U.S. Bureau of mines Tuel-efficiency publ. 1913 CHEM. LIB. Z 5524 T253 U58 1913 B 400046 DUPL 3-46 UNIV. OF MICHIGAN, APR 25 1918 Chemical Library Z 5524 T253 058 1913 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. BUREAU OF MINES. JOSEPH A. HOLMES, DIRECTOR. FUEL-EFFICIENCY PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF MINES. March, 1913. A limited edition of the publications of the Bureau of Mines relating to efficiency in the use of fuels is printed for free distribution. Under the law no person can obtain more than one copy of any publication. These publications of the Bureau of Mines are divided into two classes-bulletins and technical papers. Bulletins contain the results of investigations conducted by the Bureau of Mines and are of interest to mechanical engineers and all persons who give attention to the engineering problems of fuel utilization. The technical papers are, as a rule, preliminary reports, giving the more important results that are obtained in the investigations and are usually followed by the complete investigation in bulletin form. They are of interest to the same classes of individuals as are the bulletins, but cover a wider field in that some of them appeal to all persons who are interested in fuel consumption. In ordering publications, please designate them by number and title. Requests for all publications of the bureau can not be granted. All communications should be addressed to THE DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF MINES, WASHINGTON, D. C. Those who are interested in the Bureau of Mines publications and wish to obtain advance notices of the bulletins and other papers to be issued are requested to notify the Director, in order that their names and addresses may be entered upon the mailing list. The following publications are still available for free distribution: BULLETINS. Bulletin 1. The volatile matter of coal, by H. C. Porter and F. K. Ovitz. 1910. 56 pp., 1 pl., 9 figs. Discusses briefly the composition of the volatile matter of several typical American coals and the amonnt given off at different temperatures. Bulletin 2. North Dakota lignite as a fuel for power-plant boilers, by D. T. Randall and Henry Kreisinger. 1910. 42 pp., 1 pl., 7 figs. Gives results of steaming tests at Williston, N. Dak., in a boiler plant having furnaces of special design. Of interest to mechanical engineers and to users of lignite. 75539°-13 2 FUEL-EFFICIENCY PUBLICATIONS OF BUREAU OF MINES. Bulletin 3. The coke industry of the United States as related to the foundry, by Richard Moldenke. 1910. 32 pp. Calls attention to the waste in coke making, points out how coke can be used to best advantage in the cupola, and suggests improvements in foundry practice. Bulletin 4. Features of producer-gas power-plant development in Europe, by R. H. Fernald. 1910. 27 pp., 4 pls., 7 figs. Briefly summarizes some features of gas-producer practice with particular reference to the use of low- grade fuels. Bulletin 5. Washing and coking tests of coal at the fuel-testing plant, Denver, Colo., July 1, 1908, to June 30, 1909, by A. W. Belden, G. R. Delamater, J. W. Groves, and K. M. Way. 1910. 62 pp., 1 fig. Describes methods and results. Most of the coals tested were from coal fields in the Rocky Mountain province. Bulletin 6. Coals available for the manufacture of illuminating gas, by A. H. White Sand Perry Barker. 1911. 77 pp., 4 pls., 12 figs. Gives details of experiments conducted with coals from 11 States to determine the value of each coal as a source of illuminating gas. Bulletin 7. Essential factors in the formation of producer gas, by J. K. Clement, L. H. Adams, and C. N. Haskins. 1911. 58 pp., 1 pl., 16 figs. Describes laboratory experiments bearing on the rate of formation of carbon monoxide at high tem- peratures and the effect of temperature on the rate of formation and the composition of water gas. Indicates how the results of the tests apply to the operation of boiler furnaces and gas producers. Bulletin 8. The flow of heat through furnace walls, by W. T. Ray and Henry Kreisinger. 1911. 1911. 32 pp., 19 figs. Describes experiments that show that a furnace wall with an air space offers less resistance to heat flow than a solid wall of the same thickness. Discusses the laws of heat transmission. Bulletin 12. Apparatus and methods for the sampling and analysis of furnace gases, by J. C. W. Frazer and E. J. Hoffman. 1911. 22 pp., 6 figs. Describes methods of taking "continuous" and "instantaneous" samples and the special apparatus designed for such sampling. Bulletin 13. Résumé of producer-gas investigations, October 1, 1904, to June 30, 1910, by R. H. Fernald and C. D. Smith. 1911. 393 pp., 12 pls., 250 figs. Summarizes the results of producer-gas investigations at the Government fuel-testing plants. Inci- dentally discusses gas-producer development in this country and in Europe. Is intended especially for mechanical engineers and power-plant officials interested in gas-producer design and in the operation of gas producers on the coals available at different points in the United States. Bulletin 14. Briquetting tests of lignite at Pittsburgh, Pa., 1908-9, with a chapter on sulphite-pitch binder, by C. L. Wright. 1911. 64 pp., 11 pls., 4 figs. Describes the lignites tested and the briquetting plant; gives results of the tests, and presents a statement of the probable cost of briquetting lignite on a commercial scale. Bulletin 16. The uses of peat for fuel and other purposes, by C. A. Davis. 1911. 214 pp., 1 pl., 1 fig. Summarizes recent developments in the utilization of peat. Treats of the origin and formation of peat, its fuel value, and the manufacture of peat fuel. Also summarizes progress in utilizing peat for other purposes. Bulletin 18. The transmission of heat into steam boilers, by Henry Kreisinger and W. T. Ray. 1912. 180 pp., 78 figs. A technical discussion of the factors affecting the capacity and efficiency of steam boilers. Presents the results of numerous tests, and a mathematical treatment of the theory of heat transmission through boiler tubes. Bulletin 19. Physical and chemical properties of the petroleums of the San Joaquin Valley, Cal., by I. C. Allen and W. A. Jacobs, with a chapter on analyses of natural gas from the southern California oil fields, by G. A. Burrell, 1911. 60 pp., 2 pls., 10 figs. Briefly states the methods used by the Bureau of Mines in determining the heating value and other properties of the fuel products derived from the petroleums mentioned, and gives the results of the examina- tion of a large number of samples. Also describes an electric still adapted for difficult distillations, and briefly summarizes the methods used in analyzing natural gas. Bulletin 21. The significance of drafts in steam-boiler practice, by W. T. Ray and Henry Kreisinger. 64 pp., 26 figs. Discusses the factors that govern the flow of air through fuel beds and boilers, and the capacity of boilers. Written for the information of power-plant engineers and designers of boilers. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 367. FUEL-EFFICIENCY PUBLICATIONS OF BUREAU OF MINES. 3 Bulletin 23. Steaming tests of coals and related investigations, September 1, 1904, to December 31, 1908, by L. P. Breckenridge, Henry Kreisinger, and W. T. Ray. 1912. 380 pp., 2 pls., 94 figs. A comprehensive summary of tests at the Government fuel-testing plants at St. Louis, Mo., and Norfolk, Va. Is especially intended for mechanical engineers, designers of boiler plants, and persons interested in the efficient utilization of coal under boilers. Summarizes the results of 551 steaming tests with a wide variety of coals and several different types of boilers. Among the subjects discussed are the efficiencies of furnaces and boilers, and the relation of combustion, composition of the products of combustion, air supply, combustion of coal, the results of the tests, and the principles involved in the combustion of coal in boiler furnaces. Bulletin 24. Binders for coal briquets, by James E. Mills. 56 pp., 1 fig. Describes investigations made to determine the suitability of various substances as binders for coal briquets. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 343. Bulletin 27. Tests of coal and briquets as fuel for house-heating boilers, by D. T. Randall. 44 pp., 3 pls., 2 figs. Gives the results of tests and presents data for determining the relative value of fuels for use in house- heating boilers. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 366. Bulletin 28. Experimental work conducted in the chemical laboratory of the United States fuel-testing plant at St. Louis, Mo., January 1, 1905, to July 31, 1906, by N. W. Lord. 51 pp. Discusses factors affecting the accuracy of the analyses of coal by the methods used at the fuel-testing plant in St. Louis. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 323. Bulletin 29. The effect of oxygen in coal, by David White. 80 pp., 3 pls. Compares the composition, especially the oxygen content, of a large number of coals in its relation to the calorific value of a given coal. Discusses the causes of the variation in oxygen content and the relation of the original constituents of a coal to coking properties. Is intended for chemists, geologists, and fuel engineers. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 382. Bulletin 30. Briquetting tests at the United States fuel-testing plant, Norfolk, Va., 1907-8, by C. L. Wright. 41 pp., 9 pls. Describes the two types of presses used in the tests and the results obtained with 15 different coals. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 385. Bulletin 31. Incidental problems in gas-producer tests, by C. D. Smith, J. K. Clement, and H. A. Grine. 29 pp., 29 pp., 8 figs. Considers the factors affecting the proper length of gas-producer tests and the differences in temperature at different points in the fuel bed. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 393. Bulletin 32. Commercial deductions from comparisons of gasoline and alcohol tests of internal-combustion engines, by R. M. Strong. 38 pp. Summarizes deductions based on 2,000 tests of gasoline and alcohol. Reprint of United States Geo- logical Survey Bulletin 392. Bulletin 33. Comparative tests of run-of-mine and briquetted coal on the torpedo boat Biddle, by W. T. Ray and Henry Kreisinger. 50 pp., 10 figs. Describes the tests. Calls attention to the importance of large combustion space in burning smoky coals. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 403. Bulletin 34. Tests of run-of-mine and briquetted coal in a locomotive boiler, by W. T. Ray and Henry Kreisinger. 32 pp., 9 figs. Describes the tests. Gives suggestions as to possible methods of increasing the capacity of locomotive boilers. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 412. Bulletin 35. The utilization of fuel in locomotive practice, by W. F. M. Goss. 29 pp., 8 figs. Presents the results of tests bearing on the heat lost and utilized from the fuel burned. Gives some general conclusions as to the probable economies to be effected. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 402. Bulletin 37. Comparative tests of run-of-mine and briquetted coal on locomotives, including torpedo-boat tests, and some foreign specifications for briquetted fuel, by W. F. M. Goss. 58 pp., 4 pls., 35 figs. Discusses the use of briquets in Germany, Belgium, and France, and gives the results of some tests of a Pennsylvania bituminous coal. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 363. Bulletin 39. The smoke problem at boiler plants, a preliminary report, by D. T. Randall. 31 pp. Discusses conditions at boiler plants in the United States, the smoke ordinances of various cities, the factors that cause smoke, and the methods of smoke abatement. Revision of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 334, by S. B. Flagg. 4 FUEL-EFFICIENCY PUBLICATIONS OF BUREAU OF MINES. Bulletin 40. The smokeless combustion of coal in boiler furnaces, with a chapter on central heating plants, by D. T. Randall and H. W. Weeks. 188 pp., 40 figs. Describes results of an investigation of a large number of boiler plants in different cities. Gives details of the furnaces and boilers used at these plants and the methods of firing. Also gives the results of tests made by the Government fuel-testing plants at St. Louis, Mo., and Norfolk, Va., to determine the factors governing the production of smoke. Revision of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 373, by Henry Kreisinger. Bulletin 41. Government coal purchases under specifications, with analyses for the fiscal year 1909-10, by G. S. Pope, with a chapter on the fuel-inspection laboratory of the Bureau of Mines, by J. D. Davis, 1912. 97 pp., 3 pls., 9 figs. Discusses the value of coal as fuel, the advantages of definite specifications for purchasing coal, and the Government as a coal purchaser. Gives heating value of a large number of coals used at Government power plants, and the proximate analyses of most of these coals. Bulletin 43. Comparative fuel values of gasoline and denatured alcohol in internal- combustion engines, by R. M. Strong and Lauson Stone. 1912. 243 pp., 3 pls., 32 figs. A detailed statement of the results of 2,000 tests made to determine the comparative value of the two fuels for use in internal-combustion engines. Is a technical report written for mechanical engineers and persons interested in the utilization of liquid fuels. Bulletin 49. City smoke ordinances and smoke abatement, by S. B. Flagg. 1912. 55 pp. Mentions the factors affecting smoke abatement in cities and summarizes the salient features of the smoke ordinances of 28 cities in the United States. Presents form of ordinance suggested for large city and for small city. Bulletin 63. Sampling coal deliveries and types of Government specifications for the purchase of coal, by Geo. S. Pope. 1913. 68 pp., 4 pls., 3 figs. Describes in detail methods of sampling and reasons therefor; gives new specifications for the purchase of coal by the Government. TECHNICAL PAPERS. Technical Paper 1. The sampling of coal in the mine, by J. A. Holmes. 1911. 18 pp., 1 fig. Describes the sampling methods and the sampling outfit devised by the United States Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines. Technical Paper 2. The escape of gas from coal, by H. C. Porter and F. K. Ovitz. 1911. 14 pp., 1 fig. Presents the results of an investigation of the rate of escape of gas from several coals while kept in bottles. Discusses the significance of the results as bearing on mine ventilation and the storage of coal. Technical Paper 3. Specifications for the purchase of fuel oil for the Government, with directions for sampling oil and natural gas, by I. C. Allen. 1911. 13 pp. Gives the specifications prepared by the Bureau of Mines and the methods of sampling used by the bureau. Technical Paper 5. Constituents of coal soluble in phenol, by J. C. W. Frazer and E. J. Hoffman. 1912. 20 pp., 1 pl. A preliminary technical statement of an investigation of the chemical compounds in coal. Describes the compounds obtained by extracting coal with phenol and isolating fractions by the use of different solvents. Technical Paper 8. Methods of analyzing coal and coke, by F. M. Stanton and A. C. Fieldner. 1912. 21 pp., 5 figs. Gives methods used by the Bureau of Mines for analyzing coal and coke for determining heating value and specific gravity. Technical Paper 9. The status of the gas producer and of the internal-combustion engine in the utilization of fuels, by R. H. Fernald. 1912. 42 pp., 6 figs. Relates the progress in the application of the gas producer to commercial uses, and in the development of gas power. Technical Paper 10. Liquefied products of natural gas, their properties and uses, by I. C. Allen and G. A. Burrell. 1912. 23 pp. Briefly discusses the liquefaction of certain constituents of natural gas, the results of some experiments and the properties of the products obtained. Technical Paper 16. Deterioration and spontaneous combustion of coal in storage, a preliminary report, by H. C. Porter and F. K. Ovitz. 1912. 14 pp. Reviews opinions regarding the deterioration and spontaneous heating of coal; briefly describes investi- gations, which showed that for many coals the loss in heating value by the escape of volatile matter is much less than has been generally supposed, and that fine subdivision and alternate wetting and drying facilitate spontaneous heating. FUEL-EFFICIENCY PUBLICATIONS OF BUREAU OF MINES. LO 5 Technical Paper 20. The slagging type of gas producer, with a brief report of pre- liminary tests, by C. D. Smith. 1912. 14 pp., 1 pl. Discusses briefly some experiments with a special producer designed for fluxing the ash and removing it as liquid slag. Technical Paper 25. Methods for the determination of water in petroleum and its products, by I. C. Allen and W. A. Jacobs. 1912. 13 pp., 2 figs. Describes methods used by different chemists and the method adopted by the Bureau of Mines. Technical Paper 26. Methods for the determination of the sulphur content of fuels, especially petroleum products, by I. C. Allen and I. W. Robertson. 1912. 13 pp., 1 fig. Describes methods used by different chemists and the method adopted by the Bureau of Mines. Apparatus for the exact analysis of flue gas, by G. A. Bur- 1913. 12 pp., 1 fig. Technical Paper 31. rell and F. M. Seibert. Technical Paper 36. by I. C. Allen. 1913. The preparation of specifications for petroleum products, 12 pp. PUBLICATIONS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED ONLY THROUGH THE SUPER- INTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The editions for free distribution of the following publications are exhausted, but copies may be obtained by purchase from the Super- intendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., or can be consulted at public libraries. Prepayment of the price is required and should be made in cash (exact amount) or by postal or express money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents. All communications for these publications should be addressed to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The Superintendent of Documents is an official of the Government Printing Office and is not connected with the Bureau of Mines. BULLETINS. [Published by the Bureau of Mines.] Bulletin 9. Recent development of the producer-gas power plant in the United States, by R. H. Fernald. 82 pp., 2 pls., 15 cents. Discusses the opinions of owners and manufacturers on the efficiency of such plants and gives a list of installations in the United States. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 416. Bulletin 11. The purchase of coal by the Government under specifications, with analyses of coal delivered for the fiscal year 1908-9, by G. S. Pope. 80 pp. Describes the Government's plan of purchasing coal under specifications and the methods of sampling and testing; gives the form of specification used and many analyses of coals. Reprint of United States Geological Survey Bulletin 428. 10 cents. OTHER FUEL PUBLICATIONS. [Published by the United States Geological Survey.] The law creating the Federal Bureau of Mines in the Department of the Interior, which became effective July 1, 1910, transferred to the new bureau the investigations of fuels as carried on by the tech- nologic branch of the United States Geological Survey. With the transfer of the investigations the bureau assumed the distribution of the Geological Survey publications relating to these investigations. The following publications, having become ex- hausted, may be obtained by purchase from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices affixed. PROFESSIONAL PAPER. 48. Report on the operations of the coal-testing plant of the United States Geological Survey at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904; E. W. Parker, J. A. Holmes, M. R. Campbell, committee in charge, 1906. (In three parts.) 1492 pp., 13 pls. $1.50. 7 8 CO PUBLICATIONS FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. BULLETINS. 261. Preliminary report on the operations of the coal-testing plant of the United States Geological Survey at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., 1904; E. W. Parker, J. A. Holmes, M. R. Campbell, committee in charge. 1905.. 172 pp. 10 cents. 290. Preliminary report on the operations of the fuel-testing plant of the United States Geological Survey at St. Louis, Mo., 1905, by J. A. Holmes. 1906. 240 pp. 20 cents. 325. A study of 400 steaming tests made at the fuel-testing plant, St. Louis, Mo., 1904, 1905, and 1906, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1907. 196 pp. 20 cents. 332. Report of the United States fuel-testing plant at St. Louis, Mo., January 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907; J. A. Holmes in charge. 1908. 299 pp. 25 cents. 336. Washing and coking tests of coal and cupola tests of coke, by Richard Mol- denke, A. W. Belden, and G. R. Delamater, 1908. 76 pp. 10 cents. 339. The purchase of coal under Government and commercial specifications on the basis of its heating value, with analyses of coal delivered under Govern- ment contracts, by D. T. Randall. 1908. 27 pp. 5 cents. 362. Mine sampling and chemical analyses of coals tested at the United States fuel- testing plant, Norfolk, Va., 1907, by J. S. Burrows. 1908. 23 pp. 5 cents. 368. Washing and coking tests of coal at Denver, Colo., by A. W. Belden, G. R. Delamater, and J. W. Groves. 1909. 54 pp., 2 pls. 10 cents. 376. Peat deposits of Maine, by E. S. Bastin and C. A. Davis. 1909. 127 pp., 3 pls. 20 cents. 378. Results of purchasing coal under Government specifications, by J. S. Burrows. Burning the small sizes of anthracite for heat and power purposes, by D. T. Randall, 1909. 44 pp. 10 cents. O WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1913 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 07504 6865