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HY
.A38
SOCIALISM AND OUR COLLEGES
AN ADDRESS
BY
w, w, ATTERBURY
Vice-President, The Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Delivered at the Annual Dinner
of the
General Alumni Society, University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, February 21, 1920
SOCIALISM AND OUR COLLEGES
AN ADDRESS BY
W. W. ATTERBURY
VICE-PRESIDENT, THE PENNSYLVANIA
RAILROAD COMPANY
DELIVERED AT THE ANNUAL DINNER
OF THE
GENERAL ALUMNI SOCIETY, UNIVERSITY OF
PENNSYLVANIA
PHILADELPHIA, FEBRUARY 21, 1920
In reading over ex-President Dwight’s “Mem-
ories of Yale Life and Men,” in his description
of the elder Professor Silliman appears the fol-
lowing:
“The story which he used to tell his students
of his carrrying all the minerals which the insti-
tution possessed, in a small candle-box to Phila-
delphia, when he went there for purposes of
study, was illustrative of the conditions in which
he began his work in every line.”
This took me back a number of years to a most
interesting night of Our Yale Alumni Association,
at which your honored and beloved Provost was
the honored guest. In his very delightful talk to
our Association he described in detail this inci-
dent.
I have asked him for the facts as he gave them
to us, and I now repeat them for your benefit:
“When at an early age he was chosen to teach
Chemistry and the sciences at Yale, before enter-
ing upon his new post, he said, “Of course, I must
report to Philadelphia, which presents more ad-
vantages in science than any other place in our
country’ and thither he went with all the minerals
Yale possessed in a small candle-box, and in the
winter of 1802–03 heard James Woodhouse in
Chemistry—Caspar Wistar in Anatomy—Benja-
min Smith Barton in Natural History, and so
became one of ours, and continued with us in
1803–04.
A GLIMPSE OF OLD PHILADELPHIA
“Some of his letters addressed to the dear ones
at home during these years are very interesting.
|For instance, it seems that he lived and dined in a
wedge-shaped house, where Dock Street crosses
Walnut Street at an acute angle. There he met
ETorace Binney, John Sargeant, George Vaux,
Robert Hare and others, all of whom attained
great eminence in after years. He wrote, “Our
habits were far * * * from those of tee-
totalers. No person of that description was in
our circle. Every gentleman furnished himself
with a decanter of wine. As Robert Hare was a
brewer of porter and one of our number, his
porter was in high request. I do not remember
any water-drinkers at our table. There were no
manifestations of religion in our house. Grace
(2)
was never said at table. The spirit of Philadel-
phia society was wordly.” -
“He also added, ‘The chemical experiments
of Woodhouse were, indeed, valuable to me. I
had no reason to regret attending his lectures.
He supplied the first stepping-stones by which I
was enabled to mount higher.’
“But Silliman's great joy was to work in the
company of Robert Hare in a cellar-kitchen of
their boarding house. They were much occupied
with the oxyhydrogen blowpipe, recently discov-
ered by Hare. With this they made most valuable
researches. a
“And so these two men, happy in one another's
society, were linked together laboring to advance
their favorite science in our land. Their efforts
were most successful. The results command re-
spect to-day. -
“This picture throws a side-light upon Science
teaching and learning in the early days.
“Hare, like. Silliman, was a man of the highest
integrity—a profound scholar—an admirable
teacher—a master of experiment. Both followed
loftiest ideals. Both made a lasting impression
in our country and abroad; and may well be
imitated by us in their firm friendship, in their
devotion to the cause they espoused and the in-
stitutions they so greatly loved and grandly
served—as well as in their earnest pursuit of the
truth—indifferent to the allurements of the
World.”
(3)
These men from the University of Pennsyl-
vania afterward, as you all well know, became
prominent in academic life, both in the State and
in the Nation.
One wonders to-day how these rugged pioneers
of civilization would view the wave of so-called
Liberalism that has swept over our universities
and colleges, and invaded even our church organi-
Zation.
Brought up as they were in the atmosphere
that surrounded the making of our Constitution,
can you conceive that they could view with other
than abhorrence the doctrines permitted and
openly taught in our institutions of learning?
Socialism might fairly be described as the ex-
ercise through collective ownership and control of
the agencies of productive industry and transpor-
tation.
As our civilization develops, its application,
through economic necessity, is forced upon us in
many of the lines which touch our immediate life.
Municipal, state or national ownership of certain
elements necessary to our health, comfort and
happiness has been imposed upon us.
Heretofore that has been accomplished in a
constitutional way. We, as individuals, may not
agree with North Dakota with her state-owned
grain elevators and flour mills; nor with South
Dakota, with her state guarantee of bank deposits.
We may differ radically in our judgment as to the
(4)
wisdom of these experiments. We cannot, how-
ever, criticize the constitutional method under
which these experiments are being conducted.
Under the guise of what might be called con-
stitutional Socialism there is being advocated
Openly to-day in our colleges, in our forums and
in Our churches, doctrines wholly inconsistent with
Our Constitution.
THERE IS NO FREEDOM TO DESTROY
The first amendment to our Constitution states
that Congress shall make no law abridging the
freedom of speech or of the press.
Free speech is one of the great rights af an
American citizen; but this does not carry with
it the right to advocate the overturn of our Gov-
ernment by violence. -
Two of your distinguished alumni have given
us the following definition of “frce speech”:
“Free Speech means the right to proclaim views
not discordant with the ethical sense of the com-
munity.”
“Free Speech is the utterance of a person of
known high character who speaks neither treason
nor obscenity.”
I am also quite prepared to admit, with THE
NEW REPUBLIC, that “the only safeguard of
social structure is criticism”; that “the cultiva-
tion of open-mindedness is the only way to temper
the victory of the extremists by a wise modera-
(5)
tion”; and that “thought is the one weapon of
tried utility in a difficult and complex world.”
The following are two extracts from evidence
by a Socialist witness, the chief defender of the
five suspended Socialist Assemblymen now on trial
for disloyalty in the State of New York:
“The conviction of Eugene V. Debs in the
United States Supreme Court for treasonable
Statements was a shame and a blot on the nation
and as practical repudiation of that court the
Witness would name Debs as the Socialist nominee
for President at the next election. -
“In the final class struggle, deemed inevitable,
‘a little shooting’ may be necessary to supplement
political action in upholding the majority.
“Victor L. Berger was right in contending that
the bullet may back up the ballot.
“The Socialist Party arrogates to itself the
complete right of determining whether a war in
which the Nation engages is defensive and just.
If its interpretation did not sustain Congress, the
Socialist Party would always retain its right of
repudiating the action of Congress.”
“Each of the 500,000 Socialist voters and of
the 2,000,000 workmen who incline to us should
have a good rifle and the necessary rounds of
ammunition in his home and be prepared to back
up his ballot with his bullets if necessary. Mr.
Berger said that ‘in order to be able to shoot
some day', the Socialist Party must have con-
(6)
trol of the Government. He stated that in the
final conflict a large part of the capitalist class
would be wiped out, and concluded: ‘The ballot
may not count for much in a pinch.’”
Are not these views “discordant with the ethical
sense of the community?”
Are they not the utterances of men who speak
treason 2
SPREAD OF SOCIALISTIC TEACHING
The following are extracts from the report of
the Secretary of the Intercollegiate Socialist
Society: -
“In 1914 this organization had approximately
sixty undergraduate and a dozen alumni chapters.”
“Among the most active and largest chapters
this year is the Union Theological Seminary,
whose membership comprises about one-fourth of
the college body.”
I now quote Mr. Ralph Easley, Chairman of
the Executive Council, of the National Civic
Federation: -
“Two years ago the head of one of the most
fashionable schools for girls in New York de-
clared herself, at one of the meetings of the
Intercollegiate Socialist Society, as a member of
the Socialist Party. When asked how it came
about that the rich people of New York were
(7)
sending their daughters to a school conducted by
Such a prominent socialist, she replied: ‘Oh, they
don’t know anything about it, and if they did
I doubt if they would care, because they don’t
know what Socialism is. At any rate, these
daughters of the rich turn to Socialism as the
flowers turn to the morning sun.’
“But the Intercollegiate Socialist Society has,
as good running mates, the American Economic
Association and the American Sociological Society,
composed not of students but entirely of pro-
fessors of economics and sociology in all the col-
leges of the United States. If the wealthy found-
ers and patrons of those colleges had any sinister
purpose in mind, as is so generally charged by
the revolutionists, they certainly have fallen far
short of the mark if the public utterances of the
leaders of those organizations are any criterion.
At the last annual meeting of these two societies
held in Princeton, N. J., December 28–30, 1914,
the annual address of the President of the
American Economic Association was practically
a declaration for socialism, while the annual
address of the President of the American Socio-
logical Society could be classed with the T. W. W.
literature of the day.
“I said to a member, whom I knew to be anti-
socialist: ‘Why do you people stand for this kind
of stuff? Why don’t you hiss some of these
declarations?” He replied ‘The radicals have
(8)
captured both of these organizations, and while
there are a few of us who are opposed to such
doctrines, there are not enough of us to stem the
tide.’ I do not know how nearly correct was
this professor’s analysis, but if I were to judge
alone from the friendly reception these addresses
had I should say he was right.
“Nor do the socialists confine themselves to
the colleges. They are organizing locals among
the teachers and pupils in the public schools,
and throughout the country there are many im-
portant schools in which a socialist teacher or a
boy or girl pupil is quietly spreading the socialist
doctrines.”
INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGN-BORN
How far this poison of Socialist propaganda
of violence has entered the body politic of your
University, you know perhaps better than do I.
It is probable, however, your student and teach-
ing body has already been inoculated.
Has it never occurred to you how susceptible
a University is that is situated in the large centers
of population, such as Chicago, New York and
Philadelphia?
The foreign born have made these great centers
their sanctuary. Inbred through centuries of op-
pression, revolt has become an instinct second
only to that of life itself. Ignorant of our ideals
and of our history, and segregated through poverty
(9)
and their limitation of speech, it is not surprising
that they fall an easy prey to their radical leaders.
Their children fill our schools, and, with greater
appreciation of their advantages than the children
of our native born, eagerly grasp their oppor-
tunities. -
They graduate at the head of their classes in
the common and high schools, and, with the same
eagerness to learn, enter our universities.
The same intense desire for education finds
them, upon graduation, prominent in scholastic
attainments. -
In the meantime, however, they have not grown
through their social environment. Instinctively
they have kept apart from the Social and campus
life. Their studious habits have prevented their
association with their fellow students, and they
graduate with as little conception of American
university life as when they entered.
They enter your post graduate schools and at-
tain their higher degrees, and then are turned
Out for the battle of life.
At no time in all these years has any decided
effort been made individually to eradicate the
spirit of revolt that is latent or active in all of
them.
They have taken a high stand in mathematics,
languages and economics. It is but natural, there-
fore, that in your selection of tutors and assist-
ant professors these men should be chosen.
(Io)
A rude awakening comes, however, with the
realization that, unintentionally but surely, your
young men in your colleges and institutions are
being educated by those who themselves have
warped ideas of our national life.
That these warped ideas are advocated in the
class room is but natural. The pity is that many
of those who teach them are sincere in their be-
lief that what they teach is the American ideal.
A MEN ACE THAT SHOULD BE ENDED
I sometimes wonder if your problem would not
be somewhat simplified as a university if Phila-
delphia itself had its own college. -
I am unfamiliar as to the responsibility of the
Trustees to the Alumni body of the University;
nor do I know to what extent the Trustees are
limited in their supervision and control of the
teaching body.
I am clear, however, that you have no greater
or higher duty today, in the interest of your Alma
Mater and of our great country, than the im-
mediate stamping out, if it exists, of this insidi-
ous and constantly growing menace to our Gov-
ernment.
It should be clearly understood that I do not
object to a University’s examining any theory
of science or society; on the contrary it is the
duty of a University to consider the theory of
(II)
Socialism, or any other doctrine of world organ-
ization. I do object however most earnestly to
a University countenancing wittingly or unwit-
tingly through consideration in its class rooms,
any doctrine which encourages violations or the
subversion of our form of government, or any
change by other than constitutional and orderly
methods. If this nation, or society itself, is to
endure, it must be through the orderly evolution
of thought and progress. -
If, to accomplish this, it is necessary to curtail
the right of free speech in your classrooms and
by your professors, you are not only justified in
so doing, but it is your most solemn duty.
WASHINGTON ON THE UNION
The second amendment to the Constitution
states that the right of the people to keep and
bear arms shall not be infringed. No one ques-
tions the propriety of the police regulation
against the carrying of concealed weapons.
Yet a concealed weapon is a toy pistol com-
pared to the danger that exists in the propa-
ganda of Socialism, Syndicalism, T. W. W. ism,
and any other 'Ism that proposes to establish
Utopia by other than constitutional means.
In conclusion, has not the following quotation
from the Farewell Address of our greatest Ameri-
can, whose birthday we celebrate today, a mes-
(I2)
sage of particular moment to all of us at this
time?
“It is of infinite moment that you should prop-
erly estimate the immense value of your national
union to your collective and individual happiness;
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual and
immovable attachment to it; accustoming your-
selves to think and speak of it as of the palla-
dium of your political Safety and prosperity;
watching for its preservation with jealous
anxiety.”
(13)
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