act of April
20, 1836.4 Admitted by Regents February 5, 1839. The trustees
not having sufficient funds to finish their building, it was mort-
gaged, and afterward sold to the Hon. Henry Hawkins, and in
1845 merged in the "Genesee and Wyoming Seminary." A new
charter was granted by the Regents under this name, March 27,
1845.
Mr. Henry Hawkins, the purchaser, deeded the premises to the
trustees, and gave an endowment of $4,000 on condition that there
be maintained a school of a certain grade at least twenty years. This
condition was fulfilled, and several years more than the time re-
quired.
William Crocker, 1838-42.
Principals.
Norman F. Wright, A. B., 1845-53.
Charles Hopkins, 1854.
Horace Briggs, A. M., 1854-61.
M. H. Slee, 1862-66.
J. S. Bothwell, A. M., 1867-68.
Principals.
H. King, 1843.
(Under present name.)
Emily G. Thrall, 1872-74.
Charles E. Polard, 1875.
George M. Browne, 1876-77.
Mrs. Julia Hughes Harris, 1879-81.
George Conant, 1883.
GENESEE CONFERENCE SEMINARY. (Pike, Wyoming Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents February 1, 1856.
1 Chap. 101, Laws of 1837.
2 See Sylvester's Hist. of Saratoga Co., p. 362.
3 Chap. 297, Laws of 1834.
4 Chap. 162, Laws of 1836.
628
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Charter declared absolute January 14, 1858. Name changed to
"Pike Seminary" by the Regents October 13, 1859.
Principal.
Rev Zenas Hurd, A. M., 1857-59.
GENESEE SEMINARY. (Batavia, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 11, 1835.¹ Organized and
continued three or four years, its first principal being Miss
Mason.
GENESEE MANUAL LABOR SEMINARY. (Bethany, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1832." Re-incorporated
March 27, 1834.3 Official acts of the Secretary of the Board con-
firmed April 20, 1835.*
GENESEE VALLEY SEMINARY. (Belfast, Allegany Co.)
Incorported provisionally by the Regents January 8, 1857. Ad-
mitted to share in the Literature Fund January 9, 1862. Merged
in the "Genesee Valley Seminary and Belfast Union School," which
was admitted by the Regents January 10, 1879.
Rev. Samuel B. Throop, A. M., 1859-60.
Rev. J. Hendrick, A. M., 1861-67.
Rev. J. A. Fradenburgh, A. M 1868.
R. A. Waterbury, A. B., 1869-71.
D. N. Burke, A. M., 1872.
F. E. Wells, 1873.
Principals.
Melvin E. Crowell, 1874-75.
C. D. Davie, A. B., 1876.
E. A. Parks, 1877.
J E. Dewey, 1878.
Floyd M. Crandall, 1880-82.
Irvin H. Rogers, 1883.
GENESEE WESLEYAN SEMINARY. (Lima, Livingston Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 30, 1833,5 and again May
1, 1834.6 Act amended March 9, 1836,7 declaring the institutions
subject to visitation by the Regents, and entitled to share in the
Literature Fund.
By an act passed April 26, 1839, the sum of $10,000 was allowed
to be loaned for ten years. The sum of $2,300 to be paid annually
1 Chap. 269, Laws of 1835.
2 Chap. 123, Laws of 1832.
3 Chap. 53, Laws of 1834.
4 Chap. 112, Laws of 1835
5 Chap. 304, Laws of 1833.
6
Chap. 225, Laws of 1834. Petition of Genesee Conf. of M. E. Church, Assem.
Doc. 50, 1834.
Chap. 44, Laws of 1836.
* Chap. 254, Laws of 1839.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
629
for six years from the United States Deposit Fund, for payment of
interest and principal of a bond and mortgage given to the State
May 20, 1839. Act of May 3, 1844. A like sum granted for 1847
and 1848.2
3
Genesee College, established upon the premises of G. W. Sem, at
Lima, February 27, 1849, and the Seminary property occupied upon
such terms, either absolute or conditional, as the trustees of the two
may determine. The Seminary was not suspended by this arrange-
ment but continued as before.
4
The College was allowed April 14, 1869, to remove to Syracuse
and provision made for the separation of financial affairs. By an
act passed May 21, 1873,5 the rights of the Western New York Con-
ference, with respect to the Seminary and the College, were more
fully defined.
Genesee College was further enabled, February 6, 1875,6 to con-
tract with the Seminary to fulfill the obligations of the College, with
respect to certain scholarships and other engagements relating to the
Professorship of Agriculture. In this a grant of $25,000 from the
College Land Grant of 1862, which had been given to the College
for the endowment of a Professorship of Agriculture, was retained
by the Seminary.
By an act passed February 6, 1875,7 the corporation of the Semi-
nary was empowered to hold an estate with an annual income of
$50,000, and might sell and dispose of the same. The powers of the
trustees were enlarged with respect to regulations, by-laws, etc.
Samuel Luckey, 1836.
Rev. Schuyler Seager, 1837-43.
George Loomis, 1844-46.
James L. Alverson, A. M., 1847-50.
Rev. Moses Crow, A. B.. 1851.
Rev. Benj. F. Tefft, D. D., 1852.
Rev. Moses Crow, D. D., 1853.
Rev. Schuyler Seager, A. M., 1854-55
Principals.
Charles W. Bennett, A. M., 1856–59.
Zenas Hurd, A. M., 1860-61.
William Wells, A. M., 1862-64.
Charles W. Bennett, A. M, 1865-66.
Spencer R. Fuller, A. M., 1867-68.
Rev. Herbert T. Fisk, A. M., 1869–73.
Rev. George W. Bridgman, A. M., D. D,1874.
GENESEO ACADEMY. (Geneseo, Livingston Co.)
Incorporated in 1827 as the "Livingston County High School
¹ Chap. 253, Laws of 1844.
2 Chap. 258, Laws of 1847.
3 Chap. 52, Laws of 1849.
4 Chap. 192, Laws of 1869. Minority report in Assembly, Assem. Doc. 99, 1869.
5 Chap. 558, Laws of 1873.
6
Chap. 12, Laws of 1875.
'Chap. 13, Laws of 1875.
8
Chap. 64, Laws of 1827. Act amended April 9, 1833 (chap. 122, Laws of 1833).
630
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
·
Association." Name changed by act of May 13, 1846.¹ Super-
ceded by the " Wadsworth Normal and Training School,” in 1866.
George Willson, 1833-34,
Alvah Bennett, 1836-37.
Samuel Treat, Jr., 1838-39.
Samuel Treat, Jr., H. N. Robinson, 1840.
Horatio N Robinson, 1841-44.
Charles H. Palmer, 1845.
Dougall McCall, 1846-47.
Principals.
William McLaren, 1848.
Rev. James H. Baird, A. B., 1849.
Franklin B. Francis, 1850.
Rev. James Nichols, A. M., 1851-56.
Rev. L. Leonard, A. M., 1857-58.
Rev. Charles Ray, A. M., 1863–74,
H. D. Gregory. Ph. D., A. M., 1875.
GENEVA ACADEMY. (Geneva, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 29, 1813.2 Merged in "Gen-
eva College" in 1825.
Ransom Hubbell, 1815.
Rev. John S. Cook, 1817.
1 ¹ Chap. 309, Laws of 1846.
Principals.
Rev. Daniel McDonald, D. D., 1821–24.
" As this institution became the germ of Geneva (now Hobart) College, the fol-
lowing document has interest in showing the first effort made in the establish-
ment of an Academy, and six years before an academic charter was obtained :
Petition for the incorporation of Geneva Academy.
To the Honorable the Regents of the University of the State of New York :
The petition and application of the subscribers and benefactors of an Academy
in the village of Geneva, in the county of Ontario, humbly sheweth:
That your petitioners have erected and instituted an Academy in the village of
Geneva, for the instruction of youth in the languages and other branches of use-
ful learning, and that your petitioners have contributed more than one-half in
value of the real and personal property and estate collected and appropriated for
the use and benefit of said Academy. And your petitioners being fully per-
suaded that the object of the institution will be essentially promoted by an incor-
poration of the Academy:
Your petitioners beg leave further to represent, that the real estate belonging
to their Academy consists of a lot of land fronting the public square in the said
village of Geneva, on which they have erected a building twenty-five feet by
thirty-eight feet, and one and a half stories high, and that they have for upwards
of two years past employed a gentleman of abilities, regularly graduated at
Princeton College, who together with an assistant has the superintendence of
upwards of sixty students.
Your petitioners therefore request that the said Academy may be incorporated,
and subject to the visitation of the Regents of the University, and beg leave to
nominate John Nicholas, E. H. Gordon, William Tappan, Septimus Evans, John
Heslop, James Rees, Polydore B. Wisner, Herman H. Bogert, Robert Scot, Robert
S. Rose, Robert Troup, Samuel Colt, Walter Grieve, Jedediah Chapman and Da-
vid Cook Trustees of the said Academy, and that the said Trustees be called and
distinguished by the name of "Trustees of the Geneva Academy."
And your petitioners as in duty bound will ever pray.
John Nicholas,
Robert Troup,
Walter Grieve,
Robert Scot,
John Heslop,
James Rees,
Samuel Colt,
Jared W. Hallett,
H. H. Bogert,
Robert S. Rose,
Elijah H. Gordon,
Charles Gordon,
GENEVA, 30th January, 1807.
John Woods,
Robert Norris,
D. W. Lewis,
Jacob Backenston,
David Naglee,
David Cook,
Ezra Patterson,
Richard Larzelere,
Polydore B. Wisner,
Septimus Evans,
William Tappan.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
631
GENEVA CLASSICAL AND UNION SCHOOL. (Geneva, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1853.¹ Admitted by
Regents February 10, 1854. Further provision made in relation to
election of trustees March 16, 1869.2 The Board allowed to borrow
money to complete building February 8, 1870.3
James C. Dexter, 1853.
James E. Dexter, 1854-55.
C. M. Hutchens, 1856-57.
GENOA ACADEMY.
Principals.
B. J. Bristol, 1858-59.
William H. Vrooman, A. M., 1860-79.
Henry K. Clapp, A. M., 1880.
(Genoa, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 4, 1847. Authorized April
16, 1852, to sell property and pay debts. Authorized April 3,
1868,5 to sell, transfer and convey to trustees of school district No.
6, of the town of Genoa.
Principals.
Marion M. Baldwin, A. B., 1849–50.
Samuel W. Dana, A. M., 1851-52.
GERMAN-AMERICAN SCHOOL OF MORRISANIA. (Morrisania, West-
chester Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 2, 1865.
GILBERTSVILLE ACADEMY AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Gilbertsville,
Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents May 4, 1841.
John G. K. Truair, 1841-46.
Edward H. Johnston, 1847.
Ivory Chamberlain, A. M., 1850.
M. S. Converse, A. M., 1851.
Rev. Abel Wood, A. M., 1852.
Franklin Wood, A. M., 1853-54.
Rev. Abel Wood, A. B., 1855-56.
Principals.
GLENS FALLS ACADEMY.
J. C. Donaldson, A. M., 1857-61.
A. McMaster, 1862-64.
Rev. James J. Pease, A. M., 1865–68.
David Keppel, 1869.
John Kelly, 1870.
Rev. Abel Wood, A. M., 1872.
(Glens Falls, Warren Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 12, 1842.
Thomas Farnsworth, 1842.
Ellridge Hosmer, 1843.
LeRoy Satterlee, 1844-45.
George Rugg, 1846.
Jerome Rowe, 1847.
Samuel W. Pope, 1848.
William McLaren, 1849-50.
Rev. Jason F. Walker, A. M., 1851–52.
Warren S. Adams, A. B., 1853.
1
¹ Chap. 252, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 43, Laws of 1869.
Principals.
George Rugg, 1854-55.
Rev. John H. Babcock, 1856-57.
Edson Fobes, A. M., 1858-62.
Rev. J. A. Russell, A. M., 1864-67.
A. B. Abbott, A. B., 1868-71.
Christopher W. Hall, A. B., 1872.
W. A. Holman, A. B., 1873.
James S. Cooley, A. M., 1871-76.
Daniel C. Farr, A. M., 1879.
3 Chap. 91, Laws of 1870.
4 Chap. 342, Laws of 1852.
5 Chap. 128, Laws of 1868.
632
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
GLOVERSVILLE UNION ACADEMY. (Gloversville, Fulton Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 11, 1855.
Charter declared absolute January 13, 1859. Allowed by act of
March 19, 1863, to give a mortgage of $5,000 to pay outstanding
debts. At least ten per cent of this must be paid annually, and no
share allowed from the Literature Fund, if there is default in pay-
ment.¹ The requirement as to ten per cent was released March 28,
1864,2 but that concerning participation in Literature Fund con-
tinued. Merged in the Gloversville Union School, as its Academic
Department.
Fitz Henry Weld, A. M., 1858-64.
George W. McClellan, 1865.
Principals.
R. S. Bingham, A. M., 1866-67.
Henry A. Pratt, A. B., 1868.
GOUVERNEUR HIGH SCHOOL.
(See "Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary.")
GOUVERNEUR WESLEYAN SEMINARY. (Gouverneur, St. Lawrence
Co.)
A movement began March 31, 1826, toward the establishment of
a High School, and $540 were raised in shares of $10. It was pro-
posed to name the institution the "Gouverneur Union Academy."
Incorporated by the Legislature April 5, 1828.3 Admitted by
Regents February 19, 1827, as the "Gouverneur High School."
Changed to "Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary," April 25, 1840.*
The sum of $2,000 was allowed to be loaned to the town of
Gouverneur to aid in rebuilding, March 9, 1839.5 Name changed
to "Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary," April 25, 1840.6
The patronage of the Methodist Episcopal denomination was trans-
ferred in 1868 from Gouverneur to Antwerp. An act was passed
April 23, 1869,7 allowing the town of Gouverneur to levy a tax of
$20,000 for building and repairs. A supplementary act passed
March 16, 1871,8 allowed the interest on this sum to be raised
annually. Further provision was made with respect to this fund,
May 13, 1876.9
The Academic building of this institution was burned January
1, 1839. It was rebuilt the next year at a cost of $5,500.
¹ Chap. 35, Laws of 1863.
2 Chap. 82, Laws of 1864.
3 Chap. 162, Laws of 1828.
4 Chap. 169, Laws of 1840.
5 Chap. 64, Laws of 1839.
6 Chap. 169, Laws of 1840.
7 Chap. 291, Laws of 1869.
8 Chap. 117, Laws of 1871.
9 Chap. 265, Laws of 1876.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
633
Ruger and
poration).
Principals.
Morgan (before incor- William W. Clark, A. M., 1850-52.
Rev. E. C. Bruce, A. M., 1853-60.
Rev. Andrew Roe, A. M., 1861-63.
Rev. George G. Daines, 1864-70.
M. H. Fitts, 1871-76.
Rev. Joseph Hopkins, 1830-37.
Rev. Jesse T. Peck, 1837-40.
Loren B. Knox, 1840-42.
Rev. A. W. Cummings, 1842-44.
Rev. John W. Armstrong, 1844-50.
H. W. Hunt, A. M., 1877-80.
Martin R. Sackett, A. M., 1831.
GOWANDA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Gowanda,
Cattaraugus Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 29, 1863.¹ Admitted by
the Regents July 9, 1878.
Fred. Dick, A. M., 1879-80.
Rovellus R. Rogers, A. B., 1881.
Principals.
Willard D. Ball, A. B., 1882.
Frank S. Thorpe, A. M., 1883.
GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. (New York city.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 17, 1838.
Matthew Cushing, A. M., 1763.
Alexander Leslie, A. M.
William Cochran, A. M., 1784.
Head Masters.
John D. Ogilby, A. B., 1829-30.
Charles Anthon, LL. D. (Rector) 1830-64.
GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF MADISON UNIVERSITY.
(See "Colgate Academy.")
GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF NEW YORK CENTRAL COLLEGE. (McGrawville,
Cortland Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 14, 1858.
Principal.
Leonard G. Calkins, A. M., 1857-58.
GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK.
(New York city.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 17, 1838.
Cyrus Mason, 1838-44.
Principals.
E. A. Johnson, 1845-53.
GRANVILLE ACADEMY. (Granville, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 31, 1828.2 Admitted by
Regents April 16, 1830. About 1870 the building and lot were sold
to the school district, and they are still used for school purposes.
2
¹Chap. 252, Laws of 1863.
Chap. 139, Laws of 1828.
89
634
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
John J. Collins, 1839.
Eli T. Mack, 1834-36.
John T. Walcott, 1837.
Eli T. Mack, 1838-48.
Salem Town, A. M., 1828-29.
Hiram Bulkley, 1881.
Eli T. Mack, A. B., 1849-50.
Samuel Breck, A. B., 1851-52.
Principals.
John M. W. Farnham, 1853.
William N. Bacon, 1854.
J. E. Taylor, A. B., 1856-57.
Charles I.. Mason, 1858.
Hiram Orcutt, 1859.
Lyman Walker, 1860.
Charles L. Mason, 1861-64.
C. F. Doud, 1865-70.
GRANVILLE MILITARY INSTITUTE.
(See "North Granville Ladies' Seminary."')
GREENBUSH AND SCHODACK ACADEMY. (East Greenbush, Rensselaer
Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 25, 1831.¹ Admitted by
Regents February 27, 1841. Act of incorporation amended with
respect to voting of shareholders, every $25 to be allowed one
vote, April 26, 1832.2
James Hoyt, 1840.
William C. Hornfager, 1841.
Peter S. Williamson, 1842.
Principals.
H. G. Bulkley, 1843-45.
Gad Lyman, 1846-47.
Rev. William E. Waterbury, 1848-53.
GREENE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
nango Co.)
(Greene, Che-
Organized under chapter 555, Laws of 1864. Admitted by the
Regents March 11, 1874.
J. E. Bartoo, 1875.
A. J. Osborne, 1876.
E. W. Rogers, 1877.
C. M. Cunningham, 1878.
Principals.
GREENVILLE ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Regents
Rev. Daniel Parker, A. M., 1816-17.
Andrew Huntington, 1818-22.
Joseph Hyde, 1823.
Orsen Spencer, 1824.
Egbert B. Wheeler, 1825-29.
Tyrell Blair, 1833.
Elijah Garfield, 1842-46.
Lorenzo Hand, 1847-49.
John W. Round, A. M., 1850.
Lorenzo Hand, A. M., 1851.
James H. Brainard, 1852.
O. H. Wright, 1853-54.
I Chap. 272, Laws of 1831.
E. T. De Bell, 1879-80.
Willis Robert Hall, 1881-82.
J. Welland Hendrick, A. M., 1883-
(Greenville, Greene Co.)
February 27, 1816.
Principals.
James V. D. Ayers, 1855-56.
Bentley S. Foster, 1857.
James V. D. Ayers, A. M., 1858-60.
H. O. Abbott, A. B., 1861.
James V. D. Ayers, 1862-64.
David A. Bennett, A. B., 1865.
Alexander Reynolds, 1866-68.
D. Herbert Smith, 1869-70.
Philetus Phillips, A. M., 1871-72.
Edgar D. Coonley, 1873.
James V. D. Ayers, M. A., 1874-81.
Rev. W. F. Albrecht, 1882-
2 Chap. 331, Laws of 1832. Report on petition of Greenbush and Schodack
Academy. Assem Doc. 218, 1836.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
635
GREENWICH UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Greenwich,
Washington Co.)
Formerly "Union Village Academy." Changed in 1868.
1
Principals.
Clarence J. Doughty, 1874-76.
Warrington Somers, A. M., 1877-82.
C. L. Morey, 1883.
GRIFFITH ACADEMY; GRIFFITH INSTITUTE. (Springville, Erie Co.)
Incorporated as “Springville Academy" by the Legislature March
19, 1827.¹ Changed by the Regents to "Griffith Academy," and by
the Legislature March 16, 1866,2 to "Griffith Institute," which are
regarded as synonymous terms. Named from Archibald Griffith,
who gave the institution an endowment. United with Union Free
School District No. 1, of Concord, Erie county, and provision made
with respect to funds by act of April 4, 1876.3 Admitted by the
Regents April 12, 1879.
Hiram H. Barney, 1831.
Lorenzo Parsons, 1833-38.
Edwin E. Williams, 1889-40.
Alexander C. Huestis, 1841-43.
Ephraim C. Hall, 1844-45.
J. W. Earle, 1846-49.
Moses Lane, A. M., 1850-52.
Ezekiel Cutler, Jr., A. B., 1853.
Eden Sprout, Jr., A. B., 1854.
William S. Aumock, A. M., 1855-58.
Principals.
GROTON
Rev. David Copeland, A. M., 1859-65.
Rev. Charles R. Pomeroy, A. M., 1860.
Rev. Andrew McIntire, 1867.
William H. Rogers, A. M., 1868-69.
Anderson R. Wightman, A. M., 1871-72.
Rev. William H. Rogers, A. M., 1873.
Jno. W. O'Brien, A. B., 1874-75.
Samuel W. Eddy, A. B., 1878-79.
G. W. Ellis, A. B., 1879-82.
Elbert W. Griffiths, 1883.
ACADEMY.
(See "Groton Union School, Academic Department.")
GROTON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Groton, Tomp-
kins Co.)
4
The "Groton Academy" was incorporated by the Legislature
May 9, 1837. Admitted by Regents January 29, 1829. Merged
in the "Groton Union School, Academic Department," which was
organized under chapter 555, Laws of 1864, and admitted by the
Regents June 10, 1873.
¹Chap. 86, Laws of 1827.
2 Chap. 168, Laws of 1866.
3 Chap. 93, Laws of 1876.
Chap. 368, Laws of 1837.
636
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Stephen W. Clark, 1838-40.
Samuel D. Carr, 1841.
Carleton Parker, 1842-43.
Samuel D. Carr, 1844-46.
James E. Dexter, 1847.
Mrs. D. E. Sackett, 1850.
Rev. R. H. Clare, A. B., 1851-52.
S. G. Williams, A. B., 1853-56.
Miss R. J. Woodbury, 1857.
HALF MOON ACADEMY.
Principals.
Incorporated by the Regents
S. G. Williams, A. M., 1858-59.
Joseph E. Scott, A. B., 1860-61.
Marion M. Baldwin, A. M., 1862-72.
B. L. Robinson, 1873.
A. Norton Fitch, Ph. B., 1874.
A. M. Baldwin, Ph. B., 1875.
V. L. Davey, A. B., 1876-78.
R. S. Keyser, A. M., 1879-81.
Arch. C. McLachlan, A. B., 1882.
(Half Moon, Saratoga Co.)
February 14, 1851. Stockholders
allowed by act passed April 5, 1859,¹ to sell their property and, after
paying debts, to divide the remainder among the stockholders.
E. W. Capron, A. B., 1850-51.
Silas Smith, A. M., 1852-54.
Samuel Hall, A. M., 1855-56.
Rev. F. N. Barlow, 1864-66.
Charles F. Brockway, 1867-69.
Principals.
Mastin L. Ferris, 1870-71.
William H. Wing, 1872-73.
Rev. R. Davies, 1874.
Anna Smith, 1875.
Emma Moody, 1876.
HAMBURGH UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Hamburgh
Erie Co.)
Organized under chapter 555, Laws of 1864, and admitted by the
Regents January 13, 1870.
Charles W. Richards, 1870-73.
A. R. Wightman, A. M., 1874-75
Fred Dick, A. B., 1876-77.
D. W. Allen, 1878.
Principals.
HAMILTON ACADEMY.
John H. Philip, A. B., 1879-80.
Philip A. Laing, 1881-82.
Fayette Kelly, A. M., 1883.
(Hamilton, Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 23, 1824. The trustees
were authorized April 5, 1855, to raise $20,000 to be issued in shares
of from $10 to $100 each, for the purpose of rebuilding after a fire.
The children of shareholders to receive free tuition.2
The Board of Education of consolidated districts 1, 14 and 17,
were allowed by act of March 31, 1866,³ to adopt this Academy as
their Academic Department.
4
Further provision was made by acts of April 27, 1869, and March
27, 1871,5 respecting the Union School in Hamilton.
1
¹ Chap. 124, Laws of 1859.
2 Chap. 156, Laws of 1855. Reports relating to this Academy were made as fol-
lows: Concerning apportionment, Assem. Doc. 304, 1830. An establishment of
a teachers' department, Senate Doc. 58, 1840.
3 Chap. 316, Laws of 1866.
4
Chap. 369, Laws of 1869.
5 Chap. 173, Laws of 1871.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
637
Zenas Morse, A. M., 1824-34.
Alvin Lathrop, 1835.
Joseph Phelps, Jr., 1836.
Zenas Morse, A. M., 1837-46.
Munroe Weed, A. M., 1847-49.
Principals.
Lucian Osborn, A. M., 1850-51.
Clinton C. Buell, A. B., 1852-56.
A. B. Campbell, A. M., 1856-59.
Clinton C. Buell, A. M., 1859-60.
HAMILTON FEMALE SEMINARY. (Hamilton, Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 17, 1856. Now conducted
as a private school.
C. C. Bush, A. M., 1856-59.
Principals.
Mary A. Hastings, 1860-64.
HAMILTON-ONEIDA ACADEMY. (Kirkland, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 29, 1793. Merged in
Hamilton College in 1812. During the fourteen years of the exist-
ence of this Academy the students numbered from forty to sixty,
including a number of young ladies.¹ A building that was large and
fine for its day was begun and occupied by the trustees of the
Academy, but not entirely finished until after it became a College.
(See "Hamilton College.")
John Niles, 1798-1801.
James Murdock (assistant), 1799.
Robert Porter, 1801-05.
Principals.
Seth Norton, 1805-07.
James Watson Robbins, 1807-08.
Seth Norton, 1808-12.
HAMILTON LITERARY AND THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION. (Hamilton,
Madison Co.)
Incorporated in 1819 as the "Baptist Educational Society of the
State of New York."
This society in 1820 established a Literary and Theological Sem-
inary at Hamilton, which was afterward continued in three depart-
ments, viz.: Academic, Collegiate and Theological.
In 1840, it applied to the Legislature for a charter under the name
of "The Hamilton University." It claimed at that time the fol-
lowing estate:
Real estate
•
Permanent funds from subscription
Bank stock and other personal securities..
Total....
$32,920 00
40, 150 00
39,795 00
$112, 865 00
¹ A further account of this Academy is given in our notice of Hamilton College.
It is further stated in the historical address of President Fisher in the "Memorial
of the Semi-Centennial of the Founding of Hamilton College.”
638
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CC
1
The Assembly committee, in reporting upon this application, said:
Upon comparing the course of instruction in this Seminary, as
presented in their catalogue for the year 1839, with the course pur-
sued in the different Colleges of this State, your committee find that
there is no essential difference in the branches of study taught, or
in the number of Professors and Tutors. The collegiate depart-
ment, in the opinion of the committee, is now established upon the
general principles which have obtained in other Colleges of this
State, and is free from all sectarian objections. The institution has
sustained itself by its own industry and resources for twenty years,
until it has acquired a character and reputation which places it in an
elevated rank among the literary institutions of the State. It has
all the necessary buildings and requisite appurtenances of a College,
and enjoys a full course of classical instruction. Your committee
can therefore see no good reason why the ordinary collegiate privi-
leges should not be extended to this Seminary, to enable the Faculty
to confer degrees and discharge their high trusts and important du-
ties with advantage to themselves, to the students and the public.
The considerations in favor of sustaining the efforts made by the
Trustees of this Seminary for the advancement of education, are
deemed by your committee to be worthy of legislative action.” ¹
A bill was accordingly introduced, but failed at the time, and the
institution continued until merged in "Madison University" in
1846. An extended account of this institution is given in a vol-
ume entitled "The First Half Century of Madison University,”
1819-1869, or the Jubilee Volume, containing sketches of eleven
hundred living and deceased Alumni, etc., 1872, p. 503.
The institution, down to the end of 1839, admitted only candidates
for the ministry to its privileges. From that period to the date of
incorporation of the Madison University, other students were re-
ceived. It did not report to the Regents before its University
charter was granted, but from the volume above cited, we are able
to present the following list of instructors:
Rev. Daniel Hascal, Principal and Professor of Rhetoric, 1820-35.
Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, President (did not formally accept, but virtually acted as such),
1836.
Zenas Morse, Teacher of Latin and Greek, 1820-25.
Rev. Beriah N. Leach, D. D., Tutor, 1824 25.
Rev. Chancellor Hartshorn, Tutor, 1825-26.
Rev. Seth S. Whitman, A. M., Professor of Hebrew and Biblical Criticism, 1828-35.
Rev. Barnas Sears, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Languages and subsequently of Biblical
Theology, 1829-36.
Rev. Joel S. Bacon, D. D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and after-
ward of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, 1833-37.
Rev. Asahel C. Kendrick, Professor of Languages, 1832-38.
Rev. Geo. W. Eaton, D. D., LL, D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
1833-37; Professor of Ecclesiastical and Civil History, 1837-50.
¹ Assem. Doc. 309, 1840.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
639
Stephen W. Taylor, Principal Academic Department, 1834-38; Professor of Mathematics,
Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, 1838-45.
Rev. Thomas J. Conant, D. D., Professor of Hebrew and Biblical Criticism, 1835-50.
William Mather, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, 1838.
John F. Richardson, A. M., Classical Tutor, 1835-38; Professor of Latin Language and
Literature, 1838-50.
Rev. John S. Maginnis, D. D., Professor of Biblical Theology, 1838-50.
Rev. John H. Raymond, LL. D., Tutor, 1837-40; Professor of Rhetoric and Belles
Lettres, 1840-50.
Rev. Philetus B. Spear, D. D., Tutor, 1837-42: Adjunct Professor Hebrew and Principal
of Grammar School, 1842-50.
Anthony Lamb, Tutor in Greek, 1838-40.
Rev. Geo. R. Bliss, D. D., Tutor in Greek, 1840-44.
Rev. B. F. Bronson, D. D., Tutor in Mathematics, 1845-46.
Rev. Samuel Graves, D. D., Tutor in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 1845-47.
HANCOCK UNION SCHOOL. (Hancock, Delaware Co.)
By an act passed May 5, 1863,¹ consolidated districts one and nine
of Hancock were created a Union School under a Board of Educa-
tion. This Board was allowed to establish a High School, and share
in the Literature Fund, subject to the visitation and rules of the
Regents. Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1878.
Charles W. Skinner, 1881.
Principal.
HARLEM LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ACADEMY. (New York city.)
Incorporated by the Legislature January 24, 1829.²
HARTFORD ACADEMY. (South Hartford, Washington Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 12, 1866.
Rev. L. W. Hallock, 1866-67.
John McCarty, 1868.
H. W. Hunt, A. B., 1871-72.
Principals.
Andrew J. Qua, 1873-75.
H. W. Barker, 1876.
A. A. Gillett, 1876.
HARTWICK SEMINARY. (Hartwick, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 17, 1816,3 and admitted by
the Regents August 13, 1816. Established by aid of a bequest
from Johan Christian Hartwick, and in a building previously erected
by Dr. John G. Knauff, trustee of the Hartwick estate. A school
had been taught before this act was passed. The trustees were
empowered, April 5, 1817, to sell a part of their lands, excepting the
Seminary lot. This institution is under Lutheran management, and
has a Theological School associated with it.*
1 Chap. 459, Laws of 1863.
* Chap. 12, Laws of 1829.
3
Chap. 166, Laws of 1816.
4 On the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of this institution, a memorial cele-
640
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Principals.
Rev. Ernest Lewis Hazelius, D. D., 1815-30.
Rev. George B. Miller, D. D., 1830-31.
[One year of interruption on account of
Rev. William D. Strobel, D. D., 1840-44.
Henry T. Schmidt, D. D., 1844-48.
Rev. George B. Miller, D. D., 1848-50.
Rev. Levi Sternberg, A. M., D. D., 1851-64.
Rev. George B. Miller, D. D., 1865.
Rev. William N. School, D. D., 1865-67.
construction of wings.]
Rev. George B. Miller, D. D., 1868.
Rev. William N. School.
T. T. Titus, A. M., 1872-73.
Rev. James Pitcher, A. M., 1874-82.
HAVERLING UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Bath,
Steuben Co.)
Organized under chapter 555, Laws of 1864. Admitted by Regents
June 3, 1868. Named from Adam Haverling, who, about 1847,
gave a site, and at his death an endowment of about $8,000 for a
public school. Its building (Dist. No. 5) cost about $30,000.
J. H. Crumb, 1868-69.
Lewis M. Johnson, 1870.
Principals.
E. H. Latimer, A. M., 1871-73.
L. D. Miller, A. M.,1874-83.
HEDDING LITERARY INSTITUTE. (Ashland, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 12, 1854. Begun in 1856,
as a stock company, with A. Foot as manager, and Prof. Pierson as
principal, and continued under this management about a year and a
half. After being closed a year, it was bought by Henry J. Fox
and
Rutherford, who continued it under the name of the
"Ashland Collegiate Institute" for two years and a half, or until
January 17, 1861, when it was burned.
bration was held, and a large amount of information in relation to its history
was published. The volume is entitled: "Memorial Volume of the Semi-Centen-
nial Anniversary of Hartwick Seminary, held August 21, 1866. Albany, Joel
Munsell, 1867. 8vo., pp. 201. The volume contains engravings of the Seminary,
and steel engravings of the portraits of Drs. Hazelius and Miller. The latter
was Professor of Theology in the Theological Department from 1844 to 1867.
The amount of property transferred to the trustees by Dr. Knauff, of Albany,
in 1816, about twenty years after the bequest of Mr. Hartwick was made, was as
follows:
Real estate, estimated at.
Western Turnpike and Canal stock
Bonds, mortgages and notes..
Total....
$5,341 00
2,750 00
11, 117 00
$19, 209 00
This was irrespective of the Seminary lot and building, valued at $4,980; cash
subscription of inhabitants of the Patent for $175, and a cash balance due from
Dr. Knauff, of $2,507, for which he gave assets valued at $1,100. A year later
William C. Bouck, the financial manager, reported the funds as amounting to
$19,765.56. The turnpike and canal stocks afterward became worthless. In 1866
the property in the hands of the Board amounted to $18,104.41.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
641
HEMPSTEAD INSTITUTE. (Hempstead, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 14, 1858.
HEMPSTEAD SEMINARY. (Hempstead, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1836.¹ Admitted by the
Regents January 29, 1839. Property sold to private owners, but
still occupied as a school building.
Gerardus B. Dockerty, 1838-43.
Principals.
Nathaniel Dunn, 1844-47.
(Henrietta,
HENRIETTA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Monroe Co.)
(See "East Henrietta Union School, Academic Department.")
Mrs. E. S. Tompkins, 1882.
Principal.
HERKIMER ACADEMY. (Herkimer, Herkimer Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 11, 1840. Closed about
1847, and the property sold.
Elijah Garfield, 1839.
Rev. David Chassels, 1840-41.
C. Huntington, Jr., 1842.
Principals.
Rev. Gilbert Morgan, 1843-44.
Robert Earll, 1845-46.
Edward G. Hopkins, 1847.
HERKIMER UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Herkimer,
Herkimer Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1882.
HIGHLAND GROVE GYMNASIUM. (Fishkill, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April, 1831.2
HIGH SCHOOL OF NEW YORK. (New York City.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 4, 1825,³ for the establish.
ment of an institution of classical and useful learning at moderate
rates on the monitorial plan. Not entitled to share in the Literature
Fund nor the Common School Fund.
4
HOBART HALL ACADEMY. (Holland Patent, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 16, 1839. Admitted by
the Regents January 23, 1840. Discontinued in 1857.
1 Chap. 231, Laws of 1836.
2
Chap. 113, Laws of 1831. Report on petition of William S. Hyen, Assem. Doc.
199, 1831.
3 Chap. 75, Laws of 1825.
4 Chap. 69, Laws of 1839.
81
642
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
í
Rev. Stephen McHugh, 1839-41.
Marcus A. Perry, 1842-46.
S. H. De Loss Crane, 1847.
John B. Sackett, 1848.
Edward G. Seymour, 1849.
Principals.
Arnold Petre, A. B., 1850.
Rev. James W. Braden, A. M., 1851-55.
John G. Williams, 1856.
Rev. James W. Braden, A. M., 1857.
HOLLAND PATENT ACADEMY. (Trenton, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 24, 1834.¹
S. G. Hickok, 1834.
Principal.
HOLLAND PATENT UNION SCHOOL. (Holland Patent, Oneida Co.)
Organized August 26, 1870, under general act of May 2, 1864.2
Admitted by Regents June 2, 1871.
C. H. Crawford, 1870.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1872-73.
James H. Brinsmaid, A. M., 1874-75.
J. D. Van Allen, A. M., 1876-77.
Principals.
HOLLEY ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Regents
James Winne, A. B., 1878-79.
W. H. Bradford, 1880-82.
Charles B. Van Wie, 1883.
(Holley, Orleans Co.)
March 28, 1850. Merged in the
Holley Union School, Academic Department."
Loren Barnes, A. B., 1851-53.
Edward O. Hall, 1854-55.
William L. French, 1856.
Miss Phela A. Knight, 1857.
Wm. D. Allis, A. M., 1858-62.
Joseph Gile, A. M., 1863-64.
P. J. Carmichael, 1865.
Ira Edwards, 1866-67.
Principals.
George R. Smith, 1868.
Burr Lewis, A. M., 1869.
D. J. Sinclair, 1870.
Abel Stilson, 1871-75.
M. M. Baldwin, A. M., 1876-78.
A. W. Dyke, A. B., 1879.
Elmer J. Smith, 1880-81.
G. N. Kneeland, 1882.
HOMER UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Homer, Cortland
Co.)
The "Cortland Academy" was incorporated by the Regents Feb-
ruary 2, 1819.
The Legislature had in 1813 given lot 85, in
the township of Homer, to Academies in this county, and this lot was
given to this academy. The trustees were allowed by act of Feb-
ruary 4, 1822,³ to sell and invest the proceeds in mortgages.
4
An act was passed March 25, 1867, providing for the erection of
a new building, by allowing the supervisor, town clerk, and treasurer
of board of trustees to borrow $20,000, to be paid in seven annual
installments, with interest at seven per cent, subject to approval at
1 Chap. 172, Laws of 1834.
Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
3 Chap. 10, Laws of 1822.
4 Chap. 149, Laws of 1867.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
643
1
an election. The call for this election and all proceedings therein
were legalized April 10, 1867. By an act passed March 28, 1873,2
scholars living within the corporate limits, after passing Regents'
examinations, were entitled to free tuition, the expense being paid
by village tax.
Merged in the "Homer Union School, Academic Department,"
which was admitted by the Regents October 13, 1873.
Oren Catlin,
-
Ranney,
Noble D. Strong, 1819-20.
Charles Avery, A. M., 1822.
Principals.
Samuel B. Woolworth, A. M., 1830-51.
Stephen W. Clark, A. M., 1852-65.
Edward P. Nichols, A. M., 1866-68.
Hermon H. Sanford, A. M., 1869-71.
Charles Avery, A. M., and Caroline R. Hale, Gilbert B. Manley, 1872-73.
1823.
Franklin Sherrill, 1824-25.
Charles H. Verrill, A. M., 1874.
Ezra J. Peck, A. M., 1875.
Oliver S. Taylor, M. D., 1826-29.
HOOSICK FALLS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Hoosick
Falls, Rensselaer Co.)
An Academy named "Ball's Seminary" was incorporated by
the Regents April 11, 1843, being named from L. Chandler Ball,
who was much interested in the Academy, and gave liberally for
its maintenance. The institution having declined and its expenses
exceeding its income, its trustees, on the 18th of September, 1863,
deeded the premises to School District No. 1, of Hoosick. This con-
veyance was legalized by act of May 2, 1864.3 Admitted by the
Regents August 3, 1865.
The old Ball Seminary building was used till the fall of 1883,
when the High School was removed into a new school building,
erected at a cost of $35,000, and the building is now used for inter-
mediate classes.
Principals (of Ball's Seminary).
Frederick R. Lord, 1844-46.
Henry E. Ruggles, 1847.
Peter V. Veeder, 1848.
John Bascom, A. B., 1849.
Albert M. Pratt, A. B., 1850.
Chas. H. Gardner, A. B., 1851.
Chas. J. Hill, A. B., 1852-53.
Almon F. Reynolds, 1854-56.
Henry M. Alden, A. B., 1857.
H. W. Wells. A. B., 1858.
Germon H. Chatterton, A. B., 1859.
Agnes Gordon, 1860-62.
Principals (of Union School).
James L. Bothwell, A. B., 1865-67.
James K. Hull, 1868.
HORNELL FREE ACADEMY.
Organized by Legislature May
January 9, 1874.
1 Chap. 324, Laws of 1867.
2 Chap. 155, Laws of 1873.
Mrs. Julia M. Dewey, 1872.
(Hornellsville, Steuben Co.)
4
3, 1873. Admitted by Regents
³ Chap. 523, Laws of 1864.
4 Chap. 386, Laws of 1873.
644
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
A. S. Harrington, 1874.
C. P. Murphy, 1875.
Principals.
De Lancy Freeborn, 1876-77.
Frank L. Grant, 1883-
HORSEHEADS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Horseheads,
Chemung Co.)
Admitted by Regents July 11, 1877.
W. R. Prentice, A. M., 1879-81.
Principals.
A. H. Lewis, A. M., 1882-
HOUGHTON SEMINARY. (Clinton, Oneida Co.)
This institution existed many years as the "Female Department
of the Clinton Grammar School." It was incorporated by the Re-
gents as a separate institution January 12, 1881. Provisional char-
ter dated July 14, 1881. An absolute charter was granted January
11, 1882.
J. C. Gallup, A. M., 1880.
Principals.
A. Gardner Benedict, A. M., 1881
HUBBARDSVILLE ACADEMY. (Hubbard's Corners, Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 14, 1850.
Principals.
Philander L. Woods, A. B., 1849.
Samuel Bush, A. M., 1852-53.
Samuel Burch, A. M., 1850-51.
HUDSON ACADEMY. (Hudson, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 3, 1807. The Comptroller
was directed April 18, 1836, to cancel a bond against this Academy,
with interest thereon from March 3, 1813.
Ashbel Strong, 1811.
Moses Smith, 1813-1816.
Ebenezer King, 1817.
Rev. Daniel Parker, 1818-19.
David J. Barrto, 1820.
Daniel J. Betts, 1821.
S. Fuller and J. Hoyt, 1822.
Amasa J. Parker, 1823-26.
Josiah W. Fairfield, A. M., 1827-30.
James W. Frisbie, 1833-34.
Chauncy C. Joslin, 1835.
Henry Hart, 1836-37.
Adam B. Bullock, 1838.
Principals.
HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL.
Lemuel C. Holcomb, 1840.
Jonathan Ford, 1841-48.
Jonathan Ford, A. B., 1849.
P. A. Studdiford, A. B., 1850.
H. H. Fancher, 1851-52.
James Macbeth, A. M., 1853-57.
Wm. P. Snyder, 1858-67.
Andrew I. Kittle, 1868.
James S. Fitch, 1869.
Rev. Abraham Mattice, A. M., 1870-73.
Rev. H. R. Schemerhorn, A. M., 1874-75.
Rev. Wm. D. Perry, A. M., 1876-82.
Charles Van T. Smith, A. M., 1883.
(Hudson, Columbia Co.)
Admitted by Regeuts July 8, 1884, upon condition that the in-
stitution prove satisfactory upon examination. The application
claimed that sufficient buildings had been provided with a library of
905 volumes, worth $923.25, and apparatus worth $552.45.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
645
HUDSON RIVER AGRICULTURAL SEMINARY. (Stockport, Columbia
Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 6, 1837.1
An application was received in 1836 for a loan to the "Hudson
River Scientific and Agricultural Seminary."
992
HUNTINGTON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Huntington,
Suffolk Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature under general act of April 22,
1862.3 Admitted by Regents, January 9, 1863.
A. S. Higgins,
Principals.
Daniel O. Quimby, 1873.
Charles Cartis, A. M., 1868-69.
Charles G. Holyoke, 1870-72.
Joseph Gile, A. M., 1865-67.
Charles S. Peck, M. A., 1874-76.
Edward S. Hall, M. A., 1877.
4
ILION UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Ilion, Herkimer Co.)
Organized under general law of June 18, 1853. Admitted by
Regents August 7, 1872.
V. G. Curtis, A. B., 1878.
Philo Mosher, 1874.
Principals.
Addison B. Poland, A. M., 1875.
1
INGHAM COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Le Roy, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 6, 1852.5 Admitted by
Regents January 28, 1853. Merged in "Ingham University,” as
its Academic Department, April 3, 1857.6
Emily E. Ingham Stanton, 1853-56.
Principal.
INGHAM UNIVERSITY, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Le Roy, Genesee Co.)
Changed from "Ingham Collegiate Institute," by the Legislature,
April 3, 1857.7 The Academic Department was admitted by the
Regents May 18, 1880.
Miss Emily E. Ingham Stanton, 1859.
Mrs. M. H. Gallup, 1860.
Miss Charlotte Parish, 1861.
Miss Mary A. Brigham, 1862.
1
Chap. 463, Laws of 1837.
2 Senate Doc. 19, 1836.
* Chap. 450, Laws of 1862.
Principals.
Miss Emily E. Ingham Stanton, 1863-65.
Hubert J. Schmitz, Ph. D., 1880-82.
Mrs. E. K. Hooker, A. E., 1883.
4 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
5 Chap. 151, Laws of 1852.
6 Chap. 246, Laws of 1857.
Chap. 246, Laws of 1857.
646
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ITHACA ACADEMY. (Ithaca, Tompkins Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 24, 1823.¹ By act of
April 21, 1825,2 the treasurers of Seneca and Tompkins counties
were directed to sell lot 24 of Ulysses, and apply half of the pro-
ceeds to Ithaca Academy, and the other half to be kept for Seneca
county, as the Legislature might afterward direct. The Ithaca
Academy was directed April 17, 1826,3 to be placed under the care
of the Regents in compliance with the law, and admitted to share in
the Literature Fund from that date.
The trustees were empowered to sell real estate, and invest the
proceeds in the purchase of land, and the erection of suitable build-
ings March 30, 1836. Merged in the "Ithaca High School."
By an act passed January 25, 1884,5 the trustees elected in 1869,
or a majority of them, were empowered to call a meeting in manner
specified, and elect twelve trustees. These trustees might, by a two-
thirds vote, convey to the Board of Education of the village of Ithaca,
for a nominal consideration merely, the title in fee of all the real
estate of the Ithaca Academy, and with it all funds and property be-
longing to them. The official acts of the trustees were confirmed,
and all valid debts were to be paid. This being done, the corpora-
tion of the Ithaca Academy was to be dissolved and cease.
Samuel Phinney, 1826.
Daniel Parker, 1826.
Samuel Phinney, 1827-28.
John L. Hendrick, 1829-30.
Wm. A. Irving, 1831-35.
James F. Cogswell, 1836 38.
William S. Burt, 1839-42.
IVES SEMINARY.
Principals.
James Thompson, 1843-46.
Samuel D. Carr, A. M., 1847-59.
Samuel G. Williams, A. M., 1860-69.
Wesley C. Ginn, A. M., 1870-75.
Fox Holden, A. B., 1876-80.
Daniel O. Barto, 1881.
(Antwerp, Jefferson Co.)
Founded in 1856, as the " Antwerp Liberal Literary Institute."
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents February 1, 1856. The
town of Antwerp was authorized by act of April 6, 1857,6 to raise
$3,000 by tax for its endowment and did so. On the 16th of April
of the same year, an equal sum was offered for loan upon mortgage
from the Common School Fund, to be repaid in six equal annual
payments at seven per cent interest, but the conditions were not
7
¹Chap. 83, Laws of 1823.
2 Chap. 308, Laws of 1825.
Chap. 263, Laws of 1826.
4
Chap. 81, Laws of 1836.
5, Laws of 1884.
5 Chap.
6 Chap. 270, Laws of 1857.
Chap. 658, Laws of 1857.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
647
then performed. On the 14th of April, 1860, another act was
passed for loaning $3,000 upon terms similar to those of the former
act, which were complied with, and the money expended in building.
The charter was declared absolute April 11, 1861.
An act pacsed May 5, 1863,2 canceled this mortgage upon condition.
that the premises should never be incumbered, or title impaired,
and that they should be kept insured for at least $6,000, the policy
on one-half being assigned to the Commissioners of the Land Office,
and one on the other half to the town. The provisional charter of
1856 was made absolute in 1861. After various propositions for the
establishment of a Normal School, a Graded School, and a Protestant
Episcopal Seminary, the institution was adopted by the Black River
Conference and the patronage of that body was transferred from
Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary in 1868. The name was changed
April 22, 1870,3 to "The Black River Conference Seminary," and
proceedings were confirmed. Again changed by act of April 10,
1873,4 to the "Northern New York Conference Seminary," to
correspond with a name of the Conference that had been made.
The finances of the institution having become embarrassed, an
effort was made to improve them, and the Hon. Willard Ives, of
Watertown, headed a subscription list, with a gift of $8,000. As a
token of honor for this gift, the trustees applied to the Regents for
a change of name to the " Ives Seminary," which was granted April
21, 1874. This institution has been adopted as "Gymnasium C,”
of the Syracuse University," and students are admitted there without
further examination.
G. M. Manning, A. M., 1851-56.
Rev. J. Winslow, A. M., 1867-68.
Rev. G. G. Dains, A. M., 1868-69.
Rev. E. C. Bruce, A. M., 1870-71.
S. M. Coon, 1871-72.
J. R. Gordon, A. M., 1872-73.
Principals.
Rev. G. G. Dains, 1873-75.
M. A. Vedder, A. M., 1876-78.
Rev. G. G. Dains, A. M., 1879.
Rev. Charles E. Hawkins, A. M., 1880-85.
James E. Ensign, A. M., 1885.
JAMESTOWN ACADEMY. (Jamestown, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1836.5 Admitted by
the Regents February 15, 1839. Merged in the "Jamestown Union
School and Collegiate Institute," under chapter 555, Laws of 1864.
¹ Chap. 393, Laws of 1860.
2 Chap. 451, Laws of 1863.
3 Chap. 342, Laws of 1870.
4 Chap. 198, Laws of 1873.
6
Chap. 152, Laws of 1836. Amended by chap. 76, Laws of 1837.
648
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Principals.
George W. Parker, 1838.
E. A. Dickinson, A. M., 1857-62.
G. W. Parker, Edward A. Dickinson, 1839. Rev. Rufus King, 1863-65.
Edward A. Dickinson, 1840-54.
Charles Jenison, A. B., 1855,
JANE GREY SCHOOL.
Samuel G. Love, A. M. 1866-
(Mount Morris, Livingston Co.)
March 16, 1868. Discontinued several
Incorporated by Regents
years ago from want of funds.
Rev. Thomas L. Franklin, 1868-69.
Mrs. W. R. Squires, 1870-75.
Principals.
J. Lindley, 1876.
JEFFERSON ACADEMY. (Jefferson, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature November 27, 1824.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 22, 1833. This Academy was built upon lands
owned by Capt. Judd, who gave its use so long as a school
should be kept in a flourishing condition. This reverted many
years since to the heirs of Mr. Judd. A large public school
building has since been erected on the same site, but as a new enter-
prise.
Horatio Waldo, 1834.
H. Waldo, Rev. Wm. Fraser, 1835.
Robert R. Wells, 1836-37.
Adam Craig, 1838.
Rev. William Fraser, 1839-40.-
Seth T. Wolcott, 1842.
Principals.
Rev. William Salisbury, 1843-44.
Nathaniel Pine, 1845-46.
Charles Chapman, 1847.
Joseph Hale, 1849.
Cornelius S. Ward, 1850.
JERAULD INSTITUTE. (Niagara Falls, Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature as a Young Ladies' Seminary,
April 24, 1868.2 The trustees required to be communicants of St.
Peter's (Protestant Episcopal) Church of Niagara Falls.
JOHNSTOWN ACADEMY. (Johnstown, Fulton Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 27, 1794. The right of the
State to lot 36 in Johnstown village (about half an acre) was re-
leased to this Academy April 6, 1796.3 The sum of $1,600 granted
from the State treasury April 5, 1826, for erection and repairs.5
Merged in the "Johnstown Union School, Academic Department."
4
¹ Chap. 327, Laws of 1824. Report on petition, Assem Doc. 260, 1833.
2 Chap. 321, Laws of 1868.
4
Chap. 50, Laws of 1796.
* Chap. 112, Laws of 1826; amended by chap. 207, Laws of 1827.
'Sir William Johnson set apart a portion of the Kingsborough Patent for a free
school. This reservation was allowed to be used for the benefit of this Academy,
although the principal part of Sir William Johnson's estate, inherited by his son,
Col. John Johnson, was forfeited by his attainder.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
649
Rev. John Urquhart, 1805.
Timothy Langdon, 1808.
David Huntington, 1811.
Wm. Blain, 1812.
Calvin Hale, 1818.
Benj. B. Wisner, 1814.
James R. Newland, 1815.
James McVean, 1816-19.
Elijah Griswold, Jr., 1819-20.
Erastus C. Benedict, 1820-22.
Rev. John McNiece, 1823-26.
Rev. John McGough, 1827.
Rev. Alva Bennett, 1828-29.
Gilbert, 1830.
Elisha Foot, 1831.
Principals.
Rev. John G. Smart, 1834.
Peter Burke, 1835-38.
Peter Burke, Duncan McMartin, 1839.
H. J. Browne, 1840.
B. D. Crary, 1841-45.
George S. Ramsay, 1846.
Jesse A. Dennis, 1847.
William H. Bannister, 1848.
William G. Lloyd, A. B., 1849-51.
William H. Bannister, A. M., 1852-54.
Peter Smeallie, A. M., 1855-65.
A. Whigam, 1866-68.
John B. Steele, Jr., A. M., 1869.
George T. Chace, 1871.
Rev. Joseph Thyne, 1872.
Rev. Albert Amerman, Rev. John G. Smart, William S. Snyder, 1873.
1833.
JONESVILLE ACADEMY. (Jonesville, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 1, 1850.¹ Admitted by the
Regents October 26, 1850. Dissolved upon application of Roscius
R. Kennedy, sole trustee, the property having ceased to be used for
academic purposes."
2
Hiram A. Wilson, A. M., 1850-60.
Lewis A. Austin, A. M., 1861.
B. M. Hall, 1862-63.
Principals.
William W. Brim, 1864.
Fenner E. King, A. M., 1865-67.
Truman H. Kimpton, A. M., 1868-69.
JORDAN ACADEMY. (Jordan, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 12, 1842. Allowed by act
of February 26, 1867,3 to consolidate with the Free School of Dis-
trict No. 5, in Elbridge. Tuitions at not less than $4 a term was to
be collected, but if the Board thought proper this might be remitted.
The united institutions were to be named the Jordan Academy and
Free School. The school-house in the former District, No. 6, was al-
lowed to be sold, April 16, 1868.*
Hosea Kittredge, 1842-43.
Henry Barnes, 1844-47.
Hugh B. Jolly, A. M., 1848-51.
Archibald McDougal, A. B., 1852.
Truman K. Wright, A. M., 1853-58.
William S. Aumock, A. M., 1859-60.
Bethuel Lounsbury, 1861-63.
Rev. Gustavus M. Pierce, A. M., 1864-65.
Principals.
KEESEVILLE ACADEMY.
Rev. George G. Hapgood, A. M., 1866.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1869.
Ezra B. Fancher, 1870-73.
William Harkins, B. G., B. L., 1874.
Charles W. Bowen, 1875.
Nathan D. Bidwell,
1876.
Frederick Norman Wright,, A. B.,
(Keeseville, Clinton Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 4, 1835.5 Admitted by the
Regents February 5, 1839. Merged in the Keeseville Union School,
Academic Department.
1 Chap. 124, Laws of 1850.
" See Regents' minutes, January 13, 1871.
Chap. 43, Laws of 1867.
4 Chap. 223, Laws of 1868.
5 Chap. 223, Laws of 1835.
81
650
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Elbridge Walbridge, 1838.
J. N. Gregory, 1839-40.
Rev. B. W. Smith, 1841-47.
J. N. Gregory, A. M., 1848-51.
Charles H. Dann, 1852.
Gilbert Thayer,
}
Gilbert Thayer, S. N. S., A. M., 1853-58.
C. W. Seaton, A. M., 1859-60.
Louis Pollens, 1861-63.
Principals.
Hiram Carleton, 1864.
Charles R. Ballard, 1865-67.
William S. Aumock, A. M., 1868-69.
E. F. Bullard, A. M., 1870-74.
W. W. Landon, A. B., 1875-76.
W. H. Boynton, A. B., 1877-78.
W. N. Phelps, A. M,, 1879-82.
Walter Russell Newton, A. B., 1883.
KINDERHOOK ACADEMY. (Kinderhook, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 3, 1824.¹ Admitted by the
Regents February 19, 1828.
Silas Metcalf, A. M., 1827-47.
Alexander Watson, A. M., 1848-53.
Henry H. Poucher, 1854-55.
Alexander Watson, 1856.
E. S. Tupper, 1857.
Rev. Edward Perkins, A. M., 1858-61.
Alfred A. Post, 1862.
Principals.
J. S. Fancher, 1863.
D. H. Calkins, 1864-65.
Walter Scott, 1866.
J. B. Steele, Jr., A. M., 1867-70.
H. Van Shaack, 1871-72.
George H. Cole, 1876.
John B. Alexander, 1882.
KINGSBORO' ACADEMY. (Kingsboro, Fulton Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 5, 1839. Trustees allowed
to convey property to School District No. 22 of Johnstown, for
fitting up of school-house, March 23, 1863.2 Merged in the
"Kingsboro' Union School, Academical Department." Admitted
by the Regents January 11, 1882.
Horace Sprague, 1838-42.
Henry M. Robertson, 1843-46.
Principals.
KINGSTON ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Regents
Horace Sprague, 1847-57.
E. A. Abba, 1858.
(Kingston, Ulster Co.)
February 3, 1795. Allowed to
transfer property to the Kingston Board of Education, April 23,
1864.3 An account is elsewhere given in this volume of the early
attempts made for the incorporation of a College at Kingston, by
the enlargement of the powers of this Academy.
KINGSTON FREE ACADEMY. (Kingston, Ulster Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 12, 1866. Academic De-
partment of Union School organized under chapter 360, Laws of
1863. See, also, chapter 318, Laws of 1864.
1
¹ Chap. 161, Laws of 1824.
2 Chap. 37, Laws of 1863.
3 Chap. 318, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
651
Rev. David B. Warden, 1804.
Gardner B. Perry, 1808-11.
Jabez Munsel, 1812-16.
Malbon Kenyon, 1818.
Dwight Baldwin, 1821.
Daniel Parker, A. M., 1823-25.
Ira Hatch, 1827.
Hiram P. Arnis, 1828-29.
John C. Jousin, 1830.
Rhodolphus B. Hubbard, 1830-31,
J. A. Blauvelt, 1835-40.
Principals.
Rev. James Nichols, 1841.
Charles L. Hungerford, 1842-43.
Francis H. Wells, 1844-47.
William McGeorge, A. M., 1848-51.
David M. Kimball, A. M., 1852-56.
J. E. Pillsbury, A. M., 1857-59.
Rev. John Van Vleck, A. M., 1860-61.
John N. Pomeroy, A. M., 1862-64.
Joseph C. Wyckoff, 1865-69.
Charles Curtis, A. M., Ph. D., 1870-80.
Francis J. Cheney, A. M., 1881-83.
KNOXVILLE ACADEMY. (Knox, Albany Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 9, 1837. Admitted by Re-
gents February 15, 1842.
Board of Trustees, and is
school purposes.
Michael P. Cavert, 1841-42.
The building has been controlled by a
rented to a school district for common
Principals.
James Thompson, 1863.
Henry M. Robertson, Samuel Glen, 1843-45. F. T. Patton, 1864.
John P. Lansing, A. M., 1859-61.
J. Q. A. Crounse, 1862.
LA FAYETTE HIGH SCHOOL.
George H. Quay, 1865-67.
David E. Kohler, 1868-69.
(La Fayette, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 23, 1836.²
LANCASTER ACADEMY. (Lancaster, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 22, 1846.
Seth B. Cole, 1845.
Principals.
Amos A. Blanchard, 1846.
LANSINGBURGH ACADEMY. (Lansingburgh, Rensselaer Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 8, 1796. Trustees allowed
February 20, 1816,3 to subscribe one thousand shares to the capital
stock of the Bank of Lansingburgh.4
Thomas A. Thompson, 1803.
Rev. Samuel Blatchford, 1804-07.
Horace Galpin, 1811.
John Bush, 1812-13.
Norris Bull, 1814-15.
George A. Simmons, 1816-18.
Hope G. Dana, 1819.
George A. Siminons, 1820-24.
Rev. Horace Galpin, 1825.
Alex. McCall, A. B., 1825-33.
William Hadley, 1834.
W. H. Hadley and E. B. Janes, 1835.
Erastus Rowley, 1836-37.
1 Chap. 376, Laws of 1837.
Principals.
Ebenezer D. Maltbie, 1838-45.
Clark G. Pease, 1846-47.
Rev. Cyrus Bolster, A. B., 1848-50.
J. Hooker Magoffin, A. M., 1851-53.
Rev. John Smith, A. M., 1854.
Daniel G. Mann, 1859.
Peter R. Furbeck, A. M., 1860-64.
Rev. Alden B. Whipple, Henry A. Pierce,
1865-67.
Rev. Alden Whipple, 1868-69.
Mrs. Emma O'Donnell, 1870-72.
Charles T. R. Smith, A. M., 1873-
2 Chap. 176, Laws of 1836.
3 Chap. 13, Laws of 1816.
4 For a detailed history of this Academy, see Sylvester's History of Rensselaer
County, p. 309.
652
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
LAUREL BANK SEMINARY. (Deposit, Broome Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 17, 1854.
LAWRENCEVILLE ACADEMY. (Lawrenceville, St. Lawrence Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 8, 1861. Charter
made perpetual January 9, 1862.
John B. Young, A. B., 1861-64.
Hiram L. Wood, A. M., 1865-69.
A. B. Shepard, A. B., 1870.
Edwin A. McMath, A. B., 1871.
C. Cunningham, 1872.
Fitz James Hill, 1873.
Principals.
LEAVENWORTH INSTITUTE.
W. W. Thompson, A. M., 1874-75.
Emmett M. Sharon, A. B., 1876.
Barney Whitney, A. M., 1877-81.
C. B. Cunningham, A. B., 1882.
D. D. Van Allen, A. M., 1883-
Incorporated provisionally by the
declared absolute January 10, 1861.
Institute and Union School."
(Wolcott, Wayne Co.)
Regents July 14, 1859. Charter
Merged in the "Leavenworth
Named in memory of Isaac Leavenworth, who gave about 900
rods of land, and in addition to this, one-half of the capital used in
the building about $3,000.
M. H. Slee, 1860.
-
Rev. A. Blakely, A. M., 1861-63.
Jonathan S. Slee, A. B., 1864.
Lewis H. Clark, 1865.
Amos H. Thompson, 1866.
Alfred J. Hutton, 1867-68.
C. T. R. Smith, A. B., 1869-70.
Principals.
J. W. Hoag, A. B., 1871-72.
A. M. Baldwin, Ph. B., 1873.
John T. Cothran, A. B., 1874-76.
Wm. R. Vosburgh, 1877.
Cyrus W. Waterman, 1878-81.
Edward Hayward, A. M., 1882.
Edgar B. Nichols, A. M., 1883-
LEONARDSVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Leonards-
ville, Madison Co.)
Admitted by the Regents May 24, 1882.
W. C. Phillips, 1882.
Principals.
W. L. Weeden, 1883-
LE ROY ACADEMIC INSTITUTE. (Le Roy, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 11, 1864. Town allowed
to raise $10,000 for the benefit of the institution, act of March 4,
1867.¹
James K. Lombard, A. M., 1864-66.
E. Harlow Russell, 1867-74.
Alvin P. Chapin, 1875.
Principals.
Wilfred H. Monro, A. M., 1876-79.
Frank M. Comstock, A. M., C. E., 1880-
Chap. 50, Laws of 1867.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
653
LE ROY FEMALE SEMINARY. (Le Roy, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 16, 1841. Merged in
"Ingham Collegiate Institute," 1853.
Miss Emily E. Ingham, 1840-46.
Principals.
Mrs. Emily E. Ingham Stanton, 1847-51.
LEWISTON HIGH SCHOOL ACADEMY. (Lewiston, Niagara Co.)
The ferry lot at Lewiston was by act of April 17, 1826,¹ directed
to be leased for ten years, and with the proceeds an academic build-
ing erected. Trustees were appointed to have charge of this, but
when the Academy should be incorporated the trust was to be vested
in them.2 Incorporated by the Regents April 16, 1828. Formed as
a Lancasterian School. Discontinued about 1875, the building still
remaining in possession of the trustees, being partly used as a dwell-
ing and a part occasionally as a public hall.
Ebenezer Allen, 1828.
Jacob Quimby, 1830-31.
Sullivan Caverno, 1833.
Sherburne B. Piper, 1834.
Principals.
LIBERTY NORMAL INSTITUTE.
M. H. Fitts, 1835-37.
Reuben H. Close, 1838-40.
M. H. Fitts, 1841-47.
Breed Bachellor, 1848.
(Liberty, Sullivan Co.)
Buildings erected in 1847, at a cost of $3,000. Incorporated by
the Legislature April 12, 1848,³ John D. Watkins being sole corpo-
rator, with power to appoint his successor. Allowed to share in Lit-
erature Fund upon compliance with rules of Regents, by act of
April 10, 1849.¹ Admitted by Regents September 20, 1849. Dr.
J. D. Watkins, by his last will and testament, appointed Hezekiah
Watkins, sole trustee, pursuant to the law of 1848. A vacancy
having occurred without provision for a succession, by the death of
H. Watkins, the Legislature by act of May 31, 1884, appointed
Russell T. Low, of Middletown, as sole trustee.
John F. Stoddard, 1847-51.
Z. W. Davis, 1852.
Frederick L. Hanford, S. N. S., 1853.
John Felt, Jr. (Normal grad.), 1854-58.
Francis G. Snook, 1859-64.
Thomas Robinson, 1865-68.
1 Chap. 268, Laws of 1826.
Principals.
2 This privilege formerly had value.
Archibald Lybolt, 1869.
Milo B. Hall, 1870-75.
F. E. Wood, 1876-77.
John Dyer, 1879-81.
Reuben Fraser, 1882.
Alva Seybolt, 1883.
In 1852 the building of a suspension
bridge took off this business, but the bridge itself was wrecked in a storm some
years later, and never rebuilt. But the travel diverted by railroad left the ferry
of little account. The Lancasterian School was a failure.
* Chap. 296, Laws of 1848.
4
Chap. 319, Laws of 1849.
654
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
(Limestone,
LIMESTONE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Cattaraugus Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 10, 1879.
C. W. Robinson, 1879-80.
Principals.
J. E. Dewey, 1881.
LISLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Lisle, Broome Co.)
Organized under general law of May 2, 1864.¹ Admitted by Re-
gents June 10, 1873.
Charles W. Smith, 1875.
E. T. De Bell,
F. J. Sherman,
1876.
Principals.
F. J. Sherman, 1878-79.
A. W. Dike, A. B., 1881.
G. H. Stillwell, A. B., 1882.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION OF YORK. (York, Livingston
Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature March 27, 1839.2
LITTLE FALLS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Little
Falls, Herkimer Co.)
Formerly the " Academy at Little Falls," which was incorporated
by the Regents October 17, 1844. Changed to the present form in
October, 1873.
Merritt G. McKoon, 1845.
Daniel Washburn, 1846-47.
Josiah A. Priest, 1848.
James H. Magoffin, A. M., 1849.
Rev. Avery Briggs, A. M., 1850.
Philo S. Casler, A. M., 1851-53.
Principals.
Rev. Lawrence Mercereau, A. M., 1854-58.
Wm. H. Walker, A. M., 1859-60.
Levi D. Miller, A. M., 1864-67.
Rev. John Ball, A. M., 1861-63.
Hannibal Smith, A. B., 1868.
D. P. Blackstone, A. M., 1870.
Eugene E. Sheldon, A. B., 1871.
Rev. Wm. E. Bridge, A. M., 1872-75.
Charles M. Bowen.
Wm. W. Baker, A. B., 1876-79.
Wilford S. Petrie, A. B., LL. B., 1879-80.
Charles M. Parkhurst, 1880-83.
Leigh R. Hunt, 1883.
LIVERPOOL UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Liverpool,
Onondaga Co).
Admitted by the Regents July 11, 1877.
Principal.
Milo C. Sharp, Ph. B., 1878.
LIVINGSTON COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION.
(See "Geneseo Academy.")
1 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
2 Chap. 96, Laws of 1839.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
655
LIVONIA ACADEMIC ASSOCIATION. (Livonia, Livingston Co.)
Authorized to sell their real estate by act of April 23, 1867,' after
which they were dissolved.
LOCKPORT ACADEMY. (Lockport, Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 26, 1841.2 Never organized.
LOCKPORT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIO DEPARTMENT. (Lockport,
Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 18, 1850.3 Admitted by
Regents October 26, 1850.
Frederick R. Lord, A. B., 1850-51.
Nathan Brittan, A. B., 1852.
Moses H. Fitts, A. B., 1853.
Principals.
Wm. P. Eaton, M. A., LL. D., 1855-56.
E. A. Charlton, A. M., 1857-60.
B. M. Reynolds, A. M., 1861-66.
M. H. Fitts, A. B., and Wm. P. Eaton, A. B. Asher P. Evans, A. M., 1867.
1854.
LOWVILLE ACADEMY. (Lowville, Lewis Co.)
1
Incorporated by the Regents March 21, 1808. Academy opened,
in a building erected for a court-house, in the north end of the village.
A lot of 640 acres in one of "the towns" of St. Lawrence county was
given by the Legislature, in 1818. The Commissioners of the Land
Office were directed to sell land and pay trustees $3,000, when a sub-
stantial brick edifice worth $8,000 had been built, and free of debt
November 19, 1824. This was amended April 1, 1826,6 by directing
payment in advance, a bond being required for the performance of
conditions. An act passed February 26, 1828,7 allowed the whole of
the avails of lot 56, in Canton, to be used in paying for buildings.
5
With this aid and funds raised by the trustees, a twelve-sided brick
building was erected in 1825, in a more central site, and on a lot
since owned and occupied by the Academy. It was arranged upon
a plan secured by patent-right, in the name of John W. Martin,
[of Martinsburgh,] and Stephen W. Taylor, April 16, 1825, and con-
sisted of a series of "stalls" or partitions, arranged around the sides
on the main story and in a gallery, so that each student could be
seen by a teacher at a central point, while no student could be seen
1 Chap. 572, Laws of 1867.
2 Chap. 263, Laws of 1841.
3
Chap. 77, Laws of 1850.
4 Chap. 134, Laws of 1818. Report of Senate committee on petition for a grant,
Senate Jour. 1816, p. 87.
5 Chap. 275, Laws of 1824.
6 Chap. 105, Laws of 1826.
1
Chap. 46, Laws of 1828.
656
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
#
by another. The "patent " was a failure from the beginning; partly
from the difficulty of constructing a building of this size,¹ without
internal cross-ties, but chiefly from the unwillingness of young per-
sons to be subjected to this close espionage.
The failure brought ridicule upon the inventors, and the institu-
tion languished under a succession of principals until 1836, when it
was taken down, and a rectangular, well-proportioned edifice erected
on its site. To aid in this an act passed March 31, 1836,2 loaned
the town $2,000, to be repaid in five installments by tax. In 1861,
the premises were greatly enlarged, by the erection of a wing nearly
as large as the main building on each end, a town tax being voted to aid.
The institution was liberally aided by a bequest from James L. Leon-
ard,³ Horatio N. Bush, and Mrs. Hannah Bostwick at a later period.
In 1864, Mrs. Bostwick bequeathed a fine residence, and funds
amounting to about $41,000 for an endowment, but this was lost in
a suit at law, through a defect in the mode of conveyance. It
was intended that this residence should be used as a separate school
for young ladies, and it was so used, under the name of "Bostwick
Seminary," about five years. This separation proved injurious, and
the trustees willingly united their efforts upon one institution as soon
as legal proceedings would allow, having been convinced that co-
education in an Academy is preferable to separate institutions.
Rev. Isaac Clinton, 1808-13.
Russell Parish, 1813-14.
Rev. Isaac Clinton, 1814-17.
Stephen W. Taylor, 1817-31.
Principals.
David P. Mayhew and Franklin Moore, 1843-
50.
David P. Mayhew, A. M., 1850-52.
William Root Adams, A. M., 1852-60."
Eliam E. Barney and Cyrus M. Fay, 1831-33. Rev. Charles W. Bennett, A. M., 1860–61.
Cyrus M. Fay, 1833-34.
Henry Maltby, 1834-35.
Henry Bannister, A. B., 1836-37.
Erastus Wentworth, 1837-38.
Harrison Miller, 1838.
David P. Yeomans and David P. Mayhew,
1839-41.
David P. Mayhew, A. B., 1841-43.
William Root Adams, A. M., 1861-66.
E. Barton Wood, A. M., 1866-67.
Charles W. Bowen, A. M., 1867-68.
A. Judson Barrett, A. M., 1868-71.
Joseph A. Prindle, A. M., 1871-2.
Rev. Granville C. Waterman, A. M., 1872-74.
William Root Adams, A. M., 1874-
¹ The basement of the building was intended for a boarding hall, with tables
radiating from a single point of observation; but this was not fully carried out.
The first story was ten feet below the gallery, and thirteen above, and the attic
for ladies' department ten feet high. Each cell had a desk and chair. The
building was seventy feet between parallel sides, and cost $8,200.
2 Chap. 63, Laws of 1836; chap. 265, Laws of 1841.
3 The bequest of Mr. Leonard was $5,000, but the Academy, as one of the residuary
legatees of his estate, received about as much more. He also gave to the trustees
$10,000 in Arkansas State bonds, then regarded as of no value. As this volume is
going through the press, these bonds have been sold for $20,000, and the money
paid will be invested in local mortgages, probably at five per cent. Mr. Bush's
legacy was $5,000. Mrs. Bostwick's was a house and grounds worth the sum of
$7,000.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
657
LYONS ACADEMY. (Lyons, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 29, 1837.¹ Another act of
incorporation was passed May 7, 1840, but no organization was ef
fected.
LYONS UNION SCHOOL. (Lyons, Wayne Co.)
Organized under special act April 19, 1855.2 Admitted by Re-
gents January 8, 1857,
D. H. Devoe, A. B., 1856.
Frances R. Snow, 1857-58.
H. M. Smith, A. B., 1859 60.
Wm. Kreutzer, A. M., 1861.
James C. Van Benschoten, 1862.
C. M. Hutchens, 1863-66.
Principals.
Alexander D. Adams, 1867-69.
Edward A. Kingsley, A. M., 1870-73.
T H. Roberts, 1874.
W. H. Lord, A. M., 1876-77.
Julius B. Frazer, 1878.
John H. Clark, A. M., 1879-
MACEDON ACADEMY. (Macedon, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 11, 1842.3 Admitted by
Regents January 10, 1845.
Stephen Wood, 1844-47.
J. W. Stebbins, 1848.
Henry Wheeler, A. M., 1849.
Rev. Samuel Center, A. M., 1850-53.
Wm. M. McLaughlin, A. B., 1854-56.
Charles S. Halsey, A. B., 1847.
T. C. Ballantine, 1858.
Rev. Geo. H. Whiting, 1859.
Brainerd Kellogg, A. B., 1860.
Edwin B. Harvey, A. B., 1861-62.
Charles S. Halsey, A. M., 1863-65.
Gardner Fuller, A. M., 1866-67.
James S. Leman, A. M., 1868.
Principals.
H. George Miller, A. M., 1869.
George C. Andrews, 1871.
Richard H. Dennis, A. B., 1872.
Henrietta W. Downing, 1873.
Andrew J. Nellis, 1874.
J. Edmon Massee, 1875-76.
V. A. Crandall, B. S., 1877.
Byron C. Mathews, A. B., 1878.
D. D. Van Allen, A. M., 1879.
Frederick A. Hyde, Ph. D., 1880.
Charles H. Boynton, 1881-82.
Frederick A. White, 1883-.
MCGRAWVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (McGraw-
ville, Cortland Co.)
Succeeded the "New York Central College," which was incorpo-
rated by the Regents May 4, 1861.
E. O. Hovey, A. M., 1865.
H. S. Tarbell, A. M., 1866.
Frank Place, A. M., 1867.
A. M. Smeallie, A. B., 1868-69.
George H. Tracy, A. B., 1870.
R. A. Williams, 1871.
Cyrus A. Peake, A. B., 1872-74.
Principals.
John H. Kelly, 1875-76.
A. B. Davis, 1877-78.
F. W. Higgins, 1879-80.
J. W. Chapman, 1881.
Edmond K. Allen, A. B., 1882.
Charles S. Sanderson, 1883-
MADISON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Madison, Madi-
son Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1882.
1
Chap. 240, Laws of 1837.
2 Chap. 550, Laws of 1855.
3
Chap. 210, Laws of 1842.
83
658
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Warren E. Knapp, 1882.
Principals.
Arthur M. Preston, 1883-
MANLIUS ACADEMY. (Manlius, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1835.
Admitted by
Regents January 29, 1839. Allowed by act of May 8, 1880, to con-
vey academic property to the Board of Education of Union Free
School District No. 6 of the town of Manlius, which was done, and
the institution is now known as the "Manlius Union School, Aca-
demic Department." Admitted by the Regents July 8, 1879.
Calvin C. Bagley, 1838-46.
Joseph R. Dixon, A. B., 1847-49.
Ira W. Allen, A. B., 1850-51.
M. M. Marsh, M. D., 1852-57.
Burnet Estes, A. B., 1858.
Augustus C. Van Duyn, 1859.
Charles D. Vail, A. B., 1860.
Principals.
Isaac N. Loomis, A. M., 1861-64.
Amelia M. Ainsworth, 1865.
Harrison J. Hickock, A. M., 1866-68.
John D. Wilson, 1879-80.
W. J. Jewell, 1881-82.
William H. Coates, 1883-
MANSION SQUARE FEMALE SEMINARY. (Poughkeepsie, Dutchess
Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature March 15, 1849.2 Private school
Wm. P. Gibbons, founder and corporator.
MARATHON ACADEMY. (Marathon, Cortland Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 2, 1866. Merged in the
"Marathon Union School," and admitted by the Regents January
10, 1879.
·
Principals.
M. L. Hawley, 1867-70.
Charles O. Dewey, 1879.
Hamilton Ferry, 1880.
MARGARETVILLE UTILITARIAN SCHOOL. (Margaretville, Delaware
Co.)
By act passed June 15, 1865,3 Orson M. Allaben, the supervisor,
town clerk and assessors having one and two years to serve, and
their successors were incorporated for the purpose of establishing a
school for teaching the studies specified in detail subject to an-
nual visitation by the Superintendents of Public Instruction. They
were to report annually to the Legislature.
This plan has not been carried into effect.
Chap. 72, Laws of 1835.
2 Chap. 110, Laws of 1849.
3 Chap. 774, Laws of 1865.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
659
MARION ACADEMY. (Marion, Wayne Co.)
1
Incorporated by Legislature March 27, 1839. The board was
organized, but a defect in the title of property prevented it from
being successful. Simon Archer was Principal. Discontinued in
1848.
MARION COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Marion, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents July 6, 1855.
Charter declared absolute January 14, 1858.
as. H. Dann, 1857-58.
Philo J. Williams, A. M., 1859-61.
Allen S. Russell, 1862.
R. T. Spencer, 1863.
George H. Miner, A. B., 1864.
Thomas B. Lovell, A. M., 1865-70.
E. G. Cheeseman, A. B., 1871-72.
Principals.
Wm. T. Mills, A. B., 1873.
Wm. H. Sloam, A. M., 1874.
I. Barnes Fraser, A. M., 1875-77.
C. A. Congdon, A. M., 1878.
D. Van Cruysingham, 1879.
Charles E. Allen, 1880.
MARSHALL SEMINARY OF EASTON. (Easton, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents December 1, 1863. The trustees
were authorized to sell and convey their real estate, and apply the
proceeds to the payment of their debts, April 11, 1866.²
A. G. Cochran, 1863-65.
Andrew J. Qua, 1866-68.
Thomas D. Smedley, 1869-72.
Charles Lipincott, 1873.
A. W. Macy, 1874-77.
Principals.
F. M. Pennock, 1878.
Lucy N. Phillips, 1879-80.
Fanny H. Mitchell, 1881.
Charles W. Bowen, A. M., 1882.
Wilson M. Tyler, 1883.
MARTIN INSTITUTE. (Martinsburgh, Lewis Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 13, 1870. This
institution has never been fully organized. A select school has been
kept many years, in the winter season, in the old Lewis county court-
house, which reverted to the Martin family upon the removal of
the site to Lowville in 1864. It was intended to name the Academy
from Charles L. Martin, who relinquished his share in the building
for this use. The intention was expressed of raising by subscrip-
tion, in shares of $25, the sum of $4,000, and at the time of applica-
tion, in 1870, $2,500 of this sum had been raised, and at least ten
per cent paid in.
Henry P. Mott, 1871-74.
Principal.
I Chap. 95, Laws of 1839.
2 Chap. 507, Laws of 1866.
660
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
MARY WARREN FREE INSTITUTE OF THE CITY OF TROY.
(See "Warren Free Institute of the City of Troy.")
MARY WASHINGTON SCHOOL. (Mayville, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by act of May 19, 1879,¹ for the maintenance of a
Scientific, Literary and Educational School or College. Trustees
appointed by the Bishop and Standing Committee of the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Western New York.
MASSENA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
T. A. Kinney, A. M., 1871.
H. L. Peck, A. B., 1872.
W. F. Ball, 1873-75.
Lawrence Co.)
MAYVILLE ACADEMY.
Principals.
J. A. Haig, A. B., 1876.
C. N. Cobb, 1881.
F. W. Jennings, 1882.
(Massena, St.
(Mayville, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 24, 1839.2 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839. After being closed several years, this
institution was merged in the "Mayville Union School, Academic De-
partment."
John McN. Adams, 1838.
George W. Huston 1839-41.
F. A. Hall, 1842-44.
Warren H. Marsh, 1845-46.
Caleb B. Crumb, A. M., 1849-52.
Rev. Jesse Elliot, A. B., 1854-55.
Wm. C. Leonard, A. M., 1856-57.
George W. Lawton, A. M., 1858-59.
Principals.
George W. Gunnison, A. M., 1861.
William J. Bruce, 1862.
Alanson Wedge, 1863-65.
Thomas J. Pratt, 1869-75.
William F. Ulery, A. M., 1876.
W. H. Benedict, A. B., 1877.
P. K. Pattison, 1878.
Thomas J. Pratt, 1879-82.
MECHANICVILLE ACADEMY. (Mechanicville, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents July 11, 1861. Char-
ter made absolute January 9, 1862.
Charles C. Wetsell, 1861-68.
Principals.
Mrs. Sarah E. K. Ames, 1876.
Rev. Bernice D. Ames, A. M., 1869-75.
MEDINA ACADEMY. (Medina, Orleans Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 10, 1850. Admitted by
Regents April 25, 1851. Merged in the "Medina Free Academy."
1
¹ Chap. 322, Laws of 1879.
2 Chap. 171, Laws of 1839.
3 Chap. 321, Laws of 1850.
99
Amended February 11, 1882, chap. 1, Laws of 1882.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
661
Thales Lindsley, A. M., 1851–53.
Ira W. Buell, 1854.
Marvin M. Baldwin, A. M., 1855-61.
R. L. Thatcher, 1862.
Levi D. Miller, 1863.
Charles Fairman, 1864-67.
Principals.
Miner H. Paddock, A. M., 1870-71.
M. J. Keeler, 1874-75.
John T. Cothran, 1877-78.
Preston K. Pattison, A. B., 1879-80.
John T. Cothran, 1881-82.
Ralph H. Bowles, Jr., A. M., 1883.
Ira Edwards, 1868-69.
MENDON ACADEMY.
(Mendon, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 20, 1836.1 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839.
Principals.
Samuel J. Mills, 1839.
E. Darwin Ransom, 1838.
Franklin W. Olmstead, 1840-42.
Edward O. Hall, 1843.
MEXICO ACADEMY.
Franklin W. Olmstead, 1844-45.
George R. Cowles, 1846.
John W. E. Stebbins, 1847.
E. Darwin Allen, 1848.
(Mexico, Oswego Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1826,2 as the "Rensse-
laer Oswego Academy." Admitted by the Regents January 4, 1833.
The site of a lot given by Roswell L. Colt, March 20, 1822, was con
firmed to School District No. 5 in Mexico, by act of March 28, 1828.3
Name changed to " Mexico Academy" by act of May 14, 1845.
Mason W. Southworth, 1833.
George G. Hapgood, 1835-38.
Benjamin F. Diefendorf, 1839-41.
Russell Whiting, 1842-43.
George G. Hapgood, 1844.
George F. Hapgood, 1845-46.
William H. Gillespie, 1847.
Abner Davison, A. M., 1848-51.
Wm. H. Gillespie, A. M., 1852-55.
John R. French, A. M., 1856-59.
J. Dorman Steele, A. M., 1860 61.
Principals.
Bradford S. Potter, A. B., 1862.
A. B. Dunlap, 1863.
S. Hawley Adams, A. B., 1864-65.
Wm. M. McLaughlin, A. M., 1866-70.
Wm. H. Reese, A. B., 1871-72.
S. Mortimer Coon, A. M., 1873.
Charles E. Havens, A. M., 1875-78.
J. M. Gifford, A. M., 1879-81.
John H. Butler, 1882.
Henry R. Fancher, A. B., 1883.
MIDDLEBURY ACADEMY. (Wyoming, Wayne Co.)
4
Incorporated by the Regents January 26, 1819. Sum of $1,000
to be paid from sale of Literature lands, but a lot of land substi-
tuted the next year.
¹ Chap. 159, Laws of 1836.
2 Chap. 168, Laws of 1826.
3 Chap. 125, Laws of 1828.
4
Further amended by chap. 276, Laws of 1845.
Chap. 52, Laws of 1823. This act was suspended March 17, 1824, and the
Literature Lot in Madrid was directed to be sold for the benefit of the Academy,
to be paid $1,000 in advance in lieu of the grant of 1823, act of April 13, 1826
(chap. 176). The quorum fixed by chap. 28, Laws of 1829. Further acts of re-
lief were passed April 26, 1834 (chap. 181), and April 25, 1837 (chap. 206).
662
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATF OF NEW YORK.
Principals.
Seth Cushing, Jr., and Rev. Joshua Bradley, Albert B. Caswell, 1843.
A. M., 1822.
Joel Whiting, 1844-46.
Rev. Eliphalet Spencer and Seth Cushing, Jr., David Burbank, A. M., 1847-51.
1823.
Rev. Eliphalet Spencer, 1824-26.
Rev. Eli S. Hunter, A. M., 1827-31.
Rev. Norris Bull, 1833-34.
Rev. Joseph Elliott, 1835-36.
George C. Whitlock, 1837.
Beriah N. Leach, 1838-39.
Amasa Buck, 1840-42.
Monroe Weed, A. M., 1852-56.
J. M. Scarf, A. M., 1867-68.
Irving B. Smith, A. B., 1869-71.
Francis W. Forbes, 1872.
John Russell, 1873.
Ceylon Otis, 1874.
H. G. Davis, A. M., 1875-81.
Rose M. Forbes, 1882.
MILLVILLE ACADEMY. (Millville, Orleans Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 25, 1840.¹ Admitted by
Regents February 16, 1841.
James F. Cogswell, 1840-44.
Samuel W. Pope, 1845-46.
Roswell Brooks, 1847.
C. T. Ford, 1848.
MONROE ACADEMY.
Principals.
Incorporated by the Regents
Rev. S. P. Barker, A. B., 1849-50.
G. K. Cleveland, A. B., 1851.
W. H. Rogers, A. B., 1852-53.
會
​Robert Blennerhasset, T. C. D., 1854-56.
(Henrietta, Monroe Co.)
July 2, 1827, but this organization
appears to have been lost. Incorporated again by the Regents
February 7, 1843.
David B. Crane, 1827-30.
Oliver Baker, 1831.
William C. Burke, 1833.
J. Smith Whitaker, 1835-38.
Oliver S. Taylor, 1837.
E. Darwin Ransom, 1838-42.
George Freeman, 1843-45.
Darius M. Linsley, 1846-48.
E. R. Keyes, A. B., 1849.
Ellery S. Treat, 1850.
William Crocker, 1851-53.
Principals.
Herman H. Haff, A. B., 1854.
J. M. Park, 1856.
Wm. T. Smith, 1857-58.
E. G. Hall, 1859-61.
William H. Whitney, 1862-64.
Rev. J. N. Fradenbergh, 1865.
J. W. Davis, A. B., 1866.
Frank H. Watkins, 1867.
R. Blennerhasset, 1868.
Jay K. Smith, A. B., 1869.
J. W. Stone, 1870.
MONTICELLO ACADEMY.2 (Monticello, Sullivan Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 1, 1852. An act of incorpora-
tion was passed by the Legislature May 1, 1865,³ naming trustees for
the purpose of maintaining a seminary of learning.
Henry Gallup, A. M., 1852-53.
Miss Mary J. Knowles, 1854.
D. Jerome Jones, 1855.
James W. Breakey, 1856-57.
Principals.
Rev. J. H, Northrup, A. M., 1858-61.
John B. Nixon, A. M., 1862-64.
Francis G. Snook, 1865-81.
¹ Chap. 172, Laws of 1840. Time of annual meeting fixed April 11, 1842
(chap. 174).
2 A respectable private seminary known as the "Sullivan County Institute," was
established at Monticello, by Henry R. Low (since State senator), which led to
the incorporation of this Academy in 1852. A stock company was formed and the
sum of $4,000 raised in sums ranging from $50 to $200. Prof. Snook eventually
became proprietor. (Quinlan's Hist. Sullivan Co., p. 634.)
3 Chap. 652, Laws of 1865.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
663
1
(Montgomery, Orange Co.)
MONTGOMERY ACADEMY.
Subscription begun in 1787, and £319 ($795.50) raised. Incor
porated by the Regents January 21, 1791. By an act passed March
24, 1815,¹ the trustees of this Academy were to be ex-officio trustees
of School District No. 7, in the town of Montgomery, if this was
approved of by the majority of taxable inhabitants, before it took
effect. The quit-rents, including commutation for the future, due on
a patent for 6,000 acres of land granted February 28, 1716, to Alexan-
der Baird and others; on 7,000 acres granted October 17, 1720, to
Jacobus Kipp and others; on 2,000 acres granted March 2, 1731, to
James Wallace; and on 4,000 acres granted in 1750 to George Mur-
ray, were given to this Academy. Their payment was to be certified
to the Comptroller, and if not paid before May 1, 1820, the lands.
were to be sold, and the avails paid to the trustees under an act passed
April 9, 1819,2 the object being to enable the trustees to erect a new
building.
The first wooden building of 1787 was superseded by a brick edi-
fice in 1818, costing over $5,000. It is 60 by 40 feet, two stories
high.
On the 28th of February, 1822,³ the sum of $737.82 was appro-
propriated, in full for these quit-rents, upon release of claim by the
trustees.
Rev. Alexander Miller, 1791.
Nathaniel Howell,
Nathan H. White
Reuben Neely,
Wm. H. Weller, 1804-07.
James King, 1811.
Phineas Camp, Jr. 1812-13.
David Lyon, 1814.
Rev. Arthur Strausbury, 1815.
Absalom Buss, 1816.
Rev. James R. Wilbur, 1817.
Samuel R. Willson, 1818.
Rev. John McJempsey, 1819-23.
Principals.
Jacob C. Tooker, 1825-43.
Silas S. Harmon, A. B., 1844-50.
Joseph M. Wilkin, A. B., 1851-53.
Daniel Kerr Bull, 1854-55.
A. Lasher, 1856-57.
James T. Graham, A. M., 1858-62.
Rev. G. W. Gunnison, 1863.
John W. Stephens, 1864-66.
Theron N. Little, 1867.
Miles Beardsley, 1868-71.
Rev. R. J. Cone, 1872-73.
Benj. C. Nevius, A. M., 1874-80.
David C. Rouse, A. M., 1881.
MORAVIA INSTITUTE.
(Moravia, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 23, 1870. Continued until
December 23, 1868, when the institute was adopted by the Board of
Education as its Academic department.
1 Chap. 90, Laws of 1815. This was repealed April 23, 1835 (chap 138).
2 Chap. 122, Laws of 1819.
3 Chap. 45, Laws of 1822.
!
664
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Rev. Elbridge Hosmer, 1839-41.
Samuel D. Carr, 1842-43.
Rev. Elbridge Hosmer, 1844-47.
Sanford B. Kinney, 1848.
Watts C. Livingston, A. B., 1849.
William Paret, A. B., 1850.
Principals.
Andrew Merrell, M. D., 1851.
Rev. John Leech, A. B., 1852-54.
Robert Mitchell, A. B., 1855.
Westel Willoughby, A. B., 1856-57.
Rev. Martin Moody, 1858.
Charles W. Holbrook, A. M., 1859.
MORAVIA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Moravia, Cayuga
Co.)
Changed from "Moravia Institute," December 23, 1868.
Hosea Curtis, 1870-72.
Principals.
Arthur M. Wright, A. B., 1883.
Charles O. Roundy, A. M., 1873-82.
MORIAH ACADEMY. (Moriah, Essex Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 16, 1841. Changed to
"Sherman Academy," in 1873.
James Horran, 1840.
Vernon Wolcott, 1841.
Miles D. Cooke, 1842.
(See "Sherman Academy.")
Principals.
Orson Kellogg, 1843-44.
Orlando Wooster, 1847-48.
Putnam P. Bishop, 1854.
MORRIS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Morris, Otsego
Co.)
Admitted by the Regents November 23, 1875.
Abram G. Miller, 1876-77.
Principals.
Willard D. Johnson, 1883.
Sumner H. Babcock, 1878-82.
MORRISVILLE UNION SCHOOL (Morrisville, Madison Co.)
The trustees of School District No. 8, of Eaton, were allowed May
9, 1867, to divide the school into two or more departments, and to
establish an Academic Department, but none has been admitted by
the Regents.
MOUNT MORRIS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Mount
Morris, Livingston Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.2 Admitted by
Regents January 13, 1859.
1
¹ Chap. 820, Laws of 1867.
2 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
665
Rev. J. McMahon, 1858.
George S. Hastings, 1859.
F. A. Pierce, A. B., 1860.
Howard M. Smith, A. M., 1861-62.
Henry M. Morey, A. B., 1863.
William M. Benson, A. B., 1864.
J. A. Thomas, A. M., 1865.
Jiba A. Colburn, 1866-67.
Henry A. Balcam, A. M., 1868.
Principals.
Wm. H. Allen, A. B., 1869.
Wm. P. Heston, A. B., 1870-71.
Isaac O. Best, 1872.
L. P. Bissell, 1873.
Burr Lewis, A. M., 1874-76.
E. E. Stringer, 1877-78.
J. F. Forbes, A. M., 1879-80.
Winfield S. Smith, 1881-82.
MOUNT KISCO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE.
(Mount Kisco, town of
Newcastle, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by act of March 31, 1857.¹
MOUNT PLEASANT ACADEMY. (Mount Pleasant, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 24, 1820.2 Not organized.
3
MOUNT PLEASANT ACADEMY. (Mount Pleasant, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 27, 1824. A loan of $1,000
made by the State to Matthew Faulkner, in 1815, upon security of a
lot in Wallkill, was given to this Academy November 24, 1824, and
the trustees were empowered to foreclose, sell and give title.
Relief was asked in 1835, from payment for stone taken from
State quarry.*
Andrew Thompson, 1827.
Carroll M. Galiagan, 1828.
Rev. Nathaniel S. Prince, 1830-35.
Albert Wells, 1836-41.
Rev. Orlando Harriman, 1842.
Principals.
Marlborough Churchill, 1843-45.
C. F. Maurice, A. M., 1846-59.
W. W. Benjamin, 1860-66.
W. W. Benjamin and J. M. Phelps, 1867.
W. W. Benjamin, 1870-75.
MOUNT PLEASANT FEMALE SEMINARY. (Sing Sing, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 10, 1836.5
MUNRO ACADEMY. (Elbridge, Onondaga Co.)
Named from Nathan Monroe, who endowed the Academy in 1835.
Incorporated by the Regents April 23, 1839. Regents allowed to
appoint twelve trustees, April 12, 1848.6 The trustees empowered
to sell a portion of their real estate, July 5, 1853. They were al-
lowed to borrow $6,000 to pay debts, and to mortgage property to
secure payment April 12, 1855.7 The name was by the same act
1 Chap. 197, Laws of 1857.
2 Chap. 107, Laws of 1820.
3 Chap. 267, Laws of 1824.
4 Assem. Doc. 132, 1835.
5 Chap. 288, Laws of 1836.
Chap. 280, Laws of 1848.
'Chap. 305, Laws of 1855.
84
666
•
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
changed to "Munro Collegiate Institute." By a further act passed
April 6, 1860,¹ trustees living out of the town of Elbridge were not
to forfeit their office by failure to attend meetings of the Board.
A historical notice of this institution is given in the Regents' re-
port of 1877, p. 701.
Lemuel S. Pomeroy, 1834.
Stephen A. Clark, 1840-45.
Jeremiah W. Wolcott, 1846.
John H. Wilson, A. M., 1847-50.
Principals.
John H. Kellom, A. M., 1851-52.
Rev. David Burbank, A. M., 1853-56.
J. H. Wilson, A. M., 1857.
Truman K. Wright, A. M., Ph. D., 1858.
NAPLES ACADEMY. (Naples, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents March 10, 1859. Char-
ter declared absolute January 31, 1862. Merged in the "Naples
Union School, Academic Department," July 12, 1881.
Melville M. Merrell, A. M., 1862-66.
Charles Jacobus, A. M., 1867-68.
P. V. N. Myers, 1870.
L. G. Thrall, 1871.
NASSAU ACADEMY.
Principals.
A. J. Osborn, 1872.
C. H. Davis, 1873-77.
Hiram B. Farmer, LL. B., 1878-80.
Percy F. Bugbee, M. A., 1881.
(Nassau, Rensselaer Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 11, 1835.2 This Academy
is continued, but has not reported to the Regents for several years.
John S. Powell, 1868-70.
Albert B. Wiggin, A. M., 1871-75.
Principals.
Kate L. Hyser, 1876.
NEWARK UNION SCHOOL AND ACADEMY. (Newark, Wayne Co.)
Organized under general act of June 19, 1853.3 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1863.
J. Dorman Steele, A. M., 1863-66.
Jacob Wilson, A. M., 1867-71.
Orville B. Seagrave, 1872-73.
A. W. Norton, A. B., 1874-76.
NEW BERLIN ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Regents
Alonzo Phelps, 1844-47.
Moses E. Dunham, A. B., 1848-49.
Samuel Wright, A. B., 1850.
Caroline E. Backus, 1851-52.
Henry D. Burlingame, 1853-54.
E. R. Warriner, 1865.
James M. Sprague, 1866-75.
1 Chap. 177, Laws of 1860.
Principals.
C. A. Peake, A. M., 1877.
Dr. Wm. S. Aumock, Ph. D., 1878-S1.
Wayland G. Bassett, 1882.
(New Berlin, Chenango Co.)
February 13, 1844.
Principals.
Irving P. Bishop, 1876.
James M. Sprague, A. M., 1877.
George Griffith, A. B., 1878.
Gilbert Jeffrey, 1879-80.
Henry P. Pease, 1881.
George Griffith, A. B., 1883.
Chap. 280, Laws of 1835.
3 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
667
Newburgh ACADEMY. (Newburgh, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 3, 1806. May sell part of
lot, and, after debts are paid, may convey rest to Board of Education
April 5, 1853.¹ The powers of Newburgh Free School enlarged by
act of April 6, 1869.2 Provision was made by act of May 13, 1884,
for the erection of a new building for school purposes upon the lot
of land on the glebe in the city of Newburgh, known as the " Acad-
emy Lot," to be maintained as the Academic Department of the
Schools under the Board of Education in that city.
Charles Baker, 1805.
Richard W. Thompson, 1807.
Rev. Jabez Munsell, 1810-12.
Lewis Belden, 1812.
Luther Halsey, Sen., 1813-19.
L. Halsey and John Halsey, 1820-21.
John Halsey and Abraham Halsey, 1822.
George W. Benedict, 1823.
Wm. S. Burt, 1825-27.
Principals.
Nathan Stark, 1828-31.
Albert Wells, 1833-35.
Samuel J. Prime, 1836.
John James Brown, 1837.
Edgar Perkins, 1838-41.
Nathaniel S. Prime 1842.
Alison J. Prime, 1843-44.
John E. Lyon, 1845.
Rev. Raymond R. Hall, D. D., 1847-52.
NEWBURGH FEMALE SEMINARY COMPANY. (Newburgh, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 5, 1866.3 Never organized,
the amount of stock subscribed being insufficient for the under-
taking.
NEW LOTS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (New Lots,
Kings Co.)
Admitted by the Regents May 24, 1882.
A. A. Ashman, A. M., 1882.
Principal.
NEW PALTZ ACADEMY.
(New Paltz, Ulster Co.)
4
Incorporated by the Legislature April 12, 1833. Admitted by
Regents April 29, 1836. By an act passed April 13, 1835,5 the then
present trustecs were to continue in office till May 1, 1836, and that
afterwards an election was to be had annually. The capital might be
increased, within ten years, to $10,000. It was at first $2,500.
Another charter to an institution of this name was granted by the
Regents October 11, 1845. A loan of $1,000 was allowed from the
¹ Chap. 118, p. 187, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 122, Laws of 1869.
3 Chap. 400, Laws of 1866.
* Chap. 143, Laws of 1833.
5 Chap. 73, Laws of 1835.
668
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
2
State April 7, 1856.¹ Released from the payment of this loan May
5, 1863, upon condition that it should be used for educational pur-
poses perpetually. The trustees allowed to sell, and buy a new site
May 24, 1871.3
Charter amended in 1857, and again in 1884. By the latter
amendment, the Board of Trustees was increased from 15 to 21,-
the election was to be made by the Board, instead of the stock-
holders, and they were divided into seven classes, one class of three
being chosen annually.
In June, 1883, the friends of this Academy celebrated its semi-
centennial.
On the evening of February 29, 1884, the building was burned,
and only about two-thirds of the library and apparatus were saved.
A circular was issued a few days after, in which a vote was to be
allowed for every $25 subscribed in designating Trustees. A new
building has since been erected, and is very nearly completed at
date of writing, with accommodations for teachers and boarding
students, steam-heating apparatus, and all modern conveniences for
an Academy of the first class.
Rev. Qua, *
Eliphaz Fay, 1834-41.
William Parker, 1841-43.
Eliphaz Fay, 1844-47.
Munsell, 1847-48.
Rev. Calvin Butler, A. M., 1849-51.
John B. Steele, Jr., A. M., 1851-54.
Rev. J. H. Sinclair, A. M., 1854-57.
Frederick R. Brace, A. M., 1857-59.
Principals.
John H. Post, A. B., 1860.
M. McN. Walsh, A. M., 1861.
David M. De Witt, A. M., 1861-62.
Haywood, 1862.
Henry Gallup, A. M., 1863-65.
Jared Hasbrouck, A. M., 1865-68.
Dr. H. M. Bancher, Ph. D., 1869-81.
Frederick E. Partington, A. B., 1882—
* Resigned to become President of Waterville College, Me.
NEWPORT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Newport, IIer-
kimer Co.)
Admitted by Regents July 8, 1884.
NEW ROCHELLE ACADEMY. (New Rochelle, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1826.5
NEW ROCHELLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (New
Rochelle, Westchester Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 12, 1881.
1
Chap. 115, Laws of 1856.
2 Chap. 481, Laws of 1863.
3
Chap. 169, Laws of 1871.
^ December 12, 1884.
5 Chap. 182, Laws of 1826.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
669
Principal.
Isaac E. Young, 1881-
NEWTOWN FEMALE ACADEMY. (Newtown, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 15, 1822.¹ By an amended
act passed March 15, 1827,2 the President of the Board and three
trustees might act as a quorum.
NEW WOODSTOCK ACADEMY. (New Woodstock [Cazenovia], Mad-
ison Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1834.³
NEW YORK CENTRAL ACADEMY.
(See "McGrawville Union School, Academic Department.")
NEW YORK CONFERENCE SEMINARY. (Charlotteville, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 26, 1850.
Rev. Alonzo Flack, A. M., 1851-54.
Wm. L. Wood, A. M., 1857-59.
Rev. Thomas La Monte, 1860.
Thomas Lamonte, A. M., 1861.
John M. Hartwell, A. M., 1862-63.
Principals.
Enos Y. Landis, A. B., 1864.
Rev. S. G. Gale, A. M., 1865.
Benj. P. Leggett, A. M., 1866.
Rev. Solomon Sias, A. M., M. D., 1867-75.
NEW YORK CONFERENCE SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTI-
TUTE. (Charlotteville, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 5, 1857.
NEW YORK FREE ACADEMY. (New York city.)
4
Incorporated May 7, 1847, by an act which submitted the ques-
tion to a popular vote. This vote gave 19,404 for and 3,409 against
the measure. An edifice in the Gothic style of the town halls of the
Netherlands, 80 by 100 feet, was erected in Lexington avenue, corner
of Twenty-third street, in 1848. The cost of buildings, furniture,
apparatus and library, to January 1, 1860, was $100,801.48, and the
cost of maintenance to that date, $33,238.17. The number of stu-
dents, and of graduates in each year, down to 1866, when it was
merged in the "College of the city of New York," was as follows:
1
¹ Chap. 53, Laws of 1822.
2 Chap. 69, Laws of 1827.
Chap. 254, Laws of 1834.
4 Chap. 206, Laws of 1847.
670
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1849.
1850.
•
1851..
1852..
1853.
1854
1855..
1856.
1857...
Students. Graduates.
1858...
1859..
1860.
1861..
Students. Graduates.
885
TET
201
285
383
498
536
17
1862..
537
20 1863..
688
32
1864..
875
20 1865.
805
21 1866.
•
25
505
704
677
30
46
49
685
35
769
37
648
40
624
29
674
25
The New York Free Academy was changed to "The College of
the City of New York" under the care of the Board of Education
of that city, March 30, 1866,¹ forming a part of the public school
system of the city of New York.
The "Students' Aid Association of the New York Free Acad-
emy" was incorporated by act of May 1, 1865,2 for the purpose of
granting pecuniary aid to students. Its name was changed March
30, 1867, to" The Students' Aid Association of the College of the
City of New York."
3
Horace Webster, LL. D., 1849-65.
Principal.
NEW YORK HIGH SCHOOL. (New York.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 4, 1825.¹
5
6
NEW YORK INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. (New York.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1817. Admitted by Re-
gents April 15, 1830, under act first limited to five years from May
1, 1831, under the provisions of an act passed on that date. This
was continued by an act passed April 30, 1836,7 which continued all
acts then in force relative to the institution four years from April 1,
1837. A further extension was granted April 27, 1840,8 for five
years from April 1, 1841, and again February 28, 1845, for five
years from the date when it would expire. The question of a con-
3
9
Chap. 229, Laws of 1867.
1
Chap. 264, Laws of 1866.
2 Chap. 450, Laws of 1865.
5 Chap. 264, Laws of 1817.
4 Chap. 75, Laws of 1825.
Chap. 170, Laws of 1830. Report on petition of Directors, Legis. Doc. 192,
1830,
'Chap. 228, Laws of 1836.
8 Chap. 174, Laws of 1840.
9 Chap. 14, Laws of 1845.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
671
tinuance of this right came up for examination in January, 1869,
and was referred to the Attorney-General for decision. It was de-
cided that there was no provision of law authorizing its continuance.¹
Harvey P. Peet, LL. D., 1849-67.
Principals.
Isaac L. Best, A. M., 1868.
NICHOLS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Nichols, Tioga
Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.2 Admitted by the
Regents February 10, 1874.
M. W. Ellsworth, 1874.
Frank J. Vose, 1875-78.
E. C. Barto, 1879.80.
Principals.
Theodore Winans, 1881-82.
Leon O. Wiswell, 1883-
NORTH BROOKFIELD UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (North
Brookfield, Madison Co.)
Application made November 16, 1883, for admission, but suspended
for want of funds. In the meantime, and for two years, the depart-
ment was allowed to hold the regular examinations of the Regents,
and to receive for its scholars the usual pass-cards and certificates.
NORTHERN NEW YORK CONFERENCE SEMINARY.
(See "Ives Seminary.")
NORTH GRANVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY. (North Granville, Washing
ton Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents February 10, 1854.
Building erected in 1855. Merged in the "North Granville La-
dies Seminary" in 1862.
NORTH GRANVILLE LADIES' SEMINARY. (North Granville, Washing-
ton Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents December 2, 1862. Building burned
April 14, 1871.
In 1872-3 new and elegant buildings were erected at a cost of
over $50,000, and started again as a Ladies' Seminary. It was in-
corporated provisionally by the Regents January 14, 1875; capital,
1 Regents' Minutes (1860-69), p. 339.
2 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
672
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
$50,000. Application was made for a change of name to the " Gran-
ville Military Academy," March 20, 1878. Objections were raised
in the Board, with reference to the term "Military." If strictly a
military institution, the powers of the Regents would not apply. If
military instruction was to be given, there was no objection to this,
as it is given in many other Academies, and prominence ought not
to be thus imparted on this account.
The school was started under the name proposed, and so continues
as a proprietary military academy, not under the Regents.
Principals.
Hiram Orcutt, A. M., 1857-60.
Charles F. Doud, A. M., 1861-68.
W. W. Doud, A. M., 1869-75.
Wm. C. Wilcox, 1876.
NORTH HEBRON INSTITUTE. (North Hebron, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 17, 1854.
Rev. C. B. Barrett, A. B., 1854.
Rev. Lewis Dwight, A. M., 1855-56.
Rev. E. W. Brownell, A. M., 1857.
Rev. William L. Bell, 1859.
Principals.
D. P. Lindsley, 1860-61.
John McCarty, 1863-65.
L. Hallock, 1866-67.
Rev. Reuel Hanks, D. D., 1868.
NORTH SALEM ACADEMY. (North Salem, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 19, 1790, and established
in a building erected between 1770 and 1775 by Stephen DeLancey
for his residence, but not finished as such, as he removed from the
town soon after. In 1786, it was bought by a company, and finished
as an Academy, which went into operation under the Rev. Amzi
Lewis, before the charter was obtained, being the oldest Academy in
Westchester county. It flourished several years under Mr. Lewis,
but declined. In 1801, prosperity returned under the Rev. Mr.
McNiece a Presbyterian preacher, and one who fled from Ireland in
the Irish patriot troubles of 1795. Since that period it has had
alternate prosperity and decline, and in some years there have been
no reports.
By an act passed June 7, 1884, the trustees of the Academy were
empowered to convey their property to the town of North Salem, for
the purposes of a town hall, with power to the town board to sell, ex-
cepting the ground on which the Academy stands, the proceeds to be
used in keeping the building in repair. Upon this the corporation
of Academy trustees was to be dissolved.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
673
Rev. Amzi Lewis, 1790.
Rev.
McNiece, 1801.
Abraham Purdy, A. M., 1807.
Rev. Herman Daggett, 1808.
Samuel Weed, 1813.
Rev. Herman Daggett, 1815.
Ebenezer Close, 1820.
Dr. Samuel D. Mead, 1821-22.
Rev. Hiram Jelliff, 1829-33.
Principals. (Not complete.)
John C. Jones, 1834-35.
W. S. Tozer, 1836-37.
John F. Jenkins, A. M., 1839-53.
John C. D. Kruger, LL. D., 1854.
Alexander G. Reynolds, 1856.
S. McNeil Keller, A. B., 1857.
John F. Jenkins, A. M., 1858.
Rev. A. H. Seeley, A. M., 1860-62.
NORTH TARRYTOWN UNION SCHOOL. (Tarrytown, Westchester Co.)
[Union Academy and Free School, of District No. 1, of the town
of Mount Pleasant.]
Received under visitation January 12, 1877.
Principal.
W. H. Dumond, 1877-82.
NORWICH ACADEMY. (Norwich, Chenanago Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 14, 1843. Merged in the
"Norwich Union School, Academic Department.'
Benjamin F. Taylor, 1843-44.
Jarvis C. Howard, 1845-46.
J. F. K. Truair, 1847-48.
Rollo 0. Paige, A. B., 1849.
William K. Paddock, A. M., 1850-52.
Frederick Humphrey, A. B., 1853-54.
David G. Barber, A. M., 1855-57.
Principals.
""
Charles Hopkins, A. M., 1858.
John Dunlap, A. M., 1859-61.
Rev. M. L. Ward, A. M., 1862-70.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1871.
Hiram L. Ward, A. M., 1872-77.
S. H. Albro, A. M., 1878.
NORWICH UNION SEMINARY. (Norwich, Chenangɔ Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 16, 1837.¹
NUNDA ACADEMY. (Nunda, Livingston Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 9, 1868. Merged in the
"Nunda Union School, Academic Department." Admitted by the
Regents January 11, 1878.
Charles Fairman, 1868-69.
E. E. Spaulding, A. M., 1870.
D. P. Blackstone, A. M., 1871.
W. H. Truesdale, A. M., 1872-73.
Principals.
NUNDA LITERARY INSTITUTE.
D. J. Sinclair, A. M., 1874-75.
Rev. W. H. Rogers, 1876.
M. T. Dana, 1877-81.
Joseph T. Colrew, 1882.
(Nunda, Livingston Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 30, 1845.
Amasa Buck, 1844-47.
Leroy Satterlee, 1848.
Principals.
William D. Burnett, A. M., 1854.
Judson A. Barrett, A. B., 1855-59.
Archer B. Evans, A. M., 1860-62.
Horatio G. Winslow, A. B., 1849-52.
Solon O. Thacher, 1853.
1 Chap. 77, Laws of 1837.
85
674
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE NEW YORK.
OAKWOOD SEMINARY. (Union Springs, Cayuga Co.)
An Academy was incorporated by the Regents January 13, 1860,
under the name of the "Friends' Academy." It had been estab-
lished in 1858 in an edifice which had been previously occupied by
"Oakwood Seminary," an unincorporated Academy. This Academy
was under the (Orthodox) Friends' Management, and was an
Academy for the instruction of both sexes. The proceedings of an
election were confirmed May 1, 1874.1 Name changed to "Oak-
wood Seminary," March 23, 1876.
Fowell B. Hill, 1859.
William J. Beal, A. B., 1860-61,
Thomas H. Burgess, 1862-63.
Thomas J. Batty, 1864.
OGDENSBURGH ACADEMY.
Principals.
Frank S. Hall, 1865.
Henry K. Pinkham, 1866.
Thomas W. Lamb, 1867-69.
Elijah Cook, Jr., 1870-81.
(Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence Co.)
By an act passed April 26, 1833,2 certain moneys in the hands of
the supervisors and poor-masters of Oswegatchie were to be paid to
five commissioners named. A further sum sufficient to make up
$2,000, was to be raised by tax upon the town, and with these funds
a lot was to be purchased and a building erected for Academic pur-
poses; but this tax was not to be laid, unless the sum of $2,000
was raised from other sources for this use.
One room in the building was to be fitted up for the free use of
the town for public meetings, etc. The school districts outside of
Ogdensburgh village were to be credited in tuitions in proportion to
tax paid. The money expected from taxes might be borrowed for
present use. A ferry license was granted April 24, 1834,3 and on
the 26th of April, 1835, an Academic charter was granted by the
Legislature. The Academy was admitted by the Regents February
5, 1839. In the fall of 1834, Taylor Lewis, afterward a Professor
in Union College, was employed as Principal. He was succeeded
in the fall of 1837 by James H. Coffin, afterward Professor in
Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.
4
By an act passed April 13, 1857, the village and parts of districts
1 and 21, not in the village of Ogdensburgh, were formed into one
¹ Chap. 412, Laws of 1874.
2 Chap. 249, Laws of 1833.
Chap. 173, Laws of 1834. A subsequent act was passed March 23, 1844 (chap.
64), continuing a tax.
Chapter 382, Laws of 1857. This act was amended April 2, 1859 (chap. 105);
March 22, 1865 (chap. 166); February 19, 1866 (chap. 58); April 17, 1868 (chap.
249); April 26, 1869 (chap. 363); and March 27, 1871 (chap. 186.)
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
675
district under a board of education, and the Academy was included.
as a part of the village school system, to be organized as the
"Ogdensburgh Educational Institute."
OGDENSBURGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE. (Ogdensburgh, St. Law-
rence Co.)
Formerly the "Ogdensburgh Academy," from which it was
changed April 13, 1857. The premises corner of State and Knox
streets, being destroyed by fire, this institution was opened in School
building No. 2, on Washington street, and remained there until dis-
continued in 1871.
A town hall having been vacated by the erection of a new build-
ing, the common council was empowered by act of March 18, 1881,
to raise $8,000 for the purpose of fitting it up for use as a High or
Graded School, to be known as the " Ogdensburgh (Free) Academy."
Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1882.
Taylor Lewis, 1834-37.
James H. Coffin, 1837-40.
Rev. Johnson A. Brayton, 1840-43.
John Bradshaw, 1843-49.
Hart F. Lawrence and Roswell G.
bone, 1849.
Roswell G. Pettibone, 1850-63.
T. H. Brosnan, 1864-65.
R. B. Lowry, 1866.
J. S. Grinnell, 1867.
Principals.
Harvey J. Porter, 1868.
A. B. Hepburn, A. M., 1870.
James O'Neil,
C. E. Hawkins, A. M., 1871.
Petti- W. H. Faulkner, 1872.
C. F. Ainsworth.
Mary E. Colleghan.
A. B. Shepard.
E. S. Lane, Barney Whitney, A. M., 1883.
OLEAN ACADEMY ASSOCIATION. (Olean, Cattaraugus Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 11, 1853. Changed from "Olean
Academy Association," June 3, 1853. The town was authorized
April 14, 1857, to raise $1,500 by tax, for the benefit of the Academy,
the question being submitted to a vote. The Academy was dis-
continued October 3, 1868, and property sold to Union school.
OLEAN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1877, having been formed
October 13, 1868.
By an act passed May 16, 1882,¹ the trustees of Union Free School
District No. 1, in the town of Olean, were authorized to employ
a Superintendent of Schools, to have charge of all the common
schools of the district, with the privileges conferred upon cities
and villages having a population of 5,000 or more, by section 6, title
3, chapter 555, Laws of 1864, and chapter 374, Laws of 1876.
¹ Chap. 168, Laws of 1882.
676
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Rev. Jona A. Woodruff, A. B., 1853-54.
J. E. Pillsbury, A. M., 1855-56.
Isaac G. Ogden, A. M., 1857.
Fayette Royce, A. M., 1859-61.
Napoleon Palmer, A. B., 1862.
Rev. A. Jerome Faust, A. M., 1863.
Principals.
E. Wildman, 1864.
J. W. Earle, A. M., 1865-70.
W. H. Truesdale, A. M., 1877-79.
A. Frank Jenks, 1880.
E. W. Griffith, 1881-82.
William M. Benson, A. M., 1883.
ONEIDA CONFERENCE SEMINARY.
(See "Cazenovia Seminary.")
ONEIDA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. (Whitesboro, Oneida
Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 14, 1829.
Started in 1826 in the town of Western, Oneida county. Removed
in 1828 to Whitestown and located on a farm of 150 acres, which
was tilled mainly by the students. It was found that onions could
be raised with most advantage, and they became the principal crop.¹
The school was continued in a modified form, the industrial feature
being dropped, until about 1844.
Rev. George W. Gale, 1829-31.
Principals.
Rev. Beriah Green, 1833-43.
ONEIDA SEMINARY. (Oneida, Madison Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents July 9, 1857. Charter
declared absolute October 13, 1859.
George H. Whitney, 1860.
C. M. Livingston, A. M., 1861.
Rev. E. M. Rollo, A. B., 1862-64.
Principals.
Marcus N. Horton, A. M., 1865.
Charles E. Sweet, A. M., 1866-68.
Rev. J. Dunbar Houghton, A. M., 1869-72.
1
ONEONTA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Oneonta, Ot-
sego Co.)
Received under visitation of Regents November 6, 1874.
Nathaniel N. Bull, A. M., 1875.
Principal.
ONONDAGA ACADEMY. (Onondaga, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 10, 1813. Lot 9 in Lysander
¹The small boys of the village began to hail the students as "onion grabbers,”
and the term became so offensive that the pupils soon refused to engage in that
employment, although the rich, alluvial soil of the farm was found peculiarly
well suited to that crop. Although the educational facilities of this school were
excellent, it fell into difficulties, and the entire property was transferred to the
steward in payment of his claims.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
677
(ex. 50 acres for survey) was granted April 15, 1814.¹ Lot 100 in
Lysander (ex. 50 acres) was directed to be sold and the balance in
value of this and lot 9 was to be paid to Academy April 20, 1825.2
A loan of $4,000 from the School Fund was authorized April 16,
1857.3 The funds obtained under the act of 1825 were allowed
April 18, 1859, to be applied to the payment of debt, incurred in
new buildings. School districts in Nos. 7 and 28, in Onondaga,
were consolidated by act of April 28, 1866, under a Board of Edu-
cation, and the Academy became a part of the common school sys-
tem under the name of the "Onondaga (Free) Academy."
4
Rev. Caleb Alexander, 1814.
J. L. Hendrick, 1833-43.
George W. Thompson, 1844-47.
Clinton Clark, 1848.
James M. Burt, A. M., 1849-50.
Principals. (Partial List.)
John Dunlap, A. B., A. M., 1851-53.
Mrs. Sarah Smith, 1854.
D M. Linsey, A. M., 1855.
B. F. Barker, A. B., 1856-57.
Alonzo Phelps, A. M., 1858.
Theodore D. Camp, 1859-63.
Jacob Wilson, A. M., 1864-66.
W. P. Goodell, 1867.
Wheaton A. Welch, 1868-71.
A. G. Harrington, 1872.
Oliver W. Sturdevant, A. M., 1873.
ONTARIO FEMALE SEMINARY. (Canandaigua, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 14, 1825.5 Admitted by
the Regents January 29, 1828. After an existence of fifty years,
and during much of this time with distinguished success, it gradually
declined, and was finally sold for debt and the building used for
other purposes.
Rev. Samuel Whittlesey, 1827.
Johnson A. Braton, 1828-29.
Principals.
Edward G. Tyler, A. M., 1848-54.
Benjamin Richards, A. M., 1854-60.
Miss Hannah Upham and Miss Arabella Smith, Edward G. Tyler and Benjamin Richards, 1860-
Associate Principals from 1830 till the death 63.
of Miss Smith in 1842.
Miss Hannah Upham, 1842-48.
ONTARIO HIGH SCHOOL.
Benjamin Richards, A. M., 1868-76.
(Victor, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1830.6
ORLEANS ACADEMY. (Orleans, Jefferson Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 5, 1851, upon condition
that its debt should be paid, and an estate acquired of not less than
$2,500.
1 Page 253, Laws of 1814.
2 Chap. 231, Laws of 1825.
3 Chap. 676, Laws of 1857.
4 Chap. 429, Laws of 1859.
5 Chap. 149, Laws of 1825.
Chap. 113, Laws of 1830.
678
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Rev. E. Sawyer, 1853.
Principal.
OSWEGATCHIE ACADEMY. (Ogdensburgh, St., Lawrence Co.) ¹
OSWEGO ACADEMY. (West Oswego, Oswego Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 25, 1833.2
1
OSWEGO HIGH SCHOOL. (Oswego, Oswego Co.)
Organized under act of June 18, 1853.3 Admitted by Regents
January 13, 1859.
E. J. Hamilton, A. M., Ph. D., 1858-72.
Principals.
C. W. Richards, 1873-
OTSEGO ACADEMY. (Cooperstown, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 8, 1796. Building erected
in 1795, and burned March 31, 1809. A second institution of the
same name was opened in 1841, and continued several years, but
not under the visitation of the Regents.
Principals.
Oliver Cory,
Rev. Wm. Niell, 1806.
OVID ACADEMY. (Ovid, Seneca Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1826.5 Admitted by
the Regents January 26, 1830. Act amended April 10, 1854,6 by
limiting income to $15,000, and allowing the Trustee to sell real es-
tate. A loan of $5,000 from the School Fund authorized April 16,
1857.7
The "East Genesee Conference Seminary" was incorporated
February 11, 1864, and established on the premises owned by the
"Ovid Academy." Merged in the "Ovid Union School, Aca-
demic Department." Organized under the general act of May 2,
1864, and admitted by the Regents January 9, 1873.
¹ In the list of Academies published in 1874, we find this given as "incorporated
by the Legislature April 26, 1813," but find no act of that date or any other, for
the incorporation of an Academy with this name.
2 Chap. 228, Laws of 1833.
3
Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
4 See Livermore's Hist. of Cooperstown, pp. 39, 43, 108.
5 Chap. 172, Laws of 1826.
6 Chap. 180, Laws of 1854.
'Chap. 672, Laws of 1857,
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORY.
679
Wm. A. Irving, 1829-30.
Zenas Clapp, 1831.
Zenas Clapp, William Eastman, 1833.
William Eastman, 1834-36.
Principals.
William Eastman, Seymour Gookins, 1837.
Seymour Gookins, 1838.
Rev. Samuel White, 1839-40.
George C. Hyde, 1841.
Theodore M. Bishop, 1842-44.
Clement Leach, Jr., 1845-47.
George W. Franklin, A. M., 1848-51.
OWEGO ACADEMY.
Rev. Amos Brown, A. B., 1852-57.
J. W. Chickering, A. M., 1858.
Charles M. Livingston, 1859.
Henry R. Lovell, A. M., 1860.
J. C. Donaldson, A. M., 1861-64.
Henry R. Sanford, A. M., 1866-67.
Rev. J. Easter, A. M., 1868-70.
C. W. Winchester, A. M, 1871-73.
Charles H. Crawford, 1878.
Rev. W. L. Hyde, A. M., 1874-
(Owego, Tioga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 16, 1828. The Board of
Education of the Union School District was allowed to adopt the
Academy as a part of their school system, January 23, 1869,' and it
has since been known as the " Owego Free Academy.'
Rev. Edward Fairchild, 1828-29.
Joseph M. Ely, A. B., 1830-31.
Michael Baldwin, 1833.
Chauncey Howard, 1835.
C. Howard, Robert Stansbury, 1836.
Isaac B. Headley, 1837-43.
Joseph M. Ely, 1844.
Elijah Powell, 1845-46.
Theodore F. Hay, 1847.
OXFORD ACADEMY.
Principals.
Wm. Smyth, A. M., 1848-53.
James M. Burt, A. M., 1854-56.
A. B. Wiggin, A. M., 1857-60.
Joseph A. Prindle, A. M., 1861-69.
Jno. Tenney, M. A., 1870-71.
T. L. Griswold, 1872-73.
Alex. J. Robb, 1874-79.
A. M. Drummond, A. M., 1880-81.
Henry A. Balcom, A. M., Ph. D., 1882-
(Oxford, Chenango Co.)
An Academic building was erected upon a scale suited to the
primitive conditions of the settlement in 1791-2, and a school was
taught by Uri Tracy, a year and a half before any charter had been
granted. The Oxford Academy was incorporated by the Regents
January 27, 1794, Elisha Moody being the first teacher.
In 1797-99 a frame building was erected, 46 by 28 feet in size,
with 18-foot posts, and so far completed that a school was com.
menced January 1, 1799, although it was still unfinished. About
forty scholars attended, the studies being about the same as those
now taught in country district schools. As another winter was ap-
proaching, a meeting was called, and about twenty persons agreed
that a tax might be laid equally upon them to raise about $350 for
completing the building. It was finished in December, and the Rev
John Camp was employed. But on the night of January 5-6,
1800, the building was destroyed by fire. No time was lost in
making arrangements for rebuilding.2 In consequence of the
1 Chap. 6, Laws of 1869.
"In a letter from Peter B. Garnsey to the Governor, dated February 27, 1800,
he says:
"The public spirit of the inhabitants for so laudable a purpose has not,
however, subsided. A new frame of at least equal dimensions has since been
raised, and logs drawn to the saw-mill, sufficient, as is supposed, for 3,000 feet of
boards."
680
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
loss of their building, and to aid in rebuilding, the Legislature by an
act passed April 7, 1800,¹ allowed the trustees to select one of the
Literature lots, and to receive letters-patent for the same. The land
might be sold, and the proceeds used for building.2
This third building was erected and a school begun, but the insti-
tution languished for several years, and no reports were made. The
Rev. Eli Hyde was a teacher in the early part of this period.
In the beginning of 1821, the Board of Trustees was re-organized,
the building repaired, and a new Academic school commenced. An
act was passed in 1852,³ allowing lands to be sold, and increasing the
number of trustees to fifteen.
A new Academic edifice was completed in 1854, and the dedica-
tion of this building was made an occasion of unusual interest, it
being the sixtieth anniversary of the incorporation. These proceed-
ings were printed in a beautiful memorial volume, entitled "The
Oxford Academy Jubilee, held at Oxford, Chenango Co., N. Y.,
August 1st and 2d, 1854," p. 132.
The village was authorized by act of April 27, 1868,* to raise $1,-
500 by tax. to pay debts and make improvements.
Elisha Mosely, 1795.
David Prentice, 1820-24.
Wm. D. Beattie, 1825.
Daniel R. Marsh, 1826.
Rev. Edward Andrews, 1827-28
W. D. Beattie, 1829-31.
Merritt G. McKoon, 1833-43.
John Abbot, A. B., 1844-51.
Principals.
OYSTER BAY ACADEMY.
Charles E. Vandenburgh, A. B., 1852.
Wm. Wright, A. B., 1853.
James C. Van Benschoten, A. M., 1857-58.
Oscar J. Curtis, A. M., 1859.
D. G. Barber, A. M., 1860-70.
Herbert J. Cook, 1871-72.
F. B. Lewis, 1873-79.
James A. Brown, A. B., 1880-
(Oyster Bay, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 15, 1803. The trustees of the
Academy were allowed to act as trustees of the school district of
village, if approved by a vote, April 12, 1823.5 The Academy built
in 1802 was closed for academic use because the Common Schools
superseded it. The building was used by the public schools for some
years, and finally it came into the possession of the Episcopal church
and was converted into a rectory.
1 Chap. 112, Laws of 1800.
2 Lot 51, Fayette township, was granted, and the trustees were to be paid a sum
equal to that for which the land was sold, the money to be kept invested for the
benefit of the Academy February 4, 1822.
³ April 14, 1852 (chap. 288). The "Oxford Academy Boarding Association”
was incorporated April 17, 1854 (chap. 350, Laws of 1854).
4 Chap. 415, Laws of 1868.
5 Chap. 150, Laws of 1823.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
681
Principals.
Charles G. Winfield, 1829-31.
Gardner B. Dockerty, 1833-34.
N. H. Wells, 1835.
Marmaduke Earl, 1804.
M. E. Prim, 1805-07.
Elias H. Ely, 1810.
Marmaduke Earl, 1812-28.
PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Brooklyn, Kings Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 19, 1853.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 11, 1855. It was the successor of the "Brooklyn
Female Academy."
Principals.
Truman J. Backus, 1883.
Alonzo Crittenden, A. M., Ph. D., 1856-82.
PAINTED POST UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Painted
Post, Steuben Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 9, 1878.
E. W. Griffith, 1879-80
Principals.
J. M. Hall, 1882
S. G. Burdick, 1881.
PALATINE BRIDGE UNION FREE SCHOOL. (Palatine Bridge, Mont-
gomery Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.2 Admitted by
Regents January 10, 1861.
Albert Riggs, 1864.
Herbert S. Leland, 1860-63.
Leander Ford, 1865.
Alfred Kendall, 1866-68.
P. J. Loveland, 1870-71.
Principals.
R. P. Orr, A. M., 1872-76.
Hiram L. Houston, A. M., 1877.
Miron J. Michael, A. B., 1878-81.
P. V. Marshall, A. B., 1882.
C. N. Cobb, 1883.
PALMYRA ACADEMY. (Palmyra, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 11, 1842.3 Never organized.
4
PALMYRA CLASSICAL UNION SCHOOL. (Palmyra, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 7, 1857. Admitted by the
Regents January 14, 1858. This had no connection with the
"Palmyra High School," organized in 1829, and continued until
1857.
C. M. Hutchins, A. M,, 1857-62
J. Dunlap, A. M., 1863-66.
M. H. Fitts, A. M., 1867-68.
1
¹ Chap. 33, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 453, Laws of 1853.
Principals.
C. M. Hutchins, A. M., 1869-75.
H. F. Burt, A. M., 1876-82.
Ezra B. Fancher, A. M., 1883.
3 Chap. 201, Laws of 1842.
4 Chap. 296, Laws of 1857.
86
682
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
PALMYRA HIGH SCHOOL. (Palmyra, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 28, 1829.¹ Admitted by
the Regents July 2, 1833, and continued until 1848. It was discon-
tinued when a Union School was organized.
James F. Cogswell, 1833-35.
Principals.
James F. Cogswell and Joseph K. Wave, 1836.
Joseph K. Wave, 1837-48.
PARKER UNION SCHOOL. (Clarence, Erie Co.)
The "Clarence Academy" was incorporated provisionally by the
Regents October 12, 1854, and the charter declared absolute January
14, 1858. It was merged in the "Clarence Classical Union School,"
October 20, 1869. In 1872, Dr. Jared Parker, of Clarence, offered
to give to the "Clarence Classical School" the sum of $15,000 as
a permanent fund, upon condition that the district would raise an
equal amount, the whole to be put at interest, so that the school
would be self sustaining and absolutely free. This offer was accepted,
and on the 15th of April, 1878,2 an act was passed changing the
name of the school to the "Parker Union Free School District
No. 1 of the Town of Clarence." This act was not to work any
change whatever in the Union Free School and its Board of Educa-
tion, except in change of name. The sum of $30,000 thus raised
becomes a perpetual source of income to the district.
Moses Lane, A. B., 1856.
Lavalette Wilson, A. B., 1857.
Joseph Gile, A. B., 1858-59.
A. C. Ballard, A. M., 1860-61.
W. E. Marvin, 1862-1864.
C. B. Parsons, A. B., 1865.
Principals.
Duncan Thompson, Jr., 1866.
John D. Hammond, A. B., 1867.
Edward D. Ronan, A. B., 1868.
Donald J. Sinclair, A. B., 1869.
Herman C. De Groat, 1870-80.
John J. Morris, 1881
PARMA INSTITUTE. (Parma, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents March 10, 1859. A town
tax of $300 was authorized April 24, 1867, in accordance with a
vote of the town, for the purchase of books and apparatus.
Cora C. Clark, 1868-75.
Principal.
PEEKSKILL ACADEMY. (Peekskill, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1838.3 Admitted by Re-
gents February 5, 1839. An election of Trustees confirmed March
1, 1839.4
1 Chap. 81, Laws of 1829.
2 Chap. 136, Laws of 1878.
3 Chap. 234, Laws of 1838.
4 Chap. 45, Laws of 1839.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
683
Lyman Thompson, 1838-40.
Andrew Huntington, 1841-42.
Albert Wells, A. M., 1843-73.
Charles J. Wright, A. M., 1874-75.
Principals.
Charles J. Wright, A. M., and Robert Don-
ald, 1876-77.
Charles J. Wright, A. M., 1878-82.
PEMBROKE AND DARIEN CLASSICAL SCHOOL. (Pembroke, Darien,
Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 6, 1838.¹ Inquiries have
failed to give any information concerning this Academy, which if
organized has long been extinct and is now forgotten.
PENFIELD SEMINARY. (Penfield, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents October 8, 1857. Char-
ter declared absolute January 10, 1861. Allowed by act of April
15, 1871, to sell for not less than $2,500 to the Trustees of School
District No. 1 of the town of Penfield, and with the proceeds pay
debts, and divide the surplus among the stockholders.2
Alonzo J. Howe, A. M., 1860-62.
A. B. Campbell, A. M., 1863.
Thomas B. Lovell, A. B., 1864.
Asher B. Evans, Á. M., 1875.
Principals.
PENN YAN ACADEMY.3
Martin K. Pasco, A. B., 1866.
Harlem P. Gage, A. B., 1867-68.
George L. Cole, A. B., 1869.
J. A. Page, 1870.
(Penn Yan, Yates Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 13, 1860. Established un-
der the provisions of chapter 765, Laws of 1857, which created a
Board of Education in Penn Yan, and authorized this Board to
establish an Academy as a part of its common school system, subject
to visitation by the Regents. These arrangements were perfected
in 1859. By chapter 196, Laws of 1859, the Board was authorized
to change the boundaries of the district.
¹ Chap. 171, Laws of 1838. Report on petition, Assem. Doc. 18, 1838.
2 Chap. 524, Laws of 1871.
3 The catalogue of Penn Yan Academy for 1883-84 contains an extended histor-
ical notice of the schools of Penn Yan, from the earliest period. The Academy
had finished just a quarter of a century, and it was thought a proper time for re-
viewing the past. In speaking of the beginning of the Free School system in
that village, this account says:
"The inception of the present scheme was opposed with exceeding earnestness
and even bitterness, as all change in human affairs is sure to be. In this case the
fear of additional taxation seemed to furnish the chief motive of hostility. It is,
therefore, a cheerful fact to state that so great have been the obvious benefits
following the change, no argument of that kind could now have the slightest
force to undo the present system, and bring back the old.”
The Trustees have established a regular training class, more extended than that
684
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Rev. Otis L. Gibson, A. M., 1859-61.
Willard P. Gibson, A. M., 1862-63.
Winsor Scofield, A. M., 1864-66.
Cicero M. Hutchins, A. M., 1867-68.
Rufus S. Green, A. B., 1869.
Principals.
John T. Knox, 1870.
Samuel D. Barr, 1871-78.
Rudolphus C. Briggs, A. B., 1874-75.
Francis D. Hodgson, A. M., 1876-83.
Henry White Callahan, A. M., 1883-
PERRY ACADEMY. (Perry, Wyoming Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 7, 1854. Merged
in the "Perry Union School, Academic Department."
Charles A. Dann, A. B., 1854.
Andrew J. Rodman, 1855.
Henry E. Daniels, A. B., 1856.
Rollin C. Welch, A. M., 1857.
Rev. M. R. Atkins, A. M., 1858-66.
PERRY CENTER INSTITUTE.
Principals.
Rev. J. N. Fradenburgh, A. B., 1867.
Rev. Lowell L. Rogers, A. B., 1868-69.
Rev. E. Wildman, A. M., 1870.
Ella S. Calligan, 1874-78.
Irving P. Bishop, 1879-.
(Perry Center, Wyoming Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 31, 1843.
Charles A. Huntington, 1842-44.
Principals.
James B. Chase, 1845.
PETERBORO ACADEMY.
(See "Evans Academy.")
PHELPS UNION AND CLASSICAL SCHOOL. (Phelps, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 19, 1855.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 8, 1857. The Trustees allowed February 17, 1865,2
to collect by tax in District No. 8, of the town of Phelps, the money
needed to make this a free school to all scholars resident in the dis-
trict.3
Lewis Peck, 1856.
Wm. M. Crosby, A. B., A. M., 1857-59.
Ziba H. Potter, A. M., 1860.
Ezra J. Peck, A. M., 1861.
Rev. Ferris Scott, 1862.
Lockwood Hoyt, A. M., 1863.
Principals.
John S. Cole, A. M., 1864.
Ezra J. Peck, A. M., 1865.
Hyland C. Kirk, 1871-74.
Charles R. Dryer, 1875.
Hyland C. Kirk, 1870-
common in Academies, giving instruction in Common School teaching, and occu-
pying one period a day in each term. This affords to those not having an oppor-
tunity for attending the Normal Schools, an excellent chance to obtain a regular
training in methods, which can usually only be obtained in Normal Schools.
1
¹ Chap. 553, Laws of 1855.
2 Chap. 54, Laws of 1865.
3 A historical sketch of this school is given in tho Regents' Report of 1877, p.
694.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
685
PHIPPS UNION SEMINARY. (Albion, Orleans Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 11, 1840, Henry L. Achilles,
of Rochester, the sole applicant for a charter.
Caroline Achilles, 1839.
Sophronia Phipps, 1840-46.
Sophronia Hodge, 1847.
Frederick Jones, 1848.
Principals.
George A. Starkweather, 1867-68.
Mrs. Caroline P. Achilles, 1869.
Selina F. Barrell, 1873.
Mrs. Caroline P. Achilles, 1874-76.
Mrs. Caroline P. Achilles, 1849-66.
PHOENIX UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Phoenix,
Oswego Co.)
Admitted by the Regents November 23, 1875.
Byron C. Clapp, 1876-
Principal.
PIERMONT ACADEMY. (Piermont, Rockland Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 15, 1842.
PIKE SEMINARY. (Pike, Wyoming Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents as "Genesee Conference Seminary,"
in 1856. Changed October 18, 1859. The town of Pike was author-
ized May 2, 1876,¹ to raise $5,000, in aid of an endowment, if ap-
proved by a majority of the electors at a special election. The town
was to own one scholarship for every $500 paid. The Trustees to
accept this condition and to raise $20,000 before the tax could be
raised.
Rev. Charles Putnam, A. M., 1860-62.
Rev. G. C. Waterman, 1863-67.
D. M. Stewart, A. M., 1868-69.
W. W. Bean, A. M., 1870.
Principals.
PLATTSBURGH ACADEMY.
Edwin S. Smith, 1871.
W. P. Morgan, A. M., 1872-74.
Irving B. Smith, A. M., 1875-81.
Rowley M. Barrus, A. M., 1882-
(Plattsburgh, Clinton Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 21, 1828.2 Admitted by
Regents March 4, 1829. An act was passed May 8, 1867,3 con-
solidating school districts 1, 2 and 5, of the town of Plattsburgh,
into a free union school district, the government of which, as also
of the Academy, was vested in a Board of Education. The Board
was authorized May 21, 1874,¹ to issue bonds not exceeding $42,000
in amount, for a new school building. The Academic Department
is known as the "Plattsburgh High School."
1 Chap. 401, Laws of 1876.
2 Chap. 332, Laws of 1828.
3 Chap. 810, Laws of 1867.
4 Chap. 528, Laws of 1874.
686
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Principals.
Spencer Hall, A. M., and Wm. Young, 1816. Joseph W. Taylor, A. M., 1857-60.
Alexander H. Prescott, 1828-30.
Jonathan Blanchard, 1833.
Lucien O. Boynton, 1834.
Royal Corbin, A. M., 1861.
Edward P. Nichols, 1862-65.
Edwin A. Adams, 1966.
Charles W. Rich, Rev. Rowland Coit, 1836. Wm. L. R. Haven, A. M., 1867-68.
Joseph Scott, 1837-40.
Arthur M. Foster, 1841-42.
Robert T. Conant, 1843-45.
John S. D. Taylor, A. M., 1846-56.
POMPEY ACADEMY.
Wm. M. Elbridge, A. B., 1870.
Oscar Atwood, A. M., 1872-78.
Helen D. Woodward, 1879-
(Pompey, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 11, 1811.
Measures had been commenced in 1800 for the establishment of
an Academy at Pompey, and several applications were made to the
Regents before a charter was obtained. A building was erected and
paid for in 1810, and the sum of $1,450 left for an endowment.
Lot 15, in Camillus, was given, by chapter 199, Laws of 1813, to be
sold and invested for the benefit of the Academy. It produced a
fund of about $4,000. new Academic building was built in
1834.1
Ely Burchard, 1811-1813.
Rev. Joshua Leonard, 1813-22.
Rev. Eleazer S. Barrows, 1822-28.
Rev. Andrew Huntington, 1828-34.
Samuel S. Stebbins, 1834·43.
Ensign Baker, 1843-46.
Truman K. Wright, A. B., 1846-52.
Charles H. Payon, A. B., 1852-54.
E. Delos Wells (Williams), 1854-55.
Rev. John F. Kendall, 1855-56.
Willam W. Waterman, 1856-57.
S. Marshall Ingalls, A. M., 1857-58.
Theodore Beard, A. B., 1858-59.
George W. Kellogg, A. B., 1859-60.
Joseph Dow, A. M., 1860-62.
A
Principals.
Lorenzo Fish, A. M., 1862-64.
Orson G. Dibble, 1864-67.
Edwin S. Butterfield, 1867-68.
Orson G. Dibble, 1868.
P. V. N. Myers, A. B., 1868-69.
Rev. Lemuel S. Pomeroy, A. M., 1869-70.
C. E. Havens, 1870-71.
Wm. H. Avery, 1871.
John L. Cook, 1872.
Fred. Dick, 1873.
Horace T. Henderson, 1874-5.
G. E. Ryan, 1876.
J. H. Brinsmaid, A. M., 1877-80.
Wilbur F. Barker, 1881.
Robert C. Avery, 1882-
PORT BYRON FREE SCHOOL AND ACADEMY. (Port Byron, Cayuga
Organized under general act
Regents January 13, 1860.
Ceylon Otis, A. B., 1860-61.
Truman K. Fuller, A. B., 1861-62.
F. A. Williams, A. B., 1862-63.
W. C. Phillips, A. B., 1864.
A. H. Lewis, 1865.
S. Montgomery, A. B., 1866.
Joseph W. Davis, 1867.
Co.)
of April 7, 1857.2 Incorporated by
Principals.
Henry L. Tallman, 1868-69.
C. T. R. Smith, A. M., 1870-71.
D. D. Van Allen, 1872-75.
Cyrus A. Peake, 1876-77.
Dr. Wm. S. Aumock, A. M., 1878.
Albert W. Morehouse, A. M., 1879.
1 An extended historical notice of this Academy is given in a volume entitled
"Re-union and History of Pompey" (1875), pp. 138 to 173.
2 Chap. 305, Laws of 1857.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
687
PORT HENRY UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Port Henry,
Essex Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 11, 1878.
P. F. Burke, A. M., 1878-80.
Principals.
John H. Phillips, A. B., 1881-
PORT JERVIS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Port Jervis,
Orange Co.)
Organized under general law of June 18, 1853.¹ Admitted by
the Regents January 9, 1868.
Isaac M. Wellington, 1868.
Edward A. Kingsley, 1869-70.
Principals.
Albert B. Wilbur, A. M., 1871-
PORTVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPATMENT. (Portville, Cat-
taraugus Co.)
Admitted by the Regents May 28, 1882.
Principal.
R. C. McLennan, 1882-
POUGHKEEPSIE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. (Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 26, 1836.2 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839.
Charles Bartlett, 1838-41.
Principal.
POUGHKEEPSIE FEMALE ACADEMY. (Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 10, 1836.3 Admitted by
Regents February 28, 1837.
Rev. Joseph Wilson, 1837.
Mrs. Isabella Holt, 1838.
Sarah Curtis, 1839.
Charles H. McClellan, 1843-48.
Principals.
J. C. Tooker, A. M., 1849-55.
Mrs. Caroline W. Tooker, 1856-59.
Rev. D. G. Wright, A. M., 1860-64.
POUGHKEEPSIE FEMALE SEMINARY. (Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 19, 1834.*
¹ Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 524, Laws of 1836.
3 Chap. 286, Laws of 1836.
4 Chap. 40, Laws of 1834.
688
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
POUGHKEEPSIE HIGH SCHOOL.
The "Academy of Dutchess County" (Pougheepsie, Dutchess
Co.) was incorporated by the Regents February 1, 1792. Allowed,
February 17, 1870,¹ to sell property and give proceeds to Board of
Education of the city of Poughkeepsie. The old Academy and lot
were sold for a little over $16,000, and the present Old Ladies'
Home is now located upon the premises. With the proceeds of the
sale, the lot of the present Library and High School building was
bought (price $12,000) and paid for by the Academy Trustees.
With the residue ($1,000) and money raised by the city tax, a build-
ing was erected. A High School had been established in 1856, and
in 1872, the “Poughkeepsie High School" was organized and ad-
mitted.
Principals of Academy. (Imperfect List.)
Rev. Cornelius Brouers, 1802.
Philander Chase, 1804-5.
John Lawton, 1806-7.
Daniel H. Barnes, 1810-15.
Rev. John McJensey, 1817-18.
Dr. Stephen Hasbrouck, 1819-21.
Edwin Holmes, 1822-25.
Eliphaz Fay, 1827-31.
Lemuel C. Holcomb, 1833-35.
Jefferson Cooley, 1836.
William B. Wedgwood, 1837.
William Jenney, 1839-42.
William McGeorge, 1843-44.
Bayard R. Hall, 1845-46.
Rev. Peter S. Burcham, A. B., 1847-51.
William McGeorge, A. M., 1852-56, 1859-65.
Stewart Pelham, A. M., 1866-68.
The "Poughkeepsie High School" was made subject to visitation
and control of the Regents the same as Academies, May 8, 1874,²
and admitted January 15, 1875. The city school system was graded
so that the scholars in eight years should pass from the first elements
to full graduation, the last four years being in the Academic course.
The attendance, graduation and cost of maintenancce of the Aca-
demic Department has been as follows:
4, 191 15
4,077 00
4,223 65
4, 474 51
Years.
Attendance.
Graduations.
1874.
92
9
Expenses.
$5, 239 12
1875.
65
18
1876.
67
9
1877
83
1878..
85
1879..
88
1880.
90
1881.
1882.
1883.
1828
97
79
80
1722X27
13
23
20
3,850 82
4, 150 45
4, 190 03
4, 280 84
4,337 06
Average annual cost per pupil, $53.58. Total number of graduates, 1873 to
1884, inclusive, 202.
1 Chap. 16, Laws of 1870.
2
Chap. 380, Laws of 1874
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
689
A. G. Randall,
Fred. J. Jewell, A. M., Ph. D., 1875.
Principals.
Samuel W. Buck, A. B., 1876-
PRATTSVILLE ACADEMY. (Prattsville, Greene Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 30, 1850.
Common School District No. 2, October 14, 1859.
H. Gallup, A. M., 1849-51.
Principals.
J. C. Ford, A. B., 1852.
Merged in
PREBLE HIGH SCHOOL. (Preble, Cortland Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 24, 1834.¹ Not organized.
PRINCETOWN ACADEMY. (Princetown, Schenectady Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 20, 1853.
PROSPECT ACADEMY. (Prospect, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 24, 1851.
Building burned
in the winter or spring of 1879, and not since rebuilt.
John B. Sackett, 1850-51.
Hiram L. Ward, A. B., 1852.
Dolphus S. Payne, 1853-54.
D. Ñ. Morgan, 1856.
Frederick W. King, 1857.
PULASKI ACADEMY.
Principals.
Locke Etheridge, 1858.
James R. Vincent, 1859-64.
Milton Howe, A. B., 1865.
H. J. Cookingham, A. M., 1867-69.
(Pulaski, Oswego Co.)
Incorporated under an act of the Legislature passed June 4, 1853,²
by the Board of Education of the village of Pulaski. Admitted
by Regents July 6, 1855. Subject to local board of education, Dis-
trict 25, 7, 30.
Henry L. Lamb, A. B., 1857-59.
J. H. Hoose, 1860.
Pulaski E. Smith, A. M., 1861-63.
Harvey R. Butterworth, A. B., 1864-65.
Principals.
Nathan B. Smith, A. M., 1866-68.
H. W. Congdon, A. M., 1869.
Sebastian Duffy, A. M., 1870-79.
E. M. Wheeler, 1880.
PUTNAM UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Washington Co.)
Admitted by the Regents May 28, 1882.
F. J. Baker, 1882.
Principal.
1
Chap. 176, Laws of 1834.
(Cambridge,
2
Chap. 305, Laws of 1853.
87
690
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
RANDOLPH ACADEMY ASSOCIATION.
(See "Chamberlain Institute.")
RAYMOND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. Carmel, Putnam Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents March 30, 1859. Or-
ganized and continued a short time, when it was closed and the
building remained unused a few years. It was then purchased by
Daniel Drew, and the Drew Seminary established upon the premises.
RED CREEK UNION ACADEMY. (Red Creek, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 27, 1839.1 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1846. Sold on mortgage in 1868.
Hugh B. Jolley, 1845-47.
Rev. Eli C. Bruce, A. B., 1848-49.
Rev. John B. Van Petten, 1850-51.
Rev. O. N. Brooks, A. M., 1852.
R. N. Mott, A. B., 1853-55.
M. H. Slee, 1856-58.
Principals.
Rev. Charles S. Case, 1859-60.
Rev. Wesley Mason, 1861.
Henry R. Sanford, A. B., 1862.
Sidney O. Barnes, A. M., 1863.
Robert L. Thatcher, A. M., 1864-65.
RED CREEK UNION SEMINARY.
(Red Creek, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 10, 1867.
Walter A. Brownell, A. B., 1866-68.
T. C. Claven, 1869.
Ralph Hunt, 1870.
T. C. Claven, B. S., 1871.
F. E. Murphy, 1872.
Alden Allen, A. M., 1873.
RED HOOK ACADEMY.
Principals.
F. E. Murphy, M. D., 1874.
T. Sanderson, A. B., 1875.
Cyrus W. Waterman, A. B., 1876.
J. Byron Smith, 1877.
Louis W. Baker, 1879-
(Red Hook, Dutchess Co.)
2
Incorporated by the Legislature April 23, 1823. Admitted by
the Regents February 23, 1829. An appropriation made Novem-
ber 25, 1824,3 of $1,000. Discontinued about forty years ago.
Lyman Thompson, 1828-33.
Jesse O. Norton, 1834.
Stephen Reed, 1836-37.
Principals.
George W. Schenck, 1838-39.
Robert W. Smith, 1840-41.
Orel Cook, Jr., 1842.
REFUGEES' ACADEMY.
We designate by this title an institution proposed about 1793, for
the education of the children of Canadian refugees. Several petitions,
numerously signed, were addressed to the Legislature, asking for the
1 Chap. 98, Laws of 1839.
2 Chap. 264, Laws of 1823.
3 Chap. 323, Laws of 1824; chap. 55, Laws of 1827.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
691
establishment of a school for this class "in some quiet part of Dutch-
ess county," but no progress was made in it, and so far as appears
from the papers relating to it, no site was designated.
RENSSELAER SCHOOL. (Troy, Rensselaer Co.,
Founded in 1824 by the Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, of Albany.
Incorporated under the above name March 21, 1826.1 Changed to
"Rensselaer Institute," May 9, 1835.2
RENSSELAER INSTITUTE. (Troy, Rensselaer Co.)
Changed from "Rensselaer School," May 9, 1835.2 Again changed
to" Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute," April 6, 1861.
[See a separate historical account of this institution under the name
last mentioned.]
George H. Cook, 1845-46.
Principals.
B. Franklin Greene, 1847-48.
RENSSELAER OSWEGO ACADEMY.
(See "Mexico Academy.”)
RENSSELAERVILLE ACADEMY. (Rensselaerville, Albany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 30, 1845.
Henry Gallup, 1844-48.
Julius R. Pomeroy, A. B., 1849.
William W. Allen, A. B., 1850.
B. Franklin Greene, 1851.
Augustus J. Cornell, 1852-53.
Henry Gallup, A. M., 1854-55.
Isaac G. Collins, A. B., 1856.
RHINEBECK ACADEMY.
Principals.
Incorporated by the Regents
Bethuel Lounsbury, 1857-59.
Homer S. Waterbury, 1860-64.
John Jones, A. B., 1874-76.
Rev. Algernon Marcellus, A. M., 1877.
Andrew J. McMillan, 1878.
Benj. F. Eaton, A. M., 1879.
(Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co.)
February 23, 1841.
years this Academy became a private institution.
Samuel F. Bell, 1840.
C. Marcellus Dow, 1841.
Stephen Schuyler, 1842.
Michael P. Cavert, 1848-47.
Principals.
After some
Wm. R. Harper, A. M., 1848-51.
Samuel D. Lord, A. B., 1852.
S. E. Brownell, A. B., 1853-54.
Charles W. Davenport, A. M., 1855-56.
RHINEBECK UNION SCHOOL. (Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co.)
Organized February 5, 1866, under general act of May 2, 1864.3
The Academic Department was formed January 1, 1874, and admitted
by the Regents January 8, 1874.
¹Chap. 83, Laws of 1826.
2 Chap. 254, Laws of 1835.
3 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864, and chap. 64'7, Laws of 1865.
692
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Principal.
Frank B. Wells, 1876.
RICHBURGH ACADEMY. (Richburgh, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 12, 1850. Discontinued about
1866. Re-organized in 1882, as a Union Free School, and now con-
ducted as a graded school.
Herman Perry, A. M., 1850-52.
Joseph A. Badger, 1853-56.
D. D. McGibeny, 1857-58.
Rev. John P. Hunting, 1859.
Principals.
Henry L. Jones, A. M., 1860.
Gordon Evans, 1861.
A. M. Olney, 1862-63.
Eli J. Rogers, A. M., 1864-69.
RICHMONDVILLE UNION SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
(Richmondville, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents February 10, 1854.
Built by a stock company in 1852, at a cost of $24,000, including
grounds, buildings and furniture. It was burned Deeember 13, 1853,
and immediately rebuilt, at a cost of $34,000, but again burned June
30, 1854.
Before rebuilding, an act was passed April 4, 1853,¹
allowing the corporation to increase its capital stock from $10,000 to
$25,000.
RIDGEBURY ACADEMY. (Ridgebury, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 30, 1839.2 Admitted by Re-
gents February 11, 1840. Burned in November, 1845. It was not
a success financially.
William Bross, 1939-43.
Joel Blackmer, 1844.
Principals.
John H. Kedzie, 1845.
David L. Towle, 1845.
RIGA ACADEMY. (Riga, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents May 11, 1846.
Franklin W. Olmstead, 1846.
George W. Thompson, 1847-48.
R. D. H. Allen, A. B., 1849.
John B. Taylor, A. B., 1850-51.
R. K. Sanford, A. M., 1852.
Principals.
Alanson Wedge, A. M., 1853,
R. C. Brant, A. B., 1856.
E. A. Jones, 1859-61.
C. E. Richards, A. B., 1863-64.
RIVERDALE INSTITUTE. (Yonkers, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 10, 1863. Information re-
ceived by the Regents August 1, 1871, that the property of this in-
stitution had been sold, and the school closed.
1
Chap. 94, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap. 298, Laws of 1839.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
693
Principal.
Rev. Edward M. Pecke, M. A., 1866-69.
ROCHESTER ACADEMY OF MUSIC AND ART. (Rochester, Monroe
•
Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 16, 1860. Not reporting
to the Regents.
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF PRACTICAL EDUCATION. (Rochester, Mon-
roe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 14, 1832.2 Intended "for
the cultivation of all the branches of a literary and scientific educa-
tion in connection with a more extensive application to the practical
business of life than is usual in existing institutions, and by uniting
manual labor with study, to promote a vigorous constitution."
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF GENERAL EDUCATION. (Rochester, Mon-
roe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 19, 1828.3
ROCHESTER FEMALE ACADEMY. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 12, 1837. Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839.
Principals.
Miss Araminta D. Doolittle, 1849-52.
Mrs. C. M. Curtis, 1857-58.
Rev. James Nichols, A. M., 1859-63.
Mrs. Sarah J. Nichols, 1864-
ROCHESTER CHRISTIAN BROTHERS' ACADEMY AND SEMINARY. (Roches-
ter, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature July 18, 1857, under general
law.
ROCHESTER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, No. 1. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 26, 1839. By an act
passed April 11, 1851,5 the trustees were allowed to sell and divide.
the proceeds, after paying debts, among the founders and benefactors.
They might dispose of apparatus and other personal property, and
the proceeds of any sale, or of any policies of insurance, as they
might be authorized to do by the Regents.
3 Chap. 288, Laws of 1828.
I Chap. 435, Laws of 1860.
2 Chap. 142, Laws of 1832.
5 Chap. 142, Laws of 1851.
4 Chap. 231, Laws of 1837.
694
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Principals.
Rev. Chester Dewey, 1833-48.
}
N. W. Benedict, A. M., 1849-51.
ROCHESTER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, No. 2. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 13, 1865.
ROCHESTER HIGH SCHOOL IN THE COUNTY OF MONROE. (Rochester,
Monroe Co.)
3
Incorporated by act of March 15, 1827,¹ for the purpose of estab-
lishing an Academy; income limited to $3,000. Allowed to raise
$3,000, in manner provided, by a district tax, and to anticipate this
tax by a loan, February 23, 1831.2 By an act passed April 20,
1836, the mayor and assistants, as commissioners of Common
Schools, were allowed to divide the district then attached to the
Rochester High School into two or more Common School districts.
This was not to affect the continuance of the corporation created in
1827, nor to divest it of any of its corporate property.
Principals.
Rev. Gilbert Morgan, 1833.
Daniel Marsh, 1835.
Rev. Chester Dewey, 1836-37.
ROCHESTER HIGH SCHOOL, No. 1. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Received under the visitation of Regents July 3, 1852. Organized
April 8, 1861. Admitted by Regents July 3, 1862. Merged in
Rochester Collegiate Institute, No. 1.
ROCHESTER HIGH SCHOOL, No. 2. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature March 15, 1827.5 Admitted by Re-
gents April 19, 1831.
t
1
[Same as "Rochester Free Academy."]
ROCHESTER FREE ACADEMY. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
[Same as Rochester High School, No. 2.]
6
Incorporated by the Legislature April 8, 1861. Admitted by
1 Chap. 70, Laws of 1827. Amended with respect to assessments, mortgages,
etc., March 28, 1828 (chap. 131), and April 30, 1829 (chap. 332).
2 Chap 51, Laws of 1831.
4 Under § 154, chap. 143, Laws of 1861.
5 Chap 70, Laws of 1827.
3 Chap. 165, Laws of 1836.
154, chap. 143, Laws of 1861.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
695
the Regents July 3, 1862. May issue bonds, $75,000, for building
April 3, 1872.¹ May issue bonds, $125,000, June 10, 1873.2
Edward Webster, A. M., 1864.
Principals.
Rev. Nehemiah W. Benedict, D. D., 1865-
ROCKLAND ACADEMY. (Nyack, Rockland Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 11, 1878.
ROCKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE. (Orangetown, Rockland Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 12, 1855.
Rev. L. Delos Mansfield, 1868-70.
Principal.
ROCKVILLE CENTRE INSTITUTE. (Rockville Centre, Queens Co.)
Incorporated under general law September 27, 1871.
ROGERSVILLE UNION SEMINARY. (South Dansville, Steuben Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 28, 1853. The Comptroller
authorized April 14, 1857,3 to loan $3,500 from the Common
School Fund, payments to be made by six equal annual installments.
Rev. Wm. S. Hall, A. M., 1854-56.
Rev. Isaiah McMahon, A. M., 1857.
Wm. S. Hall, A. M., 1858.
Edwin Wildman, 1859-60.
J. Easter, 1861-62.
J. W. Ryan, 1863.
F. M. Kreidler, 1864.
W. A. Dawson, A. M., 1865-68.
Rev. D. D. Van Allen, A. M., 1869.
Principals.
ROME ACADEMY.
W. A. Dawson, A. M., 1870-71.
William L. Haskall, D. D., 1872.
N. R. Hill, 1873.
D. D. Babcock, 1874-75.
E. L. Mason, A. B., 1876.
E. L. Mason and B. S. Partridge, 1877.
Lewis McHenry, 1878-80.
Duane D. Babcock, 181-82.
Fred. Edwin Woods, 1883———.
(Rome, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 28, 1835. Revived January
28, 1848.5 Merged in the "Rome Free Academy," and received
under the Regents March 15, 1849.
Rev. S. R. Brown, A. B., 1849-50.
Franklin Moore, A. M., 1851-62.
Oren Root, Jr., 1863-65.
E. O. Hovey, A. M., 1866-68.
K. S. Putnam, A. M., 1869.
Principals.
George H. Barton, A. B., 1870-72.
A. G. Benedict, A. M., 1873-79.
P. H. Miner, A. M., 1880-82.
T. H. Roberts, 1883-
1 Chap. 166, Laws of 1872, amended April 10, 1872, with respect to the pur-
chase of a site.
* Chap. 687, Laws of 1873.
3 Chap. 423, Laws of 1857.
4 Chap. 168, Laws of 1835.
5 Chap. 10, Laws of 1848.
696
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ROYALTON CENTRE ACADEMY. (Royalton, Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 9, 1839.1 An academic school
had been organized some two years before the date of incorporation,
with Donald G. Fraser, A. B., and G. N. Hopkins, A. B., as prin-
cipal and assistant. There were other teachers, but names are not
remembered by our correspondent. The school was well attended
for three or four years, but did not report to the Regents. From
that time, a select school was taught in the building by various per-
sons free of rent until about 1848. Prior to 1850, the corporation
by order of court sold the building, and no school was afterward
kept therein.
RURAL ACADEMY. (Montgomery, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 1, 1852. Not organized.
RURAL SEMINARY. (East Pembroke, Genesee Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 17, 1856.
J. A. McFarland, A. M., 1857-59.
Joseph Gile, A. B., 1860.
A. Truman Mason, A. B., 1861-62.
C. B. Parsons, A. B., 1863.
H. H Hollister, A. B., 1864.
John W. Griebel, A. B., 1865.
Chas. W. Maccarthy, A. B., 1866.
George M. Jones, A. B., 1867-68.
Alfred B. Robinson, A. B., 1869.
Principals.
Charles W. Stickle, A. M., 1870-71.
Joseph D. Fisher, 1872-73.
Eugene S. Loomis, 1874-75.
Seward Robson, A. B., 1866.
John W. Kales, 1877.
Wilbur Barker, 1878-81.
James A. Le Seur, 1882.
Luella E. Scarff, A. B., 1883-
RUSH ACADEMY OF THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION'S CON-
NECTION. (Twelfth Township, Essex Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents December 1, 1864. Not organized.
Proposed to be named from Christopher Rush, of New York city.
RUSHFORD ACADEMY. (Rushford, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 4, 1852.
Ira Sayles, A. M., 1852-57.
G. W. F. Buck, A. M., 1858-65.
Principals.
Andrew McIntyre, A. M., 1866.
Ira Sayles, A. M., 1867.
RUSHFORD UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Rushford, Alle-
W. W. Bean, 1875-76.
F. J. Diamond, 1877.
Marvin L. Spooner, A. M., 1879-80.
gany Co.)
Principals.
H. J Van Norman, 1881-82.
G. W. McKee, 1883-
1 Chap. 145, Laws of 1839
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
697
RUSHVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
J. H. Gordon, A. B., 1871–72.
Yates Co.)
Principals.
Ebin W. Hunt, 1874-75.
(Rushville,
J. K. Smith, 1873.
A. D. Whitney, A. B., 1876-
RUTGERS FEMALE INSTITUTE. (New York city.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 10, 1838.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 23, 1840. Merged in "Rutgers Female College"
April 11, 1867.2
Chas. E. West, A. M., 1839-50.
Rev. D. C. Van Norman, A. M., 1851-57.
Principals.
Charles H. Gardner, 1858.
Henry W. Pierce, Jr., A. M., LL. D., 1859-66.
RYE ACADEMY. (Rye, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1826.3 Inquiries fail
to bring any information concerning this Academy, which was cer-
tainly not organized.
SAG HARBOR INSTITUTE. (Sag Harbor, Suffolk Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 20, 1848.
George W. Goodale, A. B., 1849-51.
Charles S. Williams, A. B., 1852-53.
John K. Hill, A. B., 1854-55.
Henry A. Reeves, A. B., 1856.
Geo. W. Dickins, 1857.
Principals.
Wm. H. Gleason, A. M., 1858.
L. Keene, Jr., 1861.
Charles B. Ruggles, 1862.
T. Sanderson, 1878.
SAG HARBOR UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Sag Harbor,
Suffolk Co.)
Board of Education allowed to establish Academic Department
April 22, 1862.¹
4
ST. JOSEPH'S ACADEMY AND INDUSTRIAL FEMALE SCHOOL OF LOCKPORT.
(Lockport, Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature February 19, 1866.5
[Has not reported to the Regents.]
ST. LAWRENCE ACADEMY. Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 25, 1816, lot 56 in Potsdam
1 Chap. 192, Laws of 1838.
³ Chap. 164, Laws of 1826.
2 Chap. 328, Laws of 1867.
4 Chap. 441, Laws of 1862.
5 Chap. 65. Laws of 1866.
88
698
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
given to this Academy April 15, 1816,¹ but not to be leased longer
than thirty-one years. A site allowed to be conveyed on the Public
Square April 20, 1825.2 The Commissioners of the Land Office were
directed to sell enough from the Literature lands to raise $2,500, and
to pay to the trustees, upon its being shown that a substantial brick
or stone building, worth $3,000 or more, had been built, and was free
of incumbrance. A tax of $500 a year for two years was allowed
April 28, 1835,3 for new building. The sum of $2,000 was loaned
April 1, 1841, for ten years to aid in building. The sum of $2,000
granted from United States Deposit Fund, April 10, 1849.5 Num-
ber of trustees allowed to be increased to not over twenty-four, June
20, 1851. The town allowed to raise $1,500 by tax for repairs and
improvement, February 3, 1857. The premises were conveyed to
the Potsdam Normal and Training School under act of 1866.
Rev. James Johnson, 1812.
Nahum Nixon, 1816. (2 years interval.)
Levi Silliman Ives, 1819-21.
Charles Orvis, 1823.
Rev. Daniel Banks, A. M., 1824-27.
Joseph Hopkins, 1827.
Rev. Asa Brainerd, 1828-47.
Principals.
William H. Parker, 1847-49.
William F. Bascom, 1849-52.
Rev. Elijah W. Plumb, A. M., 1853.
Henry B. Buckham, A. B., 1854.
Rev. Elijah W. Plumb, A. M., D. D., 1855-64.
A. P. Bissell, A. M., 1865.
George H. Sweet, A. M., 1866-68.
ST. MARY'S ACADEMY AND FEMALE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL OF BUFFALO.
(Buffalo, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 29, 1863.8 Under super-
vision of Common Council of Buffalo, but not of Regents.
ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC INSTITUTE. (Amsterdam, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents August 7, 1883.
ST. PAUL'S COLLEGE. (Lawrence's Neck, since called College Point,
Queens Co.)
The corner stone of a college edifice was laid October 15, 1836,
but the main building was not completed. By an act passed May 9,
1 Chap. 148, Laws of 1816. By act of April 5, 1828, these lands might be sold,
and the proceeds invested to pay teachers' wages.
2 Chap. 260, Laws of 1825, amended April 1, 1826 (chap. 103).
3 Chap. 169, Laws of 1835.
Chap. 85, Laws of 1841. By act of July 11, 1851, a part of mortgage released.
1
'
5
Chap. 301, Laws of 1849.
6 Chap. 233, Laws of 1851.
7 Chap.
8, Laws of 1857.
& Chap. 261, Laws of 1863.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
699
1840,¹ the owners of the literary institution commonly known as "St.
Paul's College,” in the town of Flushing, N. Y., were incorporated
under this name, but without the power of granting degrees. Build-
ings were erected, and an Episcopal Seminary was conducted as a
proprietary school for several years. It was not subject to visitation
by the Regents. It was under the care of the Rev. Dr. Muhlenburgh.
Salamanca UniON SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Salamanca,
Cattaraugus Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 12, 1881.
SAND LAKE ACADEMY. (Sand Lake, Rensselaer Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 19, 1846.
about 1874 or 5.
Rev. John Sessions, 1845-47.
William H. Scram, A. M., 1848-53.
Discontinued
Principals.
Alvah G. Ogden, A. M., 1855-56.
SANDY CREEK UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Sandy
Creek, Oswego Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.2 Admitted by
Regents October 31, 1873.
B. C. Whipple, 1874.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1875-76.
Principals.
J. Edmon Massee, A. M., 1877.
SANDY HILL ACADEMY. (Sandy Hill, Washington Co.)
The inhabitants of the village of Sandy Hill were authorized May
26, 1836 to vote on the question of raising by tax the sum of $3,000
for a site and academic building.3
SANDY HILL UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Sandy Hill,
Washington Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864* Admitted by
Regents June 2, 1871.
Wm. McLaren, A. M., 1871-76.
Principals.
James H. Dunkee, 1877-
SANS SOUCI SEMINARY. (Ballston Spa, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents December 1, 1864.
A stock coin-
pany with $12,000 capital.
1 Chap. 250, Laws of 1840.
3 Chap. 523, Laws of 1836.
2 Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
4 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
700
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Rev. D. W. Smith, 1865-67.
Principal.
SARATOGA ACADEMY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE. (Saratoga Springs,
Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 28,
pany; estate limited to $2,500; shares $25.
1835,¹ as a stock com-
Capital increased May
26, 1836,² to $10,000. Allowed to begin with $3,000, April 15,
1837.3
Saratoga SpringS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Sara-
toga Springs, Saratoga Co.)
4
Organized under act of April 12, 1867. Admitted by Regents
January 9, 1868.
Rev. John N. Crocker, 1868-71.
Levi S. Packard, 1872-82.
Principals.
Percy L. Klock. A. B., 1883-
SAUGERTIES ACADEMY. (Saugerties, Ulster Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 7, 1854. The
charter and organization of this Academy were lost over twenty
years ago. A High School was begun in a new building in 1866,
but it has not been placed under the Regents.
Wm. Wight, A. M., 1857-58.
George W. Squires, A. B., 1859.
Principals.
Duncan Thompson, Jr., 1860-61.
Mrs. H. W. Bliven, 1862-65.
SAUQUOIT ACADEMY. (Sauquoit, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 6, 1849.
G. W. Davenport, A. B., 1849.
M. Earl Dunham, A. M., 1850-52.
Henry S. Welton, A. B., 1853.
C. E. Billington, A. B., 1854.
M. Earl Dunham, A. M., 1855-57.
Rev. R. Le Grand Thatcher, A. B., 1858.
Norman M. McQueen, 1859.
Frederic Baylies, A. B., 1860.
R. S. Bingham, A. B., 1861.
D. P. Blackstone, A. M., 1862-63.
1 Chap. 167, Laws of 1835.
2 Chap. 529, Laws of 1836.
Principals.
John H. Cunningham, 1864-65.
Aaron White, M. A., 1866-70.
L. Parsons Bissell, A. B., 1871-72.
H. W. Hunt, A. M., 1873.
D. W. Horning, A. B., 1874.
B. F. Miller, 1875-76.
L. J. Kimball, 1877.
P. W. Maltby, 1878.
Timothy H. Roberts, A. M., 1879-82.
Mrs. T. H. Roberts, A. M., 1883.
3 Chap. 203, Laws of 1837.
Further amendments were passed May 3, 1839
(chap. 325), with respect to biennial elections, and May 6, 1840 (chap. 219), which
reduced the number of trustees from 15 to 9.
4 Chap. 353, Laws of 1867.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
701
SCHAGHTICOKE SEMINARY. (Schaghticoke, Rensselaer Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 4, 1836.1
SCHENECTADY ACADEMY. (Schenectady, Schenectady Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 29, 1793. Merged in
Union College in 1795.
Col. John Taylor, 1793-95.
Principal.
SCHENECTADY ACADEMY. (Schenectady, Schenectady Co)
Incorporated by Legislature April 17, 1818.2 Reviving charter
formerly supposed to be merged in "Union College," April 25,
1831.3 Act of 1831 allowed Trustees of College to reorganize
Academy and allow certain privileges of libraries and lectures.
Manual labor might be introduced at the discretion of the Board of
Trustees.
Daniel Barnes, 1817-18.
Nathan N. Whiting, 1819-20.
Benjamin F. Joslin, 1821.
Principals.
W. D. Beattie, 1826-28.
A. W. Henderson, 1831.
Urania E. Sheldon,
Ichabod S. Spencer, 1822-25.
SCHENECTADY LYCEUM AND ACADEMY. (Schenectady, Schenectady
Co.)
4
Incorporated by the Legislature March 21, 1837. Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839. Originally intended for the education
of young men only, and required to take one pupil a year from
each town in Schenectady county, from the Common Schools, free
of tuition. Act amended March 28, 1839,5 so as to admit students
of both sexes.
Robert M. Brown, 1838-39.
Principals.
Giles Manwaring, Jr., Anna E. Bazley, 1840-41.
David H. Cruttenden, Anna E. Bazley, 1842.
Giles F. Yates, 1843-45.
Wm. Kelley, 1846.
Wm. L. Aiken, A. B., 1847.
Wm. H. Cook, 1850-52.
Jacob H. Aiken, 1853.
Daniel J. Darrow, A. M., 1854-55.
SCHENECTADY YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY. (Schenectady, Schenec-
tady Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 28, 1837.6 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839.
¹ Chap. 253, Laws of 1836.
2 Chap. 192, Laws of 1818.
3 Chap. 273, Laws of 1831.
4 Chap. 95, Laws of 1837.
5 Chap. 109, Laws of 1839.
Chap. 283, Laws of 1837.
702
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Urania E. Sheldon, 1833.
E. A. Huntington, 1834.
Principals.
Ezra A. Huntington, Urania E. Sheldon,
1835-37.
Rob't M. Brown, Rev. Jas. E. Lewis, 1837.
SCHENECTADY UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Schenec-
tady, Schenectady Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 9, 1854.¹ Admitted by
Regents October 13, 1856.
Charles B. Goff, A. B., 1856-57.
Benjamin Stanton, A. M., 1858-63.
Henry Whitehorne, A. M., 1864-68.
Principals.
Samuel B. Howe, A. M., 1869-78.
Charles S. Halsey, A. M., 1879-
SCHENEVUS UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Otsego Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 9, 1880.
R. S. Thomas, 1882-
Principal.
(Schenevus,
SCHOHARIE ACADEMY.2 (Schoharie, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 28, 1837.3 Admitted by Regents
February 5, 1839. Merged in the Schoharie Union School,
Academic Department, which was organized under general act of
May 2, 1864,* and admitted by the Regents October 31, 1873.
Horatio Waldo, Jr., 1836.
Alfred Miller, 1837-38.
Levi Sternberg, 1889.
George Kerr, 1839.
Henry Gallup, 1840-43.
Rev. Avery Briggs, 1843-48.
George W. Briggs, A. B., 1848-50.
Lemuel H. Waters, A. M., 1851.
John F. Severance, A. B., 1852-54.
Principals.
Michael P. Cavert, A. M., 1854.
A. J. Jutkins, 1855-56.
Rev. John S. Parsons, A. M., 1857-60.
Rev. William Sharts, 1861-62.
Lorenzo S. B. Sawyer, A. B., 1863-65.
Edward A. Babcock, 1866.
George W. Briggs, A. M., 1867-69.
Oren C. Sikes, A. B., 1870-72.
SCHUYLERVILLE ACADEMY. (Schuylerville, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 23, 1840. Merged in the
Schuylerville Union School, Academic Department," which was
admitted by the Regents March 20, 1878.
<6
1 Chap. 178, Laws of 1854.
2
Şee Regents' report of 1877, p. 689, for a more extended notice of this Aca-
demy.
Chap. 283, Laws of 1837.
4 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
703
John Giles, Jr., 1839-40.
James Dinsmoor, 1841.
Daniel Giles, 1842.
John K. Davis, 1843.
George D. Stewart, 1844-47.
William T. Goodnough, A. B., 1848-52.
Fenner E. King, 1953.
Principals.
Rev. Henry Baker, A. B., 1854-56.
Rev. A. G. Cochran, A. M., 1857-61.
Almon F. Reynolds, 1862-64.
Rev. John Vrooman, 1865-67.
C. J. Doughty, 1879.
George W. Gillette, Ph. D., 1880-
SCIENTIFIC AND MILITARY ACADEMY OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT.
(Whitesborough, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 17, 1826.¹ Admitted by
Regents January 9, 1829. Allowed to receive the property of the
Whitesborough Academy. The Commissary-General was authorized
to issue 100 stands of arms and accoutrements for the use of this
institution, to be returned when called for. Empowered to give in-
struction in the military, agricultural and other branches of the arts
and sciences. The principal officer in charge was to be styled the
"Intendant," and to have the full rank of a colonel of militia. The
students were to be styled "cadets." There was to be an annual
examination and review, notice of which was to be advertised in at
least two newspapers in Oneida county, one in Albany and one in
New York city.
SEMINARY OF OUR LADY OF ANGELS. (Suspension Bridge, Niag-
ara Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 20, 1863,2 with authority
given to the Regents, whenever the state of literature and the value
of property might in their opinion justify, and upon the petition of
the Trustees, to erect the same into a College.
A Seminary of the same name, formed February 27, 1861, under
the general act of 1848 for the formation of benevolent, charitable,
scientific and missionary societies, was empowered by act of May
15, 1877,3 to convey its property to this institution. By an act passed
March 12, 1883,* the Legislature conferred the right of maintaining
any department of learning that is taught in any College or Univer-
sity in the State, and of locating and maintaining the same in the
county of Erie. Changed by the Regents August 7, 1883, to
Niagara University."
66
SEMINARY OF THE GENESEE CONFERENCE.
(See "Cazenovia Seminary.")
Chap. 367, Laws of 1826.
2 Chap. 190, Laws of 1863.
3
Chap. 273, Laws of 1877.
4
Chap. 92, Laws of 1883.
704
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
SEMINARY OF THE GENESEE AND ONEIDA Conferences.
(See "Cazenovia Seminary.")
SENECA FALLS ACADEMY. (Seneca Falls, Seneca Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 27, 1837.¹ Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839. Merged in the "Seneca Falls (Free)
Academy" under chap. 389, Laws of 1867.
Cotton M. Crittenden, 1838-43.
Rutger Van Brunt, 1844.
Orin Root, A. M., 1845-49.
Charles A. Avery, A. B., 1850-53.
Myron H. Beach, A. B., 1854-55.
Samuel G. Williams, A. B., 1856-57.
Rev. John M. Guion, A. M., 1858-59.
Charles D. Vail, A. B., 1860-61.
Principals.
Charles D. Vail and N. Palmer, 1862.
Napoleon Palmer, 1863.
George M. Jones, 1864-65.
Charles A. Wetmore, 1866-68.
Francis D. Hodgson, A. M., 1869-74.
E. B. Fancher, A. B., 1875-82.
George N. Sawyer, 1883
SEWARD FEMALE SEMINARY OF ROCHESTER. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 5, 1839.2 Admitted by
Regents February 11, 1840.
Sarah T. Seward, 1839-40.
Sarah T. Gould, 1841.
Principals.
Lucilia Tracy, 1846-52.
J. H. Wilson, A. B.,
1853.
Harriet L. Williams, 1842-43.
SEYMOUR SMITH ACADEMY. (Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 21, 1874.
Founded upon a bequest made by Seymour Smith, late of German-
town, Dutchess county, who by his will dated March 11, 1861, had
devised all his estate in the town of Pine Plains for the establish-
ment of an Academy. By an act passed in 1864,3 the town had
been authorized to receive the bequest, which at the time of incor-
poration had accumulated to $11,800. Charter made absolute April
11, 1879.
Rev. A. Mattice, 1879-
Principal.
SHERBURNE UNION ACADEMY. (Sherburne, Chenango Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 23, 1840. Merged in the
"Sherburne Union School, Academic Department" under chap.
555, Laws of 1864, and admitted by the Regents August 6, 1867.
¹ Chap. 267, Laws of 1837.
2 Chap. 130, Laws of 1839.
3 Chap. 15, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
705
Rev. Phineas Robinson, 1839-42.
Samuel S. Stebbins, 1844.
James Ellis, Jr., 1845.
J. La F. Cushman, 1846.
Theodore M. Bishop, 1847-48.
J. Fayette Pettibone, A. B., 1849.
James A. Robinson, A. B., 1850.
B. B. Caruth, 1851.
W. M. Crosby, A. B., 1852.
Principals.
SHERMAN ACADEMY.
Egbert L. Bangs, 1853.
Samuel S. Stebbins, A. M., 1854-55.
Horace H. Burchard, A. B., 1856.
D. W. Harrington, 1868.
Louis Dembinski, A. M., 1870-75.
Stanley P. Field, 1876.
Lena F. Colwell, 1877.
Eugene Bouton, A. B., 1878-80.
John O. Spencer, 1881-
(Moriah, Essex Co.
Incorporated by the Regents February 16, 1841. Name changed
from "Moriah Academy," by Regents October 31, 1873, by request
of its Trustees, in compliment to George Sherman, a Trustee, who had
caused the Academic building to be repaired, enlarged, re-seated and
painted at an expense of $2,000, which had been paid by him. He
had also endowed the Academy by a gift of $30,000, the annual in-
come of which was to be applied to the payment of teachers' salaries
and the purchase of books and apparatus. The change was made in
compliance with the universal wish of the inhabitants of the village
and of the Trustees.
Edward J. Owen, M. A., 1874.
Principal.
SHERMAN UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Sherman, Chau-
tauqua Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.¹
Admitted by
Regents April 21, 1874.
James W. Brown, 1874-75.
J. H. Selden,
James W. Brown 1876.
wn}
Principals.
J. H. Selden, 1877-78.
F. H. Hall, 1879-80.
Alton W. Onthank, 1881
SILVER CREEK UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Creek, Chautauqua Co.)
Admitted by the Regents January 29, 1880.
John W. Babcock, A. B., 1880.
(Silver
Principals.
P. K. Pattison, A. M., 1881-
(Sinclair-
SINCLAIRVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
ville, Chautauqua Co.)
Admitted by the Regents,
Frank H. Hall, A. B., 1883.
1883.
Principal.
1
Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
89
706
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
SKANEATELES ACADEMY.
(Skaneateles, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 14, 1829.¹ Authorized to sell
property to pay debts March 19, 1852.2
SKANEATELES UNION SCHOOL, DISTRICT No. 10, ACADEMIC DEPART-
MENT. (Skaneateles, Onondaga Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.3 Admitted by
Regents June 3, 1868.
Principals.
Wm. C. Bowen, A. M., 1870-74.
F. D. Hodson, A. M., 1875.
Arthur M. Wright, A. M., 1876-81.
Frank Curtis Whitney, A. B., 1882-
SMITHVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Smithville,
Chenanago Co.)
Admitted by the Regents April 11, 1879.
E. W. Rogers, 1879-80.
Principals.
George Irving Skinner, A. B., 1883-
George B. Turnbull, A. B., 1881-82.
SODUS ACADEMY. (Sodus, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 11, 1855.
Dexter E. Clapp, A. B., 1854-55.
E. P. Harris, A. B., 1856.
Principals.
Lewis H. Clark, 1858-64.
Charles H. Dann, 1857.
SOUTHOLD ACADEMY.
Elisha Curtis, A. M., 1865–
(Southold, Suffolk Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 21, 1837. The building of this
institution was erected in 1834, and was then and for many years
afterward the most spacious one of the kind in the county.
Selah Hammond.
Principal.
SPENCER UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Spencer, Tioga
Co.)
Received under visitation of the Regents March 1, 1875.
W. Nathan Ferris, M. D., 1875.
C. H. Freeman, 1876.
Fred Johnson, 1877.
George L. Graham, 1878.
1
¹ Chap. 127, Laws of 1829.
2 Chap, 68, Laws of 1852.
Principals.
Charles O. Vose, 1879.
Frank J. Vose, 1880.
Floyd S. Lowell, 1881
3 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
4 Chap. 222, Laws of 1837.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
707
SPENCERTOWN ACADEMY. (Spencertown, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature May 13, 1845.¹ Admitted by Re-
gents December 3, 1847. Merged in the School System, and now
known as the "Spencertown (Free) Academy."
John D. E. Jones, 1847-48.
Elias E. Warner, A. B., 1849.
Robert L. Dodge, 1850.
A. F. Carman, A. B., 1851.
Alden Whipple, A. B., 1852.
Andrew W. Morehouse, 1853-57.
Irving Magee, A. B., 1858.
SPRING MILLS ACADEMY.
Principals.
James W. Grush, A. B., 1859-60.
Levi S. Packard, A. M., 1861-63.
W. B. Putney, 1864.
Alexander Reynolds, 1865-66.
Isaac Fowler, M. D., 1867-71.
C. S. Mead, 1872.
Rev. H. R. Schermerhorn, 1873-78.
(Spring Mills, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 8, 1861.
Rev. Lowell L. Rogers, 1862.
Daniel H. Cobb, 1863.
Principals.
Elias Horton, Jr., 1864-65.
SPRINGVILLE ACADEMY.
(See "Griffith Institute.”)
S. S. SEWARD INSTITUTE. (Florida, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 7, 1847.2 Admitted by Re-
gents February 4, 1848. Male and female departments conducted
separately.
Miss Elizabeth Parsons, 1847-50.
John W. Round, A. M.,
Principals.
Miss Elizabeth Parsons,
}
James H. Durkee,
Mrs. G. W. Seward,
1873-74.
1851-54.
T. G. Schriver,
Mrs. G. W. Seward,
1875-76.
Henry A. Harlo,
1878.
John W. Round, A. M., 1855-61.
T. G. Schriver, A. M., 1862-66.
T. G. Schriver,
Miss Mary Hotchkiss,
T. G. Schriver,
Mrs. G. W. Seward,
1867-68.
1869-72.
STAMFORD SEMINARY.
Incorporated by the Regents
J. Harvey McKee, LL. B., 1876-78.
Mrs. G. W. Seward,
Henry A. Harlo, A. M., 1879-81.
Charles H. Atkins, A. B., 1882.
Mrs. M. S. Parks, 1883-
(Stamford, Delaware Co.)
January 11, 1872.
Principals.
Robert W. Hughes, A. B., 1882.
STARKEY SEMINARY. (Starkey, Yates Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 25, 1848.
Rev. Edward Chadwick, A. M., 1848-61.
Oscar F. Ingalsbe, A. M., 1862-73.
B. F. McHenry, A. M., 1874-77.
1
¹ Chap. 187, Laws of 1845.
Principals.
R. D. Evans, A. M., 1878.
Oscar F. Ingoldgsby, A. M., 1879-
2 Chap. 235, Laws of 1847.
708
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
STEUBEN ACADEMY. (Steuben, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 17, 1826.1 Admitted by Re-
gents January 29, 1828. Discontinued about 1830.
Charles Chapman, 1827.
Principals.
Wm. G. Lloyd, 1829-30.
James Henry Eells, 1828.
STILLWATER ACADEMY. (Stillwater, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 29, 1839.
Principal.
Zalmon Richards, 1839-46.
STILLWATER SEMINARY. (Stillwater, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 25, 1848. A reincorpora-
tion of the preceding.
William T. Goodenough, 1847.
Nathan W. Ayer, A. B., 1848-49.
Principals.
Joseph F. Cary, A. M., 1850-51.
E. Franklin Foster, 1852-
SULLIVAN COUNTY ACADEMY.2 (Bloomingburg, Sullivan Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 5, 18283 Admitted by Re-
gents March 31, 1831.
Samuel Pitts.
Principals.
Samuel Robinson, 1831.
SUSQUEHANNA SEMINARY. (Binghamton, Broome Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 7, 1854, and
charter declared absolute January 14, 1855.
4
An act passed April
16, 1857, allowed the Comptroller to loan $15,000, and take a
mortgage upon the property. The mortgage was foreclosed and the
title acquired by the State. By act of April 22, 1862,5 the premises
were to be given back to the Trustees, upon certain conditions
¹ Chap. 288, Laws of 1826.
1
2 This Academy was located in the north-eastern part of the village, and the
edifice was erected in 1810 or 1811; and a private school was taught several years
before incorporation, among the teachers were Alpheus Dimmick, John Burnett,
Samuel Moseley, Alexander Patterson and others. The Rev. H. Connelly was for
a considerable time Principal. The Academy was at one time flourishing, but it
declined to a low degree, and the premises were used for Common School pur-
poses. (Quinlan's Hist. Sullivan Co., p. 438.)
3 Chap. 171, Laws of 1828.
4 Chap. 675, Laws of 1857.
Б
5 Chap. 434, Laws of 1862.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
709
stated, but which were not fulfilled.' The building erected for
Susquehanna Seminary is now occupied by St. Mary's Orphan
Asylum, under the charge of Catholics of the city.
Henry Carver, A. M., 1857-58.
Principals.
Stephen A. Walker, A. B., 1860-63.
Alfred B. Miller, A. M., 1859.
SYRACUSE ACADEMY. (Syracuse, Onondaga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 28, 1835.2 Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839.
Oren Root, 1838-43.
Principals.
Joseph A. Allen, 1844.
SYRACUSE HIGH SCHOOL. (Syracuse, Onondaga Co.)
Organized under act of April 13, 1860.³ Admitted by Regents
January 9, 1862. A description of the building, with engraving, is
given in Regents' report of 1870, p. 486.
Charles O. Roundy, A. M., 1861-71.
Walter A. Brownell, 1872.
Principals.
Samuel Thurber, A. M., 1873-78.
George A. Bacon, A. M., Ph. D., 1879.
TEMPLE GROVE SEMINARY. (Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents June 4, 1869. Charter
made absolute April 11, 1879.
Charles F. Dowd, A. M., 1875-78.
Principal.
TEN BROECK FREE ACADEMY. (Franklinville, Cattaraugus Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 19, 1862. Admitted by
Regents April 19, 1862. Entitled to share in Literature Fund
April 11, 1868.5 The Peter Ten Broeck legacy may be paid. Act
of May 1, 1868.6 The Supervisors were required April 3, 1879,7 to
cause the report of this Academy to be printed in their annual
Journal of Proceedings.
William M. Benson, A. M., 1868-82.
Principals.
Theodore F. Chapin, A. M., 1883-
¹ Communication from the Comptroller in answer to a resolution of the Assem-
Assem. Doc. 64, 1863.
bly.
2 Chap. 170, Laws of 1835.
3 Chap. 357, Laws of 1860.
4
Chap. 353, Laws of 1862.
5 Chap. 162, Laws of 1868.
Chap. 517, Laws of 1868.
'Chap. 102, Laws of 1879.
710
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
TICONDEROGA ACADEMY. (Ticonderoga, Essex Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 8, 1858. A
fund was raised and an Academy taught one or two years, when it
became a private school, one teacher after another occupying the
premises for several years upon their own account. In 1872 the
building and lot were conveyed to the Union Free School District
on a lease of ninety-nine years. The building was rebuilt, and
whatever funds belonged to the Academy were used.
TONAWANDA UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Tonawanda,
Erie Co.)
[Union School of District No. 3, of Tonawanda.]
Admitted by
the Regents July 11, 1877.
Principal.
Benjamin F. Betts, C. E., 1878-80.
TRACY FEMALE INSTITUTE. (Rochester, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 17, 1857.¹ By act of May
21, 1872,2 Lucilla Tracy and her associates were declared a corpora-
tion by the name of "The Tracy Female College."
TROUPSBURGH ACADEMY. (Troupsburgh Centre, Steuben Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 17, 1861. Burned about
fifteen years ago.
Rev. W. H. Rogers, A. M., 1863-64.
Principals.
Rev. Wm. Rees, D. D., 1865-68.
4
Co.)
Allowed to merge
proposed that the
"Rensselaer Insti-
TROY ACADEMY. (Troy, Rensselaer
Incorporated by the Legislature May 5, 1834.3
with Rensselaer Institute May 8, 1837. It was
united institutions should bear the name of the
tute," but that they should remain two separate branches; one as
"The Department of Experimental Science," and the other as "The
Department of Classical Literature." A prudential committee,
composed of three members from each, was to have charge of their
common affairs, and of all the property of both. They were to
share in the Literature Fund, upon compliance with rules. Admitted
by the Regents February 5, 1839. The proposed union not having
been carried into effect, this institution remained as the "Troy
Academy.
995
1 Chap. 705, Laws of 1857,
⁹ Chap. 803, Laws of 1872.
3 Chap. 295, Laws of 1834.
4 Chap. 351, Laws of 1837.
5 By act of January 14, 1839 (chap. 4), five trustees were to form a quorum.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
711
Charles H. Anthony, 1838-40.
R. S. Hones, 1841-46.
John D. E. Jones, 1847-48.
James L. Newell, A. B., 1851-52.
A. P. Beals, A. B., 1849-50.
Principals.
John Smith, A. M., 1853-54.
Philip Furbeck, A. B., 1855.
James T. Allen, B. S., 1856-58.
T. Newton Wilson, A. M., 1859-
(Troy, Rensselaer Co.)
TROY EPISCOPAL INSTITUTE.
Incorporated by Legislature April 13, 1839.¹
TROY FEMALE SEMINARY. (Troy, Rensselaer Co.)
Founded by Mrs. Emma Willard, who had previously taught the
Waterford Female Academy (1819-21), and removed her institution
to Troy in the spring of 1821, where the citizens had provided a
large and commodious building. Her sister, Mrs. Almira Lincoln,
was associated with her in the Seminary, from 1824 to 1833, and the
reputation which these distinguished teachers acquired brought un-
paralleled success to the institution, which was conducted without a
charter about seventeen years. It was incorporated by the Legisla-
ture May 6, 1837,2 and admitted by the Regents January 30, 1838.3
It was continued as a boarding Academy until 1873, and has since
been conducted as a day school.
Principals.
Mrs. Emma Willard, 1821-37.
Mrs. Sarah L. Willard, 1839-48.
TROY HIGH SCHOOL.
John H. Willard, 1848-73.
Emily T. Wilcox, 1874-76.
(Troy, Rensselaer Co.)
Organized under general act of April 22, 1862. Admitted by
Regents January 9, 1863.
Marcus H. Martin, 1862-70.
David Beattice, 1871.
Principals.
H. A. Pierce, A. M., 1873-82.
Henry A. Judson, Á. M., 1883-
TRUMANSBURGH ACADEMY. (Trumansburgh, Tompkins Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents July 6, 1854. Charter
declared absolute January 21, 1858. Merged in the "Trumans-
burgh Union School, Academic Department," in January, 1879, all
the property of the Academy being transferred to the Board of
Education.
1 Chap. 169, Laws of 1839.
2 Chap. 339, Laws of 1837. By an act passed in 1834 (chap. 21), the city of
Troy was authorized to raise $12,000 for purchase of more land and enlargement
of buildings. Further provision was made in respect to the debt thus incurred
in 1843.
³ A sketch of the history of this institution will be found in the Regent's re.
port of 1877, pp. 657-670.
4 Chap. 198, Laws of 1862.
712
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Ed. O. Cowles, A. B., 1857.
Stephen Hadden, A. B., 1858.
A. H. Pease, A. M., 1859-60.
E. M. Maynard, A. M., 1861-68.
Ralph Hunt, A. B., 1869.
N. B. Congdon, 1870.
Orlo Horton, 1871.
John G. Moon, 1872.
Principals.
TURIN ACADEMY.
Fox Holden, A. B., 1873.
Francis H. Grove, 1874.
David Campbell, 1875.
R. S. Smith, 1876.
James O. Griffin, 1879.
Daniel O. Barto, 1880.
Frank D. Woodard, 1881.
A. W. Dyke, A. M., 1882—
(Turin, Lewis Co.).
Incorporated by the Legislature April 30, 1839.¹ Not organized.
ULSTER FREE ACADEMY. (Rondout, Ulster Co.)
The "Rondout Union School," or "Kingston Union School No.
2," admitted by the Regents January 9, 1880.
Principals.
L. M. Edmonds, 1880.
Thomas Raflery, A. M., 1881-82.
ULSTER FEMALE SEMINARY. (Ellenville, Ulster Co.)
The "Ellenville High School" was incorporated by the Regents
April 17, 1856, and merged in the " Ulster Female Seminary.'
""
S. A. Law Post, of Ellenville, declared a corporation with succes-
sion by his executors or trustees to be duly appointed by his will, for
the establishment of a Seminary, April 22, 1867.2
UNADILLA ACADEMY. (Unadilla, Otsego Co.)
Incorporated by Regents April 1, 1852. By an act passed May
3, 1872,³ a majority of the tax payers of the town of Unadilla might
consent in writing to the appropriation of $10,000, being part of the
surplus moneys in the hands of town railroad commissioners, as a fund
for payment of teachers. The money was to revert to the town in case
the Academy failed to maintain instruction for two years. This act
was amended April 4, 1873,¹ by allowing the commissioners to set
apart for this use certain interest-bearing securities.
William A. Ely, A. B., 1852-53.
Alfred E. Burt, A. M., 1854-59.
F. B. Arnold, A. B., 1860-65.
William O. Webster, 1866.
S. E. Smith, A. B., 1867-68.
D. S. Truman, 1869-71.
1 Chap. 294, Laws of 1839.
2 Chap. 537, Laws of 1867.
Principals.
R. J. Chamberlain, 1872.
J. H. Willets, 1873-75.
James O. Griffin, 1876-79.
Thomas P. Ballard, 1880.
Emmet Belknap, A. B., 1881-
3 Chap. 484, Laws of 1872.
4
Chap. 178, Laws of 1873.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
713
UNION ACADEMY. (Stone Arabia, Montgomery Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 31, 1795. Building erected
and a school taught for a time but no reports made after the first
year.
UNION ACADEMY. (Granger, Allegany Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 11, 1855. This Academy
was never organized.
UNION ACADEMY OF BELLVILLE. (Bellville, Jefferson Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents October 13, 1859. Name changed
by the Regents from "Union Literary Society," October 13, 1859.
Rev. J. Dunbar Houghton,
Benj. D. Gifford, A. B., 1865.
Rev. Buel A. Smith, A. B., 1866.
E. H. Miller, 1867.
R. L. Thatcher, A. M., 1868-69.
Principals.
UNION HALL ACADEMY.
W. W. Grant, A. M., 1870-73.
Henry Carver, A. B., 1874.
George F. Sawyer, A. B., 1875-81.
Lee S. Pratt, A. B., 1882.
William C. Joslin, A. B., 1883-
(Jamaica, Queens Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 29, 1792, and for a long
period one of the leading Academies in the State. In 1834 a Female
Seminary was built and opened in May of that year, under the care
of Miss Margaret Adrian. It was established under the charter of
Union Hall Academy, but conducted otherwise as a separate institu-
tion.
Principals.
Lewis E. A. Eigenlandt, 1805-20.
Rev. John Mulligan, A. M., 1830.
Henry Onderdonk, Jr.; Mary Hanna, 1833-41.
Henry Onderdonk, Jr. 1842.
Henry Onderdonk Jr.; Margaret
1843-48.
Adrian
(Imperfect list.)
Henry Onderdonk, Jr., A. M., 1849.
John N. Brinkerhoof, A. M., 1850.
Rev. Peter S. Williamson, A. M., 1851.
John N. Brinkerhoof, A. M., 1852-65.
Daniel O. Quimby, 1866-68.
Jared Hasbrouck, A. M., 1869-73.
UNION HALL OF CATSKILL. (Catskill, Greene Co.)
(See "Catskill Academy.")
UNION LITERARY SOCIETY. (Bellville, Jefferson Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1826.¹ Name changed
to "Union Academy of Bellville," October 13, 1859, by Regents."
When first started, this was intended for a manual labor school upon
a plan devised about 1824 by the Rev. Joshua Bradley, a Baptist
clergyman. It was expected to combine all the advantages that an
1
¹ Chap. 165, Laws of 1826.
"Reports upon this Academy were made in 1831 and 1846, Assem. Doc. 262, 1831;
Assem. Doc. 141, 1846.
90
714
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Academy could bestow, and afford a revenue from its earnings to
sufficiently remunerate the stockholders.
H. H. Hoff (2 years).
Charles Avery (2 years).
La Rue Thompson (2 years).
George W. Eaton (1 year).
Principals.
ige,
John Mullin (1 year), 1833.
H. H. Barney (2 years), 1834-35.
L. E. Boomer, 1836.
Truman C. Hill (1 year), 1837.
(Building sold by foreclosure of mortgage, but the institution was revived largely through
the efforts of Rev. Jedediah Burchard.
Rev. George T. King (at the end of one year associated with Richard Ellis as joint princi-
pal).
Richard Ellis (3 years).
Orsemus Cole, 1844.
Richard Ellis,
Calvin Littlefield, 1845-46.
George S. Ramsay, 1847-48.
John P. Houghton, A. B., 1850-51.
Rev. J. Dunbar Houghton, A. M., 1852-64.
(See "Union Academy of Bellville " for continuation.)
UNION VILLAGE ACADEMY. (Union Village [Greenwich] Washing-
ton Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 13, 1840. Merged in the
"Greenwich Union School, Academic Department” in 1868, still
retaining its individuality.
James D. Lowrie, 1839-40.
Sanford C. Mead, 1841-42.
Horace Sprague, 1843-46.
Thomas R. Ingalls, 1847-48.
Principals.
George D. Stewart, A. B., 1852-55.
Henry Barnes, Jr., 1856-57.
Leicester Allen, A. B., 1859-60.
George D. Stewart, 1858.
James Dobbin, A. M., 1861-65.
Edmund H. Gibson, 1866-69.
James S. Livingston, A. B., 1849.
William W. Paddock, A. M., 1851.
UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO. (Buffalo, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 4, 1859. Allowed to establish
an Academic Department April 4, 1859,¹ but this was not done.
URSULINE CONVENT. (Morrisania, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1868. Has not re-
ported to the Regents.
UTICA ACADEMY. (Utica, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 14, 1814. After much dis-
agreement about the location, an arrangement was made by which
every subscriber of $5 was to have a vote for either one of two
sites, and 667 votes were obtained for Chancellor Square and 445
for a lot on Genesee street. With the aid of the village, a building
was erected in 1818, which besides being used for academic pur-
¹ Chap. 117, Laws of 1859.
1
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
715
poses, served for many years as a court room for County, State and
United States Courts, and as a Town Hall.¹
The building continued to be used for academic and judicial pur-
poses until 1859, when an arrangement was made by which the
county received the John street front of the Academy lot, about
100 by 115 feet, on condition, in addition to a pecuniary considera-
tion, that it should release the remainder and should be free of all
easements for courts and public meetings. In these proceedings, the
rights of the original grantors and of the city were released, and
the premises became vested in the trustees of the Academy alone.
In 18532 an act was passed by which the powers of the Trustees
were vested in the Commissioners of Common Schools in the city
of Utica, and the Academy was made one of the Common Schools
of the city, but still subject to the visitation of the Regents, and. en-
titled to all the rights and privileges it had formerly enjoyed. In
May, 1865, the old Academy was burned with its furniture and ap-
paratus, and on the 23d of January, 1866,3 the Common Council was
¹ Dr. M. M. Bagg, in his Pioneers of Utica," (p. 390) quoting from an address
by Mr. J. Watson Williams at the opening of the second modern building, Janu-
ary 31, 1868, gives the following account of this first building:
"It was an unpretending brick edifice of two stories, about 50 by 60 feet, with
a wide hall; one large room on the north and two smaller on the south on the
first floor; and the whole upper floor was the court room.
The external appear-
ance of this structure was not such as would now suit the eye very favorably, al-
though it was a well-proportioned and symmetrical building, possessing more of
the old breadth of style than is agreeable to modern eyes, accustomed to see only
the beauty of height and narrowness. With suitable external embellishments,
such as the economy of that day would not tolerate, it would have been a tasteful
edifice, if left to stand alone without any towering neighbors to put it out of
countenance. But it was never commodious for its purpose, and was ill calculated
to serve the double purpose it was destined to. Constables were required to stand
guard during play hours to stifle urchin shouts, while the sacred silence of study
hours was interrupted by the tread and turmoil of throngs of jurymen, witnesses,
attorneys and judges, to say nothing of the pleasant grievance of being routed
out of this and that recitation room to make way for jurymen about to cast lots or
toss coppers for verdicts."
And thus, with all its inconvenience and its hindrances, it stood for over forty
years without change of purpose or plan, never lacking of a teacher or of pupils,
yet harboring from term to term the followers of the Supreme, the National and
the County Courts, and serving likewise the ends of citizens intent on matters of
local or of general interest, a nursery for generations of youth, a hall of judg-
ment for the wrong-doer, and a town hall for a public spirited and intelligent
people.
2 Chap. 272, Laws of 1853. The arrangement for this transfer was made in the
fall of 1852.
3 Chap. 9, Laws of 1866.
腐
​716
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
authorized to borrow $25,000 to rebuild on the old site (but facing
in the opposite direction, toward the square), and for the enlarge-
ment of grounds, and the purchase of books and apparatus. In
1868,¹ the further sum of $10,000 might be raised for furnishing
the main academic building, which was completed in that year.
Since its union with the Common School system, it has been
known as the "Utica Free Academy." 2
Principals.
Rev. Jesse Townshend (before a building was Rev. Thomas Towel, 1837.
erected), 1815.
Rev. Samuel T. Mills, 1818.
Wm. Sparrow, 1819.
Carson and Johnson, 1820.
Edward Aiken, 1821.
Charles Stewart, 1822.
Alexander Dwyer, 1823.
David Prentice, 1824-36.
Mancer M. Backus, 1838-40.
George M. Perkins, 1841-44.
George Spencer, A. B., 1844-50.
Ellis H. Roberts, A. B., 1850-51.
Newcomb,
Fitz Henry Weld, A. M., 1853-57.
George C. Sawyer, A. M., 1858--
UTICA CITY LIBRARY.
The Board of School Commissioners at their organization in 1842,
took charge of the Public Library, then numbering 1,700 volumes.
In recent years a library building has been erected on the north side
of Elizabeth street between Genesee and Charlotte streets. It has
a frontage of 64 feet and a depth of 88. It is built in the Victoria
Gothic style, and has two stories and an attic, the front façade con-
taining a tower, which projects four feet, rises 51 feet to the cornice,
and is covered with a pyramidal roof 30 feet in height. It contains
the Superintendent's office, room for the Board of Education, Ref-
erence Library, reading room, lecture room and library proper. The
library in 1877 reported 6,167 volumes.
UTICA FEMALE ACADEMY. (Utica, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 28, 1837.3 Admitted by Re-
gents February 5, 1839. Provisions for rebuilding after fire,* April
14, 1865.5
1 ¹ Chap. 38, Laws of 1868.
² A description of this building with engravings, will be found in Regents' Re-
port of 1871, p. 463.
3 Chap. 284, Laws of 1837. Capital, $20,000; shares, $100. Affairs managed
by twenty-one Trustees, and allowed to share in the Literature Fund, upon comply-
ing with the rules of the Regents. An increase of capital to not over $35,000 was
allowed April 6, 1849 (chap. 253). The Female Academy was formally reopened
after rebuilding, in October, 1871.
4 This fire occurred March 27, 1865, and was probably set by an incendiary.
Chap. 419, Laws of 1865. New scrip may be issued, increasing the capital to
not over $75,000; shares reduced to $50.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
717
Miss Urania E. Sheldon, 1838-41.
James Nichols, 1848-43.
Miss Jane E. Kelly, 1844-72.
VERNON ACADEMY.
Principals.
Mrs. E. F. Hammill, 1873-75.
Mrs. J. C. G. Piatt, 1876.
(Vernon, Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 18, 1838.¹ Admitted by
Regents February 5, 1839. A Union Free School was formed by
the consolidation of School Districts No. 8 of Vernon, and No. 2
of Lenox, and joint district No. 26, of these towns. The pro-
ceedings therein were confirmed by act of April 11, 1865,2 and a
portion of the public square in the village of Oneida Castle with
the Academic buildings thereon, were directed to be conveyed to
the Union district thus formed, for the use of the Board of Educa-
tion, and to enable them to erect new buildings thereon. The Aca-
demic Department of this Union School was admitted January 11,
1877.
Charles Kilbourn, 1838.
Ely Burchard, 1839.
Ensign Baker, 1840-41.
Hugh B. Lalley, 1842-43.
Henry A. Williams, 1844-46.
Horace Lathrop, 1847.
Eli C. Botsford, 1848-49.
S. S. Norton, A. M., 1850-51.
C. L. Percival, A. M., 1852-55.
A. G. Williams, A. M., 1856-58.
S. F. Adams, A. B., 1859-60.
B. F. Sceva, A. B., 1861.
Walter Smith, 1862-63.
Principals.
VICTORY ACADEMY.
Miss C. Amanda Barber, 1864.
S. W. Culver, 1865-66.
M. A. Sullivan, 1867.
Stephen Manchester, 1868.
Miss Rowena R. Ney, 1869.
M. A. Sullivan, 1870-71.
Randall Pease, A. B., 1872-73.
Mary A. Sullivan, 1874-75.
Edson W. Davis, A. B., 1876.
Philip M. Hall, A. M., 1877-79.
Clarence M. Champion, 1880.
Harlo Loomis, 1881
(Victory, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 21, 1836.3
WALLABOUT SELECT GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF THE SEVENTH WARD OF
THE CITY OF BROOKLYN. (Brooklyn, Kings Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 4, 1839.¹
WALLKILL ACADEMY. (Middletown, Orange Co.)
5
Incorporated by the Legislature May 26, 1841. Admitted by
Regents February 13, 1842. Merged in the "Wallkill Union School,
Academic Department."
1 Chap. 273, Laws of 1838.
Chap. 376, Laws of 1865.
3 Chap. 403, Laws of 1836.
* Chap. 334, Laws of 1839.
5 Chap. 349, Laws of 1841.
718
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Rev. Phineas Robinson, 1843-44.
Patrick McGregor, A. M., 1845-49.
Henry Freeman, 1850-54.
Rev. P. T. Babbitt, A. B., 1855.
WALTON ACADEMY.
Principals.
D. Kerr Bull, 1856-68.
George H. Decker, A. M., 1869-70.
Dr. H. Warren, A. M., 1871-74.
Henry R. Sanford, A. M., 1875-.
(Walton, Delaware Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents February 10, 1854. Merged in the
"Walton Union School, Academic Department."
E. M. Maynard, A. M., 1854-57.
M. N. Horton, A. M., 1858-61.
Sidney Crawford, 1862-64.
Charles E. Summer, 1865-67.
Principals.
Strong Comstock, A. B., 1868-70.
T. D. Barclay, B. D., 1871-72.
Strong Comstock, A. M., 1873-
(Walworth, Wayne Co.)
WALWORTH ACADEMY.
Incorporated by the Legislature May 12, 1841.¹ Admitted by
Regents April 19, 1843. Authorized to sell and buy other lands,
April 2, 1864.2 By an ordinance passed March 5, 1857, the power
of electing Trustees to this Academy was vested in the East Genesee
Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This was repealed
January 13, 1870, and the power restored to the stockholders.
E. B. Walworth, 1843-44.
Ornon Archer, 1844-45.
A. G. Williams, 1847-48.
James A. Smith, 1849-50.
J. Chamberlain, A. M., 1851-52.
John F. Severance, A. M., 1854-55.
H. Vosburgh, 1856.
W. B. Holt, A. B., 1857-58.
Principals.
C. H. Dann, 1859.
George H. Preston, 1860.
Henry L. Harter, A. M., 1861.
H. O. Abbott, A. B., 1862-65.
John G. Williams, A. M., 1866-67.
Daniel Ayres, 1868-69.
J. Carlton Norris, 1875 —
WARNERSVILLE UNION SEMINARY AND FEMALE INSTITUTE. (War-
nersville, Schoharie Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 27, 1854.
WARREN FREE INSTITUTE IN THE CITY OF TROY. (Troy, Rensselaer
Co.)
Incorporated March 19, 1846,3 for the purpose of maintaining a free
school already established in the city of Troy, for the instruction of
indigent female children in the elements of an English education, and
in music, needle work and other useful employments, and of main-
taining a place of worship. Not to be deemed within the provisions
of law with respect to Literature Fund.
4
The above act revived April 5, 1859, the name changed to the
1 Chap. 188, Laws of 1841.
2 Chap. 112, Laws of 1864.
3 Chap. 33, Laws of 1846.
4
Chap. 140, Laws of 1859.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
719
"Mary Warren Free Institute of the City of Troy," and additional
powers specified. The Trustees were to be communicants of the
Protestant Episcopal Church.
WARREN COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL. (Glens Falls, Warren Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 15, 1828.¹ Not organized.
WARRENSBURGH ACADEMY. (Warrensburgh, Warren Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents May 4, 1860.
Alfred A. Post, A. M., 1861.
Frank Shepard, A. M., 1862-63.
Wm. R. Baldwin, A. B., 1864.
Thomas H. Hall, A. B., 1865-66.
A. B. Abbott, A. B., 1867.
Kendrick S. Putnam, A. M., 1868.
C. S. Merrill, A. B., 1869-70.
J. E. Weld, 1871.
Principals.
H. F. Ferry, 1872.
Henry P. Robinson, A. B., 1872.
Lewis L. Lawrence, A. B., 1873-74.
Warrington Somers, 1875-76.
W. S. Austin, A. M., 1877-79.
Frank Morton, A. M., 1881.
C. L. Morey, 1882.
L. S. Packard, 1883.
WARSAW UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
oming Co.)
(Warsaw, Wy-
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.2 Incorporated by
the Regents January 11, 1855. Tuition charges authorized by chap.
222, Laws of 1868.
N. F. Wright, A. B., 1854-55.
J. B. Brigham, 1856.
E. P. Harris, A. B., 1857.
N. F. Wright, A. M., 1858-59.
Joseph Dill, Á. M., 1860.
Joseph Gile, A. M., 1861.
Joseph Dill, A. M., 1862.
Principals.
Winslow Scofield, 1863.
Charles H. Dann, 1864-69.
S. E. Peck, 1870.
Flail C. Sheldon, 1871-74.
S. M. Dodge, A. B., 1875.
A. P. Chapin, 1876-82.
Edwin D. Merriam, A. B., 1883.
WARWICK INSTITUTE. (Warwick, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 17, 1854. Merged in the
Common School System as Warwick (Free) Institute, Academic
Department. The change occurred January 25, 1868.
Rev. Wm. H. Carter, 1854.
Adrian H. Demming, 1855.
Clarence L. Bennet, 1856-57.
Charles E. Benedict, 1858-59.
Robert C. Wetenhall, A. M., 1860.
John P. Birch, A. M., 1861-62.
Principals.
James F. Knowles, 1863.
C. H. Riggs, A. M., 1864-68.
Dr. Hiram Warren, A. M., 1869-71.
N. H. Dumond, 1872-74.
M. N. Kane, 1875.
A. G. McAlister, A. M., 1876-
WASHINGTON ACADEMY. (Salem, Washington Co.)
A classical school was begun in Salem (then called "New Perth ")
in 1780, by the Rev. Thomas Watson, and continued several years.
He was succeeded by St. John Honeywood. In December, 1790,
a petition was addressed to the Regents for an Academic charter,
and one was granted February 15, 1791, under the name of "The
'Chap. 226, Laws of 1828.
* Chap. 392, Laws of 1853.
2
720
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Trustees of Washington Academy, in Salem, in the county of Wash-
ington in the State of New York."
The Academy was organized under its charter without delay, and
a school begun in the spring of 1791, in a room fitted up by Gen.
John Williams. In 1794, the same patron presented to the Trustees
a suitable Academic building,' which remained in use until burned
in 1802. Temporary accommodations were used until 1810-11,
when a third building was erected, the town raising $500 by tax for
its completion. It was used until 1819, when it was burned with
its library and school furniture.
2
The Trustees did not allow this new misfortune to interrupt their
Academy, which was continued in the Session House of a church in
Salem, and measures were commenced without delay for rebuilding.
An act was passed March 19, 1819,3 appropriating $3,000 to aid in
rebuilding after this second fire, upon condition that an equal sum
was raised from other sources. It was much larger and better than
the preceding, but in its erection a debt was contracted which re-
mained a burden thirty years afterwards. It was occupied in 1820,
a boarding department being provided in the building.
4
The Academy prospered for many years with various changes in
its management, but without important event, until on the 17th of
April, 1851,5 an act was passed amending the village charter. In this
act, the village Trustees were directed to appoint six Commissioners
of Schools, who were to be classified so that two would be elected
annually thereafter, with power to institute a system of graded
schools. They might contract with the Trustees of Washington
Academy, for the lease of their premises, or for joint occupation ;
and under this arrangement the Academy became free to the inhabit-
ants living within the village district within certain limitations,
which the Trustees might define.
¹ This was two stories high, surmounted by a tower for a bell. It had two
school rooms and a library room on the first floor, and six rooms for lodging and
recitations of students. It was burned about December 20, 1802. It had cost
£460 ($1,150).
2 This building was framed, 54 by 44 feet in size and two stories high. It con-
tained rooms for the Principal's family and for boarding and lodging students.
It was burned on the morning of February 18, 1819. The Adelphi Society's Li-
brary, lost with the building, contained 300 volumes. The loss amounted to $4,-
500 and there was no insurance.
3 Chap. 55, Laws of 1819.
4 This edifice was of brick, three stories high, with a basement, 56 by 52 feet in
size, and finished in a most substantial manner.
5 Chap. 206, Laws of 1851.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
721
This act was not to prevent the Trustees from instituting teachers'
classes as before, nor from collecting tuitions from students coming
from abroad. This was one of the earliest of the free schools estab-
lished in the State, in connection with Academic instruction. There
was some hesitation in the adoption of the permissive features of the
act, as the measure was new, wholly without precedent, and by some
not rightly understood. The arrangement was finally concluded
in December, 1853, and has been continued to the present time.
In 1872, plans for enlargement and renovation were adopted, at
the expense of the Board of Education, and by this, the accommoda-
tions were increased three-fold, and the architectural appearance of
the structure was greatly improved.¹
On the 25th and 26th of August, 1880, the Academy celebrated the
centennial year of organization of the first classical school in Salem,
which is regarded as the beginning of Academic education in that
place. The occasion drew together great numbers of the former
students, and friends of education from distant parts, and gave an
opportunity for reviewing the experience of a century rich in the
history of science, literature and art, and in which this institution,
within its sphere, had borne an honorable part.
Rev. Thomas Watson, 1780.
St. John Honeywood, 1788.
Charles Ingalls, 1791.
Artemas Robbins, M. D., 1800.
Cornelius Holmes, M. D., 1801.
Rev. Joseph L. Mills, 1802.
Rev. William McMurray, 1804.
Rev. John Frost, 1804.
Rev. Thomas Whyte, 1806.
Rev. Thomas Gross, 1808.
James Stevenson, 1810.
Rev. Joel B. Nott, 1817.
Hon. John W. Proudfit, 1818.
Rev. John McNiece, 1818.
Rev. Sidney Weller, 1820.
William Williams, 1824.
Rev. James W. Stewart, 1831.
Principals.
*
(Appointed.)
Henry Barnes, A. M., 1832.
Rev. Earl W. Larkin, 1839.
David S. Sheldon, A. M., 1842.
Rev. James H. Carruth, 1842.
William H. McHarg, A. M., 1844.
Rev. Calvin Butler, 1845.
Rev. John Crawford, 1848.
Hobert Rogers, A. M., 1848.
James S. Dobbin, A. M., 1850.
Winchester W. Whitcomb, 1853.
Charles A. White, 1855.
Rev. William M. Johnson, 1858.
John A. McFarland, A. M., 1859.
William Gorrie, A. M., 1865.
James S. Dobbin, A. M., 1866.
John A. McFarland, A. M., 1867-
*The following is from a list published in connection with the Centennial Proceedings
of 1880.
1 In this improvement towers were built outside of the old brick walls at each
end, with suitable halls and stairways, furnishing double avenues of escape from
every floor. The need of this was made apparent on the occasion of an alarm from
an earthquake shock, on the 20th of October, 1870.
In 1880, the Hon. James Gibson in a historical address thus stated the statistics
of this experiment in free Academic education as follows:
There had been an average transfer each term of about eighty-four; the num-
ber of different scholars transferred had averaged ninety-four each year, making
for the twenty-seven years 2,538 pupils. The results were spoken of as in the
highest degree satisfactory, and most beneficial to the village, and to the cause of
education in the Academy.
91
722
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
WASHINGTON ACADEMY. (Warwick, Orange Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 25, 1811. This Academy
was never organized.
WASHINGTON COUNTY SEMINARY AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.
(See "Fort Edward Collegiate Institute.”)
WASHINGTON SEMINARY. (Claverack, Columbia Co.)
(See "Claverack Academy.")
1
WATERFORD ACADEMY. (Waterford, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by Legislature April 28, 1834. Admitted by Re-
gents February 6, 1839. Merged in the "Waterford Union School,
Academic Department,” which was admitted by the Regents June
2, 1871.
William T. Seymour, 1838.
Samuel R. House, 1839-40.
Principals.
William G. Lloyd, 1841-47.
WATERFORD UNION SCHOOL. (Waterford, Saratoga Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.2 Admitted by Re-
gents June 2, 1871.
Andrew J. Robb, 1871-74.
Principals.
E. E. Ashley, 1875
WATERFORD FEMALE ACADEMY. (Waterford, Saratoga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 19, 1819.³
Mrs. Emma Willard, 1819-21.
Preceptress.
WATERLOO ACADEMY. (Waterloo, Seneca Co.)
4
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1835. Merged in the
"Waterloo Union School, Academic Department," October 12,
1855.
Edward Cooper, 1842-44.
Principals.
William T. Gibson. 1845-46.
WATERLOO UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Waterloo,
Seneca Co.)
Organized under special act of April 10, 1855.5 Incorporated by
the Regents October 11, 1855.
1 Chap. 198, Laws of 1834.
4
2 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
3
Chap. 52, Laws of 1819.
་.
Chap. 203, Laws of 1835. See Lord's "Life of Emma Willard, pp. 85-94
Mrs. Willard had previously taught with much success in Middlebury, Vt.. and
removed from this place to Troy, in the spring of 1821.
5 Chap. 238, Laws of 1855.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
723
D Wallis Blanchard, 1856.
Geo. D. Reynolds, 1857-58.
Edward R. Adams, 1859.
Benj. F. Lee, A. B., 1860-62.
George J. North, 1863.
Principals.
P. V. N. Bodine, 1864-66
James S. Boughton, 1867-75.
Charles K. Hoyt, 1876-77
James S. Boughton, 1878-
WATERTOWN ACADEMY. (Watertown, Jefferson Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 2, 1835.
Not admitted by
the Regents, but an Academic school was taught from September
19, 1832, by Mr. La Rue P. Thompson. He was succeeded by
Samuel Belding and Joseph Mullin. The establishment of the
"Black River Literary and Religious Institute," upon another site.
in Watertown village, drew off the patronage, and for many years
the building lay unoccupied. It now belongs to the "Jefferson
County Orphan Asylum Society." The act of 1835 was repealed
Feb. 19, 1841.ª
WATERTOWN HIGH SCHOOL. (Watertown, Jefferson Co.)
4
In 18363 the "Black River Literary and Religious Institute"
was incorporated under the joint auspices of the Presbyterians and
Congregationalists, each assuming one-half of the expense. It was
at once organized, but was not admitted by the Regents until Feb-
ruary 28, 1842. Name changed to the "Jefferson County Institute,”
May 12, 1846.5 The act was amended with respect to number of
Trustees, etc., March 15, 1849.6 Succeeded by the" Watertown High
School," organized under the special act of April 21, 1865,7 and ad-
mitted by the Regents January 12, 1866. The High School was
established upon the premises of the institution above mentioned.
Principals.
Rev. James A. Boyd, A. M., 1836-49.
D. M. Linsley, A. M., 1849-51.
Rev. Alvan Parmelee, A. M., 1852-56.
Rev. John Sessions, A. M., 1957-58.
Michael P. Cavert, A. M., 1859-61.
Rev. George Kerr, LL. D., 1863-65.
WATKINS ACADEMY.
Wm. Reed, Jr, 1866.
M. M. Morrill, 1867-68.
E. P. Nichols, 1869.
Hamilton Smith, A. M., LL. D. 1870-74.
Wm. K. Wicks, A. M., 1875—
(Watkins, Schuyler Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 13, 1860,
Founded upon a bequest made in the will of Anne Freer, who desig
2 Chap 33, Laws of 1841.
peal of charter, Senate Doc
4
1 ¹ Chap 203, Laws of 1835.
Report of a Senate committee upon the bill for re-
20, 1841
3 Chap. 411, Laws of 1836, passed May 25.
A copy of the report of a joint committee upon which this agreement was
based will be found in Hough's Inst. of Jefferson Co., p. 380
5 Chap 262, Laws of 1846.
Chap. 101, Laws of 1849
'Chap. 520, Laws of 1865.
724
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
nated the first Trustees. Charter made perpetual January 9, 1862.
Merged in the "Watkins Union School, Academic Department."
Principals.
A. C. Huff, A. M., 1861-67.
J. M. Wadhams, 1868.
Edward W. Abbey, 1869.
J. L. Mack, 1870-74.
Samuel S. Johnson, 1875—- -
WATERVILLE UNION SCHOOL. (Waterville, Oneida Co.)
Organized under general act of June 18, 1853.1 Admitted by
Regents April 21, 1874.
Geo. R. Cutting, A. M., 1874-
Principal.
WATSON AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE. (Clyde, Wayne Co.)
Joseph Watson and others were incorporated April 9, 1851,² for
the purpose of establishing a seminary of learning at Clyde. Shares,
$50, and no one to own more than five shares at a time. Plans not
perfected.
WAVERLY INSTITUTE. (Waverly, Tioga Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents January 21, 1858.
Charter made absolute January 13, 1859. Merged in the " Waverly
Institute, Academic Department."
Principals.
Andrew J. Lang, A. M., 1858-70.
Paul Roulet, 1871.
S. C. Hall, 1872.
WAVERLY HIGH SCHOOL. (Waverly, Tioga Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864.³ Adınitted by
Regents January 11, 1872.
S. C. Hall, 1873.
Principals.
Henry H. Hutton, 1874-
WAYNE COUNTY COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Newark, Wayne Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents July 6, 1855. Name changed to
"Wayne and Ontario Collegiate Institute," January 13, 1860.
WAYNE AND ONTARIO COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Newark, Wayne Co.)
¿
Incorporated by the Regents January 13, 1860. Changed from
"Wayne County Collegiate Institute." A report received in Jan-
uary, 1871, showed that further progress had been made in the con-
struction of the Academic building which was then nearly completed.
'Chap. 433, Laws of 1853.
2 Chap 105, Laws of 1851.
3 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
725
WEBSTER ACADEMY. (Webster, Monroe Co.)
Incorporated provisionally by the Regents April 17, 1850. Char-
ter declared absolute January 14, 1858. Building burned, and the
site relinquished to the Union School District.
Rev. S. F. Holt, A. M., 1857.
B. S. Potter, 1858.
H. H. Cheesebrough, 1859.
Charles H. Dunn, 1860-62.
Henry Vosburgh, 1863.
H. O. Abbott, 1864.
H. L. Ward, A. M., 1865.
Principals.
Henry C. Robinson, A. B., 1866.
Eugene Cheeseman, 1867-68.
Miss Almira Manley, 1869.
J. Leonard Waugh, 1870.
Miss Almira Manley,
Erastus F. Maine, 1871-75.
George S. Billings, 1876.
WEEDSPORT ACADEMY. (Weedsport, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 18, 1838.
WEEDSPORT UNION SCHOOL.
Merged in the
Organized under special act of April 14, 1858,2 which vested cer-
tain corporate powers in a Board of Education, in District No. 8, of
the town of Brutus.
Albert W. Morehouse, A. M., 1873-76.
William H. Bradford, 1877-79.
Principals.
WELLS SEMINARY.
D. D. Van Allen, A. B., 1880-81.
Lazell R. Hopkins, A. B., 1882-
(Aurora, Cayuga Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature March 28, 1868,3 under the pat-
ronage of Henry Wells, of Aurora. Changed to "Wells College"
by the Regents March 29, 1870. This change of name made no
difference in its powers, as it was practically a college from the first.
WELLSVILLE UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Wellsville,
Allegany Co.)
Admitted by the Regents August 7, 1883.
WESLEYAN SEMINARY. (New York City.)
4
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1819, for the purpose
of establishing a seminary for both sexes in the city of New York,
under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
WESTCHESTER UNION SCHOOL No. 1, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
(Westchester, Westchester Co.)
Admitted by the Regents July 11, 1877.
J. E. Young, 1878-79.
J. A. Reinhart, Ph. D., A. M., 1881.
1 Chap. 326, Laws of 1838.
2 Chap. 212, Laws of 1858.
Principals.
1882-.
M. E. Devlin, A. M., 1882-
3 Chap 72, Laws of 1868.
4 Chap. 198, Laws of 1819.
726
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
WESTCHESTER UNION SCHOOL No. 3, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
(Westchester, Westchester Co.)
Admitted by the Regents March 20, 1878.
Principals.
J. A. Reinhart, M. A., Ph. B., 1878-80.
Wm. S. Hall, M. A., 1881
WESTFIELD ACADEMY. (Westfield, Chautauqua Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 5, 1837.¹ Merged in the
“Westfield Union School, Academic Department."
John M. Keep, 1838.
Lorenzo Parsons, 1839-40.
Alexander Montgomery, 1841-44.
J E. Pillsbury, A. B., 1845-50.
E. W. Johnson, A. B., 1851-52.
John C. Donaldson, A. B., 1853-56.
Theodore Baird, A. B, 1857-58.
S. Gerard Nye, 1859.
Charles H. Brown, 1860.
Principals.
WEST HEBRON CLASSICAL SCHOOL.
John C. Long, 1861-66.
Charles E. Lane A. B., 1867.
Abram Brown, A. B., 1868..
G. A. Mueller, 1869.
John Fosdick, 1870-73.
Henry A Balcom, LL. B., Ph. D., 1879-80.
S. J. Somberger, Ph. M, 1882.
Lewellin M. Glidden, A. M., 1883.
(West Hebron, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 23, 1855. Merged in the
"West Hebron Union School, Academic Department," in the fall
of 1858. Changed from the preceding in the fall of 1858.
WEST HEBRON UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.
Andrew J. Qua, 1870-72.
John C. Gray, 1873-74.
C. D Henry, 1875.
M. J. Oatman, 1876.
Curtis C. Grove, 1877.
Hebron, Washington Co.)
Principals.
WESTTOWN ACADEMY.
C. D. Reid, 1878.
James O. Partridge, 1879-81.
J. F. Barker, 1882.
Thomas J. Spier, 1883
(Westtown, Orange Co.)
(West
Incorporated by the Legislature April 18, 1839.2 Admitted by
Regents January 30, 1840.
Stephen D. Bross, 1839-40.
Lucien Roys, 1841-42.
Principals.
Gideon Bingham, 1843-44.
Abijah M. Calkın, 1845-47.
WESTPORT UNION SCHOOL. (Westport, Essex Co.)
Organized under general law of May 2, 1864.³ Admitted by
Regents January 10, 1867.
L. B. Newell, 1870-74.
Curtis C. Grove, A. M., 1875-79.
Principals.
Thomas A. Wassan, 1881-2.
Edward C. Lane, 1883-
Edward H. Baxter, A. B., 1880.
1
Chap. 337, Laws of 1837. Acts of relief were passed February 22, 1838 (chap.
44), April 5, 1847 (chap. 53), and May 12, 1847 (chap. 275). A description of the
Westfield Academy, with engravings, is given in Regents Report of 1870, p. 487.
2 Chap. 191, Laws of 1839.
Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
727
WEST WINFIELD ACADEMY. (West Winfield, Herkimer Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864. Incorporated by
the Regents January 10, 1867. Merged in the "West Winfield
Union School, Academic Department." Admitted by the Regents
July 8, 1884.
Le Roy Bliss, A. B., 1851-52
William W. Bass, A. B, 1853.
Ephraim R. Aiken, M. D., 1854.55
E. O. Hovey, A. B., 1856-57.
D. M. Haggart, 1858.
E. O. Hovey, Ą. M., 1859-64
D. P. Blackstone, A. M., 1865-69.
Principals.
A. K. Goodyear, A. B., 1870-75.
T. H. Roberts, A. M., 1876-78.
Seward D. Allen, A. B., and James B. Mc-
Giffert, A. B., 1879.
1
Sarah D. Allen, A. B., 1880.
Leigh R. Hunt, M. A., 1881-
WHITEHALL ACADEMY. (Whitehall, Washington Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 20, 1839.¹ Whitehall
Academy incorporated by the Regents February 14, 1851. Merged
in the "Whitehall Union School, Academic Department." Ad-
mitted by the Regents June 10, 1873.
E. M. Maynard, 1848-49.
Worden Reynolds, A. M., 1850-51.
William W. Paddock, A. B., 1852.
Worden Reynolds, A. M., 1853-55.
G. H. Graves, A. M., 1856-57.
Principals.
Samuel E. Floyd, A. B., 1858.
Henry R. Lovell, A. B., 1859.
Charles R. Ballard, A. M., 1860-66.
Ebenezer Butler, 1874-82.
A. G. Miller, 1883-
WHITE PLAINS ACADEMY. (White Plains, Westchester Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 19, 1828.2 Admitted by
Regents January 26, 1830. Authorized to sell property to pay debts,
July 9, 1851.3 The sale and conveyance of Academy and lot to
Bartholomew Gedney and John Mead confirmed March 6, 1857.*
4
WHITESBORO' ACADEMY. (Whitesboro', Oneida Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 23, 1813. The Trustees
were allowed April 18, 1826, to transfer their property to the
"Scientific and Military Academy of the Western District."
Ebenezer Thompson, 1817.
Pelatiah Rawson, 1818.24.
Curtis C. Baldwin, 1825.
Harvey Blodgett, A. B., 1830-31.
Arminta P. Rice, 1833.
Nehemiah H Lozey, 1835.
A. W. Henderson, 1836-41.
Principals.
Salmon Strong, 1842.
F. F. Andrews, 1843-45.
James Morton, 1846.
N. C. White, 1847.
Mary G. Miller, 1848.
James Smith, A. B., 1849.
WHITESTOWN SEMINARY. (Whitesboro', Oneida Co.)
A Free-will Baptist institution for both sexes, previously located
at Clinton, and there known as "Clinton Seminary." Removed to
1
¹ Chap. 203, Laws of 1839.
⁹ Chap. 289, Laws of 1828.
3 Chap 412, Laws of 1851.
Chap. 72, Laws of 1857.
728
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Whitesboro' in 1844, and located upon the premises previously oc-
cupied by the "Oneida Institute of Science and Industry," which
had been sold for debt. Incorporated by the Regents March 27,
1-45. At first it had a Biblical Department, with Rev. Moses M.
Smart, A. M., and Rev. J. J. Butler, D. D., as instructors; but this
was soon after removed to Lewiston, Maine, and merged in Bates
College. Professor Smart is now connected with the Seminary, as
teacher of Greek and Hebrew.
The premises were greatly enlarged after the removal; from a
single wooden structure to four large buildings, two as domiciles,
one a boarding hall, with music and ladies' society rooms, and one a
large brick building called "Walcott Hall," used for recitations,
office, society rooms and other uses. In 1882, the premises were
sold on a mortgage, but measures are in progress for recovering the
property for the Seminary, and for its proper endowment.¹
John Fullerton, 1845.
Daniel F. Heffron, 1846.
Samuel Farnham, A. B., 1846-52.
Principals.
James S. Gardner, A. M., Ph. D., 1853-80.
M. Earl Dunham, D. D., Ph. D., 1881—
WHITNEY'S POINT UNION SCHOOL, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. (Whit-
ney's Point, Broome Co.)
Organized under general law of May 2, 1864.2 Admitted by
Regents January 9, 1868.
David Carver, 1867-68.
E. C. Beach, A. M., 1869.
Rev. F. D. Blakeslee, 1870.
T. H. Roberts, 1871.
C. N. Cunningham, 1874-77.
Principals.
'During the first few years of its
R. S. Thatcher, 1878.
Henry H. Maxson, A. B., 1879.
Israel T. Deyo, A. B., 1880.
Clark Mills Brink, A. B., 1881.
William F. Strasmer, 1882.
operation the Whitestown Seminary was
very flourishing. The attendance rose from 173 in 1844, to 317 in 1854, 565 in
1864, and in 1869 it was 522. More than 10,000 young men and women have re-
ceived instruction in this institution.
Owing to a debt incurred in the erection of Walcott Hall, and other causes, the
Seminary became embarrassed. A receiver was appointed, and the entire prop-
erty sold about two years ago.
Mr. Ellis Ellis, of New Hartford, bid it in at a
nominal sum, subject to a mortgage of $15,000, for the purpose of saving it as an
educational institution.
A project has been undertaken for the formation of a stock company, with
shares at $20, each share giving its owner the right of one vote. Of this stock,
Mr. William D. Walcott has taken $10,000. It is proposed to raise $25,000, and
hopes are entertained of realizing this amount, which will enable the Seminary
to go forward with renewed life.
In 1857, an act was passed allowing the Seminary to sell, change its name, and
locate elsewhere in Oneida county, whenever two thirds of the Board of Trustees
should consent, but nothing was accomplished under this act.
2 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
729
WILLIAMSVILLE ACADEMY. (Williamsville, Erie Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 27, 1845. Merged in the
"Williamsville Union School, Academic Department." The pro-
ceedings and title in School District No. 3, of town of Amherst,
confirmed May 28, 1875.¹
L. F Bittle, 1868.
Principals.
L. R. Gault, 1869.
WILSON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. (Wilson, Niagara Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 10, 1867. Merged in the
"Wilson Union School, Academic Department."
Benjamin Wilson, A. M., 1846-49.
Benjamin Wilcox, Jr., A. M., 1850-56.
Dan. H. Calkins, 1857.
R. Baldwin, A. B., 1858-60.
Charles Kelsey, A. M., 1861-64.
R. S. Binghami, A. M., 1865.
Asher B. Evans, A. M., 1866.
M. Davidson, A. M., 1867.
H. George Miller, A. B., 1868.
Principals.
John McLeod, 1869-70.
Stephen C. Hall, A. B, 1871.
F. A. Greene, A. M., 1872-75.
Thomas Greene, A. M., 1876.
A. Melvin Couper, B. A., 1877.
Sheldon J. Pardee, 1878.
A. H. Burdick, 1879.
Sheldon J. Pardee, M. S., 1881-82.
A. Hall Burdick, 1883-
WINDSOR ACADEMY. (Windsor, Broome Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature May 15, 1837.2 Not organized
under this act.
WINDSOR ACADEMY. (Windsor, Broome Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents March 15, 1848. Merged in the
"Windsor Union School, Academic Department."
Rev. A. Craig, A. M., 1849.
Rev. Henry Osborn, A. M., 1850.
James A. Robinson, A. B., 1851.
Albert S. Wheeler, A. B, 1852.
Rev. Adam Craig, A. M., 1853.
Rev. Henry Rinkers, A M., 1854-56.
Rev. Jos. B. Eastman, A. M., 1857-64.
M. E. Eastman, 1865.
Charles W. Gray, 1866.
Nelson Wilbur, 1867.
T. B. Barclay, A. B., 1868.
Principals.
WOODHULL ACADEMY.
E. Payson Fausher, 1870.
G. H. Vosburg, 1871.
Hiram L. Ward, A. M.. 1871.
A. W. Cooper, 1872.
E. R. Hall, 1873-74.
R. L. Thatcher, A. M., 1875-77
Frank V. Mills, 1878.
Henry W. Callahan, 1879.
Frank A. Willard, A. B., 1881.
Hambly P. Orchard, 1882.
J. D. Bigelow, A. M., 1883
(Woodhull, Steuben Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents January 9, 1868. Town allowed to
borrow $4,000 for additional buildings for Woodhull Academy April
16, 1869.3 Merged in the " Woodhull Union School, Academic De-
partment," which was admitted by the Regents April 11, 1879.
Chap. 448, Laws of 1875.
Chap. 447, Laws of 1837.
3 Chap. 226, Laws of 1869.
92
730
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Daniel H. Cobb, 1868-72.
M. M. Baldwin, A. M., 1873.
D. H. Cobb, 1874-77.
Principals.
E. L. Moxon, A. M., 1878–82.
H. G. Van Norman, 1883.
WYOMANOCK FEMALE SEMINARY. (New Lebanon, Columbia Co.)
Incorporated by the Legislature April 13, 1865.¹ Act amended
with respect to the removal and filling of vacancies in the office of
Trustees March 30, 1866.2 This seminary building was burned in
January, 1868, and not afterward rebuilt,
YATES ACADEMY. (Yates, Ontario Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents August 23, 1842.
Principals.
Rev. William B. Bunnell, A. M., 1849-52.
Charles Fairman, A. M., 1853-63.
C. B. Parsons, 1864-66.
F. A. Greene, i867.
Buer Lewis, 1868.
E. A. Tuttle, 1869.
F. A. Greene, 1870-71.
C. C. Barrett, 1873.
D. N. Burke, A. B., 1874.
Philo Mosher, A. B., 1875.
D. N. Burke, A. M., 1876-77.
Magness Smith, A. B., 1878.
F. A. Hamlin, 1879.
Lloyd Crosset, 1882.
L. R. Holroyd, 1872.
YATES COUNTY ACADEMY AND FEMALE SEMINARY. (Penn Yan,
Yates Co.).
Incorporated by Legislature April 17, 1828.3 Adınitted by Re-
gents January 25, 1830. This Academy was opened in January,
1829, in a building erected by Elijah Holcomb for a hotel, and had
a boarding-house attached, with rooms for about forty students.
Under Mr. Gookins' management of four or five years, this institu-
tion was largely patronized by advanced students from all parts of
the country. In 1834 there were 202 male and 139 female students,
and in 1835 the numbers were 185 and 130. A primary depart-
ment was dropped after the first year, and school was closed about
1848. The final effort was made by Richard Taylor and Joseph
Bloomingdale.
Gardner Kellogg, 1829-30.
Daniel B. Wakefield, 1831.
Seymour Gookins, 1833-36.
Benjamin Wilcox, Jr, 1842-45.
1 Chap 394, Laws of 1865.
Principals.
William F. Bascom, 1846.
Andrew G. Riley, 1847.
William B. Bunnell, 1848.
2 Chap. 235, Laws of 1866.
Chap. 235, Laws of 1828.
ACADEMIES OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
731
YATES POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.¹ (Chittenango, Madison Co.)
Incorporated by the Regents April 11, 1853.
Principals (after incorporation by the Regents).
Wm. Velaskow, A. M., 1854-61.
Rev. J. N. Powell, A. M., 1862-64.
Wm. Velaskow, A. M., 1865-66.
A. L. Porter, 1867-68.
James W. Hall, A. B., 1869.
1 Mr. John B. Yates, about the fall of 1825, begun an enterprise in pursuance
of a design he had entertained for a long time before, of founding an institution
of learning in connection with practical instruction and employment in many of
the pursuits of active life. It was one of the earliest of the "Manual Labor
Schools" about which much was written and quite a number of experiments begun
at a somewhat later period. He arranged with Professor Andrew Yates of Union
College, that the latter should leave his position in the College, and unite with
him in a plan for the establishment of an institution, of which the Professor was
to have charge, and which he was to sustain with funds.
A large building was purchased, which had been built for a tavern, and several
new ones were erected. At the beginning, the whole property in and about the
present village of Chittenango was placed under the care of Dr. Yates, and Mr.
Ely, a young man, a scientific and practical farmer, was procured and appointed
Professor of Agriculture.
The school was organized as follows:
Rev. Andrew Yates, D. D., Principal.
Rev. David A. Sherman, A M., Professor of Philology and the Ancient Lan
guages.
Benjamin F. Joslin, M. D., Professor of Natural Sciences.
Jonathan Ely, A. M., Professor of Practical Agriculture and the Natural Sci.
ences.
Stephen Alexander, A. M., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics.
Not long after, Dr. Joslin was appointed a Professor in Union College, and Wm.
M. Herbert, M. D., was appointed, but soon died. Financial losses in other business
compelled Mr Yates to limit his efforts to the maintenance of a Literary Depart-
ment, in which Mr. Ely was employed in teaching the natural sciences alone.
The agricultural operations gave employment to a few students, who were de-
sirous of supporting themselves by labor.
The institution was run for a time as an Academy by Dr. Yates and his assistants,
but did not pay expenses.
At the beginning of 1830. Mr. John B. Yates memorialized the Legislature for a
loan,* pledging the property as security. There were at the time upon the premi
ses, a woolen cloth factory, a flouring mill, hydraulic cement and gypsum mill,
tannery, smith's shop with tilt hammer, machinery and carriage shop, an oil mill,
two saw-mills and other machinery. A mile below, at the termination of a branch
canal, and adjoining the Erie canal, were dry docks and a basin for the repairing
of boats. "In all which pursuits, young persons attached to the institution may
be employed." A plat of 300 acres had been laid out for a village on the canal,
and the remainder of the tract, about 1,100 acres, he proposed to lay out into small
farms of 50 acres each, with a house and a barn upon each, to be rented for the
benefit of the institution at will, so as not to be annoyed by undesirable tenants.
Each tenant was to receive and employ a laboring student, or more if required,
* Senate Doc.. 39. 1830,
732
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1
YATES UNION SCHOOL. (Chittenango, Madison Co.)
Organized under general act of May 2, 1864. Admitted by the
Regents January 9, 1868. Formerly the " Yates Polytechnic In-
stitute."
Anthony Magoris, 1876.
J. H. Kelley, 1877.
Principals.
F. R. Moore, A. M., 1878.
Philo Henry Edick, A. M., 1882-
and have the privilege of educating his own children. The same provision was
to be made with respect to the letting of the buildings for manufacturing and me-
chanical pursuits. Other stipulations were made, ending with a pledge that the
lots of 50 by 200 feet should not be sold for less than $500 apiece, nor rented at
less than $25 a year.
On the 10th of February, 1830, the Senate committee reported in detail,* re-
viewing the plan of the "Polytechny" (as the institution was to be called) in
terms of approbation, and presenting in detail an inventory of the property offered
as security. In this report the plans proposed were stated with more detail.
There were to be five general departments :
1. A President to have a general directory supervision over the whole.
2. A Principal in the Scientific Department, wich the requisite Professors and
Tutors.
3. An Agricultural Superintendent, to direct and control the system of farm-
ing for each farm, and to keep an accurate account of the mode of culture, ex-
penditure and product.
4. A Superintendent of the manufacturing operations, who is also to keep a
particular account of labor and stock, and also to keep an account of and report
the result of each new experiment in the operations; and
5. A Superintendent of the mechanical operations, and under his directions to
have made whatever might be required.
The commercial transactions, in buying, selling and accounting, were to give
employment to a number of persons, who would thus become familiar with busi
ness accounts.
As to the probable utility of the experiment, the committee were united, and
there could be but one opinion, that of unqualified praise.
As to the complete pecuniary indemnity offered, they were unwilling to express
an opinion. The amount required would be $200,000, of which $160,000 were to
pay debts, and $40,000 to erect new buildings. But they could count up $15,000
a year from incomes, and after using $2,000 for insurance and repairs, this would
leave $5,000 per annum more than would pay the interest of the loan
The committee left the subject for the consideration of the Senate, with the
draft of a bill, but without particular recommendation, and there the matter
ended.
We have given somewhat in detail the outlines of this plan, because it repre-
sents a theory that had plausibility in it, although but a feeble conception of what
has since been attained in other countries, and to some extent in our own, in the
way of industrial education; not in the more general instruction of an academic
school, in connection with elementary teaching, but in the thorough and special
application of principles first acquired in the school-room, and afterward illus-
trated in the practical work of the shop, the laboratory or the field.
1 Chap. 555, Laws of 1864.
* Senate Doc. 121, 1830.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
733
CHAPTER XXVIII.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY 1
By HENRY A. HOMES, LL. D., Librarian.
The New York State Library was first established at the Capitol
by an act of the Legislature, passed in 1818,2 which declared that its
object was to found "a Public Library for the use of the Govern-
ment and the people of the State." The most noticeable of the
causes leading to its establishment were the introduction of a system,
first proposed by Massachusetts in the year 1811, of exchanges be-
tween the States of the Union of their session laws, and the passage
of a law by Congress ordering that one copy of the Laws and the
Journals and Documents of Congress should be distributed to each
of the States. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, the Chancellor
of the Court of Chancery (now abolished), and the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court, were constituted a Board of Trustees for the
new Library; and a few years afterward the Secretary of State, the
Attorney-General and the Comptroller were added to their number.3
The first appropriation of money for the support of the Library
was a sum of $3,000 for the immediate purchase of books, and of
$500 as an annual provision for the same purpose. A Librarian was
appointed, with an annual salary of $300; but, for fifteen years
from its organization, the Library was only open during the sessions
of the Legislature and the Courts, and both Departments of the
Library were in the same hall. The first report, made in the year
1819, showed the existence of a Library with six hundred volumes,
of which two hundred and fifty were law books, and there were
eleven maps.
The first Catalogue of the Library, published in 1820, contained
brief titles of seven hundred and fifty-eight volumes. The income
of the Library, after the year 1825, was $1,300 a year, $300 of which
were derived from a fund of the Court of Chancery. From the
year 1826, annual reports regarding its condition have been addressed
1
Reprinted with amendments, from the “Public Service of the State of New
York," by the permission of the publishers.
2 Chap 41, Laws of 1818.
· April 12, 1824. Chap. 239, Laws of 1824. Under this act the Governor, Lieu-
tenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General and Comptrolier were
made ex-officio Trustees of the State Library.
734
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
to the Legislature. During the early years of the existence of the
Library, the Trustees devoted their attention principally to the pur-
chase of works on Law, frequently in their reports referring to their ·
inability, with the means at their disposal, to purchase historical and
scientific works.
With the gradual increase of the Library, it became evident that
it needed a steadier supervision than could be given to it by a Board
constantly changing its members, and it was decided to transfer the
care of it to a more permanent body. The Legislature enacted, May
4, 1844, that thenceforth the Board of Regents of the University of
the State of New York should be Trustees of the Library, and they
formally assumed the trust in the same month. They found that
three hundred volumes of this small collection were missing; the
whole number of volumes being estimated at ten thousand.
A catalogue of the Library was published in 1846, embracing also
the Warden Collection of two thousand two hundred volumes; and
in the year 1850 another catalogue appeared, of over a thousand pages,
of all the books in both departments. In 1855 and 1856 a catalogue
was published in four volumes, embracing all the departments, and
covering eighteen hundred octavo pages. It contained a catalogue:
1. Of the General Library, of nine hundred and eighty-seven
pages.
2. Of the Law Library, of four hundred and two pages.
3. Of Maps, Manuscripts, Engravings and Coins, of two hundred
and seventy pages.
4. Of books on Bibliography and Typography, of one hundred
and forty-three pages.
Five years after, in 1861, this catalogue was followed by a supple-
ment to the General Department of the titles of the books added to
it in the preceding five years, of one thousand and eighty four pages;
and in 1865 by a supplement to the Law Library, of one hundred
and eighty pages. In 1872 a Subject-Index of the General Depart-
ment was printed in an octavo volume, of six hundred and fifty
pages, containing, under topical headings in dictionary form, abbre-
viated titles of all the works in the previously published catalogues,
and of all the books added since the publication of the last catalogue
of 1861. In 1882 a supplement Subject-Index of four hundred
pages followed of the additions of the past ten years, and also of the
principal subjects treated of in most of the collections of the Ameri-
can Historical Societies, containing, besides, thousands of references
to subjects buried under some general title of works which were in
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
735
the Library previous to 1872. These subject-indexes are intended
to be a substitute for the expensive full title alphabetical catalogues
by authors' names. A similar Subject-Index was published in 1883,
of the elementary works and reports in the Law Library, much more
elaborate than previous indexes of that departinent.
The annual appropriation for the purchase of books for the Li-
brary has been gradually increased from the small sum of $500,
until, at the present time, it amounts to $5,000 a year. At various
times during the last fifty years, the Legislature has also made extra
and specific appropriations, for the purpose of purchasing books or
manuscripts so costly, that it was not deemed expedient that they
should be purchased with the money of the annual appropriation.
Of the annual appropriation of from $2,500 to $4,000 for the pur-
chase of books from 1850 to 1880, it is estimated that one year with
another $1,000 has been used for purchases in the Law Department,
and the remainder for purchases in all the other branches of human
knowledge.
The character of the Library results, for the most part, from the
special aims pursued by the Trustees in developing it. Their earliest
purchases were largely for the Law Department, which was regarded
as of the most practical importance, and they have continued to the
present time to purchase all the works essential for it, for the use of
the members of the Courts meeting at the Capitol. A Select Com-
mittee of the Trustees, in 1879, reports as the result, that the Law
Department" is believed to be nearly, if not quite complete in its
collection of Law Reports of the Federal Courts of the United
States, of the highest Courts of the several States and of Great
Britain, as well as of the Statutes of the several States." It aims
also to contain, the committee says, "all really standard elementary
works touching all departments of Municipal Law within Great Brit-
ain and the United States, together with a reasonable supply of all
Digests, Books of Practice and Hand-books of like character," the
leading authorities upon subjects of International and Ecclesiastical
Law, and the Laws of the modern Continental Nations. Medical
Jurisprudence has been largely provided for from the library of Dr.
T. R. Beck, who was for fifteen years Secretary of the Board of Re.
gents of the University, devoted to the interests of the Library, and
author of a great work on the subject. The collection of the Statute
Law and State Papers of Great Britain, Canada, and the United
States, embraces upward of twelve thousand volumes. It also has
been the custom to preserve in the Law Department the Journals
736
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
and Documents of Congress and the States of the Union, as complete
as they can be obtained from the beginning, with the Journals and
Sessional Papers of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Par-
liaments of her Colonies, especially of Canada. Of the Sessional
Papers of the British Parliament there are on the shelves one thou-
sand and three hundred folio volumes, from the years 1803 to 1832,
1844 to 1851, and from 1869 to the present time. The American
State Papers number eight thousand volumes.
As regards the character of the remainder of the Library, the
Trustees, before and since the Regents of the University took charge
of it, have always aimed, as is manifest from their frequent declara-
tions in their annual reports, to enlarge it with works pertaining to
American History, to Political and Social Economy, to Statistics, and
to topics of Legislation. The first year of service of the present
Board of Trustees was inaugurated by the receipt of the second col-
lection of books on American History, made by David B. Warden,
amounting to two thousand two hundred volumes. It had been pur-
chased by the Legislature at their request by an appropriation of
$4,000. The Trustees, in the report of the Select Committee of
1879, express their opinion of the importance of continuing to de-
velop the Library principally in these directions, in the following
language: "Whatever pertains to the Science of Government, in its
broadest sense, has a special place in a Library designed for the aid
of those who are to administer the Government. And in a State
Library, whatever illustrates the history, character, resources and de-
velopment of the State, past, present and future, should be the sub-
ject of collection and preservation." "To make the Library ency-
clopedic or universal is simply out of the question." No appropria-
tion, they say, likely to be obtained from the Legislature, would
suffice the expenditure for the purchase of books and the maintain-
ing of the Library.
The result of building up a Library with such purposes is, that at
the present day it is one of the most extensive and best supplied with
works on American History in the country; and with the direction
given to the aims of the Library Committee by the decision of the
Trustees, it is likely to become proportionately stronger in the fu-
ture than in the past, in books tending to illustrate the History of
this State, of the Nation, and of the New World. Its present rela-
tive completeness may be inferred from its condition in one branch
of research. Of the two hundred and sixty one volumes quoted by
Durrie in his "Index to American Genealogies, contained in Town
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
737
Histories," the State Library contains two hundred and fifty-eight.
As an important pendant to American history, the Library is liberally
supplied with works on the History of Great Britain and Ireland,
and the History of Europe generally.
The State appropriated, for a considerable number of years, from
$400 to $600 a year for the purpose of carrying out M. Vattemare's
system of an international exchange with foreign States of the vol-
umes of laws, journals, documents, historical and scientific publica-
tions printed by the State of New York. The appropriation ceased
to be made soon after the death of M. Vattemare, in 1864. Many
thousands of volumes of State Papers and miscellaneous works were
added to the Library by this method, chiefly in foreign languages.
It did not tend, in any great degree, to build up the Library in the
direction intended to be given to it by the Trustees. Besides the in
crease of the Library by exchanges with the States of the Union and
Canada, amounting to about four hundred volumes a year, nearly an
equal number are received by exchange and donation from other
sources, societies and individuals in this country and in Europe. The
two largest collections of books given to the Library since its founda-
tion are the publications of the Commissioner of British Patents,
amounting at the present time to more than three thousand volumes;
and the Library of the Hon. Harmanus Bleecker, of Albany, of
about two thousand volumes. The Library now contains over one
hundred and twenty-four thousand volumes, including those in the
Law Department, which number about thirty-six thousand.
The annual increase of the Library for the last twenty years has
been nearly three thousand volumes a year, on an average. Proba-
bly with the removal of the books before long to a new home, the
sight of the empty shelves will impress a feeling of the need of
larger appropriation.
The character of the Library may be indicated, in a manner to
interest many minds, by the mention of some of the more remark-
able treasures collected in it. There may be enumerated in its de-
partment of Manuscripts:
1. Twenty-eight folio volumes of the papers of Sir William
Johnson, from 1733 to 1774, with a Calendar and a subject-index of
seventy thousand references.
2. The Papers of Governor George Clinton, from 1763 to 1800,
in thirty-four volumes folio, which the Hon. George W. Clinton is
now engaged in indexing and annotating.
93
738
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
3. A volume containing autograph letters or documents from all
of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
4. The Papers from the traitor Arnold, found upon Major John
André at the time he was captured, in 1780.
5. Memorials to the number of sixteen, of George Washington,
among them being a Survey of Land made by him as County Sur-
veyor, when but seventeen years old, in 1749; his Surveying In-
struments, Watch-seals and Chain, his Inauguration Sword and the
first draught of the Farewell Address May, 1796.
6. The grant on parchment from Charles II, in 1664, to his
brother James, Duke of York and Albany, of the territory embrac-
ing New York.
7. The Emancipation Proclamation of September, 1862, in the
handwriting of Abraham Lincoln.
8. Eight boxes, containing from thirty to forty thousand papers.
called the "Stevens Vermont Manuscripts," as yet unassorted and
unbound, referring to the early history of New England and New
York. After the transfer of the Library to the New Capitol, those
manuscript volumes in the offices of the Secretary of State that have
no longer more than a historical value are by a late law to be
deposited on the shelves of the State Library. They number several
hundred volumes. The State Library possesses also the returns of
the Marshals of the Census of the State for 1865 and 1875, con-
taining the names and ages of all the inhabitants of the State, and
bound in about one hundred and ten folio volumes for each series.
1
Among the printed books, those of interest, which may be men-
tioned, are: 1. As many as thirty-five volumes printed before the
year A. D. 1500, such as the works of Thomas Aquinas, printed
at Rome in 1470, in two volumes folio.
2. The publications of all the American Historical Societies.
3. Publications of Learned and Scientific Societies in America
and Great Britain, such as the American Academy, American
Philosophical Society, Antiquarian Society of London, Palæon-
tographical Society, Royal Society, Zoological Society.
4. Publications of private printing clubs and societies, such as the
Bradford, Camden, English Historical, Maitland, Ballad, Shakes-
peare, Percy, Spottiswoode, Hanserd Knollys and Woodrow.
5. Collections of eulogies on deceased Presidents: on Washing
ton, 150; on Harrison, 60; on Lincoln, 205; on Garfield, 373.
'This transfer has recently been made but the arrangement has not been per
fected.
F B. H.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
739
6. A collection of works on Bibliography and Typography, con-
sisting of more than two thousand volumes, one thousand of which
were bought from Mr. Joel Munsell by a special appropriation.
7. A nearly complete collection of all the Genealogies of Ameri-
can families that have been published to 1883.
8. There has been placed on the shelves lately a series of Gaine's
New York Register and Almanac, covering forty-four years, from
1756 to 1804, a remarkable set.
9. The Journals and Resolutions of the Netherlands from 1524
to 1797; the Secret Resolutions, from 1651 to 1795, in all two hun-
dred and sixty volumes folio, some of which are copies in manu-
script, on account of the scarcity of complete copies. These were
received from the Government of the Netherlands, and are in the
Law Department.
Without enumerating any more of the valuable collection of
books in the library, or pointing out exceptionally rare books, we
would advert to the portfolios of maps of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries, which are exceedingly valuable for the period
of the Revolutionary War. The Library possesses also several cases
filled with Coins and Medals, Paper Money of the Colonies and the
States, Paintings of Portraits of several of the Governors of the
State, and of other eminent citizens.
The Library, from its foundation in 1818, was kept in a room
occupying a portion of two stories of the old Capitol, on the north
side. In 1854 it was removed to an edifice especially constructed
for the purpose, west of the old Capitol, but connected with it by a
corridor of two stories. It was two stories high, one hundred and
fourteen feet long by forty-eight feet wide. Its principal façade was
on State street, constructed of red sandstone, like the old Capitol
as was that on the north end. The Law Department was on the
ground floor, and the general department on the second floor. The
upper hall was sufficiently high to admit of galleries on both sides,
with alcoves in them, as upon the main floor. At the time when this
edifice was constructed the Legislature prescribed very definite
limitations regarding its size, lest it should be made unnecessarily
large; yet not ten years elapsed before its shelves were full. Ample
space is designed for the Library in the new Capitol into apart
ments in which it has already been temporarily removed.
Under the Laws of the State, sustained by the rules adopted by
the Trustees, the Library is treated primarily as a Reference-Library.
The greater part of the books are such as do not leave the Capitol ;
740
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the exceptions for the remainder are, that the Heads of Depart-
ments, the Members of the Legislature, the Judges of the Court of
Appeals and of the Supreme Court, and the Trustees of the Library
may draw two books at a time for a limited period. The Trustees
agreeably to the provisions of the statutes, have declared that the
books which are always to be retained in the Library are, all the
books in the Law Library, all Dictionaries, Encyclopædias, Maps,
Engravings, and books valuable for their rarity or antiquity. Books
taken for use in the Courts must be returned on the same day that
they are taken out.
The Library is open through the year from nine o'clock in the
morning until five in the evening, except on holidays, and from the
fifth to the twentieth day of August, when it is closed for cleaning.
When the Legislature is in session the Library is open until six in
the evening. All persons visiting the General Department can ob-
tain books to read in the Library; but the Librarians are required
to use discrimination regarding the delivery of such books as they
may judge liable to be injured. Persons not under fifteen are al-
lowed to make researches, but in view of the aims of the Library
for reference by the Legislature, the officers of Government, and by
advanced and professional students, and on account of the small
staff of officers employed, the Trustees require the Librarians not to
deliver to visitors, for general and continuous reading, works of fic-
tion, light literature and publications of like character. The Law
Library has particularly been declared by the Legislature to have
been established for the use of the Government, the Courts and the
Bar, and is to be used not for text-books of study, but for reference
only.
[The Joint Rules of the Legislature require a Joint Committee,
consisting of three Senators and five members of Assembly, to be
appointed annually, to be called "The Joint Committee on the
State Library and Cabinet of Natural History."]
ORGANIZATION (1884).¹
The Library is in charge of a Standing Committee of the Trus-
The organization of the Library at the present date is as fol-
lows: Standing Committee on the State Library: Rev. Dr. Upson,
tees.
¹In the autumn of 1883, the Library was removed into the new Capitol, and
temporarily arranged - the General Library in a court-room, and the Law Library
in a corridor. Permanent rooms will be assigned upon the west side of the
building when completed. The Library building of 1854 was demolished in 1883.
NEW YORK STATE LIBRARY.
741
Chairman, the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, the Governor, Re-
gents Brevoort, Curtis, Fitch, Reid and McKelway. Secretary of
the Trustees: David Murray. Library Staff: Henry A. Homes,
Librarian of the General Library; Stephen B. Griswold, Librarian
of the Law Library. Assistants: George R. Howell, D. V. R.
Johnston, Harry E. Griswold.
Table showing the annual accessions to the New York State Library
and the annual appropriations from 1844 to 1883, inclusive.
Number
YEARS.
Regular
Special
of volumes. appropriation. appropriation.
Object of
special appropriation.
1818 to 1843…….
9,912
1844..
1,146
$2,500
1845..
3,175
2,800
$4,000
Warden library.
1846
1,510
2,500
1847
1,828
2,800
1848.
2,635
2,800
1,200 General purchases.
1849.
3,068
2,800
1850.
2,038
2,800
1851..
2,545
•
2,800
1852..
3,533
2,800
1853.
1854
1855.
1856
3,419
2,800
2,500
Clinton papers.
2,804
3,100
3,034
3,700
1,000 General purchases.
2,987
3,100
1857.
5,542
4,000
1858
3,682
4,000
1859.
2,922
2,000
1860.
2,015
2,000
1861
1,982
2,000
1862.
3,328
3,000
1863.
3,197
3,000
1,500
750
Parliamentary papers.
Johnson Mss.
1864.
2,160
2,000
1865
2,477
2,000
1866.
1,860
2,500
1867..
2,676
4,000
1868..
2,572
4,000
1869.
2,246
4,000
1870..
2,563
4,000
1871.
2,609
4,000
1872...
2,535
4,000
1873
2,887
3,000
1874..
2,922
4,000
1,500
1875
3,458
6,000
1,000
Law books.
Law books.
1876..
3,505
4,000
1877..
3,238
4,000
1878..
3,540
4,000
1879
3,248
4,000
5,000 Brinley library.
1880..
3,214
4,000
1881.
2,688
4,000
1882.
2,506
4,000
1883
2,480
4,500
1884.
2,490
5,000
Total...
124,176
$138,300
$18,450
[Of the above number of volumes in the State Library 86,644 are in the General Depart
ment, and 37,536 in the Law Library. ]
742
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
STATE LAW LIBRARIES OTHER THAN THAT LOCATED IN ALBANY.
Under the former Constitution a "Chancellor's Library"
Library" was
formed for the use of the Court of Chancery. For many years this
Library was kept at Saratoga Springs, the place of residence of Chan-
cellor Walworth.
1
Upon the discontinuance of that court, under the Constitution of
1846, it become the "Library of the Court of Appeals," and was di-
vided, one branch being located at Syracuse, and the other at Roch-
ester, under authority granted to the Judges of the Court of Ap-
peals. They were placed in some measure under the charge of the
Board of Regents, by whom their Librarians were appointed, and
their salaries were fixed. Reports are also required to be made to
the Regents, but these are not published. Provision was made for
placing in the Law Library in Albany, any books that it might want,
and for placing in the branch libraries any duplicates the State Law
Library might possess.
Three Law Libraries had been formed for Judges of the former
Supreme Court, and one for the Vice-Chancellor of the Second Cir-
cuit. These four libraries were by the act of 1849, declared to be
for the Judges of the Court of Appeals, and their successors in office.
Provision has been made for a Law Library in each of the eight
judicial districts of the State, as follows:
DISTRICT.
Year.
Chapter of
Act.
Location.
Remarks.
1..... 1865... 722.... New York city.. "New York Law Library," under the manage-
2..... 1863 ... 463...
3
4
Brooklyn,.....
1874... 323.... Kingston.......
1866..
882.... Saratoga
5..... 1875 ...
1875... 193.... Utica
6..... 1959... 230.... Binghamton
7
1875 ... 193.... Delhi..
8..
1863
}
401....
Buffalo..
+
ment of the Justices of the Supreme Court
in First District, who are its Trustees.
"Law Library of Second District," under the
Trustees of the Law Library of the city of
Brooklyn, subject to orders of Justices of
Supreme Court, Second District.
The State Library at Albany is in the Third
District.
"Law Library of Fourth District," Justices of
Supreme Court, Fourth District, its Trustees.
The Court of Appeals Library at Syracuse is
also in this District.
Under the care of Justices of Supreme Court,
Sixth District, and the supervisors of Broome
county, to whom reports are made.
For use of Supreme Court.
The Court of Appeals Library is in the Seventh
District. Under the care of the Trustees of
the Grosvenor Library, but subject to orders
of the Justices of Supreme Court of Eighth
District.
¹ Act of April 9, 1849. Chap. 300, Laws of 1849.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
743
Reports are required to be made to the Regents, from the Libraries
of the Second, Fourth and Eighth Districts.
The Regents were required to frame rules for the use of books in
the Libraries mentioned in the act of 1849, and might add to and
amend the same as might be necessary.¹
CHAPTER XXIX.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
By JAMES HALL, LL. D., Director.
2
The New York State Museum of Natural History is the legiti-
mate result of the Geological Survey of the State, which com-
prehended in its scope and purpose every department of Natural
History. This survey and its influence upon the progress of natural
science in the country, and especially upon geology and geological
nomenclature over the civilized world, deserves a special chapter
devoted to its history. The advocates and promoters of the survey
long before its inauguration, in all their memorials and petitions,
gave clear expression to their expectation that a museum of the
natural productions of the State would be the outcome of the
survey. It may be said that the Geological Survey was the result
of a desire on the part of the people to have some definite and
positive knowledge of the mineral resources and the vegetable and
animal products of the State.
A memorial from the Albany Institute to the Legislature of the
State in 1834,3 in regard to a proposed geological survey, expressed
1 See Regents' Manual, 1882, p. 98.
2 See the history of the New York State Geological Survey, and a sketch
with portrait of the State Geologist, Professor James Hall, in the first volume of
the "Public Service of the State of New York "
3 Senate document No. 15, 1834. This memorial had reference to the formation
of a great public museum at Albany, and asked from the Legislature an appro-
priation for the continuation of what had been already well begun by the Albany.
Institute, through the active co-operation of its members.
The first act or the Legislature of New York tending to promote a general
knowledge of its resources, through the agency of a society, was passed March
12, 1793 (Chap. 59, Laws of 1793), and incorporated "The Society for the Promo-
It was a
tion of Agriculture, Arts and Manufactures," and was limited to 1804.
State Society, and included in its long list of members and corporators, the most
744
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the public sentiment or desire "to form a grand and comprehensive
collection of the natural productions of the State of New York; to
exhibit at one view and under one roof, its animal, vegetable and
mineral wealth." This memorial further remarked on the subject:
"In every civilized country of the Old World, such collections are
an object of national pride. For their increase the naturalists of
every kingdom have explored unknown regions. The British
Museum, the Garden of Plants, at Paris, the collections of every
eminent and influential class of men throughout the State. Members of the
Legislature were deemed honorary members of the society, and were entitled to
attend its meetings, but not to vote at its elections. Its transactions were printed
at the State expense, and bear evidence of great activity and zeal in the develop-
ment of the agricultural and industrial interests of the State.
Upon the expiration of its charter another society named " The Society for the
Promotion of Useful Arts," was incorporated April 2, 1804 (Chap. 41, Laws of
1804), without limitation as to time, and the property of the former society became
vested in the new corporation. Its general objects were in the main similar; but
as circumstances brought various interests into importance, especially as the war
of 1812 was approaching, in the encouragement of domestic manufactures, this
society was charged with the duty, of distributing premiums, and the like. It
also encouraged researches, and published transactions that have permanent
value in our literature. It made collections of various kinds, and until the forma-
tion of a Board of Agriculture” in 1819 (Chap. 107, Laws of 1819), it was the
only State society that existed for the development of the resources of New
York.
A scientific society named "The Albany Lyceum of Natural History," was formed
some years later, and both continued separately until 1829 (Chap. 43, Laws of
1829), when they were merged in " The Albany Institute," which became the
owner of the library and collections that had been accumulated by its predeces-
sors. Under the comprehensive charter received at that time, the Albany Institute
was to consist of three departments.
First. The Department of Physical Sciences and the Arts, including the
Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts," as then constituted.
Second. The Department of Natural History, or the Lyceum of Natural
History, and
Third. The Department of History and General Literature.
In the early years of the Albany Institute much attention was paid to Natural
History in its various branches, and in its Petition of 1834, above referred to, it is
stated that their catalogues comprised at least 10,000 articles upon that subject.
At a somewhat later period, the physical sciences, and especially meteorology,
electricity and magnetism, became subjects of investigation, and some of the most
brilliant of the early discoveries in electro-magnetism by Prof. Joseph Henry,
were first announced to the world at the meetings of the Albany Institute.
This society has continued in active existence to the present day Its library
cabinet and room for meeting are in the Albany Academy, and its Transactions
now extending to volumes, are recognized as valuable contributions to knowledge.
F. B. H.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
745
kingdom, are illustrations of the value attached to such institutions
and the liberality with which they are supported." ¹
The Albany Institute had already at that time accumulated con-
siderable collections in the departments of Natural History. Gover-
nor Clinton had shown his interest in these subjects by making a
private collection of the fossils of the State, and had in his last annual
message advised legislative encouragement to mineralogical re-
searches within the State; and virtually recommended a geological
survey.
The geological survey was organized, and the collections which
were gathered in its progress far exceeded the most sanguine expecta-
tions of its promoters. The Albany Institute, which had been pro-
posed as the custodian of these collections, had no sufficient room for
their accommodation. Various plans were suggested to provide room
'In 1828 a committee appointed upon this subject, in pursuance of the Gover-
nor's advice, reported favorably and at some length upon the subject, and brought
in a bill entitled "An act directing Geological Researches," but it did not become
a law. (Assem. Journal, 1828, pp. 1113, 1180.)
On the 28th of March, 1829, a memorial from the Lyceum of Natural History in
the city of New York, was presented in Assembly, praying for the passage of a
law "to provide for a practical and efficient examination of the mineral formations
of this State for bituminous coal," with a resolution of the Common Council of the
city of New York, approving of the object of the application.
The subject was referred to a select committee, consisting of Thomas L. Smith,
of New York, Benj. P. Johnson, of Oneida, and Thomas Armstrong, of Wayne,
who two days afterward made a highly favorable report, accompanied by a bill
entitled "An act directing Geological Researches," but this failed to become a law.
Assem. Journal, 1829, pp. 876, 887.)
Perhaps a more direct and immediate notice was presented in a memorial of the
American Institute of the city of New York, praying for a geological survey of the
State, received in Assembly April 1, 1835 and referred to a select committee, con-
sisting of Charles P. Clinch, of New York, David Wager, of Oneida, and Mark H.
Sibley, of Ontario. This committee on the 18th of April made a very favorable
report. (Assem. Journal, 481, 650, Assem. Doc. 374, 1835.)
In this memorial the society alluded to the acknowledged obligations of the
government to advance the cause of science and of learning, and strenuously urged
that efficient measures ought to be taken to promote the progress of this important
branch of knowledge, inseparably connected as it was with a thorough disclosure
of the internal resources of the State, and with the industry and enterprise of its
citizens. The States of Maryland, Tennessee, New Jersey, Massachusetts and
Virginia, had already instituted surveys of this kind, with beneficial results, and
reports of the survey in Massachusetts had been published upon a liberal scale.
This led to a resolution passed in Assembly the same day, directing the Secretary
of State, [Hon. John A. Dix,] to report to the Legislature at its next session a plan
for a complete Geological Survey of the State. (Assem. Journal 1835, p. 650).
F. B. H.
91
746
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
for their arrangement.
One was to unite in a continuous room
several of the committee-rooms in the upper story of the Capitol;
another to set off a portion of the State Library; but all were
abandoned as insufficient. In February, 1839, Ebenezer Emmons,
and James IIall, in a communication to William H. Seward, Gover-
nor of New York, offered some suggestions in regard to the disposi-
tion of the collections, and gave an estimate of their number and im-
portance. On the 27th of February 1839, Governor Seward made a
communication to the Legislature, accompanying it with the memorial
above mentioned. In concluding the Governor said, "It ought to
be known to the Legislature that the collections of specimens will far
exceed in number and value the expectations indulged at the time
of the passage of the act, and cannot be profitably or conveniently
deposited in the State Library, or in any apartments of the Capitol
which can be appropriated for that purpose. The whole collection
will form a museum of the highest scientific interest. Unless suit-
able arrangements are made for its preservation and exhibition, the
benefits of the survey, will be, in a great measure, lost."
"On November 1, 1839, as the time for the field work of the
survey was drawing to a close, the Board of Geologists addressed a
inemorial to Governor Seward, in which, among other things, they
recommended the use of rooms in the second story of the old State
Hall, and we are unanimously of the opinion that this is the most
eligible place for the State Museum.' This memorial was signed
by James E. De Kay, Lardner Vanuzem, Ebenezer Emmons, Wil-
liam W. Mather, Timothy A. Conrad, James Hall and Lewis C.
Beck. It was communicated to the Legislature on the 24th of Jan-
uary, 1840. On the 28th of April, 1840, Mr. Robert Deniston of
Orange County, 'of the select committee on so much of the Gover-
nor's message as relates to the geological survey,' made a report upon
some of the results of the survey, and recommended the use of the
old State Hall for the collections of the geological survey.
The ground occupied by the old State Hall having been ceded to
the State for the specific purpose for which it was then occupied, it
became necessary for the Common Council of the city of Albany to
modify the original grant in order that the building might be occu-
pied for a State Museum of Natural History. This was accordingly
done, and by act of the Legislature,¹ November 7, 1840, the build-
ing was appropriated for that purpose and the collections were
¹Chap. 245, Laws of New York 1840, p. 192.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL IIISTORY.
747
authorized to be there deposited for safe-keeping, in charge of the
Regents of the University. An appropriation (of $2,000) was made
for fitting up the building with cases, and the collections were trans-
ferred from their temporary quarters in the committee rooms of the
Capitol to the old State Hall. The final disposition of the collections
with the labeling, etc., was completed in 1843.
At that time very little was generally known in this country re-
garding museums of Natural History; and, except in the minds of
a few, no true appreciation existed of what such an institution should
be. It is not, therefore, surprising that there should have been a
general acquiescence in the proposition that the collections were dc-
posited in the old State IIall for "safe-keeping," and that the idea
of constant increase toward a great museum of Natural History was
scarcely, if at all, considered.
The collections and the rooms they occupied were placed in charge
of a curator, Mr. J. W. Taylor, and the small annual appropriations
made by the Legislature were only sufficient for their custody and
very moderate increase. Mr. Taylor was succeeded in his charge
by Mr. John Gebhard, Jr., and Mr. James A. Hurst was employed
as Taxidermist. In 1857 Colonel Ezekiel Jewett was appointed
Curator and occupied the position for eight years. During this
period considerable progress had been made toward completing the
collection of the birds of the State. Some collections had been
added by donation, notably that of Mr. DeRham of New York,
which occupies a separate case in the Museum.
At this time, the old building had been replaced by a new one, giv-
ing greater conveniences for the arrangement of collections, and pro-
viding for the joint occupancy of the Agricultural Society. The
new building was completed in 1857, but, requiring some alterations
was not occupied until 1858. It provided an office for the Curator,
one floor to be devoted to metamorphic and paleozoic geology, the
second floor to secondary and tertiary geology and the mineralogical
collections, and the third floor to the zoological collection.in all its
departments. The affairs of the Museum remained stationary till
1865, when, through the influence of gentlemen connected with
higher education in the State, the Legislature passed the following,
tending to the expansion of the Museum:
"Whereas, The collections in geology, mineralogy, and other de-
partments of Natural History, made by the geological survey of the
State, were committed to the charge of the Regents of the Uni-
748
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
versity by the act of the Legislature in 1845, and the reports pub-
lished before and since that period as the results of the survey have
conferred great credit upon the State of New York, both at home
and abroad, and the nomenclature proposed by her geologists has
been adopted by other States and in the geological survey of Canada,
and is well known, appreciated and recognized by the scientific men
of Europe; and
Whereas, Great progress has been made since that period in
geological investigation, both here and abroad, and it is due to sci-
ence, as well as a suitable recognition of the great credit given to
the State of New York, that her pre-eminence be sustained by keep-
ing up the character and authenticity of the collections as a museum
of practical and scientific geology; therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Regents of the University report to the Legis-
lature at its next session, what means may be necessary, together
with a plan for placing the State Cabinet of Natural History in the
condition required by the present state of science, to maintain it in
full efficiency as a museum of scientific and practical geology and
comparative zoology; and whether the establishment of a system of
free lectures in connection with the Cabinet is desirable, and if so,
on what general plan the same should be founded."
To meet the requirements of this resolution, the Regents of the
University, through the committee on the State Cabinet, addressed a
circular letter to many of the scientific men of the country, and to
others interested in the advancement of knowledge. Ten of the
gentlemen addressed, responded to the inquiries. The communica-
tions received were published in the nineteenth report on the State
Cabinet. These letters are of much interest, as expressing the
views of individuals from different standpoints, and as part of the
historical record of the State Museum of Natural History. The
suggestions made by several of the respondents, and especially by
Alexander Agassiz, now Director of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge, and by Professor J. D. Dana, of New Haven,
are worthy of consideration.
The committee of the Board of Regents recommended the plan of
organization proposed by James Hall, as, in their view, best adapted
to carry out the objects contemplated by the resolution of the Sen-
ate and Assembly. This recommendation became the first step
toward an improved condition, and a recognition of the necessity of
regarding the Museum as a series of collections in natural history,
which were to be increased and elaborated in each of its departments.
To propose a plan of improvement or progress may not be difficult.
¹ Nineteenth Annual Report on the State Cabinet of Natural History, pp. 8,
9.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
749
but it is often very difficult to put the plan into execution, and al-
though the Legislature might resolve, and the Regents of the Uni-
versity recommend, neither of these, nor both together, would
accomplish the work.
The dis-
In 1865, Colonel Jewett resigned his position as Curator, and in
1866, Mr. Hall was appointed to the charge. By dint of much ex-
ertion among his friends in and out of the Legislature, he succeeded
in increasing the financial resources of the State Cabinet.
covery of the mastodon skeleton at Cohoes, in the summer of 1866,
and its acquisition by the State Cabinet, attracted attention toward
the institution. At the next Legislature, the successful application
for $5,000 to purchase the Gould collection of shells gave some eclat
to the new recommendations, and the accession of sixty thousand
specimens at once, representing six thousand species, could not fail
to be appreciated. The New Capitol Commissioners, wishing infor-
mation in regard to the sources of building material, engaged the
Curator of the State Cabinet to make a reconnoisance, which re-
sulted in a report to the Commissioners, and the acquisition to the
State Cabinet, by this and other means, of the very fine collection
of marbles, limestones, sandstones and granites which now occupy
two sides of the entrance hall of the Museum.¹
--
Heretofore the State Cabinet had received no regular or fixed ap-
propriation of money from the Legislature, but in 1870, a law was
passed organizing the same under the designation of "The State
Museum of Natural History," and appropriating $10,000 annually,
to provide for the salaries of the Director and three acsistants, as
then employed, together with the expenses of increase and preserva-
tion of the collections. In addition to this the sum of $1,500 has been
annually appropriated for the salary of a botanist, and special appro-
priations have been made from time to time for the increase of the
collections. These sums, however inadequate to the requirements
of such a museum, serve nevertheless to keep up a very visible and
substantial progress in each one of the departments, as is seen in the
improved order, and the additions to the collections, and as recorded
in the annual museum reports. Since the period of the resolution
and action referred to, the original collections have been greatly ex-
tended and new ones added. As far as possible, with the means at
his command, the Director has endeavored to make the institution.
"a museum of scientific and practical geology and comparative
¹ These descriptions refer to the location and arrangements in the building on
the corner of State and Lodge streets.
750
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
zoology." The collections in the museum building are arranged as
follows: On each side of the main entrance hall are placed collec-
tions of economic interest, such as marbles, limestones, freestones,
granites, etc., wrought into forms to show their adaption to building
or ornamental use. These specimens are mostly in blocks of one
foot or six inch cubes, and others of different form. Adjacent to
the hall are office and library rooms, likewise occupied by the
botanical collection, and by the Botanist and the assistant in the
Zoological Department.
The first floor above is entirely devoted to the collections illustra-
ting the geology and palæntology of New York, and showing the
relations of these formations with the carboniferous system of the
West, and with the coal measures of Pennsylvania. These collec-
tions, here arranged in their natural order, have laid the foundation
of the geological nomenclature of the United States and Canada for
formations of the same age. Besides these systematically managed
collections, the upper part of the wall cases, above each formation,
exhibit enlarged figures of the fossils characteristic of such formation,
surmounted by an extended geological section, showing the actual
relations of the successive geological formations. There is also a
series of iron ores from the principal mines in the State. The entire
arrangement is such as to afford students convenient facilities for
prosecuting studies in geology and palæontology.
On the middle floor, the wall cases are chiefly devoted to the
minerals of the State of New York, and to a general mineralogical
collection, each separately arranged. In the central portion of this
floor are arranged the foreign collections of fossils from all formations
and the American Triassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Estuary forma-
tions. An extensive series of casts, comprising among them the
Megatherium and gigantic Armadilli, of South America (presented
by Charles F. Wadsworth), occupy the eastern portion of the floor;
while the skeleton of the American Mastodon, with other remains
of the mastodon and elephant, and the skeleton of the Megcceros,
occupy the western portion of the room. A series of table-cases con-
tain the stone implements, pottery, and other objects of ethnological
interest.
The third or upper floor is entirely occupied by the zoological col-
lections, including stuffed skins, skeletons and alcoholic specimens.
The species known to inhabit the State of New York are arranged
separately and apart from the general collection of this department.
During the period which has elapsed since the passage of the
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
751
resolution referred to in 1865, the area of case and shelf-room in
each department has been more than doubled. The large mammals,
once inhabiting the State, but now extinct within its borders, have
been added to the collection; and the skeletons of a large proportion
of all the maminals and some of the reptiles and fishes of our waters.
have been added. Some valuable additions have been made of extra-
limital species. The collections of shells have been to a great ex-
tent accumulated within that period, and the fresh-water shells have
been correctly labeled and catalogued. The foreign collections of
fossils and those of the more recent American formations have been
greatly augmented.
The general collection of minerals has been very largely increased,
and its separate arrangement and labeling has been accomplished
within the few past years. The catalogues of this department are
now in the hands of the printer. Vast additions have been made
to the paleontological series of the rocks of New York in the
arranged collections; and more than three times as many more are
in keeping elsewhere, which should be systematically arranged in
the Museum. There has been prepared a collection of sections or
transparent cuttings of fossils, amounting to between three and four
thousand specimens, and a large number of cuttings of minerals and
polished specimens. With these may be enumerated a considerable
number of sections of recent shells, of which there is in preparation
a large collection.
During this period more than thirteen thousand labeled specimens
of minerals and fossils have been distributed to the Colleges and
schools of the State, and many thousands of specimens still remain
for future distribution. The entire economic collection (with per-
haps half a dozen exceptions) and the iron ores have also been accu-
mulated within that time. In the Botanical Department the most
extensive additions have been made in every class, and the deter-
mined and labeled collection of the fungi is now larger than that of
any other Museum in the country. Thus the collection which in
1839 the Secretary of State supposed would require a room such as
could be obtained by removing a partition and uniting two committee-
rooms in the third story of the Capitol, now occupy nearly two-
thirds of the main floor of the Museum and the three entire floors
above, besides the storage in the basement. The collections at
present arranged and stored in rooms outside of the Museum, to-
gether with those now within the Museum, would, if properly dis-
752
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
posed, require more than twice the space afforded in the present
building.
These collections form a scientific museum of great interest and
value, and its annual publications are recognized among the works
of standard authority in science. In no other State has a geological
survey been so comprehensive and extended as that of New York,
nevertheless some portions of the work are still incomplete; if
judiciously fostered by the State this Museum, with its extensive
collections and increasing publications, might be made to take a
prominent part in the scientific education of the students of the
State."
The following additional information concerning the Museum and
the publications of the survey has been prepared by Secretary Murray
of the Board of Regents:
The want of a commodious and fire-proof building for the Museum
has been long felt. The present building, which it has occupied
since 1858, has become inadequate to contain all the material, and
from its imperfect construction is liable to destruction by fire. The
Legislature, recognizing the importance of making a provision for
its permanent establishment, in 1883 enacted a law setting apart the
State Hall for a museum building, and directing the trustees to oc-
cupy for this purpose the rooms as they may be vacated by the State
officers, and fit them up for the reception of the collections. In pur-
suance of this law portions of the building have been occupied, and
the remainder will become available on the removal of the State
officers to the new Capitol. The same law increased the appropria-
tion for the maintenance of the Museum to $15,000, and provided
for the publication of its scientific papers, and for the distribution
of its duplicate specimens. In addition to this the law directed the
trustees of the Museum to supervise the publication of the remain-
ing volumes of the Natural History of the State, and provided for
annual appropriations for this purpose for five successive years.
The publication of the Natural History was begun in connection
with the Geological Survey of the State, edition 3,000 quarto,
1842-84. It consists of six divisions as follows:
[The figures in brackets indicate the order of publication.]
PART (OR DIVISION) I. ZOOLOGY, BY JAMES E. DE KAY.
[1] Vol. 1. Historical Introduction to the Series by William H.
Seward, Governor, pp. 188. Zoology of New York, or the
New York Fauna, comprising detailed descriptions of all
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
753
the animals hitherto observed within the State of New York,
with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders,
and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Part I. Mam-
malia. Text, pp. xiii, 146; 33 plates. 1842. [300 copies
with hand-colored plates]
[10] Vol. II. Zoology.
plates.
[6] Vol. III.
III.
1884
Part II. Birds. Text, pp. xii, 380; 141
[With colored plates.]
Zoology. Parts III and IV bound together. Part
Reptiles and Amphibia. Text, pp. vii, 98. Part IV.
Fishes. Text, pp. xv, 415. 1842.
[5] Vol. IV. Zoology. Plates to accompany Vol. III
Reptiles
and Amphibia. 23 plates. Fishes, 79 plates. 1842. [300
copies with hand-colored plates.]
[9] Vol. V. Zoology. Parts V and VI bound together. Part V.
Mollusca; text, pp. iv, 271; 40 plates. 1843. Part VI.
Crustacea; text, pp. 70; 13 plates. 1844. [With hand-
colored plates.]
PART (OR DIVISION) II. BOTANY, BY JOHN TORREY, M. D., F. L. S.
[11] Vol. I. Flora of the State of New York, comprising full
descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants
hitherto discovered in the State; with remarks on their
economical and medical properties. Text, pp. xii, 484; 72
plates (not all numbered, though described by number in the
text). 1843. [300 copies with hand colored plates.]
[12] Vol. II. Flora of the State of New York. Text, pp. 572;
89 plates (not numbered, though described by number in the
text). 1843. [300 copies with hand-colored plates.]
PART (OR DIVISION) III. MINERALOGY, BY LEWIS C. BECK, M. D.
[3] One Volume. Mineralogy of New York; comprising detailed
descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of
New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agricul-
ture. Part I, Economic Mineralogy; Part II, Descriptive
Mineralogy. Text, pp. xxiv, 536; 8 plates additional to
those printed as part of the text. 1842.
PART (OR DIVISION) IV. GEOLOGY, BY MATHER, EMMONS, VANUXEM
AND HALL.
[7] Vol. 1. Geology of New York. Part I. First Geological
District, William W. Mather. Text, pp. xxxvii, 653; 46
plates. 1843.
95
754
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
[4] Vol. II. Geology of New York. Part II. Second Geological
District, Ebenezer Emmons, M. D. Text, pp. x, 437; 17
plates. 1842.
[2] Vol. III. Geology of New York.
cal District, Lardner Vanuxem.
[8] Vol. IV. Geology of New York.
ical District, James Hall.
and 19 plates. 1843.
Part III.
Third Geologi-
Text, pp.
306; no plates.
Part IV. Fourth Geolog-
Text, pp. xxii, 683; with map
PART (OR DIVISION) V. AGRICULTURE, BY EBENEZER EMMONS, M. D.
[13] Vol. I. Agriculture of New York; comprising an account of
the classification, composition and distribution of the soils
and rocks, and the natural waters of the different geological
formations; together with a condensed view of the meteor-
ology and agricultural productions of the State. Text, pp.
xi, 371; 21 plates. 1846. [With hand-colored plates.]
[15] Vol. II. Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. Text, pp.
viii, 343, 46; 42 plates. 1849. [With hand-colored plates.]
[16] Vol. III. Fruits, etc. Text, pp. viii, 340. 1851.
[17] Vol. IV (III on title page). Fruits, etc. Plates to accompany
Vol. III. pp. vii; 95 plates, including 14 intercalated plates.
1851. [With hand-colored plates.]
[19] Vol. V. Insects injurious to Agriculture. Text, pp. viii, 272;
50 plates, including 3 prefixed, and marked A B C. 1854.
[With hand-colored plates.]
PART (OR DIVISION) VI. PALEONTOLOGY, BY JAMES HALL.
[14] Vol. I. Text and Plates. Organic Remains of the Lower
Division of the New York System. Text, pp. xxiii, 338;
99 plates, including 11 intercalated plates. 1847.
[18] Vol. II. Text and Plates. Organic Remains of the Lower
Middle Division of the New York System. Text, pp. viii,
362; 104 plates, including 19 intercalated plates. 1852.
[20] Vol. III. Part I. Text. Organic Remains of the Lower
Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone. pp. xii, 533.
1859. Part II. Plates (separate binding). 141 plates, in-
cluding 21 intercalated plates. 1861. (Both parts delivered
to the Secretary of State as one volume in 1862.) Sold now
as two volumes.
[21] Vol. IV. Text and plates. Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper
Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. Text,
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
755
pp. xi, 372; 69 plates, including 6 intercalated plates. 1867.
(Delivered to the Secretary of State in 1870.) NOTE.- On
the title page this is designated Volume IV, Part I; the ma-
terial designed to form Part II will be included in the vol-
umes in preparation.
[23] Vol. V. Part I. Lamellibranchiata I. Text and Plates.
Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Che-
mung Groups. pp. xviii, 268; plates 1-33 and 81-92. 1884.
[22] Vol. V. Part II. Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda
of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung
Groups. Text, pp. xv, 492; 120 plates (separate binding),
including 7 intercalated plates. 1879.
VOLUMES IN PREPARATION.
[24] To be issued in 1885, on Lamellibranchiata.
[25] To be issued in 1886, on Bryozoa.
[26] To be issued in 1887, on Crustacea, etc.
[27] To be issued in 1888, on Brachiopoda.
NOTE.
Copies of [20], [21], [22] and [23] are the only ones now
in stock. The price for copies, as fixed under chapter 163, Laws of
1877, is $2.50 a volume, volume [20], consisting of two large parts
in separate bindings, being sold as two volumes.
A new volume of the Natural History of the State of New York
has recently been issued, constituting a continuation of the work on
Paleontology by Professor James Hall, State Geologist. This vol-
ume is the first issued under authority of a law passed in 1883, pro-
viding for the completion of the publication of the work on Palæon-
tology. This law places the supervision of the work under the Re-
gents of the University, as Trustees of the State Museum. It pro-
vides for an annual appropriation for five years for the expense of
the publication, and calls for the issue of one volume each year.
The same law places in the custody of the Trustees of the Museum
all the remaining copies of the volumes of the Natural History, as
well as the volumes to be afterward published, and authorizes them
to be distributed, sold and exchanged in accordance with the pro-
visions of law already in force, for the benefit of the Museum Li-
brary. Under chapter 163, L. 1877, the volumes "when sold shall
be disposed of at a price not less than two dollars and fifty cents
each, provided always that all colleges, academies, scientific institu-
tions and library associations [in the State] which own the volumes
756
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
already published, or the greater part of them, shall have the right
to complete their sets on the 'terms heretofore established for that
purpose," viz one dollar a volume.
The Trustees reserve the right, under this law, to raise the price as
the volumes become more rare and valuable. There is no authority
to give away the volumes except to certain libraries, societies and
personages specially designated by statute, in the United States and
foreign countries. They may, however, be exchanged for works of
equivalent value for the use of the Museum Library, the price for
exchange being fixed at three dollars a volume.
Copies of [20], [21], [22] and [23] are the only ones now remain-
ing in the possession of the Trustees; volume [20] consisting of two
large parts in separate bindings, is sold as two volumes. Copies of
previous volumes will be received in exchange for the above, on
terms to be fixed in each case. The last volume, when sent by mail
within the United States, requires fifty cents for postage.
ORGANIZATION IN 1884.
The standing committee of the Trustees: Regent Leavenworth,
Chairman; the Vice-Chancellor, the Superintendent of Public In-
struction, Regents Bostwick, Watson and McKelway. Secretary of
the Trustees: David Murray.
The Scientific Staff of the Museum: Director, James Hall;
Assistants, James W. Hall, Charles E. Beecher and John Gebhard.
State Geologist, James Hall. State Entomologist, Joseph A. Lint-
ner. State Botanist, Charles H. Peck.
Public documents relating to the Geological Survey of the State of
New York-the publications connected therewith and to the
State Museum.
Report on the Memorial of the American Institute asking for a
Geological Survey of the State.— Assem. Doc. 374, 1835.
Report of the Secretary of State in relation to the Geological Sur-
vey. Assem. Doc. 9, 1836.
Message of the Governor relative to the Memorial of Amos Eaton
[compensation for Geological researches].- Assem. Doc. 327, 1836.
Report of the Select Committee on so much of the Governor's
Message as relates to the Geological Survey of the State. Assem.
Doc. 77, 1836.
Communication from the Governor relative to Geological Survey of
the State.-Assem. Doc. 161, 1837.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
757
Report on a communication from the Governor in relation to the
Geological Survey of the State, and the reports of the persons
engaged in the execution thereof.- Assem. Doc. 258, 1837.
Communication from the Governor relative to the Geological Sur-
vey of the State.-Assem. Doc. 100, 1838.
Message from the Governor transmitting two several reports in re-
lation to the Geological Survey of the State. [Letter from Dr. John
Torrey, with a catalogue of the plants of the State; and communica-
tion from James E. De Kay.] — Assem. Doc. 406, 1839.
Communication from the Governor relative to the Geological Sur-
vey of the State.- Assem. Doc. 1839 (pp. 351).
Communication from the Governor transmitting several reports
relative to the Geological Survey of the State Assem. Doc. 50,
1840.
Report on so much of the Governor's Message as relates to the
Geological Survey of the State, on petition for a copy of the
Geologists' Reports for each school district.-Assem. Doc. 290, 1840.
Report on so much of the Governor's Message as relates to the
Geological Survey, and on the petition of F. C. Warner relating to
a certain cement.-Assem. Doc. 297, 1840.
Report on so much of the Governor's Message as relates to the
Geological Survey.-Assem. Doc. 338, 1840.
Resolutions providing for the distribution of certain copies of the
Geological reports.-Laws of 1841, p. 372.
Communication from the Governor transmitting the several reports
relative to the Geological Survey of the State.-Assem. Doc. 150,
1841 (pp. 184)
Communication from the Governor in relation to the progress of
the Geological Survey.-Senate Doc. 68, 1842.
Reports on the petition of Agnes Mitchell [employed by Dr.
Torrey to make botanical drawings].-Assem. Doc. 22, 1842; Senate
Doc. 26, 1843.
Communication from Mr. James Hall, one of the State Geologists,
March 6, 1843.-Senate Doc. 59, 1843.
Report of the Select Committee on the bill entitled "An act in
relation to the Natural History of the State of New York.”—Assem.
Doc. 82, 1843.
Communication from the Secretary of State, relative to the act
entitled "An act relative to the Geological Survey of the State,"
passed April 9, 1842.-Senate Doc. 67, 1843.
Supplemental communication from the Secretary of State, in rela-
758
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
tion to the law concerning the Geological Survey.-Senate Doc. 72,
1843.
Communication from Messrs. Emmons and Hall, State Geologists,
March 7, 1843.-Senate Doc. 60, 1843.
Report of the Secretary of State in relation to the books of Natural
History.-Senate Doc. 43, 1845.
Report of the Select Committee in relation to the Natural History
of the State (volumes in hand, etc.)-Senate Doc. 143, 1845.
Minority report of Select Committee in relation to the Natural
History of the State. (Recommending a termination of the work.)
-Senate Doc. 124, 1845.
Report of the Judiciary Committee on the communication from
the Secretary of State in relation to the Natural History of the State
(with opinion of the Supreme Court in the case of Alanson Bennett
vs. The Governor and Secretary of State).-Senate Doc. 125, 1845.
Report of the Comptroller in answer to a resolution of the
Assembly February 12, 1845, relative to the expenses of the
Geological Survey of this State.-Assem. Doc. 153, 1845.
Report of the Regents of the University on the condition of the
Cabinet of Natural History.--Senate Doc. 91, 1846.
[Numbered Annual Reports of the Regents upon the Cabinet :]
1. Senate Doc. 72, 1848.
2.
(6
66
20, 1849.
3.
66
66
75, 1850.
66
66
4.
30, 1851.
5. Assem. Doc. 122, 1852.
6. Senate Doc. 16, 1853.
7. 66
19. Senate Doc. 89, 1866.
20. Assem. Doc. 239, 1867.
21. Senate Doc. 92, 1868.
22.
(6 87, 1869.
23. Assem. Doc. 133, 1870.
24. Senate Doc. 68, 1871.
66
50, 1854.
25.
66
66
83, 1872.
8.
66
66
40, 1855.
26.
66
66 109, 1873.
9.
66
66
112, 1856.
27.
66
66
102, 1874.
10.
66
66
109, 1857.
28.
66
66
71, 1875.
(6
11. Assem. Doc. 169, 1858.
12. 66
187, 1859.
13. Senate Doc. 89, 1860.
14. Assem. Doc. 136, 1861.
15. Senate Doc. 116, 1862.
16. 66
115, 1863.
17. Assem. Doc. 189, 1864.
18. Senate Doc. 90, 1865.
(6
32. Assem. Doc. 89, 1879.
33.
(6
66
120, 1880.
34.
66
66
127, 1881.
29.
66
(6
77, 1876.
29.
66
66
64, 1877.
30.
66
66
63, 1877.
31.
(6
66
42, 1878.
STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
759
Communication from the Governor and Secretary of State rela
tive to the disposal of the volumes of the Natural History of the
State.-Assem. Doc. 41, 1846.
Report of the Committee on Literature on the Letter of Professor
Agassiz on the Natural History of the State.-Senate Doc. 151,
1847.
Report of the Committee of Ways and Means on the Geological
Survey.-Assem. Doc. 186, 1850.
Report of the Select Committee appointed to investigate the
Matters connected with the publication of the State Work on
Natural History (pp. 179).—Assem. Doc. 9, 1850.
Reports of the Commissioners [Secretary of State and Secretary
of Regents] appointed to take charge of the completion of the Pub-
lication of the Natural History of New York.
1851, Assem. Doc. 124.
1856, Assem. Doc. 150.
1852,
66
66
23.
1857,
66
66
120.
1853,
66
66
74.
1858,
(6
66
120.
1854,
66
""
71.
1859,
66
66
127.
1855,
66
(6
53.
Report of James Hall on the Geological Survey, February 1, 1851.
-Senate Doc. 32, 1851.
Report of the Select Committee on the completion of the Natural
History of the State.-Assem. Doc. 211, 1856.
Report of the Regents of the University in answer to a resolu-
tion of the Senate and Assembly of April 24, 1865, in relation to
the State Cabinet of Natural History.-Senate Doc. 29, 1866.
Communication from the Regents in answer to a resolution of the
Senate in relation to the State Cabinet of Natural History, on the
subject of Prof. Hall's collection.-Senate Doc. 77, 1869.
Communication from the Comptroller in response to a resolution
relative to moneys paid out of the Treasury on account of the
Natural History of the State.-Assem. Doc. 91, 1873.
Estimate of the cost of making the drawings and lithographing
the same, requisite for the completion of the Paleontology of the
State, and the statements in relation thereto by James Hall -Senate
Doc. 101, 1874.
Communication from the Comptroller relative to the Geological
Survey and Natural History of the State.-Senate Doc. 42, 1877.
Answer from the Comptroller in reply to a communication from
the Assembly. (Expenses on account of Natural History since 1835,
etc.)-Assem. Doc. 59, 1878.
760
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Report of the Committee on Public Education relative to the
Geological Survey and Natural History of the State.-Assem. Doc.
79, 1879.
Communication from the Regents of the University in relation to
the State Museum of Natural History.-Assem. Doc. 39, 1881.
Memorial of James Hall, State Geologist, to the Legislature of
the State of New York.-Senate Doc. 80, 1882.
Report of the Committee on Public Printing relative to continu-
ing the publication of the work on the Paleontology of the State.-
Senate Doc. 88, 1882.
Resolution of the New York Academy of Sciences. (Approving
the labors of Prof. James Hall.)—Assem. Doc. 12, 1882.
Communication from the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural
History, in response to a concurrent resolution passed January 19,
1883. (Measures needed for maintaining and conducting the
Museum.)-Senate Doc. 20, 1883.
Report of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History.
-Senate Doc. 53, 1883.
CHAPTER XXX.
VERIFICATION AND MARKING OF STATE BOUNDARY LINES.
The boundary lines between New York and the neighboring
States were, for the most part, settled and marked by commissioners
appointed on the part of the States concerned, and boundary monu-
ments were erected in the early years of the State government. But
from lapse of time some of these monuments had fallen into decay;
others had disappeared entirely, and uncertainties had arisen upon
questions relating to the true meaning of descriptions in certain
natural landmarks, which has led to uncertainties that ought not to
continue. The Regents of the University in the discharge of duties
assigned to them by the Legislature, in the determination of the
exact longitude of certain points in the State, as elsewhere noticed,
submitted on the 10th of April, 1866, a report on the longitude of
the Western Boundary of the State adjacent to that of Pennsyl-
vania, in which it was mentioned that an historical sketch of that
line was in course of preparation, and was intended to be furnished
Assembly Doc. 191, 1866.
1
1
761
MARKING OF STATE BOUNDARY LINES.
as an appendix to the report. No authentic record of this line had
been found in the office of the Secretary of State, or elsewhere.
In view of these facts, and to clear up any uncertainties that might
exist concerning this and other boundary lines, the Regents sug
gested the propriety of authorizing them to report to the Legislature
at a future day such information concerning the several boundaries
of the State as they might be able to procure from the State archives
and otherwise, with the view of stimulating and guiding investiga-
tion, and of placing in a condensed and permanent form, as far as
may be, these interesting records of our early history,
In accordance with this suggestion, the Legislature passed a con-
current resolution April 11-16, 1866, authorizing the Regents to
make such arrangements as might be found desirable, with the
authority of Pennsylvania, for renewing and replacing the monu-
ment near Lake Erie on the Western boundary line.
2
On the 18th of April, 1867, the Regents made a brief report,' in
which they stated that while engaged in this investigation, they had
been led to examine to some extent the history of the Southern
boundary so far as it coincided with the forty-second parallel of
latitude, and had found the records and memorials of the survey
scattered and imperfect, and that in the preparation of the Revised
Statutes, at least three historical errors had been committed in the
description of a single monument at the south-western corner of the
State. A correspondence had been opened with the Governor of
Pennsylvania with the prospect that commissioners would be ap-
pointed to act on the part of that State. This was done, and on
the 15th of September, 1869, a monument was placed near the
margin of Lake Erie (Lat. 42° 15′ 57.9"; Lon. 79° 45′ 54.4″),
properly inscribed, William Evans for J. M. Campbell, Surveyor-
General of Pennsylvania, being present to represent that State,
and John V. L. Pruyn (Chancellor); George R. Perkins (Regent);
S. B. Woolworth (Sec. of Regents), and George W. Patterson rep-
resenting the State of New York.3
:
In further pursuance of these duties, the Regents, on the 3d of
September, 1869, appointed a select committee, consisting of the
Chancellor, Mr. Perkins and Mr. Johnson, and on the 30th of Sep
tember, 1869, transmitted to the several boards of supervisors along
¹ Senate Doc. 18, 1867.
2 It was found upon inquiry that this angle was at or near the center of a high-
way, and that there was no visible mark to denote the place.
* Annual Report of Regents, 1871, p. x.
96
762
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
the southern tier of counties, a circular requesting information con-
cerning the eondition of the monuments along the State line. Par-
ticular acknowledgments were made to the supervisors of Chautau-
qua county for their cordial co-operation, and for a complete survey
of the line on two sides of that county, an extent of over fifty-four
miles. With this exception no local co-operation was secured.
A report prepared chiefly by Mr. Daniel G. Pratt, Assistant
Secretary of the Regents, was transmitted to the Senate May 28,
1873,¹ containing a part of the historical information then collected,
and this has since been further continued in a supplementary volume
of much larger size.2
On the 18th of January, 1875, Governor Tilden transmitted to
the Senate a communication from Governor Joel Parker, of New
Jersey, with a copy of a report of survey made by George H. Cook,
State Geologist of New Jersey, made in July and August, 1874,
with a map. It appeared that one-third of the original monuments
were gone, and that the boundary could not be traced from what
remained. Questions of jurisdiction and of title might arise, and it
was deemed highly important that the line should be definitely ascer-
tained and marked. He stated his intention of directing the atten-
tion of the Legislature of his State to the subject, and recommended
that the authorities of New York be invited to appoint commission-
ers to join those that might be appointed by New Jersey, in deter-
mining the true location of the boundary line, and marking it by
monuments.
This led to further action on the part of New York, and by an
act passed May 26, 1875,³ entitled "An act in regard to the Boundary
Monuments of the State," the Regents were authorized to resume
the work of examination of the boundary monuments in connection
with the authorities of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, replacing such
as were dilapidated or missing, and the sum of $3,000 was appropri-
ated for the expense.
On the first of June of that year, the matter was referred by the
Regents to a committee consisting of the Chancellor, Mr. Pierson
and Mr. Perkins, and official correspondence ensued between the
1
1 Senate Doc 108, 1873, pp. 350.
2
Report of the Regents of the University on the boundaries of the State of
New York Prepared by Daniel J. Pratt, Ph. D Vol. II, being a continuation
of Senate Doc. No. 108 of 1873, and Senate Doc. No. 61 of 1877, 8vo pp. 867.
3 Chap. 424, Laws of 1875.
MARKING OF STATE BOUNDARY LINES.
763
Governors of the several States concerned, as fully reported to the
Assembly in 1877.¹
Governor J. D. Bedle, of New Jersey, found himself unable at
first to act, from want of authority of law, but on the 13th of April,
1876, an act was passed by the Legislature of New Jersey, author-
izing the Governor to appoint three Commissioners, with power to
negotiate and agree upon the line as defined in an act passed Sep-
tember 26, 1772, but their action was not to take effect unless con-
firmed by the Legislatures of both States.
It was found that some difference had arisen in the definition of
the powers of the Commissioners, as given in the two acts. In New
York, it was limited to the replacing of dilapidated monuments on
the old line. In New Jersey it was to negotiate and agree upon a
true line, without regard to what had been done a century before.
On the 7th of October, 1876, the two surviving members of the
New York committee,2 in a letter to Governor Bedle, called his at-
tention to this difference, and offered to go on with the work as their
State had authorized, but no reply was made to this proposition, and
nothing more was done with respect to that line, under that act.
On the 19th of May, 1877, the New York committee, with S. B.
Woolworth, Secretary of the Board, met the Commissioners of
Pennsylvania³ in New York city, and after some sime spent in con-
versation, a series of resolutions was agreed upon by the joint com.
mission, recommending that a reconnoisance of the line be first
made by skilled surveyors, to ascertain what monuments were miss-
ing, and the condition of those that remained. Also, that an astro-
nomical determination be made at four points on the line, to ascertain
the true location on the surface of the earth of the forty-second
parallel of latitude, and that a written report be made to them of
these proceedings. Each State was to appoint a surveyor, to co-
operate in the work, and the Superintendent of the Coast Survey
was to be invited to cause the points in latitude to be ascertained, at
the joint expense of the two States. Each State was to pay the sur
veyor it appointed, and the expenses jointly incurred were to be
equally divided.
Under this arrangement, H. Wadsworth Clarke, a civil engineer
¹ Assem. Doc. 62, 1877, pp. 12.
2 Mr. Perkins had died in August, 1876. His place was afterward filled by the
appointment of Mr Depew.
3 James Worrall, Robert N. Torrey and C. M. Gere, appointed under an act ap-
proved May 8, 1876.
764
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
of Syracuse, was appointed on the part of New York, and C. M.
Gere, of Montrose, on the part of Pennsylvania.
The joint commission again met on the 19th of June, at Hale's
Eddy, on the Delaware, near the eastern end of the line, and search
was made for a monument at the initial point, but it could not be
found. It was located by tracing eastward from milestones that
were still in existence, and the survey progressed, but under great
difficulties, some of the monuments remaining entire, while others
were gone, and others evidently removed from their original place.
When the work of the season had been about half finished, im-
paired health required Mr. Gere to withdraw, and the Committee re-
ceived proposals from the Commissioners of Pennsylvania, that Mr.
Clarke should take entire direction. The examination was continued
through 119 miles, leaving 106 miles on the south, and 19 on the
west lines to be completed another season.¹
Field work was resumed June 13, 1878, and continued with the
exception of about fifteen miles, to Lake Erie, which was reached
October 28.2
In the summer of 1879, operations were delayed by lack of ap-
propriations until June 26, when a meeting of the joint commis-
sioners was held at Clifton Springs, N. Y., Colonels Worrall and
Gere being present from Pennsylvania, and Regents Leavenworth
and Pierson from New York, the latter assisted by Mr. Pratt, As-
sistant Secretary of the Regents, and by Surveyor Clarke.
The part omitted the year previous was examined during the
season, and additional determinations of latitude were made by
officers of the coast survey. A general report was made of the
condition of the boundary. It had been found that the original line
was not straight, and rarely three monuments were in line. The
original mile-stones were temporary affairs, and it was probable that
it was intended that more permanent ones should be placed.
One of the dangers to which these monuments were exposed, and
from which they had suffered most, was that of forest fires. If of
1 Report of the Regents of the University on the New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Boundary Monuments. Assem. Doc. 49, 1878. pp. 51, with outline maps.
2 The part omitted was a rough and uncultivated district on the line of Cat-
taraugus county, which would require much time, and was deemed of less pres-
ent importance than other portions.
The results of the work in 1878 were reported to the Legislature March 14, 1879.
Assem. Doc. 91, 1879, pp. 37.
Assembly Doc. 100, 1880, pp 41.
MARKING OF STATE BOUNDARY LINES.
765
marble, they would crack and crumble, and if of iron cast hollow;
they would warp and break. Several of the old monuments had
been taken away for building stones. In view of these objections
the engineer in charge recommended granite.
By an act passed May 20, 1880,' entitled "An act to provide for
the settlement of the boundary lines between the State of New
York and the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, respectively,"
the original line as surveyed at the time was declared the true one,
however irregular it might be, and the Regents were directed to
appoint three of their number as commissioners, to meet with such
as might be appointed by these States, to agree upon this old line,
and where necessary to erect new monuments. Under this act the
Regents on the 13th of July, 1880, appointed Vice-Chancellor
Pierson, and Regents Leavenworth and Depew, to carry this pro-
vision of law into effect.
In order to restore co-operation with the other States, the Com-
mission above-named requested Governor Cornell to address their
Governors, setting forth the action of the State of New York, and
asking their aid in procuring joint action. In accordance with this
suggestion, the State of New Jersey, on the 25th of March, 1881,
passed an amendatory act of the act of 1876, expressly defining the
duties of their commissioners to be the restoration of the original
monuments on the old line. The Governor of Pennsylvania
promptly replied that the attention of his State Legislature would
be called to the matter, and action urged.2 Delays in transportation
and from other causes prevented the delivery of the monuments till
near the end of the season, and about fifty only were set. A de-
tailed report of operations was made in January, 1882.³
By concurrent resolutions passed June 28-July 1, 1881, the
Chap. 340, Laws of 1880.
2 In the execution of this plan, two kinds of granite monuments were adopted ;
the larger, termed "road monuments," being four and a half feet long, the top
dressed rectangular, six by twelve inches, the letters "N. Y." and "Pa." being
cut on the opposite broad faces, which were to be dressed down twelve inches
from the top. The smaller monuments to replace the mile-stones were to be
dressed six inches square, and both kinds were to have grooves cut on the top,
crossing in the center. The holes were dug four feet deep, and at the bottom of
each monument an unglazed earthenware disc, six inches in diameter, with a
hole in the center, and numbered, was placed, and bedded in surface soil. Only
the dressed portion of the stones appeared above the surface, and in some
cases they were bedded in hydraulic cement.
3 Senate Doc. 20, 1882, pp. 27. In this report each monument, with its markings,
is particularly described.
766
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Commission appointed under chapter 340, 1880, was authorized to
continue the work of erecting monuments, and of ascertaining the
true boundary, as would best serve the interest and convenience of
the State.¹
Under the provisions of the act of 1880, above noticed, an agree-
ment was executed on the 25th of March, 1881, between Henry R.
Pierson, Elias W. Leavenworth and Chauncey M. Depew, on
the part of New York, and Abraham Browning, Thomas M.
Carter and George H. Cook on the part of New Jersey, describing
and fixing the boundary line between these States. The field books,
maps and records relating to the proceedings were filed in duplicate
in the offices of Secretary of State in the two States, and an official
notice of the proceedings was reported to Congress.
These proceedings were confirmed by law, May 23, 1884,2 and a
final report of so much as relates to the New Jersey line was made
March 24, 1884.3 In this report the proceedings of the Commis-
sion, instructions to surveyors, field operations, and final agreement
are given in detail, together with a statement of expenditures and
historical information of much importance. The appendix con-
tains a Historical Sketch of the boundary between the States of
New York and New Jersey, by Mr. Berthold Fernow of the State
Library.
CHAPTER XXXI.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
I. Meteorological Observations at Academies.
At a meeting of the Board of Regents held March 1, 1825, Vice-
Chancellor Simeon De Witt offered a resolution:
"That each of the Academies incorporated by this Board be fur-
nished with a thermometer and pluviometer, or rain-gange, the ex-
pense of which shall be paid out of the funds of the Regents, and
that the Vice-Chancellor, Mr. Lansing and Mr. Greig be a committee
to provide these instruments, and to prescribe the rules for making
observations by them, and the manner in which the accounts of them
shall be kept, reports of which shall be annually made to this Board."
2 Chap. 351, Laws of 1884.
3 Senate Doc. 46, 1884, pp. 137, with maps.
¹ Laws of 1881, p. 965.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
767
On the 12th of April of the same year the following resolution
was adopted:
"Resolved, That in addition to the existing requisites to entitle
the Academies to their dividends of the public fund, it will be con-
sidered necessary that they keep an exact register of observations
made with the thermometers and rain-gauges with which they shall
be furnished, according to the instructions that may be given them
by the committee appointed for that purpose, and that with their an-
nual reports they shall give correct registers of such observations,
and that the Secretary furnish each of the Academies with a copy
of this resolution."
Reports commencing with January, 1826, were continued under
this system, until the end of 1849, and in a few cases to 1850. They
included readings of the thermometer every morning when the de-
gree was lowest, every afternoon when it was highest, and every
evening an hour after sunset. The lowest degree was supposed to
occur generally between the beginning of daylight and sunrise, and
the highest between two and four o'clock in the afternoon. The
thermometers were generally those made by Kendall of New Leb-
anon, and of the Fahrenheit scale. The rain-gauge was measured
not long after the rain was over, and two forms of this instrument
were furnished, a conical one, invented by Simeon De Witt, and one
with a cylindrical tube below a funnel-shaped receiver, and contain-
ing a float, which raised a graduated rod. A tin vessel having the
same area as the rain-gauge was used for receiving the snow fall, and
the contents were melted and measured.
Besides these two classes of instruments, observers were directed
to record the direction of the wind, the aspect of the sky as to
whether clear or cloudy, and every meteorological phenomenon that
came under notice, such as unusual appearances of the sky, halos,
parhelia, auroras, meteors, storms and the like, as also the first ap-
pearance of flowers and leaves, the beginning of haying and harvest-
ing, first autumnal frosts and snows, appearance and departure of
birds of passage, first notice of fire-flies, reptiles, etc.; in short,
whatever might be thought to indicate the progress of the seasons,
or to afford a fact worthy of scientific record.
Although in some cases these records were no doubt made in a
formal way, and without particular interest in the observer, there
were many instances in which they awakened attention in zealous
students of the physical sciences, and secured a record of great value
768
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
for future reference and comparison. It is but due to the memory
of Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, long Principal of the Albany Academy and
Secretary of the Board of Regents, that we should record the exact
and painstaking labors that he performed in supervising this system
of observations, and in preparing the returns for publication in the
annual reports of the Regents. In the earlier years, he was assisted
by Joseph Henry, then a teacher in the Albany Academy, and after-
ward a Professor in Princeton College, and first Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution.¹
The number of years reported by the several academies is shown
by the following table, not including certain special observations
taken with especial care, with the barometer and other instruments
by Prof. Chester Dewey, at Rochester, Prof. James H. Coffin, at
Ogdensburg, and some others, for short periods.
Academies that reported Meteorological Observations under the
System established in 1825.
YEARS REPorted.
NAME.
Entire.
Temperature.
Winds.
Aspect of sky.
Rain-gauge.
Years in which
records were kept.
Albany Academy.
24
24
24
24
24
1826 to 1849.
...
Amenia Seminary.
1
1
1
··
1849.
Auburn Academy...
Bridgewater Academy.
Buffalo L. & S. Academy.
22
22
22
22
22
1827, 8, 9, 30, 32 to 49.
4
4
4
1
2
2
42
4
4
1833, 4, 5, 7.
1
1831, 2.
Cambridge-Wash. Acad..
13
14
14
14
13
1827 to 39, 41.
Canajoharie Academy....
3
2
2
1830, 3, 5.
Canandaigua Academy..
10
10
10
10
10
1828 to 1838.
Cayuga Academy..
7
13
13
13
7
1830, 1, 2, 4, 8, 40, 2 to 6, 50.
Cherry Valley Academy..
14
15
15
15
14
1827 to 36, 41 to 5.
Clinton Academy..
16
17
17
17
16
1827 to 1843.
Cortland Academy..
18
18
18
1832 to 50, ex. 1834.
Delaware Academy.
2
2
2
2
2
1828, 37.
Dutchess County Acad..
14
16
16
16
14
1829 to 36, 41 to 7, 49.
Erasmus Hall...
24
24
24
24
24
1826 to 1849.
Fairfield Academy.
18
19
19
19
18
...
1827, 8, 31, 2, 3, 5 to 45, 47 to 9.
Farmers' Hall.
8
11
11
11
8
1835, 8 to 42, 44, 5, 6, 7, 9.
Franklin Academy (M.)..
3
3
3
3
3
1839, 40, 2.
Franklin Academy (P.). 9
10
10
10
9
O
1829, 30, 9, 40 to 46,
Fredonia Academy.
16
18
...
18
18
16
1830 to 48, ex. 1833.
Gaines Academy..
4
4
4
4
4
1839 to 1842.
Gouverneur Wes. Sem..
9
12
12
12
9
1831 to 45, ex. 36, 7, 40
Granville Academy..
14
14
14
14
14
1835, 6, 38 to 49.
Greenville Academy.
Hamilton Academy..
1
1
1
1
1
...
1826.
17
....
18
17
17
18
1827 to 49, ex. 37, 8.
'In March, 1842, Dr. Charles A. Lee, of New York, addressed a letter to the
Regents strongly urging the addition of Hygrometrical observations, but it was
not done until the introduction of the revised and improved system in 1849.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
769
NAME.
Entire.
TABLE (Continued).
YEARS REPORTED.
Temperature.
Winds.
Aspect of sky.
Rain-gauge.
Years in which
records were kept.
Hudson Academy.
Johnstown Academy.
Hartwick Seminary.....
Ithaca Academy...
Kinderhook Academy……….
14
16
16
16
14
17
17
17
17
17
...
13
17
16
16
13
14
14
14
14
14
1826 to 32, 5, 7, 9, 45 to 50.
1827 to 49, ex. 30, 36 to 41
1827 to 48, ex. 29, 31, 2, 4, 41.
1828 to 44, ex. 30, 3, 9, 40.
17
17
17
17
17
1830 to 1846.
Kingston Academy......
19
19
20
20
19
1829 to 49, ex. 44.
Lansingburgh Academy..
20
20
20
20
20
1826 to 46, ex. 38.
Lewistown H. S. Acad...
12
17
18
18
13
1831 to 48, ex. 38.
Lowville Academy...
18
19
19
19
18
1827 to 39, ex. 34, 6, 8.
Mexico Academy..
11
11
11
11
11
1837, 8, 40 to 6, 8, 9.
Middlebury Academy.
17
19
18
18
17
...
Millville Academy.
6
8
8
8
6
1840 to 1847.
Monroe Academy...
2
3
3
3
2
1835, 6, 9.
Montgomery Academy..
13
13
13
13
13
Mount Pleasant Acad.
12
12
12
12
12
1826 to 48, ex. 36, 7, 8, 47.
1828 to 42, ex. 39, 41.
1831 to 44, ex. 33, 6, 40.
Newburgh Academy..
17
18
18.
15
17
1828 to 49, ex. 30, 1, 7, 41.
N. Y. Inst. Deaf & Dumb.
3
6
5
5
3
1844, 6, 7, 9, 50.
North Salem Academy...
18
19
19
19
18
1829 to 50, ex. 26, 7, 9.
Ogdensburgh Academy.
1
1
1
1
1
1838.
Oneida Conf. Sem...
18
19
18
18
18
1830 to 49, ex. 36.
Oneida Inst. S. & I.
7
7
7
7
7
1834 to 1840.
Onondaga Academy..
Oxford Academy..
16
16
16
16
16
1826 to 44, ex. 30, 1, 4.
•
16
16
17
17
17
1829 to 1844.
Oyster Bay Academy.
1
2
2
2
1
1834, 1837.
Palmyra High School..
1
1
1
1
1
1835.
Plattsburgh Academy...
3
5
5
5
3
1841, 2, 7, 8, 9.
Pompey Academy..
15
17 17
17
15
1826 to 43, ex. 34.
Redhook Academy
10
12
12
12
10
1830 to 42, ex. 38.
Rochester Coll. Inst.
18
19
19
19
18
1830, 33 to 50.
St. Lawrence Academy..
Schenectady Academy...
20
21
21
21
20
1828 to 1848.
2
3
3
3
2
1829, 36, 7.
Springville Academy
7
7
8
2
1834, 5, 9, 42, 3, 7, 9, 50.
...
Syracuse Academy
1
1
1
1
1
1843.
..
Union Hall...
25
25
25
25
25
1826 to 1850.
Utica Academy..
...
Total (62)..
Union Literary Society
Washington Acad. (S.)..
9
9
9
9
9
1830 to 36, ex. 32; 1842, 8, 4.
19
22
22
22
19
1826 to 48, ex. 47.
7
10
10
11
7
1828 to 30, 38 to 47, ex. 39.
682 773
770
772
687
Toward the latter part of the period embraced in these years some
general summaries were included, showing for particular items the
results of a series of years.
In 1850, the editor of this volume, having collected the series of
annual reports of the Regents containing from year to year the sum-
mary of returns, began for his own information, some generalizations
from these tables; but the work soon expanded into an idea of pre-
paring a complete digest of the whole. The thought was suggested
to Dr. T. R. Beck, then Secretary of the Regents, which led to the
following proceedings:
97
770
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
On the 4th of April, 1851, the Secretary communicated two letters
from Dr. Franklin B. Hough, then of Somerville, St. Lawrence
county, in which he proposed to prepare a general summary and
tabular statement of results of the meteorological observations made
by Academies from 1826 to 1849, inclusive.
"The Regents agreed unanimously that the plan proposed by Dr.
Hough, if executed with proper scientific care and fidelity, could not
fail of proving useful and of promoting further advances in the science
of meteorology, while at the same time it would prove a lasting monu-
ment of what the State of New York had already done in that
matter; but the Secretary was directed to inform Dr. Hough that
they had no means and anticipated none, that could be applied in aid
of the above work; that they were extremely doubtful whether even
their recommendation would induce the Legislature to order the pub-
lication of the above work, and at all events, no promises could be
held out on this point. The Regents, however, expressed their
willingness to defray any ordinary expenses that might be incurred
in the preparation of the proposed tabular statements.¹
In transmitting this resolution, the Secretary defined the term
"ordinary expenses" to include the cost of stationery only. With
this "encouragement," and without expectation or promise of any
further compensation, the task was undertaken, finished and delivered;
the bill of items presented and ailowed, being about $12.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science, at its
session held in Albany, 1851, at the writers' request, referred the
subject to a special standing committee for consultation, consisting of
Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, Prof. Arnold Guyot, and Prof. Elias Loomis.2
The writer further acknowledges very material aid in the way of ad-
vice, from the Rev. Chester Dewey, of Rochester, and from Capt.
J. H. Lefroy, then director of the magnetic and meteorological obser-
vatory at Toronto, with both of whom he had much correspondence.
A small appropriation was made in 1852, upon the representation
of Dr. Beck, toward the payment of the two years of labor which
this enterprise had required; the Legislature provided for its publi-
cation in 1854, and it was issued early in 1855, in a quarto volume of
500 pages, with several plates of graphic illustrations and a map.
During the quarter of a century that these records had been kept,
upon a plan devised in 1825, great advancement had been made in
'Minutes of the Regents, V, p. 482.
"Proceedings of A. A. A. S. 1851, pp. 168-397. Regents' report of 1852, pp.
23 and 244-248. Report of 1853, p. 14.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
771
the physical sciences, and the system had fallen behind, in meeting
the requirements of the day. The Regents in their report of 1847,
in alluding to this subject, said:
"It would doubtless promote the cause of meteorological science
and its practical applications, could the present system be so far modi-
fied as to diminish the number of stations and at the same time afford
a greater variety of instruments to observers in well-selected stations.
The Regents continue to entertain the hope, that at some future
period this proposal will meet the favorable consideration of the
Legislature, so far at least as to enable them to make a partial trial
of its effects."
In 1848, alluding to this subject they again remarked :
"On this subject, the Regents hope, before the conclusion of the
session, to present the outlines of a plan better calculated than the
one now adopted, to elucidate the great phenomena of meteorology,
and which are attracting the attention of scientific men in every part
of the civilized world."
To give further weight to their recommendations, the Regents, in
their report of 1849, published a translation of the official instruc-
tions prepared by Dr. Mahlmann, of Berlin, for making meteorological
observations throughout the kingdom of Prussia. They again urged
the importance of a revision of the system, and alluded to the
measure then being undertaken under the Smithsonian Institution
for reporting simultaneous meteorological observations throughout
the United States, as an indication of the growth of knowledge upon
this subject.
In 1849,¹ the Legislature, in compliance with the above repeated
requests, granted money for the purchase of improved meteorological
instruments, and the Regents employed Prof. Arnold Guyot, then of
Cambridge, Mass., to visit the stations to be selected, and instruct
observers in their management.
The instruments for each station consisted of a barometer, ther-
mometer, rain and snow-gauges, and a wind-gauge or vane, and in
several of them a psychrometer. The barometers, made by James
Green, in New York, were carefully compared with a standard in-
strument by Newman of London. Thermometers by the same maker
Chap. 301, Laws of 1849, appropriated $1,500 a year, for two years, for this
object from the income of the United States Deposit Fund. Other small appro-
priations were afterward made for the purchase of instruments and a trifling
salary to observer.
772
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Rain gauges
and likewise compared with standard instruments.
made by M. M. Pike & Son, of New York, and the other instruments
required for an outfit were conveyed to the places for observation
and put up with the greatest care.
In selecting places for stations, upon a study of the map, and a
consideration of the topographical features of the State, it was decided
to divide the whole area into five regions having regard in this to
the natural features of the country, and similarity of conditions.
These regions and the stations selected in them were as follows:
1. Southern or Maritime Region. Stations: Rutgers' Female
Institute (N. Y. City); Erasmus Hall (Flatbush); Deaf and
Dumb Institution (N. Y. City); and North Salem.
2. Eastern, or Region of the Highlands and Catskill Mountains,
with the valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk. Stations: New-
burgh, Hudson and Albany.
3. Northern, or the Region of the Adirondack Mountains, isolated
by the deep valleys of the Mohawk, Lake Champlain, St. Lawrence
and Lake Ontario. Stations: Canajoharie, Cherry Valley and Utica.
4. Western, or the Region of the Western Plateau, with the
small lakes, and the sources of the rivers. Stations: Pompey Hill,
Seneca Falls, Rochester, Ithaca, Geneva College, Buffalo and
Lewiston.
5. The Region of the Great Lakes, Erie and Ontario. This had
not been provided for at the time of Prof. Guyot's report.
Subsequently through the advice and in some cases the assis-
tance of the Smithsonian Institution, observations were under-
taken by volunteer observers, at many places at which there were no
Academies, but duplicate returns were made, one to the Regents and
the other to the Smithsonian Institution, from which the blanks were
supplied. For several years a small appropriation was made for
Academic observers; but the system having grown to be a national
one, it was finally decided to leave the field altogether for the better
management of the whole, under one direction
In the meantime, a miscellaneous Meteorological Appendix, was
published for several years in the annual reports of the Regents, the
greater part contributed by persons who had acquired the habit of
observation under the old system; but no attempt whatever was
made to reduce to systematic form, the considerable amount of
material which accumulated in the Regents' office.
These were turned over to the writer, without any special appoint-
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
773
ment, and wholly without the subsidy which had been promised by
Dr. Beck, when the former volume was undertaken.
The work was digested, tabulated and prepared for publication; and
the Regents for several successive years, directed the attention of the
Legislature to the importance of placing it in form for convenient.
use. In 1870, authority was granted for this purpose and a second
series, covering the period from 1850 to 1863, with records of rain-
fall and other phenomena to 1871, inclusive, was published in style
uniform with the former volume in 1872. It forms a neatly printed
quarto volume of 406 pages, with a small State map. The number
of stations for several years was about thirty; but these diminished
at a later period, until in 1863 there were but five.
It should not be inferred from this that the general interest in
this subject had declined. It had simply passed from State to Na-
tional control, and has since matured in the Signal Service of the
War Department.
The State Agricultural Society, through its Executive Committee,
applied for a summary of the results of the former series, which was
prepared by the writer, and included in its report for 1855,¹
*:
In 1842 a bill was introduced in the Senate, entitled "An act to
bring into general use the Centigrade Thermometer," and on the
9th of February, 1842, it was referred to the Regents, and by them
to a committee composed of the Chancellor, Mr. Hawley and Mr.
Campbell for consideration.
The committee reported adversely to a change, although they ad-
mitted the convenience of a centigrade scale.
To complete this notice of the publications upon meteorology re-
sulting from the plans adopted by the Regents, it may be mentioned
that the Phænological records made under the improved system in-
troduced in 1850 were reported upon separate blanks, and were not
included in either of the volumes above noticed. The returns of
this class from the several States and Territories of the United
States, and from some foreign countries, including those of about
forty stations in the State of New York, and including the period
¹ Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, vol. XV, 1855 pp.
189-236.
A separate edition of this article was published in 1857, entitled " Essay on the
Climate of the State of New York. Prepared at the Request of the Executive
Committee of the State Agricultural Society, and published in the Fifteenth Vol-
ume of their Transactions By Franklin B. Hough." 1857.
1857. 8vo. pp. 48, with
the same diagrams and maps that had been used in the large volume.
774
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
from 1851 to 1859 inclusive, were placed in the writer's hands by
Professor Henry in 1862, and prepared under a contract with the
Smithsonian Institution, as a part of the General Results of Meteor-
ological observations, prepared by Professor James H. Coffin, and
published by order of the Senate of the United States, in 1864.¹
While these Meteorological Records were in course of publication
in the Annual Reports of the Regents, through a period of nearly
forty years, many other subjects of scientific interest were included
in the Appendix, which thus in a manner became a general reposi-
tory of information of popular interest, but chiefly in relation to the
physical sciences. The whole of this series has been carefully ex-
amined during the current year by the editor of this volume, and
separate references made to each article, forming in fact a general
index to the whole. This has been done as part of a more general
work undertaken at the request of the Chief of the Signal Service of
the War Department, and will be included in an extended biliograph-
ical work relating to Meteorology, which that. officer has in course of
preparation for the press.
II. Observations upon the Variation of the Magnetic Needle.
In the report from Geneva College, made in January, 1832, there
occurred the following suggestion with reference to observations
upon magnetic variations.
"I also beg leave to present for the consideration of the Honor-
able Board of Regents, the propriety of directing that a course of
magnetic experiments be made at each of the chartered colleges in
the State for the purpose of determining the daily and annual varia-
tion of the declination and inclination of the magnetic needle, and
also the magnetic intensity. The importance of this subject cannot
be doubted if we consider the uses to which it is applied.
The directive power of the magnet, although by no means con-
stant, either at the same time at different places, or at different times
at the same place, yet has been and probably will continue to be em-
ployed very extensively in fixing the limits of a large proportion of
landed estates in the country; besides the interest of science will be
essentially promoted by repeated and accurate observations simul-
taneously made in different parts of the State. Observations of this
kind, in order to be useful, should be systematically and frequently
¹ Observations upon Periodical Phenomena of Plants and Animals, from 1851
to 1859, with tables of the Dates of Opening and Closing of Lakes, Rivers, Har
bors, etc. Arranged by Franklin B. Hough, M. D. 4to. pp. 232. Included in
Vol. 2, Part 1 of Results of Meteorological Observations, 1854 to 1859.
Ex. Doc.,
1st Sess. 56th Cong.
·
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS.
775
made and recorded for the purpose of comparison and investigation.
There is no method of accomplishing this object so effectually as by
directions from the Board of Regents to whom returns should be
regularly made, somewhat similar to those prescribed for the Acade-
mies in relation to meteorology."
This communication was referred to the Chancellor, Mr. Dix and
Mr. Bleecker, who reported on the 28th of March-
"That it is very desirable that observations should be annually made
on the variation of the needle, inasmuch as the boundaries of lands
are usually described according to the courses indicated by the needle,
and there are no rules by which its variation can be ascertained, for
any interval of time, according to which such bounds may be re-
traced where the land-marks have been obliterated. But as the
Regents are not invested with the power of enjoining the making
of such observations on the Colleges and Academies placed under
their supervision, the committee are of opinion that it ought to be
recommended to them to institute courses of such observations and
make annual reports thereof to the Regents, and that a committee
be appointed to address the trustees of the Colleges and Academies
in this State on this subject, stating their opinion of the manner in
which, for the sake of accuracy and uniformity, the observations ought
to be made."
To facilitate these observations, and secure uniformity of methods,
the Regents issued a circular with plain instructions for determining
the true meridian by observing the pole star at time of greatest
azimuth, and with the aid of a surveyor's compass.
As a part of the work intended to be effected in the determina-
tion of the true meridian, and observations upon magnetic variation,
it was proposed to establish with the greatest possible accuracy, in
connection with every College and Academy, a permanent meridian
line for the more easy determination of the variation of the com-
pass by a simple reading of the instrument from time to time. As
the surveys of the country were almost without exception recorded
from magnetic observations only, such a work would be beneficial in
settling controversies about land-marks, but would also serve a val-
uable purpose in science. This, however, was never done, except-
ing perhaps in few exceptional cases, of which no permanent record
is made.
DETERMINATIONS OF LONgitude.
In 1857 and 1858, sums of $2,000 each were appropriated for the
purpose of determining the true meridian of important points in the
776
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
State, under the direction of the Regents of the University. The
duty was assigned to Professor C. H. F. Peters, of Hamilton Col-
lege, who reported with respect to certain points in Buffalo, Elmira,
Ogdensburg and Syracuse, and of the western boundary of the
State in the years 1862, 1864, 1865 and 1866.
CHAPTER XXXII.
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS; INDIAN HISTORY; COм-
MEMORATIVE PROCEEDINGS.
In order to present a connected account of the charge intrusted
to the Regents of the University in respect to the custody of His-
torical Records, and the publication of certain portions, it will be
necessary to notice the origin of measures for the collection of our
Colonial History, and the proceedings had in their publication
before they were transferred to their present charge.
In 1839 the New York Historical Society addressed to the Legis-
lature a memorial, recommending measures for procuring copies of
records and papers relating to the history of New York while a
colony. On the 5th of February of that year, this was com-
municated by Governor Seward to the Legislature, with his ap-
proval, and on the 2d of May an act was passed authorizing him to
appoint, with the consent of the Senate, an agent to visit England,
Holland and France, for the purpose of procuring, if possible, the
originals, if not copies of all such documents and papers in the
archives and offices of those governments, as related to or in any
way affected the colonial or other history of this State, as he might
deem important to illustrate that history.
The sum of $4,000 was appropriated for expenses, and Mr. John
Romeyn Brodhead was appointed as agent. The appropriation was
increased $3,000 in 1842, and $5,000 in 1843.
Several communications were received from Mr. Brodhead, in-
forming as to the progress of his researches, and a final report in
¹ Assembly Doc. 153, 1839.
2
2 Doc. "C," accompanying the Governor's Message, second meeting of Legisla-
ture, 1842. Senate Doc. 106, 1842.
Also Doc. “A,” with annual message of 1843. Senate Doc. 2; Assembly Doc.
3, 1843.
A highly censorious report was made by a select committee of the Senate
upon this subject in 1844, Senate Doc. 42, 1844.
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS.
777
February, 1845.¹ No original records were returned, but sixteen
volumes of copies from originals were obtained in Holland, forty-
seven in London, and seventeen in Paris. They were neatly bound
and placed in the office of the Secretary of State.
The "
Supply Bill" of 1848,2 appropriated $600 to the Secretary
of State to pay for extra clerk hire in collecting documents and
papers belonging to the State, connected with its history, and trans-
lating the same. Under this authority, Dr. Edmund B. O'Callaghan
was appointed, and on the 4th of January, 1849, the Secretary
transmitted a report.3
By Legislative resolutions subsequently passed, a series of four
volumes known as the "Documentary History of New York,”
with sundry maps and illustrations, was issued in octavo, and in
quarto, from 1849 to 1851, in very large editions, and portions of
the material collected by Mr. Brodhead were included, the remainder
being from unpublished State records and other sources.
In 1849 an act was passed providing for the publication of the
papers collected by Mr. Brodhead entire, under the direction of the
Governor, Secretary of State and Comptroller, who were authorized
to employ some suitable person to translate such portions as were in
foreign languages, and to contract for the printing. Under this
authority the series of ten quarto volumes entitled "Documents
relating to the Colonial History of New York," and commonly cited
as "Colonial History of New York," was published.
Of these, volumes 1 and 2, containing translations of the Holland
Documents, were published in 1856-8. Volumes 3 to 8, containing
the London Documents, were published in 1853-7; and volumes 9
and 10, being translations from the Paris Documents, were pub-
lished in 1855-8. The editorial labors were performed by Dr.
O'Callaghan, who prepared a general index to the whole series, pub-
lished in 1861 as a separate volume, known as "Volume II."
During the publication of this work an act was passed April 12,
1856,5 transferring the supervision of its completion to the Regents
of the University, and providing for its distribution; partly as
literary exchanges, and the remainder for sale. At the end of six
months, the volumes remaining were to be kept in the custody of
the Regents, subject to the future action of the Legislature.
¹ Senate Doc. 47, 1845, p. 376.
4
2 Chap. 260, Laws of 1848 (§ 6).
³ Assembly Journal, 1849, p. 52.
Chap. 175, p. 236, Laws of 1849, passed March 30th.
5 C'hap. 168, p. 262, Laws of 1856.
98
778
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
In 1877,¹ an appropriation was made for printing a twelfth volume
of the series which was edited by Mr. Berthold Fernow, under the
direction of the Secretary of State, and was printed in that year.²
In 1881, a second volume of this series (Vol. XIII) was printed
under the direction of the Secretary of State.³
In 1883 a third volume of the new series (Vol. XIV) was printed
under the same direction.¹
By an act passed April 19, 1881,5 the following records were trans-
ferred from the office of the Secretary of State to the care of the
Regents, as Trustees of the State Library:
Dongan's Laws. 1 volume.
Bills which failed to become laws, from 1685 to 1732. 2 volumes.
Colonial Manuscripts, Dutch, English, etc. 103 volumes.
Historical Documents procured by State agent in Europe. 80
volumes.
Various Colonial Orders in Council, Letters, Council Minutes and
Treasury Warrants. 50 volumes.
Marriage Bonds. 40 volumes.
Indentures of Palatine Children. 1 volume.
Indian Traders' Bonds. 2 volumes.
Original Dutch Patents. 2 volumes.
Minutes of the Commissioners to settle the boundaries between
Massachusetts and Rhode Island in 1741. 1 volume.
Chap. 128, p. 138, Laws of 1877.
2 This volume is entitled "Documents relating to the History of the Dutch and
Swedish Settlements on the Delaware River." Translated and Compiled from
Original Manuscripts in the Office of the Secretary of State, and in the Royal
Archives at Stockholm. By B. Fernow, Keeper of the Historical Records." Al-
bany, 1877. 4to. pp. 669.
3" Documents relating to the History and Settlements of the Towns along the
Hudson and Mohawk Rivers (with the exception of Albany), from 1630 to 1684;
and also illustrating the Relations of the Settlers with the Indians. Translated,
Compiled and Edited from the Original Records in the Office of the Secretary of
State, at Albany, and other sources, under the direction of the Honble Joseph B.
Carr, Secretary of State. By B. Fernow, Keeper of the Historical Records, Hon.
Member Penn Historical Society." Albany, 1881. 4to. pp. 617.
4" Documents relating to the History of the Early Colonial Settlements, princi-
pally on Long Island, with a map of its Western Part, made in 1666. Translated,
Compiled and Edited from the Original Records in the Office of the Secretary of
State, and the State Library, under the direction of the Honble Joseph B. Carr, Sec-
retary of State. By B. Fernow, Keeper of the Historical Records, Cor. and Hon.
Member of the Penna, New York, Virginia and Buffalo Historical Societies. Al-
bany, 1883. 4to. pp. 799.
5 Chap. 120, Laws of 1881.
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS.
779
Minutes of the Commissioners to re-examine the controversy be-
tween Connecticut and the Mohegan Indians in 1743. 1 volume.
Evidence in vindication of the territorial rights of New York
against the claims of the New England Colonies in 1750. 1 volume.
Papers relating to the Vermont Controversy (1777 to 1795). 2
volumes.
Revolutionary Papers. 45 volumes.
Minutes of the Council of Appointment (1777 to 1821). 14 vol-
umes.
Files relating to the Proceedings of the Council of Appointment
(unbound).
Minutes of the Council of Revision (1777 to 1824). 5 volumes.
Assembly Papers (1777 to 1831). 43 volumes.
Miscellaneous Papers relating to the Frontiers, Neversink Navi-
gation Company, Onondaga Salt Works, Canadian Sympathizers,
Anti-Rent War, Dowen Fonda Claim, Boundaries, Holland Land
Company, etc. 4 volumes.
Onondaga Claims. 1 volume.
Onondaga Salt Springs (1810 to 1812.) 4 volumes.
Files of Election Returns, unbound (1800 to 1837).
Such other manuscripts as the Secretary of State might deem as
of only historical interest, and desirable to be thus transferred to
the care of the Trustees of the State Library.
Also the following records from the Comptroller's office :
Accounts of Certificates Issued by the State Treasurer in the
Time of the Revolution, 10 volumes.
Quarter-Masters' Accounts During the Revolutionary War, 3
volumes.
Pay-rolls of Revolutionary Prisoners and State Agent's Certifi-
cates, 1 volume.
Pay-rolls of the New York Line in 1781, 1 volume.
Manifest Books, New York Custom House, 1737 to 1774, 33
volumes.
Entry Books, 1728 to 1769, 10 volumes.
Ship-Master's Bonds, 1750 to 1764, 7 volumes.
Sales of Property Belonging to Beverly Robinson and other Tories
1777 to 1779, 1 volume.
Accounts of forfeited Property Taken in Westchester County,
1782, 1 volume.
Such other records as the Comptroller might deem advisable.
Copies of any of the above records certified under the hand of
the Secretary of the Board of Regents and under their seal, may be
used in evidence in all courts within the State with the same force
and effect as the original. The Regents are to appoint a person to
780
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
take charge of these records, the same as formerly authorized under
the Secretary of State. This act took effect October 1, 1881.
Mr. Fernow, who has charge of these records now in the new State
Capitol, is employed under the direction of the Regents in prepar-
ing other portions for publication. Considerable additions have
been made from time to time by the recovery of manuscripts prop-
erly belonging to the State, which had got separated, and in the pro-
curing of others that have a close relation to our history.
The report on the State Library at the beginning of 1884, notices
the accession during the year previous of many thousand pages of
manuscripts which had belonged chiefly to Governor George Clinton,
and many of them to Governor De Witt Clinton. They consisted
of a large quantity of correspondence with men of eminence through-
out the United States. These additions will double the number of
the former series of twenty-three volumes of the Clinton Papers,
but are not of equal value.
A proposition for the collection of the aboriginal geographical
names relating to places within the State of New York, with their
signification, was submitted to the Regents by Henry R. Schoolcraft,
in a letter dated February 6, 1843,' and was by them referred to the
Legislature as an object worthy of encouragement. It was proposed
as a rule that where these names had been fixed by usage, or legal
enactments, that no attempt should be made to vary the orthography,
but that in the case of those which were still unsettled, a uniform
system of notation should be adopted, differing as little as possible
from the common mode, or the ordinary pronunciation of the vowel
sounds in English.
It was thought probable that the origin or meaning of these
names, along the banks of the Hudson below Albany, might have
already in some instances disappeared, although for the most part,
the descendants of the native tribes in other sections of the State,
had preserved their language as fully as they existed in 1600 when
the country was wholly uninhabited by Europeans.
Mr. Schoolcraft was subsequently appointed by the Secretary of
State, to make a special report upon the Indians of New York, in
connection with the census of 1845. His report contains a large
amount of information upon the history and traditions of the Indian
C
1
¹ Report of Regents, 1843, p. 12.
2
Appointed under section 15, chap 140, 1845. Report given in Senate Doc. No.
24, 1846, pp. 271.
HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS.
781
tribes still existing, and in relation to the traces left by races that
had passed away.
The late Lewis H. Morgan, of Rochester, whose researches in the
line of Indian archæology and primitive languages have rendered
his name familiar in the scientific world, undertook, at the expense
of the State, and under the auspices of the Regents, about 1848-50,
the collection of specimens of Indian fabrics and manufactures, as
made at the present time, in which some of the appliances of civil-
ized life are employed to decorate and improve upon the simple arts
of aboriginal times. These collections are preserved in the State
Museum, and figures and descriptions were published in the early re-
ports of the Regents upon the State Cabinet. The Regents have
at various times, published in their Cabinet Reports, maps of sur-
veys of Indian earth-works, and descriptions of antiquities relating
to our aboriginal period, of which there are only historical traces
that remain.
In the opening address of Chancellor Pruyn, at the Regents' Con-
vocation in July, 1876, he alluded to the celebration of the centennial
anniversary of the battle of Saratoga as an object deserving of at-
tention. Resolutions were passed recommending the subject to the
Legislature.
In the next annual report, allusion is made to the proceedings to
be held on the 17th of October, 1877, and the hope was expressed
that the State would not fail duly to honor both the event and the
distinguished services then rendered by General Philip Schuyler,
one of the original members of the Board of Regents, who had con-
tributed largely to the success of the event then to be celebrated."
¹ In 1879 a volume was published under the direction of the Secretary of State,
pursuant to concurrent resolutions of the Legislature of 1878, and chapter 391 of
the Laws of 1879, containing an account of several centennial celebrations that
had been held in 1876 and 1877, viz. :
Proceedings of the New York Historical Society, with the address of Charles
O'Connor on the adoption of the Constitution, February 6, 1877. Proceedings
at Kingston; First formation of a State Government; The Battle of Oriskany;
Centennial of August 6, 1877; Battle of Bemis Heights; Centennial of September
19, 1877, laying the corner stone of a monument to David Williams, one of the
Captors of André; Schoharie, September 23, 1876; Burgoyne's surrender ;
Celebration at Schuylerville, October 17, 1877; Cherry Valley Massacre; Celebra-
tion of the unveiling of a monument at Cherry Valley, August 15, 1877; The
Old Capitol; The New Capitol; Historical and commemorative proceedings re-
lating to the former and to the occupation of the New Capitol.
782
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
FROM 1784
TO 1884, INCLUSIVE, INCLUDING THOSE WHO HELD THE OFFICE EX
OFFICIO AS WELL AS THOSE ELECTED BY THE LEGISLATURE.
NAMES.
Residences.
Office by virtue
of which they were
Regents.
Years in which
they held the
office of Regent.
Alvord, Thomas G........
Ballard, Horatio.....
Banckner, Abraham…………………….
Barlow, Francis C……………………..
Beach, Allen C…………………..
"
Beach, Daniel........
Beeckman, John Jacob..
Benedict, Erastus C...
Benson, Egbert.………………………….
...
Benton, Nathaniel S.
Bigelow, John……………………….
Bleecker, Harmanus.
Booth, James H..
Bostwick, William L.....
Bouck, William C.
66
Bradish, Luther...
Brevoort, J. Carson .......
Broome, John......
Bryant, William C.
Buel, David.....
Buel, Jesse.....
.....
.....
Buel, Samuel.....
Burrows, Lorenzo.
Butler, Benjamin F.......
Campbell, John N.....
Campbell, Robert, Jr......
Campbell, Williami.
Carr, Joseph B........
Carr, Nathan (see Kerr, N.)
Cheever, George B....
Church, Sanford E.
Clark, Myron H......
Clarkson, Matthew.....
Cleveland, Grover....
Clinton, De Witt..
Clinton, George
.........
Clinton, George W.....
Clinton, James.
Cochran, John.
Coe, Jonas........
Cornell, Alonzo B.
Corning, Erastus.
Curtis, George William..
Cushman, John P.......
Delaplaine, Joseph.
Depew, Chauncey M.
DeWitt, John..
De Witt, Simeon
Dickinson, Daniel S..
Dix, John A........
1
46
66
Doll, J. L.......
Dongan, John C........
Dorsheimer, William
Duane, James..
Elison, Thomas..
Elmendorf, Lucas........
Fenton, Reuben E.
Fish, Hamilton.
..
...
•
Syracuse, Onondaga Co........
Cortland Village,Cortland Co.
Richmond Co........
New York city..........
Watertown, Jefferson Co.....
Watkins, Schuyler Co......
Albany, Albany Co.....
New York city........
Jamaica, Queens Co......
Little Falls, Herkimer Co
Highland Falls, Orange Co...
Albany, Albany Co.....
New York city.
Ithaca, Tompkins Co........
Gilboa, Schoharie Co.....
New York city.
Brooklyn, Kings Co.........
New York city.
....
Governor................
1
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
.....
Lieutenant-Governor
Secretary of State.....
Secretary of State..
Lieutenant-Governor
Secretary of State......
1865-66
1862-63
1784-87
1866-67
1869-72
1878-79
1885
Mayor of Albany.
1784-86
1855-81
Attorney-General
1784-87
1787-92
Secretary of State..
1845-46
1876-77
1822-34
1873-77
1876-84
1843-44
1845-47
1839-42
1861-85
1804-10
1858
1842-60
1826-40
1784-87
1858-85
………..
1829-32
1851-64
1846-71
1833-45
1880-84
1859-61
1851-54
1855-56
1784-1826
1883-84
1808-25
1824-28
1784-95, 1801-04
1856-84
1781-87
Roslyn, Queens Co......
Troy, Rensselaer Co........
Albany, Albany Co.
Bridgehampton, Suffolk Co...
Albion, Orleans Co........
Albany, Albany Co….....
Bath, Steuben Co.........
Cherry Valley, Otsego Co......
Troy, Rensselaer Co......
New York city.
Albion, Orleans Co.......
Canandaigua, Ontario Co......
Kings Co......
Buffalo, Erie Co......
New York city.
--,
..
66
Buffalo, Erie Co......
Little Britain.(then) Ulster Co
New York city.
...
Troy, Rensselaer Co.
New York city....
Albany, Albany Co.......
W. New Brighton, S. I…....
Troy, Rensselaer Co.
New York city.
(See note *).
.......
Secretary of State...
Lieutenant-Governor
Governor……………………….
•
Governor.
(See note t)....
Governor...………………..
Governor.
.........
Peekskill, Westchester Co.....] Secretary of State....
New York city..
Albany, Albany Co.......
.....
Binghamton, Broome Co...... Lieutenant-Governor
Albany, Albany Co..
New York city.
66
1
64
....
Ulster Co..
Buffalo, Erie Co........
Governor.
1784-87, 1796-1820
1796
1880-82
1833-72
1864-84
1830-34
1784-87
1864-65
1877-84
.....
1817-23
1798-1835
1843-44
1831-46
1873-74
1876-78
1784-87
1784-87
1875-79
1784-87
1797-1803
1805-22
1865-68
Lieutenant-Governor
1848
• •
Governor.
1849-50
1877-84
1784-87
1808-13
Lieutenant-Governor
1845-17
1784-87
Lieutenant-Governor
Mayor of New York.........
Jamestown, Chautauqua Co.. Governor.
Richmond Co.
New York city...
Albany, Albany Co.....
Kingston, Ulster Co...
.....
....
New York city...
Rochester, Monroe Co....
Ganoe, John...
Gansevoort, Peter, Jr.
New York city.......
Albany, Albany Co……...
Gardiner, Addison...
Garrison, IIarmanus………………...
Rochester, Monroe Co
Richmond Co.......
*Lieutenant-Governor in 1859-62.
† Lieutenant-Governor 1811-13; Governor 1817-22 and 1824-28.
Fitch, Charles E
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REGENTS.
783
TABLE(Continued).
NAMES.
Gelston, David.
George, Augustus C......
Gilmour, Neil....
Goodwin, William H....
Graham, John Lorimer....
Greig, John......
Griswold, John A...
Gros, Johan Daniel.........
Hale, Robert S..........
Hamilton Alexander..
Hammond, Jabez D
Haring, John ……………….
Harpur, Robert
Harris, Hamilton
Hathorn, John..
Hawley, Gideon.
Headley, Joel T.....
Hill, David B.
..
.....
Hoffman, Anthony.
Hoffman, John T.......
Hoskins, George G.
Humfrey, Cornelius..
Hunt, Washington
Jay, John.........
....
Jenkins, Elisha………………..
....
Johnson, Alexander S........
Jones, David R. Floyd.
66
Jones, Thomas....
Kelly, Robert
Kent, James ...
........
Kernan, Francis..
Kerr, Nathan…....
Keyes, Emerson W........
King, Andrew
King, James..
King, John A..
Kunze, Johan Ch....
Lansing, John, Jr.
.
Lawrence, John
Lawrence, Thomas
Leavenworth, Elias W.
Lewis, John L.
Lewis, Morgan.…….
L’Homedieu, Ezra.
Lispenard, Leonard...
Livingston, Edward P.
Livingston, Gilbert
......
Livingston, Henry Brockholst.
Livingston, James..
Livingston, John H..
Livingston, Peter R...
Livingston, Walter R.....
Lloyd, John, Jr...
Lockwood, Ebenezer………………..
Luckey, Samuel......
Lynn, William.........
McCrea, John..............
McDonald, John
Mc Kelway, St. Clair
McKnight, Charles......
McKown, James..
McLean. John.
Marcy, William L..
...
Mason, John…...
Moore, Benjamin
Morgan, Christopher
Morgan, Edwin D……….
Morris, Lewis..
Nelson, Homer A.
Oliver, William M...
O'Sullivan, John L..
Ottendorfer, Oswald...
Paige, John Keyes.
Parker, Amasa J.
Parks, Isaac.…………………..
Residences.
Bridgehampton, Suffolk Co..
Syracuse, Onondaga Co.........
Ballston, Saratoga Co..........
Geneva Ontario Co......
New York city.........
Canandaigua, Ontario Co......
Troy, Rensselaer Co.......
New York city.....
....
Elizabethtown, Essex Co......
New York city.....
Cherry Valley, Otsego Co......
Orangetown(then) Orange Co
New York city....
Albany, Albany Co..
Warwick, Orange Co..
Albany, Albany Co....
·
Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co….......
New York city.....
Attica, Wyoming Co....
Dutchess Co.
Lockport, Niagara Co.....
New York city...
Hudson, Columbia Co.......
Utica, Oneida Co.........
Office by virtue
of which they were
Regents.
Speaker of Assembly.......
....
Supt. of Public Inst....
Governor.........
Lieutenant-Governor
Governor......
...
Governor.
Years in which
they held the
office of Regent.
1784-85
1876-77
1874-83
1865-76
1830-34
1825-58
1869-73
1784-87
1859-81
1784-87
1845-56
1784-87
1784-87
1885
Speaker of Assembly
1784
1842-71
New Windsor. Orange Co....
Elmira, Chemung Co....
Secretary of State..
1856-57
Lieutenant-Governor
1883-84
Governor...
1885
1784-87
1869-72
1880-82
1784-87
1851-52
1784-87
1787-90
1795-1801
•
1807-49
1864-74
1860-61
1863-64
1784-87
1856
1800-17
1870-84
1784-1804
Acting Supt. of Pub. Inst.
1861-62
1787-1816
1823-42
Governor....
1857-58
1784-87
.........
Mayor of Albany.*
1786-87
1817-30
1784-87
1784-87
Secretary of State.
1854-55
1861-84
1871-84
1784-87
1804-07
1784-1811
1784-87
1827-31
1831-32
1784-87
1784-87
....
1784-97
1784-87
South Oyster Bay, Queens Co Secretary of State....
•
New York city…....
Utica, Oneida Co..
Goshen, Orange Co
Albany, Albany Co.......
Montgomery, Orange Co..
Albany, Albany Co
Jamaica, Queens Co.
New York city...
Albany, Albany Co..
New York city..
Jamaica, Queens Co.......
Syracuse, Onondaga Co.
46
Penn Yan, Yates Co.
New York city…..
Lieutenant-Governor
....
...
...
.....
Governor....
Southold, Suffolk Co...........
New York city...
Clermont, Columbia Co.......
--, Dutchess Co......
New York city.....
Johnstown (then) Mont. Co..
New York city.....
Rhinebeck, Dutchess Co....
Albany Co........
Queens Co.
•
....
Poundridge, Westchester Co.
Rochester, Monroe Co.
Albany, Albany Co.
Washington Co.
Albany, Albany Co.
Brooklyn, Kings Co..
New York city.....
Albany, Albany Co.....
Salem, Washington Co...
Albany, Albany Co
66
New York city....
.....
Auburn, Cayuga Co.........
New York city.....
Morrisania, Westchester Co.
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co..
Penn Yan, Yates Co....………….
New York city.....
66
.
Gilboa, Schoharie Co...
.....
Delhi, Delaware Co.....
Lieutenant-Governor
.......
Acting Lieut. Governor....
.....
1828
1784-87
1784-87
1784-87
.....
...
1847-70
1787-1808
1784-87
1787-96
1883-84
1784-87
1834-47
1835-59
1823-29
1833-33
1784-87
1787-1802
Secretary of State..
Governor......
1848-51
1859-62
1784-98
Secretary of State
Acting Lieut. -Governor.
1868-71
18.0
1846-55
.....
1870-73
·
1829-58
1835-41
1857-69
Governor.
.....
Cambridge, Washington Co..
*Speaker of Assembly, 1786.
...
.......
784
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
NAMES.
TABLE —— (Continued).
Residences.
Office by virtue
of which they were
Regents.
Years in which
they held the
office of Regent.
Patterson, George W……..
Pell, William, Jr.....
Perkins, George R...........
Pierson, Henry R.
Pitcher, Nathaniel.......
Platt, Zephaniah……………..
Porter, Peter B......
Provost, Samuel.........
Pruyn, John V. L.......
Randall, Henry S...
Rankin, Robert G...
Raymond, Henry J.......
Reid, Whitelaw............
Rice, Victor M…………………..
Robinson, John C..........
Robinson, Lucius.........
Rodgers, John...........
Romayn, Nicholas
Romain, Thomas...
Romeyn, Dirck..........
Root, Erastus..................
Ruggles, William B....
Russell, Ebenezer…………………………..
Russell, Joseph
Russell, Leslie W...
Rutherford, John.....
Rutgers, Henry.
Schuyler, Philip..
Scott, John Morin.
Scribner, G. Hilton....
Seixas, Gershom.
Selden, Charles.........
Selden, Henry R......
Seward, William H.
Seymour, Horatio.
Sheldon, Alexander.........
Smith. Caleb..
Smith, Charles E......
Smith, Nathan......
Southwick, Solomon.
Spencer, Ambrose.........
Spencer, John C…………………………………………..
Steuben, Frederick Wm. de....
Suydam, John………………………..
Sylvester, Peter......
Talcott, Samuel A.........
Tallmadge, James...
Tappen, Christopher.
Tayler, John……………..
Thompson, James...
Thompson, Smith.
Throop, Enos T.....
•
Tilden, Samuel J....
Tompkins, Daniel D........
Tompkins, Jonathan G.
Townsend, James…………………...
Townsend, Martin I..
Tracy, John.....
Treat, Malachi..
Troup, Robert...........
Tucker, Gideon J
Turner, Henry E
Upson, Anson J....
....
Van Brunt, Rutger....
Van Buren, Martin………………………..
Van Cortland, Pierre.................
Vanderbilt, John............
Van Dyck, Henry H......
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah.
Van Rensselaer, Philip S.………..
Van Rensselaer, Stephen....
•
Van Vechen, Abraham
Varick, Richard......
Verplanck, Gulian
•
Westfield, Chautauqua Co.... Lieutenant-Governor.....
Pelham, Westchester Co.......
Utica, Oneida Co………………………..
Albany, Albany Co………..
Sandy Hill, Washington Co.. Lieutenant-Governor..
Plattsburgh, Clinton Co.....
Niagara Falls, Niagara Co......
New York city......
.....
Albany, Albany Co.....
Cortland Village, Cort. Co....
Astoria, Queens Co*.......
New York city.
•
Buffalo, Erie Co...
Binghamton, Broome Co.......
Elmira, Chemung Co..........
New York city....
Montgomery Co...........
Schenectady (then) Alb. Co.
Delhi, Delaware Co.........
Bath, Steuben Co........
Salem, Washington Co.........
Troy, Rensselaer Co........
Canton, St. Lawrence Co..
New York city
......
Albany, Albany Co......
New York city
....
Secretary of State..
G
Lieutenant-Governor....
Supt. Pub. Instruction...
Lieutenant-Governor…………..
Governor..………………….
Lieutenant-Governor..
•
...
Lieutenant-Governor.....
1877-79
1849-50
1784-87
1862-77
1872-84
1827-28
1791-1808
1824-30
1784-87
1849-78
........
1852-53
•
1847-79
1855-56
1878-84
1854-57, 1862-68
1873-74
1784-1812
1784-87
1784-87
1787-96
1823-24
Supt. Pub. Instruction...
1883-84
1784-1813
1839-45
1874-84
1784-87
1802-26
1787-1805
Secretary of State.
1784-87
66
1872-73
1784-87
1803-17
1857-58
1839-40
1853-54, 1863-64
1807-17
1784-87
1879-81
1809-22
..
1812-23
1805-17
1840-44
1787-94
1829-35
1787-1809
1823-29
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co..| Lieutenant-Governor.
1825-26
Kingston. Ulster Co.
1784-87
(See note t)..
1802-29
Ballston, Saratoga Co..
1822-46
......
1813-19
1829
1831-32
1875-76
1807-17
1787-1808
1784-87
1873-84
1830-33
.......
Lieutenant-Governor
1833-38
1784-87
1824-27
1858-59
1881-84
1874-84
1784-87
Rochester, Monroe Co....
Auburn, Cayuga Co...........
Utica, Oneida Co......
Charleston, Mont. Co.
Smithtown, Suffolk Co.....
Albany, Albany Co..
Fairfield, Herkimer Co
Albany, Albany Co...
Canandaigua, Ontario Co
Steuben, Oneida Co........
Kingston, Ulster Co...........
Kinderhook, Columbia Co..
Albany, Albany Co.
Albany, Albany Co.........
Albany, Albany Co......
Auburn, Cayuga Co.
New York city.......
Castleton, Richmond Co.
Scarsdale, Westchester Co....
Oyster Bay, Queens Co.......
Troy, Rensselaer Co............
Oxford, Chenango Co.......
New York city.
+
·
Lowville, Lewis Co.......
Albany, Albany Co.....
Kings Co......
Kinderhook, Columbia Co....
Cortlandt, Westchester Co....
Flatbush, Kings Co...........
Albany, Albany Co.....
•
.
New York city
Albany, Albany Co....
·་
New York city
...
Verplanck, Gulian C.
66
Albany, Albany Co.......
.....
Viele, John L
*Afterward of Newburgh.
•
Governor....
Governor…………………………………
....
Lieutenant-Governor.
Governor..
Governor........
Governor...………….
....
Secretary of State..
.....
...
Governor..………………….
Lieutenant-Governor.
Supt. Public Instruction.
Lieut.-Governor………………………….
Lieutenant-Governor..
Speaker of Assembly
....
1816-29; 1845
J$29
1784
1784-87
1857-61
1801-1804
1849-56
1795-1801
1819-39
1797-1823
1787
1790-1800
1826-70
1832-33
† Acting Lieutenant-Governor, 1811; Lieutenant-Governor, 1813-22, excepting a part of 1817, when Act-
ing Governor.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REGENTS.
785
NAMES.
TABLE(Continued).
Residences.
Office by virtue
of which they were
Regents.
Years in which
they held the
office of Regent.
Visscher, Matthew.......
Wadsworth, James S......
Warner, Horatio G .
Warren, Orris H.......
Watson, James..
Watson, William H.
Weaver, Abraham B...
Wendell, Peter…………………………………….
Westerlo, Eilardus
Wetmore, Prosper M...
Willers, Diedrich, Jr.....
Williams, John ...
Williams, Nathan.......
Wisuer, Henry..
Woodford, Stewart L...
Woodruff, Hunlock.
Woodworth, John
Wright, Silas.....
Yates, Christopher..
Yates, Christopher P..
Yates, Joseph C.......
Yates, Peter W....
Young, John..
Young, Samuel........
Albany, Albaný Co........
Geneseo, Livingston Co........
Rochester, Monroe Co.
Syracuse, Onondaga Co.......
New York City
Utica, Oneida Co....
Deerfield, Oneida Co.
Albany, Albany Co....
New York city
....
Varick, Seneca Co....
Salem, Washington Co.......
Utica, Oneida Co……………..
Goshen, Orange Co.......
Brooklyn, Kings Co.
Albany, Albany Co
Troy, Rensselaer Co.
Canton, St. Lawrence Co..
Albany, Albany Co.......
Canajoharie, Montgomery Co.
Schenectady, Schen'tady Co.
Albany, Albany Co.........
Geneseo, Livingston Co......
Ballston, Saratoga Co........
1784-87
1844-64
1871-76
1874-84
1795-1807
1881-84
Supt. Public Instruction.
1868-74
1823-51
1787-91
1833-76
Secretary of State........
1874-75
1784-87
1817-24
1784-87
Lieutenant-Governor......
1867-68
1784-87
1813-23
Governor....
1845-46
1784-87
1784-87
....
..
•
(See note *).....
Governor......
Secretary of State....
1812-33
1784-87
1847-48
1817-35
1842-45
*Governor in 1823-24.
Succession of Regents chosen by the Legislature in the order of their
Election, from their first Nomination in the Act of April 13,
1787, to the year 1885, inclusive.
NAMES.
Rev. John Rodgers, D. D………………………….
Joseph C. Yates...........
Prosper M. Wetmore..
John A. Dix…………………………………
Whitelaw Reid..
Egbert Benson, LL. D.......
John Tayler.......
John Suydam...
Washington Irving
David Buel.....
.....
Elias W. Leavenworth, LL. D
Philip Schuyler
Ambrose Spencer, LL. D........
John Lansing, Jr......
John Tracy.....
William Campbell..
Martin Van Buren, LL. D
•
Jabez D. Hanımond, LL. D…………..
George W. Clinton, LL. D...
Ezra L'Hommedieu.
Dates of election.
April 13, 1787……..
February 28, 1812 .
April 4, 1833..
March 29, 1876...
January 17, 1878..
.....
April 13, 1787..
February 1, 1802..
March 31, 1829...
May 9, 1835...
March 24, 1842......
February 5, 1861........
April 13, 1787..
January 28, 1805..
January 28, 1817.
April 2, 1830...
February 5, 1833..
February 3, 1845....
May 10, 1845
March 2, 1856...
End of term.
May 7, 1811 ......
March 16, 1876........
Remarks.
Died.
Resigned.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
March 19, 1829....
Died.
Died.
February 1, 1842..
August 17, 1860..
Resigned.
Died.
November 18, 1804.....
April 1, 1816*..
December 12, 1829.
Died.
Vacant.
Died.
Resigned.
October 27, 1844.
February 7, 1845....
August 18, 1855.
Died.
Declined.
Died.
September 27, 1811...
Died.
Resigned.
1842........
June 20, 1841...
July 17, 1870.........
Died.
Died.
December 21, 1804...... Died.
Vacancy.
December 26, 1845...
Died.
July 13, 1870..
Died.
1876.....
Died.
October 21, 1808
Died.
Vacancy.
Resigned.
June 25, 1847 .
Died.
* Reported vacant from non-attendance.
Solomon Southwick…………………………..
James King.
Gideon Hawley, LL. D........
John L. Lewis.....
Rev. Nathan Kerr..........
Lucas Elmendorf.........
James Thompson…………..
Robert Campbell, Jr..........
Horatio G. Warren……………..
William L. Bostwick.
Peter Sylvester...........
Nathan Smith.....
Harmanus Bleecker, LL. D....
James McKown......
April 13, 1787.
February 28, 1812.
February 15, 1823..
February 1, 1842..
February 8, 1871.......
April 13, 1787.....
January 28, 1805
February 7, 1822..
February 2, 1846.
February 8, 1871......
March 9, 1876...
April 13, 1787
.....
January 31, 1809..
February 7. 1822......
April 17, 1834......
99
786
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
TABLE (Continued).
NAMES.
Dates of election.
End of term.
Remarks.
Robert C. Rankin...
Charles E. Smith
Henry E. Turner
John Jay......
Gulian Verplanck.
James Kent, LL. D..........
Samuel Young......
John McLean...
Robert S. Hale, LL. D...
St. Clair McKelway
Rev. Dirck Romeyn, D. D.
John Cochran..
William A. Duer, LL.. D….....
Robert Troup
Edward P. Livingston.
John A. Dix, LL. D.......
John L. O'Sullivan
.....
.....
....
Erastus C. Benedict, LL. D………..
William H. Watson......
James Livingston
Abraham Van Vechten, LL. D...
Samuel A. Talcott .......
Gerritt Y. Lansing, LL. D.
George R. Perkins, LL. D.
Charles E. Fitch
Ebenezer Russell....
John Woodworth....
Peter Wendell, M. D..........
Rev. John N. Campbell.
Alexander S. Johnson, LL. D..
Anson J. Upson, LL. D...
Lewis Morris.
Simeon De Witt....
Aniasa J. Parker, LL. D…….....
John V. L. Pruyn, LL. D……...
Leslie W. Russell
Matthew Clarkson...
Jesse Buel
John C. Spencer, LL. D.......
James S. Wadsworth....
Rev. William H. Goodwin, D. D....
Rev. Augustus C. George, D. D………..
Rev. Orris H. Warren, D. D......
Benjamin Moore.....
Henry Rutgers..
Gulian C. Verplanck, LL. D……………..
Oswald Ottendorfer..
.....
James W. Booth
Chauncey M. Depew...
Rev. Eilardus Westerlo, D. D..
Zephaniah Platt...
Gen. Peter Gausevoort, Jr.....
Smith Thompson, LL. D.......
Stephen Van Rensselaer, LL. D........
Joseph Russell. ......
William C. Bouck..
Rev. Samuel Luckey, D. D………………..
Francis Kernan, LL. D......
Rev. Andrew King...
Martin Van Buren, LL. D.
John Keyes Paige..
Lorenzo Burrows.............
Daniel Beach.
Rev. William Lynn, D. D.......
De Witt Clinton, LL. D......
John Greig...
William C. Bryant, LL. D.............
Rev. George B. Cheever, D. D..
J. Carson Brevoort, LL. D........
Hamilton Harris........
Jonathan G. Tompkins...........
September 27, 1847 .....
January 22, 1879........
February 2, 1881........
April 13, 1787..
March 30, 1790....
February 3, 1800...
January 28, 1817..
April 8, 1835........
March 29, 1859.....
January 10, 1883..
April 3, 1787........
February 18, 1796..
February 1, 1820..
February 13, 1824......
February 20, 1827.
March 23, 1831....
February 2, 1846..
March 21, 1855....
February 2, 1881 ………………..
April 13, 1787 ......
January 11, 1797....
February 15, 1823.
March 31, 1829..
January 30, 1862..
January 31, 1877.
April 13, 1787.
March 3, 1813..
February 15, 1823
March 18, 1851...
April 12, 1864....
February 11, 1874………….
April 13, 1787
March 13, 1798…….
January 20, 1835.
May 4, 1844.
January 17, 1878..
April 13, 1787.......
January 26, 1826...
February 28, 1840.
May 4, 1844
January 24, 1865......
March 9, 1876...
April 11, 1877………………..
.....
April 13, 1787...
February 15, 1802……………….
January 26, 1826.
April 14, 1870 ……..
May 14, 1873...
January 31, 1877.
April 13, 1787.....
January 15, 1791..
February 11, 1808……..
March 3, 1813....
March 16, 1819..
February 18, 1839..
February 3, 1845………..
May 6, 1847...
February 10, 1870....
་
April 13, 1787
March 4, 1816.
March 31, 1829...
February 16, 1858....
March 18, 1885..
April 13, 1787....
February 11, 1808.
January 12, 1825....
April 15, 1858.....
March 29, 1859.
February 5, 1861...
March 18, 1885..
April 13, 1787........
* From becoming a Judge of the Court of Appeals.
....
...
October 29, 1878........
January 11, 1881………………….
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
November 20, 1799 .....
Died.
April 1, 1816...
Vacancy.
Resigned.
December 5, 1858......
Died.
December 14, 1881......| Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
January 19, 1824..
Resigned.
January 30, 1827
Resigned.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Resigned.
October 22, 1880.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned
...
January 21, 1823...
March 2, 1829……………..
January 3, 1862
August 22, 1876.........
February 13, 1823………….
October 29, 1849
March 27, 1864......
December 31, 1873 ...
January 22, 1798.......
December 3, 1834..
March 25, 1844...
November 22, 1877......
April 30, 1844.
May 8, 1864………..
February 17, 1876..
Resigned.
Died.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Died.
Died.
Vacancy.*
Died.
Died.
Resigned.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Vacancy.†
Died.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned.
Resigned.
March 18, 1870...
May 5, 1873.
Died.
Resigned.
Died.
December 26, 1790....
Died.
September 12, 1807.
Died.
Died.
July 2, 1812.....
March 3, 1819..
January 26, 1839.
April 17, 1847.....
October 8, 1869..
Resigned.
Died.
Resigned.
Resigned. t
Died.
November 16, 1815…………..
Died.
Resigned.
December 10, 1857
March 6, 1885...
Died.
Died.
January 8, 1808..
January 7, 1825..
April 9, 1858...
Died.
Resigned.
Died.
Declined.
Vacancy.
January 7, 1885..
Resigned.
Resigned.
† Vacancy declared from non-attendance, Mr. S..having been appointed Secretary of War.
Resigned upon being elected a trustee of Hartwick Seminary.
1
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF REGENTS.
787
TABLE—(Continued).
NAMES.
Alexander Sheldon......
Rev. John De Witt, D. D.
William L. Marcy, LL. D
Benjamin F. Butler, LL. D…….....
John L. Viele.....
Erastus Corning.
....
Henry R. Pierson, LL. D.......
Rev. John McDonald..........
Rev. Jonas Coe.........
Rev. Thomas Ellison......
Charles Selden.........
Nathan Williams...
Gen. Peter B. Porter....
John P. Cushman.....
John Lorimer Graham ?
George William Curtis, LL. D.........
Gen. Frederick William de Steuben.
James Watson.........
Dates of election.
End of term
Remarks.
April 1, 1816*.
March 28, 1823.
Vacancy.
Resigned.
.....
February 11, 1808.......
January 28, 1817.
April 9, 1823
February 29, 1829.
February 6, 1832..
February 5, 1833...
April 24, 1872....
.....
April 13, 1787.
March 24, 1796..
February 28, 1797.
February 18, 1803....
January 28, 1817..
October 17, 1832.
April 9, 1872.........
February 13, 1797.
April 26, 1802...
April 1, 1816......
....
April 21, 1823.
February 13, 1824.
April 2, 1830...
April 17, 1834.
April 12, 1864.
April 13, 1787
....
Resigned.
Resigned.
Died.
Died.
Resigned.
Declined. †
Died.
Vacancy.
Vacancy.t
Resigned.
Resigned.
Resigned.
November 28, 1794......
Died.
May 15, 1806.....
Died.
February 11, 1807………………….
Died.
February 6, 1849....
September 25, 1856....
Died.
March 6, 1856..
April 27, 1856.....
Died.
Rev. Isaac Parks, D. D..
April 7, 1857..
April 15, 1869..
Died.
John A. Griswold......
April 29, 1869
October 31, 1871..
Died.
April 24, 1873.
Elisha Jenkins..
Philip S. Van Rensselaer.........
Robert Kelly........
January 28, 1795.
Martin I. Townsend...
*Reported vacant from non-attendance.
† Mr. Coe assigned as his reason for declining, that being a Trustee of Union College and of Lansingburgh
Academy, he thought he could be more useful in these positions than upon the Board of Regents.
Vacant from becoming Judge of Circuit Court.
? Objections were raised against the retention by Mr. Graham of his seat in the Board of Regents, while
one of the Council of the University of the City of New York. He appears to have held both offices about
five years. (Senate Doc. 10, 1840, p. 18.)
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
George Clinton, May 5, 1784.*
John Jay, January 20, 1796.
George Clinton, February 15, 1802.
Morgan Lewis, February 4, 1805.
Daniel D. Tompkins, February 8, 1808.
John Tayler, February 3, 1817.
Simeon De Witt, March 24, 1829.
Chancellors.
Stephen Van Rensselaer, January 8, 1835.
James King, February 12, 1839.
Peter Wendell, January 13, 1842.
Gerrit Y. Lansing, October 31, 1849.
John V. L. Pruyn, January 9, 1862.
Erastus C. Benedict, January 11, 1878.
Henry R. Pierson, January 13, 1881.
* Governor Clinton resigned the office of Chancellor April 4, 1785, and the office was vacant until after
the reorganization in 1787. In the meantime the Lieutenant-Governor, or the Mayor of New York city,
presided.
John Jay, July 17, 1787.
Pierre Van Cortlandt, May 5, 1781.
John Rodgers, March 31, 1790.
John Tayler, March 14, 1814.
Simeon De Witt, February 3, 1817.
Elisha Jenkins, March 24, 1829.
Luther Bradish, January 13, 1813.
Robert Harpur, May 5, 1784.
Richard Harrison, July 17, 1787.
Nathaniel Lawrence, April 7, 1790.
De Witt Clinton, June 21, 1794.
David S. Jones, January 23, 1797.
* Resigned February 23. 1841..
Vice-Chancellors.
Daniel S. Dickinson, January 12, 1843.
John Greig, January 9, 1845.
Gulian C. Verplanck, July 13, 1858.
Erastus Corning, April 21, 1870.
Erastus C. Benedict, August 7, 1872.
Henry R. Pierson, January 11, 1878
George W. Clinton, January 13, 1881.
Secretaries.
Francis Bloodgood, March 19, 1798.
Gideon Hawley, March 25, 1811.*
T. Romeyn Beck, May 25, 1841.
Samuel B. Woolworth, December 4, 1855.†
David Murray, January 9, 1880.
† Samuel Buell Woolworth was born in Bridgehampton, Suffolk_county, December 15, 1800; graduated
from Hamilton College in 1822; was teacher in Monson Academy, Mass., in 1822-24; Principal of Onondaga
Academy, 1824-30; Principal of Cortland Academy, in Homer, 1830-52; President of New York State Teachers'
Association, 1847-48; Principal of State Normal School at Albany, 1852-56; received the degree of LL. D.
from Hamilton College in 1854; Secretary of Regents, 1856-80. He resigned January 8, 1880; died in Brook-
lyn, June 30, 1880, and was buried in Homer, July 3, 1880.
The proceedings upon the resignation of Dr. Woolworth, and upon the occasion of his death and funeral,
and tributes to his memory, are recorded in the Proceedings of the University Convocation of 1882, pp. 648-
670.
Assistant Secretaries.
Daniel J. Pratt, January 12, 1866.*
Albert B. Watkins, January
1885.
* Died September 12, 1881.
Inspectors of Teachers' Classes in Academies.
Albert B. Watkins.
Brockholst Livingston, May 5, 1784.
Charles E Hawkins, January 7, 1885.
Treasurer.
788
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE REGENTS.
Since their organization under the act of 1787, which required the
Regents to report annually to the Legislature, no year has passed
without a report.
Before 1830, these reports were printed in the Legislative journals
of one or both Houses - either under the dates when they were
presented, or in an appendix at the end. Toward the end of this
period, they were also printed separately in small octavo form. The
following list of references will lead to these reports for each year,
"S." being understood to mean "Senate Journal," and "A," to
mean "Assembly Journal" of the folio series:
1788, S., p. 4; A., p. 97.
1789, S., p. 28; A., p. 45.
1790, S., p. 24;
1791, S., p. 34;
1792, S., p. 29;
A., p. 51.
A., p. 74.
A., p. 79.
1809, S., p. 174; A., p. 367.
1810, S., p. 137; A., p. 332.
1811, S., p. 179; A., p. 370.
1812, S., p. 201; A., p. 357.
1813, S., p. 301; A., p. 495.
1814, S., p. 100.
1793, S., p. 90.
1794, S., p. 16.
1815, S., p. 293.
1795, S., p. 41; A., p. 85.
1816, S., p. 179.
1817, S., p. 366.
1796, S., p. 55.
1 97, S., p. 83.
1798, S., p. 87; A., p. 220.
1799, S., p. 73; A., p. 143.
1800, S., p. 82.
1801, S., p. 50.
1802, S., p. 112.
1803, S., p. 117; A., p. 245.
1804, S., p. 84; A., p. 243.
1805, S., p. 118.
1806, S., p. 129; A., p. 296.
1807, S., p. 146; A., p. 336.
1808, S., p. 224; A., p. 399.
1818, S., p. 319.
1819, S., p. 259.
1820, S., p. 358; A., p. 1,009.
1821, S., p. 268; A., p. 983.
1822, S., p. 330; A., p. 1,088.
1823, S., p. 378; A., p. 989.
1824, S., p. 397.
1825, S., p. 578.
1826, S., p. 611.
1827, S., p. 590 (App. B.).
1828, S., p. 213 (App. B.).
1829, S., p. 431.
Since the adoption of the octavo form of Documents in 1830, the
Regents' Reports have been included in the series as follows:
1830, Assem. Doc., 216.
1839, Senate. Doc., 56.
1831, Senate Doc., 50.
1840, 66
66 64.
1832,
""
66
72.
1841, 66
(6 39.
1833, ""
66
70.
1842,
55.
1834,
66
66
83.
1843, 66.
("
57.
1835, 66
66
70.
1844,
66
(6
78.
1836,
"6
66
65.
1845,
66
66
51.
1837,
(6
(6
45.
1846,
((
66
71.
1838,
66
52,
1847,
(6
(6 101.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
789
1849,
1850,
66
55, 78.
(6
66
113.
1851,
66
72.
1852,
(
92.
1853,
(6
(6
70.
1848, Senate Doc., 71.
1867, Senate Doc., 90.
66
(6 49.
1868,
1869, 66
(6 49.
1870, Assem. Doc., 110.
1871, Senate Doc., 37.
1872, Assem. Doc., 32.
1854,
66
((
77.
1873,
66
66 28.
1855,
(6
78.
1874,
66
(6
59.
1856,
66
66
20.
1857,
(1
66
82.
1858,
66
66
130.
1859,
66
66
26.
1860,
66
66
28.
1875, Senate Doc., 43.
1876, Assem. Doc., 134.
1877, Senate Doc., 59.
1878, Assem. Doc., 58.
1879, Senate Doc., 37.
1861,
<<
66
15.
1880,
66
66
41.
1862,
66
66
70.
1881,
66
66
69.
1863, S., 74; A., 136.
1882,
66
66
37.
1864, Assem. Doc., 199.
1883,
66
(6
54.
1865, Senate Doc., 55.
1884,
(6
66
10.
1866, 66
66
46.
Besides these Annual Reports relating to educational matters, the
Regents have reported annually since 1845, upon the State Library,
and since 1840, upon the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural
History (now the "State Museum ").
CHAPTER XXXIV.
UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The idea of a Convocation of those officially connected with the
higher educational institutions of the State for consultation upon sub-
jects of common interests was mentioned as an incidental feature in the
plan proposed by Mr. Erastus C. Benedict, for the establishment of
a University of active instruction, in 1857, but no measures were
adopted at that time, for the carrying of this idea into effect.
On the 9th of January, 1863, Mr. Benedict offered the following
resolution at the annual meeting of the Board, and it was unanimously
adopted:
"Resolved, That it is expedient to hold annually, under the direc-
tion of this Board, a meeting of officers of Colleges and Academies,
and that a committee be appointed to draft a programme of business
for the proposed meeting, to fix the time and place, and to make
such other arrangements as they may deem necessary."
790
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The committee of arrangements on the part of the Regents were
Chancellor Pruyn, Governor Seymour, Mr. Benedict, Mr. Hawley,
Mr. Clinton, Mr. Perkins, and Secretary Woolworth.
1
J
The meeting was held according to appointment, on the 4th and
5th days of August, 1863. Chancellor Pruyn briefly stated the
objects entertained by the Regents, which were mainly "to consider
the mutual relations of Colleges and Academies, and to promote, as
largely as possible, the cause of liberal education in our State." While
it is a part of the duty of the Regents of the University to visit the
fourteen literary Colleges, and more than two hundred Academies.
subject to their supervision, it is obvious that this cannot be done as
frequently as desirable, and that some such method as is now proposed
whereby teachers may compare views with each other, and with the
Regents, and discuss methods of instruction and general modes of
procedure, is alike practicable and necessary.
2
"A law enacted more than three-fourths of a century ago was
cited, by which the University was organized and clothed with powers
similar to those held by the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford
in England.
"The University of the State of New York, though generally
regarded as a legal fiction, is, in truth, a grand reality. The numer-
ous institutions of which it is composed are not, indeed, as in England,
crowded into a single city, but are scattered, for popular convenience,
¹ The Regents in their report presented March 5, 1863, after referring to the
general condition of the Colleges and Academies of the State, made the following
allusion to the proposed Convocation, which was as yet but an untried experiment.
More effectually to influence the character of both of these classes of institu-
tions, the Regents propose, at some convenient time during the present year, to in-
vite the officers of the Colleges and Academies to a joint convention, to discuss the
philosophy of education, and its application to methods of instruction, and to unite
their efforts in systematic means of perfecting the Academic and Collegiate edu
cation of the State. This proposal has been received with expressions of warm
approbation by officers of the Colleges, and we have no doubt that it will be re-
sponded to with equal cordiality by those of the Academies. Institutions for elevat-
ing the character of instruction in the Common Schools, and exciting the teachers
to higher professional qualifications have proved efficient and successful agents in
that department of education. Public opinion has settled into an absolute convic-
tion of their value, and they have been adopted by legislative enactment into the
Common School system of the State, Not less important results are confidently
anticipated from the proposed Convention, the realization of which the Regents
hope to be able to communicate to the Legislature at their next annual report.”
What was thus expressed in hope has since been realized in history, and the
annual reports of the Regents, commencing with that of 1864, have given the pro-
ceedings of these convocations.
2 Now twenty three (1882).
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
791
over the entire State. It is hoped that the present meeting will
more fully develop this fact, in accordance with which the officers
of Colleges and Academies now convened are cordially welcomed as
members of a great State University. It is also confidently expected
that the deliberations now inaugurated will result in the more in-
timate alliance and co-operation of the various institutions holding
chartered rights under the Regents of the University."
The Chancellor and Secretary of the Regents were, on motion,
duly elected presiding and recording officers of the meeting. A com-
mittee, subsequently made permanent for the year, and designated
as the executive committee, was appointed by the Chancellor to pre-
pare an order of proceedings. Among other recommendations of
the committee, the following were submitted and unanimously
adopted:
The Regents of the University of this State have called the present
meeting of the officers of the Colleges and Academies subject to their
visitation, for the purpose of mutual consultation respecting the cause
of education, especially in the higher departments. It becomes a
question of interest whether this convention shall assume a perma-
nent form and meet at stated intervals, either annually, biennially or
triennially. In the opinion of the committee it seems eminently
desirable that the Regents and the instructors in the Colleges and
Academies should thus meet, with reference to the attainment of the
following objects:
1st. To secure a better acquaintance among those engaged in these
departments of instruction, with each other and with the Regents.
2d. To secure an interchange of opinions on the best methods of
instruction in both Colleges and Academies; and as a consequence,
3d. To advance the standard of education throughout the State.
4th. To adopt such common rules as may seem best fitted to pro-
mote the harmonious workings of the State system of education.
5th. To consult and co-operate with the Regents in devising and
executing such plans of education as the advanced state of the popu-
lation may demand.
6th. To exert a direct influence upon the people and the Legisla-
ture of the State personally and through the press, so as to secure
such an appreciation of a thorough system of education, together
with such pecuniary aid and legislative enactments, as will place the
institutions here represented in a position worthy of the population
and resources of the State.
And for the attainment of these objects, the committee recommend
the adoption of the following resolutions:
Resolved, That this meeting of officers of Colleges and Academies
be hereafter known and designated as "The University Convoca-
tion of the State of New York."
1
792
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Resolved, That the members of this Convocation shall embrace,
1. The members of the Board of Regents.
2. All instructors in Colleges, Normal Schools, Academies and
higher departments of public schools that are subject to the visita-
tion of the Regents, and (by amendment of 1868) the trustees of
all such institutions.
3. The president, first vice-president, and the recording and cor-
responding secretaries of the New York State Teachers' Association.
Resolved, That the Chancellor and Secretary of the Board of
Regents shall act severally as the presiding officer and permanent
secretary of the Convocation.
Resolved, That the meeting of the Convocation shall be held an·
nually, in the city of Albany, on the first Tuesday in August [see
amendment], at 10 o'clock, A. M., unless otherwise appointed by the
Board of Regents. [Amended, in 1873, as to the time of meeting,
by making it the first Tuesday after the Fourth of July, except
when the Fourth occurs on Monday, in which case it shall be the
second Tuesday thereafter.]
Resolved, That at each annual Convocation the Chancellor shall
announce the appointment, by the Regents, of an executive com-
mittee of seven members, who shall meet during the recess of the
Convocation, at such time and place as the Regents may direct, with
authority to transact business connected with its general object.
At the fourth anniversary, held August 6th, 7th and 8th, 1867,
it was
Resolved, That the Regents be requested to invite the attendance
of representatives of Colleges of other States at future anniversaries
of the Convocation.
At the fifth anniversary, held August 4th, 5th and 6th, 1868, the
following resolutions were unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That there be appointed by the Chancellor, at eaclı
annual meeting, a committee of necrology, to consist of three persons.
Resolved, That it shall be the duty of each member of the Cor-
vocation to notify the chairman of the committee of necrology of
the decease of members occurring in their immediate neighborhood
or circle of acquaintance, as an assistance to the preparation of their
report.
Resolved, That the Secretary publish, with the report of each
year's proceedings, the original resolutions of 1863, as they are or
may be from time to time amended, together with the two foregoing,
as a means of better informing the members of the Convocation in
regard to its nature and the purposes of its organization.
On the 11th of April, 1879, the Regents passed the following
ordinance relative to the University Convocation.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
793
The Regents of the University of the State of New York declare
and ordain as follows:
SECTION 1. The University Convocation hitherto existing is
hereby constituted and established as the Convocation of the Uni-
versity of the State of New York, and shall continue to be called
and known by the style of "The University Convocation." It
shall consist of such members of the Board of Regents of the Uni-
versity and such instructors, officers and trustees of the several Col-
leges, Academies and other seminaries subject to the visitation of the
Regents and constituent members of the University, as shall at the
time being attend. The purpose of the Convocation shall be to
secure an interchange of opinions on the subject of education and
of literature, science and art, and to advance their standard in this
State; to harmonize the workings of the State system of education;
and, by essays, treatises, discussions and resolutions, on subjects
connected with. literature, science and art and with the credit,
interest and welfare of the University and the institutions com-
posing it, to recommend to such institutions and to the Regents, for
their consideration, such action as may be expedient and lawful.
§ 2. The Convocation shall meet in the city of Albany, at the
Capitol, on the first Tuesday after the Fourth of July, except when
the Fourth occurs on Monday, in which case it shall be the second
Tuesday thereafter, or at such other time and place as may be
directed by the Regents. A quorum shall consist of those present
at any actual sitting of the Convocation. The Board of Regents
shall always be in session during the meeting of the Convocation,
with such recesses of the Regents and of the Convocation as may be
expedient. The Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor and the Secretaries
of the Regents shall be the presiding officers and Secretaries of the
Convocation, with power to substitute others to perform their duties
respectively, pro tempore, not longer than one day.
3. At the time of the Convocation shall be held the annual
Commencement of the University, and such degrees as may be
ordered by the Regents shall be then publicly announced and con-
ferred by the Chancellor, except when the Regents shall otherwise
provide.
1
The Convocation thus began has been since annually assembled
at the State Capitol, the Chancellor being uniformly the presiding
officer, and the Secretary of the Board of Regents their Secretary.
The meeting of 1884 was made one of unusual interest from its
being held on the centennial year of the first establishment of a
Board of Regents, which gave a proper opportunity for reviewing
the principal educational events of the century, as they had passed
under the notice of the Board, or had been enacted under its impulse.
These proceedings are given elsewhere in connection with this publi-
cation.
100
794
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
The following catalogue of papers published in the annual reports
of the Convocation of the State of New York University prove
convenient in referring to these proccedings.
INDEX TO PAPERS READ BEFORE THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION OF
THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
[In 1864, the paging of the Convocation proceedings was separate
from that of the Regents' Report. This practice was continued in
the separate edition for several years; but in the following Index
the paging refers (after 1864) to the proceedings as found in the
full Annual Reports. The years are those in which the Reports
were printed, and one year after the year in which the papers were
read. The Index does not include references to the proceedings in
1884.]
Abstract of Reports on Decimal Systems of Weights and Measures.
By Rodney G. Kimball, A. M., Professor of Mathematics in the
State Normal School, 1866, p. 119.
Academic Diplomas, 1855, p. 120.
Academic Education in the State of New York One Hundred Years
Ago. By Noah T. Clarke, Ph. D., 1885, p. 57.
Academic Examinations, Report on, 1871, p. 546, 1884, p. 291.
Academic Institutions. (See State Aid to.)
Academies and Secondary Education. By A. C. Hill, Principal of
Cook Academy, 1884, p. 58.
Academic Libraries. By Professor J. H. Gilmore of the University
of Rochester, 1884, p. 86.
Academies and their Work. By James M. Sprague. Principal of
the New Berlin Academy, 1873, p. 517.
Academies. By Joseph Alden, LL. D., of New York State Normal
School, 1870, p. 517.
Academies, Legislative Grants and Franchises to, 1873, p. 681.
Academies. (See Co-Relation of Academies, etc.)
Academies. (See Literary Exercises in.)
Academies. (See Normal Departments in
•)
1
Academies. (See Normal Instruction in), 1869, p. 732.
Academies. (See Value the, and Means of Literary Culture.)
Academies. (See Whole Work, the, of
-·)
Academy (the) in its relation to the work of Common Schools. By
Principal John W. O'Brien, A. B., of the Griffith Institute, Spring-
ville, 1875, p. 711.
Accent, the value of, in Greek Verse. By Professor Isaac Flagg,
Ph. D., of Cornell University, 1879, p. 549.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
795
Achilles, Carolin P. (See Teachers, Text-books, and the Encourage-
ments of, etc.)
Address by Chancellor Pierson, 1882, p. 291; 1883, p. 285; 1885,
p. 1,133.
Address of Erastus C. Benedict, LL. D., Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, on his first taking the chair of the University Convocation
at the Capitol, July 9, 1878, 1879, p. 493.
Address by Hon. George W. Clinton, 1864, p. 52.
Address by President E. N. Potter, of Union College, 1881, p.
671.
Admission to College.
etc.)
Admission to College.
Admission to College.
(See Importance of a Better Preparation,
(See Requirements for Admission, etc.)
(See Requisites of Admission, etc.)
Admission to College. (See Studies, on the, Proper to be Pursued,
etc.)
Aesthetic Culture in the Troy Female Seminary. By Mrs. John
H. Willard, Principal of the Troy Female Seminary, 1870, p.
539.
Agnosticism. (See Modern Agnosticism.)
Agricultural Education. By John Stanton Gould, Professor of
Mechanics applied to Agriculture in Cornell University, 1873, p.
601.
Aid to Academic Institutions. (See State Aid, etc.)
Alden, Joseph. (See Academies, Lectures and Text-books.)
Algebra, Arithmetic, and; Recent Discoveries in.
Nexsen of New York, 1881, p. 518.
By H. M.
Algebra. (See Arithmetical Preparation Necessary to Commence,
etc.)
Allen, Jonathan. (See Scientific Institute for Teachers.)
Allen, Thomas. (By President Potter.) 1883, p. 465.
American College (The). By Hon. Charles E. Fitch. (Regent.)
1885, p. 41.
American Educators in India. By Rev. Royal G. Wilder, A. M.,
of Kolapoor, India, 1878, p. 418.
Ames, Bernice D., 1877, p. 743.
Analysis, Logical. (See System and Method of.)
Analysis. (See Relation of the Art of Analysis, to, etc.)
Ancient and Modern Estimates of the Physical Sciences. By Prof.
William D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., of Cornell Univer-
sity, 1879, p. 499.
Anderson, John J. Notice of Stephen G. Taylor by, 1885, p.
272.
796
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Anderson, Martin B. (See Dewey, Chester, Sketch of Life of.)
Anderson, Martin B. Remarks at Conference of Presidents of Col-
leges, 1884, 1885, p. 154, 163, 171. Remarks on Public School
System, 1885, p. 151. (See Raymond, John H., Notice of.)
Anderson, Martin B. (See Volunteerism in Higher Education.)
Andrews, Charles T. Notice of John A. Gillett by, 1885, p.
271.
Andrews, N. Lloyd. (See Character in the Teacher.)
Andrews, Trustee Loring. By Professor Benjamin M. Martin,
D. D., L. H. D., 1876, p. 659.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York. By Daniel
J. Pratt, A. M., Assistant Secretary of Regents, 1869, p. 830.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York. By Daniel
J. Pratt, A. M., Assistant Secretary of Regents. Second Period.
Public Education in the Colony of New York. Part I. From
the Capitulation by the Dutch to the First Legislative Act for
Founding a College, 1664-1746, 1870, p. 617.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York (continued).
By Daniel J. Pratt, A. M., Assistant Secretary of Regents. (Leg-
islative Grants to Academies) 1873, p. 681.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York (continued).
By Daniel J. Pratt, A. M., Assistant Secretary of Regents, 1874,
p. 715.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York (continued).
By Daniel J. Pratt, A. M., Ph. D., Assistant Secretary of Regents,
1876, p. 671.
Annals of Public Education in the State of New York (resumed)
By Daniel J. Pratt, A. M., Ph. D., Assistant Secretary of Re-
gents, 1883, p. 437.
Apparatus Suitable for Teaching Physical and Natural Sciences in
Academies. By Prof. Le Roy C. Cooley, of Vassar College, 1884,
p. 204.
Formerly in Use, 1884, p. 100.
·.)
Anthon, Charles, LL. D. (See Discourse Commemorative of
Anthony, Brother. Remarks at Conference of College Presidents,
1884, 1885, p. 176. (See College Discipline.)
Anthropological Principles and Methods of Education. By Joseph
R. Buchanan, M. D., Professor (elect) in the Eclectic Medical Col-
lege, New York city, 1874, p. 677.
Apparatus. (See School Apparatus.)
Arithmetic and Algebra, Recent Discoveries in. By Mr. H. M-
Nexsen, of New York, 1881, p. 518.
Arithmetical Preparation Necessary to Commence the Study of Al-
gebra. By James H. Hoose, A. M., late Professor of Mathematics.
in Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 1867, p. 621.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
797
Armstrong, John W. (See Plan, A, to Il armonize our Public
School System.)
Arnott's Elements of Natural Philosophy Mentioned, 1885, p. 96.
Art Studies in Academies and Colleges. By C. W. Bennett, A. M.,
Principal of Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 1866, p. 146.
Art. (See Beginnings of Art, etc.)
Aryan Civilization, The Downward Tendency of Early, 1881, p. 629.
Avery, Prof. Charles, LL. D., Obituary Notice of. By Prof. A. G.
Hopkins, 1884, p. 262.
Azarias, Brother. (See Psychological Aspects of Education.)
Backus, Truman J. (See Executive Committee Report of Philoso-
phy of the College Curriculum.)
Bragg, M. M. (See Coventry. Prof. Charles Brodhead.)
Bancroft, Cecil F. P. (See Relations of the Colleges to Secondary
Schools.)
Bardeen, C. W. (See Taylor, George H., Notice of.)
Barnard, Frederick A. P. (See Education and the State; Metri-
cal System of Weights and Measures; Should American Colleges
be open to women? etc.; Should Studies in Colleges be Confined
to, etc.; Should Studies....to be pursued preparatory to, etc.)
Barnard, W. S. (See Zoological Education.)
Barton, Prof. J. Græff, LL. D. By Eustace W. Fisher, A. M., M.
D., 1878, p. 485.
Basis of Courses of Study in Schools, on the. Whether they should
rest upon the developing man as man, or man as a member of so-
ciety. By Principal James H. Hoose, A. M., Ph. D., of the
Cortland Normal School, 1878, p. 463.
Basis of Methods of Teaching. By Principal William J. Milne,
Ph. D., LL. D., Genesee Normal School, 1882, p. 353.
Beattie, David. Notice of Principal Henry A. Pierce, Principal of
Troy High School, 1884, p. 269.
Becker, Jan Juriænse (1660), 1869, p. 884.
Beginnings of Art, or Evolution in Ornament. By Ch. Fred. Hartt,
A. M., Professor of Geology in Cornell University, 1874, p. 689.
Bellamy, Rev. Joseph Richmond, A. M., Notice of. 1868, p. 707.
Benedict, Asa Gardiner. (See Free Academy, the, in a System,
etc.)
Benedict, Erastus C. Academic Honors, 1872, p. 505.
Benedict, Erastus C. (See Address of, etc.)
Benedict, Erastus Cornelius. By Hon. George F. Betts, 1882, p.
423.
Benedict, Nehemiah W. Pronunciation of Greek and Latin, 1872,
p. 485.
798
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Benedict, N. W., Remarks by, on Normal School Training, 1885, p.
205. (See Elementary Instruction in the Classics; State Aid to
Education, etc., Study, the, of Latin, etc.).
Benjamin, Simeon, Memorial of the Late. By Augustus W. Cowles,
President of the Elmira Female College, 1870, p. 526.
Bennett, Charles W. Remarks on the Relations of the University
to the College, 1885, p. 131.
Bennett, Charles W. (See Art Studies in Academies and Colleges;
Post Graduate Degrees.)
Best. Isaac O. (See Instruction in Vocal Music, etc.)
Better Organization of Science-Education, the. By Prof. S. Ed-
ward Warren, C. E., of Newton, Mass., formerly of the Rens-
selaer Polytechnic Institute, 1879, p. 537.
Betts, George F. (See Benedict, Erastus Cornelius, Notice of.)
Biblical Instruction, Scheme of, 1867, p. 693.
Bickmore, A. S. (See Normal Instruction in Science in the Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History.)
Black Board, Use of the, in Teaching Greek. By Edward North,
A. M., Dexter Professor of the Greek Language and Literature
in Hamilton College, 1864, p. 47.
Blunt, Mrs. E. J. Lee. (See Literature as a Study for Young
Ladies.)
Body and Mind - their Conservative Influence on Each Other. By
Mrs. Clemence S. Lozier, M. D., Professor in the New York Medi-
cal College for Women, 1871, p. 521.
Bogart, William H. (See Wells, Henry, Notice of.)
Books. (See What Shall We Do With the.)
Bosworth, R. S. (See Order of Study in Natural Science.)
Bouton, Eugene. Remarks on the Relations of the Public School
System to the Higher Education of the State, 1885, p. 143, 148.
(See Licensing of Common School Teachers, Spelling Reform,
Study, the, of English, 1884, p. 114.)
Bradley, John E. Remarks on Science-Teaching. (See Health-
fulness of Intellectual Pursuits; Regents' Examinations in
Academic Studies; Report of Committee on Necrology, 1885,
p. 234.)
Brain versus Muscle. By Principal Frank R. Moore, of Yates
Union School, Chittenango, 1881, p. 558.
Branch, Oliver E. (See College Journalism.)
Brandt, C. G. (See Composition of the French Language, etc.)
Briggs, Principal, George W., Ph. D. By Rev. Charles Noble,
1876, p. 657.
British Legislation in Regard to the Metric System, note on, 1872,
p. 676.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONуOCATION.
799
Brown, Ames. (See Proper Construction of an English Grammar.)
Brown, Samuel G. (See Fisher, Rev. Samuel Ware, Notice of.)
Bryant, William Cullen. (See Verplanck, Gulian Crommellin; a
Discourse.)
Buchanan, Joseph R. (See Anthropologial Principles, etc.; Liberal
Education, etc.)
Bullard, Erastus F. (See New Departure, the, in Education.)
Burchard, Dr. S. D. Notice of Mrs. Louisa C. Martin, by, 1884,
p. 275.
Bureau of Education. (See Nationai Bureau of Education.)
Cabinets of Minerals for Academies, Proposed System of Exchanges.
By Franklin Hough, 1871, p. 598.
Memorial to the Legislature, 1871, p. 599.
Draft of a Bill, 1871, p. 602.
Circulars, 1871, p. 603.
Caldwell, George C. (See Chlorophyll, and the Production, etc.)
Cambridge University (England), Endowments of, 1868, p. 697.
Campbell, Robert. (Regent.) Remarks by Professor Wilson upon
the Life and Character of, 1871, p. 672.
Campbell, William W. By President Potter, 1883, p. 463.
Canandaigua Academy. Notice of, 1885, p. 65.
Canisteo Academy. Historical Sketch. By Principal Wellington
La Monte, A. M., 1877, p. 707.
Capacity, Measures of. (See Measures of)
Capito, Mattys. (School-master, 166?) 1869, p. 880.
Cavelse, Goost. (School-master), 1669, p. 880.
Cassety, James A. Remarks on Normal School Training, 1885, p.
263.
Catalogue. (See Regents' University Catalogue.)
Catalogue (See Corporation in Indexing and Cataloguing.)
Cavert, Michael P. (See Cruttenden, David H., Notice of, Prizes
in Schools, etc.)
Cazenovia Seminary. Historical Sketch. By Isaac N. Clements,
1877, p. 682.
Centennial Address. By Hon. George William Curtis, 1885, p. 23.
Centennial History of Colleges. (See Statement of the Plan Pro-
posed, etc.)
Chandler, John W. (See School Supervision.)
Chapin, Aaron L. (See Oration on the True Functions of the
American College.)
Character in the Teacher. By Professor Lloyd Andrews, Ph. D.,
of Madison University, 1879, p. 556.
Chemistry and Physics. When first taught in Academies, 1885, p.
102.
800
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
'
Chemistry, Elementary. (See Why Should, etc.)
Chemistry. (See Suggestions in Regard to leaching.)
Cheney, L. Harrison, A. M., 1877, p. 744.
Chester, Albert H. (See Laboratory Practice.)
Chinese Competitive Examinations. By the Rev. Dr. Erastus Went-
worth of Sandy Hill, 1884, p. 115.
Chlorophyll, and the Production of Organic Substance in the Plant.
By Professor George C. Caldwell, Ph. D., of Cornell University,
1880, p. 585.
Civil Government as a Science and a Study. By W. K. Wickes,
Principal of the Watertown High School, 1884, p. 48.
Civilization. (See Aryan Civilization.)
Classen, Francis, (1660) 1869, p. 884.
Clark, John S. (See Drawing in Public Education.)
Clarke, Noah T., Remarks on Science Teaching, 1885, p. 110; on
Normal Schools, 1885, p. 198.
Clarke, Noah T. (See Academic Education in the State of New
York One Hundred Years ago; Normal Instruction in acade-
mies; Richards, Benjamin, Notice of.)
Classes for Instructing Common School Teachers in Academies, by
Principal Willis D. Graves, of the Bainbridge Union School,
1883, p. 403.
Classical Instruction. (See Method of Classical Instruction.)
Classical Languages. (See Study of, etc.)
Classical Study; There should be more of it in our Colleges, or it
should be abandoned. By Tayler Lewis, LL. D., L. H. D., Pro-
fessor of Ancient and Oriental Languages in Union College, 1872,
p. 528.
Classical Training. By Rev. A. F. Monroe, S. J., Professor of
Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, in the College of St. Francis
Xavier, 1867, p 641.
Classic Influence on the English Language. By Principal M.
Eugene McClary, A. B., of Franklin Free Academy, Malone,
1880, p. 604
Classics, the, in Education. By Benjamin N. Martin, S. T. D., Pro-
fessor of Logic and Mental and Moral Philosophy, in the Uni-
versity of the city of New York, 1868, p. 681.
Classics, study of, in Normal Schools. (See Our Normal Schools,
etc.)
Classics. Why should the classics be studied at all? For what
general or particular purposes, and how should they be studied?
By Principal Ezra J. Peck, A. M., of Homer Academy, 1882, p.
305.
Classics. (See Elementary Instruction in.)
Classics. (See Written Examinations in.)
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
801
Classification of General Divisions of Study. By Hyland C. Kirk,
A. B., Principal of the Phelps Union and Classical School, 1872,
p. 522.
Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute, Historical account
by William McAfee, A. M., 1877, p. 671.
Clements, Isaac N. (See Cazenovia Seminary; Historical Sketch
of.)
Cleveland, Professor William C., C. E. (By Professor William C.
Russel, A. M., 1874, p. 790.
Clinton, George, Presentation of Portrait of, 1885, p. 9.
Clinton, George W. Address by, 1864, p. 52; Remarks on pre-
sentation of Portrait of George Clinton, 1885, p. 9.
Cole, Professor J. W. (Principal of Troy High School.) Remarks
on the Relations of the Public School System to the Higher
Education of the State, 1885, p. 145.
College, Admission to. (See Importance of a Better Preparation
etc.)
College, Admission to. (See Studies, on the, Proper to be Pursued,
etc.)
College, Admission to. (See Why should Elementary Chemistry
be required for.)
Colleges, Conference of the Presidents of, 1884, 1885, p. 154.
College Curriculum. (See Philosophy of the College Curriculum.)
College Discipline. By Brother Anthony, of Manhattan College,
1882, p. 328.
College Disorders. (See Treatment of College Disorders.)
College Journalism. By Principal Oliver E. Branch, A. B., of the
Forestville Free Academy, 1875, p. 679.
College Library Administration. By Professor Otis H. Robinson,
A. M., University of Rochester, 1877, p. 599.
College of the city of New York. (See Department of Mixed
Mathematics in.)
College. (See Course of Study Preparatory for.)
College. (See Normal Instruction in.) 1869, p. 701.
College. (See Should Study in College be Confined, etc.)
Colleges. (See Classical Study, Lewis.)
Colleges. Proposed History of. (See Statement of the Plan, etc.)
Colleges. (See Relations of the Colleges and the Secondary Schools.)
Colleges. (See Relation of Public High Schools to.)
Colleges. (See Relation of Universities to.)
Collegiate Education of Women. By President L. Clark Seelye,
D. D., of Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 1879, p. 563.
Collegiate Education. (See Necessity of Collegiate Education, etc.)
101
802
UNIVERSITY
ERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Collegiate Education. (See Statistics of.)
Comfort, George F. (See Fine Arts, the, as an Undergraduate
Study.)
Common Schools. (See Academy, the, in its Relation to the work of.)
Common School Teachers. (See Instruction of.)
Common School Teachers. (See Statistical Report of.)
Comstock's Chemistry. 1885, p. 96.
Comparative Literature. By Professor Charles Chauncey Shackford,
A. M., of Cornell University, 1877, p. 754.
Comparative Philology. By J. Wilson, A. M., Principal of Onon-
daga Academy, 1866, p. 111.
Composition of the French Language and some Principles of French
Etymology. By Professor Herman C. G. Brandt, A. M., of Hamil-
ton College, 1877, p. 575.
Comstock, Rev. Cyrus. Memoir of, 1875, p. 640.
Conklin, Dr. William A. (See Utility of Zoological Collections
and Education.)
Conference of the Presidents of the Colleges of the State of New
York, in 1884. 1885, p. 154.
Construction of Latin Prepositions with Cases by Principles. Ezra
J. Peck, A. M., of Homer Academy and Union School, 1878,
p. 426.
* *
Cooley, Leroy C. (See Apparatus Suitable for Teaching Physical
and Natural Sciences in Colleges and Academies; suggestions in
regard to teaching *
Chemistry; Teaching Physical
Sciences in Academies; Why should Elementary Chemistry be
taught? etc.)
Cooper, Peter. Obituary notices of, 1884, p. 259.
Co-operation in indexing and cataloguing College Libraries. Report
of the committee appointed August, 1876. 1878, p. 472.
Co-relation of Academies and Universities. By Wesley C. Ginn, A.
M., Principal of Ithaca Academy, 1873, p. 560.
Cornelissen, Jan. (School-master; 164- to 1650), 1869, p. 872.
Cornell, Ezra. (Founder of Cornell University.) By Vice-President
William C. Russell, A. M., 1876, p. 665.
Cornell University. Report of the Department of Mechanic Arts
in, 1875, p. 667.
Corning, Erastus.
Costin, Michael P.
Costin, Michael P.
1885, p. 268.
Vice-Chancellor, 1873, p. 611.
(See Theories and Science.)
Obituary notice of, by Professor P. A. Halpin,
Course of Studies adapted to Human Necessities and to Human
Purposes. By David H. Cruttenden, A. M., of New York city,
1871, p. 534.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
803
Course of Study Preparatory for College. By J. S. Gardner, Ph.
D., Principal of Whitestown Seminary, 1864, p. 43.
Coventry, Professor Charles Brodhead. (By Dr. M. M. Bagg),
1876, p. 651.
Covey, Almira L., Preceptress of Amsterdam Academy. (By Prin-
cipal W. W. Thompson), 1880, p. 654.
Cowles, Augustus W. Remarks of, at Regents' Centennial, 1884, p.
89-150. (See Benjamin Simeon, Memorial of)
Crawford, Charles H. (See What Shall We Do With the Books ?)
Crosby, Howard. Notice of Professor B. N. Martin, by, 1885, p.
243.
Cruttenden, David H., A. M. (By Professor M. P. Cavert), 1875,
p. 749.
Cruttenden, David H. (See Course of Studies adapted to Human
Necessity, etc.)
Cubics. (See New Method of Solving.)
Culture and Limitation. By Professor John James Lewis, A. M., of
Madison University, 1878, p. 429.
Culture in Schools and Colleges. (See General and Special Culture
etc.)
Culture, Religious. (See Religious Culture, etc.)
Culture, Symmetrical. (See Symmetrical Culture.)
Curtiss, Alexander Carolus. (School-master, 1659-62), 1869, p. 874.
Curtiss, Elisha. Remarks of, at Regents' Centennial, 1885, p. 87,
149, 203.
p. 274.
Obituary notice of Alonzo M. Winchester by, 1885,
Curtis, George William. Centennial Address of, 1885, p. 23.
Cutting, George R. (See Ideal Convocation; Inter-Academic
Literary Union; Competitive Examinations.)
Cypriote Antiquities and Inscriptions. By Professor Isaac H. Hall,
A. M., Ph. D., of the Protestant College, Beirut, Syria, 1877, p.
589.
Cypriote Inscriptions. By Isaac H. Hall, A. M., Trustee of Rut-
gers' Female College, 1876, p. 523.
Dakin, Francis Elihu, of Freeport, Ill. Notice of, 1870, p. 597.
Darling, President. (See Mears, Professor John W., notice of.)
Davies, Charles. (See Metric System, report on; Metrical System
of Weights and Measures; Webster, Horace, notice of; Willard,
Mrs. Emma, sketch of.)
Davis, Charles Mortimer, of Utica, N. Y. Notice of, 1870, p.. 597.
Dawley, W. W. (See School Supervision and State Aid.)
Deaf-Mutes. (See Instruction of Deaf-Mutes.)
801
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Dealy, Patrick F. (See Method of Practical Instruction.)
De Beauvois, Cavel. (School Masters, 1661?) 1869, p. 879.
Decimal Systems. (See Abstract of Reports on.)
Defense of Rhetoric. By Anson J. Upson, A. M., Professor of
Logic, Rhetoric and Elocution in Hamilton College, 1866, p. 69.
Degrees, Honorary, Report on, 1872, p. 497.
De la Montagne, Johannes, jr., (School Master, 1652–63), 1869, p.
873.
Department of Mixed Mathematics in the College of the City of New
York. By John A. Nichols, LL. D., Professor of Mixed Math-
ematics in the College of the City of New York, 1869, p. 710.
Departure. (See New Departure, the, in Education.)
Dewey, Prof. Chester, D. D., LL. D., Late Professor of Chemistry
and Natural History in the University of Rochester, Sketch of
the Life of. By Martin B. Anderson, LL. D., President of the
University of Rochester, 1869, p. 797.
Differentials and the Method of Finding Them. By Prof. William
D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., of the Cornell University,
1874, p. 604.
Diplomas for Women. By Alonzo Flack, A. M., Principal of Clav-
erack Academy and Hudson River Institute, 1866, p. 153.
Discipline. (See School Discipline.)
Discourse Commemorative of Charles Anthon, LL. D., late Jay
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in Columbia
College. By Henry Drisler, LL. D., Jay Professor of the Greek
Language and Literature, Columbia College, 1869, p. 757.
Disorders, College. (See Treatment of College Disorders.)
Divisions of Study. (See Classification of General —.)
Dix, John Adams, LL. D. By Regent Charles E. Smith, 1880, p.
635.
Dixon, Joseph Raymond. By E. J. Peck, 1882, p. 429.
Doane, Rt. Rev. W. C., Notice of Orlando Meads, by, 1885, p. 257.
Do Our Schools Tend to Destroy Practical Talent? By Principal
G. W. Gillette, Schuylerville, N. Y., 1884, p. 224.
Docherty, Gerardus B. (See Study of Mathematics.)
Dodge, Ebenezer. Remarks on the Relations of the Public School
System to the Higher Education of the State, 1885, p. 141, 146.
Remarks at Conference of College Presidents, 1884–1885, p.
172, 175.
Draper, John W. By Prof. Benjamin N. Martin, 1883, p. 477.
Drawing, Importance of, as a Branch of Collegiate Education. By
John A. Nichols, LL. D., Professor of Mixed Mathematics in the
New York Free Academy, 1865, p. 373.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
805
Drawing in Public Education; What Should be Taught in Primary,
Grammar and High Schools. By John S. Clark, 1880, p. 618.
Drisler, Henry. (See Discourse Commemorative of Charles An-
thon.)
Dryden Union School, Historical Sketch, 1877, p. 710.
Dunkirk Union School, Historical Sketch, 1877, p. 727.
Easter, Rev. John. (See Religious Culture of College and Semi-
nary Students.)
Eaton, John. (See National Bureau of Education.)
Eaton, President George W., of Madison University, 1873, p. 633.
Earthquakes. By Principal Solomon Sias, A. M., M. D., of Scho-
harie Union School, 1878, p. 399.
Eddy, Henry T. (See Method of Integrating the Square Root of
Quadratics.)
Educational Economy. By David Murray, Ph. D., Professor of
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in Rutgers Col-
lege, N. J., 1868, p. 621.
Education and the State. The Obligations of the State to Provide
for the Education of its Citizens the Extent of the Obligations
and the Grounds on which it Rests; A Commencement Address
by Frederick A. P. Barnard, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., President
of Columbia College, 1880, p. 665.
Educators, Christian. (See Relation of Christian Educators, etc.)
Education in Politics. By John Norton Pomeroy, LL. D, Gris-
wold Professor of Political Science in the University of the City
of New York, 1869, p. 815.
Education in Small Colleges. By Robert B. Fairbairn, D. D., LL.
D., Warden of St. Stephen's College, 1882, p. 333.
Education of Women, the. By S. Iranæus Prime, D. D., Trustee
of Wells College, 1876, p. 630.
Education: What is the Best? By Principal Thomas B. Lovell, A.
M., of the Attica Union School, 1881, p. 595.
Education. (See New Departure in
--)
Education. (See Primary Education, Morris.)
Edwards, James T. (See Symmetrical Culture.)
Egberts Institute, Cohoes, Historical Sketch, by Principal Oliver P.
Steves, 1877, p. 730.
Elective Studies. (See Should Study in College be Confined, etc.)
Elementary Chemistry. (See Why Should, etc.)
Elementary Instruction in the Classics. By N. W. Benedict, A. M.,
Principal of the Rochester Free Academy, 1866, p. 90.
Elisions to be Observed in Reading Latin Poetry. By Robert B.
Fairbairn, D. D., LL. D., Warden of St. Stephen's College, 1877,
p. 638.
806
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
)
Elocution. (See Plea for Elocution in the Academy.)
Encouragement of Practical Teaching. (See Teachers, Text-books,
etc.)
Endowments, Draft of a Bill for Encouragement of, 1868, p. 704.
Endowment of Our Higher Educational Institutions for Women.
By Professor Henry J. Van Lennep, D. D., of Ingham Univer-
sity, Le Roy, 1877, p. 745.
Endowments, Voluntary, of Colleges and Academies. By John V.
L. Pruyn, LL. D., Chancellor of the University of the State of
New York, 1868, p. 691.
Endowments, Voluntary, of Colleges and Academies. Appeal. Draft
of a Bill to Encourage, 1870, p. 611.
Ends and Means in Education. By President A. G. Gaines, of St.
Lawrence University, 188, p. 5881.
English. (See Influence of the Study of Latin Upon.)
English Grammar. (See Proper Construction of an.)
English Grammar. (See Science of English Grammar.)
English Grammar. (See Study of English Grammar.)
English, Higher. (See Written Examinations in.)
English Language. (See Classic Influence on the English Language.)
English Language. (See Study of the English Language)
English Language. (See Systems and Method of Logical Analysis,
etc.)
English-Latin. (See Roman Orthoëpy, etc.)
English Literature. (See Methods of Instruction.)
English Literature. (See Study of English Literature.)
English Literature. (See Term's Work, a, in English Literature.)
English. (See Study of English.)
Ethical Aspects of Science. By Cornelius M. O'Leary, A. M., M.
D., Ph. D., Professor of Latin and Greek and Literature in Man-
hattan College, 1873, p. 584.
Evans, Ellicott. (See Necessity of Collegiate Education in, etc.)
Evans, E. W. (See New Method of Solving Cubics, etc.)
Evans, Professor Evan W., A. M., 1875, p. 753.
Evolution in Ornament. (See Beginnings of Art on.)
Evolution in the Light of Recent Researches. By Professor
Cornelius M. O'Leary of Manhattan College, 1884, p. 143.
Evolution of the English Language from A. D. 449 to 1879. By
President John A. Weisse, M. D., American Philological Society,
New York city, 180, p. 553.
Evolution. (See Palæontological Evidences.)
Examinations of the New York Free Academy. By Adolph
Werner, M. S., Professor of the German Language and Litera-
ture, 1865, p. 376.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
807
Examinations. (See Higher Examinations.)
Examinations. (See Inter-Academic Competitive Examinations.)
Examinations. (Sec Regents' Examinations, etc.)
Examinations. (See Regents' Higher Examinations.)
Examinations. (See Written Examinations in Higher English,
etc.)
Excursions. (See Field Studies and Scientific Excursions.)
Executive Committee. Report of, by Rev. R. B. Fairbairn, D. D.,
LL. D., Chairman, 1882, p. 295.
Executive Committee, Report of. By Professor Truman J. Backus,
A. M., of Vassar College, Chairman, 1883, p. 290.
Expression in Reading; its Philosophy and Application. By Miss
Mary F. Hendrick of the Cortland Normal School, 1878, p. 454.
Extent and Character of Female Education. By Mrs. John H.
Willard, Principal of the Troy Female Seminary, 1866, p. 157.
Fairbairn, Robert B. (See Remarks at Conference of College Pres-
idents, 1885, p. 182; Education in Small Colleges; Elisions to
be Observed in Reading Latin Poetry; Executive Committee;
Report of; Report on Honorary Degrees; True Idea, the, of
a University.)
Farr, D. C. Remarks by, 1885, p. 205.
Female Colleges. (See Modifications of the Established Curricu-
lum, etc.)
Female Education; An Address to the Public; particularly to the
members of the Legislature of New York, proposing a plan for
improving. By Emma Willard (1819), 1870, p. 551.
Female Education. (See Extent and Character of.)
Female Education. (See Letter on the Education of Girls.)
Ferris, Chancellor Isaac, D. D., LL. D. By Professor Benjamin
M. Martin, D. D., L. H. D., 1874, p. 781.
Fictions. (See Legitimate use of Fictions, etc.)
Field Studies and Scientific Excursions. By Professor D. R. Ford,
D. D., of Elmira Female College, 1876, p. 623.
Fine Arts, the, as an Undergraduate Study. By Professor George
F. Comfort, A. M., of the Syracuse University, 1875, p. 741.
Fisher, Eustace W. (See Barton, Professor J. Graeff, Notice of.)
Fisher, Rev. Samuel Wave, D. D., LL. D. By President Samuel
G. Brown, D. D., LL. D., of Hamilton College, 1875, p. 758.
Fitch, Charles E. (See American College, the; Hale, Robert Safford,
Notice of.)
Flack, Alonzo. Remarks at Centennial of the Regents, 1885, p. 79;
On the Relation of the University to Colleges, 1885, p. 132. (See
Diplomas for Women; School Discipline; Written Examina-
tions in Higher English and the Classics.)
808
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Flagg, Isaac. (See Accent; the Value of, in Greek Verse.)
Forces. (See Modern Theory of Forces.)
Forces, Doctrine of. (See Natural Theology of.)
Ford, Darius R. (See Field Studies and Scientific Excursions;
Reserve in Teaching Theories.)
Foundations. (See Perpetual Foundations.)
Fox, Principal William, 1875, p. 764.
Franchises granted by the Legislature to Academies, 1873, p. 681.
Francke, August Hermann, of Halle, notice of, 1885, p. 189.
Free Academy in a System of Graded Schools. By Principal
Asa Gardiner Benedict, A. B., of the Rome Free Academy, 1875,
p. 704.
French and German in Colleges and Schools. By Horatio S. White,
of Cornell University, 1883, p. 394.
French Language. (See Composition of the French Language.)
Frink, Henry Allyn. (See Recitation-room, the, in its Relations,
etc.; Term's Work, a, in English Literature.)
Frisbee, E. S. (See Morgan, Edward Barber, Notice of.)
Frost, S. T. (See Geography outside of the Text-Books; Ono-
matology
how we came by our names, etc.)
Function of American College. (See Oration on the True Func-
tion, etc)
Functions of the Human Body. (See New Schemes of the, etc.)
Gaines, Charles K. (See Quantity as an Element in English
Verse.)
Gaines, A. G. (See Ends and Means in Education.)
Gallup, John Chester, M. D., Obituary Notice of. By Professor
Edward North, 1885, p. 270.
Gallup, Ezra S. (See Science, the, of Language.)
Gardner, J. S. (See Course of Study Preparatory for College.)
Gates, Merrill Edward. (See Greek in Our Preparatory Schools.)
General and Special Culture in our Schools and Colleges. By Pro-
fessor William D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., of Cornell
University, 1879, p. 510.
Geography outside of the Text-Books. By Principal S. T. Frost,
A. M., of South Berkshire Institution, New Marlboro, Mass.,
late of Amenia Seminary, 1879, p. 529.
German in the College Curriculum. By Adolph Werner, Professor
of the German Language and Literature in the College of the
city of New York, 1863, p. 713.
German Poets. (See Some Suggestions on the Study of.)
German. (See French and German.)
Gesture. (See Method of Teaching Gesture.)
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
809
Gillette, G. W. See (Do our Schools tend to destroy Practical
Talent?)
Gillett, John A., A. M., Obituary Notice of. By Charles T.
Andrews, 1885, p. 271.
Gilmore, J. H. (See Academy Libraries; Honor Studies in the
University at Rochester; Methods of Introduction in English
Literature; Report of Executive Committee, 1884, p. 2.)
Ginn, Wesley C. (See Co-relation of Academies and Universities.)
Girls, Education of. (See Letter on the.)
Goodwin, William II.
Gould, John Stanton.
(See Luckey, Samuel, Notice of.)
(See Agricultural Education.)
Gould, John Stanton. (By William C. Russell, A. M., Vice-Pres-
ident of Cornell University), 1876, p. 669.
Government. (See School Government.)
Graded Schools. (See Free Academy in a system of.)
Grammar as a Natural Science. By Professor Charles T. R. Smith,
A. M., of Lansingburgh Academy, 1874, p. 647.
Grammar, English. (See Proper Construction of.)
Grants and Franchises to Academies. 1873, p. 681.
Graves, Willis D. (See Classes for Instruction of Common School
Teachers.)
Greek, Ancient. (See Pronunciation of Ancient Greek.)
Greek in our Preparatory Schools. By Merrill Edward Gates, A.
M., Principal of Albany Academy, 1874, p. 669.
Greek. (See Importance of a Better Preparation, etc.)
Greek Verse. (See Accent, the value of, etc.)
Green, Trustee John C. (By Professor Benjamin N. Martin, D. D.,
L. H. D.,) 1876, p. 661.
Griffith Institute, Historical Sketch. By Rev. John A. Wells, A.
M., 1877, p. 713.
Griscom, John. Letter of, 1885, p. 95.
Guyot, Professor Arnold, LL. D. Obituary notice of, 1885, p. 252.
Hadley, George, M. D., 1880, p. 638.
Hale, Robert Safford. (By Regent Charles E. Fitch), 1883, p. 458.
Hall, Isaac H. (See Cypriote Antiquities and Inscriptions;
Cypriote Inscriptions.)
Halley, Rev. Ebenezer. (By President Potter), 1883, p. 463.
Halpin, P. A. (See Rhetoric; its system.)
268.
Notice of Rev. Michael P. Costin, S. J. by, 1885, p.
Halsey, Charles S. (See Relative Value of Studies pursued in
Academies; Study of English Grammar.)
102
810
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Hamilton College, Method of Instruction of Metaphysics taught in.
By Professor John W. Mears, 1880, p. 501.
Hamilton, James H., M. D., 1880, p. 641.
Hamilton, Sir William, and other teachers of Philosophy. By Pro-
fessor John W. Mears, D. D., of Hamilton College, 1872, p. 717.
Harkins, William. (See Modern Languages in our Schools; Science
of English Grammar.)
Harrington, James P.
1883, p. 474.
(By Superintendent Andrew McMillan),
Harris, Dr. Elisha. Obituary notice of, by Louis W. Pratt, 1885.
p. 266.
Hartt, C. H. Fred. (See Beginnings of Art or Evolution in Orna-
ment.)
Hart, Professor Charles Frederick, A. M. (By Professor Daniel S
Martin), 1871, p. 547.
Harvard College. Endowments of, 1868, p. 701.
Haven, Erastus O. (See Higher Examinations.)
Hawley, Gideon, LL. D., Remarks on the Life and Character of.
By John V. L. Pruyn, LL. D., Chancellor of the University of
the State of New York, 1871, p. 657.
Healthfulness of Intellectual Pursuits. By Principal John E. Brad-
ley, of the Albany High School, 1875, p. 723.
Hegeman, Adriaen. (School-master, 1659–71), 1869, p. 879.
Hendrick, Mary F.
etc.)
Hicks, Mrs. Mary D.
Higher English. (See Written Examination in.)
Higher Education.
System to.)
(See Expression in Reading; its Philosophy,
(See Industrial Drawing in Public Schools.)
(See Relations, the, of the Public School
Higher Examinations. By Chancellor Erastus O. Haven, D. D.,
LL. D., of Syracuse University, 1878, p. 407.
High Schools. (See Relation of Public High Schools to Colleges.)
Hill, A. C. (See Academies and Secondary Education)
Hinckley, John Goddard, of Westfield, N. Y. Notice of, 1870, p.
597.
Hinkel, Charles T. (See Influence of the Study of Latin upon
Liberal Education etc.)
Historical Method in Education, the. By Professor William C.
Morey, Ph. D., of Rochester University, 1881, p. 599.
Historical Monuments and Memorials of the State of New York.
By Daniel S. Martin, A. M., Professor of Ancient Classics in
Rutgers Female College, 1869, p. 721.
Histories of Literary Institutions. R. B. Welch, Chairman, 1877,
p. 643.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
811
History, the, and conditions of Science-Teaching in the Aca-
demies of this State, and some reflections thereon. By Joel Dor-
man Steele, Ph. D., 1885, p. 93.
History in its relations to Practical Life. By Professor Selah Pow-
ell, A. M., Christian Biblical Institute, Stamfordville, Dutchess
Cɔ., 1877, p. 557.
History of Colleges and Universities. (See Statement of the plan
proposed, etc.)
Holy Scriptures. (See Knowledge, a, of the.)
Honor Studies in the University of Rochester. By Professor J. H.
Gilmore, A. M., 1882, p. 347.
Honorary Degrees. Report on, 1872, p. 497.
Honors, Academic. By Erastus C. Benedict, LL. D., 1872, p. 505.
Hoose, James H. (See Arithmetical Preparation Necessary to
Commence the Study of Algebra as a Basis of a Course of Study
in Schools.)
Hopkins, Abel G. Professor Charles Avery, LL. D., Notice of,
1884, p. 262. (See Study of Latin.)
Horace, a few Thoughts upon. By Professor Cornelius M. O'Leary,
A. M., M. D., Ph. D., of Manhattan College, 1879, p. 517.
Hough, Franklin B., A. M., M. D., Ph. D. (See Statement of the
Plan Proposed, etc.)
Houghton, Principal James Dunbar, A. M. By Principal Albert
B. Watkins, 1876, p. 655.
How to Read. By Alden B. Whipple, M. D., Principal of the
Lansingburgh Academy, 1868, p. 655.
Howell, Selah. (See History in its Relations to Practical Life.)
Hudde, Andries (1654), 1869, p. 883.
Human Body. (See New Scheme of the Functions of.)
Humor in the School Room. By Principal Hyland C. Kirk, of
Phelps Union and Classical School, 1880, p. 577.
Hungerford, Hon. John Newton, Obituary Notice of, by Professor
Edward North, 1884, p. 279.
Hungerford, Gen. Solon D., Obituary Notice of, 1885, p. 258.
Ideal Convocation, the. By Principal George R. Cutting, A. M., of
Waterville Union School, 1882, p. 314.
Ideal, True, of Liberal Education. (See True Ideal, etc.)
Importance of a Better Preparation of Young Men in the Greek
and Latin Languages for Admission to College. By Benjamin
Stanton, A. M., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature
in Union College, 1866, p. 49.
Indexing. (See Co-operation in Indexing, etc.)
India. (See American Educators in.)
Indo-European Languages, Study of the By Principal Thomas
Raftery, A. M., LL. B., of Kingston Academy, 1881, p. 580.
812
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Industrial Drawing in Public Schools. By Mrs. Mary D. IIicks, of
the Syracuse High School, 1876, p. 749.
Industrial Drawing. (See Questions and Suggestions, etc.)
Influence of John Stuart Mill on Modern Education. By Professor
Cornelius M. O'Leary, A. M., M. D., Ph. D., of Manhattan Col-
lege, 1874, p. 707.
Influence of Language on Thought. By Professor William D. Wil-
son, D. D., LL. D., of Cornell University, 1880, p. 487.
Influence of the Study of Latin upon the Study of English in
Schools. By Prof. Charles J. Hinkel, Ph. D., of Vassar College,
1874, p. 587.
Ingalsbe, Grenville M. (See Study of Physical Geography.)
Ingham, Miss Marietta, Notice of, 1868, p. 708.
Instruction in Vocal Music in Schools. By Principal Isaac O. Best,
A. M., of Clinton Grainmar School, 1877, p. 584.
Instruction of Common School Teachers. By Principal Levi D.
Miller, A. M., of the Haverling Union School, Bath, Steuben Co.,
1874, p. 595.
Instruction of Common School Teachers. (See Statistical Report
of.)
Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, the. By Mrs. Charles Kelsey, of Cayuga
Lake Academy, 1875, p. 659.
Intellectual Education. By Rev. Brother Justin, of Manhattan
College, 1881, p. 510.
Intellectual Pursuits. (See Healthfulness of.)
Inter-Academic Competitive Examinations. By Principal George
R. Cutting, A. M., of Waterville Union School, 1877, p. 572.
Inter-Academic Literary Union; its Purposes, Merits and Needs.
By Principal George R. Cutting, A. M., of Waterville Union
School, 1880, p. 566.
Inter-Academic Literary Union, Constitution of, 1876, p. 486.
Jackson, Isaac W., LL. D., Nott Professor of Mathematics in Union
College. By President Eliphalet Nott Potter, 1879, p. 583.
Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute, Historical Sketch,
1877, p. 716.
Jansen, Andries (School-Master, 1650), 1869, p. 880.
Jewell, Frederick S. (See Relation of the Art of Analysis to the
Art of Teaching; Roman Orthoëpy as Opposed to English-
Latin; System and Method of Logical Analysis.)
Jones, George W. (See Whole Work, the, of Academies.)
Jones, Prof. W. V., Joseph S. St. John, Obituary Notice of, 1884,
P. 267.
Joosten, Jacob (School-Master, 1660-65), 1869, p. 880.
Joum, Rev. Louis. (See Study of Philosophy.)
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
813
Journalism. (See College Journalism.)
Justin, Rev. Brother. Remarks at Conference of College Presi-
dents, 1885, p. 186. (See Intellectual Education.)
Just Place, the, and Proportion of the Several Students Commonly
Comprised in a Sub-graduate Course of Instruction. By Charles
Murray Maine, M. A., Professor of Philosophy and Belles Lettres
in Columbia College, 1865, p. 335.
Kater, Captain, Re-examination of Determination of the Weight
of a Given Volume of Water by, 1872, p. 668.
Kelly, Trustee William, Notice of, 1873, p. 643.
Kelsey, Mrs. Charles. (See Instruction of Deaf Mutes.)
Kenyon, Rev. William Colegrove, A. M., Notice of, 1868, p. 712.
Kerr, Rev. George, LL. D., Notice of, 1868, p. 709.
Kimball, Rodney G. (See Abstract of Reports on Decimal System,
etc.)
King, Joseph E., D. D., Remarks at, of Regents' Centennial, 1885,
p. 4.
Remarks on Science Teaching, 1885, p. 112.
Remarks on the Relations of the University to the
Colleges, etc., 1885, p. 128.
King's College, Refounding of. (See Annals of Public Educa-
tion, 1874.)
Kingston Academy, Noticed, 1884, p. 63.
Kircher V., President of Niagara U. (See Some Suggestions on the
Study of Modern German Poets.)
Kirk, Hyland C. (See Classification of General Divisions of
Study; Humor in the School Room; Libraries, and How to Use
Them; Phelps Union Classical School.)
Knowlege of the Holy Scriptures an Indispensable Element of
Liberal Education. By Taylor Lewis, LL. D., Professor of the
Greek and Oriental Languages in Union College, 1867, p. 672.
Knox, John Jay. By Professor Edward North, L. H. D., 1877,
p. 741.
Laboratory Practice. By Professor Albert H. Chester, A. M., E.
M., of Hamilton College, 1875, p. 622.
Lambert, Thomas S. (See New Scheme of the Functions, etc.)
La Monte, Wellington. (See Canisteo Academy, Historical Sketch.)
L'Amoreaux, Wendell. (See Study, the, of Language, etc.)
Land, Surveying, on, in the State of New York. By Principal
Aaron White, A. M., of Canastota Union School, 1877, p. 617.
Lang, Andrew J., A. M., Principal of Waverly Institute, 1872, p.
699.
Language, Classical, or Continental. (See Study of.)
814
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
(
By D. J.
Language, the Chief Educator and Noblest Liberal Art.
Pratt, A. M., Principal of Fredonia Academy, 1864, p. 33.
Language. (See Science, the, of.)
Lansing, John G. (See Pre-Islamic Literature.)
Latin Etymology. By Professor Frank Smalley, A. M., Syracuse
University, 1882, p. 393.
Latin Prepositions. (See Construction of, etc.)
Latin Pronunciation Practically Considered. By Professor Tracy
Peck, A. M., of Cornell University, 1876, p. 543.
Latin. (See Importance of a Better Preparation, etc.)
Latin. (See Influence of the Study of Latin, etc.)
Latin. (See Plea for the Study of.)
Latin. (See Pronunciation of.)
Latin. (See Roman Orthoëpy, etc.)
Latin. (See Study of Latin.)
Latin. (See Study, the, of Latin Without Reference, etc.)
Lectures and Text-books. By Joseph Alden, D. D., LL.D., New
York State Normal School, 1871, p. 520.
Legal Studies. (See Necessity of Collegiate Education for a Pre-
paration.)
Legislative Grants and Franchises Enacted for the Benefit of Acad-
emies. By Daniel J. Pratt, 1873, p. 681.
Legitimate Use of Fictions in the Prosecution and Discussions of
Science. By W. D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., Cornell
University, 1884, p. 127.
Letter on the Education of Girls. By M. E. Thalheimer, 1868, p.
603.
Lewis, John James. (See Culture and Limitation.)
Lewis, Professor John Tayler. Abstract of Memoir. By President
Eliphalet Nott Potter, D. D., LL. D., of Union College, 1878, p.
477.
Lewis, Tayler. (See Classical Study, etc.; Knowledge of the Holy
Scriptures; Methods of Teaching * Memoritem; Moral,
X
*
the, and the Secular in Education; My Old School-Master;
True Ideal, the, of Liberal Education.)
Liberal Education. By Charles J. Hinkel, Ph. D., Professor of
Ancient and Modern Languages in Vassar College, 1871, p. 493.
Liberal Education, the Essential Elements of. By Prof. Joseph R.
Buchanan, M. D., of the Eclectic Medical College of New York
city, 1879, p. 570.
Liberal Education. (See True Ideal of.)
Libraries and How to Use Them; a Report by Principal H. C. Kirk,
of the Phelps Union School, 1883, p. 292.
Libraries, Discussion on (July, 1882), 1883, p. 299.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
815
Libraries, Public, and Their Use. By J. Harvey McKee, LL. B.,
of the Delaware Literary Institute, 1883, p. 295.
Library. (See College Library Administration.)
Libraries. (See Co-operation in Indexing and Cataloguing.)
Licensing of Common School Teachers. By Principal Eugene
Bouton, A. B., Sherburne Union School, 1880, p. 537.
Limits, the, of Normal School Training. By Prof. James M. Milne,
of Cortland Normal School, 1885, p. 189.
Lincoln, Dr. D. F. (See Sanitation.)
Literary Culture. (See Value, the, and Means of, in Academies.)
Literary Exercises in Academies. By Samuel G. Love, A. M., Prin-
cipal of the Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute,
1868, p. 647.
Literature as a Study for Young Ladies. By Mrs. E. J. Lee Blunt,
Teacher of German and Drawing in Deposit Academy, 1870, p.
521.
Lloyd, Thomas Spencer, Obituary Notice of, 1884, p. 271.
Logical Analysis. (See System and Method of.)
Love, Samuel G. (See Literary Exercises in Academies; Practi-
cai Education.)
Lovell, Thomas B. (See Education; What is the Best ?)
Lozier, Mrs. Clemence S. (See Body and Mind, etc.)
Lubbertsen, Jan (1658), 1869, p. 884.
Luckey, Samuel, D. D. (Regent). By William H. Goodwin, 1871,
p. 669.
Lucretius, Philosopher and Poet. By Prof. Frank Smalley, of Syr-
acuse University, 1881, p. 564.
Luyck, Ægidius (Latin School-Master, 1662-64), 1869, p. 874.
Lyman, Hannah W., First Lady Principal of Vassar College. By
President John H. Raymond, LL. D., 1872, p. 694.
McAfee, William. (See Claverack Academy and Hudson River
Institute.)
McClary, M. Eugene. (See Classical Influence on the English
Language.)
McGraw, John (Trustee).
By Prof. William D. Wilson, D. D.,
LL. D., L. H. D., 1878, p. 486.
McKee, J. Harvey. (See Libraries, Public, and their Use.)
McMillan, Andrew. (See Harrington, James P., Notice of.)
McNaughton, Prof. James, M. D., of the Albany Medical College,
1875, p. 745.
Mauet's Conversations on Natural Philosophy, 1885, p. 94.
March, Alden, M. D., LL. D., Necrological Notice of, 1870, p. 588.
Marsh, Prof. M. M., M. D., Rutgers College, 1869, p. 872.
816
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Martin, Benjamin N. (See Andrews, Loring, Notice of, Classics,
the, in Education; Draper, John W., Notice of; Ferris, Isaac,
Notice of; Green, John C., Notice of; Morse, S. F. B., Notice
of; Natural Theology of Doctrine of Forces; Recent Physical
Theories, etc.; Tappan, Henry P., "Notice of)
Martin, Rev. Benjamin N., D. D., L. H. D., Obituary Notice of,
1885, p. 237.
Martin, Daniel S. (See Hart, Charles Frederick, Notice of; His-
torical Monuments and Memorials; Moral Aspect of Scientific
Education; Morris, Oran W., Notice of; Orton, James, Notice
of; Relation of Christian Educators, etc.; Rutgers Female Col-
lege, Historical Account; Torrey, John, Notice of.)
Martin, Mrs. Louisa C., Obituary Notice of, by Dr. S. D. Burchard,
1884, p. 275.
Mathematical Teaching in Academies. By Prof. Truman B. Saf-
ford, Ph. D., of Williams College, 1882, p. 298.
Mathematics. (See Method of Studying and Teaching.)
Mathematics. (See Nature, the, and Method of Teaching.)
Mathematics. (See Positive and Negative Terms in.)
Mathematics, Mixed. (See Department of Mixed Mathematics in
College of the City of New York.)
Mathematics. (See Study of.)
Mattice, Principal A. Remarks on the Public School System, 1885,
p. 147.
Meads, Orlando, LL. D. Obituary notice of, 1885, p. 257.
Mears, John W. (See Hamilton, Sir William, and other Teachers,
Hamilton College, Methods of Instruction, etc; Treatment of
College Disorders; Walls, Henry, Notice of.)
Mears, Professor John W. (By President Darling), 1883, p. 467.
Measures of Capacity, and the weight of a given volume of water,
Note on, 1872, p. 661.
Mechanic Arts in Cornell University. Report of the Department of,
1875, p. 667.
Memorials. (See Historical Monuments and ——.)
Memoriter Instruction. (See Methods of Teaching, with Special
Reference to, etc.)
Mental Philosophy in Common Schools. By Principal William H.
Rodgers, A. M., of Nunda Academy, 1876, p. 637.
Metaphysics as taught in Hamilton College. (See Method of In-
struction.)
Metaphysics. (See Speculations in.)
Method of Classical Instruction. By Rev. Patrick F. Dealy, S. J.,
Professor of Rhetoric, in the College of St. Francis Xavier, New
York city, 1870, p. 601.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
817
Methods of Instruction in English Literature. By Professor J. H.
Gilmore, A. M., of the University of Rochester, 1883, p. 350.
Methods of integrating the Square Roots of Quadratics. By Henry
T. Eddy, C. E., Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics in
Cornell University, 1873, p. 733.
Method of teaching Gesture. By Homer B. Sprague, A. M., Ph.
D., late Principal of the Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, 1876, p.
597.
Method of Studying and Teaching Mathematics. By Otis H. Robin-
son, A. M., Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the University
of Rochester, 869, p. 1744.
Methods of Teaching, with special reference to what is called Mem-
oriter Instruction. By Tayler Lewis, LL. D., Professor of Ancient
and Oriental Languages in Union College, 1865, p. 404.
Metrical System. Historical Statement, 1872, p. 691.
676.
Note on British Legislation concerning, 1872, p.
Note on the extent to which it has been already
adopted, 1872, p. 682.
Origin and nature of, 1872, p. 685.
By Frederick A. P. Bar-
nard, S. T. D., LL. D., President of Columbia College, 1872, p.
555.
Report on the. By Charles Davies, LL. D.,
Chairman of the Committee on Coins, Weights and Measures,
1871, p. 625.
By Charles Davies, LL. D.,
Chairman of the Convocation Committee on Coins, Weights and
Measures, 1873, p. 6±5.
Report of the Minority of Committee. By James
B. Thompson, LL. D., of New York city, 1873, p. 659.
Michigan University. Endowments of, 1868, p. 704.
Military Drill in Academies. By Colonel Charles J. Wright, A. M.,
of Peekskill Academy, 1877, p. 623.
Military Drill in Colleges and Academies, illustrated by that of the
Albany Academy. By Edward P. Waterbury A. M., President
of the State Normal School at Albany, 1883, p. 385.
Mill, John Stuart. (See Influence of John Stuart Mill, etc)
Miller, George Benjamin, D. D., Notice of. 1870, p. 593.
Miller, Levi D. (See Instruction of Common School Teachers;
Political Economy in High Schools.)
Mills, Richard. (School-master, 1657-61), 1869, p. 878.
Milne, Professor James M., of Cortland Normal School. (See
Limits, the, of Normal School Training.)
103
818
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Remarks on Normal Schools, 1885, pp. 200, 206.
Milne, William J. (See Basis of Methods of Teaching.)
Mind. (See Body and Mind; their Conservative Influence, etc.)
Modern Agnosticism considered in reference to its Philosophical
Basis. By Professor William D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H.
D., Cornell University, 1882, p. 401.
Modern Languages in Our Schools. By Superintendent William
Hawkins, A. M., of Dunkirk Union School, 1880, p. 507.
Modern Theory of Forces, the. By Professor Ransom B. Welch,
D. D., LL. D., of Union University, 1875, p. 569.
Modification of the Established Curriculum Requisite and Legitimate
in Colleges for Young Women. By George W. Samson, D. D.,
President of Rutgers Female College, New York city, 1873, p.
573.
Molenaan, Arent Evertsen (Schoolmaster, 1661), 1869, p. 880.
Moneys, Unification of, Note on, 1872, p. 641.
Monroe, Daniel S. (See Classical Training.)
Monuments. (See Historical Monuments, etc.)
Moore, Frank R. (See Brain versus Muscle.)
Moral, the, and the Secular in Education. By Tayler Lewis, LL.
D., L. H. D., Professor of Ancient and Oriental Languages in
Union College, 1873, p. 517.
Moral Aspect of Scientific Education. By Professor Daniel S.
Martin, A. M., of Rutgers Female College, New York city, 1880,
p. 507.
Morehouse, Oliver. (See Relations of the School to the State;
Study of the English Language.)
Morey, William C. (See Historical Method, the, in Education.)
Morey, William C. (See Roman Law, Study of, etc.)
Morgan, Edwin Barber. (By President E. S. Frisbee), 1883, p. 460.
Morgan, T. J. (See Some Open Questions About Normal Schools —
a Mere Outline.)
Morris, Oran W. (Sec Primary Education.)
Morris, Professor Oran W., M. D. By Professor Daniel S. Martin,
1879, p. 594.
Morse, Professor Samuel F. B., LL. D. By Professor B. M.
Martin, L. H. D., 1873, p. 629.
Mosher, Dr. Jacob S. Obituary Notice of. By Dr. S. B. Ward,
1885, p. 260.)
Munro Collegiate Institute, Elbridge, N. Y. Historical Sketch,
With Biographical Notices of Squire Nathan and John Munro,
and of John Rice, 1878, p. 701.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
819
Murray, David. (See Educational Economy.)
Letter to Mrs. Ann Parker Pruyn, 1885, p. 8.
Music. (See Instruction in Vocal Music.)
My Old School-master. By Professor Tayler Lewis, LL. D., L. H.
D., of Union University, 1875. p. 625.
Names. (See Onomatology.)
Nairne, Charles Murray. (See Just Place
Studies, etc.)
*
*
*
of Several
National Bureau of Education. By the Hon. John Eaton, United
States Commissioner of Education, 1876, p. 591.
Natural Theology, the, of the Doctrine of Forces. By Professor
Benjamin N. Martin, D. D., L. H. D., University of the City of
New York, 1872, p. 701.
Nature and Method of Teaching Mathematics. By William D.
Wilson, D. D., LL. D., Acting President and Professor of
Christian Ethics, Logic, Intellectual Philosophy and History, in
Hobart College, 1868, p. 659.
Necessity of Collegiate Education as a Preparation for Legal Studies.
By Ellicott Evans, LL. D., Professor of Law, History, Civil
Polity and Political Economy in Hamilton College, 1866, p. 39.
Necrology. (See University Necrology.)
New Departure, the, in Education. By Erastus F. Bullard, A. M.,
Principal of Keeseville Academy, 1874, p. 567.
New Method of Solving Cubics and Trinomial Equations of alı
Degrees. By E. W. Evans, M. A., Professor of Mathematics in
the Cornell University, 1871, p. 605.
New Netherland Public Education in the Colony of, 1624–1664,
1869, p. 833.
New Scheme of the Functions of the Human Body. By Professor
Thomas S. Lambert, M. D., LL. D., of the Claverack Academy
and Hudson River Institute, 1875, p. 674.
New York College of Dentistry. Historical Sketch, 1877, p. 737.
New York Free Academy. (See Examinations of the.)
New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, Historical
Sketch, 1877, p. 734.
New York, State of. (See Historical Monuments and Memorials
of.)
Nexsen, H. M. (See Arithmetic and Algebra, etc.)
Nichols, John Augustus, LL. D., late Professor of Mixed Mathema-
tics in the College of the City of New York. By Professor
Adolph Werner, of the same College, 1870, p. 582.
Nichols, John A. (See Department of Mixed Mathematics;
Drawing, Importance of, etc.)
Noble, Rev. Charles. (See Briggs, George W., Notice of.)
820
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Nominalism. (See Realism and Nominalism.)
Normal Departments in Academies. By M. Weed, A. M., Principal
of Middlebury Academy, 1866, p. 137.
Normal Instruction in Academies. By Noah T. Clarke, A. M.,
Principal of Canandaigua Academy, 1869, p. 732.
Normal Instruction in College. By Edward North, A. M., Robin-
son Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in Hamilton
College, 1869, p. 701.
Normal Instruction in Colleges. By Professor Edward North, L.
H. D., Hamilton College, 1882, p. 390.
Normal Instruction in Science, in the American Museum of Natural
History. Remarks by Professor A. S. Bickmore, of New York,
1884, p. 237.
Normal Schools and Study of the Classics. (See Our Normal
Schools, etc.)
Normal Schools. (See Some Open Questions about Normal Schools,
etc.)
Normal Training in Colleges, Report on. By Professor S. G. Wil-
liams, of Cornell University, 1883, p. 342.
Normal School Training. (See Limits, the, of Normal School
Training.)
North, Edward. (See Blackboard, use of, in Studying Greek; Gal-
lup, John Chester, Notice of; IIungerford, Ilon. John N.,
Notice of; Knox, John J., Notice of Normal Instruction in
Colleges; North, Rev. Dr. Simeon; Pruyn, John V. L., Notice of
Remarks on; Regents' Higher Examinations; Regents' Uni
versity Catalogue; Woolworth, Samuel B., Remarks on.)
North, Simeon. Obituary Notice of, 1885. p. 235.
Notation. (See Remarks on Notation.)
Oakwood Seminary, Historical Sketch. By President J. J. Thomas,
1877, p. 691.
Obituary Notices. (See University Necrology.)
O'Brien, John W. (See Academy, the, in its Relation to the work
of Common Schools.)
O'Leary, Cornelius M. (See Ethical Aspects of Science; Evolu-
tion in the Light of Recent Researches; Horace, a few thoughts
upon; Influence of John Stuart Mill upon Modern Education;
Physiology in relation to Psychology.)
Observatories, Notice of Early, 1885, p. 102.
Onomatology; how we come by our Names of Places and People.
By B. T. Frost, A. M., ex-Principal of Amenia Seminary, 1881,
p. 606.
Opening Address (July, 1882).
By Hon. Henry R. Pierson,
Chancellor, 1883, p. 285; 1885, p. 1.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION
821
Oration on the true Function of the American College. By Pres-
ident Aaron L. Chapin, D. D., LL. D., of Beloit College, Wis-
consin, 1883, p. 491.
Order of Study in Natural Science. By I'rofessor R. S. Bosworth,
of Watertown, 1884, p. 195.
Ornament, Evolution of. (See Beginnings of Art or ·)
Orthoëpy. (See Roman Orthoëpy, etc.)
Orton, James, A. M., Professor of Geology and Natural History,
Vassar College. By Professor Daniel S. Martin, 1880, p. 650,
Our Normal Schools and the Study of the Classics in the same.
By Norman F. Wright, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages
in the Cortland Normal School, 1871, p. 559.
Owen, John Jason, D. D., LL. D., Vice-President of the College of
the city of New York, Notice of, 1870, p. 591.
Packard, Levi S. (See School Supervision.)
Palæontological Evidence, as bearing upon the Theory of Evolution.
By Professor Henry S. Williams, Ph. D., of Cornell University,
1882, p. 319.
Parks, Isaac D. D. (Regent), Necrologist, Notice of, 1870, p. 587.
Parsons, Lorenzo, of Westfield, New York, Notice of, 1870, p. 596.
Parsons, Professor William, LL. D., of Ingham University. By
Mrs. Parsons, 1879, p. 601.
Parsons, Mrs. (See Parsons, Professor William L.)
Peck, Ezra J. (See Classics, why should the....be Studied, etc.;
Construction of Latin Prepositions, etc.; Dixon, Joseph Ray-
mond, Notice of.)
Peck, Jesse T. Rev., D. D., LL. D., Obituary Notice of. By Regent
Warren, 1884, p. 266.
Peck, Tracy. (See Latin Pronunciation Practically Considered.)
Perpetual Foundations, (By Goldwin Smith, Oxon, Professor of
English Constitutional History in the Cornell University, 1870,
P. 576.
Phelps, Oliver, Noticed, 1884, p. 65.
Phelps Union and Classical School, Historical Sketch. By Principal
Hyland C. Kirk, 1877, p. 694.
Philology. (See Comparative Philology.)
Philosophy of the College Curriculum. (Abstract of a paper on the.)
By Professor T. J. Backus, of the Packer Collegiate Institute, 1881,
p. 239.
Philosophy. (See Study of Philosophy.)
Physical Culture. By Captain Thomas Ward, U. S. A., Professor
of Military Science and Tactics in Union College, 1877, p. 563.
Physical Geography, the Study of. By G. M. Ingalsbee, 1871, p.
511.
822
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Physical Sciences. (See Ancient and Modern Estimates of, etc.)
Physical Science. (See Teaching Physical Science.)
Physical Science. (See Speculations in.)
Physical Theories. (See Recent Physical Theories)
Physiology in relation to Psychology. By Cornelius M. O'Leary,
A. M., M. D., Ph. D., Professor of Greek, Latin and English
Literature in Manhattan College, 1871, p. 523.
Pierce, Henry A. Obituary notice of, by Superintendent Beattie,
1884, p. 269.
Pierson, Henry R. (See Address by; Opening address by.)
Pietersen, Evert. (School-master; 1661-68?) 1869, p. 874.
Plan to harmonize our Public School System. By Principal John
W. Armstrong, D. D., of the Fredonia Normal School, 1878,
p. 443.
Plea for Elocution in the Academy. By Miss Kate M. Thomas,
Teacher of Elocution in Fort Plain Seminary, 1876, p. 617.
Plea for the Study of Latin. By Rev. John A. Wells, A. M., of
Griffith Institute, Springville, 1877, p. 519.
Political Economy in High Schools. By Principal Levi D. Miller,
A. M., of Haverling Union School, Bath, 1880, p. 547.
Politics. (See Education in Politics.)
Pomeroy, John Norton. (See Education in Politics.)
Pomfret, James E., M. D. Notice of, 1870, p. 598.
Porter, President. Notice of Professor B. N. Martin by, 1885, p.
240.
Positive and Negative Terms in Mathematics. By Professor William
D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., of Cornell University, 1875,
p. 652.
Post-Graduate Degrees. By Professor C. W. Bennett, of Syracuse
University, 1884, p. 251.
Potter, Clarkson Nott. (By President Potter), 1883, p. 465.
Potter, Eliphalet Nott. Remarks at Conference of College Presidents
in 1884, 1885, p. 179. (See Address by; Allen Thomas, Notice
of; Campbell, William W.; Halley, Rev. Ebenezer; Jackson,
Isaac W.; Lewis, Professor John Tayler; Potter, Clarkson
Nott; Tracy, William.)
Practical Education. By Principal Samuel G. Love, A. M., of the
Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute, 1876, p. 554.
Practical Teaching. (See Teachers, Text-Books, etc.)
Pratt, Daniel J. (See Annals of Public Education; Language
the Chief Educator, etc.; Legislative Grants and Franchises;
Requirements for Admission to Colleges, Statistics of College
Education; University Necrology.)
Pratt, Louis W. Notice of Dr. Elisha Harris by, 1885, p. 266.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCAtion.
823
Precession of the Equinoxes. By Principal Solomon Sias, A. M.,
M. D., of Schoharie Union School, 1880, p. 544.
Pre-Islamic Literature. By John G. Lansing, A. B., of Cairo, Egypt,
1877, p. 763.
Preparatory Course of Study. (See Course of Study preparatory for
College.)
Preparatory Studies. (See Studies on the, proper to be pursued,
etc.)
Primary Education. By Oran W. Morris, A. M., Cooper Institute
New York city, 1872, p. 551.
Prime, S. Irenaeus. (See Education of Women.)
Prizes in Schools as Usually Distributed. By Principal Michael P.
Cavert, A. M., of Rhinebeck Union School, 1877, p. 527.
Pronunciation of Ancient Greek: Shall it be according to Accent
or according to Quantity. By Professor Jesse A. Spencer, S. T.
D., of the College of the city of New York, 1876, p. 563.
Pronunciation of Greek and Latin. By Nehemiah W. Benedict,
D. D., Principal of Rochester Free Academy, 1872, p. 485.
Proper Construction of an English Grammar. By Amos Brown,
LL. D., formerly President of the People's College, 1872, p. 560.
Proportion of Studies in a Sub-graduate Course. (See Just place,
etc.)
Provost, David. (School-master, 1647?) 1869, p. 882.
Pruyn, Mrs. Ann Parker. Letter from, 1885, p. 8.
Pruyn, John V. L. (See Endowments, Voluntary, etc; Hawley,
Gideon, Remarks on.)
Presentation of portrait of, 1884, p. 8.
Pruyn, John V. L., LL. D. (By Professor Edward North, L. II.
D.) 1879, p. 582.
Psychological aspects in Education. By Brother Azarias, Professor
in Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md., 1878, p. 447.
Psychology. (See Psysiology in relation to), 1871, p. 523.
Public Education in New York. (See Annals of Public Education
in.)
Public Instruction. (Sec Plan of Harmonious, etc.)
Public School System. (Sec Relations of the Public School System,
etc.)
English_Verse.
Quadratics. (See Method of Integrating the Square Roots of.)
Quantity as an Element in English Verse. By Prof. Charles K.
Gaines, A. M., of St. Lawrence University, 1881, p. 544.
Questions and Suggestions Concerning Industrial Drawing as a
Branch of Education. By Prof. S. Edward Warren, C. E., of
Newton, Mass., late of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1877,
p. 541.
824
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
Raftery, Thomas. (See Indo-European Languages.)
Rankin, Robert Gozinan, 1880, p. 637.
Raymond, John H. (See Lyman, Hannah W., Notice of; Vassar,
Matthew, Biographical Sketch of)
Raymond, John H., LL. D., of Vassar College. By Pres. M. B.
Anderson, 1880, p. 647.
Reading in Common Schools. By T. D. P. Stone, A. M., Professor
of Elocution, Albany, 1880, p. 529.
Reading. (See Expression in Reading.)
Reading. (See How to Read.)
Realism and Nominalism, or Words and Things; a Study of the
History of Philosophy. By Prof. W. D. Wilson, D. D, LL. D.,
L. H. D., of Cornell University, 1883, p. 359.
Recent Physical Theories in Their Bearing on the Theological Ar-
gument for the Existence of God. By Prof. Benjamin N. Mar-
tin, D. D., L. II. D., University of the City of New York, 1882,
p. 369.
Recitation Room, the, in its Relations to College Discipline. By
Prof. Henry Allyn Frinck, Ph. D., Hamilton College, 1882, p.
361.
Redfield, Prof. Philip M. W., A. M., M. D., 1875, p. 754.
Regents' Examinations in Academic Studies. By Principal John
E. Bradley, A. M., of the Albany High School, 1878, p. 411.
Regents' Examinations. By Principal John E. Bradley, Ph. D.,
of the Albany High School, 1883, p. 307.
Regents' Examinations. A Paper in the Main as Prepared and
Read Before the University Convocation at Albany, July 11,
1883. By Principal G. C. Sawyer, of the Utica Academy, 1884,
p. 775.
Regents' Examinations, Notice of, 1885, p. 119.
Regents' Higher Examinations. By Prof. Edward North, L. II. D.,
of Hamilton College, 1879, p. 577.
Regents' University Catalogue. By Prof. Edward North, L. II. D.,
of Hamilton College, 1879, p. 580.
Relation of the Art of Analysis to the Art of Teaching. By Fred-
erick S. Jewell, A. M., Professor of the English Language and
Literature in the State Normal School, 1867, p. 629.
Relation, the, of Christian Educators to the Modern Phases of Sci-
ence. By Daniel S. Martin, A. M., Professor of Geology and
Natural History in Rutgers Female College, 1874, p. 617.
Relation of Public High Schools to Colleges. By Principal Samuel
Thurber, A. M., of the Syracuse High School, 1876, p. 603.
Relations of the Colleges and the Secondary Schools. By Cecil F. P.
Bancroft, Ph. D., Principal of the Phillips Academy, Andover,
Mass., 1875, p. 695.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
825
Relations, The, of the Public School System to the Higher Educa-
tion in the State. By Hon. W. B. Ruggles, Superintendent of
Public Instruction, 1885, p. 135.
Relations of the Schools of the State. By Oliver Morehouse, A.
M., Principal of Albion Academy, 1873, p. 541.
Relations of the University to the Colleges and to the Higher Edu-
cation of the State. By Prof. William D. Wilson, D. D., LL. D.,
L. H. D., 1885, p. 117.
Relative Value of Studies Pursued in Academies. By Charles S.
Halsey, A. M., Teacher of Classical and Higher English Studies
in Canandaigua Academy, 1868, p. 675.
Religious culture of College and Seminary Students. By Rev. John
Easter, A. M., Principal of the East Genesee Conference Semi-
nary, 1871, p. 487.
Remarks on Notation. By Paul Roulet, Principal of the Waverly
Institute, 1872, p. 573.
Requirements for Admission to College. Compiled by D. J. Pratt,
A. M., Assistant Secretary of Regents, 1867, p. 698..
Requisites of Admission to College. By S. G. Williams, A. M.,
Principal of Ithaca Academy, 1866, p. 106.
Reserve in Teaching Theories. By Prof. Darius R. Ford, D. D., of
Elmira Female College, 1880, p. 595.
Rhetoric: Its System. By Prof. P. A. Halpin, S. J., St. John's
College, 1881, p. 573.
Rhetoric. (See Defense of Rhetoric.)
Rice, Victor Moreau, ex-Superintednent of Public Instruction, No-
tice of, 1871, p. 673.
Richards, Benjamin, A. M. (By Noah T. Clarke, Ph. D.), 1878. p.
488.
Richardson, Prof. John F., A. M., University of Rochester, 1869,
p. 810.
Robb, Superintendent A. J. Remarks on the Relations of the Pub-
lic School to the Higher Education of the State, 1885, p. 146;
On Normal Schools, 1385, p. 201.
Robinson, Otis H. (See College Library Administration; Method
of Studying and Teaching Mathematics.)
Roelansten, Adam (The First School-master), 1633–39, 1869, p. 870.
Rogers, William II. (See Mental l'hilosophy in Schools.)
Roman Law, Study of, in Collegiate Education. By Professor Wil-
liam C. Morey, A. M., of the University of Rochester, 1878, p.
391.
Roman Orthoëpy as Opposed to English-Latin. By Frederick S.
Jewell, Ph. D., Principal of the Poughkeepsie IIigh School, 1875,
P. 597.
101
826
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Root, Professor Edward Walstein, Notice of, 1873, p. 639.
Root, O. (See Value, the, and Means of Literary Culture, etc.)
Roulet, Paul. (See Remarks on Notation.)
Ruggles, Wm. B. (See Relation, the, of the Public School System
to the Higher Education in the State.)
Russell, William C. (See Cleveland, Prof._Wm. C., Notice of ;
Cornell, Ezra, Notice of; Gould, Prof. John Stanton, Notice
of.)
Rutgers Female College, Historical Account. By Professor Daniel
S. Martin, A. M., 1877, p. 644.
Sackett, Rev. II. A., Obituary Notice of, 1884, p. 280.
Safford, Truman B. (See Mathematical Teaching in Academies.)
St. John, Joseph S. Obituary Notice of. By Professor W. V.
Jones, Albany Normal School, 1884, p. 267.
Samson, George W. (See Modifications of the Established Curri-
culum, etc.; Secondary Education.)
Sanitation. By Dr. D. F. Lincoln, of Reading, Penn., 1884, p. 153.
Sawyer, G. C. (See Regents' Examinations.)
Scheme of Biblical Instruction, 1867, p. 693.
Schoharie Academy, Historical Sketch, 1877, p. 689.
School Apparatus. By Solomon Sias, A. M, M. D., Principal of
the New York Conference Seminary, Charlotteville, 1883, p. 553.
School Discipline. By Alonzo Flack, A. M., Principal of the
Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute, 1867, p. 618.
School Government. By J. Dorman Steele, A. M., Principal of
the Elmira Free Academy, 1870, p. 533.
School Incentives. By Principal John E. Bradley, A. M., of the
Albany High School, 1876, p. 575,
School-master. (See My Old School-master.)
School-masters in New Netherland, 1869, p. 870.
School Supervision. By Principal John W. Chandler, Ph. D., of
Elizabethtown Union School, 1880, p. 569.
School Supervision. By Superintendent Levi S. Packard, A. M.,
of Saratoga Springs, 1875, p. 685.
School Supervision and State Aid. By Instructor W. W. Dawley,
A. B., LL. B., of Ainsterdam Academy, 1877, p. 610.
Schools. (See Relations of the Schools of the State.)
Scholastic Philosophy. (See Some Points of Scholastic Philosophy.)
Science-Education. (See Better Organization of Science Education.)
Science of English Grammar, the. By Principal William IIarkins,
B. S., B. L., of the Dunkirk Union School, 1875, p. 645.
Science of Language. By Ezra S. Gallup, A. M., Professor
of Greek Language and Literature in Madison University, 1866,
p. 15.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCAtion.
827
-
Science, Physical. (See Speculations in.)
Science, Modern. (See Some Points of Scholastic Philosophy, etc.)
Science. (See Relation of Christian Education to.)
Science-Teaching. (See History, the, and Conditions of, etc.)
Scientific Education. (See Moral Aspect of Scientific Education),
1880, p. 511.
Scientific Institute for Teachers. By Jonathan Allen, Ph. D.,
President Alfred University, 1874, p. 644.
Secondary Education. By Rev. George W. Samson, D. D., ex-
President of Rutgers Female College, 1881, p. 533.
Secondary Education. (See State and University Education.)
Secondary Schools. (See Relations of the Colleges and.)
Secular. (See Moral, the, and the Secular, etc.)
Seelye, L. Clark. (See Collegiate Education of Women.)
Shackford, Charles Chauncey. (See Comparative Literature.)
Sheldon, E. A. Remarks on Normal School Training, p. 200, 202,
206.
Should American Colleges be Open to Women as Well as to Men?
By President F. A. P. Barnard, LL. D., L. II. D, etc., of
Columbia College, 1883, p. 417.
Should Study in College be Confined to a Uniform Curriculum, or
Should it be Made to any Extent Elective? By Frederick A. B.
Barnard, D. D., LL. D., L. H. D., President of Columbia Col-
lege, 1873, p. 611.
Sias, Solomon. Remarks on Science Reading, 1885, p. 113; on
the Relations of the Public School System to the Higher Educa-
tional Institutions of the State, 1885, p. 140. (See Earthquakes;
Precession of the Equinoxes; School Apparatus.)
Smalley, Frank. (See Latin Etymology; Lucretius, Philosopher
and Poet.)
Smeallie, Rev. James M., A. M., Notice of, 1870, p. 594.
Smeallie, Rev. Peter, A. M., Notice of, 1868, p. 707.
Smith, Rev. Buel A., A. M., Notice of, 1868, p. 708.
Smith, Charles T. R.
Smith, Charles E.
(See Grammar as a Natural Science)
(See Dix, John Adams, Notice of.)
Remarks on Normal Schools, 1885, p. 200.
Smith, Goldwin. (See Perpetual Foundations.)
Smith, C. T. R.
Some open questions about Normal Schools a Mere Outline. By
T. J. Morgan, Principal of State Normal School, Potsdam, New
York, 1884, p. 162.
Some points of Scholastic Philosophy in Relation to Modern Science.
By Professor Cornelius M. O'Leary, A. M., M. D., Ph. D, of
Manhattan College, 1876, p. 641.
828
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Speculations in Metaphysics. By Aaron White, A. M., Principal
of the Canastota Union School, 1874, p. 699.
Some Suggestions on the Study of Modern German Poets. By
Vice-President Kirchner, of Niagara University, 1885, p. 208.
Speculations in Physical Science, on. By Aaron White, A. M.,
Principal of the Canastota Union School, 1872, p. 577.
Spelling Reform. By Principal Eugene Bouton, A. B., of Sher-
burne Union School, 1881, p. 551.
Spencer, Jesse A. (See Pronunciation of Ancient Greek.)
Spielmann, Professor Arthur. Obituary Notice of, 1885, p. 269.
Sprague, IIomer B. (See Method of Teaching Gesture.)
Sprague, James M. (See Academies and their Work.)
Staley, Professor Cady. Remarks on Science Teaching, 1885, p.
116.
Stanton, Benjamin. (See Importance of a Better Preparation, etc.)
State Aid to Academic Institutions. Report of the Committee ap-
pointed by the University Convocation on the Increase of the
Literature Fund, 1873, p. 591.
State Aid to Education-its proper Scope and Limitations. By
Principal N. W. Benedict, D. D., of Rochester Free Academy,
1880, p. 613.
State Aid to Academic Institutions. Report of the Committee of
fifteen on
1874, p. 653.
State Aid to Academic and Union Schools, Supplementary Report
of Committee in Reply to the Annual Report of the Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction, 1874, p. 662.
State, the, and Secondary Education. By Principal Albert B. Wat-
kins, Ph. D., of Hungerford Institute, 1878, p. 401.
State. (See Relations of the Schools of the.)
Statement of the Plan proposed on the part of the Government,
and under the Direction of the National Bureau of Education.
for presenting the Ilistory of American Colleges and Universities
at the International Exhibition of Philadelphia in 1876.
Franklin B. Hough, 1876, p. 583.
By
Statistical Report of Instruction of Common School Teachers, 1875,
p. 734.
Statistics of Collegiate Education, Compiled by D. J. Pratt, A. M.,
Assistant Secretary of Regents, 1866, p. 169.
Stanton, Colonel Phineas, A. M. (Late Vice-Chancellor of Ingham
University), 1871, p. 809.
Steele, J. Dorman. (See History and Condition of Science Teach-
ing, etc. School Governinent)
•
Stevenson, Jan (School-master, 1643-48), 1869, p. 871.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
829
Steves, Oliver P. (See Egberts Institute, Cohoes.)
Steyne, Hane (School-master, 1652), 1869, p. SS2.
Stone, T. D. P. (See Reading in Common Schools.)
Studies, on the proper, to be pursued preparatory to admission to
College. By Frederick A. P. Barnard, LL. D., President of
Coulmbia College, 1867, p. 579.
Studies. (See Course of, Adapted to Iluman Necessities, etc.)
Studies in Academies. (See Relative Value of)
Study of English. By Eugene Bouton, Ph. D., 1885, p. 219.
Study of English Grammar. By C. S. Halsey, A M., Principal of
Macedon Academy, 1866, p. 128.
Study of the English Language. By Oliver Morehouse, A. M.,
Principal of Albion Academy, 1870, p. 571.
Study of English Literature in Secondary Schools. By Principal
Albert B. Watkins, A. M., Ph. D., of Hungerford Collegiate
Institute, 1879, p. 533.
Study of Language, Classic or Continental, as a Discipline to the
Practical Intellect. By Wendell L'Amoreaux, A. M., Professor
of Modern Languages in Union College, 1865, p. 366.
Study of Latin, without reference to proposed Liberal or Pro-
fessional Education. By N. W. Benedict, A. M., Principal of
the Rochester Free Academy, 1868, p. 629.
Study of Latin. By Professor Abel G. Ilopkins, A. M., of IIamil-
ton College, 1874, p. 635.
Study of Mathematics. By Gerardus B. Docharty, LL. D., Prof.
of Pure Mathematics in the College of the City of New York,
1868, p. 591.
Study of Philosophy. By Rev. Louis Jouin, S. J., Professor of
Ethics and Civil, Political and International Law in St. John's
College, 1868, p. 613.
Study of Physical Geography. By Grenville M. Ingalsbe, A. B.,
Principal of Argyle Academy, 1871, p. 511.
Study. (See Classical Study, Lewis.)
Study. (See Classification of General Divisions of.)
Study in College. (See Should Study in College be confined, etc)
Study in Schools. (See Basis of Courses of Study, etc.)
Study of the Classics. (See Our Normal Schools, etc.)
Sub-Graduate Course. (See Just Place and Proportion of, etc.)
Suggestions in Regard to Teaching Advanced Classes in Chemistry.
By Le Roy C. Cooley, A. M., Professor of Natural Science in the
New York State Normal School, 1867, p. 603.
Supervision. (See School Supervision.)
Surveying. (See Land Surveying, etc.)
830
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Symmetrical Culture. By James T. Edwards, A. M., Principal of
the Chamberlain Institute, Randolph, NY, 1872, p. 511.
System and Method of Logical Analysis, as Related to the Study of
the English Language. By Frederick S. Jewell, A. M., Professor
of the English Language and Literature in State Normal School,
1865, p. 382.
Talent. (See Do Our Schools Tend to Destroy Practical Talent?)
Tappan, Prof. Henry P. By Prof. B. N. Martin, 1883, p. 487.
Taylor, George H. By C. W. Bardeen, 1882, p. 430.
Taylor, Stephen G., Ph. D., Obituary Notice of, by Prof. John G.
Anderson, 1885, p. 272.
Teachers' Classes in Academies. Discussion by Inspector A B.
Watkins and others, 1584, p. 77.
Teachers' Text-Books and the Encouragement of Practical Teachings.
By Mrs. Caroline P. Achilles, Principal of the Phipps Union
Seminary, Albion, N. Y, 1871, p. 555.
Teachers, Common School. (See Statistical Report of.)
Teachers. (See Classes for Instructing, etc.)
Teachers. (See Instruction of Common School.)
Teachers. (See Scientific Institute for.)
Teaching, Art of. (See Relations of the Art of Analysis to, etc.)
Teaching Physical Science in Academies, on. By Prof. Le Roy C.
Cooley, Ph. D., of Vassar College, 1883, p. 375.
Term's Work in English Literature. By Prof. Henry A. Frink,
Ph. D., of Hamilton College, 1884, p. 189.
Text-Books. (See Lectures and Text-Books.) 1871, p. 520.
Text-Books. (See Teachers' Text-Books and the Encouragement of
Practical Teaching.)
List Formerly in Use, 1885, p. 93.
Thalheimer, M. E. (See Letter on the Education of Girls.)
Theology, Natural. (See Natural Theology.)
Theories and Science. By Prof. M. P. Costin, of St. John's Col-
lege, Fordham, 1883, p. 338.
Theories. (See Reserve in Teaching Theories.)
Theory of Forces. (See Modern Theory of Forces.)
Thomas, J. J. (See Oakwood Seminary, Historical Sketch.)
Thomas, Miss Kate M. (See Plea for Elocution in the Academy.)
Thompson, James B. (See Metrical System of Weights and Meas-
ures.)
Thompson, James Bates, LL. D., Obituary Notice of, 1884, p. 277.
Thompson, W. W. (See Covey, Almira L., Notice of.)
Thurber, Samuel. (See Relation of Public High Schools to Col-
leges.)
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
831
Torrey, Prof. John, LL. D. By Prof. Daniel S. Martin, A. M.,
1874, p. 784.
Townsend, Martin I. Remarks on Science Teaching, 1884, p. 116.
Tracy, William. By President Potter, 1883, p. 464.
Training. (See Classical Training.)
Treatment of College Disorders. By Prof. John W. Mears, D. D.,
of Hamilton College, 1879, p. 524.
Trinomial Equations. (See New Method of Solving.)
Troy Female Seminary, Historical Account. By its late Principal,
Mrs. John H. Willard, 1877, p. 657.
Troy Female Seminary. (See Esthetic Culture in.)
True Idea of a University. By Robert B. Fairbairn, D. D., LL.
D., Warden of St. Stephen's College, 1884, p. 242.
True Ideal of Liberal Education. By Tayler Lewis, LL. D., Pro-
fessor of the Greek Language and Literature in Union College,
1864, p. 5.
Unification of Moneys, Note on the, 1872, p. 641.
Union School. (See State Aid to Academies and.)
Universities. (See Co-relation of Academies.)
Universities, Proposed History of. (See Statement of the Plan, etc.)
University Control. By Professor Alexander Winchell, LL. D., of
the University of Syracuse, 1878, p. 381.
University. (See Relations of, to the Colleges, etc.)
University Necrology. 1868, p. 707; 1869, p. 809; 1870, p. 587;
1871, p. 669; 1872, p. 692; 1873, p. 628; 1874, p. 781; 1875,
p. 745; 1876, p. 651; 1877, p. 741; 1878, p. 477; 1879, p. 582;
1880, p. 635; 1881, p. 647; 1882, p. 423; 1883, p. 456; 1884, p.
259; 1885, p. 234.
University of the State of New York. (Historical notice; from
New York Convention Manual of 1867.) 1867, p. 703.
University. (See True Idea of a University.)
Upham, Miss Hannah. Notice of, 1870, p. 595.
Upson, Anson J. (See Defense of Rhetoric.)
Uses and relations of the Study of Botany. By Principal M. A.
Veeder, of Ives Seminary, Antwerp, 1878, p. 439.
Utility of Zoological Collections in Education. By Dr. William A.
Conklin, in charge of the Central Park Collections, 1884, p. 196.
Value and Means of Literary Culture in Academies. By O.
Root, Jr., A. M., Principal of Rome Academy, 1866, p. 131.
Van Curlew, Jacobus. (1658), 1869, p. 883.
Van Denburg, Mary King. 1880, p. 653.
Vander Sluys, Andreis. (School-master, 1658?) 1869, p. 879.
Van Gelder, Johannes. (1662), 1869, p. 884.
832
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Van Hoboocken, Harmen. (School-master, 1655-64), 1869, p. 874,
$85.
Van Ilpendam, Adriaen. (School-master, 1645-60), 1869, p. 881,
Van Lennep, Henry G. (See Endowment of our Higher Educa-
tional Institutions.)
Vassar, Matthew (founder of Vassar College), biographical sketch
of. By John H. Raymond, LL. D., President of Vassar College,
1869, p. 785.
Veeder, M. A. (See Uses and Relations of the Study of Botany.)
Verplanck, Gulian Cornelius, LL. D. A Discourse on the Life,
Character and Writings of. By William Cullen Bryant, LL. D.,
of New York city, 1871, p. 567.
Verstius, William. (School-master, 1650-55), 1869, p. 873.
Vocal Music. (See Instruction in Vocal Music.)
Volunteerism in Higher Education.
By Martin B. Anderson, LL.
D., President of the University of Rochester, 1877, p. 627.
Ward, Dr. Samuel B. Notice of Dr. Jacob S. Mosher, by, 1885,
p. 260.
Ward, Thomas. (See Physical Culture.)
Warren, Orris H. Rev. Jesse T. Peck, D. D., LL. D. Obituary
notice of, 1884, p. 266.
* X
Warren, Edward. (See Better organization of Science Education;
Questions and Suggestions *
; Industrial Drawing.)
Washington Academy noticed. 1885, p. 64-74.
Water, weight of a given volume of. (See Measures of Capacity.)
Waterbury, Edward P. (See Military Drill in Colleges and
Academies.)
Watkins, Albert B. Notice of General S. D. Hungerford, by, 1885
p. 258.
Watkins, A. B., and others. (See Teachers' Classes in Academies.
Watkins Academy and Union School. Historical Sketch, 1877, p.
708.
Watkins, Albert B. (See Houghton, James Dunbar, Notice of ;
State and Secondary Education; Study of English Literature,
etc.)
Watson, Rev. John. Noticed, 1885, p. 63.
Webb, Gen. A. S. Remarks of, at Conference of College Presidents
in 1884; 1885, p. 177.
Webster, Horace, LL. D., late President of the College of New
York. (By Professor Charles Davies, LL. D.) 1872, p. 692.
Webster, Noah. Teacher in Goshen, 1885, p. 64.
Weed, M. (See Normal Department in Academies.)
Weed, Monroe, A. M. Notice of, 1868, p. 710.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION.
833
Weights and Measures. (See Abstract of Reports on Decimal Sys-
tems.)
Weights and Measures. (See Metrical System of.)
Weisse, John A. (See Evolution of the English Language.)
Welch, Ransom B. (See History of Literary Institutions; Mod-
ern Theory of Forces.)
Wells, D. Franklin. Suggestions on Normal Instruction in a letter
from, 1869, p. 708.
Wells, Henry. (By Prof. John W. Mears, D. D.), 1880, p. 642.
(By Trustee William H. Bogart), 1880, p. 644.
Wells, John A. (See Griffith Institute, Hist. Sketch; Plea for
the Study of Latin.)
Wentworth, Rev. Erastus. (See Chinese Competitive Examinations.)
Werner, Adolph. (See Examinations of the N. Y. Free Academy;
German in the College Curriculum; Nichols, John Augustus,
Notice of)
What Shall We Do With the Books? By Charles H. Crawford,
Principal of Almond Academy, 1873, p. 537.
Whipple, Alden B. (See How to Read.)
White, Aaron. (See Land Surveying, etc.; Speculations in Meta-
physics; Speculations in Physical Science.)
White, Pres. Andrew D. Remarks at Conference of Presidents of
Colleges, in 1881, 1885, p. 162, 163, 164, 165, 185.
White, IIoratio S. (See French and German in Colleges, etc.)
Whole Work of Academies. By George W. Jones, A. M., Prin-
cipal of the Delaware Literary Institute, 1567, p. 665.
Why Should Elementary Chemistry be Required for Admission to
College? By Le Roy C. Cooley, A. M., Professor of Natural
Sciences in the New York State Normal School, 1869, p. 716.
Wickes, W. K. (See Civil Government as a Science and a Study.)
Wilcox, Prof. Samuel Darwin, A. M., 1875, p. 752.
Wilder, Royal G. (See American Educators in India.)
Willard, Mrs. Emma. A Memorial of, by Mrs. John H. Willard,
Principal of the Troy Female Seminary, 1871, p. 537.
Willard, Emma. (See Female Education; An Address to the
Public.)
Willard, Mrs. Emma. Memorial Sketch. By Charles Davies, LL. D.,
1871, p. 673.
Willard, Mrs. John H. (See Esthetic Culture in Troy Female
Seminary; Extent and Character of Female Education; Troy
Female Seminary, Historical Account; Willard, Mrs. Emma.
Memorial of)
Williams, Henry S. (See Palaeontological Evidences, etc.)
Williams, S. G. (See Normal Training in Colleges.)
105
834
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Williams, S. G. (See Requisites of Admission to College.)
Wilson, William D. Remarks on the Public School System, 1885,
p. 152. (See Ancient and Modern Estimates, etc.; Campbell,
Robert, Remarks on; Differentials and the Method of Finding
Them; General and Special Culture in our Schools, etc.; In-
fluence of Language on Thought; Legitimate Use of Fictions in
the Prosecution and Discussion of Science; McGraw, John,
Notice of; Modern Agnosticisms Considered, etc.; Nature and
Method of Teaching Mathematics; Positive and Negative
Terms in Mathematics; Realism and Nominalism, etc.; Rela-
tions of the University to the Colleges, etc.)
Wilson, J. (See Comparative Philology.)
Winchel, Alexander. (See University Control.)
Winchester, Alonzo M. Obituary notice of. By Elisha Curtis,
1885, p. 274.
Women, Colleges for. (See Modifications in the Established Cur-
riculum, etc.)
Women. (See Collegiate Education of Women.)
Women. (See Diplomas for Women.)
Women. (See Education of Women.)
Women. (See Endowment of Higher Educational Institutions
for.)
Women. (See Should American Colleges be Open to, etc.)
Woolworth, Dr. Samuel B. Memorial of, 1881, p. 647; Proceed-
ings on Resignation of, 1881, p. 648; Proceedings on Death and
Funeral of, 650; Dr. W. and the Convocation, by Prof. Edward
North (as Chairman of Committee), p. 662.
Wright, Charles J. (See Military Drill in Academies.)
Wright, Norman F.
Wright, Truman K.
p. 90.
(See Our Normal Schools, etc.)
Remarks of, at Regents' Centennial. 1885,
Written Examinations in Higher English and the Classics. By
Alonzo Flack, A. M., Principal of the Claverack Academy and
Hudson River Institute, 1869, p. 783.
Yale College. Endowments of, 1868, p. 702.
Zoological Collections. (See Utility of Zoological Collections.)
Zoological Education. By W. S. Barnard, Ph. D., of Cornell Úni-
versity, 1881, p. 529.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY,
835
3
CHAPTER XXXV.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY.
[Placed by law under the Regents of the University and the Superintendent of
Public Instruction.]
2
The first attempts in the establishment of courses of normal in-
struction were made in the Academies as already noticed.¹ The
history, organization and results of special institutions for the
preparation of Common School teachers, as they existed in Europe,
were well known and often discussed in the country; but it was not
until 1839 that the first American school of this kind under State
patronage was established in Massachusetts, although in the city
of New York one for local use had been in operation for some years
before. The Academic departments were admitted to be useful, and
in some cases eminently successful, while in other cases, more
especially in those where their maintenance was made a condition
to the distribution of the Literature Fund above $700, they were
mere formalities, without existence except upon record; there being
neither a want for their presence, nor special preparations for their
operation.
Meanwhile various agencies were quietly at work, all tending to a
better provision for the qualification of teacher of Common Schools.
In 1830 a committee of citizens of Rochester asked for a State
Teachers' Seminary. In 1833 Gov. Marcy suggested some plan as
desirable. The provision for teachers' classes in Academies had
begun to operate, showing success in some cases, and revealing the
need of something better in others. A board of visitors of schools
established through the efforts of John C. Spencer, as Secretary of
State, and of which the Rev. Alonzo Potter of Union College, was
Chairman, lent its influence in support of more effectual measures.
The District School Journal begun at Geneva in 1840, by Francis
Dwight, and afterward removed to Albany, supplied every school
district in the State at public expense, with sound views upon the
¹ Governor Seward, in his message of 1839, in alluding to this subject, re-
marked:
“We seem at last to have ascertained the only practicable manner of introduc-
ing Normal Schools into our country. It is by engrafting that system upon our
Academies. I ardently hope you will adopt such further legislation as is required
to make this effort successful
2 Normal Schools were established at Framingham, Bridgewater and Westfield,
Mass., in 1839.
836
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORk.
subject, and in 1842, a convention of county superintendents at
Utica, at which the Rev. Alonzo Potter, llorace Mann and George
B. Emerson attended, gave the weight of its influence in favor of
a Normal School. A like convention in 1843 renewed the recom-
mendation as essential to the educational system of the State.
The Superintendent of Common Schools, in his report of 1843,"
in referring to this subject, said:
"The great cause of the failure of these departments to effect
much practical good seems to be that the bounty of the State is
diffused over too great surface. Sixteen institutions now receive
annually $300 each for this purpose, making in the whole $4,800.
While the share of each is so inconsiderable, educational science will
be regarded as wholly subordinate to Academic instruction."
The discussion finally led to the passage of an act for the estab-
lishment of a Normal School on the 7th of May, 1844,2 under the
joint direction of the Superintendents of Common Schools and the
Regents of the University. It appropriated $9,600 for first ex-
penses, and $10,000 a year for five years, for the maintenance,
but made no provision for building. Its immediate management
was intrusted to an executive committee of five, whereof the
Superintendent of Common Schools was one, and ex officio the
Chairman. The first members of this committee appointed were
the Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., Gideon Hawley, Rev. William H.
Campbell, D. D.,3 and Francis Dwight, and their first duties were
the preparation of a set of rules and regulations for its government.
The corporation of the city of Albany on the first of August follow-
ing, offered for its use, for a term of five years, free of rent, a build-
ing on the north side of State street, a little below the Capitol
Park, which had previously been used as a passenger depot by the
Mohawk and Hudson River Railroad Company, and agreed to pay
$500 toward fitting it up for use, making the total contribution of
the city $5,750.
¹ Common School Report, 1843, p. 18.
2 Chapter 311, p. 464, Laws of 1844. The Hon. Calvin F. Hulburt of St.
Lawrence, Chairman of Committee on Colleges, Academies and Common Schools,
in Assembly, and the Hon. Michael Hoffman of Herkimer, were conspicuous in
their advocacy of this bill.
³ Dr. Campbell was then pastor of the Third Reformed Church in Albany. He
was afterward for three years Principal of the Albany Academy, then Professor in
the Theological Seminary of his denomination, and for a long period President
of Rutgers College at New Brunswick, N. J.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY.
837
Delays occurred in procuring a title, and from other causes so that
repairs could not be commenced before October 17, and the opening
did not occur until the 18th of December. Twenty-nine pupils ap-
peared at the beginning, and at the time of the first report (Jan-
uary 29, 1845), ninety-three were in attendance, of whom sixty-
seven were State pupils, and the remainder volunteers. The first
instructors were DAVID PERKINS PAGE,' Newburyport, Massachu-
setts, as Principal; GEORGE R. PERKINS, of Utica, Professor of
Mathematics; FERDINAND G. ILSLEY, Teacher of Vocal Music; and
G. B. IIOWARD, Teacher of Drawing.
The Normal School thus established has since been continued
without material change in organization or plan. In 1854, the
Superintendent of Public Instruction took the place of the Super-
intendent of Common Schools [Secretary of State], and has regularly
reported its condition to the Legislature. The Executive Committee
has also made an annual report to the Board of Regents who have
transmitted it to the Legislature.
It is deemed sufficient in this place to present a concise outline of
present organization, and a summary of operations of this institution.
RULES OF ADMISSION. Applicants should apply to their School
Commissioner, who will upon knowledge of qualifications send a cer-
tificate to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who will indorse
it, and send to the President, in whose hands the applicant will find
it. The allowance is two from each Assembly District; but since
other Normal Schools have been opened it is practically open to
all. If a county has more applicants than allowed, the vacant places
of other counties are filled. Applicants must sign a declaration that
their object in coming is to prepare themselves as teachers, and that
they intend to devote themselves to the work of instruction in the
public schools of the State. They must possess certain qualifications
in Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, Spelling and Reading, specified
in the rules, and sufficient to enable them to enter the lower class to
advantage. Those not having a Regents' Preliminary Certificate
must be examined. Females must be at least sixteen, and males
eighteen years old, and for advanced class a proportionately greater
age. Maturity of mind is deemed indispensable, and none without
weighty reasons are admitted after the beginning of the term.
TERMS: COURSE OF STUDY There are two terms in a year;
the Fall term beginning on the second Wednesday of September
and the Spring term on the second Wednesday of February. Each
'Mr. Page was a cousin of Professor Perkins. He was the author of a system
of Penmanship, and an eloquent lecturer upon education.
838
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
term continues twenty weeks, and those prepared are graduated at
the end of each term.
The course extends through two years. The studies are as fol-
lows:
JUNIOR CLASS, 1st TERM. Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geogra-
phy, Map Drawing, Penmanship, Physiology, Algebra, Didactics.
2d TERM. Algebra continued, Iligher Arithmetic, Elocution,
Rhetoric, English Grammar, Botany, Natural Philosophy, History
of the United States, Didactics.
SENIOR CLASS, 1st TERM. Geometry, Natural Philosophy, Ethics,
Astronomy, History, Science of Government, Higher Algebra,
Criticism, Free-hand and Industrial Drawing, Didactics.
2d TERM. English Literature, Mental Philosophy, Trigonometry
and Surveying, Chemistry, Geology, Book-keeping, Political Econ-
omy, Evidences of Christianity, Natural History, Comparative Ana-
tomy, Practical Use of the Microscope, Didactics, Teaching in Model
School.
Composition, Elocution and Vocal Music receive prominent atten-
tion throughout the course.
DIPLOMAS. These entitle their holders to engage in teaching with-
out further examination.
EXPENSES. Tuition and Text-books are free. The actual fare paid
in coming is refunded to those present at the beginning of the term
and remaining till its close. There are no dormitories. Board is
furnished in families approved by the committee at from $3.50 to
$4 per week exclusive of washing.
BUILDINGS. The rooms hired near the head of State street below
the Capitol were vacated at the end of the lease, and a building
was erected on the north-west corner of Lodge and Howard streets,
and this is still in use as a residence of the President, and for all
school purposes.
In 1883, the Legislature was asked for an appropriation for repairs,
but an examination having proved the building unsafe, it was decided
to build a new one. The sum of $125,000, and the proceeds from the
sale of the old site and building were appropriated, and a site was
chosen on Willett street fronting upon Washington park, where a
new building of most approved plan has been built, and will be
opened in 1885.1
1 The act for the erection of the Normal School building was passed May 29,
1883. Senators Abraham Lansing, of Albany, and Addison P. Jones, of Catskill,
were greatly interested in procuring this enactment. The materials of the old
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY.
839
The Normal School has no library worth noticing.
RESOURCES. The appropriation for maintenance has been $18,000
a year,
and in no instance have the expenses been allowed to go
beyond the means at command. Several special appropriations have
been made, and there is an income from tuition in the model or experi-
mental school that is applied toward the payment of expenses.
The receipts of the year ending September 30, 1883, were $23,-
323.70, including a balance of $684.85 on hand at the beginning of
the year.
The attendance in the Model School during the term ending
January, 1883, was 128, and in the term ending in June, 1883, 111.
Different scholars during the year, 161.
FACULTY. This consists of a President and eleven professors and
instructors, receiving in all the sum of $12,836 as salaries.
PRINCIPALS (since 1867 Presidents) OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL
AT ALBANY.
David Perkins Page, A. M. December 18, 1844, till his death,
January 1, 1848.
George R. Perkins, LL. D. January 1, 1848, till his resigna-
tion, July 8, 1852.
Samuel B. Woolworth, LL. D. September 20, 1852, till his
resignation, February 1, 1856, upon appointment as Secretary of Re-
gents.
David H. Cochran, A. M., Ph. D. February 1, 1856. Re-
Capitol were purchased for the building, which was erected upon plans proposed
by Messrs. Ogden and Wright, architects of Albany.
It is described as follows: Front on Willett street and the Park, 128 feet;
depth 160 feet; court in the centre 50 x 90 feet. Designed to accommodate 400
Normal students, 200 pupils in the model department, fifty in the Kindergarten
and twenty in the Object Class. North and south flanks three stories high, with
central part front two stories. The central part stands back six feet from the front
of the two flanks. The latter are 104 feet deep, and running transversely across the
easterly end is a four-story building with a proportionally high roof. Style re-
naissance, with frieze-band and sill courses of terra cotta, and moulded brick
liberally treated The ground story, elevated four feet above the grade, is faced
with Nyack sandstone taken from the old Capitol, and laid in rock faced random
ashlar. The exterior walls above this and the court are faced with Glens Falls
pressed brick, with high windows and door dressings of brown stone. The lower
ashlar is of upper aqueduct blue stone. The internal arrangements, ventilation,
heating and drainage are planned with the utmost care. The building is practically
fire-proof. Each floor is filled with mineral wool, all partitions are of brick or
hollow tile and all beams are of iron.
840
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW York.
signed September 19, 1864, upon appointment as Principal of the
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.
Oliver Avery, A. M. December 8, 1864. Resigned January,
1867, at close of 45th term.
Joseph Alden, D. D., LL. D. April 24, 1867. Resigned at the
end of fifteen years' continuous service.
Edward P. Waterbury, Ph. D., LL. D. June 22, 1882. For the
first time in its history, the Normal School at Albany was now
placed under the care of one of its own graduates.
THE NORMAL SCHOOL WAR RECORD.
In July, 1862, upon receipt of news of disaster in the "Seven
Days' Battle" before Richmond, the young men of the Normal
School felt that the time had come for them to do their share of duty
in the national defense. Professors Rodney G. Kimball and Albert
N. IIusted volunteered to lead, and with the graduates and students
of the Normal School as a nucleus, a company, of one hundred men
was enlisted, and on the twenty-fifth of September they were mus-
tered into the service of the United States, "for three years or the
war." The Faculty presented a valuable revolver to each officer,
and a rubber blanket was purchased for each Normal member. The
company became "Co. E," 44th N. Y. Volunteers ("Ellsworth
Avengers "), and after three weeks' drill at the Albany barracks, it
left for the seat of war, where they were attached to the 3rd Brig-
ade, 1st Division, 5th Army Corps. They joined this command on
the twenty-third of October, at Antietam Ford, and served in seven-
teen engagements between December 11, 1862, and June 2, 1864.
When the three years of enlistment expired, August 8, 1864, but
ten of the original hundred remained. These, with such as were ab-
sent, were then transferred to the 140th N. Y. Vols. and some were
present at the final surrender at Appomattox. They were finally
mustered out in June, 1865.¹
¹ An extended account of this service, prepared by Capt. Prof. A. N. Husted,
will be found in the " Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at Albany,
N. Y., and a History of its Graduates for Forty Years." (1884), pp. xii-xv.
Of this company, 13 were graduates and 12 undergraduates. Besides these, 79
others, formerly of the Normal School, served in various stations in the Union
army from Brigadier-General to private. Four served for the " "Lost Cause,” of
whom one was killed in battle.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT ALBANY.
841
Classes num-
bered from
the beginning.
YEARS.
Number of
graduates.
Summary of the work of Thirty-eight Years.¹
FEMALES.
MALES.
Number.
Reporting
educational
service.
Number
of years
taught.
Average No.
of years
taught.
Number.
1-10..........
1845-50....
460
205
182
1,797
9.88
255
228 2,5311
11.10
11-20..
21-30.....
31-40
41-50.....
....
1850-55......
361
211
187
1,777
9.40
150
136
1,502
11.10
1855-60.
337
226
201
1,734
8.45
111
101
872
8.64
1860-65.....
298
198
182 1,646
9.04
100
$6
636
7.40
1865-70
285
221
210
1,602
7.63
64
63
401
6 36
51-60......
1870-75
328
239
236
1,409
5.97
89
89
482
5.67
61-70......
71-75.........
1875-80
347
204
201
678
3.31
143
141
450
3.41
1880-82..
170
112
112
170
1.52
55
58
95
1.64
Total...
2,586
1,616 1,518 10,874
7.12
970
902
6,978
7.74
The 2,420 reported 17,7921 years in teaching, an average of 7.35
years to each. Counting the 166 unreported as not teaching, the
average is 6.84 years. Of the 2,420 reported, 103 did not teach
after graduation; 14 died within a year; 7 enlisted in the army,
immediately after graduation; 6 were prevented by family dutics
caused by sickness and death; 4 were shattered in health and unable
to teach; 11 ladies married immediately, and were unable to teach,
and one was relieved from the obligation, upon payment of $75 for
tuition, making 13 that reported valid reasons, and leaving 60, or
about 2.7 per cent who were under obligations to teach but did not.
Of the 2,420 graduates, 88 became lawyers; 20 clergymen; 27
civil engineers; 56 physicians; 71 school officers, as State Superin-
tendents, Assistant State Superintendents, Superintendents of
Schools and School Commissioners; 102 instructors in this and other
Normal Schools, authors (of many school books) and editors; 67
served in the war, of whom 12 died, and one is now a captain in the
regular army.
It is believed that in addition to the above, about 8,000 under-
graduates of the school have taught in District Schools.
The committee, in reporting the above statistics, express gratifica-
tion at the results, as proving the error of a charge often made against
the Normal School, that its graduates do not teach, but that, after
being educated at the public expense. they engage in other pursuits.
From the 40th Report of the Executive Committee, made January, 1884.
These statistics and those that follow were prepared by Principal Waterbury, who
had undertaken exhaustive inquiries upon this subject. They are embodied in
a separate publication (pp. xxxvii and 237) of which the title is cited on a pre-
ceding page. This work will be found to contain a complete list of Executive
Committees and of all Instructors, with the exact time of their service, and a his-
torical notice of the educational and public services of each graduate, so far as
could be ascertained by a most searching inquiry.
Reporting
educational
service.
Number
of years
taught.
Average No.
of years
taught.
106
842
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Recapitulation of the Number of Pupils and Graduations by
Years and Terms.
YEARS.
GRADUATES.
YEARS.
GRADUATES.
1845-46.....
1846-47......
1847-18......
1234CII
98
185
197
205
5
178
6
221
7
198
1848-49....
8
208
9
175
1849-50......
10
196
11
223
1850-51.....
12
219
2855522222;
29
5
30
17
37
26
27
19
37848
1865-66.......
S41
179
42
193
$43
231
1866-67......
63
744
197
46
S45
173
1867-68......
37
25
62
246
171
25
50
(47
290
3245 06
15
30
32
15
20
5
12
8
18
26
22
28
1868-69......
17
29
46
48
252
14
26
40
21
43
(49
265
2
17
1869-70.....
19
18
37
50
266
11
37
48
12
20
32
151
266
7
24
31
1870-71......
21
13
34
52
232
8
29
13
232
12
14
26
S53
275
8
18
1851-52......
1871-72......
14
236
11
17
28
154
252
5
27
15
232
13
13
26
(55
291
8
23
31
1852-53......
16
227
19
(17
276
13
26
1853-54......
18
273
17
25
1854-55...... 120
19
253
13
265
17
21
250
14
1855-56...... 122
228
11
23
238
10
31
1856-57.....
124
237
12
$25
270
13
1857-58.....
26
242
10
30
S27
233
9
1853-59......
28
211
11
29
241
14
1859-60..
30
250
7
1860-61...... 132
31
253
14
246
18
S33
215
14
1861-62.....
34
212
13
35
208
9
1862-63......
136
212
13
$37
198
4
1863-64.....
38
219
7
£39
210
9
1861-65....
.40
202
10
•°**2372-9---*-*3=89PFZ323
18
37
1872-73.....
56
267
15
36
39
1873-74.
S57
263
9
20
42
158
240
6
23
25
38
(59
324
5
19
**ORERO-IMG25222
18
19
17
19
37
26
32
51
29
29
24
50
1874-75.
60
304
18
24
42
41
61
347
7
20
27
1875-76......
26
37
62'
300
16
30
46
41
(63
349
18
24
42
20
32
1876-77.....
164
255
14
15
15
28
65
308
16
18
1877-78......
40
66
251
19
20
39
14
23
67
319
18
1878-79......
24
35
68
261
8
20
17
31
69
303
11
20
31
1879-80......
25
32
70
274
20
21
41
24
33
(71
292
17
18
35
1880-81......
17
35
72
272
17
28
45
37
$73
300
5
13
18
1881-82.
16
29
174
257
15
29
15
24
S75
279
7
18
1882-83.....
17
30
76
262
13
25
**RIS225 = 3 3 2 = 33
29
34
28
44
25
38
24
28
25
32
Total.......
18,442
967
1,619
2,586
18
27
38
CHAPTER XXXVI.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
Under the law establishing the Board of Regents, they were
authorized to confer any Academic degree above that of Master of
Arts. Under this authority they have conferred the honorary de-
grees of Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Civil Law, Doctor of Literature,
Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Medicine.
By chapter 366 of the Laws of 1840, they were authorized to
confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine on persons nominated by
the State Medical Society, not to exceed four in any one year. The
practice, however, dates back to a period anterior to this law, begin-
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
843
ning in 1827, when Jonathan Eights, and five others, received the
degree on the recommendation of the State Medical Society. This
degree was an honorary degree, however, and in the law of 1840 it
was specially provided that the diploma should not constitute a license
to practice medicine. By various resolutions of the State Medical
Society, it was determined that their candidates must possess moral
and professional standing, must be of the age of thirty-five years or
upwards, and must receive not less than two-thirds of the votes of
the members present. An open nomination was first made, and
afterward the names of the candidates, or such of them as each
member should vote for, not exceeding four, are voted for in one
ballot. So many as appear to have received two-thirds of all the
votes of the members present, and those only, are presented to the
Regents.
By chapter 268 of the Laws of 1862, the same privilege was con-
ferred on the State Homœopathic Medical Society, and under this
authority the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine has since been
conferred on persons nominated by that society.
Under chapter 746 of the Laws of 1872 the Regents of the
University were empowered to appoint one or more boards of
medical examiners, who were required to examine candidates rc-
ferred to them by the Chancellor. On the favorable report of the
examining board the Regents conferred the degree of Doctor of
Medicine, and this degree constituted a license to practice medicine.
The number of applicants for this examination has been very small,
and only eight persons in thirteen years have received the degree.
By an act passed May 29, 1880,' all practicing physicians were re-
quired to register their names in the county clerk's office of the
county in which they resided, and to indicate in this the time and
place of their graduation. This act gave to those holding medical
diplomas of incorporated Colleges the right of practicing, and re-
pealed all former powers to license, excepting by the Board of
Regents upon examination, as provided in chapter 746 of the Laws
of 1872. Persons coming from another State were required to sub-
mit their diplomas to the faculty of some incorporated College in
this State for approval, with evidence of good moral character, and
of proper qualifications, as the faculty might require. The indorse-
ment of the Dean of the Faculty was to be a sufficient license, and
the sum of $20 was to be paid for examination and indorsement.
¹ Chap. 315, Laws of 1880.
844
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
This act did not apply to those who at the time of the passage of
the law had been ten years or more in practice, nor to those then
in their studies who might graduate within two years thereafter.
Under the original charter of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of the city of New York the Degrees were conferred by the
Regents of the University on the recommendation of the Faculty.
In 1860 an amendment to its charter was made, which transferred
this right to confer degrees to the trustees of the College. During
the fifty years between 1811 and 1860 the degree was conferred by
the Regents on 1, 815 persons.
A similar provision existed for conferring the degree of Doctor of
Medicine on candidates recommended by the College of Physicians
and Surgeons for the western district. This College, located at Fair-
field in Herkimer county, continued in operation from 1812 to
1840 and during that time the Regents conferred the degree on
577 persons.
Law Students' Examinations.
By a rule of the Court of Appeals, adopted under sanction of law
May 4, 1882, for the admission to the bar of attorneys and counselors,
it was required that no person should be allowed to enter upon a
clerkship or substituted course of study, without passing the Regents'
Examinations in certain studies specified, in accordance with the
regulations observed in the examinations in Academies. Up to the
end of the year 1884 314 certificates have been issued.
By an act¹ passed June 6, 1877, the Legislature enacted as follows:
Scholastic Examinations.
"§ 6. The Regents of the University shall establish in the Acad-
emies and Academic Departments of Union Schools, subject to their
visitation, examinations in such branches of study as are commonly
taught in the same, and shall determine the rules and regulations in
accordance with which they shall be conducted; said examinations
shall be prescribed in such studies, and shall be arranged and con-
ducted in such a manner, as in the judgment of the Regents will
furnish a suitable standard of graduation from the said Academies
and Academic Departments of Union Schools, and of admission to
the several Colleges of the State; and they shall confer such honor-
ary certificates or diplomas as they may deem expedient upon
those pupils who satisfactorily pass such examinations. And the
said Regents are hereby authorized to establish examinations
as to attainments in learning, of any person applying for admis-
sion to the same, to prescribe rules and regulations for the ad-
Chap. 425, Laws of 1877.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
845
mission of candidates to said examinations, and for conduct-
ing them, and to confer and award such degrees, honorary testi-
monials or diplomas, to persons who satisfactorily pass such exa-
minations as the said Regents may deem expedient. They shall audit
and certify to the Comptroller all accounts for the expenses of estab-
lishing and conducting such examination and all contingent expenses
attending the same, and the amounts thereof shall be paid from the
appropriation for this purpose, made in the first section of this act."
Under this law the Regents have established and conducted exa-
minations in subjects pursued in academies under their visitation.
An examination in the preliminary subjects of arithmetic, English
grammar, geography and spelling had already been in operation since
1866,' undertaken for the purpose of establishing a proper standard
for the apportionment of the Literature Fund among the Academies.
Under the act of 1877 the same system was extended to advanced
subjects. By chapter 514 of the Laws of 1880, a portion of the
Literature Fund, not to exceed the one-fourth part, is distributed on
the basis of the number of pupils passing the advanced examina-
tions. No measures have yet been taken under the authority con-
ferred by the last part of the foregoing section, to establish examin-
ations as to attainments in learning outside of the Academies.
The following statement exhibits the list of studies and the con-
ditions on which certificates and diplomas are granted in the ex-
aminations held in the Academies :
Preliminary Examinations.
The Preliminary Examination includes Arithmetic, English Gram-
mar, Geography, Reading and Spelling, as requisites for the Regents'
Preliminary Certificate. Pass-cards are issued on passing in one or
more of these subjects, and the preliminary certificate when all are
passed.
Advanced Examinations.
These examinations are arranged for two courses of study; the
College Entrance Course and the Academic Course. In the College
Entrance Course, a diploma is granted on the completion of the en-
tire group of subjects given in the fourth column. In the Academic
Course a diploma is granted for Algebra (through quadratics), Amer-
ican History, Physical Geography, Physiology, Rhetoric and Plane
Geometry, together with eight additional subjects, four to be chosen
from Group I, and four from Group II. In each course a certificate
of progress termed an Intermediate Certificate is granted, viz.: in
the College Entrance Course for Algebra (through quadratics),
1 See P
supra.
846
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
American History and Cæsar's Commentaries, and in the Academic
course for Algebra (through quadratics), American History, Physical
Geography, Physiology and Rhetoric. The substitution of language
studies for others in the Academic Course is allowed as follows, viz.:
Cæsar's Commentaries and Xenophon's Anabasis for three subjects,
Virgil's Æneid, French translation, or German translation, for two
subjects, and Sallust's Catiline, Virgil's Eclogues, Cicero's Orations
or Homer's Iliad, for one subject: except that for at least two sub-
jects in Group I, and two in Group II, and for Algebra (through
quadratics), Geometry and American History, no substitution will
be allowed. Pass-cards are issued to the candidate on passing in
one or more of the subjects, and when they show a sufficient num-
ber of subjects passed, a claim, including the date of preliminary
certificate must be sent by the principal, and the certificate or diploma,
to which the holder is entitled, will be issued.
SUBJECTS OF THE ACADEMIC COURse.
Intermediate.
Algebra (through quadratics).
American History.
Physical Geography.
Physiology.
Rhetoric and English Comp.
Substitutes in Academic
Course.
Latin and Greek, col. 4.
French translation at sight.
Group I.
Book-keeping.
Civil Government.
English Literature.
History of England.
History of Greece.
History of Rome.
Mental Philosophy.
Moral Philosophy.
Political Economy.
Group II.
Algebra (higher)
Astronomy.
Botany.
Chemistry.
Drawing.
Geology.
Physics.
Plane Trigonometry.
Solid Geometry.
Zoology.
College
Entrance Course.
Algebra(through quadratics.)
American History.
Plane Geometry.
Cæsar's Com, bks. 1-4.
Sallust's Catiline.
Virgil's Eneid, bks. 1-6.
Virgil's Eclogues.
Cicero, six orations.
Latin Composition.
Xenop. Anab., bks. 1-3.
German translation at sight. | Plane Geometry required for either diploma. Homer's Iliad, bks. 1-3.
HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.
1. Doctor of Laws (LL. D.).
Robert R. Livingston, 1792.
William Patterson, 1792.
William Alexander Duer, 1829.
Benjamin Franklin Butler, 1834.
William Learned Marcy, 1844.
Alexander H. Stevens, 1849.
Harvey Peet Prindle, 1849.
Salem Town, 1849.
(
Joseph Henry, 1850.
Valentine Mott, 1851.
John McLean, 1854.
Mark Hopkins, 1857.
Peter Cooper, 1878.
Thurlow Weed, 1879.
Martin Brewer Anderson, 1881.
Aaron Lucius Chapin, 1882.
2. Doctor of Civil Law (D. C. L.).
William Beach Lawrence, 1873.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
847
3. Doctor of Literature (L. H. D.).
George Ticknor, 1864.
John Lathrop Motley, 1864.
Charles Murray Nairne, 1865.
Benjamin Nicholas Martin, 1869.
Edward North, 1869.
Goldwin Smith, 1870.
William Cullen Bryant, 1870.
Horatio Seymour, 1870.
Tayler Lewis, 1871.
William Dexter Wilson, 1871.
Frederick Augustus Porter Bar-
nard, 1872.
Charles Davies, 1874.
Moses Coit Tyler, 1883.
4. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.).
Philip P. Carpenter, 1860.
David Henry Cochran, 1862.
David Murray, 1864.
Alonzo Crittenden, 1865.
Noah Turner Clarke, 1869.
Malcolm McVickar, 1869.
Emerson John Hamilton, 1870.
Joel Dorman Steele, 1870.
Joseph Elijah King, 1872.
Jonathan Allen, 1873.
Alonzo Flack, 1873.
Cecil Flavel Petch Bancroft, 1874.
Daniel Johnson Pratt, 1874.
Albert Barnes Watkins, 1874.
Edwin Austin Sheldon, 1875.
Homer Baxter Sprague. 1875.
John Howard Van Amringe, 1877.
John Winthrop Chandler, 1877.
Stephen Gale Taylor, 1879.
John Edwin Bradley, 1879.
Ray Thomas Spencer, 1880.
Merrill Edwards Gates, 1880.
Daniel Strobel Martin, 1880.
Franklin Benjamin Hough, 1881.
Rodney Glentworth Kimball, 1883.
Edward Payson Waterbury, 1883.
Joseph Albert Lintner, 1884.
Willard Parker Ward, 1884.
Sylvanus Aden Ellis, 1884.
5. Doctor of Medicine (M. D.).
Oliver Comstock, 1812.
William Kirkpatrick, 1812
Andrew Morton, 1812.
Alexander Sheldon, 1812.
John Augustus Smith, 1812.
John Stearns, 1812.
David B. Warden, 1812.
Joseph White, 1812.
Westel Willoughby, Jr., 1812.
Thomas Cooper, 1816.
John D. Jacques, 1817.
Richard Davidson, 1819.
William H. Richardson, 1819.
John Van Cleve, 1819.
Luther Riley, 1828.
Lewis Phoenix, 1829.
Christopher C. Yates, 1832.
Henry Marshall, 1847.
Louis Agassiz, 1847.
William Farr, 1847.
848
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
6. Doctor of Medicine (M. D.).
[On the nomination of the State Medical Society; after 1840
pursuant to chapter 336]
Jonathan Eights, 1827.
Thomas Fuller, 1827.
Laurens Hull, 1827.
John Onderdonk, 1827.
Gain Robinson, 1827.
James Stevenson, 1827.
Thomas Broadhead, 1828.
Eleazer Gedney, 1828.
John D. IIenry, 1828.
Daniel Ayres, 1829.
Joseph G. T. Hunt, 182.
Henry H. Sherwood, 1829.
John H. Steele, 1829.
Enos Barnes, 1830.
Consider King, 1830.
Matson Smith, 1830.
Charles D. Townsend, 1830.
Thomas Dunlap, 1831.
John Ely, 1831.
John McClellan, 1831.
Samuel Porter, 1831.
Fayette Cooper, 1832.
Thomas O. H. Croswell, 1832.
Alpheus S. Greene, 1832.
Lucius Kellogg, 1832.
George W. Phillips, 1832.
Robert Collins, 1833.
George Eager, 1833.
Joshua Lee, 1833.
Benjamin J. Mooers, 1833.
Asahel Prior, 1833.
Joshua Trowbridge, 1833.
Harvey W. Doolittle, 1834.
Asa Fitch, 1834.
Richard S. Bryan, 1841.
Claudius C. Coan, 1841.
John Merriam, 1841.
Henry B. Moore, 1841.
William C. De Witt, 1842.
Levi Farr, 1842.
Thomas Goodsell, 1842.
Lester Jewett, 1842.
Matthias B. Bellows, 1844.
Samuel Maxwell, 1844.
William W. Miner, 1844.
Peter Van O'Linda, 1844.
William Mason, 1845.
Andrew F. Oliver, 1845.
Samuel Shumway, 1845.
Bartow White, 1845.
George W. Bradford, 1846.
Ithamer B. Crowe, 1846.
Truman B. Hicks, 1846.
Greene Miller, 1846.
Caleb Bannister, 1847.
Pelatiah B. Brooks, 1847.
Hiram Corliss, 1847.
John W. Weed, 1847.
Benjamin E. Bowen, 1848.
Eliphalet Platt, 1848.
George C. Scheffer, 1848.
Joshua Webster, 1848.
Arba Blair, 1849.
William D. Purple, 1849.
Lewis Riggs, 1849.
John W. Riggs, 1849.
Patrick W. Hard, 1850.
Nathaniel Miller, 1850.
John Thorn, 1850.
John E. Todd, 1850.
Phineas H. Burbank, 1851.
Purcell Cook, 1851.
Heman Norton, 1851.
Abel Brace, 1852.
EXAMINATIONS AND DEGREES.
849
Abel Huntington, 1852.
Erastus King, 1852.
Mason G. Smith, 1852.
Sardius Brewster, 1854.
John W. Hinckley, 1854.
Elias P. Metcalf, 1854.
Jacob G. Snell, 1854.
Edson Carr, 1855.
Alonzo Churchill, 1855.
Jonathan Kneeland, 1855.
James L. Phelps, 1855.
Hiram Adams, 1856.
Medina Preston, 1856.
Samuel J. Swalm, 1856.
Silas West, 1856.
Miller Barnes, 1857.
Daniel H. Bissell, 1857.
William S. Norton, 1857.
Hiram Watkins, 1857.
William S. Appley, 1858.
Nelson S. Garrison, 1858.
James Hogeboom, 1858.
William Rockwell, 1858.
Merritt H. Clark, 1859.
Richard Lanning, 1859.
Peter P. Staats, 1859.
James M. Sturdevant, 1859.
Francis J. De Avignon, 1860.
Peter Moulton, 1860.
Harrison Teller, 1860.
Charles G. Bacon, 1861.
Charles Barrows, 1861.
R. Spencer Chapin, 1864.
Leonard G. Warren, 1864.
Ferris Jacobs, 1865.
Richard L. Satterlee, U. S. A.,
1865.
John Van Ness, 1867.
Lewis Post, 1868.
Elijah S. Lyman, 1870.
Tobias J. Green, 1870.
Evander Odell, 1871.
Cornelius H. Schaaps, 1872.
William Lamont, 1872.
Nathan R. Teft, 1873.
Peter Denny, 1874.
William Newman, 1874.
Henry C. Seeley, 1875.
Samuel M. Crawford, 1876.
7. Doctor of Medicine (M. D.)
[On the nomination of the Homoeopathic State Medical Society,
pursuant to chapter 268 of the Laws of 1862.]
Frederick F. Stamm, 1865.
Oliver E. Noble, 1869.
Ira C. Owen, 1869.
Stephen D. Sherman, 1869.
Casper Bruckhausen, 1872.
William B. Reeve, 1872.
Alfred W. Gray, 1872.
John F. Gray, 1876.
Constantine Herring, 1876.
Harrison V. Miller, 1878.
William H. Watson, 1878.
William Gulick, 1878.
Egbert Guernsey, 1878.
Edward Payson Fowler, 1879.
Cornelius Ormes, 1879.
Charles Sumner, 1879.
Edward Bayard, 1880.
Asa Stone Couch, 1880.
Austin Wells Holden, 1880.
Lester Marcus Pratt, 1880.
Andrew Robinson Wright, 1881.
William Cowles Doane, M. D,
1881.
Henry Minton, M. D., 1881.
107
850
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Orlanda Groom, M. D., 1881.
Edwin Henry Hurd, 1881.
Alonzo Spofford Ball, 1881.
Horace Marshfield Paine, 1881.
Charles Taylor Harris, 1881.
Charles E. Swift, 1882.
E. Darwin Jones, 1882.
Reuben Curtis Moffat, M. D.,
1883.
Lorenzo Marcellus Kenyon, M.
D., 1883.
John James Mitchell, M. D.,
1883.
S. Powell Burdick, M. D., 1884.
John William Dowling, M. D., Timothy F. Allen, M. D., 1884.
1883.
8 Doctor of Medicine (M. D.).
[On examination pursuant to chapter 746 of the Laws of 1872.]
Louis E. Rade, M. D., 1880.
Howard Simmons Paine, 1881.
Isaac William Silberman, 1882.
George Blumer, 1882.
Milton Ambrose Wilson, 1883.
Samuel Spencer Wallian, 1883.
Russell Clark Paris, 1883
Juan Garcia Puron, 1884.
INDEX.
A.
Page.
Abolishing or Restoring an Academic Department, the Powers of a Board of
Education in
423
•
Academic Department, Powers of a Board of Education in Abolishing or Re-
storing an..
423
Academic Facilities at beginning of present Century
412
•
Academic Libraries.
512
Academic Organization, Obsolete Forms of.
438
Academic Returns in 1804-7..
420
Academies, Apportionment of Moneys to, by Senatorial Districts
450
Academies, Financial Condition of the
494
Academies, General Act for the Incorporation of
100
Academies of the State of New York
574
Academy at Little Falls. See "Little Falls Union School, Academic Depart-
ment."
Academy of Dutchess County. See "Poughkeepsie High School."
Academy of Our Lady of the Cataract (Niagara Falls)
•
Adams Collegiate Institute
Academy of the Sacred Heart
•
Addison Academy. See "Addison Union School, Academic Department.
Addison Union School, Academic Department..
Adelphi Academy
Afton Union School
Agricultural College, New York State.
Albany Academy.
•
Albany College
Albany Female Academy
Albany College of Pharmacy
Albany Female Seminary.
Albany High School.
•
Albany Lancaster School Society
Albany Law School ..
Albany Medical College
Albany Pearl Street Academy.
•
Albany State Normal School.
Albany State Normal School War Record.
Albion Academy
Albion Union School, Academic Department
• •
Alexander Classical School. See "Genesee and Wyoming Seminary."
Alfred Academy. See "Alfred University, Academic Department.
Alfred University.
Alfred University, Academic Department.
Theological Department of
Almond Academy
•
Alumni Associations
Alumni Trustees.
Amenia Seminary.
▸
American College of Medical Science
575
575
575
576
576
•
577
259
577
351
172
578
578
578
429
173
169
578
835
840
578
579
278
578
•
365
580
443
443
580
368
852
INDEX.
Page.
American School of Mines...
351
American Veterinary College..
Ames Academy
368
580
Antwerp Liberal Literary Institute. See "Ives Seminary.”
Amsterdam Academy
Amsterdam Female Seminary
Andes Collegiate Institute.
Angelica Academy
Angola Union School, Academic Department..
Appropriations made to the Academies by the Regents..
Apportionment of Moneys to Academies by Senatorial Districts.
Apportionment of Moneys to Academies by Impartial Distribution
581
581
581
581
581
459
450
453
Arcade Academy.
Arrears of Quit-Rents.
Argyle Academy.
Ashland Collegiate Institute
Astoria Institute...
Attendance at Academies
582
86
582
582
582
501
Attica Union Free School and Academy.
Auburn Academic High School
Auburn Academy
582
• •
583
583
Auburn College.
Auburn Female Seminary
Auburn Female University
•
Augusta Academy
352
584
352
Auburn Medical College...
Aurora Academy.
Aurora Normal Labor Seminary.
Ausable Forks Union School, Academic Department
Avon Academy
Avon Union School, Academic Department
368
584
584
441, 584
585
585
585
·
•
B.
Bainbridge Union School, Academic Department...
Baldwinsville (Free) Academy.
Ball Seminary. See "Hoosick Falls Union School."
Ballston Academy
Baptist Theological Seminary.
Batavia Female Academy.
Batavia Union School
Bath-on-the-Hudson Union School, Academic Department.
Bedford Academy..
Bedford Female Institute.
Bellevue Hospital Medical College.
585
585
.412, 586
364
586
586
587
•
587
587
369
Berneville Academy and Female Seminary
588
•
Bethany Academy
588
Binghamton Academy.
See " Binghamton Centrul High School."
Binghamton Central High School.
588
Black River Conference Seminary. See "Ives Seminary.'
Black River Literary and Religious Institute. See
Watertown High School."
Blooming Grove Academy..
589
Board of Visitation of Colleges and Academies, The Powers of a.
71
Boonville Union School, Academic Department...
589
Binghamton Literary and Commercial Institute.
589
Bridgewater Academy
590
Brockport College.
353
Brockport Collegiate Institute.
590
·
Brookfield Union School, Academic Department
Brookfield Academy. See " Brookfield Union School, Academic Department.
•
590
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute..
Brooklyn Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies.
Brooklyn Female Academy..
591
591
591
INDEX.
853
Page.
Brooklyn Ladies' College.
354
Brooklyn Medical and Surgical Institute, The.
374
Brooklyn University.....
360
Broome Academy
591
Broome and Chenango counties, Lands in..
86
Brownville Female Seminary
591
Buffalo Academy and Literary Institute.
Buffalo Central School
592
•
592
•
Buffalo College.
354
Buffalo College of St. Joseph.
354
Buffalo Female Academy.
592
Buffalo Female Seminary.
592
Buffalo Literary and Scientific Institute.
592
Buffalo High School Association. See “ Buffalo Literary and Scientific In-
stitute."
Buffalo University...
360
C.
Cambridge Union School, Academic Department..
593
Cambridge Washington Academy. See Cambridge Union School, Academic
Department."
Camden Union School, Academic Department.
593
Canajoharie Academy. See “ Canajoharie Union School, Academic Depart-
Canisius College
Canisteo Academy.
Canton Union School, Academic Department
Capital City Medical College (Albany).
Castile Union School, Academic Department.
Catskill Academy.
ment.
"
Canajoharie Union School, Academic Department.
Canandaigua Academy
Canandaigua Union School, Academic Department.
Canastota Union School, Academic Department.
Camden Free Academy.
Canton Academy. See "Canton Union School, Academic Department.'
Carlisle Seminary
Carthage Union School, Academic Department.
Cary Collegiate Seminary
Catskill Classical School
593
412, 594
595
•
595
...
595
344
596
>>
596
374
596
597
•
597
597
597
597
Catskill Female Seminary
Catskill Free Academy.
Catskill Lancaster School Society
Cayuga Academy
Cayuga Lake Academy.
Cazenovia Seminary.
597
598
429
413, 598
598
598
Central New York Conference Seminary. See "Cazenovia Seminary."
Chamberlain Institute
Champlain Academy. See " Champlain Union School, Academic Depart-
ment."
599
Champlain Union Schoor, Academic Department
Chautauqua Collegiate Institute
Chautauqua University..
Chateaugay Union School, Academic Department.
•
Chenango and Broome counties, Lands in.
Cherry Valley Academy
Chester Academy. See "Chester Union School, Academic Department."
Chester Union School, Academic Department..
Christian Biblical Institute..
Chili Seminary
Christian Brothers' Academy of Albany.
• •
600
601
354
601
86
•
413, 601
601
602
365
602
•
854
INDEX.
Cincinnatus Academy
Clarence Academy. See "Parker Union School."
Clarence Classical Union School. See "Parker Union School.”
Page.
602
Clarkson Academy
Clarkson High School.
Claverack Academy
• •
602
602
603
Clifton Springs Female Seminary
Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute.
Clermont Academy....
Clinton Academy
Clinton College (Fairfield).
Clinton Grammar School
Clinton Liberal Institute.
603
604
604
413, 604
355
·
605
605
Clinton Seminary
Clinton Township.
Clover Street Seminary.
• · •
606
85
:
606
Clyde High School
Cobleskill Union School, Academic Department.
Colgate Academy..
College of Anesthesia, New York.
College of Dental Surgery, New York
606
607
607
403
404
•
College of Dentistry, New York...
403
College of Missionaries
356
College of Pharmacy, Albany
172
College of Pharmacy of the City of New York
374
•
College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York.
376
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Buffalo....
375
College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of New York
(Fairfield)..
387
College of St. Francis Xavier.
286
College of the City of New York
322
College Plans Proposed, but not put in Operation.
351
Colleges, Denominational, the Policy of Restricting the Incorporation of.
94
Colleges, General Act for the Incorporation of
100
Colleges, General Statistics of..
102
Colleges, History of Particular.
118
Colleges, Increased Requirements in the Incorporation of.
99
Colleges, List of, Arranged in the Order of Establishment.
112
Colleges, Medical, Incorporation of .
100
Colleges, Rules for the Incorporation of
Colleges, The Policy of Restricting the Number of
Collegiate Institute of the City of New York....
Collinsville Institute
Columbia Academy...
Columbia College
Early Medical School of.
Education of Women in
Elgin Botanic Garden of.
·
Faculty of the School of Arts of
School of Law
•
School of Mines.
School of Political Science
93
94
607
607
414, 608
118
125
135
124
136
139
139
140
·
Law School of ...
Library of...
School of Library Economy
School of Mines..
School of Political Science
129
135
•
136
131
134
Columbia Veterinary College.
Common School System, Efforts in the Establishment of a.
Common School Teachers, Instruction of, in Academies
Conservatory of Music, Grand, of the City of New York
Constantinople, The Robert College of.
Constitutional Provisions.
393
•
65
526
356
362
77
INDEX.
855
Cook Academy.
...
Convocation, University, of the State of New York
Cooper Institute.
Cooper Union..
Cooperstown Female Academy
•
Cooperstown Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute.
Cooperstown Union School, Academic Dopartment.
Cornell University
Corning Free Academy.
Corning Institute
Cortland Academy. See "Homer Union School, Academic Department."
Cortland Female Seminary.
...
Cortland ville Academy
Coxsackie Academy.
Coxsackie Union School, Academic Department.
• ·
Crown Point Union School, Academic Department
Crumhorn Mountain Tract
•
•
Cuba Union School, Academic Department..
D.
Page.
789
608
608
341
608
608
609
300
609
609
609
609
610
610
610
•
86
610
Dansville Seminary.
Dean Academy
610
611
Delaware Academy.
Degrees conferred by the Regents....
Degrees, Honorary, conferred by the Regents.
Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)
Doctor of Civil Law (D. C. L.).
Doctor of Literature (L. H. D.)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.).
Doctor of Medicine (M. D.).
DeLancey Divinity School
De Lancey's Institute
•
Delaware Literary Institute.
•
·
Denominational Colleges, The Policy of the Incorporation of.
Deposit Academy. See "Deposit Union School, Academic Department."
Deposit Fund, United States..
Deposit Union School, Academic Department.
842
846
• •
846
846
847
847
847
365
611
611
612
94
•
90
612
DeRuyter Institute. See "
..
See "De Ruyter Union School, Academic Department.”
De Ruyter Union School, Academic Department...
De Veaux College for Orphans and Destitute Children.
Determinations of Longitude
612
613
•
775
Dover Academy..
613
Drew Seminary and Female College.
613
Drew Theological Seminary of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
364
Dryden Union School, Academic Department.
613
•
Dudley Observatory.
175
·
Dundee Academy
614
Dundee Preparatory School.
614
Dunkirk Academy..
614
•
Dunkirk Union Free School..
Dunkirk Union School, Academic Department.
Dutchess Academy (Poughkeepsie).
614
614
414
•
E.
East Aurora Union School, Academic Department..
614
East Bloomfield Academy
614
Eastern Collegiate Institute in the City of New York
615
•
East Genesee Conference Seminary. See " Ovid Union School, Academic De-
partment.
East Hamburg Friends Institute.
615
856
INDEX.
East Henrietta Union School, Academic Department.
East Springfield Academy
· •
Eclectic Medical College of the City of New York
Egberts High School
Egberts Institute
•
Electro-medical College of the State of New York
Elgin Botanic Garden
•
Elizabethtown Union School, Academic Department.
Ellenville High School. See "Ulster Female Seminary."
Ellington Academy.
Ellington Union School, Academic Department.
Elmira Academy..
Elmira Collegiate Seminary.
Elmira Female College.
Elmira Free Academy
•
Erasmus Hall (Flatbush)
Essex County Academy.
Evans Academy.
•
•
•
Examinations and Degrees conferred by the Regents
Examinations written, in Academies..
Page.
615
615
394
615
615
394
124
615
D
616
616
616
616
269
616
414, 616
617
617
842
456
393
351
498
117
351
362
Excelsior College of the City of New York
Exceptional plans of Colleges.
Expenditures of Academies
• • •
Extra limital Colleges..
Expenditure of Colleges, statement of revenue and
Extra limital Colleges established under the laws of New York
F.
Fabius Select School.
Fairfield Academy
Fairfield Seminary
Fairport Union School, Academic Department..
Falley Seminary
Falley Seminary of the Black River Conference.
Farmers' Hall Academy..
Farmers' Hall (Goshen)
432, 617
415, 618
619
619
619
619
620
415
Fayetteville Academy. See" Fayetteville Union School, Academic Department.'
Fayetteville Seminary
€20
Fayetteville Union School, Academic Department.
620
Female Academy of the Sacred Heart (Albany)...
621
Female Academy of the Sacred Heart (New York city).
Female Academy of the Sacred Heart (Rochester)..
620
•
621
Female Institution of the Visitation, in the city of Brooklyn.
Financial condition of Academies.
621
•
495
Fishkill Education Society..
621
....
Fishkill Female Seminary and Collegiate Institute.
621
Flushing Academy
415
Flushing Female College
356
Flushing Institute....
Fonda Academy.
Flushing High School
Forestville Free Academy
Fort Covington Academy..
•
Fort Edward Collegiate Institute
Fort Edward Union School, Academic Department.
621
621
•
622
622
622
622
•
623
Fort Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute.
Franklin Academy (Malone)...
•
Franklin Academy and Union School of Prattsburgh.
Franklin Academy (Prattsburgh). See "Franklin Academy and Union School
of Prattsburgh.'
Fredonia Academy
Friends Academy. See "Oakwood Seminary."
623
623
625
625
INDEX.
857
Page.
626
Friendship Academy..
Fulton Academy; Fulton Female Seminary; Fulton Seminary. See "Falley
Seminary.'
Fulton Union School, Academic Department...
Funds, literature...
G.
626
80
Gaines Academy.
626
Galway Academy.
626
•
Galway Academy (2)
627
•
• •
•
Genesee and Wyoming Seminary.
Genesee College.
Genesee Conference Seminary.
Genesee Manual Labor Seminary.
Genesee Seminary..
• •
Genesee Valley Seminary.
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary.
Geneseo Academy.
Geneva Academy..
•
Geneva Classical and Union School.
Geneva College. See "Hobart College."
Geneva Medical College..
Genoa Academy.
Geological Survey of the State of New York, Publications of the
Public documents relating to the, and to the State Museum..
German-American School of Morrisania.
German Martin Luther College.
•
Gilbertsville Academy and Collegiate Institute
General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the
United States (New York). .
364
627
• ·
245
627
441, 628
•
628
628
628
629
630
631
•
214
631
752
•
756
631
356
631
Glens Falls Academy.
Gloversville Union Academy.
Gowanda Union School, Academic Department.
Grammar School of Columbia College..
631
632
633
633
356
•
Grand Conservatory of Music of the City of New York.
Gouverneur High School. See "Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary.
Grammar School of Madison University. See " Colgate Academy."
Grammar School of New York Central College..
Grammar School of the University of the City of New York.
633
633
Granville Academy.
633
•
Granville Military Institute. See "North Granville Ladies' Seminary."
Greenbush and Schodack Academy...
634
Greene Union School, Academic Department.
634
Greenville Academy.
634
Greenwich Union School, Academic Department.
635
•
Griffith Academy; Griffith Institute..
635
Groton Academy. See "Groton Union School, Academic Department."
Groton Union School, Academic Department
635
H.
Half-Moon Academy
Hall, James, LL.D., "State Museum of Natural History," by.
Hamburg Union School, Academic Department..
636
743
636
Hamilton Academy.
636
Hamilton College
1777
Law School
Hamilton Female Seminary
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution
Hamilton-Oneida Academy.
Hancock Union School...
195
637
637
416, 637
639
108
858
INDEX.
Page.
Harlem Literary and Scientific Academy.
Hartford Academy
639
639
Hartwick Seminary.
639
Hartwick Theological Seminary
365
Haverling Union School, Academic Department..
640
Hedding Literary Institute.
640
Hempstead Institute
641
Hempstead Seminary
641
Henrietta Union School, Academic Department. See "East Henrietta Union
School, Academic Department."
Herkimer Academy.
641
Herkimer Union School, Academic Department.
641
Highland Grove Gymnasium.
641
High School of New York
641
Historical and Statistical Record of the University of the State of New York. 39
Historical Publications and Records of the Regents.
776
History of Particular Colleges....
118
History of the Regents, General Outline of the
64
Hobart Hall Academy.
641
Hobart College.
199
Holland Patent Academy
642
Holland Patent Union School
642
Holley Academy
642
Homer Union School, Academic Department
642
•
Homes, Henry A., LL.D., Sketch of the New York State Library, by.
Homœopathic College, New York.
733
•
397
Homœopathic College of Physicians and Surgeons. See
cians and Surgeons of Buffalo."
College of Physi-
Homœopathic Medical College of the State of New York..
Hornell Free Academy..
Hoosick Falls Union School, Academic Department.
Horseheads Union School, Academic Department.
397
643
643
·
644
•
•
Houghton Seminary.
Hubbardsville Academy
Hudson Academy
Hudson High School..
Hudson River Agricultural Seminary
Hungerford Collegiate Institute
Hunter Classical School
644
644
644
644
645
575
432
Huntington Union School, Academic Department..
Hygieo-Therapeutic College, New York
645
404
I.
Ilion Union School, Academic Department.
Income, The, of Literature Funds.
Incorporation of Academies, Rules adopted by the Regents for
645
444
409
Incorporation of Colleges and Academies, General Act for the
100
•
Incorporation of Colleges, Increased Requirements in the
Incorporation of Colleges, Rules for the
99
93
Incorporation of Denominational Colleges, The Policy of.
Incorporation of Medical Colleges..
94
100
Incorporation, The, of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific and Missionary Soci-
eties
442
•
Ingham Collegiate Institute
645
Ingham University...
281
Ingham University, Academic Department.
645
•
Instruction of Common School Teachers...
526
Introductory Sketch of the University of the State of New York.
5
Ithaca Academy.
646
Ithaca College.
356
Ives Seminary
646
•
INDEX.
859
J.
Page.
Jamestown Academy
Jane Grey School
•
Jefferson Academy.
Jefferson Medical College of Watertown..
Jerauld Institute...
Jewish Theological Seminary and Scientific Institute.
Johnstown Academy.
Jonesville Academy.
647
648
648
394
648
365
•
416, 648
649
Jordan Academy….
649
..
•
Keeseville Academy.
Kinderhook Academy
Kingsboro Academy.
Kingston Academy.
Kingston College..
Kingston Free Academy.
•
..
Knoxville Academy...
K.
L.
649
650
650
416, 650
356
650
651
LaFayette High School....
Lands in Broome and Chenango counties.
Lancaster Academy....
Lancasterian Schools
•
Lansingburgh Academy
Laurel Bank Seminary.
Lawrenceville Academy
Law School, Albany.
Leavenworth Institute..
•
• • •
• •
Leonardsville Union School, Academic Department.
LeRoy Academic Institute..
LeRoy Female Seminary.
•
•
Lewiston High School Academy.
Liberty Normal Institute..
Libraries, Academic..
•
•
State Law, other than that located in Albany.
651
86
651
426
417, 651
652
652
173
652
652
652
653
653
653
512
742
...
Library, New York State..
733
Limestone Union School, Academic Department.
654
Lisle Union School, Academic Department..
654
List of Colleges arranged in the order of establishment.
112
List of Regents from 1784 to 1884, inclusive.
782
Literature Funds
80
Literature Fund, History of the.
424
Literature Funds, The Income of..
444
Literature Fund, The increase of the, in 1827.
86
Literature Lotteries..
85
Literary and Scientific Institution of York.
654
Litchfield Observatory.
191
Little Falls Union School, Academic Department.
654
•
Liverpool Union School, Academic Department..
654
•
•
Livingston County High School Association. See "Geneseo Academy.
Livonia Academic Association..
655
Lockport Academy.
655
Long Island College Hospital.
Lowville Academy.
..
Lockport Union School, Academic Department.
Longitude, Determinations of
Lyons Academy.
Lyons Union School...
655
394
775
655
657
657
860
INDEX.
M.
Macedon Academy.
Madison Union School, Academic Department.
Madison University.
Magnetic Needle, Observations upon the Variation of the.
Manhattan College.
Manlius Academy..
Mansion Square Female Seminary.
...
Manual Labor Seminaries.
Marathon Academy.
Margaretville Utilitarian School.
Marcellus, or Skaneateles College..
Marion Academy
Marion Collegiate Institute
Marshall Seminary of Easton.
Martin Institute.
Martin Luther College, German.
Page.
657
657
238
774
297
658
658
440
658
358
•
658
659
659
659
659
356
Mary Warren Free Institute of the city of Troy. See "Warren Free Insti-
tute of the city of Troy."
Mary Washington School.
660
Massena Union School, Academic Department
660
Mayville Academy..
660
McGrawville Union School, Academic Department.
657
•
Mechanicville Academy.
660
Medical College, Albany
169
Medical College and Hospital for Women, New York.
405
Medical College, Geneva
214
Medical College, Metropolitan..
396
Medical Colleges, General Statistics of
366
•
Medical Colleges, Incorporation of..
100
Medical Colleges, Laboratory of the city of New York.
396
Medical Colleges, Separate....
366
Medical Department of Rutgers College
398
·
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo.
399
Medical School of Columbia College..
125
Medina Academy....
660
Mendon Academy..
661
Metropolitan Medical College.
396
Mexico Academy.
661
Middlebury Academy..
661
Military Instruction in Academies.
433
•
Military Tract..
84
Millville Academy...
Monitorial Schools..
Monroe Academy.
Monticello Academy
Moravia Institute...
• •
Military Tract, Reservations for Educational Purposes in the..
Monitorial School Society in the village of Lansingburgh
Montgomery Academy
83
662
426
429
662
.417, 663
662
•
663
Moravia Union School, Academic Department.
664
•
Moriah Academy
Morris Union School, Academic Department.
664
664
Morrisville Union School..
Mount Kisco Educational Institute.
Mount Morris Union School, Academic Department,
Mount Pleasant Academy.
Mount Pleasant Female Seminary.
664
665
664
665
665
Munroe Academy.
665
·
•
Murray, David, Ph. D., LL.D. Introductory Sketch of the University of the
State of New York, by...
5
Museum of Natural History, State .
743
INDEX.
861
N.
Page.
Naples Academy.
666
Nassau Academy
666
Newark Union School and Academy
666
New Berlin Academy
666
Newburgh Academy.
418, 667
Newburgh Female Seminary Company.
New Lots Union School, Academic Department.
667
667
New Paltz Academy
Newport Union School, Academic Department...
New Rochelle Academy..
New Rochelle Union School, Academic Department.
Newton Female Academy.
··
New Woodstock Academy.
667
668
668
668
669
669
New York Central Academy. See "McGrawville Union School, Academic De-
partment."
New York Central College Association.
259
New York College of Anesthesia.
403
New York College of Dental Surgery.
404
•
New York College of Dentistry..
403
New York College of Veterinary Surgeons
407
New York Conference Seminary..
669
New York Conference Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute.
669
New York Free Academy
669
New York Free Medical College for Women.
406
New York High School..
670
New York Homoeopathic College.
397
New York Hygieo-Therapeutic College.
404
New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.
670
•
New York Law College.
358
·
New York Law Institute.
358
New York Medical College..
404
New York Medical College and Hospital for Women.
405
New York Preparatory School of Medicine
407
New York State Agricultural College..
259
New York State and National Law School.
358
Niagara University..
344
Nichols Union School, Academic Department.
671
Normal School at Albany..
835
Northern New York Conference Seminary. See "Ives Seminary.”
North Brookfield Union School, Academic Department.
671
North Granville Female Seminary.
671
North Granville Ladies' Seminary
North Salem Academy.
•
North Hebron Institute..
North Tarrytown Union School.
Norwich Academy
Norwich Union Seminary
Nunda Academy.
Nunda Literary Institute.
671
..
•
418, 672
672
673
673
673
673
673
0.
Oakwood Seminary
•
Observations, Meteorological
Observations, Scientific, at Academies
Observations upon the Variation of the Magnetic Needle
Obsolete Forms of Academic Organization
Officers of the Board of Regents
Ogdensburg Academy
Ogdensburg Educational Institute.
Olean Academy Association..
Olean Union School, Academic Department.
674
•
766
766
774
438
787
674
675
675
675
862
INDEX.
Oneida Conference Seminary. See "Cazenovia Seminary.”
Oneida Institute of Industry and Science..
Oneida Seminary.
•
Oneonta Union School, Academic Department..
Onondaga Academy
•
Ontario Female Seminary.
Ontario High School
•
Organization of the Board of Regents.
Orleans Academy
Oswegatchie Academy.
Oswego Academy
Oswego High School ..
Otsego Academy
Ovid Academy.
Owego Academy.
•
•
Oxford Academy.
•
Oyster Bay Academy
P.
Page.
441, 676
676
676
676
677
677
39
677
678
678
678
.418, 678
678
679
..418, 679
.419, 680
Packer Collegiate Institute
Painted Post Union School, Academic Department
681
• •
681
Palatine Bridge Union Free School.
681
·
Palmyra Academy.
681
Palmyra Classical Union School.
681
Palmyra High School.
682
Papers read before the University Convocation, Index to the,
794
Parker Union School..
682
Parma Institute
682
Peekskill Academy
682
Pembroke and Darien Classical School.
683
Penfield Seminary
683
Penn Yan Academy
683
·
People's College
266
Perry Academy.
684
Perry Center Institute
684
Peterboro Academy. See "Evans Academy.'
Phelps Union and Classical School
684
Phipps Union Seminary...
685
Phoenix Union School, Academic Department
685
•
Piermont Academy..
685
Pike Seminary.
685
Place College..
358
Plans, College, Proposed, but not put in Operation..
Plans of Colleges, Exceptional
351
351
Plattsburgh Academy.
685
Polytechnic Institute, Rensselaer.
345
Pompey Academy
686
Port Byron Free School and Academy.
686
Port Henry Union School, Academic Department.
687
•
Port Jervis Union School, Academic Department
687
Portville Union School, Academic Department.
Poughkeepsie Collegiate School..
687
687
Poughkeepsie Female Academy.
687
•
Poughkeepsie Female Seminary
687
Poughkeepsie High School
688
Poughkeepsie Lancaster School Society.
430
Powers, The, of a Board of Visitation of Colleges and Academies.
71
Prattsville Academy
689
Preble High School.
689
Presbyterian Theological Seminary (Auburn)
364
•
Princetown Academy..
689
•
Property and Investments of Academies.
494
INDEX.
863
Prospect Academy
Pulaski Academy
Purchase of Books and Apparatus..
Page.
689
689
512
•
689
Putnam Union School, Academic Department..
Q.
Quit-rents, arrears of.
86
R.
•
Randolph Academy Association.
Raymond Collegiate Institute
Receipts of Academies..
Red Creek Union Academy..
Red Creek Union Seminary.
Red Hook Academy..
Refugees' Academy.
•
•
Regents, Annual Reports of the.
Alphabetical list of.
•
Degrees conferred by the..
Historical Publications and Records of the.
Officers of the Board of.
Regents, General Outline of the History of the
Regents, Organization of the.
Rensselaer Institute
..
Rensselaer-Oswego Academy. See "Mexico Academy."
See "Chamberlain Institute.”
690
496
690
690
690
690
. 788
783
842
776
787
64
39
691
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer School...
Rensselaerville Academy..
Reports of the Regents, Annual
Requirements, Increased, in the Incorporation of Colleges..
345
691
691
788
99
Reservation for Educational Purposes in the Military Tract
Restricting the Incorporation of Denominational Colleges, the Policy of..
Restricting the Number of Colleges, the Policy of...
Revenue and Expenditure of Colleges, Statement of
• •
83
94
94
117
Rhinebeck Academy..
Rhinebeck Union School.
691
691
Richburgh Academy.
Richmond College.
Richmondville Union Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute.
692
359
692
•
Ridgebury Academy..
Riga Academy.
Riverdale Institute.
692
•
692
692
Robert College, The, of Constantinople
Rochester Academy of Music and Art...
Rochester Christian Brothers' Academy and Seminary.
Rochester Collegiate Institute, No. 1.
Rochester Collegiate Institute, No. 2
Rochester Female Academy.
Rochester Free Academy..
Rochester High School, No. 1
Rochester High School in the County of Monroe.
Rochester High School, No. 2
Rochester Institute of General Education...
Rochester Institute of Practical Education..
Rochester Theological Seminary.
Rochester University
Rockland Academy.
•
362
693
693
•
693
694
693
•
694
694
•
694
694
693
693
7
365
248
695
Rockland Female Institute.
•
Rockville Centre Institute...
695
695
Rogersville Union Seminary
Rome Academy..
Royalton Centre Academy
695
695
696
864
INDEX.
Rules for the Incorporation of Colleges.
Rural Acadeiny
Rural Seminary.
Rush Academy of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion's Connection
Rushford Academy
Rushford Union School, Academic Department.
Rushville Union School, Academic Department.
Rutgers College, Medical Department of...
Rutgers Female College..
Rutgers Female Institute
• •
•
Rye Academy....
S.
Sage College for Women. See " Cornell University."
Sag Harbor Institute.
Sag Harbor Union School, Academic Department.
St. Andrew's Preparatory Seminary
St. Bonaventure's College.
St. Francis' College..
St. Francis Xavier College
•
• •
St. Joseph's Academy and Industrial Female School of Lockport
St. Joseph's Theological Seminary of the Province of New York
St. John's College (Brooklyn).
St. John's College (Fordham).
St. Lawrence Academy...
•
St. Lawrence County, The ten towns in
St. Lawrence Theological School......
St. Lawrence University.
•
St. Mary's Academy and Female Industrial School of Buffalo.
St. Mary's Catholic Institute
St. Paul's College
•
St. Paul's College (New York City)...
St. Stephen's College
Salamanca Union School, Academic Department.
Sand Lake Academy.
•
Sandy Creek Union School, Academic Department
Sandy Hill Academy...
Sandy Hill Union School, Academic Department..
+
Sans Souci Seminary
Saratoga Academy and Scientific Institute.
Saratoga Springs Union School, Academic Department..
Saugerties Academy
Sauquoit Academy
Schaghticoke Seminary.
Schenectady Academy.
Schenectady Lancaster School Society.
• •
Schenectady Lyceum and Academy.
Schenectady Union School, Academic Department
Schenectady Young Ladies' Seminary...
Schenevus Union School, Academic Department.
Schoharie Academy.
School of Mines, American
School of Mines of Colombia College
Schuylerville Academy.
Scientific and Military Academy of the Western District
•
Scientific Observations at Academies...
Select Schools..
Page.
93
696
696
696
•
696
696
697
398
326
697
697
697
697
365
339
350
286
697
365
359
•
235
697
85
365
274
698
698
•
698
359
283
699
699
699
699
699
699
700
700
700
700
701
701
430
701
702
701
702
702
•
351
131
702
703
766
430
Seminary of the Genesee and Oneida Conferences. See "Cazenovia Semi-
nary.
Seminary of the Genesee Conference. See "Cazenovia Seminary."
Seminary of Our Lady of Angels
Seneca Falls Academy..
..365, 703
704
INDEX.
865
Page.
Seward Female Seminary of Rochester..
Seymour Smith Academy
Sherburne Union Academy
Sherman Academy
Sherman Union School, Academic Department
Silver Creek Union School, Academic Department.
Sinclairville Union School, Academic Department.
Skaneateles Academy
Skaneateles-or Marcellus-College
Skaneateles Union School, District No. 10, Academic Department.
Smithville Union School, Academic Department..
Sodus Academy
Southold Academy
•
Spencertown Academy.
Spencer Union School, Academic Department
Spring Mills Academy.
•
Springville Academy. See " Griffith Institute.”
S. S. Seward Institute
Stamford Seminary.
Starkey Seminary.
•
State Boundary Lines, Verification and Marking of..
State Library, New York...
Statement of Revenue and Expenditure of Colleges.
Statistics, General, of Colleges
· •
704
704
704
705
705
·
•
•
705
• ·
705
706
358
706
•
706
706
706
707
706
707
707
707
707
760
733
117
102
Steuben Academy.
Stillwater Academy
708
708
•
Stillwater Seminary.
Stockholders, Incorporation of Academies and High Schools under.
Sullivan County Academy
Syracuse Academy
Susquehanna Seminary
•
Syracuse High School
Syracuse University.
·
Syracuse University Medical College
Syrian Protestant College at Beirout
708
438
•
708
708
709
709
333
338
362
•
T.
Teachers, Teaching, Attendance, etc., in Academies.
Temple Grove Seminary.
Ten Broeck Free Academy
Ten Towns, The, in St. Lawrence County
Terms, Number of, and Weeks of Vacation in Academies
Text-books used in Academies
Theological Departinent of Alfred University
Theological Seminaries...
Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church of New York.
Theological Seminary, St. Joseph's..
Ticonderoga Academy.
•
Tonawanda Union School, Academic Department
Toussaint L'Ouverture College
Tracy Female College
Tracy Female Institute.
•
•
Troy and Albany Medical Schools
Troy Academy.
Troy Episcopal Institute
Troy Female Seininary.
Troy High School..
Troy University..
Troupsburgh Academy.
Trumansburgh Academy.
Turin Academy
•
·
•
504
709
709
85
507
507
365
351, 364
364
365
710
710
359
360
710
407
710
711
711
711
272
710
711
•
712
109
866
INDEX.
U.
Page.
Ulster Female Seminary
Ulster Free Academy..
Unadilla Academy.
Union Academy of Bellville.
712
712
712
713
Union Academy (Granger).
Union Academy (Stone Arabia).
·
713
419, 713
Union College....
Union Free Schools.
Union Hall of Catskill. See "Catskill Academy."
Union Hall Academy.
•
Union Hall Academy (Catskill)..
144
422
713
420
Union Hall Academy (Jamaica)..
Union University
Union Literary Society.
Union Village Academy
United States Deposit Fund...
United States Medical College..
fore the.
University of Brooklyn
University of Buffalo..
Medical Department of.
University of Vermont.
420
143
441, 713
Union Theological Seminary in the city of New York..
364
•
714
90
408
University Convocation of the State of New York..
University Convocation of the State of New York, index to papers read be-
789
794
360
360, 714
399
363
University of the City of New York..
Department of Law of the
Grammar School of the
•
•
Medical Department of the..
University of Western New York.
University, Medical College…..
Ursuline Convent..
Utica Academy.
• • •
Utica City Library
•
•
Utica Female Seminary..
216
232
226
227
360
227
714
714
716
716
V.
Vassar College.
Vermont, University of
Vernon Academy
Victory Academy.
•
•
W.
289
363
717
717
Wallabout Select Grammar School of the Seventh Ward of the City of
Brooklyn....
Wallkill Academy.
·
Walton Academy.
•
Walworth Academy.
Warren County High School.
Warren Free Institute in the City of Troy.
• •
Warrensburgh Academy..
Warnersville Union Seminary and Female Institute.
Warsaw Union School, Academic Department...
(
· Warwick Institute..
Washington Academy (Salem)..
Washington Academy (Warwick)
Washington College...
. 717
717
718
718
719
718
719
718
719
719
420, 719
722
360
Collegiate Institute."
Washington County Seminary and Collegiate Institute. See "Fort Edward
Washington Seminary. See "Claverack Academy."
INDEX.
867
Waterford Academy..
Waterford Female Academy.
Waterford Union School..
Waterloo Academy.
•
•
Waterloo Union School, Academic Department.
Watertown Academy.
Page.
722
722
722
722
722
723
Watertown High School.
Waterville Union School.
mies of New York," by ..
Watson Agricultural Institute...
Waverly High School..
Waverly Institute..
Wayne County Collegiate Institute..
723
724
Watkins Academy
Watkins, Albert B., "Instruction of Common School Teachers in the Acade-
723
526
724
724
724
Wayne and Ontario Collegiate Institute
Webster Academy.
Weedsport Academy
Weedsport Union School.
Wells College
Wells Seminary
•
Wellsville Union School, Academic Department.
Wesleyan Seminary
Westchester Union School No. 1, Academic Department..
Westchester Union School No. 3, Academic Department.
Westfield Academy.
West Hebron Classical School
West Hebron Union School, Academic Department.
Westminster College.
Westport Union School...
Westtown Academy..
West Winfield Academy.
724
724
725
725
725
329
725
725
• •
725
725
•
726
726
726
726
•
362
726
726
727
Whitehall Academy
White Plains Academy.
• •
Whitesboro' Academy.
Whitestown Seminary.
•
Whitney's Point Union School, Academic Department.
Williamsville Academy
Wilson Collegiate Institute.
Windsor Academy
Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children 406
Women's College of Physicians and Surgeons
Woodbull Academy....
Written Examinations in Academies
Wyomanock Female Seminary....
727
727
727
727
728
729
729
729
406
729
456
730
Y.
730
Yates Academy..
Yates County Academy and Female Seminary.
Yates Polytechnic Institute.
730
·
Yates Union School.....
.441, 731
732
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