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I N L) E X.
W. and J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms
Haye's Improvements in Looms for Weaving & G
Harrison, Oddie, Eaves, and Graham's Improvements in Machinery for the
Preparation of Yarns or Threads ... tº dº ºr
Kershaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving * @ tº
Collier and Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving
Nickels and Hobson's Improvements in Weaving Piled Fabrics ...
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms & tº tº
Dobson's Improvements in Looms for Weaving ge tº e • * *
Walmsley and Day's Improvements in Looms for Weaving e
Atherton and Kinlock's Improvements in Machinery for Preparin
Dressing Yarns tº dº ſº • * tº gº tº * † g
Chevron and De Roulet's Improvements in Looms for Weaving ...
g and
Buchanan's Improvements in the Manufacture of Heddles for Looms ...
Willan and Mills' Improvements in Looms for Weaving
Shaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving tº tº ſº. gº gº tº
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving
Newton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving tº gº gº
Stansfield and Greenwood's Improvements in Power Looms
1854
lºw transfer freha
Pat. Oºrce i49,
April 1914,
I 0
I 5
*...*.*.*.*, *, *, * * ~~~ *-* AL”. A 2-vº-
& º zºº º Aº Aº Aº Aº, º Aº Aº Aº
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 1771.
Power Looms.
LETTERS PATENT to William Todd, of Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and Jacob Todd, of the same Place, Overlooker,
for the Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Power Looms FoE
WEAVING."
Sealed the 9th February 1855, and dated the 14th August 1854,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Todd and Jacob
Todd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th August 1854.
We, WILLIAM ToDD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turer, and JACOB ToDD, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Power Looms FoR
WEAving” to be as follows:— -
The advantages gained by our improvements over the looms at present
in use are simplicity and lightness of construction, a great saving of space,
economy in the first cost as well as in working, and greater durability,
inasmuch as a considerable amount of friction attendant on the particular
formation of the looms at present in use is saved. By our improvements we
dispense entirely with treadles, lambs, tappet shaft, tappets, cross rail, picking
shaft, change wheels, and levers and weights, and in lieu thereof substitute
other contrivances, which we will proceed to describe under several heads.
First, as regards the “picking motion" on the driving shaft.—At the opposite

2
A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. Provisional
Specification.
W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
end to the driving pulley is a cog wheel, working into a second cog wheel,
which carries on its short shaft a small excentric; this is connected to a lever,
having at its lower end a rack traversing a small pinion. This gives motion to a
light longitudinal shaft, at each end of which is placed a vertical connecting rod,
acted upon by an excentric on the longitudinal shaft; in the partial revolution
of this shaft and excentric, the connecting rod elevates a small vertical shaft,
bearing at its head a cross pin; on the sword is secured a similar shaft and
cross pin, but having at its lower end a segmental plate, on the surface of
which is secured a strap, and connected at the other end to the picking rod.
It will now be evident, that upon each revolution of the driving shaft the small
cam depresses the rack, which causes the small pinion and longitudinal shaft
partially to revolve; the small cam on this shaft now elevates the vertical
connecting rod, which in its turn gives an upward motion to the cross pin;
simultaneous with this motion the crank on the driving shaft has brought
the slay and sword arm back, on which is mounted the second cross pin, which
by coming in contact with the now opposing pin, is compelled with its shaft
and segmental plate to take a sudden rotary movement thereby. By the aid
of the connecting strap and picking lath propelling on the shuttle, of course
the above motions are on each side are alternately given. Secondly, as
regards the working of the healds.-Our improvements consist in placing on
the longitudinal shaft (to which motion is given by the rack and pinion before
described), two double pulleys, under which straps run, and are connected to
the lower laths of the healds; the upper laths are suspended by cords running
over two small pulleys fixed to the top framing. Thirdly, in the improvements in
grates for the forks to work in.—The grates we form of a solid piece of metal,
and much less size than those at present in use. The forks we gain greater
regidity and certainty of action in by tapping the forked pieces, which are not
bent, into a small projection cast on the click piece and opposite to the click.
Fourthly, our improvements consist in the application of a self-acting spring
bearer or presser, placed near the warp roller, for giving a proper degree of
tension to the yarn as the action of the healds vary it. Fifthly, in a taking-up
wheel, which is so constituted as to render unnecessary all change wheels, and
with a slight modification may be applied either horizontally or vertically. It
consists of a series of concentric circles, and by shifting the ratchet or tooth
from one of less diameter to one of greater, or vice versa, any variation in
the number of picks may be obtained. Sixthly, in the method of holding the
“reed.”—We dispense with back and front spring roller plate and finger, and
simply employ a small indented fitting, secured to the front framing of the
loom; with a finger traversing underneath with the slay, the warp beam will be
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s: A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. 3
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W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
placed entirely within the loom, and in the space occupied by seven looms at
present in work, we are enabled by the adaptation of our improvements to
place eight looms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Todd and Jacob Todd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th February 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ToDD and JACOB ToDD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, Her especial licence that we,
the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Power Looms FoR
WEAVING,” upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Todd and Jacob Todd, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Todd, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
Our improvements consist in the application, employment, and use of
various adaptations of machinery or apparatus in power looms for weaving,
whereby we are enabled to obtain simplicity and lightness of construction, a
great saving of space, economy in the first cost of the machine as well as in
after working, and greater durability, inasmuch as a considerable amount of
4. A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. Specification.
W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
friction attendant on the particular formation of power looms at present in use
is saved. By the employment of our improvements we are enabled to dispense
entirely with treadles, lamms, tappet shaft, tappets, cross rail, picking shaft,
change wheels, and levers and weights. In lieu thereof we substitute such
improvements as we will hereafter describe under the several following
heads:—First, the “picking motion"; secondly, the “taking-up" wheel and its
gearing, &c., whereby we dispense entirely with change wheels; thirdly, the
method of working the healds; fourthly, our improvements in “forks" and
“grates" for detecting the absence of the weft; fifthly, the method of
holding and releasing the “reed "; sixthly, a self-acting spring bearer for
warp; seventhly, a new adaptation of a check strap to the picking rods;
and, lastly, the method of controlling or regulating the friction band of the
warp beam. In order that these various improvements may be better under-
stood and explained in detail, we have hereunto attached three Sheets of
Drawings, having marked on corresponding parts of the machinery or apparatus
similar letters of reference throughout. The Figures on Sheet 1 are made
upon a scale of two inches to the foot; those on Sheet 2 are made one quarter
full size. In Sheet 1, Fig. I represents a front or longitudinal elevation of
our improved power loom, and Fig. 2 exhibits a side or transverse elevation
of the same. We will now proceed with reference to the Drawings hereunto
attached to describe the action of our several improvements in the order as
herein-before enumerated. First, as regards the “picking motion,” which is
communicated from the driving pulley a, as usual, to the crank shaft b. On this
shaft is secured a small cog wheel c, gearing into another cog wheel double its
size d'; in a slot on this wheel a connecting arm e is secured, and at its lower
extremity is fastened to and works in a slot formed on the lever f; the lever f
at one end works freely on a stud, secured to the side framing, and carrying at
its other end a segmental plate g, over which plays vertically up and down
alternately two straps h, h, each at one end fastened thereto; these straps are
secured to a small drum j, to which they impart a reciprocating motion; the
light shaft k of this drum j extends longitudinally across the framing of the
loom, and at each end outside the framing carries a small excentric l, l; on
these excentrics are mounted two connecting levers m, m, in such a manner
that they may be alternately elevated, each lever m at its upper extremity
being secured to and operating upon a small vertical shaft n, furnished at its
upper part or head with a cross pin 0, bevilled at one end; this small vertical
shaft n is made by the action of the connecting lever m to slide up and down
in a suitable fitting, securely fixed to the side framing, the sliding part being
made square to ensure greater firmness or rigidity of action. It will be now
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. s
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W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
necessary to describe the opposing portion of the machinery or apparatus
which communicates immediately the propulsive action to the picking rod.
Behind the lathe sword arm is secured a fitting p, having projections which
carry and encircle a vertical rod or bar q; this bar q is furnished at its upper
end with a cross pin r, similar to the cross pin of at the lower end of the rod
or bar q is a second small segmental plate 8, on which one end of a shaft t is
secured, the other end being connected with the picking rod w. It will now
be evident that as motion is communicated from the crank shaft through
the gearing c and d, and the connecting arm e to the lever f, the lever f must
necessarily be caused to rise and fall alternately; this lever will by aid of the
segmental plate and straps h, h, communicate a reciprocating motion to the
drum and light shaft k, the effect of which is to elevate and depress the cross
pin 0, by means of the small excentric l and the intermediate connecting
pieces m and n. At the instant that it may be necessary for the shuttle to be
propelled along its race, the cross pin o is elevated to such a position as to
come into contact or oppose the cross pin r, secured upon the retreating sword;
the effect produced is the depression or forcing round of the cross pin r, and
subsequent entire quitting or separating of the pins, and consequently of the
small segmental plate s, and with it the requisite accompanying motion of the
picking rod, and the necessary rapid propulsion of the shuttle. As regards
the “taking-up" wheel, &c., we employ a wheel or disc, having upon one or
both of its sides a series of concentric circles of check or click teeth, each circle
of teeth of course representing a different number of picks. By this arrange-
ment (instead of, as is at present, the usual method of employing a number
of “change wheels,” whereby heavy expense is incurred, and much room
occupied,) we have but to shift a click, working directly or indirectly from
the lathe sword, or any other suitable moving part of the machine or appa-
ratus, from one of the concentric circles to another, to gain any required end
to which this part of our Invention is applicable. Besides being seen in both
the Figures of Sheet 1, Fig. 1, Sheet 2 is fully illustrative of our improved
“taking-up" motion, and represents a top or plan view of the same. a' is
the change wheel, with six concentric circles of click teeth; and b is the click
(jointed) working in them, and supported by the short shaft c', secured to the
framing on the shaft. c is a slotted projecting piece d', operated upon by a
moveable arm el, secured to the lathe sword, from which it receives its motion.
It will be seen now that as the sword advances, the arm e' advances the slotted
piece d', causing a partial revolution of the short shaft cº, and a similar
advance to be given to the jointed click b%, thereby pushing forward or partially
round the taking-up or concentric circled wheel or disc a'. This motion is
6 A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. Specification.
W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
communicated from the wheel a', through the pinion f°, the carrier wheel g’,
pinion h", and cog wheel g’, to the vertical shaft k", at the upper part of
which is the bevel pinion l', giving motion to the bevil wheel m', and thence
to the “taking-up" roller n'; but as it is necessary to secure the advance
of the “taking-up" wheel as it is made, we have placed upon the short
shaft cºa second click bºº, working loosely on the shaft, which retains all the
advance made by securing the “taking-up" wheel while the jointed click bº
is preparing to take another tooth; should it be necessary to alter the number
of picks, the small set screw m' has but to be loosened, and the jointed click b
shifted along the short shaft c' to whatever concentric circle of teeth may be
found suitable. The vertical shaft k", at the upper part of which is the
bevilled wheel and pinion l' and m', is for the purpose of and enables the
operative to wind on or slack off, as he may consider necessary and convenient.
The slide plate n° on the breast beam enables the operative to place the bevil
pinion and wheel in and out of gear, the under plate being slotted, to allow
space for the vertical shaft to move in ; the lower plate is furnished with two
holes to receive the pin o', which regulates the gearing distance. Acting with
apparatus (and seen at Fig. 1, Sheet 2,) which throws the loom out of action
when a weft thread breaks (or is otherwise absent), is a vertical lever p", which
operates upon the longitudinal rod q', the depression of which causes the
lower or second click bº to become elevated, and with it the upper click, by
this means allowing the operative to slack off.
In working the healds, we employ on the light longitudinal shaft k two pair
of circular discs or pullies, cast or secured together, the smaller one a”, a”,
bearing a proportion to the larger ones b”, bº, of about three to four; to each
of these pullies are secured straps cº, c*, c*, c*, and these again are re-secured
to the lower laths of the healds. On the top longitudinal cross piece of the
loom framing is secured two projecting brackets dº, d", carrying and having
freely working in them two pairs of bowls or pulleys e”, e”, similar to those
already described, and attached by similar means to the upper laths of the
healds. It will be recollected that the light longitudinal shaft k obtains its
motion from the segmental lever and straps h, h; the drum j now imparts its
reciprocating motion to the light shaft k, and thence to the healds through the
small bowls or pullies and straps, as herein-before described. Our improve-
ments relating to those portions of a power loom, known as “forks” and
“grates,” for detecting the absence of the weft thread, will be found more
fully illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2. a' represents the fork, the click
end and the opposite or butt end being cast in one, the forks or projecting
wires b” being unbent, and simply rivetted or tapped in, rendering them com-
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. 7
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W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
paratively easy of repair, more economical, and in consequence of the close
proximity of the fork to the fulcrum of the lever, the fork is rendered far
more sensitive to the action of the yarn. cº represents the “grate,” cast in
one solid piece, being cheaper in manufacture, and occupying considerable
less space than those at present employed. The method of holding and
releasing the reed is as follows:—On the interior of the “breast beam,” and in
any convenient situation, we secure a small pendant fitting a', (clearly illus-
trated in Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 2,) carrying upon it an indented piece of
metal b% projecting towards the slay. On the lathe sword arm a bent lever cº
plays and is supported, carrying at its lower extremity a pin or stud d”, which,
as the slay sways backward and forward, traverses beneath the indented piece
of metal bº. The other and upper extremity is secured to a lathe e”, extending
along the back of the chase of the shuttle; the lathe e' secures the shifting
reed to its proper position, but if by any means the shuttle is stayed in or
prevented accomplishing its traverse (it being borne in mind that while the
shuttle is within the shed, the pin or stud d" is under the indentation in the
piece of metal bº), the pressure of the yarns upon the shuttle force back the
reed, and confining the lathe", in consequence of the means of obstruction being
removed, by the stud d” rising freely through the indentation of the piece of
metal b%, thus accomplishing the freedom of the reed. The bent lever cºacts
upon a longitudinal bar, extending between the swords, and carrying connecting
arms therefrom to the lath e”. We employ a self-acting spring bearer for
the warp, which equalizes the tension of the yarns; at the back of the loom
and on each side of the inside of the framing we employ bent levers a”, a”,
working on studs or pins secured to the framing. At the top of these bent
levers a longitudinal bar b% runs, connecting and passing beneath the yarns; at
the lower ends of the bent levers springs cº, cº, are attached, and secured at the
opposite ends to the framing. When the yarns slacken, upon the shifting
of the healds, the springs cº, c’, act upon the bent levers a', a”, and through
them on the connecting bar b%, causing the bar to press tightly against the
warp, and tending to elongate it; at the return of the healds the springs cº, cº,
yield, and thus the equal tension of the warp is maintained. A similar appa-
ratus may also be applied to the “winding-on" or cloth roller on the inside
of the framing, and above the “winding-on" roller we place a small pulley a',
Figs. I and 2, Sheet 1, playing upon a stud secured to the framing. Over
this small pulley we allow a chain or band b% to run, the lower end of which is
secured to a spring c", at the opposite end of the chain or band. A flat hook d"
is suspended, and encircles the axis e of the “winding-on" roller. It will
now be readily understood, that as the cloth or fabric is wound on to the
8 A.D. 1854.—Nº l 77 l O Specification.
W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
roller, the spring c" will necessarily yield or give, thus keeping the fabric
always fully pressed against the drawing roller, as well as readily allowing the
removal of the “winding-on" roller from the hooks d", d", when the cloth is
fully wound upon the roller; or this may be accomplished by weighted levers,
as heretofore. The apparatus we employ connected with the “temples” for
keeping the cloth or fabric at a given stretch is as follows:—Inside the breast
plate are secured a fitting a' (Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1), the lower part curved,
so as not to interfere with the encreasing diameter of the “winding-on" roller;
this fitting, after descending, returns to the level of its starting, thereby forming
a spring; about half way down it is furnished with an adjusting screw b'.
c’ is a small piece of metal, secured by nut and screw or otherwise to a', and
to which the “temple" may be attached; by this adaptation we can readily
adjust the temple without any disturbance of the cloth, as well as ensuring
clearness and room at the lower portions of the loom. Figs. I and 2, Sheet 1,
shews an improved “check strap" a”, which extends from one “picking-rod"
to the other, passing and travelling through eyelets beneath the slay. This
strap should be regulated to such a length, that when the shuttle has driven
one “pick" right home, the strap a connecting the picking rods shall have
advanced the other pick some slight distance into the chace of the shuttle, so
that the returning shuttle must overcome the resistance caused by the friction
of the strap passing through the eyelets, as well as forcing the opposing pick
and “picking rod" home, thereby gradually checking the velocity of the shuttle,
and lessening considerably all chance of disarranging the cop. Our improved
method of applying and regulating the friction band of the warp beam is as
follows:–In Fig. 2, Sheet 1, a” represents the friction band passing round the
axis of the warp beam, the band being composed of any suitable material, such
as plaitted rope, india-rubber, leather, &c. This band we secure at one end to
the framing, the other end we pass round and secure to a small pulley b", to
which is attached a small ratchet wheel cº; secured on a stud or axis, and fixed
to the framing on the ratchet wheel c”, a small click d" works, by which we
regulate the friction of the band a”. Should, for instance, the band require
tightening, we take up two or three teeth of the ratchet wheel, and thereby
effect the desired end; should it require slacking, we release two or three
teeth. In Sheet 3 is illustrated by several Figures various methods of simpli-
fying, economising, and strengthening some of the different motions before
described, the whole of which, in many cases, it may be preferable to adapt.
First, as regards the “picking motion,” in lieu of the straight lever f(Fig. 1,
Sheet 1). It will be seen, by reference to Fig. 1, Sheet 3, that by the employ-
ment of a bent lever a”, having its fulcrum in the centre, a balance of action
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 1771. 9
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W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
is insured and great steadiness of action. We likewise simplify the picking
motion, before described, by using, in lieu of the jointed vertical bars m and n
(Fig. 2, Sheet 1), a vertical rod or bar b%, carrying the pin bºº, by which is
attained simplicity and economy of construction, as well as a more direct
action. The fitting c", shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 3, is likewise of con-
siderable importance, as far as regards the attainment of strength, steadiness
of action, and ready adjustibility. It is composed of one casting and secured
to the framing; the one end forms a box for the axis of the small wheel c
(Fig. 1, Sheet 1), the other end is furnished with a slotted indentation, which
receives and allows the adjustment of the slide piece d", carrying at its
end the vertically slotted piece e", which forms the guide for the pin f",
corresponding with the pin o (Fig. 1 and 2, Sheet 1). The still further
simplification of this motion is attained by the adaptation of a simple
vertical shaft tº", mounted in front of the sword, and on which is secured a
bent piece of metal wº, to which the “picking" strap is rivetted, seen more
distinctly and in perspective at Fig. 7°, Sheet 3; this vertical shaft carries
the pin r", which is opposed alternately to the pin bº. We will here
generally re-describe the “picking motion"; the diagrams Fig. 2* will readily
assist its being clearly understood. On each side of the loom are two picking
pins or studs; one pin is fastened to the top of a vertical shaft which is ad-
justed to the lathe sword; at the bottom of the shaft is fixed a picking cam,
to which is fastened a strap which is connected to the picking stick. As the
lathe moves backwards, the pin at the top of the shaft comes in contact with
another pin, which is adjusted to the loom frame, and there made firm while
the pick is being effected. The two picking pins are so arranged that they
“quit" each other as soon as the crank has passed the bottom centre, by which
means the shuttle is made to pass across the lathe more quickly. The bottom
diagram of Fig. 2", Sheet 3, represents the two picking points, pins, or studs
at the moment of starting for picking; the middle diagram represents the
position of the two pins at the moment when the shuttle is delivered; and
the upper diagram illustrates the position the pins assume when the lathe is at
the back. This “picking motion" has been described previously, and reference
made to the accompanying Drawings; but the same effect may be produced by
reversing the motion, and allowing the partial rotary pin to be attached to the
framing, while the opposing pin may be attached to the sword arm. The
motion may be obtained in the following manner:—Fasten one picking pin
or stud near to the crank arm pin; place a vertical shaft to the loom side,
with a pin or stud near the top, and a picking cam at the bottom ; let the
shaft work in two sockets, one at the top and the other at the bottom, the
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IO A.D. 1854.—N" l 771 ſº Specification.
W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
vertical shaft to rise and fall by means of a jointed lever, acted upon by an
excentric on the heald shaft, so as to cause the loom to pick alternately. With
this arrangement, the picking pins or studs would assume the several positions
as illustrated by the diagrams at Fig. 2", Sheet 3, under the same circum-
stances as described for the diagrams of Fig. 2", Sheet 3. Fig. 2", Sheet 3,
represents a quadrant and pinion which may be used in lieu of the bent lever,
segmental plate, and straps, a”, Fig. 2, Sheet 3. Tig. 3, Sheet 3, represents
another stronger and simpler method of releasing the reed, and is a top or plan
view. Fig. 4 (Sheet 3) is a side elevation of the same; in lieu of employing
the pendant a', (Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and Fig. 4, Sheet 2,) a projecting piece g" is
cast with and on the side framing of the breast beam (Fig. 3 being a plan,
and Pig. 4, a side elevation of the same, Sheet 3); and on this may be ad-
justed and secured with extreme firmness the indented piece h", being appli-
cable to the same service as the indented piece of metal bº (Figs. 3 and 4,
Sheet 2), as previously described. Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is a side elevation, and
Fig. 6 a front view, of a second mode by which we effect the regulation of
the “friction band of the warp beam,” in lieu of employing a ratchet wheel and
click, as before described. Two collars, jº' and k", are secured to the side
framing of the loom for the vertical shaft l” to revolve in. The upper part of
this shaft carries a hand wheel m”, and on the lower part is turned a screw n”,
which works into a female screw o'"; to this female screw is attached on one
side a stud p", working in the guide slot q. On the opposite side of the female
screw is a projecting finger r", round which one end of the friction band of
the warp beam is secured; the other end of the band is retained by a pro-
jecting finger, fixed to the side of the framing s". It will now be seen that
by the aid of the hand wheel the female screw o'" may be elevated or de-
pressed at will, and by this means the tension of the friction band regulated.
Fig. 7, Sheet 3, represents the “picking rod"; by the adaptation of such a
picking rod much present inconvenience is remedied. It will be observed, on
reference to the Drawing, that the picking rod is not in this case jointed,
as shewn in Sheet l; the effect of which is, that the radius of the rod being
longer than if jointed, as before shewn and described, that part of the
picking rod which impels the picker makes a more extended segment of a
circle, thereby having less tendency to tilt and throw out the shuttle.
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Another advantage of this arrangement is its economy, the mechanism of 85
jointing being rendered unnecessary.
Having now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed and put into practical effect,
we wish it to be distinctly understood that we claim,

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A.D. 1854. Aug. 14.N91771. .5///º/, 7" / .
W. &. J. TODI)'S SPECIFICATION.
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Los box Pºinted by Głonce Edwarp Evº and Wurfax Spottiswoop.
Printers to the Queens most Excellent Majesty 1855.













A.D. 1854. AUG 14. Nº 1771.
W & J.TODD'S SPECIFICATION.
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Pºinters to the Queens most Excellen Majesi, "i355.



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A.D. 1854. Aug. 14. Nº 1771,
W. & J.TODD'S Specification.
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Printers to the Queens most Excellent Majesty. 1855.





Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 1771. | 1
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W. & J. Todd's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
First, the novel and general arrangement or construction of power looms
as herein particularly described and set forth, and fully illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings; and more particularly,
Secondly, the “picking motion,” effected by the double motion attached to
the cross pins or studs, and operating upon the picking rod.
Thirdly, the application, employment, and use of a quadrant and pinion,
or segmental plate and straps, working vertically and reciprocally, and
driven by appropriate gearing from the crank shaft, and imparting motion to
the healds as well as to the opposing cross pin of the “picking motion.”
Fourthly, the arrangement, application, employment, and use of a “taking-
up" wheel or disc, having on its side or sides a series of concentric circles
of catch teeth, either worked horizontally or vertically, (the former of which
is only shewn in the accompanying Drawings,) by which we are enabled to
dispense with the use of “change wheels,” as well as the peculiar arrange-
ment of apparatus or mechanism for working the same; including the ver-
tical shaft and bevilled gear, in connection with the winding-on or cloth
roller, and “slacking rod" for lifting the clicks of the taking-up wheel.
9 9
Fifthly, the peculiar construction of the “forks" and “grates,” as well as
the method described of working the “fork click” from an excentric on the
boss of the large spur wheel.
Sixthly, the methods described of holding and releasing the reed, and also
“of a self-acting spring bearer for the warp."
Seventhly, the novel application and use of a check strap, for the purpose
of connecting one picking rod with the other.
And, lastly, the employment, application, and use of a click and click
wheel, for the adjustment of the friction band of the warp beam roller, as
well as the employment of a screw and female screw for the same purpose,
all of which above described motions and arrangements, constituting our
improvements in power looms for weaving, are herein particularly described
and set forth, and fully illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Todd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM TODD. (L.s.)
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
By transfer Lu
Pat. Office Lub.
April 1914.
* ~ * ~
* * * * *-*-*.*.*.* , , , , , , , , Y ~~~ * ~ *~~~ \", "-">~~~~ : * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J.
- -
-**** *-*.*.*.*.*.*.
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2001.
*-a-
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to William Bramwell Hayes, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of “CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 9th March 1855, and dated the 14th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bramwell Hayes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1854.
I, WILLIAM BRAMWELL HAYES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FoE WEAVING" to be as follows:—
My said Invention has reference chiefly to looms constructed with moveable
shuttle boxes, and intended for the production of fabrics wherein the weft
interwoven is varied from time to time by changing the shuttles. It may,
10 however, be partially applied to looms with fixed shuttle boxes.
To effect the changes of the shuttles I use any required number of shifting
boxes, similar to what are commonly called “drop boxes;" but I arrange and
connect them so as to form an endless chain, which revolves upon rollers
mounted on the sley, by which revolution of the chain each box is brought
15 successively into its working position.
I apply mechanism whereby motion is imparted to the endless chain of boxes

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. Provisional
Specification.
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
from the main shafts of the loom at intervals, regulated so as to change the
shuttles according to the pattern to be produced.
In order that the weft which is out of use may not become entangled by the
revolution of the chain of boxes, I apply apparatus for severing the weft last
used at each shifting of the boxes, and for laying hold of and retaining the end
of it when the shuttle which carries it is restored to its working position, so as
to ensure the insertion of the first pick. This improvement is applicable to
any kind of revolving shuttle box.
The endless chain of boxes interfering with the application of the ordinary
stop rod, I substitute a new arrangement of mechanism for stopping the loom
when the shuttle fails to reach the box in due time; and I connect this
mechanism with a break applied to the fly wheel, in such manner as to make
it effect the application of such break for that purpose when required. I apply
a break of a new construction to the fly wheel, the skid or part which comes
into immediate contact with the wheel forming part of a hoop concentric with
the wheel, but of larger radius, and the spring or elasticity of which, tending
to restore it to its proper curvature when liberated, is sufficient to prevent it
from adhering or becoming set fast to the wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bramwell Hayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRAMwell HAYEs, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Bramwell
Hayes, Her special licence that I, the said William Bramwell Hayes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Bramwell Hayes, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
5
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Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs 35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 2001. 3
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Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
FoR WEAVING,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Bramwell Hayes, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bramwell Hayes, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:—
My Invention has reference to machines of the class commonly known as
“power looms.” It consists,
Firstly, in the arrangement of and in the method of working a series of
moveable shuttle boxes, whereby I am enabled to employ a number of shuttles
adapted to succeed each other in a prescribed order, and entering upon and
retiring from their operations at stated intervals without interruption to the
evolutions of the loom, so that by charging such shuttles with weft of different
kinds or colors a pattern may be produced in the fabric.
Secondly, in a method of suddenly arresting the advance of the sley and
suspending the movements of the loom in the event of the shuttle failing to
complete its transit through the shed in due time, and in a combination of
mechanical parts for that purpose, constituting a novel description of “stop rod"
or “protector," which may be employed as a substitute for the more cumbrous
appendage usually designated by that title.
Thirdly, in the peculiar form, configuration, and construction of a “break”
to be applied to the fly wheel, for the purpose of mitigating the shock or con-
cussion ensuing between the fixed and moving parts of the machine upon the
sudden arrestation of its movements by the action of the stop rod, or any
equivalent agent.
I shall describe these improvements with the manner of carrying them into
effect separately and distinctly in the foregoing order; and to render the mutual
relations and connexions to and with each other of the several parts of the
mechanism employed more readily comprehended, I have annexed to these
Presents a Sheet of Drawings, containing views of so much of such mechanism
or apparatus as will suffice to render my description easily intelligible.
Of these, Figure 1 represents a back view of part of the skeleton or frame
of a loom, the two principal shafts, the sley, and driving pulleys, with my
improvements attached thereto. In this, as well as in the other views, such of
the other ordinary parts of the loom as have no immediate connexion with the
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. Specification.
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
subject of this explanation have been omitted for the sake of perspicuity.
Fig. 2 is a view from the interior of the loom towards the side on which the
moveable shuttle boxes are placed, shewn as if projected on a vertical plane,
intersecting the loom at a little distance from and parallel to that side, and
exhibiting the relative positions, connexions, and arrangements of the parts
employed to produce the changes of the shuttles, and to regulate the times of
such changes. Fig. 3 is an elevation view, taken externally, of the setting-on
side of the loom, shewing the arrangement, form, and respective positions of the
novel or improved “stop rod" and “break." The other Figures are detached
views of various parts, to which references will be made in the course of the
following statement, and which will be more conveniently particularized as
such occasions occur. Throughout all the Figures the numerical characters
by which the several parts are identified when they occur more than once are
to be understood as indicating the same parts or things.
The first in order of my improvements is that for effecting the changes of the
shuttles from time to time, and which I accomplish as follows:—I connect
together a series of shuttle boxes, corresponding in number with the shuttles
to be employed, by means of hinge joints, so as to form an endless chain. The
chain of boxes thus constructed is suspended upon rollers, which revolve in
bearings carried by the sley. It is moreover so arranged, that by the turning
of one of the rollers each of the boxes composing the chain is successively
brought into its working position. On the axis of the turning roller is fixed a
ratchet wheel, the teeth of which are acted upon by a click or catch at intervals,
determined as herein-after mentioned, so as to cause the ratchet wheel and
roller partially to revolve at each stroke or pull of the catch, being moved on
each of such occasions to such an extent as to advance the chain of boxes
through a space equal to that occupied by one shuttle box. By each advance
of the chain the box previously in use is removed from its sphere of action, and
replaced by that which forms the next link in the chain. The click or catch
which moves the ratchet wheel receives its impulses from a cam or wiper on
the tappet shaft, or from some equivalent mover, through the medium of a
lever, which is subjected to the action of the cam at those periods only when
the order of the proposed pattern requires the shuttle to be changed. The
relative duration of the intervals between the periods at which the shuttles are
changed is regulated by the action of a pattern wheel or chain, furnished with
prominences and depressions, or risers and sinkers, corresponding as to their
aggregate number with the number of double picks contained in the round of
the pattern, and in their order and numerical proportions with the relative
lengths of the intervals between the changes of the shuttles as measured by the
10
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. 9
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Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
-ºrrºr–sºr wº-wºrr-vºx ---r
number of picks. The risers and sinkers on the pattern wheel or chain operate
to elevate or depress the intermediate lever or link which intervenes between
and establishes or interrupts the connexion of the cam on the tappit shaft with
the click or catch before mentioned. The pattern wheel or chain has a step
by step movement imparted to it by a connexion with any of the moving parts
of the loom convenient for the purpose, each step of its movement bringing
into operation a fresh riser or sinker, as the case may be; the ultimate effect
being to produce the required pattern by throwing the catch which acts upon
the ratchet wheel into gear with the wiper on the tappet shaft whenever a
change of shuttles is required. In all attempts to construct revolving systems of
shuttle boxes, great difficulty has been experienced in disposing of the portion
of weft which on the change of shuttles is left extended between the selvage
of the fabric and the shuttle last in use. No effective method has been devised
for severing the interwoven yarn from the cops or bobbins in the retired shuttles,
and if not so severed it is liable to get fouled round the spindle or axis of the
boxes, or entangled with some of the adjacent parts of the sley. Even supposing
the severance to be effected, some contrivance is still needed to retain the end of
weft protruding from the eye of each shuttle when the latter comes to be
again projected through the shed. In default of such contrivance the shuttle
will be apt to pass through the shed without inserting the pick or shoot of
weft; part of my present improvement therefore is designed to supply these
deficiencies. For the purpose of severing the interwoven weft from that which
remains in the retiring shuttle, I use a pair of shears or scissors, affixed to the
breast beam or front framing of the loom, in such manner that their blades
project across the sley when the latter is in its most advanced position, and
these shears, being actuated by the same mechanism which alters the position
of the moveable boxes from time to time, close upon and divide the weft
between the nearer selvage of the fabric and the shuttle at the moment of the
removal of the latter. The end of weft depending from the shuttle is first
withdrawn from the shuttle race by a hook, and subsequently following the
motion of the chain of boxes, drops into a guiding groove or trough, which
conducts it clear of all impediments, and prevents its fouling. A spring is so
applied as to press closely against the inner end of the boxes at the rising side
of the chain, and as each box is in turn brought into its working position, the
pendent end of the weft is caught between this spring and the end of the
shuttle box, and thereby held fast, so as to insure the insertion of the first pick
on the shuttle re-entering the shed. The foregoing is a general outline of the
arrangements by which I accomplish this part of my improvements, and I shall
more fully demonstrate these arrangements by describing in detail a combina-
6 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. Specification.
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
tion of mechanical parts adapted for carrying the same into effect, as repre-
sented in the Figures or Diagrams on the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
In these Figures, 1, 1, 1, &c. are parts of the ordinary framing of the loom;
2 is the crank shaft; and 3, the tappet shaft; 4 is the sley; 5, 5, the sley
swords; and 6, the swing or rocking rail. The latter is prolonged so as to
extend beyond the framing at one side by the piece 7, which forms a support
for the parts carrying the moveable boxes. 8, 8, are uprights, attached to the
continuation 7 of the swing rail, and rising to about the same height as the
ordinary sley swords. These uprights are firmly braced to the sley by a cross
piece 9, and by a clamp plate, not seen in the Drawing. Figure 6 is an end
view of the system of boxes, taken close to the inner upright. In this view, 10
is a square roller or barrel, with leaves or tongues projecting radially from its
corners; its axis or spindle turns in sockets in the uprights 8, 8. This roller
or barrel carries the chain of moveable boxes. The boxes composing this chain
are marked 11 in all the Figures where they appear. In the present example
they are twenty in number, but that number might be either greater or less,
according to circumstances. 12, 12, &c., are the backboards of the boxes, and
the chain is formed by hinging the adjacent edges of these backboards
together; 13, 13, &c., are springs, for the purpose of binding the shuttles, and
preventing their recoil or escape from the boxes; 14 (Figure 6) is another
roller, which acts as a fulcrum, round which the chain makes its lower turn in
revolving. The general form of the chain or system of boxes will be well and
easily understood by an inspection of the end view, Figure 6, and of Figure 5,
which latter shews a side or elevation view of the boxes from behind the sley,
and also some other parts, which are partly concealed by the framing in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the moveable boxes and their mountings, together
with some adjacent parts. 15 (Figures 2, 4, and 5) is a click or catch, which
takes into the ratchet wheel 16, fixed on the spindle of the roller 10. This
ratchet wheel, in the present instance having four teeth, is turned one-fourth of a
revolution by each reach of the catch, the roller 10 turning with it to the same
extent. The small leaves projecting from the corners of the roller 10 insert
themselves between the adjacent edges of the backboards 12, 12, &c., so that
the boxes necessarily accompany the roller in its movements. In order to
steady the roller 10 and the chain of boxes after each change of position, there
5
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30
is a spring 17, bolted to one of the uprights 8, and bearing against one side of 35
a square boss 18, attached to one side of the ratchet wheel 16. The catch or
click 15 is jointed at its lower extremity to the horizontal arm 19 of a bell
crank lever, pivoted on a stud 20 (see Figure 2). The vertical arm 21 of this
lever is presented towards an arm or finger 22, which is pivoted on a stud in
\
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. 7
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Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
the oscillating lever 23, the latter swinging from another stud 24 in the loom
side. 25 is a bowl or friction roller, with which the lower extremity of the
lever 23 is armed, and which bowl rests in contact with the periphery of the
cam or wiper 26, carried by the tappet shaft 3. The cam 26 vibrates the lever
23 at each revolution of the tappet shaft, impelling the finger 22 towards the
upright arm 21 of the bell crank lever, connected with the catch 15; the
point of the finger 22 would consequently, if not elevated, act upon the catch
15, and cause it to move the ratchet wheel 16 at every revolution of the
shaft 3. To prevent this, the finger 22 is, by means hereafter to be pointed
out, raised clear of the lever arm 21 at all times, except when a change of
shuttles is required. The cam 26 is so adjusted on the shaft 3, that its action
on the oscillating lever 23 always takes place upon the return of the shuttle,
and after the crank has passed its top centre, and consequently, after the
shuttle is boxed, and as the next pick will not be made until the crank
approaches the lowest point of its orbit, there is ample time for the shifting of
the boxes to be effected before the next shuttle is required to enter the race.
By inspecting the Drawings and tracing the connexions of the parts, it will be
easily seen how the cam 26, acting through the oscillating lever 23, the finger
22, the bell crank lever on the stud 20, and the catch 15, operates to effect
the rotation of the ratchet wheel 16, and to turn the roller 10, so as to impart
a revolving movement to the chain of boxes. It remains to be seen how the
finger 22 is elevated, in order to interrupt the connection between the oscil-
lating lever 23 and the bell crank lever, and to prevent the action of the cam
26 from extending to the ratchet wheel 16, and how it is again depressed for
the purpose of restoring that connection whenever a change of shuttles is
required to be made. An endless chain, composed of a series of flat links or
plates connected by rings, (27, 27, &c., Figure 7,) revolves upon two small
pulleys or wheels 28 and 29. The pulleys turn upon studs mounted in fixings
attached to the loom top. The chain must contain half as many links as there
are picks in the round of the pattern, and in order to admit of its being
lengthened or shortened accordingly, the stud on which the pulley 29 runs,
and the arm or bracket by which it is carried, admit of their positions being
varied to a considerable extent, as will be seen by the peculiar form of the stud
arm or bracket. The links of the endless chain have pins screwed into them,
such pins generally having large and prominent heads, as at 30, 30, &c. &c., but
in some of the pins these heads are deficient, as at 31, 31, &c. &c. The links
with the large headed pins act as risers, and those with the headless pins as
sinkers, for the purpose of producing and regulating the changes in the pattern.
The ends of the pins project below the chain to some extent, and take into a
&
8 A.D. 1854–N° 2001. Specification.
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
series of holes prepared to receive them in the periphery of the pulley 28, so
that the pulley and chain are constantly in gear, and must necessarily move in
unison.
Figure 7 represents a section through the middle of the pulley 28 with a
portion of the chain embracing it, being drawn to a scale of about half the
natural size. Behind the wheel or pulley 28 and attached to it is a ratchet
wheel 32 (Figure 2), which is engaged with a click or catch carried by the lever
33. The latter is attached by a rod 34 with another lever 35 pivoted on a
stud in the lower part of the loom. The tail of this last lever projects under
and is acted upon by the cam 26, being depressed by it once in each revolution
of the tappet shaft. By this means, at every revolution of the tappet shaft, the
ratchet wheel 32 and pulley 28 are moved one tooth, the chain being also
advanced one link; for it will be seen, by inspection of Figure 7, that each tooth
of the ratchet wheel 32, shewn in that Figure by dotted lines, corresponds
with the space on the circumference of the pulley taken up by one link of
the chain.
It may also be remarked, that the action of the cam 26 upon the lever 35
immediately precedes its action on the pendent lever 23, so that the result of
the latter action will be governed by the form of link previously brought into
position by the former. Immediately over the pulley 28 is a lever 36, having
its fulcrum or pivot at 37, and furnished with a swell 38 projecting down-
wards. This swell rests upon the link of the chain, which for the time being
occupies the top of the wheel, and is elevated or depressed according as
that link is furnished with a large headed pin or with one of the contrary
description. The lever 36 is connected by a rod 39 with the finger 22,
before described, and when the lever 36 is raised by any of the risers carried
by the pattern chain, the finger 22 is raised also, and its point passes over
the upright arm 21 of the bell crank lever, so that the vibration of the oscil-
lating lever 23 communicates no impulse to the click or catch which actuates
the chain of boxes; on the contrary, when the link of the pattern chain
passing over the top of the wheel or pulley 28 is furnished with a headless
screw, it acts as a sinker, and permits the lever 36, and consequently the
finger 22, to remain depressed, and the point of the finger 22, in this case
coinciding in position with the top of the lever arm 21, acts upon the latter,
and causes an advance of the chain of boxes by the connection before pointed
out. The sinkers of the pattern chain having been previously arranged at
such intervals in the chain as to correspond with those required by the order
of the pattern between the changes of the shuttles, it is evident that the
ultimate result of the whole action will be to change the shuttles in the pro-
10
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Specification. - A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. 9
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Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
posed order and times. In the plan view, Figure 4, and sectional view, Figure 2,
40 indicates the shears or scissors employed to divide the weft. They are
mounted on a bracket attached to the breast beam, and project inwards far
enough to cross the shuttle race when the sley is at the beat up. Their lower
blade is stationary, and sunk below the level of the shuttle race within a groove
prepared for its reception, so that the weft extending from the salvage to the
shuttle in the adjacent box overlies or crosses it. Their upper blade is con-
nected by a link 41 with the lever 42, one end of which is pivoted on a stud at
the front of the loom. The other end is attached by a joint pin to the hori-
zontal arm of the bell crank lever, which actuates the catch 15; consequently,
whenever the bell crank lever moves the catch, it also closes the blades of the
shears, and severs the weft. A hollow conducting trough or guiding groove
43 passes upwards over the spindle of the roller 10; a hook 44 (see Figure 4)
also projects across the sley, occupying a groove sunk for it close to the end of
15
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35
the shuttle boxes. This hook forms one arm of a small lever, the fulcrum of
which is on a pin in the framing ; the arm on the opposite side of the fulcrum
being connected to the link 41, so that when the blades of the shears are closed
the hook is raised, and, catching the straggling end of weft as the sley recedes,
draws it clear of the shuttle race. The subsequent rising of the box combined
with the action of the hook deposits it in the guiding groove 43, which con-
ducts it clear of obstructions until it follows the shuttle in the descent of the
latter on the other side of the roller 10. When the shuttle in its revolu-
tion again approaches its working position, its end is pressed by the spring
45, and the end of the weft depending from it is detained between the spring
and the end of the box with sufficient tenacity to insure the due insertion of
the weft at the first throw of the shuttle. The last particulars complete the
description of that part of my improvements which relates to the arrangement
and working of moveable shuttle boxes.
I shall now proceed to the second branch of the Invention, namely, the
method of arresting the movements of the loom in the event of the shuttle
being trapped, by means of a novel kind of “stop rod,” intended to supersede
that in ordinary use. The common stop rod, by the pressure which it exerts
upon the shuttle in its exit from the box, and the resistance which it opposes to
its entrance, renders necessary a greater amount of force in the pick than is
required for the mere trajection of the shuttle. The violence of the impulse
causes it to be accompanied by a very aggravated strain upon the machine,
causing rapid wear and tear of the wheels, as well as of the pickers, and other
subordinate parts. To releive the loom from a portion of this strain is the
object sought by the present improvement, which is also peculiarly adapted for
10 A.D. 1854.—N" 2001. Specification.
-º-ºmr
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
use in connection with the system of moveable boxes, before described. The
novel stop rod which I employ extends across the loom immediately in front of
the sley, being mounted in bearings upon the upper rails of the side framing.
The rod is furnished with two fingers, directed horizontally towards the sley, and
falling opposite to corresponding projections firmly attached to the sley or sley
swords, which projections the fingers meet and become locked with when the
stop rod is at rest, and thus obstruct the further advance of the sley. In order
that the regular operations of the loom may proceed without interruption, these
fingers are raised at each advance of the sley, by the oscillation of the stop
rod produced as follows:—The rod carries besides the fingers before mentioned
two upright arms, which rise in front of the sley, each of them being opposite
to the middle part of one of the shuttle boxes. The higher extremities of
these arms are furnished with fingers or feelers, presented towards the shuttle
boxes, and when the stop rod is at rest projecting into them through holes or
intervals left in the shuttle guards. If a shuttle be present in either of the
boxes, it obstructs the entrance of the feeler, and, repelling the latter as the
sley advances, imparts to the upright arm a radial movement round the axis of
the stop rod, which raises the horizontal fingers clear of the projections on the
sley, so as to permit the latter to continue its beat up. But if both the shuttle
boxes be empty, 'and no impediment offered to the entrance of the feelers, the
stop rod remains at rest, and the horizontal fingers arrest the further advance
of the sley. In Figure 3 the arrangement of the above described apparatus is
exhibited in side view. 46 is the stop rod and its bearing block, which latter
may be either firmly fixed or made to slide upon the top rail of the loom side,
like the common sliding frog. 47 is one of the fingers directed towards the
notched projection 48 upon the sley. 49 is one of the upright arms, and 50
the feeler, projecting from it into the shuttle box when the sley beats up. The
blocks or bearing pieces in which the stop rod is carried may of course be
made to apply a break, as well as to liberate the spring handle, in the same
manner as the sliding frog. In the present case the bearing block is shewn
as applying my improved break, by striking a spur projecting from the upper
end of the reversing lever 51, which latter reacts upon the break through the
rod or link 52.
The construction, configuration, and application of the “break" last men-
tioned constitute the third of my improvements. I make it of wrought iron or
spring steel, in the form of a strap or segment of a circular hoop, the curvature
of which is of a little larger radius than that of the periphery of the fly wheel
which it embraces. The break is shewn in side view at 53 (Figure 3), circum-
ferenting the fly wheel 54. One end is attached firmly to a bracket, stud, or
10
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30
A.D. 1854. SEP 14. Nº 2001.
(w S///EEZ”
HAYES SPECIFICATION.
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Pºinters totie Queens most Excellent Majesty. 1855.







Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. 11
I 0
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30
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
projection from the framing, as at 55. The other extremity 56 is jointed to
the rod or link 52, by which the break is applied, the force or pressure being
derived through the frog or otherwise; the method of application according
to the arrangement shewn in the Drawing has already been adverted to. The
advantageous properties of this break are, that the strap or hoop of which it
consists embraces nearly the whole rim of the fly wheel; that the tendency of
the friction or adhesion between the break and wheel is to tighten the hold of
the break, and that when released, the elasticity of the break, tending to
restore its original form, at once detaches it from the wheel, so that there
is no liability to stick, as is the case with some breaks now in use.
The preceding statement describes and ascertains the nature of my Inven-
tion, and the manner of carrying the same into effect; but, as in the course of
such statement mention of some parts or things not appertaining to my
Invention may have been collaterally introduced for the purpose of rendering
the explanation more complete, I hereby further declare that I do not
claim as of my Invention the application or use of moveable shuttle boxes
generally for the purpose of changing the shuttles; neither do I claim the
method of bringing the break into contact with the fly wheel by the reversing
lever and rod connecting the same with the stop rod, nor any other special
mode of effecting the contact of such break with the fly wheel; but what I
do claim as novel and of my Invention in connection with the improvements
herein described are,
Firstly, the arrangement of a series of moveable shuttle boxes in the form
of an endless chain, by the rotation of which each of the boxes composing it is
in its due course and order brought into and withdrawn from its working
position.
Secondly, the method of imparting motion to the chain of boxes by the
connection established between the roller which carries such chain and the
tappet shaft or other equivalent mover through the medium of the ratchet
wheel, catch, bell crank lever, oscillating lever, and cam, as herein-before
particularly set forth and described.
Thirdly, the method of interrupting and restoring the connection between
the tappet shaft and chain roller, before mentioned, by means of the moveable
finger carried by the oscillating lever, and the method of governing the
5 position of such finger so as thereby to break or restore such connection at
the desired intervals by means of the moving pattern chain or wheel, as
herein-before explained.
Fourthly, the employment of scissors or shears, actuated by the mechanism
12 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2001. Specification.
*—
Hayes' Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
which conveys motion to the moveable boxes, for the purposes of dividing
the interwoven weft from the residue thereof left on the cop or bobbin.
Fifthly, the method of providing an unobstructed path for the ends of weft
depending from the eyes of the retired shuttles by the guiding groove at
the end of the chain of boxes.
Sixthly, the method of apprehending and detaining such pendant ends of
weft, so as to secure the insertion of the first pick when the shuttles are again
projected into the shed, by means of the spring pressing against the ends of the
shuttle boxes, as before described and explained.
Seventhly, the special combination and arrangement of mechanical parts for
the purpose of carrying into effect and accomplishing the aforesaid methods or
objects as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly, the arrangement and combination of mechanical parts constituting
the novel “stop rod," herein-before mentioned and described, and the appli-
cation of the same.
Ninthly, the peculiar form and construction of the break herein described,
consisting of a strap or segment of a hoop of iron or other metal almost
encumferenting the fly wheel.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bramwell Hayes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. .
WILLIAM BRAMWELL HAYES. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the herein-
before named William Bramwell Hayes,
in the presence of
J. TAYLER,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
---
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
5.
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wrºg.
Machinery for the Preparation of Yarns or Threads.
(This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harrison, John Oddie,
John Eaves, and Henry Graham at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th September 1854.
We, Joseph HARRISON, Machinest, John ODDIE and John EAVES, Me-
5 chanics, and HENRY GRAHAM, Power Loom Manager, all of Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WARPING, SIZING, OR OTHERwise
PREPARING YARns or THREADS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:–
It relates to mechanism or apparatus to be applied to machines above
10 referred to, by which threads may be selected to form a “lease" without the
assistance of the ordinary comb or healds.
The mechanism or apparatus here referred to is more particularly intended
for sizing machines, acting on the principle of those known as “tape leg sizing
machines,” and it is intended to perform the office of the healds and combs
15 used in ordinary tape leg sizing machines, and at the same time secure the
advantages and facilities in sizing resulting from dispensing with them.
The mechanism or apparatus employed consists of a series of needles
combined together in the comb form, having hooked or forked ends, or a comb
having short and long slits, which when a lease is required are inserted in the
20 warp, so as to push or draw from the warp those threads required to be
separated or selected from the others.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SpottiswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.

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A.D. 1854. . . . . . . Nº 2023.
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Looms for weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to James Kershaw, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs For WEAVING."
. Sealed the 13th March 1855, and dated the 19th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kershaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1854.
I, JAMEs KERSHAw, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTs In Loons
FoE WEAVING" to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to the picking motion of looms. Upon a second
motion shaft or upon the ordinary tappet shaft are placed cams, which in
their rotatory motion arrive in contact with levers extending form a shaft
situate crosswise of the machine, that is, in a direction from front to back.
To these shafts are attached projecting arms, connected by means of straps
or links to the picking sticks; by this arrangement the cross shafts are caused
to vibrate alternately, and effect the required blows upon the shuttle. The
picking sticks are mounted upon studs projecting from the framework, and
are returned to their starting position by means of springs or other usual
arrangements. Another part of my improvements in the picking motion
consists in a method of shortening or tightening the connection with the
picking stick; for this purpose I make up the connection by means of screws
and nuts, which by being turned draw the two parts nearer to or further from
each other.



2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2023. Specification.
Kershaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
KERSHAw, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Iſer heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Kershaw, Her especial license that I, the said James
Kershaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Kershaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FoR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Kershaw, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Kershaw, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
My Invention relates to the picking motion of looms, and consists, firstly,
in an arrangement by which the picking stick is actuated; and, secondly, in
a method of shortening or lengthening the connexion through which the
vibratory motion is communicated. For the purpose of explaining these im-
provements I have appended to this my Specification a Sheet of Drawings, in
which Figure 1 is a partial end view in section of a loom constructed accord-
ing to my Invention; and Figure 2 is a front view, one side, however, being
only shewn. Upon the tappet shaft a are mounted two cams, one of which
is shewn at b ; each of these cams is situate above a bowl c, affixed to and
projecting from a shaft d, Inounted in bearings and extending crosswise of
the machine, that is, in a direction from front to back. The other end of
each shaft d is furnished with an arm e, which is connected to the picking
10
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35
A.D. 1854. Sep.19. Nº 2023.
71 sheer.)
KERSHAWS Specification.
F I G . 2 .
º
The fºed, drawing as not coſored/.
- -
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of
\ºcº
Drawn on Stone by Malby & Sons.
London: Printed
nted by Głogół Edward Exº, and WILLIAM Spo
Printers to the Queens most Excellent Majesty. 1855
--


Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2023. 3
Kershaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
stick f by means of a strap g; this strap, however, is not attached to the arm
direct, but through the intervention of a metallic eye h, formed with a screw
passing through the arm, and tightened thereon by nuts. As the tappet shaft
revolves, the cams b will arrive alternately in contact with the bowls c at each
5 side of the machine, whereby the shafts d will be caused to turn partially in
their bearings, and impart, through the arms e, necessary motion to the picking
sticks, which are brought back by springs, as at i. By turning the nuts upon
the eyes h, the connexion between the arms c and picking sticks may be
shortened or lengthened, according to desire. I have shewn and described the
10 cams b as mounted upon the ordinary tappet shaft, but it will be evident that
any other second motion shaft may be used for that purpose. I have also
shewn the two parts of my Invention combined, but they may, if desired, be
used separately, the method of lengthening and shortening the picking strap
being applicable to other picking motions.
15 Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim, as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,
Firstly, communicating motion to the picking sticks of looms by the vibra-
20 tion of shafts situate crosswise in the looms, such shafts being actuated by cams
upon the tappet or other second motion shaft.
Secondly, the application of screws and nuts for shortening or lengthening
the connexion with the picking sticks.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Kershaw, have hereunto set my
25 hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES KERSHAW. (L.s.)
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswoode,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.

5
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15
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2048.
*º-ºr-s--- ~ & S-ºxº~~~~~ * ~ * ~ **wº ºr ºf ~ - N- * * * : Jr. º. º ºr ºr ~ * * ***** * *= ~ ºr ºf ºr ºf ºr ***N* = < *s, *-* wººººººººwº, ºr *******
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of IIalifax, in the County of York,
Manager, and Samuel Thornton, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan
caster, Machinist, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs FoR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 20th March 1855, and dated the 22nd September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier and Samuel
Thornton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd September 1854.
We, GEORGE Colli ER, of IIalifax, in the County of York, Manager, and
SAMUEL THORNTON, of Rochdale, in the County of Tancaster, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs
FoR WEAVING" to be as follows:–
Our improvements relate, firstly, to a method of working the shafts of looms
for making the shed, and of retaining any number of them in an upward or
downward position until required to be shifted. This part of our Invention
consists in the employment of a series of cams Cr tappets capable of being
shifted around their centres at intervals so as to operate upon the shafts, such
shifting being accomplished at required intervals through the agency of an
endless chain of links, cards, or other such apparatus. A method we adopt is
to mount the cams loosely upon a shaft, each one being provided with a ratchet

2 A.D. 1854.—N" 2048. s:
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
wheel. The teeth of these wheels are placed within the range of vibrating
clicks, which will therefore cause them to revolve, and effect the required raising
or depressing of the shafts; but when it is desired that one or more shall
remain in the same position for a given number of picks, then the correspond-
ing driving clicks are operated upon by the endless chain, or other such
apparatus, so as to be removed from the position for actuating the ratchet
wheels.
Secondly, our Invention relates to the taking-up motion of looms. To effect
this we place a weighted rod in contact with the cloth between the breast beam
and work roller; this rod, being kept back by the tension of the woven fabric,
prevents by suitable connections the driving click from operating; but when a
certain amount of work has been produced, then the slackening thereof will
allow the rod to move backward, and the driving click connected thereto
will come within range of the taking-up ratchet wheel.
Thirdly, our Invention relates to an improvement upon a method of letting
off the warp of looms, for which Letters Patent were granted to John Mason
and George Collier, dated 26th March 1849. In the Specification of that
Patent the yarn was caused to operate by its tension upon a lever turning upon
centres, the extremity of which lever was situate above the centre of motion.
We have found that an improvement may be effected by so arranging the
apparatus that the part thereof furthest removed from the centre of motion
shall be below it.
The fourth point of novelty also refers to an improvement upon the
loom, specified under the aforesaid Patent of John Mason and George Collier,
and consists in a method of holding up the shafts to form a continued shed.
According to the former method, this was accomplished by causing them
to rest upon the “jacks.” The present Inventien consists in the application
of catches applied for that purpose, and which receive them when required.
These catches may be caused to release the shafts by hand in order to bring
them level.
The fifth point of novelty in our improvement also relates to the Patent
aforesaid of John Mason and George Collier. According to the Specifi-
cation thereof the shafts were mounted upon rods which moved vertically
in fixed guides. We use the said rods, but place them in guides capable of
being moved in slots, so as to separate the shafts when desired. We also
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35
mount the shafts in sockets capable of being adjusted upward or downward
upon the rods.
Y-4
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2048. 3
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sº-
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Collier and Samuel Thornton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
CoLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager, and SAMUEL THORNTON,
of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, scnd greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Collier and Samuel Thornton, Her especial license that we,
the said George Collier and Samuel Thornton, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Collier and Samuel
Thornton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, sexercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN Looks For
WEAVING," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said George
Collier and Samuel Thornton, or one of us, by an instrument in writing
under our hand and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Thornton, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
Our first improvement is shewn in the partial vertical section of a loom at
Fig. 1. Upon a fixed shaft a are mounted loosely a set of grooved cams, one of
which is shewn at b, corresponding in number to the shedding shafts employed,
and within them are situate a like number of rollers c, mounted upon levers d,
capable of turning upon a centre at e, and connected at their other ends by
rods f to the treadles g upon the shaft a, and at either end is mounted loosely
a bell crank lever, one of which will be seen at h, h". They are connected
together by rods i, and upon these rods are mounted loosely, side by side, a
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2048. Specification.
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
series of drivers j, j”, k, k", which are therefore at liberty to turn upon
their centres, so as at certain periods to take into notches l', lº, lº, lº, lº, lº,
formed upon the peripheries of the cams b. Upon the crank shaft m is a
pinion driving a wheel, upon which is a crank pin m, to which a rod o is
jointed, the other end thereof being connected to a bracket p, extending from
one of the bell crank levers h, h”; as therefore this crank n revolves, the said
levers will be caused to vibrate upon their centres, and carry with them the
drivers. Upon the crank shaft m is a toothed wheel, which, through the train,
shewn by red lines, communicates rotatory motion to a wheel q, the axis of
which is mounted upon a radial arm r, the centre of motion thereof being the
axis of a pinion by which the wheel is driven; during, therefore, the trans-
mission of rotatory motion, the latter will be at liberty to move upward around
the periphery of the former. Upon the axis of the wheel q is mounted a
notched roller s, the revolution of which carries onward an endless chain t,
provided with projecting pins, which may be adapted to any required links.
The rollers has a flange, upon which a series of pins w are fixed, and as they
revolve they arrive in contact with an inclined plane v, by which means the
roller is lifted at intervals, so as to bring a peg of the chain into contact with
one of the drivers j, j”, k, k", thereby causing it to turn upon its centre, and
prevent it from dropping into one of the notches l', &c. The peripheries of
the cams b are formed with projecting parts w, which, when they have been
propelled forward, arrive in contact with a fixed brake ar, so as to check the
impetus imparted by the drivers. The operation of the machine is as
follows:–According to the position shewn, the ends j, k, of the drivers are
in the notches l', lº, having turned upon their crentres by the weight of the
other ends j', k". Upon rotatory motion being communicated to the crank
shaft, the endless chain t will be caused to travel onward, the pin wº at the
same time mounting the inclined plane v, and causing the roller s and its
chain to rise, by turning upon the centre z; the effect of these combined
operations will be to bring the peg 1 of the chain in contact with the end j" of
the driver, so as to cause it to turn upon its centre, and lift the other end out
of the notch l'; immediately upon this, the revolution of the crank shaft will,
through the rod 0, cause the bell crank lever h, h", to turn upon its centre,
thereby carrying forward the drivers in the direction of the arrow; but as the
peg I will have removed that shewn at j from the notch l', no motion will be
imparted to the cam b: the lever d will remain stationary, together with its
treadle g, and the warps governed thereby will remain raised. These move-
ments will have brought the driver k into the notch l’, and therefore at the
return vibration of the bell crank lever the cam b would necessarily be pro-
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2048. 5
10
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20
30
35
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
pelled in the backward direction; but the advance of the chain and the pegs
thereon may, if desired, be so arranged as to act against the part k" at a
suitable time for preventing this, by removing the other part k from the
notch l’, and thus the operation will go on as long as it may be desired to keep
those warps elevated which are governed by the cam b. If, however, a change
be necessary for the intended pattern, then a blank space, instead of a peg
upon the chain t, will rise towards the driver j’ or k", which, not being com-
pelled therefore to turn upon its centre, will remain in the notch l', or lº, and the
vibration of the bell crank lever h will cause the cam to perform a portion of a
revolution, and permit the lever d and treadle g to fall. The above operations
have been described in reference to one cam only, but as the series of drivers
governed by separate rows of pegs all vibrate together, they will in like
manner act upon the several cams, corresponding to the number of shafts
employed. From the above description it will be observed that the crank
pin n revolves at half the speed of the ordinary crank shaft m; the drivers j, k,
therefore, if operating alternately, will cause the cams b to form the shed at
the proper intervals. We therefore arrange the pegs t so as to divide the
pattern between the two drivers. They do not, however, of necessity act
alternately, for the change in the shed may be effected several times following
by the one or the other, as desired. This machine may be employed with
advantage for weaving a piece of cloth with various patterns for obtaining
designs, or for other purposes; for if after a certain length has been woven, the
pattern chain be shifted for one or more links, the order of shedding the
warp will be permanently changed.
Our next improvement is shewn in Fig. 1, above referred to, and also in the
partial front view, Fig. 2. This part of our Invention is an improvement upon
a method of letting off the warp, for which Letters Patent were granted to
John Mason and George Collier, bearing date Twenty-sixth March, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. In the Specification of that Patent
the yarn was caused to operate by its tension upon a back rail or lever turning
upon centres, the extremity of which rail or lever was situate above the centre
of motion; we have found that an improvement may be effected by so arranging
the apparatus that the part thereof furthest removed from the centre of motion
shall be below it. This lever or rail is shewn in Fig. I at 2, extending across
the machine and turning in suitable bearings; the yarn previously to passing
over the lever is bent from its direct course by means of a beam 3. Upon the
axis of the lever 2 is an arm 4, weighted, so as to impart a tendency to turn
upon its centre; and it has also another arm 5, connected to a rod 6, moving
at its lower end in a guide 7, beyond which it is turned upward, so as to
6
A.D. 1854.—Nº 2048. Specification.
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Jooms for Weaving.
constitute an inclined plane 8, beneath a lever 9, mounted loosely upon the
axis of a ratchet wheel 10. The lever 9 carries a driver 11 at one end,
taking into the ratchet wheel 10, and is connected at the other by a rod
and lever 12 to the centre of the lathe sword 13; as, therefore, that part
of the machine vibrates, it may cause the driver to take certain of the teeth of 5
the ratchet, and thereby impart rotary motion to the shaft 14, by which means
a worm 15 thereon will be turned, and the warp will be let off. The action
of the apparatus is as follows:—Suppose a certain quantity of warp to have
been let off, as above described, the weighted lever 4 will cause the lever 2 to
move outward and maintain the tension of the threads, which movement of the
lever 2 will have caused the lever 5 to turn upon its centre, and bring the
inclined plane 8 beneath the arm 9, so as to prevent it from falling sufficiently
far to take a tooth or teeth of the ratchet wheel. As the cloth is woven the
lever 2 is gradually drawn inward, which motion being communicated to the
lever 5, will cause the descending inclined plane 8 to be gradually advanced
beneath the arm 9, and by these means it will be allowed progressively to fall
until in a position for taking another tooth, and so on, the lever 2 moving
inward and outward, and acting as a governing power for maintaining an
uniform tension of the warp.
The next part of our Invention is also an improvement upon the aforesaid
Patent of John Mason and George Collier, and consists in a method of holding
up the shafts. This improvement is represented in detached view at Fig. 3.
One of the needles which govern the motion of the treadles is shewn at a,
formed with two projecting nibs b, c, which are acted upon as required by the
knives d, e, caused to move upwards and downwards by the ordinary method.
Upon axes f, g, turning in fixed bearings are catches h, i, which axes are also
provided with levers j, k, connected by a link l, from which a cord m proceeds
to any situation within reach of the attendant.
The needles a are mounted in sliding wires m, to which are adapted springs o,
fixed to a stationary part at their upper ends; behind these springs is the
pattern chain p, with its projecting pins as usual. According to the position
shewn in the Drawing, the endless chain has brought a peg to bear against
the spring o", by which means the wire n and needle a have been forced
forward, so as to bring the nib b of the latter in a vertical plane with the
knife d, which by then ascending has carried the needle upward. This action
has raised the corresponding treadle q, and the wedge, described in the Specifi-
cation of Mason and Collier aforesaid, has then advanced, so as to elevate it
further, by which means the nib b has been carried upward against the catch h,
on to which it is forced by the spring o, for the purpose of maintaining the
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Specification. A.D. I854.—N" 2048. 7
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15
20
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35
* * * * * - see
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
* * * * * * ***
shed for the passage of the shuttle, during which operation the pattern chain p
will be shifted, so as to select a fresh set of needles for the next shed. If that
shewn at a be required to drop, a peg upon the chain will not arrive in contact
with its spring 0, which will therefore remain on the periphery of the barrel,
and the wedge before referred to will arrive in contact with the treadle, so as
to move it up a short distance, and permit the spring o to withdraw the nib b
from the catch h, and the descending knife e, operating upon the nib c, will
propel the needle downward; but if it be required to remain in the position
shewn, a peg of the pattern chain will have arrived in contact with the spring
o”, the elasticity of which will allow it to advance, while the needle is held up
for keeping the shed, and upon the action of the wedge taking place, the slight
lifting of the needle will not free it from the catch h, inasmuch as the spring o"
is forced forward by the acting peg upon the chain p. We have above described
the operation of the catch h only, but that of the lower one i is precisely the
same; for upon a needle having been brought down by the knife e, the wedge
above alluded to will continue its motion so as to carry it beneath the catch,
by which means it will be prevented from rising through the tension of the
warp until the wedge again enters and allows the spring o to operate. We
have alluded to one needle only, but there are of course a number situate side
by side, according to the pattern required to be woven. The catches, it has
been observed, are connected together by the link l, by drawing the cord m;
therefore they may be caused to turn upon their centres simultaneously, so as
to liberate the whole series of needles, and thus permit the warp to become level
when required in that position by the weaver.
The next part of our improvements also relates to the Patent of John Mason
and George Collier aforesaid, and the several points of novelty are shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, and also in the detached views, Figs. 4 and 5.
The rods which carry the shafts are shewn at 14, their upper ends passing
through a box 15, in which are placed a number of blocks of wood or other
material 16, filling up the spaces between the rods, and held together by a
band of india-rubber or other spring 17. The bottom of the box has a slot
formed lengthwise, corresponding to the width of the rods 14, and the cover
is formed after the same manner. By these means the rods are provided with
proper guides for their vertical motion, but may be separated against the
elasticity of the band 17, when it is desired by the weaver to gain access
to the healds. The shafts 18 are provided at their ends with sockets 19,
which are adapted to the rods 14. The lower part of these sockets are
formed with teeth 20, taking into notches formed upon the rods, and they are
retained there by means of springs 21; instead of which, however, set screws
8 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2048. Specification.
Collier & Thornton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
or other equivalent apparatus may be employed. By this arrangement the
shafts may be brought nearer to or farther from each other, as desired.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim, as secured to us under the above in part recited
Letters Patent,-
Firstly, the employment of cams or tappets for shedding the warp, such
cams or tappets being governed in their action by an endless chain of pegs,
jacquard cards, or equivalent apparatus.
5
Secondly, as applied to the letting off of the warp, the application of 10
the lever 2, the extremity thereof being below the centre of motion.
Thirdly, the use of catches acting direct upon the needles for maintaining
the shed, and also for affording the means of gaining a level warp.
Fourthly, mounting the rods which carry the shafts in apparatus which
will admit of their being separated from each other by hand, also mounting
the shafts upon sockets, capable of being adjusted upward or downward
upon rods.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Thornton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
SAMUEL THORNTON. (L.s.)
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYBE and WILLIAM Spottiswoode,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2124.
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Weaving Piled Fabrics.
LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Nickels, of the Albany Road, in the
County of Surrey, and James Hobson, of Leicester, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED when WEAVING PILED FABRICS BY THE
AID OF WIRES.”
Sealed the 12th December 1854, and dated the 3rd October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Nickels and
James Hobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd October 1854.
We, CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of the Albany Road, in the County of Surrey,
and JAMES HoBSON, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED when WEAVING PILED FABRICs
BY THE AID of WIREs," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists, first, of apparatus for introducing flat wires into
fabrics when made with warp and weft, and also when made by looping warps;
and, secondly, the Invention consists of apparatus for drawing out the wire
from the fabrics.
The apparatus for introducing flat wires is applicable in those looms and
warp machines where the wires are introduced and dropped across the warp
from a suitable trough or holder without moving the wire across from Selvage


2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2124. §:.
Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Piled Fabrics.
to selvage of the warp, as has usually been the case, except in the machinery
described by us in the Specification of a former Patent; and the present
improvements consist of employing two arms with grooves in them correspond-
ing with the flat wires, and such arms are caused to move under the hopper
or holder of the wires and to receive one wire in the grooves; the arms are
then caused to move back, carrying the wire between the warps, and they
hold the wire till it is fixed in the fabric; the arms then descend from the wire,
and they are again moved to the hopper or holder to receive another wire.
The second part of the Invention consists of the application of a sliding
nipping apparatus (peculiarly formed and combined) to one side of a loom or
warp machine, which nipping apparatus is caused to be constantly moved to
and from the Selvage of the fabric, the nipping parts being open when they
ceme up to the Selvage, and closed as they depart therefrom. The nipping
apparatus consists of a fixed part, which in going up to the selvage of the
fabric passes under the last wire, and there is a guage on such fixed part of
the nipper, against which the last wire comes. The moveable nipping surface
is a lever, and moves on an axis near one end, and it has a tendency to remain
open, but when about to move back, a cam or inclined surface is caused to
press on an incline at the back, so as to press it down, and tightly hold a wire
or wires between the nipping surfaces till the apparatus arrives at the end of
its course, when the cam or inclined surface is again moved, so as to release the
moveable part of the nipping apparatus, which causes the nipping apparatus to
let go of the wire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1855.
T0 ALL T0 WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHRISTOPHER
NICKELS, of the Albany Road, in the County of Surrey, and JAMEs Hobson, of
Leicester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson, Her special licence that we,
the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson, our executors, administra-
5
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30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2124. 3
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“T”y- ----—-------------- . . . . . . . - - - *T*T*-------- - – -
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Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Piled Fabrics.
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Christopher Nickels and
James Hobson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED when WEAVING PILED FABRICs BY THE AID or WIREs,” upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Christopher Nickels and James
Hobson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
This Invention consists, first, of apparatus for introducing flat wires into
fabrics when made with warp and weft, and also when made by looping warps;
and, secondly, the Invention consists of apparatus for drawing out the wire from
the fabrics. -
The apparatus for introducing flat wires is applicable in those looms and
warp machines where the wires are introduced and dropped across the warp
from a suitable trough or holder without moving the wire across from Selvage
to selvage of the warp, as has usually been the case, except in the machinery
described by us in the Specification of a former Patent; and the present
improvements consist of employing two arms with grooves in them corre-
sponding with the flat wires, and such arms are caused to move under the
hopper or holder of the wires, and to receive one wire in the grooves; the arms
are then caused to move back, carrying the wire between the warps, and they
hold the wire till it is fixed in the fabric; the arms then descend from the wire,
and they are again moved to the hopper or holder to receive another wire.
The second part of the Invention consists of the application of a sliding
nipping apparatus (peculiarly formed and combined) to one side of a loom or
warp machine, which nipping apparatus is caused to be constantly moved to
and from the selvage of the fabric, the nipping parts being open when they
come up to the selvage, and closed as they depart therefrom. The nipping
apparatus consists of a fixed part, which in going up to the selvage of the
fabric passes under the last wire, and there is a guage on such fixed part of
4. A.D. l 854.—N" 2 l 24. Specification.
Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Piled Fabrics.
the nipper, against which the last wire comes. The moveable nipping surface
is a lever, and moves on an axis near one end, and it has a tendency to
remain open, but when about to move back, a cam or inclined surface is
caused to press on an incline at the back, so as to press it down and tightly
hold a wire or wires between the nipping surfaces till the apparatus arrives
at the end of its course, when the cam or inclined surface is again moved, so
as to release the moveable part of the nipping apparatus, which causes the
nipping apparatus to let go of the wire.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGs.
Figure 1 shows a section of part of a loom for weaving piled fabrics,
having apparatus applied thereto, suitably arranged for introducing flat wires
into the fabric as it is woven. The wires are taken from a suitable trough or
holder and dropped across the warp. This part of the present Invention is
applicable to looms where the shed between the pile warp and the other warp
is opened by means of guides, as described in a former Patent, granted to us
on the Sixth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three; and as
the arrangement and manner of working of looms used when carrying out this
Invention are as the same as are described in the Specification to the said
former Patent (except so far as regards the apparatus for introducing flat wires
about to be described), we have only thought it necessary to show so much of a
loom as will enable us to describe, and a workman to understand, our present
improvements. The flat wires, shown separately at Figure 2, are formed with
a cutter at one end and a projecting surface at the other, which corresponds
in height with the edge of the cutter, so that the wires are piled in the
trough or holder one on the other, a space is left between the wires for the
arms or fingers 1, 2, to enter between two wires, and support the wires
which are above the fingers in the trough or holder. The wires are dropped
in succession from the holder b in the following manner —The arms or
fingers 1, 1, 2, 2, are carried by axes 3 & 4, supported in bearings at
each end of the holder, there being two fingers to each axis, placed so that
each axis by its fingers may alternately support the pile of wires. Motion is
communicated to the axes 3 and 4 by cams (fixed on the cam shaft or
axis) acting on levers, which give motion to the lever arms 5, 6, fixed on
the axes 3 and 4. When a wire is to be introduced into the shed, the
fingers 2, 2, are caused to enter the space above the bottom wire in the
holder (and to support the pile of wires), just before, and to remain during,
5
10
15
20
30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2124. 5
10
15
30
35
Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Piled Fabrics.
the time the fingers 1, 1, are moved from below the bottom wire to allow
it to drop from the holder; after which the fingers 1, 1, are moved under
the holder to support the wires, and the fingers 2, 2, are moved away to allow
the wires to descend in the holder, again to be supported by the fingers 1, 1,
until another wire is required.
The wires as they fall from the holder b are received in grooves or notches
formed in the ends of the arms 7, 7, which are moved to receive a wire
from the holder and to carry it into the shed under the pile warp, where
they hold it correctly whilst weft is thrown across into another shed in the
warp and the beat up takes place, after which the arms 7, 7, are caused to
descend a little to get away from the wires, and the arms 7, 7, are again
moved up into position to receive another wire from the holder. The arms
7, 7, are connected by pin joints to levers, which are acted upon by cam
surfaces fixed on the cam shaft or axis to move them to and fro, and the
arms 7, 7, are supported on guides, which are raised and lowered by a suit-
able cam surface fixed on the cam shaft or axis. We have not thought it
necessary to show the cams, as they will readily be formed by a workman.
Figure 3 shows a section of some of the parts of a warp machine, full size.
suitably arranged for having flat wires introduced when making piled fabrics
in this class of machinery; and as the mode of introducing other wires was
fully described in a former Patent, granted to us on the Eleventh day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, it will only be necessary to point
out the inodifications of the apparatus which are required for introducing flat
wires according to our present improvements. The wire holder is arranged
to deliver the wires in succession (as above described in respect to the loom)
to grooved instruments, carried by the arms c', c', carried by the bar c, which
conduct it into a position to be delivered by the points fº on to the pile warp
threads, in like manner to that described in the Specification of the Patent
before referred to. The grooved instruments which receive the wire from the
wire holder are short levers, which move on studs or axes carried by the
arms cº; and as they are moved underneath the wire holder, the inclined ends
(1*), (1*), come in contact with fixed projections (2*), (2*), at each end of the
machine, which cause them to assume a vertical position, as shown, below the
holder; and as they move away with the wire, they fall over by their own
gravity into a horizontal position (as shown by dotted lines), ready for the wire
to be taken by the points fºon to the pile warp to have the pile threads lapped
over the needles, so as to produce a piled fabric with flat wires, which cut the
loops formed over them when drawn out of the fabric.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which relates to
6 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2124. Specification.
Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Piled Fabrics.
apparatus for drawing out the wires from piled fabrics. Figure 4 shows a
plan, and Figure 5 a front view, of so much of a loom for having wires
introduced under the pile warp as will enable us to describe this part of our
Invention. a is a grooved bar, fixed to the framing of the loom, and passing
under the fabric; b is the nipping apparatus, carried by a bar b% which is
caused to slide to and from the Selvage of the fabric in the groove of the bar a
in the following manner:-c is a lever, connected by a strap or band c' to the
end of the sliding bar b% which carries the nipping apparatus; and d is another
lever, connected to the other end of the sliding bar bºby a band or strap d',
which passes round a pulley at the opposite side of the loom. The levers c
and d are connected by links to the crank axis e, as shown, by which a to and
fro movement is communicated to the sliding bar b' and nipping apparatus b.
b° is the fixed jaw of the nipping apparatus, which in going up to the selvage of
the fabric, passes under the wire which is next to be withdrawn. The wire is
prevented entering too far between the nippers by coming in contact with a
plate or guage on the end of the fixed jaw b%, as shewn, b” is the moveable
nipping lever jaw, which moves on an axis b% carried by the slide bº. The
lever jaw b'is caused to close upon, to hold, and to draw out a wire in the
following manner:—b' is an axis, carried by the slide b', upon which are fixed
the short lever arms b%, b’, and as the nipping surfaces approach the selvage
of the fabric, the lever arm b” comes in contact with the fixed stop bº, and causes
the lever arm b' to act on an incline on the moveable nipping lever jaw b',
which closes that jaw on the end at the wire, where it is retained whilst the
wire is drawn out from the fabric, and until the lever b% comes against the
fixed stop 5", which causes the nippers to open and release the wire.
Figure 6 shows a section, and Figure 7 part of a front view, of apparatus
suitable for drawing out wires from piled fabrics made in warp machinery, as
described in the Specification of the Patent before referred to; and as the
apparatus for drawing out the wires from warp fabrics is similar to that just
described for drawing out the wires from fabrics woven in shuttle looms, it
will only be necessary to state that the corresponding parts of the two arrange-
ments are marked with the same letters of reference. It should, however,
be stated, that the levers c, d, (not shown in these Figures,) which move the
slide bºto and and fro, work above in place of below the slide.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of 3
performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not claim any
of the mechanical parts separately; neither do we confine ourselves to the
precise details, so long as the peculiar character of either part of our Inven-
tion be retained. But what we claim is, the combined apparatus herein
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A.D. 1854.0C'roBER 3.Nº. 2124.
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A.D. 1854. OCTOBER 3. Nº 2124.
NICKELS & HOBSON'S Specification.
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A.D. 1854. OCTOBER 3. Nº 2124.
NICKELS&HOBSON'S SPECIFICATION.
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- - - -





“-- A.D. 1854.—Nº 2124. 7
Nickels & Hobson's Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Plled Fabrics.
described for introducing wires into fabrics, as described in respect to Figures
1 and 3.
And, secondly, we claim the peculiar combination of nipper apparatus for
drawing wires out from piled fabrics, as described in respect to Figures 4, 5, 6,
5 and 7.
In witness whereof. we, the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS. (L.s.)
10 JAMES HOBSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
JNo. ALCOCK.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDwARD EYRE and WILLIAM SpottiswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2148.
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Circular Looms.
LETTERS PATENT to François Durand, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
| and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Mechanician, for the Invention
of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR Loons.”
Sealed the 27th March 1855, and dated the 5th October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Durand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1854.
I, FRANÇois DURAND, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South
5 Street, Finsbury, London, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTs in CIRCULAR LOOMs" to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in the construction & application, 1stly, of thread
passers, for producing weft continuously; 2ndly, of needles to hold the weft,
for obtaining a great variety of form and colors.
10 In the accompanying Drawing, A represents the frame; B, the pullies; C,
a horizontal shaft, on which are set the excentrics D, the pinions E, the excen-
trics F, and the collar G, of the regulator; D is an excentric, which works the
lever Z"; D is the groove of the excentric D; E are the pinions, which work
the shafts H by means of the pinions I; F are excentrics, which work the
15, treddles Y; G, the excentric collar of the regulator; H, vertical shafts, upon
which are set the pinions I & J ; J, pinions working the pinions K; K,





2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. sº.
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
pinions upon the shaft L; L, shaft, upon which is the wheel M and the pinions
K; M, wheel, working the thread passers N ; O, the comb, set upon the
shaft P; q, the harness; R, shafts, upon which are set the excentrics S and
the slots T; S, the excentric, which moves the harness q; T, the slots; U, the
crank, which works the excentric; W, the catch of the thread passer; W*,
spring of the catch W: W, the needles for the weft threads; Wº, balance
levers, which depress the needles W.; X, disengagers; Y, treddles, which
communicate motion to the cranks U; y', friction roller, working in the
groove D' of the excentric D; Z, shaft, working the lever Z", which works
the shafts P.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said François Durand in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANgois
DURAND, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
François Durand, Her special license that I, the said François Durand, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said François
Durand, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR
Looms,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said François Durand,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said François Durand, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. 3
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:—
The several improvements in circular looms constituting my Invention
5 consist,-
First, in mechanical arrangements of a circular loom, whereby the weft
threads cross the warp threads by means of a continuous circular motion.
Secondly, in a system of pass thread readers, with or without a shuttle, and
acting as an endless or intermittent weft.
10 Thirdly, in the construction of a weft needle carrier, to vary the colors and
form the design.
Fourthly, in a new needle knife carrier, to cut mechanically plain velvet or
only alternate parts of velvet on tissue.
Fifthly, in mechanical arrangements for constructing a guipeur twisting
I5 hook.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DBAwiNgs.
Figure 1, Drawing I., represents an end elevation of the loom; Figure 2, a
side view.
Figures 1 to 13, Drawing II., and Figures I to 5, Drawing III., shew in
20 detail the several parts.
The pulley a, Figure 1, is put in motion by the moving power, & is set
upon the axle b, which carries the excentrics c & d of the bevel wheels e ;
this axle b is maintained in chairs forming part of the supports f, which are
firmly fixed to the ground. t
25 The excentric c, composed of two parts or cheeks, has a groove containing a
roller cº, Figure 2, supported by a lever, which, by means of the levers cº & cº,
puts in motion the reed a, Figure 1. The excentric d moves the jacquard by
means of the roller d" and levers d’, Figures 1 & 2.
The warp threads g, Figure 2, are warped upon the roller g’, which is pre-
80 pared by the pressure produced on its circumference by the cord h and a
weight, acting on the counterpoise h". The tissue is formed at the opposite
end to the warp roller g’, and passes over a cylinder g” as soon as it is woven;
it is rolled upon the cylinder g’ by means of a regulator, worked as usual by
one of the moveable organs of the loom.
35 The plates i, Figures 1 and 2, are firmly bolted to the frame on the side
where the weaving takes place. These plates, forming discs, are double, and
united by means of tie pieces; they contain internally the pinions j, which
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. Specification.
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
receive their motion from the vertical axis k, k, provided with bevil wheels
e', the lower ones of which cog with the wheels e, set upon the axle b. The
plates are elongated at top to i' to support the jacquard machine; the parts tº
also carry the needles l, l, l, continually raised by means of spiral springs; the
upper parts of the needles l are moved by the levers m, receiving their move-
ment from the jacquard. At the lower extremity of these needles l is a hole,
through which passes the weft thread, fed by the bobbins, carried by the
oblong frame.
The pass thread readers m (herein-after described), as well as the principal
organs of the loom, are connected with a part of a toothed circle, which cogs
with the pinions j, set upon the same axis as the bevel wheels ē, which are
put in motion by the wheels e of the axis k, k. Each reader n has a moveable
knob n', so disposed that a spring causes it to egress, and the pressure forces
it to return. -
Every part being arranged as represented in the Drawing, the readers n are
placed on the right and left, as shewn in Figure l; the warp threads g are in
the centre of the loom, and the reed a at the end of its course, in advance for
acting on the tissue. The apparatus continuing to work, the reed r is drawn
back by the roller cº, set in motion by the slot prepared in the excentric c, and
at this time the readers n continue their circular motion in order to cross the
warp threads, when, by crossing towards the top, the knob n' catches one of
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the weft threads which is presented to it by one of the needles l. This allows
the knob n to cross this weft thread between the warp threads; but when the
thread carrier has crossed the weft threads, the under part of the knob m'
meets with the disengaging piece n°, shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1, which
disengages the thread from the knob n”. This thread can be retained upon
the side by a very fine needle or by a special warp thread, serving to maintain
the weft thread, or by any other means. The movements of the needle, as
well as that of the rising threads, are produced by means of the jacquard, and
all these movements, which are dependant upon each other, take place at
the proper times in consequence of the movement given to the pulley a by the
moving power.
The needles l, l, l, as well as the readers n, and their mode of acting in the
weaving, permit of the application to the tissues of an endless weft with one
or a variety of colors, forming one of the principal characteristics of this
Invention. The object of these needles l is here simply to furnish the endless
weft with the same or with various colors, according to the reading of the
pattern to be produced. It is well understood that the needles, the number
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Specification. A .D. | 85 4.—N" 2 | 48.
5
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Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
of which is determined according to necessity, are put in motion by means of
the jacquard necking cords, which are fastened to the small lever m.
Each needle l carries a weft thread of the desired color, and in consequence
the cards of the jacquard being read for all the shoots of weft required by the
design to be produced, the weft thread which descends is shot by its special
needle, and arrives within the range travelled over by the knob n'; this thread,
therefore, is drawn alone and crossed into the warp threads. The needle is
afterwards raised by its spiral spring into the space which separates two
movements of the knob m”.
For certain kinds of stuffs, caoutchouc lace for instance, I fix the caoutchouc
without crossing it in the lams at the centre of rotation. I also fix the
ground warp, to form a pinking between each thread of caoutchouc; these warp
threads are raised from top to bottom, and vice versa, above the reader. I
replace the pass thread button n' by a shuttle carrying thread, as in the ordi-
nary system; one shuttle then crosses underneath the caoutchouc and the
other above, the opening is changed, and the thread at bottom ascends whilst
those at top descend; and consequently the tissue is very quickly formed, as
there are always two shoots of the shuttle, although the looms do not work
quicker than the ordinary ones, thus producing double the quantity of tissue
within the same space of time. It will be seen that this improved loom can
be constructed of any dimensions, and serve as well for narrow tissues as for
those of a considerable width; this is obtained by varying the relative forms &
dimensions of the different organs, according to the products to be obtained.
Figure 1, Drawing II., represents a front view, and Figure 2 a horizontal
section, of a plate similarly disposed to that represented at i, Drawing I.,
but here the whole is arranged for manufacturing pile carpets, axminster,
velvets, &c. &c.
The reader n is employed as in the loom herein-before described for
manufacturing tissues, and the weaving is performed in the same manner;
only in this case, instead of a single warp, I fix several, such as ground
and binding warp, according to the requirements of the articles wished to be
obtained. -
For my improvements in manufacturing velvet, the needle p, which is pro-
vided with a knife p", is taken hold of at the proper moment between the warp
threads, and when these latter are fastened to the tissues, the knob m takes hold
of the rod of the needle carrier p, and draws it with its support q, which slides
in the grooves of the cast-iron piece r, screwed upon the plates i, i, of the
loom, as represented in Drawing I. This needle p, provided with a knife p",
6 A.D. 1854.—N" 2148. specification.
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
cuts in its rotative movement the threads, when this needle egresses from the
tissue; and in continuing the movement, the knob n' is forced to cross one or
several of the weft threads into the warp; then it abandons the needle carrier
to recommence periodically the same functions, which take place by the
movement of the disengaging piece nº upon the lever of the knob m', which
causes it to disappear when required, that it should not encounter the needle
carrier p. It must be evident that for weaving terry this needle p does not
carry a knife.
Figures 3, 4, & 5, Drawing II., represent the details of the reader. Figure 3
is an elevation; Figure 4, a transverse section; and Figure 5, a plan. In
these Figures is shewn the nob n' and its lever n”, which imparts to it its
to and fro movement for taking hold and crossing the weſt thread into those
of the warp, and leaving that thread when it egresses from the said warp
threads as soon as the spring m” is compressed by the disengaging piece n',
Figure 1, Drawing I. It will be seen, also, in these three Figures that the
reader is provided with a toothed segment, carrying two veinings intended to
engage and work in two circular grooves made in the plate r.
Figure 6 represents a vertical section of one of the arrangements that can
be employed for communicating the movement to the shuttle carrying the
thread for the listeres or selvages.
When an edged texture with two selvages (lisières) is to be obtained, I fix
the shuttles carrying the thread upon the plate r before the machine, at the
opposite side to the needle thread carriers l, and at the egress of the weft
threads I place the warp threads for the knob n'. When the reader n has
drawn the double weft thread into the warp, and is nearly arrived under the
disengaging piece n', Figure 1, Drawing I., this weft thread has formed an
acute angle on the other side of the warp threads, & the shuttle s, which is
placed underneath the angle formed by the weft thread, passes into the interior
of this angle, leaving in its passage the lisière thread which carries its quill;
the thread carrier remains placed above the circumference described by the
knob n' of the reader n. This shuttle s is worked by two pinions s' & s”,
which cog alternatively with the rack with which the shuttle s is provided;
these pinions s' and sº cog with the toothed segment sº, which receives its
alternate movement from a connecting rod s” for transmitting it to the
shuttle s. This arrangement, which is represented horizontally, can be
employed vertically with great advantage for conducting the stitching
shuttless, Figure 6.
Figures 7 & 8 represent, in elevation and plan, an arrangement for obtaining
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. 7
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Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
chenille. In this case the warp threads are alternatively opened by the
movement of a special lam t, which carries the spindles tº pierced with a
hole at their upper extremity, through which the warp thread is passed; the
other spindles w are fixed to the cross pieces wº, and are pierced at their lower
parts, in order that the warp threads may also pass through them. The cross
pieces wº, are sustained by lateral supports, which allows of their receiving a
to and fro motion, and as these cross pieces are united by a cord turning in the
groove of a pulley, it follows that in communicating the motion to one of these
cross pieces, the other one also receives it, but in a contrary direction, which
causes the warp threads to cross. This effect takes place at the moment
when the lam t has drawn down the other threads; it is then that the knob nº
of the reader n hooks the weft thread, placed within the circumference of this
knob n' by the movement of the jacquard. The knob n' afterwards passes the
thread above one of the spindles wº, causes it to cross through the warp, and
to encounter the disengaging piece, which forces the knob n' to re-enter into
the interior of the reader; then the weft thread, which has been left free, falls
upon the second spindle wº, and the reed forms the tissue, which is placed back-
ward by the regulator. This weft thread is cut at the side by the knives wº,
which the spindles w” carry, always leaving some weft in advance of the knives
upon the spindles wº to hold the tissue during the weaving.
The arrangement shewn in Figures 9 and 10, Drawing II., relates to the
guipeur or hook for twisting the fringes in tissues. The iron square V is fixed
upon the extremity of the lever or support C", shewn in Drawings I. & II.
This square carries at its upper part the twisting hook V', the opposite
extremity of which carries a small pulley W*, Serving to put the hook V in
motion.
The Drawing represents the reed a at the end of its course for striking the
tissue; the hook V" has then taken the weft thread downwards. The square
V* has a catch groove intended to cause the egress from the hook V of the
fringe that it has whipped about in turning during its course. The reed a,
arriving at the extremity of its range, meets in its passage the catch of the
square V*, which disengages the fringe, as herein-before described. The reed
in returning brings back the square V* near to the surface of the plate, in
causing the hook V to turn by means of the cord running round the pulley,
and leaves the hook V in the position of hooking up the weft thread, which is
brought back in the same manner as in the other arrangements, herein-before
described.
Figure 11 represents the disc r carrying two pass thread readers n,
8 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. Specification.
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
º
provided at their hooking knob n' with two ranges of needles l, capable
of supplying with weft threads two tissues, which are woven at the same
time and upon the same loom. This arrangement is also provided with two
shuttles s, charged with thread to form the lisières. In this Figure is also
seen the manner in which the bobbins, supplying the needles l with thread,
are supported.
Figures 1 & 2, Drawing III., represents a brocading needle applicable to
my Invention. By this apparatus a smaller number of cards are required,
and the substance employed for forming the weft is greatly economized.
Figure 1 is a front view, and Figure 2 a side view, of the kind of loom seen
in Drawing I. i. i*, the top of the frame of the loom; j, pinions working the
toothed reader n, provided with its knob n”; 2, levers putting in motion the
needles z' and the disengaging piece zº. The levers z are drawn back by
the spiral springs; l, needle carrying the ground weft threads; zº, necking
cords put in motion by the jacquard. In these Figures the necessary organs
for exemplifying the apparatus are only shewn, having herein-before described
a complete loom ready for weaving.
The warp being open, the reader n performs its rotative movement, and its
knob nº hooks a weft thread to one of the needles 2". This thread is therefore
lowered within the radius traversed over by the knob n', which crosses this
said thread through the warp to the piece z”, which the jacquard has lowered
by means of the necking cords, in order to force the knob n' to withdraw into
the support. At this moment this weft thread, which was drawn by the
knob nº, frees itself, and the reader, in continuing its course, passes the piece
2*, whilst the knob n' has been raised by its spiral spring, which causes it to
resume its original position, and to seize again another thread from another
needle, which has been lowered with its piece z*; in continuing the movement,
the second weft thread is released from the button n’, when it arrives at the
permanent piece n°, on account of the knob n' being able to conduct at once,
or alternatively, the ground weft thread, and one or many brocade threads.
These latter can be in any variety of colors; any desired effect can be
obtained.
Figures 3, 4, & 5 represent a front view, a plan, and a side view, of a
portion of the upper part of a loom, but disposed for weaving a simple weft
stuff. The reader n, as herein-before described, is always put in motion by
the pinions j, set between the "cheeks of the plates i; only the knob n' is
replaced by the pincers n°, and the needles l are replaced by the tube l',
through which the weft thread passes. The upper part of the pincers nº can
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. 9
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Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
slide upon the upper part of the tube l’, and the lower part under the same,
in such a manner that, when arrived at the extremity of this tube, the
pincers m” in closing, by means of their spring, seizes the thread which is
passed into this tube, and draws it across the warp to release it at the opposite
extremity to where it entered. When arrived at this point, the pincers are
opened by the piece V* placed in the proper situation for performing this
function in the natural course of the reader n. A little before the thread is
released, the reader m encounters the lever V*, which puts in motion the lever
W*, which bears upon the thread to keep it stretched; the piece V* carries
at the extremity, engaged in the tissue, a thread which is held by a very fine
small needle, which the mechanism withdraws each time the reed has struck
& forms the lisière upon the edge of the tissue. When once the weft thread
is engaged into the tissue, a small blade rises from the side where the thread
moves, and cuts it on the edge of the tissue in such manner that the pincers,
on their return, find there is enough thread for it to take, and cause it to
repass again to form the tissue. I can also unite the edges by means of
gauze stitches, or by any other means, according to the kind of tissue to be
WOWeI).
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
of putting the same into execution, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details of construction, or modus operandi herein-
before described, so long as the principle of my Invention be retained; but
what I claim as constituting my Invention, and intended to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, - -
First, the mode of crossing the weft thread in weaving by a continuous
rotatory motion, as herein-before described and referred to in Figures 1 & 2,
Drawing I, and Figures 3, 4, & 5, Drawing III.
Secondly, the construction of the pass thread reader, with or without shuttle,
acting as an endless or intermittent weft, as herein-before described and
referred to in Figures 1, 2, 3, & 5, Drawing III.
Thirdly, the construction of weft needle carriers to vary the colors, and read
the designs, as herein-before described and referred to in Figures 1 & 2,
Drawing III.
Fourthly, the mode of constructing needle knife carriers for cutting
mechanically plain velvet or alternate parts of velvet or fabrics, as herein-
before described and referred to in Figures 1 & 2, Drawing II.
Fifthly, the mode of applying the plate i, i, and the shuttle lisière carrier,
as herein-before described and referred to in Figure 6, Drawing II.
10 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2148. Specification.
Durand's Improvements in Circular Looms.
Sixthly, the mechanical arrangement of the guipeur, as herein-before
described and referred to in Figures 9 & 10 of Drawing II.
In witness whereof, I, the said François Durand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
F. DURAND. (L.s.)
ºm
gº-º-º-º:
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYBE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
A.D. 1854. OCT 5. Nº 2448.
DURAND'S PRovisionAL SPECIFICATION.
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5
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . Nº 2190.
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Dobson, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, Bleacher, for the Invention of “CERTAIN IMPRovements In Looks
For WEAVING."
Sealed the 3rd April 1855, and dated the 13th October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Dobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1854.
I, ARTHUR Dobson, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Bleacher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTs
In Looms for WEAVING" to be as follows:—
My improvements consist in giving a positive motion to the vibrating rail
of a loom from the tappet or other shaft which gives motion to the heddles.
The vibration of the rail has hitherto generally been effected by the tension of
the warp, which is counterbalanced by a spring or weight. The object of my
Invention is to render the action of the vibrating rail more efficacious. One
mode of carrying my Invention into operation is by a tappet on the tappet
shaft acting on a lever, which is connected to a lever fixed on the fulcrum
shaft of the vibrator; this tappet depresses the lever and the vibrating rail
when the shed is closed, and the lever and vibrating rail are raised by a
spring when the shed is opened. The rising of the vibrating rail, being at all
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Q A.H.). I S.54.—Nº 2 190. Provisional
- Specification.
IOobson's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
times equal to the opening of the shed, keeps the warp at a uniform tension.
In addition to the vibrating rail, I place a shaft between the fulcrum shaft and
the vibrating rail ; a cross rail, lined below with vulcanized india-rubber or
other suitable material, is supported in spring boxes above this intermediate
shaft. This cross rail is pressed on to the warp when the shed is opened to
secure and hold the warp. When the shed is closed, the intermediate shaft
is depressed, thereby setting the warp free to be drawn forward in the usual
manner. I also propose in some cases to work the vibrating rail by an
excentric on the crank shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Dobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
Dobson, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the cighteenth year cf Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Arthur Dobson, Her special license that I, the said Arthur Dobson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Dobson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “Cºrrain Improvements in
L00Ms FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Arthur Dobson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Dobson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following Specification
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings (that is to say):--
10
20
30
35
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Speciſication. A.D. l 854 .—N” 2 l 90. 3
10
Q
5
S0
Dobson's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
My said Invention consists of improved combinations of machinery for
imparting a positive motion to the vibrating rail of a loom, which motion
can be regulated according to the shed; also in the application of certain parts
by which the warp is held when it is separated to form the shed, by means
of which improvements the injurious strains on the warp are diminished or
avoided, and a more uniform cloth is produced than heretofore.
I have in the said Drawings given Figures for shewing how my improve-
ments may be constructed, similar parts in each of the Figures being marked
with similar letters of reference.
Figure 1 of the said Drawings is a side elevation of the principal parts of a
loom to which my improvements are applied; Figure 2 is another view of the
same, in which the parts constituting my improvements are represented in
another position. a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the warp beam;
d, the fulcrum shaft of the vibrator; 2, the heddles; e, the breast beam; f, the
taking-up roller; and g, the cloth beam. These and all the other parts of the
loom which are not shewn in the Drawings are made in the ordinary manner.
To the crank shaft a is fixed an excentric h, which gives motion to the lever i,
fixed to the fulcrum shaft d of the vibrator, by means of the link j. To the
shaft d are fixed two levers k, which support the vibrating rail l and the inter-
mediate shaft m, above which is the cross rail m, the lower surface of which is
lined with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material; this cross rail
is supported in the spring boxes o. p is a cross shaft, over which the warp is
taken before it passes through the heddles z. In Figure 1 the parts are shewn
in the positions they occupy when the shed is open; and in Figure 2 they are
shewn in the positions they assume when the shed is closed. The mode of
operation is as follows:—The warp, which is indicated by the lines q, on
leaving the warp beam c is taken over the fulcrum shaft d, and over the inter-
mediate shaft m, then under the vibrating rail l, and over the cross shaft p,
from whence it is taken in the ordinary manner through the heddles z. When
the shed is open, as in Figure 1, the intermediate shaft m presses the warp
against the cross rail n, thereby securing the length of yarn in the loom from
the influence of the back strain on the warp beam, and enabling the shed to
be formed with facility, and consequently without injury to the warp; but as
soon as the shuttle has been thrown across the open shed, the excentric h,
acting as before described on the lever i, depresses the vibrating rail l and
intermediate shaft m, which then assume the position shewn in Figure 2. The
warp is thus liberated from between the intermediate shaft m and cross rail n,
and is consequently free to be drawn off the warp beam by the blow of the
reed striking home the weft, and by the action of the taking-up motion. The
4 A.D. 1854.—N" 2.190. Specification.
Dobson's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
position of the cross shaft p is so regulated that the depression of the vibrating
rail l tightens the warp when the shed is closed ; consequently when the rail l
is elevated, the warp is slackened at the required time to allow the shed to be
opened. This provision for tightening and slackening the warp is particularly
beneficial in weaving linen or other yarns, which from their want of elasticity
are liable to break when subjected to sudden jerks. It will be apparent to
any practical weaver, that by varying the point of attachment of the link j
to the lever i, more or less motion may be given to the vibrating rail l to suit
the shed required. The excentric h is fixed to the crank shaft a by means of
a set screw, in order that the ascent and descent of the vibrating rail may be
regulated according to the cloth that is being woven. For a medium quality of
cloth, the descent of the vibrating rail commences when the reed has performed
from one-half or three-fifths of its stroke towards the cloth. I would also
remark that instead of an excentric, such as that marked h, a double tappet
fixed on the shaft b may be used for giving motion to the vibrator. .
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein set forth; but what I claim is, the improved com-
binations of machinery shewn and described for imparting a positive motion
to the vibrating rails of looms, also the parts marked m and n for holding
the warp when it is separated to form the shed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Dobson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
ARTHUR DOBSON. (L.s.)
Witness,
H. B. BARLow,
Manchester.
º
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SpottiswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
==
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15
25
10
I 5
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2329.
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Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Walmsley and John Day, both of Failsworth
near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs.”
Sealed the 12th January 1855, and dated the 3rd November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Walmsley and
John Day at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd November 1854.
We, HENRY WALMSLEY and JoHN DAY, both of Failsworth, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs" to be as follows:—
Instead of the usual picking leathers, spindles, springs, picking bands, or
similar contrivances, to effect the motion generally known by the term of
picking, which motion strikes the shuttle from one shuttle box to another
at the other side of the loom, we propose to fix an angular lever, either
cranked laterally or straight, in the lower limb, which lever will be thrown
into motion by the tappet shaft, and is brought to bear directly on the hori-
zontal or lower limb upon the picking stick socket, and is thereby moved.
We also use a double-sided or jawed swivel, carrying the picking stick socket,
which double-sided swivel works upon a cast-iron stud, firmly bolted to the
loom, and is thereby independent of the swing rail. By this improvement
of the loom we obtain a great saving of the first cost of construction, and in


2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2329. Provisional
Specification.
Walmsle Dau's Improvements in Looms.
y p
alterations we avoid the necessity of new wheels, which are absolutely neces-
sary on the present plans of constructing the loom. The accompanying outline
Drawing shews clearly the nature of these improvements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Walmsley and John Day in the Great Seal Patent
Oſlice on the 2nd May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
WALMSLEY and John DAY, both of Failsworth, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Henry Walmsley and John Day, Her special licence that we, the
said Henry Walmsley and John Day, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Henry Walmsley and John Day, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOx13,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said IIenry Walmsley and John Day, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal I.etters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Walmsley, for and on behalf
of myself and the said John Day, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the motion or process technically
called “picking,” which is the operation of passing each shuttle from one
shuttle box to the other through the warp threads, and thus put in weft, each
thread of which is called a “pick;" and instead of the usual picking leathers,
10
20
25
30
A.D. 1854. Now EMBER 3: Nº 2329.
(ISHEET.)
WALMSLEY&DAY'S ProvisionAi. Specification.
O
The drawing (of wiſh Provºomaſ. ºpecification is not coloradº.
Drawn on Stone by Mally & Sons.
London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Sportswoope,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 1855.





A.D. 1854 Nov 3.No.2329.
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2329. 3
10
15
20
30
35
Walmsley & Day's Improvements in Looms.
spindles, springs, or picking bands, we fix an angular lever, either cranked.
laterally or straight in the lower limb, which lever will be thrown into motion
by the tappet shaft, and is brought to bear directly on the horizontal or lower
limb upon the picking stick socket, and is thereby moved. We also use a
double-sided or jawed swivel, carrying the picking stick socket, which double-
sided swivel works upon a cast-iron stud, firmly bolted to the loom, and is
thereby independent of the swing rail. By these improvements in the loom
we obtain a great saving in the first cost of construction, and in alterations we
avoid the necessity of new wheels, which are absolutely necessary on the
present plans of construction.
Our said improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are
used to represent the same parts in all the Figures. Fig. 1 is a front, and
Fig. 2 an end, elevation of the main parts of a loom with our improvements
attached. Fig. 3 is a plan, shewing part of the side frames, tappet shaft, and
the improvements connected therewith. Figs. 4 and 5 are views of detached
parts. a represents the side frames of the loom; b, the driving shaft; c, the
tappet shaft; d, the connecting rods; e, the sword arms; and f, the slay.
Inside the side frames a, the two levers g, furnished with the friction rollers h,
are fixed on the tappet shaft in such positions as to give the required alternate
motion to the pickers. As the levers g revolve, they come in contact at the
part i with the bent or bell-crank levers k, seen detached at Fig. 5, vibrating
on their fulcrums l, fixed in the side frames a, having their ends m passing
through the guides m, which are fixed to the side frames a. The levers k press
upon other bent levers 0, seen detached at Fig. 4, supported in the double links
or carriers p, which move on the pins q, fixed to the side frames a. To the
upper part of the levers o the picker arms rare attached, and at their other
ends the springs s are connected. The operation, which is very simple, is as
follows:–The levers g with their rollers h come in contact with the levers k,
pressing the ends in downwards and the picker arms r inwards, thus acting
upon the shuttle as required. When the pressure of the levers g is taken off,
the springs s cause the return or backward motion to the picker arms r.
Upon the side frames a we place the cushions t, made of leather or other
suitable material, against which the picker arms rebound.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we desire it
to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact
details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing
from the principle thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which, to the
4 A.D. 1854.—N" 2329. Specification.
Walmsley & Day's Improvements in Looms.
best of our knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within this
realm, the improved mode or method of working the pickers of looms, as
such improvements are herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Walmsley, for and on behalf of 5
myself and the said John Day, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this First day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
HENRY WALMSLEY. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Henry Walmsley, in the presence of I 0
E. J. Hughes,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswoode,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2335.
Machinery for Preparing and Dressing Yarns.
LETTERS PATENT to James Atherton, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and John Kinlock, of the same Place,
Manager, for the Invention of “ Improvements in Machinery on Appa-
RATUs FoE PREPARING AND SIZEING or DREssing YARMs or THREADs."
Sealed the 12th January 1855, and dated the 3rd November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Atherton and John
Kinlock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd November 1854.
We, JAMEs ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and JoHN KINLOCK, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
BATUs poR PREPARING AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARMS OR THREADs" to be
as follows:—
10
I5
This Invention relates to various novel modifications and arrangements
of machinery of the kind which is technically known as the “tape-sizeing
machine,” ordinarily used for sizeing or dressing yarns for the manufacturer.
In these new arrangements the squeezing rollers are not actuated simply by
the tensional action of the yarn or thread under treatment, but are driven in a
positive and certain manner through the agency of gearing and mechanical
connections. In the arrangement preferred, the squeezing rollers are driven
from the first or main driving shaft of the machine, on the end of which shaft
is a spur wheel, driving an intermediate stud wheel. The latter carries a bevil

2 A.D. 1854.—N” 23:35. s:.
Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarms.
wheel, driving a horizontal shaft at right angles with the main shaft. At the
opposite end of the horizontal shaft are a pair of bevil wheels, driving a small
upright shaft, which works the squeezing rollers. The wooden cylinder or
roller, placed next to the two drying cylinders or revolving drums, to assist the
yarn in drawing them round, is actuated by the same general mechanical
arrangement or system of gearing, and the brushes employed for driving the
yarn are driven in a similar manner, that is to say, the wooden cylinder
before mentioned and rotatory brushes are driven from the same shaft as
the squeezing rollers, and by a similar system of gearing, so as to take
off all strain from the yarn, particularly in fine numbers. The crude and
undressed yarn is uncoiled or wound off from the yarn beams prior to the
dressing action coming into play by means of gearing also in connection with
the same horizontal or side shaft. This arrangement is employed for the
purpose of ensuring uniform delivery from the entire series of beams, so that
the ends of the yarn upon the several beams will all come out or off at the
same time, the delivery being a positive one, incapable of error. When the
yarn is finished, it is wound upon the weaver's beam by the agency of a
frictional motion. This frictional motion is similar to that already in use for
winding the yarn on to the beam in the ordinary dressing frame. At one end
of the shaft, which is actuated from the tapered drum shaft, and which crosses
the machine and works the yarn beam, is placed a toothed wheel, revolving
separately from the shaft, and between two disc plates, which are fixed to the
shaft. By means of two thumb screws passing through the disc plates, and
pressing against the face of the wheel, the wheel can be connected with the
disc plates as tightly as may be required. The object of this is that the yarn
may be wound on the beam at the same speed as it is delivered from the
cylinders. As the quantity of yarn on the beam increases, it begins of course
to take up faster, and as the delivery of yarn from the cylinders is positive,
a great strain would take place. As soon as the yarn begins to tighten, the
toothed wheel will slip and move faster than the disc plates, and prevent the
yarn from being taken up too fast; by this means any quality of yarns, how-
ever fine, may be subjected to the sizeing process. We also employ another
mode of winding the finished yarn on the weaver's beam, by making use of a
rotatory drum or cylinder, actuated from the horizontal side shaft, herein-before
mentioned. The outer circumference of this drum (which is so arranged as to
move round at the same rate as the delivery cylinders) is in contact with the
weaver's beam, and thus causes it to revolve and take up the yarn at the same
speed. The beam works in a slot and rises as it fills; the cylinder and beam
are kept in contact by a lever and weight, or a shaft and break. By these
10
I5
20
25
30
35
Specification.
Provisional A.D. 1854.—N" 2335. 3
10
I 5
20
25
30
35
Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
means we dispense with the ordinary taper drums and a quantity of gearing
now in use, thus reducing considerably the expense of the machine ; and a
greater quantity of yarn can also be put on the same beam, thus ensuring a
saving to the manufacturer. This mode of winding the yarn on the weaver's
beam may be adopted, if required, without any other improvement. Portions
of these improvements or modifications thereof are applicable to the common
system of dressing. For the purpose of Securing an accurate measurement of
the quantity of yarn required on each beam for the sizeing or dressing
machine, an apparatus is arranged, in connection with the warping mill, to
enable the attendant to determine exactly on the amount delivered. A worm
on the end of the measuring roller of the warping mill drives a wheel, the
horizontal shaft of which carries a bevil wheel geared with a vertical shaft;
the lower end of this shaft has upon it a worm driving a wheel parallel to the
side of the machine, and carrying a bevil wheel working a horizontal shaft,
which has upon it a finger or stud; this stud acts upon a weight or pendant
lever, which, being raised by the stud, slips or tumbles when a certain length
of yarn has been put upon the beam. The pendant lever comes in contact
with an upright lever, and a spring then acts upon the strap fork, and
stops the mill. This gearing is so arranged that the teeth in the first wheel,
acted upon by the first worm, denote the number of yarns in each “cut;" and
the second wheel, in connection with the second worm, denotes the number
of “cuts.” When this last wheel has made one revolution, the mill is
stopped, as herein-before described. An indicator is also employed to show
the workman the quantity of cuts which has been put on the beam, in case
more are required to be put in than is denoted by one revolution of the wheel.
This indicator is worked by means of a worm on the horizontal shaft, which
has the stud or finger upon it. This worm works a wheel at the bottom of
an upright shaft, at the top of which is the disc plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Atherton and John Kinlock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMEs
ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and John
KINLock, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2335. Specification.
Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Atherton and John Kinlock, Her special license that we, the said
James Atherton and John Kinlock, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, our execu-
tors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
AND SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNs or THREADS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, by an instrument
in writing under our hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:—
Our said Invention relates to various novel arrangements of machinery or
apparatus to be used for preparing and sizeing or dressing yarn or threads as
pursued in the mauufacture of textile fabrics, such novel arrangements having
reference to what is technically known as the tape-sizeing machine, as well
as to the “warping mill or machine.”
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings here-
unto annexed.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of our Drawings is a side external elevation of what
is technically known as a “tape-sizeing machine,” as modified and arranged
according to our said Invention. The after end of the framing of this
machine is represented as broken away, to avoid repetition of the unsized
warp beams, three only of which are here shewn in position. Figure 2 on
the same Sheet of Drawings is a plan of the machine with two unsized warp
beams only in position, and with but a small portion of the warp threads
shewn as passing through the machine.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of our Drawings is a side external elevation of our
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2335. s
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Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
improved machinery or apparatus as arranged to work in connection with the
warping mill, so as to enable the attendant to measure accurately the quantity
of yarn necessary for each beam; Figure 2 on the same Sheet is a plan of
this apparatus, corresponding to Figure l; Figure 3 is an enlarged eleva-
tion in detail of the stop rod machinism; and Figure 4 is a plan of the same
parts corresponding.
In our improved modification of the “tape-sizeing machine, the squeezing
rollers thereof are not actuated simply by the tensional action of the yarn or
threads under treatment, as has hitherto been the case, but are driven in a
positive and certain manner by the agency of gearing and special mechanical
connections. In the arrangements which we prefer for this purpose the
squeezing rollers are driven from the main or first motion driving shaft A
of the machine, which shaft carries at one end the pair of band pulleys B.
This first motion shaft, which is carried in end bearings in the main side
standards of the machine, has at its opposite end a spur pinion C, in gear with
an intermediate spur wheel D, running loose on a stood, fast in the framing
standard. The wheel D carries or is in one piece with a bevil wheel E, which
gears with a corresponding bevil wheel F, fast on the long horizontal shaft G.
This shaft G is carried by a series of bracket bearings H, on the outside of
the frame. Near the opposite end of the shaft G is a bevil wheel I, in gear
with a bevil pinion J, fast on the lower end of a short vertical shaft K, carried
by an external collar bracket bearing bolted to the frame. The upper end of
the shaft K carries a bevil pinion L, gearing with the bevil wheel M, fast on
one end of the spindle of the lower squeezing roller N. In this way the lower
squeezing roller N, with its upper counterpart roller O, is actuated by the
driving gear in a direct and positive manner. The wooden roller or cylinder
P, disposed next to the two large steam drying cylinders Q, R, and arranged
in conjunction with the two smaller rollers S, to aid or relieve the yarn in its
tensional action in drawing round the drying cylinders, is actuated in a similar
direct manner from the longitudinal shaft G, through the intervention of the
duplex set of bevil wheel and gearing pinion T, U, and the vertical shaft W.
The same longitudinal shaft G also serves to actuate the rotatory brushes
W, X, which are carried by the two vertical standards Y of the framing.
The larger brush W is driven by the worm Z on the shaft G, gearing with the
worm wheel a, fast on the lower end of the light vertical shaft b, and con-
nected to the brush spindle by the bevil pinions c. The opposite end of the
brush spindle carries a spur pinion d, which actuates a short train of spur
gearing for driving the other brush X. In this way the two brushes have a
positive driving action of their own, and they therefore do not in anyway strain
6 A.D. 1854.—N" 2335. Specification.
Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
the yarn, a most important consideration, more particularly in fine numbers.
The undressed yarn is also wound off the containing beams by the action of
the shaft G, the extremity of which carries a bevil pinion e, in gear with a
bevil wheel f, fast on the outer end of a short shaft g, running in bearings h
carried by the framing. The inner end of the shaft g has fast upon it a spur
wheel i, in gear with a spur wheelj, fast upon one end of a horizontal spindle k,
running in end bearings in the framing, and carrying a pair of disc pulleys l;
these pulleys l act as the supporting and driving surfaces for the yarn beams
m, the beamed yarn itself resting upon the pulleys. By this arrangement,
the shaft G communicates a positive winding-off motion to the undressed
warp beams through the frictional action of the discs l upon the yarn,
the spindles of the yarn beams being supported in vertical slots, so as to be
capable of falling therein as the yarn is wound off. The opposite end of the
first shaft K carries a spur wheel n, driving a train of spur gear o, for actuating
the rest of the warp beams in like manner. Under this system the uniform
and regular delivery of yarn from the entire set of warp beams is accurately
secured, so that the ends of the yarn upon the whole number of beams come
off the beams simultaneously, the delivery of the yarn being positive and
incapable of error. It is to be clearly understood that in all cases where
the movements or actions are in dupilcate, or are repeated more than once, the
same positive driving action is applied where necessary, although not indi-
vidually specified herein. The arrows on the Drawings indicate the route
of the yarn as it leaves the warp beams at the after end of the machine, and
passes forward in its undressed condition through the dressing or size
chamber p, and between the squeezing rollers, and thence in contact with
rotatory brushes, and round the drying cylinders, and on past the remaining
guide and traction rollers, and over the drying fan q, to the winding-on
beam r, at the extreme front end of the machine. The winding-on of the
dressed or sized yarn upon the weaver's beam is effected by the agency of
a frictional motion, similar to that which is already in use in the ordinary
dressing frame. In this frictional arrangement, the driving bevil wheel
is loose upon the beam spindle, and it is interposed between a pair of
counterpart fractional discs, fast upon the beam spindle. Flannel or other
frictional substance is placed between the faces of the separate discs and
those of the bevil wheel disc, and means are provided for adjusting the nip
or clipping action of the discs laterally upon the bevil wheel disc; thus, when
any severe strain upon the warp is threatened, the frictional action slips and
prevents injury to the threads. But in the arrangement of “tape-sizeing
machine" represented in our Drawings, we adopt another contrivance for
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2335. 7
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Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
winding on the yarn. In this arrangement the action is entirely derived from
the shaft G, actuating the other main movements. The front end of this shaft
carries a bevil pinions, gearing with a bevil pinion ton the outer projecting end
of the spindle of a drum or cylinder w. This drum is supported in immovable
end bearings in the framing, and it is arranged to be driven at the same
rate or to have the same surface velocity as the undressed warp beams. It
forms the support for the sized warp beam r, the sized warp as it is wound on
being in immediate contact with the drum u, so that the frictional action of
the drum causes the beam r to revolve, and take up the yarn at the speed at
which it is given off from the beams at the after part of the machine. The
warp beam r is supported in slotted guides v, so that it has free liberty to rise
as it fills with yarn. Pendant weights w are employed to retain the warp
beam with its wound-on warp in close contact with the surface of the drum w.
The upper ends of the weight cords are passed over and attached to segmental
levers a, fast upon the horizontal shaft y, supported in end bearings in the
frame; the same shaft y also carrys two small pulleys z, from which cords 1
pass round guide rollers 2, to the ends of the warp beam spindle. With
these arrangements we are enabled to dispense with the ordinary taper drums
and complicated gearing as hitherto used in machinery of this kind, whilst
the first cost of the machine is reduced, and an increased quantity of yarn can
be placed upon the beam. It is to be understood that portions of these
improvements or modifications thereof are applicable to the common dressing
machinery. In our arrangements connected with the warping mill, a worm A,
Sheet 2 of our Drawings, on the end of the warping mill measuring roller,
gears with and drives a worm wheel B, the horizontal shaft C of which worm
gears, by means of a bevil pinion arrangement, with the upper end of the short
vertical shaft D. The lower end of this shaft D has upon it a worm E, in
gear with a worm wheel fast on the horizontal shaft F, supported in bearings
outside the frame; the other end of this shaft carries a finger or stop G.
As this finger piece comes round on the working of the machine, it comes in
contact, as indicated more clearly in the enlarged views, Figures 3 and 4,
on Sheet 2 of our Drawings, with an inclined stop piece H on the face of the
upper part of the spring top lever I. The pressure of the finger G forces
the upper part of the spring stop rod a little forward, so that the flat upper
end of the rod clears its end-retaining notch in the slotted guide holder J.
When thus clear of the retaining notch, the reaction of the lower spring
part I of the rod carries it along the slot in the piece J, in a direction at
right angles to the first movement. The rod is slotted at K, and this slot
is entered upon a stud L, fast to the slide rod M of the strap fork N. This
8 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2335. Specification.
Atherton 3. Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
secondary traverse of the stop rod then carries the strap fork forward in the
direction of the arrow, so as to bring the driving strap on to the loose pulley o,
and thus stop the action of the machine with the intended measurement of
warp upon the beam P. The machine has two separate sets of belt pulleys
O, Q, and R, S. Each set is on one end of the first motion shaft T, carried
in bearings in the framing U. The two outside pulleys 0, R, are loose on the
shaft, and they are double double the width of the inner fast pulleys Q, S. In
the position of the parts delineated in our Drawings, the machine is supposed
to be in full operation for the forward or beaming action, the open driving
belt W being upon the fast pulley Q, whilst a crossed belt is upon the opposite
loose pulley R.; hence, when the strap fork action, already described, takes
place, the strap on the pulley Q is carried off that pulley, and passed upon the
wide loose pulley O. This fork N is on the same slide rod M as the opposite
fork X; hence the same motion brings forward the latter fork, still, however,
allowing its strap to remain upon the wide pulley; then, if any backing
should be required, the attendant springs forward the stop rod into the outside
notch Y, when the reversing belt of the pulley R will be brought upon the
fast pulley S, and the backing-off will occur. Instead of this contrivance,
the reverse action may of course be brought about by hand. The driving
pulley shaft carries two disc pulleys, or one continuous roller or pulley W, on
which the beamed warp rests during the beaming action, the spindle of the
beam having liberty to rise in its guide slots, as the beam warp requires. The
gearing connected with the measuring apparatus in this machine is so arranged
that the teeth in the first worm wheel B, acted upon by the first worm A, shall
denote the number of yards of warp in each cut, whilst the second worm wheel,
actuated by the second worm E, denotes the number of cuts. It is when this
last-mentioned worm wheel has completed one revolution that the machine is
stopped, as herein-before described. A special indicator is also contrived for
the purpose of showing the attendant the quantity of cuts which may have
been put on the warp beam, when a greater number of cuts must be put on
than can be indicated by one revolution of the “cut-indicating wheel.” This
indicating dial is at Z, its index hand being fast upon the upper end of a
vertical shaft a, carried in bearings outside the framing, and having at its lower
part a worm wheel b, driven by a worm on the horizontal shaft F, carrying
the stopping finger.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details and arrangements which we have had occasion
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2335. 9
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Atherton & Kinlock's Impts. in Machinery for Preparing & Dressing Yarns.
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our said Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
1st, the system or mode of arranging and working “tape-sizeing machines,"
wherein the unsized warp beams, the squeezing rollers, the rotatory brushes,
and the traction rollers in front of the drying cylinders, all or any of these
separate movements or details, are actuated by gearing, or in a direct and
positive manner, for the purposes herein-before described.
2nd, the system or mode of actuating the unsized warp beams, by means
of gearing or direct mechanical connections, in such manner that the ends of
the yarn shall all come off the entire series of beams at or about the same
instant of time.
3rd, the application and use of a frictional clutch or connecting arrange-
ment, for the herein-before described purpose of winding the yarn or warp from
“tape-sizeing machines " on to the weaver's beams.
4th, the system or mode of winding the yarn or warp from “tape-sizeing
machines” on to the weaver's beam by the agency of a frictional driving
roller or pulley, having the same surface velocity as the unsized warp beams,
and acting upon the surface of the warp as wound upon the beam.
5th, the application and use in connection with the warping mill of an
indicating apparatus, as herein-before described, for the purpose of denoting
the length of warp yarn delivered.
6th, the system or mode of warping yarns, or beaming the same upon the
weaver's beam, wherein an indicating apparatus for denoting the length of
warp yarn is connected and driven by the measuring roller of the warping
mill, as herein-before described.
7th, the application and use in warping or beaming machinery of a stop
finger, worked from the measuring roller of the warping mill, for the purpose
of actuating the stop rod or lever of the driving action.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Atherton and John Kinlock, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the First day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES ATHERTON.
JOHN KINLOCK. (L.s.)
wº-
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LONIOON .
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPorriswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
A.D. 1854. Nov.
3 . Nº 2335 .
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KINLOCKS Specretcarios.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº. 2415.
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Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Chevron, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Civil Engineer, and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, of the
same Place, late a Ship Owner, but now out of Business, for the In-
vention of “ IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE
FABRICs.”
Sealed the 15th May 1855, and dated the 15th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Marie Chevron and
Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th November 1854.
We, JEAN MARIE CHEVRON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil
5 Engineer, and CHARLES VICTOR FREDERIC DE ROULET, of the same Place,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTs in
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:–
Our said Invention consists of a combination of machinery or apparatus for
weaving or manufacturing a cloth or fabric made with two or more warps (one
10 of which we call the fixed or foundation warp, and the other or others the
floating warp), the floating warp threads being used to form an external
facing to one side of the fabric, covering the foundation warp threads more or
less, as the fabric may be more or less closely woven.
The loom or apparatus which we have invented for manufacturing a cloth







2 A.D. 1854.—N" 2415. - Provisional
Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Teatile Fabrics.
or fabric of this description is furnished with a beam or roller, mounted at the
back part of the loom, and containing the foundation warp wound upon it, and
from this roller the threads of that warp are unrolled or drawn off in the usual
way as the weaving of the cloth or fabric proceeds. The foundation warp
passes along through the batten or slay to the breast board or beam, or the
place where it is woven into the fabric. A straight bar is placed across the
loom behind the batten or slay, and parallel to and at such a distance behind
the breast board as to leave a sufficient space between the bar and breast
board to allow of the usual action of the batten or slay. Along the upper
side of this transverse bar we place a row of rods, wires, or teeth, in a
vertical position and parallel to each other, so as to resemble a comb with
the teeth standing upwards, and this we call the transverse bar comb.
The upper ends or points of the rods or teeth of this comb are all upon the
same level, and also nearly upon the same level as the upper side of the breast
board, and they have holes drilled in them at or near to their upper ends,
through which the threads of the foundation warp pass, so that those warp
threads may be held sufficiently far apart to permit the floating warp threads
to pass down through them when depressed by the rocking frame, as herein-
after described. The batten or slay is mounted upon pins, or a joint at the
lower part of the frame of the loom, or below the breast board, so as to act in
the usual manner for beating up the shoot, and the upper part of the batten is
furnished with a row of rods, wires, or teeth, resembling a comb, and somewhat
similar to the transverse bar comb, already mentioned; and the upper ends of
the rods or teeth at the top of the batten (which we call the batten comb)
project to a short distance above the foundation warp, the threads of which
pass through the spaces between the rods or teeth of the last-mentioned comb.
Above the foundation warp we place a frame (which we call a rocking frame),
mounted upon pins or bearings at each side, in such manner in such a position
that the front of the frame may be capable of being depressed down upon the
foundation warp at a place immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar
comb, or nearly so. Upon the rocking frame, and at or near to the back of
it, is mounted a roller or beam, containing the floating warp threads wound
upon it.
Along the front bar of the same frame, and on the under side of it, is fixed
in a vertical position what may be called a closed comb, containing a row of
bars or rods, similar to the bars, rods, or teeth of the transverse bar comb,
before mentioned, but a little shorter, and each end of the bars of this closed
comb are attached to a longitudinal rod or bar running the whole length of
the comb, so that the spaces between the vertical bars or rods may be closed
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s: A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. 3
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Chevron & De Roulet's Impts, in Machinery for Manufacturing Textile Fabrics.
—-->
at both their ends. The bars, rods, or teeth of each of the three combs which
have been mentioned are made of the same guage or thickness, and the width
of the spaces between the bars or teeth are also all the same, or nearly so.
The numbers of the bars or teeth placed in each of the combs will depend
upon the number of warp threads which the loom or machine shall be intended
to be capable of weaving into a cloth or fabric. The floating warp threads which
come from the roller mounted at the back of the rocking frame, as before men-
tioned, pass through the spaces of the closed comb, and (when depressed) also
through the spaces of the batten comb to the breast board, where they are woven
into the fabric. The rocking frame, above described, has motion given to it
either by treddles or any other convenient means, and it is mounted, so as to
be capable not only of a rocking motion, in order that the front bar of the frame
may from time to time be brought down upon the foundation warp and again
raised, but also of lateral motion, so that the floating warp threads may from
time to time, by means of such motion (to the one side or the other), be placed
immediately above the spaces between the foundation warp threads, between
which portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed or passed, upon
the descent of the front of the rocking frame, for the purpose of forming a
shed through which the shuttle is to pass. Upon the rocking frame being
depressed, it bends down the floating warp threads and also the foundation
warp threads at a position immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar
comb, but the teeth of the last-mentioned comb sustain those portions of the
foundation warp threads which are immediately in front of the parts depressed,
and thus prevents the depression of those portions of the same threads which
extend from the comb to the breast board, where they are woven into the
fabric. The depression of the front of the rocking frame also causes the
threads of the floating warp to pass down between the teeth of the batten
comb and of the transverse bar comb, and those threads are in this way
depressed to such an extent as to form a shed in front of the transverse bar
comb and the batten, sufficiently large to allow of the passage of the shuttle
through it for introducing a shoot or weft thread. The raising of the front of
the rocking frame also raises the floating warp threads out of the spaces
between the teeth of the transverse bar comb and those portions of the
foundation warp threads which those teeth support up to a convenient eleva-
tion above the foundation warp, and the batten or slay beats up the shoot in
the ordinary way. The loom is furnished with a counterbalance weight for
effecting the lateral motion of the rocking frame in one direction, the motion
in the opposite direction being effected by means of a treddle, or other con-
venient means. The rocking frame is also furnished with a counterbalance
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. s:
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Tertile Fabrics.
weight for raising the front of the rocking frame, the depression of the front
of that frame being effected by a treddle, or other convenient means. The
loom may be furnished with a weft stopper, and all the ordinary parts of looms
applicable to the loom or machinery above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
MARIE CHEVRON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, and
CHARLEs VICTOR FREDERIC DE ROULET, of the same Place, late a Ship Owner,
but now out of Business, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
lid, for IIerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, Her special
licence that we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de
Toulet, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE
FABRICs,” upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jean Marie
Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what Inanner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles
Victor Frederic de l&oulet, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Our said Invention consists of a combination of machinery or apparatus for :
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 24l 5. 5
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Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Teactile Fabrics.
weaving or manufacturing a cloth or fabric made with two or more warps (one
of which we call the fixed or foundation warp, and the other or others the
floating warp or warps), the floating warp threads being used to form an
external facing to one side of the fabric, covering the foundation warp threads
more or less, as the fabric may be more or less closely woven. The loom or
apparatus which we have invented for manufacturing a cloth or fabric of this
description is furnished with a beam or roller, mounted at the back part of the
loom, and containing the foundation warp wound upon it, and from this roller
the threads of that warp are unrolled or drawn off in the usual way as the
weaving of the cloth or fabric proceeds. The foundation warp passes along
through the teeth of a series of teeth, which we call a comb, placed at the
top of the batten or slay, to the breast board or beam, or the place where
it is woven into the fabric. A straight bar is placed across the loom behind
the batten or slay, and parallel to and at such a distance behind the breast
board, as to leave a sufficient space between the bar and breast board to allow
of the usual action of the batten or slay in beating up the shoot or weft.
Along the upper side of this transverse bar we place a row of rods, wires, or
teeth, in a vertical position and parallel to each other, so as to resemble a
comb with the teeth standing upwards, and this we call the transverse bar
comb.
The upper ends or points of the rods or teeth of this comb are all upon
the same level, and also nearly upon the same level as the upper side of
the breast board, and they have holes drilled in them at or near to their
upper ends, through which the threads of the foundation warp pass, so that
those warp threads may be held sufficiently far apart to permit the floating
warp threads to pass down between them when depressed by the rocking
frame, as herein—after described.
The batten or slay is mounted upon pins, or a joint at the lower part of the
frame of the loom, or below the breast board, so as to act in the usual manner
for beating up the shoot; and in lieu of the ordinary reed, the upper part of
the batten is furnished with a row of vertical rods, wires, or teeth, fixed upon a
bar at the top of the batten, and resembling a comb, somewhat similar to the
transverse bar comb, already mentioned.
The upper ends of the rods or teeth of this comb at the top of the batten
5 (which we call the batten comb) project to a short distance above the founda-
tion warp, the threads of which pass through the spaces between the rods or
teeth of the last-mentioned comb.
Above the foundation warp we place a frame (which we call a rocking
frame), mounted upon a shaft or axle, which placed in a horizontal position
6 A.D. l 854.—N" 24 l 5 © Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Textile Fabrics.
across the frame of the loom, or upon pins or bearings at each side, in such
manner and in such a position that the front of the frame may be capable of
being depressed down upon the foundation warp at a place immediately behind
the teeth of the transverse bar comb, or nearly so, and also in such a manner
that the frame shall be capable of lateral motions, for the purposes herein-after
described. Upon the rocking frame, and at or near to the back of it, is mounted
a roller or beam, containing the floating warp threads wound upon it.
Along the front bar of the same frame, and on the front or under side of
it, is fixed in a vertical position what may be called a closed comb, containing
a row of bars, teeth, or rods, similar to the bars, rods, or teeth of the transverse
bar comb, before mentioned, but a little shorter; and each end of the bars of
this closed comb are attached to a longitudinal rod or bar, running the whole
length of the comb, so that the spaces between the vertical rods or teeth may
be closed at both their ends. The bars, rods, or teeth of each of the three
combs which have been mentioned are made of the same guage or thickness,
and the width of the spaces between the bars or teeth are also all the Same,
or nearly so.
The numbers of the bars or teeth to be placed in each of the combs
will depend upon the number of warp threads which the loom or machine
shall be intended to be capable of weaving into a cloth or fabric. The
floating warp threads which come from the roller, mounted at the back
of the rocking frame, as before mentioned, pass through the spaces of the
closed comb, and (when depressed) also through the spaces of the batten comb
to the breast board or place where they are woven into the fabric. The
rocking frame, above described, has motion given to it either by treddles or
any other convenient means, and it is mounted so as to be capable, not only
of a rocking motion, in order that the front bar of the frame may from time
to time be brought down upon the foundation warp and again raised, but also
capable of lateral motions towards the sides of the loom, so that the floating
warp threads may from time to time by means of such motions (to the one side
or the other) be placed immediately above the spaces between the teeth of
the transverse bar comb and between the foundation warp threads (which
pass through orifices in those teeth), between which last-mentioned teeth and
threads portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed or passed
upon the descent of the front of the rocking frame, for the purpose of forming
a shed through which the shuttle is to pass when introducing the shoot or
weft thread. Upon the rocking frame being depressed, it bends down the
floating warp threads, and also the foundation warp threads, at a position
immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar comb, but the teeth of
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 24 | 5. 7
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Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Michinery for Manufacturing Tºtile Fabrics.
the last-mentioned comb sustain those portions of the foundation warp threads
which are immediately in front of the parts depressed, and thus prevent the
depression of those portions of the same threads which extend from the comb
to the breast board, where they are woven into the fabric. The depression of
the front of the rocking frame also causes the threads of the floating warp to
pass down between the teeth of the batten comb and of the transverse bar
comb, and those threads are in this way depressed to such an extent as to
form a shed in front of the transverse bar comb and the batten sufficiently
large to allow of the passage of the shuttle through it for introducing a shoot
or weft thread. The raising of the front of the rocking frame also raises the
floating warp threads out of the spaces between the teeth of the transverse bar
comb and those portions of the foundation warp threds which those teeth Sup-
port up to a convenient elevation above the foundation warp, and the batten or
slay beats up the shoot in the ordinary way. The loom may be furnished with
a counterbalance weight for effecting the lateral motion of the rocking frame
in one direction, the motion in the opposite direction being effected by means
of a treddle; or any other convenient means may be adopted for producing
the lateral motions of the frame from time to time in the direction and to the
extent which may be requisite in each case, for the purpose of enabling the
frame upon its descent to depress each floating warp thread down between
the two foundation warp threads, between which it may be intended to pass
for the purpose of forming the shed, and causing the floating warp threads to
pass over the foundation warp thread or threads over which such floating warp
threads shall be intended to cross. The rocking frame is also furnished with
a counterbalance weight for raising the front of the rocking frame, the depres-
sion of the front of that frame being effected by a treddle, or other convenient
means. The loom may be furnished with a weft stopper, and all the ordinary
parts of looms applicable to the loom or machinery above described.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed we have given some Figures, shewing
how a loom may be constructed or furnished with apparatus according to our
Invention, for the purpose of producing cloths or fabrics, such as herein-before
mentioned.
In these Drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the loom,
shewing many of the parts constructed according to our Invention, and some
of the ordinary parts of a loom, necessary to be shewn for the purpose of
explaining the action of the loom; Figure 2 is a front view of a portion of the
transverse bar comb; Figures 3, 4, and 5 are different views of the teeth of
the transverse bar comb and batten comb; Figure 6 is a front view of a
portion of the rocking frame comb; Figure 7 is a top view of parts of each
8 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Tertile Fabrics.
side of the rocking frame, and of parts of the apparatus connected therewith:
Figure 8 is a top view of the guard, to be placed at the right-hand side of
the loom within the bracket on that side containing one of the bearings of the
rocking frame shaft; and Figure 9 is a top view of a part of the rocking frame,
and of a portion of the floating warp threads placed therein. The same letters
of reference are used to mark similar parts in all the Figures.
In Figure 1, A, A, A, A, is the framing of the loom, made of cast iron,
wood, or other proper material; B, B, is the beam or roller, containing the
foundation warp threads, which roller is mounted on bearings at the back of
the loom in the usual manner. Prom this roller the foundation warp threads
b, b, are drawn, and proceed in a horizontal direction through orifices at the
tops of the teeth of the transverse bar conib, and between the teeth of the
batten comb, to the breast board or place where they are woven into the fabric.
C is the transverse bar comb, portions of which are shewn separately in
Figuros 2 and 3, consisting of a bar (C, Figure 2,) placed across the loom,
behind the batten or slay, and parallel to the breast board, the bar being
furnished with a row of vertical teeth or pins C*, rising above the bar, and
arranged so as to resemble a comb, as shewn in Figure 2, and the teeth have
orifices made in their upper ends, through which the threads of the foundation
warp pass, and each tooth may have two orifices (as shewn in Figure 3), so
that when desired two foundation warp threads may pass through each tooth
for the purpose of making the foundation warp double.
The transverse bar comb C is placed at such a distance behind the breast
board D as to have a sufficient intervening space for the formation of a shed,
the introduction of the shuttle, and the action of the batten.
E, E, is the batten or slay, mounted or jointed upon pins e at the bottom of
the loom frame, the upper part of it being left free to move backwards and
forwards in the usual manner for beating up the shoot or weft threads, and the
batten may have motion given to it by means of the handle Z, or in any
ordinary manner. The upper part of the batten is furnished with a row of
vertical teeth or pins d, projecting from a bar at the top of the batten to a
level a little above the upper ends of the teeth of the transverse bar comb, so
that the upper ends of the teeth of the batten comb, which are placed and
move backwards and forwards in the spaces between the threads of the
foundation warp b, b, may in all the positions of the batten be somewhat above
the level of that warp, as shewn in Figure 1. The upper ends of the teeth d
of the batten comb are made to turn over, as shewn in Figure 1, and in the
detached Figure 4.
F, F, is a rectangular frame, which we call a rocking frame. This frame
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. 9
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Teatile Fabrics.
is mounted upon the shaft or axle rod f which passes through round orifices,
made for that purpose in the sides of the frame, so that the frame may turn or
swing easily upon the shaft, for the purpose of allowing the front part F. of the
frame to be depressed and raised, in manner and for the purposes herein-before
5 and also herein-after mentioned, and when depressed to cause the closed comb
at the front of the rocking frame to pass down immediately behind the teeth of
the transverse bar comb C. At the back of the rocking frame is the roller
G, G, containing the floating warp threads; the axle or pins g of this roller
being mounted in bearings at the back of the frame, so that the warp may be
10 drawn from it as the weaving or manufacture of the fabric proceeds. The
roller has also a weighted cord passing over a pulley at one end of it (as shewn
in Figure 1), so as to prevent the warp threads from hanging loose in the
loom, and the weight G', attached to this cord, also acts as a counterbalance
to the rocking frame, so as to keep the front of it elevated when not depressed
15 by means of the treddle K.
H (Fig. 1) is the rocking frame comb, extending along the front of the
rocking frame, to which it is secured. A portion of this closed comb is shewn
separately in Fig. 6, in which Figure it will be seen that the comb is com-
posed of the upper bar II", H', (which is fixed to the front of the rocking
20 frame) of the lower bar h, h, and a series of rods, bars, or teeth, having their
ends secured to the two bars, so as to hold those bars together, and form what
may be called a closed comb, somewhat resembling the reed in a batten of an
ordinary loom. The transverse bar comb, the batten comb, and the closed
comb of the rocking frame have all their teeth made of the same guage or
25 thickness, and they are all arranged so as to have the same spaces between
every two adjoining teeth. The floating warp threads i, i, i, which are drawn
from the roller G, G, pass through the spaces between the teeth of the closed
comb H, and from thence proceed to the breast board D, or the place where
they are woven into the fabric.
30 K is a treddle, having a counterbalance weight Q attached to it by means
of a cord k, k, k, passing over the pullies k' and kº, so that the treddle may be
elevated when it ceases to be pressed downwards by the foot or other mechanical
means. }, q, is a connecting rod, by means of which the front of the rocking
frame F, F, is connected with the treddle K, so that the front of the frame
35 may be depressed when the treddle is pressed down.
The shaft or axle f has its ends turned or otherwise diminished, so as to
be of smaller diameter than the middle of the shaft or axle, and the middle
and thicker portion of the shaft not only passes across the rocking frame and
through the orifices in its sides, before mentioned, but also projects sufficiently
10 A.D. 1854.—Nº 24.15. Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Textile Fabrics.
outside the rocking frame at each side thereof to permit a lever or arm M*
and M* to be fixed upon that part of the shaft, as herein-after mentioned.
The diminished ends of the shaft or axle fare mounted in bearings, contained
in arms or brackets (L' and Lº, Figure 7), fixed at or cast upon each side of
the frame of the loom. The diminished ends of the shaft or axle f are made
sufficiently long, and the bearings L and Lº are placed in such positions, as to
allow the shaft to be moved longitudinally in both directions, for the purpose
of changing the position of the rocking frame, by moving it together with the
shaft laterally towards the right or the left hand side of the loom, so that the
floating warp threads may from time to time by means of such motions be
placed immediately above the spaces between the foundation warp threads,
between which portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed upon
the descent of the front of the rocking frame, for the purpose herein-before
mentioned. - -
At the right-hand side of the rocking frame, close to the frame, and between
that side of the frame and the diminished portion of the shaft or axle f, at
that side of the frame, a cranked or bent lever or arm M', M", is fixed, and that
lever is, by means of the rod m, m, connected with the treddle O, so that by
pressing upon that treddle the lever M', Mº, may be depressed, and the shaft f
(which turns freely in its bearings, and in the orifices at the sides of the rocking
frame,) turned to a corresponding extent. Another lever or arm M*, M*, is
fixed in a similar position near to the opposite or left-hand end of the shaft f.
close to the side of the frame, so that the frame may turn freely to the
requisite extent upon the shaft or axle between the two arms, but will be
prevented from having any lateral motion to either side, except in conjunction
with the shaft f, upon which it is mounted, and with which it must move
laterally when that shaft is moved towards the right-hand or left-hand side of
the loom.
Upon the shaft f, at each side of and immediately within the sides of the
rocking frame are fixed two arms N' and N*, upon the outer ends of which
are suspended counterbalance weights N’ and Nº, so as to keep the treddle O,
and the levers M! and M', and M*, M*, in the position in which the lever
Mº, M!, is shewn to be in Fig. 1, when the treddle O is not depressed by the
action of the foot or otherwise.
Within each of the brackets L' and Lº, which carry the bearings of the
shaft f is placed a guard R, R, which is made with an incline plane upon its
inner surface, and when the arms M', Mº, and M*, M*, are in motion, the one
or the other of these inclined planes (according to the direction in which the
arms are moving) acts upon the arm against it, so as to press the arm together
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 2415. 11
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Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Teactile Fabrics.
with the shaft f and rocking frame mounted upon it, towards the opposite side
of the loom to an extent depending upon the angle of the inclined planes, and
the extent of the motion of the arm.
The guard placed within the bracket at the right-hand side of the loom is
shewn separately in the detached Figure 8; and the inclined planes contained
in the two guards placed at the two sides of the frame are placed with the
surfaces of their planes towards the rocking frame, and parallel to each other,
or nearly so, but with their planes inclined or sloping in opposite directions, so
that the one inclined plane may be available for causing the rocking frame and
its shaft to move laterally in the one direction, and the other inclined plane for
causing the rocking frame and its shaft to move laterally in the opposite
direction.
One of these guards is also shewn in Fig. 1 fixed on the bracket at the
right-hand side of the loom, and the inclination of the inclined plane within
that guard is so placed, that when the shaft or axle f is caused to make a
partial revolution by the depression of the pedal O, the inclined plane within
that guard, acting against the arm M', M', fixed at that end of the shaft f as
it revolves together with that shaft, will cause the shaft f. and with it the frame
F, F, to move laterally towards the left-hand side of the loom, the inclined
plane at the left-hand side of the loom receding, or having its plane inclined in
such a direction as to permit this movement of the shaft and rocking frame.
The position of the guard at the left-hand side of the loom is shewn in
Figure 7, where it will be seen that as the lever M*, M*, fixed upon the
axle f at the left-hand side of the loom, is depressed, the receding surface of the
inclined plane will allow of the lateral motion of the shaft and frame towards
that side of the loom, as just described. When the pressure upon the treddle
O is removed, the counterbalance weights Nº, N', will cause the shaft f to
perform a portion of a revolution in the opposite direction to that previously
caused by the depression of the treddle O.
The inclined plane within the guard at the left-hand side of the loom will
then act upon the arm M*, M*, fixed at the left-hand end of the shaft f as it
revolves together with that shaft, and will cause the shaft, and with it the
frames F, F, to move laterally back towards the right-hand side of the loom,
the position in which the inclined plane at the opposite side of the loom is
placed being such as to permit the arm M', M', against it and the shaft to be
moved in that direction.
Each of the guards R, R, is furnished with two stop screws S' and Sº, by
which the distance through which the arms M', M', and M*, M*, can move
when revolving with the shaft f, is regulated. The one of those stop screws
12 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Teatile Fabrics
has the effect of limiting the extent of such motion when the treddle O is
depressed, and the other screw the effect of limiting the extent of the motion
when the counterbalance weights N* and N* are called into action by the
removal of the pressure from the treddle.
The extent of the lateral motion of the rocking frame will depend upon the
angle, or amount of bevil or inclination, given to the surfaces of the two
inclined planes above mentioned, and the extent to which the shaft f will be
caused to revolve upon the depression and rising of the treddle O, the extent
of each of which revolutions will depend upon the extent to which the inner
ends of the stop screws S' and Sº at each side of the loom shall have been
screwed, for the purpose of adjustment, towards or from the arms or cranks
M', Mº, and M*, Mº, placed within the guards; and by varying the positions
of the stop screws S' and Sº at each side of the loom, the extent of the lateral
motion to be given to the rocking frame with its shaft f in each direction,
upon the depressing and rising of the treddle O, may be regulated.
The breast beam or roller T, T, has motion given to it for drawing away
the fabric as it is formed by the action of the loom, and the fabric, after
passing over the breast beam T, T, is wound upon the beam or roller V, which
is kept steady by a weighted cord, passing over one end of it, and over the
stud pulley U. Motion may be given to the beams or rollers T and V in any
of the modes usually employed for that purpose, and the shuttle used may be
constructed and worked in the usual way for introducing the shoot or weft
thread, in manner above mentioned.
Before commencing to work with this loom it is to be furnished with the
intended foundation and floating warps, and the extent of the lateral motions
of the rocking frame must be regulated by means of the stop screws S and
S” on each side of the loom, (the screws on both sides being set in the same
manner,) so that the threads of the floating warp will, upon each depression
of the front of the rocking frame, be caused to pass down between the teeth of
the transverse bar comb and batten comb and the foundation warp threads, in
the requisite manner for producing the intended fabric.
The loom being thus prepared, with the work fairly started, supposing both
the treddles K and O to be elevated, and the rocking frame to be as far to
the right as the setting of the stop screws will allow, the action of the loom
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or machine will be as follows:—The treddle K being depressed, the front of 35
the rocking frame, and the closed comb II fixed at the front of it, will descend,
bringing the floating warp threads down to the point marked with the letter X
in Fig. 1, the threads of the floating warp being at the same time caused to
descend between the teeth of the transverse bar comb C and the teeth of the
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2415. 13
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Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Tertile Fabrics.
batten comb, and also between those portions of the threads of the foundation
warp threads which are held in a horizontal position between the transverse
bar comb and the back of the breast board, or place where they are woven
into the fabric. Portions of the foundation warp threads behind the trans-
verse bar comb are at the same time depressed by the action of the bar h into
the position shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1.
The portions of the floating warp threads which are now below the
foundation warp threads in front of the transverse bar comb and batten comb
will form a shed or opening, as shewn at Y, Figure 1, through which the
shuttle may pass for the purpose of introducing the shoot or weft thread.
The weft thread having been introduced into this shed by the action of the
shuttle in the usual way, the batten or slay E, E, is then brought into action,
so as to beat up the weft thread in the usual manner, after which the pressure
is removed from the treddle K, and that treddle, and also the front of the
rocking frame, are, by the action of the counterbalance weight G', caused
to ascend the closed comb at the front of the rocking frame, also ascending
and carrying with it the floating warp threads, which are thus again elevated
to their former position, but leaving a portion of each of them looped or bent
over the weft or shoot thread, introduced into the fabric in manner just
mentioned.
The treddle O is then to be depressed, so as to cause the shaft f and the
rocking frame to traverse or move laterally towards the left-hand side of
the frame as far as the setting of the stop screws S' and S will permit,
when the treddle K is to be again depressed as before, so as to cause the
front of the rocking frame and the closed comb II again to descend, until
the floating warp threads reach the point marked X in Figure 1, as before,
and the threads of the floating warp respectively descend between other teeth
of the transverse bar comb and batten comb than those between which they
had previously descended ; and consequently the floating warp threads respec-
tively, after crossing over the upper side of one foundation warp thread, or the
upper sides of several foundation warp threads, will be caused to descend
between other foundation warp threads than those which they had previously
descended between.
A shed Cr opening between the foundation warp above and the floating
warp below being thus formed in front of the transverse bar comb and batten,
in like manner as before, the shuttle again crosses, introducing a shoot or
weft thread, which, being beat up by the action of the batten, the pressure
upon the treddle K is removed, when that treddle and the front of the rocking
frame will ascend, and the floating warp threads be again elevated to their
14 A.D. 1854.—Nº 24] 5. Specification.
Chevron & De Roulet's Impts. in Machinery for Manufacturing Textile Fabrics.
former position, but leaving a portion of each of them looped or bent over
the weft or shoot thread lastly introduced into the fabric. The treddle O is
then to be released from pressure, when the counterbalance weights N* and N*
will cause the shaft f partially to revolve, at the same time elevating the
treddle O, and, by the action of the incline within the guide at the left-hand
side of the loom, moving the shaft f and with it the rocking frame, into their
former positions. The same movements may then be repeated and continued
until the required quantity of fabric shall have been produced.
IIaving now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our Invention,
the addition to a loom of, or the construction of a loom with, a rocking frame,
a transverse bar comb, and a batten comb, in manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles
Victor Frederic de Roulet, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
J. M. CHEVRON. (L.S.)
CHS Vit FC DE ROULET. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said Jean
Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic
de Roulet, in the presence of
PIERRE ALEXANDRE AIMé DE MOMIGNY,
Avocat a Paris,
18, Rue Saint Fiacre,
A. MoMIGNy.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYPE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
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A. D. 1854. Nov. 15. Nº. 24.15. -
* SHEET 2 –
HEVRON & DE ROULET'S SPECIFICATION. - - (2 SHEETs)
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The filed drawing a pardy wored. Drawn on Stone by Mally & Sons.
London. Printed by GeoRGE Epward Eyre and WILLIAM Sporriswoope.
Pºinters to the Queens most Excellent Majesty 1855.




















10
15
*.
*ºr ºr -ºº ºr ºr ºr ºr **
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . N° 2423.
ƺ-º-
x
Manufacture of Heddles for Looms.
LETTERS PATENT to James Buchanan, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEDDLEs or HEALDs for WEAving.”
Sealed the 13th March 1855, and dated the 15th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Buchanan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1854.
I, JAMES BUCHANAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEDDLEs or HEALDS FOR WEAVING" to
be as follows:—
This Invention relates to some extent to certain arrangements of machinery
for which Letters Patent for England were granted to David Anderson and
James Berrie, both of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manufacturers, for
“certain machinery for making a new or improved of heddles or healds,"
on or about the Twenty-fifth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-five, and consists of various modifications whereby the original machi-
nery is rendered more fully available for the manufacture of heddles or healds,
as well as of other improved details, wholly new. The machinery employed for

2 A.D. 1854.—N" 2423. Provisional
Specification.
Buchanan's Impts. in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
the manufacture of heddles or healds, according to this process, consists of a
light frame, on which is fitted up a rotatory apparatus, carrying bobbins of
thread or yarn, for the purpose of forming the heddles or healds, in conjunction
with other threads or yarns, manipulated by the attendant for aiding in the
tyeing or knotting up of the threads. In the original form of machine the
rotatory shaft carrying the yarn bobbins or holders was actuated by a treadle
and fly wheel movement; but in the new arrangement, this shaft, together
with the whole of the mechanically actuated details, is driven by power from a
continuous mover, a belt and pulley or other convenient movement being
adopted for the necessary engagement and disengagement of the driving and
driven parts. Hence a rapid and steady action is secured, rendering the
machine very far superior to the original arrangement as regards accuracy and
speed of production. A continuous and simultaneously progressive movement
is also given to the backing or rib cords by the agency of toothed gearing,
10.
instead of the uncertain contrivance of ratchet gear, in which the missing of 15
teeth frequently occurred. In the new plan the use of worm wheel gearing
renders the action certain, whilst the dividing off is always perfectly regular.
A change wheel contrivance is also adopted for regulating the number of loops
or splits in a given length of heald, so that the fineness or coarseness of the
porter and likewise of the count may be varied by the mere substitution of 20
a wheel.
The sliding frame for Securing the attachment of the heald yarn at the place
of contact with the rib cord, either by a series of stitches or other contrivance,
is actuated intermittently by a rotating cam shaft. The tensional action on
the backing or rib cord may be kept up by the adoption of an india-rubber or
other elastic medium, between which and a flat surface the cord passes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Buchanan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMEs
BUCHANAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of IIer
25
30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. 3
5
,3'10
15
Buchanan's Impts, in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Buchanan, Her special license that I, the said James Buchanan,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Buchanan, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HEDDLEs or HEALDs For WEAwING,” upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said James Buchanan, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Buchanan, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
20 letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:—
30
35
My said Invention relates to some extent to certain arrangements of machi-
nery for which Letters Patent for England were granted to David Anderson
and James Berrie, both of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manufacturers, for
“certain machinery for making a new or improved description of heddles
or healds," on or about the Twenty-fifth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-five, and consists of various modifications whereby the
original machinery is rendered more fully available for the manufacture of
heddles or healds, as well as of other improved details, wholly new. The
machinery employed for the manufacture of heddles or healds, according to this
process, consists of a light frame, on which is fitted up a rotatory apparatus
carrying bobbins of thread or yarn, for the purpose of forming the heddles or
healds, in conjunction with other threads or yarns, manipulated by the atten-
dant for aiding in the tyeing or knotting up of the threads. In the original
form of machine the rotatory shaft carrying the yarn bobbins or holders was
actuated by a treadle and fly wheel movement; but in the new arrangement,
this shaft, together with the whole of the mechanically actuated details, is driven
by power from a continuous mover, a belt and pulley or other convenient move-
ment being adopted for the necessary engagement and disengagement of the
driving and driven parts. Hence a rapid and steady action is secured, rendering
4 A.D. 1854.—N" 2423. Specification.
Buchanars Impts. in the Manufacture of IHeddles or Healds for Weaving.
the machine very far superior to the original arrangement as regards accuracy
and speed of production. A continuous and simultaneously progressive move-
ment is also given to the backing or rib cords by the agency of toothed gearing,
instead of the uncertain contrivance of ratchet gear, in which the missing of
teeth frequently occurred. In the new plan the use of worm wheel gearing
renders the action certain, whilst the dividing off is always perfectly regular.
A change wheel contrivance is also adopted for regulating the number of loops
or splits in a given length of heald, so that the fineness or coarseness of the
porter and likewise of the count may be varied by the mere substitution of a
wheel. The sliding frame for securing the attachment of the heald yarn at
the place of contact with the rib cord, either by a series of stitches other
contrivance, is actuated intermittently by a rotating cam shaft. The tensional
action on the backing or rib cord may be kept up by the adoption of an india-
rubber or other elastic medium, between which and a flat surface the cord
passes.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several explanatory Figures on the two Sheets of
Drawings hereunto attached.
Figure 1, on Sheet l of the Drawings, is a back elevation of a heddle-
making machine, as fitted with my improvements; Figure 2, on the same
Sheet, is an end elevation; Figure 3, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, is a front
elevation; and Figure 4, also on the latter Sheet, is a plan, all corresponding
to Figure 1. Figures 5 and 6 are edge and side views of small portions
of a completed heddle; Figure 7 is an enlarged view, explanatory of the
forming of the knot and binding stitch; Figures 8 and 9 are back and end
views of the depresser plate, for acting on the hook of the braiding needle;
and Figure 10 is an elevation of the marker movement.
The framing of the machine consists of two open cast-iron end standards A,
connected together by longitudinal cast-iron bars B. The power driven, or
mechanically actuated details of the mechanism, are actuated by means of the
main shaft C, carried in bearings in one of the end standards A, and running
parallel to the upper side bars B to about the longitudinal centre of the
machine, its inner end being supported in bearings on a transverse frame
piece D. This shaft C carries fast and loose pulleys E, and the driving belt
from an over-head or other shaft can be shifted from one to the other by
means of the fork l', which is carried on the end of a lever G, jointed to a
rod II, passing along the front of the machine, and having a stop I fixed to it,
by means of which the worker or attendant can shift the belt by a movement
of the right knee. A hand wheel J is fixed on the shaft C, by which the
10
15
20
25
30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. 5
I 0
20
25
30
35
Buchaman's Impts. in the Manufacture of ſleddles or Healds for Weaving.
machine can be worked slowly by hand when required, as, for example, for
the purpose of adjusting any part of the mechanism. The backing or
rib cords IX, upon which the loop ends of the threads composing the body
portion of the heddle are fixed, are unwound from a pair of large pulleys L,
which are each in one piece with a pulley, round which a weighted cord M is
passed, to restrain the unwinding action, and impart the necessary tension to
the cords K. These cords pass up over pulleys N, carried by small brackets
bolted to the end standard, and thence, passing through moveable tubes 0
and P, pursue horizontal courses, parallel to each other, and a certain distance
apart vertically, to a drum Q, mounted upon a vertical spindle R, carried in
foot-step and upper bearings, in brackets bolted to the opposite end standard.
The ends of the cords are fixed to the drum, which draws them through the
machine at a slow rate, to suit the progress of the making of the heddle, being
actuated from the main shaft by a train of wheels, which I shall herein-after
describe. The moveable tubes O, P, through which the rib cords K pass, have
carriers fixed to them for bobbins S, filled with twine for binding the loop
ends on the rib cords K, such twine being passed from the bobbins S through
guides T, also fixed to the tubes O, P, and beneath springs U, for giving it
the requisite tension to the part of the rib cords K, where the manufacturing
processes is going on, being attached to these cords at starting. The binding
cords from the bobbins S are made to lap round the rib cords at certain
intervals, each of the tubes O, P, and carriers being for this purpose made to
perform a revolution by means of a toothed collar, fast on the tube, and in
gear with an endless pitch chain V, to which the necessary movement is given
at the proper time. The lower portion of what is technically termed the
“clasp." W (Figures 5, 6, and 7,) of the heddle cord is formed by a thread,
which is lapped round the lower rib cord K, and round a fixed mesh stud X.
This clasp W is supplied by a bobbin Y, carried on a stud fixed to an
annular toothed plate or rim wheel Z, which encompasses or is external to the
mesh stud X and the lower rib cord tube P. This rim wheel Z is fitted with
V grooves on arms a, bolted to the end standard, and it revolves round these
arms, being driven by an intermediate pinion b, carried by a stud pin, bolted to
the framing, and in gear with a pinion c, fast on the driving shaft C. The
thread W passes from the bobbin Y through guides d, fixed to the rim Z, to
the lower rib cord K, to which it is attached at starting. Sufficient tension is
put upon the thread W by means of a blade spring h, fixed to the rim Z, and
pressing upon a small friction pulley i, loose on the stud carrier of the
bobbin Y, but connected to the bobbin by a pin. A toothed segment e is fixed
upon the rim wheel Z in such a position as when it comes round to gear with
6 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. Specification.
Buchanan's Impts. in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
a pinion f, carried on a stud, bolted to the end standard, and in one piece with
a small toothed wheel g, which is in gear with and drives the pitch chain W.
This toothed segment is of such a length as to cause the pitch chain V to
communicate a single complete revolution to each of the tubes O, P, as it
comes round with each revolution of the rim wheel Z. On the inner end of 5
the shaft C is keyed a pinion j, in gear with a spur wheel k, fast on a short
horizontal shaft, indicated by dotted lines at l, in Figure 1, and carried in
bearings in a double bracket m, bolted to the back frame piece n, which
last is itself bolted to the top frame bar B. The shaft l has also fast upon it
an oblique toothed or worm wheel, indicated by dotted lines at 0, in Figure 1,
and this wheel o is in gear with a larger oblique toothed or worm wheel p, on
a shaft q, at right angles to the shaft l. The shaft q has fixed upon it a duplex
wiper or cam r, arranged to give a reciprocating motion to a frame s, which
slides between V guides t, the cam being so arranged that the frame pauses
for an instant when at the end of its traverse nearest the driving end of the
machine, but on beginning to move back it is more quickly shifted than on
the return traverse. The cam causes the reciprocating motion of the frame s,
by acting alternately on the insides of the two vertical side bars of the frame.
The braiding needles w for forming the stitch, which is that technically known
as the “drummer's plait,” and which binds the heddle threads upon the rib
cords K, are carried in small brackets v, bolted to the frame s. The upper
braiding needle w works between two guides w upon a plate a, bolted to the
stationary framing, and on the needle being drawn just within these guides,
the completed loop falls off the end of it, the bent back hook of the needle
drawing the succeeding loop through the one which is thrown off the needle.
The bent back point of the needle w is depressed into a groove in the body
of the needle when the latter is traversing inwards, or away from the driving
end of the machine, by means of a depresser y, adjusted on a blade spring z,
fixed to the plate a. The blade spring 2 tends to depress the piece y, and
when the needle is traversing outwards, or towards the driving end of the
machine, the depresser is lifted by a wedge piece 1, formed on the end of an
arm 2, carried in a bracket 3, bolted to the traversing frame s. When the
wedge 1 is traversed outwards, by the movement of the frame s, its front point
is caught by and enters above a wedge piece 4, fast upon the plate a. The
wedge 1 passes over the fixed piece 4, and in so doing lifts the depresser y.
On the return traverse, however, the wedge 1 passes below the fixed piece 4,
and allows the spring blade 2 to depress the piece y. The braiding needle
for the lower rib cord K is arranged to act in the same way as the upper one,
just described, except that its point is bent back on one side instead of being
I ()
15
20
25
30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. 7
10
15
20
25
30
35
Buchanan's Impts. in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
bent or turned over upwards, the depresser and its actuating and guiding
details being arranged to suit this disposition. In the process of forming the
lower rib or backing on the cord K, the tube P makes a revolution, lapping
the thead from the lower bobbin S once round the cord K, and at the same
time the rim wheel G makes a revolution, and laps the clasp thread W round
the mesh stud X and round the lower rib cord K. These two loops or turns
of thread are caught in the hook of the lower needle u, and are drawn
by it through the preceding loop. The two threads are then again lapped
round the rib cord, and, being again caught in the hook of the needle, are
drawn through the last loop, which falls off the end of the needle, and so the
operation proceeds, the loops formed by the revolutions of the bobbin Y and
the lower bobbin S being drawn through each other in succession, thus forming
the “drummer's plait” stitch, which binds the “clasp " W firmly to the lower
rib cord K. The upper portion 5 of the heddle threads is thrown by hand,
but is bound upon the upper rib cord K in precisely the same manner as the
lower or “clasp" portion W is bound upon its rib cord. At starting, one end
of the cord 5 is attached, along with the upper binding cord, to the upper
rib cord K, the other end of the cord 5 being wound upon a small pirn 6,
which is carried in the hand of the worker. The thread 5 is passed through
the loop formed by the clasp thread W, and under the mesh stud X. The
eye of the heddle is formed on this stud by knotting the thread 5 above
the stud. One of these knots is shewn in the act of being formed at 7, in
Figure 7. The knot may be tied or formed in any convenient way, or any
convenient kind of knot may be used; but I prefer that represented in
the Figure, as offering little obstruction to the warps during the weaving
action. This knot 7 is run down to the stud X, and then the thread 5 is
passed over the upper rib cord K and braiding needle w; and the binding
cord from the upper bobbin S is at the same time lapped round the needle and
rib cord, and the binding stich is made in the manner already herein-before
described in reference to the binding of the clasp on the lower rib cord. The
“count” or degree of fineness of the heddle is regulated by the rate at which
the rib cords K are wound upon the take-up barrel Q, and the motion for
actuating this take-up barrel consists of a train of wheels, the first of which is
a worm wheel 8, driven by a worm 9, fast on the wiper shaft q. The worm
wheel 8 is fast on a vertical spindle 10, carried in bracket bearings, bolted to
the back frame piece n, and to the top frame bar B, and this spindle has fast
on its lower end a pinion 11, in gear with an intermediate spur wheel 12, carried
on a stud pin. The spur wheel 12 drives a spur wheel 13, also on a stud pin,
and in one piece with a pinion 14, which drives a spur wheel 15, fast on the
8 . A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. Specification.
J3uchanan's Impts. in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
spindle R of the take-up barrel. The “count” or number of splits in the
heddle may be varied by changing the worm wheel 8, whilst the length or
number of inches over which any “count” is distributed may be varied by
changing the spur wheel 13, this wheel being called the “standard ” wheel, as
indicating the length or standard to which the “count,” shewn by the worm
wheel 8, is to be referred. The worm wheel 9 on the wiper shaft q also drives
a worm wheel 16, fast on a vertical spindle 17, carried in bearings in the
bracket m, and having a cam 18 fixed upon its lower end, shaped to move
a lever 19 out and in a short distance alternately at each half revolution. The
lever 19 is jointed to a rod 20, which is drawn to a larger scale in Figure 10.
The rod 20 is jointed to a three-armed lever 21, one arm of which is formed
with an eye 22 at its extremity, for guiding a coloured thread 23, which is
unwound from a bobbin 24, and serves to mark the number of splits or threads
of the heddle. This marking is effected by causing the coloured thread to be
worked into the backing, so as to appear alternately on opposite sides of the
heddle, twenty or any other convenient regular number of splits being formed
or contained between each change of the coloured thread. The requisite
change of the thread is effected by the oscillation of the lever 21, as caused by
the cam 18, this movement causing the coloured thread to be guided alter-
nately on opposite sides of the backing, being caught in the braiding stitch at
each change. The third arm 25 of the lever 21 is jointed to a rod 26, which
passes up to a sliding piece 27, to which it is jointed. The sliding piece 27
slides on a short bracket 28, fixed to the stationary framing in an inclined
position, and it has fixed to it an arm 29, with a guide eye in the end of it.
This guide is for the application of a coloured thread, for marking the number
of splits on the upper backing of the heddle, in the same manner as the
marking is effected at the lower backing, as herein-before described, but the
upper marking mechanism is not represented in the Drawings as in use.
With the arrangements described, the heddle may be marked either at the
top or bottom, or at both sides. As the eyes 30 of the heddle are formed upon
the mesh stud X, they are gradually thrust off this stud by a reciprocating
ring 31, actuated by a rod 32, jointed to a lever 33, which oscillates on a
centre at the driving end of the machine. The lever 33 is jointed at its
lower end to a rod 34, which runs in guides and is acted upon at its inner end
by a lever 35, oscillating on a centre in the frame piece 36. To the upper
end of the lever 35 is jointed a rod 37, indicated by dotted lines in Figure 3,
in a slot in the other end of which works a pin on a tumbler lever 38. This
tumbler lever is acted upon by a spring catch at 39 upon the frame s, when
this frame is traversing away from the driving end of the machine, which
10
20
30
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2423. 9
10
20
Q
5
30
Tºuchanan's Impts, in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
catch and tumbler are so arranged as not to act on the return traverse; the
action on the rod 37 being transmitted through the lever 35, the rod 34, the
lever 33, and the rod 32, to the ring 31, makes this last traverse towards
the point of the mesh stud X. The ring 31 is traversed back by the action of
a spring upon the rod 34, this spring being indicated by dotted lines at 40, in
Figure 3. As the heddle is being formed, the number of splits are indicated
as they are completed upon a pair of dials 41 and 42, placed at one corner at
the driving end of the machine. The pointer of the dial 41 is fixed on a
spindle 43, upon which is a worm wheel 44, driven by a worm on a spindle
45, upon which is also fixed a toothed wheel 46, round which wheel the pitch
chain V is passed; and as the movements of this chain correspond to the work
performed, it will obviously transmit a correctly indicating motion to the
pointer of the dial 41. The spindle 43 has a worm upon it, which drives a
small worm wheel on a cross spindle 47, and on this last is fixed the pointer
of the dial 42. The indicating gear is so arranged that the dial 41 indicates
tens up to one hundred, and the dial 42 indicates hundreds, as far as is
necessary; or the indicating gear may be arranged to indicate any other con-
venient numbers.
IIaving now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, apparatus,
or means to be used in the manufacture of heddles or healds for weaving, as
herein—before described.
Second, the system or mode of driving the herein-before described machinery
or apparatus for manufacturing heddles or healds from a steam engine or
other continuous mover by means of a strap and pulleys, or other suitable
connection.
Third, the system or mode of driving the take-up movement of the herein-
before described machinery or apparatus for manufacturing heddles or healds
by means of a train of screw or worm wheels and spur gearing.
Fourth, the system or mode of mounting the take-up barrel or drum of
heddle or heald making machines upon the free end of its supporting spindle,
10 A.D. 1854.—N” 2423. Specification .
Buchanan's Impts. in the Manufacture of Heddles or Healds for Weaving.
so that the heddle or heald when completed may be drawn off the clear free
end of the drum, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the system or mode of varying the “count" of the heddle, by changing
the worm wheel or other wheel in the train of wheels composing the take-up
motion, and of varying the length of heddle over which the count is distri-
buted by changing another of the wheels of the said train, as herein-before
described.
Sixth, the system or mode of actuating the traversing frame, carrying the
braiding needles in heddles or heald making machines, by means of a duplex
cam on a continuously revolving shaft, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the system or mode of imparting tension to the rib cord in heddle
or heald making machines, by passing it between a fixed surface and a spring
of india-rubber, or other suitable material, as herein—before described.
Eighth, the system or mode of driving the marker movement, for working
the marking thread into the heddle, by means of a worm and worm wheel, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Buchanan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES BUCHANAN. (L.s.)
I/ONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
10
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A.D. 1854. Nov.15.Nº. 2423. ..SHEET I
BUCHANAN'S SPECIFICATION.
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A.D. 1854. Nov.15.Nº. 2423.
BUCHANAN'S SPECIFICATION,
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10
I5
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . N° 2484.
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, of Blackburn,
in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs.”
Sealed the 22nd May 1855, and dated the 24th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Willan and
Daniel Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th November 1854.
We, RoBERT WILLAN and DANIEL MILLs, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs " to be as follows:—
Our Invention relates to that part of the loom called the shuttle box, and
consists of making it of any suitable metal instead of wood, as heretofore, and
of making a slide or groove in each side of the box, so that a small carriage
will slide in the said grooves to and fro as each pick is made. Through the
said carriage we pass a piece of leather thong, or similar substance, so as to
form a loop underneath it. This carriage slides in the said grooves above the
shuttle, and when the shuttle enters the box under the carriage, the point of it
will enter the said loop, which will act as a partial stopper, and prevent the
shuttle rebounding. By this contrivance it will be evident that we shall
dispense with the spindle, spindle stud, slay end, slay end spring, bolts, and
check straps.

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2484. Specification.
Willam and Mills Improvements in Looms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Robert
WILLAN and DANIEL MILLs, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, Her special licence that we, the said
Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):—
Our Invention relates, firstly, to that part of the loom called the shuttle
box, and consists of making it of any suitable metal instead of wood, as here-
tofore, and of making a slide or groove in each side of the box, so that a
small carriage will slide in the said grooves to and fro as each pick is made.
Through the said carriage we pass a piece of leather thong, or similar substance,
so as to form a loop underneath it. As the said carriage slides in the grooves
above the shuttle, when the shuttle enters the box, the point of it will pass
through the loop, which will then press against the shoulder or thick part of
the shuttle, and act as a partial stopper to prevent the shuttle rebounding. It
10
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A.D.1854. Nov.24, Nº. 2484. - - - - // SHAEAT)
WILLAN & MILLS SPECIFICATION.
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London: Pºinted by George Epward EYRE and WILLIAM Spottiswoope, - - -
Printerstothe Queens mostExcellent Majesty 1855. - -
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2484. g 3
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Willan and Mills' Improvements in Looms.
is evident that by this contrivance the shuttle and picker will last much
longer than they can do by the present plan, because the point of the shuttle
does not strike against any hard substance to wear out, and we are also
enabled to dispense with the spindle, spindle stud, slay end, slay end spring,
bolts, and check straps. In the ordinary pickers, oil is also employed to lubri-
cate the spindle upon which the picker works, but with our improved arrange-
ment none is required; therefore we prevent the cloth from being soiled or
greased, as is usually the case. There is also great economy in the first cost
of the pickers, as well as requiring less power to work them. -
Secondly, in the employment of a lug or projection on the fly wheel, and
also on the break, so placed that they come in contact when the break is in
action, in order to cause a positive stop, and oblige the shuttle always to be
in one of the boxes when the loom is at rest. These our improvements will be
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and
the letters of reference thereon. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the principal
part of a loom with our improvements attached; Fig. 2, an end elevation of
the same; Fig. 3, the fly wheel detached, shewing the lug or projection;
Fig. 4, part of the break detached, also shewing the lug or projection; Figs. 5
and 6 are views of our improvements on an enlarged scale. Figs. 1 and 2
shew that we require no alteration of the general arrangement or working
parts of an ordinary loom except in the shuttle boxes and pickers. a represents
the picker stick; b, the thong, connecting it with our improved picker c, made
of hard wood, or other suitable material; the pickers slide in the grooves
d, forming part of the frames e, attached to the slay f. In or through the
picker we place the loop g, which acts upon the shuttle. h is a buffer, made
of leather or other suitable material, fixed to the end of the shuttle guide,
against which the picker strikes. In Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the lug or projection
on the break and fly wheel is shewn at k.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said improve-
ments, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we desire it
to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact
details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing
from the principle thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which, to the
best of our knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within this
realm, L
Firstly, the mode or method of working the pickers of looms.
And, secondly, the mode or method of stopping the loom, and causing the
shuttle to be always in the box at the time of stoppage, as such improve-
4 A.D. 1854.—N" 2484. Specification.
Willan and Mills' Improvements in Looms.
ments are herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. 5
ROBERT WILLAN. (L.s.)
I)ANIEL MILLS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Robert Willan and Daniel Mills, in
the presence of I ()
|... . . . . . (; 11 Es.
l’atent Ageul.
Manchester.
LONI)ON : -
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2546.
* * * * ******N-6°-ºvetº. *-ºs, wºº Nº. 8.2 s, S-2 e < *, *s, * Zºº, ºr v, x-rºr ºf ºf v-, *, * v-e J. v., tº sº. v. J. J. v., ... • . * * * * * f * * * * * * * * * * *Nº'ºzºwº ºf
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Robert Shaw, of Portlaw, in the County of Water-
ford, Ireland, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of
“CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTs. In Looms For WEAVING."
Sealed the 18th May 1855, and dated the 4th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1854.
I, ROBERT SHAw, of Portlaw, in the County of Waterford, Ireland, Cotton
5 Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in an improved combination of machinery for releasing
or allowing the warp in power looms to unrol as it is woven. To the warp
beam, or to a short shaft connected to it, is fixed a toothed wheel gearing into
10 a pinion, to which is fixed a friction pulley. A cord is carried round this pulley,
one end of which is fast to the frame side, or other more convenient place, and
to the other end is attached a screw with an adjustable nut. This screw passes
through a spring connected by a rod to the horizontal arm of the rocking frame

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2546. roºm
Specification.
Shaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
or vibrator, which is drawn down by a spring or weight in the ordinary manner.
When the loom to which my improvements are applied is set in motion, the
action of the cloth elevates the horizontal arm of the vibrator, when the rod
acting on the spring eases it off the adjustable nut, thereby slackening the
friction band on the friction pulley; the strain of the warp then turns the warp
beam partly round, thereby allowing the horizontal arm of the vibrator to be
pulled down by the weight or spring attached to it, and again tightening the
cord on the friction pulley. In some cases the weight or spring of the vibrator
may be dispensed with. These operations are repeated at every stroke of the
batten, or whenever it is requisite to let off the warp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Shaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd June 1855. -
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Ronent
SHAw, of Portlaw, in the County of Waterford, Ireland, Cotton Spinner and
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Shaw, Her special license that I, the said Robert Shaw,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMs
For WEAVING,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Shaw, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent. -
10
20
Specification, A.D. 1854.—Nº 2546. 3
Shaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Shaw, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:—
5 The nature of my said Invention consists in certain improved combinations
of machinery, by which the warp in power looms is released, or allowed to
unroll off the warp beam as it is woven; and in order that my Invention may
be fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe
the means pursued by me, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
10 Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION of THE DRAwings.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the principal parts of a loom, to which one
mode of constructing my improvements is applied; and Fig. 2 is an elevation,
taken from the back of the same loom. a is the warp beam, one end of
15 which is provided with a socket, fitting on the end of a short shaft b, working
in the bearing c. (ſo the outer end of the shaft b is fixed a spur wheel d,
gearing in the pinion a fixed tº the fiction pulleyſ. This pinion and pulley 34,
are supported on the stud g, which is fixed to the loom side in any convenien /

=—e. -s—sº- * >
20 the fulcrum shaft j. To the shaft j is fixed the lever k, which is drawn down
by the spiral spring l, or by a weight, in the ordinary manner. To the lever Jøe &
k is also attached the upper end of the rod m, the lower end of which passes
through the spring n, and is furnished with a T head. \A cord, strap, chain, or Ç
band 0 is taken round the friction pulley f, one end of which is secured to the $º, \-
25 ſoom sideſor other convenient place, and the other end, which is furnished with
a screw and regulating nut, marked p, passes through the spring n. The taking-
up motion and the other parts of the loom that are not shewn in the Drawing.
are made as usual. The mode of operation is as follows:—The warp, which
is indicated by the lines q, is taken from the warp beam a, partly round the
30 shaft j, and over the rocking rail h, the amount of tension being regulated in
the ordinary manner by the strength of the spring l, and the distance from the
point of suspension to the shaft j. When the loom is at work the taking up
of the cloth tightens the warp, thereby elevating the lever k; the lower end of
the rod m is thus made to raise the spring n, which action eases the said spring
off the adjustable nut p, and slackens the friction band 9, passing round the vºy %
friction pulley f; the strain of the warp then turns the warp beam partly round,

4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2546. Specification.
Shaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
thereby slackening the warp, and allowing the lever k to be again pulled down
by the spring or weight attached to it; the spring n then acting on the adjustable
nut p, tightens the band o on the friction pulley f. These operations are *
repeated at every stroke of the batten, or whenever the warp is sufficiently
tight to raise the lever k. In some cases the spring n may be made suffi-
ciently strong to give the requisite tension to the warp, and the spring l, or the
weight substituted in its stead, may then be dispensed with. I would also
remark that a break may be applied to the friction pulley f instead of the
chain or band 0. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the principal parts of a loom,
to which another modification of my improvements is applied ; and Fig. 4, an
elevation, taken from the back of the same. Many of the parts in this com-
bination being similar to those above described, are marked with similar letters
of reference. In this instance the rocking rail h is attached at each end to the
springs r, r. Within one of these springs is another spring s, which answers
the same purpose as the one marked n in Figs. 1 and 2. On referring to the
detached Fig. 5, it will be seen, that in order to limit the range of the springs r,
a bolt a passes through each of the said springs to the bracket w. The
friction cord, strap, chain, or band o is attached by one end to a stud rivetted
to the upper end of the spring s, and after passing around the friction pulley f,
is secured to the adjusting screw t, which passes through the bracket w, and
is held by the regulating nut v. The upper part of the bracket w and the
lower surface of the regulating nut v are made of a curved form, by which
means, when the friction band has been set to its proper tension, the nut cannot
unscrew of itself. The mode of operation is as follows:—When the tension
of the warp is sufficiently great to overcome the resistance of the springs r,
one of the said springs comes against the stud rivetted to the upper end of the
spring s, thereby slackening the friction band o, and allowing the warp beam
to turn partly round to let off warp; or a regulating set screw, similar to that
marked z in Fig. 5, may be employed, the point of which comes against the
spring s when the warp compresses the springs r. As soon as the warp regains
its proper tension, the rocking rail h again assumes the position shewn in
Fig. 3, and the spring r moves beyond the reach of the spring s, thereby
allowing the friction band o to check the friction pulley f, until more warp is
required to be let off, when the same operations are repeated. For some
descriptions of warp the wheels d and pinions e may be dispensed with, and
the friction pulleyffixed to the end of the warp beam or to the shaft b. '
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the
5
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N..*
35
s
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2546. 5
Shaw's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
details herein set forth; but that what I claim is, the improved combinations ,
of machinery described, by means whereof the warp is released or allowed 2.
to unroll off the warp beam in the proportion required by the taking-up
\-
º
motion.
5 In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Shaw, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
ROBERT SHAW. (L.s.)
Witness to the signature of Robert Shaw,
10 H. B. BARLow,
wº Patent Agent,
Manchester.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE Edward EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
A.I). 1854. DEC. 4. Nº. 2546.
SHAWS SPECIFICATION.
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5
10
A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . N° 2665.
Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hart, residing at No. 255, George Street,
in the City of Glasgow, Foreman to Messrs. David and John Anderson,
of the said City, Manufacturers, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN
JACQUARD APPARATUS FoR WEAVING."
Sealed the 18th May 1855, and dated the 18th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1854.
I, THOMAS HART, residing at No. 255, George Street, in the City of
Glasgow, Foreman to Messrs. David and John Anderson, of the said City,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:–
According to the ordinary and well-known construction of looms for weaving
tartans, and other chequered fabrics and goods in which the colours or nature
of the woof have to be changed at intervals, a number of shuttles are employed,
one for each different colour or nature of woof, which are thrown from and to,
and when at rest are contained in, a tier of shuttle boxes one above another, at
one end of the lay. This tier of shuttle boxes is capable of sliding up and
down, so as to bring any required shuttle opposite to the race. After one
A

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Provisional
Specification
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
--sº
shuttle has made the number of shots of its particular colour or nature of woof
which are required by the pattern, the tier of shuttle boxes is shifted up or
down, so as to bring the shuttle for another colour or nature of woof opposite
to the race, and so on. Many contrivances for regulating the shifting of the
tier of shuttle boxes have been invented and used, some of which are of the
nature of that well-known piece of machinery called the jacquard apparatus.
My Invention consists in improvements in the manner of constructing and
working jacquard apparatus, so as to regulate the shifting of the shuttle boxes
in a more convenient and efficient manner than has hitherto been used, which
improvements are also to a certain extent applicable to jacquard apparatus for
what purpose soever employed, it being well known that jacquard apparatus is
generally applicable to the production of a series of varied movements of
machinery in regular order.
For the sake of greater distinctness, I shall divide this statement of the
nature of my Invention into three parts: the first, relating to the mode of action
of the bars or rods, well known by the name of “jacquard needles,” when
specially applied to the shifting of shuttle boxes; the second, relating to the
construction of the “jacquard cylinder;" and the third, to a method of causing
the rotation of the jacquard cylinder to stop and to recommence at particular
periods in the working of the loom. The tier of shuttle boxes is supported and
raised or lowered by a rod near and parallel to one of the swords of the loom,
and having at its lower end a slide capable of moving in vertical guides. When
this slide is at its lowest elevation the uppermost shuttle box is opposite to the
race, and there are a series of spring catches at different heights for supporting
the slide at the different elevations required, in order to bring the other shuttle
boxes opposite to the race. Each of those catches is capable of being drawn
back when necessary, so as to allow the slide to descend; but on being let go,
each catch is brought by a spring forward to its original position.
Below the slide there is a lever, capable of moving in a vertical plane, and of
lifting the slide, and consequently the shuttle boxes, to any required height. To
this lever are attached the vertical hooks of the jacquard apparatus, one less in
number than the number of shuttles. These hooks are moved forward and
backward at proper times in the usual and well-known manner by horizontal
rods or bars, called needles, through holes in which needles the hooks pass.
When any hook is moved forward by its needle it is caught upon and drawn up
by one of a set of horizontal rails fixed to a sliding frame, which constitutes the
claw of the jacquard apparatus, and moves up and down with each double shot
of the loom; when the hook is drawn back, it is freed from the claw. The
horizontal rails of the claw opposite the different hooks are fixed to their sliding
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s: A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 3
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
frame at different elevations, each being suited for drawing up the lever, and
so raising the slide and the shuttle boxes to the height required for bringing
one particular shuttle to the level of the race; and they are also capable of
being adjusted by having their elevation varied, so as to make them work
correctly and without shocks. Thus, when all the hooks are drawn back, the
highest shuttle is opposite to the race. When the hook opposite the highest
rail is moved forward and caught upon that rail, the raising of the claw lifts
the second shuttle, reckoning downwards to the race, and so on, the lowest rail
and the hook opposite to it corresponding to the lowest shuttle.
It is obvious that when the instant arrives for bringing a new shuttle opposite
to the race, the box containing that shuttle may be either above or below the
level of the race, and may be at various distances above or below. If it is
below, it is lifted to the proper elevation by the proper hook, in the manner
already described; but if it is above, it is dropped to the proper elevation in
the following manner:—Each of the jacquard needles (except that belonging
to the hook, which corresponds to the lowest rail and to the highest elevation of
the shuttle boxes,) is so connected with the spring catches, formerly mentioned,
by levers, or other known means of transmitting motion, that on being pushed
forward, it not merely advances the hook proper for lifting the shuttle boxes to
the required elevation, but at the same time and by the same movement draws
back every spring catch above the level of that catch which is proper for
supporting the boxes at the required elevation; and there is an additional
needle, not having any hook, which, on being pushed forward, draws back
all the spring catches at once, so as to let the shuttle boxes drop to their
lowest position.
The nature of the first part of my Invention is the combination of known
pieces of machinery in such a way that each shuttle has one jacquard needle
corresponding to it, which, being pushed forward, the required shuttle, whether
above or below the level of the race, and at what distance soever, is imme-
diately brought opposite to the race by this one operation, in the manner
herein-before described. There is still another additional needle, not con-
nected with any shuttle, but intended for a purpose to be described in the
sequel.
The second part of my Invention is an improved construction of the jacquard
cylinder, which moves backward and forward at each double shot of the loom,
and by whose surface the needles are pushed forward when required, in the
manner well known. According to the ordinary construction, this cylinder is
square or polygonal in section, having on each flat surface a number of holes,
corresponding to the ends of the needles. It has upon its axis a ratchet wheel,
A 2
4 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Provisional
Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
or some equivalent apparatus, acted upon by a click, which turns on a fixed pin,
and which, at each complete stroke of the frame carrying the cylinder, pulls the
ratchet wheel round by the space of one tooth, and brings round a new flat
surface of the cylinder. The cylinder in revolving brings forward one by one
a chain of pattern cards, fitting its flat surface, pierced with holes, corresponding
to the holes in the cylinder opposite to the needles, which are not to be pushed
forward at each shot, and not pierced opposite to the needles which are to be
pushed forward. According to my improved construction, the cylinder and its
ratchet wheel are made so large as not to revolve more than once for each
repetition of the pattern. Instead of flat faces, the cylinder has longitudinal
bars, having between them open spaces or slots, corresponding in number and
position with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, by which they are brought suc-
cessively opposite to the needles; and instead of using pattern cards, I insert
studs or stoppers into these slots at the points which are brought opposite to
the needles to be pushed forward at each double shot of the loom, leaving the
other parts of the slots vacant. This construction is stronger and more
durable, more easily altered to any required pattern, less expensive, and less
liable to injury than the ordinary system of pattern cards, and is applicable
to the cylinders of jacquard apparatus in general.
The third part of my Invention consists in a method of causing the rotation
of the jacquard cylinder to stop and to recommence when required. If there
were nothing in the machinery beyond what I have already described, the
rotation of the jacquard cylinder would go on continuously at the rate of one
tooth of the ratchet wheel for each double shot of the loom; and it would be
necessary, after every slot of the cylinder containing a stopper for pushing
forward a needle and bringing a new shuttle to the race, to have a number of
vacant slots, corresponding with the number of additional double shots to be
made with the same shuttle before again changing the colour or nature of the
woof; and hence it would be necessary that the entire number of double shots
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in the pattern should either be exactly the same with the entire number of 30
slots in the circumference of the cylinder, or should be an exact aliquot part
of that number, such as one-half, one-third, or the like. But supposing it
were possible to make the rotation of the jacquard cylinder stop at a certain
shot of the pattern, and recommence after any assigned number of double
shots, the same shuttle would continue in action all the while the cylinder
was standing still, and thus there might be introduced into the pattern at any
part or parts required any required number of double shots of any particular
colour or nature of woof over and above the number corresponding to the
slots in the jacquard cylinder, so that it would not be necessary that the
35
Specification.
Provisional A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 5
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
number of double shots in the pattern should be either exactly equal to, or
an exact aliquot part of, the number of slots in the cylinder.
The third part of my Invention is a method of accomplishing this object,
and is applicable to the cylinders of jacquard apparatus in general. It is
obvious, that if the click which acts on the teeth of the ratchet wheel of the
cylinder be disengaged from the teeth, the cylinder will cease to rotate until
the click is again allowed to take hold.
I have already mentioned a certain additional needle, not acting upon any
of the hooks for lifting, or the catches for supporting the shuttle boxes. To
distinguish this needle, I shall call it the “disengaging needle.” When this
needle is pushed forward, by a stopper fixed in one of the slots of the cylinder
for that purpose, one of its effects is, by means of levers, or any ordinary mode
of transmitting motion, to disengage the click of the ratchet wheel of the
cylinder. The click is then kept in its disengaged position by a rest or spring
catch, and remain so until that rest or catch is withdrawn, by means to be
afterwards described. During this time, therefore, the cylinder ceases to
rotate, and continues to give a reciprocating movement to the disengaging
needle. Another effect of the motion of the disengaging needle is as
follows:—
There is a second ratchet wheel, which I call the index wheel, having any
convenient number of teeth, and an equal number of holes round its rim, in
any one of which a pin can be fixed, for a purpose to be presently described.
Round a barrel on the axis of this wheel a chain, cord, or strap is wound, with
a weight hung to it, which, when the wheel is not otherwise acted upon, keeps
it in a fixed position, and brings it back to that position when it is set at liberty
after having been moved. The index wheel is pulled round by a click, which
receives a longitudinal reciprocating motion from the disengaging needle, and
which advances the wheel by one tooth for every double shot of the loom
during the period in which the jacquard cylinder continues to act on the dis-
engaging needle.
A second click, having no longitudinal motion, prevents the index wheel from
being turned back by the weight during this operation. The pin, before
mentioned, being fixed in a particular hole in the rim of the index wheel, is
brought round step by step, and after a number of double shots, depending
on the position of that hole, it is at length brought to press against a bar,
connected in such a way with the two clicks of the index wheel, and with the
rest or spring catch of the click of the ratchet wheel of the jacquard cylinder,
that at the same moment the first two clicks are disengaged from the teeth of
the index wheel and kept disengaged by a spring catch, and the last click is
6 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Provisional
Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
allowed again to take hold of the teeth of the ratchet wheel of the cylinder;
in consequence of which, the jacquard cylinder recommences its rotation, and
ceases to act on the disengaging needle, while at the same time the index
wheel, being free, is pulled by the weight back to its original position. On the
return of the index wheel to its original position, the pin strikes against and
removes the spring catch of the two clicks of the index wheel, leaving them
in readiness to repeat their action so soon as the disengaging needle is again
pushed forward.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Hart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAs
HART, residing at Number Two hundred and fifty-five, George Street, in the
City of Glasgow, Foreman to Messieurs David and John Anderson, of the
said City, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Hart, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Hart,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Hart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS FOR
WEAVING,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Hart,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Hart, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
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formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following 35
statement, that is to say:—
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 7
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
According to the ordinary and well-known construction of looms for weaving
tartans, and other chequered fabrics and goods in which the colours or nature
of the woof have to be changed at intervals, a number of shuttles are employed,
one for each different colour or nature of woof, which are thrown from and
to, and when at rest are contained in, a tier of shuttle boxes, one above
another, at one end of the lay. This tier of shuttle boxes is capable of sliding
up and down, so as to bring any required shuttle opposite to the race. After
one shuttle has made the number of shots of its particular colour or nature of
woof which are required by the pattern, the tier of shuttle boxes is shifted up
or down, so as to bring the shuttle for another colour or nature of woof opposite
to the race, and so on. Many contrivances for regulating the shifting of the
tier of shuttle boxes have been invented and used, some of which are of the
nature of that well-known piece of machinery called the jacquard apparatus.
My Invention consists in improvements in the manner of constructing and
5 working a jacquard apparatus, so as to regulate the shifting of the shuttle
boxes in a more convenient and efficient manner than has hitherto been used,
which improvements are also to a certain extent applicable to jacquard appa-
ratus for what purpose soever employed, it being well known that jacquard
apparatus is generally applicable to the production of a series of varied move-
ments of machinery in regular order.
The tier of shuttle boxes is supported and raised or lowered by a rod,
having at its lower end a slider capable of moving vertically. When this
slider is at its lowest elevation the uppermost shuttle box is opposite to the
race, and there are a series of spring catches at different heights for supporting
the slider at the different elevations required, in order to bring the other
shuttle boxes opposite to the race. Each of those catches is capable of being
drawn back when necessary, so as to allow the slider to descend; but on
being let go, each catch is brought by a spring forward to its original position.
Below the slider there is a bar, capable of moving in a vertical direction, and
of lifting the slider, and consequently the shuttle boxes, to any required height.
With this lifting bar are connected the vertical hooks of the jacquard appa-
ratus, one less in number than the shuttles. These hooks are moved forward
and backwards at proper times in the usual and well-known manner by
means of horizontal rods or bars, called needles. When any hook is moved
forward by its needle, it is caught upon and drawn up by one of a set of hori-
zontal rails, fixed to a sliding frame, which constitutes the claw of the jacquard
apparatus, and moves up and down with each double shot of the loom; when
the hook is drawn back it is freed from the claw. The horizontal rails of the
8 A.D. 1854.—N" 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
claw opposite the different hooks are fixed to their sliding frame at different
elevations, each being suited for drawing up the lever, and so raising the
slider and the shuttle boxes to the height required for bringing one particular
shuttle to the level of the race, and they are also capable of being adjusted
by having their elevation varied, so as to make them work correctly and
without shocks.
It is obvious, that when the instant arrives for bringing a new shuttle oppo-
site to the race, the box containing that shuttle may be either above or below
the level of the race, and may be at various distances above or below. If it is
below, it is lifted to the proper elevation by the proper hook, in the manner
already described; but if it is above, it is dropped to the proper elevation in
the following manner:—Each of the jacquard needles (except that belonging
to the hook, which corresponds to the highest elevation of the shuttle boxes,)
is so connected with the spring catches, formerly mentioned, by levers or other
known means of transmitting motion, that, on being pushed forward, it not
merely advances the hook proper for lifting the shuttle boxes to the required
elevation, but at the same time and by the same movement draws back every
spring catch above the level of that catch, which is proper for supporting the
boxes at the required elevation; and there is an additional needle, not having
any hook, which, on being pushed forward, draws back all the spring catches
at once, so as to let the shuttle boxes drop to their lowest position. There is
still another additional needle, not connected with any shuttle, but intended
for a purpose to be described in the sequel.
Another part of my Invention is an improved construction of the jacquard
cylinder, which moves backward and forward at each double shot of the loom,
and by whose surface the needles are pushed forward when required in the
manner well known. According to the ordinary construction, this cylinder is
square or polygonal in Section, having on each flat surface a number of holes,
corresponding to the ends of the needles. It has upon its axis a ratchet
wheel, or some equivalent apparatus, acted upon by a click, which turns
on a fixed pin, and which, at each complete stroke of the frame carrying
the cylinder, pulls the ratchet wheel round by the space of one tooth, and
brings round a new flat surface of the cylinder. The cylinder in revolving
brings forward one by one a chain of pattern cards, fitting its flat surfaces,
pierced with holes, corresponding to the holes in the cylinder opposite to
the needles, which are not to be pushed forward at each shot, and not
pierced opposite to the needles which are to be pushed forward. According
to my improved construction, the cylinder and its ratchet wheel are made so
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—N" 2665. 9
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
large as not to revolve more than once for each repetition of the pattern.
lnstead of flat faces, the cylinder has bars or ribs, having between them open
spaces, corresponding in number and position with the teeth of the ratchet wheel,
by which they are brought successively opposite to the needles; and instead
of using pattern cards, I insert stoppers into these spaces at the points which
are brought opposite to the needles to be pushed forward at each double shot
of the loom. This construction is stronger and more durable, more easily
altered to any required pattern, less expensive, and less liable to injury than
the ordinary system of pattern cards, and is applicable to the cylinders of
10 jacquard apparatus of various kinds.
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Another part of my Invention consists in a method of causing the rotation
of the jacquard cylinder to stop and to recommence when required. If there
were nothing in the machinery beyond what I have already described, the
rotation of the jacquard cylinder would go on continuously, at the rate of one
tooth of the ratchet wheel for each double shot of the loom; and it would be
necessary, after every space of the cylinder containing a stopper for pushing
forward a needle and bringing a new shuttle to the race, to have a number of
vacant spaces, corresponding with the number of additional double shots to be
made with the same shuttle, before again changing the color or nature of the
woof, and hence it would be necessary that the entire number of double shots
in the pattern should either be exactly the same with the entire number of
spaces in the circumference of the cylinder, or should be an exact aliquot part
of that number, such as one-half, one-third, or the like. But supposing it
were possible to make the rotation of the jacquard cylinder stop at a certain
5 shot of the pattern, and recommence after any assigned number of double
shots, the same shuttle would continue in action all the while the cylinder was
standing still, and thus there might be introduced into the pattern at any part
or parts required any required number of double shots of any particular color
or nature of woof over and above the number corresponding to the spaces in
the circumference of the jacquard cylinder, so that it would not be necessary
that the number of double shots in the pattern should be either exactly equal
to, or an exact aliquot part of, the number of spaces in the circumference of
the cylinder. This part of my Invention is a method of accomplishing this
object, and is applicable to jacquard apparatus of various kinds and for various
purposes. It is obvious that if the click which acts on the teeth of the ratchet
wheel of the cylinder be disengaged from the teeth, the cylinder will cease to
rotate until the click is again allowed to take hold. I have already mentioned
a certain additional needle, not acting upon any of the hooks for lifting, or the
10 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
catches for supporting the shuttle boxes. To distinguish this needle, I shall
call it the disengaging needle. When this needle is pushed forward by a
stopper fixed in one of the spaces of the cylinder for that purpose, one of its
effects is, by means of levers, or any ordinary mode of transmitting motion, to
disengage the click of the ratchet wheel of the cylinder; the click is then kept
in its disengaged position by a rest or spring catch, and remains so until that
rest or catch is set free, by means to be afterwards described. During this
time, therefore, the cylinder ceases to rotate, and continues to give a recipro-
cating movement to the disengaging needle. Another effect of the motion of
the disengaging needle is as follows:—There is a second ratchet wheel, which I
call the index wheel, having any convenient number of teeth, and a corre-
sponding number of holes round its rim, in which pins can be fixed, for a
purpose to be presently described. Round a barrel or pulley on the axis of
this wheel a chain, cord, or strap is wound, with a weight hung to it, which,
when the wheel is not otherwise acted upon, keeps it in a fixed position, and
brings it back to that position when it is set at liberty after having been
moved. The index wheel is pulled round by a click, which receives a longitu-
dinal reciprocating motion from the disengaging needle, and which advances
the wheel by one tooth for every double shot of the loom during the period in
which the jacquard cylinder continues to act on the disengaging needle. A
second click, having no longitudinal motion, prevents the index wheel from
being turned back by the weight during this operation. A pin fixed in a par-
ticular hole in the rim of the index wheel is brought round step by step, and
after a number of double shots, depending on the position of that hole, it is at
length brought to press against a bar connected in such a way with the two
clicks of the index wheel, and with the rest or spring catch of the click of the
ratchet wheel of the jacquard cylinder, that at the same moment the first two
clicks are disengaged from the teeth of the index wheel, and kept disengaged
by a spring catch or catches, and the last click is allowed again to take hold Of
the teeth of the ratchet wheel of the cylinder; in consequence of which, the
jacquard cylinder recommences its rotation, and ceases to act on the disen-
gaging needle, while at the same time the index wheel, being free, is pulled by
the weight back to its original position. On the return of the index wheel to
its original position, the spring catch or catches of the two clicks of the index
wheel are removed, leaving those clicks in readiness to repeat their action so
soon as the disengaging needle is again pushed forward.
I shall now proceed to describe the Drawing annexed hereto, which Draw-
ing represents machinery whereby my Invention is or may be carried into
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T T *-* --→ ---ºr---. ------..— ... ——— . .
Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 11
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
effect, it being understood that the arrangement and details of such machinery
may be varied, to suit the circumstances under which it is to be employed,
without departing from the principle of my Invention.
Figure Second is a plan of the said machinery; Figure First is a vertical
5 and longitudinal section of the said machinery along a line which is marked
on the plan, Figure Second, by alternate long and round dots; Figure Third
is a side elevation of the said machinery, in a plane parallel to the plane of
section before mentioned; Figure Fourth is a front elevation of a certain part
of the said machinery, called the claw. The different parts of the machinery are
10 distinguished by symbols of reference, consisting of letters, or of letters and
numbers combined; and when any particular part of the machinery is visible
in more than one Figure, the same symbol is affixed to such part in each
Figure in which it occurs. The same symbol is occasionally repeated more
than once in the same Figure, either at different points of the same part of the
15 machinery, or on two or more similar parts of the machinery; but in such
cases, the symbol so repeated in the Drawing is not repeated in this descrip-
tion, but mentioned as if it occurred only once in the Drawing. Dotted lines
in the Drawing, when not otherwise specified, shew the positions of parts of
the machinery which in the actual machine are concealed behind other
20 parts; but in certain cases dotted lines are used to represent positions of parts of
the machinery different from those corresponding to the general position of the
machinery, as shewn in the Drawing, and those cases are particularly specified
in the sequel of this description.
The whole of the machinery, where not otherwise specified, is shewn in the
25 position corresponding to the lowest position of the shuttles, and to that period
of a revolution when a double shot has just been completed, and when that
motion of the machinery is about to commence which will produce a change in
the elevation of the shuttle boxes. A is one end of the tappet shaft of a loom
revolving once for each double shot of the woof; B is part of a rod supporting
30 the shuttle boxes. This rod is forked at its lower end, where it is jointed to
a slider b 1, capable of moving up and down on a guide rod b 2. The elevation
of this slider regulates the elevation of the shuttle boxes. Those two parts of
the loom just mentioned, viz., the end of the tappet shaft and part of the rod
which supports the shuttle boxes, are the only parts shewn in the Drawing, as
35 they are the parts whereby the loom is connected with the machinery for
carrying my Invention into effect. a 1 is a cam, keyed on the shaft A, which
cam, through the pin or stud c 1 and rod c 2, guided by the guide lever c 3,
imparts a reciprocating motion to the lever C. The lever C is keyed on the
* ---------— .... ----. ... -- --
12 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
shaft c 4, which carries on its ends two forks, marked c. 5, whose prongs
embrace the ends of the shaft g of the jacquard cylinder, and impart a hori-
zontal reciprocating motion to that cylinder. On the tappet shaft A is a crank
a 2, which, by means of a crank pin a 3 and a slotted link d l, communicates
a vibrating movement to the toothed sector D upon the shaft d 2. This
toothed sector, acting on a rack fixed to the back of the frame E, called a
“claw,” gives a reciprocating vertical motion to the said claw, which is guided
by two spindles, marked f. The rise of the claw takes place immediately after
the forward movement of the jacquard cylinder. The length of the slot in the
link d 1 is adjusted, and the extent of motion of the claw consequently regu-
lated, by means of an adjusting screw d 3. The parts marked A, a 1, a 2, a 3,
C, c 1, c 2, c 3, d. 1, and d 3, are not shewn in the Third Figure, although par-
tially visible past the framework in that view of the actual machinery which
the Third Figure represents, because to shew them in that Figure would have
made it needlessly complex by the mere repetition of parts completely shewn in
Figures First and Second. The claw E is shewn in side elevation in Figure
First, in pian in Figure Second, and separately in front elevation in Figure
Fourth. e 1, e2, e3, are its three horizontal rails, suitable for lifting the shuttle
boxes to three different heights; which rails are moveable in vertical guides,
and capable of being adjusted to work correctly by screws shewn in the Figures.
G is the ratchet wheel of the jacquard cylinder, acted on by the click K, which
when in action pulls the said wheel round by one tooth for each double shot
of the loom; k are two springs, pressing against the inner side of the said
wheel, so as to produce friction sufficient to prevent it from revolving, except
under the action of the click. The shaft g of the jacquard cylinder is sup-
ported by two plumber blocks, marked H, which slide horizontally on rails
marked h. The jacquard cylinder consists of circular ribs, formed like wheels
or discs, one more in number than the number of needles, and capable of being
removed from the shaft and replaced upon it when required. In the machine
represented in the Drawing there are six such circular ribs, marked respec-
tively g 1, g 2, g 3, g 4, g 5, 9 6; each of those circular ribs is pierced round
its rim with holes, equal in number to the teeth in the ratchet wheel G, which
holes serve, by means of pins, for the fixing of stoppers, marked i, at such points
between the ribs as are suitable for producing the required pattern by the
action of such stoppers on the needles; so that the number of spaces in which
such stoppers can be fixed, reckoning round the circumference of the jacquard
cylinder, is equal to the number of teeth in the ratchet wheel G for each needle;
and reckoning parallel to the axis of the jacquard cylinder, equal to the number
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 13
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
of needles for each tooth of the ratchet wheel, or in all equal to the product
of these two numbers. It is evident that the same number and arrangement of
spaces might be obtained by making the ribs of the jacquard cylinder consist
of straight bars parallel to its axis, equal in number to the teeth of the ratchet
wheel, and having holes in each such rib equal in number to the needles, for
the fixing of stoppers in the spaces between the ribs. L I, L 2, L3, L 4, L 5,
are needles, supported in a horizontal position in the frame of the machine,
and capable of moving longitudinally. Those needles are represented in the
Drawing as being in their furthest backward position, which they assume when
not pushed forward by the stoppers in the jacquard cylinder. The needles
L 1 and L 5 are furnished with spiral springs, shewn in the Drawing, for
restoring them to the said backward position when the stoppers cease to act on
them; the intermediate needles are drawn back by the action of other parts
of the machinery. N 1, N2, N 3, are catches, each consisting of a vertical
lever with a projecting tooth, suitable for supporting the slider b 1, and con-
sequently the shuttle boxes, at a different elevation. Each of those vertical
levers turns upon and is supported by the end of a horizontal lever; one of
those horizontal levers is shewn in Figure, First and marked O 3. In Figure
Second the horizontal levers are concealed by the spiral springs o 4, o 5, o 6,
which serve to draw back the upper ends and forward the lower ends of the
catches N 1, N2, N 3. The said horizontal levers are supported by, and
capable of turning on, a shaft marked o ; and their positions, and consequently
the elevations of the respective catches, are adjusted by means of screws, one
of which, o 3, is shewn in Figure 1st. The catches N 1, N2, N 3, are acted
upon by the needles I. 2, L3, L 4, by means of the following mechanism:—
M 1, M2, M3, are horizontal shafts at right angles to the needles; to the
shaft M. 1 is fixed a lever m 1, which, by means of a rod n 4, is capable of
drawing back the catch N 1; to the shaft M2 is fixed a lever n 2, which, by
means of a rod n 5, is capable of drawing back the catch N 2; to the shaft
M 3 is fixed a lever n 3, which, by means of a rod n 6, is capable of drawing
back the catch N 3. Moreover, to the shaft M l are fixed three levers m 1,
m 2, m 4, which traverse respectively slits m, and are capable of being pushed
forward by the needles L 2, L 3, L 4; to the shaft M2 are fixed two levers
m 3, m 5, which traverse respectively slits m, and are capable of being pushed
forward by the needles L 3, L 4 ; to the shaft M 3 is fixed one lever in G,
which traverses a slit ºn, and is capable of being pushed forward by the needle
L 4. The needles L I and L 5 are not connected with any of the Supporting
catches N1, N2, N 3; hence, when the needle L 2 is pushed forward, the
14 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
catch N 1 is drawn back alone; when the needle L 3 is pushed forward, the
catches N1 and N 2 are drawn back at once; and when the needle L 4 is
pushed forward, the catches N 1, N2, N 3, are all drawn back at once; so
that the pushing forward of one of those needles draws back at one operation
all the supporting catches above a certain position of the slider b 1, to which the
needle corresponds; and the shuttle boxes can by one operation be dropped to
any required position above which they happen to be. The following is the
mechanism whereby the shuttle boxes are raised to any required position below
which they happen to be:—S is a horizontal lifting bar, capable of moving in
a vertical direction; to guide the motion of this bar, it is fixed to two levers,
marked s 1, which are fixed on the ends of a shaft marked s 2; the lifting bar
S passes below a projection on the slider b 1, and above the lower ends of the
hooks P 1, P2, P3, which are capable of rising and falling between vertical
guides marked r. These hooks have weights behind, to make their upper ends
fall into an oblique position backward when not otherwise acted on; one of
those weights is shewn in Figure First, and marked q 3. The forward position
of the upper end of a hook is marked by dotted lines in Figure First. The
hooks P 1, P2, P3, are capable of being pushed forward by the needles L 1,
I, 2, L 3, respectively; when the hook P 1 is pushed forward by the needle
L1, it is caught by the uppermost rail e 1 of the claw, and thereby made to
lift the slider b 1, and consequently the shuttle boxes, into the highest position,
by means of the bar S.; when the hook P2 is pushed forward by the needle
L 2, it is caught by the second rail e 2 of the claw, and thereby made to lift
the slider and shuttle boxes to their highest position but one; when the hook
P 3 is pushed forward by the needle L 3, it is caught by the third rail e 3 of
the claw, and thereby made to lift the slider and shuttle boxes to their highest
position but two ; and it is evident that each of the needles L 1, L 2, L 3, I, 4,
corresponds to a particular elevation of the slider and shuttle boxes, and that
each of those needles, on being pushed forward, at one and the same moment
advances the hook (if any) proper for lifting the slider and shuttle boxes to the
required position, and draws back every catch (if any) above the required
position of the slider b 1; so that any required shuttle is brought at once to
the level of the race from any position simply by the pushing forward of the
needle corresponding to it.
The following is the mechanism for causing the rotation of the jacquard
cylinder to stop at any required double shot of the pattern, and to recom-
mence at any required number of double shots thereafter —L 5 is the dis-
engaging needle, having a spiral spring to draw it back when not pushed
10
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 15
10
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
forward. M 4 is a shaft, to which the disengaging needle communicates a
reciprocating motion by means of the lever m 7. Fixed to the shaft M 4
are two other levers, v 2 and w 5. When the disengaging needle is pressed
forward, the lever v 2, pressing on the pin v 1, advances the disengaging bar
or catch W, which, by means of the lever v 3, raises the click K, so as to prevent
it from acting on the teeth of the ratchet wheel G. The disengaged position
of the click K, and the corresponding positions of the lever v 3 and catch V,
are shewn by dotted lines. In this position, these parts of the mechanism are
retained by the catch W taking hold of the rest v 4, until that catch is set free,
by means to be afterwards described, when the spring v 5 restores them to
their original position. T is the second ratchet wheel, called the index wheel,
having a number of holes in its rim, corresponding with its teeth. t 1 is a
pulley on the axis of the index wheel; t 2, another pulley; t 3, a chain,
whereby the weight t 4 is hung over these pulleys; t 5 and t 6 are pins fixed
in two of the holes in the rim of the index wheel. The number of teeth
between these pins fixes the number of double shots to be made before the
rotation of the jacquard cylinder recommences. Through the lever m 7,
the shaft M 4, the lever w 5, the rod w 4, the lever u 3, the shaft w 2, and the
lever w 1, the jacquard cylinder, acting by means of a stopper on the disen-
gaging needle L 5, communicates a reciprocating motion to the click U, and
advances the index wheel by one tooth for each double shot, raising at the
same time the weight t 4. The fixed click u 6 prevents the index wheel from
running back during this operation; at length, after the required number of
double shots, the pin t 6, which has been gradually advancing with the rota-
tion of the index wheel, depresses a lever W, which turns on the centre w 1,
and raises the opposite lever w 2. The lever w 2, by means of a pin a 1,
raises the bar w 3, which moves vertically in guides w 4, and is prevented
from descending too far by the rest w 5. Upon the raising of the bar w 3, a
pin fixed in it, a 3, lifts the disengaging catch W, and sets it free from the rest
v 4, whereupon the spring v 5 draws back this catch, and the lever v 3 and
the click K descends and takes hold of the teeth of the ratchet wheel G of the
jacquard cylinder, which recommences its rotation, and consequently ceases to
act on the disengaging needle; at the same time the head a 2 of the bar
w 3 lifts the two clicks U and u 6 of the index wheel T, whereupon the
weight t 4 descends, causing the index wheel to rotate back to its original
position. The bar w 3, upon 1st being raised, is kept in an elevated position
by the two spring catches w 6, w 7. Upon the return of the index wheel to
its original position, the pin t 5 strikes the under side of the lever W, and by
16 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
means of the arm y, fixed to that lever, draws back the spring catch w 6.
The disengaging catch W, upon returning to its original position, draws back
the spring catch w 7; consequently, so soon as both the disengaging catch
and the index wheel have returned to their original positions, not sooner and
not later, the bar w 3 is set free from both the catches w 6 and w 7, and per-
mitted to drop ; whereupon the two clicks U, and w 6, again take hold of the
teeth of the index wheel, so as to be ready to act as soon as a stopper in the
jacquard cylinder shall again push forward the disengaging needle. It is
obvious, that, if required, two separate bars, instead of the single bar w 3,
moved by two independent levers instead of the single lever W, with the
levers connected with it, might be employed to lift the disengaging catch W,
and the pair of clicks U and w 6 respectively. y l is a pin to limit the extent
of motion of the arm y. The framework of the machinery is marked Z at
various points.
Although one arrangement of parts only is represented in the Drawing
hereto annexed, and described in detail herein, it is evident that various other
arrangements are practicable for the carrying out of my Invention, the details
of such arrangements being regulated in each case by the construction and
purpose of the particular loom or other machine with which the machinery
for carrying my Invention into effect is to be connected. For example: the
construction and arrangement of the parts for giving motion to such machinery
must be suited to the position of the tappet shaft by which they are to be
moved. The shaft of the jacquard cylinder may receive its reciprocating
motion through the direct action of a rod or rods instead of through a lever.
The machinery represented in the Drawing is suited to be applied to a loom
in which the shuttle boxes are capable of being shifted in any manner between
four different elevations, and the number of needles, hooks, catches, and other
parts is suited for producing such shifting of the shuttle boxes, according to
any required pattern; but in applying my Invention to other looms or other
machines, the number of such parts may be increased or diminished to any
extent, so as to be adapted to the number and complexity of the shiftings of
which the shuttle boxes are to be capable, or of the other motions which
the jacquard apparatus is to regulate. Should it not be intended to weave
such patterns as require the introduction of additional shots over and above
those corresponding to the teeth in the circumference of the jacquard cylinder,
the disengaging needle and index wheel and all the parts connected with
them for the purpose of causing the introduction of such shots may be omitted.
The index wheel may, if desired, be made with less than a complete circle of
10
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30
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. 17
5
I0
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Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
teeth and pin holes; or it may be made with more than a complete circle
of teeth and pin holes, by making its rim of a helical or spiral form, and
making either the index wheel itself, or the lever on which its pins act, or
both, capable of motion in a direction parallel to the axis of the index wheel.
The index wheel may be moved back by a spring instead of a weight, and the
details of the machinery may be otherwise varied without departing from
the principle of my Invention.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved construction and combination of jacquard apparatus
and machinery connected therewith, as herein-before described.
Second, the improved method of regulating the different elevations of the
shuttle boxes of looms by means of a series of catches, arranged and adjusted
as herein—before described.
Third, the method of connecting the needles or moveable bars of a jacquard
apparatus with the catches for supporting a slider at different elevations, so
that the pushing forward of any particular needle or bar shall at one opera-
tion and at the same instant withdraw all such catches which are above a
particular elevation, corresponding to the particular needle or bar, in the
manner herein-before described.
Fourth, the method of connecting the needles or moveable bars of a
jacquard apparatus at once with the catches for supporting a slider at different
elevations, and with the apparatus for lifting such slider to different elevations,
so that the pushing forward of any one particular needle or bar shall at one
operation and at the same instant withdraw all such catches which are above
a particular elevation, corresponding to the particular needle or bar; and also
put into action the apparatus for lifting the slider to the same particular
elevation, thereby causing by one operation the slider to be either raised or
lowered, as the case may be, from any other elevation to the particular eleva-
tion required, in the manner herein-before described.
Fifth, the improved construction of jacquard cylinders, as herein—before
described.
Sixth, the method of regulating certain movements of machinery or appa-
ratus by means of the wheel, which I have called an index wheel, which, after
having been made to rotate through the certain assigned angle, or part of a
revolution or revolutions, disengages itself from the machinery which moves it,
and returns to its original position, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the method of causing the rotation of the jacquard cylinder to stop
B
18 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2665. Specification.
Hart's Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus for Weaving.
at any required period of its revolution, and to recommence at any required
period of the revolution of the wheel, which I have called an index wheel,
which index wheel acts when the jacquard cylinder does not rotate, and is at
rest when the jacquard cylinder rotates, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Hart, have hereunto set my 5
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
THOMAS HART. (L.s.)
W. J. MACQUORN,
Rankine, 10
Witness.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISwooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2730.
**4 w avºrºvalºv e^-, v_ºre, v-e-r-,-evºreºver-º- ºrº-ºº-º-º-º- > *
Looms for Weaving.
LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."—A communication.
Sealed the 23rd February 1855, and dated the 27th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1854.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
5 in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as
follows:—
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement or construction of parts,
whereby fabrics may be woven with different colored weft threads with greater
10 facility than heretofore.
15
The first improvement consists in an arrangement for raising and lowering
the shuttle boxes, which must be divided into several sections, placed one
above the other, and provided with shuttles supplied with weft of different colors,
according to the intended pattern. These moveable shuttle boxes are con-
nected by means of a lifting rod with the pin pattern wheel, so that the shuttle
boxes should be lifted or lowered precisely at the proper moment, and by this
arrangement the shuttles may be brought into use in any particular order; for

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2730. s:.
Newton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
instance, the last or lowermost may be operated immediately after the first
without requiring any of the intermediate boxes to be brought into play.
The second improvement relates to the picker and picking stick, and
consists in attaching the picker permanently to the picking stick or staff in
such a manner that the picker may project laterally from the staff, and enter
the shuttle boxes on the side. By this arrangement, the guides usually
required to support the detached picks are dispensed with, and the complication
and friction of the loom are much diminished.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Edward NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Iſer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,” being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
10
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Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2730. 3
Newton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):—
The improvements which constitute the present Invention relate,
First, to a mode of lifting and lowering the shuttle boxes by an improved
5 arrangement for connecting the lifting rod of the shuttle box with the pin
pattern wheel.
And, secondly, to a mode of attaching the picker to the staff.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of the
loom with the present improvements adapted thereto; Fig. 2 is a side view of
10 the same; Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of the same loom, taken in the line
X, Y, of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a side view of part of the shuttle box movement;
Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of the same; Fig. 6 is a detached view
of the parallel motion.
A, B, in the accompanying Drawing represent the staff. S (Fig. 1) is a
15 metallic shoe, which supports the lower extremity of the staff. p is the picker,
projecting laterally, so as to enter the sides of the shuttle boxes at c, c, c, c.
H, Hº, Hº, Hº", represent the moveable shuttle boxes, supported on the
vertical lifting rod D, E. The lifting rod D, E, passes through the lay at C
in the ordinary manner. A small block f is attached to the lifting rod D, E.
20 This block f rests upon the extremity of the lever G, Hº", and thus the
lifting rod D is sustained. The lever G, Hº", turns upon a pivot or fulcrum
at g, and is weighted at Hº", so as to counterbalance the weight of the
shuttle boxes on the rod D, E. To the lever G, Hº", is attached the step
plate P, P', (shewn also in Figs. 4 and 5.) A fork-shaped metallic piece
25 I, K, L, is suspended at the point I, so that the prongs K and L may
have a vibrating or pendulous motion upon the journal i, º, and also a
lateral sliding motion upon or along this journal i, º, (see Figs. 1 and 2.)
A lever 1, 2, 3, has its fulcrum at 2, and at 3 rests against the pins in the
upper part of the face of the pattern wheel m, n. As the latter revolves,
30 the extremity 1 of the lever catches upon the top of the piece I, K, L, and
such is the action of these parts, that when a long pin comes under the end of
the lever at 3, the forked piece I, K, L, is forced to slide laterally upon i, i,
towards the loom, and vice versä. Attached to the fork-shaped piece I, K, L,
is a wedge-shaped tooth T, which projects into the step plate P, P. Between
35 the prongs K and L of the piece I, K, L, there is an excentric or cam M,
which by its rotation causes the fork-shaped piece I, K, L, to vibrate back-
wards and forwards, and thus to force the tooth T to enter one or the other of
the series of slots or steps in the step plate P, Pº, according to the position of
I, K, L, relatively to the action of the lever 1, 2, 3. If T enters the upper-
4 A.D. 1854.—N" 2730. Specification.
Newton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
most slot, then the lever II", G, is forced down at Hº", and the extremity G
rises and elevates the shuttle boxes, thus placing the lowermost shuttle box on
a line with the picker p of the picker staff. The picker p then drives the
shuttle of that lowermost box across the loom. If T enters the uppermost
slot in the plate P, P', then the lever Hº", G, is forced up at Hº" and down at
G, and hence the uppermost shuttle box is brought on a line with the picker,
and in like manner for any number of intermediate shuttle boxes and their
corresponding slots in the step plate. By this last arrangement, the pin pattern
wheel m, n, having pins of variable lengths, is made to control the lifting rod
which supports the shuttle boxes, and thus to bring one or the other of the
shuttles in front of the picker. The advantages of this arrangement for lifting
and dropping the shuttle boxes over those previously used is, that the shuttle
boxes can be brought before the picker p in any desired order of sequence,
and the uppermost and lowermost box can be brought into play in immediate
succession, if desired, without requiring the intermediate boxes to be brought
into play. The jar of the parts is also less, and the loom can, therefore, be
moved with increased rapidity.
The second part of the Invention relates to an arrangement for connecting
the picker permanently to the staff. Heretofore, in looms furnished with a
series of shuttle boxes, the staffs which have been employed to drive the
shuttles across the loom or through the warp have been made to operate upon
a detached picker, sliding upon horizontal guides. This detached picker par-
tially entered the shuttle boxes on the sides, and communicated the thrust of
the staff to the shuttle. The picker was then slidden back by a spring after
each blow, so as to clear the shuttle boxes, and allow the shuttle boxes to rise
or fall, as required. This arrangement required two horizontal guides for the
picker to slide upon, and thus increased the friction of the apparatus and
required frequent oiling; moreover, the pickers that received the blow of the
staff were frequently broken. This second improvement in the present Inven-
tion, therefore, consists in attaching the picker p permanently to the top of the
staff in such a manner that the picker may project laterally from the staff, and
enter the shuttle boxes at the sides. By this arrangement, the guides required
to support the detached picker are dispensed with, and the complication and
friction incidental to this part of the loom are much diminished.
In constructing this part of the loom, the picker staff A, B, is made in the
ordinary manner, and supported from below in a metallic shoe or socket S, in
which it can freely slide up and down like a telescope. The metallic shoe
rests on a pivot 0, 0°, on which it vibrates backward and forward, and carries
the staff A, B. The picker treadle b" and strap a throw the shoe S and the
| 0
I 5
20
25
30
35
Specification. A.D. 1854.—N* 2730. 5
10
15
20
25
30
Newton's Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
--ms-g
staff A, B, forward against the shuttle, and the spring d, d, restores it after the
picker has struck the shuttle. The staff A, B, passes up on the inner side of
the shuttle boxes through the slit R, Rº, in the frame. On the top or head
of the staff a metallic picker p is placed, and is permanently fitted upon the
staff, and projects to one side of it, so as to enter the sides of the shuttle boxes
at c, c, c, c, and strike the shuttles. After the picker has struck the shuttle it
is drawn back by the spring d, d, below, so as to clear the shuttle boxes and
permit them to rise or fall. In order that the picker p may traverse the
horizontal apertures c, c, in the side of the shuttle boxes, it is requisite that
the picker staff should be so constructed that the top of it may move hori-
zontally. This is effected by mounting the staff A, B, in the shoe S below,
so that it can freely rise and fall in conjunction with any of the well-known
arrangements for securing a parallel motion to the top of the staff, such as the
radius bar or the excentric cam K, as shewn at Figs. 1, 3, and 6.
Having thus described the Invention of Improvements in Looms for
Weaving, which has been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
as aforesaid, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent,-
First, the arrangement or combination of parts herein shewn and described,
or any mere modification thereof, for actuating the moveable shuttle boxes,
so that the shuttles may be operated in any desired order of succession, as
above described.
Second, the application of the picker p to the staff A, B ; also the mode of
mounting and working the latter, and the arrangement for obtaining a parallel
motion in the series of moveable shuttle boxes, arranged and operating in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.s.)
Witness,
J. W. MoEFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISwoope,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.
A.D. 1854. Dec.27 N° 27'30.
NEWTON'S SPECIFICATION.
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A.D. 1854. Dec. 27. Nº 273O.
NEWTON'S SPECIFICATION.
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A.D. 1854 . . . . . . . Nº 2747.
Power Looms.
LETTERS PATENT to Ashton Stansfield, of Todmorden, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, and Josiah Greenwood,
of the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTs
In Power Looms FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 24th April 1855, and dated the 29th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ashton Stansfield and
Josiah Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th December 1854.
We, AshTON STANSFIELD, of Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
5 Spinner and Manufacturer, and Josiah GREENwooD, of the same Place,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN Power Looms FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:—
Our improvements relate to that class of power looms wherein small
“check" straps are provided at each end of the lathe or slay, for the purpose
10 of breaking or lessening the impulsive force of the “picker.”
Our Invention is as follows:—The check straps act upon the “picker'
guide wires, and are limited in their action to a certain extent by their being
passed through the back-board of the shuttle box, and held or pressed against
9

2 A.D. 1854.—Nº 2747. sº.
Stansfield & Greenwood's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
a “mid-feather" in the said back-board, by means of a spring or other suitable
pressure. Thus, the force of the “pick” is broken before the picker reaches
the “stud" on the shuttle box, thereby effecting a considerable saving in the
expense of pickers and picking straps, as well as in shuttles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ashton Stansfield and Josiah Greenwood in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Ashton
STANSFIELD, of Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and
Manufacturer, and Josiah GREENWOOD, of the same Place, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Ashton Stansfield and Josiah Greenwood, Her especial license that
we, the said Ashton Stansfield and Josiah Greenwood, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Ashton Stansfield and
Josiah Greenwood, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “CERTAIN IMPRove-
MENTs in Power Looks For WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Ashton Stansfield and Josiah Greenwood, or one of us, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ashton Stansfield do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
Our improvements relate to that class of power looms wherein small
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A.D.1854. Dec. 29. N22747.
STANSFIELD & GREENWOOD'S SPECIFICATION.
Z%e //ed dºzarzzzz za zarzà, colored.
// .3//EEZ.)
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London: Printed by GeoRGE Edward Eyre and WILLIAM Sportswoode,
Printers to the Queens mostExcellent Majesty 1835.
Drawn on Stone by Malby & Sons.


Specification. A.D. 1854.—Nº 2747.
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Stansfield & Greenwood's Improvements in Power Looms for Weavi
“check" straps are provided at each end of the lathe or slay, for the )
of breaking or lessening the impulsive force of the “picker."
Our Invention is as follows:—The “check" straps act upon the “pic
spindle or guide wires, and are limited in their action to a certain extent
their being passed through the back-board of the shuttle box, and impeded,
held, or pressed against a “mid-feather,” or other contrivance, in the said
back-board, by means of a spring or other suitable pressure being applied to
the check straps. Thus, the force of the “pick” is broken before the picker
reaches the “stud" on the shuttle box, thereby effecting a considerable
saving in the expence of pickers and picking straps, as well as in shuttles.
In order that our Invention may be the better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is drawn
upon a scale of about two inches to a foot, and Figs. 2 and 3 being upon a
scale of about one-third the full size.
Fig. 1 exhibits a front elevation of a loom with our improvements attached;
Fig. 2 represents a plan or top view of parts constituting our improvements;
and Fig. 3 exhibits a back view of the same, fully illustrative of the back spring
as applied to impart the pressure required. Similar letters of reference are
marked upon corresponding parts of the machinery or apparatus in all the
Figures.
In Fig. 1, a, a, represents the picking straps, and b, b, the “pickers"; c, c,
the “check” straps; and d, d, the “mid-feathers," against which the “check"
straps are pressed or impeded by the action of the spring e (seen more dis-
tinctly in Figs. 2 and 3).
The entire action of the improved arrangement of the “check" straps will
be more readily understood on reference to Fig. 2, in which the picker b is
represented as being at the limit of its traverse, and ready to give propulsion
to the shuttle from the position of the “check” strap c, as shewn in the
Drawing. It will be evident that considerable resistance must be overcome in
consequence of the spring e pressing the “check" strap c tightly against or
upon the mid-feather d. While the space between the “check" strap a and
the stud f is traversed by the picker b and “check” strap a, the like resistance
will be presented at the opposite end of the lathe or slay, the position given
the “check" straps being fully illustrated in Fig. 1. Thus, by causing the
back springs e, e, continually to press upon and partially confine or impede
the “check" straps c, c, against the mid-feathers d, d, sufficient resistance is
maintained and made to operate through the “check” straps c, c, to effect a
considerable saving in the expense of pickers and picking straps, as well as in
shuttles.
A.D. 1854.—N" 2747. Specification.
wfield & Greenwood's Improvements in Power Looms for Weaving.
ng now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be distinctly
stood that we claim the novel application, employment, and use of
eck” straps in power looms for weaving, so arranged, that, by the action
of a spring, or other mechanical equivalent, and mid-feather, or other suitable 5
means, between which the check strap passes, the shifting motion of the
“check” strap may be impeded or retarded by such pressure as required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ashton Stansfield, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. 10
ASHTON STANSFIELD. (L.s.)
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LONDON :
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYBE and WILLIAM SPOTTIswooDE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1855.