ARTES 1837 SCIENTIA VERITAS LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN FLURIBUS UNUM SQUAERIS PENINSULAM AMOENAMI CIRCUMSPICE THIS BOOK FORMS PART OF THE ORIGINAL LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BOUGHT IN EUROPE 1838 TO 1839 BY ASA GRAY J. Le Keux E Mackenzie. VIEW OF OXFORD, FROM THE HENLEY ROAD Published April 1 1837 by JH. Parker, Oxford C.Tilt. Fleet St London & J.Le Keux. Harmondsworth. 2-286 MEMORIALS OF OXFORD, BY JAMES INGRAM, D. D. PRESIDENT OF TRINITY COLLEGE. *6 THE ENGRAVINGS BY JOHN LE KEUX, FROM DRAWINGS BY F. MACKENZIE. 18 W.A.OCLAMOTTE DEL VOLUME II. D JEWITT SC OXFORD: JOHN HENRY PARKER; H. SLATTER, AND W. GRAHAM. CHARLES TILT, LONDON. MDCCCXXXVII. BRARY PRINTED BY 8. COLLINGWOOD, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY. 7 $ CONTENTS OF VOL. II. MAGDALENE COLLEGE.-1456. Magnificence of this founda- tion.. ....P. 1,2 Magdalene bridge, note ...2, 3 St. John's hospital Wolsey bursar in 1498 ...... 11 Chaplains' court. 14 The stone pulpit.. 14 3 .... The Arundel chapel ..15 Mutilations of the chapel ...16 ..17 ...18 4 St. Edmund's well, note......3 Paris isle, or Parry's isle, note Jews' burial ground, note......4 The college founded........ 4,5 Waynflete's hall and school, note 5 Site and possessions of the hospi- tal granted Wayneflete's caution The founder's chapel West door of ditto.. Statues, sculptures, and hierogly- phics ..19 Decorations of the chapel.... 20 Mutilations of the puritans.... 21 5 5 New stained glass.. 22,23 The recent restorations.. The cloisters ..25 ....27 ...27 28-29 ...30 his designs suspended by the disturbed state of the times 6,7 W. Tybard the first president ..7 lays the first stone in 1473..... The library... The hall.... 8 BENEFACTORS Founder's buildings...... 9-11 Gateway tower 10 Founder's chamber.......... 11 Chapel tower, 1492-1505....11 originally stood alone.. 12, 13 — EMINENT MEN.. Bishop Hough's protest......31 Inscriptions on the monuments of president Oliver, Drs. Tate, Shaw, and Loveday 32 B 2 iv CONTENTS OF VOL. II. BRASENOSE COLLEGE.-1509. Four ancient halls merged in this Chartered title, The King's hall college.... 1 and college of Brasenose'.... 4 Little University hall 1 BISHOP SMYTH.. 5,6 The schools of king Alfred Brasenose hall 1, 2 ...2 Little St. Edmund hall........ 3 Four other halls purchased....3 The foundation stone laid......4 Intention of the founders...... 4 SIR RICHARD SUTTON......7,8 BUILDINGS. The hall. The library.. The chapel BENEFACTORS 10-13 ... 13 14 ..15 16 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 1516. The founder's death..... BENEFACTORS 2 BUILDINGS. The chapel.... The cloister... 3 Dr. Williams The hall.. THE FOUNDER, BISHOP FOX....1 his birth and education.... 2 his high offices retires from public life......3 his munificence and architec- tural taste.. his chapel at Winchester.... 4 repairs Netley abbey......4 loses his sight.... purchases land for his college 6 obtains the charter of founda- - tion ...5 .8 9 10 . 11 ..13 Inscription on the monument of The library. The new building EMINENT MEN 7 President Claymund ..13 14 14 15 15, 16 16 CONTENTS OF VOL. II. V TRINITY COLLEGE.-1554. Spoliations at the time of the BENEFACTORS. 9, 10 Reformation.. 1 BUILDINGS 10 Dr. Walter Wright 2 The hall. 11 Theological discussions here in The library. 12 1548, note... ..2 The chapel. 13 DURHAM COLLEGE.. .2-6 SIR THOMAS POPE .... 7,8 The new building EMINENT MEN ...14 15, 16 - his liberal plan of study, note.. 8 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.-1557. 5 St. Bernard's college ..... ....1 quadrangle ....7 founded by archbishop Chi- President's lodgings... ..8 chelé... 2 The chapel 9 St. John's college founded 3 The hall..... 11 SIR THOMAS WHITE.. 3-6 Inner quadrangle ...12 BENEFACTORS .....6 The library... 12, 13 BUILDINGS 7-14 Gardens 14, 15 The principal front, and first EMINENT MEN.. 16 B3 vi CONTENTS OF VOL. II. JESUS COLLEGE.-1571. Dr. Hugh Price..... ..1 Charter of king George II.....9 Charter of queen Elizabeth....2 BENEFACTORS Sir Eubule Thelwall..........4 The chapel... BUILDINGS.. ..10 ..3 The hall..... ..11 12 Dr. Francis Mansell. ..5 The library.. M13 Sir Leoline Jenkins Edmund Meyricke 5-8 Transverse roofs.. ..15 9 EMINENT MEN ..16 WADHAM COLLEGE.-1613. The Augustine monastery...... 1 The hall..... ....10 THE FOUNDER, NICHOLAS WAD- Dr. Tournay's improvements.. 11 HAM.... 2 The common room.. ... 11 THE FOUNDRESS, DOROTHY WAD- The library.. ...12 HAM. 4 The chapel ....13 The first warden, Dr. Wright ..5 Inscriptions on the monuments of The statutes... 6 Dr. Wills and Dr. Tournay.. 15 BENEFACTORS 7 EMINENT MEN.. 15, 16 BUILDINGS 9 CONTENTS OF VOL. II. vii PEMBROKE COLLEGE.-1624. The earl of Pembroke, chancellor 1 Cambey's lodgings.......... 10 Broadgates hall 1 THOMAS TESDALE, Esq. and RICH- ARD WIGHTWICK, B. D. the founders Minote, Durham, St. James's, and Beef hall..... 11 Wolstan hall, Abingdon, and New ..3, 4 College chambers 11 The charter of king James I...6 The hall.... 11 The statutes... 7 The library 12 BENEFACTORS ....7 The chapel.. .... 13 BUILDINGS ..9 EMINENT MEN 15, 16 WORCESTER COLLEGE.-1714. Gloucester hall...... .... 1 -founded by John Giffard, baron. of Brimsfield... 1 - for novices from the Benedic- Called St. John Baptist's hall..6 THE NEW FOUNDATION........6 SIR THOMAS COOKES, the founder 7 BENEFACTORS ..8 tine abbeys.... 2 BUILDINGS 10 Separate buildings for different abbeys.... On the suppression of monaste- ries, the buildings converted into a palace for the bishop of Oxford..... The premises sold to sir T. White 5 Dr. Clarke.. The chapel.. ..10 ..3 The hall... 11 The library.. 12 ..13 The ancient kitchen and buttery 14 5 EMINENT MEN.. 14 The garden.. 16 B 4 viii CONTENTS OF VOL. II. Given to the rector of St. Mary's church, by Henry Kelpe, in 1239... 1 ST. MARY HALL. The new buildings Epitaph on Dr. King BENEFACTORS to Oriel college, by Edward II, in 1325 .. EMINENT MEN. ► 1 The AULARIAN SYSTEM ...8 7,8 9 ..10 . 11 hall for students Antiquity and constitution of halls 11 converted by the college into a united with Bedell hall. Ancient schools and halls in School street and Schydiarde street. . 3 The great law school Bedell hall BUILDINGS The hall and chapel .2 3 • Poverty of the ancient halls ..12 Advantages of endowed colleges 13 Authority of the chancellor over 4 halls 14 5 Want of discipline in the univer- . 6 sity before the establishment of 6 colleges Principal's lodgings. • . 6, 7 The hebdomadarius 15 . 16 MAGDALENE HALL. The removal of the site. 1 THE NEW FOUNDATION. ... 6 THE OLD FOUNDATION 2 Hertford college . 6 erected by Waynflete 2 Hert hall .... 7-9 enlarged by the Wilkinsons 2 Magdalene hall .10 • the chief seminary of the puri- tans The fire in 1820 Struggle of Magdalene college for the right of nominating the principal BUILDINGS of the old hall . . . . 1 l 2 of the present hall... .12 3 EMINENT MEN, including the founder of Hertford col- lege 13-16 • 4, 5 CONTENTS OF VOL. II. ix NEW INN HALL. Frideswide Pennard of Rose hall 1 gives the site of this hall to bishop Trilleck.. 1 It is conveyed to William of Wyke- ham • 1 He conveys it, with Rose hall, to New College... 1 This hall much frequented by the puritans BUILDINGS EMINENT MEN ..3 ..3 4 Streets and lanes near this hall.. 7 THE ROYAL MINT AT OXFORD ..8 - of very high antiquity......8 money struck here by king Alfred, &c. ...8 reestablished by Charles I...9 College plate given to Charles I. 10 Royal proclamation, and original letters of Charles I..... 12, 13 EXURGAT money 16 Marks of the Oxford coins.. 15, 16 Supposed by Wood to be the most ancient hall Named from one of the family of St. Alban Belonged to the nunnery of Lit- 1 ST. ALBAN HALL. together with Nun hall ....3 The Nunnery or Mynchery of Littlemore 4 • 2 THE BUILDINGS 4, 5 EMINENT MEN .6 TLEMORE 2 • Dr. Peter Elmsley.. 7,8 ST. EDMUND HALL. Named after Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, who delivered lectures here in 1219 ......9 Some account of St. Edmund.. 10 The hall purchased by Dr. Denyse, provost of Queen's, and present- ed to his college in 1557...12 Dispute about the title to elect a principal. BUILDINGS Chapel and library EMINENT MEN 12 13 13 14-16 ་ X CONTENTS OF VOL. II. THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. The university libraries previous to the time of sir Thomas Bod- ley. Lisle's library. • 1-6 1 Cobham's library Duke Humphrey's library. . . . . .3 2 3 4 The divinity school... 5 The convocation house.. .6 SIR THOMAS BODLEY. • . 6–11 List of catalogues of the library from the first printed to the present time, note. BENEFACTORS • 10 • 11,12 The earl of Pembroke, 1629 ..11 Sir Kenelm Digby, 1633 ..... 12 Archbishop Laud Selden, Tanner, &c. 12 12 • 12 12 • Mr. Douce's library 13 • • Mr. Malone's collection Mr. Gough's library . Additions to the funds of the li- brary Purchases · 13 14,15 library of J. P. D'Orville . . . 14 manuscripts collected by E. D. Clarke 14 by the abbati canonici at 14 Venice .. from the Meerman library at the Hague • 14 rabbinical collection of the Op- penheim family 14 from the library of Richard Heber, esq... 14 50,000 academical disserta- tions An annual statement of purchases printed • • Portraits in the library Librarians.. 15 15 15 15 cord ... I restored by king Alfred .... 2 of St. Frideswide... Collegiate church of St. George in the castle.. 3 Schools divided into secular and THE SCHOOLS, With a brief Review of the Academical History of Oxford. Schools in Oxford beyond all re- 3 Determining bachelors, the name explained, note. • 5 The schools of arts first reduced into one building about 1439. . 5 But the divinity school not finish- ed till 1486 .. .6 Schools belonging to Oseney ab- claustral .... 4 bey 6 The rector of the schools. . 4 Wodecocke schools .. 6 School street ... 4 Torald schools .. . 6 St. Mary's church used for scho- Order of study in those times.. 7 lastic arts.. Chamberdekyns (chamberdeacons) 7 CONTENTS OF VOL. II. xi Number of schools limited to thirty-two.. Formalities observed • now dispensed with. • 7 8 9 Statute of 1662 requiring two de- clamations threw into the shade the former • 9 system of disputations..... 10 An entire change introduced by the statute of 1800........ 10 The Laudian code and Caroline statutes misunderstood, note 10 11-16 .11 THE NEW SCHOOLS Repairs and ultimate decay of the old schools.. The pig market (proscholium)..11 Noble designs of sir T. Bod- ley 12 The first stone laid by sir J. Ben- nett in 1613.. 12 Thomas Holt the architect.... 12 J. Acroid and the Bentleys, build- ers 13 Architecture of the tower, &c. 14 Appointment of the several schools • ..14 The archways have groined vault- ing with escutcheons, &c. ..16 THE DIVINITY SCHOOL 17-22 • Teachers at first read in their own • afterwards in St. Mildrid's chambers 17 • church 17 Exercises transferred to St. Mary's church 17 Site obtained for a new school 18 Numerous contributors; duke Humphrey, bishop Kemp, &c. &c.. .. 19 The work retarded by various causes. .20 -assisted by Waynflete ..20 Its unexampled splendour ....21 Melancholy state of the building in the reign of Edward VI. .21 Repaired about 1557 ........ 21 House of commons (parliamen- · tum vanum) assembled here in 1625 . ..21 House of lords in the picture gal- lery.... 21 Schools used as storehouses dur- ing the civil war.. ..22 Incongruous load of carpentry erected in 1669 22 A door made under one of the windows opposite to the theatre by sir C. Wren 22 THE THEATRE, founded by arch- bishop Sheldon in 1664....23 Sir Christopher Wren the archi- . 23 tect.... PUBLIC LECTURES AND PROFES- SORS • Lectures in early times 23-32 24 A theological lecture founded by Edward IV. . . . 25 -endowed by the lady Margaret, countess of Richmond.....25 Seven lectures founded by cardi- nal Wolsey, but not confirm- ed ..26 Four of them adopted by Henry VIII. 26 And a fifth established for He- brew.. These five called regius professor- ships Additional endowments in the · 26 26 26 reign of James I. Greek professor still limited to 401. per annum 26 Act of 1 Edward VI. for dissolv- ing chantries, &c. expressly de- xii CONTENTS OF VOL. II. signed to convert them to good and godly uses,” note 26 Regius professorship of modern history founded by George I. in 1724 ... 27 Design of this endowment, note 27 Twenty history scholars, part of the original foundation, to be appointed by the crown....27 Sir Henry Savile's lectures for geo- metry and astronomy, 1619. . 27 Sir William Sedley's lecture in na- tural philosophy, 1618..... 28 Dr. Thomas White's reader in moral philosophy, 1621.... 28 Camden's reader of histories .. 29 Lecture in anatomy founded by R. Tomlins, esq. in 1623...29 A professorship of music by Dr. ..29 ..30 W. Heather Archbishop Laud's professorship of Arabic, 1636.... The lord Almoner's reader in Ara- bic .30 The professorship of poetry found- ed by Henry Birkhead, D. C. L. in 1708 .. ..30 • • Anglo-Saxon professorship by Dr. Rawlinson ..31 Professorship of common law by Charles Viner, esq. in 1755..31 Clinical professorship founded by the earl of Lichfield, 1772..31 Professorships of anatomy, medi- cine, and chemistry, by Dr. George Aldrich, in 1803....31 Readers in experimental philoso- phy, mineralogy, and geology, endowed by George IV.....31 Professor of political economy by Henry Drummond, 1825 esq. esq. in ..31 of Sanscrit by colonel Boden, as settled in 1830 .31 Munificent bequest of sir Robert Taylor, for erecting a proper edifice and establishing a foun- dation for the teaching and improving the European lan- guages'. 27-32 DOMEMINA NUS TIO ILLVS MBA ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOL. II. [Those marked * are engraved on steel.] MAGDALENE COLLEGE. *The west front, from the site of the old hall (the entrance gateway and walls removed) The entrance gateway *General view of the college, from the bridge.... Window in the tower (now built against) The ancient oratory *The cloistered quadrangle Figures over the west door of the chapel *The college, and the new building, from the walk.. Staircase to the hall, from the cloisters Arms of the college • BRASENOSE COLLEGE. *The front, from the south Hall, tower gateway, &c..... *Interior of the chapel.. North view of the chapel... Part of the library, &c. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. *The front, from the north-east Statue of the founder *Part of the quadrangle Turner's new building, &c. Cloister, chapel, library, &c... ...P.1 1 9 12 13 17 17 25 27 31 • 1 1 9 13 16 1 1 9 10 16 xiv ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOL. II. } TRINITY COLLEGE. *The college, from the garden. The founder's tomb *The chapel, from Broad street. The hall The old chapel, from Loggan The president's lodgings *The west front • ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. Interior of the old quadrangle ► • *The garden front The middle archway.. Part of the library, from the garden • *The east front.. JESUS COLLEGE. Part of the college, from Market lane. *The first quadrangle The hall, &c... *The west front.. WADHAM COLLEGE. The chapel, &c. from the garden · • The warden's lodgings. *Interior of the hall .. The hall, from Holywell The new altar screen. • PEMBROKE COLLEGE. *The front, from Christ Church gate The old front. Beef hall lane. *The quadrangle Ancient halls.. The hall, &c... 1 1 9 . 10 13 .. 16 1 1 9 9 .16 1 1 9 .. 16 1 1 5 9 9 .. 16 . 1 1 5 9 9 16 ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOL. II. XV WORCESTER COLLEGE. *The library and part of quadrangle The college from the garden Provost's lodgings, &c... *The garden and part of quadrangle · Front of the college Entrance to the garden ST. MARY HALL. *The new buildings Hall, chapel, &c. Chapel from Magpie lane. Seal of the hall.... New front of the principal's lodgings, &c. 1 1 8 9 . 12 . 16 1 1 5 5 .. 16 MAGDALENE HALL and HERTFORD COLLEGE. * The new hall ... Part of the old hall Front of the old hall in 1819 Front of Hertford college in 1819 Stone house near the old hall Part of the new hall.... 1 1 4 • • 8 12 ..16 NEW INN HALL AND THE ROYAL MINT. *Front of the hall.. Old buildings from Loggan. • The Oxford crown piece Design for the new buildings 1 8 ..16 ST. ALBAN HALL. *Front of the hall, and Merton street 1 Old tower, &c.………. 1 Littlemore new church.. 4 xvi ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOL. II. ST. EDMUND HALL. *Front of the hall, and St. Peter's church Chapel and library . . Arms of St. Edmund • THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. *Exterior of part of the library and divinity school.. Duke Humphrey's library.. Medal of sir T. Bodley. *Interior of library. The Douce museum • Part of the library, &c. from Exeter college garden THE SCHOOLS. *East front from the corner of New college lane. The great doorway The old schools from Nele.. *Proscholium of the divinity school. Part of the west side of quadrangle . Passage from Radcliffe square *Interior of the divinity school. . Pendants in ditto. Doorway of ditto • *Front of the theatre. *Tower and quadrangle The Pomfret gallery.. Magdalene bridge from Christ Church meadow, in the title page. *General view of Oxford from the Henley road, to face the title. 9 9 16 1 1 6 9 13 16 1 1 5 9 13 • 16 17 17 22 ..23 25 32 1. Mackenzie THE WEST FRONT OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE. Palillahed March 1,1833, H. Park, Oxford, C, Tilt, Fleet Street, & J. Le Rex, Harmondweth J. Le Keox. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. ENTRANCE GATEWAY; ERECTED IN 1635. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. THE noble establishment which forms the subject of this portion of our work, has always maintained a high rank in the annals of the University. In comprehensive- ness of design, and uniformity of plan, with some few exceptions arising from modern innovations, its archi- tecture stands conspicuous among the many splendid and interesting examples of ancient art with which Oxford abounds. In extent of domain it is scarcely inferior to any similar foundation in Europe; containing by admea- surement nearly one hundred acres; of which the build- ings are said to cover very little less than eleven. Over 5 B 20 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. the whole rises its majestic tower, the great ornament of the eastern approach to the city. Our honest antiquary and historian, Antony à Wood, is more than usually eloquent in his description of this college. He calls it "the most noble and rich structure in the learned world;" in regard to its endowment, ex- celling, in his opinion, all things considered, any society for secular scholars in Europe. He praises in the highest terms the buildings, the lofty pinnacles and turrets, the stately towers, the tunable and melodious ring of bells, the antique buttresses of the cloister, the chapel, the library, the grove and gardens, enclosed with an embat- tled wall, the water-walks," as delectable as the banks of Eurotas, shaded with bay-trees, where Apollo himself was wont to walk, and sing his lays b." Indeed, to any person passing from such a thoroughfare as the High- street, or turning from the busy scenes of the adjoining bridge, the contrast afforded by the solemnity of the cloister, and the seclusion of the grove, is truly gratify- ing and extraordinary. But, before we enter more in detail into the history and description of this foundation, a According to recent authorities, the height of this tower is 145 feet. It has been stated in some former accounts to be 150 feet. To reconcile these admeasurements we must make allowance for the alter- ations of the street and pavement. As the present bridge is immode- rately high, it was necessary to raise the approach to it accordingly. If this bridge, which is much too narrow for its length, and even dangerously so, should ever be widened, it ought to be on the south side following the curve of the High-street; by which means the approach to the city would be greatly improved, and the effect of Magdalene tower, with the adjoining buildings, increased considerably. b Hist. and Ant. by Gutch, 350. p. c King James I. commended this college building of Oxford." Chandler, App. p. 403. for the most absolute MAGDALENE COLLEGE. со 3 it will be proper, in conformity with our general plan, to examine the original establishment which existed on the same site. THE HOSPITAL.-Between the years 1231 and 1233, the piety or policy of Henry the Third induced him to rebuild and enlarge a hospital, situated without the walls of the city, on the side of the highway leading from the east gate to the river Cherwell, over which there was an ancient bridge, which is mentioned so early as 1004 d. No situation could be more convenient for this charitable purpose at that time, when so many strangers and pil- grims were in the habit of visiting the shrine of St. Fri- deswide, St. Edmund's well, and other places of salutary or superstitious resort in Oxford and its vicinity. Ac- cordingly we find, that three separate charters were granted to the master and brethren of this hospital by the aforesaid monarch; which he dedicated to John the Baptist in honour of his father's name, and of the knights of St. John of Jerusalem. Hence it is recited, in the In- quisition Rolls of 6th and 7th Edward I. preserved in the Tower of London, that the said hospital was founded and enfeoffed by the illustrious king Henry; that is, the new hospital, of which he himself, according to Knyghton, d In the memorable charter of king Ethelred to the inmates of St. Frideswide's priory; in which, among other things, he gives them three hides of land (360 acres) in Cowley, pam Ceppe-pell-bpigge an- lang þa rʊneam on þær pyce pro Haclingeport, "from Cherwell-bridge along the stream in that parish over against Hacklingcroft." Reg. Mag. S. Frid. f. 7. It is called East-bridge in a charter of Hen. I. 1122. e A well of good spring water, southward of the bridge, near an angle of the Cherwell, where a slight elevation of the ground turns the river in a south-western direction. There are occasional springs higher up, in Mr. Penson's garden, but this of St. Edmund has been never known to fail in the driest season. B 2 4 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. laid the first stone. This comprehended the area, or court, where the Jews buried their dead, with all the ap- purtenances thereunto belonging; from the place called East bridge, and the isle called Parry's islef, unto East gate, on both sides of the street, with all the buildings (ædificia) then newly constructed, or in any way belong- ing to the said hospital, in and without the borough of Oxford. But, to prevent any inconvenience to the Jews, who were then very numerous, and highly favoured by Henry, a sufficient space was allotted to them as a ceme- tery, or burial-ground, on the opposite side of the ways. THE COLLEGE.-When this hospital had subsisted about two centuries from its completion and endowment by Henry III, the general improvement which had taken place in the condition of the university and city having rendered such charitable receptacles less necessary, and some inconvenience probably having arisen from them, William of Waynflete, bishop of Winchester, being in high favour with Henry VI, and having already founded a hall, or college, in honour of his blessed patroness, f The meadow eastward of the college buildings, insulated by the waters of the Cherwell. It is sometimes written Paris isle. g The site of the old cemetery is ascertained by the following facts. In the time of President Jenner, Dr. Chandler informs us, the work- men employed in taking up the floor of a ground-room on the west side of the tower, discovered some skeletons in a row near the surface, which were left undisturbed by order of the President. "These," continues the author, "were probably Jews deposited before the foundation of the hospital." In 1826 human bones were also found in digging for a new foundation, when the south cloister was rebuilt. The bones of various sizes, and of persons of either sex, observed in digging a foundation for the wall of the Botanic Garden, after the grant of it in 1632, and again in 1642, when the mound was made between the east bridge and the north side of the wall, probably belonged to those who were interred in the new cemetery granted by Henry III. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 5 10 h St. Mary Magdalene, obtained a license in 1457 from the pious monarch to establish a college here on a more magnificent scale, to be dedicated to the memory of the same "glorious apostolessi," as she is called by a writer of that day. The site of the hospital before mentioned was therefore by royal license surrendered into the bishop's hands by the master and brethren, according to a previous agreement between them, with all its appur- tenances, manors, lands, and possessions, spiritual and temporal, on condition that they should receive a suffi- cient maintenance during their lives. Not only was this. covenant strictly fulfilled by the college, but the hospital was continued under the name of an almshouse till the time of president Bonde, who died in 1607–8. Waynflete, more cautious than Wolsey in a succeeding age, appears to have obtained every legal security for his new foundation before he began to fetch a single stone from the quarry. From May 1448, when he first pro- h That is, on the site of the hospital. The hall, previously founded by Waynflete, was at some distance, having Logic-lane on the west, the High-street on the north, and the lane, or street, leading to Mer- ton College on the south and east. This old hall is described by Tanner as << contiguous" to the college; by which it appears, that he fell into the common error, which Wood had endeavoured to remove, of confounding this first hall with the second; which grew into ce- lebrity from Waynflete's school; the principal buildings attached to which were erected in 1518, 1614, and 1620, with the exception. of the beautiful little bell-tower, which remains to this day, and is of earlier date than most of the buildings attached to it, containing the bell used in Waynflete's school above-mentioned, of which an inter- esting account is given by Dr. Chandler, p. 253. i "Gloriosa Apostolissa D. N. J. Christi Magdalenæ dedicatum est," &c. Epist. F. L. G. de Savona A. D. 1485, ap. Chandler, App. p. 379, from Wharton's Anglia Sacra, I. 326. The dedication, how- ever, was not so restricted and limited; as may be seen by a reference to the Founder's Statutes. P 3 6 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. jected a hall on the ruins of some smaller establishments, to June 1458, when he finally succeeded in obtaining the present eligible site for his college, he seems to have been actively employed in directing his agent, John Godman- ston, in the purchase of various properties, with a view to his grand object; going through "diverse ceremonies of law belonging thereunto," as Wood expresses it; and, that no possible interference might arise from any quar- ter, the foundation of his college was confirmed by two popes, Calixtus III. and Sixtus IV; who, among other privileges and immunities, exempted it from all legatine or episcopal jurisdiction of the see of Lincoln, in which Oxford was then included, transferring it, plenarily and absolutely, to the bishops of Winchester in succession, as visitors. Even after all or most of these precautionary measures were taken, an interval of fifteen years elapsed before the foundation-stone of the principal buildings was laid. The cause of this suspension of his benevolent designs does not appear to have been hitherto suffi- ciently explained. It may however be attributed to the gloomy aspect of the times. The whole country was then rent asunder by contending factions, and afflicted by the double scourge of pestilence and war. The conflicting banners of the white rose and the red distracted the minds of men, and their bodies were consumed by the ravages of disease. Waynflete was not an unconcerned spectator of the miseries around him. But, withdraw- ing himself from the scenes of political strife, for which k There are some excellent remarks on the distresses of the times, and the delicate position of Waynflete, in detached parts of Dr. Chandler's work; but the chapters and sections want that continuity which perhaps the author would have given them, had he lived to superintend the volume as it went through the press. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. he seems to have had no natural predilection, he resigned the office of high chancellor of England', which he held only from October 1456 to July 1460, and applied him- self diligently to the discharge of his episcopal duties in the several parts of his diocese. Here he was employed in mitigating the fierceness of party, in relieving the distresses of the poor, and in maturing his liberal designs for the benefit of future generations. On three separate occasions, from 1464 to 1470, we find him ordering lita- nies and processions, to obtain a wholesome temperature of the air, with a kindly season for the cattle and fruits of the earth, to avert the reigning mortality and pesti- lence, and to implore success and prosperity to his sove- reign, Edward IV, then in arms against the Scots m. In the meantime the members of his new society in Oxford lived partly in chambers adapted for them in St. John's Hospital, and partly in the different halls and tenements in the High-street, which had been merged in the general appellation of Magdalene Hall". They were placed under the government of William Tybard, B. D. who had been principal of Haberdashers' Hall, and in whom the founder reposed such entire confidence, that he did not deem it necessary to deliver a body of statutes for their direction during his superintendence, which con- tinued about one and twenty years. It is probable that president Tybard, among other qualifications for his of 1 Some writers have described him as Chancellor "of the Univer- sity;" but this appears to have been a mistake, arising probably from the ambiguity of the word "Chancellor." m Chandler, Life, &c. p. 125. n Nine tenements are enumerated by Wood and others, four of which had been academic halls. Hist. and Ant. p. 308. B 4 8 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. fice, possessed a knowledge of architecture, then consi- dered of some importance, especially in the eyes of Waynflete, who was himself eminently accomplished in that department of science; as appears from his works at Windsor and Eton, and the various reparations of his palaces, recorded very minutely in his registers. How- ever that may be, when public tranquillity was in some degree restored, and the bishop had well digested the plan of his college, this excellent governor, venerable by age and attainments, was deputed to lay the first stone of the large quadrangle in the year 1473. It was ac- cordingly deposited by him in the most solemn manner, being at the same time consecrated by Robert Toly, bishop of St. David's, in the place prepared for it; which was the middle of the high altar; the chapel of course being intended to form the most prominent feature in the design P. • On the east side of the Chaplains' quadrangle at Christ Church are two elegant windows and two doorways, of an earlier date than the parts rebuilt after the fire of 1669, or the additions of Philip King in 1638, which bear a striking resemblance to the character of the Waynflete architecture. The hood-mouldings of the windows are terminated by feathered angles with wings perpendicularly expanded, as at Magdalene, and one of them holds a shield charged with a short coat, or tabard, probably in allusion to the name of Tybard. P We are indebted to the diligence of the "memorable" Vice-Pre- sident, Richard Bernes, or Barns, who was appointed surveyor of the works under the President, for the following memorandum of this interesting transaction: "Memorandum, quod quinto die mensis Maii An. Dom. CIOCDLXXIII, anno vero regis Edwardi quarti x1111, literæ Dominical. B. lapis fundationis hujus dicti collegii fuit sanctificatus per venerabilem patrem Robertum Toly Menevensem Episcopum in pontificalibus ornatum; et idem lapis per Magistrum Willielmum Tybard sacræ Theologiæ Baccalaureum dicti Collegii Præsidentem in loco fundationis, viz. in medio summi altaris, honorifice erat positus." P. Mackenzie. MAGDALEN COLLEGE FROM THE BRIDGE. Published March 11833 by J. Parker, Oxford, C Tilt Fleet Street; & J. Le Keux Harmondsworth J Le Keux MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 9 FOUNDER'S BUILDINGS.-At what time this elegant structure, with the rest of the buildings, was completed, it is not easy to ascertain precisely; but one of the last contracts of the founder with his master-mason, William Orchyerde, was for finishing the windows of the cham- bers, according to the model of those of All Souls' Col- lege, and for making also the west window of the church or chapel. These contracts, which are the more valu- able from the rare occurrence of such documents, are chiefly dated from the 15th to the 19th of Edward IV; that is, from 1475 to 1479. In them we find some dis- tinct specifications, viz. of the great tower over the gate, with its spire of stone, to be in altitude from the corbel- table sixteen feet; pinnacles of stone over the hall and church, with the embattlements of those buildings and of the library; which was probably the last of the series of public apartments, with the exception of the president's additional lodgings and the southern ambulatory of the cloister". There are also agreements for miscellaneous Barns died in 1499, aged 100 years, and was buried near the south- western angle of the ante-chapel,—“ lapidis sub mole vetusti." He had been vice-president thirty years, and appears to have been ori- ginally selected to supervise the buildings of the founder. "Qui quondam huic operi subsitus auctor erat." See the whole epitaph in Wood's Hist. and Ant. by Gutch, p. 334. 9 The president's lodgings consist partly of rooms over the tower gateway, one of which still retains the venerable appellation of the Founder's chamber," together with two other rooms adjoining the muniment tower, and partly of an additional wing, placed at right angles with the tower-gateway and the library, westward. This ad- ditional wing, notwithstanding its modern appearance and comfortable superstructure, is said to have been begun in 1486, and by the founder's order, just before his death. r The south side of the cloister was added, from a regard to com- fort, convenience, and uniformity, in the year 1490, four years after the founder's death; but whether originally contemplated as a part 10 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. work to be done about the cloister, chambers, and other places; from which we may conclude, that the principal buildings were completed according to the primary de- sign of the founder, and under his directions, about the year 1481. On September 20th in that year we find him paying a visit to his college, the leading object of which was, according to our historians", "to see the buildings." On this occasion also he brought with him a great quantity of books and manuscripts for the library, as well as the deeds and evidences of the several manors and estates, which he had bestowed on the society; whence we may reasonably infer, that the library and muniment- room were in a state already prepared to receive these. valuable deposits. The good bishop prolonged his stay a considerable time; and, among other important provi- sions, delivered to the society a body of statutest, revised of his plan, may appear doubtful. The good taste, which has been exemplified in preventing it from interfering with the windows and buttresses of the hall and chapel, cannot be sufficiently extolled. Equal taste has been recently displayed in the restoration of this and the other three sides of the cloistered quadrangle, commenced in 1822, when the irregular dormers and other excrescences on the north front were judiciously removed. s Wood and others, from Reg. Coll. Magd. A. f. 7. b. &c. The reception afforded to the king (Edw. IV.) and his retinue, in his visit from Woodstock a few days after, we may have occasion to notice among other royal visits to the college. t The first statutes were delivered in 1479. See Dr. Chandler's ex- cellent Life of the Founder, p. 162, 163. Ayliffe, who was a fellow of New College, observes, that they were formed on the plan of those which William of Wykeham gave to his society. See his "Ancient and Present State of the University of Oxford," I. 347. President Mayew returned from the founder with certain supplementary sta- tutes and ordinances July 18, 1482, particularly a statute concerning the election of scholars to a year of probation, previous to their ad- mission as actual fellows. Chandler, Life, &c. p. 155. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 11 and corrected by his own hand. This book, still extant, was placed by his order in a chest, in the lofty chamber of a tower which he had constructed as a place of secu- rity. This is properly called the muniment tower, to distinguish it from the other two. The "founder's cham- ber" is situated immediately over the rich gateway, so much and so justly admired; which was intended ori- ginally to be the grand entrance to the cloister, but has been closed from the public longer than is generally imagined. The contiguity of the smaller passage to the chapel, the hall, the common-room, and other portions of the college, to which the most convenient approach is through the south cloister, led perhaps to the compara- tive disuse of the other, long before the time when the third story was added to the present lodgings, and the windows and walls reduced to the modern fashion". CHAPEL TOWER. It has been conjectured, that, when this magnificent structure was begun, it was intended, u This is said to have been done about the year 1769; but we may collect from Antony à Wood, that certain domestic comforts super- induced an enlargement of the original plan and arrangement of the premises long before this period. x In 1492, Dr. Mayew, then president, laid the first or foundation stone, called by Dr. Chandler the "corner-stone," on the 9th of August in that year, 7 Hen. VII. In our account of Christ Church we have repeated, though with some qualifying expressions, the usual tradition, which seems to have attributed too much to Wolsey's super- intendence of this tower, when he was bursar in 1498. The subject has been very ably and minutely examined by Dr. Chandler; and from a comparison of dates and entries in the college-books, whilst he exonerates that great man from certain imputations cast upon his memory, he considerably reduces his share of glory in the construction of the tower. It does not appear to have been finished so soon as it is generally believed to have been; sums of money having been expended constantly on the work until 1505; in which year, for fix- ing the noble peal of bells and the clock, there is a charge of 12 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. either that it should stand alone, and detached from any other building, or that a mere boundary wall, surmounted with a battlement, should unite the two southern angles. The evidence of this is derived from a careful inspection of the interior of the tower itself, and of the rooms ad- joining. Two corresponding windows, east and west, are now blocked up with rough masonry, in consequence of the more recent buildings which have been placed against them; whilst the southern window which is on the same level with them, and opposite to the doorway, is still open to the street. Yet in those which are thus blocked up the tracery is as perfect, in every respect, as in that which is open; even to the grooves for the glass, and the holes made to receive iron bars. WINDOW IN THE TOWER. 241. 9s. 4d. Between the years 1494 and 1504, though the "solu- tions" of the bursars for some intermediate years are defective, there had been expended altogether about 1591. 6s. 14d. Some MS. notes, MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 13 On the exterior, the base mouldings and string courses are continued round the four sides of the tower; and those which are concealed by the attached buildings, on the east and west sides, are found to correspond with those which are visible. The roofs of these buildings are also made to rest upon the walls of the tower, without any gable of their own. It is remarkable, that in the old picture of the buildings preserved in the college, and supposed to be of the time of Charles the First, perhaps about 1635, when great alterations were made here and in other colleges of the university, the apex of the build- ings on each side of the tower is somewhat lower than that of the ancient oratory or chapel adjoining. 00 ANCIENT ORATORY; FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING. kindly communicated by Dr. Routh, which confirm the statements of Dr. Chandler. Vide Life, &c. p. 258, et seqq. In the small view of the build- ings of the college in the back-ground of the portrait of the founder, formerly in the common room, and now (1833) in the bursary, there appears to be no building between the tower and the bridge. y Engraved by Mr. Skelton in his Oxonia Antiqua. The almanack of 1730 represents Wolsey with a plan of the tower on a scroll. z This was evidently a structure of the thirteenth century. It had a high-pitched roof, rising from a plain parapet without battlements; 14 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. CHAPLAINS' COURT.-It appears from the college ac- counts, that the Chaplains' Buildings, "ædificia pro Ca- pellanis," were constructed about the year 1508 out of the remains of the old Hospital of St. John the Baptist; of which two doorways remain in the inside; though the entrance door, called the Pilgrim's Gate, has been long since closed with solid masonry toward the street; where the appearance of a double label indicates repeated alterations. Indeed, the whole of this south front seems to have been gradually reduced to its present state of uniformity; and in the interior may still be seen some interesting relics of the original buildings of Henry III, particularly the east wall and doorway of the oratory. THE STONE PULPIT. The curious and extraordinary little pulpit of stone, at the north-west angle of the ancient oratory, was erected, probably by Waynflete, for the delivery of public sermons on the festival of John the Baptist, and other solemn occasions. On the former oc- casion, being Midsummer-day, and the day on which the hospital was dedicated, of which this pulpit once formed an appropriate termination westward, there was usually assembled in ancient times a large concourse of people, with the authorities of the university, who had seats placed for them; whilst the ground was covered with green rushes and grass, as well as the surrounding buildings with the verdant boughs of trees and flowers, and flat perpendicular buttresses; not divided into several graduated stages and terminating in pinnacles, as in subsequent ages, but serv- ing only for the support of the walls. Part of the rubble wall, covered with plaster, still remains in the chaplains' court, with the subterra- neous vaults of the almshouse, which was under the chapel, or ora- tory, now converted into cellars and receptacles of rubbish. President Bonde made a dismal report of these damp vaults in his time, which is preserved among the Harley MSS. in the British Museum. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 15 to imitate the preaching of St. John in the wilderness. This custom was continued till about the middle of the last century. But the sermon on this day, as well as that on St. Mark's day, from Simon Parret's benefaction, had been before transferred to a pulpit in the ante-chapel. THE ARUNDEL CHAPEL. This chapel, or altar, was erected after the year 1483; in consequence of an im- portant benefaction, and in compliance with the will, of William Fitz-Alan, earl of Arundel, in that year; of which not a vestige now remains, except in the outside wall of the sacred edifice of which it once formed a part, and which has been most ingeniously restored. It was situated between two buttresses on the south side of the present chapel, near the spot where a mulberry tree has been lately planted; but through a want of good taste it was taken down about the year 1732. It was of the same height as the chapel; and probably resembled in cha- racter the "collateral oratory" on the north side of the high altar; which has fortunately escaped by means of its obscurity, occasioned by certain panels which till lately excluded it from view. This has also been sheltered under a conflicting variety of appellations; such as, the founder's oratory, the president's chapel, the confessional, &c. It was in some respects a favour- able circumstance for the relics of ancient art, that the ignorance of our CHURCH-REFORMERS in the six- a Vide Wood, ap. Gutch, p. 312. Ayliffe, Chandler, &c. b This appears from the "Oxonia Depicta" of William Williams; begun in 1726, and finished in 1733; where, though the square pro- jection of the chapel is distinctly seen both in the ground-plan and in the view of the college, yet it is omitted in the large ichnographical plan of Oxford, carefully engraved by Toms, which has the date of 1733. It appears in the Oxford Almanacks for 1730 and 1731. 16 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. teenth century was greater than their zeal. Otherwise, the puritanical Bishop Horne of Winchester, a very dif ferent person from the accomplished Bishop Horne of Norwich, who presided over this society three and twenty years, would scarcely have spared this oratory in his vi- sitation of 1570. We may presume, that it would not have braved the storm, had he known, or been reminded, that a third mass-a mass of Requiem-was to be duly performed here by order of Waynflete on certain occa- sions; "for souls of good memory; to wit, for Henry the Third, Edward the Third, Henry the Sixth, Edward the Fourth, the founder, when dead, his parents, lord Crumwell, sir John Fastolf, and other benefactors to him- self and to his college." Fortunately, however, about twenty years before this his official visit, the pensions for these and many other masses had been converted into exhibitions, and the chantry-priests abolished. The relics which enriched the chapeld had long been trampled under foot, its altars removed, and the statues of the tutelary saints of the place over the high altar had de- parted in peace, leaving their broken and empty niches to be restored at a very considerable expense in the nine- teenth century, with as much fidelity and skill as could possibly be expected under all the circumstances, after the barbarous mutilations of one age, and the ill-directed substitutions of another. c Chandler, p. 197. d Walter Haddon, a president obtruded on the society in the pious reign of Edward VI. contrived, during his short and unstatutable career, to sell as many of the precious effects of the chapel as were valued at about a thousand pounds for fifty-two pounds fourteen shillings and eightpence; which sum he is said to have consumed on alterations, as also nearly one hundred and twenty pounds of the pub- lic money. Vide Wood, Chandler, &c. F Mackenzie THE CLOISTER, MAGDALEN COLLEGE. Published April 1.1833 by IH Parker, Oxfeds C. Tüt, Fleet Street, J. Le Ken, Harmondsworth J. Le Ke MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 17 資 ​FIGURES FROM THE WEST END OF THE CHAPEL. THE FOUNDER'S CHAPEL.-Before the completion of the present beautiful edifice, the members of the society attended divine service, during their abode in old Magdalene Hall, in the parish church of St. Peter in the East; and after their removal, on the purchase of St. John's hospital by the founder, they performed their de- votions in the ancient oratory of that foundation, of which Henry III. is said to have laid the first stoneª. Wood considers this chapel to have been finished in the reign of Edward IV; though a late writer has sug- gested the probability, that the statues, which adorn the niches of the western portal, were set up after the re- storation of the house of Lancaster to the sovereignty by the accession of Henry VII, in 1485, exactly one a See p. 4, and 13, 14. The expenses attending St. John's chapel are entered in the account-books to 1539. The exterior was rebuilt in the next century, when it was converted into rooms; but the wall of the eastern gable remains. b It is well known, that the rival houses of York and Lancaster 6 C 18 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. C year before the founder's death. There seems, however, to be no sufficient reason, in this instance, to depart from the opinion of our venerable antiquary, who generally had documentary evidence before him. We have already noticed a specification of the west window in Orchyerde's contracts with William of Waynflete; and as these en- richments are placed immediately under the window, in harmonious proportion, to adorn the portal, they most probably formed a part of the original designd. were united in the reign of Henry VII; but William of Waynflete did not survive to witness the fulfilment of the treaty of marriage, by which that union was cemented and secured. President Mayew attended the king's coronation, 30th October, 1485; and his expenses were paid by order of the founder from the College funds. They amounted to the very moderate sum of fifteen shillings and three- pence halfpenny; a considerable sum, nevertheless, in those days; when the president of such an establishment must have appeared in some degree of state at the ceremony of a coronation. In the act of resumption, which was passed in the first parliament of the new king, it was provided, that it "should not be prejudicial to William bishop of Wynchestre, nor to the president and scolars of seynt Mary Mag- dalen in the university of Oxford;" to whom this act confirms the letters patent of Henry VI. and Edward IV. (Parliament Rolls, VI. 351.) It is gratifying to observe the respect and veneration which accompanied the name of Waynflete through five successive reigns, amidst the most turbulent conflicts of contending factions. C Page 9. See Chandler, p. 137; Wood ap. Gutch, p. 310. d Of these five figures, the first on the dexter side represents St. John the Baptist, the patron saint of the hospital; the second, Edward IV, as appears from the heraldic badge in the adjoining panel. In the centre stands St. Mary Magdalene; the next figure has been generally supposed to be William of Wykeham, but is more probably the glorious confessor St. Swithune," who is expressly mentioned in the founder's statutes as one of the patron saints of the see of Winchester, in honour of whom he founds his college. The last represents Waynflete kneeling with appropriate humility before the patrons and saints of his college and cathedral. The good bishop is thus represented also on the seal of his college, as well as in the niche over the tower gateway: where the figures of St. John the Baptist, St. Mary Magdalene, and Edward IV, are also repeated. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 19 These five statues, as well as the four of a larger size, which are placed under canopied niches attached to the front of the tower gateway, are in excellent preserva- tion; and, whether we consider the spirit and delicacy of the execution, the easy flow of the drapery, or the ap- propriate felicity of the decorations and accompaniments, they are perhaps unrivalled specimens of the sculpture of the 15th century. It is painful to observe the con- trast exhibited by the grotesque taste of the German school of sculpture; of which so early and extraordinary an example is found in the hieroglyphics, as they are called, which terminate the buttresses on three sides of the interior of the cloistered quadrangles. The two small figures, bearing the shields of Waynflete, on the first stage of the buttresses which flank the inner gate- way, seem to have suggested the whole arrangement; these being placed on square plinths with tracery-panels, which have probably served as models for the rest. From the fine specimens of ecclesiastical sculpture still existing in the great western front of this college, we may deduce some estimate of the value of those over the high altar, which the reforming mania of the 16th and 17th centuries urged the society to remove or destroy. h g For an explanation of such of these figures as are intelligible, the reader is referred to the Edipus Magdalenensis of Mr. Reeks; Wake's Rex Platonicus, 5th edit. 1635; Gutch, in Appendix, 273, where is a note, probably communicated by Gough or Warton; and to most of the Guides and Descriptions of Oxford. These figures may be also seen in Carter's Specimens of Ancient Sculpture. h The abuse of these images ought however to be taken into con- sideration. They had been received in the Western church after much opposition in the ninth century, and with the express injunction that no kind of worship should be given to them. How ill this in- junction was observed, the practice of the age immediately succeed- ing their introduction evinces. c 2 20 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. k Many places of worship were then so much injured and mutilated, that it was deemed necessary to take them entirely down, and rebuild them in the new fashion. Few edifices in Oxford probably have experienced so many vicissitudes, and yet have retained so much of their original character, as the chapel under considera- tion. Despoiled of its costly furniture and architectural decorations under a succession of puritanical acts and ordinances, it was again adorned, between the years 1629 and 1635, with a handsome screen of oak, not how- ever in accordance with its ancient architecture; new wainscoting and panel-work, richly gilt; with figures of apostles and saints, then newly painted and varnished; recalling the memory of the old chapel at Tittenhanger, built by Abbot John of Whethamstede; where he is said to have painted at the back of the stalls the figures of all the saints who bore the name of John. About this time also the west end', or antechapel, was embellished with new windows of the best painted glass of that age; the contract for which between the college and Richard Greenbury is still extant, among the papers found in the muniment-tower. Unfortunately, the floor of the inner chapel, covered with the monuments of the dead buried beneath, like that of the choir of Christ Church, was i See archbishop Laud's history of his chancellorship of the uni- versity, in his Remains published by Wharton, vol. II. p. 81. He also mentions another new building of rooms towards the water side in this latter year (1635). This was called the Commoners' Building. k The stalls and elegant canopies were parts of the original furni- ture, and were only lately removed to the antechapel. 1 The east end of the chapel and the side walls near the altar ap- pear to have been adorned at this time with tapestry, which gave place to the finely carved wainscot of the Grecian model, put up about the year 1740, and very lately removed. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 21 taken up at the same time, in order that it might be paved with black and white marble; in consequence of which, it became necessary to distribute these monu- ments over the surface of the antechapel and against the walls; but such was the scrupulous care and judg- ment exercised in the arrangement of them, that the nu- merous inscriptions, which abound in good Latinity, have been nearly all preserved. They have been printed with great fidelity, and in general with accuracy, by the late Mr. Gutch, from Wood's MSS., with additions to the middle of the last century. To his work, therefore, we refer our readers; adding only, at the end of our account of this college, a few of modern date, from the classical pen of no common memorialist. Scarcely had twenty years elapsed from this time, during which, according to Wood, "a new organ was provided, a comely screen, painted windows, and what not, to adorn the house of God," when the chapel was destined to undergo another change. On the 19th of May, 1649, Fairfax, Cromwell, and the other parlia- mentary commanders, dined in the hall by invitation of the new president, Dr. Wilkinson; and, in return for this undeserved hospitality, the greatest outrages were committed by the soldiers. An attempt was made by some of the well-disposed members of the society, to save the most valuable specimens of painted glass by conceal- ing them; but this provident caution served only to exasperate these puritanical barbarians; and, though the more recent windows seem to have escaped, the rest were trampled under foot without remorse on the pave- ment of the cloister. The organ, which stood on the south side of the choir, was conveyed to Hampton Court by order of Cromwell; where it remained in the great C 3 22 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. gallery till the restoration, when it was returned to the college". After these ravages of the rebellious usurpers, it be- came necessary to repair the injury, which the sacred edifice had sustained in its internal appearance. But the conflict of contending sects and parties in England had gradually introduced a taste for foreign art, to the neglect and disparagement of our ancient architecture. Hence a large picture of the resurrection, painted by Isaac Fuller, who had studied under Perrier in France, was thought a good expedient to cover the mutilated re- mains of the old tabernacle-work" over the altarP. Some time afterwards, about the year 1740, consider- able alterations were made in the chapel and other parts of the college. The eight small windows in the transept, painted by Greenbury about a century before, as already stated, were brought into the choir, and placed four on each side; two more being added at the upper end, painted by William Price the younger, who died in 1765. A new organ was introduced in the room of the old one before mentioned, which is now in the abbey church of Tewksbury. The antechapel was n Vide Gutch and Chalmers, from Wharton; who probably received this information from his father, a fellow of the college. • Scarcely any vestiges remained of the niches at the east end. P Whatever merit this painting might possess, it will probably be better known hereafter by the elegant Latin poem of Addison on the subject, printed in 1718; also in the Musæ Anglicanæ, and in the edition of his miscellaneous works by Tickell, Lond. 1736. In this collection will be found also a poem of equal elegance, on a more dif- ficult subject, which has not attracted so much notice. It is entitled, Sphæristerium;" and the scene is evidently laid in the grove of Magdalene College; where, in Addison's time, there was a bowling- green, as at New College. Plans of both may be seen in the Oxonia Depicta of Williams, published in 1733. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 23 also paved with Portland stone, and the sepulchral brasses, dispersed over the former pavement, were again collected and placed against the walls. The great west window, painted originally after a design by Christopher Swartz, which had been materially injured by the high wind in 1703, continued in the same state until Dr. Montague Cholmeley, who died fellow of the college in 1785, left a bequest of 3007. for a new window; but the society, on their general principal of restoration, chose rather to expend 8507. in repairing the old one. This work was executed by Egginton in 1794, after an engraving by Sadler preserved in the president's lodgings, so much to their satisfaction, that he was employed three years afterwards to supply them with designs for the other eight windows of the antechapel. These are conse- quently filled in a splendid manner with the college arms, scripture history, and admirable portraits of John the Baptist, St. Mary Magdalene, Kings Henry III. and VI, as well as of the founders of four colleges, Wayn- flete, Wykeham, Fox, and Wolsey; the two last having been fellows on this foundation. The Grecian altar-piece of the Corinthian order, exe- cuted in the Holdsworth era, and coeval with the new buildings in the inner court, though handsome in its kind, as well as the organ-screen and panel-work of the a The substitution of the plaster ceiling here and elsewhere for English "heart of oak," about the year 1790, was the work of Mr. Wyatt; whose errors have been sufficiently exposed by a variety of writers, "as warnings against future offences." The ancient roof was framed with open trusses of timber, carved and moulded on the inside in a similar style to the roof of All Souls' chapel, and rising to the ridge with a very low inclination; so that the outside roof of lead was concealed by the embattled parapets. (See Pugin's " Examples of Gothic Architecture," &c. Lond. 4to. 1831.) It is remarkable, that C 4 24 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 17th century, the society have lately had the taste and spirit to remove, as inconsistent with the architecture of their founder's chapel; and so extensive has been the plan of the restorations, that the whole of the interior may be said to be completely new, with the exception of the windows". Any lengthened or critical examination of these restorations in detail, would be inconsistent with the limits of this work. Though there may be, as usual, something to condemn, there is much more, apparently, to admire; and whatever opinion may be entertained of the designs and fancies of the architect, it must be gra- tifying to behold, in the aggregate, such accuracy and beauty of execution. The celebrated picture of Christ bearing his cross, attributed in succession to three dif- ferent artists, Guido, Ludovico Caracci, and Moralez el Divino, has been appropriately replaced over the altar- Waynflete, though he subsequently followed the model of All Souls in many particulars, had adopted the greater simplicity of Wykeham's architecture in the windows of his chapel; the more ancient curve being there preferred to the compound arch from four centres with an obtuse point, of which the buildings of archbishop Chichele every- where exhibit the most perfect examples. r On the removal of the panelled wainscot, there were discovered, on each side of the altar-table, two doors of most elegant proportions, which formerly led to the ancient vestiarium, now the fellows' com- mon room. These doorways, together with the south side of the little. oratory noticed before, and called in the college statutes the presi- dent's chapel, were not retained by Mr. Cottingham, the architect, on account of the colour of the stone not harmonizing with the other stone used in the decoration of the edifice. These relics of ancient art are preserved in the church of Theale, near Reading, in Berkshire. It may be properly here observed, that the founder's oratory was a small square chamber of the cabin fashion, covered with lead, and attached to the president's lodgings, in the south-west corner of the cloistered quadrangle. It was removed in the late general repair of the college. F. Mackenzie, THI MAGDALEN COLLEGE, FROM TELE WALK Fablished Aquil 1,1883, by J.A. Por, far, C. 19, leet Street; & J. Le Keux, Hammasworth. J, Le Keur MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 25 table. It has been copied by Egginton in the east win- dow of the church of Wanstead in Essex. The monu- ment of the founder's father, brought from the dilapi- dated church of St. Peter at Waynflete in Lincolnshire, is now placed at the north-east side of the antechapel. THE CLOISTERS, with the chambers over them, toge- ther with the LIBRARY, which occupies a considerable portion of the west side of the quadrangle, were a part of the founder's original design; but the hieroglyphics are said to have been added about the year 1509. It may be proper to state in this place what has been the extent of those important restorations to which we have already alluded. In the year 1822, and in the four following years, considerable alterations were effected under the superintendence of Mr. Parkinson, an architect of London. The north side of the old quadrangle was wholly rebuilt, with the exception of the narrow passage at the west end and the exterior wall of the cloister as high as the string-course. The east side was likewise rebuilt; but the walls of the cloister, and the windows over it in the interior of the quadrangle, remain the same. The south cloister, adjoining the hall and chapel, and forming a surbase to the walls, was rebuilt from the foundation, after the model of the former one; the exterior s Some letters of considerable interest are preserved in the college, written by Mr. Holdsworth; one particularly, dated "Florence, Oct. 22, 1743,” and another, "Rome, Jan. 31, 1744," respecting a pro- jected plan for new lodgings for the president, with the mason's esti- mate for the same. As the society have recently finished the two ends of the new building, after a design by Mr. Harrison, of Chester, and restored the north side of the old quadrangle, instead of removing it, as recommended by Wyatt, there is no reason now to fear that Holdsworth's injudicious projects will ever be carried into execution. They were deprecated by a writer in the Oxford Guide of 1759. 26 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. wall of which was much decayed, and out of the per- pendicular. The windows of that portion of the presi- dent's lodgings, which constitute a part of the west side of the quadrangle, were restored to their original form; and a new roof of Westmoreland slate was placed on three sides of the quadrangle. The fabric of the hall and chapel, with the exception of the roof substituted by Mr. Wyatt in 1790, remains unaltered; as does the interior of the east and west sides of this court, whilst the story over the north cloister was rebuilt with exact- ness after the original one. Thus the exterior of the north and east sides, which in consequence of successive alterations and unsightly additions had become disgrace- fully mean, has in all probability been much more hand- somely and substantially reedified than it was originally built; as the greater part of the north side belonged to the old hospital; and the college stables formerly occu- pied the adjoining ground. The battlements of this quadrangle have been re- newed throughout; and an old sundial on the north side of the tower gateway has been very properly re- moved. Care has been taken to restore the roof and every part of the building to its original simplicity; sub- stituting only Westmoreland slates for those of Stonesfield. t To this account of the late alterations it may be added, that the south front of the building, which adjoins the beautiful bell turret formerly mentioned, p. 5, was erected after a design by Mr. Buckler, senior, on taking down Magdalene Hall and the School beneath, in 1828. This turret, which belonged to the Hall, is said to have con- cealed Colonel Owen, a partisan of the house of Stuart, from pursuit in 1715. v It appears to have resembled one which still remains on the north wall of the fellows' garden at Balliol, on which we find the date of 1714. These sundials were numerous before clocks with dial plates came into common use. See notea, p.38, in our account of Christ Church. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 27 THE LIBRARY, which has been increased in length by the new arrangements, while the uniformity of the cloister did not admit of much additional elevation of roof, is not improved in its proportions; though it has the advantage of additional light, from the introduction of a bay window of large dimensions, not quite in the Waynflete taste, at the northern extremity. The furni- ture and book-stalls, which are of the best wainscot oak, are entirely new ". சைமன STAIRCASE TO THE HALL. THE HALL. This magnificent and interesting struc- ture, like that at New College, is built on the same line, though not on the same floor, with the chapel. The ascent is by a steep flight of stone steps, with a return at right angles when the summit is gained; an oak u At the north-western angle of the library stood formerly the election gallery or chamber; which, with the rooms under it, being part of the president's lodgings, was taken down in 1770; when the third story was added to the opposite building, as has been already men- tioned. It formed, together with the library, and the other parts of the president's lodgings, a small court, and is noticed in the Spectator, No. 494, where a humorous account is given by Addison of an exa- 28 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. screen with double doors leaving ample space between the hall and the opposite offices. Looking back from the window of the landing-place, which here, as well as at New College, is injudiciously intersected by the position of the screen, we observe, carved in oak, and painted white, an elliptical arch, flanked by fluted pilasters of the Ionic order, corresponding with those which form the divisions of the panel-work in the interior of the hall. Above is an oblong panel, tastefully enriched, and deco- rated with the royal arms of James I. in the centre, having the ostrich plume of prince Henry on one side, and the arms of the college on the other. These heraldic memorials seem to have been intended to commemorate the royal visit of 1605, when, as Dr. Chandler expresses it, the college was "tricked out" for the reception of these august personages, and prince Henry was admitted as a matriculated member of this college. BENEFACTORS.-In addition to the munificence of their founder, the members of this society have derived considerable advantages from the benefactions of several individuals, both before and since his death. But the greater part of them belong to that era. The first who is commemorated is sir John Fastolf, knt.; the constant friend of the bishop through all the vicissitudes of the times; the extent of whose bounty has never been suffi- ciently ascertained, because he enfeoffed the founder dur- ing his life. Another has never been recorded at all, ex- cept on his grave-stone; where the writer of his epitaph mination of a young candidate for a scholarship in the puritanical times; the "independent minister and head of a college" is Thomas Goodwyn, who attended Cromwell on his deathbed. (See Burnet's History of his Own Times, book I.) Some idea may be formed of it from the prints of Loggan and Williams. See note, page 26. There is also an external view of it in the Oxford Almanack for 1730. MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 29 describes him as a "special benefactor" of the college. This was Roger Bulkeley, or Bolkeley, D. D. one of the earliest fellows, who died in 1465. He had been a dis- tinguished member of the university, and had served the office of proctor, commissary, &c. Three fellowships in addition to the thirty-seven original ones are known to have been instituted with permission of the founder in his lifetime, on certain conditions specified in the grant of them. Two of these were given by John Ingledewe, clerk, for the diocese of York and Durham, among other objects, "in augmentum cleri in universitate Oxoniæ;" the other was given about the same time by John Forman, for the county of York, with certain preferences of kin- dred or locality. But the most splendid benefactor was William FITZ-ALAN, earl of Arundel; from whom the Arundel altar was named; who appropriated to the col- lege the hospital of St. James, in the lordship of Aynhoe, Northamptonshire, in 1483, 1 Ric. III. In 1487, James, William, and Robert Preston, of the county of Lancaster, and diocese of York, jointly gave certain monies for the purchase of lands. Richard Fox, bishop of Exeter, after- wards of Winchester, and founder of Corpus Christi Col- lege, who had been a fellow, was a considerable benefactor, 4 Hen. VII, and procured a mortmain of 1007. Richard Bernys, or Barns, sometime fellow, often mentioned, be- queathed lands at Headington, near Oxford, to provide. an annual pension for the vice-president; having him- self held that office thirty years. He died in the year 1499, aged 100 years; and his epitaph is preserved. He was buried near the south-west angle of the antechapel. John Claymond, sometime president of this college, after- ward invited by bishop Fox to become the first president of his new foundation, in 1532, gave divers lands and tenements in Oxfordshire, and in the county of South- 30 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. ampton. There is another benefaction of the same day and year, left by John Hygden, D. D. sometime president; then dean, first of cardinal Wolsey's, and afterward of king Henry VIIIth's college. Simon Parret, or Perot, who married Elizabeth Love of Aynhoe, niece of sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity College, by his deed of composition still extant, left 67. yearly arising from lands in Stanlake, for a sermon on St. Mark's day, and other purposes there recited at large. Other bene- factors have given various exhibitions; among whom Wood records John Molins, archdeacon of St. Paul's, sometime fellow; sir Rich. Leigh, knt., &c. To these more remote benefactors may be added the names of arch- bishop Frewen, formerly president, bishop Warner, Ralph Freman, esq. of Hamels, in Hertfordshire, John Norris, esq. formerly a demy, Dr. Butler, bishop Hough, presi- dents, Dr. Boulter, primate of Ireland, Dr. Thomas Walde- grave, and of late Dr. and Mrs. Sheppard, Drs. Heselden, Burrough, Tate, Johnson, Jenner, and Chapman. This college has produced two cardinals, four archbi- shops, nearly forty bishops, thirty-two governors of high attainments, together with so many eminent and learned men in church and state, that here, as in our account of Christ Church, we are precluded by our limits from at- tempting even a catalogue of their names. We may however mention Lilly the grammarian, Fox the mar- tyrologist, Cooper the lexicographer, Hammond, Heylyn, Hampden, Thomas Smith, Addison, Collins, Holdsworth, Gibbon, Horbery, Townson, Horne, Chandler; but, above all, JOHN HOUGH, bishop of Worcester, stands proudly preeminent. His firm resistance of the tyrannical com- missioners of James the second, is too well known to need any repetition in detail. Even the cold and philosophi- cal Hume, "the elegant apologist for the Stuart family," MAGDALENE COLLEGE. 31 admits that it led to "important consequences." Per- haps the glorious revolution of 1688 may be attributed, in a great degree, to the noble conduct of those, whom an apostate member of the college stigmatized as the "monks" of Magdalene. They almost unanimously sup- ported the cause of their injured and insulted president; whose name will be remembered with honour and grati- tude, as long as it shall be esteemed a virtue in public men to maintain their chartered rights and privileges against the encroachments of arbitrary power. Relying with perfect confidence on the general issue of the case, he disregarded the sentence of DEPRIVATION, though enforced by the overawing accompaniment of three troops of horse; and in the presence of his majesty's commis- sioners, assembled in the common room of Magdalene College, he uttered these memorable words, which deserve to be recorded in letters of gold: "MY LORDS, I DO HEREBY PROTEST AGAINST ALL YOUR PROCEEDINGS; AND AGAINST ALL THAT YOU HAVE DONE, OR HEREAFTER SHALL DO, IN PREJU- DICE OF ME AND MY RIGHT; AS ILLEGAL, UNJUST, AND NULL; AND THEREFORE I APPEAL TO MY SOVE- REIGN LORD THE KING IN HIS COURTS OF JUSTICE." x "An Impartial Relation of the whole Proceedings against St. Mary Magdalen College in Oxon," &c. 4to. 1688. 32 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. After the lapse of a hundred and thirty years, the following in- scription in memory of Dr. Oliver, the president ejected during the great rebellion, was placed close by the spot pointed out in Dr. Yerbury's epitaph, who desired to be buried near him. Ж CORPUS HIC SITUM EST JOANNIS OLIVARII S. T. P. PRESIDIS OPTIMI ET DOCTISSIMI SUA SPONTE PAUPERIS VIX. ANN. LXI. QUI CUM AD DOMUM FORTUNAS QUE SUAS CAROLI CAUSA AMISSAS REDIISSET POST PAULO HOMINIBUS EXEMPTUS EST HAVE ANIMA EGREGIA FORSITAN ET HUIC SECULO EXEMPLO FUTURA To this we have added the epitaphs on three of the fellows of this college lately deceased. H. S. E. QUOD MORTALE FUIT BENIAMINI TATE S. T. P. ANNOS PLUS QUADRAGINTA SOCII QUI FAMILIE SUÆ VETUSTATEM MORUM DULCEDINE ET COMITATE ORNAVIT QUIPPE AMICITIE SI QUIS ALIUS TENAX TAM MITI INGENIO FUIT IN OMNES UT APUD COLLEGIUM SUUM CUJUS ECCLESIAS TENUIORES PIO MUNERE DONAVIT MAGNUM DESIDERIUM SUI RELIQUERIT OBIIT NOVEMBRIS XXII. ANNO SALUTIS MDCCCXX. VIXIT ANN. LXIX. MENS. IV. GEORGIUS TATE ARM. FRATRI OPTIME DE SE MERITO H. M. P. C. RELIQUIE JOANNIS SHAW S.T. P. ANNOS PLUS QUINQUAGINTA SOCII QUI VIXIT ANN. LXXIII. MENS. X. DECESSIT XIX. KAL. FEBR. ANNO SALUTIS MDCCCXXIV. VALE O DULCIS SIMPLEX INGENIOSE FORTIS SAPIENS JOANNES ET JOSEPHUS PARKINSON HÆREDES EX TEST. AMICO BENE MERENTI P.P. H. S. E. ARTHURUS LOVEDAY S. T. P. ANNOS FERE TRIGINTA SOCIUS FILIUS JOANNIS LOVEDAY E CAVERSHAM IN AGRO OXON. ARMIGERI ET FRATER JOANNIS LOVEDAY E WILLIAMSCOT IN EODEM AGRO I. C. D. VIRORUM OPT. JAM OLIM IN HOC COLLEGIO COMMENSALIUM ET LITTERIS STUDIISQUE DOCTRINE EGREGIE EXCULTORUM QUI SUBTUS JACET ARTHURUS PATREM INDOLE ET VIRTUTE REFERENS COMIS FUIT SIMPLEX APERTUS ATQUE IN OPIS INDIGENTES LIBERALISSIMUS VIXIT ANN. LX. MENS. V. DECESSIT IN PACE IV. NONAS JUNII ANNO SALUTIS MDCCCXXVII. HÆREDES COGNATO SUO CARISSIMO P. C. F.Mackenzie. BRAZEN NOSE COLLEGE. Published April1-1885, by J.F.Parker Oxford.C.Tilt. Fleet St London &J Le Keux Harmondsworth. J.Le Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. WA.DE! AMOTTE シン ​HALL; TOWER GATEWAY; &c. BRASENOSE COLLEGE. O.JEWITT Se IT cannot be said, that this college belongs to the most ancient class; being erected in the reign of king Henry VIII. at that critical juncture when the minds of men were excited by the prospect of some change in academi- cal as well as ecclesiastical discipline; yet it stands on the site of some of the most venerable property connected with the University. Not less than four ancient halls were merged in it. Little University hall,' which occu- pied the north-east angle near the lane, is described by some antiquaries as one of those halls that king Alfred built a' It is certain, that schools were attached to most of the halls in this neighbourhood; about two and thirty in number: and the 'Schola' of Alfred, mentioned by a Peshall's Wood p. 52; probably from Twyne's MSS. " 29 B S BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 6 Asser, may be more rationally sought in the centre of the city than in the northern suburbs; where it was the fashion formerly to look for the ancient BELLOSITUM b. This tenement, with its schools and liberties,' is men- tioned in conveyances of 1239 and 1253. In the latter year it was purchased or redeemed by the university with the monies left by William of Durham for the use of his scholars, and received its appellation from the ne- cessity of distinguishing it from the Great' hall of the University in the High street, purchased about the same period. Adjoining to this was another tenement, pur- chased by the University in the year 1261 for a similar purpose; though it does not appear that such scholars had any one fixed habitation for some years. Soon after,' however, this tenement,' observes Wood, was called by the name of Brasenose, and not before as I can yet learn.' We find this tenement, accordingly, often mentioned un- der the appellation of Brasenose hall, and it appears to have been an important receptacle for students from time immemorial, even to the period of the present foundation. This stood nearly where the modern gate of entrance is. Next to this was Salisbury hall, to the southward; and b Probably a poetical Latinization of BEAUMONT. c Hist. and Ant. by Gutch, II. 756. This curious appellation, which, whatever was the origin of it, has been perpetuated by the symbol of a brazen nose on the gate here and at Stamford, occurs with the modern orthography, but in one undivided word, so early as 1278, in an Inqui- sition now printed in the Hundred Rolls, though quoted by Wood from the manuscript record. See St. Mary's parish, p. 2. C d Mr. Churton was led to apprehend, that no part of the present college, unless perhaps the kitchen, stands upon these premises.' Life of Bp. Smyth, p. 275. But there is every reason to believe, that Sa- lisbury hall had a frontage towards School street; and if so, a part at least of the present library and rooms underneath must occupy the same site. The premises were extensive, comprehending a part of the BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 3 beyond it, where the modern chapel stands, was Little St. Edmund hall; so called to distinguish it from the one near St. Peter's church in the east, which became of greater importance from its annexation to Queen's college. But this on the west side of School street seems to have been of great antiquity, being mentioned so early as the reigns of king John and Hen. III; about which time it be- came the property of Oseney abbey, and had a school at- tached to it called Edmund school.' C These four ancient halls were all conveyed by different grants to the persons appointed by agreement between the then bishop of Lincoln, William Smyth, and Richard Sutton, esquire, afterwards sir Richard Sutton, knight, with a view to their joint-design of founding an import- ant college on the site of them. To these were added, by other purchases, for the convenience and accommodation of the future society, four other halls adjoining, of scarcely inferior note; namely, Haberdasher's hall, where the mo- dern house of the principal now stands; with Black hall, Staple hall, and Glass hall, on the east side of School street. The last three were surrendered by the society, with all their appurtenances, to make room for the Rad- cliffe library and its magnificent area. Thus, as TEN halls are said to have been merged in the foundation of New College, so EIGHT appear to have been eventually absorbed in that of Brasenose. All things being now prepared for the new work, and the grant of a stone quarry in Heddington fields being secured to bishop Smyth, Richard Sutton, esquire, and 'introitus S. Maria' or St. Mary's entry, with gardens and other ap- purtenances; all conveyed from Oriel college, in 1509-10, to Mr. Sutton and others, parties with bishop Smyth in certain purchases for the foundation of the college. B 2 4 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. Mr. Roland Messenger, clerk, for their joint lives, the foundation stone was laid in the south-west corner of the quadrangle, with the usual formalities, by the two muni- ficent founders in person, on the first of June 1509, in the first year of the reign of king Henry the Eighth; and in compliment to the new sovereign, perhaps, as well as with some retrospective veneration for the traditionary halls of Danish and Saxon sovereigns, supposed to have been on this central spot, the establishment, when com- pleted, was distinguished by the chartered title of THE KING'S HALL AND COLLEGE OF BRASENOSE.' The royal charter of foundation is dated Jan. 15, 3 Hen. viij. (1511–12.) C 6 The intention of the founders is sufficiently explained in the first chapter of their statutes. They profess to found and establish, by royal authority and charter, in the University of Oxford, a perpetual college of scholars, to study philosophy and sacred theology; to the praise and honour of Almighty God; for the furtherance of di- vine worship; for the advancement of holy church; and for the support and exaltation of the Christian faith.' They then proceed to ordain, that their college shall consist of a principal and twelve fellows; all born within the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield: with a preference C e By copy of court roll, as it appears; though Mr. Churton calls it a lease. From an inattention to the form of conveying a copyhold, which is by surrender and admission in court, some difficulties seem to have arisen in this part of Mr. Churton's work respecting the founda- tion and progress of the new buildings. Dr. Plot is also incorrectly made to say, that Brasenose, as well as some other colleges, which he names, was built with stone dug near Wheatley; whereas he only states the well known fact, that all the oldest colleges were built of Heddington stone, mixed with another sort dug near Wheatley. V. Oxfordshire, ch. iv. §. 27. Life of Bishop Smyth, p. 273. BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 5 СТ to natives of the counties of Lancaster and Chester; and especially to natives of the parish of Prescot in Lanca- shire, and of Presbury in Cheshire.' It appears, how- ever, that in defect of such persons, duly qualified in learning and morals, the society is to choose out of the diocese of Lincoln, of which Oxford then formed a part; and, if none there born be eligible, then the most fit and learned persons that can be found in the University.' Before we proceed to state the numerous BENEFAC- TIONS which have been added to the bounty of the Founders, it will be necessary to give the general reader a brief account of these excellent men; referring such as are desirous of more ample or minute particulars to the diligent researches of Mr. Churton: who published the Lives of both in one volume, octavo, in 18005. WILLIAM SMYTH, bishop of Lincoln, with whom the design of founding this college seems to have originated, was the fourth son of Robert Smyth of Peelhouse in Widness, a township in the parish of Prescot, in the county palatine of Lancaster. Of the precise time of his birth, and other early particulars, notwithstanding the patient and persevering researches of Mr. Churton, no certain information has been obtained; nor after much discussion is it known, from the number of persons of Bishop f Stat. cap. 1, Churton's Life of Bishop Smyth, 316. Smyth composed the first body of statutes; of which he speaks in his will, dated Dec. 26, 1513. These were afterwards revised with care. by the surviving founder, sir Richard Sutton, and finally ratified under his hand and seal, 1 Feb. 13 Hen. viij. 1521, 2; ‘in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.' Ibid. pp. 311-313. g Oxford, at the University Press, for the author; with an Appen- dix of letters and papers never before printed. This publication, with the Life of dean Nowell, forms a rich fund of biographical, antiqua- rian, and literary intelligence, the result of much laborious research. B 3 6 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. both his names, at what college, or colleges, either in Ox- ford or Cambridge, he prosecuted his studiesh. We find him, however, a bachelor of law at his institution to the rectory of Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, June 14, 1492. This preferment, as well as his future advancement, he owed to the patronage of Margaret countess of Rich- mond; and to his interest with his kind patroness the University is probably indebted for the establishment of the divinity professorship, which is called after her name. Among other honours and emoluments bestowed upon him, chiefly through her means, he was made clerk of the Hanaper, dean of St. Stephen's chapel, and a privy councillor; president of Wales; bishop of Coventry and Lichfieldi; and at length bishop of Lincoln, and chancel- lor of the University of Oxford; an honour often con- ferred on the bishops of this see. In the beginning of the year 1508 he seems to have adjusted his plan of re- building Brasenose hall, and endowing it as a college, with the assistance of sir Richard Sutton; of whom we shall presently give some account. They had the satis- faction of living to see their benevolent designs completed, and ratified by a royal charter of incorporation'. The will of bishop Smyth is dated 26 Dec. 1513, and the pro- h After all the doubts and discussions on this subject, it appears that he was at least incorporated at Cambridge; but, as this was after he had become bishop of Lincoln, it is concluded by Mr. Churton, that he was not antecedently a member of that university. Life, pp. 19, 20. i The order of precedence is now reversed. k So it is considered in the epitaph of the founder : Aulaque sumptu hujus renovata est Enea, &c.' 1 The charter is dated Jan. 15, 3 Hen. viij. (1511-12.) See a de- scription of it in Mr. Churton's work, p. 292. There are copies of it in the Rolls' chapel, in Rymer, and in Yate. BRASENOSE COLLEGE. -1 bate issued on the last day of January following. He died on the 2d of that month, at Buckden, according to Mr. Churton; but was buried in the nave of his cathe- dral at Lincoln, near the west end". His principal en- dowments of the college consisted of some estates compre- hended under the appellation of Basset's fee, chiefly in the county of Oxford, formerly belonging to the Bassets, lords of the manor of Heddington; and the whole pro- perty of the dissolved priory of Cold Norton; much of which lies in the neighbourhood of Chapel house on the Worcester road. Of the bishop's coadjutor in the foun- dation and endowment of this college, the memorials are still more scanty than those relating to himself. SIR RI- CHARD SUTTON, however, is known to have been of a very ancient and respectable family; deriving their name from Sutton near Macclesfield, in the county palatine of m Life, &c. p. 343. Browne Willis says, that bishop Smyth, as well as Atwater and Longland, died at the episcopal palace at Wo- burn, in Buckinghamshire. V. Survey of Cathedrals, p. 62. Lond. 1730. n The society are much indebted to Dr. Stukeley, who in his first 'century' of plates has preserved an engraving of the beautiful brass plate stripped from the gravestone of their founder in the 17th cen- tury. Dugdale and Browne Willis both note the position of it in their ichnographical plans of the cathedral; but the gravestone itself has been since removed in new paving the floor. Stukeley mentions the engraving as being executed from a drawing procured by Browne Willis; and under all the circumstances it is one of the most interest- ing brasses ever engraved. The bishop is represented in pontificali- bus, and mitred; the pastoral staff in his left hand, and the right raised in the act of benediction; under his feet is the inscription pre- served in Willis's Cathedrals, p. 59. He stands under a triple canopy, surmounted by an obtusely pointed arch, and embattled cornice, with quatrefoils in the spandrels within circles; and the twelve apostles, six on each side, arranged in separate niches under tabernacles. V. Stuke- ley's Itin. Cur. p. 86, pl. 16. fol. Lond. 1724. B 4 8 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. Chester. He was a barrister of the Inner Temple. As a proof of his talent and reputation in his profession, we find him a member of the privy-council of king Henry VII. Feb. 3, 1498. In 1505 he appears one of the go- vernors of the Inner Temple; an annual office, to which he was frequently chosen. In 1513, or before, he was appointed steward to the monastery of Sion; in which he occupied chambers, and resided there chiefly during the remainder of his life. From a splendid work, called 'the Orcharde of Syon,' compiled and published at his ex- pense, which contributed not a little to the literary fame of that house, he appears to have been a worthy inmate of the monastery; which was furnished with a library of curious books, of which the catalogue still remains. Be- sides his endowments to Brasenose college, he left some estates in the neighbourhood of Sion to this monastery, and a legacy of 207. to the lady abbess. His will, which is dated March 16, 15 Hen. viij. was proved in St. Paul's cathedral, Nov. 7, 1524. An account of his various le- gacies, which are chiefly of a charitable and religious de- scription, may be seen in his Life, pp. 452-8. At what time, or on what particular occasion, he ob- tained the honour of knighthood, Mr. Churton has not • He appears, however, to have had three different places of resi- dence at the time of making his will; for he bequeaths to his nephew, John Sutton of Sutton, his 'beddyng and householde stuffe, in the Sion, and in the Temple, and at St. Giles.' V. Churton, ubi supra, p. 458. It has been conjectured, that he was buried at Macclesfield; where or at Sutton he had ordered a chantry to be erected, and his obit to be kept yearly; yet Mr. Churton seems inclined to believe, that the monastery at Sion was the place of his interment. Ibid. p. 452. In a chantry or a monastery the remains of the pious and the learned were equally insecure from the barbarians of the subse- quent period. F.Mackenzie. BRAZEN NOSE COLLEGE CHAPEL. Published April 1835, by JH Parker Oxford. C.Blt Fleet St London.&J Le Keux. Harmondsworth. J.Le Keux BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 9 been able to discover; but it must have been conferred within the last two years of his life, as a late and long- merited reward for integrity and talent: since neither the reign of Henry VIII. nor that of his father was re- markable for any indiscriminate profusion of such dis- tinctions P. Immense wealth,' observes Mr. Churton, whether in the court, or at the bar, sir Richard Sutton seems neither to have coveted nor acquired. He obtained honourable affluence by honourable means; and what he acquired he devoted to the most valuable purposes of human life, to the honour and advancement of religion. and learning 9.' q From sir Richard Sutton's bounty the society derived the manor of Erdeborowe, in the county of Leicester, with other estates in the parish of Somerby and its neighbourhood; an estate in the Strand, London, called the hospital of St. Mary, afterwards the White Hart inn, and exchanged eventually for lands at Stanford in the Vale, Berks; the manor of Cropredy, and certain lands there; and an estate in North Ockendon, in Essex. These properties were conveyed to the college in the P From the time of sir Henry de Bathe, or de Bathonia, whose effigies in armour at Christ Church has excited so much unreasonable surprise, to that of sir Richard Sutton and sir Thomas Pope, many eminent lawyers, knighted by their sovereigns, have been represented in the military habiliments of the order; inverting the old maxim: 'Cedant arma toga.' Vertue, in his first historical almanac, in 1723, has properly thus distinguished sir Richard Sutton; as in his portrait in the hall, &c. ¶ Life of sir Richard Sutton, pp. 462–3. r The premises in the Strand had been previously sold by the col- lege, in 1673, to sir Christopher Wren and other commissioners, for enlarging the streets after the fire of London. V. Life of Sutton, p. 431. The Red Lion inn at High Wycombe appears also to have been an early property of the college. Ibid. p. 445. 10 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. usual form of lease and release, between July and No- vember, in the year 1519. In July, 1522, he gave the college possession of an estate in Garsington and Cowley, in Oxfordshire; and, notwithstanding the changes inci- dent upon acts of enclosure, the identical farm house still remains in the former place, and the wall, which cost sir Richard 5l. This was his last donation to the col- lege. BENEFACTORS.-In addition to the bounty of their two founders, this society soon obtained numerous BENEFACTIONS. Some transient donations of sir John Blount, knight, and others, are mentioned by Mr. Chur- ton so early as 1516-24. But the first permanent bene- faction was that of Elizabeth Morley of Westminster, widow, who died about 1524. Sir Richard Sutton at her request had settled on the college in 1512 the manor of Pinchepolles, &c. in Berkshire. John Williamson, clerk, gave 2007. in 1521, to purchase lands for the main- tenance of two fellows. John Elton, alias Baker, canon of Salisbury, founded another fellowship in 1528. Wil- liam Porter, who had been warden of New College, founded a fellowship in 1531. Edward Darby, arch- deacon of Stow, who was also a benefactor to Lincoln college, left 1207. to purchase lands, &c. for the main- tenance of a fellow in 1538. In the same year Dr. Wil- liam Clyfton also gave lands for the maintenance of a fellow. Another fellowship was settled on the college by Brian Hygden, dean of York, in 1549, for a native of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, alternately. The concluding fellowship, which is the twentieth, was founded by Mrs. Joyce Frankland, a distinguished benefactress not only to this and to Lincoln college, but to Caius and to Emma- nuel college in Cambridge. Humphrey Ogle of Chal- BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 11 < ford, or Salford, Oxfordshire, archdeacon of Salop, pro- vided exhibitions in 1543 for two scholars born in Pres- cot, or in the dioceses of Chester or Lichfield; and in defect of such any fit persons born in the king's do- minions.' John, lord Mordaunt, in 1570, founded three scholarships. Of Alexander Nowell, the learned dean of St. Paul's, it has been observed, that he came to this col- lege in the thirteenth year of his age, resided thirteen years, founded thirteen scholarships, and died on the thirteenth day of February, 1601-2, at the advanced age of ninety-fives. Joyce Frankland, before mentioned, James Binks, alias Stoddard, George Palyn, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, John Milward, John Cartwright, esq. of Ayrho, Anne Walker, Hugh Henley, Thomas Church, Richard Reed, Sarah duchess dowager of Somerset, Dr. Thomas Yate, William Hulme, esq. Dr. William Grimbaldston, and others, have either founded or augmented scholar- ships and exhibitions. But the benefactions of Sarah duchess of Somerset and Mr. Hulme are such as to de- serve a more detailed account. The scholarships founded by the duchess of Somerset are both numerous and well endowed. At this time they amount to twenty in number. They are appropriated to youths educated at the grammar schools of Manchester, Marlborough, and Hereford, with a permission to the s See his Life by Mr. Archdeacon Churton; Oxford, 1809, 8vo. His scholarships were founded 11 Aug. 14 Eliz. 1572; and the same time he founded, with the assistance of queen Elizabeth, a free school at Middleton in Lancashire. Hence, in compliment to his royal patroness, the school was called, ' Queen Elizabeth's school,' and the scholars' Queen Elizabeth's scholars.' The particulars of dean Nowell's bequests have been recently investigated and confirmed in our courts of law. In the Lansdowne collection of MSS. are some letters of dean Nowell on the subject. 12 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. society, in respect to four, to accept of birth in the coun- ties of Hereford, Lancaster, and Chester, as a qualifica- tion, in defect of candidates educated in those schools. Mr. Hulme gave lands in and near to the town of Man- chester to certain trustees, resident in that neighbour- hood, for the support of four poor bachelors of arts for a period of four years from the date of that degree. Some of these lands having been subsequently built upon, Brasenose street standing upon a part of them, and all in various ways greatly improved in value, the trustees, who are noblemen and gentlemen of the counties of Lan- caster and Chester, have been incorporated by Act of Parliament; whereby they have obtained a power of pur- chasing advowsons, and presenting to the livings. They are bound however to present such priests as are or have been exhibitioners upon Mr. Hulme's foundation. The nominators to the exhibitions are, the Warden of Man- chester, and the rectors of Prestwich and Bury in Lan- cashire, for the time being; who again can nominate none but members of Brasenose college. The part which the society take in the foundation is, only to supply ob- jects for the founder's bounty, and to name the lecturer in divinity. The advowsons which have been purchased are entered in the college list as the most convenient mode of giving information to the exhibitioners. The t On a passage in bishop Smyth's will relating to his purchase of lands and tenements from Thomas Manby of Stowe Park in Lincoln- shire, settled on his college, Mr. Churton observes: Of this estate no other notice occurs. The college seem to have been possessed of the rectory of Wheathampstead (Herts) and of the chapel of Harpeden. No such name as Harpeden occurs in the Villare, except one near Henley, Oxon, which belongs to All Souls' college.' Appendix, p. 513. Harpenden, however, is well known; being about midway between St. Alban's and Luton, in the direct road from London. It is still BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 13 exhibitions are now fifteen, exceeding 100l. per annum each; and the sum of 357. is also annually expended in the purchase of books for each. In addition to these and various other minor benefac- tions, lectureships have also been endowed, since the foundation of the college, in philosophy and humanity, in Greek, in Hebrew, and in Mathematics. www OFLAMOTTE Rel 4110 כמפניורבאא CHAPEL, &c. www O JEWITT 10 BUILDINGS. The original edifice of bishop Smyth and sir Richard Sutton is still visible in the large en- trance quadrangle; but a third story was constructed over a great part of it, with dormer windows, &c. about the time of James I. for the accommodation of additional members. The hall and tower-gateway, however, retain much of their former grandeur and picturesque effect; and the decayed parts of the latter might be easily re- annexed, as a perpetual curacy, to the rectory of Wheathamstead, and belongs to the see of Lincoln. The chapelry contains about 1970 in- habitants. The rents mentioned by Mr. Churton as being in arrear in the college accounts so late as 19 Hen. VIII. were probably only temporary, and afterwards reverted to the bishops of Lincoln. 14 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. stored from Loggan's print of 1675: at which time it appears to have been in good preservation, and the tra- cery of the windows entire. At that period, and till the year 1770, the lodgings of the principal were on each side of the gateway, and over it, according to the ancient practice; but these are now converted into distinct apart- ments. The present frontage of the college occupies nearly the whole of the western side of the Radcliffe square; and the site of it, including the principal's house, extends southward to the High street". The HALL, or refectory, on the south side of the prin- cipal quadrangle, is spacious, lofty, and well-proportioned; having its windows partly embellished with the arms of the founders and benefactors; whose portraits also adorn the walls. Some of the latter are finely engraved in Mr. Churton's Life of dean Nowell. Over the porch or door of entrance are inserted two busts in freestone, which have attracted much notice, and have been preserved in engravings. The central fire-place in this hall, with the louvre, or lantern above, remained to a later period than usual; not being removed till the year 1760; when the hon. Ashton Curzon, D. C. L. of Clitherow, in Lan- cashire, afterwards lord Curzon, sometime a member of the college, gave the present chimney-piece. This is re- corded by his arms, and the cypher, A. C. containing the initials of his name. u When certain leases expire, a noble opportunity will present itself of forming a new frontage to the south; but not, it is hoped, from the design furnished by Hawksmoor, engraved in Williams' Oxonia, and repeated by Mr. Skelton from the Oxford Almanac of 1723. An embattled tower-gateway, with chambers on one side and the princi- pal's lodgings on the other, would be more in character. v See Spelman's Life of Alfred, fol. Oxon. 1678; Asser's Annals by Wise, 8vo. Oxon. 1722; and Wood's Colleges, p. 371. BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 15 The The OLD LIBRARY, built when the college was first erected, stood at the north-west corner of the large quad- rangle, opposite to the original chapel. Not only the founder, bishop Smyth, but John Longland, one of his successors, and several persons educated here, contributed books. Henry Mason, B. D. in the reign of James I. gave as many as were then valued at 10007. All these were carefully transferred to the NEW LIBRARY, which was finished in the year 1663. The design, as well as that of the present chapel, both which have been attributed to sir Christopher Wren, strongly marks the period of transition from our ancient architecture to the modern, and is singularly interesting as a connecting link. interior was fitted up, as it is now seen, under the super- intendence of Mr. Wyat in 1780; about the same time, and in a similar style, with the libraries of New College, Oriel, Balliol, &c. The necessity of a new arrangement of the books arose chiefly from the large collection be- stowed by the heirs of principal Yarborough, who died in 1770; the classical part of which is enriched by the manuscript notes and collections of the learned Wasse of Queen's college, Cambridge; the rival of the celebrated Bentley. Dr. Thomas Barker, who was rector of West Shefford ten years, and elected principal in 1777, contri- buted 3007. towards these improvements. Under the library were formerly cloisters, recently converted into rooms. (See the vignette, p. 16.) X The first CHAPEL used by the society was a small oratory over the buttery, at the south-west corner of the large quadrangle; which was converted into rooms x about the same time as the old library opposite. The foundation-stone of the NEW CHAPEL was laid June 26, x Now the COMMON ROOM of the fellows and masters of arts. 16 BRASENOSE COLLEGE. 1656; and it was finished in about ten years, being con- secrated by bishop Blandford on the 17th of November, 1666; the same ceremony having been performed by him in the preceding year for the new chapel of University college. Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, forcibly and illegally ejected by the parliamentary faction of the seventeenth century, had contributed 1850/. for a new edifice; and such was the liberality of the other members of the col- lege, that a sufficient sum was afterwards collected to finish both the chapel and the library. The present PRINCIPAL is the eighteenth from the foundation of the college. Of the fifteen PRELATES, who were educated here, and other eminent persons too nu- merous to be specified, the names are too well known and distinguished in the annals of universal biography to need repetition here. W.A.Delamotte del OJEWITT S PART OF THE LIBRARY, &c. y V. Wood's Annals by Gutch, II. ii. 593; and Colleges, p. 365. FMackenzie ZONE CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE Published June 11835 by J.11 Parker, Codford C.Tilt Fleet St London &J.Le Keux Harmondsworth. JLe Kes www OIT. HON MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. QUIMALY W.A.DELAM DELAMOTTE & PENS www www www. QU TQ SOI ONTOFOL OM STATUE OF THE FOUNDER. ww O.JEWITT Se CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. THE FOUNDER. Bishop Fox and Cardinal Wolsey close the long list of munificent and opulent prelates, who bestowed their wealth for the benefit of future genera- tions. The six colleges founded after the reformation are chiefly indebted to public-spirited laymen for their existence and support: but the name of Richard Fox, the founder of Corpus Christi college, is connected with that of Walter de Merton, of Wykeham, of Chichele, and of Waynflete. Like them, he possessed talents which qualified him for the highest employments in church and 31 B 2 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. state, and consequently recommended him to the confi- dence of his sovereign. Prelate, statesman, architect, soldierª, herald, and diplomatist, he appears to have combined extraordinary powers and capacities. The village of Ropesley, near Grantham, in Lincoln- shire, gave birth to this excellent man. Whether he re- ceived the first rudiments of his education at Boston or at Winchester, or at both these places, is not now mate- rial. It is agreed, that in due time he was sent by his parents to Magdalene college Oxford; where he soon dis- tinguished himself, but was obliged afterwards to remove to Cambridge on account of the plague. He was ad- mitted a student at Pembroke hall; of which society he was elected master in 1507, and retained that situation till 1517, though bishop of Winchester during the whole timed. Indeed he was so highly esteemed, that the uni- versity elected him their chancellor in 1500, the year in which he was translated from the see of Durham to that a In 1497 he defended his castle of Norham against king James IV. of Scotland, with equal skill, courage, and success; and in 1513 he attended king Henry VIII. in his expedition into France, being pre- sent at the capture of Teroüane. See Lord Bacon's History of Hen. vij. pp. 16, 173; Chalmers, pp. 263, 264; Hall, Holinshed, &c. b He was very skilful in the arrangement of public pageantries; and was therefore often employed to superintend court-ceremonials, &c. Ibid. and Warton's Hist. of Poetry, vol. II. PP. 202-3. c A clever letter addressed to the pope by Henry VII. printed by sir Henry Ellis, was probably written by bishop Fox. d He is said also to have improved his knowledge of divinity and canon law by a residence for some time in the university of Paris; where it is supposed he had his doctor's degree. We find him there so early as the reign of Richard III; being recommended by Morton, the exiled bishop of Ely, to the earl of Richmond, after- wards king Henry VII. This introduction led to his subsequent ad- vancement. Harpsfield assures us, that he was sacerdotio jam ini- tiatus,' when he went to Paris. Hist. Eccl. XV. sæc. c. xx. p. 643. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 3 of Winchester. He continued two years only in this high office; being employed, both before and afterwards, in various embassies, commissions, and treaties, of na- tional importance, at home and abroad, from 1487 to 1514. But, though Henry VII. had advanced our prelate to the highest honours, appointing him one of his execu- tors, and even selecting him to be sponsor to the young prince, afterwards king Henry VIII, it does not appear that his influence in the privy council of the new so- vereign was equal to that of Wolsey and Surrey. He therefore retired from court, together with archbishop Warham, in 1515. The manner in which he employed himself, during this retirement from political life, is evi- dent from his public works, and from the registers of his episcopal transactions. On all occasions he had displayed his munificent spirit, and his architectural taste; but particularly during the six years in which he sat at Durham; namely, from 1494 to 1500. He ex- pended large sums on improvements and additions to the episcopal palace, or castlef, as well as the repairs of the cathedral there. In 1522 he built and endowed a free school at Taunton, and another at Grantham: though e e These, for the diocese of Winchester only, from 1505 to 1526–7, occupy five volumes; one of which contains 150 leaves, or, as we now say, 300 pages. There is an abstract of their contents, and certain parts transcribed, among the antiquarian collections of Mr. Warton. MSS. penes Ed. f Bisshop Fox did much reparation of this dungeon: and he made beside in the Castelle a new kychen with the offices and many praty chaumbers.' Wood, from Leland's Itin. then in MS. See also Godwin de Præs. ap. Richardson. g The appointment of the master, who has a house adjoining to the school, is vested in the warden of New College for the time being; and it was further endowed in 1554 by William Wallbee, clerk, with B 2 4 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. his first intention was to build the latter at Ropesley, in a little grove adjoining to the house where he was born. But it is chiefly in the sanctuary of the cathedral at Winchester that he has exhibited the most elaborate and exquisite triumphs of human art, piety, and magnificence. His sepulchral chapel, on the south side of the sanctuary, is an extraordinary production of architectural ingenuityi. The bones of our ancient kings, buried in the cathe- dral, he carefully placed in chests, with proper inscrip- tions, on the walls which enclose the sanctuaryk. It is perhaps not generally known, that bishop Fox, in conjunction with his friend Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter, added considerably to the magnificence of Netley abbey¹; by rebuilding the roof of the south transept of the church there, in a style much resembling that of the sanctuary at Winchester before mentioned: his own arms property producing now about 367. per annum. The school-house, which still exhibits memorials of the founder, and the date of the foundation, stands on the south side of the castle green. h This is the term of distinction applied by the historian of Win- chester to the easternmost enclosure of the choir, where the work of bishop Fox is most conspicuous. He conjectures, that it was the in- tention of the bishop, if he had lived long enough, ‘to render the transepts purely Gothic,' &c. Prior Silkstede cooperated with bishop Fox in some of his architectural designs; his initials, with the arms of the priory and other devices, being often repeated. i There is an engraving of it in Milner's History of Winchester from a drawing by Mr. Cave; and another on a larger scale, in Mr. Skelton's Pietas Oxoniensis. k Godwin says, that the tombs of these kings deformed the cathe- dral, by the irregular and disorderly manner in which they occupied certain parts of it. That of William II. was left undisturbed. k 1 The enchanting ruins of Netley abbey still attest that he was a benefactor to that monastery.' Milner's Hist. of Winchester; 1.320; second edition, 1809. Mr. Warton, who visited the ruins in 1767, has recorded some interesting particulars in his manuscript journals. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 1 and devices, with those of Oldham, being placed at the intersection of the ribs of the groining. Having occupied the see of Bath and Wells during two years, he gave 100l. to the abbot and monks of Glas- tonbury by the hands of his first president, John Clay- mund. At an earlier period he had contributed largely to the new nave of St. Mary's church, in Oxford, being then bishop of Exeter. He was so generally regarded as a patron of literature, that a student of the university of Paris, of some celebrity, dedicated a treatise to him in 1509; and another, dedicated to him by one Richard Collingwood, is now among the MSS. given to this col- lege by the celebrated Thomas Allen of Glocester hall at the desire of Mr. Twyne. During the last ten years of his life this excellent prelate was afflicted with a total loss of sight. But this calamity seems only to have produced the effect of sti- mulating his patient and Christian spirit to still greater exertions for the benefit of mankind. During the twenty- seven years, in which he continued to hold the see of Winchester, there was no relaxation in his efforts to correct and improve every department under his care, whether ecclesiastical, monastic, or academical. His visitations of his diocese produced stricter discipline and residence among the clergy: his injunctions to the in- mates of the numerous convents under his jurisdiction were very frequent and minute: and the particulars of several of his visitations of New College, Magdalene, &c. are on record". m See his Letter to Wolsey, dated from Marwell, January 1527-8. Wilkins, Concil. III. 708. The autograph is in the British Museum, MSS. Cot. Faustina C. VII. n Particularly of New College in 1520; of Magdalene, in 1506 B 3 6 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. But the most permanently beneficial work in which he was engaged, and which had long occupied his thoughts, was the foundation of his college at Oxford. At first he appears to have meditated only a kind of nursery for the cathedral convent of St. Swithun at Winchester, after the manner of those for Canterbury and Durham, now merg- ed in the colleges of Christ Church and Trinity. For this purpose, by indenture dated 30 June, 1513, he had covenanted with his friend and coadjutor, prior Silkstede, and the said convent, to found a college for a warden and a certain number of monks and secular scholars; and had already begun to build on certain parcels of ground which he had purchased of Merton college, St. Frides- wide's priory, &c.; when by the persuasion of Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter, who with singular sagacity forewarned him of the approaching downfall of the mo- " and 1520. It appears from his visitation of 1506, that 'card-play- ing,' which the founder of Trinity college allows in his statutes during the Christmas vacation, provided it be not for money, was carried to excess at Magdalene in the time of bishop Fox. The complaint was, that three persons named 'tempore natalis Domini insimul una vice luserunt ad kardas infra præcinctum collegii; etiam quod alii luse- runt ad cardas extra collegium, et quod magister Carter lucratus fuit pecunias ad kardas.' It is added, 'quod nullus sociorum poterit se in hoc excusare.' One fellow is said to have been so common and notorious a player, or loser, that he was obliged to sell his books and academics to pay the stakes: Communis lusor ad cardas, in tantum quod vendidit libros et togas.' Other delinquencies are noticed, par- ticularly in dress; as, 'togis utitur non consutis usque ad umbili- cum.' Master Carter is accused of engaging in the feuds between the northern and southern students:-' in ultimo bello inter boreales et australes pugnasse contra boreales.' Another fellow left the college in the habit of a layman and dressed like a stage-player: veste laicali et more unius exercentis interludia. One slept out of college, at a house called The Taberd,' &c. The statements of these vari- ous delinquencies, and the answers of the fellows, occupy thirty pages of the Register, lib. II. 44-74. MSS. Warton penes Ed. > CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 17 nastic system, he was induced to remodel and enlarge his foundation, leave being obtained from the court of chancery, for the benefit of all such as should by their learning do good in the church and commonwealth".' The charter of this foundation, granted about four years afterwards under royal license from Henry VIII, is dated from the episcopal palace at Wolvesey castle, near Winchester, 1 March, 1516-7. It recites, that the college, henceforward to be called CORPUS CHRISTI college, is founded to the praise and honour of God Almighty, the most holy body of Christ, &c.P for one president and thirty scholars; or more or less, according to certain sta- tutes to be provided. Such statutes subsequently com- posed by the founder, were publicly read before many persons in the church of St. Cross near Winchester 9. He therein appoints for ever one president, twenty fel- lows, twenty scholars, two chaplains, two clerks and two choristers. The celebrity of this new foundation was rapidly spread over Europe; not only from the number of learned men whom bishop Fox invited to his college, but from the en- couragement given to classical literature by the appoint- ment of two public lecturers, who were to explain the best Greek and Latin authors to all students desirous of at- tending them. • Wood ap. Gutch, p. 389; from Holinshed, Harrison, &c. ℗ Here follow the patron saints of the respective sees of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, which the founder had enjoyed in succession. 4 June 20, 1517, according to Wood ap. Gutch, p. 391; but Mr. Chalmers says, the statutes are dated Feb. 13, 1527, in the 27th year of his translation to Winchester,' p. 270. This must be understood of the last revision of them a short time before the founder's death. r So Chalmers, p. 271. But Wood, referring to the Statutes cap. 22, mentions three lectures, to be performed by three of the fel- B 4 8 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. Having established his college on a permanent basis, he watched over it with parental care, and had the satis- faction of living many years to witness its prosperitys. He not only appointed the first president, but a perpetual vice-president, Robert Morwent; who was also to succeed Claymund in the headship, without the formality of an election. This he did more than twenty years after'. At length, oppressed with age and infirmities, ‘ætate confectus,' as he expresses it himself, this worthy prelate gradually sunk to the grave 14 Sept. 1528", and was bu- lows every week in the college hall: one for Humanity, which Ludo- vicus Vives read, namely the Latin lecture, the second for Greek, and the third for Divinity. Probably the two former were the only public lectures. Wood ap. Gutch, Colleges, &c. p. 392. 8 The phrases of 'collegium apum—alvearium nostrum,' &c. applied to this society in the founder's statutes, and elsewhere, as well as that of the 'mellifluous doctor' applied to Ludovicus Vives in a letter of the University to cardinal Wolsey, are supposed to have a double allu- sion to the industry of the students and the singular fact of a colony of bees having settled over the chamber occupied by Vives, at the west end of the old cloister; from which they were not dislodged till the parliamentary visitation in 1648; after which they are said to have instinctively fled. See Fuller, Plot, Wood, Gutch, &c. t In 1525 the bishop in his visitatorial capacity collated Ralph Barnacke, D. D., vicar of Adderbury, to the wardenship of Winchester college; the warden and fellows of New College not having nominated and presented to him, within the time limited by statute, proper persons for his choice. The society of Balliol college elected him their visitor; and three of their masters were admitted by him from 1511 to 1525. Before this time the admissions are uncertain. Wood says that Fox, in conjunction with lord Sandys, founded the guild and chapel of the Holy Ghost near Basingstoke, with a school, and a priest to teach and officiate there. It was dissolved by statute 1 Edw. VI. as a chantry, but restored as a school in queen Mary's reign by desire of Cardinal Pole. The ruins of the chapel still remain. " The place of his death is not recorded. It appears from the letter to Wolsey before mentioned, that he was at Marwell in the beginning of the year; and, as he was blind and infirm, it is probable that he did not remove far afterwards. F Mackenzie THE QUADRANGLE OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. Pubhahed June 11886 by JH.Parker, ford, CTilt Fleet St London, &JLe Keux Harmondsworth JLe Keux CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 9 ried with great solemnity beneath the floor of his own beautiful chapel. Harpsfield, who attended his funeral when a boy at Winchester school, has recorded some in- teresting particulars of his life; among others, that two hundred and twenty persons were fed at his table every day. To each of these he left by will not less than twenty pounds, with maintenance for a year after his decease. To others, according to their merits and condition, he left various sums of money in separate purses of leather, with their names respectively written thereon§. BENEFACTORS.-Though the founder had very liberally endowed his college, yet he received considerable assistance from his friend Hugh Oldham, bishop of Exeter; who very seasonably and bounti- fully contributed six thousand marks towards the buildings, adding also some valuable estates in land. His arms are therefore frequently seen in the college, with those of the see of Exeter. In compliment to him the founder set apart one fellowship and scholarship for a native of Lancashire, in which Oldham was born; and in his statutes he is called hujus nostri collegii præcipuus benefactor.' He appears to have been a prelate of an energetic character; famed more for piety than learning; frank, generous, and benevolent. Opposing what he considered an unjust decree of the court of Rome in a dispute between the abbot of Tavistock and himself, he had the distinguished honour of being excommunicated by the pope; and consequently died, as Godwin remarks, without absolution from his holiness, in June 1519. He founded a school at Manchester, in connection with the colleges of Corpus and Brasenose, in Oxford, and St. John's in Cambridge William Frost of Avington in Hampshire, a steward or bailiff of the founder, gave the manor of Maplederwell in 1518, on condition that one of his kindred, if duly qualified, should be elected. John Clay- mund, the first president, gave lands in Iffley, Heddington, Cowley, Littlemore, Sandford, and Marston; with money sufficient to purchase Rewley meadows in the suburbs of Oxford. Lands in Cowley and Horsepath, with the rectory of Heyford Purcell, and lands with the rectory of Duntesbourne Rouse (or Militis) were given by Robert y The revenues of the see of Winchester are stated in the bishop's register at 36917. 11s. 113d. in the year 1523. In bishop Wodelok's register they are valued at 12281. 19s. 1½d. He died in 1346. 10 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. Morwent, the second president. Many other benefactions are re- corded; particularly some estates at Lisington in Lincolnshire, left by sir George St. Paul about the year 1612, and augmented by his widow, afterwards the lady Frances countess of Warwick; 3000l. left by Dr. Arthur Parsons for the purchase of advowsons in 1693; and 500%. added for the same judicious purpose by Cuthbert Ellison, B. D. a fellow of the college, who died in 1719, aged forty-two, and is buried in the chapel. WADELAMOTTE CEL www TURNER'S NEW BUILDING. O JEWITT SC BUILDINGS.-Not fewer than five HALLS, besides gardens, occupied the site of this college before the founder began to build; Comer hall, Nun hall, Nevill's inn, Beke's inn, and Urban hall. The original fabric for the most part remains; consisting of a neat quad- rangle, about 100 feet by eighty, with various build- ings attached to it. A large doorway in good preser- vation, at the south east corner, has the founder's arms c The northern frontage of the college measures about 135 feet; exclusive of the enclosure eastward of the hall. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 11 richly coloured in the spandrels of the arch; and another on the east side leads to the hall and other parts of the college, chiefly of the founder's time. The tower gateway, with its vaulted roof of fanwork, over which were the president's lodgings in Claymund's time, is still seen to great advantage, when contrasted with the un- adorned character of the present walls on each side; though the grand effect of its elevation is diminished by the addition of a third story of modern work, in- stead of the characteristic chimneys and dormers repre- sented in the prints of Loggan and Williams. This ad- dition was made, chiefly at the expense of the society, about the year 1737; when also the western front was rebuilt and heightened, to correspond with it; and some rooms on the east side of the college, adjoining Merton grove, were taken down and rebuilt for the residence of six gentlemen cominoners. The COMMON ROOM, which is in this part of the college, called by Williams ‘Sala Communis,' a handsome and comfortable panelled room, was built in the year 1667. There is another common room for the use of the gentlemen commoners. The CHAPEL is at the south-east corner of the quad- rangle; to which the president has access by means of a long gallery communicating with his lodgings. It has undergone considerable alterations since it was finished in the founder's time, 1517. The altar of the holy Tri- d See Churton's Life of sir Richard Sutton, p. 440. In Loggan's time the lodgings were at the south-west angle of the college, as at present; but they have been since entirely rebuilt. There was an embattled wall formerly extending from the north-west angle of the college to the opposite wall with a plain gateway and doorway. The whole of this space once constituted a part of Schidyard street. e The chimneys were octangular; tall and slender, and in couples. The dormers were also double; consisting of ten square lights each, and rising alternately with the chimneys from the walls. 12 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. nity, or Frost's altar, at which an annual commemoration of William Frost was to be celebrated, was probably re- moved about thirty years afterwards; when every thing was made conformable to the simplicity of the reformed worship. This stood on the south side. But the greatest change took place in 1676–7; when the inner chapel, seventy feet by twenty-five, was wainscoted and panelled in its present state, and the whole divided by a screen of cedar. At the same time the floor was paved with black and white marble, the desks and stalls renewed, the roof newly painted and gilt, &c.; but all this, unfortunately, occasioned the necessity of removing some slabs and brasses to the outer chapel and the cloisters. That of Claymund, prepared by himself, with blanks left in the inscription for the date of his death, which was formerly in the middle of the inner chapel, remains nearly perfect on the south side of the outer chapel. In conformity with the monumental effigies of the founder at Win- chester, he is represented at full length as a skeleton in a shroud. The inscriptions on this and other monuments have been preserved by Wood and Gutch, pp. 401-413. The expense of the alterations abovementioned was chiefly defrayed by the contributions of the different mem- bers; one of whom, Richard Davys, M. A. chaplain of the college, gave 2207. It appears, that the east window was first blocked up to receive a copy of Guido's An- nunciation by Battoni, the gift of sir Christopher Wil- loughby, bart., of Baldon house. This has since been re- moved to Baldon church; and the present altar piece is an original picture by Rubens, from the collection of the prince of Condé at Chantilly, given to the society in 1804 f There is a much older example of this kind on a small brass near the north-west corner of the antechapel of New College. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 13 by sir Richard Worsley, bart. formerly a gentleman com- moner here. The subject is the Adoration; consisting of a group of five figures as large as life, with an in- fant Saviour. The modern CLOISTER, or rather arcade, on the south side of the chapel, was built in 1706 at the expense of Dr. Turner, the munificent president before- mentioned, to correspond with his NEW BUILDING oppo- site; when the old cloisters of the founder's time, north and south, and the adjoining buildings seen in Loggan's print, were removed. Many members of the college have been here interred; and the inscriptions placed on the mo- numents of some of them are classical and characteristic: one in particular to the memory of the late Dr. Williams, from the pen of an accomplished scholar nearly allied to him, which we here copy, will be long read with interest. A X Q SCIAS QVI HAEC TECVM CONTEMPLERIS MORTALITATIS DOCVMENTA MARMOR QVOD SPECTAS HONORARIVM GEORGIO WILLIAMS M. D. SOCIO VICE PRAESIDENTI BENEFACTORI IN ACADEMIA REI BOTANICAE PROFESSORI BIBLIOTHECAE CVSTODI RADCLIVIANAE PRAESIDENTEM ET SOCIOS C.C. C. PONENDVM CENSVISSE NE INTRA HOS PARIETES TITVLO CAREAT SODALIS MEMORIA CONIVNCTISSIMI NE TESTIMONIO GRATI COLLEGII PIETAS MOERENTIS DESIDERIA INERANT LECTOR IN HỌC VIRO MEDICO VERE CHRISTIANO SVMMA ERGA DEVM RELIGIO STABILIS IN MERITIS SERVATORIS NOSTRI FIDES ILLIBATA MORVM SANCTITAS MODESTIA PLANE SINGVLARIS INGENIVM IVDICII QVADAM SEVERITATE SVBACTVM ERVDITIO MVLTIPLEX LITERAE ELEGANTIORES AD LINACRI NORMAM PENITIORI MEDICINAE SCIENTIAE ET PHILOSOPHIAE DISCIPLINIS INSERVIENTES INTEREA ELVCEBANT PERSPICAX IN EXPENDENDIS RERVM MOMENTIS PRVDENTIA ANIMVS IN QVOTIDIANA VITAE CONSVETVDINE ERGA OMNES COMIS ET BENEVOLVS SVORVM SEMPER AMANTISSIMVS IN COLLEGIVM C. C. C. ASCITVS EST HANTONIENSIS A. D. M. DCC. LXXVII MORBO CONFECTVS OBDORMIVIT DIE xvii IAN A. D. M. DCCC. XXXIV. ANNVM AGENS SEPTVAGESIMVM PRIMVM IN COEMETERIO SANCTI PETRI IN ORIENTE EIVSDEM VICI INCOLA SEPVLTVS HIC IVXTA CINERES AVVNCVLI CENOTAPHIO DONATVS EST. 14 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. The HALL, finished in 1516, occupies a large part of the eastern side of the quadrangle, and displays much of its ancient magnificence; particularly its venerable timber roof, louvre, and north window: but many of the he_ raldic embellishments have disappeared, the windows being modernized; probably in 1700, when the walls were lined anew with wainscot oak, finely carved. The proportions of this room are excellent; being about fifty feet by twenty-five, and of a correspondent height. The LIBRARY, extending in a line with the cha- pel, along the whole length of the south side of the quadrangle, forms a part of the founder's original de- sign. In the president's gallery below, among the por- traits of the seven bishops sent to the tower, is a curious one of the founder, after he had become blind, painted by Corvus, a Flemish painter. It was cleaned and restored by John Hooker of Exeter, in 1579; and was afterwards engraved for Fiddes' life of Wolseyº. The contents of the library are very valuable. The founder himself enriched it with a rare collection of the earliest printed books, a set of the Aldine classics, and a great number of manuscripts, both on vellum and pa- per; which are in fine preservation. Many subsequent benefactors have also contributed; among others, presi- dent Rainolds, John Rosewell, Cuthbert Ellison, Thomas Turner, Henry lord Colerane, president Randolph, &c. The NEW BUILDING, on the south side of the college, g In this gallery is also a fine old portrait on panel of Richard Pate, esq., a benefactor to the college, and founder of the freeschool at Cheltenham. He died in 1588, aged seventy-three; and his monu- ment, in Gloucester cathedral, was renewed a century afterwards at the expense of the college. The portrait has the date of 1550, ætatis suæ 34; with a Latin distich annexed. CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 15 < commonly called the Fellows' building,' has been very justly admired for its elegant simplicity and the ex- cellence of its masonry. The rooms are well propor- tioned, and command pleasing views. The expense of this building, amounting to six thousand pounds, was en- tirely defrayed by Dr. Thomas Turner, president of the college from 1688 to 1714i. The interior of the great quadrangle was cased with substantial Barrington stone about thirty years since. Originally the walls were faced with a hard mixture of stucco and rough-cast, in square compartments; such as may still be seen on the south side of the library, on both sides of the chapel, and the old part of the gentlemen commoners' court, called by Williams Atrium Commen- salium.' Its appearance is neat, and in durability it seems superior to the generality of Heddington stone. EMINENT MEN. Few colleges have produced, in pro- portion to their magnitude, a more brilliant display of learned and eminent persons than the foundation of bi- shop Fox; but, as our limits prevent us from doing jus- h The direction which the old city wall takes here, by the lime trees in the fellows' garden, and westward towards St. Michael's at South- gate, proves it to have been prior to the eighth century; when the priory of St. Frideswide was founded on the site of it, and other walls were built further to the south, to enclose the precincts. i The design has been traditionally attributed to the well known taste and skill of dean Aldrich, who died in 1710. The date of the building is 1706; the very year in which the foundation stones of three sides of Peckwater quadrangle were laid by the same accom- plished scholar and architect, assisted by James Cecil, earl of Salisbury, and Dr. John Hammond. The late ingenious Mr. Dallaway assigns only two edifices in Oxford to the practical plans of the dean; Peck- water, and All Saints' Church. See Anecdotes of the Arts, &c.; Lond. 1800 and Observations on Architecture, &c.; reprinted in another form, 1806. 16 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. tice to the catalogue, we can only select a few. Among the foremost stand the names of Ludovicus Vives, car- dinal Pole, Rainolds, Jewel, Hooker, Twyne, the 'ever memorable' John Hales, Pocock, Chishul, Fiddes, Burton, dean Milles, sir Ashton Lever, and many others of more recent datek. WA.DELAMOTTE DEL www 6.JEWITT, Se CLOISTER, CHAPEL, LIBRARY, &c. k One celebrated member of this college, who was a great benefac- tor to the city, as well as to several colleges in the university, deserves a distinct notice here. We allude to John Claymund, B. D. whom we have incidentally mentioned in page 12, and other parts of this work. He was born at Frampton in Lincolnshire about 1457, elected president of Magdalene college in 1504, and appointed by bishop Fox the first president of C. C. C. in 1516-7. He was also for some time master of St. Cross near Winchester. At Brasenose college he pro- vided for six exhibitioners, called after him Claymondines. His bene- factions to St. Clement's parish we have already recorded. He paved the street between Southgate and the bridge, and repaired the bridge itself. John Shepreve, whose manuscript Life of him is in Corpus li- brary, sums up his useful works in these two lines: Hic quocunque pedes, quocunque reflectis ocellos, Undique Claymundi munera magna patent.' FMackenzie 001 TRINITY COLLEGE. FROM THE GARDEN Puhhahed Aug 11835.by J.H.Parker, Oxford. C.Tilt Fleet St London. &JLe Keux. Harmondsworth J. Le Keus MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. กา BURDASANTER ALLE-CAM ANTANEUSTERINE IZMEET MAHUARETS SANTANDEN WADELAMU Ire OJEWITT 20 THE FOUNDER'S TOMB. TRINITY COLLEGE. A NEW æra in our academical annals commences with the establishment of this society. It stands at the head of those colleges which have been founded since the dis- solution of monasteries: and sir Thomas Pope has the distinguished honour of being the first layman, who be- stowed on the university a portion of the wealth which came into general circulation upon that event. He seems indeed to have considered it an act of common justice as well as policy, to contribute to the restoration of these seats of learning: and, fortunately, other kindred spirits soon followed his example a. a Sir Thomas White, who was a particular friend of sir Thomas Pope, founded St. John's college within a short time after. 33 B 20 TRINITY COLLEGE. Among the various instances of spoliation, which dis- graced the cause of the reformation, nothing appears more arbitrary than the entire suppression of Durham college; one half of its members consisting of lay scholars but, because the other half were Benedictine monks, and it was originally founded as a nursery for the Benedictine priory at Durham, by a kind of con- structive argument it was condemned to dissolution; and its revenues transferred to the new dean and chapter of Durham. The site and buildings, however, were rescued from demolition: Dr. Walter Wright having occupied them for a considerable number of years under the title of principal of Durham hall or college; being arch- deacon of Oxford, and often vice-chancellor of the uni- versity till 1553b; about which time he removed to Exeter college, where he died in his own chamber in 1560-61. These particulars are mentioned, in order to connect the history of Durham college with that of the modern establishment engrafted upon it: for we should entertain a superficial view of this establishment, if we did not examine the foundation, of which it is the super- structure. This will be discovered, on a careful investi- gation of authentic documents, to be intimately blended with the earliest history of the university. DURHAM COLLEGE. The first grant of an inclosure of land in Oxford, made to God and our Lady, and to b In 1548 Peter Martyr and others met at his lodgings here by appointment, to discuss certain theological questions arising out of the reformation of religion. See Wood's Annals, II. 90. c Sir Thomas Pope seems to have had the ancient foundation con- stantly in view. His first design contemplated the same number of secular scholars; the dedication to the Holy Trinity is repeated; and some parts of the statutes of bishop Hatfield are copied. TRINITY COLLEGE. 3 St. Cuthbert, and to the prior and convent of Durham, is dated about the year 1286. It is conveyed in a char- ter from Mabella Wafre, abbess of Godstow; and con- sists of nearly the same ground which now forms the site of Trinity college: to which other plots of ground in Magdalene parish were added and confirmed to them about the same time from St. Frideswide's priory; which being afterwards rented of them by the college of St. Bernard, were after the dissolution purchased by sir Thomas White, and now form the site of St. John's col- lege. These premises, before the last mentioned addi- tions were made to them, are described as extending along a certain ditchd crossing Beaumont quite to the walls of the city in Horsemonger street, and compre- hending all the void ground beside Perilous hall, now Kettel hall, towards the south; one head of the said land abutting against the king's highway of Beaumonte to- ward the east. All these grants were confirmed to them by patent 20 Ed. I. The Benedictines thus settled in Oxford became at length so celebrated, that a provincial superior of their order was stationed here as prior stu- dentium,' or 'doctor theologiæ,' under the patronage of the convent at Durham: and several bishops of that see became their benefactors. Richard Angervyle, or de Bury, who has immortalized himself by the name of Philobiblos f, was induced by the fame of these Benedic- C d This has been understood to mean Canditch, Candida fossa;' and Durham college is certainly often described in ancient docu- ments as situated upon Canditch: but here the word seems to relate to some northern boundary. See Warton's App. No. VI. e Called by sir Thomas Pope in his statutes, via regia juxta Au- gustinenses;' Wadham college not being then founded. f Dr. Caius about the latter end of the reign of Henry VIII. saw and read here the identical manuscript of this work. B 2 4 TRINITY COLLEGE. tines to leave his great collection of books to the society; and from his liberal design of extending the use of them to all students he is said to have founded the first public library in the university: though the building in- tended for the reception of them seems not to have been built till after his death in 1345. Between that time and the death of his successor in the see, which was in 1381, not only the library, but the greater part of the old range of building on that side, with the walls of sub- stantial stone still remaining which enclose the presi- dent's garden, may probably have been constructed. The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, to St. Mary, and to St. Cuthbert, the patron saint of Durham, has been understood to have been completed before; and, as stated by Wood and Stevens, about the year 1330%; probably because the deed of composition is extant, dated 1326, in which a stipulated sum is agreed to be paid for oblations in the chapel then to be built. Some authors are of opinion, that in or about these suburbs there was a college or receptacle for the monks of Durham forty-three years before Richard de Bury be- came bishop of that see; that is, about the year 1290, when Richard de Hoton was prior of these Benedictines. g King Edward's license of mortmain contains a stipulation with Richard de Bury, dated in 1339, that the bishop or his successors should build within three years from that time, quandam ecclesiam et domos pro mora ipsorum prioris et monachorum competentes,' &c. It is evident therefore, that the date of 1330 must have been assumed or mistaken; that the work was suspended from some cause or other; and that though bishop Hatfield was the great cofounder with Ed- ward III, yet the turbulence of the times prevented the fulfilment of his whole design. A document printed by Wilkins, Concil. II. 620, dated 1403, explains in some degree the delays and interruptions, which prevented the completion of the endowment by Richard II. TRINITY COLLEGE. 5 < Others who preceded him in that office, as Hugo de Darlington in 1285, had sent students to Oxford, and supported them there with a sufficient maintenance: but prior Richard seems to be the first who procured for them considerable grants of land, amounting altogether to about ten acres, and thus secured to them a settled habitation. It is even stated expressly, that he began or gave orders to build, ædificare fecit;' but there is no record of any particular edifice, or chambers for stu- dents, prior to the alleged date of the chapel; nor is it easy to ascertain the date of the chapel itself. Yet the probability is, that some inferior buildings preceded the chapel; and there is a doorway still remaining under the library, and another may be seen in Loggan's view of the old quadrangle, corresponding in style with some of the oldest parts of Merton college. It does not ap- pear that Richard de Bury built any thing here; but the donation of his library naturally led his successor, bishop Hatfield, to construct a well proportioned room for the reception of it, and probably suggested his noble endowment and enlargement of the foundation: which at his death in 1381 consisted of eight fellows, who were to be priests or monks, one being warden or prior, and eight secular scholars; the former to receive 107. per annum each, and the latter five marks. He also left 4000 marks in the hands of trustees for the perpetual use of the college h. King Richard II. became so great h Yet the bull of pope Urban VI. says, 'morte præventus hujus- modi propositum minime adimplevit.' Dat. Januæ viij. id. Nov. 1387. V. Wilkins, Concil. II. 618-20. Two elegantly formed gable win- dows remain in the old buildings of a date certainly subsequent to this; one at the end of the president's drawing-room, now closed up, B 3 6 TRINITY COLLEGE. a benefactor by the grant of four additional advowsons, that from this cause, and from the original agreement between king Edward III. and Richard de Bury, in 1339, respecting the impropriation of Symondburn, the establishment is described in some ancient charters as a royal foundation i. The history of this foundation was too interesting to escape the notice of sir Thomas Pope. He therefore pur- chased the site and buildings, 20 Feb. 1554-5, of Dr. George Owen and William Martyn, gent., to whom a grant of them had been made a short time before from the crown; and here he founded the present college, dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity.' 6 and the other filled with painted glass, adjoining the common room. The latter has this inscription on scrolls in the upper compartments: ´ Will'mus Ebchester huius custos collegii. Dominus vobiscum.' Ebchester ceased to be warden in 1446, being then elected prior of Durham, where he died and was buried in 1456. i The words 'ex fundatione nostra' occur in two royal patents: one a license of mortmain 10 Ric. ij, the other an exemplification by in- speximus, 7 Hen. iv. It appears from the tenor of some petitions to the court of Rome, that king Richard ij. pleaded his inability to complete his intended endowment: but in one of them it is said, 'potuisset, si voluisset, commode dotavisse.' Wilkins, ibid. It is somewhat remarkable, that within a short time after the dissolu- tion of this house, when the site, premises, and estates, were all consigned to the dean and chapter of Durham, the crown obtained a resumption of the said site and premises from that body. This document having been discovered in the Augmentation office by the late Mr. Caley, since Warton and Chalmers wrote, a copy of it has been faithfully transcribed by a gentleman of the college whose re- searches are of the persevering kind. To the same gentleman the editor is indebted for a copy of the Survey of Durham and Bernard colleges, made in the reign of Henry viij. probably about the same time, and preserved in the chapter house at Westminster. TRINITY COLLEGE. my SIR THOMAS POPE.-The life and character of this munificent founder having employed the pen of one of the most distinguished scholars of the last age, there will be less occasion to dilate on the subject in this work. Mr. Warton has faithfully traced his career, from his birth at Deddington to the completion of his education at the schools of Banbury and Eton; whence he removed to Gray's Inn, and became in a short time an eminent. lawyer being in 1533, at the age of 25, clerk of the briefs of the Star Chamber and clerk of the crown in chancery. These two grants were subsequently confirmed to him in conjunction with others. He was afterwards promoted to offices of the highest trust and importance, received the honour of knighthood, and became a member of the king's privy council. In 1536 he was constituted by Henry VIII. treasurer of the court of augmentations, then first established by act of parliament: which office he held five years, being in the meantime appointed master or treasurer of the Jewel house in the Tower of London; in addition to the wardenship of the Mint, Exchange and Coinage, which he held from 1535 to 1543. He died at Clerkenwell, Jan. 29, 1558-9. An additament to his statutes is dated thence, 10 Sept. 1557; but the last is from Tittenhanger, 4 Oct. 1558. Among other particulars recorded of him may be men- tioned his unremitting attention to the concerns of the college, and his kindness to the individuals composing it; for whom during his lifetime he paid all the public expenses of degrees, determinations and regencies k. In imitation of Fox and Wolsey, sir Thomas Pope, who had imbibed a taste for classical literature at Eton, took care to provide in his statutes for the due cultiva- k See Warton's Appendix, No. XXIX; and p. 125, et seq. B 4 8 TRINITY COLLEGE. tion of the Greek and Latin languages; the former of which, he observes in one of his letters, was falling into neglect. He appoints two regular lecturers in the de- partments of philosophy and rhetoric; the latter of whom is to take special care not to leave his pupils ignorant of the Greek tongue; and each student, before he obtains his grace for his master's degree, must read before the president one volume at least of Greek logic or Greek phi- losophy¹. This plan of study was inspected and approved by the princess Elizabeth, afterwards queen of England, who was placed by queen Mary under the care and cus- tody of sir Thomas Pope at Hatfield-house in Hertford- shire; where she remained till she succeeded to the throne of her sister who died Nov. 17, 1558. 1 Yet, strange as it may appear, certain popular writers have lately asserted, that sir Thomas Pope, contrary to the advice of Car- dinal Pole, resisted the introduction of Greek into his college! His primary object was, that the youth of his foundation should be in- structed in the purity of the LATIN tongue, and the rudiments of the liberal ARTS ;' but he adds, as a reason why he insists on this, 'quo facilius inde ac tutius ad graviora studia sese conferant. Great lati- tude is allowed to the lecturers; and, even where Latin authors are specified, the lecturer is at liberty under certain circumstances to ex- change them for Greek, in Græcam aliquam lectionem transferre.' The lecturer in Philosophy is to instruct his auditors, if they require it, in arithmetic, in geometry, and in those parts of logic called Inven- tion and Judgment; but he is not circumscribed within any limits or restrictions whatever: for, according to the capacity of his audience. and other circumstances, he may pursue at his discretion 'quodcun- que voluerit philosophiæ genus.' Though certain authors also are named in this department, as, in arithmetic, Gemmephriseus (Gemma of Friesland) or Tunstal of Durham; in geometry, Euclid; in dia- lectics, (or logic,) Porphyry, Aristotle, Rodolph Agricola, Joannes Cæsarius; in philosophy, Aristotle and Plato; yet, if the lecturers obtain the sanction of the society, alius quivis in dictis facultatibus scriptor libere ab iisdem prælegatur.' V. Stat. cap. 15, 16. EMackenzie. HIS THE CHAPEL, TRINITY COLLEGE. Published Ang 11835 by JII.Parker, Oxford. C Tilt. Fleet St London.&JLe Keux Hammondsworth. J.Le Heux TRINITY COLLEGE. 9 BENEFACTORS.-The foundation of sir Thomas Pope was suffi- ciently ample to account for the absence of any considerable benefac- tions since. Very few additions have been made to its revenues, ex- cept for some distinct object; as the bequest of 1001. by Richard Blount, Esq. of London, nephew to dame Elizabeth Paulet, the founder's widow, was for the maintenance of an exhibitioner. This still continues: but lady Paulet, in whose hands the money was placed, having covenanted to give to the college the rectory and advowson of the vicarage of Ridge in Hertfordshire, for the maintenance of the said exhibitioner and for other purposes, a suit in chancery took place in the reign of Charles II; which ended in the loss of the intended benefaction, and the settlement of a fixed annual rent instead. Dame Catharine Constable of Yorkshire gave 10l. per annum for another exhibitioner; but the benefaction was never received by the college. A very seasonable deposit of 1601. by sir Robert Napier of Luton, for the use of the college, in 1647, ought not to be overlooked. John Whetstone of Rodden in Dorsetshire, a merchant, at the re- quest of Mr. Ralph Ironside, father of bishop Gilbert Ironside, be- queathed 5007, with which lands were purchased at Oakley, Brill, and Ickford; and Edward Bathurst, B. D. a brother of Dr. Bathurst, left a small estate at Thorpe Mandeville in Northamptonshire, for certain objects mentioned in his will, 1667. But the greatest bene- factor since the foundation of the college was Dr. Bathurst himself; who was president from 1664 to 1704: under whose government and influence, being dean of Wells and allied to several noble fami- lies, the society was advanced to the highest degree of prosperity, and the buildings much increased; chiefly by contributions solicited from various quarters, aided by his own liberal donations. Among his various benefactions may be recorded these: The fabric of the new chapel raised from the ground at his sole expense: the upper library entirely furnished with books, presses, and shelves; with a new stair- case leading to the same: another staircase, with other improvements, at the lodgings; since altered in the course of modern repairs: a new building eastward of the chapel, for the use and benefit of the presi- dent for the time being: and the patronage of the rectory of Odding- ton upon Otmore, in the county of Oxford, which in 1700 he pur- chased for 4007. and settled on the presidents, his successors, for ever; who are to nominate a fellow. Thomas Rowney, esq. of Oxford, who had been steward of this and some other colleges, for a mere nominal sum, to enable him to make a deed of sale to the society on his own terms, conveyed to them for ever the rectory of Rotherfield-Greys in the same county. The perpetual advowson of the rectory of Faru- 10 TRINITY COLLEGE. ham in Essex, was given by Dr. Hale, a physician. The probate of his will is dated 1 Oct. 1728. John Geale, clerk, of Bishop's Lydeard, near Taunton, by will dated 15 May, 1732, bequeathed to the college the donative of Hillfarrance, in Somersetshire; to be given to any person who is the son of a clergyman. An advowson-fund having been recently established by the society, the late Henry Kett, B. D. many years fellow and tutor in the college, left a benefaction of 500l. in aid of the said fund, which was received by the society in 1825. The late venerable Mr. Price, the well-known librarian of the Bodleian, who migrated from Jesus College in 1789, and long occupied rooms here over the entrance gateway, was also a considerable benefactor. We omit the particulars of other benefactors, because they are entered in the college registers; many of which contain their armorial escutcheons and other ornaments. KA 100 wwww ww O JEWITT R WIA.DELAMOTTE DEL. THE HALL; &c. BUILDINGS. Sir Thomas Pope seems to have been more attentive to the substantial endowment of his col- lege than to the embellishment of its architecture. The buildings of Durham college, though considerably dilapi- dated, according to Wood's statement, were by him ra- ther repaired for present use than for ornament.' A por- TRINITY COLLEGE. 11 tion of the original battlement of the fourteenth century appears in Loggan's view of the old quadrangle, at which time only the north side of the new building was finished. The remainder of the battlement was probably taken down when the third story began to be built. THE HALL. The original hall, or refectory of Dur- ham college, was much smaller than the present. It had a clock, and a leaden roof concealed by a battlement on the side fronting the quadrangle, which probably ran in a line with that portion observable in Loggan's print m. This was entirely rebuilt in 1618-20; with rooms over it, and spacious cellars beneath; the college expending 3007. on the work; which was further promoted by the contributions of several benefactors. It being found ne- cessary to reconstruct the roof about thirty years since, the original ogee pediments were exchanged for a regular line of battlement. The interior of the hall was ornament- ed with a new ceiling, wainscot, chimney-piece, arms of benefactors, &c., as it now appears, about the year 1772; but the portrait of the founder at the upper end was painted by Francis Potter, a curious mechanic and ma- thematician, and a member of the college, about 1637. Other interesting portraits have lately been added; among which are those of archbishop Sheldon, lord North, lord Chatham, Mr. Warton, &c. Some also have been trans- ferred from the old bursary and other parts of the col- lege; particularly, a valuable one of lady Paulet. m I have been informed,' says Wood, by ancient scholars, that there were in the old windows the effigies of several saints, of whom St. Cuthbert was one; as also the arms of divers benefactors, with inscriptions, and other matters of antiquity.' It is probable, that most. of these matters of antiquity,' instead of being destroyed, are now in the windows of the library. See page 13, note º. 12 TRINITY COLLEGE. THE LIBRARY. The present library is the same which contained the books collected and bequeathed to the scho- lars of this house, and to the university at large, by Richard de Bury. On the suppression of this and other religious establishments in the reign of Henry VIII, some of the books were removed to duke Humphrey's li- brary; and some are said to be in the library of Balliol college. Dr. Owen probably had the disposal of them. At what time the handsome window at the south end was obstructed by the division of the room into two stories, does not sufficiently appear: but the oak stalls or bookcases, four on each side, were erected about the beginning of the seventeenth century, in consequence of a legacy of 1577. 14s. and a considerable number of books, left by Edward Hyndmer, who had been a fellow of the college, and died in 1618. The founder himself began the present collection of books, by sending nearly one hundred manuscripts and printed volumes, chiefly in folio but the most permanent benefactor was Mr. Richard Rands, rector of Hartfield, Sussex, of whom there is a portrait in the hall; who by will dated 30 June, 1640, left 207. per annum for ever, for the use of the library. The painted glass in the windows is very an- cient and curious; particularly the figures of the four evangelists, of Edward the Third and his queen Phi- lippa, of St. Cuthbert, &c. St. Thomas à Becket is re- n His nephew, Edmund Hutchins, lord of the manor of Dumbleton, followed his example in 1592; of whom the following memorial, probably from his own hand, when scholar of the college, is cut on a square tablet of freestone inserted in the outer wall of the present bursary, described by Warton and Chalmers as being on a buttress: IйS: HAVE: MR.ŌE HVTCHINS. A. D. 1558. • A.D. Jesus, have mercy on Edmund Hutchins. A. D. 1558. TRINITY COLLEGE. 13 presented with a fragment of the dagger of Fitz-Urse in his forehead º. THE OLD CHAPEL, &c.; FROM LOGGAN; 1675. THE CHAPEL. Of the size and exterior of the old chapel of Durham college some idea may be formed from Loggan's view. For a description of the interior we must refer the reader to Wood, Aubrey, and Ste- vens P. This was so completely desecrated by the in- junctions of the puritanical bishop Horn, and afterwards during the usurpation, that, though repaired by pre- sident Bathurst soon after the restoration, he came to o It is remarkable that Aubrey, though he mentions the 'admirable Gothic painted glass' in the windows of the old chapel, where every column' (i. e. light,, or division) had a distinct figure, St. Catharine, St. Cuthbert, St. Oswald, &c. yet takes no notice of any glass of the kind in the library. Wood is also silent on the subject. See note m. P Vid. Additions to the Monasticon, I. 343; where is an account of the persons buried in the chapel, of whom warden Appylby occurs the first in 1413. In the outer chapel were the altars of St. Nicholas and St. Catharine; and on the screen was the following distich: Terras Cuthberti qui non spoliare verentur Esse queant certi quod morte mala morientur. 14 TRINITY COLLEGE. 1 the resolution, in the latter part of his presidentship, of taking it entirely down, with the concurrence of the society, and of rebuilding it with enlarged dimensions in the style of that day: all which he did at his own ex- pense; leaving only the embellishments of the interior to be finished by the contributions of others, solicited by himself. The Grecian Orders were at that time com- pletely established; and perhaps this is, according to its scale, one of the most favourable specimens of the Co- rinthian to be found in England. The gateway and tower, being distinct from the chapel, are of the Ionic order. The carving of the interior by Gibbons, particu- larly of the cedar screen and altarpiece, is unrivalled. How much the original design of dean Aldrich was im- proved by the suggestions of sir Christopher Wren, may be seen by comparing the existing fabric with the pro- jected plan. It was begun in 1691, and consecrated in 1694. The first person interred in the antechapel of the new structure was Josias How, at the age of ninety; who being bursar when the parliamentary visitors demanded the surrender of all college papers, &c. very properly secured them by taking them into the country with him till after the Restoration. Near his venerable remains are those of Dr. Bathurst, Mr. Almont, Mr. Warton, pre- sidents Sykes, Dobson, Huddesford, Lee, &c. In the old chapel were buried the wardens and other members of Durham college, presidents Yeldard, Harris, and Potter, and Thomas Allen, the celebrated mathematician. Ket- tell and Hawes were buried in Garsington chancel. THE NEW BUILDING. Sir Christopher Wren com- posed a most magnificent design for a new building, fronting the garden, in imitation of the expanding wings of Versailles, as at New college; which, if completely TRINITY COLLEGE. 15 executed, would have led to the sacrifice of almost every vestige of Durham college. It is engraved in Skelton's Oxonia, from the plate by Vertue attached to the Oxford Almanack for the year 1732. The north wing was finished in 1667, being the first specimen of the new style then introduced. The side fronting the garden was completed in 1682, the date being still visible; but the intermediate line of building, between the first quad- rangle and the second, was not altered to its present state till 1728. The garrets on the other two sides were converted into an attic story by a subscription among the members of the college about 1805. EMINENT MEN. The second president, Dr. Arthur Yeldard, was employed when a fellow by the founder in compiling his statutes; and we find him afterwards among the persons delegated to revise and correct the university statutes in the reign of queen Elizabeth. His various works are enumerated by Mr. Warton; who has also borne testimony to the respective attainments of Robert Harris, Seth Ward, Dr. Ralph Bathurst, and others. Dr. Sykes was Margaret professor of divinity from 1691 to 1705. Of the fourteen prelates educated here, including archbishop Sheldon, more than one half were contemporaries of Dr. Bathurst; in whose time the college was in a very flourishing state: reckoning among its members Selden, Chillingworth, Gellibrand the mathematician, Arthur Wilson, sir Henry Blount, sir James Harrington, George and John Evelyn, Whitby, Highmore, and Derham, the author of Physico Astro and Christo-Theology, who commenced his career in 1675 as a servitor, and in 1730, at the age of 73, received from the university the distinguished honour of D. D. by diploma. To these names may be added; among noblemen, William, first 16 TRINITY COLLEGE. earl of Downe, Thomas lord Wentworth and his bro- ther in 1602, George Calvert, first lord Baltimore, An- thony earl of Shaftesbury, the author of the Charac- teristics, lord Somers, the earl of Chatham, lord North, prime minister, afterwards earl of Guilford, with many others; among poets, sir John Denham, Crashawe, Lodge, Settle, Glanville, Manning, Merrick, Headley, Warton, BOWLES; Ludlow, and Ireton, and some other republican chiefs; Henry Birkhead, founder of the poetry lecture; John Bampton, founder of the lec- ture-sermons called after his name; Dr. Addington, the physician, father of the present lord viscount Sid- mouth; among antiquaries, sir Edward Bysshe, Smart Lethieullier esq. Francis Wise, and Andrew Coltée Du- carel, LL. D. who was admitted a gentleman commoner here in 1731, and afterwards migrated to St. John's col- lege 4. 888 10000 W.A.DELAMOTTE DEL THE PRESIDENT'S LODGINGS. O.JEWITT SG q His brother James was also admitted here of the same rank, 13 Feb. 1732-3. They were both natives of Paris. F Mackenzie רר! FRONT OF SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE. Published Dec 11836 by J. H.Parker, Oxford, C.Tilt. Fleet St London:&J.Le Heux, Harmondsworth, J. Le Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. DELAMOTTE DEL سي C JEWITT SO INTERIOR OF THE OLD QUADRANGLE. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. ALTHOUGH the endowment of this college is de- rived from the munificence of sir Thomas White, yet a great part of the site, and a considerable portion of the buildings, must be referred to the original establish- ment of a college of Cistercians founded here by arch- bishop Chichele about the year 1436-1437; being nearly coeval with his foundation of All Souls'. In accordance with our general plan we shall therefore distinctly, but briefly, notice the origin of both establishments. ST. BERNARD'S COLLEGE.-Many scholars of the Cistercian order, which had been recently reformed by St. Bernard, being desirous of prosecuting their studies in Oxford, in some place appropriated to themselves, in- stead of being scattered in inns, halls, or hotels; the libe- 36 B 2 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. rality of Chichele induced him to petition the king in their behalf. Accordingly he obtained the royal license, dated 20 March, 15 Hen. VI.a to erect a college to the honour of the most glorious virgin St. Mary, and St. Bernard, in the street commonly called Northgate street, in the parish of St. Mary Magdalene without North- gate, and on the ground of the said archbishop, contain- ing five acres or thereabouts, which he held of the king in capite. This he did (continues Wood) building it of free stone in the same place afore specified, on the east side of that street, and after the same mode and fashion, for matter of workmanship, as his college after- wards of All Souls' was built? It does not appear, that these Cistercians had any endowments in lands or tene- ments; being supported by the rich abbeys of their order as the Augustinians and others were at St. Mary's college and elsewhere. They were governed by a provisor, prior, or supervisor; subordinate to the chan- cellor of the University, who was their visitor: they had also their own lecturers in logic and philosophy, main- tained by themselves, and chosen by the provisor with the concurrence of three of the seniors of the house. p. 52. a Wood's MSS. Ashm. 8491. Stevens' Suppl. vol. II. b In a MS. life of Chichele by Dr. R. Hoveden, warden of All Souls', written about 1574, it is stated, that the archbishop intended this college at first for academical scholars; but, disliking the situa- tion, left it to the Cistercians, and built All Souls'. Stevens, ibid. from Wood, &c. c The abbot and convent of Rewley were bound to maintain one or two here, at an annual allowance of 71. See Val. Eccl. Hen. viij. vol. II. 255. This society is described by Polydore Virgil as flourish- ing in his time: this college and All Souls' being considered by him as 'two altars of all virtues, quarum sanè opus in iis coenobiis etiam nunc maximè fervet; sic ut nullus autoris neque labor neque im- pensa perierit.' Ed. Basil. 1576. p. 492. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 3 This establishment, being of the monastic kind, was of course dissolved in the reign of Hen. VIII; and the pre- mises, consisting of the whole site and precincts, with a moiety of the ground called the Grove, formerly belonging to the monks of Durham, were consigned in 1546-7 to the king's new foundation at Christ Church of which society they were purchased by sir Thomas White, May 25, 1555, on payment of an annual acknowledgment or quitrent of twenty shillings. : ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.-Four days after the purchase above mentioned was made, May 29, sir Thomas White, by virtue of a royal license previously obtained by letters patent, founded the present college by the title of St. John Baptiste college in the university of Oxford.' The letters patent are dated May 1, 1555; and on the 18th of June in the same year possession was taken according to the form and effect of the founder's charter, delivered to the first president Alexander Belsire, B. D. and three scholars, in the name of more to be added hereafter. Sir Thomas accordingly having made considerable additions to his endowment, and to the number of his scholars, reconstructed his foundation, and issued a new charter, dated 5 March, 4th and 5th of Philip and Mary, 1557. This latter date therefore has been generally followed in all descriptions of the college, and in the University Calendars; the foundation not being complete before. SIR THOMAS WHITE.-This excellent man, one of the noblest of founders in the list of laymen, was born at Reading in the year 14924. His father, William White, was a native of Rickmansworth; where he some time lived as a respectable clothier, but left that town, and set- d Coates, Hist. of Reading, p. 405. So also Chalmers; whose ac- count is chiefly derived from that of Coates. B 2 4 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. tled at Reading, before the birth of his son. His mother was Mary, the daughter of John Keblewhite of South Fawley in Berkshire. Sir Thomas, who had been placed at an early age under the care of a respectable tradesman or merchant of London, on the death of his father in 1523 commenced business on his own account; and in a short space of time, by industry and perseverance, he raised himself to wealth, honour, and distinction. He was ap- pointed sheriff of London in 1546, and served the office of lord mayor in 1553; during which he was knighted by Queen Mary for his signal services in preserving the peace of the city amidst the alarms created by sir Thomas Wyat's rebellion. Having founded his college, which he lived to see completely in operation for about ten years, and having witnessed the good effects of his munificent benefactions to the corporations of Coventry, Bristol, Leicester, and others, to the number of twenty-four, he died in Oxford, Feb. 11, 1566-7, at a very advanced age f. Whether he died within the walls of the col- lege, or not, is uncertains: but he was buried in the e He was also lord mayor in 1557; as it would appear from the following passage in Strype's Memorials, chap. XLIX: The 29th day (August) being the decollation of St. John Baptist, was the Merchant Taylors' feast when the lord mayor, sir Tho. White, Mr. Harper, sheriff, Mr. Row, and all the clothing, and the four wardens of the yeomanry, and the company, heard mass at St. John's, in Smithfield, and offered every man a penny: and from thence to the hall, two and two together, to dinner.' f Mr. Gutch says 74, from MSS. Rawlinson in Bib. Bodl. Mr. Coates, who is followed by Chalmers and others, says 72: but this date, which is also on the old portrait in the bursary, does not cor- respond with the other dates given by his biographers. g It is so stated by Mr. Chalmers in his Biographical Dictionary, and repeated in Wade's Walks in Oxford;' on what authority is doubtful. He appears to have resided occasionally in Oxford; pro- ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 5 college chapel ¹, on the north side near the altar; be- low which are the appropriate vaults of LAUD and JUXON. No cumbrous monuments mark the spot; but such benefactors of mankind will endure for ever in the hearts of those, who are the living monuments of their munificence. Sir Thomas was twice married i: bably at Glocester hall, which he had purchased and repaired some years before his death. Mr. Coates states in his last page, that he resided in his own college. An interesting letter is extant, which has the date of 27 January, 1566, i. e. 1567 of our present computation; but no name of a place. Another long letter of his, not so well known, is among the Harley MSS.; transcribed by T. Warton in 1789. This is addressed to the right worshipfull Mr. President of Maudeline college in Oxford, and to the fellowes of the same;' and is dated from London, the 2nd day of January, 1557.' It relates chiefly to the wrongs done to his college by Mr. Doctor Owen and his tenants in destroying his game of conyes in Tubney,' &c. The transcript of this letter is among the Warton MSS. penes Ed. but whether the original is preserved in the archives of Magdalene col- lege, or not, the editor has not at present the means of ascertaining. C h A funeral oration was delivered on the occasion by the noted Jesuit, Edmund Campian, which is still extant in manuscript in the college. There was an Edmund Campian also at Trinity. < i In the Register of the fraternity of the Holy Trinity at Luton, now in Lord Bute's possession, occurs the following entry, among the ad- missions of honorary brethren and sisters in the year 1530: Mayster Thomas Wytte marchant taylor of London et Agnes ux' eius.' This was probably his first wife, who is sometimes called Avisia, or Avis, a name often confounded with Anicia and Annice, from Agnes ; or the scribe may have preferred Agnes. At all events, this early notice of sir Thomas, on such an occasion, which has escaped his biographers, may be considered interesting. Mr. Coates refers to Strype's Memorials for the account of the funeral of this first wife of the founder. She died in 1557, and was buried in the parish of St. Mary Aldermary. His second wife was Joan, a daughter and coheiress of John Lake of London, and widow of sir Ralph Warren, knight, twice lord mayor of London. She survived sir Thomas, and died in 1573. The detailed account in Strype's Memorials, respect- ing the funeral of the founder's first wife, with whom he lived happily B 3 6 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. but he left no descendants from either of his marriages. Those six fellows, therefore, who are admitted as of the founder's kindred, derive their claims from the collateral branches of his family. The liberality and foresight of sir Thomas White extended beyond the grave: for he left 30007. as a legacy to the college to purchase lands, in order to increase their revenues. The manor of Walton, consequently, was purchased by the society from Richard Owen, esq. of Godstow, with all its appurtenances, 12 Feb. 15 Queen Elizabeth. BENEFACTORs. The benefactions to this college, a full account of which cannot be expected in a work like the present, have been very numerous; but the superiority of some requires particular notice. Archbishop Laud, in addition to the sums bestowed on the library and the other parts of the new buildings, which he completed at his own expense, left 5007. by will to the college. Dr. Juxon, his worthy successor, gave 70001. Sir William Craven, Dr. Bell, Dr. Brewster, and others, left money for the purchase of advowsons; Creek and Farndon in Northamptonshire being so purchased. Sir William Paddy, president of the college of physicians, left 28001. for an organist and choir service, the repairs of the library, and other pur- poses. His will is dated 10 Dec. 1634, in his 81st year. Dr. Richard Rawlinson, who died in 1755, bequeathed books, coins, and other antiquities; with an estate in Warwickshire, another in Essex, and for many years, may not be uninteresting: On the 26th. (Feb. 1557-8) the lady White died, wife to sir Thomas White, late mayor of London, merchant tailor, and merchant of the Moscovy.-March the 2d. was the lady White buried in Aldermary parish. There was a goodly hearse of wax, and eight dozen of pensils, &c. The chief mourner was the lady Laxton, whom Mr. Roper led. After came the lord mayor and twenty aldermen following the corpse. Four banners of images, two great white branches; the morrow-mass, and a godly sermon; and all the crafts in their liveries. Poor men had gowns, and poor women. There were three masses sung; one of the Trinity, and one of our Lady, and the third of requiem. After, to the place to dinner; whither resorted the lord mayor, aldermen, and gentlemen. For there was as great a dinner as had been seen.' Chap. LVIII. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 7 * several houses in London. In his foundation of the Anglo-Saxon professorship he also provided, that St. John's should have the first and every fifth turn. Dr. William Holmes, president from 1728 to 1748, left 13,000l. after the death of his wife, who very generously increased the sum to 15,0007. The name of bishop Buckridge, who preceded archbishop Laud in the presidentship, with those of many others, might be added to this list. BUILDINGS.—The principal front of this college, towards the street, with the interior of the first quadran- gle, though considerably altered by modern sashes, the removal of munnions, &c., still retains much of its an- cient character. The noble tower and gateway remain nearly entire, with the statue of St. Bernard in the upper niche, over the oriel window. The third story, however, on each side of the tower, with dormers rising from the walls, is no part of the original work of Chichele, though imitated by Mr. Robertson in his restoration of the front of All Souls'. An accurate observer may still discover, on the north and south sides of the tower, the ledges which mark the apex and inclination of the former roof, which was less flat than the present, and without dor- The old sculptured cornice still remaining on the northernmost gable has a singular appearance under the present window. Before the college is a terrace, enclosed with a wall and outer gateway about the year 1576; but the gateway has been long since taken down, and an opening being made at each end, the public footpath is continued along the pavement. The next liberal step on the part of the society will be the removal of the wall altogether; by which the front would lose nothing in grandeur of effect, and the elin avenue would be less interrupted. This inclosure is 208 feet by 44. mers. The eastern side of the first quadrangle, particularly that part occupied by the president's lodgings, was left in B 4 8 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. a very decayed and dilapidated state after the dissolution of St. Bernard's college k. It seems to have consisted in the founder's time of two separate tenements; which were almost entirely rebuilt in 1597, at the expense of the college, Mr. Richard Barnes being a great contributor to the work. An order, or decree, for the battlementing the insquare of the quadrangle' is dated March 8, 1616; to be paid by the bursars. Considerable improvements were soon afterwards made, particularly in the lodg- ings; as in the time of archbishop Laud: to which period must be referred the present arrangement of the dining-room, the hall, and staircase, with the rooms above. The drawing-room, being part of Laud's new quadrangle, in which there is a profusion of elegant carving, probably designed by Inigo Jones, was added k According to a survey taken of Durham and St. Bernard's colleges temp. Hen. viij. this side of the quadrangle was intended for a library and chambers, but seems to have been left unfinished. The walls were then rough, and considerably high, extending 112 feet in length, which is the admeasurement of the opposite side. The breadth of the library and chambers was to be nineteen feet within the walls. The windows, twenty-five in number on the side facing the quadrangle, were secured with iron bars; but nothing is said respecting glass. On the east side were twelve windows, with iron bars also. The cham- bers on the south and west sides of the quadrangle, about eighteen in number, are described as measuring from 22 feet to 26 in length, and 18 in breadth, with a study or studies to each; and over the hall and entry thereto was a fair chamber in length from east to west 41 feet, and in breadth 27. The chapel was 80 feet by 27; the hall 30 by 27, and underneath a cellar or buttery of the same dimensions. The kitchen was 42 feet by 27. There were three altars in the chapel, as in the old chapel of Durham college; with seven windows: and every window had six lights, or divisions, well glazed; the great east win- dow behind the high altar having fourteen fair lights, with the appur- tenances, well glazed also. MS. penes Ed. transcribed from the ori- ginal in the chapter-house at Westminster. Mackeure. ராம SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE, FROM THE GARDEN. Published Dec 11835, by J.11.Parker, Odford, CTilt Fleet St London & J.Le Keux Harmondsworth J. Le Keux ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 9 to the lodgings in 1635; together with about one half of the western side of the new building over the colon- nade, containing six windows, which light a long gal- lery. The double bay windows of the study and dining- room, united by an interval of plain masonry, seem to be of an earlier date than the scroll-headed doorways on each side of them; which are of Laud's time. www www.w OJEWITT SC WADELAMOTTE DEL MIDDLE ARCHWAY. The CHAPEL, occupying that part of the north side of the quadrangle which adjoins the president's lodg- ings, was not consecrated, according to Wood, till 1530. The alteration of religion having soon followed, the interior was fitted up in various ways, and suffered much from the puritans both of this century and the following: but it is very much to be regretted, that when it was repaired after the Restoration, between the 10 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. years 1663 and 1678, the windows were entirely recon- structed on a different plan, circular arches, among other discrepancies, being substituted for the original ones; which in all probability resembled in form those of the hall, before the munnions were removed: whatever Chi- chele did here being almost an exact counterpart of his work at All Souls'. The lower parts have been filled with solid masonry; so that they have lost several feet of their proportionate depth. Many of the ancient brasses have been carefully placed in the outer or ante- chapel. These brasses were found not many years since in the president's lodgings, and were then restored to the chapel; being ascertained to relate to persons who had been actually buried in the chapel. Some of them had been removed from the inner part, when the floor was paved with black and white marble, and the new wainscot, seats, and screen of the Corinthian order erected; all which ornaments are very beautifully exe- cuted but it is to be lamented, that to add more light,' according to Wood, they took away the old painted glass in the east window, and much of the crustation or arched work, as well of that as of the other windows in the chapel'.' C On the north side, towards the upper end, is a beau- tiful little chapel, filled with monuments; particularly a fine one to the memory of Dr. Richard Baylie, the pre- 1 Apud Gutch, p. 555. This was done to make every thing har- monize with the new work; which was constructed, as usual, accord- ing to the fashion of the day. See the description of the old chapel in the survey before mentioned. 'Note, that the monuments of H. Price, R. Shingleton, Hen. and Ric. Hutchenson, as also of Joh. Wicksteed, were removed into the outer chapel, when the inner was paved with marble, and new wain- scoted, an. 1677.' Wood ap. Gutch, p. 562. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 11 sident restored in 1660, who died at Salisbury 27 July, 1667; being dean of that cathedral. He is said to have built this addition to the chapel; which was finished, with the vault underneath, in 1662, but not consecrated, according to Wood, till 13 March, 1675-6. The ceiling is of elegant fan-work and tracery, of a character similar to that of the archways leading into the new quadrangle and the gardens. The organ loft was here till 1768; after which a new organ, built by Byfield, was erected over the present screen. The HALL is less modernized in its exterior than the chapel; and is evidently the refectory of the monks of St. Bernard; though the tracery has been cut away from the arches to add more light.' The interior is very handsomely fitted up, and the walls are adorned with a great number of very interesting portraits. At the upper end is a whole length of the FOUNDER ", between the two great ornaments of the college, LAUD and JUXON. Other portraits adorn the sides; and at the west end, over the screen, is a splendid one of George the Third in his coronation robes, painted by Ramsay, and presented to the society by the countess dowager of Lichfield in 1779, the earl, her husband, having been a member of the college, and chancellor of the university". m This portrait was given to the college by T. Rowney, esq. sheriff of the county in 1692; sometime gentleman-commoner here, and often mentioned in this work. That of Laud was the gift of Bayn- brigg Buckeridge, A. B. 1695, of North Hall in Hertfordshire, who had been a gentleman-commoner also, of the family of bishop Buck- ridge, and of the founder's kindred. That of Juxon was given by William Rollinson, or Rawlinson, Esq. of the county of Oxford, also a gentleman-commoner. n On Thursday, June 12, 1834, the society entertained the duke of 12 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. The present kitchen and cellar under it, with four chambers over it, at the north-west angle of the hall, were built on certain conditions by Thomas Clark, senior cook, in 1613: to which the college contributed mate- rials, and afterward added more buildings in 1638. A little to the north of the chapel is the COMMON ROOM; which is handsomely wainscotted. The ceiling is formed into compartments with shell-work in stucco, by an artist of the name of Roberts. The date assigned to it by Wood is 1676. Attached to this is another com- fortable room, lately finished; in which is a portrait by Phillips of the venerable Dr. Marlow, thirty-three years president. On the south side of the library, westward, are some modern apartments; and a handsome gateway and embattled wall, recently erected, inclose the northern precincts of the college. The INNER QUADRANGLE.—The greater part of the second quadrangle is occupied by the LIBRARY; which is in two divisions. That on the south side, as far as the bay window, was built in 1596; the names of the principal contributors being recorded in inscriptions of Wellington and a numerous company in the hall, to commemorate his public installation as chancellor of the university. There were pre- sent the duke of Cumberland, the venerable earl of Eldon, high steward of the university, with the other noble visitors who accompa- nied his grace, and a select party of the chancellor's particular friends, including the two members for the university, the vice-chancellor, proctors, heads of houses, sir Charles Wetherell, &c. There were four tables arranged in the following manner: At the upper end was the high table, standing as usual from north to south; the president sitting about the middle, with the chancellor and the duke of Cum- berland on his right hand, the vice-chancellor and the high-steward on his left. The other three tables extended nearly the whole length of the hall from east to west; the gallery over the entrance being tastefully decorated with flowers and evergreens, and filled with ladies of rank. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 13 that date, with their family escutcheons, &c. still remain- ing in the windows. The other division of the building, which constitutes the inner library, and forms the much admired and picturesque front looking eastward towards the garden, was finished, together with the rest of the new work, in 1635º, to which the king contributed 200 tons of timber from the woods of Shotover and Stow. The first stone was laid 26 July, 1631. This is the work of archbishop Laud. To render the front com- plete, a space of about twenty feet in length was added to the old library; the east window, and the upper one on the south side, being taken down in order to build the whole uniformly, and to make a better approach to the inner library P. The whole is built of durable ma- terials; the stone of the first part that was finished, • In the following year, Aug. 30, archbishop Laud, as chancellor of the university, entertained at dinner the king and queen with the whole court, and all the gallantry and beauty of the kingdom, accord- ing to Wood, in this new library; at the north or upper end of which one table was placed across for the royal party; and a second, extend- ing in length nearly from one end to the other, for prince Rupert, with the lords and ladies, and others who were admitted into the royal presence. Thirteen additional tables were prepared in the several chambers: and after dinner the august party were conducted by the chancellor to the hall to see the play, called 'The Hospitall of Lovers :' which being ended, they proceeded at eight o'clock in the evening to the great hall at Christ Church to see another play, or comedy, called The Royal Slave.' See Annals by Wood ap. Gutch A. D. 1636. p This inner library was intended from the beginning for manu- scripts, and all smaller books which might be in danger of being lost, any rarity which might be given to the college, as also for all mathe- matic books and instruments. Wood's MSS. Ashm. D. 2. 653. A full account of the present contents of this kind may be seen in the Oxford Guide of 1834. The crosier, or pastoral crook, of archbishop Laud, with the staff, or walking stick, which supported his steps in his ascent to the scaffold, the carved eagle by Snetzler, and other cu- riosities, have been lately deposited here. 14 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. namely, that on the south side, being brought from the ruins of the Carmelite or White Friars; and the ma- sonic skill of Inigo Jones, combined with all the exu- berance of his fancy, has stamped the eastern front with a character of peculiar beauty, elegance, and grace. The north side of this new quadrangle, with the ex- ception of 39 feet allotted to the president in 1635, for the enlargement of his lodgings, was intended for the accommodation of commoners: as were also the cham- bers under the southern division of the library; which, though built before the time of archbishop Laud, were repaired by him, and made to correspond with the oppo- site side. On the east and west sides are open colon- nades, with a richly embellished portico in the centre of each; over which, among a profusion of other orna- ments, in the best style of Inigo Jones, are the two bronze statues of Charles I. and his queen Henrietta Maria, which have been so justly admired. They were cast by Fanelli, a celebrated artist of Florence, and cost 4007. According to a tradition preserved in Raw- linson's manuscripts, they were taken from their pedes- tals in the time of the Rebellion, and ordered to be sold; but were ignorantly refused, because not solid. After this it may seem dangerous to mention, that the sixteen pillars of the colonnades are made of entire and solid blocks of Bletchingdon marble. The GARDENS of this college have always attracted particular attention. Though many others are distin- guished by their peculiar beauties, those of St. John's seem to have stood unrivalled for centuries. They have certainly superior advantages in situation and extent; occupying a square area of about five acres in the sub- urbs but they have been the gradual creation of many ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 15 years of improvement, under the sober direction of dis- criminating taste. It is remarkable, that within less than a century from this time they consisted of two distinct gardens, as in the time of Loggan, divided from each other by a wall. The larger part, consisting of four acres, was purchased by the founder, and inclosed at the ex- pense of Edward Sprot, a fellow, in 1612, or 1613. They are described by Salmon, in 1748, as large and well laid out.' The following extract from his work will perhaps be interesting 9: In the first the walks are planted with Dutch elms, (stunted pollards,) and the walls co- vered with evergreens: the inward garden has every thing almost that can render such a place agreeable; as a terrace, a mount, a wilderness, and well-contrived arbours; but, notwithstanding this is much more ad- mired by strangers than the other, the outer garden is become the general rendezvous of gentlemen and ladies every Sunday evening in summer: here we have an op- portunity of seeing the whole university together almost, as well as the better sort of townsmen and ladies, who seldom fail of making their appearance here at the same time, unless the weather prevents them.' ¶ There is a similar description of Trinity gardens in the same work, p. 62; which will be partly recognized by persons now living: The gardens of this college are large and well laid out, containing about three acres of ground. (He should have said four.) They are divided into three parts: the first, which we enter from the grand quadrangle, consists of fine gravel walks and grassplots, adorned with evergreens; and the walls entirely covered with them, as those in other college gardens generally are. Adjoining to this, on the south, is another garden, with shady walks of Dutch elms; and beyond a wilderness, adorned with fountains, close arbours, round stone tables, and other embellishments.' The Foreigner's Companion, &c. 12mo. Lond. Printed for William Owen, at Homer's Head, near Temple Bar, &c. MDCCXLVIII. The same author published in 1743 THE PRESENT STATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD,' taken chiefly 16 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. EMINENT MEN.-Three and twenty presidents have governed this society in less than three centuries; and it has produced ten prelates, four of whom were archbi- shops, and several had been presidents. Among these the memory of Laud and Juxon will always be che- rished with peculiar regard. To these may be added, Shirley the poet, Briggs the mathematician, sir James and sir Bulstrode Whitelocke, Dr. Edward Bernard, mathematician; Wheatly, author of A rational Illus- tration of the Book of Common Prayer;' Dr. Sherard, Dillenius, Wm. Lowth, father of the bishop of that name, dean Tucker, lord chancellor Northington, Peter Whalley, Dr. Vicesimus Knox, and chief justice sir James Eyre. www WA.DELAMOTTE DEL O.JEWIT PART OF THE LIBRARY FROM THE GARDEN. from Ayliffe; yet he accuses the editors of the London Magazine and others of plagiarism. He has the merit, nevertheless, of publishing the first POCKET COMPANION, or Guide. F.Mackenzie. JESUS COLLEGE Published Feb71-1836.by JH.Parker, Coxford CTilt Fleet St London, &J.Le Keux Harmondsworth. J.Le Keux. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. L www www www WA.DELAMOTTE PART OF THE COLLEGE FROM MARKET LANE. O JEWITT SC JESUS COLLEGE. THE first establishment of this society originated in the considerate benevolence of Hugh Price, or Ap Rice, treasurer of St. David's, &c. and doctor of laws in this Universitya. For, though the early patronage of a pro- a He was born at Brecknock, probably before the year 1500; being the son of a wealthy and respectable burgess there. He gra- duated at Oxford as LL. D. so early as 1525; but at what college or hall is uncertain. The tradition is, that he was educated at Oseney abbey under an uncle who was a canon there. He was the first pre- 38 B 20 JESUS COLLEGE. testant sovereign was obtained for the rising seminary, and perpetuated by the very title of its chartered founda- tion, yet this venerable person was evidently, as Wood observes, the chief instrument.' Three years before his death, queen Elizabeth assented to his petition; 'that she would be pleased to found a college in Oxford, on which he might bestow his estate for the maintenance of certain scholars of Wales, to be trained up in good letters.' The royal charter is dated 27 June, 13 Eliz. 1571; by which Dr. Price was graciously permitted to settle estates on the said college to the yearly value of 1607. for the sustentation of eight fellows and eight scholars; all appointed in the first instance, according to Dr. Price's mind,' by queen Elizabeth. To provide with greater certainty for the completion of the work, and to give effect to these benevolent intentions, the royal bounty was extended to a grant of timber from the forests of Shotover and Stow, and certain commissioners bendary of Rochester, 34 Hen. viij. with an annual pension of 201. being appointed about the same time treasurer of St. David's. He died at Brecknock 8 Aug. 1574; and was buried there in the chancel of the priory of St. John the Evangelist. C 6 b The college seal also exhibits the same emblems of royalty. On the obverse is an image of our Saviour, with this legend: Sigillum Coll. Jesu infra civitatem et universitatem Oxon. ex fundatione reginæ Elizabethæ :' On the reverse, the image of Q. Elizabeth with her usual title: Eliz. dei gratia Angliæ Franciæ et Hyberniæ regina Fidei defensor, &c. V. Wynne's MSS. in All Souls' library; a va- luable collection presented by Dr. Luttrell Wynne, fellow of the col- lege, in 1785; among which are all the papers of sir Leoline Jenkins, which contain many interesting particulars relating to Jesus college. c So Wood and others. A second charter was obtained by the so- ciety afterwards, dated 7 July, 1589; impowering them to hold pos- sessions to the amount of 2001. per annum, and to appoint commissioners for the purpose of drawing up a body of statutes: but it does not ap- pear that any considerable advancement was made towards prosperity till the time of sir Eubule Thelwall, knt. of whom more hereafter. JESUS COLLEGE. 3 were appointed to take care for the building, perfecting, and endowing of the college. But, notwithstanding these provisions, the estates of Dr. Price, consisting of lands and tenements in Brecknockshire, became so unproductive, that at the commencement of the following century the society consisted only of a principal, two or three fellows, and a few commoners, who inhabited tenements not then brought into a quadrangular form, but described as halls opposite to Exeter college. During this century, however, more than twenty benefactors are recorded: but, as our limits would enable us to do little more than to repeat their names, and as the sums they gave were in some in- stances inconsiderable, we must refer to the pages of Wood and others for a more minute account of parti- culars; confining our attention chiefly to those which were of the most permanent and substantial kind. BENEFACTORS. It may seem extraordinary, that a college patronised by queen Elizabeth, and therefore classed amongst royal foundations, should have so long remained without any efficient revenues. But probably the religious controversies of that period, and the un- settled state of the public mind, diverted the attention of the nation to less worthy objects. The first bene- factor on record after the foundation of the college, and the only one in the sixteenth century, is Dr. Griffith Lloyd, the second principal; who in 1586, by leaving certain lands in Cardiganshire for the maintenance of a scholar or fellow of his blood and kindred, stimulated others in the next reign to follow his example. Bishops Westphaling and Rowlands appear as founders of addi- tional fellowships and scholarships in 1602 and 1609. Many others succeeded in this and the subsequent reign, B 2 4 JESUS COLLEGE. till the number of the fellowships and scholarships was doubled; as will appear hereafter. Among the earliest and most important benefactors of the 17th century must be mentioned sir Eubule Thelwall, knt. He was the fifth son of John Thelwall, esq., of Bathafern Park in the county of Denbigh; in- corporated B. A. from Trinity college, Cambridge, in 1579; became barrister at law, master of the aliena- tion office, and one of the masters in chancery. He was admitted principal of this college in May, 1621; and in the following year he procured a new charter from the crown, in addition to the two former, dated 1 June, 19 James I. whereby commissioners were ap- pointed to make a perfect body of statutes, and the so- ciety empowered to possess 600l. per annum for the main- tenance of sixteen fellows and sixteen scholars. With the moneys of several benefactors, four of whom are particu- larly mentioned; Prichard, Lloyd, Wynne, and Rodwey; he was enabled in 1630 to purchase certain rent-charges in Glocestershire and Wiltshire, &c. towards the support of these additional members. With the produce of an estate left by Griffith Powell, sometime principal, who died 28 June, 1620, he purchased lands at Nannerch and Ysceiviog in Flintshire. He also expended nearly 50007. on the college buildings: the kitchen and buttery, with the chambers over them, the hall, and about one half of the south side of the first quadrangle, being completed by him about the year 1625; though begun about seven or eight years before. The lodgings of the principal, be- tween the hall and the chapel, were built entirely at his expense; 'wherein he made a very fair dining room,' says Wood, adorned with wainscot curiously engraven.' 6 JESUS COLLEGE. 5 20 This is now the drawing-room; but the carved wainscot still remains in excellent preservation, and it is one of the earliest and best specimens of the kind in Oxford. Sir Eubule died 8 Oct. 1630, aged sixty-nine, and was bu- ried in the chapel, which he had contributed to adorn; where there is a marble monument against the south wall of the arch leading into the chancel, erected to his memory by his brother, sir Bevis Thelwall, knt. 6 Second only to sir Eubule Thelwall was Dr. Francis Mansell; who was both his predecessor and his suc- cessor; having been thrice admitted to the office of principal. Twice he voluntarily resigned; and being deprived by the usurping parliament of 1648, etiam proscriptione clarus,' he was restored to his place in 1660; but he soon relinquished it in favour of sir Leoline Jenkins; whose benefactions to the college come next in order to be recorded. The RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR LEOLINE JENKINS, Knt. LL.D. almost a SECOND FOUNDER, was admitted principal of this college on the resignation of Dr. Mansell, 1 March, 1660-1. He was born at Llanblethianf, near d See the inscription on his monument in the chapel, opposite to that of sir Eubule Thelwall. He was the third son of sir Francis Mansell of Muddlescomb in the county of Carmarthen, bart. by Ca- tharine, daughter and heir of Henry Morgan, esq. of the same place, and related to William earl of Pembroke, chancellor of the university. See more of him in Wood ap. Gutch, pp. 575, 577-8, et seqq. Collegium tantum non denuo fundavit.' See the classical in- scriptions to his memory ap. Gutch, p. 589, one of which is now only there to be found. The other is still to be seen on a large slab of white marble, placed over his remains in the chapel. f The aged natives of the village call it St. Blethian, omitting Llan: the church being dedicated in honour of St. Lupus, called St. Bled- dian or Blethian by the Cambro-Britons, which signifies a wolf in their language. Of his mission to Britain with St. Germanus to ex- B 3 6 JESUS COLLEGE. Cowbridge, in Glamorganshire, about the year 1623; and having discovered great proficiency in his studies at Cow- bridge school, he was sent to Jesus college in 1641. Here he manifested his spirit and loyalty by taking up arms, with other enterprising students, in defence of the king. On the failure of the king's cause, which was followed by his death, he retired with his ejected principal, Dr. Mansell, and some other eminent loyalists, among whom were archbishop Frewen, and Sheldon, afterwards arch- bishop of Canterbury, to the venerable and secluded manor-house of sir John Aubrey, at Llantrythyds. The connexions which he formed in that interesting place, on such an occasion, laid the foundation of his future for- tune and advancement. His friend Sheldon in particular, after the restoration, took every opportunity of promot- ing his welfare. Having distinguished himself as a learned civilian in Doctors' Commons, he was employed on much important business both at home and abroad; tirpate the Pelagian heresy there is an interesting account in the first book of Bede's Ecclesiastical History; but it is remarkable that king Alfred has only left a translation of the titles of the four chapters re- lating to their joint expedition and miracles. The father of sir Leoline, of the same name, is said to have possessed a family estate of 40l. per annum at Llantrissant; whence sir Leoline is sometimes de- scribed as being born there; but we follow Mr. Gutch, p. 578, from the Wynne MSS. Ath. Oxon. II. 132. The expression on his epi- taph is ambiguous, and may be referred to his family, or to the place of his education, as well as to his birth : < · LLANTRISSANTIA SILURUM HONESTA FAMILIA NATUS LITERIS A PRIMA JUVENTUTE LIBERALITER IMBUTUS' &c. g The present condition of this old baronial mansion of the Bassets and the Aubreys is truly lamentable and degrading. Magnificent staircases, embossed and panelled ceilings, carved chimney-pieces, and armorial embellishments of the most splendid kind, are fast sinking into one common ruin. The roofs are falling; and it is scarcely safe to walk over the floors. JESUS COLLEGE. in which he uniformly acquitted himself to the satisfac- tion of all parties concerned; till at length he arrived at the highest honours, was knighted by king Charles II. in 1670, resigned his headship at Oxford in 1673, and was repeatedly called to represent the university in par- liament. He died at his house in Hammersmith, 1 Sep- tember, 1685, aged 62; and his body being conveyed to Oxford, was buried in the area of the chapel, near the steps leading to the altar b. By his will, dated June 12, h He was buried with great solemnity and respect; the whole body of the university attending on the occasion. See the additions to Wood's history by Mr. Gutch, p. 578. Ath. Oxon., and the Life of sir Leoline, written by W. Wynne, esq. afterward serjeant-at-law, son of Dr. Owen Wynne; whose grandson, the rev. Luttrell Wynne, D. C. L. fellow of All Souls, presented the Wynne MSS. to All Souls' college library. The following extract from the Gazette, re- lating to the funeral ceremonies observed at the burial of sir Leoline, is copied from the college registers, and may not be uninteresting: Gazette from Sept. 17 to Sept. 21, 1685. Oxford. On Tuesday last was brought hither from Hammersmith the corps of the right honourable sir Leoline Jenkins, knt. which was attended by some of his friends and by his domestick servants, and was met without this city by severall of the doctors and principall members of the univer sity, and also by the mayor, aldermen, and citizens, some in coaches and others on horseback. It was conducted to the publick schools, whence the vice-chancellor and the right reverend father in God the lord bishop of the diocess, with the whole body of the university, received and placed it in the Divinity school, which was fitted up for that purpose. This afternoon the vice-chancellor and the lord bishop, together with the noblemen, doctors, proctors, and masters, met there in their respective formalities. And the memory of the deceased being solempnized in a Latin speech by the university orator, the corps was removed to the chappell of Jesus college, (to which he was a liberall benefactor in his life, but more especially at his death,) where the vice-chancellor, principall of the said college, read the offices. of buriall, and a Latine speech was also spoken by one of the fellows ; which was accompanied with musick and anthems suitable to the oc- casion.' The Latin orations here mentioned are extant in MSS. in the college. The public orator, who delivered his speech in the B 4 8 JESUS COLLEGE. 1685, he bequeathed to the college divers Lessuages, lands, tenements, &c. of very considerable vale; and, among other uses, appointed 50l. per annum to the prin- cipal, and 1207. per annum for filling up the fellowships and scholarships; that the 16 fellowships and 16 scho- larships be set forth in one scheme: thereby to show to what diocese, county, place, or family each, by the dis- position of the respective founders and donors, doth and ought of right to belong.' This scheme was accordingly made by an indenture between the college and the four executors of sir Leoline, dated 11 March, 1685–6, and confirmed by letters patent 2 Jac. II. in April following. By these letters patent the college was also licensed to hold 10007. per annum over and above the revenues which they then possessed. In consequence of this great benefaction by the will of sir Leoline Jenkins, two additional fellowships and two scholarships were founded; and another fellowship was afterwards created by a decree in chancery, directing the application of the residue of sir Leoline's personal estate. From this time, therefore, to the present the society has consisted of a principal, nineteen fellows, and eighteen scholars, exclusive of exhibitioners, &c. The patronage of the college is also very considerable i. Divinity school, was William Wyat, M. A. student of Ch. Ch. and principal of St. Mary Hall. The oration delivered in the college chapel was by John Spencer, M. A. The principal of the college, who was near the expiration of the third year of his vice-chancellor- ship, was John Lloyd, B. D. who died bishop of St. David's soon afterwards, at the age of 48, leaving a legacy of 1007. i A new church has been recently erected by the society at New- bold upon Stour, which was consecrated on Tuesday, 15 Dec. 1835, in pursuance of an act of parliament obtained some time since for dividing the large parish of Tredington into two portions. A par- F.Mackenne. THE QUADRANGLE OF JESUS COLLEGE Published Feb 11836, by JH Parker, Oxford, CTlt. Fleet St London J. Le Keux, Harmondsworth J. Le Keux. JESUS COLLEGE. 9 Thomas Rowney, esq. by a deed of gift in 1685–6, settled on the college the rectory of Wigginton in the northern part of the county of Oxford. Following the example of sir Leoline Jenkins, Edmund Meyricke, M. A. fellow elect, and vicar of Ensham, left his whole estate in land, &c.; by which the foundation was so much benefited, that a charter, or license of mort- main, was consequently obtained from king George II, dated 10 Jan. 1729, enabling the college to hold 500l. per annum in addition to their former revenues. Mr. Meyricke was a native of Ucheldre, or Ilcheldre, in Merionethshire; and among other preferments held the rectory of Pen- boyr and the vicarage of Llanegwad, in the county of Caermarthen. He was also precentor of the collegiate church of Brecknock, and treasurer of St. David's. His will is dated 25 March, 1712-13, and he died at Gloces- ter on the 24th of the April following. The principal and the two senior fellows were to be his trustees, who were to apply the surplus of his estate towards the pur- chase of advowsons, &c. But this has been altered by a decree of chancery; one benefice only, that of Llandough, or Llandôch, in Glamorganshire, being purchased the subsequent accumulation has been applied to augment the value, and to increase the number, of his North Wales exhibitioners. ticular account of the ceremony was given in the Oxford Herald, Dec. 19. The sermon was preached by Mr. Beynon. i See more respecting his benefactions, and those of sir Leoline Jenkins, in Ayliffe's Ancient and Present State of the University of Oxford, vol. I. pp. 428-431. 8°. Lond. 1714. Wynne's MSS. No. 37. Sir Leoline likewise founded or endowed the free grammar school in the town of Cowbridge in the county of Glamorgan, and gave 307. a year between five pensioners to be chosen by the master, with the consent of the principal of Jesus college, out of the most hopeful and 10 JESUS COLLEGE. In 1613 a small sum of money was left by Dr. John Williams, principal, who died in that year, to institute a lecture in logic, which had been much neglected in the university; and in 1623 sir Thomas Canon, knt. of Ha- verfordwest, deputy lieutenant of the county of Pem- broke, and a barrister, founded a catechetical lecture, a sermon in the college chapel, &c. One of the three fellowships for natives of Jersey and Guernsey was settled on this college by king Charles I. in 1636, and constitutes one of the sixteen enumerated in the scheme of sir Leoline Jenkins and his executors, before the other three were established. BUILDINGS. The two spacious quadrangles, which occupy nearly the whole site of this college, have arisen gradually from the benefactions of several of its mem- bers; very little of the original structure by Dr. Price being now discoverable; except at the south-east corner, in Market lane, where the junction of the new works with the old is easily discernible by the difference of the stone and other circumstances. The eastern front, how- ever, opposite to Exeter college, seems to have continued without much alteration till the year 1756; when the external walls were substantially repaired in the plain style of that day, and a new gateway of rustic work was substituted for the Elizabethan portico seen in Log- gan's print of 1675, and on a larger scale in that by promising boys in the school. He appointed 301. a year more to be divided between three exhibitioners educated at Cowbridge school, when they come to the college, to be continued for four years, and no longer. He also left 207. a year for the settling poor children apprentices, and clothing poor people, in the town of Cowbridge, and the parishes of Llantrissant, Llanblethian, and Ystrad-Owen, in Gla- morganshire; to be disposed of by the master of Cowbridge school, with the approbation of the principal of Jesus College. 1 11 JESUS COLLEGE. Williams, in 1733k. This portico was the work of Dr. Price; but the completion of the eastern front, and about one half of the south side of the first quadrangle, was probably effected by the commissioners appointed under the first charter of queen Elizabeth. The remaining half of the south side of the fabric was finished by sir Eubule Thelwall, about the year 1625, more than fifty years after the first foundation of the college; for though principal Powell had contributed additional sums of money to those left by Dr. Price, and had enlarged the fabric with the aid of benefactions obtained from per- sons in Oxford, in the county, in London, in Cheshire, and Wales, about the year 1618, he died soon after, without bringing the work to completion. THE HALL. Though not less than 3007. of Dr. Price's money remained in 1617, and bishop Parry con- tributed 100 marks, in addition to other sums collected in principal Powell's time from various quarters, for finishing the western side of the first quadrangle¹, it is k The two square tablets are there visible, on which were inscribed the verses commemorative of Dr. Price's foundation, and put up in his lifetime. On one side of the entrance, towards the south, were these: STRUXIT HUGO PRISIUS TIBI CLARA PALATIA, JESU, UT DOCTOR LEGUM PECTORA DOCTA DARET. On the other side, towards the north, was this distich, in continua- tion of the former: BRECONIÆ NATUS, PATRIÆ MONUMENTA RELIQUIT, BRECONIÆ POPULO SIGNA SEQUENDA PIO. Dr. Price having afforded but little hope of the completion of the work, which seems to have proceeded rather slowly, the first distich was thus varied by Christopher Raynold, as he passed by and read it : Nondum struxit Hugo, vix fundamenta locavit, Det Deus ut possis dicere, struxit Hugo. 1 A list of the contributors to this work, who were very numerous, with the amount of their subscriptions, is preserved in the college. 12 JESUS COLLEGE. 6 stated by Wood, that the HALL was completed by that bountiful person sir Eubule Thelwall, who left nothing undone which might conduce to the good of the college.' The screen of this hall is elaborately carved; and the windows were originally adorned with the armorial en- signs of the principal benefactors in coloured glass; of which Wood has recorded the particulars. The roof, though now coved with stucco, was also raftered and purlined with oak, and adorned with pendents; which accorded better with the general style of the fabric. There is an uncommonly large recess window of 20 lights at the upper end, projecting into the inner quad- rangle, and forming five sides of an octagon. That at Trinity, built about the same time, consists of three sides only; and is divided into half the number of lights. In this room, and in the principal's lodgings, are some interesting portraits; viz. of queen Elizabeth, of king Charles I. painted by Vandyck in 1636, of king Charles II. of sir Eubule Thelwall, copied by Parry from an original at Bathafern Park in Denbighshire, of sir Leoline Jen- kins, &c. There has been also recently added to the por- traits in the Hall one of Mr. Nash the architect, esteemed one of sir Thomas Lawrence's best performances. THE CHAPEL. This structure, though it has no great pretensions to external beauty, has some interest- ing and peculiar features within. It is handsomely fitted up with oak wainscoting; and divided into three por- tions by a screen, and an arch leading into a kind of chancel, forming a counterpart to the antechapel. This arrangement arose from the enlargement of the east end, about fifteen years after the consecration of the former part, which was found too small for the accommodation of the society. The original consecration took place JESUS COLLEGE. 13 28 May, 1621; Thomas Prichard, M. A. the vice-prin- cipal, preaching the sermon, and Dr. John Howson, then bishop of Oxford, performing the ceremony of consecra- tion but the present east window was constructed in 1636; when the addition was made to the chapel: sir Charles Williams, knt. of Llangibby in Monmouthshire, having bestowed 2507. for that purpose. Dr. Jonathan Edwards, principal, and treasurer of Llandaff, who died in 1712, and is buried in the chapel, expended consider- able sums in the embellishment of it". The altarpiece, representing St. Michael overcoming the Devil, is a copy of the same subject by Guido in the convent of the Ca- pucini at Rome. It is nearly ten feet by seven; and was presented by the right hon. Thomas James Warren, viscount Bulkeley, a nobleman of the college, created M. A. in 1773. The east window is now walled up. This chapel, like most others, was paved with black and white marble in small pieces about the year 1690. THE LIBRARY. The first Library on record, belong- ing to this society, was begun by sir Eubule Thelwall in m Sacellum eâ, quâ cernis, elegantia adornavit'-is the expression on his epitaph against the north wall. He was born at Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, about the year 1638-9. Ayliffe, who wrote within two years after his death, and whose account is copied by Pointer and others, says that he gave in his lifetime about 3307. to- wards the chapel, and the new buildings in the north-west corner of the new quadrangle. He gave also several valuable books, printed and manuscript, to the library; and at his death he left nearly 1000 volumes more, of such books as were not in the library before, be- sides 6007. in money, to be at the disposal of his executors and the society, in such a manner as they might think best for the benefit and advantage of the college. Ancient and Present State,' &c. vol. I. p. 430. Dr. Edwards was first a servitor of Christ Church; where he was admitted B. A. 1659, elected fellow of Jesus college in 1662, and principal in 1686. See more concerning him, and his various preferments, in Atterbury's Correspondence, vol. III. p. 535. 14 JESUS COLLEGE. 1626, aided by the benefactions of others; among whom lady Anne Bromley, widow of sir Henry Bromley, knt. contributed 1007. It stood where the north side of the inner quadrangle now is; having an ambulacrum or clois- ter underneath, and chambers over it for servitors. Here were deposited many valuable books and manu- scripts; but it appears that Edward Herbert, lord Cher- bury, did not give his London library till 1648. In the mean time Dr. Mansell, who gave the contents of his own study, in 1639 took down this library again, with a view of building it on the west side of the same quadrangle; but his intentions being frustrated by the civil commotions which ensued, not a stone was laid: part of the money contributed was generously refunded: and the books con- tinued till Loggan's time in an upper room or loft above the buttery and kitchen. Happily, after the Restoration, that great benefactor of the college, sir Leoline Jenkins, fulfilled the intentions of Dr. Mansell to the utmost, by beginning the present spacious library, in 1677, at the south-west corner of the new quadrangle, entirely at his own expense. It is remarkable, that in Loggan's print, published about 1675, no part of the western wing ap- pears, and only about one half of the northern and southern sides; but about 1679", not only the library, but the greater part of this large quadrangle, consisting of a fabric of three stories in height, and measuring 100 feet by 90, was completely finished; with the exception n Chalmers says 1676; but this is probably an error of the press, such as often happens, particularly in the Arabic numerals. See Wood ap. Gutch, p. 583. Neither the library, nor any other part of sir Leoline's work, appears to have been begun till 1677. The tracery of the south window of the library has a picturesque effect, as seen from Market lane, and is in better taste than that of the great east window of the chapel opposite to Exeter college. JESUS COLLEGE. 15 of a small portion at the north-west corner, which was not finished till 1713 º. Considerable repairs have been done to the buildings by the society within the last and present centuries. The first quadrangle was very much altered and improved in 1815; with the exception of the principal's lodgings, the old garrets of which had been converted into a bat- tlemented story before the year 1740P. In order to give an uniformity of appearance to the whole quadrangle, the remaining part of the old roof was entirely recon- structed in the year 1815 before mentioned, and covered throughout with Bangor slates; the windows of the upper story being at the same time made to correspond with those below, and the whole surmounted with bat- tlements. In like manner the inner quadrangle was newly roofed with Bangor slates, during the summer vacations of 1817 and 1818; when the transverse roofs, which were found very inconvenient, were changed to one of uninterrupted length; but the original character of the parapet walls was preserved, consisting of a series of ogee pediments, similar to those of University college 9. The college clock, with handsome dial-plates facing both quadrangles, was the gift of the present principal, the reverend Henry Foulkes, D. D. 0 Partly with the 600l. left by principal Edwards. Between this part of the quadrangle and the opposite corner, are two comfortable rooms: one handsomely furnished, with carved wainscoting, &c. is used as a bursary; the other is the common-room of the fellows. P In the almanac for that year, engraved by Vertue, this battle- mented story appears for the first time. In the view by Williams, in 1733, the dormer windows of the garrets are seen as in Loggan's time. The alteration therefore took place in the time of Dr. Thomas Pardo; who was principal 36 years, from July 1727 to April 1763. a Whyte hall, and several others, one of which is mentioned as early as 1259, and said to be inhabited by WELSH Scholars, were 16 JESUS COLLEGE. EMINENT MEN. This establishment has produced sixteen prelates; two of whom were principals of the college; and the celebrated primate, archbishop Usher, though not educated here, was admitted on the books as 'Jacobus Armachanus,' and is said to have occupied one of the halls, probably Lawrence hall, opposite to Exeter college. Of the twenty principals, who have governed the col- lege from the foundation, by far the greater part have been natives of Wales. The names of Powell, Davies, Prichard, Howell, Lloyd, Herbert, Williams, Lucas, &c. are familiar among the writers of the principality; to whom we may add Dr. William Worthington, Dr. Henry Owen, and Dr. James Bandinel, public orator of the university, and the first Bampton lecturer. John Price, B.D. the late venerable Bodleian librarian, was first a scholar of this society, and afterwards admitted a member of Trinity college. WA.GELAMOTTE SEL 3 الحر ww 分 ​DEWITT 20 THE HALL, &c. situated chiefly on the western and southern parts of the college. There was also an open space, near Plumers' hall, called Plummerys' place, with gardens and elm trees, whence Elm hall; the property chiefly of the abbeys of Oseney, Ensham, and Godstow. A few pol- lard elms and remains of gardens are still visible near Ship lane. wwwww EMackenzie TTTTT WADHAM COLLEGE J. Le Keux. 185 MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. WADELAMOTTE DEL- THE CHAPEL, &c. FROM THE GARDEN. WADHAM COLLEGE. O.JEWITT IT is well known, that the site of this college was for- merly occupied by some extensive buildings belonging to the Augustinian friars; who, coming into England about the middle of the thirteenth century, or at an earlier pe- riod according to some accounts, were encouraged by the patronage of sir John Handlow, of Borstall in Bucking- hamshire, to settle a colony of their brethren in this place. Here they taught theology and philosophy; and in process of time they became so famous, that for nearly three centuries after their dissolution the practice of hold- ing disputations apud Augustinenses,' colloquially called a These were afterwards enjoined by the statutes of the university to be held in the school of Natural Philosophy, every Saturday in full 40 B 2 WADHAM COLLEGE. 'doing Austins,' continued without interruption, and was only abolished by the introduction of the new statute of examination in the year 1800. Of this important esta- blishment no traces now remain, except in some portions of the external walls; for, the principal buildings having been demolished for the sake of the materials, the present college was erected on an entirely new foun- dation and though some persons are inclined to believe, that some of the identical windows of the Augustinian church or chapel have been preserved, there is no satis- factory evidence of the fact. The FOUNDER.-Though very little is known of the personal history of Nicholas Wadham, the founder of this college, yet his family had long flourished in great respectability in the west of England. William de Wad- ham occurs as a freeholder of the land of East and West term, from one to three in the afternoon; and every bachelor of arts, after his Lent determination, was bound to dispute there once every year, either as opponent or respondent, before he could proceed to his master's degree. Vid. Stat. Tit. VI. §. ii. 10—11. Wood ap. Peshall, p. 246. I ↳ Particularly on the southern and eastern sides of the college. In the latter part, a door-way leading from the garden appears, from its style and construction, and its ancient lock of enormous size, to be an- terior to the present college. The more modern east wall of the fel- lows' garden is attributed to Robert Smyth M. D. mayor of Wells, formerly a member of the college, who built it at his own expense in 1685. The appellation of Buller's non ultra walk, mentioned by Wood and Hearne, is now become obsolete. The new building on the south side of the front of the college was erected in 1693-4.; beyond which was the old gateway leading to the Augustinian friary, al- tered only a few years since, when twelve sets of rooms were added to the college, between this gateway and the King's Arms. The site was formerly occupied by an old building, doubtless part of the friary, which was standing within the memory of persons now living, and of which an engraving may be seen in Skelton's Oxonia, pl. 153. Fur- ther to the south was Almshouse Place, mentioned by Wood. WADHAM COLLEGE. 3 Wadham in the county of Devon, in the reign of king Edward I, and sir John Wadham, knt. was one of the justices of the common pleas in the reign of Richard II. The mother of Nicholas Wadham was one of the daugh- ters and coheirs of John Tregarthin in the county of Cornwall, esq. and is described on her monument in the church of Branscombe, in Devonshire, where she was buried in the year 1581, as descended from the ancient house of the PLANTAGENETS, Prince seems to suppose, not without reason, that her son Nicholas Wadham was born at Egge, or Edge, in the parish of Branscombe, an ancient seat of the family; but by what means, or at what time, they first came to be possessed of their noble moated seat of Mery- feild,' in the parish of Ilminster, in the county of Somer- set, he could not find. The other seat they possessed through eight descendants, in a direct line; five of whom were knights; and became allied by marriage to many great and noble houses: as Plantagenet, Wrothesley, Bridges, Popham, Strangways, Tregarthin, &c. The founder's birth has been carried back nearly to the year 1530; for according to Wood and his other biogra- phers he was admitted an independent member, either of Christ Church or Corpus, about the year 1548. We c See Prince's Worthies of Devon, p. 748, ed. 1810. Another Wil- liam Wadham, or de Wadham, was sheriff of Devon, 20 Hen. VI. 1441, and a Nicholas Wadham also occurs as sheriff in 1499. d In a short MS. biography of the founder preserved in the college, which is signed 'Nath. Whally,' and was written at no great distance of time from the death of Nicholas Wadham, he is said positively to have been Coll. C. C. ad tempus Commensalis, unde discessit, et vitam aulicam aliquantisper ingressus est.' After speaking of his mar- riage the biographer thus proceeds: Inde ad vitam privatam sese contulit; ubi hospitalitate omnibus circumquaque seu nobilibus seu B 2 4 WADHAM COLLEGE. need not be surprised therefore, if tradition should be busy in attributing to him a partiality to the old reli- gion, in which he was born; having also married a daughter of sir William Petre, who was secretary of state in four reigns; and having, like him, ample oppor- tunities in a long life, of observing the degrading and dangerous tendency of the opposite extreme. He is said even to have contemplated the foundation of a col- lege at Venice, for the reception of English scholars of the Roman catholic persuasion; but fortunately, by the advice of a friend, Mr. Crange, he was induced to make a better use of the abundance which Providence had be- stowed on him, by erecting an additional college in Ox- ford, for the benefit and advantage of the church of Eng- land, and the extension of general literature. For this purpose he set apart a considerable sum of money, and made inquiry after an eligible spot of ground for the site of his intended college; but death intercepted his benevo- lent designs on the 20th of October, 1609. The FOUNDRESS.-Dorothy Wadham, the founder's excellent widow, who was appointed with certain trus- tees the executrix of his will, fully performed the inten- tions of her husband without delay; and accordingly purchased, 29 May, 1610, of the citizens of Oxford, to whom the property then belonged, the site and remaining ruins of the abovementioned Austin friary, for the sum of 6007. The first stone of the new fabric was laid with the usual ceremonies, on the 31st of July in the same year, in the eastern part of the college, where the chapel stands ; generosis antecellebat. Pauperibus præter aliam quotidianam munifi- centiam Ptochotrophium erexit diu ante mortem.' The account con- cludes by stating that he died in the seventieth year of his age. WADHAM COLLEGE. 5 the vice-chancellor, doctors, proctors, and others, accom- panied by the mayor and his brethren, having walked in procession from St. Mary's church, whilst Te Deum' was chaunted by the singing men and choristers; and the whole was concluded with an oration and an anthem. 00h 4 MADELANOTTE DEL D.JEWITT SC THE WARDEN'S LODGINGS. The whole fabric of the college appears to have been finished in somewhat less than three years; for the royal license being obtained, and the foundation charter issued, the foundress proceeded on the 20th of April, 1613, to authorize the admission of the first warden, Robert Wright, D.D. with the fifteen fellows, fifteen scholars, e He was a native of St. Alban's; elected scholar of Trinity college in 1574, fellow in 1581; afterward chaplain to queen Elizabeth and king James I. rector of Sunning, canon residentiary and treasurer of Wells. He continued warden little more than four months, being suc- ceeded by John Flemmyng, B. D. who was admitted on the nomination of the foundress, Sept. 2, 1613. Dr. Wright was consecrated bishop of Bristol, March 23, 1622-3, and about ten years afterwards translated to the see of Lichfield and Coventry. At the advanced age of eighty and B 3 6 WADHAM COLLEGE. two chaplains, &cf.; the warden by the hands of the vice-chancellor in Adam de Brom's chapel, in St. Mary's church, before several heads of houses and the proctors, the rest by the warden in the college hall in the afternoon of the same day. By the statutes, the warden is to be elected from those who are or have been fellows, who are themselves elected from the scholars. The fellows may profess what faculty upwards, unsubdued by persecution and imprisonment, he retired to his episcopal castle at Eccleshall in Staffordshire; where he bravely died in the defence of it, when besieged by sir William Brereton and the rebels, in the latter end of August, 1643. He was buried in the parish church of Eccleshall. There are portraits of him at Wadham, at Trinity, and elsewhere. See more in Warton's Life of Pope, ed. 1780, p. 393-4; where some Latin verses of his are quoted of a supe- rior kind. He seems to have been an elegant scholar. It may be interesting to observe the earliest mode of Caution' adopted in this college. A copy of the following bond, in the hand- writing of each of the original fellows, with the names of his pupils subjoined, is preserved in the college treasury. Ego A. B. agnosco et fateor me teneri et firmiter obligari Gardiano, Sociis, et Scholaribus Collegii Wadhami in Universitate Oxon, et ex fundatione Nicolai Wadhami Armigeri defuncti et Dorothea consortis ejus, ad satisfaciendu dicto Collegio secundū statuta, ordinationes, et decreta ejusdem, pro oibus et singulis expensis ac debitis, quibus liber septimanalis computi Bursarioru me meosq' pupillos (quorum nomina hic inferius mea manu scribuntur) aut nostru quemlibet dictù colle- giù quomodolibet onerasse testabitur, in decem libris bonæ legalis mo- netæ Angliæ solvendis eisdem Gardiano, Sociis, Scholaribus, et suc- cessoribus suis, aut certo Attornato, si in p'missis aut eoru aliquo prædicto collegio a me no fuerit satisfactu: ad quã quidem solutioné bene et fideliter facienda obligo me hæredes et administratores meos per p'sentes manu mea scriptas, et nomine meo post nomina eorù, quos meos pupillos esse agnosco, mea etiam manu scripto signatas. Volo autem hanc obligationem, si p'dicta observetur satisfactio et fiat juxta statuta et decreta (ut dictu est) irritam prorsus esse et nullius roboris, alias valituram et in suo robore permansuram. Julii decimo 1613. The present mode, of requiring cautionary deposits from the pupils themselves, renders such obligations from the tutors unneces- sary. WADHAM COLLEGE. they please; but they must relinquish their fellowships after the completion of eighteen years from the expiration of their regency. For three of the scholarships a pre- ference is given to the founder's kin, and for the like number to natives of Somerset and Essex respectively; the rest may be filled from any county in Great Britain. BENEFACTORS. We find scarcely the name of any benefactor to this college for more than forty years after its foundation; till John Goodridge, or Goodrich, M. A. sometime fellow, afterwards warden of Trinity hospital at Greenwich, and professor of rhetoric in Gresham college, by his will dated 25 Nov. 1654, and proved in December following, bequeathed to the college his lands at Walt- hamstow; with all his goods, and outstanding debts, whether in specialty or otherwise; estimated altogether to produce about sixty pounds per annum; on condition of their paying certain exhibitions to a variety of persons, officers and scholars of the college. Of this first benefac- tor a small portrait is preserved in the hall. The next benefactor on record, if we except those who gave books to the library, whom we shall have occasion to notice hereafter, was the learned Humphrey Hody, D. D., some- time fellow, regius professor of Greek and archdeacon of Oxford, who had been domestic chaplain to two archbi- shops of Canterbury. He died Jan. 20, 1706-7; and was buried in the college chapel; having founded ten ex- hibitions of ten pounds each, since considerably increased, four for students in Hebrew, and six for students in Greek; who are examined every term, as to their profi- ciency, by the regius professors in each department. Ba- ron Wyndham, of Arglas, lord chancellor of Ireland, who died in 1745, gave 2000l. to the college; of which, 15007. were to be appropriated to the increase of the warden's C 4 8 WADHAM COLLEGE. stipend, and the remainder to the repairs of the build- ings. Samuel Lisle, D. D., sometime warden, and after- ward successively bishop of St. Asaph and Norwich, who died in 1749, founded an exhibition of 127. per annum . Richard Warner, esq., of Woodford Row, Essex, who was also a benefactor to the library, founded a botanical exhibition in 1775. Other trifling exhibitions have been founded by sir Benjamin Maddox, the Rev. Henry Pi- gott, B. D., and Dr. James Gerard, who was warden from 1777 to 1783, and afterwards rector of Risborough. But the greatest and most considerate benefactor, both to his college and to the university at large, was Dr. John Wills, who died warden in 1806. Besides a large addi- tion to the warden's stipend, he left 1000l. to improve the lodgings; and, subject to legacy tax, two exhibitions of 1007. each to two fellows, students or practitioners in law or medicine; 207. each to two scholars, students in the same faculties; 30 guineas yearly to a divinity lecturer and preacher; 751. per annum to one superannuate fellow, and 50%. to another, &c. His benefactions to the vice- chancellor for the time being, to the Bodley librarian, to the theatre, to the university press, to the infirmary, and other public establishments, belong not strictly to our province to record in this place: but, after providing for these great objects, and leaving some legacies to very distant relations, &c. the residue of his property he be- queathed to the college, as a fund to accumulate for the purchase of advowsonsh. g There is a manuscript Life of bishop Lisle in the college library, by his domestic chaplain, the reverend Gilbert Bouchery, sometime fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Most of the particulars are ex- tracted in a note by Mr. Gutch, Colleges &c. p. 597–8. His name was inserted in the Album of benefactors to the uni- versity, by an act of convocation, 20 Oct. 1808. F.Mackenzie. THE HALL OF WADHAM COLLEGE. Published April 11836.tby.J.H.Parker, Oxford, C.Tilt Fleet St.Londous et Le Kewe Harmondsworth. J. Le Keax WADHAM COLLEGE. 9 лично имаат wwwwwww W.LOCLAMOTTE DEL THE HALL, &c. FROM HOLYWELL. O JEWITTS: BUILDINGS. Fuller, in his description of the several colleges in Oxford, pronounces Wadham 'the most uni- form;' and so it has continued to this day, having ex- perienced less alteration and innovation than any other. Built of excellent materials, and compact masonry, the fabric is as fair and substantial as if constructed yester- day. It is not improbable, that some of the old mate- rials of the dissolved priory were used; for the absence of any very extensive buildings in the map of Agas is by no means conclusive against their existence at the time; ruins being frequently omitted, except where they were considerable, as in the case of Oseney, &c. Wood ex- pressly states, that certain ruinous buildings' were pulled down in the year 1610, as soon as the site was conveyed to the widow of Nicholas Wadham, prepara- tory to the commencement of the new work; the first 10 WADHAM COLLEGE. stone of which was laid, as we have already mentioned, on the 31st of July in that same year. The architect is concluded to have been Thomas Holt of York; from whose designs also, executed either by the Bentleys or John Acroide, arose soon after, not only the public schools, but the new buildings at Merton, Oriel, Jesus, University, Exeter, &c. THE HALL. From the date given in the inscription over the entrance into the hall, or refectory, it appears that the whole fabric was completed on the 20th of April, 1613; on which day the new warden admitted the fel- lows and other members. It is probable, however, that nearly ten years elapsed before the completion of all the ornamental work both within and without since we find the date of 1622 accompanying the splendid he- raldry of the first two bishops of Bath and Wells in suc- cession, who were visitors of this college; and the same date, with that of 1615 and 1616, is recorded also in in- scriptions on the old glass in the chapel windows. Over the door of entrance, facing the quadrangle, is the statue of king James I. in his royal robes, under a canopy, &c. with the royal arms of the union above, and the two figures of Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham below; the former in armour, holding in his right hand the model of the college. Between them, on a tablet, is the inscrip- tion above mentioned, which will be found printed at large in the work of Mr. Gutch, and most other accounts i 'The whole was finished at the expense of 11,3601. in the begin- ning of 1613. Gutch, in his additions to Wood's Colleges, &c. p. 599 ; from a very full and accurate MS. account of all the sums of money expended on the buildings, &c. preserved in the college treasury. This MS. contains about 250 pages in folio. It should be remarked, that in the above sum is included the expense of kitchen furniture, plate, &c. WADHAM COLLEGE. 11 of the college. The whole was not many years since carefully and substantially restored. Considerable improvements and embellishments have been recently introduced into this hall, particularly dur- ing the wardenship of the late Dr. Tournay; who en- riched it with two magnificent ormolu chandeliers, and gave the splendid glass in the great south window. The large oriel window was filled with the arms of the chief worthies of the college by the munificence of the Rev. William Wilson, B. D. of Worton, Oxfordshire, vicar of Walthamstow, Essex; and other members of the col- lege contributed to adorn the side windows with their respective arms. The fine oak screen and timber roof were at the same time restored; so that the whole struc- ture now exhibits one of the most handsome and appro- priate specimens of collegiate refectories to be found in either university. It is 82 feet in length, 35 in breadth, and 37 in height. The portraits, which are too nume- rous to be here specified, will be found described in the Oxford guide of 1834. The COMMON ROOM, which is of good proportions, and embellished by some admirable carving, is over the buttery, between the ante-chapel and the hall; command- ing a pleasing prospect eastward over Holywell Church to Headington hill, Joe Pullen's tree, &c. Besides a por- trait of bishop Wilkins, sometime warden, and an excel- lent picture by Sonman of the celebrated Alice Georgek, this room has lately been ornamented by a very choice k This portrait was painted in 1691, and presented to the society by the artist. Alice George died about three years afterwards at the age of 120. Besides what is said of her by Gutch and other writers, an accurate account of her on March 1st, 1681, when she was 108 years old, is preserved in Locke's diary under that date. See lord King's Life of Locke, p. 131, published in 1829. 12 WADHAM COLLEGE. and highly finished painting on panel by Van Delen, of the date of 1647, which was presented to the society by John Poynder, esq. The subject is the Pool of Bethesda with its five porticoes, and affords ample room for the display of the noble taste in architecture, and accurate knowledge of perspective, for which this master was so remarkably eminent. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries, and it is said that Vandyck and other celebrated masters of that period frequently inserted figures in his architectural pieces. The figures in this painting are well designed, skilfully grouped, and greatly enliven the scene: there is little doubt that the one in the left hand corner is intended for a portrait of Van Delen himself. The LIBRARY is built over the kitchen, beyond the quadrangle; forming an additional wing to corre- spond with the chapel on the opposite side, and con- nected with it by means of a cloister; giving to this side of the college a truly monastic appearance. Its di- mensions are 55 feet by 30; and at the end it is lighted by a handsome window of broad proportions, though the side windows are small, to admit of more room for books. The first benefactor, before the foundress had finished the structure, was Philip Bisse, D. D. sometime of Mag- dalene college; afterwards subdean of Wells and arch- deacon of Taunton; who dying about the year 1612, aged 72, left his library, consisting of two thousand books, va- lued at a sum which appears now to be incredible. The 1 Wood ap. Gutch, says 1700l. for which Mr. Chalmers substitutes 7001. considering the other sum utterly improbable. The foundress, in a spirit of gratitude for this benefaction, ordered a full length por- trait of him, in his doctoral formalities, to be placed over the library door, with an appropriate inscription, which is preserved by Mr. Gutch. Ibid. p. 601. She also in the same spirit chose John Swadell, WADHAM COLLEGE. 13 foundress herself gave several books: to which consider- able additions were made by lady Mary Dymock and others in 1627-28-29. Dr. Humphrey Henchman, bi- shop of London, who had been accommodated at the warden's lodgings when the parliament sat at Oxford, and had rendered essential services to the royal cause, gave 207. in the year 1665 for the use of the library. Among the more modern contributors are recorded sir William Godolphin, who gave many books in the Spa- nish language, collected whilst he was employed in an embassy to Spain; and Richard Warner, esq. the friend of Garrick and glossarist of Shakespeare; who at his death in 1775 bequeathed a valuable collection of prints and books, chiefly relating to natural history, botany, English poetry, &c. and founded also the botanical exhibi- tion before mentioned. Samuel Bush, M. A. vicar of Wad- hurst, in Sussex, who died in 1783, is also commemo- rated as a contributor to this library; which, in addition to its early printed books, classical and theological works, &c. is also rich in French, Italian, and Spanish litera- ture. The CHAPEL of this college presents some curious anomalies; which it is difficult to reconcile with the ge- neral idea of uniformity, for which its character has been so long established. Whether the stone-work of the original windows of the Augustinian chapel was pre- a nephew of Dr. Bisse, to be one of her first fellows, although he had not yet taken any degree, "ob singularem amorem," as she says John Buller, John Buller, esq., who 1 herself, "avunculi sui erga collegium meum." died in August 1634, ' a decayed gentleman,' according to Wood, and ' heir to 800l. per annum,' was put in butler by the foundress, to whom he was nearly allied. His favourite walk, formerly called after his name, was probably under the ancient wall, which formed the northern boundary of the Augustinians, and now divides the college garden from that of the warden. Both gardens are extensive and beautiful. 14 WADHAM COLLEGE. served among the 'ruinous buildings' noticed by Wood, and incorporated into the new work by Holt, John Acroide, and others who were the principal architects and builders employed in Oxford from Bodley's time to the year 1631, when the last named died; or whether any ar- chitectural genius of that age could produce such tracery, as we see in the side windows, rivalling that of the purest specimens in the reign of Henry VI. must now be matter of conjecture: for we have not hitherto dis- covered any documentary evidence on the subject. The windows of the antechapel, however dissimilar and infe- rior in taste, are more in the style of that age"; yet what boldness and elasticity of manner are exemplified in the lofty pillars and arches which support the roof! At all events, there was enough of taste and splendour in this edifice, and at the same time a sufficient variety of con- struction, to justify Mr. Blore in recurring to the ex- amples of an earlier age in his beautiful renovation of the east end and cieling, under the direction and super- intendence of the present warden. The workmanship of the whole is exquisitely finished. The ancient glass by Bernard Van Ling has been preserved; and the society are still proceeding, with laudable spirit and perseverance, to the complete restoration of the remaining windows ". The floor of the chapel was paved with marble in 1677 and the following year, the expense being chiefly m Probably in accordance with those of the hall. The chapel, hall, and library are terminated by single windows of large dimensions; each exhibiting tracery perfectly different, and all equally interesting, as indicative of the unsettled state of our architecture at that period- a period of transition, which naturally produced anomalies. n A curious letter is preserved in the college, illustrative of the con- tracts with glass stainers, and the contract for the east window at 1007. signed by Bernard Van Ling in 1621, is still extant. 1 WADHAM COLLEGE. 15 defrayed by payments received from all who had been admitted fellow-commoners of the college subsequently to July 30, 1669. In 1832, when the recent alterations were commenced, a large monument to the memory of sir John Portman, of the county of Somerset, baronet, a fellow-commoner of the college, who died in 1624, was removed from the interior, where it stood against the north wall near the communion table, and placed in the ante-chapel; in which there are also several other monu- ments. Those recently erected to the memory of the two preceding wardens, beautifully designed by Mr. Blore, have the following inscriptions: IOANNES WILLS S.T.P. HVIVS COLLEGII PRAEFECTVS SOLLERS GNAVVS FIDELIS VIXIT ANNIS LAVI. DECESSIT XVI. KAL. IVLII ANNO SACRO M. DCCC. VI. OVANTA FVERIT IN WADHAMENSES SVOS QVANTA IN ACADEMIAM MVNIFICENTIA SILET VT PAR EST HOC MARMOR VETVIT ENIM VIR LAVDE DIGNISSIMVS BENEFICIA SVA SEPVLCRALI PRAECONIO NOBILITARI. GVLIELMVS TOVRNAY S.T.P. COLLEGII HVIVSCE PRAEFECTVRAM SVMMA FIDE PER XXV. ANN. GESSIT MAGNA ANIMI CONSTANTIA DEPOSVIT ET BIENNIO EHEV VIX DVM INTERIECTO PRAEREPTVS EST XIV. KAL. SEPT. M. DCCC. XXXIII. VIRO INGENII ACVMINE IVDICII SVBTILITATE SERMONIS LEPORE IN PRIMIS MEMORANDO GARDIANVS SOCII QVE DE SE OPTIME MERITO H. M. P. CC. MORTVVS EST ET SEPVLTVS PETROBVRGI ANN. AETAT. LXXI. EMINENT MEN. To the enterprising spirit and love of science of some distinguished members of the college, viz. Wilkins, Sprat, Seth Ward, sir Christopher Wren, &c. we owe the origin of the Royal Society; which held its earliest sittings in the great room over the gateway, • Their execution also is extremely good, and does great credit to Oxford workmanship; the mason being Bossom of St. Giles's. 2 16 WADHAM COLLEGE. then part of the warden's lodgings. Dr. Wilkins, who had married a sister of Oliver Cromwell, not only fos- tered such pursuits by his own patronage and example, but also exerted his influence with the government for the encouragement of learned men P. Thomas Sprat, after- wards bishop of Rochester, most ably defended the Royal Society against the charge of scepticism. To these illus- trious names may be added those of Blake, Pratt, Ons- low, Hody, Trapp, Kennicott, Costard, Harris author of Hermes, &c., Creech, Richardson, professor White, lord Wynford, &c. It should also be recorded, that the learned Dr. Bentley was incorporated M. A. from Cambridge, in the year 1689, as a member of this college. Sixteen pre- lates were educated here, or connected with the college. P At his death in 1672, he bequeathed 400l. to the Royal Society, and 200l. to Wadham College; leaving about 9001. for his widow. Life of Anthony à Wood, Athen. Oxon. vol. I. p. xxxii. ed. Bliss. WADELAMOTTE VEL OJEWITTSC THE NEW ALTAR-SCREEN; 1832 F.Mackenzie. VIEW OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE. Published May 11886 by J.11.Parker, Cocford CTIt Fleet St London & J.Le Keux, Harmondsworth. J. Le Keux. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. O LEMITTAR THE FRONT AND LODGINGS, BEFORE THE LATE ALTERATIONS. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. THIS college derives its name from William earl of Pembroke, who was chancellor of the university at the time of its foundation. But though of modern growth, its site was once occupied by some of the most an- cient tenements within the precincts of the university and city. The most considerable of these acquired the appellation of BROADGATES' HALL, from a pair of large gates at its entrance, opposite to the south-east corner of St. Aldate's churchyard. Here was a distinguished man- sion, as Wood believes, before the Norman conquest, be- longing to the priory of St. Frides wide; from which the canons of that church received a certain quitrent beyond all record, as appears from some notes inserted in their early registers. Here also their novices were instructed in their juvenile studies. Hence the place itself, together 41 B 2 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. with St. Aldate's church adjoining, is described in the Abingdon register, temp. Henry I, as monasterium a quoddam S. Aldati episcopi venerationi consecratum.' This same mansion appears to have been occupied for many generations by the family of Seagram, or Segrim; a name which occurs three times in the Domesday Sur- vey of Oxford among the tenants of houses; from whom it was denominated Segrim hall, or Segrim house b: which continued to be its appellation till it assumed that of Broadgates' hall, about the beginning of the reign of Henry VI. This house, according to Wood, was always possessed by scholars, and chiefly by those of the civil and canon law, till it fell into the hands of king Henry VIII. Car- dinal Wolsey had previously demolished a great num- ber of decayed tenements adjoining, and had begun the p. a Not that monastery, however, as observed by Wood in a note 614, 'was the Saxon word for a church;' cypic, from kupιakǹ, ‘the Lord's house,' being the common appellation, from which our present word is derived, as well as 'kirk' in Scotland. When mýnstre, monasterium, or monasteriolum, is used for a church, it is by subau- dition or catachresis. See our account of St. Martin's and St. Aldate's church; where we have shewn, that the word was adopted to signify a church connected with a monastery, or served from it: and it is remarkable that St. Aldate's church consisted formerly of two moieties, being divided between Abingdon abbey and St. Frideswide's, with an alternate right of presentation. b From the marginal rubric in the Little Register of St. Frides- wide's, p. 48, it appears to have been held in demesne; the title of the charter, No. 82, being thus stated: De magna domo Segrim quæ est in dominico.' This is a charter of quitclaim, in which Richard Segrim surrenders for ever, to God and the church of St. Frides- wide, &c., that great messuage which is situated in the corner of the cemetery of St. Aldate's in Oxford.' In return the canons agree to receive him into their family fraternity, to participate in their chap- ter and all their spiritual goods, and after his death to find a chaplain canon to celebrate, &c. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 3 almshouse eastward, opposite to his new college, when his sudden fall suspended all his great designs. The pre- mises, however, continued to be occupied by academical students, under a succession of learned principals; and Broadgates' hall enjoyed a considerable reputation till within a very few years of the establishment of the pre- sent college on its site. Wood has furnished us with an imperfect list of the principals d, repeated by Mr. Chalmers; the last of whom, according to these writers, was the celebrated Dr. John Budden, the biographer of Waynflete, and regius professor of civil law; who died here June 11, 1620, and was buried in the chancel of St. Aldate's church: but it may easily be proved, that Dr. Thomas Clayton, who was the first master of Pembroke college, was also the last principal of Broad- gates' hall. There is a list preserved in the college. The origin of the present establishment is this. Tho- mas Tesdale, esq., who died at Glympton, near Wood- stock, 13 June, 1610, by his will dated about a fortnight before, bequeathed five thousand pounds to purchase lands, &c., for the maintenance of several fellows and scholars, to be elected from the free grammar school in c As a proof of this, we need only to mention the fact, that there were 131 students here in the year 1612; a number exceeded only by five colleges and one hall. Vid. No. XVIII. Coll. Curiosa, I. 196. d It is remarkable, that John Noble, LL. B. whose beautiful mo- nument of alabaster we have already noticed, is not mentioned by Wood in the proper place; and he is entirely omitted in the list of Mr. Chalmers. He is described on his tomb as quondam principalis aulæ latarum portarum,' &c. He died June 2, 1522. See our ac- count of St. Aldate's church, p. 4-5, and the engraving annexed. e He is buried in the chancel of the church there, together with Maud his widow. See their epitaphs, with an account of them, in Wood ap. Gutch, Colleges, &c. pp. 626-628. The master and fel- lows restored their monuments in 1704. B 2 4 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. Abingdon into any college in Oxford. Whereupon Dr. George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, who had been a fellow of Balliol college, was anxious with many others to engraft this new foundation on that society; and for that purpose had purchased the buildings called Cæsar's Lodgings, at the northern extremity of that college f. But Richard Wightwick, B.D., sometime of Balliol col- lege, and afterward rector of East Ilsley, in Berkshire, having promised an additional benefaction of consider- able amount, a sufficient fund was supposed to be cre- ated to enable the trustees to found a separate and inde- pendent college. This design was accordingly adopted; and the site of Broadgates' hall was considered as afford- ing the most eligible spot for the purpose. In conse- quence, therefore, of a petition to the crown from the mayor, bailiffs, and burghers of Abingdon, king James I, in the 22nd year of his reign, by letters patent dated June 295, constituted the said hall of Broadgates to be one perpetual college of divinity, civil and canon law, arts, medicine, and other sciences;' to consist of one C f See our account of Balliol college, p. 11; where by some unac- countable mistake a note kindly communicated by the present master, which had a reference to the word 'University' in the fifth line, has in some copies been transferred into the text in p. 8, 1. 15; from the words This purchase was made,' &c. to the end of the paragraph. but instead of the words 'before he formed the design,' &c. we ought to read 'before the design was formed,' &c.; the foundation of Pem- broke college having arisen, strictly speaking, not from the original design of Mr. Tesdale, but in consequence of the benefaction of Mr. Wightwick, about fourteen years after the death of Mr. Tesdale, who is recorded in his monument as being 'beneficial to Balliol college.' g The bicentenary of this event was solemnly observed on the 29th of June, 1824; when a large assembly of the existing and former members met in the college hall, and a Latin oration was delivered on the occasion by the then senior scholar, Edmund Goodenough Bayly, afterward senior proctor of the university. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. сл 5 www W.ADELAMOTTE A NEWITT BEEF HALL LANE. master or governor, ten fellows, ten scholars, &c., to be known by the name of 'The Master, Fellows, and Scho- lars of the College of Pembroke, in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of king James, at the cost and charges of Thomas Tesdale and Richard Wightwickh.' The letters patent, which were accompanied with a li- h The names of the first master, fellows, and scholars, who were appointed by the king, are recorded by Wood ap. Gutch, p. 617, and repeated by Mr. Chalmers. The second master, Henry Wight- wick, B. D., was ejected by the parliamentary visitors soon after his election, but restored in 1660. His memorable protest against the authority of the visitors is only equalled by that of HOUGH in the reign of James II. It runs thus: I do here appear according to summons; I have seen your commission and examined it. I find his majesty's name in it, the date of the year of his reign, and a great seal annexed unto it; but whether this commission were granted and issued by his majesty's royal assent, I desire to know; and I desire leave to repair to his majesty to that end; and rather, because, if it were not granted and issued with his majesty's knowledge and assent, I cannot with a safe conscience submit to it, nor without breach of oath made to my sovereign, and breach of oaths made to the univer- sity, and breach of oaths made to my college. Et sic habetis animi- mei sententiam. HENRY WIGHTWICKE.' B 3 6 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. cense of mortmain, enabling the college to hold revenues to the amount of 7007. per annum, were read publicly in the common hall of Broadgates on the 5th of August following, 1624; there being present Dr. Prideaux, then vice-chancellor, with the proctors, and many masters of arts, and a large company of nobility and gentry from the neighbourhood, including the mayor, recorder, and burgesses of Abingdon; so that the hall was filled. On this occasion four Latin orations were delivered, which are still extant, and printed at the end of Balliofergus' under the title of Natalitia Collegii Pembrochiani Ox- onii 1624.' The last orationi is that of Dr. Thomas Clayton, regius professor of medicine, who was admitted to the mastership of the college on the same day. 6 6 By the same royal authority archbishop Abbot, the earl of Pembroke, the Vice-chancellor, sir John Benet, sir Eubule Thelwall, the master of the college, Walter Darrell, esq., recorder of Abingdon, and Richard Wight- wick, clerk, or any four or more of them, were commis- sioned and empowered to make statutes for the good i In this oration he alludes to his former possession of Broadgates' hall, saying to Dr. Prideaux: 'Hoc ipso in loco, me et res meas, au- lares, collegiales promovere dignatus es' and he calls the hall the most ancient of halls; the college, as it was then and for nearly a century afterward, the most modern of colleges. k He had been elected principal of Broadgates' hall immediately after the death of Dr. Budden, in June, 1610; and was the first re- gius professor of medicine who enjoyed the mastership of the hospital of Ewelme, after its annexation to the professorship by king James I. in 1617. He was also the first prælector of anatomy on the founda- tion of Richard Tomlyns, esq., in 1623; and had been originally a member of Gloucester hall, then of Balliol college, where he pro- ceeded M. A. in 1607, D. M. in 1611, and was for a short time pro- fessor of music in Gresham college; an honour which he resigned in 1610. He appears to have been an eminent person in his day. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 77 government of the house, and to act in matters relating to the welfare thereof. Accordingly, a body of statutes being compiled, they were subscribed, sealed, and pub- lished about four years afterwards, Dr. Frewen of Mag- dalene college being then vice-chancellor. It is herein pro- vided, that four of Mr. Tesdale's seven fellows are to be of his kindred, and all seven to proceed to the study of divinity after their Master's degree. His six scholars are to be elected from the free-school of Abingdon; two to be of his poorer kindred, if such be found; if not, two such from any other school. The other four are to be of the poorer natives of Abingdon, and of the scholars of William Bennet, esq., educated in the same school. From an estate in land, then valued at 1007. per annum, Mr. Wightwick's foundation was to consist of three fellows and four scholars; two of each to be of his own name or consanguinity, and the other three to be of the free-school of Abingdon. These latter, as well as such of Mr. Tesdale's scholars as are to come from the said school, are to be elected thence on the first Monday sub- sequent to the first Sunday after the first day of August, by the master of the college, two of the senior fellows on the Tesdale foundation, the master of Christ's hos- pital in Abingdon, two of the senior governors thereof, and the schoolmaster of the school. BENEFACTORS. The revenues of this college being inconsiderable at first, notwithstanding the double cha- racter of its foundation, many liberal benefactors soon arose to make additions to them. Juliana, the wife of Alexander Stafford, gent., of High Holborn in Middle- sex, gave five pounds yearly out of an estate in Harlow, Essex, to each of two poor scholars, so early as 1628. King Charles I, in 1636, settled on the college the B 4 8 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 6 patronage of the rectory of St. Aldate's church, and founded a fellowship for a native of Jersey or Guern- sey, to be nominated by the dean and jurats of those islands, and to be maintained from lands at Harley- ford, &c. Francis Rous, B. A., of this college, whom Wood calls one of Oliver Cromwell's lords,' and who was made provost of Eton by the long parliament in 1643, gave 607. yearly, a little before his death, for the maintenance of three scholars for seven years each. Sir John Benet, K. B., afterward lord Ossulston, brother to the earl of Arlington, who was grandson to the founder Tesdale, and sometime gentleman commoner here, added two fellowships and two scholarships about the year 1672¹. George Townsend, esq., of Rowell, in Gloucestershire, in 1683, founded eight exhibitions for scholars from the grammar-schools of Gloucester, Chel- tenham, Camden, and Northleach. Bishop Morley, who died in 1684, bestowed five exhibitions; three for na- tives of Jersey, and two for natives of Guernsey. Lady Holford founded two exhibitions here for Charter-house exhibitioners, by will dated 1717. There are also a few other exhibitions by different personsm. Cutler Boulter, the founder of the alms-house called after his name, left two scholarships, to be conferred on relations; and Dr. Ratcliff, master of the college, endowed a scholarship, in 1/ 1 Loggan dedicated to him his print of the college about 1675. m The annexation of a prebendal stall in the cathedral church of Gloucester to the mastership of this college took place in the 12th year of queen Anne, and was confirmed by act of parliament. Dr. Mat- thew Panting, instituted rector of St. Ebbe's and master of the col- lege in 1714, succeeded to the first vacant stall four years afterwards. He died Feb. 12, 1738, aged 55, and was buried in St. Aldate's church; where his widow, the daughter of T. Thornton, of Brockhall in North- amptonshire, erected a monument to his memory. F.Mackenzie. THE QUADRANGLE OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE. Published May 11830 by J. H.Parker, Oxford C.lt, Fleet St London & J.Je Keux, Harmondsworth ררררה J. Le Keux. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 9 favour of the sons of clergymen in the diocese of Glouces- ter, at the disposal of the master of the college. Another benefactor of importance was sir John Phillips, bart., who in 1749 founded a fellowship and scholarship, and gave the united livings of West Haroldston and Lambston in Pembrokeshire. Dr. Smyth, master of the college, who died in 1809, left the reversion of his property, after the death of three legatees, for the purchase of livings for those foundations to which none were previously at- tached; and the society have from this fund already pur- chased the rectory of Brinkworth in Wiltshire. In honour of William, the great earl of Pembroke, his successors in the chancellorship of the university are always visitors of this college. GLL ANCIENT HALLS. OVEWITT SC BUILDINGS.-On the transmutation of Broadgates' hall into Pembroke college, in 1624, various other adja- cent tenements and buildings were gradually purchased, and converted to the use of the new establishment: among the rest, Abingdon chambers, Cambey's lodgings, and New college lodgings. Cambey's lodgings, so called 10 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. from a family of that name, by one of whom they were held under St. Frideswide's priory in 1517, about which time they were fitted up for the students of Broadgates' hall, and rebuilt by principal Summaster in 1596, were sold to the college so early as 1626, and after some alterations became the lodgings of the master, being situated between the common gate and Beef hall lane". The present lodgings, which were built entirely new from the foundation in 1695°, on the same site, with the ex- ception of a little projection into Beef hall lane to the north, remained in their original state till the recent im- provements took place in 1829, 30 P. Adjoining to these lodgings, westward, was formerly a tenement belonging to Magdalene college, called Mine, Mignot, or Minote hall, and afterwards Summaster's lodgings. The lease of this tenement was conveyed to the college in 1629. In the same year another tenement, held by lease under All Souls' college, was conveyed to n A view of these lodgings, as well as of the old halls adjoining, with their gardens and all the appurtenances thereunto belonging, is preserved in Loggan's print: but the tower gateway appears to have been built about twenty years after his time, in a different situa- tion, as seen in the print by Williams. See also our engraving, p. 1. • This was done chiefly at the expense of John Hall, D. D., elected master December 31, 1664. He was chosen lady Margaret's pro- fessor of divinity in 1676, and continued to be re-elected to the office till his resignation of it in 1691, being then promoted to the see of Bristol. He held the rectory of St. Aldate's in commendam with the mastership and the bishopric till the day of his death, Feb. 4, 1709. He was buried at Bromsgrove in Worcestershire; having lived to the age of 77. In Richardson's Godwin, p. 567, he is called Josephus Hall' by mistake, being thus confounded with the pious and learned bishop of Exeter, afterwards of Norwich, of that name. : p On the western side of the building the original design of the ar- chitect of 1695 may still be seen; a few of the windows only having been altered by the removal of the cruciform mullions. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 11 them by Thomas Ray of New Woodstock. This was divided into Durham or St. Michael's hall, and St. James's hall, situated between Minote hall on the east, and Beef hall on the west. These buildings still remain on the right hand as we pass into the fellows' garden, and are partly inhabited by students. Beef hall, anciently called Aula bovina, chiefly celebrated for legists, Wyld's entry, and a space formerly occupied by Wolstan or Dunstan hall, were added by purchase at the same time. Abing- don and New college chambers lay on the east side of Broadgates' hall, on part of which the east side of the present quadrangle was erected with the monies of Tes- dale and Wightwick, and other benefactors. No less than four dates are assigned by Wood for the gradual completion of this quadrangle; viz. 1670, 73, 91, 94. The common gate, as it existed before the late altera- tions, with two or more rooms over it, is referred by him to this latter period. One upper set of rooms, ever memorable for the residence of Dr. Johnson therein dur- ing the period of his education in this college, remain very little altered in the interior; though the external front has been entirely rebuilt, and an additional story with an open battlement raised above it. The HALL, or common refectory, on the right hand of the entrance gateway, is the same which belonged to Broadgates' hall; the transverse addition at the upper end being first projected by Dr. Clayton in the year 1620. ¶ It is remarkable, that in the print of this college by Williams in his Oxonia depicta, which appeared about the year 1733, the tower gateway, as finished in 1694, is first seen in the angular situation which the present gateway occupies; whereas in the print of Loggan a tower-gateway of a very different design is represented in the centre of the northern front, without any other entrance. See p. 10. 12 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. This room, which is ornamented with a few interest- ing portraits, a bust of Dr. Johnson by Bacon, given by the father of the late Samuel Whitbread, esq., M. P., and also with a bust of Davies Gilbert, esq., D.C.L. by diploma, late president of the Royal Society, has been recently repaired and improved, and enlarged at a con- siderable expense. The first LIBRARY belonging to this college was the large room over the south aisle of St. Aldate's church, formerly called Docklington's aisle, from sir John de Docklington, who built it in the reign of Edward III.r This was used in ancient times as a civil law school, according to Wood, but erected long after the aisle un- derneath; probably for the use of the law students of the adjoining halls of Broadgates, Beef, (Bovina), Wolstan, Bole or Bull, (Taurina), Mossey, &c. Like other schools, it was also used as a library; the books being in those days chained to desks, or kept in chests under lock and key. It is expressly mentioned as a library in the church- wardens' accounts, 26 Hen. VIII, an annual rent of 17. 6s. 8d. being then paid for the use of its. But the reforming visitors of Edward the Sixth having emptied this and almost every other library of its contents, it was discontinued as a library till Broadgates' hall was converted into Pembroke college; and Wood states, that it was partly employed for chambers some years before the grand rebellion. It was however repaired, furnished and restored, at the expense of Dr. Clayton, the first master, with the assistance of other benefactors, who r See our account of St. Aldate's church, p. 4. s Wood's MSS. Ashm. D. 2. 67, transcribed from the parish chest July 28, 1665, Mr. Bolles, or Bowles, being then rector of St. Aldate's church. These accounts extend to 12 Hen. IV. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 13 also contributed books: among whom we find the names of William Gardiner of Linton, sir Robert Han- son of London, knt., and Dr. John Wall, sometime a student and afterwards a canon of Christ Church, and rector of St. Aldate's churcht. This library, not- withstanding its inconvenient situation, continued to be used till the year 1709; when Dr. John Hall, the then master, and bishop of Bristol, bequeathed his whole col- lection of books to the society: and, a room being after- wards constructed over the hall on purpose to receive them, the other books belonging to the college were in due time removed thither from the room over the south aisle of the church ". The CHAPEL.-The rectory of St. Aldate's church having been appropriated to the college by Charles I. soon after its foundation, the society resorted to it as their ordinary place of worship; and used the south aisle, called Docklington's aisle, for their daily service, for more than a century. It is probable also, from the locality of Noble's tomb, that this aisle had been long previously used by the students of Broadgates' hall, for a similar purpose. The present CHAPEL is conveniently situated within t He was a great benefactor to the city of Oxford; having bestowed a gift of 10007. in 1664, and a legacy of 1000l. more at his death in 1666, besides 401. in charitable bequests to poor widows in Oxford. He was a native of London. See Wood ap. Gutch, Colleges, &c. pp. 496, 512, and MSS. Ashm. F. 4. 112. u This room is now rented of the parish by the official of the arch- deaconries of Oxford and Berks; and some valuable records are there deposited, some of which perhaps have been there from the time of John Noble, who was archdeacon's official more than 300 years ago. It is much to be wished, that a stone pinnacle, or an embattled para- pet, were substituted for the present disgraceful termination of the staircase leading to this room. 14 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. the limits of the college, and forms the south side of a court between the old quadrangle and the master's gar- den. It was begun from the foundation in the year 1728, the same year in which Dr. Johnson was admitted a member of the college, and finished in about four years; being consecrated July 10, 1732, by Dr. John Potter, bishop of Oxford: on which occasion a sermon was preached by Dr. Panting, then master, from Gen. xxviii. 20-22*. This edifice, which was built partly at the expense of Bartholomew Tipping, esq., of Ox- ford, with the aid of other contributors, who are re- corded in a benefaction book in the college, is small but elegant; being ornamented with Ionic pilasters between the windows, and surmounted by a panelled parapet, which judiciously conceals the roof. The interior is very neat; and the altarpiece is a copy by Cranke from a painting of Rubens at Antwerp, repre- senting our Saviour after his resurrection. This was presented to the society by Joseph Plymley, A. B., of Longnor in Shropshire, formerly a gentleman commoner of the college. On the screen are represented the arms < × This sermon, entitled, 'Religious Vows,' was printed at Oxford in the same year, in quarto; but is now become scarce. See p. 8. y A different character from Master William Tipping,' one of the parliamentary visitors in 1647-8, whom Wood describes as a 'busy and whimsical fellow,' who wrote a silly treatise on Eternity,' and was therefore called Eternity Tipping,' by way of eminence. He had a house in Canditch, now the Broad-street, where the visitors some- times met; who also thrust out Mr. Wightwick from his headship of Pembroke college, by virtue of an instrument stuck up in the common hall there by Tipping, &c.-Wood's Annals, II. 522, 525. C z Mr. Plymley has taken the name of Corbett, and is now the ve- nerable archdeacon of Salop. He has had three sons at Pembroke college; and, in addition to the picture in the chapel, has presented to the college a portrait of Dr. Johnson, which is in the master's lodg- PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 15 of Bartholomew Tipping, esq., the principal benefactor, with his motto: VIVE UT VIVAS.' The interior has been very recently repaired and improved. EMINENT MEN. Many prelates and other eminent persons were either educated or resided some time in Broadgates' hall: among whom we may mention Philip Repyngdon, the noted Wycliffist, a secular canon of Lei- cester; who, being reconciled to archbishop Courtney, was restored to his scholastic exercises in 1382, and be- came afterwards bishop of Lincoln, and a cardinal a. Bishop Bonner also, archbishop Yong, and bishops Ble- thyn and Philipps, were partly educated here. Since the conversion of the hall into a college, archbishops New- come and Moore have been added to the list. Hey- woode, the poet, was a member of Broadgates' hall; and Camden may be claimed here as well as at Magda- lene and Christ Church. Sir John Beaumont, son of Francis, a judge of the common pleas, made a baronet by King Charles I, the author of several poems, was a mem- ber of this hall. He was a relation of Francis Beaumont, the twin dramatist of Fletcher; probably one of the younger brothers; as Henry, John, and Francis Beau- mont, were entered at Broadgates' hall on the same day, Feb. 4, 1596. Pym was admitted a gentleman commoner here in 1599, at the early age of fifteen, under the tuition of Degory Wheare, the first Camden professor; but it does not appear that he took any degree, having soon turned ings, and one of Shenstone, which is in the common room. The late much lamented regius professor of divinity, Dr. Burton, married He- len, one of the archdeacon's daughters. a See Wood's Annals, B. I. from 492 to 555., and Lewis's Life of Wycliffe. Many interesting particulars will be found in Walsing- ham, Hare's Memorabilia, the archbishop's register, and two curious manuscripts in the Bodleian: DICT. THEOL. by Dr. Thomas Gas- coigne, and Fasciculus Zizaniarum,' &c. by Thomas Walden. C 16 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. his attention to law and politics, which led to his ap- pointment to a clerk's place in the exchequer. Among the students of Pembroke college may be mentioned sir Thomas Browneb; judge Blackstone, who was admitted here Dec. 1, 1738, afterward of All Souls; Morant, the historian of Essex; Whitfield, the founder of the Cal- vinistic section of the methodists, a servitor from the Crypt school at Gloucester; Dr. Durell, admitted prin- cipal of Hertford college in 1757; the eccentric John Henderson; Shenstone, Graves, Hawkins, JOHNSON. To these, the votaries of friendship, literature, and science, will with one accord add the name of DAVIES GILBERT. Among the departed worthies of the college we must now record Richard Valpy, D. D., for many years the able master of Reading school, and author of several useful publications; whose death has been an- nounced whilst these pages were passing through the press. W.A.DELAMOTTE O.JEWITT Se THE HALL, &c. b Author of Religio Medici,' &c. He delivered one of the Latin orations on the foundation of the college in 1624. See p. 6. F.Mackenzie. 100 000 000 WORCESTER COLLEGE. QUADRANGLE LOOKING EAST. Pildished June 11836 by J.11 Parker, Ceford, CT Fleet Se London, &J Le Keux, Harmondsworth J.Le Koux. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. ELAMOTLE UCI ONEWILTS VIEW FROM THE GARDEN. WORCESTER COLLEGE. IT is remarkable, that this, which is the most modern of the existing colleges in Oxford, occupies the site of one of the earliest seminaries of religious education; always excepting the convent of St. Frideswide. In the year 1283, it appears that John Giffard, baron of Brimes- field, purchased of the hospitallers of St. John of Jeru- salem some land and tenements on the west side of Stockwell-street, exempt from all episcopal and archi- diaconal jurisdiction, on which he founded a college for the reception of the novices sent from the Benedictine abbey at Gloucester. Hence the place acquired the name of Gloucester College: but it was more frequently called a Long before this, the Benedictines of Winchcombe abbey had a generale studium' here for their novices; for there is a confirmation of it by a bull of pope Alexander III. in the year 1175. Vid. Dug- dale's Mon. II. 854-856; and Additions by Stevens, I. 338. 42 B te WORCESTER COLLEGE. Gloucester Hall, even to the time of its dissolution; either because it had been more than twenty years be- fore the residence of the noted Gilbert de Clare, heir of Robert Haymon, the first earl of Gloucester, whose arms in Wood's time were seen in the window of the old hall, or because it soon ceased to be exclusively possessed as a college by the monks of Gloucester: for, according to the calculation of our antiquary, three-fourths of all the Benedictine abbeys and priories in England sent their novices to Oxford; and the remainder went to Cam- bridge. Durham college was about coeval with this. In the original documents, relating to this place, the site is much extolled on account of its aptitude for study, being conveniently situated either for seculars or reli- gious; which consideration seems to have induced the said baron of Brimesfield to accommodate the Benedic- tine priors, who presided over the monks of that order within the province of Canterbury, by enlarging this establishment as a place of general study' for all the novices of their community, who might be transmitted hither by their respective societies for that purpose. Accordingly, at his and their request, the monks of Gloucester renounced all their exclusive right and title to this place; only stipulating, that they should enjoy the same privileges in common with the rest of their brethren of the order. Giffard, therefore, having pur- chased four additional messuages and a toft of land ad- joining, obtained a license of mortmain by letters patent, dated at Long Itchington, 12th March, 19th Edw. I. whereby he was enabled to grant and assign for ever to the prior and convent of the Benedictines at Oxford, and their whole community throughout the province afore- said, all his lands and tenements in Stockwell-street, &c. WORCESTER COLLEGE. 3 Whereupon, at a general chapter of the order, held at Abingdon in this same year, 1291, an equal tax was imposed on all the greater abbeys of their fraternity, for building lodgings for their respective students: which, with the aid of contributions from private persons, were soon erected; being divided from each other, and distin- guished by appropriate escutcheons and rebuses over the doors; some of which remain to this day. The first on the north side, beyond the inner gate, were for the use of the novices from Abingdon; the outermost pro- bably for those of St. Alban's, some few traces of which are still visible: particularly the eastern gable, with the adjoining gateway leading to the back court and offices of the establishment b. Farther on, westward, where now are the provost's lodgings, stood the house of the prior, and the chambers built for the monks of St. Peter's at Gloucester. On the south side of the court, or quadrangle, were not fewer than five several and distinct lodgings, like so many little colonies, which for the most part, with their original doorways and separate roofs, still remain; though it is now difficult to appropriate them all to their re- spective abbeys: particularly, as the armorial shields, rebuses, and other memorials, relate frequently to indivi- dual benefactors, or contributors to the buildings. Thus b The arms of the monastery of St. Alban's, and the general style of building observable in this part, as delineated by Loggan, seem suf- ficiently to declare this, though hitherto overlooked. The fact also recorded by Wood is conclusive; that in the year 1423, in a convo- cation of the Benedictines at St. Andrew's in Northampton, a vote of thanks was passed, on the motion of prior Kirton, in return for the many liberal acts of abbot Whethamstede, done to this college; and he was pronounced their chief benefactor and SECOND Founder. c See Wood ap. Stevens' Monast. I. 339. MSS. Ashm. 8491. B 2 4 WORCESTER COLLEGE. the lodgings at the western extremity have the letter W on the walls, carved in stone, accompanied with a comb and a tun, surmounted with a mitre; which Wood sup- posed to signify William or Walter Compton, &c. Op- posite to this, with an elegant little niche between, is the device of Three Cups, under a crown. Of the hall, or old refectory, with the chapel and library of Whet- hamstede, and the remains of three other sets of lodgings, arranged in a quadrangular form, we shall take some no- tice when we come to the description of the BUILDINGS in general. The number of students to be sent from the different abbeys, as well as their allowance, was regulated from time to time by visitors deputed from the provincial chap- ters; but no abbey consisting of less than twenty monks was bound to send one, unless the visitors should certify that there were adequate means of support for one or more in any particular case. They were governed by a superior, called Prior Studentium,' at first nominated by the founder and his heirs, but afterwards by the students themselves; as it was provided in the Aularian statutes in regard to the election of principals of halls generally. About the year 1343 we find Two chairs of THEOLOGY established for the instruction of all the novices of the order; one here, which had been pre- viously ordered by the constitutions of Northampton, and another at Durham college; each professor receiv- ing from the common stock, collecta,' whence the de- nomination of divinity culets,' an annual pension of ten pounds a liberal stipend in those days. 6 After the suppression of this college or common hall of Benedictines, the custody of it was given, with all its edifices, chambers, walks, gardens, &c. in the 33d year WORCESTER COLLEGE. 5 10 of Henry viij. to John Glyn and John James, being va- lued at a rental of 26s. 8d. per annum: but the newly created see of Oxford being afterwards removed from Oseney to this place, bishop King is said to have pos- sessed it for a short time. Whether he occupied it as his habitation and palace,' though allotted to him for that purpose according to Wood d, seems doubtful. His successor died at Swinbrook, and was buried in the pa- rish church there in 1568; after which the see lay vacant for one and twenty years. Gloucester Hall, therefore, seems never to have been converted into an episcopal palace, but retained its venerable appellation nearly a century and a half after its suppression as a monastic establishment: and, though an attempt was made in 1560 to substitute the name of ST. JOHN BAPTIST'S Hall, the popular title still remained. The premises seem to have continued in the crown till 2 Jan. 2 Eliz., when the queen granted them to one William Dodington e in fee; who on March 23 following conveyed them to the president and scholars of St. John's college for a sum of money paid by sir Thomas White, their founder. Sir Thomas, in consequence of this purchase, authorized the d Letters patent passed the great seal to that effect 34 Hen. viij ; and there was a new grant 38 Hen. viij. on the translation of the see from Oseney to the king's new college and cathedral of Christ Church; but before the foundation of the see was completed the king died. Things being thus left in an unsettled state, a dispute afterwards arose in queen Elizabeth's time concerning the property, between St. John's college and the existing bishop, which perhaps may account for the repeated suspension of the temporalities, and the vacancy of the see. Vid. Wood's MSS. Ashm. D. 2. 641. transcribed from papers in the great chest in the tower of St. John's college, in 'Gloucester hall and White Fryers' box.' C e He is twice called Will. Dodington (or Dodyngton) of London, gent.,' in Wood's extracts, as above, MSS. Aslım. D. 2. 641. B 3 6 WORCESTER COLLEGE. 6 college to take possession in due form, 26 March, 2 Eliz. and converted the place into an academical hall by the title of The Principal and Scholars of St. John Bap- tist's Hall:' one of the fellows of his college to be elected principal by the society; and to be admitted, as usual, by the chancellor of the university, or his deputy the vice-chancellor. Sir Thomas also repaired the buildings at a considerable expense; and on St. John Baptist's day, 1560, the new principal and scholars, to the num- ber of 100 or more, took their first commons in the an- cient refectory. THE NEW FOUNDATION. Sir Thomas White's in- termediate establishment seems to have acquired a con- siderable degree of reputation, though with some inter- missions, under the government of twelve successive principals f; the last of whom, admitted in 1712, was appointed the first provost of the present foundation of f See an account of them in Wood ap. Gutch, p. 635-6. Mr. Chalmers also has extracted some particulars relating to the subject, vol. ii. p. 434, 436. The practice of the college appears to have been to grant a lease of the premises of the Hall for twenty years; which on every appointment was surrendered into the hands of the new principal. This was not only consistent with the ancient constitution of academical halls, but in many respects better than the present anomalous state of such property. The decline of this Hall, after the grand rebellion, affords a striking proof of the effects produced by that event on the state of the university. In Degory Whear's time, who died principal of the Hall in 1647, there were generally, as in sir Thomas White's time, 100 students; some of whom being persons of quality met in their doublets of cloth of silver and gold.' A little after the restoration, not one matriculation from this Hall occurs for several years; and in 1678, the principal's family and some few other families' were the only occupiers of the premises. At that time, according to Wood, who was a minute observer of such matters, the paths were grown over with grass, and the way into the hall and chapel made up with boards.' He adds, that he never knew above fourteen students in the house after the restoration. WORCESTER COLLEGE. 17 WORCESTER COLLEGE by the latters patent of queen Anne, dated 14 July, 1714. C The FOUNDER was sir Thomas Cookes, baronet, of Bentley, in the parish of Tardebigg, Worcestershire; lord of the manor of Norgrove, in the parish of Fecken- ham. He died in 1702; and by his will, dated June 8, in the preceding year, left 10,000l. in the disposal and management of the archbishop of Canterbury, and other trustees therein named, for the erecting and building an ornamental pile of building, in Oxford, and thereto adding, raising, creating, or endowing such and so many scholars' places and fellowships as they should think the product or yearly revenue of that sum of 10,000l., and lands therewith purchased, would support and maintain ; or otherwise, for the adding to, creating, raising, or en- dowing, such other college or hall in Oxford, with such and so many fellowships and scholars' places as they should think fit and convenient; with preference to such as are bred and educated at his schools of Bromsgrove and Feck- enham, in the county of Worcester, and for their learning should be thought fit for the university, and such of them principally as should be of his relations; and for want of fit boys in those schools, then such boys as are bred and educated at the free schools in Worcester, Hartlebury, Kidderminster, and other free schools in the county of Worcester.' This money having accumulated to the sum of 15,000l. from being placed out at interest by the trustees for a few years, GLOUCESTER HALL was at length pur- chased of St. John's college for the purpose of fulfilling the intentions of the testator; and a charter of incorpo- ration passed the great seal July 29, 1714, only two days before the death of her majesty, queen Anne, whereby it was erected into a college by the name of the Provost, B4 8 WORCESTER COLLEGE. Fellows, and Scholars of WORCESTER COLLEGE in the University of Oxford.' By the founder's will, the bishops of Worcester and Oxford, and the vice-chancellor of the university, for the time being, are to be especial visitors. The chancellor of the university appoints the provost. WV.A.DEI, AMOTTE DEL BBB JEWITT SC PROVOST'S LODGINGS, &c. BENEFACTORS.-The first benefaction to this new society, except one to the library, was that of Mrs. Margaret Alcorne, widow, of St. Giles's in Oxford; who in 1717 bequeathed one half of her estates, real as well as personal; but as it was proved, that she had no power over the real estate beyond her natural life, a decree of chancery limited the bequest to a moiety of her personal property only, amounting to 7981. 3d.; which was ordered to be expended on the new buildings: in consequence of which a new chapel, hall, and library were begun with this money June 8, 1720. Lady Elizabeth Holford, of the parish of All Hallows Steyning, in the city of London, relict of sir William Holford of Welham in Leicestershire, baronet, a benefactress to Christ Church, Pembroke, and Hert hall, appropriated two exhi- bitions in this college, of 201. a year each, for eight years, to be enjoyed by Charter-house scholars. Her will is dated 19 Nov. 1717. In 1726-7, James Finney, D. D., fellow of St. John's college, preben- dary of Durham, &c. left 2500l. for the purpose of founding two fel- F Mackenzie 75 WORCESTER COLLEGE QUADRANGLE LOOKING WEST Published June 11836, by Parker, Conford, CFleet S1London. &11.-Keus Harmondsworth J. Le Roux WORCESTER COLLEGE. 9 lowships, of 401. each, and two scholarships of 101. each, yearly, with a preference in the first place to natives of the Moorlands in Stafford- shire; and, in default of such candidates, then of the county in general, or of the bishopric of Durham. This benefaction, being liti gated in chancery, was not finally settled on the college till a decree was issued to that effect, dated Jan. 25, 1738g. In the mean time six additional fellowships of 45l. each, and three scholarships of 251. each, per annum, were founded by George Clarke, D. C. L., already mentioned as a benefactor to All Souls' college, &c.; the fellows and scholars to be born of English parents any where within the two pro- vinces of Canterbury and Yorkh. Dr. Clarke's will is dated 12 Nov. 1734; in which he leaves his estates at Hillmarton and Purton in Wiltshirei to Dr. Shippen, principal of Brasenose, Dr. Bouchier, re- gius professor of law, and Thomas Rowney, esq., in trust for the pur- poses aforesaid; after applying, as in a codicil afterwards is provided, so much of the profits of the said estates as might be found necessary to defray the expense of completing and finishing the nine chambers on the north side of the square, with the new chapel and hall adjoining on the east side. Dr. Clarke died 22 Oct. 1736; and some considerable time being required to complete his intended design, that part of the north wing, containing the said chambers destined for the reception of his fellows and scholars, was not finished till 1759, in which year the first election of them took place, May 7k. Mrs. Sarah Eaton, who died Oct. 1, 1739, by will dated 1731, left her freehold estates at Piddington and Rhode in Northamptonshire, as well as her leasehold estates at Walkeringham in Nottinghamshire, and at Fulwell in Gloucestershire, since exchanged by act of parlia- ment for freehold, for the endowment of seven fellowships and five scholarships for the sons of clergymen only. This establishment took place June 25, 1773; but Mrs. Eaton's fellows and scholars, as well as those of Dr. Clarke, were incorporated by letters patent dated Jan. 18, 1743-4. 17 Geo. II. and confirmed by act of parliament. A singular benefaction of 10007. intended to be divided amongst the existing g In fact, only an inconsiderable portion of Dr. Finney's benefac- tion was finally settled on the college. h See codicil annexed to his will, containing directions, &c. p. 55; and dated 14 Dec. 1734. i These estates he had purchased of John Berkely and Anthony Duncomb, esquires. They are both in North Wilts. k The names of the first fellows and scholars are recorded by Mr. Chalmers, p. 433. 10 WORCESTER COLLEGE. fellows of the original foundation, deserves to be recorded here for the disinterestedness with which they applied it to the benefit of their successors. It was left in 1745 by Mr. Thomas Chettle of the city of London, merchant, brother to William Chettle one of the first scholars. William Gower, D. D., provost of the college, who died 19 July, 1777, bequeathed 35007. in Old South Sea Annuities, and the reversion of his estate at Bransford, near Worcester, for general purposes. An exhibition of 30l. per annum has been added by a Mr. Kay, for a na- tive of Yorkshire. BUILDINGS.-Nothing can present a more striking contrast than the old buildings and the new, as seen from the inner court. Henry VIII having, as we have stated, intended this to be the site of the episcopal palace of bishop King, left every thing in a perfect state till the commencement of the youthful Edward's reign; when sir John Williams, knt., afterwards lord Williams of Thame, began the work of demolition by virtue of a royal mandate. His pious zeal, however, appears to have been satisfied by the destruction of the chapel' and library; the ruinous walls of which remained nearly in the same state till the time of Loggan: from whose bird's eye view a correct idea may be formed of the original arrangement of all the ancient buildings. The present CHAPEL occupies the site of that demo- lished by lord Williams, which had been erected little more than a century before; abbot Whethamstede being a great contributor m. The modern edifice, which has 1 This, which was so large that in manuscripts it is called 'the church,' Wood says he pulled down in the bishop's time, and sold it temp. Ed. 6. He pulled down certain chambers joining, which were near the library or the hall, in Q. Mary's time. This is said in a sur- vey of the college 1559.' MSS. Ashm. D. 2. 641. m He also chiefly built the library adjoining to the chapel on the south side; and, if we may judge from the similarity of the architec- ture, and the arms of his abbey over the gateway, the greater part of the old front was either built or repaired by him. His friend and WORCESTER COLLEGE. 11 very little ornament, forms a part of the general design first suggested by Dr. Clarke for rebuilding the whole college. Nathaniel lord Crew, bishop of Durham, sent 100 guineas towards its erection in 1720, and on the 8th of June in that year it is said to have been begun, together with the hall and library; but, though many persons contributed small sums, and Mrs. Alcorne's money was considerable, yet more than half a century elapsed before the completion of these works, and the extension of the northern range of building beyond the nine sets of chambers intended for Dr. Clarke's foundation; in- cluding the twelve sets of rooms for the accommodation of Mrs. Eaton's fellows and scholars, and the provost's lodgings. Mrs. Eaton's endowment having been esta- blished, as we have before stated, in 1773, the remainder of the old buildings on the north side of the court were taken down in that year by her trustees; and the new buildings were by them completed in 1776. The HALL.-The original refectory of Gloucester hall occupied the site of the present library; and from the style of the windows, as represented in Loggan's print, we may conclude it to have been the work of Whethamstede. At the north end of it, over the entrance door, was the small chapel begun by principal Hawley in 1609, and finished by his successor, Degory Whear. The present hall, forming the south wing of the en- trance court, and corresponding exactly with the chapel opposite, though begun with Mrs. Alcorne's money in patron, Humphrey duke of Gloucester, was a benefactor to the build- ings, and to the library. See note, p. 3; and the Additions to the Monasticon by Stevens, I. 339; where sir Peter Besils of Abingdon, whose family gave name to Besills Leigh, is said to have been another benefactor to this place. 12 WORCESTER COLLEGE. 1720, was not finished till the year 1784. Its dimensions are 60 feet in length by 30 feet 6 inches in breadth, and 30 feet 4 inches in height; being ornamented at the west end by two fluted Corinthian columns 25 feet high. The east end, like the east end of the chapel, is lighted by a kind of Venetian window, with Ionic couple co- lumns on the exterior, and a festoon above. wwwwwww OVE WITE VA DELAMOTTR FRONT OF THE COLLEGE. The LIBRARY. The old library, belonging to Glouces- ter Hall, which was of considerable dimensions, marked E in Loggan's print, appears to have been erected before 1423 by John of Whethamstede; who, assisted by Humphrey duke of Gloucester, furnished it with a good store of books: many of which Wood assures us he had seen in some of the college libraries, with verses prefixed in their fronts by Whethamstede himself, and still bear- ing the donor's name ". n Wood ap. Stevens, Additions to the Monasticon, I. 339, 340. WORCESTER COLLEGE. 13 The present library, which contains many valuable books, and particularly some architectural works, with the notes and designs of Inigo Jones, has been the result of several successive benefactions. The first important donation was that of Samuel Cooke, M. A., of Wor- cestershire, who in November 1714 bestowed a col- lection amounting to more than 400 volumes °. He was therefore the first benefactor to the new society after its incorporation. Dr. Clarke not only added a large and choice collection of books and manuscripts, but in 1736 he bequeathed the distinct sum of 10007. for the completion of the building. John Loder, M. A., some- time of Gloucester Hall, and afterwards vicar of Napton on the Hill in Warwickshire, left by will dated Oct. 11, 1742, his study of books to be divided between this college and St. Edmund Hall. Mr. Daniel Godwyne, of the city of London, in 1761, and Dr. William Gower, provost, and rector of Whitfield in Northamptonshire, who died in 1777, were also valuable contributors. There is likewise a fund of 50l. per annum left by Dr. Clarke for the perpetual purchase of books, with stipends for a librarian and under librarian, the former to be a fellow, and the latter a scholar. The plan of the edifice itself, and of the rest of the new buildings, was chiefly designed by Dr. Clarke, whose architectural skill was considerable in the style then generally prevalent. The entire room, which has some grand features, is con- structed over an open arcade, or piazza, improperly called a cloister; extending to the length of 100 feet, and having a gallery above commensurate with it. o Mr. Gutch mentions two other benefactors of the name of Cooke, each of whom gave a small sum of money towards the new buildings in the year 1720. Wood's Colleges, &c. p. 638. 14 WORCESTER COLLEGE. The ancient kitchen and butlery, or buttery, on the south side, as seen in Loggan's view, still remain; but the latter has been reduced by cutting off a part to make a passage each way. Over the ancient arch of entrance is sculptured on a shield, in high relief, a large griffin segreant; probably for the name of Reade, a bene- factor or contributor. After the demolition of the old refectory of Gloucester Hall, marked B in Loggan's print, this room is said to have been used as the com- mon dining hall of the college, till the new hall was completed in 1784. The small quadrangular court ad- joining, though it has undergone some alteration, re- tains many vestiges of the separate lodgings of the Bene- dictines. The escutcheons are much mutilated. EMINENT MEN. Of the distinguished persons, in some way or other connected with GLOUCESTER HALL, a volume might be written: yet, though the names of five prelates are recorded by the united researches of Anthony à Wood and Mr. Gutch, Mr. Chalmers, who is generally full in these particulars, restricts them to three; and Wood's Latin translator undertakes to deny, that even one received his entire education at this place. But this is more than it is requisite to prove in such cases. Thus John Budden, the learned author of the Life of Waynflete, was first admitted at Merton college in 1582, elected scholar of Trinity college in the following year, and after a residence of five years there retired to this same Gloucester hall, where he proceeded M. A., became reader of philosophy at Magdalen college, where he proceeded D. C. L. in 1602, was appointed principal of New Inn hall and regius professor of civil law, and finally died principal of Broadgates' hall in 1620. Gloucester hall claimed amongst its resident members two great literary WORCESTER COLLEGE. 15 ornaments and benefactors of the university; Thomas Allen, and sir Kenelm Digby. The former, called 'the very soul and sun of all the mathematicians of his time,' was admitted scholar of Trinity college in 1561, fellow in 1565, and proceeded M. A. there two years afterwards. In 1570 he resigned his fellowship, and retired to Gloucester hall; where he resided more or less 63 years, died in his 90th year, and was buried in the old chapel of Trinity college with great solemnity. Thomas Coryate, the eccentric traveller, author of "Crudities," &c. published in 1611, was admitted a commoner here at the age of 19, in 1595. of 19, in 1595. He died and was buried at Surat in the year 1617. Sir Kenelm Digby was ad- mitted at Gloucester hall in 1618; where Allen was his guardian, if not his tutor, according to the Latin version of Wood. Having studied here two or three years, he proceeded on his travels; and on his return to England in 1623 he was knighted by king James I. John Go- dolphin, afterwards LL. D. and one of Cromwell's judges of the admiralty, was admitted a commoner of Gloucester hall in 1632. In the same year also was admitted Chris- topher Merret, afterwards of Oriel college; who pro- ceeded M. D. in 1642, was a fellow of the college of physicians, and one of the original members of the philo- sophical society, which after the restoration became the royal society. He died in the year 1695. Dr. Treadway Russel Nash, the historian of Worces- tershire, was a member of WORCESTER COLLEGE. He took his degree of M. A. in 1746, B. and D. D. 1758. His County history was published in two volumes, folio, 1781 and 1784; and his edition of Hudibras in 1793, in three vols. quarto. He died in 1811, in his 86th year. Dr. Robert Bourne, Aldrichian professor of the 16 WORCESTER COLLEGE. practice of medicine, &c., was a fellow of this college. He died in the year 1830. Much taste has been recently displayed here in con- verting at a considerable expense a mere orchard into a delightful garden; having pleasant walks interspersed with trees and shrubs, and terminated by a large ex- panse of water. This agreeable spot appears to have been first selected by the Carmelites, or White friars, on their arrival in Oxford; having in 1254 obtained a grant of land from Nicholas de Meules, baron of North Cadbury in Somersetshire, and constable of the castle here: to which having afterwards made some ad- ditions, they began, according to Wood, to covet fine gardens, pleasant walks, adorned with waters, groves, &c.' But on their removal to Beaumont palace by the grant of Edw. II, they left this portion of their property to the Benedictines, who were already in possession of the ad- joining college or hall, purchased, as we have before mentioned, from the hospitallers of St. John of Jerusa- lem. The ground on which Gloucester college stood contained about three acres and a half, and the other adjoining to it about two acres. C.JEWITT S& DELAMOTTE DER ARCHWAY LEADING TO THE GARDEN. FMackenne SAINT MARY'S HALL. PublishedSept 1836 by JH Parker, Oxford, Cilt, Fleet St London & JLe Keux. Harmondsworth JLe Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. ADELANOTTE DEL www. 0.JEWITT HALL, CHAPEL, &c.; ON THE SITE OF BEDELL HALL. ST. MARY HALL. THIS hall, which as an academical house of learning appears in part to be about coeval with the foundation and endowment of Oriel college, was originally a tene- ment inhabited by certain burgesses of Oxford in succes- sion; one of whom, Henry Kelpe by name, who had other tenements in the parish of St. Michael at North- gate, and elsewhere, gave it so early as 24 Hen. III. to one Mr. Peter, then rector of St. Mary's church, for the use of him and his successors in the said church. Ac- cordingly it was used as a parsonage house by the rectors of the parish, till king Edward II. in the nineteenth year of his reign, 1325, gave the church itself and all its appurtenances to the college or hall of St. Mary the Virgin, afterwards commonly called Oriel college, at 45 B 2 ST. MARY HALL. that time founded by him and his almoner, Adam de Brom. Soon after this, the parsonage house and glebe, exclusive of the five shops adjoining to it on the north side, fronting the High street, and opposite to St. Mary's church, about which there had been some litigation, were converted by the college into a hall for students, which naturally acquired the name of St. MARY'S hall. The records of halls being extremely defective, all our knowledge of this and other halls is derived chiefly from the scattered notices of principals, and various matters collected by Wood, from the university registers and other similar sources. The list of principals generally commences with Wil- liam Croten, who occurs in 1436: but Wood discovered in a certain roll of assize for Oxford and Berks, pre- served in the treasury of the king's palace at Westmin- ster, the name of William de Leverton, so early as 1333; whom he considered as the first principal, be- cause he is there styled 'provost of the house of the scholars of King's hall and St. MARY'S hall;' whence he concludes, that this house was then inhabited by aca- demians.' The probability is, that till the enlargement of the buildings took place, about the time of Henry VI. or Edward IV. when another hall adjoining, called a Possibly the same with Walter Leverete, or Devirlete, whose gravestone is still to be seen, near Dr. Hawkesworth's, in St. Mary's chancel. William and Walter are often confounded from the similarity of the abbreviations, and the letters of the inscription, which are scarcely legible, appear to have been tampered with. The whole distich, which is in Norman French, and in Semi-Saxon characters, as printed in Peshall's Monumental Inscriptions from Wood's papers, has been read thus: MESTRE : WALTER : DEVIRLETE : GIST : ICI DEV : E : SA : ALME : EYT : MERCI. ST. MARY HALL. 3 BEDELL hall, was added to this, the students were not so numerous as to require a distinct principal; and the property of the hall being vested in the college, it was subject to the jurisdiction and superintendence of the provost thereofb. It is remarkable also, that even so late as 1499 John Taylour is recorded as principal of this and BEDELL hall adjoining; though Wood states the latter to have been pulled down' by Oriel college, after the purchase of it by the bishop of Worcester. 6 On this and the opposite side of the High street, par- ticularly near St. Mary's and St. Peter's church, notwith- standing the authority of Wood and Twyne, misled by earlier antiquaries, who placed the ancient university in the northern suburbs, we are disposed to look for the first schools of literature and science in this city. To most of the schools in School street Wood could assign no original; but of the law schools in Schydyard street, that is to say, in the street which leads from St. Mary's church to Oriel college and Christ Church, he observes: As for the antiquity of these schools, I suppose it may be equal to that time when the laws were frequently read among us in the time of Henry II.' The first b This is confirmed by the comprehensive title of the early provosts, who are sometimes called 'RECTORS of the house of scholars of St. Mary's, Oxon; and in patents of the 16th and 18th of Richard II. they are called 'provosts of the CHURCH of St. Mary,' &c. Dr. Hawkesworth, the third provost, who died in 1349, and was buried in the chancel of St. Mary's church, is called in the inscription on his gravestone, which still remains, tertius præpositus hujus ecclesiæ.' The whole inscription, which is on a brass plate let into the stone, is as follows: Hic iacet magr Will's de Haukesworth sacre pagine quonda pfessor è terciu' ppositus huius eccl’ie qui obiit viii die April' anno Dni MCCCXLEX, B 2 4 ST. MARY HALL. mention he could find of them was in a charter of one Richard Segrim, a burgher of Oxford, written apparently in the 15th of Henry III, by which he gives to St. Frideswide's priory, among other donations, a yearly rent of sixteen pence, to be paid on Ascension day, from the land which John Halegod sometime held of him in Schydyard street, where the law schools are in the parish of St. Mary.' These were in or near the pre- cincts of an ancient hall called Ride hall, the same which was afterwards called BEDELL hall, and subsequently included in the limits of that of St. Mary now standing. 6 < This establishment, from the attention then paid to the study of the law, was of sufficient importance to be called the Great Law School,' to distinguish it from the many smaller seminaries for that profession in various parts of the city. By this name it occurs in an inqui- sition of the 6th of Edward I. 1278, among the tene- ments held of Michael de Ispaniad by the then bishop of Coventry; and by the same name it is mentioned in a husting-court roll of the mayor of Oxford written in 36 Edw. III. c'Ubi sunt scholæ legum in parochia B. Mariæ.' Registr. Parv. S. Frid. p. 137, c. 219. In the margin opposite is a rubric, nearly coeval, with these words: Nunc Reg' Bedell,' which now belong to Reginald the bedel; whence the denomination of BEDELL hall, after- wards given to these premises, and by which name they were consigned to Oriel college with the garden adjoining. Reynold de la Leygh, a bedel to the university, died about the year 1294; probably the same person. d A relation of this Michael, nearly related also to king Edward I. called by Wood 'Master James of Spain,' held certain messuages in Schydyard street, namely those called ORIOLE, in right of Alienore his consort, which were not far from this law school. (See Wood's Annals by Gutch; II. II. 767.) This was long before the foundation of Oriel college; but it serves to account for the origin of the name. ST. MARY HALL. 5 As for BEDELL hall, it was very ancient, and in the inquisition of the reign of Edw. I. it is expressly said to have been always inhabited by clerks; for which reason, when in the year 1294, Reynold de la Leygh, sometime bedel of the university, bequeathed it by will for the use of poor scholars, the king granted a license of mortmain for that purpose. At length, decreasing in its number of scholars, the university granted and conveyed it, 30 Hen. VI. Gilbert Kymer being then chancellor, to John Carpenter, bishop of Worcester; who not long after gave it, together with three tenements adjoining, and abutting eastward on what is now called Magpie lane, to the provost and scholars of Oriel college: which was esteemed so great a benefaction, although just before rated at 40s. per annum, that an annual commemoration was voted for him, with a placebo and dirige, on the fes- tival of St. Ursula and her 11000 virgins; at which ser- vice the scholars of BEDELL hall, as well as those of Oriel, were bound to attend. wwwwww ADELAMOTTE DEL www.wm O.JEWITT SC VIEW FROM MAGPIE LANE. B3 6 ST. MARY HALL. BUILDINGS. The present Hall seems to have been first brought into its enlarged quadrangular form in the reign of Edward the Fourth; when John Carpenter, bi- shop of Worcester, the great benefactor of Oriel college already mentioned, by the aforesaid donation of Bedell hall, and a contribution in money, enabled them to take down part of the old buildings on the south side, and to reconstruct the whole; leaving a portion of the site to in- crease their walks, where the new library now stands. The original fabric appears to have been very small and confined; the interior occupying only about 53 feet of ground from north to south; and about 25 feet from east to west. Some remains of this building, consisting of the old refectory, which was on the north side of the court, and certain chambers on the east side, were stand- ing in Wood's time, being not taken down till the year 1664; but the western front, which at present extends in length from north to south more than forty paces, had been partly taken down, rebuilt, and enlarged by Oriel college, about the year 1447; bishop Carpenter and other benefactors contributing to the expense of the new buildings, both here and on the east and south sides. The modern HALL or REFECTORY, with a cellar under- neath, and a CHAPEL over it; as also a buttery, with chambers above it, at the west end, adjoining to bishop Carpenter's work, were erected in the time of Dr. Saun- ders, who was principal from 1632 to 1644, many former members of the hall contributing their assistance. The principal's LODGINGS, till the early part of the 18th cen- tury, were in the south-eastern angle of the court adjoining to the north side of the hall and chapel, and are supposed to have been built by Ralph Braddyl, or Bradwell, M.A., e A good view of the interior may be seen in Loggan's Oxonia. ST. MARY HALL. -1 sometime of Brasenose college, who was admitted prin- cipal of this hall in 1591f. But these lodgings were converted into private rooms for students by Dr. John Hudson, head keeper of the Bodleian library, who was principal from 1712 to 1719 €, and who built new lodg- ings for himself and successors on the site of the ancient refectory, on the north side of the court. The celebrated Dr. King, aided by the contributions of several noblemen and gentlemen, who were educated under his care, not only added a new room to the lodgings, but rebuilt the whole of the east side of the quadrangle after an uniform plan, faced with stucco, nearly as it is seen at present h. f He was buried in St. Mary's church, May 14, 1632. g He died Nov. 27, in that year, and was buried in St. Mary's church; where there is an inscription to his memory on the south side of the chancel. See Memorials of the Bodleian Library, p. 15. ↳ He was principal 44 years, and about 18 months before his death wrote his own epitaph; which is inscribed on a white marble tablet on the north side of the chapel, under a small vase; and, though printed by Mr. Gutch, deserves a place here for its singularity: Epitaphium GUILIELMI KING a seipso scriptum pridie nonas Junii die natali GEORGII III. MDCCLXII. Fui GUILIELMUS KING, LL.D. Ab anno MDCCXIX ad annum MDCCLXIV Hujus Aulæ Præfectus. Literis humanioribus a puero deditus, Eas usque ad supremum Vitæ diem colui. Neque vitiis carui, neque virtutibus; Imprudens et improvidus, comis et benevolus; Sæpe æquo iracundior, Haud unquam, ut essem implacabilis. A Luxuria pariter ac Avaritia (Quam non tam vitium Quam mentis insanitatem esse duxi) Prorsus abhorrens, Cives, hospites peregrinos Omnino liberaliter accepi, Ipse et cibi parcus, et vini parcissimus. B 4 8 ST. MARY HALL. Dr. Thomas Nowell, sometime fellow of Oriel college, and public orator of the university, afterwards regius professor of modern history, who succeeded to Dr. King Jan. 10, 1764, assisted by the liberal contributions of the members of the hall, established a fund for rebuild- ing the western side of the quadrangle; which was very irregular and in a ruinous state. Part of it was accord- ingly taken down and rebuilt in his time, and an ad- ditional story raised on the south side; but it was re- served for the late and present principal to complete the work, and the lodgings annexed, in a style of costly splendour which leads us to regret the confined space to which it is limited. The lower part of bishop Carpen- ter's work still remains on the south side of the quad- rangle, though the windows have been reduced to mo- Cum magnis vixi, cum plebeiis, cum omnibus, Ut homines noscerem, ut me ipsum imprimis : Neque ehen novi ! Permultos habui amicos, At veros, stabiles, gratos, (Quæ fortasse est gentis culpa) Perpaucissimos. Plures habui inimicos, Sed invidos, sed improbos, sed inhumanos; Quorum nullis tamen injuriis Ferinde commotus fui, Quam deliquiis meis. Summam, quam adeptus sum, senectutem Neque optavi, neque accusavi; Vitæ incommoda neque immoderate ferens, Neque commodis nimium contentus. Mortem neque contempsi Neque metui. DEUS optime, Qui hunc orbem, et humanas res curas, Miserere animæ meæ ! In the exergue below are added these words : Natus Martis xvIto. MDCLXXXV. Obiit Decembris xxxmo. MDCCLXIII, ST. MARY HALL. 9 dern squares to correspond with Dr. Nowell's work, which was extremely plain and of a mean appearance. BENEFACTORS.-Thomas Dyke, doctor in physic, de- serves to be recorded for his benefaction to this hall; who by deed dated in 1677 granted a moiety of the great tithes of the parsonages of King's Brompton and Winsford, in the county of Somerset, towards the sup- port of four poor scholars here, natives of that county. John Oswald also, who was a member of the hall, where he proceeded to the degree of B. C. L. in 1743, and after- wards became successively bishop of Clonfert, Dromore, and Raphoe, gave one hundred pounds in 1777 towards repairing and ornamenting the chapel. In the refectory are the arms of the more recent benefactors, well exe- cuted in stained glass by Russell of St. Clement's, under the directions of the late Principal and Vice-principal. In the first compartment of the east window, on the dexter side, is a figure of the Virgin and Child, from a design of Raphael; and a similar one is represented on the seal used by the principals of the Hall. OXON BMV SIGLI GILLUM AULA SEAL OF THE HALL. 10 ST. MARY HALL. EMINENT MEN.-All the prelates who received their academical education here, according to Wood, were sub- sequently fellows of Oriel college. Of Henry Rowlands, bishop of Bangor, who was certainly here in 1574, some interesting particulars have been printed in the new edition of the ATHENÆ by Dr. Bliss, from the additions by Dr. Humphreys. The Mr. Hutchins, a Glocester- shire gentleman,' there mentioned, was probably Ed- mund Hutchins, nephew of sir Thomas Pope. One of the most distinguished principals was William Allyn, or Allen, in the reign of queen Mary. In 1558 he was made canon of York; but upon queen Elizabeth's ac- cession, and the alteration of religion, he left his prefer- ment, and retired to Louvaine. He afterwards became canon of the churches of Cambray and Rheims. At length pope Sixtus V. created him cardinal of St. Martin ' in montibus,' in 1587; and two years afterwards he became archbishop of Mechlin in Brabant, by the French called Malines. He died Oct. 6, 1594, and was buried in the chapel of the English College i at Rome, being at the time librarian of the Vatican. Among other emi- nent names connected with this hall may be mentioned sir Thomas More, sir Christopher Hatton, Sandys and Fulwell, poets; Gabriel Powell, William Crosse, trans- lator of Sallust, &c. A controversy appears to have arisen in the year 1565, respecting the appointment of a principal here, as at a i The SCHOOL of the English nation at Rome, Angelcynner rcole, to which a church, or chapel, and a place of sepulture are annexed, is very ancient; being twice mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle in the ninth century. The church is dedicated in honour of St. Mary. The establishment was freed from all papal exactions by pope Mar- tin II. at the instance of king Alfred, and was converted into a college in the reign of queen Elizabeth. ST. MARY HALL. 11 6 later period happened in Magdalene hall; but it had a different result. Nicholas Sheffield, B. A. who was the first principal, according to Wood, who had not been a member of Oriel college, was appointed locum tenens' by the vice-chancellor Oct. 27, 1565, the principality being then void. But the college being dissatisfied, and the chancellor at that time not having assumed the nomi- nation to this hall, the matter was referred to arbitra- tors; whose decision appears to have confirmed the right of the college, for they chose John Horlock, an inceptor in arts, in November following. During the usurpation, however, Thomas Cole, M. A. student of Christ Church, was admitted, Oct. 15, 1656; and Wood observes, that he was the first principal, Sheffield excepted, that had not been before of Oriel college. He was ultimately ejected by the king's commissioners in 1660, as having been unlawfully appointed; and afterwards subsisted by keeping a school at Nettlebed, for youths of the presby- terian and independent persuasion. Much having been lately said and written in favour of the AULARIAN system, some remarks may perhaps be here properly introduced concerning the antiquity and constitution of Halls in general. It will readily be con- ceded, that if the splendour of an university is to be cal- culated from the number of its students, Oxford must have been in its zenith of prosperity long before the col- legiate system had made any great progress. We can only form conjectures respecting the state of things pre- vious to the Norman conquest; but Wood on good au- thority concludes domos hospitatas' in the Domesday survey of the city to signify 'hospitia,' i. e. inns or re- ceptacles for scholars; for so the word 'hospitia' is ex- 6 j Robert D'Oilly had forty-two of these, as well within the wall, 12 ST. MARY HALL. 6 pounded by Januensis, Lyndwode, and others; and we have already observed, that there were certain diverso- ria,' which is a word nearly synonymous, erected in the neighbourhood of St. Frideswide's priory at a very early period, for the accommodation of those who sought in- struction in that religious seminary k. The rude and barbarous' state of the universities both of Oxford and Paris in the following century is attested by Wood, from an examination of contemporary writers. In the year 1190 a great fire happened here, which induced the inhabitants to build more with stone and slate than with timber and thatch as before; and in those places, in which from poverty they could not afford to build after this new mode, they commonly erected a high stone wall, as is still seen on the north side of Holywell street, between rows of four, six, or more houses. Hence the terms, ´ aulæ lapideæ, tegulatæ, plumbeæ, vitreæ,' &c. were introduced to designate those academic halls, which were distinguished from the more humble mansions of lath and plaster covered with thatch, stramineæ,' or, • aulæ cum stramine cooperta.' Yet in these wretched abodes were distributed, according to Matthew Paris, in the early part of the reign of Henry III. about three thousand students; and in the latter end of his reign, and the beginning of that of Edward I., they are said to have increased to thirty thousand all lodging within C as without; but sixteen of them from poverty were unable to pay either tax or landgable. No favourable inference therefore can be drawn from this statement in behalf of the aularian system, as it then prevailed. These inns were generally in the hands of the townsmen. k The memory of St. Frideswide was therefore held in such venera- tion formerly, that even so late as 1434 she is called in a public in- strument the special advocate of the flourishing university of Oxford.' Reg. Chichele ap. Wilkins Concil. III. 524. See the history of St. Frideswide in the Memorials of Christ Church, p. 10. ST. MARY HALL. 13 the walls, or in the suburbs. This increase of students, without sufficient accommodation, probably led to the establishment and endowment of colleges; but it does not appear that the aularian system kept pace with the col- legiate on the contrary, the university seems to have receded in numerical importance¹; which occasioned a controversy afterwards concerning the advantages and disadvantages of endowments. 6 In the year 1401, when all public establishments were made the objects of popular hostility, an able work was written by Richard Ullerston, or Ulverston, sometime fellow of Queen's college, and afterward canon of the church of York, in defence of ecclesiastical endowments; in which are the following sensible remarks on this sub- ject: That the church has not advanced in its moral energies in proportion to the increase of its possessions, we are ready to admit; but it is not without probability assumed, that it would have experienced a still more lamentable decline, if no endowment had ever existed; as a proof of this, we may appeal to the testimony of those things which we see before us in this venerable university for, since it has increased in wealth by the endowment of colleges, it has suffered no inconsiderable diminution in the number of its students. But we have ocular demonstration of the important fact, that theology and philosophy, as far as secular persons are concerned, would long since have perished in this university of Ox- ford, had not these little colleges, which are so much 1 In the beginning of the 14th century, according to Wood, the students were reduced to less than one-half of the former number; but he attributes this reduction partly to pestilence, to the effects of the papal provisions still more, and, as some writers maintained, to the friars enticing novices to be of their order. 14 ST. MARY HALL. vilified, been erected and endowed in the meantime by the gracious instinct of their founders m' In the progress of our labours we have taken care to notice and illustrate all the most important vestiges of an- cient Halls which we could find: and the inference must be obvious, that the university and the world at large have sustained no loss from the erection and endowment of colleges, though accompanied by the gradual decay of halls. Such as remain have been saved and sustained chiefly from their connection with colleges; and the ap- pointment of the principals of these seems to have be- longed to such colleges respectively, with the consent of the aularians, till about the year 1570, when the earl of Leicester was chancellor. Even now, though the chan- cellor nominates, and the vice-chancellor admits the prin- cipal, he is to be elected by the aularians. But, as in the case of the royal congé d'élire in the appointment of bishops, it does not appear that the aularians have a right to refuse to elect at the nomination of the chancellor : except in St. Edmund hall; in which the appointment of the principal is vested in the society of Queen's college by a formal composition, dated 1 Mar. 1 Eliz. and rati- fied by the university in convocation. m Quod Ecclesia ex quo crevit in possessionibus decrevit in virtu- tibus, non negatur; sed verisimiliter creditur, quod longe plus de- crevisset si dotatio non fuisset: exemplum quippe accipere possumus ex his quæ in hac venerabili Universitate contingere videmus; quia, postquam crevit in collegiis, passa est quoad numerum non modicum detrimentum sed profecto, prout oculata fide intuemur, Theologia et Philosophia quoad seculares jamdudum defecissent in hac Universitate Oxon,' nisi hæc pusilla Collegia ex instinctu gratioso interim fun- data fuissent.' Defensorium dotationis ecclesiæ. MS. Vid. Langbaine's Adversaria, MS. Bodl. 12. p. 29. It is somewhat remarkable, that after a lapse of more than FOUR CENTURIES the same envious malig- ST. MARY HALL. 15 By the very constitution of these societies, as they are not incorporated, the university holds all real property in trust for them; and by the existing statutes, revised in 1835, nothing above the value of forty shillings can be alienated or exchanged without the authority of the vice- chancellor. In our account of the Oxford mint we have noticed the letter of king Charles I. in which he alludes to the plate of certain Halls belonging to the university, which could not be lent or disposed of but by the con- sent of the convocation;' and formerly, whenever the place of principal became vacant in any of these halls, there was an inventory taken of the common stock of goods and chattels, and a cautionary deposit given to the university by the new principal on his admission. was therefore no great departure from the original consti- tution of the place, that the chancellor of the university should be deemed and taken to be the perpetual visitor of the halls; and his nomination of the principals is grounded on the same general jurisdiction and superin- tendence; which he enjoyed from the earliest period; but the statute which gives him this power qualifies it by a kind of parenthetical provision, quoties commo- dum-sive videbitur.' It Before the establishment of colleges the DISCIPLINE of the university seems to have been very inadequately secured; the chancellor, assisted by his commissaries, being the only responsible officer appointed to support it. When therefore from the multiplicity of inns, halls, or hostells, the number of students from all nations, as from Scotland, Ireland, Wales, France, Spain, Germany, Bo- hemia, Hungary, Polonia, &c., had increased to such a nity should be still directed against these moderately endowed esta- blishments, as so many little universities.' 16 ST. MARY HALL. degree, that the power of the chancellor was found to be insufficient for governing them, a certain judge called HEBDOMADARIUS, often mentioned in our old sta-- tutes, was appointed in addition to the commissaries, in order to ease and assist him. The present Hebdomadal meeting of the heads of houses and proctors, convened by the vice-chancellor according to the Caroline statute, seems to be grounded on this principle; each society, au- larian as well as collegiate, now furnishing its legitimate Hebdomadarius, as its constitutional organ and repre- sentative; and all, in conjunction with the proctors, uniting to maintain the statutes, the privileges, and the liberties of the university. www کسر пи QJEWITT SC WADELAMOLLE DEL NEW FRONT OF THE PRINCIPAL'S LODGINGS, &c. FMackenzie. MAGDALEN HALL. Published Aug 1836.byl H Parker Oxford. Tilt Fleet St London, & Le Bear, Harmondsworth. J.Le Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. www UN www HALLO www www. www. wwww www www 33r 90 www WADELAMOTTE DEL PART OF THE OLD HALL; 1836. MAGDALENE HALL. JEWITT SO MAGDALENE Hall had existed for more than three centuries in the immediate vicinity of Magdalene college, when the president and fellows, desirous of removing a building which interfered with their projected altera- tions, obtained with the consent of the university an act of parliament, authorizing them to transfer it to its present more extensive and more convenient site. This removal has been most advantageous to the society; and the liberality of the commissioners of the streets, in purchasing and pulling down the houses between the new 44 B 2 MAGDALENE HALL. front and the schools, has greatly improved what was even before one of the most ornamental parts of Oxford. The OLD FOUNDATION. The former Hall had been erected by William of Waynflete on the western side of his college, and was at first styled Grammar hall, being intended by him to be a school connected with his greater foundation. It was begun in the month of August 1480, which was several years before the col- lege buildings were finished, though the founder had issued his statutes in the year 1479. Previously how- ever to this, even so early as 1448, Waynflete had established a hall in honour of St. Mary Magdalene, his favourite patroness and apostolessa, between what is now called Logic lane, on the east side of University college, and the lane leading to Merton college; but this, on the removal of his scholars to Magdalene col- lege, resumed its former title of Bostar hall, and the grammar school by degrees acquired the appellation of Magdalene hall. Of the history of these foundations we have already given some particulars in our account of Magdalene college, pp. 5-7; and for a more minute and copious account, in detail, we must refer our readers, as usual, to the pages of Anthony à Wood. It was considerably enlarged by the two Wilkinsons, uncle and nephew, who were successively principals from 1605 to the restoration, and was the chief seminary of the Puritans in this university, under the tuition of the latter, and afterwards of Pemble, and of Tombes, one of the earliest and ablest of the writers against infant bap- tism. Many of their pupils were authors of note in their day, but scarcely any of them are now remembered; ex- a Gloriosa apostolissa,' as she is called in ancient documents of some authority. See Memorials of Magdalene college, p. 5. MAGDALENE HALL. 3 cept sir Edward Leigh, as he is sometimes called, who though a layman was one of the Westminster assembly of divines, and among other theological works wrote the Critica Sacra and a Body of Divinity. As a house of learning, it could have been inferior to none in the uni- versity in eminence at that period, since in the year 1624 under the elder Wilkinson it reckoned 300 students on its books, forty of whom or more were masters of arts. This extraordinary prosperity was in its nature tem- porary, but the society continued to flourish till 1820, when a destructive fire consumed above half of the apart- ments of the students, and mainly contributed to its re- moval to its present site ¹. b The following contemporary account of the fire may perhaps be not uninteresting. Oxford, January 9, 1820. A desolating fire was dis- covered to have broken out this morning about three o'clock, in the northern extremity of Magdalene hall in this university. A great por- tion of the inhabitants was immediately roused, and, in spite of the un- seasonable hour of the summons, great numbers promptly came to the spot, and contributed their zealous aid in working four engines, and thereby quenching the flames. About seven o'clock the fire was got under; but unhappily not until a considerable portion of this venerable pile was consumed to a cinder. Sixteen sets of gentlemen's rooms were completely destroyed, and as they were all tenanted (although from its being vacation time the members of the society were all of them almost absent from the university) the destruction embraced a great deal of furniture and many valuable collections of books. The acci- dent is supposed to have arisen from the indiscretion of a young man who happened to be resident, and who went to bed without extin- guishing his candles. They afterwards communicated with the furni- ture of his room, and occasioned the conflagration. He was, however luckily awakened from his perilous situation, and no lives were lost. No praise can be too great for the exertions of those who came to the spot. The bishop of Oxford (Dr. Legge, warden of All Souls) was amongst the number, and was exceeded by no one present in the anxiety and earnestness of his efforts to extinguish the flames. I a am happy to be able to add, that the house of the learned principal, B 2 MAGDALENE HALL. FRONT OF OLD MAGDALENE HALL; 1819. Q.JEWIT.TUS.& A struggle having been repeatedly made by the so- ciety of Magdalene college, towards the latter end of the seventeenth century, for the right of nominating a principal to the old Hall adjoining, standing within their own precincts, and originally erected by their own founder, the substance of Wood's account of the proceed- ings may perhaps be properly introduced here. After the death of Dr. Hyde, May 7, 1681, the fellows of the college calling into question the chancellor's power of putting a principal into this hall, did in the absence of the president, 20 May, choose Francis Smith, M. A. and B. M., fellow of the said college, to be principal of the said hall; intending to seal up the hall gates against the vice-chancellor, in case he should come to admit a princi- pal of the chancellor's nomination. But the president in the mean time returning, and the fellows being desired Dr. Macbride, and the neighbouring lodgings of the Rev. Dr. Routh, president of Magdalene college, though at one period in the greatest danger, remained in the end untouched.' NEW TIMES, Jan. 11, 1820. MAGDALENE HALL. сл 5 by the bishop of Winchester, their visitor, to desist from their proceedings, the matter on that occasion came to nothing: so that the vice-chancellor, finding no opposi- tion, forthwith admitted William Levet, D. D., originally of this hall, afterward of C. C. C., and at length student of Christ Church, who had been nominated by the chan- cellor. After the death of Dr. Levet, 11 Feb. 1693-4, the fellows of Magdalene college again stood upon their right of electing a principal of this hall, and accordingly elected Dr. Mainwaring Hammond; forthwith causing the common gate of the hall to be kept shut against the vice-chancellor, when he was to come to admit a prin- cipal, and the lodgings of the principal to be also shut; a person being placed therein to keep possession. The vice-chancellor, Dr. Aldrich, then dean of Christ Church, refusing to admit Dr. Mainwaring as principal, the chancellor, James duke of Ormonde, nominated Richard Adams, D. M., fellow of All Souls. The vice-chancellor accordingly went with his bedels to admit him; but finding the common gate shut, he commanded a smith whom he had brought with him to make way for him: wherefore, going to work with a saw and chisel to force the door from its hinges, they within opened it. Where- upon the vice-chancellor, entering with his company and Dr. Adams, went up into the refectory, and there ad- mitted him; and, as it is said, with the consent of all the students such consent being in fact required by the aularian statutes of the university. On the 20th of June following, 1694, commenced a trial in Westminster hall, in the court of common pleas, concerning the right of nomination to the principality of Magdalene hall. The duke of Ormonde, as chancellor, challenged it as his by prescription, because he and his predecessors, chancellors B 3 6 MAGDALENE HALL. of the university, had the nomination from queen Eliza- beth's reign (when Robert earl of Leicester was chancel- lor) to his time. The president and fellows of Magda- lene college claimed the nomination, because the hall was theirs, and the principal paid rent to them; that it was originally built by their founder, and confirmed and en- larged by the college. But the jury, Oxfordshire men, granted it to the duke merely by prescription, ‘tempus immemoriale c' d The NEW FOUNDATION.-The present establishment of Magdalene hall, which is at least the third of the name, has arisen out of the ruins of the incomplete and unfortunate foundation of Dr. Newton; who by an in- judicious attempt to convert HERT HALL into HERT- FORD COLLEGE contrived a plan, unconsciously, for the destruction of both. Considered as a Hall, it was a place of venerable antiquity; being inhabited by stu- dents so early as the reign of Edward I. and in the fol- lowing reign conveyed to Walter de Stapledon, the founder of Exeter college: from which latter circum- stance it continued for some time to be called from him Stapledon hall; but, when his scholars were transplanted to the present site of Exeter college, the former appella- tion of Hert hall, to prevent confusion, was restored. c See Wood ap. Gutch, Colleges, &c. pp. 687-8; and Life of the author, pp. 386-7. Our antiquary himself received a subpoena to ap- pear to give evidence on the trial; so that his narrative may be consi- dered as authentic. d A fourth is mentioned by Wood, as in Magdalene parish; but it was of no great importance. e In Wood's history, with additions by Mr. Gutch, there is a list of sixty-four principals. There were also some prelates and other emi- nent persons educated here, a few of whom we shall mention in the proper place. See p. 13. MAGDALENE HALL. 7 At length, in the early part of the eighteenth century, Dr. Newton, who had been already principal ten years, in August 1740 obtained of George II. a royal charter for raising this hall into a 'perpetual college for students of divinity, the civil and canon law, physic, and other good arts, and languages, consisting of a principal, and four senior fellows or tutors, and eight junior fellows or assistants, by the name of HERTFORD COLLEGE,' &c.f The eight junior fellows were merely titular, and never became actual; for the endowment was no more than a rent charge of 557. 6s. 8d. upon his family estate at La- vendon Grange, Bucks; and he had been disappointed in his expectations of assistance from some of his former pupils; among whom were the duke of Newcastle and Mr. Pelham. There were a few subsequent benefactions, but they were insufficient to complete the design; and after an ineffectual struggle for a precarious existence, on the death of the last principal, Dr. Hodgson, in 1805, so little interest was taken in this establishment, that the time limited for the appointment of a principal was suf- fered to elapse, and the corporation became extinct. HERT HALL; AULA CERVINA.-The original foun- dation of this place was first so called about the year 1284, according to the ancient practice of abbreviation, from Elias de Hertford, who purchased it about the 10th of Edward I. and demised it for the use of scholars. By this abbreviated name it was conveyed by the second Elias de Hertford, the son of the former, to John de f The rules and statutes of this short-lived society form an octavo volume of considerable size, printed in London, 1747. This code of laws, however, being a revision of the former in folio, never received the royal sanction. Very few copies of the primary code in folio are known to exist; probably about three. One is in the Bodleian. B 4 8 MAGDALENE HALL. STONE .FISHCA DEL C.JCWITT NC FRONT OF HERTFORD COLLEGE; 1819. Dokelington, a noted burgess of Oxford, several times mayor, June 17, 1301, for the sum of 207. sterling, sav- ing the service due to the capital lords. It is described in the deed of conveyance, to which the seal of Elias de Hertford was appended, as situated between a tene- ment of the university of Oxford, called Black hall, on the west, and a tenement belonging to the prioress and convent of Stodeley, called Le Michele hall,' on the east. On the south side stood ARTHUR hall,' which appears to have been added to this. There is a tradi- tion, that the warden and scholars of New College lived partly here and partly in New Inn hall, during the time gForma sigilli est oblonga, cum superscriptione: S. ELIE DE HERTFORD: impressum vero habet CAPUT CERVINUM, cum cruce in- ter cornua signata.' Wood ap. Gutch, p. 640. The armorial ensign of Hertford college was a stag, or hart, at a ford, with the following appropriate motto, or legend: Sicut cervus anhelat ad fontes aqua- rum:' from the 42d Psalm. 6 MAGDALENE HALL. 9 that the building of their college was in progress; but with this exception Exeter college seems to have had the constant patronage of this establishment, which had continued in their possession from the time of their founder, Walter de Stapledon. Brian Twyne calls this place a colony of Glas- tonbury abbey. The origin of which appellation is this. Some time before the dissolution of that abbey, a knight of the name of Bignell left a rent charge on certain lands at Drayton in Somersetshire, to provide a yearly exhibition for ten scholars of this hall; each to receive five marks; to be bred in the grammar school of the said abbey, and to return to the same, if found wor- thy of preferment there. After the dissolution, and the execution of Richard Whyting, the last abbot, for pre- tended treason against Henry VIII, the university be- sought lord Cromwell, in a letter dated 23 Jan. 1539-40, that the exhibitions should be secured to the ten scholars of this hall, as before. Accordingly, during this and the three subsequent reigns, the sum was charged upon the exchequer; and, though various attempts were made to alienate it in the latter part of the reign of queen Eliza- beth, and during the Cromwellian usurpation, yet after the restoration of Charles II. the fee-farm rents were re- sumed, and in Wood's time the exhibitions were paid, h An. 1608. Aula cervina, vulgo Hert hall, olim monasterii Glas- toniensis colonia, unde et 30 annui reditus libras percipere antea sole- bat, quibus nunc diu orbata superiorum paulo temporum iniquitatem deplorat,' MISCELLAN. ad finem APOL. pro Antiq. Acad. Oxon. Sir Walter Mildmay, knt. chancellor and treasurer of the exchequer to queen Elizabeth, had begged half of this sum, as Wood had heard, to be settled on his new college, called Emanuel college, in Cambridge. By a singular coincidence this society participates with Magdalene hall in the recent benefaction of Mr. Lusby. 10 MAGDALENE HALL. as before, from the exchequer. By the royal letters pa- tent of 1818 this sum was granted for life to the rev. Richard Hewitt, the only remaining fellow of Hertford college, and on his demise to the university; which by a statute passed in 1834 has consequently assigned it to a scholarship to be given annually to an under- graduate, of two years standing, for proficiency in Latin literature. MAGDALENE HALL, in its present state, resembles a college more nearly than any other, not only in its extent and buildings, but also in its endowment; as it is possessed of both real and personal property: which however, as it is not incorporated, is held in trust for the benefit of its members by the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the university of Oxford. The rectory of South Moreton, in Berkshire, is annexed to it by act of parliament, and it is rich in exhibitions; five having been established by the rev. Dr. Thomas White, the founder of the professorship of Moral Philosophy; ten by the rev. John Meeke; three by the rev. Dr. Brunsel; and four by the rev. William Lucy of Charlecote: who had all been educated here. But the greatest benefactor of all is Mr. Henry Lusby of Stratford in Essex, who never had any connection with the society, but from a desire of promoting education divided his estates be- tween this hall and Emanuel college, Cambridge. The appropriation of the rents of those which were devised to this house of learning was left to the regulation of the principal and of the president of Magdalene college, who have founded with them three scholarships tenable i He graduated as M. A. of Brasenose college July 13, 1799; and in 1807 superintended a new edition of Grotius,de Veritate," &c. printed at the Clarendon press, in duodecimo. MAGDALENE HALL, 11 for three years; and the first election took place in 1833. The number of members on the books of this Hall considerably exceeds that of any other in the university, being at present one hundred and seventy-eight. BUILDINGS. The principal dates assigned to the va- rious buildings of the second Magdalene hall, after Wayn- flete's time, are 1518, 1614, and 1620; but in a carved border of the ceiling of the refectory, supported by brackets, there was the date of 1632 over the high pace, or raised platform. Some additions were also made by Dr. James Hyde in the reign of Charles II, and Dr. William Denison greatly enlarged the principal's lodg- ings in the reign of George III. The little bell-turret has been carefully preserved, the only remnant of the founder's time, having probably belonged to the gram- mar school¹. The other remains of the ruinous build- ings, left after the fire, were removed in 1825 and 1828. A long embattled wall at present is substituted for the old front of Magdalene hall; the character of the gateways and doorways being in some degree preserved by modern imitations of their different forms; as may be seen by comparing them with Loggan's print, the only one which amidst various additions since gives us a tolerable repre- sentation of Waynflete's original work m. * As the greater part of the fabric, however, with the exception of the lower part of the front, had been erected in that style of patch- work, chiefly of timber and plaster, with irregular dormers and gables, which prevailed in the time of the Wilkinsons, there is little reason to regret its demolition as a specimen of architecture. Of this singular curiosity, and of the building attached to it of the date of 1614, as restored from a design of Mr. Buckler, we have given a vignette in p. 1. m The old stone house between the site of this hall and the Grey- hound inn, is supposed to be of the date of 1518; the same probably which was occupied by some of the Perrot or Parret family; one of 12 MAGDALENE HALL. H ALLW FISHER SC STONE HOUSE NEAR THE OLD HALL. The principal's lodgings in the present Hall, and the corresponding line of new building containing rooms for students, with the library, porter's lodge, and kitchen, were erected by Mr. Evans of Oxford, from a design by Mr. Garbett, at the expense of Magdalene college. The first stone was laid on the fourth of May, 1820. The library is on the north side of the new court, and the collection of books is considerable; the libraries of the two societies having been united. That of Hertford col- lege had been greatly augmented with many rare and valuable works, in 1777, by the bequest of John Cale, esq., of East Barming in Kent, who also left an annual sti- pend of 30l. to the librarian. The original library of Hert hall was over the old gatehouse, and was built in the time of William Thornton, M. A., ad- mitted principal from Wadham college in 1688, one day after Dr. Lamphire's death. The remaining buildings were a part of Hert hall or Hertford college. The old re- fectory and the buttery, with the chambers over and ad- joining them, were enlarged, if not entirely erected, in the time of queen Elizabeth, by Mr. Philip Rondell, called by whom, Simon Parret, was principal of the hall from 1541 to 1550, and a benefactor to Magdalene college, of which he had been a fellow. MAGDALENE HALL. 13 Wood 'the wealthy principal.' His immediate successors, Dr. Theodore Price and Dr. Thomas Iles, made also con- siderable additions. The sets of rooms in the angle, be- tween the old lodgings of the principal and the chapel, are the only portion of the design of Dr. Newton's new college which has been completed. The chapel had been pre- viously erected by him, and was consecrated by Dr. Potter, bishop of Oxford, and afterwards archbishop of Canter- bury, on the 25th of November, 1716, being St. Catha- rine's day. The whole design of the new fabric was en- graved by Vertue for the Oxford Almanac of 1740. EMINENT MEN.-The former MAGDALENE HALL claims some prelates of high character: such as, John Longland", bishop of Lincoln; John Stokesley, bishop of London; and in more modern times John Wilkins, already mentioned, bishop of Chester: among its other eminent members we may enumerate the poets Da- niel and Warner, sir Henry Vane, sir Julius Cæsar, Edward Leigh, esq., lord Clarendon, sir Matthew Hale, Dr. Sydenham, Dr. Pococke, Dr. Hickes, Dr. Plot, Digby Cotes, afterwards fellow of All Souls' and public orator, Hobbes the philosopher of Malmsbury, and Tyndale the translator of the New Testament. Among the distinguished names connected with HERT HALL we find those of the three first wardens of New College; in whose time probably it was little more than a convenient appendage to that society. William Kemer, or Kymer, mentioned by Wood, ap. Gutch, p. 645, as principal in 1411, afterward chancellor of the university, should be Gilbert Kymer, the celebrated physician and friend of the good duke Humphrey of Gloucester; a name n Bishop Longland was a native of Henley, and became a great be- nefactor to the town, where he built an almshouse, &c. 14 MAGDALENE HALL. often occurring in the Fasti°. Of this hall also were William Botoner, the early travelling topographer, com- monly called William of Worcester; John Norden; lord Buckhurst; the illustrious JOHN SELDEN; Nicholas Fuller, also of St. John's college; sir William Waller; sir Richard Baker, &c. The four principals, who in succession governed HERTFORD COLLEGE, were persons of considerable. eminence in their time as writers or scholars; especially William Sharp, M. A., who succeeded Dr. Newton, and was appointed regius professor of Greek in 1763. Dr. Durell also distinguished himself as an Hebraist. But the two greatest ornaments of the college were archbi- shop NEWCOME and CHARLES JAMES FOX, who were both here at the same time as tutor and pupil. Dr. Newton himself, the FOUNDER of Hertford college, was a person of some celebrity in his day. He was born about the year 1676, in a house belonging to the earl of Northampton at Yardley Chace, in which his father then lived. He received his first education at Westminster school; from which he was elected in 1694 to a student- ship of Christ Church, where he became tutor. He pro- o He was junior proctor in 1413, principal of several halls in suc- cession, as of this, and of Coventry, and Durham halls; chancellor seve- ral times from 1447 to 1453, during which period in conjunction with Elias Holcot, warden of Merton college, he superintended the applica- tion of cardinal Beaufort's legacy of 500 marks towards the completion of the divinity school and other schools adjoining. He had great prefer- ment in the church, though a physician, being dean of Winborne Minster, prebendary of Wells and Gillingham, rector of Fording- bridge, treasurer and at length dean of Salisbury. In the index to the printed Valor Ecclesiasticus' of Henry VIII. he is erroneously styledepus Sar.,' and his name invariably misprinted Kenner. He founded and endowed a chantry in the church of Salisbury; the ma- nor of West Hach, near Tisbury, in Wiltshire, being attached to it. MAGDALENE HALL. 15 ceeded to the degree of M. A. in 1701, B.D. in 1707, and D. D. in 1710. In the latter year he was admitted principal of Hert hall. The duties of the hall, however, seem to have been very light; for we find him after this a private tutor in the family of lord Pelham, superin- tending the education of the young duke of Newcastle and his brother; and bishop Compton collated him to the rectory of Sudbury in Northamptonshire, on which he resided many years: not returning to Oxford, ac- cording to his biographers, till the year 1724. Wherever he was, nevertheless, he was diligent and assiduous in the discharge of his clerical duties; and no person was so frequently nominated to preach in the latter part of the reign of queen Anne, and in the beginning of that of George I, as Dr. Newton. In 1712 he was a candidate for the office of public orator, but Digby Cotes was pre- ferred to him. To prepare the public mind for the new foundation of Hertford college, he published his novel 'Scheme of Discipline,' &c. in 1720; compiled a body of statutes in 1725, though not published till 1747; and in 1726-7 appeared his singular treatise on University Education,' which involved him in much controversy, and attracted much ridicule. At length having ob- C P One remarkable passage relates to a student of his hall, who mi- grated to Trinity college, because they had a fine garden there, which he hoped would be of advantage to his health;' upon which occasion the principal makes these reflections: I do acknowledge it is a very fine garden. I question whether there are finer evergreens in any garden in Europe, than in that of Trinity college: but I would have him consider, that the proper use of that fine garden is not to create in philosophers an appetite to elegance, but to set forth to young men the advantage of education: for those fine yews could not have been so beautifully formed, if they had not been obedient to the bender's will, and suffered with patience the amputation of every luxuriant and superfluous branch, in confidence that all this art and care, and seeming severity of the pruner, would contribute to the im- 16 MAGDALENE HALL. tained a canonry of Christ Church, in 1752, which he held together with the principalship of his newly founded college, he retired to breathe the air of his native county for a short time at Lavendon Grange; where he died April 21, 1753, aged about seventy-seven. Some post- humous sermons of his have been published; but the rest of his papers and writings are said to have been de- stroyed by his widow, in compliance with his own sug- gestions on his death-bed. Fourteen years only having elapsed since the pre- sent worthy principal and his society took possession of NEW MAGDALENE HALL, it will not be expected that we should here have to record, as in the former esta- blishments, examples of departed genius, literature, and science. It may be sufficient however to observe, that it fully answers the purpose for which it was founded; and will, we may fairly presume from its present flou- rishing state, prove more than an equivalent for all the dissolved houses of learning to which it has succeeded. provement and to the reputation of the plants.' P. 82. The words in Italics prove Dr. Newton to have been familiar with Spenser's 'Faerie Queene,' in which among other trees described we find "The Eugh, obedient to the bender's will.' B. I. c. I. st. 9. דד 0.JEWITT VIEW LOOKING INTO NEW COLLEGE LANE. F Mackenzie NEW INN HALL. Published July 1 1836 by JILlarkey, Oxford.C.Tilt. Fleet St London & J.Le Keux. Harmondsworth JLe Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. AJEWITT se OLD BUILDINGS; REDUCED FROM LOGGAN. NEW INN HALL. IT appears from the registers of New College, examined by Wood, that Frideswide, daughter and heiress of Wil- liam Pennard, the last of her linea, gave and granted the site of this hall, then occupied by several tenements, to John Trilleck, bishop of Hereford, in 1349; who dying intestate in 1360, his interest in the premises de- volved to Thomas his brother, afterwards bishop of Rochester: and, although he within a few years con- veyed them to others, and they to William of Wykeham, yet from such distinguished proprietors the tenements naturally acquired the appellation of Trillecks' Inns. The founder of New College, having obtained a license of mortmain for the purpose, settled these inns, then two a She built in her lifetime, about the year 1340, in the old church of St. Peter in the Baily, the chapel of our Lady, allowing something for a priest to celebrate for her, &c. She died about the year 1352. See more concerning her, and her mansion of Rose hall, in Wood ap. Peshall, p. 169. 43 B ૭ NEW INN HALL. in number, with three gardens adjoining on the west side, and a messuage called Rose hall, with another garden adjoining, on the warden and scholars of his foundation, and their successors for ever, 8 June, 15 Ri- chard II. Wood very reasonably infers, that the Tril- lecks first demised these premises to scholars, because in the conveyance to William of Wykeham, in 1369, they are styled hospitia, or inns, for the first time; and not in the former conveyances. It appears that the Ber- nardines studied here, till Chichele founded his college of St. Bernard for them in Magdalene parish, where now St. John's college stands; after which this place, by a decree of the university, in a convocation of regents and nonregents, assembled in 1455, was declared free for respectable students of any description. Accordingly, as our Oxford antiquary informs us, it was replenished with civilians and canonists, and continuing so till the reign of Edward VI, during which time were constantly many admirable lectures made by the men of those fa- culties, in order to their degrees, it produced many that were eminent; of whom not a few were of the Welch nation.' The struggles between the advocates of the re- formed religion and their opponents, in the three follow- ing reigns, had the effect of thinning the universities, and the halls in particular; so that for more than half a century very few students were admitted here, on an average of years, till the time of Christopher Rogers, M. A. of Lincoln college, admitted principal in 1626. By this time Calvinism had become very prevalent in the uni- b The Pennards abovementioned, who gave name to Pennards' lane, were lords of Rose hall, alias Trillol, alias New Inn. See Wood ap. Peshall, pp. 169, 186. Trillol is probably a corruption of Trill' hall, an abbreviation of Trillock-hall. NEW INN HALL. versity; and the new principal being of that persuasion, or, as Wood states, a 'noted Puritan,' it was not unusual to matriculate forty members in one year from this hall: so that this and Magdalene hall were commonly styled the two nests of Precisians and Puritans c.' At the commencement of the civil war the students suddenly fled; and the place being completely deserted by them from 1642 to 1646, during this interval it was thought advisable to convert it into a mint office for the use of king Charles the First. BUILDINGS. The site and precincts of this place have ever continued the same from the time when it was first converted into an academic hall; consisting originally of the two tenements, already mentioned, and Rose Hall; which being united together by the Trillecks acquired the name of Trillecks' Inn, and subsequently New Inn, or New Inn Hall. Considerable sums were expended on the ancient fabric by New College 8 Hen. IV. But at length, being ruinous, it was taken down by the college, and entirely rebuilt, about the year 1460d. This is c Wood ap. Gutch, Colleges, &c. p. 677. In the same strain he adds: 'After the garrison was surrendered, and Rogers returned, then was it full again of such that were called " Seekers," i. e. such that lay in wait till the blessed Visitation should begin to turn out loyalists, and put these seekers in their places.' Between the time of this visitation and the resignation of principal Stone in 1684, there were generally from 20 to 40 students; but it relapsed afterwards into a state of decline and decay, so that at length not a single stu- dent inhabited it, till it was restored under the present principal. d Hence the appellation of New Inn, or New Inn Hall; not from its connection with New College, as repeatedly stated. On that sup- position it would rather have been called New College Inn, or New College Hall. The authority of John Rouse, the antiquary of War- wick, who lived about the time when it was rebuilt, is conclusive on JorM 1 B 2 4 NEW INN HALL. || therefore the date of the old buildings, though somewhat altered, as seen in Loggan's print; of which we have given a reduced engraving. A more favourable idea may be formed of the interior from an engraving of some fragments of ruinous walls in Mr. Skelton's Oxonia, exhibiting windows and arches of an elegant forme. It appears from the bursarial accounts of New Col- lege, that there was formerly a chapel here, built by the Bernardines; the last mention of which is about the time when they migrated from this place to their new habitation in Magdalene parish. Of this building no traces now remain. There was also a large chamber, or dormitory; in which they all slept, except the principal, according to the rules of their order. In the map by Agas there are several distinct masses of building, with large gardens adjoining. The tenements on the north side mark the situation of Rose hall. These seem to have been removed before Loggan's time; a large walnut tree being represented in his view behind the entrance gate, near the spot where they stood. A NEW BUILDING has been recently commenced here by the present prin- cipal; the original design for which will be found en- graved in p. 16. The walnut tree is consequently re- moved. It stood where the greenhouse now is. EMINENT MEN. As might be expected from the antiquity of this hall, there is a very copious list of prin- cipals; some of them persons of considerable eminence in their profession as legists, both civilians and canonists. this point: TRILLOCKYNNE, quod nunc dicitur Novum Hospitium, quia noviter ædificatum, pro legistis est.' TABELLA AULARUM Oxon. MS. e See also the Oxford Almanac for 1750, engraved by Vertue, and repeated by Mr. Skelton, pl. 53. NEW INN HALL. 5 < From its connection with the Wiccamical body, many of the principals were chosen from New College, All Souls, and Magdalene. The first principal recorded by Wood, is William Freman, admitted in 1438; the names of those preceding him not being recoverable, from the imperfection of the university register of admissions.' Sir William Dunne, D.C. L., the first burgess elected to represent the university in parliament, was principal of this hall. He was a fellow of All Souls', afterwards dean of the arches, and died master of the requests in 1617. Dr. Budden was principal here a short time, be- fore he became principal of Broadgates' hall. Dr. Lam- phire, Camden professor of history, was first admitted principal of this house in 1662, and translated in the fol- lowing year to the principality of Hert hall. He had been ejected by the parliament from his fellowship of New College, and practised physic in Oxford; but was restored in 1660. He died March 30, 1688, and was buried in the antechapel of New College. His successor here was the rev. William Stone, B. C. L.; who deserves to be particularly recorded as the founder of the hospital in St. Clement's parish, called after his name. He was sometime of St. Edmund hall, afterward one of the ministers of Winborne Minster in Dorsetshire; admitted principal in 1663, and not long after rector of Potters- pury in Northamptonshire. In 1664 he had the sine- cure of Northopp in Flintshire, died in 1685, aged 70, and was buried in St. Michael's church in Oxford f. De Blossiers Tovey, LL.D., admitted principal in 1732, was the author of a curious and interesting work, entitled, f The hospital has the date of 1700; being finished by his executor, Dr. Stephen Fry, some time fellow of Trinity college, who was him- self a great contributor. See our account of St. Clement's parish. B 3 6 NEW INN HALL. 6 Anglia Judaica; or, the History and Antiquity of the Jews in England;' Oxford, 1738, quarto. One of the greatest ornaments of this hall was sir William Black- stone, knt., D.C.L., so often mentioned, who was ad- mitted principal, August 3, 1761. He died February 14, 1780, in the 56th year of his age. Sir Robert Chambers, D.C. L., fellow of University college, succeeded Dr. Blackstone both in this principality and in the office of Vinerian professor, which he resigned in 1777, on his appointment to be one of his majesty's judges in the East Indies. He was succeeded by Dr. James Black- stone, a son of the celebrated judge, fellow of All Souls', recorder of Wallingford, one of the assessors in the vice- chancellor's court, and deputy steward to the university. On his death, J. A. Cramer, D. D., the present principal, and public orator of the university, was appointed by lord Grenville, as chancellor of the university, in 1831 ; who has erected at his own expense a fair mansion of freestone, with convenient offices, for the accommoda- tion of academical students. The names of eight bishops have been recovered, who by circumstances were connected with this hall; exclusive of the two Trillecks, who seem to have been the founders. of it; though none received their entire education here. Among learned persons educated here should be men- tioned John Twyne, the first of three generations of Ox- ford antiquaries of the same family; the last of whom, Brian Twyne, fellow of C. C. C., was elected the first keeper of the archives in 1634; to whose labours, and to whose collection of manuscripts, not only his own col- lege, but the whole university is much indebted. Wil- liam Durham, author of the Life and Death of Robert Harris, D. D., president of Trinity college under the NEW INN HALL. usurpation, and some other works, was admitted here in 1627, and proceeded M. A. in 1633. Being deprived, after the restoration, of the valuable rectory of Treding- ton in Worcestershire, which he had unjustly obtained by favour of the parliament, he was living as a 'private gentleman' when Wood wrote, without any cure of souls. He died however a conformist, as rector of St. Mildred's, Breadstreet, July 7, 1684. In later times, the rev. Dr. Scott, author of the Christian Life, &c., was a member of this hall. The first part of the street leading to this hall, from the Cornmarket, is mentioned 7 Hen. IV. by the name of Wood street; a presentment being then made against William Brompton for laying timber and stocks of trees therein, to the hinderance of passengers. Before this it was called Bedford lane, and Adynton lane. The other part, turning southward towards the church of St. Peter in the Baily, was anciently called 'The seven deadly sins lane;' but for what reason Anthony à Wood could not find; probably because every nuisance abounded there, from the union of seven narrow lanes: for Draper lane, or Sewy's lane, (in Saxon Sepi-тpycen,) which led into it towards the south end, is expressly said to have been the resort of malefactors and felons, as also a receptacle for filth and rubbish. The whole has long since been called New Inn Hall lane, or New Inn lane, from the erection of that academical establishment there. On the west side, and in St. Peter's parish, there was another ancient hall, called Elmehall, which seems to have extended to an angle formed by the castle trench. Near this spot a large elm is still visible. Being held by Oseney abbey under the city, with other ground ad- g Wood ap. Peshall, p. 184. Ibid. p. 185. B 4 8 NEW INN HALL. joining, it came into the possession of the dean and canons of Christ Church at the dissolution of the abbey, and was leased as garden ground in the reign of queen Elizabeth. Long before this the various lanes, which led hence to the castle mount and trench, had been dis- used, and allotted to the inhabitants for gardens. AN ET HIBER REX CAROLVS DIG MAG BE EWITT DELEC EXVRG EUS PRELIG PROT LEG DANG-LIBER PARL INIM DISSIPE 1644 ΟΧΟΝ OXFORD CROWN-PIECE, 1644. THE ROYAL MINT AT OXFORD. As we have men- tioned, that the premises of this hall were converted into a mint office for the use of Charles the First, a few more minute particulars than have hitherto been generally made known may not be uninteresting. The mint in this city is of very high antiquity. It can even boast of a specimen, remaining to this day, of money struck here by king Alfred. Of this unique coin, which is in the Bodleian collection, a singular circumstance has been observed by Mr. Ruding; that the name of the city is placed on the obverse, with the king's name, instead of being placed on the reverse; the latter being the general practice. King Athelstan, who began his reign in 924, appointed Two mints for NEW INN HALL. 9 Oxford; from which an inference may fairly be drawn of its increased prosperity. Money was also coined here in the reign of king Edgar. There are coins of Edward the martyr, of Æthelred II, of Canute, of Harold I, of Edward the Confessor, and of Harold II. In Domesday Book we find the mint mentioned, and the money contributed by the county for the support of it. The name of the monetarius' also occurs, who had a free house within the city, paying only a quit-rent of 40d., and subject only to the reparation of the city wall. Coins of William I. and II. and of Henry I. are well known to exist. In 1116, Faritius, or Faritz 5, abbot of Abingdon, who is mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle, among several revenues in Oxford bestowed on the infirmary of his abbey, reckons 57. for the land of Edwin the moneyer. It would be tedious to pro- duce all the proofs of the existence of this mint from the reigns of king Stephen, Henry II, John, and Henry III, to those of Henry V. and Edward IV, when the sheriff always accounted for it to the king's exchequer. We come therefore to the reign of Charles I, when the mint may be said to have been restored, though only for a time. After the battle of Edgehill, on the 23rd of October 1642, Charles came on the 28th of the same month to this city; when the several colleges presented him with nearly all that remained of their plate, together with such money as was left in their re- spective treasuries. g It is Faricius in the Annales de Margan, p. 5. translated from the Saxon Chronicle. Improperly printed Faratius in Peshall's His- tory, p. 330; and consequently the error is repeated by Mr. Ruding, vol. III. p. 100. Faritz died in the following year. Vid. Sax. Chron. p. 338. ed. 1823. h Some had been previously plundered by the parliament; that of 10 NEW INN HALL. The omission of any college in the list preserved by Tanner, which we have printed in a note below, affords Christ Church being carried away in the night in a great cowl be- tween two men' to the Star inn; and that of University college from Mr. Thomas Smith's house in St. Aldate's parish, where it was con- cealed. This was done in the preceding September of the same year. In July, 1642, in consequence of a letter from the king, dated at York, in which a loan of money was requested at the rate of 87. per cent, the whole convocation consented, that whatever money was in Savile's or Bodley's chest, or that of the University, should be lent to him. The sum of 8601. was consequently advanced from the Uni- versity. Other sums were lent by the several colleges and by many private persons. Of this first contribution from the colleges no very full or exact account is preserved, from the caution and secresy neces- sary to be practised in consequence of the attempts of the parliament- arians to intercept it; but in Tanner's MSS. in the Bodleian is the following statement of the precise quantity of plate sent to the mint in New Inn Hall, Jan. 20, 1642-3, from the respective colleges there named. The Cathedral Church of Christ. Jesus College.. • lb. oz. dit. Oriel College Queen's College • Lincoln College University College Brasen Nose College St. Mary Magdalene College All Souls' College Balliol College Merton College Trinity College .. 172 3 14 86 11 11 5 82 0 19 193 3 1 • 47 2 5 61 6 5 121 2 15 296 6 15 • • 253 1 19 41 4 0 79 11 10 174 7 10 Total 1610 1 18 To these contributions must be added the plate of Exeter college, which was given on the 2nd of February following: some delay having arisen from certain conscientious scruples entertained by the society, lest they should thereby transgress their statutes. The quantity is stated to be 246lbs. 5oz. Idwt., making a total of 1856lbs. 6oz. 19 dwts. In addition to which the gentry and clergy sent in, on the same day, 701 lbs. 10 oz. 9dwts. V. Gutch, Coll. Cur. I. 227, &c. reprinted by Mr. Ruding, Annals of Coinage, III. 104. NEW INN HALL. 11 no decisive proof, that such college did not contribute its quota to the necessities of the unfortunate monarch¹. Wadham and Pembroke, having been recently founded, had probably no great quantity to bestow. The delay which occurred at Exeter has been satisfactorily ex- plained; and the society at Corpus agreed on the 21st of January, the very next day after the rest was sent in, that their plate should be sent also; though the quan- tity does not appear. New College is not on the list; but New INN is the only exception, according to Wood, of all the colleges and halls in the university. the donation complete, and even compulsory on the halls, being under the jurisdiction of the chancellor of the university, notwithstanding this reluctance in New Inn Hall, there was a decree of convocation, dated 31 January, 1642-3, granting to the king for the use To make i We have been favoured by Dr. Bliss with the following extract from some manuscript memoirs on this subject, preserved in the Bodleian: 'I am informed by my worthy friend Mr. Richard Rod, yt when King Charles ye first had his residence in Oxford, in ye time of our civil wars, the king wanting cash to pay his soldiers, he was necessitated to send for the colledge plate to coyne money and accordingly had it delivered to him. But St. John's Colledge people being loath to loose the memory of their benefactors gave ye king a sume of money to ye value of it, and so it staid with them some time, but ye king's urgent occasions for money still pressing him forward he sent to demand it a second time, and had it; upon wch ye king ordered the rebus of Richard Bayly the then president of St. John's, 1644, to be put on the money coyn'd with ye plate. Mr. Rod did help me to half a crown of this money, wch had ye rebus of Rich. Bayly on both sides; viz. under ye king a horse back on one side, and under this motto: REL. PRO. LE. ANG. LIB. PAR. "The Protestant Religion, the Laws of England, and the Priviledge of Parliament.' And under 1644, on ye other side.' MS. Memoirs of Thomas Basker- ville, son of Hannibal Baskerville, probably written in 1685 or 1686. 12 NEW INN HALL. of his mint all the' plate, silver and gilt, to be found in any of the halls k The royal proclamation establishing the mint here, is dated 15 Dec. 1642; and in the following month circular letters were sent to the several societies in the same form, requesting the loan of their plate; the conductors of the mint ¹, sir William Parkhurst and T. Bushell, esq. being instructed to tender a receipt, and to promise, on the part of his majesty, that the value thereof should be returned, at the rate of five shillings the ounce for sil- ver, or white plate, and sixpence more for each ounce of silver gilt. The form of these receipts we have printed below, together with a copy of the king's circular, which k This was in compliance with the following letter from the king addressed to the Vice-chancellor and the rest of the convocation :' Charles R.—Trusty and well-beloved, we greet you well. Whereas we have lately, by our letters to the several heads and fellows of every college in this our university, desired the loan of all the plate belong- ing to these our said colleges, for the supply and maintenance of our army raised for the defence of us and these whole kingdoms; and whereas we are informed that there are other quantities of plate be- longing to our university for the use of several halls, WHICH CANNOT BE DISPOSED OF BUT BY THE CONSENT OF THE CONVOCATION; we have thought fit, &c. Oxford, 25 Jan. 1642.' (i. e. 1642-3.) Quibus perlectis etc. omnis cœtus magistrorum regentium et non regentium an- nuebat, ut quæcunque vasa et utensilia, argentea aut deaurata, in aulis invenirentur, ad usum Serenissimi, &c. 31 Jan. 1642.' 1 The officers of the mint were the same who had been employed at Aberystwith for several years, in coining silver money from the rich mines of the principality; and who, having removed the mint from York and Shrewsbury, came at length to Oxford by the king's ap- pointment, January 3, 1642-3. For more particulars respecting this mint, see the third volume of Mr. Ruding's elaborate work on the coinage of Great Britain, Lond. 1817, 4 vols. 4to. The Extracts re- printed there from Dr. Folkes's work were communicated by the re- verend and learned Francis Wise, B. D. fellow of Trinity College and Radcliffe librarian. See our account of the Radcliffe Library, p. 12. NEW INN HALL. 13 is accompanied with his sign manual, stipulating on what conditions the plate was to be received for his use m. Before the end of the following year nearly all the plate in Oxford, whether belonging to public bodies, or private individuals, had been carried to the mint, and converted into money to pay his majesty's armies. Not even Anthony à Wood's plate, given to him by his god- m To our trusty and well-beloved the President and Fellows of Trinity College, in our university of Oxon. 'CHARLES R.—Trusty and well-beloved we greet you well. We are so well satisfied with your readiness and affection to our service, that we cannot doubt but you will take all occasions to express the same; and as we are ready to sett or engage any of our land, so we have melted down our plate for the payment of our army raised for our defence and the preservation of the kingdom. And having re- ceived several quantities of plate from diverse of our loving subjects, we have removed our mint hither to our city of Oxford for the coining thereof. And we do hereby desire you, that you will lend unto us all such plate, of what kind soever which belongs to your college, pro- mising you to see the same justly repaid unto you, after the rate of 5s. the ounce for white, and 5s. 6d. for gilt plate, as soon as God shall enable us; for assure yourselves, we shall never let persons, of whom we have so great care, to suffer for their affection to us, but shall take special order for the repayment of what you have already lent to us, according to our promise, and also of this you now lend in plate, well knowing it to be the goods of your college that you ought not to alien, though no man will doubt but in such a case you may lawfully lend to assist your king in such visible necessity. And we have entrusted our trusty and well beloved sir William Parkhurst, knt. and Thomas Bushell, esq. officers of our mint, or either of them, to receive the said plate from you, who upon weighing thereof shall give you a receipt, under their or one of their hands for the same. And we assure ourself of your very great willingness to gratify us herein, since, besides the more public considerations you cannot but know how much yourselves are concerned in our sufferings. And we shall ever remember this particular service to your advantage. Given at our Court at Oxford this 6th day of January, 1642.' ‘January the 19th, 1642. Received of the President and Fellows 14 NEW INN HALL. fathers and godmother at his baptism, was spared ". In the great fire, which happened this year, from a soldier roasting a pig which he had stolen, the mint narrowly escaped. It seems to have been in active and constant operation about four years; namely, from 1642 to 1646. In the latter year, the garrison at Oxford having sur- rendered to the parliament, June 24, and the mint in the Tower of London being in their possession, this of course was discontinued; and the very mention of it seems to have been omitted in the articles for the surrender of the garrison: whence Mr. Ruding concludes, that it was with- drawn before that time. Large quantities of money, both in gold and silver, were struck here during the ascendancy of the royal cause; but as that declined the mint declined also. of Trinity College in Oxford, in plate for his majesty's service as fol- loweth : lbs. oz. dwt. In white plate 130 8 15 In gilt plate.... 43 10 15 November the 2nd, 1642. I Matthew Bradley, paymaster general of his majesty's army, have received of the worshipful the president and fellows of Trinity College in Oxford, the full 2001. sum of two hundred pounds for his majesty's use and service. I say received.. The value of the plate was equal to 5371. and a fraction; which added to the previous loan of 2007. in money, makes a total of 7371. and upwards, from one college only. The society of All Souls received an acquittance from sir Richard Chaworth, chancellor of Chichester, for 651l. 7s. 3d. lent to his majesty's use, July 11, 1642. n V. Life, p. 20. Whether the king's necessities at length compelled the conductors of the mint to coin base money, as queen Elizabeth is said to have coined such for Ireland; or whether the genuine coin was imitated by forgeries, is uncertain. Pieces have been found of this date, consisting of iron ore cased with silver; the magnitude and thickness of the coin favouring the deception. NEW INN HALL. 15 As the Oxford mint was managed by the officers and moneyers who had been long established at Aberystwith, and it was in fact considered the same royal mint removed to this place for the king's greater convenience, the money coined at New Inn hall has generally the ostrich plume of the principality, commonly called the Welch feathers, on one or both sides; being the mark of distinction adopted by that mint. One beautiful coin, a crown piece, has a view of the city of Oxford, with the entrenchments by which it was then fortified, and the word Oxon in Roman capitals, under the king's horse. Of this there is an engraving in Snelling's plates, repeated in Mr. Ruding's fourth volume, Pl. XXIV. We have also given one from the coin itself, which we trust will be considered as a satisfactory specimen of Mr. Jewitt's accuracy and skill in this department. The money coined here differed in form from the com- mon type, and some pieces of new denomination were also introduced; particularly silver pieces of ten and twenty shillings. Some are of very coarse and mean work, though not deficient in weight. The most re- markable pieces are those which we have noticed, with the cypher R for Richard Baylie, president of St. John's college, with the date of 1644, of silver only. He is said to have suffered greatly for his services to the king; but what credit is to be given to the tradition, that he procured him a considerable loan about this time, Mr. Ruding could not determine. The letter B alone, placed at the head of the king's style on some of these coins, is supposed to be intended for the initial of Bushell, the name of the mint-master. At this mint chiefly were struck those coins known 16 NEW INN HALL. by the name of EXURGAT money; so called from the legend on the reverse, EXURGAT DEUS DISSIPENTUR INIMICI: Let God arise, and let his enemies be scat- tered: Ps. lxviii P. The silver coins altogether consisted of pieces of twenty shillings, ten shillings, crowns, half-crowns, shillings, half-shillings, groats, quarter-shillings, half- groats, and pennies. The gold coins were, the three- pound piece, the twenty shillings, and the ten shillings. The two latter have been since revived in our times, under the denomination of sovereigns and half-sove- reigns. P They bear the dates of 1642, 43, 44, 45, and 46. The Oxford mint marks are, the Fleur de Lis, 1644, 5, 6; the trefoil, 1644; B and R in a cypher thus, B, for Richard Baylie, 1643, 4, 5; A, 1645; B, 1646. The OPEN BOOK, F. S. The Rose, or a sort of cross, F. atatata to DESIGN FOR THE NEW BUILDINGS. O.JEWITT SC. EMackenzie. ST ALBAN HALL. Published Oct 1836 by JH.Parker, Oxford, CTilt Fleet Street London & J.Le Keux Harmondsworth Le Keux MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. WA-DELAMOTTE O JEWITT S DEL BELL TOWER, &c. ST. ALBAN HALL. WOOD has pronounced this hall to be the most an- cient that is now in being, as inhabited by scholars of the university under the government of a principal; and though, after a diligent search, he could not find the name of a principal till the year 1437, it is because the university registers of admission begin only a short time before. It owes its distinctive appellation, not to St. Alban's abbey, with which it never had any connection, 46 B 2 ST. ALBAN HALL. C but to a family of that name, now softened into St. Auban; one of whom, an ancient burgher of Oxford, living in king John's time, and afterwards; was called Robertus de Sancto Albano.' This hall, under the name of his tenement, with another tenement on the west side of it, in succeeding times called Nun hall, was given by this Robert of St. Alban about the beginning of the reign of Henry the Third, to the nuns of Little- more; who had also a hall in School street, called Paskehall, from one Thomas Paske, who gave it to them about the middle of the same king's reign; in which were their schools, called Littlemore schools. The first of these halls occurs by the same name as at present, about the latter end of the reign of Edward the First, 1305, being mentioned in the records of Balliol college, in the description of their tenements in St. John Baptist parish; for they had property closely adjoining to it. The second is also mentioned distinctly about the time of the foundation of Merton college, and was for a considerable time used by that society for the education of the kindred of their founder; who had lodgings here under a principal chosen from the fellows with the consent of the university. For several years both these halls flourished in their separate state, particularly the latter, under distinct principals appointed as above: but they seem to have been generally conveyed to the college in one and the same lease, for a long term of years, by the nuns of Littlemore. In one of these, preserved in the treasury of the college, dated 2 Edw. IV. 1462, Christina, prioress of Littlemore, demised them both under their distinct names for a term of ninety-nine years, together with two gardens belonging to them, described as extending ST. ALBAN HALL. 3 from the said halls on the north to the town wall almost on the south. But in another lease for sixty-seven years, 12 Hen. VII. 1496, Nun hall is merged in St. Alban hall; and the two gardens are described as one, having Merton college on the west, and a garden be- longing to Balliol college on the east: the warden and scholars of Merton college having about this time, as it is supposed, converted the two halls into one; leaving one common gate of entrance, and uniting the scholars under the government of the same principal. Nun hall had its five distinct principals from 1455 to 1461, whose names are preserved by Wood; but there is a long list of those who presided over both societies after their union, all of whom, till nearly the end of the sixteenth century, were either fellows or scholars of Merton college. Cardinal Wolsey having possessed himself of the lands and revenues of Littlemore a nunnery on its disso- lution, this property, which had always belonged to that convent, though leased to Merton college, came to the crown after the fall of the cardinal, and was bestowed on Dr. George Owen, the king's physician, sometime fellow of Merton college; who soon after conveying it to sir John Williams of Thame, and sir John Gresham, knights, and they to John Pollard, and Robert Perrott, esquires, by license of king Edw. VI. 1548, being held of the crown in capite, it was in the following year con- veyed to Merton college; who are consequently from that time, according to Wood, the real and sole lords thereof,' though the nomination of the principal has been long surrendered to the chancellor of the university. 6 a Though the ancient Saxon convent, called the Mynchery, is now nearly forgotten, the connection of the inhabitants of the liberty B 2 ST. ALBAN HALL. The BUILDINGS of this hall, which occupy a very small space, were first brought into a quadrangular form by the conversion of two ancient halls into one, as we before suggested, chiefly at the expense of Merton col- lege. This was about the commencement of the reign of Henry the Seventh, Dr. Fitzjames being then war- den; whose arms were accordingly placed in an upper window next to the walks: viz. argent; a dolphin em- with the parish of St. Mary the Virgin in the city of Oxford is likely to be still further promoted by the erection of a new church, con- siderably to the west of the Mynchery, of which we have given an en- graving below. The public spirit which suggested and executed this edifice, and the chaste simplicity of the design, are very creditable to those who are engaged in this truly Christian work. For a view of the remains of the Mynchery, as they now exist, see our Memorials of St. Mary's church and parish, p. 14. Though the nuns had their private chapel and burying-ground on the north side of their convent, yet there is reason to suppose a church or chapel to have existed here, for the use of the inhabitants of the liberty, on or near the site of the new one. In digging the foundation 22 bodies were found lying all east and west: there is also some glebe land and a rectory house near the spot. The whole expense of the new fabric was about 8001. It is calculated for 210 persons; the dimensions being 60 feet by 25 in the clear, and 40 feet high. The east window is copied from one at St. Giles's church in Oxford. NEW CHURCH AT LITTLEMORE. ST. ALBAN HALL. 5 LO bowed azure, quartering Draycot. His nephew also, Dr. James Fitzjames, formerly a commoner in this hall, contributed several sums of money, and obtained more from other benefactors. One of the most interesting fea- tures of the place, though no part of the present hall, is a broad mullioned window, which lights a room belonging to Merton college lodgings, looking into the court of the hall on the western side, apparently of the time of warden Fitzjames; and, as we find mention of the warden's chapel in the old accounts of the college, it is probable that this is the east window which belonged to it, the western part being taken into the long gallery which constitutes the present approach to the warden's lodgings. The front of the hall is said to have been rebuilt entirely from the foundation in the year 1600; the for- mer one being taken down the year before. As it is particularly noticed, that the new front was built with freestone, it may be presumed that the old one was con- structed with rubble, timber, and stucco, or after some inferior mode. The form of the windows appears to be of an earlier date than 1600. Benedict Barnham, a citi- zen and alderman of London, and sometime a commoner of this house, having left a legacy of 2007. towards the expense of rebuilding this front, his arms, viz. sable, a cross engrailed between four crescents, argent, quarter- ing Bracebridge, are cut in stone over the common gate of entrance, as a testimony of his benefaction. The same arms have been since used as the arms of the hall, on plate, &c. The south side of the quadrangle was rebuilt in 1789 by Dr. Randolph, then principal. The Lodgings were a few years since almost entirely rebuilt, at a considerable expense, by Dr. Whately, the late prin- B 3 6 ST. ALBAN HALL. cipal, the present distinguished archbishop of Dublin. On the right hand, as we enter into the court from the outer gate, or doorway, is the common dining hall, or refectory. The bell-tower at the north-western angle, which is of considerable antiquity, has a modern addition to it of a singular appearance, which is seen in our en- graving of the interior, page 1. EMINENT MEN.-Several distinguished prelates have been either educated here, or in some way connected with the hall; of whom Richard Fitzjames, John Hooper, the martyr, Thomas Lamplugh, Narcissus Marsh, &c. were sometime principals. Amongst its students may be named, Philip Massinger, the dramatic poet, William Lenthall, speaker to the house of commons in the long parliament, and sir Thomas Higgons. Zachary Bogan, M.A., a learned puritan of the 17th century, and a benefactor to the city of Oxford, was a member of this hall before he was elected to Corpus; where he died from intense applica- tion to his studies, Sept. 1, 1659, and was buried in the cloister. He wrote several works in divinity and phi- lology, which are now become scarce. Dr. Venner, a native of Somersetshire, and a popular physician at Oxford and Bath for nearly half a century, was a com- moner of this hall. He was the author of several medi- cal works; but the one by which he was most known was a treatise on the 'Baths of Bath; or, a necessary compendious treatise concerning the nature, use, and efficacy of those famous hot waters; published for the benefit of all such as yearly for their health resort to those baths. With an advertisement of the great utility that cometh to man's body by the taking of physick in the spring; inferred upon a question moved, concerning the frequency of sickness and death of people more in that ST. ALBAN HALL. 7 a season than in any other. Whereunto is also annexed a censure, concerning the water of St. Vincent's rocks near Bristol,' &c. London, printed by Felix Kyngston, in 1628, 4to. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, vol. II. p. 311. Among the more eminent principals may be noticed Hugh Saunders, alias SHAKSPEARE, D. D.; William Bysse, M. A. admitted in 1507, whose epitaph is on a small brass plate in Merton transept; William Marshall, benefactor to Merton library, who died in 1583, and is buried in the same place; sir Arthur Atey, knt. public orator of the university, who was buried at Harrow on the hill; Richard Radclyffe, M. D. buried in the lady chapel of St. Peter's in the East; the last principal who was of Merton college: all those preceding him having been also of that society. Of his two immediate succes- sors, both of the name of Master, one was of All Souls' and the other of Trinity. Among the more recent prin- cipals may be noticed Dr. Winstanley, Camden professor, and PETER ELMSLEY, D. D., the celebrated Grecian, whose well merited epitaph we have recorded in the Memorials of Christ Church, p. 27. Dr. Elmsley, in- deed, though chiefly known as a Greek critic and philo- logist, was possessed of such varied stores of learning and science as enabled him to shed unexampled lustre, by his numerous and valuable contributions, on the pe- riodical literature of the day. To his astonishing com- prehensiveness and exactitude of information, combined with a sound and clear judgment, there are many now living who can bear ample testimony; to whom he was b It is not improbable, that he was of the same family with the great dramatist. He occurs as principal of this hall in 1501, became afterward vicar of Mepham in Kent, and rector of Mixbury in Oxfordshire. 8 ST. ALBAN HALL. was also endeared by the most amiable qualities of social and private life. He was born in 1773, educated at West- minster and Christ Church, and died at his Lodgings as principal of this hall March 8, 1825. An excellent me- moir of him, with a full account of his literary labours, will be found in the obituary of the Gentleman's Maga- zine for April in that year. As this communication proceeded from the pen of the late lamented Dr. Burton, we shall conclude with a few extracts from it. Dr. Elmsley, in the opinion of this able memorialist, probably the best ecclesiastical scholar in England; more conversant than any one with all the history of religious opinion, except perhaps for the present times, and with all the details, however trifling, connected with the several churches of Christendom.' It is of importance to notice this part of his character, lest his studies should be supposed in the present age to be not strictly pro- fessional. He was almost equally at home (continues his biographer) in the civil institutions and usages of different countries, and in every species of historical in- formation; never pretending to knowledge that he did not possess, but rarely found deficient in the power of answering any question. His kindness towards his family and friends, his scrupulous integrity, his disdain of every thing base and servile, were conspicuous to all who had opportunities of observing his character, though never ostentatiously displayed. The last months of his life called forth other qualities, which support and dignify the hours of sorrow and suffering; a steady fortitude, that uttered no complaint, and betrayed no infirmity; with a calm and pious resignation, in that spirit of Christian philosophy he had always cultivated, to the pleasure of his Creator." 6 EMackenzie. STEDMUND HALL. Published Oct 11836, by J.H.Parker, Oxford, C Tilt. Fleet St London & JLe Keux Harmondsworth, J.Le Keux. O.JEWITT SO WA.DELAMUTT CHAPEL AND LIBRARY, &c. ST. EDMUND HALL. It is now generally agreed, notwithstanding the con- trary opinion advanced by Wood, that ST. EDMUND HALL derives its name from Edmund le Riche, arch- bishop of Canterbury, who delivered lectures in certain schools on the same site from the year 1219 to 1226, and was soon after his death canonized by pope Inno- cent V. at the prayer of the university of Oxford, the bishops of Salisbury, Bath and Ely, and the abbot and friars of Abingdon, addressed to Gregory X. the prede- cessor of Innocent, in letters which are still extant a. The 16th of November, the day set apart to him in the Romish calendar, was formerly kept as a 'gaudy' by the members of the hall. EDMUND was the son of respectable and wealthy pa- rents in Abingdon. His father was called Rainold le a Vide Johannis de Fordun Scotichronicon,' published by Hearne, vol. V. p. 1405. Oxford, 8vo. 1722. 10 ST. EDMUND HALL. Riche; his mother, whose name was Mabilia, was a woman of great piety and devotion, under whose re- ligious instructions his early years were passed. He was educated at this university; after which, according to the practice of scholars of that day, he visited the university of Paris, where he was dignified with the title of professor of divinity. On his return he opened his schools, called afterwards St. Edmund's schools; where, in his capacity of professor, he taught divinity and philosophy. He is said to have first introduced into Oxford some of the logical treatises of Aristotle; whose works from this time became universally read, though chiefly through the medium of Latin translations. His lectures were much frequented by scholars; among whom are enumerated St. Sewall, archbishop of York, St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, bishop Grossteste, and friar Roger Bacon; besides Robert Bacon, who was afterwards his intimate companion, and who wrote his life. It is also stated by Wood, that seven of his pupils were translated by Stephen de Lexinton to the Isle of Wight, to supply with inmates Quarrer abbey, belonging to the Cistercian order, as being men eminent in academic literature. During his residence in Oxford he refused to receive any remuneration for his lectures from his auditors; and from his own resources contributed to the support of needy students. The lady chapel on the north side of St. Peter's church, adjoining to the chancel, was built by him for the resort of his pupils c. b Some Epistles of Grossteste, addressed to him, are still extant in manuscript; in one of which he extols him as combining the 'wisdom of the serpent with the harmlessness of the dove.' MSS. Bodl. Laud. 312, fol. 136. c See our account of St. Peter's church, and Supplementary notes,' ST. EDMUND HALL. 11 After six years of public instruction in Oxford, he became so eminent in the study and profession of divi- nity, that he was appointed archbishop of Canterbury in 1233; which high office he held for a period of eight years, that is, until his death. This Hall, or some of the tenements connected with it, after the time of St. Edmund, though still occupied by scholars, became the property of one Ralph Fitz- Edmund, in the year 1260; from whom it passed to sir Brian de Bermingham. It was subsequently sold to Thomas de Malmsbury, vicar of Cowley, by whom it was presented to the abbey of Oseney in 1269. The canons of Oseney continued to devote it to literary pur- poses, by letting it to principals elected by the members; of whom the earliest on record is William Boys, or De Bosco. The records of Oseney, between the years 1276 and 1307, having been lost, no express mention of St. Edmund hall occurs until the year 1317, when the name of John de Cornubia appears, as paying rent to the abbey in his capacity of principale. In all the rent- rolls and other documents, till the middle of the reign of Edward III, the Hall is invariably styled Aula Sancti Edmundi. On the suppression of Oseney abbey together with other religious houses in 1546, Henry VIII. trans- ferred the hall to J. Bellow and R. Bygott, who conveyed &c. in the Oxford Herald, Aug. 13, 1836. The fact is attested in the letter from the university already mentioned, page 1. d Wood from documents in Magdalene college and Christ Church. Hence the erroneous notion, that the name of the hall was derived from Edmund, the father of this Radulph or Ralph. e The entry stands thus: Aula S. Edmundi x sol. et x sol. et iiii. Princ. Mr. J. de Cornubia et de Egglosfeyl.' In another rent-roll, A. D. 1324, reference is made to his successor Robert Luc. de Cor- nubia: An. xlvi sol. viii den. Aula Sancti Edmundi &c. per Mag. Rob. Luc. Princ.' 12 ST. EDMUND HALL. it to W. Burnell, gent. It was purchased the same year for forty marks by W. Denyse, D. D. provost of Queen's, who presented it to that college in 1557. During the greater part of these eleven years the hall had remained empty; but Queen's college, by a composition dated in the first year of Elizabeth, A. D. 1559, obtained from the university in convocation a confirmation of their right to the perpetual appointment of the principal, on the condition of its reestablishment by them as a place of learning. Since this period it has generally continued in a flourishing state. The following statement from Wood's history of this hall is of importance, as it regards the right of Queen's college to the election of the principal: Upon the resignation of Thomas Bowsfield, principal, there was a dispute about the title, whether it was in the chancellor's power, or in the college, or the commoners of the hall, to elect a principal; and one Justice (or Jus- titiarius) Walmesley f, informs the said chancellor con- cerning the state of the business; containing several ex- ceptions against the composition before mentioned: but upon a full and accurate debate, the college sending to the chancellor the judgment both of the civil and com- mon lawyers in favour of them, and he thereupon ap- pointing six commissioners, two for himself, two for the college, and two for the commoners, to make a dili- gent search into the public records, it was clearly ad- judged to be the college right of electing a principal of the said hall, whensoever any principal thereof either resigned, deceased, or was ejected. The BUILDINGS of the hall occupy very little more a f 'Sir Th. Walmesley, a judge knighted by K. James I. 1603, justice in the king's bench [11 Jac. Reg.] Qu. Cat. Incept.' Note by Wood ap. Gutch, page 662. ST. EDMUND HALL. 13 than three sides of a quadrangle. They originally con- sisted of a part only of the western side, facing Queen's college. Additions however were made about 1451, and afterwards, at the expense of Oseney abbey; when the chambers looking northward into the churchyard were erected. The original buildings on the western side were, on account of their dilapidated condition, pulled down about 1635; when the present edifices, containing the refectory and chambers over it, with a cellar under- neath, and a buttery and kitchen adjoining, were erected by Dr. Airay, principal, partly at his own expense, but aided by liberal contributions from Queen's college and other benefactors. Part of the northern side, built in 1451, was repaired by Robert Thomlinson, sometime vice-principal, another part by Thomas Shaw, D. D., ad- mitted principal in 1740; but a portion of the original wall of stucco may still be seen on the side facing St. Peter's churchyard. On the south side of the quadrangle is an ancient doorway, now bricked up, and an embattled wall extending from the high buildings' containing five stories, erected in 1660-1, to the south-east angle of the These high buildings,' though intended for the accommodation of students, being built by Christopher Airay, nephew of principal Airay, have been for many years separated from the hall. Adjoining these are the principal's lodgings, which have been lately much en- larged and improved. court. C The CHAPEL and LIBRARY, which stand on the east side, the site of which was given by the warden and fellows of New College, subject only to a quitrent of one shilling per annum, were built chiefly by the liberality of Stephen Penton, B. D. principal, previously fellow of New College, assisted by benefactions and 14 ST. EDMUND HALL. money derived from plate belonging to the hall, which was sold for the purpose by permission of the vice- chancellor. The particulars are stated in detail by Mr. Gutch in a note to Wood's history, page 669, from the author's manuscripts in the Museum. The first stone of the CHAPEL was laid April 19, 1680, and it was consecrated under the name of St. Edmund, by bishop Fell, April 7, 1682. The LIBRARY is over the antechapel, containing be- tween two and three thousand volumes, contributed principally by different members of the hall. John Loder, M. A. we have already mentioned as having in 1742 left his study of books to this hall and Worcester college. Principal Tullie, and the reverend John Ber- riman of London, are mentioned among the benefactors. In addition to these benefactions, Dr. John Rawlinson, who succeeded Dr. Aglionby as principal in 1610, left a small endowment, about 37. per annum, for a catechist lecturer. Sir Ch. Thorold, an alderman of London, left money for an exhibition; and Dr. George Holme, rector of Headleigh, Hants, recently left a sum of money, which, in pursuance of his will, has been employed in the purchase of the rectory of Great-Gatcombe in the Isle of Wight, to be annexed to the principalship: but the hall not being incorporated, the university holds it in trust to present the principal to it on every vacancy. EMINENT MEN.-The following appear to have been the more eminent among the principals. Peter Payne, alias Clerke, who was admitted principal in 1410, and had probably been educated in this hall, was distin- guished as a very strenuous defender of Wickliffe, in sermons and disputations, both at Oxford and at the council of Basil. John Aglionby, D.D., admitted princi- ST. EDMUND HALL. 15 pal in 1601, was chaplain to queen Elizabeth and King James I., and had a considerable hand in the English translation of the New Testament. He died at Islip, Feb. 6, 1609-10, aged 43, and was buried in the chancel of that church, of which he had been some years rector. Thomas Tullie, D. D., chaplain to Charles II., a learned divine and author of several controversial and theolo- gical works, was admitted principal in 1658. John Mill, D. D., sometime fellow of Queen's, admitted principal in 1685, was editor of the valuable edition of the Greek Testament with various readings. Thomas Shaw, D. D., admitted principal in 1740, was the celebrated traveller in Barbary and the Levant. He was chaplain to the factory of Algiers; and died vicar of Bramley. Among those who have received their education in this hall may be mentioned Sir William Jones, an emi- nent judge, who entered in 1570, aged 14, and after- wards studied at Lincoln's Inn. He was descended from Mervyn, son of Roderic the Great. Lewis Owen of Anglesea, a benefactor to Jesus college, was a student here in 1578, and afterwards of Hert Hall. David Jenkyns, who entered in 1597, studied afterwards at Gray's Inn, and became one of the judges for South Wales. Having, in the execution of his duty, made himself obnoxious to the parliamentarians, by his firm- ness in punishing severely several persons who had taken arms against the king, he was made a prisoner at Here- ford in 1645, and sent to the Tower. He refused at the restoration to be made one of the judges in Westminster hall, and retired to his estate in Glamorganshire. To these may be added, Dr. George Bate, chief physician to Charles I, to Cromwell, and afterwards to Charles II :- John Newton, an eminent mathematician and astronomer, 16 ST. EDMUND HALL. and one of his majesty's chaplains; created D.D. in 1661: -Edward Chamberlayne, author of Notitia Angliæ, and other works:-Sir R. Blackmore, physician to Wil- liam III. and queen Anne:-J. Kettlewell, a pious and learned divine: -John Oldham, the poet. Thomas Hearne, the indefatigable antiquary, lived in this hall till his death, which happened in June, 1735. He was for some time one of the keepers of the Bodleian library; and published between sixty and seventy scarce works, chiefly from manuscripts in that valuable repository. Humphrey Wanley, another learned antiquary, was partly contem- porary here with Hearne. Sir Thomas Littelton, and the Right Hon. Arthur Onslow, both speakers of the house of commons, as well as the father and uncle of the latter, were also members and benefactors of this hall. Several distinguished prelates have been educated here: among whom were George Carleton, afterwards fellow of Merton college; first bishop of Llandaff, and then of Chichester; and White Kennett, bishop of Peter- borough in 1718, sometime vice-principal; a learned his- torian and antiquary, and particularly conversant with the northern languages. To these may be added the present bishop of Calcutta, late vice-principal; a man of eminent piety and talents. HJ ARMS OF THE HALL. E Mackenzie. 777 THE DIVINITY SCHOOL, & PART OF THE BODLELAN LIBRARY. Published Jan 11836, by J.H. Parker, Oxford, C.Tilt, Fleet St London; &J Le Keux, Harmondsworth J. Le Keux. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. DUKE HUMPHREY'S LIBRARY, 1566; FROM THE DRAWING BY BEREBLOCK. See p. 7. BODLEIAN LIBRARY. BEFORE we enter into a description of this princely repository of books and manuscripts, it will be proper to give some account of the libraries which preceded it. LISLE'S LIBRARY. We are indebted to the manu- script Collections of Nicholas Bishop, cited by Anthony à Wood, for the preservation of the name of the first donor of books to the university, in the early part of the 13th century. This was Roger Lisle, or De Insula, dean of York; who gave several copies of the Bible to be used by the scholars of Oxford under a pledge a' a Hist. and Antiq. by Gutch, vol. II. part ii. p. 910. It appears from the researches of Browne Willis, that this Roger de Insula, the same who is mentioned by Le Neve as chancellor of the diocese of Lincoln, was made dean of York about 1221, and died in 1230; or, as some accounts state, in 1235. 37 B 20 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. The place of custody for these literary treasures was then the old chancel of St. Mary's church, now the uni- versity engine-house, which was also used as the congre- gation-house so early as 1201. Here, or in some of the many chapels belonging to that church, the books given by different benefactors remained about two centuries, locked up in chests, or chained upon desks, as the custom then was. COBHAM'S LIBRARY. About the year 1320, Thomas Cobham, bishop of Worcester, having given his books to the university, made preparations for building a new library b over the old congregation-house before men- tioned; but as he died before the completion of the work, and some claims were interposed by Oriel college as rectors of the church, matters were not finally ad- justed till the year 1409, when a composition was made b Some remains of bishop Cobham's work may still be traced in the blank space behind the east end of the present law school, a partition being made to reduce the room to a rectangular form. See also our view of the south side of the old congregation-house in the account of St. Mary's parish. The windows on the north side are more modern; being repaired at the same time with those of Adam de Brom's chapel. c In the mean time Richard de Bury, otherwise Angervyle, bishop of Durham, who died in 1345, very opportunely left all his books, 'more than all the bishops in England had then in their custody,' according to Wood, to the end that the students of Durham college and of the whole university might, under certain conditions, make use of them. This was called Angervyle's library;' and the books were kept in chests for many years, under the custody of several scholars deputed for that purpose; until a library being built in Durham college temp. Hen. IV,' as Wood states, when the college was quadrangularly finished, about the same time with Rede's library at Merton, the said books were there deposited in chains in certain pews or studies. There they remained till the dissolution of that house, and for some years after; when king Edward's visitors, in their hasty and ill-directed zeal against superstition, issued injunctions BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 3 between the contending parties, and several persons of the highest rank interested themselves in giving effect to bishop Cobham's bequest, setting up pews and furniture, glass windows, &c.; king Henry IV. and his four sons, with several bishops, being mentioned among the contri- butors. To add greater solemnity and security to these transactions and bequests, a chaplain or keeper was ap- pointed with a regular salary; who, among other things, was to celebrate certain masses at St. Catharine's altar, which was near the old staircase leading from the east side of the tower to the said library, now the law school. This library, however, did not continue to be used as such beyond the year 1480; when duke Humphrey's being finished, the books were removed into that splen- did receptacle, which afterwards served as the principal groundwork of sir Thomas Bodley's structure. DUKE HUMPHREY'S LIBRARY. The history of this building, with that of the SCHOOLS adjoining, has been very clearly and accurately stated in Wood's second di- vision of his great work, in which he treats of the local antiquities of the universityd. The origin of it was this. When the monastic orders had established them- selves in Oxford, having schools and libraries of their for their removal; and though some are said to have found their way into duke Humphrey's library, and others into the library of Balliol college, yet these and all other libraries in Oxford were subject to the same inquisitorial havoc and spoliation. By a decree of con- vocation, Jan. 25, 1555–6, certain persons were appointed to sell the very benches and desks of duke Humphrey's library; so that it remained empty till Bodley's time. The value of these repositories of ancient lore may be estimated by some incidental notes taken of their contents by Leland, and preserved in his Collectanea. C d See the whole of the second book of his History and Antiqui- ties;' to which very valuable additions have been made by the late Mr. Gutch, and continued to the year 1796. B 2 4 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. own, they induced many secular clerks and scholars to perform their theological exercises, as well as to attend the usual lectures, within the limits of their respective houses, or in buildings belonging to them. At length the university, finding considerable inconvenience to arise from such practices, resolved to erect a separate and dis- tinct school for Divinity on a large scale, worthy of the transcendent importance of that faculty, and in a central situation near the other schools in School-street, for the accommodation of all. For this purpose the present site, then a void space of ground, was obtained of the master and scholars of Balliol college, in 1427; and the university having, after many applications, received con- tributions from various persons, especially from Hum- phrey duke of Glocester, whose liberality was so con- siderable that he is stiled the FOUNDER of the said school,' they not only accomplished this work, but pro- ceeded to build another story over it for a LIBRARY. This was about the year 1445, as appears from a com- plimentary letter to the duke written in that year from the university; in which the title of FOUNDER is again offered to him for this part of the building: and not with- out reason; for he not only supplied them with moneys. during the progress of the work, but at his death, in 1447, he left them 100%. with many choice and valuable manuscripts. The completion of the work, neverthe- less, must be referred to a much later period: in conse- quence of the interruptions which it experienced from various causes. It was at length finished, in 1480, in a much more elaborate and splendid manner than was e Wood ap. Gutch, book II. p. 776; and Lib. Bedellorum Oxon. MS. in Mense Febr. there quoted. f See Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry, II. 45, et seqq. BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 5 6 at first contemplated; particularly in the buttresses, the apparatus turricularum,' the water-table, the cornices, &c. of the exterior of the Divinity school; and the bold pendents, niches, arms, and imagery of the sculptured roof of the interiors. The upper story of this building, which constitutes the division of the work called duke Humphrey's library, though much plainer, is executed in an elegant, substantial, and appropriate style: with which sir Thomas Bodley's work at the east end has been made to harmonize, both above and below, in a better manner than might have been expected, and in a style much preferable to the opposite end, finished after his death, between the years 1634 and 1640. The latter g There were many contributors after duke Humphrey's death. Among others, the executors of his uncle, cardinal Beaufort, and archbishop Morton; with the two Kemps, uncle and nephew; whose arms are carved in various parts of the roof. See Wood's Annals ap. Gutch, II. II. 776, et seqq. To do justice to this edifice in detail, or rather to attempt it, a distinct volume would be required. Such a volume may perhaps be expected, if duly encouraged, from Mr. W. Caveler, architect; who has undertaken to continue the splendid and scientific work of the late Mr. Pugin. We shall probably have occa- sion to return to the subject again when we speak of the SCHOOLS generally, and of the THEATRE; to which latter building an approach was made by sir Christopher Wren, for the sake of public processions, by constructing a doorway under one of the windows of the divinity school. Though the difference of the workmanship is very striking on a close inspection, yet it is rather creditable to the skill of sir Christopher, that no architect or historian has hitherto noticed the fact. The commencement of sir Thomas Bodley's work may be easily traced at the termination of the last buttress at the north-east angle ; where probably the first stone was laid. The additions to the but- tresses on the south side, constructed by sir Christopher Wren, for the support of the old work, called duke Humphrey's library, may be seen in our vignette at the end, though partly concealed by ivy. The buttresses on the north side, being firmer, are fortunately left in their original state; though these, by mistake, have been sometimes ascribed to sir Christopher. Vid. Oxoniana; vol. III. 12º. B 3 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. is generally called the Selden part of the library, from the very valuable collection of books deposited there by the executors of the celebrated John Selden; though many other collections also occupy that portion of the structure h THBODLY EQA BIBLIOTH OXON F TERNITAS WARIN DATOR QJEWITT DELYSC R MEDAL OF SIR THOMAS BODLEY. SIR THOMAS BODLEY.-This illustrious benefactor to the university and to the whole literary world, de- scended from the ancient family of the Bodleighs of Dunscomb, near Crediton, was born at Exeter, March 2, 1544-5. His father, John Bodley, of the same city, about twelve years afterwards, removed with his family h Under this part is the present convocation-house, with its apo- dyterium, in which the chancellor's court is held. This structure was begun in 1634, and finished in 1640. The interior presents one of the many examples of fanwork tracery in groined ceiling, which abound in Oxford; but are rarely to be seen elsewhere of so late a construction. We have already noticed them at Christ Church, St. John's, &c. The opposite end had been designed and commenced in the lifetime of sir Thomas Bodley. The first stone was laid in one of the north angles, July 16, 1610, and it was finished soon after the founder's death, in 1613. The vaulted walk,' or proscholium of the divinity school, was executed by J. Acroide and the Bentleys who came from York with Holt. The groining of the roof is formed on the model of the broad archway at Merton; except the arms of Bodley and other ornaments of sculpture at the intersections. BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 7 to Geneva, to avoid the persecution of queen Mary's reign but on the accession of the protestant Elizabeth in 1558 he returned to England, and settled in London. Young Bodley had not been idle during his short stay at Geneva. He frequented public lectures; and heard Chevalerius on the Hebrew tongue, Beroaldus on the Greek, Calvin and Beza on Divinity. He had the ad- vantage also of domestic instructors in the house of Philibertus Saracenus, a learned physician, where he boarded; and here Robert Constantine, the celebrated author of the Greek Lexicon, read HOMER to him. Here probably he laid the foundation of that future edifice of literary fame, and imbibed that love of books, which afterwards distinguished him among collectors as a se- cond Philobiblos. At the age of fourteen or fifteen he was admitted at Magdalene college, where Dr. Hum- phrey, afterwards president, was his tutor. He became bachelor of arts in 1563, and master in 1566. In the mean time he was elected fellow of Merton college, where he continued several years to read a public lecture in the hall on the study of Grecian literature, which had been much neglected in the university. In 1569 he served the office of junior proctori; John Bereblock, then fellow of Exeter college, being his colleague: whose view of duke Humphrey's library, presented to queen Elizabeth by Neele, we have given in our first page. From 1576 to 1580 sir Thomas employed himself in travelling through France, Germany, and Italy; and, though he then returned to college, yet he was after- i Sir Thomas supplied the place of university orator for a consi- derable time after; probably for Arthur Atye, who was fellow of the same college, afterwards knighted by king James I. being then secretary to the earl of Leicester, principal of St. Alban's hall, &c. 8 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. $ 6 wards employed by queen Elizabeth in various important services both at home and abroad till the year 1597: about which time, having arrived at the age of 53, he resolved to take his full farewell of state employments, and set up his staff at the library door in Oxford; being thoroughly persuaded,' as he tells us himself, that he could not busy himself to better purpose, than by re- ducing that place, which then in every part lay ruined and waste, to the public use of students. He accord- ingly in the same year commenced his great undertaking; and set himself a task,' says his friend Camden, which would have suited the character of a crowned head.' The letters of sir Thomas on this subject, and the minute par- ticulars of his progress in the work, though very inter- esting, are too well known to need repetition here. During the remainder of his life, though daily watching and providing for the permanent prosperity of his enter- prise, he resided chiefly in retirement at Parsons' Green, Fulham but he died at his house in London, Jan. 28, 1612-13, in the 68th year of his age; having sur- vived his wife a little more than a year and a half. As soon as the death of this Ptolomy of the age,' as he is styled by Wood, was announced to the university, pre- 6 < being at that time the Her father was a Mr. j See Wood's Annals by Gutch, P. II. k She was married to sir Thomas in 1585; rich widow of a person of the name of Ball. Carew, of Bristol, without doubt related to the Carews of Devonshire. The name of Ball also occurs among the Worthies of Devon.' The following epitaph on this lady, composed by sir Thomas Bodley him- self, is preserved in Stow's Survey of London, fol. 1633, p. 416, from her monument against the north wall of the chancel of St. Bartholo- mew's church; and is well worthy of being reprinted here: CONJUGI THOMAS BODLEIUS, EQUES AURATUS, FECIT ANNE PHISSIMÆ, ATQUE OMNIBUS EXEMPLIS BENE DE SE MERITÆ; CUM QUA DULCITER VIXIT ANNOS XXIV.' נינח F.Mackenzie. THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. Published Jen1836, byJ H. Parker, Oxford, C.Tilt, Fleet St London, & J.Le Keux, Harmondsworth. J. Le Kouz BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 9 parations were made for the removal of the body from his house in St. Bartholomew's, in order to its interment in Merton college chapel; which he had himself desired in his will. The particulars of the solemnity, which the university endeavoured to render in every respect worthy of so distinguished a benefactor, are minutely detailed by Wood in his historical works ¹. Sir Thomas Bodley, though he did not live to see the completion of any very great portion of that vast plat- form of building, which he had projected in conjunction with sir Henry Savile and sir John Bennet, had yet the satisfaction of seeing his whole design in a fair way to be fulfilled and even so early as 1602 more than 2000 choice volumes had been deposited in the library and re- m 1 Annals, vol. II. p. 313; ed. Gutch; Latin copy, p. 320. from Reg. Actorum Coll. Merton, p. 244. See also Prince's Worthies of Devon. ed. 1810. 4º. Lond. p. 98. To which may be added, for more minute particulars respecting this illustrious benefactor :-Bodleio- mnema; seu carmina et orationes in obitum ejus. Oxon. 1613. 4º. His Life, written by himselfe. Oxford, 1647. 4º. Oratio funebris in obitum ejus; edit. à Gul. Batesio. Lond. 1681. (Select Lives by Dr. Bates, p. 416.) His Remains; called Reliquiæ Bodleianæ; con- taining his Life, the First Draught of the Statutes of the Publick Library, and a Collection of Letters to Dr. James, &c. 8°. Lond. 1703. Published by Hearne. From these sources most of his bio- graphers have derived their materials. There is a portrait, a bust, and a silver medal of sir Thomas Bodley; with portraits of some of the librarians and benefactors; of which a minute account is given by Mr. Gutch. The medal is here engraved, p. 6, from the Freke cabinet. m The confidence which he felt in the prospect is expressed in the following terms: The project is cast; and whether I live or dye, it shall be, God willing, put in full execution.' Life, &c. p. 15. His anxiety for the proper execution of the work is evident from his let- ters to Dr. James; in one of which he says, I had rather cast it down, than that it should stand with any palpable faults.' Letter CXCI. Remains, p. 311. 10 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. duced into a catalogue ". On the eighth of November in that year there was a solemn procession from St. Mary's church to the library, for the purpose of opening it, and dedicating it to the use of the university; and that day n This catalogue, comprising the manuscripts as well as printed books, was compiled by the first keeper of the library, Thomas James, M. A. fellow of New College, who was appointed by sir Thomas Bodley himself. It was printed at Oxford in 1605, in quarto. A se- cond edition with an appendix was also published by James in 1620. 4º. A third catalogue, containing only the printed books, was published in 1674 by Dr. Thomas Hyde, then principal librarian; and another of the manuscripts was printed in 1697. In the year 1738 it was found necessary to print a full catalogue in two thick volumes folio. So much have the contents of the library been increased since, that a considerable number of separate catalogues have been printed at dif- ferent times from the year 1788 to 1834 inclusive. Some time must still elapse before the completion of the new catalogue of the whole, which is in the press, and which is to be in three volumes folio. In the mean time, an account of those which have already appeared may be found useful. Catalogus Codd. MSS. Orientalium Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ a J. Uri. 1788. fol. Partis secundæ volumen primum, ab Alexandro Nicoll, A. M. 1821. fol. Partis secundæ volumen secundum, Arabicos com- plectens, edidit E. B. Pusey, S. T. B. 1835. folio. Catalogus Codicum MSS. et Impressorum cum Notis MSS. olim D'Orvillianorum, qui in Bibliotheca Bodleiana adservantur. 1806. 4º. Catalogus MSS. E. D. Clarke. Pars prior. Inseruntur Scholia in- edita in Platonem et in Carmina Gregorii Nazianzeni. 1812. 4º. Pars posterior, MSS. Orient. complectens. Ed. Alex. Nicoll, A. M. 1815. 4º. Catalogue of Books bequeathed to the Bodleian Library by R. Gough, esq. 1814. quarto. Catalogus MSS. Borealium, præcipue Islandica Originis, qui nunc in Bibl. Bodl. adservantur. Auctore Finno Magno Islando. 1832. 4º. Catalogus Dissertationum Academicarum quibus nuper aucta est Bibliotheca Bodleiana. fol. 1834. Catalogue of early English Poetry, and other miscellaneous Works, illustrating the British Drama, collected by Edmond Malone, esq., and now preserved in the Bodleian Library. fol. 1836. Catalogues of the books added to the Bodleian Library in cach of the respective years from 1825 to 1834 inclusive are also printed in folio, and continued annually. BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 11 being afterwards appointed for the annual visitation of the library, Dr. John Morris, canon of Christ Church, and regius professor of Hebrew, left 57. per annum to be bestowed on a student of that house for an oration in praise of sir Thomas Bodley, to be delivered on the occa- sion. In the 2nd of king James I. a charter of mortmain being obtained for the endowment, sir Thomas, who had been lately honoured with knighthood by that monarch, is there styled and declared to be the worthy FOUNDER thereof. In that capacity he left statutes for the regula- tion of the library, which are still extant in his own handwriting: to which the University has superadded and substituted others, according to the change of times and circumstances; in compliance with the wishes of the founder himself, expressed in his letters. BENEFACTORS have since increased so rapidly, and the contributions in printed books and manuscripts have been multiplied to such an extent, that it would require a vo- lume to designate the donors and the particulars of their respective benefactions. They are specified with tolera- ble fulness and accuracy, and in chronological order, in Wood's account of the library; which has been continued by Mr. Gutch, assisted by the late librarian, Mr. Price, to the year 1796. The first great accession to sir Thomas Bodley's collection was that of William earl of Pembroke, chancellor of the university, in 1629; who for about 7007. purchased several hundreds of valuable Greek manu- scripts from Francis Baroccio º, a Venetian gentleman. These were followed in 1633 by nearly the same number o Baroccio, whom some call Barocci, was one of the best Greek scholars of his time. In lord Bute's library is a curious MS. entitled 'Leonis Sapientissimi &c. Vaticinia; à Fr. Baroccio mendis expur- gata &c.—with a Latin translation. Vid. MSS. Bodl. Barocc. 170. 12 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. } of volumes, most of them neatly bound, given by sir Kenelm Digby; whose arms are impressed on the covers. These were procured chiefly, as were those of the earl of Pembroke, through the influence and advice of archbishop Laud. The next great benefactor was archbishop Laud himself, the worthy successor of the earl of Pembroke in the chancellorship; who at dif- ferent times sent to the university 1300 manuscript volumes of inestimable value in various languages, par- ticularly of the oriental class. These three collections were arranged, with suitable inscriptions, on the right and left hand of the entrance from the old fabric into the new. For more than twenty-four years no other volumes occupied this space, with the exception of some few which before belonged to the library; till at length the noble collection of the learned Selden, amounting to 8000 volumes, or more, deposited here by his execu- tors, filled the remaining part of the wing. Among a host of other benefactors the names of Junius, Mar- shall, Hyde, Nathaniel lord Crewe, Tanner, Rawlinson, Crynes, Godwyn, &c. may be selected from those of the two preceding centuries. Our national literature has been since enriched by the donation from lord Sunderlin of the late Mr. Malone's collection of early plays, and other specimens of ancient English poetry. In the de- partment also of topography and antiquities, the library of the celebrated Richard Gough, esq. must be considered as an invaluable addition: and very recently the univer- sity has been favoured in an especial manner by a be- quest, which has excited more than usual interest; namely, the whole collection of coins, medals, prints and drawings, with manuscripts and printed books of extreme rarity, the accumulated stores of many years of patient BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 13 research, belonging to the late Mr. Douce. For the re- ception of this collection a separate and distinct part of these extensive buildings belonging to the university has been judiciously appropriated, and a catalogue of the valuable contents may be expected in due course. WADELAMOTTE VEL MYSEVM THE DOUCE MUSEUM. O JEWITT SC In the mean time the university has not been neglect- ful of such means as appeared reasonable for increasing the funds of the library; which from the immense sums expended on the buildings were necessarily of a limited description. Since the year 1780, by making a small addition to the fees paid at the matriculation of every member, except servitors, and also by an annual contri- bution from all those who have taken their first degree, a regular supply of several hundred pounds per annum has been created for the purchase of books, &c. In the year 1789, a subscription was commenced for procuring from the Pinelli and Crevenna sales such of the more o This fund was established at the suggestion of sir William Scott, the present lord Stowell, and at first it produced only about 4001. 14 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. rare and early editions of the classical authors, as were wanting in the university library. Very liberal sums were consequently advanced, some in donations, others in the shape of loans without interest, both from individuals and whole societies P. These payments and contributions have enabled the uni- versity from time to time to make very considerable addi- tions to the treasures of the library. About thirty years since was purchased the valuable collection of manuscripts and printed books, enriched with manuscript notes, be- longing to J. P. D'Orville. In 1809, the Greek and Latin manuscripts of the celebrated traveller E. D. Clarke, among which is that of the works of Plato which he procured from the isle of Patmos, were added to the stores of the library: and in 1818 a very valuable accession of ma- nuscripts, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, and Latin, collected previously by the Abbati Canonici at Venice. In 1824 very large purchases were made at the sale of M. Meer- man's library at the Hague; the regius professor of Greek having attended the sale for that special purpose. In 1829 the celebrated Rabbinical collection of the Op- penheim family, a collection in high repute even in the days of J. Christopher Wolfius, and considerably enlarged since that time, was purchased at Hamburgh. In 1834 a very large sum was expended in the purchase of such books as the library required from the extensive collec- tion of the late Richard Heber, esq. In the same year also a collection of academical dissertations, in number exceeding fifty thousand, the production of the most learned men of foreign universities for the last two cen- P An account of the sums subscribed, and of the persons subscrib- ing, will be found in the additions to Wood's Annals and Antiquities by Mr. Gutch, book II. pp. 949, 950. BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 15 turies, was purchased at Altona. An annual statement of the books purchased and of the money expended on account of the library, as also of all donations, is printed according to statute in the month of November, and a copy sent to be deposited in every college library. From the statements thus made may be learned the continued, and, we may say, almost daily increase of this extensive establishment. Though a distinct notice of the many portraits in the library may seem properly to belong to the general account of the picture gallery, yet the original portrait of Bodley by Cornelius Jansen deserves to be mentioned here. It was first engraved by Burghers; and has been used as a frontispiece to the catalogue of manuscripts, and to that of printed books; surrounded with the heads of the four great bene- factors who succeeded him: William earl of Pembroke, archbishop Laud, sir Kenelm Digby, and John Selden, esq. It has been more recently engraved in a superior style by Scriven, for the Illustrious personages of Great Britain by Lodge.' A curious little plate was engraved also by Burghers, and used among other embellishments in the catalogues, representing the good Duke Humphrey in a kneeling posture with his surcoat of arms, &c.; from a painted window in the old church of Greenwich. Among the more distinguished librarians it will not be invidious to name Dr. Thomas Barlow, some time fellow, afterwards provost of Queen's, and bishop of Lincoln, himself a benefactor to the library; Dr. Thomas Hyde, of the same college, and afterwards regius pro- fessor of Hebrew; Dr. John Hudson, first of Queen's, then fellow of University college, and afterwards principal of St. Mary Hall; for whose labours the university and the world at large are under per- petual obligations. It should also be recorded here, as less known, that the Catalogue of 1738 had been chiefly prepared by Joseph Bowles, M. A. fellow of Oriel, and librarian from 1719 to 1729. He was of the same family with the amiable 'bard of Bremhill;' being a native of Shaftesbury, where he died and was buried. He published a Collection of Epitaphs, now become scarce. There is a portrait of him, given by Thomas Wright of London, the painter of it. Of the other learned persons who have filled this office, and of the por- traits of some of them, our limits preclude us from giving any account. But many particulars may be seen in the Additions to Wood's Aunals by Mr. Gutch, vol. II. P. II. pp. 951-3. 16 BODLEIAN LIBRARY. It is surely unnecessary,' observes Dr. Bliss, to re- peat the praises of such a man as sir Thomas Bodley, a man whose name will only perish with that of his coun- try. The obligations which literature owes to the exer- tions of this individual can only be estimated by those, who have opportunity as well as occasion to consult the treasures he bequeathed to the place of his education: and it is with a mingled sensation of gratitude and pride, that the editor of these ATHENAE acknowledges the as- sistance he receives from the BODLEIAN LIBRARY, an institution which he boldly asserts to be the most useful as well as the most magnificent in the universe.' (ATHENE OXONIENSES; vol. II. 127-8. New edition, 4º. London, 1815.) WA.DELAMOTTE DFI THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY FROM EXETER COLLEGE GARDEN. FMackenzie. FRONT OF THE SCHOOLS. Published Dec 11836, by J.H.Parker, Oxford C.Tilt Fleet St London &JLe Keux, Hammondsworth. J.Le Keur. MEMORIALS OF OXFORD. WW.A DELAASTE DEL 0.JEWITT SC THE GREAT GATE OF THE SCHOOLS; 1619. THE SCHOOLS. THE details connected with the subject of the PUBLIC SCHOOLS will necessarily include a brief review of the Academical History of Oxford. There is reason to believe, that from a period beyond all record there existed in the very centre of this city a spot more immediately dedicated to the purposes of gene- 47 B 2 THE SCHOOLS. 6 ral study and education. Even the good king Alfred has been generally considered rather as the restorer than the founder of the University. The statistical descrip- tion of the town, its walls, its mural mansions, its' do- mus hospitatæ,' &c. in the Domesday Survey, suffi- ciently proves its long-established importance; whilst the indirect manner in which some of its most venerable churches are there incidentally noticed, with the landed property of the canons of St. Frideswide, which never belonged to any HUNDRED,' affords additional testi- mony to its antiquity and independence. The ravages of the Danes, previous to this period, will satisfactorily account for the loss of all earlier records; but the his- tory of the place, whether academical or municipal, as- sumes and occupies a prominent station from this epoch. No sooner had it recovered its municipal rights and ener- gies, after the temporary hostilities of Danish and Nor- man conquerors, than we find its academical character returning. Within ten years after the conquest, the col- legiate church of St. George in the castle of Oxford, the a Wood has left us a most elaborate detail of the principal SCHOOLS, arranged in alphabetical order. They were for the most part standing in School-street, and were used as Schools beyond all the record that he had seen; and, as he was fully persuaded, before the time that they were known by the names which occur in ancient deeds; though he has traced the greater part of them to the 12th and 13th centuries. This part of his work occupies eighty-four pages in the quarto edition of Mr. Gutch; Oxford, 1796. b A. D. 1075. Chron. T. Wikes, p. 22. Ed. Gale, fol. Oxon. 1687. A manuscript in Corpus library, quoted by Dugdale in the Monasti- con, gives the date a year earlier, and attributes the foundation jointly to D'Oiley and his sworn companion in arms, Roger D'Iveri. In another place the church is said to have been built by Osmund, bishop of Sarum. See Wood ap. Peshall, p. 209. Osmund was consecrated in 1078, and died in 1099. See Tanner's Not. Mon. p. 418. THE SCHOOLS. 3 C tower of which still remains, was founded by Robert D'Oiley; who settled therein secular canons of the order of St. Augustine: being such, observes Wood, as were 'most fit for an university, and not bound to keep their cloister, as regulars are.' Here they continued till their translation to Oseney abbey in 1149, at which time,' adds the same diligent antiquary, this their said habi- tation became a nursery for secular students, subject to the chancellor's jurisdiction.' Brumman le Riche en- dowed this same church of St. George, at its first founda- tion, with land in Walton manor, in the northern sub- urbs of Oxford; whence probably arose the tradition that the ancient university was on that side of the town: the Benedictines also having about this time a consider- able establishment for the instruction of their novices, where now stands Worcester college. Here, according to Twyne and Wood, was a Campus Martius, divided into several portions, according to scholastic degrees;' and at the end of non ultra walk a piece of ground called ROME, having been a little hill, sometime contain- ing a cave underneath, with a meander therein, and at the top thereof a cross built of stone.' But of these clas- sical and Christian symbols combined, and of the wind- mill afterwards erected in the room of them, no trace or memory now remains. This academical retreat was ap- propriately terminated at each end by the wells of Plato and Aristotle d. 6 The college of St. George, before mentioned, continued c See our account of that college, with the history of the parishes of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Giles. d These learned appellations appear to have been substituted for 'Brumman's Well' and Cornish Chough Well.' B 2 4 THE SCHOOLS. in the patronage of Oseney abbey till its dissolution; being governed by statutes similar in some respects to those of more recent colleges, and consisting of a warden, fellows, and scholars. The warden was always to be chosen from the canons of Oseney: the fellows and scho- lars were sworn to perform divine service, and in all things to be faithful to the wardens in succession so long as they lived in the college; to be kind, loving, peace- able, modest, chaste, and holy; and if any of them were preferred to a living, or died in the college, they should leave something, &c. There were five secular priests; and the scholars were in number twelve, for the most part WELSH. We have stated these particulars, because they con- tain some of the elements of that collegiate system which afterwards became general in the university. 6 The most ancient SCHOOLS Wood divides into secular and claustral; that is, those which belonged to inde- pendent halls or colleges, and others which were sup- ported by the monastic bodies. In both there was a constant succession of masters, doctors, or professors in each faculty, who publicly taught, or acted as modera- tors, subject to the chancellor of the university, who was called at a very early period the Rector of the Schools.' Notwithstanding the prevalence of the religious orders, particularly the Augustinians and Benedictines, the clau- stral schools were never so much frequented as the secu- lar. These latter in process of time became so nume- rous, as to give name to that ancient street so frequently mentioned, leading from the west end of St. Mary's church to the north wall of the city. They were originally at- tached to the celebrated halls there situated, being the THE SCHOOLS. 5 largest rooms in them; but sometimes in Lent the num- ber of determining bachelors was so great, that the schools were not capable of containing them. In such cases they performed their exercises in or over the larger shops of the citizens, and even in places remote from the concourse of scholars. This inconvenience probably led to the perversion of the use of St. Mary's church for the purposes of scholastic acts; an abuse which at length gradually produced the erection of a Divinity School, a Convocation House, and a Theatre; public buildings admirably adapted for all the ordinary or extraordinary business of the University. OLD SCHOOLS, BUILT IN 1439; FROM NELE'S VIEWS. All the ancient Schools seem to have been distinct rooms, in which grammar, logic, rhetoric, sophistry, &c. were taught. The Schools of ARTS were first reduced into one large pile of building about the year 1439. But the Divinity School, which is the great consummation of e So called because the exercises performed by them in Lent term, subsequent to their bachelor's degree, relieved them from the neces- sity of keeping terms regularly, as before, within the walls of a col- lege or hall. A dispensation is now granted every year for the omis- sion of these exercises, and an annual list of the names of the deter- mining bachelors is printed. B 3 6 THE SCHOOLS. the whole plan, and which still exists as an unrivalled specimen of ancient splendour, was not finished till the year 1480. • Some of the first Schools on record after the Norman conquest were those belonging to Oseney abbey. They appear to have been large and separate apartments over the shops of the citizens, and rented at a sum equal to one half of the house-rent. Thus Wodecocke Schools,' so called from the time of king John to that of Richard the Second, are repeatedly registered in the rent-rolls of that monastery as being over a shop or residence of a family of that name. They were in St. Mary's parish, opposite to the place where All Souls' college now stands. Torald Schools' also, situated at the upper end of School-street on the east side, were given to Oseney abbey by a person of that name about 46 Hen. III, and belonged, even before they came to the Thoralds, to one master Richard Bacun, a member of the university; who, as Wood thinks it probable, read or taught in them. They con- sisted of a large tenement, part of which was fitted up for Schools, and the other part as a hall for students. These and other Schools hereabout, amounting to four- teen, as appears from rent-rolls of 1377-1385, becom- ing ruinous, were taken down and rebuilt by Thomas Hokenorton, abbot of Oseney, on one uniform plan. This new fabric, which was finished, as we have inti- mated above, in 1439, is described as a long pile of stone building, consisting of two stories, and divided into ten Schools f; five below, and five above; the names of which f A correct idea of this building may be formed from one of Nele's views, which we have thought sufficiently curious to be repeated in page 5. It exactly corresponds with the description here given. THE SCHOOLS. 17 are preserved in a rent roll of the following year, and differ very little from those still seen over the doors of the present Schools 5. The following appears to have been the order of study in those times, if we may judge from the arrangement of the Schools:-Grammar, Rhe- toric, Logic, Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, Astronomy, Moral Philosophy, Natural Philosophy, Metaphysics. We are not to conclude, that either before or after the erection of these Schools all the rest fell into disuse or decay. On the contrary, more than twenty others seem to have flourished about the same time¹: and these were generally so full, that in Lent, as we before observed, many were forced to determine in the houses of tradesmen; or else in private chambers of halls, and in inner rooms or recesses far distant from the access of scholars. Hence originated a disreputable class, called 'Chamberdekyns :' for the Masters in every faculty and science, in times the most ancient, were accustomed to read lectures in their own chambers, wheresoever they were i. But this prac- tice in succeeding ages being discountenanced, when the number of public Schools increased, and a taste for logical disputations became prevalent, it was ordered in the 'Assemblie House,' about the year 1408, that it should not be lawful for any to determine their Acts any where except within some of the two and thirty Schools in g The difference consists chiefly of some additions; as, for Lan- guages, Jurisprudence, &c. h For a particular account of each we must refer to the pages of Wood. V. Annals by Gutch, B. II. 710-794. i Thus in the Chronicle of T. Wikes, p. 118, we read, that in the year 1289, after the termination of the disputes between the univer- sity and the bishop of Lincoln, the Masters began to resume their stations, et inceperunt solenniter legere in cameris suis.' B 4 8 THE SCHOOLS. School-street; and subsequently, about the year 1439, the Masters were ordered to read in School-street, or in some noted religious place; that is, in some secular or claustral School. After this decree, the Inceptors in the faculty of Arts, who were also by statute bound to read there, were compelled to supplicate, that it might be lawful for them the year following, when they were regents, to read their Ordinary Lectures'extra vicum Scholarum.' Dispensations to that effect are frequently recorded in the old registers. The reason of such decrees was, partly, because that street and others adjoining were furnished with more halls and houses of learning than any in the university; but principally, perhaps, because the situation was central, and contiguous to St. Mary's church; where, in the old Congregation house, or in some of the chapels belonging to that ancient fabric, the university held all their solemn meetings; and from the north door of which the Masters usually went in procession, accompanied by their auditors, to the public Schools allotted to them respectively, for the delivery of their Ordinary Lectures. Similar formalities were ob- served on other occasions; and almost to our own times the determining bachelors in Lent, after Latin prayers in the choir or chancel of St. Mary's, were accustomed to proceed in their proper habits to the several Schools into which they were distributed by the Collectors: but, since the introduction of a new system of instruction and examination, all these solemnities and formalities, with the whole train of scholastic exercises and disputations- vesperial and comitial, terminal and quadragesimal, as well as Austins, Quodlibets, and Juraments, have van- k See our account of St. Mary's church. FMackenzie PROSCHOLIUM TO THE DIVINITY SCHOOL. Published Dec 11836 by J. H Parker, Oxford, CTlt. Fleet St London & Le Keux, Harmondswath JL Keux THE SCHOOLS. 9 ished away, and have become mere matters of academical history ¹. 1. The departure from the old system, however, may be traced to an earlier period than the present or even the preceding century. Soon after the restoration of Charles II. a taste for polite literature and science hav- ing succeeded to the polemical animosities which had distracted the nation more or less from the time of the Reformation, fomented by men who 'turned religion into rebellion, and faith into faction,' the authorities of the university felt the necessity of promoting the cultivation of studies more in accordance with the national taste. With this view a statute was framed in June, 1662, and published in December following; by which all bache- lors of Arts were required to recite from memory two DECLAMATIONS of their own composition, in the School of Natural Philosophy, in the presence of one of the proctors, pro-proctors, or masters of the Schools, before they commenced Inceptors in Arts". The ultimate, if not the immediate effect of this statute was, to throw into the shade the former system of logical and philosophical 1 The whole of Titulus VIII. concerning Ordinary Disputations, occupying five pages in the quarto edition of the Corpus Statutorum, printed in 1768, was abrogated in 1819 by a brief statute of four lines. m It is remarkable, that something of this kind was attempted about the year 1540; when quadragesimal exercises for bachelors were taken away, and declamations appointed in their stead. See Wood's Annals by Gutch, B. II. p. 762. There was no novelty of proceeding, therefore, in the substitution of two LECTURES, 'binas lectiones,' for such exercises, in the case of determining bachelors, by the statute of 1808. These exercises had been pertinaciously restored at the commencement of queen Mary's reign. Vid. Pat. 1 Mar. p. 2. New statutes were compiled in the reign of queen Elizabeth; Arthur Yeldard, president of Trinity college, being named the first of the delegates appointed for that purpose in 1576. 10 THE SCHOOLS. DISPUTATIONS on trivial subjects, to train young men intended for public stations to the practice of public speaking, and to produce the taste and the talent for correct, copious, manly, and original composition, formed after the models of classical antiquity". This system, gradually working its way through all the impediments of inveterate prejudice, and producing several generations of illustrious statesmen, divines, heroes, and philosophers, has at length finally triumphed over the other. nineteenth century commenced with an entire change in the mode of conducting the public examinations; and, though a variety of minor alterations have at different times been introduced since, it is from the statute of May 21, 1800, that we must date the complete reforma- tion of the scholastic part of the academical code º. The n It is worthy of notice, that in the preamble to this statute the university acknowledges the importance of the LITERA HUMANI- ORES;' and regrets, that no sufficient provision had been previously made, by means of the public exercises, for the encouragement of polite literature and eloquence:- cum rei literariæ intersit, ut, qui ad gradus Academicos promoventur, specimina profectus sui in iis quas profitentur Artibus publice præbeant, et non minus in HUMANI- ORIBUS LITERIS quam DISPUTATIONIBUS philosophicis versatos se comprobent: quandoquidem alteri harum, nimirum POLITIORI LITE- RATURÆ dicendique studiis, per publica Exercitia nondum satis pro- spectum videatur; placuit Academiæ'-&c. Public Declamations in the halls of colleges still form an important part of the academical system of instruction. • See Addenda to the Corpus Statutorum, Tit. IX. Sect. II. p. 115-125, 157-167, 198-9, 213-236, 261-276. Large demands are sometimes made upon our patience and forbearance by superficial persons, who magnify the Laudian code, and Caroline statutes, as they are called in common parlance: but perhaps, in the language of the great moralist and philosopher, we may rest satisfied, that the wisest remedy for such pompous fatuity is a contemptuous silence. What Land suggested, or Charles the First sanctioned, related chiefly to the subordinate discipline and government of the university; but, THE SCHOOLS. 11 THE NEW SCHOOLS.-The schools built by abbot Hokenorton being inadequate to the increasing wants of the university, they applied to the abbot of Reading for stone to rebuild them; and in the year 1532 it appears that considerable sums of money were expended on them but they went to decay in the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII. and during the whole reign of Edward VI. The change of religion having occasioned a suspension of the usual exercises and scholastic acts in the university, in the year 1540 only two of these schools were used by Determiners, and within two years after none at all. The whole area, between these schools. and the Divinity school, was subsequently converted into a garden and a pig-market; and the Schools themselves, being completely abandoned by the masters and scholars, were used by glovers and laundresses. 'There where Minerva sate as regent for several ages, exclaims Wood,' was nothing remaining all the reign of K. Edward VI. but wretched solitariness-and no- thing but a dead silence appeared.' At length the uni- versity, in 1554, obtained from the dean and canons of Christ Church, who had succeeded to this Oseney pro- perty, a grant of the site of these schools with a garden behind, on the east side of them, on condition of releas- ing them for ever from the payment of two yearly pen- sions, amounting together to the sum of 21. 13s. 4d. as has been observed, the Corpus Statutorum itself 'introduced little or no change in the mechanism of academical instruction. Even in the worst of times, according to the writer of the preface to that com- pilation-inter incerta vacillans statuta, viguit academia, colebantur studia, enituit disciplina; et optanda temporum felicitate, tabularum defectus resarcivit innatus candor; et quicquid legibus deerat, mori- bus suppletum est.' 12 THE SCHOOLS. After this, in 1557-8, more than 2007. were expended on the said schools and on the Divinity school, under the direction of Dr. Thomas Rainholds, then commissary of the university, who also himself contributed liberally to the repairs. But sir Thomas Bodley having in a better age, and with a nobler design, begun the eastern part of the Public Library, the addition of three more sides to that, to form one grand quadrangular pile, was a proposition admirably suited to his great conceptions; and in 1611-12, just before his death, with the coopera- tion of sir John Bennett and others, the whole plan of the present fabric was matured, and a standing delegacy appointed to carry the work into execution. Sir Thomas was buried in Merton chapel March 29, 1613; and on the day following the first stone of the new building was laid by sir John Bennett in the north-west end, where the Moral Philosophy and Civil Law schools were afterwards constructed. During the six years occupied in completing this massive structure, the contributions of numerous benefactors amounted to about 4,5007., in addition to the moneys left by sir Thomas Bodley. The architect of these schools was Thomas Holt of York, who died Sept. 9, 1624, and was buried in the churchyard of Holywell. The inscription on his tomb is printed by Peshall from Wood's manuscripts. In the register of burials in St. Mary's parish, occurs in the year 1631, as printed by Peshall, Mr. J. Acroid, chief builder of the schools, Sept. 11.' This, however, is evidently a mistake for 1613. He is often mentioned by sir Tho- mas Bodley in his letters to Dr. James, his first librarian. The Bentleys appear to have survived him. In the re- gister of burials of St. Peter's in the East, occurs,-1615, 8 Dec. J. Bentley, one of the chief masons that built the THE SCHOOLS. 13 Schools, and Merton college New Buildings;' and a little below,- 1618, 29 Jan. Mic. Bentley, unus e lapicidis qui ædificârunt Publ. Scholas.' From these dates it ap- pears, that there were three builders in succession, who undertook the work, and all three died before its com- pletion; but the architect survived. 233 мали по www www www QVOD FELIO VORTAT ACADEMICIONIENS BIBLIOTHECAM HANC VOBIR REIPVBLICAEQVE LITERATORVM BP W.A.UELAMOTTE UEL. O.JEWITT SC. PART OF THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE SCHOOL COURT. In this fabric we see not much of that special come- liness of workmanship,' which Bodley seems to have anticipated, and which is attempted in the panel-work of the western side P; for, if we except the display of the P See his letter to the Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Singleton, dated from London, Nov. 5, 1611. His will was-upon a foresight he had that in process of time there would be great want of conveyance and stow- age for books, because of the endless multitude of those that were there already that if the intended present plot for building the new 14 THE SCHOOLS. five orders in the interior view of the tower, and a few other embellishments, there is very little ornament to relieve the monotony of the edifice. This effect has been increased by the removal of the transoms, which ori- ginally divided the windows into a greater number of compartments, as may be seen in Loggan's view. To resist the perpendicular pressure of this heavy mass, the architect adopted the counterarching expedient: of which the earliest examples will be found over the windows on the west side of Magdalene college, under the library; and in a singular instance in the old vestry at Trinity college, over a large square window of three lights, in- troduced into the eastern wall apparently after Anger- vyle's library' was built. ( The following appointment of the several Schools, for each faculty and science, is recorded in one of the univer- sity registers, and also notified by inscriptions over the doors in letters of gold :-On the south side, Medicine and Anatomy, since taken into the Public Library; with the School of Natural Philosophy under it: contiguous to the Medicine and Anatomy School, on the same story, was that for Hebrew, afterwards Music and Rhetoric; sometime used as a drying-room for the Press, and now an additional room to the Library; under which is the present Music School. The north side contained the Schools should proceed in such sort as the same that was then devised by public consent, then over the tops of those two stories, which were resolved to be the height of the Schools, there should be contrived another third room, (in case it might be performed with good conve- nience, and with the university's approbation,) to go in compass round over the Schools; and so to meet at each end in two lobbies or pas- sages, framed with some special comeliness of workmanship, to make a fair entrance into the north and south corners of his late new enlarge- ment eastward,' &c. Wood's Annals ap. Gutch, B. II. p. 789. THE SCHOOLS. 15 School of Civil Law, or Jurisprudence, now a part of the Library; with that of Moral Philosophy under it, since appropriated to the reception of the Arundel marbles, &c.: the Greek School, afterwards used for languages generally, contiguous to the Law School; with Gram- mar and History underneath, now converted into an Examination School. The east side contained Geometry and Arithmetic in one, with Metaphysics underneath, now added to the Examination School. On the other side of the tower was the School of Astronomy; with that of Logic, or Dialectics, underneath; in which last is deposited the Pomfret collection of statues, busts, &c. All these rooms were wainscoted from the beginning, as high as the windows, and furnished with a rostrum, or pulpit, for the professor, with benches for the auditors. The principal entrance is from Cat street, opposite the present Magdalene Hall, under a handsome groined arch- way; the folding oak doors of which are elaborately carved, and ornamented with the royal arms and devices, the arms of the university, and those of all the colleges then in existence; concluding with the arms of Wadham college, then recently founded: as seen in our engraving in the first page. Over this archway are four rooms, or stories: the first was intended as a mathematical library for the use of the Savilian professors; the second forms a handsome part of the picture gallery; the third is the archive room, containing the muniments and registers of the university, &c.; and the fourth, or uppermost, was intended to serve as an observatory for the use of the astronomical professors. The figures and emblems cut in stone, in the upper part of the tower, were at first, with great cost and splendour, double-gilt; but when king James came from Woodstock to see this quadran- 16 THE SCHOOLS. gular pile, he commanded them to be whitened over; because they were so dazzling, or, as Wood expresses it, 'so glorious and splendid,' that none, especially when the sun shone, could behold them. Over the arch of entrance, and also in the upper story of the tower, front- ing the area, are the royal arms, with supporters, &c. Over the northern archway are the arms of the uni- versity, ensigned with a round cap, and supported by two angels. Over the southern archway, which leads to the Radcliffe square, is the family escutcheon of William earl of Pembroke, with a brief inscription in letters of gold; denoting, that he was then chamberlain of the king's household, and chancellor of the university. This archway, as well as the rest, has a groined vaulting of stone, with escutcheons at the intersection of the ribs. www. سا AMAN O.JEWITT SL. ARCHWAY FACING THE RADCLIFFE SQUARE. WADEI AMUTIE DEL FMackenzie THE DIVINITY SCHOOL. Pribhshed Jan 11887 by JH Parker: Oxford Ct Fleet St London.&JLe Keux, Harmondsworth. J. Le Keux THE SCHOOLS. 17 PENDANTS IN THE DIVINITY SCHOOL. Among the Schools appropriated to particular facul- ties, as might naturally be expected, there were many in different places for the profession of divinity. The first teachers of that important branch of academical instruc- tion read to their pupils and auditors, as was custom- ary in other departments in early times, in their own chambers. But much inconvenience having arisen from this practice, they were compelled by the authorities of the university to transfer their lectures to more public places; such as the old church of St. Mildred, the chapels adjoining to St. Mary's, or the religious houses. Among the latter we find the priory of the Augustinians the most celebrated; in whose chapter-house, where Wad- ham college now stands, secular as well as regular stu- dents performed their exercises in theology, paying to the prior certain fees for the use of it. The vespers and other exercises, anciently performed in the mansions of the Dominican and Franciscan friars, were after great struggles transferred to St. Mary's church about the latter end of the reign of Edward the First; and a composi- 48 C 18 THE SCHOOLS. tion to that effect between the university and the preach- ing friars, under their common seals, was confirmed by letters patent of 7 Edw. II. The theological lectures of the Carmelites and Benedictines, in the northern suburbs, were never much frequented, in consequence of their dis- tance from School street and the chief places of con- course. One of the last of the secular schools, before the present school of Divinity was begun, is that already mentioned in page 5; which, from the rent being some- times entered in the name of the chancellor, we may conclude to have been publicly used for theological exer- cises and disputations a. At length, in the year 1426 or 1427, the university having obtained from the master and scholars of Balliol college a void piece of ground, in exchange for Sparrow hall, which was more convenient to that society, they commenced the foundation of the present splendid edi- fice. The site is described as within the walls of the town of Oxford, between Exeter college on the west, School street on the east, Exeter lane running under the said walls on the north, and the tenements of the con- vent of Dorchester and of the college of Balliol on the south b. In this great work the university was liberally assisted by the Benedictines; who contributed 1007. on condition, that all persons of their order, whether gra- duates or scholars, should have the free use of the This is the a De Schola Theologica super seldam,' &c. 9 Ric. II. same School which occurs so early as 8 Ed. I. (1280) for which a rent of sixteen shillings was paid by the chancellor Scolæ supra seldas Wodecocke per cancellarium Oxon' xvj sol.' V. Wood ap. Gutch, Ann. B. II. p. 759, 774. b These tenements comprehended Dorchester schools and the old schools of Balliol college; the site of which is now included in the gardens of Exeter college. THE SCHOOLS. 19 said School for ever. Many other contributions soon followed; as from archbishop Chichele; William Gray, dean of St. Paul's; the deans and chapters of Salis- bury, Wells, Exeter, and Lincoln: but one of the prin- cipal benefactors was the good duke Humphrey of Glo- cester; who, in consequence of an application to him from the university in 1445, not only assisted them boun- tifully in their first object of erecting a Divinity School, but also adopted and promoted their suggestion of build- ing a Public Library over it, which remains to this day; being the same which was afterwards enlarged by sir Thomas Bodley d. Hence duke Humphrey has been generally considered as the FOUNDER of the whole structure; though Thomas Kemp, bishop of London, who in 1478 generously gave 1000 marks to enable the university to complete the work, has been sometimes. complimented with a similar title. The uncle of this same prelate, John Kemp, archbishop of York, and a cardinal, had previously given 500 marks; and, with Edmund duke of Somerset and marquis of Dorchester, as executor to cardinal Beaufort, had consented to the disposal of 5000 marks more towards the same object from the effects of the said cardinal, at the instance of C c Vid. Acta Capitularia,' &c. ap. Wilkins, Concil. III. 466, et seqq. from a manuscript at Durham, and Wood ap. Gutch, Ann. B. II. p. 775. d See our account of the Bodleian library. e As in the following letter to him from the university: Tu igitur unus, cum huic structuræ extremam manum imposueris, totius nimi- rum ædificii author videberis,' &c.; a very common case in the his- tory of architectural designs, which have occupied some time in build- ing. The arms and badges also of both uncle and nephew are very conspicuous on the vaulted ceiling: viz. three wheatsheaves; some- times alone, and sometimes impaled with the see of Canterbury. 1 C 2 20 THE SCHOOLS. Gilbert Kymer f, then chancellor of the university; who with Elias Holcot, warden of Merton college, was ac- tively engaged in superintending the progress of the undertaking. Among other causes, which retarded the completion of this magnificent fabric, it appears, that the workmen, who were the same that were employed at Eton and Windsor under the directions of William of Waynflete, as overseer of the works there, had been called away under a mandate from the king; but were afterwards restored in consequence of a petition from the university. Then the work went speedily forward; and Waynflete lent the very scaffolds which were used in building his college, to expedite the labours of the workmen. D JEWITT EC EASTERN DOOR OF THE DIVINITY SCHOOL. The unexampled splendour of this edifice, when its broad and elaborate windows were filled with glass of f He was physician to Humphrey duke of Glocester, but had consi- derable preferment in the church. A curious work of his, compiled for the use of his great patron and friend, has been printed among other miscellaneous articles in Hearne's Liber Niger Scaccarii. g One William Church was supervisor or surveyor of the works in 1453, whose roll of accounts is mentioned by Wood as being in the treasury of University College. Ann. II. 777. THE SCHOOLS. 21 every colour, representing the Saints and Fathers of the church, with the armorial ensigns of nearly a hundred benefactors, can now be scarcely imagined b. Many sculptured embellishments are still visible in good pre- servation on the vaulted roofi; and the heraldic inquirer will be interested in the account of them, and of the arms formerly in the windows, in the second book of Wood's Annals. In that work a melancholy picture is given of the state of this building in the pious reign of Edward VI. From neglect of the necessary repairs it first suffered in its roof and gutters of lead. Part of the fur- niture was then taken away by mechanics; the win- dows were broken; and the lead belonging to them, with any thing else that could be easily pilfered, quite taken away. Nettles, bushes, and brambles, grew about the walls; and a pound for cattle was erected close to it. An attempt was made in queen Mary's reign, about the year 1557, to repair the injuries received; but in the following century we find the same system of neglect or misapplication. In 1625, in consequence of the plague raging in London, the house of commons assembled here i, and the lords sat in the north end of the School or Pic- ture Gallery j. The privy council met at Christ Church. h The great west window of St. Mary's church was also filled ori- ginally with painted glass; representing in groupes of figures an epitome of the history of the university. i See the two pendants, p. 17. The whole was repaired, as well as the library above, under the superintendence of sir Christopher Wren. i A former parliament having acquired the title of insanum, this was called parliamentum vanum. See Wood's Annals. J j For a minute account of the present valuable contents of this gallery, as well as of the Pomfret collection of statues, Arundel mar- bles, &c. we must refer to the new edition of the Oxford Guide, printed in 1834; as well as to the second book of Wood's History by Gutch, Oxford, 1796. We have given a view of the Pomfret School. C 3 22 THE SCHOOLS. At the commencement of the civil wars most of the Schools were used as storehouses for corn and pro- visions, and the upper room of the tower was filled with muskets. But nothing is more to be regretted than the incongruous load of oak carpentry placed at the west end of the Divinity School in the year 1669. The chief persons concerned in this arrangement were Dean Fell, who was then vice-chancellor, and sir Christopher Wren, who superintended the practical part of the work. For this purpose, according to Wood, they removed the professor's chair, which stood in the middle on the south side, a fair piece of polished work erected on pillars of stone curiously wrought, with a canopy of carved wood, supported by pillars of the same, and reaching almost to the roof.' The opponent's seat was under this chair, or pulpit, on the stonework of which were the arms of cardinal Morton, archbishop of Canterbury, who probably was the chief contributor to this part of the interior. The respondent's seat was opposite to this, on the north side; built like the former of polished stone entirely from the floor, and half en- compassed with a stone seat for the auditors. It should be remarked, however, that before this time all the an- cient seats, which stood there with desks before them, from one end to the other, had been taken away; and the area being thus made clear, an opening was made, and an arch constructed with folding-doors under one of the windows on the north side, opposite to the great door of the THEATRE; for the purpose of making so- lemn processions into that noble building on public occa- sions through the Divinity School. Without disturbing the usual practice of the university in this respect, which is admirably contrived for effect, the interior of this room FMackenzie THE THEATRE Published Feb-11837 by H.Parker, Oxford C Tilt Fleet St London & JLe Kox Harmondsworth JLe Keux THE SCHOOLS. 23 might in these days of improvement be restored to some- thing of its former magnificence. The THEATRE.-The first stone of this truly classical edifice was laid in 1664; having archbishop Sheldon for its founder, and sir Christopher Wren as its architect. The whole was finished in five years, at an expense of nearly 15,000l.; to which this munificent prelate added 2000l. to be employed in the purchase of estates for its permanent support and repair. Dr. Wills also, the very liberal warden of Wadham college, left 1000l. more for that purpose. It is capable of containing 3000 persons, or more; its dimensions in the interior being 80 feet by 70. The original roof being supposed to be danger- ous, a new one was substituted in 1802; the effect of which on the outside is very different from that pro- duced by the former; as may be seen by comparing it with Loggan's view. The interior was repaired, cleaned, and restored, in the year 1826; so that it is now seen in all its original beauty k. PUBLIC LECTURES.-Our review of the academical and scholastic history of the university obviously sug- gests the propriety of a brief account of the successive foundations of lectures and professorships. Of the laureated lectures' of king Alfred's days, as they are styled by Wood, little can be expected to be said, as little can be known with any certainty; thoughs a Divinity lecture is asserted to have been read by St. Neot; and St. Grymbald, who succeeded him, is re- k See an account of the portraits and other embellishments of the interior in the Oxford Guide of 1834. A description of the curious emblematic ceiling, with a plate engraved by Burghers, explanatory of the geometrical design and construction of the roof, may be seen in Plot's Oxfordshire, ch. IX. p. 154. C 4 24 THE SCHOOLS. < ported to have read the same in the presence of Alfred and his nobles. Grammar and Rhetoric are the depart- ments assigned by antiquaries to Asser of St. David's; who himself mentions the SCHOOL of king Alfred in his biography of that monarch. Twyne reports, that Logic, Music, and Arithmetic, were taught by John, a monk of St. David's; but if he interpreted the Logic of Aristotle and AVERROES in Oxford, as it is stated, there must be some anachronism, or mistake of the name¹; for Averroes flourished in the latter part of the 12th century. Geo- metry and Astronomy were taught by another monk of the same name and monastery, according to some; others suppose him to be the same with the former; whilst by Leland he is called Joannes monachus ex Saxonia transmarina oriundus; that is, a native of Old Saxony;' probably to distinguish him from others of that name. One of the most eminent Lecturers in Di- vinity after the Norman conquest was Robert Pulleyne, who came from the city of Exeter to Oxford in the latter part of the reign of Henry I. He for five years daily taught in the SCHOOLS, and on preached God's word to the PEOPLE. to hear his doctrine, profiting thereby so exceedingly, that in a short space the university proceeded in their old method of exercises, which were the age before very seldom or rarely performed m' According to this old method,' there were two classes or kinds of Lectures. The most important were called 'Cathedrales' or 'Statæ;' every Lord's day Multitudes came ( 1 Great confusion arises, not only from the number of persons of the same name, but also from the variety of appellations used to dis- tinguish the same person; as Joannes, Scotus, Erigena, Patricius Monachus, &c. m V. Wood's Annals ap. Gutch, B. I. p. 142; and the authorities quoted in the margin. F Mackenzie. QUADRANGLE OF THE SCHOOLS. Publuded Jr10837, by LIL Parlour Oxford Tilt Flat St London.Le Kan, Tarmondsworth J.Le Keux THE SCHOOLS. 25 6 that is, such as were delivered from a professor's chair, 'ex cathedra,' and at stated times: the others were called Ordinariæ;' that is, such as were enjoined to be delivered by every inceptor in each faculty for two years. In the former department the names of Roger Hoveden, in the reign of Henry II; John Blound, or Blount, in that of Henry III; John Wycleve, or Wic- cliffe, about the latter end of Edward III; Thomas Walden; and others of the reign of Henry V. are par- ticularly recorded. When the inceptors became very numerous, TEN were at length selected by the proctors, in behalf of the rest, to superintend the ordinary lectures, with reference to the SEVEN liberal and THREE philoso- phical arts and sciences; and to these ten was paid a stipend collected from those who were excused from reading. In process of time endowments were bestowed on the university for the promotion of particular branches of literature and science; but the collections still con- tinued for unendowed lectures, such as Grammar, Rhe- toric, Logic, and Metaphysics. Hence the term Culets.' C At first a common chest was provided, as in the reign of Henry VI, wherein money, books, utensils, and all things necessary for the lectures were deposited. Soon afterwards king Edward IV. founded a THEO- LOGICAL LECTURE; but what became of it does not appear; though it probably led to the endowment of the lady Margaret professorship, so called from Margaret countess of Richmond, mother to king Henry VII.° n This accounts for the TEN SCHOOLS into which abbot Hokenor- ton's building in 1439, mentioned before, was divided. 9 Her epitaph in Westminster abbey was written by ERASMUS; for which he received a reward of TWENTY SHILLINGS. See a full ac- count of this excellent foundress, and of her benefactions to both uni- 26 THE SCHOOLS. Cardinal Wolsey followed; who, with those enlarged views which he always entertained, gradually instituted lectures in Divinity, Law, Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Greek, Rhetoric, and Humanity P: but, incurring a pre- munire before they were confirmed by certain forms and circumstances of law, he fell from his high estate, and all his projected endowments fell with him. His royal master, nevertheless, not only adopted the cardinal's col- lege as his own, but condescended in his bounty to provide what was then deemed sufficient allowance for four of those seven lectures which Wolsey intended to have set- tled; substituting also a fifth for Hebrew. To be im- partial to both universities, he did the same for Cam- bridge. The whole sum annually settled amounted only to 4007. The Greek professor at Oxford is still limited to his 407. per annum; the other four regius professor- ships received additional endowments in the reign of James the First 9. Another regius professorship was versities, in Wood's Second Book, p. 825; and in a scarce tract published by way of preface to her funeral sermon, reprinted in 1708. The editor was Thomas Baker of St. John's college, Cambridge ; whose collection of MSS. to illustrate the history and antiquities of that university amounts to 39 volumes in folio, and 3 in quarto. He rivalled the labours of Wood and Hearne in collecting and transcrib- ing, but he does not appear to have published much. p Four of these were regularly delivered, in the years 1521 and 1522, in the refectory of Corpus Christi college. A tower begun at the east end of the hall at Christ Church, where now the lobby and staircase stand, was intended to contain lecture rooms either for these public lectures, or for the private lectures of his new college. See other interesting particulars in Wood's Second Book, p. 834. et seqq. q It is not generally known, that the express design of the act of 1 Edward VI. c. XIV, for dissolving chantries collegiate, &c., was to convert them to good and godly uses; as in erecting of grammar schools-the further augmenting of the universities-and better pro- vision for the poor and needy,' &c. See 'Statutes at large.' THE SCHOOLS. 27 founded by George I, in 1724, and confirmed by George II, in 1728; the object of which is explained in the ab- stract which we have subjoined in a note below ". Of the two Lectures in PHYSIC founded here by the celebrated Lynacre, which proved to be only temporary, we have already given a slight accounts. The next in order were those two noble lectures, or professorships, for GEOMETRY and ASTRONOMY, established and en- dowed for ever by sir Henry Savile, knight, sometime C r We insert the following abstract of this endowment for the infor- mation of those who may not hitherto have sufficiently considered the nature of it; particularly as it seems to coincide in some respects with the object which sir Robert Taylor had in view in his late muni- ficent bequest for 'erecting a proper edifice and establishing a founda- tion for the teaching and improving the European languages,' &c. :- The universities-designed for a perpetual supply and succession. of persons qualified for services of state as well as of the church, for embassies, &c., with sufficient knowledge of modern languages to speak and write them correctly and intelligibly, that the youth of the nation may not too soon be sent abroad or consigned to foreign teachers. The professor to be a master of arts, bachelor of law, or any higher degree, and of good reputation. The crown to appoint 20 students to attend the professor and to be instructed gratis, by such foreign teachers as the professor shall provide, of whom there are to be at the least two. The professor once at least in every term to read a public lecture on the method of studying Modern History, to the 20 scholars and others statutably expected to attend such lectures in the schools. The 20 scholars to attend the professor to and from the schools. The professor for neglect of duty liable to such mulcts as the other pro- fessors; his stipend 4007. per annum, to be paid half yearly. The professor and foreign teachers to make a report once every year to the king's secretary of state of the proficiency of the 20 scholars, that the negligent may be removed, and appointments found in the way of REWARD for the diligent and attentive. The professors, &c. so to make their appointments as in no manner to interfere with the other uni- versity exercises.' $ See our Memorials of the Botanic garden, and Wood's Annals, II. 862, 3. 1 28 THE SCHOOLS. warden of Merton college, and afterward provost of Eton. The statutes which regulate them were given by himself Aug. 10, 1619, and confirmed in convocation on the 16th of the same month. This truly great and learned man read lectures in Geometry for some time in his own person, first in the Divinity School, and then in the proper School of Geometry. These were published in Oxford in 1621. In 1618 sir William Sedley of Aylesford in Kent, knt. and bart., bequeathed by will 2000l. to purchase lands for the endowment of a lec- ture in NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, which took effect in 1622; such lands of the annual value of 1207. being bought at Waddesdon in Buckinghamshire. Sir William had been educated at Hart hall. About the same time Thomas White, D. D., first of Magdalene hall, but after- wards prebendary of St. Paul's, canon of Christ Church and of Windsor, and treasurer of Salisbury, gave the manor of Langdon Hills in Essex, by deed enrolled June 20, 1621, for an annual stipend of 100%. to a reader in MORAL PHILOSOPHY; to be changed at the termination of every quinquennium, unless some urgent reason should induce the electors, who are the vice-chancellor and the dean of Christ Church for the time being, with the presidents of Magdalene and St. John's, and the two t A similar rule was adopted afterwards by the founder of the Poetry Lecture; by Dr. Rawlinson, more strictly, in his foundation of the Anglo-Saxon Professorship; and by Mr. Drummond, in his Professorship of Political Economy. It is reported to be common in the university of Salamanca; for which Wood quotes Possevinus de Cultura Ingeniorum, c. 27.' Dr. White gives the reason; which is, in order to produce a greater number of persons, qui huic muneri suf- fecturi, ac pares futuri sint.' Vid. Appendix Statutorum, p. 39, 4to. Oxon. 1768. THE SCHOOLS. 29 proctors, to continue the same reader for ten years but in no case beyond. In the following year the celebrated Camden gave the manor of Bexley in Kent to the university upon trust, to maintain for ever one reader, who was to be called "THE READER OF HISTORIES.' This is now generally styled the 'Camden professorship of ancient history,' to distinguish it from that of modern history. The estate was valued at 400l. per annum; but, being let on a renewable lease for 99 years, the professor was to receive therefrom an annual stipend of 1407. The endowment of a Lecture in ANATOMY was first proposed by Richard Tomlins, esq., of Westminster, in the year 1623, with a yearly stipend of 25l., but this was increased in 1638 by a donation of about 5007. more from the founder of the lecture; with which sum seve- ral parcels of land were purchased at Bicester for the better security and augmentation of the stipend ". Dr. William Heather, of the royal chapel of Charles I. who accumulated his degrees in music here, May 17, 1622, by deed bearing date a short time before his death, in 1627, gave a rent-charge or annuity of 167. 6s. 8d., secured on lands in Chiselhurst, Kent, to advance the theory and practice of music by the appointment of a master and lecturer, or professor; the master to be nominated by the vice-chancellor for the time being, the dean of Christ Church, the warden of New College, and the presidents of Magdalene and St. John's; these four colleges having choirs. In the year 1780 the music school was fitted up by Mr. Wyatt, at a considerable u A readership in Anatomy was also founded by Dr. Matthew Lee, of Christ Church, about the year 1750; now held by the worthy Re- gius Professor of Medicine. 30 THE SCHOOLS. expense, under the superintendence of Dr. Philip Hayes, who was then professor. In 1636, archbishop Laud established an Arabic pro- fessorship; Edward Pococke, the celebrated traveller, being the first reader appointed; to whom he gave an annual salary of 407. Four years afterwards he endowed the said lecture with lands in the parish of Bray, in Berkshire. The professor is elected by the presidents of Magdalene and St. John's, with the wardens of Merton, New College, and All Souls'. Another, called 'The lord almoner's reader in Arabic,' is appointed by the lord almoner for the time being, and the stipend paid from the almonry fund. Of the BOTANICAL PROFESSORSHIP, founded about this time, we have already given an ample account in our memorials of the Physic Garden. The professorship of POETRY was founded by Henry Birkhead, D. C. L., a barrister of the Inner Temple, sometime of Trinity college, and afterwards fellow of All Souls': the professor to be elected by the members of convocation for five years; but at the expiration of that period he may be reelected for five years more. The first professor was Joseph Trapp, M. A., fellow of Wadham college, and D. D. by diploma, elected in 1708. He has been succeeded by some of the most eminent names in the university. From that time to the present a host of benefactors have arisen, who seem to have vied with each other in bestowing on the university such proofs of their attach- ment and generosity as might conduce to the extension and variety of the studies to be pursued here; reviving its original character of a 'Generale Studium,' and afford- ing every opportunity of improvement from public and THE SCHOOLS. 31 private lectures, professorial and tutorial. Lest an ex- clusive attention to classical literature and science should lead to the neglect of our own national antiquities, Dr. Rawlinson of St. John's college, about the middle of the last century founded and endowed an Anglo-Saxon professorship. Charles Viner, esq., in 1755, left 12,000l. with the laudable view of promoting the study of the common law of England, by establishing not only a pro- fessorship in that department, but also so many fellow- ships and scholarships as the produce of his legacy may be deemed capable of supporting. By the will of the earl of Lichfield, chancellor of the university, who died in 1772, a fund was created for the delivery of clinical lectures at the Radcliffe Infirmary, for the instruction of the students in medicine. In 1803, Dr. George Aldrich, a physician of the county of Nottingham, founded three professorships; one in Anatomy, another in the practice of Medicine, and a third in Chemistry. During the regency of George IV. the readers in Experimental Phi- losophy, in Mineralogy, and Geology, were honoured with three separate grants from the crown; in 1810, 1813, and 1818. In 1825, Henry Drummond, esq., of Albury Park, Surrey, formerly of Christ Church, en- dowed a professorship of Political Economy, with a yearly rent-charge on his estate of 1007. John Boden, esq., a colonel in the East India Company's service, be- queathed the whole of his property to the university, to found a professorship of the Sanscrit language; the re- gulations of which, according to a prepared scheme, were confirmed by a decree of chancery in 1830. The munificent bequest of sir Robert Taylor, to which we have already alluded, being only recently received by the university, since the death of his son Michael Angelo 32 THE SCHOOLS. Taylor, Esq., the regulations concerning this important foundation are not yet formally settled. One thing is remarkable: the testator has liberally empowered the university to promote the end he had in view in such manner as shall from time to time be approved of by them in convocation assembled.' In addition to these encouragements, university scho- larships have been founded in almost every department; some even by very excellent persons now living: for the minute particulars of which, as well as the regula- tions concerning them, we must refer to the Oxford calendars which are annually printed. To the same au- thority we must also refer for an account of the officers of the university, and all other matters, which from the very nature of this work, and the limits prescribed to it, are unavoidably omitted, or briefly stated. 22 } THE POMFRET GALLERY. AUGUDH