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# ANNUAL REPORT -;
'i' --—-— OF THE


PUBLIC SCHOOLS
OF THE
CITY OF ALPENA,
MICH IGAN.
1890- 1891.
PUBLISHED BY THE
BOARD OF EDUCATION.
ALPENA, MICHIGAN.
N/[E., N/IE E RS
'#' --- —— OF THE -- ----------i-
BOARD OF EDUCATION
ELECTED UNDER THE NEW CHARTER,
Te 1-1 r. E. × pires April, 1892.
FIRST WARD–A. N. SPRATT. FOURTH WARD-WILLIAM WIXON.
SECOND WARD–GEO. D. BRADFORD. FIFTH WARD–M. N. BED FORD.
THIRD WARD – M. J. O'BRIEN. SIXTH WARD–JOHN MUELLERWEISS.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
MICHAEL O’BRIEN, (MAYOR), PRESIDENT EX-OFFICIO.
WM. A. MCDONALD, (RECORDER), SECRETARY EX-OFFICIO.
M. N. BED FORD, TREASURER.
L. S. NORTON, SUPERINTENDENT .
GEO. D. BRADFORD, PURCHASING AGENT .
©
STANDING COMMITTEES.
fºxecutive—Muellerweiss, Bračforè apó Spratt.
finance –Spratt, Beöforè a 73 O'Brie).
£xamination—Bečforé, Bračforè anè the Superintejêent.
Schools —Bračforè, O'3rieſ, apë Yixon.
1sibrarv-Yixo'), Muellerweiss a 73 Spratt.
REGULAR MEETINGS OF THE BOARD.
August 12th, 1891. December 9th, 1891,
September 9th, f f January 13th ſ392
October 14th, I ſ February 10th, i i
{ {
Tloveryber ſ ſth, f : March 9th,
DIRECTORY.
| OFFICE of THE BoARD–Meetings of the Board of Educa-
tion are held in the Recorder’s Office on Chisholm Street,
near Second. -
SECRETARY's OFFICE—In same building. -
PRESIDENT'S OFFICE–Business place, Comstock block;
residence 507 Fifth street. *
TREASURER's OFFICE—Business place, foot of Fletcher street;
residence, 131 Fletcher street. -
SUPERINTENDENT's OFFICE—Central School; office hours 4 to
5 P.M.; residence, 227 Lockwood street.
A. N. Spratt, residence, 242 South Second street.
George D. Bradford, business place Culligan block; residence
601 Third street. -
M. J. O’Brien, residence, 207 South Fifth Street.
Wm. Wixon, residence 816 West Chisholm street.
John Muellerweiss, business place, Comstock block, residence
901 Dock street.
LIBRARY-Central School, first floor. Open from 8 A. M.
to 12 M., and from 1:30 P. M. to 5 P. M. On Tuesdays,
Thursdays and Saturdays open also from 7 P.M. to 9 P. M.
Special arrangements for July and August.
SCHOOL CALENDAR FOR 1891-92.
Annual meeting of Teachers September 5, 1891.
The first term begins September 7, 1891 and closes December
24, 1891. The second term begins January 4, 1892, and closes
April 8, 1892. The third term begins April 18, 1892 and closes
June 24, 1892. -
Commencement exercises June 23, 1892.
*,
#
LOCATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS, 3 g
*
@ AND BOUNDARIES OF SCHOOL DISTRICTs.
CENTRAL SCHOOL.
Location—Second street between White and Dunbar.
Bound ARIES-Entire city limits for all grades above the
sixth and the first four wards for fifth and sixth grades.
BALDWIN.
LOCATION.—Baldwin, corner of Clinton.
BOUNDARIES-The Baldwin District shall consist of all the
territory lying south and west of a line drawn from the Bay
north-west on the center of Lewis street to the center of First,
thence south-west on the center of First to the center of
Lincoln, thence north-west on the center of Lincoln to the
center of Third, thence south-west on the center of Third to the
city limits.
LOCKWOOD.
LoCATION.—Corner of Fourth and Lewis.
Boun DARIEs—The Lockwood District small consist of all
the territory lying south and east of a line drawn from the
River south-west on the center of Third street to the center of
Washington avenue, thence west on the center of the avenue
to the city limits, and not included in the Baldwin district.
FRANKLIN.
LOCATION.—Lockwood street between Ninth and Tenth.
Boun DARIES —The Franklin District shall consist of all
the territory lying north and west of a line drawn from the
River south-west on the center of Seventh street to the center
of Tuttle street, thence north-west on the center of Tuttle to the
center of Eighth, thence south-west on the center of Eighth to
the center of Washington avenue, thence west on the center
of the avenue to the city limits. *
- CASS.
LOCATION.—Sable street between Fifth and Sixth.
BoundARIES-All the territory in the Second and Third
wards not included in the Lockwood and Franklin districts.
. GARFIELD.
LocATION.—Washington avenue near the railroad cross-
ing. - -
Bound ARIEs—First and Second grade pupils living in the
Lockwood District and west of a line drawn on the center of
Fifth street and those living in the Cass and Franklin Districts,
and west of a line drawn on the center of Farmer street, shall
attend the Garfield school.
OBED SMITH.
LOCATION.—Dock street, corner of Beebe. ..
Bound ARIEs—The Obed Smith district shall consist of all
the territory lying north and east of a line drawn from the
Bay north-west on the center of Miller street to the center of
Commercial, thence north-east on the center of Commercial to
the center of Dawson, thence north to the city limits.
* JEFFERSON.
LoCATION.—Oldfield street corner of Pine.
BoundARIES-All the territory lying in the Fifth and Sixth
wards not included in the Obed Smith district.
Schools.
CORPS OF TEACHERS FOR 1891-92.
NO. Years
CENTRAL . . . . . . ....
Teachers. Residence. Where Educated. ** *
- Experience
|
L. S. Norton, sº a Lockwood street... University of Michigan............ I
. S. Dep’t. Geo A. Hunt......... 312 South First street University of Michigan............
H. S. I.).cp’t. Millicent Hunt........ |182 State street........... University of Michigan.............
H. S. Dep't...; Nellie M. Johnson...i.153 State street.......... : University of Michigan.............
H. S. Dep't. F. M. Root............... 603 Washington Ave. Normal, Ypsilanti, Mich............
G ram. Dep’t.
$ $
Ungraded........
Lockwood........
* $
* *
§
Baldwin...........
Cass.................
* &
Franklin ..........
$
Jefferson.........
$ $
Obed Smith.....
$ tº § {
jennie C. Dixon. ...
May V. Collins ..... .
|Margaret Rayburn. 417 Second street........
| Edith Montague...... West (Shisholm Street * { $ $ * {
| Mary E. McLean...... 520 Third Street, ......... § { & 4 § {
Rebecca Myers........ 1210 State street........... * * 4 * * {
Hºriº A. Cole.….}} State Street........... Olivet College, Michigan. ..... .....
| Lillie Bayburn ........ 41. Second street........ Alpena High School...............
Zoe Collins............... 621 Second street........ & & $ $ . § {
|Ella Hilliard............ #$ºtº. * { { { tº $
|Anna Thompson...... (208 Minor Street......... St. Bernard's School Alpena. ....
Maggie McTavish... 119 E. Fletcher street; Alpena Public School................
Abbie Berryhill... ...|608 Chisholm street..... Alpena High School........ ......
Anna Monaghan...... 256 State Street........... * * § { § {
H. Cora Small........ 312 First Street... ....... § 6. • 4 tº #
Mae L. Cole.............. 216 State street........... {{ • { { {
Agnes Dixon ............. 522 Chisholm street... * * { { { {
Eva Beekman....... 126 L) unbar street...... * { 4 & e is
Lillie M. Qliver........ #161 State street........... $ tº $ $ { %
Emily S. Hilliard..... à24 State street........... # * 4 $ $ &
Susie A. Montague West Chisholm Street { % $ $ § {
Nora McArthur ...... 334 Oldfield street...... * * { % º
Ida. J. Smith....... ..... [455 Ctate Street........... $ $ $ 4 s &
Minnie C. Dixon...... 522 Chisholm Street,..... $ $ 4 & § {
Francis M. Garvey...[110 Chisholm street...|St. Mary's Academy, Monroe.....
Carrie F. Williams 415 State Street,........... Alpena High School..................
522 Chisholm street. Alpena High School..................
§yº J. Smith… ... 153 State street,........ East Saginaw High School.........
} |621 Second street........ Alpena High School. ............
I
1
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.
To the Board of Education of the City of Alpena,
Michigan. .
GENTLEMEN–When I entered upon the duties of Presi-
dent of this Board one year ago, a survey of the public
schools convinced me of the pressing need of a new Central
School building. I accordingly recommended that an ap-
propriation be made for that purpose. The favor with which
the recommendation was received and the alacrity with which
the Board entered upon the work was an earnest of the
success which ultimately attended their efforts. The retiring
Board had left a balance in the treasury of about $7,000 and
it was thought that with an appropriation of $10,000, in
addition to the sum required to meet the current expenses of
the schools, a very good beginning, at least, could be made
upon a new building. The result, however, exceeded the
most sanguine expectations of the Board. So economically
were the affairs of the schools administered, that up to the
close of the fiscal year, there had been paid all the estimates
of labor, and material in the construction of the new building,
amounting in all to about $26,000.
I cannot speak in too high terms of the unflagging labors
of the Board in this part of their work. There seemed to be
from the very outset a settled determination to discharge a
public trust in a manner that would preclude the thought of
jobbery; a determination to erect a model building at as low
a figure as free and fair competition would secure. The
result has demonstrated that the Board made no mistake.
The building is pleasing in architectural design, and will,
when completed, be one of the most convenient school build-
ings in the state. It is certainly a great credit to our city and
a monument to the wisdom and liberality of the Board over
whom it was my privilege to preside during the past year.
In the erection of this building, moreover, all doubt as to
the ability of our local builders to cope with such an under-
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 9
taking has been remoyed. It must be said to the credit of
the contractor, that the building thus far has been carried
forward in exact accordance with the plans and specifications.
Not one cent of extra expense has been incurred, and it is
hoped that the same can be said on the completion of the
building.
It is unnecessary to add, gentlemen, that I have the
utmost confidence that this Board will carry forward to its
completion the work so well begun. In making your esti-
mates for the ensuing year it will be necessary, in addition to
the contract price of the building, to provide for the filling in
of the ground, and the proper furnishing of the building. I
would recommend that the Board advertise for sealed propos-
als for the purchase of the old buildings, with the view of
having them removed from the ground as soon as possible
after the close of the school term. They increase our insurance
and their presence is a constant menace to the new building.
The desire to pay for the new building as fast as the
work progressed led, during the past year, to the most rigid
economy in all other directions. No repairs whatever were
made upon ward buildings. A slight expenditure in this
direction during the coming year will be unavoidable. The
heating apparatus in the Franklin school is unsafe and in-
adequate. As mild as the past winter has been two of the
rooms have been closed on several occasions on account of
this defect. The building is not worth an expensive heating
apparatus but it should be made comfortable and safe. The
roof leaks badly and in consequence the plaster is much im-
paired. Most of the other buildings are in fairly good repair,
and the expense of putting them in good condition for another
year will be slight.
10 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
... Our Schools have now reached a point, as it seems to me,
that renders an annual report from the Board and Superin-
tendent setting forth the condition and needs of the schools a
thing to be desired. Such a report would serve as a proper
medium of communication between the Board and our citizens.
Frequently our Superintendent receives the reports, of other
schools with a request to return the compliment, and the fact
that he is unable to do so does not speak well of our progress-
iveness. I would recommend therefore that the Superintend-
ent and officers of the Board be instructed to prepare such
report. . . . . . * -
... I have reason to believe our schools were never in a more
Prosperous. Condition than at present. I am convinced more-
'over, that this fact is fully appreciated by our citizens. No
burden is more cheerfully borne than the expense of our
schools, for it is felt that in no other way can public money be
more wisely expended. No public office is fraught with greater
responsibility than that which involves the guardianshi p of
the schools, and I trust and believe that you will zealously
guard their interests. . . . . . . . .
* . . . Very, respectfully,
MICHAEL O’BRIEN,
President.
： ~~~~：：~~~~：：~~
'TOO HOS NOS?{{-{-{{T
}|
TI

ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 11
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
To The Honorable Board of Education of the City of
Alpena, . . .
GENTLEMEN:—I herewith submit my fifth annual report
of the condition of the public schools of this city.
- This being the first report published in pamphlet form,
it has been deemed advisable not to confine it to the past
year but to include such items of interest in the history of
the schools since they came under my supervision as may be
of interést to the public. . * * , . . .
Seven years ago the Alpena High School graduated its
first class. Within the memory of students still in the school,
the old Central and the old Jefferson were the only school
buildings in the city. At the present time there are eight
buildings with a teaching force of thirty-two teachers. A
knowledge of these facts is necessary to a full appreciation of
the schools as they are found at the present time.
In towns of rapid growth like Alpena the growth in
school sentiment is usually slower than the growth in popu-
lation and material resources. It is but a few years since the
attitude toward all high school studies was anything but
friendly; and, although the sciences were taught to some ex-
tent in the early history of the school, they afterward fell
into such disfavor that as late as the fall of 1886, the schools
could not boast of a single piece of physical or chemical ap-
paratus, nor was there to be found in any of the schools a
single supplementary reader. : -
In no other branch has such rapid progress been made
as in reading. With a class of pupils who are not well sup-
plied with books at home, and who have but the one well-
12 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
thummed reader in School, good reading is almost out of the
question. Recognizing this fact, the Board of Education
in the fall of 1886, provided two hundred volumes of supple-
mentary readers. These books, from three different publish-
ers, and the freshest and most attractive that could then be
procured, came to the child, tired of his well-worn reader,
like rain to the famished traveler in the desert. From
that day reading has steadily improved, until, in some of
the lower primaries, it now bears the stamp of downright
excellence. Our methods in reading are similar to those now
generally employed. The design is to have each pupil read
his own and all the Supplementary readers that belong to his
grade. He thus reads four books instead of one. The supple-
mentary readers are placed in the hands of the class after they
are called upon the floor, and the only preparation required
is the silent reading of the paragraph immediately before its
oral rendering. This imparts a degree of interest to class
work that could be secured in no other way, and leaves to
other studies the time usually devoted to preparation for
reading. The supplementary readers supplied by the Board
were mainly for the primary grades, and it is in this depart-
ment that we find the most marked progress; and, as we
might expect, this progress has not been confined to the
reading. Good reading has led to good work in other studies.
This fact alone, however, is not sufficient to explain the mark-
ed in provement that has been made in the work of this
department during the past three years. It is not easy to ac-
count for the skill acquired by some of our primary teachers,
aided as they are mainly by their observation of work in this
city, by their reading, and by their own native ability. There
are a few facts, however, that seem to point to a solution of
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 13
the problem. In the first place if successful, their salaries
are made equal to the average of salaries paid in the gram-
mar department. They are also eligible to the principalships
of the ward buildings. There are at the present time three
first primary teachers and one second grade teacher in charge
of ward schools who receive the largest salaries paid in their
buildings. When a young woman sees that she is not a
member of a caste, but that good work means good pay and
preferment, if she has the elements of success in her nature,
that fact will soon appear. To encourage good work the Board
of Education have occasionally departed from the scale of
salaries. This may be a dangerous expedient, but as long as
the Board have the courage to do it, they can rest assured
that at least a portion of the corps of teachers will have their
names upon the roll of honor. I do not mean to say that the
securing of a high salary merely for the sake of the salary is
a leading motive among good teachers; but a teacher knows
that an advance in her salary means more than an increased
command over the comforts of life. It means that her labors
are appreciated.
The Training School, although a new department, must
be credited with some of the improvements in methods, in the
primary grades. The Board of Education established this
school in September, 1888, and placed it in charge of Miss
Mary E. Monaghan, formerly a teacher in the Detroit Schools.
The Lockwood, a four room building, was selected for the
purpose, and a training pupil, chosen from the graduates of
the High School, was placed in each room at a salary of $200.
These training pupils teach all day instead of one-half the
time as in other training schools, and each teaches in the
room to which she is first assigned during the entire year.
14 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
This plan is the result of an effort to adapt the school to our
necessities. If the number of training pupils was doubled,
the salary would, of necessity, be cut down one-half. But
for the present the services of the graduates are in too good
demand to be secured for such compensation. Even at the
salary paid, which is much more than training pupils receive
in other cities, the difference between the aggregate amount
paid the four training pupils and that paid four regular teach-
ers receiving average Salaries, is sufficient to pay the salary of
the training teacher. The training school, therefore, is con-
ducted without extra expense to the city, and the results are
immeasurably better than under the old plan. The training
pupils, if successful, receive a certificate, which, like all other
certificates, remains in force while the holder continues to
teach in the city schools. The committee on teachers, how-
ever, may require the entire corps to make thorough prepara-
tion in from one to three studies each year, and pass an ex-
amination in the same, or do the work under an instructor,
which has been the practice thus far. Experience has already
shown that as a means for cultivating the studious habit
among teachers this plan is much superior to that of stated
examinations. Many teachers who pass the annual examina-
tions are poorly prepared for their vocation, even from an
educational standpoint. They seem to have drifted almost
entirely out of the current of the world's progress. As for
current literature or any other literature, except that of
trashy fiction, they are in blissful ignorance of it all. They
know little and care less about what is going on in the world,
provided they can answer questions enough to obtain their
certificates and draw their salaries. Such perfunctory teach-
ing is but little better than none at all. In the work thus far
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 1 5
attempted under the above mentioned rule we haye proceed-
ed in the belief that teachers who have completed a high
school course, and who take sufficient pride in their work to
warrant their retention in the public schools, can, and will
prepare themselves from day to day on the work especially
required by the course of study; and that what they especially
need is the quickening influence of new work and a wide
range of reading.
The Ungraded School came into existence along with the
Training department. It had not been long in operation
when it was discovered that the law under which it was
established could not be enforced in all its provisions. Peo-
ple who were opposed to sending their children to the school
found some way of evading the law. Compulsory attendance
does not seem to harmonize with American ideas. There are,
however, not a few parents who would be glad to have their
children attend school, but who are unable to enforce their
commands. This, by the way, is decidedly American. A
majority of these parents, if skillfully approached, will wisely
accept the assistance of a truant officer. It is by thus secur-
ing the co-operation of parents rather than by opposing them
that the Ungraded School has found its mission in this city.
The school has at the present time about forty pupils in at-
tendance ranging from ten to twenty years of age, and is
doing a much needed work.
The work of the Grammar Department is good, and has
been good so long that this fact calls forth little comment.
An earnestness and steadiness of purpose characterize the
pupils in the upper grades that is rarely equaled. Those
who complete the course in this department have a fair
knowledge of the ordinary branches, and; are frequently suc-
16 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
cessful in passing the county examinations for third grade
certificate.
One branch of the work deserves special mention—not
so much for what it is as for what it promises to become. In
November, 1889, the Board of Education appropriated $75 for
the purchase of books of travel and compendiums with which
to supplement the work in geography. These, together with
all books in the library suited to the same purpose, amount-
ing to about $200 worth in all, were placed at the disposal
of the schools. An outline of topic was placed in the hands of
the class calculated to cover everything of interest connected
with the subject in hand. In seeking information on these
topics the pupil uses his text book more than any other book,
but not, as before, to the exclusion of all other books. The
amount of reading that a class will do, and the fund of infor-
mation that they will soon possess, would astonish a teacher
that has never tried this plan. It is found that pupils not
only learn more, but they learn all more thoroughly than
under the old plan. They soon master the outline, and as
they run it over in their minds, what information they possess
is easily recalled. They can answer questions, but are not
obliged to wait for questions before they can tell you what
they know. The habit induced by this work of arranging in
the mind in an orderly manner the knowledge acquired
of a subject must be of incalculable value to the pupil. It
leads, also, to much home reading, not only of the books used
in School, but of periodicals as well. Papers and magazines
are searched for articles bearing upon the lesson, and thus
are formed habits that will be of lasting benefit to the child.
No study receives more attention than arithmetic, and perhaps
in no other study is better instruction given. A most excel-
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 1 7
lent foundation is now being laid for this work in the primary
department. In the lower grades we endeavor to teach not
figures simply, or mainly, but numbers, Not only are all
processes illustrated with objects, but pupils are taught to use
objects to aid in the thought processes. It is impossible to
appreciate the value of this work until one has seen it done
in the right spirit. It cannot fail, in a majority of cases, to
lead to clear thinking. Moreover, the habit once formed of
looking beyond the words to the things which they signify,
will be exceedingly helpful to the pupil in all of his work.
The need of a suitable text-book in arithmetic for the lower
grades is keenly felt. At present the work is all placed upon
the board by the teacher. This not only necessitates much
labor on the part of the teachers, but it leads to many cases
of defective eyesight armong the pupils, who are obliged to
read the work at too great a distance, or from unfavorable
positions. This is now the practice of many schools, and is
chargeable to the fact that no book has yet been published
that meets the requirements of the primary department.
The work in English grammar is the least satisfactory of
all the work in the public schools. This comes from intro-
ducing technical grammar at too early an age, and discon-
tinuing the study before pupils are sufficiently mature to
master its difficulties. With language properly taught in the
lower grades, and technical grammar carried forward at least
one year into the High School, we would undoubtedly secure
better results. Up to this time, howeyer, we have neither the
preparation for the first part of this work nor the time for the
second. We have been suffering, moreover, from a lack of
uniformity in text-books. Steps have been taken, however,
to cure this evil, and it is to be hoped that we may soon see
18 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
our way to such other changes as the necessities of the case
may demand.
The High School is the just pride of its patrons. If our
schools are to be judged by the finished product, the verdict
must certainly be a favorable one. With rare exceptions our
graduates are either carrying forward their studies in higher
institutions or pursuing some useful and honorable vocation.
Of the twenty-seven grammar and primary teachers, nineteen
are graduates of the High School and four of the remaining
eight have pursued studies in that department. Our Grad-
uates are so noticeably useful in the community that they
afford a complete refutation of the charge that our high
schools are turning out young people who have been taught to
despise manual labor, but who have not been sufficiently well
educated to earn a livelihood without it.
In many high schools there is such a marked falling off in
attendance during the spring term that a teaching force
adequate to the demands of the first two terms of the year is
out of "all proportion to the demands of the third term. In
the Alpena High School the number belonging is about the
same throughout the year, and never falls much below the
number enrolled. This means, of course, that a majority of
those who enter the High School remain until they have
completed one of the courses of study. At the present time,
outside of the commercial course, there is very little irregu-
larity in high school work. This tends to make the work
exceedingly pleasant, and imparts to it an excellence not to
be found in schools where the attendance is irregular.
The policy of the Board of Education has been to hold out
inducements to successful teachers to remain in the schools.
This, of course, has worked to the advantage of all the schools,
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. | 9
and especially of the High School, where there has been but
one change of principals in the past ten years.
The employment of a special teacher in the sciences three
years ago opened the way for the introduction of rhetorical
work and the reading of English classics. Including the
work of the seventh and eighth grades, the following classics
are now regularly read by students in all courses except the
commercial: Kingsley's Water Babies, Martineau's Peasant
and Prince, Six Selections from the Sketch Book, Evangeline,
Whittier's Poems, Longfellow's Poems, Warner's A Hunting
of the Deer, Burrough's Birds and Bees, Tom Brown, Lady of
the Lake, Holmes' Poems, Deserted Village, Motleys' Peter
the Great, Merchant of Venice, Macaulay's Fredrick the Great,
Julius Caesar, Sir Launfaul, Selections from Ruskin, Hamlet,
Wordsworth's Poems, King Lear, Colridge and Burns, and
Webster's Reply to Hayne. No other work in the High School
is productive of better results than the reading of English
classics. It engenders the reading habit, cultivates a taste
for that which is purest and best in literature, and thus forti-
fies our young people against the seductive influences of in-
ane and vicious reading. Its broadening and Salutary in-
fluence is felt in all the work of the High School, but more
especially in the rhetorical work. Patrons and others who
have listened to the rhetorical exercises during the past year
have not failed to notice their superior quality, which is largely
due to the influence of the English classics.
For a more detailed account of the work in the High School
the reader is referred to the interesting report of Principal
Hunt hereto subjöined.
Of the various buildings, the Central, the Jefferson,
the Obed Smith, the Baldwin, and the Cass, present a neat
20 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
appearance, and are well lighted, warmed and ventilated.
The Jefferson, which was erected in 1888, is, all things
considered, the best ward building in the city. The rooms
are large and well lighted from the left and rear. The steps
leading up to the first floor are within the building, and, con-
sequently, always free from ice and snow. It is heated and
ventilated by the Smead furnaces, and has the dry closet
system in the basement. The ventilation of this building
deserves special mention. It is claimed by the manufacturers
that the entire volume of air in the rooms is changed every
fifteen minutes, and the capacity of the apparatus would seem
to justify the claim. It is certain that a strong current of air
is continuously passing through the rooms, thus rendering
the atmosphere at any moment as pure as the source from
whence it comes. In buildings heated by the ordinary fur-
naces, when the temperature rises too high, the teacher closes
her register and thus shuts off the supply of air for her room.
With the Smead system this can not be done; for, although
she may turn off the warm air, she, at the same instant,
admits an equal volume of cool air. That is to say, the vol-
ume of air entering the room is nearly constant, but varies
from all warm to all cold at the will of the teacher.
If no obječtions can be raised to the dry closet system on
sanitary grounds,-and thus far we have nome to offer, it is
a great improvement over the vaults which it displaced.
From a moral standpoint there is no comparison. The dry
closets are more directly under the eye of the principal and
assistants. Although the Jefferson has now been in use over
three years, the first mark with knife or pencil is yet to be
made in the basement. -
The new Central is regarded as one of the finest school build-
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 21
ings in the state. Its substantial appearance, its fine propor-
tions, and its beautiful hard wood finish excite the admiration
of all who see it. All that has been said concerning the ventila-
tion of the Jefferson is applicable to the Central. We have,
in fact, always found the air currents stronger in the latter.
The building contains eight grammar rooms, a high school
room, two laboratories, a commercial room, a recitation room,
an office, and a library.
The commercial room, in addition to other furniture, con-
tains 20 feet of bank counter in polished oak, divided into
four offices, which are fully equipped for actual business.
The two laboratories form the most noticable feature of the
building. Both are well supplied with water and gas. In
both moderate provision has been made for individual
work. The chemical laboratory contains work tables of
unique construction. Each table is provided with a ventilat-
ing hood, pneumatic trough, Bunsen burner, case for chemi-
cals, cupboards and drawers for retort stands, gas jars, flasks,
glass tubing, files, pliers, wire-cutters, and all the working
tools and apparatus required for the performance of all
ordinary experiments. This room is seated with twenty-five
individual desks and will ordinarily be used by classes in
botany, zoology, and geology, as well as by classes in chemistry.
The physical laboratory is supplied with one piece of appara-
tus not ordinarily found in a public school. With the view
of imparting interest to the work in geography, the grammar
department, during the past year, gave a series of entertain-
ments, and with the proceeds purchased an excellent solar
camera with microscope attachment. The physical labora-
tory, which has a seating capacity equal to the largest gram-
mar class in the building, can be quickly darkened, and by
22 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
«»
the aid of the camera views twelve feet in diameter can be
thrown upon the screen with a clearness not to be excelled
by the best stereopticon with oxy-hydrogen light. The
school is already in possession of over one hundred views,
mainly for the illustration of geography and history. The
design is, however, to utilize this efficient aid in almost every
line of high school work. - *
The effect of the new building, especially upon the High
School, is very marked. Judging from present appearances,
the enrollment in this department will be nearly doubled dur-
ing the first year in its new quarters.
The growth in numbers in all departments during the past
five years is shown by the following table:
DEPARTMENTS. 1886–7 | 1887–8 1888–9 | 1889–90 | 1890–91
High School............ ~ 73 72 89 83 93
Grammar Department....................... 288 393 436 383 415
Primary Department............... ......... 1049 1024 1169 1083 1103
Totals ......... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1410 1489 1694 1549 1611
The falling off in 1889-90 was due to the opening of the
new Polish school during the preceding year.
The following data taken from the report of the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction for 1890, will be of interest:
Cost of education per capita for instruction.
Ralamazoo ...............................................................-------------------------------------. $1.1 39
int.......…...…...…............ … … 11 75
Alpena … … 12 14
Lansing … … … … 12 57
Bay City.........…..................... ... ..............…... …” 12 86
Muskegon...................................... .................... … …--------- 13 75
Saginaw, West Side.................................................. ...................................... 14 10
Saginaw, East Side..................................................................... .................. 15 08
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 23
If we include the cost per capita for incidentals, the
showing is not so favorable for our city.
Total cost per capita:
Kalamazoo.................................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * $14 55
Bay City........................................................ ….......... sº e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T'ſ 41
Muskegon.…...…. … … … 18 52
Jackson............…...….….-------------------------------------------------------- 20 10
Sagina W, East Side.......................................... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20 42
Alpena........................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21 27
Adrian.….….........…........ … …..........… 21 62
Saginaw, West Side......................................................................................... 21 79
Lansing....................................…..….------------------------------.................. 21 85
Detroit......…..…..…..…. 21 92
Flint... … … … … 23 04
In placing the Library in the Central School, the Board of
Education did a most wise thing. It is already proving to
be a great aid in the work of the High School and Grammar
Department. The Librarian, who was formerly a teacher in
the public schools, works in harmony with the teachers of
the building to this end.
By actual count the Library contains 1855 volumes.
Among this number are 312 volumes of history, 210 of Gen-
eral Literature and Criticism, 202 of Biography, 143 of Travel,
101 of Science, and 34 yolumes on the Useful and Fine Arts.
Many of these have been selected with special reference to
the needs of students, and are from writers of recognized
authority upon the subjects of which they treat.
Upon the reading tables are to be found “The Forum,”
“The Century,” “Review of Reviews,” “Harpers' Weekly,”
“The Graphic,” “Wide Awake,” and other periodicals. An
increasing number of teachers and pupils are availing them-
selves of these exceptional advantages, and not unfrequently the
room is crowded beyond its capacity. The design is to arrange
a course of reading for the High School and the higher gram-
mar grades, and not only encourage pupils to enter upon the
course but assist them in its intelligent perusal.
24 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The subject of free text books is receiving considerable at-
tention in divers quarters. Several Michigan cities have
lately adopted the plan, and in one, at least, it has passed be-
yond the experimental stage. The public schools of East
Sagimaw have provided free text books for the past six years.
During the first four years the cost per capita was $2.46, or
$0.62% per annum. As many of the books were in good con-
dition at the close of this period, the average cost per annum
for each pupil enrolled in the schools would, in the long run,
fall somewhat below this astonishingly low figure. This
means a saving of about one half in this item of expense. The
plan is giving excellent satisfaction wherever it is put into
practice. It would cost our city about $2,000 to inaugurate
the system, and after that from $800 to $1,000 per annum
with the present population.
Our schools are not attempting the variety of work that is
being done in many of the city Schools throughout the state,
which I regard as a fortunate circumstance. We might, how-
ever, with profit, add music, or drawing, or both, to the cur-
riculum. Drawing is as practical as any study pursued in
the public schools, and the educating and refining influence
of music is unquestioned. Both are wholly within the domain
of public school work, and steps should be taken looking to-
ward their early introduction. -
For the measure of success that has attended my efforts
thus far in this city, I am deeply indebted to the Board of
Education. The unswerving support of your Honorable body
and that of your predecessors under the most trying circum-
stances is, ſ believe, without parallel in the public School
history of this state. Not to make public acknowledgment of
this fact would be an act of ingratitude of which I trust I
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. - 25
shall never be guilty. Next to the Board of Education I am
indebted to an efficient and loyal corps of teachers. The
fact that a prophet is without honor in his own country may
account for the partial lack of appreciation of one of the most
emergetic and industrious corps of teachers that it has ever
been my good fortune to labor with. People fail to see supe-
rior characteristics in those with whom they have been
acquainted from childhood. There is no reason, however, why
the young ladies who are born and educated in our own city
may not become as efficient teachers as any in the state.
Regardless of the support of the Board of Education and the
teachers, success would still have been impossible without
the friendly attitude of an appreciative public. The healthy
public sentiment of the city with regard to the schools has
been a potent factor in making them what they are.
Respectfully submitted,
L. S. NoFTON,
Supt. of Schools.
26 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL OF THE
HIGH SCHOOL.
To L. S. Worton, Superintendent of Schools:
I have the pleasure of submitting the following report of
the Alpena High School for a period of six years, from 1885
to 1891 inclusive.
First to take a hasty glance over the work of our predeces-
sors. The first class was graduated from the Alpena High
School in 1883. Previous to that time High School studies
had been pursued by the pupils in attendance, but under no
organized plan or schedule of studies leading up to graduation.
When Superintendent Smith took charge of the Alpena
public schools in 1881, and organized the High School on its
present basis, he found no pupils sufficiently advanced to
complete in one year any one of the courses he had arranged.
But at the expiration of two years four persons had completed
a prescribed course of study and had the honor of being the
first class to graduate. Since that time there has been a class
each year, small at first but gradually increasing in numbers.
The period has been one of great material and, we trust,
intellectual prosperity. Our material advancement can be
estimated only by one who understands the condition of the
school in its past and present form. During the school year
1885 and 1886 the High School consisted of about 50 pupils,
who were instructed by the Principal and one assistant with
the aid of the Superintendent in two recitations.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 27
During this year the recitation rooms were practically des-
titute of apparatus to aid in the investigation and demonstra-
tion of the principles of science. The scientific experiments
were talked of and described rather than performed, with the
obvious difference in the degree of comprehension on the part
of the pupil.
In the fall of 1886 the Board of Education appropriated
$100 for apparatus. Since that time the annual appropriation
for this purpose has been $150. About $100 per annum has
been expended for physical and chemical apparatus. The
laboratories are now fairly well equipped with all the ordinary
pieces of apparatus for class work and to some extent for
individual work. Among these may be mentioned scales,
micrometer, calipers, a Jolly balance for specific gravity pur-
poses, an excellent analytical balance with metric weights,
and other pieces for studying the properties of matter; ap-
paratus for illustrating the laws of falling bodies, of the pen-
dulum, and of simple machines; Mariottes' tube, air, force,
and lifting pumps, for the study of pneumatics; an electrical
machine, batteries, coils, magnets, telegraph instruments, and
a very fair out-fit for electrical measurements; apparatus
for the study of heat and light, including thermometers, ex-
pansion apparatus, porte-lumiere, and a solar camera with
microscope attachment.
At the present time the High School is instructed by the
Principal and three assistants and is organized in four courses:
The Latin, Scientific, English and Commercial, each of four
years except the ommercial of two years. Each of these
courses, except the commercial leads to a corresponding
course in the University of Michigan to which the graduates
are admitted without examination.
28 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
THE STUDIES.
MATH EMATICS.
The study of mathematics is giyen especial attention both
as a means of mental discipline and preparatory to higher
studies. Our aim has been to so conduct the work in this
branch as to develope habits of independent thinking, impart
the ability to grasp relations and apply principles to new and
varied conditions. The method of teaching by object lessons
has been fully tested in the work in mathematics and found
decidedly satisfactory both to the instructor and the pupils.
SCIENCES. s
At the commencement of the year 1888 this course of studies
was arranged and introduced in its present form, and a
specialist placed in charge of the work. Previous to this time
no instruction had been given in Chemistry, Zoology and
Geology. The prime object in this branch of the work is to
cultivate the scientific habit, the habit of close inspection of
facts and phenomena for the sake of the principles and lessons
they yield. In the Natural Sciences our aim is to study
by direct observation as far as possible of the natural
objects. For our work in the Physical sciences we have
in the new Central school building commodious and well
equipped laboratories.
ſº HISTORY.
Our course of study in History embraces: The General
History of the World, The History of England, Roman His-
tory, and the History of the United States. A liberal portion
of our time has been devoted to this study, and we aim
not to have committed to memory pages of narrative for ver-
batim recitation in the class-room, but, adopting the method
of making facts speak for themselves, we have endeavored to
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 29
lead the pupils to investigate the events of history for them-
selves from an ethical and philosophical standpoint, and
make the recitation a statement in their own language of the
results obtained.
LANGUAGE.
The Latin Language is taught both because of its being the
language of one of the greatest empires of the world and one
of the richest literatures and the mother of the Romanic
languages, and because of our confident belief in its efficacy
to produce a readiness of apprehension, strength of reasoning,
trustworthyness of memory and discriminating judgment.
The best and most approved methods have been sought in the
endeavor to furnish all the facilities that make the work of
the highest order. And very flattering results have been at-
tained by our pupils in this department as is shown by com-
parison with others whom they meet in the class-room when
pursuing their collegiate course. The same is essentially
true of the methods and thoroughness in teaching the Ger-
man language.
FNGLISH CLASSICS AND RFIETORICALS.
One of the most important missions of the public schools
is to cultivate in the pupil a taste for good reading. The
most susceptible period of life, the period when habits for
the future are formed, is spent in the school-room. The pupil
who leaves school without having formed a taste for and the
habit of reading good books has practically completed his
intellectual culture at the very immature age of eighteen, the
very time when it should have thoroughly begun. We do
not expect pupils to make a further study of their school
books after graduation day, and if they have not yet acquired
a knowledge of and taste for the works of our best authors,
30 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
we leave them at a point from which we have no right to ex-
pect to see them advance. For not one out of ten, when in
the midst of the engaging pursuits of life, can find time or
have the inclination to cultivate literary tastes.
In view of these facts we have placed the reading of the
English Classics on an equal footing with the other studies in
the High School curriculum. During the year just completed
each pupil has spent on an average three hours each week in
the class-room on this branch of the work, and the results
have been such as to highly justify the undertaking.
Moreover full and extensive reading must precede readiness
and ease in writing. We must read and converse first; but
should not neglect to write afterwards to acquire exactness of
thought and expression. Hence we have combined the two
branches of work. Each pupil has spent a part of the time
during the year on rhetorical work as supplementary to the
work in English Classics. And the best productions have
been read before the school on Friday afternoons at stated
intervals.
THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT.
This department of our High School was introduced at
the beginning of the year 1886, to meet the wants of those
boys and girls who could attend the High School but one or
two years. The instruction given in this department is of
the most practical nature, bringing the work of the class-room
as near as possible to the best business methods. Actual
business transactions are carried on in all the different forms.
Under Mr. Canfield's supervision for four years this depart-
ment, became thoroughly equipped and successful. The
course embraces the following studies: Commercial Arith-
metic, Composition, Civil Government, Philosophy, Physiol-
ogy, and Commercial Law, besides two years in Book-keeping
and one year in actual business transactions.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 31
The graduates from the Commercial department are as
follows: -
C, RA 1) U. A.T. E.S.
CLASS 1888. CLASS 1890.
Charles. A. Below. . Herbert Gordon.
David Holmes. Edward Oliver.
Herbert R. Kimball. Sarah M. Gallagher.
Fred Hyatt.
Carrie McRae.
William Mc Allister.
William A. L. McDonald.
Morris Myers.
CLASS 1889.
IFrod. N Buck.
Frank E. Creighton.
Geo. R. Nicholson. (YLASS 1891.
Richard H. Deadman .
Robert Lough.
Belle McNeill.
Jas. McKay.
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.
In order to better uphold the educational interests, establish
a public sentiment in favor of liberal education, and for
mutual improvement the graduates of the High School
organized an Alumni Association in 1888. The entire mem-
bership of the association is at present seventy-nine.
This spring, with the permission of the Board of Education,
the association resolved to make their first contribution to
the educational interest of the city by furnishing the library
room in the new Central School building. And a set of fur-
niture at a cost of $100.00 was purchased. This is the first
step in one of the lines of work in view, and we are confident
that as the membership increases this will become one of the
most useful and enjoyable Societies in the city.
32 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
In addition to the members of the Commercial course
already named, the membership is as follows:
CLASS 1883.
Annie Dafoe,
Margaret Rayburn.
Lillie Bayburn.
Harry Morse.
CLASS 1884.
Anna, Robinson.
Bessie Atkinson Turner.
CLASS 1885.
Abbie Berryhill.
Aggie Dixon.
Louise McDonald Comstock.
Rebecca Myers,
H. COra Small.
Anna Schweinfurth.
CLASS 1886.
Elmer G. Furbush.
Emily S. Hilliard.
lda J. Smith.
Ralph G. Smith.
Millicent, Hunt.
Rebecca, Maser.
Maggie Van Dusen.
Robert H. Rayburn,
CLASS 1887.
Agnes Beekman Rutherford.
Minnie C. Dixon.
May Williams.
Arthur POtter.
Mary E. McLean.
Eva Beekman.
Albert Tefft,
CLASS 1888.
May Carpenter.
Mae. L. Cole.
William R. Maiden.
Will G. COle.
Carrie E. Williams.
Isaac Myers.
Gertrude Barnes.
CLASS 1889. -
Isa McRae.
NOra McArthur.
Hattie S. White.
Frank Gilchrist.
Anna M. Lincoln.
Sarah E. Creighton.
S. Laville Prince.
L. W. Doane.
Edith E. Montague,
Maggie Spicer.
Wilbur B. CaSe.
Ella, R. Hilliard.
Ezilda M. Belleau.
CLASS 1890.
June Carpenter,
Alta S. Dewey.
Lillian M. Oliver.
Marion Robinson.
ZOe Collins,
Susie A. Montague.
Joanna E. Deadman.
Nellie White,
CLASS 1891.
Cora M. Foley.
Harry V. Knight,
Lillian Milno,
Roy D. Williams,
Ruth H. Avery.
Tilly C, Hoey.
Rose Myers.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 33
Out of this number thirty have received appointments as
teachers in the public schools. ..In 1883 only two of the
corps of teachers had received their education in the Alpena
public Schools. At the present time all except two are gradu-
ates of our own High School, a fact which proves one ad-
vantage of haying a prosperous and well organized high
school at home.
CONCLUSION.
During this period the High School has been twice inspect-
ed by the university committee and very favorably reported,
and we are now enjoying very encouraging relationship with
that institution. Five of our Alumni are at present in at-
tendance at the university at Ann Arbor and one has already
graduated. Two have graduated from other colleges. Our
enrollment this year was ninety and we expect it to reach one
hundred and twenty-five next year.
In conclusion I would say that the High School has never
been in a more promising and prosperous condition, and
express my appreciation of the direction and assistance
rendered by the Superintendent, the support of the Board of
Education, and the faithful services of all my assistants in
our mutual endeavor to make the work pre-eminently suc-
cessful.
- G. A. HUNT,
Principal.
34 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
To the Board of Education :
GENTLEMEN —The following is a statement of the receipts
and disbursements of the Union School District of Alpena
for the year ending March 1, 1891:
RECEIPTS.
Received from Ex-Treasurer Viall........ .........- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 7,042 77
Received from Library Fund........ ........................................................... 297 80
Received from Browning for rent Of Central School building............... 22 50
Received from Primary School money..................................................... 4,823 91
Received from City Treasurer........ :--------------------------------------------------------- 30,000 00
Amount due Treasurer........................................................ ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 181 35
- $42,368 33
Paid Teachers' Wages........ .........… …~~~~ $ 13,591 00
Paid Janitors........................... ................................................. • * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,555 00
Paid Incidental.......................................................................................... 2,567 07
Paid Library....................…....….. ............. ................................. 174 50
Paid F. A. Wilson......... - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ºn 3 & as a ºn a º - - 20,496 36
Paid Smead & Company....................... ................................................... 2,814 40
Paid F. W. Hollister............ .............- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------- 1,170 00
$42,368 33
Amount of School Tax Assessed........................................... • * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 36,000 00
Received from City Treasurer........................... ....................................... 30,000 00
$ 6,000 00
Due Treasurer..................................................................... ....... $ 181 35
Out-Standing Orders..... ................................ ........................ ..... 217 59 398 94
$ 5,601 06
Respectfully submitted,
M. N. BEDFORD,
Treasurer.
* ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 35
COURSE OF STUDY.
PRIMARY DEPARTMENT.--FIRST GRADE.
READING.
FIRST QUARTER.—During the quarter teach pupils to recog-
mize at sight about forty words selected mainly with refer-
ence to the first reader in use. For this purpose the black-
board and a collection of toys and other objects to represent
the object-words of the vocabulary will be indispensable.
Lead pupils to talk freely about the object representing the
first work to be taught. After eliciting a sentence of con-
venient form, place it upon the board in script, and call upon
the author of it to read it in the same natural tones in which
it was first given. Wever permit any other kind of tone in
the reading class. Then call upon other members of the
class to read the sentence. Finally point out the word to
be taught. Substitute other words in the vocabulary for
this one until ten or a dozen words can be recognized at sight.
Eventually teach all the words of the sentence individually.
A new sentence may then be taken and proceeded with in
like manner. w
When pupils have made sufficient advancement, write
upon the board a sentence requesting the performance of
some simple act. Call upon the class to read the sentence
silently, and permit some pupil, who signifies by raising his
hand, that he has read it, to perform the act and afterward to
36 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
give oral expression to the thought. This is one of the most
effective methods of securing good expressions, and should
be frequently employed. It cultivates in the pupil
the habit of grasping the thought in advance of its oral ex-
pression. The failure to do this is the cause of much of the
poor reading heard in the school room.
In teaching pupils to recognize words at sight, a most ex-
cellent practice is to erase word after word from the sentences
that have been used for the reading lesson, pausing long
enough after each for pupils to name the word erased. This
compels the class to recognize the word while the eraser is
moving toward it.
When a few words can be recognized at sight, the work of
analysis should begin and should be prosecuted so persistently
that the power to master new words may soon be imparted.
In this work Appleton's First Reader will be helpful. The
method of word-building as there explained is especially
recommended,
SECOND QUARTER.—First reader to page thirty-three.
Continue the blackboard work in connection with the
Reader. With some classes it may not be advisable to take
up the reader until the latter part of this quarter or the begin-
ning of the next. Teach the use of the diacritical marks as
they are introduced in the reader.
SECOND HALF.—First Reader completed.
The whole of any one of the supplementary readers will
probably not be read, but the easier portions of all may be.
The supplementary reading should always be easier than that
from the regular readers. Pupils should be taught the new
words from the board before the readers are placed in their
hands. Never permit pupils to give oral expression to a
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 37
sentence until it has been read silently. Require the silent
reading first even at the expense of long pauses between
sentences. This habit can easily be overcome, while the
habits induced by the other style of reading are overcome
with extreme difficulty. - - -
SPELLING.
Spelling by sound should precede spelling by letter, but the
latter may follow close upon the heels of the former. As in-
dicated under the preceding topic, spelling by Sound should
begin as soon as the child can recognize a few words at sight.
To develope right habits of study write a word upon the board
and after a moment erase and call upon the members of the
class individually to spell it by letter This should be a daily
practice. Before the close of the year pupils should be able
to see all the letters of a word at a glance. Do not require
pupils to write a lesson more than once, or possibly twice. The
instruction given by so many primary teachers to write the
lesson ten or fifteen times is of a piece with the Orders issued
to the hired man to bank the house and then take the bank-
ing away again, in order that he might be kept at work.
WRITING.
Give special attention to position and the manner of hold-
ing the pen. The pupil should sit erect with the right side
to the desk and the feet flat upon the floor. No matter how
much time is required to Secure correct position, it will pay
in the end. Do not require pupils to write while standing.
38 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
ARITHMETIC.
Combinations to 10. Roman notation to XXV. Writing
and analysis of numbers to 25. 2 pts. = 1 qt. 4 qts.= 1 gal.
3 ft. = 1 yd. 8 qts. = 1 plc. 4 pks. = 1 bu. 10c = 1 dime
The main object in teaching denominate numbers at this
point is to give a greater variety of work. Make use of them
in practical problems. Use the measures provided. During
the year make pupils familiar with the following fractions:
1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5. Confine this work to fractional parts of
numbers of objects. Do not make use of figures until the
second quarter. With some classes it will be advisable to
postpone this step to the third quarter. Let the work be of
such a nature that pupils may be made to feel their depend-
ence upon objects and picturing. It is not sufficient to illus-
trate the thought processes in problems that have already
been solved without the aid of objects. By the help of objects
and picturing problems, can easily be solved by this grade
that would otherwise be quite beyond their reach. .
In the writing and analysis of numbers use the term “ones”
instead of “units.” Illustrate “ones” by single sticks and tens
by bundles of ten sticks. Do this work so thoroughly that
the pupil will never regard the tens figure in the same light
that he does the units. For details see the manual.
LANGUAGE.
The most effective language work for this class consists in
memorizing from the Graded Selections. At least ten select-
ions should be memorized during the year. Some attention
must be given to punctuation and capitals. Persistent cor-
rection of the common errors of speech will accomplish much
in this grade.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 39
MISCELLANEOUS.
Singing and calisthenics should enliven the work of this
grade. Let all recitations be short and spirited. Provide a
great variety of busy work and let it all have some bearing
upon. School work.
SECOND GRADE.
READING.
See the subject of reading under the first grade. The
pupil’s power to pronounce new words should rapidly in-
crease. Do not pronounce words for him but assist him in
reaching the pronunciation through his knowledge of the
elementary sounds. Drawling must not be tolerated. If the
advice given under the preceding grade in regard to reading
in advance of the oral expression is followed, no difficulty
will be experienced from this source. On the subject of
emphasis and the proper grouping of words, Appleton's
Third Reader, although especially designed for the next grade,
will be helpful to the second grade teacher. Continue the
study of diacritical marks.
FIRST HALF.—Second Reader to page 66.
SECOND HALF.—Reader to page 141. -
During the first part of the year read the more difficult
selections from the supplementary first readers.
40 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SPELLING.
Spell by letter and by sound as in the preceding grade.
Teach pupils to prepare their lessons by carefully inspecting
each word and then, while the word is concealed, spell orally
and write once. Make a list of words from the work in oral
geography and preserye them in the blank book provided for
this purpose,
WRITING.
In addition to the slate work use ruled paper and pencil.
Give pupils individual attention, and guard against the
formation of wrong habits either in position or in beginning
at the wrong point to form letters. Neatness in slate work
will go far towards securing good writing.
ARITHMETIC.
FIRST. HALF.—Combinations to 15. Roman notation to
XXXV. Writing and analysis of numbers to 100.
12in=1 foot. Add numbers under 100. The sum of each
column must be less than ten. Add separate columns of
which the sum does not exceed 15. Find the difference be-
tween any two numbers that do not exceed 100 in which each
figure in the subtrahend is less than the corresponding figure
in the minuend. Multiply numbers less than 100 by any
number that will not give more than mine for any partial
product, nor more than 100 for the complete product. Illus-
trate the addition, Subtraction, and multiplication with sticks.
Persist in this work until pupils understand perfectly what
they are doing.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 41
SECOND HALF.—Combinations to 25. Roman notation to
J. Writing and analysis to 500. 16oz.–1 lb. During the
fourth quarter teach the process of “carrying” in addition and
illustrate fully with sticks. Continue the other work of the
preceding half. Where 15 is the limit there make 25 the
limit for this half, and where 100 is the limit there make 500
the limit here. During the year use the fractions 2-3, 2-4,
3-4, 2–5, 3–5, 4-5.
GEOGRAPHY.
Take to page 50 of the manual.
Teachers should prepare themselves thoroughly for this
work, and present the Subject in a manner that will arouse a
deep interest in the study. The placing of questions upon the
board which pupils are to answer in writing should form but
a small part of the work. This part of the work is intended
simply to fix in memory the points emphasized in the famil-
iar talks. Teachers should exert themselves to procure all
the objects and apparatus needed for this work.
LANGUAGE.
Memorize ten poems from graded selections. Make the
geography serve the purpose of language work. See instruct-
ions for the preceding grade.
THIRD GRADE.
READING.
The teacher will find no better guide for her work during
this year than Appleton's Third Reader. If the instructions
there found in regard to emphasis are faithfully carried out,
42 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
the results will be highly satisfactory. The work in element-
ary sounds and diacritical marks should prepare the way for
the use of the dictionary. During the first part of the year
read from the supplementary second readers. Give time for
the silent reading in advance of the oral expression. Prepare
for each lesson by a careful study of new words. Give special
attention to articulation, emphasis, and inflection.
FIRST QUARTER.—Second Reader completed.
SECOND QUARTER.—Third Reader to page 47.
SECOND HALF.—Third Reader to page 120.
SPELLING.
Spell from the Reader and all new words from the other
studies. Continue the spelling by Sound. Written spelling
should be frequently reviewed orally. Insist upon proper
methods of study. On this point see preceding grades.
WRITING.
Write upon ruled paper, and where it is possible, use ink.
Right side to the desk, feet flat upon the floor and forearm at
right angle to the ruling. Do not spend all the time in prac-
ticing upon separate letters. Let a part of the work consist in
writing from an easy copy on the board.
ARITHMETIC.
FIRST QUARTER.—Combinations to 36. Roman notation to
LX. Writing and analysis of numbers to 1000. “Carrying”
in multiplication, limiting the multiplier to one figure. Illus-
trate with objects.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 43
SECOND QUARTER.—Combinations to 48. Roman notation
to LXX. Writing and analysis to 5000. “Borrowing” in sub-
traction. Illustrate.
THIRD QUARTER.—Combinations to 63. Roman Notation to
LXXX. Writing and analysis to 10,000. Multiplication
with two or more figures. Multiply by the different orders
of the multiplier separately as well as in combination.
FourTH QUARTER.—Combinations to 75. Roman notation
to C. Writing and analysis to 100,000. Short division, the
divisor being exactly contained in each figure of the
dividend. Use small numbers at first and illustrate the
process with objects. Otherwise pupils can not understand
what they are doing. When taking up new work do not give
the time exclusively to it, but continue to practice upon what
precedes. Give plenty of work in addition during the year.
See that pupils are able to do rapidly all the work within the
grade. During the year use the fractions 1-6, 1-7, and 1-8.
GEOGRAPHY.
FIRST HALF-Manual to North America.
SECOND HALF.—Manual to the United States, page 94. See
instructions on this subject in the preceding grade.
LANGUAGE.
Reed's Introductory Language Work will be taken as a
guide. Supplement this work from other text books as direct-
ed.
FIRST HALF.—Reed's Introductory Language to lesson XXV.
SECOND HALF.—To lesson XLI. Commit to memory ten
graded selections.
44 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
FOURTH GRADE.
READING.
FIRST HALF.—Third Reader to page 190.
THIRD QUARTER.—Third Reader completed.
FourTH QUARTER.—Child's Book of Nature, Part I to page
67. Read from the supplementary Third Reader. Continue the
preparation for using the dictionary. Before the close of the
year pupils should be able to find words in the dictionary
and pronounce them correctly by the aid of the diacritical
marks. See instructions for preceding grades.
SPELLING.
Words from all studies to be written and spelled orally. In
oral spelling it is hoped that teachers will be fruitful in de-
vices that will arouse enthusiasm for the work. Have con-
tests at least once each week.
WRITING.
Write upon ruled paper as in the preceding grade. Give
some attention to the height and spacing of letters, and secure
as free a movement as possible. See instructions for preced-
ing grades.
ARITHMETIC.
During this year pupils should be made perfectly familiar
with the tables. -
FIRST QUARTER.—Multiplication and division through the
eights. Continue short division, the divisor not to be exactly
contained in each figure of the dividend. Illustrate this step
in problems in which the dividend contains but two figures.
During this year fractional parts of units may be taught by
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 45
the use of diagrams. Have pupils draw squares on their slates
about two inches on a side. In order to do this neatly the
slate frame should be laid off into inches, and these sub-
divided into quarters. Illustrate with these diagrams all the
fractions taught during preceding grades. In dividing the
figure into equal parts use as few lines as possible. For ex-
ample, instead of using three horizontal or three vertical lines
to divide the figure into four equal parts, use two lines
at right angles to each other. Divide into six equal parts by
using three lines.
REDUCTION.
From lower to higher terms.
Find four fractions each equal to 1-2.
Find three fractions each equal to 1-3; to 2-3.
Find two fractions each equal to 1-4; to 3-4.
Find one fraction equal to 1-5; to 2-5; to 3-5; to 4-5.
It is best to divide the figure into two, three, four, or five.
equal parts by horizontal lines. The next fraction will then
be found by dividing the figure in the opposite direction by
one vertical line, and the next by using two vertical lines, etc
From higher to lower terms.
Find a fraction equal to 4-8 in which the parts are
larger than in 4-8; one equal to 5-10, 3-6, 6-12, 5-15, 10-15,
etc. Such a fraction as 14-16 would puzzle pupils for a time,
and should be avoided.
SECOND QUARTER.—Multiplication and division through the
tens and elevens. Multiply by 10, 100 and 1000.
46 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
REDUCTION.
Mixed numbers to improper fractions. 1 1-3= how many
thirds? Draw two figures. 2 1-3 = how many thirds?
At first draw three figures for such problems. -
Improper fractions to mixed numbers or intigers. 10-3=?
Draw a square and divide it into thirds, and then another,
etc. counting the number of thirds on the completion of each
figure until the given number is represented.
THIRD QUARTER.—Multiplication, and division through the
twelves. - -
ADDITION OF FRACTIONS.
1. Fractions having a common denominator.
2. Fractions, one of which reduces to the denominator of
the other; as 2-3 and 1-6.
3. Fractions, the denominators of which reduce to a higher
common denominator; as 3-5 and 2-3.
4. Fractions whose denominators have a common factor.
Do not give problems involving the addition of more than
two fractions. Pupils will soon observe that if they divide
the figure illustrating each fraction into as many equal parts
by horizontal lines as there are units in the denominator of
that fraction, and then into as many equal parts by vertical
lines as there are units in the other denominator, the parts
will be of the same size and shape in each figure. Do not
use the expression “common denominator.” In subtraction
take the steps in the same order.
FourTH QUARTER.—Long Division, the divisor not to ex-
ceed two figures. Give most of the time to this difficult
step. º *
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 47
MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS.
1. Fraction by a whole number.
2. Whole number by a fraction. Pupils should be taught
that 12 x 1-3 in which 1-3 is the multiplier, is 1-3 of 12. It
must not be inferred that diagrams alone are to be used in
illustrating this work. Use a variety of objects. Use fractions
with small denominators. Keep them under 20.
GEOGRAPHY.
- FIRST HALF.—Swinton's Introductory to lesson XV.
SECOND HALF—To lesson XXVIII.
LANGUAGE.
FIRST HALF.—Reed's Introductory to lesson LXI.
SEcond HALF—To Part II. Commit to memory ten
graded selections.
FIFTH GRADE.
- READING.
Child's Book of Nature Part I completed, and Part II. Use
the supplementary fourth readers. Give special attention to
the thought in this grade. The lessons on reading in Apple-
ton's Fourth reader will be helpful. Make frequent use of the
dictionary. - -
SPELLING.
Oral and written from all studies. During the first half
spell also from Reed's Ward Lessons to page 40, and during
the second half to page 62. See instructions for preceding
grades. - -
48 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
WRITING.
FIRST HALF.—Harper's No. 1.
SECOND HALF.—Harper's No. 2.
Each pupil is to be provided also with a practice book in
which he is to be drilled upon exercises designed to impart a
free and easy movement.
ARITHMETIC.
Onley's Practical Arithmetic will be used in this grade.
The work is not laid out by pages in the course, since the
four fundamental operations and fractions are to be carried
on together as in preceding grades. The work included be-
tween pages 93 and 102 may be postponed to the last quarter.
FRACTIONS.
FIRST HALF.—Carefully reyiew the work of the fourth grade.
Addition of mixed numbers. Illustrate the addition of the
fractional parts only, which for a time should amount to less
than one.
Subtraction of mixed numbers. The fraction in the minu-
end should at first be less than that in the subtrahend.
Multiplication of a fraction by a fraction.
Division of a whole number by a fraction.
SECOND HALF.—Division of a fraction by a fraction.
1. Fractions having a common denominator, and when
there is no remainder.
2. Fractions not having a common denominator, and
when there is no remainder.
3. When there is a remainder.
Multiplication.
1. Mixed number by a whole number.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 49
2. Whole number by a mixed number.
3. Mixed number by a mixed number.
Proceed with division in the same order. All these steps
should be fully illustrated. For details see the manual.
GEOGRAPHY.
FIRST HALF.—Introductory to Lesson XLI.
SECOND HALF.—Introductory completed.
Make frequent use of the outline maps.
LANGUAGE.
FIRST HALF.—Introductory to lesson CXVII.
SECOND HALF.—Introductory completed.
Memorize ten graded selections.
FORM.
The Square, the Rectangle, the Triangle, and the Circle.
Parallel, Vertical, Horizontal and Oblique lines. Right,
Acute and Obtuse angles. Area of the square and the Rec-
tangle. The diagonal of the square, and the diameter and
radius of the circle. The Cube, the Sphere and the Cylinder.
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE.
SECOND HALF.—The House I Live In. Make use of the
charts. * -
SIXTH GRADE.
READING.
FIRST HALF.—Fourth Reader to page 96.
SECOND HALF.—To page 163.
Black Beauty will be used as supplementary reading. These
50 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
books should be kept at the teacher's desk. From this time
on the dictionary should be the pupil’s constant companion
See that pupils grasp the thought fully, and then insist upon
their giving the correct expression. Have them face the class
and read from the reader or some book supplementary to the
work in Geography, which they have had an opportunity to
study. Criticise with reference to walk, position, facial ex-
pression, pronunciation, quality of voice force, pitch, and
emphasis. -
SPELLING.
Oral and written from all studies. Also from Reed's Word
Lessons to page 103. See instructions for Fourth Grade.
WRITING.
FIRST HALF.—Harper’s No. 3.
SECOND HALF.—Harper's No. 4. See instructions for
Fifth grade.
ARITHMETIC.
FIRST HALF.—Common Fractions.
Assist pupils in developing the Principles and Rules as
given in Onley by using the diagrams.
SEOOND HALF—.Decimals and Denominate Numbers to
Longitude and Time.
GEOGRAPHY.
FIRST HALF.—Swinton's Grammar School Geography to
page 42.
SECOND HALF.—To page 67. Use the outline provided and
supplement the work as instructed.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 51
LANGUAGE.
FIRST HALF.—Reed and Kellog's Graded Lessons to lesson
XLIV.
SECOND HALF.—To lesson LXXI.
Commit to memory ten graded selections.
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYCIENE.
SECOND HALF.—Review the work of the preceding grade,
and carry it forward by the use of the charts.
SEVENTH GRADE.
READING. *9
FIRST HALF.—Fourth Reader to page 236.
SECOND HALF.—Fourth Reader completed. Suplementary
reading, Kingsley's Water Babies. See instructions for the
Sixth Grade.
SPELLING.
Oral and written from all studies. Reed's Word Lessons
to page 143.
WRITING.
FIRST HALF. Harper's No. 5.
SECOND HALF.—Harper's No. 6.
Follow instructions for the Fifth grade.
ARITHMETIC.
FIRST HALF. From Percentage to Taxes and Duties.
SECOND HALF.—To Discount.
52 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
GEOGRAPHY.
FIRST HALF.—Europe.
SECOND HALF.—Asia, Africa, and Oceanica. Use the out-
line and supplement the work as directed.
LANGUAGE.
FIRST HALF—Graded Lessons to lesson XCIII.
SECOND HALF.—Graded Lessons completed.
EIGHTH GRADE.
READING.
From the Fifth Reader and Martineau's Peasant and Prince.
Follow instructions for the Sixth Grade.
SPELLING.
Reed's Word Lessons completed. Spelling from all studies.
WRITING.
FIRST HALF. Harper's No. 7. and 8.
ARITHMETIC.
FIRST HALF. From Discount to Powers and Roots omitting
Government Bonds.
SECOND HALF.—Text book completed, including Longitude
and Time, Pratical Expedients, Aliquot Parts, and a review
of Common and Decimal Fractions. *
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 53
HISTORY.
FIRST HALF.—Barnes’ History of the United States to the
close of the Revolution. *
SECOND HALF.—Barnes completed.
GRAMMAR.
FIRST HALF.—Reid and Kellogg's Higher Lessons in Eng-
lish to Lesson XLV.
SECOND HALF.—To Lesson LXXXV.
“cºº
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
HIGH SCHOOL-COURSES OF STUDY.
LATIN. SCIENTIFIC. ENGLISH. COMMERCIAL.
‘ī- º - -
É Latin. Latin. Arithmetic. Arithmetic.
º: Algebra. Algebra. Algebra. Book-keeping.
+s
g *}|Grammar. Grammar. Grammar. Grammar.
E- •, .
##|Latin. Latin, Grammar. Arithmetic.
}- •w
G|I. Composition. COmposition. Composition. BOOk-keeping.
$|Physiology. Physiology. Physiology. Physiology.
º : Ca2Sar. Caesar. Geology. Book: keeping.
: : Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Zoology. Commercial LaW.
ſº | 2
:- |T|German. German. General History.|German.
ſº -
3 : Caesar. Caesar. Civil Government. |Civil GOvernment,
Q lº
; tr; BQtany. Botany. Botany. BOOk-keeping.
§ German. German. General History. German.
: Cicero and Prose. Rhetoric. Rhetoric.
º: = Physics. Physics. Physics.
ſº if -
> |*|Algebra. Algebra. Algebra.
º
ſ: +: Cicero and Prose. Civil Government English History.
F il Roman History. |Physics. Physics.
§ Algebra. Algebra. Algebra.
*— Vergil. General History, Chemistry.
3||s Geometry. Geometry. -
;3|Rhetoric. Eng. Literature. Geometry.
#
# Vergil. General History. |Astronomy.
5 i. German. German. Am. Literature.
'º, - - “. . ;
*|Geometry. Geometry. GeOmetry.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
55
COURSE IN ENGLISH CLASSICS.
FIRST YEAR.
TIRST HAT, F.
SECONIO EIALF.
*Sprague's Six Selections from the
Sketch Book.
*Longfellow’s Evangeline.
+Whittier's Poems. (42 Selections.)
*Longfellow’s Poems. (21 Selections.)
+Warner's A Hunting of the Deer.
SECON D Y E.A.R.
FIRST FIA ſ, F.
SECOND FIALF.
+Burrough's Birds and Bees.
*Tom Brown at Rugby.
*Scott's Lady of the Lake.
‘l’Holme's Poems.
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
TI-II R D Y E.A.R.
FIRST HALF,
SECOND HAL F.
£Motley's Peter, the Great.
*Merchant. Of Venice.
#Macaulay's Frederic the Great
*Julius Caesar.
*Lowell's Sir Launfaul.
F O U RT II
Y II. A. R. '
FIRST FIA. T., F.
SECONIO FIA I, F.
*Selections from Ruskin.
*FHamlet.
Webster's Reply to Hayne.
*WordSWOrth'S Poems.
*King Lear.
*Coleridge and Burns.
*Ginn & Company, Hudson's Shakespeare.
*Riverside Literature Series.
#Harper's Half Hour Series.
56 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
TEXT BOOKS.
The Beginners' Latin Book...........................................................Collar & Daniell
Elements of Algebra............. ...---------------------. - - - - - * * * *s a s a s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * Wont WOrth
Composition ................................. ...----------, .................................. ------. Chittonden
Grammar...............…...….......--------------------------------------------. Reed and Kellogg
Commercial Aril himctic..................... …~~~~ Sadler
Book-keeping ...........................--------------------------------------------. Rochester University
Physiology ....................... ....... . - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * ......Stecle
Caesar............….....….....…............. Lowe and Ewing
Latin Grammal'....................... ......... ................................. Allen and Greenough
Geology ...............….. .....….....….........….......…..................... LeConte
Zoology .......…....….......…...…..... ...................…....................... Packard
German Grammar ............................................................ ................... COOlć's Otto
German Reader........................... • * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a. º. 8 s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * *‘..... Whitney
Wilhelm Tcl l................ .................'. -------- - - - - - - - - - --------- ------------------------‘......Bucheim
General History.................... ... - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Barnes
Commercial Law..........................................................…................................ Clark
Civil Government ....................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * ~ Townsend
Botany.… …~~~~~ Gray's Manual and Lessons
Cicero..................... ...................................... ............................ Allen & Greenough
Latin Prose......….......... .....…. .................... Daniell
Rhetoric ......….. ...…....... .….............................. Kellogg
Physics...........................................................................................----------------. Ayery
Complete Algeb' a..................... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Olney
English History....................................................................................... Lancaster
Roman History...................…...................................................................... Sheldon
Vergil.….…....….................... Frieze
Chemistry … …........…............................. .......................... Meade
English and American Literature.......................................... ....................... Shaw
Geometry • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Olney
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 57
A N A CT
TO REVISE AND AMEND AN ACT ENTITLED
AN ACT TO ORGANIZE THE UNION SCHOOL DIS-
TRICT OF THE CITY OF ALPENA.
AP PROY IT D A PRIL 25, 18 S 9.
An act to revise and amend an act entitled “An act to organize the
Union School District of the City of Alpena,” approved April
fourth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and the acts amend—
atory thereof.
SECTION. 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact, That the act
entitled “An act to organize the Union School District of the City of
Alpena,” approved April fourth, eighteen hundred and seventy-
three, and the acts amendatory thereof, be, and the same are hereby
revised and amended so as to read as follows.
SEC. 1. The territory enbraced in the city of Alpena shall con–
stitute one school district, and shall be a body corporate, by the
name and style of the “Union School District of the City of Alpena,”
and by that name may sue and be sued for all debts contracted by
the Board of Education of said school district, and shall have and
possess all the powers and be subject to all the duties and liabilities
conferred and imposed by the general laws of the State, relating to
corporations, and relating to primary and union schools and School
58 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
districts, so far as the same may be applicable, except as herein
otherwise provided, and except as may otherwise be provided by the
by-laws and ordinances of the said Board of Education. The schools
of said district shall be open and free to all children actual residents
within the limits of the city, and between the ages of five and twenty
wears inclusive, and to such other persons as the said board shall
admit.
SEC. 2. The Board of Education of said district shall consist of
two members elected from and by each ward of said city, as said
wards are now and may be hereafter bounded and established.
Each of said members shall hold office for the term of two years,
commencing on the day of the annual election herein provided for,
and until his successor is elected and qualified. The term of one
member of said board in each ward Bhall expire each year. All of
said members, including the present members of said board, shall
hold their offices until their successors are elected and qualified. No
person shall be eligible to election or appointment as a member of
said Board of Education who holds any other elective office under
the muncipal government of Said city, or by appointment of the
Board of Education; except as otherwise herein provided. The
manner of conducting such election and canvassing shall be the
same as provided in the charter of said city for the election of alder-
men, said members to be elected on the same tickut with other ward
officers, and to be designated, “For Member of Board of Education.”
SEC. 3. Within ten days after such election, the members of the
J}oard of Education shall meet, and the Mayor of the city shall be
President of the Board, and in the absence of the President at any
meeting, a majority of the members present may choose one of their
own number President pro tem.
SEC. 4. The Recorder of said city shall be ex-officio Clerk of said
board, shall perform such duties as the Board of Education may
reasonably require, but shall not be entitled to a vote therein , and
in case of the absence of Said Clerk, the board may choose some
suitable person to perform his duties.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 59
SEC. 5. Said Board of Education shall have power to fill vacancies
that may occur in the Office of members, until the next annual elec-
tion, and each member shall file with the Clerk an acceptance of the
office, in writing, within ten days after such election by the board,
or by the ward in which such vacancy may occur.
SEC. 6. The Treasurer of said city shall be Treasurer of said board:
Provided, That if, in the judgment of the board, the interests of said
school district shall seem to demand it, the said board may appoint
some other person, and he shall keep all moneys belonging to said
school district separate from the moneys belonging to the corpora-
tion of said city, and he shall not pay out or expend the school
moneys without the authority of said board, and it shall be his duty
to pay all orders of said board, to the extent of funds in his hands, on
presentation thereof. The Treasurer shall, before receiying any of
the money of said district, give a bon d to said district, in a penalty
to be fixed by the board, in double the amount of money that is like-
ly to come into his hands, belonging to said district, with two or more
sufficient surieties, to be approved by said board, conditioned for the
faithful performance of his duties as such Treasurer, and the proper
care and application of all School funds which shall come into his
hands as such Treasurer. Said Board of Education may at any time
and from time to time, require the said Treasurer to execute a new
or additional bond upon like conditions, in such penalty and signed
by such sureties as shall be satisfactory to the said board. Said
Treasurer shall deposit the School funds in his possession in such
bank in the city of Alpena, or with such person or corporation there-
in, as will pay the greatest amount of interest or premium, and shall
give good security by bond, with at least five sufficient and respon-
sible sureties, to be approved by Said board, conditioned for the pay-
ment thereof as needed in the management of Said district, and as
ordered by said board : Provided, That the Recorder shall, in July
in each year, invite proposals for such deposits, by publishing notice
inviting bids for such deposits, in one or more newspapers publish-
ed in said city, for four successive weeks; and the person or corpora-
tion offering the largest amount of interest or premium, and who shall
Ó0 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
comply with this section, shall receive such deposit. The interest
or premium accruing therefrom shall be added to the school fund
of said district. If said Treasurer shall, within ten days after being
required by the Board of Education, fail to file such bond as the said
board are hereinbefore authorized to require of said Treasurer, and
shall fail to comply with the directions of the board in that behalf,
then, and in such case, Said board may appoint some other person
to be Treasurer of the district for the unexpired portion of the term
of said treasurer. And the person so appointed shall, upon execut-
ing such bond as the board shall require and approve, be custodian
of the funds of the district, and shall be entitled to demand and
receive the Šame from the City Treasurer, from time to time, as such
funds may come into his hands. If the City Treasurer shall fail
promptly to comply with such demand, he shall be deemed guilty
of embezzlement, and be subject to the pains and penalties thereof.
The board Inay fix and pay the person so appointed Treasurer, a
suitable compension for his services.
SEC. 7. The majority of the members of said board shall con-
stitute a quorum, and the Said board shall meet at least once in each
month, in such place in said city as they may designate. Said board
shall succeed to and exercise all the powers and perform all the
duties of school inspectors of Said city. The proceedings of each
meeting of Said board shall be published in one or more newspapers
of the city of Alpena as soon as possible after the adjournment.
SEC. 8. Every elector who has resided in the city for three months
next preceding the day of Said election, and who has resided in the
ward in which he offers to vote, for ten days next preceding the day
of said election, shall be entitled to vote in such ward for member of
Board of Education: Provided, That if the question of raising
money for said district by loan shall at any time be submitted to be
voted upon by the electors, at an annual election or at a special
election called for that purpose, as hereinafter provided, only persons
who have property liable to be assessed for school taxes in said city
shall be entitled to vote in respect to such loan.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 61
SEC. 9. If at any such election any person shall conduct himself
in a disorderly manner, and if after notice thereof by either of the
inspectors of election, shall persist therein, either of the inspectors
maw order him to withdraw from the place of holding the poll, and
on his refusal may order any constable, sheriff or deputy sheriff, or
any policeman, or any other person or persons to take him into cus-
tody until the polls of said election shall be closed, and any person
who shall refuse to withdraw from the place of holding said poll, on
being so ordered, as herein provided, and also any person who shall
wilſully disturb the said election, by rude, indecent behavior, by
profane or indecent discourse, or in any other way make such dis-
turbance, he shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of
not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars, or by imprison-
ment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days; and any Justice
of the Peace or the Recorder of said city shall have jurisdiction to
try and determine the same.
SEC. 10. The Board of Education shall have full power and
authority to purchase school sites, improve and ornament the same,
to hire or build and furnish school houses, to establish and maintain
schools, employ a superintendent, teachers, janitors, and such other
officers, agents and assistants as in their judgment may be necessary;
to provide furniture, fuel, books, apparatus, tools and conveniences
necessary or convenient for such schools, to fix the salary and com-
pansation of the officers, superintendent, the teachers and other
employes of the district. Said board shall also have full power and
authority to make by-laws and ordinances relative to taking the
census of all children in said city, between the ages of five and
twenty years; relative to making all necessary reports and trans-
mitting them to the proper officers, as designated by law, so that the
said school district may receive its proportion of the primary School
funds; relative to visitation of schools; relative to the length of time
school shall be kept, which shall not be less than nine months in
each year, relative to the employment and examination of teachers,
their powers and duties; relative to the officers and employes of Said
district, and to prescribe their powers and duties; relative to the
G2 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
regulation of schools, the course of study and the books to be used
therein; relative to anything whatever that may advance the interests
of education, the good government and prosperity of the schools in
said city, and the welfare of the public concerning the same.
SEC. 11. Said board shall also hav power to establish a high
school, and to grant certificates of Scholarship in such form as they
may deem proper, to pupils completing satisfactorily the course of
study. -
SEC. 12. Said board shall have the power and it shall be their
duty annually, on or before the first Monday in May in each year, to
determine, by a majority vote of all the members thereof, which said
vote shall be enter, d in the records of their proceedings, the amount
of money necessary to be raised by tax on the property of said dis-
trict, to defray the expenses of the schools of said district for the
current year, and the amount of the money to pay the interest and
principal of any debt due in each year for such district; also the
amount of money necessary to purchase sites for school buildings,
and to build or repair any School house in said district. and to file
said estimates with the Common Council of said city. ſt shall be
the duty of the Common Council to review said estimates, and said
Council may reduce such estimates, but shall not increase or add to
them, and shall by resolution determine what portion of said
estimates shall be assessed and raised by tax upon the property of
said district, and the sum determined by them, as aforesaid, shall be
certified by the Coungil to the Comptroller of said city; and the
Comptroller of said city of Alpena shall cause the said amounts of
money so voted to be assessed upon the taxable property of said city
the general city tax roll thereafter made, upon which general city
taxes shall be assessed; and the Comptroller shall have the same
power and discharge the same duties as to the assessment of said
school taxes that can or may be confered or imposed by law upon
him in relation to the general taxes of the city of Alpena. Sala taxes
shall be collected at the same time and in the same manner as the
other city taxes in said roll mentioned: Provided, That the amount
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 63
which may be raised by tax in any one year, for the expense of the
Schools of Said district, exclusive of such sum as may be required to
pay the principal and interest of the bonded debt of said district,
Shall not exceed the sum of one per cent. on the assessed valuation
of Said district, according to the last preceding assessment roll of the
Clty.
SEC. 13. All taxes which have been or hearafter may be assessed
and leyied under and by virtue of this act, shall be set forth in the
assessment roll of said city in a seperate column, apart and distin-
guished from all other taxes; and the Treasurer of said city shall
collect said tax in money. In the warrant required by law to be
annexed by the Comptroller to the tax roll upon which such school
taxes are assessed, said Treasurer shall be commanded, and it shall
be his duty, to levy and collect the school taxes in the same way and
at the same time as the general city taxes. Said Treasurer shall have
and possess all the powers requisit to enforce the collection of said
taxes which are given him by the laws of the State for the collection
of other taxes. But said Treasurer shall not receive in payment of
said taxes any liability or evidence of debt against said city. The
taxes remaining delinquent upon the said roll, after the time allowed
for the collection of the same, shall be in all respects returned,
managed, treated, collected and enforced in the same way and
manner as is provided by law for the return, collection and enforce-
ment of the general city taxes of Said city, and the provisions of the
general tax laws of this State and fhe charter of the city of Alpena
shall apply to and govern in the proceedings relative to the assess-
ment, Collection, enforcement and return of such school taxes, so far
as the same may be applicable, except as in this act otherwise pro-
vided. The Treasurer of the city shall demand and recelye from the
County Treasurer of Alpena county, all moneys collected or received
by him for and on account of such school taxes, and all primary
school funds appropriated to Said district.
SEC. 14. The Board of Education of the city of Alpena is hereby
authorized, from time to time, to borrow money and to issue the
G4 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
bonds of said district therefor, for the purpose of purchasing sites for
school houses, ornamenting the same, and for building and repairing
and furnishing school houses thereon. No money shall be borrowed
by said Board of Education until the the same shall be approved by
a majority vote of the tax-paying electors of Said city. Said board
shall not contract to pay interest upon any such loan at a greater rate
than six per cent, per annum, and no bond shall be sold or negoti-
ated by said Board of Education, or by any person or officer acting
for said board, at less than par, and the interest accrued thereon up
to the time of such negotiation and sale. Said loan shail not exceed
one-half of one per cent, on the total valuation of property on the
last preceding assessment roll of said city. Whenever said Board
of Education shall deem it necessary to borrow money for the pur-
poses mentioned in this Section, they shall so declare by resolution;
said resolution may be in the following form, viz:
“Resolved, That this board deems it necessary to borrow the sum
of . . . . . . . . dollars upon the bonds of the district, for the purpose of
[here state the purpose generally]; such bonds to be made payable
in not less than . . . . . . years, nor more than . . . . . years, and to draw
interest at the rate of not exceeding. . . . . . per centum per annum.”
The question of raising such money by loan may be submitted to a
vote of the electors of Said city, at a special election called for that
purpose. If said board shall decide to call a special election for that
purpose, said boardsball thereupon, by resolution, direct such special
election to be held in the several wards of said city, at a time and at
a place in each ward respectively to be fixed by said board, not less
than twenty days thereafter. Thereupon the Recorder of said city
shall cause notice of such resolution, and of the time and place in
each ward in said city, by posting in five conspicuous places in each
ward in said city, and also by publishing in one or more newspapers
printed and circulated in said city, for at least two weeks preceding
the time fixed for holding such special election. Such special election
shall be held upon the day and at the places in each ward so desig-
nated in said notice. The vote upon the question of raising money
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 65
by loan shall be by ballot, having written or printed thereon the
words, “In favor of the loan,” or “Against the loan.” The election
shall be conducted in the manner hereinbefore provided for. The
inspectors in each ward respectively shall canvass the votes and
certify the result of such election in auch ward, to the Board of Edu-
cation, and file the same with the Recorder. The Board of
Education shalf canvass such certificates and declare the
result of such election in the city. Proof by affidavit, of the
posting and publication of said notice shall be filed with
the Recorder. Such affidavit and the certificates of the
inspectors of such election, and the action of the Board of Educa-
tion in canvassing the same and declaring the result of said election
may be recorded at length upon the records of said board, and a cer-
tified copy of such record shall be prima facie evidence of the con-
tents thereof and the genuineness of the signatures thereto. The
members of the Board of Education for each ward respectfully, and
the Supervisors of each ward, shall constitute a board of inspectors
for such special election.
SEC. 15. If any person offering to vote at said special election,
shall be challenged as unqualified by any legal voter in said ward,
one of the inspectors shall declare to the person challenged the
qualifications of a voter; and if such person shall state that he is
qualified, and the challenge shall not be withdrawn, one of the
inspectors shall tender to him an oath, in substance as follows
“You do swear (or affirm) that you are twenty-one years of age; that
you have been for the last three months ad actual resident of the
city of Alpena, and for the last ten days an actual resident of this
ward, and that you have property liable to be assessed for school
taxes in the city of Alpena.” And every person taking such oath
shall be permitted to vote at said election, upon questions involving
the raising of money by loan. If any person so challenged shall
refuse to take such oath, his vote shall be rejected; and any person
who shall take a false oath, or make a false affirmation under the pro-
visions of this section, shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and be sub-
ject to the pains and penalties thereof.
66 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SEC. 16. Whenever the number of wards in said city shall be
Increased, there shall, at the first annual election after the organiza–
tion of such new ward or wards, be elected two members of the
Board of Education from every such new ward, one for the term of
one year and one for the term of two years, and annually thereafter
there shall be elected one member from each ward for the term of
two years.
SEC. 17. All property, rights and credits now held or existing
in said union school district, or in the Board of Education, are here—
by confirmed and continued in said district, and shall be in no way
affected or impaired by the passage of this act. Taxes leyied for and
on account of the present school district of the city of Alpena, or
other proceedings had for the collection or enforcement thereof,
shall not be in any way affected by the passage of this act, but the
same shall be continued and enforced in the same way and manner
as mow provided by law.
SEC. 18. All the debts and liabilities of the present school district
of said city, whether in the form of bor:ds or other express contracts,
or in any other form, and whether liquidated or not, shall continue
to be the debts and liabilities of said union school district of the city
of Alpena, to the extent of their present validity.
SEC. 19. All orders drawn on the Treasurer for school money,
shall be drawn and signed by the Recorder, and countersigned by
the Mayor. The Comptroller, City Treasurer, and all the employes
of the Board of Education. shall take notice officially of the acts,
orders and proceedings of said board.
SEC. 20. The removal of any member of the Board of Education
of said city from the ward for which he was elected a trustee or
member of the Board of Education, shall operate to vacate his office,
and said board shall have power to fill all such vacancies as may occur
by such removal or otherwise, in the office of member of said board,
u.til the next annual election. The members of said board, shall
each receive, for all services connected with their duties, the sum of
one dollar and fifty cents for each attendance of the meetings of the
board. -
SEC. 21. All acts or parts of acts contravening the provisions of
this act, are hereby repealed. ...” •
This act is ordered to take immediate effect.
Approved April 25, 1889.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 67
RULES AND REGULATIONS
OF THE
BOARD OF EDUCATION
+--OF THE-
CITY OF ALPENA, MICHICAN.
ADOPTED JUNE 12, 1889.
GENERAL REGULATIONS.
-$.
PART I.
MEETINGS.
SEC. 1. The regular meetings of the Board of Education shall be
held on the second Wednesday of each month. The hour of meet—
ing shall be half past seven o’clock P. M. -
SEC. 2. Special meetings may be called by the President, at any
time and at any hour stated in the call. The President shall also
call special meetings of the board on the written request of any three
members. In the event of the President's absence from the city, or
other cause or inability, such special meetings may be called by the
Secretary, on the written request of any three members. The Secre-
tary, shall give written notice Cf all special meetings.
SEC. 3. A majority of the members elect shall constitute a quorum
for the travisaction of business, but a lesser number may meet and
adjºurn from time to time. The President, or in his absence the
President pro tem., shall have power to send for absent members.
The meetings of the board shall be held at the office of the Secretary,
unless the board shall determine otherwise.
G8 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
COMMITTEES.
SEC. 4. Within ten days after the annual election in each year,
the board shall meet for Organization. The following standing
committees shall be appointed by the President, subject to the ap-
proval of the board: ; - -
FIRST_EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
The duties of this committee shall pertain to the supervision Of
school buildings, repairs, grounds, fuel, janitors, furniture, supplies
and apparatus.
SECON D–FINANCE COMMITTEE.
The duties of this committee shall pertain to the appropriations,
expenses, accounts, census, printing, etc.
THIRD–COMMITTEE ON SCHOOLS.
The duties of this committee shall pertain to visitation of schools,
recommending course of instruction, and text books.
FOURTH-COMMITTEE ON EXAMINATIONS .
The duties of this committee shall pertain to examination of
teachers; appointment of teachers to fill vacancies, subject to appro-
val of board; examination of pupils for promotion, and the recom-
mending of teachers for employment. -
FIFTH-COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY.
The duties of this committee shall pertain to the collection and
expenditures of the library funds, subject to the approval of the
board; supervision and control of the library; purchase of books, etc.
SEC. 5, All committees shall consist of three members, except
the Executive, which shall consist of the President and one member
from each ward; and the Committee on Examinations shall consist
of the Superintendent of Schools and two members of the Board.
SEC. 6. No Committee shall take action involving an expense of
more than fifty ($50) dollars without authority from the board, All
acts of committees shall be subject to the approval of the board.
SEC. 7. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting other
than that for which such meeting was called, except by the consent
of all the members present.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 69
SEC. 8 At all regular-meetings of the board, business shall be
disposed of in the following order: ......
1.—Calling roll.
2.—Reading and correcting journal of last meeting.
3.—Unfinished business.
4.—-Petitions, communications and notices.
5.—Consideration of accounts.
6.—Reports of officers, Superintendent, etc.
7–Reports of standing committees.
8,-Reports of special committees.
9.—Miscellaneous business.
PART II.
OFFICERS.
SEC. 1. At the first meeting in April, the board shall, by ballot,
elect a Treasurer of said board, who shall give a bond for the faithful
performance of his duties, with at least two sufficient sureties,
approved by the board, to Union School District of the City of Al-
pena, in such amount as the Board of Education may determine,
which must not be less than double the amount estimated as prob-
able to come into his hands.
SEC, 2. The Treasurer shall pay all orders properly signed and
countersigned, to the extent of the money in his hands, and he shall
make, a full and complete report to the Board, at the regular meet-
ings in April and August in each year, and at such other times as
the board may direct, and shall in all respects comply with the
requirements of the board.
SEC. 3. The President shall preside at all meetings of the board,
shall maintain the rules of order, and shall lay before the board all
business requiring their action; shall appoint all committees, unless
otherwise ordered by the board; shall, countersign all orders, reports
and contracts directed by the board. In his absence or inability, a
President pro tempore may be appointed by the board, from one of
70 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
their own number, who shall perform the duties of the President
during such absence or inability. . g
SEC. 4. The Secretary shall keep and preserve a record of all
business and proceedings of the board, and furnish copies of such
proceedings for publication in such papers in the city as the board
shall designate, providing such paper shall have, in competition,
been the lowest bidder. He shall draw and sign all orders on the
Treasurer for the payment of teachers' wages, and all other claims
allowed by the board; shall, in conjunction with the President, sign
all contracts with teachers employed by the board; prepare and for-
ward in due time to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, all
reports required by law, and cause to be taken as required by law,
the census of all children in the city, between the ages of fiye and
twenty years.
PART III.
SUPERINTENDENT.
SEC. 1. The Board of Education shall appoint a Superintendert,
who shall have the immediate supervision of all the public schools,
teachers, school houses, books and apparatus.
SEC, 2. He shall be charged with the execution of all rules and
regulations adopted by the board for the organization and govern-
ment of the schools, and shall perform such further duties as the
Board of Education may from time to time require.
SEC. 3. As a member thereof, he shall co-operate with the Com—
mittee on Examinations and appointment of teachers, in ascertain-
ing the character and qualifications Of persons who apply for situa–
tions as teachers, and shall endeavor to anticipate and provide for
vacancies in due time; and shall also report to the board any neglect
of duty or lack of ability which, in his judgment, renders any
teacher unfit for his or her position .
SEC. 4. In case of temporary in disposition or absence of any
teacher, shall procure a proper substitute, and no teacher shall em-
ploy a substitute without his approval being first obtained.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 71
SEC. 5. He shall attend to cases of misconduct reported to him
by teachers, and administer appropriate correction. In cases of ex-
treme difficulty and importance, he shall report the matter to the
Board of Education.
SEC. 6. All promotions from one grade or class to another, shall
be made by him, and he shall superintend all examinations for
such promotions; and he shall at other times, as often as practicable,
visit the schools and hold such examinations as he may think pro-
per, to ascertain the proficiency of the pupils and the success of the
teachers.
SEC. 7. He shall direct the teachers in the classification of their
pupils, modes of instruction, administration of discipline, and the
introduction of such exercises as are necessarry for the prosperity of
their schools.
SEC. 8. He shall convene the teachers on the first Monday of
each school month, at 4.15 P. M., or oftener, if he deems it advisable,
for the purpose of imparting to them such directions or advice or
instruction for the regulation of the schools of the city as he may
think necessary.
SEC. 9. He shall make a monthly report to the Board of Educa-
tion, compiled from the monthly reports of the teachers, stating the
number of pupils in the different public Schools of the city, the
average daily attendance, the number of non-resident pupils, and
such other items of information as the board may require. He shall
also prepare an annual report for publication, embracing such facts
connected with the operation of our public school system as may be
of interest to the community,
SEC. 10. He shall report to the Board of Education the tuition of
non-resident pupils.
SEC. 1 1. He shall be in his office from 4 to 5 P. M. on all school
days, for the accomodation of parents and others who may desire to
consult him in reference to the schools.
72 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SEC. 12. He shall have the control of all the janitors, and they
shall perform such duties as he may require, subject to the approval
of the Board of Education. * .
SEC. 13. He may allow the teachers to dismiss their schools for
the purpose of visiting, under his direction, other schools in the city,
so as to secure greater uniformity in discipline and instruction in
the various grades.
SEC. 14. He shall preserve at his office, a complete list of all
apparatus, clocks, thermometers, chairs, bells, maps, keys, etc., belong-
ing to the several schools, and shall require a full and satisfactory
report from each teacher at the close of each year, accounting for all
the various apparatus, books and articles belonging to his or her
room or department.
PART IV.
MESCELIANEOUS.
SEC. 1. TFRMS AND WACATIONS.—The schools shall commence on
the first Monday in September, and shall be taught forty weeks in
each year, and five days in each week.
SEC. 2. Holid AYs.—There shall be no school on Thanksgiving
day, nor on Fast days appointed by civil authorities, nor on any
legal holiday. - -
SEC. 3. SCHOOL Hours.-Unless otherwise ordered by the board,
the morning session shall begin at 8:45 o'clock A. M., and continue to
12 M., with fifteen minutes recess. The afternoon session shall begin
at half past one o'clock, and continue to 4 P. M., with recess as the
Superintendent shall direct.
SEC. 4. RINGING OF BELLs.-The first bell shall begin to ring
thirty minutes before the time to begin school, morning and after-
noon, and shall ring five minutes. The last bell shall begin to ring
five minutes before the time to begin school, morning and afternoon,
and shall ring five minutes.
SEC. 5. NON-RESIDENTS.–Non-resident pupils and pupils over
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 73
age shall be requirrd to pay in adyancCe the following rates of tui-
tion, and no teacher shall receive such pupils unless they present
the Treasurer's receipt for tuition, as follows:
First and Second Grades, $1.00 per term.
Third and Fourth Grades, $2.00 per term.
Fifth and Sixth Grades, $3.00 per term.
Seventh and Eight Grades, $4.00 per term.
High School, $5.00 per term.
All are non-residents whose legal residence is not within the limits
of the district prescribed by law, and known as the Union School
District of the City of Alpena.
SEC. 6. PAYMENT OF TEACHIERs.-Orders for the teachers' wages
shall be made out at the close of each month, and delivered on the
first Saturday of each month, to such teachers as have completed the
month's work, and are not reported absent from any teachers’ meet-
ing during the month. - -
SF.C. 7. PROMOTIONS.—Regular promotions from one grade to
another, shall take place at the close of the spring term, in each year,
upon a personal examination by the Superintendent. Pupils of
suitable age, however, who are in advance of their respective classes,
may be promoted at any time during the year, to any grade to which
their age, health and abilities entitle them, at the discretion of the
Superintendent.
SEC. 8, VENTILATION.—A regular system of ventilation shall
be practiced 1n winter as well as in summer, by
which the alr in all the school rooms shall be changed
So as to prevent the breathing of impure alr. Whenever
windows are opened for the purpose of ventilation, the pupils shall
in no case be allowed to sit in the draught of cold air. During the
season for fires, the temperature of the room shall be kept where
the pupils sit, between 70 and 75°, Fahrenheit.
PART V.
TEACHERS.
SEC. 1. All teachers are required to make themsel res familiar
with the rules and regulations adopted, by the board, especially as far
74 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
as relates to their own duties, and to the instruction and discipline
of their own schools, and shall be held reasonably responsible for
their observance.
SEC. 2. All teachers are required to devote themselves faithfully,
and during school hours, exclusively, to the duties of their office; to
labor for the advancement of their pupils in study, and for their
moral, social and physical well-being.
SEC. 3. All teachers shall take care that their respective rooms,
as well as the furniture, apparatus, maps and other school property
belonging to their rooms, be not defaced or injured; and upon dis–
covery of any injury, shall report the same to the Superintendent.
They shall, subject to the regulations of the Superintendent, assist in
Securing proper order in the halls of their respective buildings.
SEC. 4. Teachers shall keep a careful record of all books loaned
by the board to pupils; see that such books are neatly labeled and
covered, and that no names are written in them, and that, when the
pupils leave School, the books are left at the school house. Teachers
will be held responsible for the care and keeping of all books loaned
in their schools.
SEC. 5. Teachers are required to be in their respective rooms at the
ringing of the first bell, both forenoon and afternoon; they shall not
permit disorder or unnecessary noise in their rooms at any time, nor
allow pupils to remain in their rooms except in their presence, or
under such regulations for securing order as are approved by the
Superintendent.
SEC. 6. Teachers in the several schools shall keep such record in
respect to attendance, recitations, and other things, as are pre-
scribed by the Board of Education, and shall make monthly returns
to the Superintendent, according to blanks furnished for that pur-
pose. Failure to render such monthly report, when due, shall be
regarded sufficient reason for with holding the monthly payment of
wages for one month.
SEC. 7. It shall be the duty of the principal of each ward school to
exercise a general supervision, during School hours, over the build-
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 75
ing, grounds, etc.; to secure uniformity in opening and closing Schools
and to receive and communicate the instructions of the Superinten-
dent relating to such school. Such teacher shall also report to the
Superintendent, injuries committed by pupils, or neglect of duty on
the part of janitors. - -
SEC. 8. Teachers shall not allow their time or that of their pupils,
to be occupied, during School hours, by book agents or exhibition
men, nor shall they permit the circulation, through their schools, of
handbills or notices not connected with the school matters, except
by the previous consent of the Superintendent.
SEC. 9. For a wilful or persistent violation of rules, for unfitness
or incompetency, the board reserves the right to dismiss a teacher
at any time. .
SEC. 10. The teachers are required to attend promptly and regu-
larly the monthly teachers' meetings, and all other teachers' meet-
ings which may be called by the Superin tendent.
SEC. 11. Teachers are required to open their schools at the pre-
cise hour and minute appointed, and to dismiss with equal prompt-
ness, at the appointed inour: Provided, That nothing in this rule
shall be so construed as to prevent the detention of pupils after
school for a reasonable time, when, in the judgment of the teacher, it
be necessary, either for the purpose of discipline, or to make up
neglected lessons. .
SEC. 12. When the parent requests it, it shall be the duty of the
teacher to give notice of the absence of any pupil at the close of
schoo!, morning and afternoon, every day.
SEC 13. Teachers shall use the utmost care to promote the
health and comfort of their pupils, and especially to protect them
from cold and exposure.
SEC. 14. No teacher shall be considered employed by the Board
of Education of the city of Alpena, or entitled to draw pay, until he
or she shall have entered into a contract, executed in duplicate, and
after the follo wing form:
76 * ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
TEACHER'S CONTRACT.
It is hereby contracted and agreed, between the Union School Dis-
trict of the city of Alpena, county of Alpena, and State of Michigan,
of the first part, and ... a legally qualified teacher in said district, of
the second part, as follows: . -
1st. The said party of the second part agrees to serve as teacher
in the public schools of said district, for the term of..... months,
beginning on the . . . . day of.... A. D. 18.., unless this contract is
sooner terminated, in the manner hereinafter provided. Said second
party, during the continuance of this contract, agrees faithfully to
observe and enforce the rules and regulations established by the
|Board of Education of said district. -
2d. In consideration for which services well and faithfully
rendered, the said district agrees to pay the aforesaid teacher the
sum of... dollars per month, payable on the first Saturday of each
month.
3d. It is expressly agreed and understood, that either of the
parties to this contract may terminate the same upon giving the
other party fifteen days' notice, in writing, of said termination. The
The annulment by the Board of Education, of the certificate held by
said second party, or said certificate expiring before the expiration
of the term above stated, shall also be deemed a termination of this
COntraCt. - -
In witness whereof, the parties hereto, (said district by the Presi-
dent and Secretary of the Board of Education thereof) have this day
executed this contract in duplicate. -
Dated Alpena, . . . . . . . 18, .
tº e º e º e º sº tº e º & e º a . . . . . President.
...Secretary.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Teacher.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 77
PART VI.
PUPILS.
SEC. l. Pupils are expected to commence their attendance
promptly at the beginning of each term, and are required to be
regular and punctual in their attendance; to conform to the regula–
tions of the school, and to obey promptly all the directions of the
teachers; to observe good order and propriety of deportment; to be
diligent in study, respectful to teachers, and kind and obliging to
school-mates; to refain entirely from the use of profane or improper
language, and to be clean and neat In person and attire.
SEC. 2. Pupils are required to attend the school within the limits
of which they reside: Provided, The grades to which they belong
are taught in that school.
SEC. 3. Pupils are forbidden to throw stones, snow-balls, or
missiles of any kind, upon the school grounds, or in the vicinity of
the school buildings. -
SEC. 4. Upon entering School, pupils must enter such department
and pursue such studies as the Superintendent shall direct, provide
themselves with such books and apparatus as are used by their
classes, sit in such seats and use such places in the wardrobe as the
teacher may assign them. º
SEC. 5. Pupils shall not go from one school to another, without
permission from the Superintendent.
SEC, 6. No pupil shall be permitted to remain in the school who
is afflicted with, or has been exposed to, any contagious disease,
until such time as all danger therefrom has passed,
SEC. 7. Pupils shall not collect around the school before the first
bell rings; and pupils who desire to remain in the School room at
noon, shall first get permission from the Superintendent, and shall
be subject to such restrictions as he or the teacher may impose, and
shall in all cases be held responsible for damage done to the room or
its contents, and for any disorder or misplacement of books or furni-
ture.
78 - ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SEC. 8. Pupils must leave the school premises and the vicinity of
the school buildings, both at noon and night, unless otherwise per-
mitted by the teacher; must not bring to the school, books, periodi-
cals or papers foreign to the purpose of study; must not relinquish
any study which may have been commenced, without the consent of
the Superintendent, and must endeavor to keep clean the school room
and yard attached to the building. -
SEC. 9. Any pupil who is habitually tardy or truant, or guilty of
open disobedience or insubordination, or who indulges in the use of
profane or improper language, or who makes use of tobacco in any
form during school hours or on the school grounds between the
ringing of the bells, or whose general conduct is injurious, shall be
suspended by the Superintendent. -
SEC. 10. Worthy pupils, whose parents or guardians are poor,
and make application to the Superintendent, shall oe furnished with
books, upon the recommendation of the President of the board, on
loan, at the expense of the district, the teacher being held respon-
sible for the return of such books to the Superintendent, at the close
of the term.
SEC. 11. ABSENCE FROM EXAMINATION.—Any pupil who shall
absent binnself from any examination of the class to which he
belongs, without permission of the teacher, or who fails to render
sufficient czcuse for his absence, shall not be allowed to return to
school, or to enter any other public School of the city, without the
consent of the Superintendent.
SEC. 12. PENALTY FOR INJURY OF PROPERTY BY PUPIIs. –Pupils
who shall be guilty of defacing or injuring any of the school property
whatever, shall pay in full for all damages, in default of which they
shall be suspended from the School, and be re–admitted only by
permission of the Superintendent or of the board. The damages
shall be assessed by the teacher of the school, in consultation with
the Superintendent, and the fine paid to the Treasurer.
SEC. 13. TARDIN ESS. — Pupils are to be marked tardy who enter
their respective rooms after the ringing of the last bell.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 79
SEC. 14, Any pupil who shall be absent or tardy, without an
excuse from the parent or guardian, given either in person or by
written note at the first or second session after the tardiness occurs,
or after the return of the absent pupil, shall forfeit his or her seat in
the school. Pupils thus suspended shall not be restored to the
school until the parent or guardian shall satisfy the Superintendent
that said pupils will be punctual in future, and obtain from him
written permission for their return.
SEC. 15, When any pupil fails to bring an excuse at the first
session after bis tardiness occurs, or in case of absence, at the first
session after he returns to school, the teacher shall send to the
parent or guardian a written notice of this fact.
SEc. 16. NoTIFICATION TO PARENTS.–In all cases of suspension
or expulsion from the schools, the parent or guardian shall be im-
mediately notified, personally or by written note, of such suspension
or expulsion, and of the cause of the same.
SEC. 17. Pupils who absent themseves from school to avoid being
tardy shall be regarded as truants. .
SEC. 18. These and other more special rules that may be
announced from time to time by the Superintendent or teachers,
must be carefully obeyed, and any pupil who repeatedly violates
them, will not be allowed the privileges of the public schools.
PART VII.
RULES FOR THE LIBRARY.
SEC. 1. The Library shall be open on all days, except iegal holi-
days, from 8 o'clock A. M. to 5 o'clock P. M., and Tuesday, Thursday
and Saturday evenings from 7 to 9 o'clock P. M. -
SEC. 2. Any resident of the city of Alpena, above the age of
twelve years, may be allowed to draw books from the Library upon
signing an agreement on form furnished by the Librarian, and upon
furnishing a responsible surety residing within the city of Alpena.
Every resident paying city taxes may become surety for himself-or
80 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
members of his own household. The Librarian and attendants are
not allowed to become surety for anyone outside of their own family.
SEC. 3. Each person entitled to draw books from the Library
will be supplied with a card inscribed with his or her register num-
ber. This card must be produced whenever a book is taken, renew -
ed or returned. Immediate notice of change of residence must be
given to the Ilibrarian. The registered holder is in all cases responsible
for books drawn by means of his card. In case a card is lost, the Card-
holder should report such loss to the Librarian, and fifteen days (the
time required to stop its use in other hands) must elapse after such
notice is given before another card of the same nu mber can be
given. -
SEC. 4. No holder of a card shall be allowed without special per -
mission to have more than one volume at a time. And no person
shall lend his or her card, or book, to one not a member of the same
household. The holder of a card having fines or losses charged
against him must make the same good before drawing another
book.
SEC. 5. Books may be retained fourteen days and may be once
renewed for the same period of time. Applications for renewal must
be made within the first fourteen days.
SEC. 6. Notices shall be sent to delinquents through the mail on
the first day after their book is due. If the book is not returned
within one month after serving the first notice, it may at the option
of the Librarian, be treated as lost, who shall then proceed to collect
the value of the same. If any volume lost or injured forms part of
a set, the whole set shall be replaced by the person liable, he taking
the damaged set.
SEC. 7. Writing in books, turning down leaves, and all other
injuries to books beyond reasonable wear, are prohibited, and all
injuries shall be promptly adjusted to the Satisfaction of the
Librarian. The trespasser is also subject to the penalties imposed
by the state laws passed for the protection of public libraries.
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 8 |
SEC. 8. A fine of three cents per day shall be paid on each volume
which is not returned according to the provisions of the proceding
rules. And no book can be delivered to the person incurring the
fine till it is paid.
SEC. 9, The librarian is forbidden to use her official position to
confer upon her friends any favors or advantages not accorded to all
users of the library. . . -
SEc. 10. Encyclopedias, dictionaries and other books of reference,
and such books as are unsuited for general circulation, can be con-
sulted at the “Reading Table.”
SEC. 11. All persons of such orderly conduct as not to interfere
with the occupation and comfort of others, shall, during all regular
hours, have free use of the periodicals in the reading room, and
the books of the library for use in the building.
SEC. 12. When any periodical or yolume from the library is
wanted for use at the Reading Table, its title, together with the
name and residence of the borrower, must be written on a slip pro-
vided for tuat purpose and left with the attendant at the desk.
Every periodical and book received must be returned by the
borrower before leaving the library.
SEC. 13. Teachers in the central building may be allowed to draw
more than one book at a time for use in their rooms, and retain them
four weeks, if mecessary. -
PART VIII.
QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS,
Src. 1 For the purpose of examination of all persons who may
offer themselves as candidates for certificates of qualification to teach
in the schools of this city, there shall be held examinations at such
times as may be determined by the Board of Education.
SEC. 2. Certificates of qualification to teach in the Primary
department shall be granted to such persons of good moral character
who shall pass a satisfactory examination in the following branches:
Orthography, Reading, Geography, Arithmetic, U. S. History,
Grammar, Physiology, Theory and Practice of Teaching
82 ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Certificates of qualification to teach in the Grammar department
shall be granted to all persons of good moral character who shall
pass a satisfactory examination in all the branches required for a
Primary certificate, and also in Physical Geography and Civil Gov-
ernment. &
Certificates of qualification to teach in the High school shall be
granted to all persons of good moral character who shall pass a Satis-
factorv examination in all the branches required for a Grainmar
grade certificate, and also in such branches as they may be required
to teach in the High School.
Certificates may be granted without examination to pupil–teachers
in the Training school, on the recommendation of the Training
teacher, and also to teachers holding diplomas from the University
of Michigan, or from the State Normal school. -
SEC. 3. The examination shall be conducted by the Committee
on Examinations, and they shall make a report of the result of each
examination to the board, at the first meeting held thereafter. The
board shall thereupon determine who are entitled to certificates.
All certificates shall be issued by the President and Secretary, under
instructions from the board, and all certificates so issued shall be
valid during the time that the holder remains in the public schools
of this city: Provided, That the Committee on Examinations may at
any time require teachers to make thorough preparations in any of
the branches mentioned in Section 2, or in any other branch, and
after reasonable notices require them to pass an examination in the
same; the number of such branches in which examination may be
held not to exceed three in any one year.
PART IX.
SEC. 1. All regulations heretofore adopted by the Board of Edu-
cation, in any way conflicting with these regulations, are hereby
repealed.
SEC. 2. These regulations shall not be altered, amended or res-
cinded, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the
ALPENA PUBLIC SCHOOLS. sº 83
board elect, and also unless notice of such prosposed
change shall have been given at a previons regular meeting.
SEC. 3. On all questions involving the expenditure of moneys, a
call vote by yeas and nays shall be taken, and no moneys shall be
drawn from the treasury on any motion or resolution, except by a
majority vote of all the members elect.
SEC. 4. The rules of order and practice to govern the delibera-
tions of this board, shall be such as laid down in “Roberts’ Manual,”
so called.
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§§ov6 &#625 169