B 438774

ackw.
PRESENTED TO
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
By the Commissioun & Agneellen
1881
}
༤ནས
With the Compliments of
Wm. G. Le Duc,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT
UPON
FORESTRY,
PREPARED,
C
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE, IN
PURSUANCE OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED AUGUST 15, 1876,

BY
FRANKLIN B. HOUGH.
VOLUME II
GENERAL
LIBRARY
University
ICHIGAN
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1880.
1
MESSAGE
FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
IN RESPONSE TO
a Resolution of the House of Representatives, transmitting a Report from the
Commissioner of Agriculture on the subject of Forestry.
FEBRUARY 5, 1880.-Referred to the Committee on Agriculture, and ordered to be
printed.
To the House of Representatives:
In reply to a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 3d in-
stant, requesting the Commissioner of Agriculture "to forward any facts
or statistics in his office on the subject of Forestry not heretofore published
from his department," the accompanying report received from the Com-
missioner for this purpose is herewith transmitted.
EXECUTIVE MANSION,
R. B. HAYES.
February 5, 1880.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Washington, February 4, 1880.
SIR: In response to resolution of the House of Representatives of the
3d instant, requesting me to forward any facts or statistics in my office
on the subject of Forestry not heretofore published from this Depart-
ment, I have the honor to transmit herewith a report upon that subject
by Dr. Franklin B. Hough, of Lowville, N. Y.
Very respectfully,
The PRESIDENT.
WM. G. LE DUC,
Commissioner of Agriculture.
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(Act of June 3, 1878).
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT
TIMBER CULTURE ACTS OF 1878.
Regulations and Rulings under Timber Culture Act
Entries under Timber Culture Act during the year ending June 30, 1879,
with a comparison of the entries in the two preceding years, and the
total of the whole period
Timber on the Public Lands: General Statement.
Memorial of the Legislative Assembly of Wyoming
Use of Wood and Timber in unsurveyed parts of the Territories (Act of
April 30, 1878).
Use of Timber by New Railroad Companies (Act of March 3, 1878)
Rules and Regulations prescribed under the above act
Page.
1
2
Q4
789
Privileges granted to the citizens of Colorado, Nevada, and the Territories:
ದದ ನನ
12
13
13
Timber Lands on the Pacific Coast (Act of June 3, 1878, for the sale of Lands
in the States of California, Oregon, and Nevada and in Washington
Territory)-
14
Action of the Department of the Interior with reference to Timber Depre-
dations
16
RECENT STATE AND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION, HAVING REFERENCE TO FOR-
ESTRY:
General Statement
20
Results and Opinions upon the Subject of Tree Planting under State Boun-
ties in Iowa...
21
27
Alabama: Act to prevent the wrongful cutting, boxing, or girdling of Pine
Trees
California Scale for the measurement of Logs, established by Legislative
enactment (1878)..
Act for improvement of Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Big Tree Grove.
Connecticut: Act concerning the planting of Trees (1877)
Dakota Territory: Exemption of Planted Timber Lands from Taxation
(Code of 1877).
29
29
& 222
28
29
Planting of Trees along the Highways (b.)
Rights of floating Timber and Lumber (ib.)
Florida: Act to regulate the burning of Woods and Forests in the State...
Iowa: Amendment of the Code, so far as it allowed further exemptions by
Supervisors (1878).
30
30
Maine Constitutional amendment of 1875, and its effect in reference to ex-
emptions.
31
Pennsylvania: Act to encourage the Planting of Trees along the Road-
Nevada Act to amend an act entitled "Au Act to encourage the Growth of
Forest Trees" (1877)
31
Sides
31
Rhode Island: Act concerning the planting of Trees, and the Taxes thereon.
Texas: Act for the better protection of Timber and Lumber.
32
32
II. As to Railroads....
Right of Eminent Domain in respect to Timber taken for Macadam and
Plank Roads, Railroads, Causeways, and Bridges
I. As to Macadami and Plank Road Corporations.
III. As to Causeways and Bridges..
·
Washington Territory: Act to encourage the planting and growing of Tim-
ber in the Counties of Stevens and Whitman (1877)
Wyoming Act to encourage the Growth of Timber and Fruit Trees (1877) -
33
33
33
33
33
34
V
VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES:
Alabama: The Forests of Alabama, and their Products...
Exportation of Lumber from Mobile in recent years.
List of Forest Trees and Shrubs found in Alabaina by Mr. Charles Mohr...
California: Lumber Statistics of San Francisco:
(a.) Receipts of Lumber in 1877; Kinds and Quantities, or Values ....
(b.) Lumber Exports by Sea in 1876 and 1877 to various foreign coun-
tries...
Connecticut: Remarks on the relative value of timber grown, and upon the
improvement of qualities by cultivation, etc..
Chestnut-planting in Connecticut..
Note on the Sowing of Chestnut in Autumn or Spring.
Florida: Exportation of Pitch Pine from Pensacola in 1877-'78, by Foreign
Ports and Countries...
Illinois: Lumber trade of Chicago.
1. Receipts and Shipments of Lumber annually since 1847
2. Receipts and Shipments of Shingles annually since 1852
3. Receipts and shipments by Railroads, &c., in 1875, 1876, and 1877, of..
(a.) Lumber
(b.) Shingles..
4. Statement of the Sources of Supply of Lumber and Shingles received
by Lake during the Years 1875, 1876, and 1877
Iowa: Premiums by the Iowa State Horticultural Society for Tree-planting
in 1878..
The Honey Locust as a Hedge-plant..
Forest Tree Planting in Northwestern Iowa
-
On the Distribution of Forest Trees in Southwestern Iowa, by Prof. T.
E. Todd....
43
43
Page.
34
35
39
44
46
47
47
48
49
49
49
49
50
51
51
52
53
52
Forest Culture in the Ninth Horticultural District of Iowa..
On the Planting and Management of Evergreens in Iowa
Connection between the distribution of Rain and of Forests in Iowa...
Kansas Forest Growth in 1878....
57
57
Massachusetts: Tree-planting upon Cape Cod.
Minnesota: Obstacles to successful forest-culture in Minnesota.
Logs and Lumber scaled by the Surveyor-General in the Year 1877.
Number of Forest Trees planted and growing in 1877, as compared with
those in 1876.
Wisconsin: Acres of growing timber in 1878 by counties
65
MISCELLANEOUS STATEMENTS:
On the Rotation of Crops in nurseries.
Directions for the cultivation of the Willow
66
On the Aspect suited to certain trees.
67
38R 32 382**
59
59
61
62
63
64
65
The quality of wood as influenced by climate, and by the dryness or hu-
midity of the soil..
The "Ripening of the Wood”
Upon the Acclimatization and Naturalization of Exotic Trees.
833
67
67
68
1
On the Cultivation of the Oak.
On the Sowing of the Scotch Pine.
Multiplication of Conifers by Cuttings and Grafting
Artificial Vanilla from Pine Sap..
Success of the Sequoia in Europe.
On the cultivation of the Sumac in Sicily.
On the Riga Pine...
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS:
Outline of Classification...
I. General Statements and Comparisons:
General classification of subjects
70
The influence of Atmospheric Electricity upon Plants
72
73
Upon the cultivation of the Pine in Central France.
74
75
-
80
81
83
92
103
103
Collection Districts
103
Present Collection Districts of the United States.
104
Description of the present Collection Districts of the United States, in
their order of succession...
106
Obsolete names of Collection Districts..
111
2. Exportation of various classes of Forest Products from 1854-55 to
1878-'79 (values)………...
1. Comparison of value of Products of the Sea, of the Forest, and of Agri-
culture, from 1802-'03 to 1860-'61, with five-year averages.
112
113
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VII
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
I. General Statements and Comparisons:
3. General summary of exportation of Staves and Heading, Shingles,
Boards, Planks, and Scantling, and of Hewn Timber:
Page.
(a.) Approximate value of Lumber (Boards, Staves, Hewn Timber, &c.)
exported from 1802-'03 to 1821-22..
(b.) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scant-
lings, and of Ilown Timber, exported from 1821-22 to 1878-'79
(c.) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Planks, &c., and
of Hewn Timber, exported by Countries, from 1820-21 to 1853-54.
II. Exportation of Lumber, Boards, Plank and Scantling, &c.:
1. General Summary of Exportation of Boards, Plank and Scantling, etc.,
by years, from 1795-'96 to 1878-79:
(a.) By Quantities (M feet) and Years, from 1795-'96 to 1839-'40....
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1878-'79, with
computation of average price per thousand feet...
2. Exportation by foreign countries from 1820-21 to 1877-78:
(a.) By Quantities (M feet), annually, from 1820-21 to 1853–54-
(b.) By Quantities (M feet), and values, annually, from 1854-55 to
1866-'67, with general summaries.....
(c.) Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Planks and
Scantling, by Countries, from 1861-'68 to 1878-79, with general
Summaries
3. Exportation of "Boards, Plank and Scantling," and of "Boards, Clap-
boards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling, by Districts and by
Quantities and Values, from 1855-'56 to 1878-79:
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling, by Quantities and Values, annually,
from 1855-56 to 1864-'65..
113
114
114
126
126
127
135
143
.161-162
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling, by Quanti-
ties and Values...
. 151-162
4. Exportation of "Lumber not Otherwise Specified," from 1801-'02 to
1877-'78:
(a.) General Summary of Value, annually, from 1801-'02 to 1862-'63…..
(b.) "Other Lumber," by Foreign Countries: Values annually, from
1821-22 to 1853-'54.
162
163
(c.) "Other Lumber," by Foreign Countries: Values annually, from
1854-'55 to 1860–61.
168
(d.) "Other Lumber," by Foreign Countries (condensed headings): Val-
ues annually, 1861-'62 to 1863-64...
171
(e.) "Other Lumber," by Foreign Countries: Values annually, from
1864-'65 to 1878-'79
171
(6
(f.) Other Lumber," by Districts: Values annually, from 1855-'56 to
1878-79
173
III. Exportation of Laths and other Small Lumber :
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-sticks, Broom-Handles,
and Bed-Slats, by Foreign Countries: Quantities (thousands) and
values annually, from 1868-69 to 1878-79.
178
2. Exportation of Laths and Pickets, by Districts: Values annually, from
1863-64 to 1867-'68..
182
3. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-sticks, Broom-handles,
and Bed-slats, by Districts: Values annually, from 1868-69 to
1878-79...
183
IV. Exportation of shingles:
1. Exportation annually, from 1789-'90 to 1878-79:
(a.) By Quantities annually (M.) from 1789–90 to 1853–’54
185
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, with a computation of the
average value per M. for each year, 1854-'55 to 1878-79..
185
2. Exportation by Foreign Countries: Quantities, annually, from 1820–’21
to 1853-254
186
3. Exportation by Foreign Countries: Quantities (M) and Values, annually,
from 1854-'55 to 1867-'68..
194
4. Exportation by Foreign Countries: Quantities and Values, annually, from
1868-69 to 1878-79.
199
5. Exportation by Districts, annually, from 1855-56 to 1878-79: Quantities
(M) and values..
204
V. Timber; Ship Timber; Other Timber Products:
1. Timber: General Summary of Exportation, from 1801-'02 to 1878-79:
(a.) Exportation by Quantities (tons), annually, from 1801-'02 to
1853-54.
210
VIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
V. Timber; Ship Timber; Other Timber Products:
(b.) Exportation by Quantities (tons) and Values, annually, from 1854-'55
to 1867-'68
Paga
211
(c.) Exportation by Quantities (cubic feet) and Values, annually, from
1868-69 to 1878-79.
211
(d.) Exportation of Hewn Timber, by Foreign Countries: Quantities
(tons) annually, from 1820-221 to 1853-54.
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber, by Foreign Countries:
Quantities (tons) and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1867-68..
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber, by Foreign Countries:
Quantities (cubic feet) and Values, annually, from 1868-69 to
1878-79
(g.) Exportation of Timber by Districts: Quantities (tons or cubic feet,
as specified), and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1878-79..
2. Exportation of Masts, Spars, and Articles employed in Ship and Boat-
building, &c:
(a.) Articles, and Number, or Quantity, as specified, exported annually,
from 1789-'90 to 1794-'95..
210
215
220
224
227
(b.) Exportation of Masts and Spars: Values, annually, from 1801-'02
to 1878-79..
227
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Foreign Countries: Values, an-
nually, from 1820-21 to 1853-'54
228
(d.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Foreign Countries: Values an-
nually, from 1863-64 to 1867–68..
235
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, by
Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1868-69 to 1878-79..
(f.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Districts: Values, annually,
from 1863-'64 to 1867-'68...
236
240
:
(9.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, by
Districts; Values, annually, from 1868-69 to 1878-79..
(h.) Exportation of Boats and Oars, by Districts: Values, annually,
from 1863-64 to 1837-'68..
241
243
(i.) Exportation of Treenails, by Districts : Quantities (M) and Values
in 1863-64 and 1864–65
243
3. Other Timber and Wood Products:
(a.) Various Timber and Wood Products exported before 1803; Quanti-
ties or Number, as specified..
244
(b.) Exportation of "All other Timbers": Values, annually, from 1868–69
to 1878-79-.
244
(c.) Exportation of "All other Timber," by Foreign Countries: Values,
annually, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79
244
(d.) Exportation of "All other Timber," by Districts: Values, annually,
from 1868-69 to 1878-79..
247
VI. Staves, Heading, Shooks, and Coopers' Wares and Stock:
1. Staves and Heading: General Summary of Exportations:
(a.) By Quantities (M), annually, from 1789 to 1853-54..
249
2
(b.) By Quantities (M) and Values, annually (so far as both were re-
ported), from 1854-55 to 1878-79..
250
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries: Quan-
tities (M) annually, from 1820-21 to 1853-54...
250
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries: Quanti-
ties (M) and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1860-61
(e.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries [Con-
densed Headings]: Quantities (M) and Values, annually, from
1861-'62 to 1863-64....
257
262
(f.) Exportation of Staves and Headings, by Foreign Countries: Quan-
tities (M) and Values, annually, from 1864-'65 to 1867-'68...
(g.) Exportation of Staves and Headings, by Districts: Quantities (M)
and Values, annually, from 1855-56 to 1867-68...
262
264
2. Box Shooks: Exportation from 1863-64 to 1878–79:
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1863-'64 to 1866-267-
(b.) By Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1867-268 to 1878–79.
(c.) By Districts: Values, annually, from 1863-'64 to 1878-'79-
268
269
271
3. "Other Shooks, Staves, and Heading": Exportation from 1868-69 to
1878-79:
4.
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79-
(b.) By Districts: Values, annually, from 1868-69 to 1878-79...
Shooks not Otherwise Specified": Exportation by Districts: Quanti-
ties (Numbers and Values, annually, from 1863-'64 to 1864-'65 ………..
272
275
278
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
IX
Page.
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
VI. Staves, Heuding, Shooks, and Coopers' Wares and Stock:
5. Hoops and Hoop-Poles, &c. Exportation:
(a.) By Quantities (M) annually, from 1789-'90 to 1819-20.
(b.) Hoops exported in 1863-'64
278
278
(c.) Hoops and Hoop-Poles exported in 1865-'66 and 1866-'67
278
(d.) Barrel and Hogshead Shooks exported annually from 1863-'64 to
1867-68..
278
(e.) Hoops and Hoop-Poles exported, by Districts, in 1863-'64 to
1867-68: Quantities (M) and Values..
279
6. "Hop, Hoop, Telegraph, and other Poles" exported from 1868-'69 to
1878-79:
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79-
(b.) By Districts: Values, annually, from 1838-69 to 1878-'79-
7. Barrels and Hogsheads exported empty from 1863-64 to 1878-'79:
(a.) General total Number and Values annually..
(b.) By Foreign Countries: Number and Values annually
(c.) By Districts: Number and Values annually
VII. Fire-Wood:
1. Summary of Exportation at interrupted Periods from 1790-'91 to 1878-79:
(a.) From 1790-'91 to 1794-'95, by Cords..
279
281
284
284
288
293
(b.) From 1868-69 to 1878-79, total annual Quantities and Values, with
computation of the average value per Cord...
293
-
(c.) From 1868-69 to 1878-79, by Foreign Countries: Quantities
(Cords) and Values annually.
293
(d.) Exportation, by Districts: Quantities (Cords) and Values, from
1868-69 to 1878-79.
294
VIII. Wood Manufactures:
1. Manufactures of Wood, from 1789-'90 to 1794-'95 :
(a.) Specification of Kinds and Quantities, with total values of years..
(b.) Exportation of "Manufactures of Wood not Otherwise Specified":
Values, annually, from 1795-'96 to 1878-79
(c.) Exportation of "Manufactures of Wood not Otherwise Specified,"
by Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1867-'68 -
(d.) Exportation of "Manufactures of Wood not Otherwise Specified,"
by Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1868-69 to 1878–79.
(e.) Exportation of "Manufactures of Wood not Otherwise Specified,"
by Districts: Values, annually, from 1855-53 to 1878-79..
2. Window-Sash and Blinds. Exportation by Districts: Values in 1863–64
and 1864-'65 ..
295
296
296
300
304
308
3. Household Furniture exported from 1854-55 to 1878-79 :
(a.) Total Values exported from 1854-55 to 1877-'78
308
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countrics: Values, annually, from 1854-'55
to 1867-68
308
(c.) Exportation by Foreign Countries: Values, annually, from 1868-69
to 1878-79
314
(d.) Exportation by Districts: Values, annually, from 1855-'56 to 1878–79
4. Wooden Wares: Exportation from 1863-64 (so far as reported):
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Values in 1863-64 and 1834–35
(b.) Total value of Wooden Wares exported annually from 1868-69 to
1878-79..
317
320
320
(c.) Exportation of Wooden Wares by Foreign Countries: Values,
annually, from 1868-69 to 1878–79.
321
(d.) Exportation of Wooden Wares, by Districts, from 1833-64 to
1878-'79
324
(e.) Exportation of Shoe-pegs in 1873-74.
IX. Barks:
1. General Summary of Exportations from 1790–’91 to 1878–79 :
(a.) Values annually exported from 1790-'91 to 1878-79 (with Quanti-
ties only in earlier years) ..
326
(b.) Exportation of "Oak Bark and other Dye-Woods" by Foreign
Countries: Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1832-63.
327
(c.) Exportation of "Barks for Tanning," by Foreign Countries: Quan-
tities and Values annually, in 1853-'64 and 1864-'65
328
(d.) Exportation of "Barks for Tanning," by Foreign Countries: Values,
aunnally, from 1865-66 to 1877-78.
328
(c.) Exportation of Barks, by Districts, from 1855-56 to 1878-79.
330
X
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
X. Naval Stores:
Page.
1. General Notice: Statistics from the Census of Various Periods:
(a.) General Notice: Colonial Statistics.
331
(b.) Census of 1840: Barrels of Pitch, Tar, Turpentine, and Rosin, by
States
332
(c.) Census Returns of Tar and Turpentine, from 1950 to 1870, by States,
with number of persons employed, capital invested, and wages
paid, etc……...
2. Pitch, Tar, Rosin, and Turpentine: Exportation from 1789-'90 to 1878–79:
General Statements:
(a.) By Quantities (barrels), separately, for the four commodities, from
1789-'90 to 1819-20...
(b.) Proximate value of Naval Stores exported from 1802-'03 to 1819-'20.
(c.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1820-21 to 1853-54, "Tar and
Pitch" and "Rosin and Turpentine" being separately reported by
quantities (barrels) and collectively by values.
(d.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1854-55 to 1878-79, "Tar and
Pitch" and "Rosin and Turpentine" being separately reported by
quantities (barrels) and values, with a computation of the average
value per barrel, and a general total of all preceding Values
3. Tar and Pitch: Exportation, annually, from 1854-55 to 1878-79:
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Quantities (barrels) and Values..
(b.) By Districts: Quantities (barrels), annually, from 1867-'68 to 1877-278
4. Rosin and Turpentine: Exportation, annually, from 1854-55 to 1867-'68:
(a.) By Foreign Countries: Quantities (barrels) and Values, from
1854-55 to 1867-68..
332
333
334
334
334
335
344
346
(b.) By Foreign Countries: Quantities (barrels) and Values, from
1868-'69 to 1878-79.
352
(c.) By Districts: Quantities (barrels), annually, from 1867-68 to
1878-79...
5. Spirits of Turpentine: Exportation, annually, from 1789-'90 to 1878-79:
(a.) By Quantities (gallons), collectively, from 1789-'90 to 1852-53...
(b.) By Quantities (gallons) and Values, with computation of the
average price per gallon, from 1853-54 to 1878-79.
358
360
360
(c.) By Foreign Countries: Quantities (gallons) and Values, from
1854-55 to 1867-'68..
360
(d.) By Foreign Countries: Quantities (gallons) and Values, from
1868-69 to 1878-79
366
XI. Incidental Forest Products:
1. Ginseng: General Note:
(a.) Exportation of Ginseng, by Quantities (pounds) and Values, an-
nually, from 1789-'90 to 1878-79, with a computation of the value
per pound in each year.
374
(b.) Exportation of Ginseng, by Districts, and Quantities (pounds), an-
nually, since 1867-'68.
375
2. Furs and Skins: General Note.
375
(a.) Exportation: General statement of Values, annually, from 1802-'03
to 1878-79..
375
(b.) Exportation, by Districts: Values, annually, from 1867-'68 to
1878-79..
376
3. Potash and Pearlash: General Note:
(a.) Exportation from 1789-'90 to 1819-20, separately: Quantities (tons),
annually, for whole period, and Values, annually, after 1801-'02,
with a computation of price per ton during the latter period.
(b.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash, collectively, from 1820-21 to
1864-'65: Quantities (tons) and Values, annually, with a computa-
tion of the price per pound in each year.
377
377
(c.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash, collectively, from 1865–66 to
1878-79: Quantities (pounds) and Values, annually, with a compu-
tation of the price per pound in each year.
378
378
(d.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash by Districts: Quantities
(pounds) and Values, annually, from 1855-56 to 1878-79.
XII. Ship-Building:
General Note:
1. Number, Class, and Tonnage of Vessels built within the United States
since 1815:
(a.) Annual Statement, by Class of Vessels (Ships and Barks, Brigs,
Schooners, Sloops, Canal Boats, Barges, and Steamers): Total Num-
ber, and total Tonnage..
380
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ΧΙ
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
XII. Ship-Building:
(b.) Annual Averages in five-year Periods, derived from the preceding
Page.
Table...
381
(c.) Deduction of Percentages from preceding Table.
382
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels built, annually, since
1854, by Districts, with General Summaries..
382
3. Number and Tonnage of Vessels built in the several Provinces of Canada
since 1867.
397
General Statement and Explanatory Note..
IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS:
I. Custom Duties charged upon Foreign Forest Products and Manufactures of Wood
Imported into the United States since 1789..
397
397
II. Synopsis of Tables of Importation of Forest Products and Manufactures of
Wood in recent years
399
1. Boards, Plank, and Scantling imported annually into the United States
from 1866-67 to 1871-72: Values and Duties.
2. Hemlock, Whitewood, Sycamore, and Basswood Boards, &c., imported an-
nually, from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values, and Duties, ac-
cording to finish.
3. Other Varieties of Lumber not otherwise specified imported annually
from 1872-273 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values, and Duties, according
to finish.
401
401
402
4. Boards, Deals, Planks, Joists, and Scantling imported annually from
1871-72 to 1873-79: Quantities and Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries
402
(b.) By Districts..
404
5. Other Lumber (besides Boards, Deals, Plank, Joists and Scantling, Shin-
gles and Timber, imported annually from 1871-72 to 1878-79:
Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts...
408
408
6. Clapboards imported annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79, showing kind
of Wood, Quantities, Values, and Duties.
411
7. Lath imported annually from 1866-67 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values,
Duties
411
8. Pickets and Palings imported annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Quan-
tities, Values, and Duties..
411
9. Shingles imported annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values,
and Duties..
411
10. Shingles imported annually from 1871-72 to 1877-78: Quantities and
Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries
412
(b.) By Districts.
412
11. Timbers imported annually from 1866-67 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values,
and Duties....
414
12. Other Timber and Lumber, specified (Railroad Ties, Shingle Bolts and
Stave Bolts, Ship Timber and Ship Planking), imported annually
from 1869-70 to 1877-78: Values.
415
13. Rough Timber and Unmanufactured Wood imported annually from 1866-
767 to 1878-79: Value and Duties...
415
14. Timber Sawed or Hewed, wholly or in part, imported annually from
1871-'72 to 1878-79: Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries..
415
(b.) By Districts
416
15. Staves for Pipes, Hogsheads, Casks, &c., imported annually from 1866–
'67 to 1878-79: Value and Duties: Quantities for six years
417
16. Hoop Poles imported in 1869-'70 and 1870-'71 ....
417
17. Shooks imported annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Kinds, Quantities
(number), Value, and Duties
417
18. Casks and Barrels (empty) not otherwise specified imported annually
from 1872-73 to 1878-79
417
417
19. Packing Boxes imported in 1872-73 to 1878-79
20. Hubs for Wheels, Posts, Last-Blocks, Wagon-Blocks, Heading-Blocks,
and Gun-Blocks, and all like Blocks or Sticks, rough-hewed or
sawed only, imported annually from 1872-273 to 1878-79
21. Woods not specified imported annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Value
and Duties...
418
418
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
Page.
II. Synopsis of Tables of Importation, &c. :
22. Unmanufactured Wood not otherwise specified imported anuually from
1871-72 to 1878-79: Values:
a.) By Foreign Countries
418
(b.) By Districts.
421
23. Fire-wood imported annually from 1866-'67 to 1878-79: Quantities
(cords), Values, and Duties.
423
24. Cabinet and Household Furniture imported annually from 1854-'55 to
1863-64: Value..
423
25. Cabinet and Household Furniture imported annually from 1864-'65 to
1871-72: Value and Duties.
424
26. Cabinet-ware and House Furniture, finished and unfinished, imported
annually from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Value and Duties..
424
27. Cabinet-ware, Household Furniture, and all Manufactures of Wood not
otherwise specified imported annually from 1871-72 to 1878-'79:
Value:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
424
427
28. Cabinet and other Fine Woods imported annually since 1855-56:
(a.) Unmanufactured (specified by Kinds and Values), from 1855-'56 to
1869-'70
429
429
(b.) Fine Cabinet Woods
(c.) Comparison of importation of several of the Fine Woods, in manu-
factured and unmanufactured state, from 1857-'58 to 1860-61 .
29. All other Manufactures of Wood not specified imported annually from
1855-56 to 1861-62: Values
30. Willow and Willow Wares imported annually from 1854-55 to 1878-79:
(a.) Manufactured and Unmanufactured, from 1854-55 to 1860-'61:
Values.
(b.) Willow and Willow Wares (not separately stated), from 1861-'62 to
1878-79: Value and Duties, except three years, in which the values
were only given.
430
431
431
431
31. Bamboo Sticks, Joints, and Reeds imported annually from 1869–270 to
1878-79: Values
432
32. Foreign Trees, Plants, Shrubs, &c., entered for consumption in the
United States annually from 1869-'70 to 1878-79: Values
432
33. Naval Stores imported annually from 1862–63 to 1878-79:
(a.) Quantities and Values, 1862-63 to 1868–69..
432
(b.) Quantities, Values, and Duties from 1869-'70 to 1878–79
433
[1.] Barks for tanning imported annually from 1870-'71 to 1878-79
(b.) Oak Bark, 1876-'77 and 1877-78
34. Tanning Materials of Forest Product imported in recent years:
(a.) Hemlock Bark: Cords and Value.
[2.] Barks for tanning (not specified) imported from 1871-72 to 1878–79:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
433
433
433
434
(b.) By Districts
434
[3.] Sumac imported in recent years:
(a.) By Foreign Countries, in 1866'-67 and 1867-'68..
435
(b.) Total Quantities and Values from 1874-75 to 1878-79
435
35. Dye Woods, imported in Sticks:
(a.) Quantities and Values, 1869-'70 to 1871-'72
435
(b.) Kinds, Quantities, and Values, 1872-73 to 1878-'79.
435
36. Nuts imported annually from 1869-'70 to 1878-'79: Kinds, Quantities,
Value, and Duties.
436
III. Shipment of Forest Products between New York and San Francisco, via the
Isthmus of Darien, 1869-'70 to 1878-79:
1. From New York to San Francisco..
487
2. From San Francisco to New York
437
IV. Statement of Lumber, &c., the Produce of the State of Maine, upon the Saint
John and Saint Croix Rivers and their Tributaries, owned by American
citizens, and sawed or hewn in the Province of New Brunswick by Ameri-
can citizens, and admitted free of duty into the United States, since 1868,
under the Treaty of Washington, dated November 10, 1842, and the Acts
of Congress, dated March 16 and June 1, 1866..
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF CANADA :
I. Resources of Canadian Forests..
1. Inquiries concerning the Timber Interests of Canada..
2. Other statements concerning the Forest Resources of Canada.
3. Waste in working Square Timber: Economies in the Timber Trade
4. On the official statistics of Canada...
438
441
441
453
456
459
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
XIII
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF CANADA-Continued.
II. Exportation of Forest Products of Canada :
1. Custom Duties formerly imposed for encouragement of the Timber
Trade......
2. Comparison of the several classes of Forest Products exported from the
Province of Canada during the Twelve Years preceding the forma-
tion of the Dominion Government..
Page.
459
461
3. General comparison of the several Classes of Products exported from
Canada in each year since the formation of the Dominion Govern-
ment:
(a.) Total Products of Canada...
463
(b.) Export of Products of the Province of Ontario to the United States,
compared with Total Exportation.....
464
(c.) Export of Products of the Province of Quebec to the United States,
compared with Total Exportation....
465
(d.) Export of Products of the Province of New Brunswick to the United
States, compared with Total Exportation
466
(e.) Export of Products of the Province of Nova Scotia to the United
States, compared with Total Exportation...
467
(f.) Export of Products of the Province of Prince Edward Island to the
United States, compared with Total Exportation
438
(g.) Export of Products of the Province of British Columbia to the
United States, compared with Total Exportation
468
(h.) Export of Products of the Province of Manitoba to the United
States, compared with Total Exportation..
469
4. Exportation of Forest Products from Canada since the formation of the
Dominion Government, distinguishing the several classes of Prod-
ucts by Provinces, and specifying the amount exported to the United
States, and the amount not the Produce of Canada:
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber
(b.) Sawed Lumber
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, etc.
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood
(e.) Wood Manufactures and Incidental Forest Products
470
479
486
494
(a.) Boards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling
7. Canadian Lumber Exported to Foreign Countries from Ports of the United
States in recent years.
6. Average price of Timber per Ton, exported from Canada during the last
twenty-four years..
5. Exportation of the principal classes of Forest Products from the Do-
minion of Canada to different Countries, from 1874 to 1879, inclu-
sive. (Values).
-
506
509
510
510
(b.) Shingles..
510
(c.) Timber Sawn or Hewn, wholly or in part
510
(d.) Other Lumber
510
8. Ships built at Quebec and sold to Foreign Countries from 1868 to 1875,
inclusive..
510
9. Ships built in Canada and sold to Foreign Countries during the four years
ending in 1879.
511
III. Importation af Forest Products, and of Manufactures therefrom from the
United States into Canada since the formation of the Dominion Govern-
ment:
1. Lumber, sawed, or Plank, not being Mahogany Rosewood, Walnut, Chest-
nut, and Cherry, or not imported from British North American Prov-
inces.
2. Lumber of Mahogany, Rosewood, Walnut, Chestnut, Cherry, and Pitch
Pine
3. Wood Unmanufactured
4. Bark for Tanning.
5. Fire-wood
6. Cabinet-ware and Furniture
7. Manufactures of Wood not otherwise specified
511
511
512
512
512
512
513
IV. Reciprocity Treaty:
1. Importation of Forest Products from the United States under the Reci-
procity Treaty. (From Canadian Reports on Trade and Naviga-
tion)...
2. Importation of Forest Products from British American Provinces, free of
duty under the Reciprocity Treaty. (From the United States An-
nual Reports on Conimerce and Navigation) .
513
514
XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF CANADA-Continued.
V. Manufacture of Lumber in Canada as shown by Census Returns :
1. Number of Saw Mills in Canada at different periods, as shown by Census
Returns..
515
2. Census Returns of the Manufacture of Forest Products of Canada:
(a.) Census of 1851-'52
516
(b.) Census of 1860-'61
516
(c.) Census of 1870-'71
517
3. Forest Products of Canada: Census of 1870-'71.
517
4. Maple Sugar made in Canada at different periods as shown by Census
Returns...
517
VI. The Public Timber Lands of Canada: Crown Lands :
General Statement
1. Former Timber Regulations in Canada
2. Amounts accrued and collected for Timber Dues, Ground-Rents and
Bonuses, in Upper and Lower Canada, during ten years preceding
the formation of the Dominion Government
518
518
526
3. Receipts from Bonuses and Ground-Rents alone, during the Union of the
Province of Canada, so far as published.
526
4. Recent and existing Timber Regulations in Canada.
526
(a.) Dominion Lands..
(b.) Crown Lands of ONTARIO:
[1.] Timber Act of 1860.
526
529
[2.] Management of the Timber Lands of Ontario
532
[3.] Crown Timber Regulations now in force..
533
[4.] On the various forms of Timber Licenses in use.
536
[5.] Form of a Timber License in the Western District
536
[6.] System of Wood Ranging: Efforts to prevent waste
[7.] Mode of making, and of verifying Returns
537
538
[8.] Timber Regulations established under the Land Act: General State-
ment
540
[9.] Settler's License Regulations.
540
[10.] Reservation of Pine Trees upon the Public Lands, sold within Tim-
ber Licenses
541
[11.] Order in Council of April 3, 1880, in reference to the Reservation of
Pine or Cedar Trees, or both, from sales of Public Lands for a lim-
ited period..
543
[12.] Supply of Lumber for local use
543
[13.] Order in Council of December 2, 1870, in reference to Trespass upon
the Public Lands.
545
[14.] Timber Reservations in Free Grants and Homestead Act
[15.] Reservations of Timber under the Mining Act
545
547
[16.] Recent increase in value of other Timber besides Pine
[17.] Timber Agencies
548
548
[18.] Foreign Timber Trade
[19. Timber on Private Lands
[20.] Restocking with Trees..
549
550
551
Timber Statistics of the Province of Ontario.
[1.] Timber Revenues
552
[2.] Area of Lands under Timber license in the Province of Ontario
[3.] Details of Revenue from Timber on Crown Lands in the Province of
Ontario...
552
553
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands in the Province of
Ontario, under Timber Licenses since 1867
553
A. Specified by kind of Timber
553
B. Specified by the uses to which Timber is applied.
(c.) Crown Lands of QUEBEC.
555
557
[1.] Regulations respecting the sale and management of Timber on Crown
Lands
558
Form of License
560
Timber Statistics of the Province of Quebec.
[1.] Receipts and Expenditures of the Department of Crown Lands of
the Province of Quebec, since June 30, 1867
563
[2.] Areas under Timber License in the Province of Quebec in each year
since 1867...
563
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
XV
Page.
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF CANADA-Continued.
VI. The Public Timber Lands of Canada: Crown Lands:
[3.] Details of Revenue from Timber on Crown Lands in the Province of
Quebec
563
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands in the Province of
Quebec, since June 30, 1867:
A. Specified by kind of Timber
564
B. Specified by the uses to which Timber is applied
(d.) Crown Lands of NEW BRUNSWICK:
General Statement
565
567
[1.] Operation of the Labor and Free-Grant Acts.
567
[2.] Experience in regard to Timber Regulations of 1874..
568
568
[4.] Lien for security of Crown Dues
571
571
[3.] Form of the Timber-License granted by the Surveyor-General of New
Brunswick..
[5.] Penalties for Trespass upon the Crown Lands
Timber Statistics of the Province of New Brunswick.
[1.] Receipts from Crown Lands in the Province of New Brunswick, from
1874 to 1879, showing the actual and relative amount received from
various sources..
[2.] Stumpage System (with Statistics)
[3.] Lumber Trade of the Province of New Brunswick
[1.] Summary of Stat ute..
(e.) Crown Lands of NoVA SCOTIA :
[2.1 Remarks of Prof. Charles Lyell
(f.) Crown Lands of BRITISH COLUMBIA :
[1.] Summary of Statute
[2.] Form of a Timber Lease in British Columbia
[3.] On the Timber Resources of British Columbia
[4.] Exportations of Lumber from British Columbia during the first ten
years of the Lumber Trade of that Province..
VII. Public Works of Canada having relation to the Timber Interests:
1. Slides and Booms:
(a.) Description and Extent
572
572
573
574
575
575
576
578
580
580
(b.) Timber and Sawlogs that passed the Government Slides and
Booms on the Ottawa and its Tributaries in each calendar year, from
1851 to 1879, inclusive, and the Revenue accrued therefrom
(c.) Revenue accrued on certain undermentioned works during the last
eight years.
582
583
(d.) Number of pieces of Square and Flattened Timber, &c., of each
kind, passed the Government Slides and Booms on the Ottawa and
its Tributaries from 1872 to 1879, inclusive
584
2. Canals of Canada:
(a.) Description and Extent.
[1.] Saint Lawrence Canals:
A. Lachine Canals
B. Beauharnois Canal
c. Cornwall Canal
[2.] Burlington Bay Canal
[3.] Welland Canal
584
584
584
584
D. Williamsburg Canals-three in number.
584
584
584
[4.] Ottawa River Locks and Canals
584
[5.] Rideau Canal
584
[6.] St. Our's Lock.
585
[7.] Chambly Canal
585
[8.] St. Peter's Canal
585
(b). Rules for conversion of measures or number into weight, estab-
lished by law for the Canadian Canals.
585
(c.) Total and Comparative Tonnage of Forest Products passing through
Canadian Canals from 1848 to 1879, inclusive. (Fiscal years.)
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products passing the several
Canadian Canals from 1852 to 1879, inclusive. (Fiscal years.):
585
[1.] Welland Canal (1852 to 1879).
587
[2.1 St. Lawrence Canals (1852 to 1879)
[3.] Chambly Canal, including St. Our's Lock (1852 to 1879)
[4.] Burlington Bay Canal (1852 to 1879).
[5.] Ste. Anne's Lock (1852 to 1872).
•
588
589
590
591
XVI
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
[8.] Rideau Canal (1873 to 1879).
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF CANADA-Continued.
VII. Public Works of Canada having relation to the Timber Interest:
[6.] Ottawa and Rideau Canals and Locks (1852 to 1872)
[7.] Ottawa Canals (1873 to 1879)
·
Page.
592
592
592
[9.] Newcastle District Canals (1876 to 1879).
593
(e.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, during
seasons of navigation, since 1872:
[1.] Total and Comparative Tonnage
593
[2.] Welland Canal
[3.] St. Lawrence Canals.
[4.] Chambly Canal..
595
595
596
[5.] Burlingta Bay Canal
[6.] Ottawa Canals
[7.] Rideau Canal
[8.] Newcastle District Canal
596
597
597
598
(f.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, with
the view of showing the movement each way of each class of Prod-
ucts between American and Canadian Ports:
[1.] Boards and other sawed Lumber in Vessels (1852 to 1879)
[2.] Boards and other sawed Lumber in Rafts (1852 to 1879)
[3.] Timber, Square, in Vessels (1852 to 1879)
[4.] Timber, Square, in Rafts (1852 to 1879)
[5.] Timber, Round or Flatted, in Vessels (1852 to 1879)
[6.] Timber, Round or Flatted, in Rafts (1852 to 1879).
[7.] West India Staves and Headings (1852 to 1879).
[8.] Pipe-Staves and Headings (1852 to 1879).
[9.] Barrel-Staves and Headings (1852 to 1879).
[10.] Saw-Logs (1852 to 1879)
[11.] Floats (1867 to 1879)
[12.] Railroad-Ties (1867 to 1879)
[13.] Boat-Knees (1867 to 1879)
[14.] Hoops and Hop-Poles (1867 to 1879)
15.] Barrels, Empty (1867 to 1879)
[16.] Split-Posts and Fence-Rails (1867 to 1879).
[17.] Traverses (1867 to 1879).
[18.] Wagon-Stuff, Wooden-Ware, and Wood partly Manufactured (1867
to 1879)
[19.] Firewood (1852 to 1879)
-
Diagrams
Index..
598
599
599
600
600
601
602
602
602
603
603
603
604
604
604
604
605
605
605
606
607
REPORT UPON FORESTRY.
In the report upon Forestry, transmitted to Congress near the close
of the year 1877, an attempt was made to embody as many practical sug-
gestions and scientific principles as practicable having reference to the
important subject of forest-tree planting, the maintenance of supplies,
and the future prospects of the country dependent upon this interest.
Especial effort was made to include as much as possible relating to ap-
proved methods of management, and the various economies that may
be applied in industries that find employment in obtaining and in using
forest products. Statements were presented showing the measures that
had been adopted in the several States tending to encourage the growth
of timber, with the text of the laws then in force, and various circulars,
regulations, and instructions that had been issued for the guidance of
those who might wish to avail themselves of the opportunities thus
offered.
Particular care had been taken to learn the results of forest-tree plant-
ing under the timber-culture acts of Congress, passed in 1873 and 1874,
and to gather the opinions of those best qualified to judge as to the
operation of these laws, the defects which experience had brought out,
and the remedies that, in their judgment, should be applied.
In the present report we shall continue our notice of the legislative
action of the General Government and of the several States and Terri-
tories upon the subject of timber planting, and add various articles
having application to the cultivation of woodlands, or relating to the
growth of trees. But the particular subject that we have sought to
present with fullness, is that of Forestry in its relations to Foreign Com-
merce. In this, we have resorted to the only source of information in
existence, which is the series of annual reports of the Secretary of the
Treasury upon Commerce and Navigation, which have been made with
scarcely an interruption since the organization of our present form of
government under the Constitution in 1789. It is to be regretted that
the changes in the headings, which have been made from time to time,
prevent us in most cases from following the line of succession of particu
lar facts through the whole of this period. Sometimes these changes
have been occasioned by modifications in our laws affecting commercial
regulations, or by the growth of the country requiring a modification in
collection districts, or by changes that have arisen in foreign countries;
and so far as they have resulted from these causes they were of course
unavoidable.
In
But it would be impossible to excuse the stupidity which, under a
pretext of economy in publication, introduced confusion in the report
for 1861-62, which continued three years, and then by gradual changes
returned to nearly the same classification as that formerly in use.
this, there was an attempt made to generalize, in a manner that essen-
tially impaired the value of these statistics for all practical use, in study-
ing the subject with reference to particular countries or ports of export;
1 FOR
2
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1878.
as for example, "Great Britain" in place of "England," "Scotland"
and “Ireland” in separate columns, and "France and French Colonies"
instead of "France" (the Atlantic and the Mediterranean ports sepa-
rately), and the several French Colonies under their several names.
The same condensation was followed by placing entire regions, having
several ports of entry and widely different and often competing interests,
under one heading, which rendered it wholly worthless for any purpose
of local comparison; as for example, "lake ports of New York," includ-
ing the ports on Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and "other ports"
in the various States, after giving their principal one.
We have ascertained that it would be practicable to subdivide these
tables by reference to the records so as to render the classification con-
tinuous through the period of confusion, but as this would require more
time and labor than could be given to the work, we present these statis-
tics from the reports as published, as a full compliance with so much of
the act of Congress under which these researches are undertaken as
requires us to ascertain the amount of "importation and exportation of
timber and other forest products."
A thorough revision of the timber-culture acts was made in the Forty-
fifth Congress, in which some of the more prominent faults which obser-
vation had pointed out in our first report were corrected, and the require-
ment as to area to be planted was reduced from a fourth to a sixteenth
part of the whole claim. Those who had begun under the former laws
were allowed the benefits of the new one. The density of the plantation
was largely increased, viz, from about 300 to 2,700 to the acre, by redu-
cing the intervals from 12 to 4 feet. The time given to the preparation
of the soil for planting was extended one year, by requiring that some
crop should be raised or cultivation practiced one year after breaking
the sod before planting the seeds or cuttings, and the privileges formerly
allowed to those holding homestead claims were for the future with-
drawn.
The text of the law of 1878, with notes showing the various changes
made from the act of 1874, together with the regulations that have been
issued by the Commissioner of the General Land Office for the guidance
of those who may seek the benefits which it offers, will be found in the
following pages. It is too early to know what effect this recent act of
Congress may have upon the enterprise which it is designed to favor.
These changes are mainly in accordance with the advice given by
those who had previously enjoyed the best opportunities for observa-
tion, and especially that which required the first plantation to be more
dense than what was formerly allowed. The extension of time granted
in case of injuries from grasshoppers or extreme drought, which had been
added by way of amendment in 1876, was embodied in the revision of
1878.
The following is a copy of the act as it now stands:
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1878.¹
AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to encourage the growth of timber on the Western prairies."
Approved June 14, 1878.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the act entitled "An act to amend the act entitled 'An act to
encourage the growth of timber on the Western prairies,"" approved March thirteenth,
eighteen hundred and seventy-four, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read
as follows: That any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age
of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States, or who shall have filed his
declaration of intention to become such, as required by the naturalization laws of the
The changes made in the acts of 1873 and 1874 are indicated by notes.
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1879.
3
}
United States, who shall plant, protect, and keep in a healthy, growing condition for
eight years' ten acres of timber2, on any quarter-section of any of the public lands of
the United States, or five acres on any legal subdivision of eighty acres, or two and
one-half acrest on any legal subdivision of forty acres or less, shall be entitled to a
patent for the whole of said quarter-section, or of such legal subdivision of eighty or
forty acres, or fractional subdivision of less than forty acres, as the case may be, at
the expiration of said eight years, on making proof of such fact by not less than two
credible witnesses, and a full compliance of the further conditions as provided in sec-
tion two: Provided further, That not more than one-quarter of any section shall be thus
granted, and that no person shall make more than one entry under the provisions of
this act.5
"
SEC. 2. That the person applying for the benefits of this act shall, upon application
to the Register of the land district in which he or she is about to make such entry,
make affidavit, before the Register or the Receiver, or the Clerk of some court of record,
or officer authorized to administer oaths in the district where the land is situated,
which affidavit shall be as follows, to wit: "I,
having filed my appli-
cation, number for an entry under the provisions of an act entitled "An act to
amend an act entitled 'An act to encourage the growth of timber on the Western
prairies,'
"" approved
—, 187, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I am the
head of a family (or over twenty-one years of age), and a citizen of the United States
(or have declared my intention to become such); that the section of land specified in
my said application is composed exclusively of prairie lands, or other lands devoid of
timber; that this filing and entry is made for the cultivation of timber, and for my
own exclusive use and benefit; that I have made the said application in good faith,
and not for the purpose of speculation, or directly or indirectly for the use or benefit
of any other person or persons whomsoever; that I intend to hold and cultivate the
land, and to fully comply with the provisions of this said act; and that I have not
heretofore made an entry under this act, or the acts of which this is amendatory.
And upon filing said affidavit with said Register and said Receiver, and on payment of
ten dollars if the tract applied for is more than eighty acres, and five dollars if it is
eighty acres or less, he or she shall thereupon be permitted to enter the quantity of
land specified; and the party making an entry of a quarter-section under the provi-
sions of this act shall be required to break or plow five acres covered thereby the first
year, five acres the second year, and to cultivate to crop or otherwise the five acres
broken or plowed the first year; the third year he or she shall cultivate to crop or
otherwise the five acres broken the second year, and to plant in timber, sceds, or cut-
tings the five acres first broken or plowed, and to cultivate and put in crop or other-
wise the remaining five acres, and the fourth year to plant in timber, seeds, or cuttings
the remaining five acres. All entries of less quantity than one quarter-section shall
be plowed, planted, cultivated, and planted to trees. tree-seeds or cuttings, in the
same manner and in the same proportion as herein before provided for a quarter-sec-
tion: Provided, however, That in case such trees, seeds, or cuttings shall be destroyed
by grasshoppers, or by extreme and unusual drouth, for any year or term of years the
time for planting such trees, seeds, or cuttings shall be extended one year for every
such year that they are so destroyed: Provided further, That the person making such
entry shall, before he or she shall be entitled to such extension of time, file with the
Register and the Receiver of the proper land-office an affidavit, corroborated by two wit-
nesses, setting forth the destruction of such trees, and that, in consequence of such
destruction, he or she is compelled to ask an extension of time, in accordance with
the provisions of this act: And provided further, That no final certificate shall be
given or patent issued for the land so entered, until the expiration of eight years
from the date of such entry; and if, at the expiration of such time, or at any time
within five years thereafter, the person making such entry, or, if he or she be dead, his
or her heirs or legal representatives, shall prove by two credible witnesses that he or
she or they have planted, and, for not less than eight years, have cultivated and pro-
tected such quantity and character of trees as aforesaid; that not less than twenty-
seven hundred trees were planted on each acre, and that at the time of making such
7
1 Originally ten years; reduced to eight years by the act of 1874.
2 Originally forty acres.
3 Originally twenty acres.
4 Originally ten acres.
5 The words "unless fractional subdivisions of less than forty acres are entered,
which in the aggregate shall not exceed one-quarter section" are omitted in the act
of 1878.
"The former requirement was that ten acres should be broken the first year, ten the
second year, and twenty the third year, and corresponding areas planted the year
following. The proportion to be finally planted was one-fourth; it is now one-six-
teenth.
"The former act required that the trees should be not "more than twelve feet apart
each way." Under the present law the distance is equivalent to four feet each way.
4
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1878.
proof that there shall be then growing at least six hundred and seventy-five living
and thrifty trees to each acre, they shall receive a patent for such tract of land.
1
SEC. 3. That if at any time after the filing of said affidavit, and prior to the issuing
of the patent for said land, the claimant shall fail to comply with any of the require-
ments of this act, then and in that event such land shall be subject to entry under
the homestead laws, or by some other person under the provisions of this act: Pro-
vided, That the party making claim to said land, either as a homestead settler, or un-
der this act, shall give, at the time of filing his application, such notice to the original
claimant as shall be prescribed by the rules established by the Commissioner of the
General Land Office; and the rights of the parties shall be determined as in other
contested cases.
SEC. 4.3 That no land acquired under the provisions of this act shall, in any event,
become liable to the satisfaction of any debt or debts contracted prior to the issuing
of the final certificate therefor.
SEC. 5. That the Commissioner of the General Land Office is hereby required to pre-
pare and issue such rules and regulations, consistent with this act, as shall be neces-
sary and proper to carry its provisions into effect; and that the Registers and Re-
ceivers of the several land offices shall each be entitled to receive two dollars at the
time of entry, and the like sum when the claim is finally established and the final
certificate issued.
SEC. 6. That the fifth section of the act entitled "An act in addition to an act to
punish crimes against the United States, and for other purposes," approved March
third, eighteen liundred and fifty-seven, shall extend to all oaths, affirmations, and
affidavits required or authorized by this act.
SEC. 7. That parties who have already made entries under the acts approved March
third, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, and March thirteenth, eighteen hundred
and seventy-four, of which this is amendatory, shall be permitted to complete the
same upon full compliance with the provisious of this act; that is, they shall, at the
time of making their final proof, have had under cultivation, as required by this act,
an amount of timber sufficient to make the number of acres required by this act.
Src. 8. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.
REGULATIONS AND RULINGS UNDER TIMBER-CULTURE ACT.
The following regulations have been prescribed pursuant to the fifth
section of the above act:
1. The Register and Receiver will not restrict entries under this act to one quarter
section only in each section, as was formerly done under the acts to which this is
amendatory, but may allow entries to be made of subdivisions of different quarter-
sections; provided that each entry shall form a compact body, not exceeding one hun-
dred and sixty acres, and that not more than that quantity shall be entered in any
one section. Before allowing any entry applied for, they will, by a careful examina-
tion of the plat and tract books with reference to any previous entry or entries within
the limits of the same section, satisfy themselves that the desired entry is admissible
under this rule.
2. When they shall have satisfied themselves that the land applied for is properly
subject to such entry, they will require the party to make the prescribed affidavit,
1 Equal to about eight feet each way.
2 The act of 1874 contained the provision that "in case of the death of a person who
has complied with the provisions of this act for the period of three years, his heirs or
legal representatives shall have the option to comply with the provisions of this act,
and receive, at the expiration of eight years a patent for one hundred and sixty acres,
or receive, without delay, a patent for forty acres, relinquishing all claim to the
remainder."
3 The fourth section of the act of 1874 (omitted in 1878) was as follows:
"SEC. 4. That each and every person who, under the provisions of the act entitled
'An act to secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain,' approved May
twentieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, or any amendment thereto, having a
homestead on said public domain, who, at any time after the end of the third year of
his or her residence thereon, shall, in addition to the settlement and improvements
now required by law, have had under cultivation, for two years, one acre of timber,
the trees thereon not being more than twelve feet apart each way, and in a good,
thrifty condition, for each and every sixteen acres of said homestead, shall, upon due
proof of such fact by two credible witnesses, receive his or her patent for said home-
stead."
The rights of claimants under entries made as above are not affected by the repeal
of this section. Homestead entries will be patented according to this obsolete section.
if the entries were made before June 14, 1878.
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1878.
5
and to pay the fee and that part of the commissions payable at the date of entry, and
the Receiver will issue his receipt therefor, in duplicate, giving the party a duplicate
receipt. They will number the entry in its order, in a separate series of numbers, un-
less they have already a series under the acts to which this act is amendatory, in
which case they will number the entry as one of that series; they will note the entry
on their records, and report it in their monthly returns, sending up all the papers
If
therein, with an abstract of the entries allowed during the month under this act.
the affidavit is made before a Justice of the Peace, which the act admits of, his official
character, and the genuineness of his signature, must be certified under seal.
3. When a contest is instituted, as contemplated in the third section of the act of
Juno 14, 1878, the contestant will be allowed to make application to enter the land.
The Register will thereupon indorse on the application the date of its presentation,
and will make the application, and the contestant's affidavit setting forth the grounds
of contest, the basis for further proceedings, these papers to accompany the report
submitting the case to the General Land Office. Should the contest result in the can-
cellation of the contested entry, the contestant may then perfect his own, but no
preference right will be allowed unless application is made by him at date of institut-
ing contest.
4. The fecs and commissions in this class of entries the Receiver will account for in
the usual manner, indicating the same as fees and commissions on timber-culture en-
tries, which will be charged against the maximum of $3,000 now allowed by law.
5. In all cases under this act it will be required that trees shall be cultivated which
shall be of the class included in the term "timber," the cultivation of shrubbery and
fruit trees not being sufficient.
6. The applications, affidavits, and receipts in entries allowed under the act of June
14, 1878, will be made out according to the forms hereto attached.
The foregoing regulations have reference to public lands which are
agricultural in character. There are special laws for the disposal of
desert lands, saline lands, town-sites on the public domain, and lands which
are unfit for cultivation and valuable chiefly for timber or stone.
Timber-culture rulings were made during the fiscal year ending June
30, 1878, as follows:
1. A party having filed an application to contest the validity of a timber-culture
entry, together with his application and affidavit for the entry of the land embraced
therein, and another party having afterward filed the written relinquishment of the
entry by the party, and made application to enter the same land, it was held that the
contestant had the preference right to enter, on the existing entry being canceled.
(Commissioner's letter to Register and Receiver at Niobrara, Nebr., of July 13, 1877, case of
Barrett vs. Maybury.)
2. Where a party enters a tract on which a previous claimant had complied with
the law by breaking and planting, that fact does not excuse him from complying with
the timber-culture law in the same respects as if no such breaking or planting had
been done. (Commissioner's letter to Mark G. Lee, esq., of Shelton, Nebr., dated July 24,
1877.)
3. In a case where the growth of timber on a section was confined to fixed limits,
with no prospect that it would ever spread to meet the demands of the people that
usually reside upon one section, and a timber-culture entry made in the section was
comested on the ground that the section was not naturally devoid of timber, the con-
test was dismissed for the reason that the contestant failed to prove the allegation on
which the order for the hearing was based. (Commissioner's letter to the Register and Re-
ceiver at Benson, Minn., of July 25, 1877, case of Osmundson vs. Norby.)
4. Where a party failed to get the requisite amount of planting done in one year on
his entry, which was for 160 acres, on account of sickness, but had actually done the
amount of breaking and planting required by law for an entry of 80 acres, he was
permitted to relinquish 80 acres and retain the remaining 80 acres, provided that the
20 acres planted in trees should be embraced in the retained portion of the entry.
(Commissioner's letter to the Register and Receiver at Sioux Falls, Dak., of August 18, 1877,
case of Willard D. Gould.)
5. An application for a timber-culture entry was rejected because the affidavit on
which it was based was made a considerable time before, and while the land was cov-
ered by a previous timber-culture entry. This action was on appeal affirmed by the
head of the department. (Secretary's letter of September 24, 1877, case of John Key.)
6. In contests of timber-culture entries, the contestants in making applications to
contest and to enter the lands must tender the amount of fee and commissions at the
same time; the register and receiver must note the facts on their records, and the
money be retained in possession of the contestants, awaiting final decisions in the
6
TIMBER-CULTURE ACT OF 1878.
respective cases. (Commissioner's letter to register and receiver at Wichita, Kans., of De-
cember 4, 1877.)
7. Application made for a timber-culture entry must be simultaneous with the mak-
ing of the required affidavit, if the latter is made at the district land office, and if
made elsewhere before some authorized officer, it must be produced within a reasona-
ble time thereafter, but in no case can an affidavit made while the land is appropriated
under the provisions of law be received. (Secretary's letter of December 22, 1877, case of
Hiram Campbell.)
8. The requisites of an affidavit for a continuance on the ground of the absence of
a witness are that it shows: 1st. The name and residence of the witness, and the ma-
teriality of his testimony; 2d. The exercise of proper diligence to procure the attend-
ance of the witness; and 3d. That the witness can be had at the time to which it is
sought to have the trial deferred. (Secretary's letter of May 29, 1878, case of Wilson vs.
Simmons.)
The following timber-culture rulings were made during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1879:
1. A party having instituted a contest to cancel a timber-culture entry for non-
compliance with the requirements of the act of March 13, 1874, failed to tender his
application to enter the land in question on the date of instituting the contest, for the
reason that the Register told the complainant that was not the proper time to file appli-
cation, but, as affiant understood, the same should be filed at time of trial of contest:
Held, where a claimant shows to the satisfaction of the Land Department that he was
purposely misled by the local officers, such claimant's rights should not be prejudiced
on that account. (Secretary's letter of September 17, 1878, case of Wilson vs. Morrison and
Danford.)
2. In case a timber-culture entry is abandoned, the land covered by such entry is imme-
diately subject to entry by another party under the timber-culture or homestead laws,
but the party applying must give the prescribed notice, and the adverse party be al-
lowed a hearing as in other contested cases. (Commissioner's letter to Register and Re-
ceiver, Kirwin, Kans., November 1, 1872.)
3. A party made a timber-culture entry of a tract of land, as he alleges, under a
misunderstanding as to its location, and afterwards found that the tract he had entered
was unfit for timber culture. He therefore asked to be allowed to change his entry so
as to embrace an entirely different tract. Held, that it was incumbent upon the party
to ascertain definitely the location, as well as the character of the land, before he en-
tered it, and failing to do this he cannot be allowed to change or relinquish his entry
simply because of his negligence, or because the land does not prove to be what he
expected. (Secretary's letter of February 12, 1879, in the case of Cornelius Mace.)
4. Where a party made a timber-culture entry under the acts of March 3, 1873, and
March 13, 1874 (prior to the enactment of the act of June 14, 1878), it was held that
every entry might be consummated under the act of June 14, 1878, by showing, when
making final proof, that he had growing upon his claim (of 160 acres) 6,750 thrifty
trees upon not less than 10 acres, the last-named act being construed as requiring a
certain amount rather than the number of acres of timber. (Commissioner's letter to 0.
D. English, Sioux Falls, Dak., February 14, 1879.)
5. Where a party failed to break the requisite number of acres, and a contest was
instituted, it was held that a strict compliance with law must be shown, and that the
contestant, in making an application to contest, and at the same time to enter the
land in question, must be regarded as an adverse claimant, whose appearance in the
case precludes the sending of it to the board of equitable adjudication for confirma-
tion, even where a substantial compliance with the law may be shown. (Commission-
er's letter of March 4, 1879, to R. & R., Beatrice, Nebr., Glemmer vs. Chandler. Affirmed
by Secretary September 29, 1879.)
6. The act of Congress approved June 14, 1878, permits persons who made timber-
culture entries, under the provisions of the act of March 3, 1873, and March 13, 1874,
to complete the same on compliance with requirements of its terms. (Secretary's letter
of March 17, 1879, case of Holland vs. Martin.)
7. In a number of cases where parties applied to make timber-culture entries of
land located in sections containing trees of various kinds, the applications were re-
jected upon the ground that there was sufficient timber in the several sections in
which the tracts in question were situated to characterize them as timber lands. From
this decision the parties appealed, and, upon consideration of the appeal, it was held
that the word "timber" as used in the act of June 14, 1878, is defined to mean that
sort of "wood which is proper for buildings, or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages,
fences, ships, and the like," and that probably the true intention of the act was that
the section of land in which an entry was made for the cultivation of timber should
be naturally devoid of timber trees, such as pine, oak, ash, maple, elin, walnut, hickory,
RESULTS OF TIMBER-CULTURE ACTS OF CONGRESS.
7
and other timber trees. (Secretary's letter of September 12, 1879, case of Nicholas Noll
et. al.)
8. The following instructions to Registers and Receivers were embodied in a circular
issued by this office August 21, 1878, viz: "Do not allow a timber-culture entry except
you have satisfactory proof that the section embracing the land claimed is prairie land
or laud naturally devoid of timber. Never allow a second timber-culture entry in a
section where there is already an uncanceled timber-culture entry of a quarter of the
same section. Remember that a party who contests a timber-culture entry gains no
preference right to enter the land, unless he shall at date of instituting the contest,
file with you a written application to enter the tract upon cancellation of the contested
entry. Remember that the affidavit required in making a timber-culture entry must
be acknowledged within the bounds of your land district. Return to the parties all
such affidavits acknowledged outside of your district. The honorable Secretary of the
Interior, under date of the 26th June, 1878, decided that a person could not change his
timber-culture entry to a homestead entry.'
"}
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1877, 1,870,434.18 acres in
timber-culture entries were made in the several land districts of the
prairie States and in the Territories, and fees and commissions were re-
ceived amounting to $181,535 from this source. This was an increase
of 1,349,760.79 acres over the entries of the year previous. The year
following showed a further increase of 2,766,573.93, it being 896,139.75
more than the preceding year. According to the terms of the law, there
can be no patents granted to those who have complied with all of the
conditions until March 13, 1882.
Entries under the Timber-culture act during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1877, 1878, and
1879, with the total amount during those years.
District.
Acres in
1876-'77.
Acres in
1877-'78.
Acres in
1878-'79.
Total number
of acres.
ARIZONA..
Florence.
2, 320.00
1,600.00
3, 280.00
Prescott
CALIFORNIA
Los Angeles
120.00
80.17
976.82
Sacramento….
San Francisco.
160.00
Shasta
320.00
160.00
Stockton..
307.85
SS0.00
Susanville
Visalia...
9, 998. 03
40.00
5, 692. GO
COLORADO
...Central City
-
Del Norte..
Denver City
-
1,000.00
1, 383.33
160.00
760.00
14, 078. 75
Lake City.
Pueblo.
DAKOTA.
Fargo
Sioux Falls
.Bismarck.
640.00
1, 477. 66
155.98
320.00
6, 800.93
Deadwood
1,700.92
160.00
49. 82
160.00
640.00
4,310. 79
8, 597. 28
1, 841.00
13, 062. 43
4 0.00
578.60
7.666, 72
440.00
7,200.00
120.00
2, 757.91
160.00
209.82
640.00
1, 827. 85
4,350. 79
24, 287. 91
160.00
3, 601.00
28, 524. 51
635.98
1, 538. 60
15, 945. 36
440.00
19, 997. 82
169, 988. 13
246, 722. 67
436, 708. 62
-
27, 992, 18
268, 354. 15
104, 779. 04
401, 125. 37
Springfield.
32, 799. 81
165, 726. 29
205, 689. 44
Yankton.
Boise City
Lewiston
101, 860.98
206, 353. 01
319, 771. 91
IDAIIO
Oxford.
IOWA
..Des Moines
Sioux City
KANSAS..
Concordia.
Hays City.
Independence.
Kirwin
Larned
Salina.
Topeka
Wichita.
LOUISIANA
MINNESOTA
New Orleans.
Alexandria¹.
3, 363.37
Benson
16, 296. 51
Detroit: Crookston².
Fergus Falls.
4, 774. 61
5, 128. 36
79, 747. 23
46,990. S3
76, 176. 03
Litchfield.
Now Ulm..
67, 523.83
Redwood Falls
10,020.30
48, 817.23
Worthington
22, 097. 43
29, 253. 60
7, 163. 34
11, 557.92
1, 146. 70
5, 889. 21
80.00
4, 711. 76
30, 805. 55
30, 428. 95
200.00
37, 675. 16
77, 345. 94
42, 095. 94
474.61
19, 214. 59
6,849,00
7, 399. 91
1, 311. 96
20,857, 57
718. 81
6,818.66
42, 420.55
127, 584. 52
280.00
161, 296. 75
169, 122.90
74, 195, 47
1, 040.00
16, 978. 17
4,675. 68
17, 374. 78
581. 22
6, 577.25
$0.43
7, 134. 34
44, 121. 56
584.22
7, 376. 06
11, 530. 42
87, 204. 04
189, 637.95
1, 802. 15
265, 570, 19
453, 691. 58
171, 544. 83
3,380.36
56, 230, 59
80,43
1
3, 363.37
121, 096. 39
161, 178. 61
111, 903. 10
6, 849,00
102, 159. 17
80, 106.50
89, 434. 60
1
14, 051.94
31, 044. 48
1, 322. 15
66, 018. 28
207, 222. 74
5.5, 253.42
1, 865. 75
20, 037. S3
30, 952. 65
109, 413. 17
30, 598. 71
27, 235. 43
21, 268. 97 1
38, 083. 57
1 Office removed to Fergus Falls September 13, 1876.
2 Changed from Detroit to Crookston January 1, 1879.
8 RESULTS OF TIMBER-CULTURE ACTS: TIMBER ON PUBLIC LANDS.
Entries under the timber-culture act, &c.-Continued.

District.
Acres in
1876-'77.
Acres in
1877-'78.
Acres in
1878-'79.
Total number
of acres.
ΜΟΝΤΑΝΑ .
.Bozeman
398. 59
Helena
NEBRASKA
..Beatrice
4, 956. 92
880.00
80.00
4,548.75
1, 581. 99
1, 552. 21
4, 668. 79
Bloomington.
2,850.58
1, 632. 21
14, 174. 46
31, 433. 34
65, 991. 58
137, 380. 99
Grand Island
284, 805. 91
18, 069. 25
56, 503. 65
97, 259. 66
171, 832. 56
Lincoln
14, 874. 31
12, 175. 53
13, 354. 71
Niobrara.
40, 404. 55
7, 528. 21
28, 357. 55
91, 799. 93
Norfolk..
127, 685. 69
5, 836.70
1, 320. 00
32, 881. 18
North Platte.
40, 037.88
4, 234. 35
5, 382.83
NEVADA
Carson City
88, 623. 65
98, 240.83
240.00
600.00
160.00
NEW MEXICO....La Mesilla
1, 000. 00
Santa Fé.
OREGON
La Grande
2, 374.87
320.00
14, 838. 06
Lake View.
1, 731.93
160.00
10, 643. 31
853. 57
Oregon City.
The Dalles
UTAH.
Salt Lake City -
WASHINGTON.....Colfax
94.40
40.00
418. 50
3, 608. 15
5, 549. 71
1, 731.93
480.00
27, 856. 24
853.57
94.40
9, 197 86
1, 280.00
2, 328.93
4, 027. 43
17, 135. 11
42, 614. 45
59, 749, 56
Vancouver.
Walla Walla
720.00
1, 703. 37
3, 561. 72
19, 026. 75
58, 398. 52
20, 814. 65
5, 985. 09
98, 239. 92
Summary of the preceding table by States and Territories.
States and Territories.
Acres in
1876-'77.
Acres in
1877-'78.
Acres in
1878-'79.
Arizona
California.
2, 440. 00
Colorado
Dakota
Idaho..
10, 906. 05
3, 023. 33
68, 188. 92
7, 035. 91
Iowa
4, 791. 76
Kansas
238, 020. 74
Louisiana.
-
Minnesota
Montana.
Nebraska.
Nevada.
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah.
Washington
Total
Total number
of acres.
76, 020. 49
398. 59
86, 933. 08
240.00
2, 509. 27
418.50
19, 746. 75
1,600.00
8, 189. 42
15, 474. 72
359, 804.05
22, 169. 53
7, 537.47
3, 280.00
15, 618. 81
15,962. 03
731, 687. 73
22,634.68
6, 577.25
592, 654. 36 1, 155, 659. 12
600.00
320.00
3, 134. 20
465, 968. 91
160.00
1, 891.93
7, 320.00
34, 714. 28
34, 460. 08
1, 159, 680. 70
51, 840. 12
18, 906. 48
1, 986, 334. 22
80, 43
682, 081. 71
4, 492.79
748, 554. 65
1,000.00
2,211.93
348, 508. 72
960.00
195, 652. 66
80.43
257, 552. 50
18, 446. 21
17, 046. 59
1, 280. 00
2, 328. 93
4, 026. 43
77, 237. 00
66, 990. 82
163, 974. 57
520, 673. 391, 870, 434. 18 2,766, 573. 93
5, 157, 681. 50
38, 002. 07
TIMBER ON THE PUBLIC LANDS.
In former reports, and from year to year in the reports of the Com-
missioner of the General Land Office, full details will be found concern-
ing the measures formerly taken for preventing depredations upon the
timber on the public lands, or of recovering something as damages after
the injury had been done. It is sufficient evidence that these early
measures were ineffectual when we find it stated. from official sources
that the total net revenue to the government for the many millions of
dollars worth of lumber taken amounted, from the beginning of records
down to January, 1877, to but $154,373.74.
A change was accordingly made in May, 1877. The duties formerly
assigned to Registers and Receivers in the land offices in the care of tim
ber were assumed by the General Land Office, and clerks from that
office were detailed to investigate and report upon cases of depredation,
with the view of prosecuting offenders, as the law provides. This law,
1 House Report No. 259, first session Forty-third Congress, p. 38; Forestry Report,
1877, p. 12.
TIMBER ON THE PUBLIC LANDS.
9
dating from March 2, 1831, is embodied in the Revised Statutes of the
United States as section 2461, and is as follows:
•
If any person shall cut, or cause or procure to be cut, or aid, assist, or be employed
in cutting, or shall wantonly destroy, or cause to be wantonly destroyed, or aid, as-
sist, or be employed in wantonly destroying any live-oak or red-cedar trees, or other
timber standing, growing, or being on any lands of the United States, which in pursu-
ance of any law passed, or hereafter to be passed, have been reserved or purchased for
the use of the United States for supplying or furnishing therefrom timber for the Navy
of the United States; or if any person shall remove, or cause or procure to be removed,
or aid, or assist, or be employed in removing from any such lands which have been re-
served or purchased, any live-oak or red-cedar trees, or other timber, unless duly
authorized so to do by order in writing of a competent officer, and for the use of the
Navy of the United States; or if any person shall cut, or cause or procure to be cut,
or aid, or assist, or be employed in cutting any live-oak or red-cedar trees or other
timber, from my other lands of the United States, acquired, or hereafter to be ac-
quired, with intent to export, dispose of, use, or employ the same in any manner what-
soever, other than for the use of the Navy of the United States, every such person shall
pay a fiue not less than triple the value of the trees or timber so cut, destroyed, or re-
moved, and shall be imprisoned not excceding twelve months.
This law was originally designed for the protection of the reserves of
live-oak and red-cedar along the Gulf coast, and its application had
been extended to "other timber" by various rulings of the Department
and judicial decisions, which it is not here necessary to repeat.¹
This enforcement of penalties for the violation of a law that had long
been dormant and disregarded naturally led to efforts for its repeal, or,
at least, for some amendment that should render its operation less se-
The feeling upon this subject among the inhabitants of the newer
States and the Territories is doubtless fairly represented in the follow-
ing memorial adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Wyoming Terri-
tory in 1878.
vere.
To the honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States in Con-
gress assembled:
The Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Wyoming respectfully represent that the
Interior Department holds that it is an offense against the laws of the United States
to cut timber on any of the public lands, whether reserved for naval purposes or not;
that the timber lands within the Territory of Wyoming are peculiarly situated, being
in the mountains, and generally remote from the plains, and being that part of the
public domain designated as timber and mineral lands, for which private titles cannot
be obtained in any of the ways prescribed by law, except for mining purposes; that
the agricultural and pastoral lands, as well as all desert lands in said Territory, are
destitute of timber, and that the settlers thereon are consequently dependent upon the
mountain forests for wood for fuel, and timber for purposes of construction and im-
provement; that many of the settlers who have come to this Territory came with
faith in the fostering hand of the general government, believing that they would be
permitted to acquire, by lawful means, whatever the region might afford for the es-
tablishment of homes, and coming before the restrictions of law were strictly imposed,
have built themselves homes, and in so doing have appropriated timber from the pub.
lic domain, which homes they will soon be compelled to abandon for want of repairs
if the honorable Secretary of the Interior persists in the enforcement of the law as it
now is, and Congress do not come to their aid, and that the necessity and importance
of a supply of timber from the public lands of the Territory are plainly manifest when
it is considered that the settlement and development of said Territory depend so
largely upon such supply and the enjoyment of the resources the country affords, the
construction and maintenance of railroads, with hundreds of miles of snow-sheds and
fences, the building of towns, the establishment of settlements; none of these can be
accomplished successfully while it is necessary, on account of the law, which is not
subservient to the people's necessities and requirements, to derive the supply of lumber
and fuel (other than coal) from the forests of Wisconsin and Michigan, more than a
thousand miles away. Therefore your memorialists do humbly pray for the relief of
the people of this Territory, and trust that the honorable Senate and House of Repre-
¹ See Ex. Doc. (Senate) No. 9, second session Forty-third Congress, parts 1 and 2, in
which ample details are given as to the earlier measures taken for the prevention of
timber depredations, as well as those adopted down to the beginning of 1878 under the
system begun in May, 1877.
10
TIMBER ON THE PUBLIC LANDS.
sentatives of the United States in Congress assembled will enact such a law as will
enable them to acquire a right to utilize so much of the timber resources of the Ter-
ritory as is necessary for their wants and the demands of internal improvements, both
private and public; and as in duty bound your memorialists will ever pray.
It will be observed that ideas of the conserviency of forests, or the
wants of the future, are entirely overlooked in the anxiety to satisfy the
current wants of the present time. To one unacquainted with the con-
ditions that actually exist the supplies of timber might be thought in-
exhaustible in amount and infinite in duration, yet nothing can be more
fallacious than this, as the near future must assuredly prove. Without
further considering the discussions thus raised, it remains for us to
notice the several acts passed at the second session of the Forty-third
Congress, having direct reference to the timber upon the public lands.
In relation to the waste going on upon the public lands in the cutting
of the redwood and giant trees in California, the Secretary of the Inte-
rior in his annual report for the year ending June 30, 1879, says:
The waste and destruction of the redwood (Sequoia sempervivens) and "big trees"
(Sequoia gigantea) of California have been and continue to be so great as to cause ap-
prehension that these species of trees, the noblest and oldest in the world, will entirely
disappear unless some measure be soon taken to preserve at least a portion of them.
I am informed that in the more inaccessible sections of the Coast Range in the north-
ern and on the west side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the southern section of
California, some forests of these trees still remain that may and should be preserved
either wholly or, at least, in part. The importance of preserving these species of
trees in sufficient quantity to serve to this and coming generations as an illustration
of the magnificence of the grandest of primeval forests is so great as to have attracted
the attention of men of science in both Europe and America, from some of the most
eminent of whom I have received communications on this subject. It is especially
desirable that the big trees in the above-named localities be preserved, as the "Mari-
posa Grove," now celebrated for its specimens of that species, is small, and many of
the large trees in it are injured by fire.
I would, therefore, recommend that the President be authorized to withdraw from
sale or other disposition an area at least equal to two townships on the Coast Range
in the northern, and an equal area in the southern part of the State of California, the
precise form and location of the tracts to be determined at his discretion.
The Secretary of the Interior, in his report for the year ending June
30, 1879, makes the following statements and suggestions in respect to
depredations on the public timber lands:
I deem it my duty again to invite the attention of Congress to the depredations com-
mitted on the timber lands of the United States and the necessity of the enactment of
laws calculated to arrest the indiscriminate destruction of our forests, especially the
mountainous regions of the country. Since my last annual report the only action taken
by Congress toward the suppression of timber depredations consisted in the appropria-
tion of $40,000, provided for by the act of March 3, 1879. Under this appropriation a
maximum force of fifteen special timber agents was employed to investigate trespasses
in the various public land States and Territories. These agents were from time to time
transferred from one field to another as it was thought that they could best serve the
public interests.
The labors of these agents have been fruitful of good results in two directions: First,
in collecting testimony for the prosecution of trespassers and for the recovery of the
value of timber unlawfully taken from the public lands. It was predicted by many
opponents of the policy pursued in this respect by the Department that the cost of the
investigations and prosecutions would not be covered by the proceeds, and that there-
fore the money appropriated and spent for this purpose would in a great part be
money thrown away. This prediction has not been justified by results. The sum
covered into the Treasury during the last fiscal year on account of timber depredations
was largely in excess of the sum appropriated, and a considerable number of cases is
still pending in the courts awaiting trial, which will, when judgment is obtained, very
much increase the amount already recovered. The details are presented in the report
of the Commissioner of the General Land Office. The prosecution of depredators on
the public timber lands has, therefore, been a well-paying business to the government.
This, however, is the least important result of the operations of the Department in
this respect. Of far greater consequence is the fact that the investigation of tres-
passes and the prosecution of depredators, carried on with vigor and earnestness, al-
TIMBER ON THE PUBLIC LANDS.
11
though with very limited means, have created in some of the localities where the dep-
redations had been most extensive, a wholesome respect for the law, and strengthened
the desire of good citizens, who have the interests of the country at heart, to see the
unlawful destruction of the public timber cease. It is indeed gratifying to observe
that the interest in this important question which the measures adopted by the gov-
ernment have awakened, and the discussions which have followed, have greatly
weakened the opposition which existed at the beginning to the policy pursued by this
Department. Even in the States and Territories where the timber necessary for do-
mestic and business purposes can be obtained only from the public lands, unless im-
ported from a distance, a healthy public opinion seems to be springing up which rec-
ognizes that an indiscriminate destruction of the forests, and especially the denuda-
tion of the mountain slopes of the timber growth covering them, must inevitably re-
sult in incalculable and irreparable injury to the economical interests of those States
and Territories, and become ultimately destructive to the prosperity of their people.
This is an observation which by painful experience has forced itself upon every
civilized nation on earth; and it is to be hoped that the American people will become
mindful of it while it is yet time to remedy the evil already wrought by the reckless
improvidence which has so far prevailed.
66
While the measures taken by this Department have undoubtedly produced a good
effect in many localities, it must be kept in mind that the limited means allowed by
Congress permitted only a comparatively small field to be covered by its operations.
The greatest danger of a wholesale destruction of our forests, and of the disastrous
consequences that destruction will bring after it, exists in those States and Territories
where the timber indispensably required for domestic use and local industry must be
taken from the public lands, there being no timber lands in private possession, and
the public lands being mostly unsurveyed and not subject to purchase or entry.
In my last annual report I discussed the inadequacy of the laws enacted by the last
Congress au horizing the citizens of Colorado, Nevada, and the Territories to fell
and remove timber on the public domain for mining and domestic purposes," and pro-
viding "for the sale of timber lands in the States of California and Oregon and in
Washington Territory." The opinion I then ventured to express, that the first of
these acts would be taken advantage of not only by settlers and miners to provide
economically for their actual current wants, but by persons who would see in this
donation a chance to make money quickly; that it would stimulate a wasteful con-
sumption beyond actual need and lead to wanton destruction, and that the machinery
left to this Department to prevent or repress such waste and destruction through the
enforcement of rules to be made by the Commissioner of the General Land Office would
be found insufficient for that purpose, has already in many places been verified by ex-
perience; also the predictions made by the Commissioner of the General Land Öffice
with regard to the effect of the second one of the above-named acts. Referring to
what was said about these laws in my last annual report, I repeat my earnest recom-
mendation that they be repealed, and that more adequate legislation be substituted
therefor.
It is by no means denied that the people of the above-named States and Territories
must have timber for their domestic use as well as the requirements of their local in-
dustries. Neither is it insisted upon that the timber so required should be imported
from a distance, so that the forests in those States and Territories might remain in-
tact. This would be unreasonable. But it is deemed necessary that a law be enacted
providing that the people may lawfully acquire the timber required for their domestic
use and their local industries from the public lands under such regulations as will
prevent the indiscriminate and irreparable destruction of forests, with its train of dis-
astrous consequences. It is thought that this end will be reached by authorizing the
government to sell timber from the public lands principally valuable for the timber
thereon, without conveying the fee, and to conduct such sales by government officers
under such instructions from this Department as will be calculated to prevent the
denudation of large tracts, especially in those mountain regions where forests once
destroyed will not reproduce themselves. I have no doubt that under such a law,
well considered in its provisions, the people of those States and Territories would be
enabled to obtain all the timber they need for domestic as well as industrial purposes
at reasonable rates, and that at the same time the cutting of timber can be so regulated
as to afford sufficient protection to the existence and reproduction of the forests, which
is so indispensable to the future prosperity of those regions. I venture to express the
opinion that the enactment of such a law has become a pressing necessity, and can-
not much longer be delayed without great and irreparable injury to one of the most
vital interests of the people. I therefore again commend to the consideration of Con-
gress the bill introduced as Senate bill No. 609 in the last Congress.
The subject of the destruction of forests by fire also calls for early and earnest at-
tention. In most, if not all, of the States where timber lands are in private posses-
sion, the setting of fires in them is made a highly penal offense by statute. But there
is no law of the United States providing specifically for the punishment of such offenses
12
VARIOUS ACTS RELATING TO USE OF TIMBER.
f
when committed on the public lands. It is a matter of experience that such fires on
the public lands of the Western States and Territories are sometimes set by Indians,
but in a majority of cases by hunters, mining prospectors, and tourists who negli-
gently leave their camp-fires burning when moving from place to place, as well as by
persons who deliberately set timber on fire for the purpose of deadening and thus pre-
paring it for particular use. It is said that larger areas of timber land are devastated
by such fires than by all other kinds of depredation, and this is probably true. I
therefore repeat the recommendation made in my first annual report, that a law be
enacted prescribing a severe penalty for the willful or negligent setting of fires upon
the public lands of the United States, and also for the recovery of all damages thereby
sustained. It may in many cases be difficult to obtain the testimony necessary for the
conviction of persons guilty of this offense; but if the law is successfully enforced only
in some instances, it will serve to direct general attention to the danger to which any
one who willfully or negligently sets fire to public timber exposes himself, and thus
to make many persons, who so far have given no thought to the possible consequences
of their negligence or recklessness, more careful in the future.
I would also repeat the recommendation made in former reports that the President
be authorized to appoint a Commission, composed of qualified persons, to study the
laws and practices adopted in other countries for the preservation and cultivation of
forests, and to report to Congress a plan for the same object, applicable to our circum-
stances. The time is fast approaching when forest-culture will be to the people of the
United States as important a question as it is in older countries; and then it will be a
subject of painful wonder to thinking men, how it could have been so long neglected.
USE OF WOOD AND TIMBER IN UNSURVEYED PARTS OF THE TERRI-
TORIES.
In pursuance of chapter 76, passed at the second session of the Forty-
fifth Congress' (April 30, 1878), the following privileges are granted with
respect to wood and timber in the Territories:
[After appropriating $7,500 for actual expenses of clerks detailed to
investigate fraudulent entries, trespasses on the public lands and official-
misconduct, this act continues-]
Provided, That where wood and timber lands in the Territories of the United States
are not surveyed and offered for sale in proper subdivisions, convenient of access, no
money herein appropriated shall be used to collect any charge for wood or timber cut
on the public lands in the Territories of the United States for the use of actual settlers
in the Territories, and not for export from the Territories of the United States where
the timber grew: And provided further, That if any timber cut on the public lands shall
be exported from the Territories of the United States, it shall be liable to seizure by
the United States authorities wherever found.
USE OF TIMBER BY NEW RAILROAD COMPANIES.
By an act approved March 3, 1878, entitled "An act granting to rail-
roads the right of way through the public lands of the United States,"
the following provision is made concerning the use of materials needed
for construction:
Be it enacted, &c., That the right of way through the public lands of the United States
is hereby granted to any railroad company duly organized under the laws of any State
or Territory, except the District of Columbia, or by the Congress of the United States,
which shall have filed with the Secretary of the Interior a copy of its articles of incor-
poration, and due proofs of its organization under the same, to the extent of one hun-
dred feet on each side of the central line of said road; also the right to take from the
public lands adjacent to the line of said road, material, earth, stone, and timber necos-
sary for the construction of said railroad; also grounds adjacent to such right of way
for station-buildings, depots, machine-shops, side-tracks, turn-outs, and water-stations,
not to exceed in amount twenty acres for each station, to the extent of one station for
each ten miles of its road. 2
1 Statutes of the United States, 1877-'78, p. 46.
2 A circular of instructions under this act is given in the Report of General Land Of-
fice for 1878, p. 58.
VARIOUS ACTS RELATING TO USE OF TIMBER.
13
PRIVILEGES GRANTED TO THE CITIZENS OF COLORADO, NEVADA, AND
THE TERRITORIES.
AN ACT authorizing the citizens of Colorado, Nevada, and the Territories to remove timber on the
public domain for mining and domestic purposes. Approved June 3, 1878.
Be it enacted, &c., That all citizens of the United States, and other persons bona-fide
residents of the States of Colorado or Nevada, or either of the Territories of New
Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, Dakota, Idaho, or Montana, and all other mineral
districts of the United States, shall be, and are hereby, authorized and permitted to
fell and remove, for building, agricultural, mining, or other domestic purposes, any
timber or other trees growing or being on the public lands, said lands being mineral,
and not subject to entry, in either of said States, Territories, or districts of which such
citizens or persons may be at the time bona-fide residents, subject to such rules and
regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe for the protection of the tim-
ber and of the undergrowth growing upon such lands, and for other purposes: Pro-
vided, The provisions of this act shall not extend to railroad corporations.
SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the Register and Receiver of any local land-office
in whose district any mineral land may be situated to ascertain, from time to time,
whether any timber is being cut or used upon any such lands, except for the purposes
authorized by this act, within their respective land districts; and, if so, they shall im-
mediately notify the Commissioner of the General Land Office of that fact; and all
necessary expenses incurred in making such proper cxaminations shall be paid and al-
lowed such Register and Receiver in making up their quarterly accounts.
SEC. 3. Any person or persons who shall violate the provisions of this act, or any
rules and regulations in pursuance thereof, made by the Secretary of the Interior,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined in any
sum not exceeding five hundred dollars, and to which may be added imprisonment
for any term not exceeding six months.
The following rules and regulations have been prescribed by the Sec-
retary of the Interior, under date of August 16, 1878, for the protection
of timber and of the undergrowth growing upon mineral lands of the
United States, not subject to entry under existing laws of the United
States, except for mineral entry in the States of Colorado and Nevada,
or in the Territories of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, Dakota,
Idaho, or Montana, and in all other mineral districts of the United
States, in compliance with the provisions of an act approved June 3,
1878, entitled "An act authorizing the citizens of Colorado, Nevada,
and the Territories to fell and remove timber on the public domain for
mining and domestic purposes:"
With the view to, and the intention of, preserving the young timber and under-
growth upon the mineral lands of the United States, and to the end that the mount-
ain sides may not be left denuded and barren of the timber and undergrowth neces-
sary to prevent the precipitation of the rainfall and melting snows in floods upon the
fertile arable lands in the valleys below, thus destroying the agricultural and pastur-
age interests of the mineral and mountainous portions of the country, I do hereby
make and cause to be promulgated, by virtue of the power vested in me by the act
entitled "An act authorizing the citizens of Colorado, Nevada, and the Territories
(excepting Washington Territory) to fell and remove timber on the public domain for
mining and domestic purposes," the following rules and regulations:
1. Section 2461, Revised Statutes, is still in force in all of the States and Territories
named in the bill, and its provisions may be enforced, as heretofore, against persons
trespassing upon any other than lands which are in fact mineral, or have been with-
drawn as such; and in all cases where trespasses are committed upon the timber upon
public lands which are not mineral, the trespassers will be prosecuted under said sec-
tion.
2. It shall be unlawful for any person to cut or remove, or cause to be cut or re-
moved, from any of the mineral lands of the United States any timber or undergrowth
of any kind whatsoever less than 8 inches in diameter, and any person so offending
shall be liable to be fined, in compliance with the provisions of the third section of
said act, in any sum not exceeding five hundred dollars, and to which may be added
imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months.
3. It shall be the duty of the Register and Receiver of each and every local land
office in whose district any mineral land may be situated to ascertain by personal
observation, or by sending persons to examine the same from time to time, whether
any timber is being cut or used upon any such lands except for the purpose of build-
14
VARIOUS ACTS RELATING TO USE OF TIMBER.
ing, or for agricultural, mining, or other domestic purposes, or whether any timber is
cut in violation of these rules and regulations within their respective land districts;
and, if they shall ascertain that there is any such violation, they shall immediately
report the same to this office, giving in detail the facts, designating the location of
the land, and if surveyed giving description by legal subdivisions, giving the names
and residences of persons who have violated the provisions of the act above referred
to, or the rules and regulations prescribed thereunder, and also the names and resi-
dences of witnesses by whom the facts of such violation can be proven.
4. All necessary expenses incurred by Registers and Receivers for traveling and other
necessary expenses in making personal examination, or for the payment of the serv-
ices and expenses of persons employed to make such examinations, will be paid and
allowed to such Registers and Receivers in making up their next quarterly accounts
after such expenses shall have been incurred.
TIMBER LANDS ON THE PACIFIC COAST.
AN ACT for the sale of timber lands in the States of California, Oregon, Nevada, and in Washington
Territory. Approved June 3, 1878.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That surveyed public lands of the United States within the
States of California, Oregon, and Nevada, and in Washington Territory, not included
within military, Indian, or other reservations of the United States, valuable chiefly
for timber, but unfit for cultivation, and which have not been offered at public sale
according to law, may be sold to citizens of the United States, or persons who have
declared their intention to become such, in quantities not exceeding one hundred and
sixty acres to any one person or association of persons, at the minimum price of two
dollars and fifty cents per acre; and lands valuable chiefly for stone may be sold on
the same terms as timber lands: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall defeat
or impair any bona-fide claim under any law of the United States, or authorize the
sale of any mining claim, or the improvements of any bona-fide settler, or lands con-
taining gold, silver, cinnabar, copper, or coal, or lands selected by the said States
under any law of the United States donating lands for internal improvements, educa-
tion, or other purposes: And provided further, That none of the rights conferred by
the act approved July twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, entitled "An act
grauting the right of way to ditch and canal owners over the public lands, and for
other purposes," shall be abrogated by this act; and all patents granted shall be sub-
ject to any vested and accrued water rights, or rights to ditches and reservoirs used
in connection with such water rights, as may have been acquired under and by the
provisions of said act; and such rights shall be expressly reserved in any patent
issued under this act.
SEC. 2. That any person desiring to avail himself of the provisions of this act shall
file with the Register of the proper district a written statement in duplicate, one of
which is to be transmitted to the General Land Office, designating by legal subdivis-
ions the particular tract of land he desires to purchase, setting forth that the same is
unfit for cultivation, and valuable chiefly for its timber or stone; that it is uninhab-
ited; contains no mining or other improvements, except for ditch or canal purposes,
where any such do exist, save such as were made by or belong to the applicant, nor,
as deponent verily believes, any valuable deposit of gold, silver, cinnabar, copper, or
coal; that deponent has made no other application under this act; that he does not
apply to purchase the same on speculation, but in good faith to appropriate it to his
own exclusive use and benefit; and that he has not, directly or indirectly, made any
agreement or contract, in any way or manner, with any person or persons whatsoever,
by which the title which he might acquire from the government of the United States
should inure, in whole or in part, to the benefit of any person except himself; which
statement must be verified by the oath of the applicant before the Register or the Re-
ceiver of the land-office within the district where the land is situated; and if any
person taking such oath shall swear falsely in the premises, he shall be subject to all
the pains and penalties of perjury, and shall forfeit the money which he may have
paid for said lands, and all right and title to the same; and any grant or conveyance
which he may have made, except in the hands of bona-fide purchasers, shall be null
and void.
SEC. 3. That upon the filing of said statement, as provided in the second section of
this act, the Register of the land-office shall post a notice of such application, em-
bracing a description of the land by legal subdivisions, in his office, for a period of
sixty days, and shall furnish the applicant a copy of the same for publication, at the
expense of such applicant, in a newspaper published nearest the location of the prem-
ises, for a like period of time; and after the expiration of said sixty days, if no ad-
verse claim shall have been filed, the person desiring to purchase shall furnish to the
Register of the Land-Office satisfactory evidence, first, that said notice of the applica-
VARIOUS ACTS RELATING TO USE OF TIMBER.
15
tion prepared by the Register as aforesaid was duly published in a newspaper as herein
required; secondly, that the land is of the character contemplated in this act, unoc-
cupied and without improvements, other than those excepted, either mining or agri-
cultural, and that it apparently contains no valuable deposits of gold, silver, cinnabar,
copper, or coal; and upon payment to the proper officer of the purchase-money of
said land, together with the fees of the Register and the Receiver, as provided for in
case of mining claims in the twelfth section of the act approved May tenth, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy-two, the applicant may be permitted to enter said tract, and, on the
transmission to the General Land Office of the papers and testimony in the case, a
patent shall issue thereon: Provided, That any person having a valid claim to any
portion of the land may object, in writing, to the issuance of a patent to lands so held
by him, stating the nature of his claim thereto; and evidence shall be taken, and the
merits of said objection shall be determined by the officers of the Land-Office, subject
to appeal, as in other land cases. Effect shall be given to the foregoing provisions of
this act by regulations to be prescribed by the Commissioner of the General Land
Office. ¹
SEC. 4. That after the passage of this act it shall be unlawful to cut, or cause or
procure to be cut, or wantonly destroy, any timber growing on any lands of the
United States in said States or Territory, or remove, or cause to be removed, any
timber from said public lands with intent to export or dispose of the same; and no
owner, master, or consignee of any vessel, or owner, director, or agent of any rail-
road, shall knowingly transport the same, or any lumber manufactured therefrom;
and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor, and, on conviction, shall be fined for every offense a sum not less than one.
hundred nor more than one thousand dollars: Provided, That nothing herein contained
shall prevent any miner or agriculturist from clearing his land in the ordinary work-
ing of his mining claim, or preparing his farm for tillage, or from taking the timber
necessary to support his improvements, or the taking of timber for the use of the
United States; and the penalties herein provided shall not take effect until ninety
days after the passage of this act.
SEC. 5. That any person prosecuted in said States or Territory for violating section
2461 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, who is not prosecuted for cutting
timber for export from the United States, may be relieved from further prosecution
and liability therefor upon payment into the court wherein said action is pending
of the sum of two dollars and fifty cents per acre for all lands on which he shall have
cut, or caused to be cut, timber, or remove, or cause to be removed, the same: Pro-
vided, That nothing contained in this section shall be construed as granting to the
person hereby relieved the title to said lands for said payment; but he shall have the
right to purchase the same upon the same terms and conditions as other persons, as
provided herein before in this act: And further provided, That all moneys collected
under this act shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States. And section
4751 of the Revised Statutes is hereby repealed so far as it relates to the States and
Territories herein named.
SEC. 6. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act
are hereby repealed.
The section partially repealed by this act was as follows:
SEC. 4751. All penalties and forfeitures incurred under the provisions of sections
2461, 2462, and 2463, title "The Public Lands," shall be sued for, recovered, distrib-
uted, and accounted for, under the directions of the Secretary of the Navy, and shall
be paid over, one half to the informers, if any, or captors where seized, and the other
half to the Secretary of the Navy for the use of the Navy pension fund; and the Sec-
tary is authorized to mitigate, in whole or in part, on such terms and conditions as he
deems proper, by an order in writing, any fine, penalty, or forfeiture so incurred.
2
It is too soon to expect definite information as to the operation of
these recent enactments, but is clearly evident that the entire absence
¹ The regulations issued under this section are simply an explanation of the mean-
ing of the act, the form of affidavit by the applicant, and the testimony required of
his witnesses.
2 The report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office for the year ending
June 30, 1878, gives the following opinions from officials who have opportunities for
observation:
"Recent timber legislation is well received by the people. It relieves them of con-
stant apprehension of prosecution for taking timber necessary for the existence of life
and business. Authorizing, as it does, for local and free use of all alike, timber upon
mineral lands, monopoly is avoided and the best public interest is promoted. If Con-
gress will make early provision for and require the survey of all non-mineral timber-
bearing land, the vexed timber question will be settled, or be in a condition which
16
TIMBER DEPREDATIONS.
of any provisions tending to the protection of future growths or to the
prevention of waste will, in future time, be regarded with unavailing
regret.
ACTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IN REFERENCE TO
THE REPRESSION OF TIMBER DEPREDATION.
With reference to the proceedings instituted by the Department of
the Interior for the protection of timber growing upon the public lands,
under the provisions of the several acts passed at the second session of
the Forty-fifth Congress, the Commissioner of the General Land Office,
in his report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1879, says:
Since then there has been no further legislative action taken by Congress towards
the suppression of timber depredations on the public lands, save as follows: In act of
March 3, 1879, "To meet expenses of protecting timber on the public lands, forty
thousand dollars, to be made available immediately" (Statutes, third session, Forty-
fifth Congress, p. 392). Under this appropriation investigations of public-timber
trespass have been nade, and efforts have been continued to suppress the depredations,
still extensive, and which the interests of the government and of the people settling
and residing in the region of the public timbered lands require should be still pur-
sued with unremitted earnestness and vigor.
Special agents have been detailed to investigate trespass and collect testimony
in the various public land States-and Territories, and they have been transferred from
one field to another as circumstances indicated they could best serve the public inter-
ests. They are now assigned to duty, as follows:
In Alabama, 1; California, 1; Colorado, 1; New Mexico, 1; Florida, 1; Louisiana,
1; Michigan, 1; Mississippi, 1; Oregon, 1; Minnesota and Wisconsin, 4; Washington
Territory, 1; Wyoming Territory, 1; the latter agent operating along the line of the
Utah and Pacific Railroad.
Reports received from the agents, and from the Registers and Receivers, show some-
what of the great extent to which timber depredations have been and are still being
committed, and the results attending the efforts which have been exerted towards
suppressing the same.
In Alabama, the suit instituted against the owners of a mill in Butler County,
referred to in my last annual report, has been discontinued, said mill owners having
made payment of $4,024.11, in settlement of the trespass, and the amount having been
covered into the United States Treasury.
Two agents have been operating in Alabama during the past fiscal year, and have
reported many names of trespassers upon the public lands in that State, but many of
these persons were employés of mill owners and timber speculators. Several iron and
furnace companies have been committing extensive depredations upon public lands
entered under the homestead law, for the purpose of removing the timber therefrom
and not for improvement and cultivation. The timber taken from these lands was
mostly burned into charcoal for use in the furnaces. These cases are now being thor-
oughly investigated, and civil and criminal proceedings are being instituted.
Trespass, covering several thousand acres of public land, by boxing the trees for
turpentine purposes, has been reported, and civil and criminal suits have been insti-
tuted against the parties.
Besides a number of persons arrested for trespass upon public timber and bound
over to appear at the next term of the United States circuit court, fifteen persons have
been tried for timber trespass, convicted, and sentenced to imprisonment for from ten
to thirty days, with costs.
Several parties have been reported as operating along the line of the Mobile and
Girard Railroad, stripping the land of its timber under cover of title from the railroad
will make it easy of settlement with all offenders and to the approval of all good men."
JOHN WASSON, Surveyor-General of Arizona.
"The passage of the recent act by Congress, providing for the sale of 160 acres of
timber to each qualified purchaser, will prove of inestimable value to the farmers in
Eastern Washington, where timber is generally located in the mountainous districts
and remote from their homes.
"Heretofore but little call was made for the survey of these lands, for the reason that
as soon as surveyed they were taken up by transient land speculators, under the pre-
emption act, and, held at such high figures that the average farmer could not afford
to purchase theni, and, when unsurveyed, necessity forced nearly all to become depre-
dators on the public lands." W. MCMICKEN, Surveyor-General of Washington Territory.
TIMBER DEPREDATIONS.
17
company and deeds by tax collectors; these facts were duly reported to the governor
of Alabama.
Several propositions for compromise have been received, but no definite action has
yet been taken.
In Arkansas, the annual loss to the government by the destruction of valuable tim-
ber has been estimated at not less than $500,000. The special agent has been circum-
scribed in his action by yellow fever and quarantine. Several names of trespassers
have been reported by the agent; suits have been instituted against a number of
persons held to bail for their appearance at the next term of the United States circuit
court. Three parties plead guilty, and were sentenced to fine and imprisonment.
Many of the trespasses in this State were committed upon lands entered under the
homestead law, the parties making entry evidently having no intention of complying
with the requirements of said law, but for the sole purpose of denuding the land of
its timber.
In California six parties, who were indicted for trespass upon public timber lands,
have been relieved from further prosecution and liability therefor by paying into the
court the sum of $9,900, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved June
3, 1878.
In Colorado, under the operation of the act of Congress approved June 3, 1878,
"authorizing the citizens of Colorado, Nevada, and the Territories to fell and remove
timber ou the public domain for mining and domestic purposes," large quantities of
timber are reported taken from the public lands, whether unlawfully or not can only
be determined by test cases, which will involve a construction of scope of said act by
the judiciary.
In Dakota, trespass cases have been reported involving about 2,650,000 feet of tim-
ber. A few persons have been tried, found guilty, and fined. The course taken by
the department towards suppressing timber depredations, except in some few locali-
ties, seems to be generally approved in the Territory.
In Florida, the cases mentioned in my last annual report are still pending in the
United States court. Many new cases of trespass have been reported, involving
62,050,000 feet of timber. Suits have been instituted in which bonds have been given
amounting to $63,400, and the cases continued until the next term of the court.
Most of the trespasses in this State are directly or indirectly committed by a few
leading mill owners and log speculators, and partly upon lands entered under the
homestead law by their employés, for whom they pay the entry fees and other inci-
dental expenses. Some difficulty in procuring evidence and bringing suits in certain
cases has arisen from the residence of the trespasser being in Florida, while the public
timber lands trespassed upon are in Alabama, whence the logs are rafted to the mills
in Florida, and there manufactured into lumber.
The agents report the boxing of trees for turpentine under contract with certain
turpentine distillers. The amount of public lands thus trespassed upon is estimated
to be 13,160 acres, and the damage to the same to amount to $13,160. Suits have been
instituted and are still pending against parties so trespassing.
In Idaho, the Registers and Receivers report a number of arrests for cutting railroad
ties, and in two instances judgment has been rendered for the government for more
than $13,000.
In Louisiana, the past efforts of the special agents in suppressing timber depredations
have had the effect of greatly diminishing the unlawful cutting of public timber in those
districts under their charge. A majority of the prominent citizens and mill owners in
Calcasiu Parish have publicly expressed a strong desire for the suppression of such depre-
dations. For the preservation of the timber interest, and the credit and good name of
the inhabitants, they have openly pledged themselves to discountenance and discour-
age by every means in their power the unlawful cutting of timber on government
lands.
The last suit pending in the United States circuit court was settled April 14, 1879, and
$20,000 was covered into the United States Treasury on account of timber depreda-
tions. Considerable timber taken from the lands eutered under the homestead law
in the vicinity of Sabine River, and sold to the Louisiana Western Railroad Company,
has been reported. The efforts of the agent are inducing entries of lands. A number of
small lots of logs, cut from lands fraudulently entered under the homestead law, have
been found here and there in the vicinity of the Sabine River.
In Michigan several cases of timber trespass have been reported, amounting to
19,111,946 feet. One persou pleaded guilty of unlawfully taking 50,000 feet of tiniber
from government land, and was fined the sum of $300 by the United States district
court.
Information has been received stating that Canadians are crossing the national bonn-
dary and lumbering extensively on the government lands in the Marquette district and
on the shores along Lake Huron. Several cases of heavy depredations on the public
timber are now being investigated by our agent.
*
2 FOR
18
TIMBER DEPREDATIONS.
In Minnesota the efforts of the government have been directed toward the investi-
gation of timber trespasses committed several years ago, some of which have been set-
tled without litigation, by the payment of stumpage to the amount of $2,634.87, which
amount has been covered into the Treasury. Many cases of old trespass, involving a
large amount of timber, are still pending in the United States court. Seven cases of
recent trespass, reported by the agents, to the amount of 336,792 feet of timber, are
being adjusted.
It has been reported that trespass to the extent of 15,000,000 feet of timber has been
committed upon the unsurveyed public lands located with half-breed scrip, the tres-
passers not having first complied with the conditions of the law in regard to locating
such scrip.
Extensive trespassing has been reported along our northern national
boundary line, where large quantities of lumber and a great number of ties for the
Canadian Pacific Railroad Company have been taken and shipped across the line into
Manitoba. How to arrest it is a grave question, in view of the great distance of the
localities from the United States courts.
In Mississippi it has been found, from observations made by United States deputy
surveyors in their connection with efforts made to suppress timber depredations, that
in the southern part of the Stace, wherever it was found profitable to cut and remove
government timber, it has been universally done. For more than twenty years the
work of spoliation has been carried on, until now there is not a stream in the State
emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and large enough for floating logs the banks of
which have not been denuded of all their valuable pine timber.
The operations of the agent have been seriously interrupted by the prevalence of
yellow fever and the establishing of quarantine. The State laws are such that it is
extremely difficult to secure evidence necessary to the successful prosecution of trespass
cases.
Ninety-seven thousand one hundred and sixteen logs are reported as unlawfully cut
upon public lands on the banks of the Hobolochitto, Red, and Black Creeks, and suits
have been instituted for the recovery of the value of the timber and the punishment
of the trespassers.
Report is made of trespass covering a large acreage of public timber lands by box-
ing the trees thereon for turpentine purposes.
In Missouri, extensive timber trespassing in Camden County and along the whole
region of the Osage River has been reported, and will be investigated at an early day.
It is estimated that last year 500,000 railroad ties were cut and rafted through the
'Osage River, a large proportion of which were cut from government lands pre-empted
for the sole purpose of obtaining the timber thercon.
In Oregon, civil actions for timber trespass are pending in the courts, and one to
the amount of $10,500.
In Washington Territory, extensive depredations upon the public timber arc re-
ported, and the agent is actively engaged in a thorough investigation preparatory to
instituting suits. In cases where suits have been instituted, judgment has been ren-
dered in favor of the government to the amount of $2,951.50. Stumpage to the amount
of $543.48 has been paid to the government.
In Wyoming and Utah, as well as Colorado, the manufacture of ties obtained from
government lands and the sale of them to the Union Pacific and other railroad compa-
nies has become a great monopoly, one contracting party alone having cut and deliv-
ered thousands of railroad ties so obtained, from which they have realized vast sums
of money. Numerous parties have had recourse to the unsurveyed public lands bor-
dering on the tributaries of the North Platte River, and from the public lands in the
one region bordering on the French and Brush Creeks no less than 1,000,000 railroad
cross-ties have been taken. The sum of $20,267.19 has been paid into the United
States Treasury, in settlement for 810,687 railroad ties unlawfully taken from the pub-
lic lands. Mill owners and charcoal companies in Wyoming have been reported as
trespassing heavily on the public timber, and one very extensive lumber and charcoal
company is reported as having cut during the last season more than 1,000,000 feet of
timber, and consumed nearly 80,000 cords of wood in the manufacture of charcoal, much
of which timber was obtained from the government lands. In one small section of
this Territory the United States deputy surveyor reports 200,000 cords of wood,
1,000,000 feet saw-logs, 40,000 fence poles, and 80,000 cross-ties as having been taken
within a few years.
One suit pending at the last term of the United States court in Wyoming has been
settled by the departinent, and none have since been instituted.
Parties seem disposed to cease trespassing where there is a probability of detection;
otherwise it would be carried on as extensively as ever.
In Utah the cutting of public timber is carried on to a large extent, but mostly for
domestic and mining purposes.
From Wisconsin, letters were received early in the past fiscal year, stating that pub-
lic timber trespassers were becoming so numerous that honest lumbermen could not
TIMBER DEPREDATIONS.
19
compete with them, and that the evasion of the homestead law for the purpose of se-
curing a color of title, under which timber is taken, was the worst feature they had
to contend with, as nine-tenths of the homestead entries were made for the purpose of
stripping the land of its timber.
In view of these facts, special attention has been paid to timber trespass in this
State. Many new cases of trespass have been reported, involving 13,257,624 feet of
logs, 767 cords of wood, 1,100 railroad ties, and 50 cords of tan-bark; 2,156,319 feet of
logs and 262 cords of wood have been delivered to the special agents on demand.
A large number of persons have been indicted, and many suits are now pending in
the courts. The sum of $3,363.08 has been covered into the United States Treasury on
account of timber depredations.
In all cases where the agents could trace the logs cut by any trespasser upon public
lands into the possession of any mill company or lumber speculator, they have notified
said company or speculator that the government would hold them responsible for the
logs, or the value thereof, until the cases against the trespassers should be legally dis-
posed of.
Reports from the agents and others show that while trespassing upon public timber
lands in this State has been extensively carried on for a number of years past, the ma-
terial has changed hands so often and the trespasses committed so long ago, it would
be very difficult to prove any cases now. Even in trespass cases of later years, it is
very difficult to collect sufficient evidence, as many of the saw-mill owners are, or have
been, connected with the trespassers upon public timber lands, and have agreed among
themselves not to disclose anything; and information has been received that the woods
have in several places been set on fire in order to destroy evidence.
Four special agents are endeavoring to obtain testimony sufficient to sustain the
suits now pending, and are collecting evidence of new trespass cases for the purpose of
instituting suits. There is no difficulty in ascertaining the fact that large quantities
of timber have been unlawfully cut from the public land, as the agents report that at
least 105,000,000 feet of logs are now collected in booms in the Wisconsin River, but it
is difficult to ascertain when and by whom they were cut, and just what portion of
them were unlawfully taken from public lands.
In the turpentine orchards of Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi, much injury results
to the public timber by reason of frequent fires which either kill the trees or burn them
so badly around the boxes that in a high wind they readily break and fall.
After the yield of turpentine has become exhausted, cattle owners sometimes spread
fire ad libitum over the forests, and in one such instance by the raging of the fire for a
single night more than a million pine stumps remained from what had been so many
valuable pine trees before being boxed for turpentine purposes, no less than half of
which were on government lands.
Reports have been received of wanton destruction by fire in public timber forests
on the mountain slopes of Utah. In one case, 10,000 acres on unsurveyed land were
thus destroyed. In the broken sections of country where there is much fallen timber,
and no water, it is difficult to stay the progress of these fires. There are many theo-
ries as to their origin, some stating that they spread from campers' fires, and others
asserting that proof can be adduced that they are the work of men using large quan-
tities of fence poles, who deliberately set fires in the best groves, in order to deaden
the timber and make it light and easy to haul away. If the fires are often repeated,
the result will be serious in its climatic influences, and especially will the snows,
which now often lie till August, become melted in June, and so destroy the value of
the mountain streams thus swollen for irrigating purposes.
The powers of the department are so enfeebled by the limited appropriations for
detecting and punishing timber trespassers that but little of the plunder and destruc-
tion of the timber on the public domain can be arrested. There is great necessity for
more prompt and vigorous action than the government has heretofore taken for the
protection of its interests.
The work during the past fiscal year of the special division of this office having
charge of the business arising under the efforts of the department to investigate and
suppress timber depredations is thus stated:
Letters received....
Letters written..
Covering pages in letter record
1,229
735
553
20
LEGISLATION RELATING TO FORESTRY.
•
RECENT STATE AND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION HAVING
REFERENCE TO FORESTRY.
In the Forestry Report for 1877 (pages 200-214) the principal State
and Territorial laws for the encouragement of tree-culture and timber-
protection were presented. In Kansas and Nebraska, States in which
sylviculture is a subject of acknowledged importance, laws for encourage-
ment by way of bounties had already been passed, and after a few years
of trial had been repealed; in the former State by direct act, and in the
latter by constitutional amendment.¹
Within the past year, Iowa, which has been for many years promi-
nently interested in forest-tree planting, has also repealed a portion of
its bounty law, so far as it allowed the Boards of Supervisors to increase
the premium offered for tree-planting to a sum not exceeding an annual
exemption from taxation of $500 per acre. These seemingly retrograde
movements appear to indicate that in a too earnest zeal for the promo-
tion of a much-desired object, the legislators of former years had ex-
ceeded the limits which a well-considered law should have fixed, and
that the laws now repealed afforded opportunities for pretended claims
which had no merit to support them, and which, if allowed, would operate
unjustly against other classes of taxable property.
This subject of protection and encouragement is one from which we
can draw no information from European practice or precedent. It is
peculiarly an American idea, and can only be settled by carefully ob-
serving the operation of our laws, and profiting by the errors which they
bring to light. There are some very zealous advocates for tree-planting
who insist that the profits of the enterprise are sufficiently ample of
themselves to stimulate effort without further reward. Others would
offer a limited exemption from taxation, either to the full value of the
land planted or to the increased value that it may acquire by reason of
planting. We consider the latter, for the present, a safe rule, and, in
regions where there is no climatic or other obstacles to the growth of
trees, a sufficient encouragement.
But instances will occur in all countries where exceptional difficulties
may involve extraordinary expense, and where the public welfare may
demand an outlay even much above the value of the land, as occurs in
the panting of sand-dunes and in the prevention of eroding torrents.
In such cases the governments of Europe have sometimes granted con-
siderable subsidies for the improvement of private lands, on the plea
of public necessity, and with a due sense of justice to the rights of all.
These facts only tend to show that general rules often have their ex-
ceptions, and that what may be desirable in one section of the country
may be unwise in another.
In order to learn, as far as possible, the reasons for the retrograde legis-
lation upon tree planting in Iowa, we addressed a special circular to the
County Auditor (who is also clerk of the Board of Supervisors) of each
county in that State, asking information in reference to the amount of
planting that had been done under the act of 1868, as well in forest as
in fruit trees and hedges, and, so far as known, the reasons that had led
to the recent change.
The Constitution of Nebraska, adopted in 1875, while it forbids the exemption of
private property from taxation, provides in section 2, article 9, as follows:
*
*
"The legislature may provide that the increased value of lands, by reason
of live fences, fruit and forest trees grown and cultivated thereon, shall not be taken
into account in the assessment thereof."
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
21
From the replies received we subjoin the following, as expressing a
variety of opinions (mostly adverse to the theory of granting bounties
for encouragement), and a considerable amount of statistical information
upon this subject which has not hitherto been collected:
RESULTS AND OPINIONS UPON THE SUBJECT OF TREE
THE SUBJECT OF TREE PLANTING
UNDER STATE BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
APPANOOSE COUNTY.-No advantage has been taken of the laws for
encouragement of tree planting, as the county is well timbered, and coal
abundant. (J. B. Maring, Auditor.)
AUDOBON COUNTY.-The following statement is correct as to total
exemption, but in some cases the distinction between forest and fruit
trees could not be determined:
1875
1876..
1877..
1878.
Total..
Fruit trees. Forest trees.

$1, 754
$5,925
9, 945
10, 800
14, 870
12, 290
13, 360
9, 438
42, 929
38, 453
The first exemption was made in 1875.-(Thomas Walker, Auditor.)
BENTON COUNTY.-The following exemptions have been allowed dur-
ing the last five years, on account of forest and fruit tree planting in this
county:
1874.
1875.
1876.
Forest trees. Fruit trees.
$114, 600
$51, 400
158, 800
59, 500
181, 400
85,300
152, 604
49, 100
153, 086
40, 200
1877
1878..
The correspondent says: "As far as I am advised, persons plant
forest trees solely to evade payment of tax, and give the ground just
the necessary care in order to get the exemption provided by law. Our
Supervisors have not provided for any additional exemption."-(E. M.
Evans, Auditor.)
CASS COUNTY.—About 2,000 acres or $200,000 worth exempted anun-
ally by reason of planting forest trees, and 1,200 acres or $60,000 on
account of fruit trees. No further exemptions or deductions provided
by Board of Supervisors.-(Wm. Crisman, Auditor.)
CEDAR COUNTY.-The tax-payers in this county have not generally
availed themselves of the law of 1868. In the year 1873, $410,000 was
exempted. In the other years, from 1868 to 1878, the exemptions were
trifling. From $8,000 to $9,000 a year have been exempted on account
of fruit trees. In 1875 and 1876, the Supervisors made further allow-
ances for hedges only, amounting to about $12,000 each year, but for no
other years than these.
As to the results following the act of 1868, the correspondent says: "I
do not think the law stimulated the planting of trees in the least. Sharp
practices followed to secure the exemptions, especially by railroad com-
panies and speculators who held large tracts of unimproved lands.
They sent men with spades and switches, and stuck them down upon
22
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
their lands, and claimed exemptions on account of tree culture, and in
some cases were successful-a technical compliance, while the spirit of
the law was violated. This led to the repeal of the law at the last session
of the legislature."-(Moreau Carroll, County Auditor.)
CLAY COUNTY.-The records of this county do not show the facts for
which inquiry was made. The reply says: "I can state, however, that
there are over 1,500 acres of trees planted in this county since the pas-
sage of the act of 1868. A great many frauds were practiced under the
law, and for several years our Board of Supervisors has refused to allow
any exemptions under that part of the act that was repealed last winter.
I think what little tree-planting that has been done has proved a benefit
as regards the climate, as the winter storms are not nearly so severe as
they were nine years ago. Another benefit is found in the increase of
rainfall, which I think has been brought about by the growth of trees.
There are a great many groves of from one to five acres that are 20 to
25 feet high-the growth of five to eight years—and I think they exert
a marked influence upon the climate."-(Ackley Hubbard, Auditor.)
CLAYTON COUNTY.-Almost half of this county having been originally
timbered, no exemptions have been claimed, and no planting has been
done in forest trees. About $5,000 a year has been exempted on account
of fruit trees.—(M. Garber, Auditor.)
DELAWARE COUNTY.-The assessments being made only on every
alternate year, the exemptions are then generally claimed. The follow-
ing amounts have been deducted in these assessment years:
1869.
1871..
1873.
1875
1877.
Forest trees. Fruit trees.
$8, 275
$2,300
7, 475
5, 900
6, 875
10, 090
8, 300
13, 749
6, 150
11, 695
J. B. BOGGS, Auditor.
FAYETTE COUNTY.-The earlier records of planting under the exemp-
tion law in this county were lost in a fire.
five years are as follows:
The statistics for the last
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
Acres forest Acres fruit
trees.
trees.
Exemption
allowed.
4311
5991
$1,067 50
4667
5233
996 50
2441
266
535 00
3231
499
872 00
363
4461
834 00
In 1876 some of the Assessors did not return exemptions. No further
encouragement has been offered by the Supervisors on account of plant-
ing fruit trees.-(James H. Lakin, Auditor.)
HARDIN COUNTY.-No distinction was made in the records of this
county between forest and fruit trees when the amounts were carried
forward and summarized in the tax books. The total exemptions during
six years were as follows:
1873.
1874.
1875..
$12,028
54, 685
88,624
1876..
1877
1878.
$69, 102
100, 324
67,493
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
23
The auditor remarks: "So far as my observation may go, I would say
(and I have resided in this State since 1855) that the law did not fulfill
the expectations of its friends. I know of no parties in this county who
have engaged to any considerable extent in the cultivation of trees for
timber, and many persons buy fruit trees and plant them, thenceforth
leaving them to the tender mercy of circumstances. The leading idea
of such men is to escape the payment of so many dollars in taxes. The
frequent abuse of the law, both in letter and spirit, undoubtedly caused
the repeal of the last section, and will, I think, sweep the remainder
from the statute book in a few years. Acres and acres of fine young
growing timber are annually dug up and cleared away, and its loss is
not near counterbalanced by the amount planted. I sometimes wish we
had a stronger government that could and would regulate these matters.
I have especial reference to the belts of native timberlying along the water
courses in this county. Hundreds of acres of our timbered lands have been
converted into corn and wheat fields, which, if left undisturbed, after the
timber has once been cut off, would produce a growth suitable for fuel
or fencing every twelve years. My response to your interrogatories is
somewhat desultory, but my meaning is:
"1. That some steps ought to be taken to preserve to some extent
native forests.
"2. That the exemption law of 1868 gave but a slight impetus to
tree-planting and cultivation as such.
"3. That farmers who derive nearly all the advantages from the sec-
ond section of the law, after a trial of ten years, raise less fruit than
persons owning but a lot or two in the towns."-(Stephen Whited, Auditor.)
HENRY COUNTY.-The average exemption in this county, on account
of forest-tree planting, has been about $3,000, and for fruit trees about
$2,000 per annum. No further allowances were made by the Super-
visors. The inducements for planting have been less in this county, on
account of its being naturally well timbered. It is an old settled county,
and improvements had been made, including some planting, before the
law was passed. It has been held by the Supervisors "that where such
planting is made, the individual derives the benefit from it, and that the
value of the land is enhanced by the planting; therefore, this should be
taken into consideration before exempting." There have been but few
claims made. "Our experience here is that the law of exemption does
but little, if anything, towards the encouragement of tree-planting, as
the parties giving the most attention to it do not claim the exemption,
and those who are indifferent to planting do not seem to have been
stimulated by the act.”—(R. M. Lebew, County Auditor.)
IDA COUNTY.-The records having been burned (January 12, 1876),
exact returns cannot be made of earlier date. As to the general result,
it is said, "the experience of our Board of Supervisors justifies them in
the opinion that forest culture in our county would advance as rapidly
without as with the exemption laws. Almost without exception all who
would plant and cultivate trees for the exemption would do so with-
out it."(W. V. Evans, Clerk of Board.)
JEFFERSON COUNTY.-No exemptions have been allowed in this
county on account of forest-tree planting, as almost a fourth of the
county is well supplied with natural forests. About $4,000 to $5,000
have been allowed as exemption on account of fruit trees. With refer-
ence to the native timber, the opinion is expressed, as that of some of
the oldest settlers, and others who should be well informed upon the
subject, that there is equally as much now as there was when the county
was first settled. Timber that was small at an early day is now grown
24
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
to good-sized trees, so that it would appear that the natural growth of
the forests had been commensurate with the needs of the county.-(San-
ford M. Boling, County Auditor.)
KEOKUK COUNTY.-No exemptions on account of fruit or forest trees
have ever been allowed in this county. Some claims were presented
under section 798 of the Code of Iowa, but they were entirely disregarded
by the Board of Supervisors.-(T. F. McCarty, County Auditor.)
LEE COUNTY.-The average exemption on account of fruit trees has
been about $300; none for forest-tree planting.-(J. C. Blackburn, County
Auditor.)
LUCAS COUNTY.-Perhaps $1,000 worth of exemptions have been
claimed, first and last, on account of forest-tree planting, and perhaps
$2,000 for fruit trees. "The opinion is quite prevalent in this part of
the country, that any law exempting fruit trees from taxation is a hum-
bug, as well as that exempting forest trees.”
MARION COUNTY.-No specific and separate record has been kept of
the exemptions from taxation on account of forest or fruit tree planting
and cultivation in this county. When exemptions are marked upon the
books returned by Assessors, the Auditor (who is clerk of the Board of
Supervisors), in making up his books, reduces the value of the real es-
tate in accordance with the amount returned as exempt, and that is all
there is about it. The county is naturally well watered, and the streams
and rivers have belts of timber of considerable extent. There are, how-
ever, two or three townships in which the natural growth is deficient,
and quite a number of small groves have been planted, but none more
than one or two acres in extent, and generally less, being only intended
for wind-breaks about a house or barn. No groves have been planted
in the county with the idea of getting a supply of timber for fencing or
or fuel. The trees planted for screens are without exception cotton-
wood or soft maple; of late generally the latter. Although settled since
1843, fuel is still plenty at a low price ($2 a cord). Another reason why
there is little attention given to planting is that coal is very plenty and
cheap, being 6 cents the bushel delivered.—(C. H. Robinson, County
Auditor.)
MONONA COUNTY.—Before 1873 the amount of exemption was small
and the records are not at hand for giving details. The amount sepa-
rately allowed for fruit trees cannot be readily ascertained without going
over the Assessor's books; but it has never been large. For both forest
and fruit trees the total exemption has been in recent years as follows:
1873.
1874
1875.
$35, 135 1-76.
35, 057
1877
41, 525 1878.
$27,850
41, 263
46, 553
Various changes have been made in the law, but the reasons for these
are not known. Many have held that the law benefited the large farm-
ers, who had plenty of land to spare for timber, to the injury and in-
creased taxation of small farmers, who had no land to spare for that
purpose. No further exemptions have ever been voted by the Board of
Supervisors in this county on account of tree-planting.-(John K. McCas-
key, County Auditor.)
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.-About $15,000 per annum have been ex-
empted from taxation during the last five years in this county by reason
of forest tree planting, and about the same amount for fruit trees, and
an equal sum for hedge culture.-(L. M. Thompson, County Auditor.)
MUSCATINE COUNTY.- No exemptions worth reporting have been
claimed in this county, as there is a sufficient supply of native timber,
and the farmers have paid no attention to the law.
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
25
1
PAGE COUNTY.-The average exemption on fruit trees in this county
for the last ten years has been $18,000 a year, and on forest trees $23,000,
counting the fruit trees at $150 and the forest trees at $100 to the acre.
The exemption on fruit trees for the year 1878 is $36,750 and on forest
trees $46,700. The reason why the act of 1868 was partially repealed
and the act of 1872 passed in lieu thereof was to prevent any person
from having all his property exempted from taxation. We had cases
where a man planted trees to such an extent that they had no taxes to
pay except State tax. Under the acts of 1872 and 1878 they cannot
have but one-half the value of their real estate exempt and nothing on
personal property. The Board does not allow any exemption on hedges
or shade trees planted. "I think the law good for our prairie country,
as it cucourages the farmers to plant forests and set out orchards."—(W.
M. Alexander, Auditor.)
POTTOWATTAMIE COUNTY.-The Auditor of this county says, as to the
result of the law of this State, of 1868, in regard to the planting of forest
trees: "A party owning 160 acres of land, which would be assessed at
from $5 to $8 per acre, would go the creek or river bottoms and plow out
a load of cottonwood sprouts, and plant out a few acres by planting a
strip around his farm for a wind break, thereby exempting his land from
any tax; and it is a matter of record in this county, where one party
had planted more trees (which, if he had an exemption for them) than
the assessed value of his farm property, and he had the cheek to ask
the Board of Supervisors to pay him the difference in cash ”!
The exemption was $83,362 in 1876; $108,900 in 1877, and $99,770 in
1878.
"My own experience teaches me that the law was a fraud. I know a
party who planted in 1868 40 acres of forest trees on a 40 lot of land
that was absolutely worthless, and now the growth has made in ten
years quite a heavy body of timber. His ten-year limit has expired,
and the land is and has been assessed for the last few years at a very
high price, and it is like a 'white elephant' on his hands."—(John Bennett,
Auditor.)
SAC COUNTY. "The laws of Iowa enacted previous to 1873 were all re-
arranged and embodied in the code of 1873, passed at an adjourned ses-
sion of the fourteenth General Assembly. The sections to which you
refer [Forest-tree and fruit tree planting], became in the new code sec-
tions 798 and 799. Section 798 relates to the exemption which the State
grants, of $100 for an acre of forest trees, and $50 for fruit trees, and
remains in full force, but with a limitation as to area which they can ex-
empt. Section 799 gave the Board of Supervisors power to grant addi-
tional exemptions for all purposes except State taxes, and the exemption
could be obtained by making affidavit before the Auditor. This section
was wholly repealed by the act of March 16, 1878. I believe the reason
for the repeal was the abuse taken of the law by individuals who were
willing to make oath to what was not strictly true. At any rate, ex-
emption was claimed under it, and given, too, when it never should have
been, and I think the Legislature did a wise thing to repeal section 799
of the code of 1873."
From imperfection of records, the number of acres exempted cannot
be readily given. From 1878 it was 974 acres for forest trees. The
amount of property exempted under section 798, through a series of
years, has b en as follows:
1871
1872.
1873.
1874.
$7,500
15,000
1875.
1876
24, 350
1877
43, 830 | 1878..
$33, 310
77,920
87,660
97, 400
26
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
Probably but very few set artificial timber in 1870, as the population
has mainly come in since that time. The number of acres of fruit trees
claimed in 1878 was 268 acres. Value of property exempt under section
798, $13,400, decreasing in arithmetical progression from 1870.
The Board of Supervisors have given an additional exemption of $250
per acre on forest trees less than three years old. Also the same ex-
emption for half miles of hedge, or shade trees along the highways; and
also the same exemptions for fruit trees.
"My own experience of nearly six years on the prairies of Sac County
tells me this, that timber can be grown very readily and rapidly. The
climate is very severe on some varieties, but nearly all that are indige-
nous to our latitude thrive. People generally have set out timber more
for shelter and exemption than for the wood itself. As shelter has been
given, more attention is bestowed upon varieties valuable for timber.
The interest is, I think, increasing, and a few years will dot our beauti-
ful prairies with thrifty groves. This county is very destitute of natural
timber, and all our fuel and building material comes from abroad.”—(A.
D. Peck, Auditor.)
SCOTT COUNTY." The claims for exemption from taxation on land
in this county are very few. Small tracts have been planted by farmers
only, and in the aggregate amount to little. I am not aware of any
claims for exemption on account of planting forest trees in this county.
What led to an amendment of the law on the subject I have not heard.
It was a law which concerned this county very little."—(T. Winkless,
Auditor.)
SIOUX COUNTY.-The number of acres of forest trees returned for ex-
emption in 1877, was 425. There is no record of the fruit trees; prob-
ably 25 acres would cover the amount in the county.-(J. E. Wyatt,
Auditor.)
STORY COUNTY.-Although the law allowing exemption from taxa-
tion on account of forest trees and orchards planted was passed in 1868,
yet but litle attention was paid to it until 1871, for which year and
since, the following exemptions have been allowed':
1871
1872
1873
1874.
1875
1876..
Forest trees. Fruit trees.
$8, 275
$11, 675
15, 500
24, 100
32, 550
32,500
36, 350
37, 685
60, 175
43, 475
50, 350
31, 875
70, 700
42, 400
69, 400
51, 550
1877
1878
It
No extra exemptions have been offered by the Supervisors. "There
can be no question but that this law of our State has greatly stimulated
the planting of forest trees, and orchards too. Many, by taking advan-
tage of the law, have very largely reduced their taxes, and at the same
time have enhanced the value as well as the beauty of their farms.
will be understood that the exemptions do not include any trees planted
prior to the passage of the law of 1868. This county has a population
of near 18,000, and an area of 576 square miles, and I doubt not is about
an average county in this State as regards wealth, population, and the
matter under discussion. The reason why as much benefit has not ac-
crued to our county from the operation of the law as there should have
been, is from the fact that, in planting forest trees, those of quicker
growth were almost entirely planted, to the exclusion of those of slower
growth, and hence hardier and more valuable. The soft maple very
largely predominates on almost every farm. This tree has but little to
RESULTS OF TIMBER BOUNTIES IN IOWA.
27
recommend it besides its rapid growth. That the law has stood for ten
years on our statute books, is sufficient to show its popularity with the
people generally. If advantage could be taken of its popularity by induc-
ing planters to set out a better class of trees, such as ash, walnut, &c.,
much good would thereby be accomplished. Such trees as are good for
shade or wind-breaks are those usually planted, and are infinitely better
for firewood, lumber, &c."-(John R. Hays, Auditor.)
WASHINGTON COUNTY. "I do not know what led to the repeal of
part of the section relating to the exemptions. There have never been
exemptions made in this county under the part repealed. The amount
exempted annually since 1869, has been as follows:
1869
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
-
-
1874.
1875.
1876
1877..
1878.
Total...
Forest trees. Fruit trees.
$2,325
6, 075
$6,250
8, C50
7,050
4, 575
12, 550
7,225
8,700
13, 274
13, 900
22, 100
22, 176
25, 257
27, 148
30, 857
27, 808
31, 631
28, 622
32, 533
$156, 354
$182, 352
I

D. T. PALMER, Auditor.
WAYNE COUNTY.-The annual amount of exemption since 1868, in
this county, has been 125 acres, and of fruit trees, 445 acres.
The re-
peal of the law of 1868 will have no effect on tree planting in this county,
as most of the farmers plant for wind-breaks and for the looks of the
thing. Many people do not claim any exemption-in fact whole town-
ships have claimed none. The Board of Supervisors have never made
any further exemptions in this county. Most of the forest trees planted
are maples, which are of quicker growth than almost any other kind
except the cottonwood, and are preferable to it.-(Thomas Elden, Au-
ditor.)
WORTH COUNTY.-The exemption for forest trees in 1878 was $35,000,
and for fruit trees $2,900; for former years the amount cannot be read-
ily given, as all classes of exemptions are combined. "The wisdom of
the forest and fruit exemptions in our State is not apparent to me. The
change of 1878, as far as this county is concerned, amounts only to a
point gained in the interest of those setting out trees. While the measure
was claimed to reduce exemptions by limiting them to the 160 acres on
which the trees were planted, has had an opposite effect in applying it
in this county."-(O. D. Eno, Auditor.)
The present law in Iowa, with notes as to changes, &c., will be found
on a subsequent page.
ALABAMA.
AN ACT to prevent the wrongful cutting, boxing, or girdling of pine trees, for the purpose of obtain
ing crude turpentine. Approved February 13, 1879.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Alabama, That any person who
knowingly and willfully and without the consent of the owner, enters upon the lands
of any person or corporation, or upon lauds belonging to the State, and cuts, girdles,
or boxes any pine tree for the purpose of obtaining crude turpentine, is guilty of a
misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, must be fined not more than five hundred
dollars, and may also be imprisoned in the county jail, or sentenced to hard labor for
the county, for not more than six months.
SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That all laws and parts of laws, so far as they conflict
with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed.
28 SPAULDING'S TIMBER
TIMBER SCALE AS LEGALIZED IN CALIFORNIA.
CALIFORNIA.
Scale for the measurement of logs, established in California by Legislative enactment.
An act approved March 28, 1878, legalizes the following table, known as "Spaulding's Table for the
Measurement of Logs":
Diameter in
inches.
Contents in feet (board measure) for the different lengths in fect given at the head of cach
column.



12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
10...
38
41
44
47
50
53
57
60
63
G6
69
72
76
11
47
51
-
55
59
63
67
70
74
78
82
86
90
94
12
58
62
67
72
77
82
87
91
93
101
106
111
116
13.
71
76
82
88
94
100
106
112
118
124
130
136
142
14
86
93
100
107
114
121
129
136
143
130
157
164
172
15
103
111
120
128
137
145
154
163
171
180
188
197
200
16
121
131
141
151
161
171
281
191
207
211
221
231
242
17
141
152
104
176
188
199
211
223
235
246
258
270
282
18.
162
175
189
202
216
229
243
250
270
283
297
310
324
19
184
190
214
230
245
260
270
291
306
322
337
352
368
20
207
224
·
241
258
276
293
310
327
345
362
379
396
414
21
231
2.50
269
288
308
327
346
365
385
404
423
412
462
99
253
277
298
320
341
302
384
405
426
448
469
490
512
282
305
329
352
376
399
423
4-16
470
493
517
540
564
24
309
334
360
387
412
437
463
489
515
540
566
592
618
2.5
337
365
393
421
449
477
505
533
561
589
617
645
674
20
366
396
427
457
488
518
549
579
610
640
671
701
732
27
396
429
462-
495
528
561
594
627
660
693
726
759
792
23
427
462
498
533
569
604
640
676
711
747
782
818
851
20
459
497
533
573
612
650
688
726
765
803
841
879
918
30..
402
533
574
615
656
697
738
779
820
861
902
943
984
31..
526
569
613
657
701
745
789
832
870
920
904
1,008
1,052
32
561
607
654
701
748
794
841
888
935
981
1,028
1, 075
.
1, 122
33
597
646
696
746
796
845
895
945
995
1, 014
1, 094
1, 144
1, 194
3-1
634
686
739
792
845
898
951
1, 003
1,056
1, 109
1,
162.1, 215
1,215
1, 268
35
673
729
785
841
897
953
1,000
009
1,065
1, 121
1, 177
1, 233
1, 289
1,346
36
713
772
831
891
950
1,010
1, 069
1, 128
1, 188
1, 247
1, 307
1,366
1,426
37
755
817
880
943
1, 006
1, 069
1, 132
1, 195
1,258
1, 321
1,384
1, 447
1, 510
33
798
864
931
997
1,064 |
1, 130
1, 197
1,263
1,330
1,397
1,454
1,
1, 529
1, 596
39
843
913
983
1, 053
1, 124
1. 194
1, 264
1, 334
1,405
1, 475
1, 463
1, 615
1, 686
40
889
963
►
1, 037
1, 111
1, 18.5
7
1
1,259
1, 333
1,407
1, 481
1, 555
1, 629
1,703
1,778
41
936
1, 014
014
1,092
1, 170❘ 1, 248
1, 326
1, 404
1, 482
1, 560
1,638
1,716
1, 716
1,794
1, 872
42
983
1, 066
1, 148
1, 230 1, 312
1, 394
1, 476
1, 558
1, 040
1,722
1, 804
1, 886
1, 968
43
1,033
1, 119
1, 205
1,291
1, 377
1,463
1, 549
1, 635
1, 721
1, 807
1,893 | 1, 979
2, 066
44
1, 086
1, 176
1,267
1, 357
1,448
1, 538
1, 629
1,719
1,810
1, 900
1,991 2,081
2, 172
45
1, 134
1,228
1,323❘ 1, 417
1, 512
1, 606
1, 701
1,795
1,890
1,984 | 2,079 2, 173
2,268
46
1,186
1,284
1, 383
1, 482
1, 581
1,680
1,779
1,877
1,976 | 2,075
2, 174 | 2,273
2, 372
47
1, 239
1,342
1, 445
1, 548
1, 652
1,755
1,
1,858
1, 961
2,065 2, 168
2,271
2, 374
2,478
48
1,293
1,400
1, 508
1, 616
1,724 | 1,831
1,939 2,047
2, 155 | 2,262
2,370
49
1,348
1, 460
1,572
1,685
1, 685
1,797
1,909
2,022 | 2,134
2,246
2, 385
2,470
2,478
2,582
2,586
2, 696
50
1,404
1, 521
1,638
1,755
1,872 1, 989
106
2, 223
2, 340
2, 457
2, 574❘ 2, 691
2,808
51
1, 461
1, 582
1,701
1, 826
1, 948
2,069
2, 191
2, 313
2, 435
2,556 2, 678 | 2,800
2, 922
52
1, 519
1, 645
1,772
1,898
2,025
2, 0252, 151
2,278
2,405
2, 531
2,657 2,784 2,911
3,038
53
1, 578
1, 709
1, 841
1,972
2, 104 | 2,235
2,367
2,498
2, 498
2, 630
2,761 | 2,893
3, 024
3, 156
54
1,638
1, 774
1,911
2,047
2, 184
2, 184 2,320
2, 457
2, 593
2, 730
866 3,003
3, 139
3,276
55
1,700
1, 841
1,983
2, 125 |
2,266 | 2,408 | 2, 550
2, 691
2,833
2,974
3, 116
3, 258
3,400
56
1,763
1, 909
2,056
2, 203
2,350
2,497 | 2, 644
2,791❘ 2,938
3,085
3, 232
3, 379
3, 526
57
1,827
1,979
2, 131
2, 283
2, 436 2, 588
2,740
2,892
3,045
3, 197
3, 349
3, 501
3, 654
58.
1,893
2,050
2, 050
2,208
2,366
2,524
2,681
2,839
2, 997
3, 155
3, 312
3,470
3, 628
3,786
59 -
1, 960
2, 123
2,286
2,450
2,450
2,613 | 2,776
2, 940
3, 103
3, 266
3, 429
3,592
3,756
3, 920
60
2,028
2, 197
2,
366
2,535
2,704 | 2,873
3, 042
3, 211
3,380
3, 549
3,718
3,887
4, 056
61
2, 098
2, 272
2, 447
2, 622
2, 797
2,797❘ 2,972
3, 147
3, 321
3, 496
3,
3, 671
3,846 4, 021
1
4, 196
02
2, 169
2, 349
2, 530
2,711
2, 892 3, 072
3,253
3, 434
3, 615
3,795 | 3,976 | 4,157
4,338
A
63
2,241
2, 427
2, 614
2, 801
2,988 | 3, 174
3, 361
3,548
3,735
3, 9214, 108 | 4, 295
4, 482
61
2, 315
2, 507
2,700
2,893
3,086 3, 279
3, 472
3, 665
3,858
4,051
4. 244
4, 437
4, 630
65
2, 390
2, 589
2,789
2,
2, 987
3, 186
3, 385
3, 585
3, 784
3, 983
4, 182
4,38L
4, 580
4, 780
66
2, 467
2, 672 | 2,878
2. 878
3,083
3, 289
3, 494
3, 700
3,906
4, 111
4,316
4, 522
4, 522
4,727
4, 934
67
2, 545
2,757
2,969
3, 181
3,393
3, 605
3,817
4, 029
4, 241
4, 453
4, 665
4,877
5,000
68
2,625
2,843
3,062
3, 281
3, 500
3, 718
3, 937
4, 156
4, 375
4,375 | 4, 593
4,812
5,
5, 031
5, 250
69
2,706
2, 931 3, 157
3, 382
3, 608
3,833
4, 059
4, 284
4, 510 4, 735
4, 961
5, 186
5, 412
70...
2,789
3, 021
3, 253
3, 486
3, 718
3,718 | 3,951
4, 183
4, 415 | 4, 648 | 4,880
5, 113
5, 345
5,578
71
2,874
3, 113
3, 353
3, 353
3, 592
3,592
3,832
4,071
4,311
4,550
4,790
5,029
5, 269
5,
508
5,748
72
2, 960 3, 206
3, 453
3, 700
3, 946
4, 193
4, 440
1
4, 686 | 4, 933
4, 933
5, 180
5, 426 5, 673
5, 920
73
·
3, 047
3, 301
3,555
3, 809
4,062
4, 316
4, 570
4, 824
5,078
74
3, 135
3, 396
396
3,657
3, 657
3, 919 4, 180
4, 441
4,702 | 4,964
5, 225
75
-
3, 224
3, 492
3,761
4, 030
4, 298
4, 567
4, 8305, 104
5, 104 | 5, 372
76
·
3, 314
3, 590
3,590
3,866
4, 142
4, 418 4, 691
4,970
5,246 | 5, 522
77
3, 405
3, 688 3, 972
4, 256
4, 540
4, 823
5, 107
5, 391
5,675
78..
3, 497
3, 778 4, 080
4,371
4, 663
4, 954
5, 245
5,537
5, 329
•
79.
3,550
3,889 4, 188
4, 487
4, 786
5, 085
5,385
5, 684
5, 983
RECENT LAWS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
29
Diameter in
inches.
Scale for the measurement of logs, &c.-Continued.

Contents in feet (board measure) for the different lengths in feet given at the head of each
column.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
80
81..
•
3, 634 | 3,991
4, 298
4, 605 4, 912
|
5, 219
5, 219 | 5, 526
5, 833
6, 140
3,779
4, 094
4, 094
| 4, 408
4,723
5, 038
5, 353
82
5, 668 |
5,
5, 933
6, 298
3, 874
4, 196
4,519
4,842
5, 165
5, 488
5,811
6, 133
6, 456
83
3, 970
4,301 | 4,
4, 631
4, 962
5, 293
5, 624
5,955
84.
6, 285
6, 616
4, 067
4, 406
4,745 |
5,
5, 084
5,423
5, 762
6, 101
6, 440
85
86
6,778
·
4, 165
4, 512
4,859
5, 206
5, 553
5,900
6, 247
6, 594
6, 941
4, 264
4, 619
4,974
5, 330
5, 685
6, 040
6,396
6, 751
7,106
87
4,364 | 4,727
5, 091
5, 455
5,818
6, 182
6, 546
6,909
7,273
88..
4, 465 4,837
5, 209
5, 581
5, 953
6, 325
6, 697
7,069
89
7,441
4, 566 | 4, 946
5, 327
5, 707
6,088
6, 468
6, 849
7, 229
7,610
90 ...
4,668
5, 057
5, 446
5, 835
6, 224
1
6, 613
7,002
7,391
91
7,780
-
4,771
5, 168
5,566
5,964
6, 361
6,750
7, 156
7,554
92
7, 951
4,875
5, 281
5, 687
6, 094
6, 500
6, 906
7,312
7,719
8, 125
93
4,980
5, 395
5, 810
6, 225
6, 640
7,055
7,470
7,885
94
8,300
5,085
5, 508
5.932
6, 356
6,780
7, 203
7,627
8, 051
8.475
95
96
☛
5, 192
5,024 | 6, 057
1
6, 490 | 6, 922
7,355
7,768
8, 220
8, 053
5, 300
5,741 6, 183
6, 625
7,066 | 7,508
7,508
7, 950
8, 391
8, 833
For the measurement of logs of any greater length than indicated in the table, the computation is to
be made in accordance with the table. All logs' are to be measured at the small end, and insido the
bark, and the contents computed according to the above scale, so as to make the survey express the
actual quantity of merchantable lumber. The act does not apply to the counties of Humboldt, Men-
docino, and Del Norte.
AN ACT for the improvement and preservation of the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Tree
Grove. Approved April 1, 1878.
The people of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. The sum of ten thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any
moneys in tlfe State treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be used for the following
purposes, to wit:
For the construction of bridges in the Yosemite Valley, the sum of six thousand
dollars;
For the construction of a wagon-road through and around the Mariposa Big Tree
Grove, the sum of one thousand dollars
For the preservation and improvement of the Yosemite Valley, the sum of two
thousand two hundred and twenty-three dollars;
For the payment of the claim of A. Lancey and W. C. Holmes, the sum of seven
hundred and seventy-seven dollars.
SEC. 2. The Controller of State is hereby authorized to draw his warrant for the sum
of ten thousand dollars, and the Treasurer of State is directed to pay to the Yosemite
Valley Commissioners the sum of ten thousand dollars for the use and purposes speci-
fied in section one of this act.
SEC. 3. This act shall take effect from and after its passage.
CONNECTICUT.
AN ACT concerning the planting of Trees and Tax thereon. Approved March 7, 1877.
Be it enacled &c.: That whosoever shall plant any land in this State not heretofore
woodland (the actual value of which at the time of planting does not exceed fifteen
dollars per acre) to timber trees of any of the following kinds, to wit: chestunt, lo-
cust, hickory, ash, catalpa, white oak, sugar maple, European larch, white pine or
spruce, in number not less than twelve hundred to the acre; and after such plantation
of trees shall have grown on an average six feet in height, the owner of such planta-
tion of trees may appear before the Board of Relief in any town in which such planta-
tion of trees may be located, and on proving the herein-mentioned conditions, such
plantation of trees shall be subject to exemption from all taxation whatever for a
period of ten years next thereafter.
DAKOTA.
Exemption of planted Timber Lands from Taxation.
[From the Revised Code of Dakota, 1877, chap. 28, p. 112.]
SEC. 14. Any one-fourth part of any quarter section of prairie land, the same being
legal subdivision, on which five acres of timber shall be planted, either by sowing seed
30
RECENT LAWS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
or by setting trees or cuttings, and the same to be kept in growing order by cultiva-
tion, and not to be more than twelve feet apart, each way, together with all improve-
ments thereon, not to exceed in value one thousand dollars, and for a period of ten
years from and after the planting of said timber, and any change of ownership of such
land shall in no way affect the exemption from taxation as herein provided.
"15. All improvements made on real property by setting out either forest or fruit
trees, shrubbery or vineyards, which shall not be considered as increasing the value
of the land for purposes of taxation."
The planting of Trees along the Highways.
[From the Revised Code of Dakota, 1877, chap. 29, p. 148.]
SEC. 46. On all public highways of not less than sixty-six feet in width, the owners,
occupants or claimants of adjoining land may use and occupy one rod in width of such
highway adjoining such lands for the purpose of cultivating the growth of timber and
trees thereon: Provided, That the same be kept continuously in good order and under
full timber and tree cultivation.
47. Any person cultivating a hedge upon his land adjoining a public highway and
desiring to fence the same, may place such fence seven feet over and upon such high-
way: Provided, That it do not obstruct the public travel.
Rights of floating Timber and Lumber.
[From the Revised Code of Dakota, 1877, chap. 32, p. 164.]
It shall be lawful for any person having logs or lumber in any stream navigable for
water crafts, in this Territory, to boom such logs or lumber along the shore, and to
secure the boom by means of piles driven in the stream, or by chains, ropes, timber,
or traverse poles, made fast to points along the shore: Provided, That there shall be
at all times sufficient channel left clear for the free passage of any crafts or rafts usually
navigating such streams.
FLORIDA.
AN ACT to regulate the burning of Woods and Forests in this State. Approved March 8, 1879.
The people of the State of Florida represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. That it shall not be lawful for any person to set fire to or burn any wild
forests or woods in this State, except between the 15th day of February, and the 31st day
of March of each year: Provided, That if the County Commissioners of any county in
this State shall determine that the interests of the people of such county will be pro
moted by making the period during which the woods may be burned in such county
different from that provided for in this act, they shall give notice by publication in a
newspaper having circulation in their county, or by posting at three or more conspicu-
ous places, and the time so designated in such notice shall be the time for burning the
woods in such county: Provided further, That any person intending to set fire to any
woods shall give notice of such intention to all persons living within one mile of the
place intended to be fired.
SEC. 2. That any person violating the foregoing provision shall be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceed-
ing one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding sixty
days, or both, at the discretion of the court.
SEC. 3. That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.
IOWA.
The Code of this State, under the head of Revenue (Title VI, chap. 1,
§ 798), as amended March 15, 1878, provides the following exemptions
on account of tree-planting, the recent amendment being in brackets:¹
For every acre of forest trees planted and cultivated for timber within the State,
the trees thercon not being more than twelve feet apart, and kept in a healthy condi-
tion, the sum of one hundred dollars shall be exempted from taxation upon the own-
er's assessment for ten years after each acre so planted: [Provided, That such exemp-
1 The following section of the code was repealed March 1878:
"SEC. 799. The Board of Supervisors may exempt from taxation for any one year,
except for State purposes, an amount not exceeding $500 for each acre of forest trees less
than three years old, planted and suitably cultivated for timber, or for each one-fourth
mile of hedge, or for each one-fourth mile of shade trees along the highway, or for
RECENT LAWS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
31
tion be applied only to the realty owned by the party claiming the exemption, not to
exceed each one hundred and sixty acres of land upon which the trees are grown and
in growing condition.] For every acre of fruit trees planted and suitably cultivated
within the State, the trees thereon being not more than thirty-three feet apart and
kept in a healthy condition, the sum of fifty dollars shall be exempted from taxation
upon the owner's assessment for five years after each acro is planted. Such exemp-
tion shall be made by the Assessor at the time of the annual assessment, upon satisfac-
tory proof that the party claiming the same has complied with this section; and the
Assessor shall return to the Board of Equalization the name of each person claiming
exemption, the quality of lauds planted to timber or fruit-trees, and the amount
deducted from the valuation of his property.
MAINE.
In 1873 an act was passed by the legislature for encouragement of
the growth of trees. (See Forestry Report, 1877, p. 208.)
An amendment of the State constitution, adopted in pursuance of
resolve of February 24, 1875, inserted the following section:
ARTICLE IX. SEC. 9. The Legislature shall never, in any manner, suspend or sur-
render the power of taxation.
This clearly prohibits exemptions of every kind, so far as relates to
future legislation. We are not informed as to whether the question has
been raised as to its application to future claims for exemption under
laws of earlier date.
NEVADA.
"
AN ACT to amend an act entitled "An act to encourage the growth of Forest trees. Approved
March 5, 1877.
Section one of said act is hereby amended so as to read as follows:
SECTION 1. Every person planting one acre or more of land, within ten years
after the passage of this act, with any kind of forest or shade trees, and successfully
growing and cultivating the same for three years, and any person planting, protect-
ing, and cultivating for three years one half mile or more of forest or shade trees
along any public highway, said trees to be planted so as to stand, at the end of three
years, one rod apart, shall be entitled to receive for twenty years, commencing two
years after said grove or line of trees has been planted, an annual bounty of ten dol-
lars per acre for each acre so planted, and ten dollars for each half mile so planted, to
be paid out of the county treasury of the county in which said grove or line of trees
may be situated; such bounty shall not be paid any longer than said grove or line of
trees is cultivated and kept alive and in growing condition.
PENNSYLVANIA.
AN ACT to encourage the planting of Trees along the roadsides in this Commonwealth. Approved
May 2, 1879.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted, &c., That any person liable to road tax, who shall trans-
plant to the side of the public highway, on his own premises, any fruit, shade trees, or
cach acre of fruit trees not more than three years old, and also a proportionate exemp-
tion for one-fourth mile of hedge, or one-fourth mile of shade trees along the public
highway. Such Board, before granting any of the exemptions contemplated in this
section, shall establish rules as to the method of planting and cultivating such hedges
and trees, and the number of the same to the mile or acre, and persons claiming such
exemption shall bring satisfactory proof that such rules have been complied with.
But no person shall have any personal property more than one-half of his real estate
exempted under this and the following sections, nor shall there be any exemption ou
account of nursery trees growing for sale. Any person claiming such exemption may
appear before the Board of Supervisors at any regular meeting, and upon showing to
the satisfaction of said Board that he has complied with the requirements, shall re-
ceive from the County Auditor a certificate, stating the amount of the exemption which
shall be received by the County Treasurer in satisfaction of the taxes exempted."
This repeal being deemed of immediate importance was declared in force on its pub-
lication [March 16-22, 1878].
Statutes of Nevada, 1877, p. 185.
32
RECENT LAWS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
}
fores trees, of suitable size, shall be allowed by the Supervisor of Roads, where roads
run through or adjoin cultivated fields, in abatement of his road tax, one dollar for
every four trees sci out; but no row of elms shall be placed nearer than seventy feet,
no row of maples or other forest trees nearer than fifty feet, except locust, which may
be set thirty feet; and no allowance, as before mentioned, shall be made unless such
trees shall have been set out the year previous to the demand for such abatement of
tax, and are living and well protected from animals at the time of such demand.
SEC. 2. Any trees transplanted to the side of the public highway as aforesaid in
the place of trees which have died shall be allowed for in the same manner and on
the same conditions as in the preceding section.
SEC. 3. No person shall be allowed an abatement of his highway tax as aforesaid
more than one-quarter of his annual highway tax, and no ono shall receive an abate-
ment of tax for trees planted previous to the passage of this act.
SEC. 4. Any person who shall cut down, kill, or injure any living tree planted as
aforesaid shall pay to the Supervisor of Roads as aforesaid fifty cents for each and
every tree cut down, killed, or removed, to be collected as other road taxes are now
collected.
RHODE ISLAND.
AN ACT concerning the planting of Trees and the taxes thereon. Passed April 8, 1878.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly as follows:
SECTION 1. Whenever there shall have been planted one or more acres of land,
worth not more than twenty-five dollars per acre, in this State, not at the time of
planting sprout or woodland, to timber trees of any of the following kinds, viz,
chestnut, hickory, white ash, oak, maple, European birch, pine, or ailanthus, in num-
bers not less than two thousand to the acre, the owner of such plantation of trees
may, after they shall have grown to an average of four feet in height, appear before
the Board of Assessors of Taxes in any town in which such plantation may be located,
and prove the facts above mentioned and specified in reference to such plantation,
and upon such proof, such plantation of trees, and the ground in which they are
growing, shall be exempted from all taxation whatever for a period of fifteen years
next thereafter.
TEXAS.
AN ACT for the better protection of Timber and Lumber. Approved April 7, 1879, to take effect 90
days after adjournment.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas, That any person en..
gaged in floating or rafting timbers upon the waters of any river or creek of this
State shall have a log-brand with which to brand every log or stick that he may float
or haul and put into the waters for sale or market, the same to be distinctly branded.
SEC. 2. That he shall have said brand recorded in every county in which he cuts
any of said timber, and in the county where he proposes to sell or market said tim-
ber, by the County Clerk, in a book to be kept by said clerk for that purpose, for
which said clerk shall receive a fee the same as is by law allowed for recording stock-
brands.
SEC. 3. Any person who floats any logs or timber in this State shall, on the first day
of April, first day of July, first day of September, and first day of January of cach
year, or within fifteen days of such dates, make a written report under oath showing
the number of logs cut or floated during the next preceding three months, the survey
or surveys of land from which they were cnt or carried, and the number cut from
each, and a description of the brand placed thereon, and shall file the same with the
County Clerk of the county in which the timber was cut, and such clerk shall record
the same in a book kept for that purpose aud index it, and receive therefor the sum of
fifty cents from the party presenting the same: Provided, This act shall not apply to
pickets, posts, rails, or firewood.
SEC. 4. That a certificate, under the hand of the County Clerk, containing a descrip-
tion of a log-brand a..d the name of the owner thereof, with a transfer on the back of
it signed and acknowledged by such owner, or proved as other instruments for record,
shall be prima-facie e, idence that the person to whom the transfer is made owns the logs
described thereon.
SEC. 5. That any person who shall buy or sell any timber or log floating, or that has
been floated, in this State, before the same has been branded, shall be guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than ten dollars for each log
or piece of timber so purchased, sold, or traded for. That any person who shall float
any unbranded log or timber for market, or who shall fail to make the reports required
by this act, or any person who shall brand any log or timber of another without his
authority, or any person who shall deface any brand on any log or timber otherwise
RECENT LEGISLATION IN STATES AND TERRITORIES.
33
than when it is in the act of being sawed or manufactured into lumber or other com-
modity for use in building, or any person not an employé of the owner who shall, with-
out the written consent of the owner, take into possession any branded or unbranded
log or timber cut for floating or sawing, or any sawed timber, lumber, or shingles float-
ing in any of the waters of this State, or deposited upon the banks of any river or
stream in this State, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction,
shall be punished by fine, not exceeding two hundred dollars for each offense. That
by "lumber" is meant lumber attached or bound together in some way for floating,
and not loose lumber; and by "shingles" is meant shingles in bunches or bundles,
and not loose shingles.
SEC. 6. The courts of the county in which the timber or lumber was deposited in the
water, or in which it is unlawfully taken into possession, or unlawfully defaced, sold,
purchased, or branded, as the case may be, shall have jurisdiction of the violation of
the act or omission complained of, or constituting an offense under this act.
SEC. 7. That the near approach of the end of this session creates an imperative pub-
lic necessity that the rule be suspended requiring this bill to be read on three several
days, and it is therefore suspended.
Right of Eminent Domain in respect to Timber taken for Macadam and Plank Roads, Rail-
roads, Causeways, and Bridges.
I. AS TO MACADAM AND PLANK ROAD CORPORATIONS.
[Revised Statutes of Texas, 1879, p. 102.]
ART. 612. If any such corporation shall require for the construction or repair of its
road, or any bridge thereof, any stone, timber, or other material from land adjoining
to or near said road, and cannot contract for the same with the owner thereof, such
corporation may proceed to have the value of the same assessed, and the same proceed-
ings shall be had therefor as is provided by law to be taken by railroad corporations
in like cases; and all macadam or plank road corporations shall have the right also to
condemn in like manner and occupy any quantity of land, not exceeding one acre at
any one place, for the purpose of erecting toll-houses thereon.
II. AS TO RAILROADS.
[Revised Statutes of Texas, 1879, p. 601.]
ART. 4167. Each such corporation shall have the right of way for its line of road
through and over any lauds belonging to this State, and to use any earth, timber,
stone, or other material upon any such land necessary to the construction and opera-
tion of its road through or over said land.
Any materials, except fuel and wood, necessary for the construction of a railroad
may be taken by appraisal from private owners. (Art. 4178.)
III. AS TO CAUSEWAYS AND BRIDGES.
[Revised Statutes of Texas, 1879, p. 631.]
ART. 4419. When to the overseer it may appear expedient to make causeways and
build bridges, the timber most convenient therefor may be used; but in such case the
owner shall be paid out of the county treasury a fair compensation for the same, to be
determined by the Commissioner's Court upon the application of such owner.
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
AN ACT to encourage the planting and growing of Timber in the counties of Stevens and Whitman.
Approved October 27, 1877.¹
SECTION 1. Be it enacted, &c., That the Board of Commissioners of the respective
counties of Stevens and Whitman2 are hereby required, at their May meeting, A. D.
1878, and at each regular spring term thereafter, to exempt from taxation, except for
Territorial purposes, the real or personal property of each tax-payer who shall, within
the county, within such year, plant and suitably cultivate, or, having within such year
or the preceding year planted, shall suitably cultivate one or more acres of forest trees
'Laws of Washington Territory, 1877, p. 411.
2 These counties occupy a vast area in the northeastern part of the Territory, lying
north of Lewis Fork or Snake River and east of the Columbia.
3 FOR
34
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
for timber, to an amount not exceeding three hundred dollars: Provided, That said
Board may fix the minimum number of trees which shall be grown upon each acre.
SEC. 2. Any person claiming the benefit of such exemption may appear before the
Board of Commissioners of the county, at any regular meeting, and, upou making proof
by sworn evidence showing to the satisfaction of said Board that he has complied
with the requirements which entitle him to such exemption, he shall receive from the
Clerk of the Board a certificate stating the amount of exemption, which shall be re-
ceived by the County Treasurer in satisfaction of the taxes exempted.
SEC. 3. All acts in conflict with this are hereby repealed.
SEC. 4. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage.
WYOMING TERRITORY.
AN ACT to encourage the growth of Timber and Fruit Trees. Approved December 14, 1877.
Ee it enacted, &c.:
SECTION 1. That there shall be exempt from taxation of the property of each tax-
payer who shall, within the territory of Wyoming Territory, plant and suitably culti-
vate one or more acres of forest trees for timber, the sum of two hundred dollars an-
nually for five years for each acre so planted and cultivated: Provided, That the trees
on said land shall not exceed twelve feet apart, and shall be kept in a healthy and
growing condition.
SEC. 2. That there shall be exempt from taxation of the property of each tax-payer
who shall within the Territory plant and suitably cultivate one or more acres of fruit
trees, the sum of one hundred dollars annually for five years for each acre so planted
and cultivated: Provided, That the trees on said land shall not exceed thirty-three
feet apart, and shall be kept in a healthy condition.
SEC. 3. Persons claiming the benefit of such exemption shall, at the time of making
the annual assessment, upon showing to the satisfaction of the Assessor of the county
in which he resides that he has complied with sections 1 and 2 of this act, be entitled
to have deducted from the valuation of his property by said Assessor the amount as
hereinbefore stated: Provided, That there shall not be an exemptiou from taxation of
the property of any person owning less than one hundred and sixty acres of land of
more than five hundred dollars; nor shall more than five acres of land, planted aud
cultivated as hereinbefore provided, be taken into the account for every one hundred
and sixty acres of land by any person, which said five acres shall be in part of the
tract of land for which the exemption is claimed; and it is hereby made the duty of
said Assessor to make return to the Board of County Commissioners of his county the
name of each person claiming exemption, the quantity of land planted to timber or
fruit trees, and the amount deducted from the valuation of his property: Provided,
That there shall not be an exemption from taxation of the property of any person
owning less than forty acres of land.
SEC. 4. If any person claiming exemption under the provisions of this act shall feel
himself aggrieved by the decision of the Assessor in the rejection of his claim, then
the said owner or applicant may apply to the Board of Commissioners of his county,
at their regular meeting, to have the same corrected in the same manner as other
erroneous assessments.
SEC. 5. That persons without real estate, and living on homesteads under the act of
Congress, shall be allowed for each acre of timber, under this act, one hundred dollars
exemption from taxation annually for five years.
SEC. 6. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA AND THEIR PRODUCTS.
From a pamphlet by Charles Mohr, of Mobile, published in 1878, con-
taining also an article upon the grasses and other forage plants of
Alabama, we derive the following information:
The 50,000 square miles which make up the area of this State were originally a
nearly unbroken forest, it may be said up to the end of the first quarter of this cen-
tury, with the exception of a comparatively small area of prairie land and grassy
savannas in the southern portion of its center. According to the latest statistics,
seven-eighths of this forest are still existing, amounting to 20,630,963 acres, some of it
culled of its largest timber growth, but the greater part in its virgin state, scarcely
touched by the axe. One-half of the lands owned by the farmers are yet woodlands. The
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
35
heaviest timbered lands are found in the southern part of the State, within the great
maritime pine belt, where the forest area amounts to 66 per cent.; in the central
counties, situated in the prairie region, and embracing the cotton belt, it amounts to
45 per cent.; in the broken monnsainous part, embracing the mineral region, and ex-
tending to the waters of the Tennessee River, to nearly 70 per cent.; and in the
northern part, with the rich agricultural land in the Tennessee Valley, to 60 per cent.
According to the distribution of the prevailing trees, determined by climatic intlu-
ences, the nature of the soil, and the topographic features of the country, the forests
of this State present three characteristic regions. Distinct as they are by peculiar
features, their boundaries cannot be defined by a distinct line-one region passing al-
most imperceptibly into the other.
The first or lower region is formed by the great pine belt of the Gulf coast-the
continuation of the immense pine forest which extends from the eastern bank of the
Mississippi to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers the southern part uninter-
ruptedly from east to west, and extends from 100 to 150 miles into the interior. This
area is almost exclusively occupied by coniferous trees-the undulating dry and sandy
uplauds entirely by the Long-Leaved or Yellow Pine (Pinus australis), the most im-
portant, while most valuable, of our timber trees, which arrives here at its greatest
perfection. On the lands more level, and with a substratum more retentive of moisture,
it is accompanied by the Pond Pine (P. serotina) and the Loblolly, or Old Field Piue (P.
Elliottii). Following the sandy and gravelly deposits of the drift, the limits of that
formation determine the northern boundary of the pine region proper. A growth of
pine trees, however, prevails wherever the silicious constituents of the drift soil mingle
with the outcrops of the tertiary strata. This is the great timber region of the State.
Traversed centrally and towards the east by the numerous tributaries of the Escan-
bia River, a large share of its products find an outlet in Pensacola; westwardly, the
Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers, with their affluents, offer an access to the sea by the
port of Mobile; while a small portion along the western boundary line of the State,
by the eastern tributaries of the Esquatawba River, is attracted to the mills and
wharves along the Pascagoula River. The products of this forest of Yellow Piue
assume, with every year, a greater importance to the business of the Gulf ports; and
their exports from the seaport of this State, entering only since the beginning of this
decade in competition with its neighbors, show a steady and rapid increase in the
production and export of sawed lumber, square timber, spars, shingles, and particu-
larly in the receipt of naval stores.
*
1 The maritime pine here noticed should not be confounded with the Pinus pinaster
or maritime pine of Europe.
The reports of the Mobile Board of Trade and other sources of information give
the following imperfect statistics of the shipment of lumber from that port for several
years, as follows:
Exportation of Lumber from Mobile in recent years.

Foreign.
Domestic.
Total.
Years.
Feet.
Value.
Feet.
Value.
Feet.
Value.
1805-'66.
1866-'67
2,877, 775 | $100, 722
2, 165, 703
43, 314
624, 587
4, 158, 269
1807-'68
2,635, 560
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
2, 009, 853
2, 153, 603
1, 499, 000
2, 471, 819
36, 897
28, 138
32, 304
21.769
1, 402,036
$21, 860
83, 165
19,628
3, 502, 364
$122, 528
6, 323, 972
126, 479
4, 037, 596
56, 525
2, 508, 445
1, 706, 066
35, 118
25, 592
4, 518, 295
63, 256
3,859, 669
57, 896
33, 753
1872-'73
-
4, 921, 769
70, 733
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-78
4,053, 835
7, 246, 535
9,974, 527
11, 113, 506
14, 550, 276
56, 238
3, 694, 486
10, 941, 021
135, 113
1,888, 212
11, 862, 739
136, 483
2,440, 247
13, 553, 753
173, 265
5, 501, 774
17, 052, 050
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
36
In these sums the quantities required for home consumption are not included. If
those, and the quantities of sawed lumber and squared timber derived from the pine
belt within the confines of our State, and which are exported from Pensacola, so far
the chief center of the lumber business on this coast, are considered, the amounts
given above will certainly be doubled. Lastly, with the exhaustion of the yellow-
pine forest that encircled Pensacola Bay, and of those in convenient reach upon the
coast of continental Florida, a very large quota of the saw-logs are drawn from Ala-
bama by the tributaries and headwaters of the Escambia and the Perdido Rivers.
The re-
The average height of the yellow pine in the virgin forest is from 60 to 70 feet,
with a diameter of 12 to 18 inches for two-thirds of its height. It is of slow growth,
particularly at the later periods of its life. According to the number of annual rings,
trees of the above dimensions must have reached an age of 60 to 70 years.
production of a tree from the seed, furnishing an equal supply of timber, would at
this rate take two generations. It is a poor seeder, as the younger Michaux observed.
In unfruitful years, a forest of hundreds of miles may be ransacked without finding a
single cone, and these, according to my observations, are far more frequent than fruit-
ful ones.
In its struggle for existence in our days, the odds of a survival of its kind
among the arborescent vegetation that disputes its ground are greatly against it.
Taken from the flat and moist lands, and it is replaced almost exclusively by the
pond and old-field pine; the hilly, broken, dry upland, denuded of the grand old pine
forest, is with surprising rapidity covered by a dense and scrubby growth of black-
jack, turkey oak, scarlet and upland willow oak, above which seldom a young pine
raises its head, crowned with its large white-fringed terminal bud.
Full of resiuous juices through all stages of its life, the young trees are not as able
to withstand the raging fires that annually devastate the woods as the less resinous
species and the deciduous-leaved trees; besides that, being of much slower growth,
this noble tree is doomed to extinction if not protected by the aid of man. On tracts
sheltered from the invasion of fire, groves of young trees from 15 to 25 feet high can
Lumber Shipments to Foreign and Coastwise Ports from 1874-75 to 1878–79 (feet).
Cuba.
England..
Liverpool
Great Britain
France
Hayti
Holland
Italy
Jamaica.
Germany
Other ports.
Total..
Ports.
FOREIGN.
1874-'75.
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
1, 378, 707
295, 989
442, 340
346, 219
1,442, 442
1, 441, 151
4,364, 537
2,752, 325
654, 122
2,996, 004
246, 426
316, 589
240.000
952, 871
227, 660
407, 626
738, 026
598, 164
541, 413
134, 116
249, 344
469, 593
717, 474
155,848
1,401, 152
2,532, 340
490, 543
1, 105, 492
2,080, 680
1, 932, 411
120, 642
2,598, 520
1, 245, 505
326, 111
2,092, 500
190, 108
2,261, 983
1, 195, 792
1,000
1, 485, 284
319, 453
3, 266, 343
7,246, 535
9, 974, 527
11, 113, 506
9, 071, 664
9, 348, 713
Value in 1877-'78, $119,887. 26; in 1878-'79, $129,011. 37.
New York.
Boston
Philadelphia
New Bedford.
Texas
Providence.
Pensacola
Other ports.
Total...
Cedar logs.
Shingles.
Staves
COASTWISE.
2, 134, 929
240, 824
193, 440
330, 793
625, 529
688, 484
279, 924
463, 482
473, 758
371, 166
269, 453
450, 500
362, 361
340, 960
324, 136
167, 947
255, 500
93, 491
650, 017
941, 611
597, 888
299, 500
50,000
232, 185
149, 000
320, 371
3, 694, 486
63,000
36,000
1, 888, 212
173, 853
80,000
446, 210
81, 259
2, 440, 247
2, 501, 774
1,662, 832
OTHER FOREST PRODUCTS.

2,253
40, 398, 000
68, 411
2, 253
530,000
35, 098, 000
68, 411
120, 052
703, 702
3, 710, 300
131, 435
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
37
be observed around Mobile, testifying that its existence for the future can in some
measure be secured if protected from these destructive influences, unnecessarily caused
by man. The utmost efforts by an enlightened community should be made through
active and efficient State legislation, without further delay, to guard against the calam-
ity of a total destruction of such a magnificent estate intrusted to the hands of our
people. Besides its contributions to the manifold necessities of the agriculturist, the
builder, in naval architecture, the construction of railroads, the arts, medicine, and
the innumerable smaller demands of domestic economy, and the varied industries of
the world, the influences of this great pine belt upon the climatic conditions and the
salubrity of this coast, are even of more far-reaching importance to the interest of the
community at large, extending far out of its confines. Rearing its horizontally, out-
spreading limbs high up in the atmospheric ocean, their brauches densely clothed with
the long, slender leaves, the forests of these trees present to the canopy of heaven, for
many hundreds of square miles, an unbroken sheet of perpetually active vegetation,
whose forces at such an altitude affect a constant attraction of the fleeting clouds, caus-
ing them to deposit their life-giving and supporting humidity in grateful showers over
To this fact is due the
a large area with wonderful regularity during all seasons.
delightful climate of this part of our country, equalizing its temperature, particularly
in tempering the rigors of the long summers of a region near the tropics.
During the great progress in meteorological science of late years, the fact has been
established that in their exercise upon the conditions of the atmosphere, as regards the
precipitation of its moisture, the pine trees stand unrivaled amongst all other trees of
the forest. Robbed of this protection, the hills and the plains of the Gulf region,
now blooming and clothed with the richest verdure, would be arid and parched, pre-
senting as forbidding and austere an aspect as those of the denuded coasts of Africa
along the Mediterranean Sea, devoid of productive power and unfit for the habitation
The efforts of nature
of civilized man, smarting under the scorching rays of the sun.
are ever directed to recuperation in its aims to insure the existence of different forius
of the living organisms from generation to generation. To secure to our posterity the
blessings enjoyed by us in its bounty in assisting these efforts, as directed by her laws,
is a stern duty imposed upon us. Its discharge in the prevention of a wanton destruc-
tion of our forests and the adoption of measures regulated by the light of science, com-
mon sense, and the proper regard to the future of our State, should engage the atten-
tion of every intelligent and patriotic citizen, appealing particularly to the owners of
the soil. Of little importance to agriculture and industry are the other species of pines
found in this region. Of considerably smaller dimensions than the yellow pine, and of
On account of
a soft and sappy wood, they have, as timber trees, but a small value.
their rapid growth they are, however, important resources of fire-wood and of a lum-
ber of inferior quality, fit for ordinary purposes, as the manufacture of boxes, &c.
Next to the Yellow Pine in importance follows the Cypress-Taxodium distichum. It
grows in great abundance on the perpetually overflowed bauks of, and in the marshes
skirting, the rivers in the tide-water region, as well as the deep inundated swamps in
the pine region, from which issue the feeders of the innumerable creeks that water
the pine belt. Here it reaches gigantic dimensions-trunks from 100 and more feet in
height and from 25 to 40 in circumference above the conical base are frequently met
with in the forest swamps of the Tensaw River. Logs of 3 to 4 feet in diameter are
often floated down to the shingle yards and saw-mills of Mobile. Its lumber finds a
variety of application. It is mostly sawed into plauks for exportation, latterly iu
increasing quantities; much of it is used in the manufacture of doors, window-sashes,
and other cabinet work, and in that of shingles. For posts it is scarcely rivaled, re-
sisting the action of water for ages.
The Juniper-Cupressus thyoides-is gaining, of late years, with the manufacture of
wooden ware, the attention which, by the excellent quality of its wood, it deserves.
This fine tree is found in great perfection in the low land skirting our great rivers, and
in the large forest swamps of the low pine barrens, preferring a partially inundated soil.
Soft, light, easily worked, of a fine grain, admitting of high finish and pleasing hue,
when well seasoned its wood offers the finest material, particularly for the manufact-
ure of hollow ware. This industry, lately established in Mobile, is capable of great
development, as, by the inexhaustible supply of timber within easy reach, such goods
can be made cheaper here than in any other part of the United States.
The excel-
The Live Oak-Quercus virens-has ceased to be a source of timber here.
lent qualities of its wood, particularly fitting it for ship-building, has, like every-
where else on the Gulf coast, led to a rapid destruction of the stately groves that ex-
tended along our sea-shore. It is only by the effort of the owners of the land, who
have a love for that which is grand and lovely in nature, that these beautiful and
noble trees will be preserved, and not cease to form one of the most pleasing features
in the landscape of our coast.
The Black-jack, Turkey Oak, Spanish Oak, Upland Willow Oak, and a more or less
scrubby growth of Black and Red Oaks, with a sprinkling of Hickory, form the sec-
ond growth on the denuded dry pine land. These furnish the supply of hard wood
38
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
F
fire-wood. The growth of these trees on the poor-looking lands is indeed surprising,
forming, after fifteen or twenty years, when protected from fire, fine large groves.
The Water Ash, growing with the Sweet Bay and Juniper in the low inundated
swamps, must be mentioned as one of the trees furnishing much of the fire-wood.
The light, yet tenacious, wood of the Sweet Bay is much used for broom-handles.
The grand and sober monotony that characterizes the pine forest finds a pleasant relief
in the thickets and glades of evergreen shrubs and various smaller trees which fringe
the water-courses and swamps. The Red Bay, Sweet Bay, Sweet Gum tree, Wax
Myrtle, with a dense growth of the ti-ti, interspersed with Dahoons, Hollys, and Red
Maple, intwined by a variety of climbers and vines-thorny, like those belonging to
the different kinds of Smilax, adorned with flowers, as the Yellow Jessamine, the
graceful Wistaria, and peculiar Cross-vine-form impregnable thickets; the home of
the wild cat, the panther, and the bear. The lands above high water, in the maritime
plains of the pine region, with a soil richer in vegetable mold, are the home of the
lofty Magnolias, the Live Oak, Water Oak, associated with the Pound Pine. These
are called "hammock lands." They harbor an undergrowth of shrubbery unsur-
passed in variety and beauty. There the Sweet Illicium, the Calycanthus, or spice
shrub, are found, with rich-blooming Andromedas, Blueberries, Azaleas, and the gor-
geously-blooming Kalmia, or sheep's laurel. There the fragrant Storax shrubs, the
delicate Halesia, and Fringe Tree, with the Cyrilla, Suartia, and Clethra unfold their
snowy flowers, with many others, delighting the eye, by the richness of their bloom,
from the earliest beginning of the spring to the end of the summer, offering a lasting
feast to the bee, which, for the largest part of the year, is here found to gather the
sweet treasures distilled in the flowery cups. As a honey-producing country this dis-
trict can be scarcely rivaled.
Where the limestones and the marls of the tertiary and cretaceous formation begin
to prevail, free from the cover of sandy drift soil, the second forest region of the State
is entered. Here the evergreens give way to the largely preponderating trees with
deciduous leaves, and the pine is confined to the poor ridges and thinnest soils. The
forest growth is originally interrupted by more or less extensive savannas. The Post-
Oak covers, in extensive tracts, the stiffer calcareous soils. White Oaks, the Overcup
Oak, and the Willow Oak, with Ash trees, Elms, Walnuts, and Hickories cover the richer
black lands, composing fine woods, full of useful timber of large dimensions. As a
timber region for export, it has yet no importance; only a limited quantity of oak
staves reach the seaboard by the Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers. The richest agricul-
tural districts of the State are embraced in these regions. At its northern limits it
borders upon a deposit of drift, which traverses the State from northwest to south-
east, four to five miles wide at its southern, reaching gradually towards its northern
end a width of thirty to thirty-five miles. Like the great coast pine belt, it is covered
with an almost continuous forest of the Yellow Pine, whose products so far serve only
to supply the demand of the surrounding country.
Beyond this drift belt, in the eastern half of the State, the generous red lands of
the metamorphic region are covered, where not deprived of it by cultivation, with
magnificent oak forests. Here, at an altitude of from 800 to 1,200 feet above the level of
the Gulf, the types of a Southern vegetation are missing, but the occurrence of the
Water and Willow Oak, the Overcup and Spanish Oak, as well as the frequency of
large yellow pines, which cover the crests of the elevated rocky mountain ranges and
the more barren hills with a rocky, silicious soil, still impress on this region a southern
character. The latter tree is replaced, gradually, towards the north, by the short-
leaved pine, Pinas mitis, which furnishes, in the upper district, a great part of the
lumber of excellent quality. The more sterile and broken mountainous country, east
and west, embracing the mineral lands of the State, is covered with dense forests of
Black and Red Oaks, the smooth Hickory, sparsely intermixed with scrub pines. In
the more elevated ranges, the mountain Chestnut Oaks and the Chestnut tree prevail,
the latter rapidly dying out. The numerous fertile valleys are harboring fine woods,
composed of trees delighting in a richer soil.
The third and most northern sylvan region of the State begins with the limestone
formation of the Tennessee Valley. Species of the woody vegetation characteristic of
the lower latitudes are no more seen, or when met with, as dwarfed stragglers. The
Maples, the tall Hickories, the stately Elms, Walnuts, Wild Cherry, Hackberries, Nettle
trees, with shady groves of Beech, make up the forest growth, bearing the same char-
acter as the forest flora of the western declivity of the Appalachian Mountains, south
of the Ohio River. The southern Magnolias are represented by the Umbrella Tree, the
Cucumber Tree, and the mighty White Poplar or Tulip Tree.
¹ Cliftonia ligustrina, Banks.
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
39
List of Forest Trees and Shrubs found in Alabama.¹
MAGNOLIACEE.
Illicium Floridanum (Ellis), Sweet Illicium,
e. s., C.
Magnolia grandiflora (L.), Magnolia, 1. e.
t., C. to Cen.
glauca (L), Sweet Bay, e. t., C.
macrophylla (Mx.), Long-leaved
Magnolia, d. sm. t., L. to Cen.
Fraseri (Walt.), Southern Cucumber
tree, d. 1. t., L. to Cen.
acuminata (L.), Cucumber tree, d. 1.
t., L. to U.
Magnolia umbrella (Lam.), Umbrella tree,
d. m. t.
cordata, (Mx.), Yellow-flowered Mag-
nolia, d. s. t.
Liriodendron tulipifera (L.), Tulip tree,
Poplar, L. to N.
ANONACEÆ.
Asimina triloba (Dun.), Pawpaw, s. m. t.
or s.
parviflora (Dun.), sm. s., C.
CAMELLIACEÆ.
Gordonia Lasianthus (L.), Loblolly Bay,
c. t. or s., C.
Stuartia Virginica (Cav.), s., C. to N.
TILIACEÆ.
Tilia Americana (L.), Basswood, Linden,
L. to N.
RUTACEE.
Zanthoxylum Carolinianum (Lam.), South-
ern Prickly Ash, sm. t. or s., C. to
Cen.
MELIACEÆ.
Melia Azedarach (L.), Chinaberry Tree, 1.
t. introduced, L.
ANACARDIACEÆ.
Rhus typhina (L.), Common Sumac, s., C.
to N.
glabra (L.), s.
copallina (L.), s., C. to N.
venenata (D. C.), Poison Elder, s.,
C. to N.
toxicodendron (L.), in varieties,
Poison Ivy and Oak, E.
aromatica (Ait.), C. to N.
VITACEÆ.
Vitis (cissus) incisa (Nutt.), e. s., C.
bipinnata (T. & G.), d. s.,
C. to Cen.
æstivalis (L.), Summer Grape, C.
to N.
vulpina (L.), Bull Grape: Musca-
dine, C. to N.
labrusca (L.), Fox Grape, N.
Ampelopsis Virginica (Mx.), Virginia
Creeper, C. to N.
RHAMNACEE.
Berchemia volubilis (D. C.), Suple Jack, cr.
8.. C.
C.
Sageretia Michauxii (Bron.), e. s.,
Rhamnus lanceolatus (Pursli.), Buckthorn,
d. s., C.
parviflorus (Buck.), sm. t., C.
Frangula Caroliniana (Gray), s.m. t.,
CELASTRACEE.
C.
Euonymus Americanus (L.), Strawberry
Bush, sm. s., C. to N.
atropurpureus (Jacq.), Spindle Tree,
1. s., C. to N.
STAPHYLEACEE.
Staphylea trifolia (L.), Bladder Nut, sm.
s., N.
SAPINDACEE.
Aesculus Pavia (L.), Buckeye, s., L.
parviflora (Walt.), s., Cen. to U.
ilora (Ait.), Yellow Buckeye, sm. t.
or s., C. to U.
ACERACEÆ.
Acer saccharinum (Wang.), var. nigrum,
Black Sugar Maple, 1. t., L. to N.
dasycarpum, (Ehr.), Silver Maple,
1. t., N.
rubrum (L.), Red Maple, sm. t., Cen.
to N.
Negundo aceroides (Mch.), Ash-leaved Ma-
ple, sm. t., N.
LEGUMINOSE.
Amorpha fruticosa (L.), s., C. to N.
herbacea (Walt.), s., C.
The following abbreviations are used in this list:
As to habit of growth, &c.:
cl.-climber.
cr.-creeper.
d.-desiduous.
e.-evergreen.
s.-shrub.
t.-tree.
sm.-small.
As to distribution:
C.-Coast.
Cen.-Central.
Com.-Common.
E. Everywhere.
L.-Lower.
N.-North.
U.-Upper.
1.-large.
m.-medium.
40
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
List of Forest Trees and Shrubs found in Alabama-Continued.
LEGUMINOSE-Continued.
Robina pseudacacia (L.), Locust, t., Com.
E.
viscosa (Vent.), Red flowering Locust,
N.
Wistaria fruticosa (D. C.), cl., C. to west-
ward.
Erythrina herbacea (L.), sm. s., C.
Gleditschia triacanthos (L.), Honey Locust,
t., Com.
monosperma (Walt.), sm. t., N.
Cercis Canadensis (L.), Redbud, sm. t.,
L. to N.
ROSACEAE.
Chrysobalanus oblongifolius (Mx.), Deer
Plum, sm. s., C.
Prunus Americana (Mar.), Large or Red
Plum, sm. t., Ceu. to N.
umbellata (Ell.), Southern Bullace
Plum, C.
Chicasa (Mx.), Chickasa Plum, C.
serotina (Ehr.), Wild Cherry, 1. t.
to N.
Caroliniana (Ait.), Mock Orange,
sm. t., C.
Spirea opulifolia (L.), Nine Bark, sm. s.,
Cen.
Neviusia Alabamensis (Gray), sm. s., Cen.
Rubus trivialis (Mx.), Southern Dewberry,
C. to N.
villosus (Ait.), Blackberry, Com. E.
Rosa lævigata (Mx.), Cherokee Rose, C.
lucida (Ehr.), Dwarf Wild Rose, U.
dist.
Carolina (L.), Swamp Rose, Cen.
to N.
Crataegus apiifolia (Mx.), sm. s., Cen. to
U.
parvifolia (Ait.), sm. s., C.
spathulata (Mx.), sın. s., Cen.
tomentosa (L.), var. Mollis. (Gr.),
sm. s., L. to N.
flava (Ait.), Summer Haw, sm.s.,
L. to Cen.
æstivalis (T. & G.), Apple Haw, s.,
L. to Cen.
arborescens (Ell.), Дaw, L. to U.
Pyrus arbutifolia (L.), var. erythrocarpa,
Chokeberry, sm. s., C. to N.
var. melanocarpa, Cen. to N.
Amelanchier Canadensis, var. botryapium,
Service Berry, sm. t., Com. E.
CALYCANTHACEÆ.
Calycanthus floridus (L.), Spice Bush, S.,
C.
lævigatus (Willd.), s., L.
SAXIFRAGACEÆ.
Itea Virginica (L.), s., C.
Hydrangea arborescens (L.), s., Cen. to N.
radiata (Walt.), s., L. to Cen.
quercifolia (Bart.), s., Cen.
Philadelphus inodoratus (L.), Syringa, s.,
Cen. to U.
Decumaria barbara (L.), cl. s., C.
HAMAMELACEE.
Hamamelis Virginica (L.), Witch Hazel,
1. s., C. to N.
Liquidamber styraciflua (L.), Sweet Gum,
t., Com. E.
ARALIACEE.
Aralia spinosa (L.), Angelica Tree, s. to
sm. t., Com. E.
CORNACEÆ.
Cornus florida (L.), Dogwood, sm. t., Com.
E.
Nyssa
sericea (L.), Silky Dogwood, s., L.
to N.
stricta (Lam.), s., Cen. to N.
asperifolia (Mx.), s., Cen.
multiflora (Wang.), Black Gum, 1. t.,
Com. E.
aquatica (L.), Black Gum, 1. t.,
Com. E.
unifora (Walt.), Swamp Tupelo,
sm. t., L. to U.
CAPRIFOLIACEÆ.
Symphoricarpus vulgaris (Mx.), sm. s., N.
Sambucus Canadensis (L.), sm. t. or s.,
Com. E.
Lonicera sempervirens (Ait.), Trumpet
Honeysuckle, C.
Viburnum nudum (L.), Whiterod, s. or
sm. t., C. to N.
prunifolium (L.), Elackhaw, s. or
sa. t., L. to N.
lentago (L.), L. tỏ N.
acerifolium (L.), Arrow-wood, U.
dentatum (L.), U.
RUBIACE.
Cephalanthus occidentalis (L.), Button
Bush, Com. E.
ERICACEÆ.
Gaylussacia dumosa (T. & G.), Dwarf
Huckleberry, sin. s., C.
frondosa (T. & G.), High Huckle-
berry, C.
Vaccinium arboreum (Mar.), Farkleberry,
sm. t. e., C. to U.
myrsinites (Mich.), sm. s. e., C.
tenellum (Ait.), sm. s., C.
corymbosum (L.), Swamp Blueberry,
C. to N.
Andromeda nitida (Bart.), sm. s., C.
ligustrina (Muhl.), sm. s., C. to N.
Leucothoë axilaris (Don.), sm. s., C.
racemosa (Gr.), sm. s., C.
Oxydendrum arboreum (D. C.), Sorrel
Tree, sm. t., C. to N.
Clethra alnifolia (L.), White Alder, s.,
to N.
C.
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
41
List of Forest Trees and Shrubs found in Alabama-Continued.
ERICACEE-Continued.
Kalmia latifolia (L.), Calico Shrub, s., C.
to N.
hirsuta (Walt.), Wicky, sm. s., C.
Azalea viscosa (L.), White Honeysuckle, s.,
C. to N.
nudiflora (L.), Pink Azalea, C. to N.
AQUIFOLIACEÆ.
Ilex opaca (Ait.), Dolly, e. sm. t., L. to W.
Cassine (L.), Youpon, s. e., C.
Dahoon (Walt.), e. t., C.
decidua (Walt.), s., C.
amelanchier (Curt.), s., Mountains.
glabra (Gr.), Inkberry, s., C.
coriacea (Chap.), l. s., C.
verticillata (Gr.), Black Alder, sm. s.
STYRACACEE.
Styrax pulverulenta (Mx.), sm. s., L. to N.
grandifolia (Ait.), smn. s., L. to N.
Americana (Lam.), sm. s., Moun-
tains.
Halesia diptera (L.), Snowdrop Tree, sm. t.
L.
tetraptera (L.), Silverbell Tree, sm.
t., Cen. to U.
Symplocos tinctoria (L. Her.), Sweet Leaf,
sm. t., C.
CYRILLACEE.
Cyrilla racemiflora (Walt.), sm. t., C.
Cliftonia ligustrina (Banks), Ti-ti, sm. t.,
C.
EBENACEE.
Diospyros Virginiana (L.), Persimmon, t.,
Com.
SAPOTACEE.
Bumelia lycicides (Gert.), sm. t., C. to N.
lanuginosa (Pers.), sm. t., C. to N.
BIGNONIACEE.
Catalpa bignonioides (Walt.), Catalpa, 1.
t., U. dist.
Tecoma radicans (Juss.) Trumpet Fine, cl.,
Com.
Bignonia capreolata (L.), Crossvine, cl.,
Com.
OLEACEA-Continued.
Fraxinus platycarpa (Mx.), Water Ash,
sm. t., L.
Americana (L.), White Ash, 1. t.,
to N.
L.
t., N.
quadrangulata, Blue Ash, 1. t.,
pubesceus (Lam.), Red Ash, 1. t.,
L. to N.
POLYGONACEÆ.
Brunnichia cirrhosa (Banks), cl., L. to
Cen.
LAURACEÆ.
Persea Carolinensis (Nees.), Red Bay, e.
t., L. to N.
Sassafras officinale (Nees.), Sassafras, Com.
Lindera Benzoin (Meis), Northern Spice-
wood, N.
Tetranthera geniculata (Nces.), Pond
Spices, U. dist.
THYMELEACEE.
Disca palustris (L.), Leather Wood, s., L.
to M.
EMPETRACEÆ.
Ceratiola ericoides (Mx.), e. s., C.
URTICACEE.
Ulmus Americana (L.), Red Elm, 1. t., Cen.
to N.
fulva (Mx.), Slippery Elm, t., L. to N.
alata (Mx.), Wahoo, sun. t., L. to U.
Planera aquatica (Gmel.), Planer Tree,
sm. t., Cen. to U.
Celtis occidentalis (L.), Hackberry; Nettle-
tree, 1. t., L. to N.
Mississippiensis (Bosc.), sm. t., C.
Morus rubra (L.), Mulberry, sm. t., U. dist.
Broussonetia papyrifera (Vent.), Paper
Mulberry, t., native of E. Asia.
Maclura aurantiaca (Nutt.), Osage Orange,
sm. t. ; introduced from Arkansas.
PLATANACEÆ.
*
Platanus occidentalis (L.), Sycamore, 1. t.,
Com.
VERBENACEÆ.
Callicarpa Americana (L.), French Mul-
berry, s., Com.
OLEACEE.
Olea Americana (L.), Devil Wood, sm. t.,
C.
Chionanthus Virginica (L.), Fringe Tree,
sm. t., C.
JUGLANDACEÆ.
Carya alba (Nutt.), Shell-bark Hickory,
1. t. N.
tomentosa (Nutt), Mocher Nut, 1. to,
L. to H.
olivæformis (Nutt.), Pecan Nut, 1. t.,
Cen. to U.
Juglans nigra (L.), Black Walnut, 1. t.,
L. to N.
cinerea (L.), Butternut, 1. t., L to N.
42
THE FORESTS OF ALABAMA.
live oak.
chestnut oaks. white oaks.
black or red oaks.
List of Forest Trees and Shrubs found in Alabama-Continued.
CUPULIFERÆ.
Quercus alba (L.), White Oak, 1. t.,
Cen. to N.
obtusiloba
(Mx.), Post Oak,
|
sm. t., C. to U.
lyrata (Walt.), Overcap Oak, 1.
t., L. to U.
Quercus Prinus, Swamp Chestnut Oak,
1. t., Cen. to U.
var. monticola (Mx.),
Rock Chestnut Oak, 1. t., Cen.
to U.
prinoides, Chinquapin Oak, sm.
S., U. dist.
virens (L.), Live Oak, C.
var. maritima, Dwarf
Live Oak, L.
cinerea (Nich.), Upland Live
Oak, L.
Phellos (L.), Willow Oak, L. to
Cen.
var. arenaria, Sand Wil-
low Oak, C.
aquatica (Cates.), Water Oak,
L. to Cen.
nigra (L.), Black Jack, L. to
N.
falcata (Mx.), Spanish Oak, L.
to U.
coccinea (Wang), Scarlet Oak,
Cen. to U.
tinctoria (Bart.), Black or Fel-
low-bark Oak, Cen. to N.
rubra (L.), Red Oak, U. to N.
· Catesbæi (Mx.), Turkey or Bar-
ren Oak, L.
Coryllus Americana (Walt.), Hazlenut, U.
Ostrya Virginica (Willd.), Hop Hornbeam,
L. to N.
Carpinus Americana (Mx.), Iron Wood, C.
to U.
Fagus ferruginea (Ait.), Beech, C. to N.
Castanea vesca (L.), Chestnut, N.
pumila (Mx.), s. or sm. t., L. to U.
MYRICACEE.
Myrica cerifera (L.), Bayberry, Wax Myr-
tle, s. or sm. t., C.
inodorata (Bart.), Smooth Wax Myr-
tle, s., C.
BETULACEE.
Betula nigra (L.), Red Birch, t., Cen. to N.
Alnus serrulata (Ait.), Smooth Alder, sm.
t., C. to N.
SALICACEE.
Salix nigra (M.), Black Willow, s. or sm.
t., C. to N.
Popuius angulata (Ait.), Cotton Tree, Wa-
ter Poplar, 1. t., L. to N.
monilifera (Ait.), Colton Tree, 1. t.,
L. to N.
CONIFERÆ.
Pinus australis, Long-leaved or Yellow Pine,
1. t., C. to Cen.
mitus (Mx.), Short-leaved Pine, 1.
t., L. to Cen.
serotina (Mx.), Pond Pine, 1. t., Cen.
Elliottii (Engl.), Oldfield Pine, m.
t., C.
taeda, Loblolly or Cldfield Pine, 1.
t., C.
Pinus inops (Ait.), Scrub Pine, sm. t., L. to
N.
Juniperus Virginiana (L.), Red Cedar.,
sm. t., N.
Cupressus thyoides (L.), Juniper, 1. t.,
C. to Cen.
Taxodium distichum (Rich), Cypress, 1. t.,
C. to Cen.
PALME.
Sabal Adansonii (Guer), Palmetto, sm. t.,
C.
serrulata (R. & S.), Saw Palmetto,
S., C.
SMILACEÆ.
Smilax Walteri (Parsh), Green Brier, cl.,
L.
pseudo-China (L.), False China
Root, cl., L. to N.
glauca (Walt.), False Sarsaparilla,
cl., L. to N.
laurifolia (L.), Smooth Brier, cl., L.
to N.
lanceolata (L.), cl., C.
tamnoides (L.), cl., C. to N.
pumila (Walt.) sm. s., C.
EUPHORBIACEÆ.
Stillingia ligustrina (Mx.), s., L. to Cen.
sebifera (Mx.), sm. t., Native of
China.
LILIACEE.
Yucca aloifolia (L.), Spanish Daggers, sm.
t., C.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
43
Pine, rough
dressed
fencing
pickets.
CALIFORNIA.
Lumber Statistics of San Francisco.
(a) Receipts of Lumber in 1877.
Feet.
123, 099, 302
Redwood pickets, rough
Feet.
1,523, 226
20, 894, 976
dressed
675, 247
15, 267, 246
481, 029
Railroad ties
159,742, 553 Telegraph poles
2, 198, 473
237,000
Spruce, rough
dressed
9, 312,277
359, 171
Sugar-pine, rough
172, 312
409, 312
6,805, 000
9, 671, 448
General total of above .... 286, 757, 835
Cedar, rough
5, 940, 973
Hardwood..
67,000
Shingles...
SUNDRIES.
89, 468, 250
Laths
Redwood, rough
49, 325, 786
Piles, linear feet
rough, clear
dressed..
5,735, 325
Spars..
46,038, 260
pieces
Ship-knees
43, 443, 486
519,093
4, 690
67
1,386
dressed,inch…………
siding, inch..
battens,inch
101, 099, 371 Poles, linear feet.
Broom-handles, pieces
Redwood posts
Railroad ties (rift), pieces..
Spanish cedar logs, pieces..
Toa logs, pieces
318, 921
642,799
565, 690
Wool slats, pieces..
763,705¹
Laurel logs, pieces..
Primerera logs, pieces.
Lignum vitæ...
(b) Lumber exports by Sea in 1876 and 1877.
1,000
272, 584
1,058, 618
836, 256
6, 197
408
97,800
92
227
46

1876.
1877.
To what countries or ports.

Feet.
Value.
Feet.
Value.
Tahiti
1,339 125
Mexico
$23, 184
Panama
1,267, 320
113,594
Central America
25, 704
2,829
1,369, 950
1, 667, 327
$17,030
32, 932
177, 822
2, 125
278, 482
Russian Asia
7, 160
593, 271
13, 061
China.
211, 755
5, 394
63,283
Peru
148, 036
5, 214
604, 505
1,682
10,369
Navigator's Island..
2, 445, 652
45, 100
3, 084, 752
63, 800
Honolulu
703, 306
13, 998
937, 180
15, 162
Australia.
1, 511, 338
23, 948
1,428, 000
23, 646
Marquesas Islands.
1, 411, 534
20, 460
1, 470, 871
37, 997
New Zealand
168, 885
2,830
81, 233
1, 120
New York
Victoria
Chili
Calcutta
Manilla
England
Ecuador
+
Guaymas
14, 057
541
283, 897
5, 686
57, 713
1,286
7,925
769, 211
354
16, 418
2,875
130
1,770, 545
36, 377
115,000
1,600
54, 800
660
250,000
5, 140
17, 764
490
16,000
436
Japan
Fiji Islands
Totals
1 Board measure.
55, 460
972
20, 019
711
81,000
10, 721, 220
The surface measure amounts to twice this sum.
1, 620
199, 894
13, 847, 267
267, 332
44
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
CONNECTICUT..
Remarks on the relative value of timber grown in Connecticut and upon the
improvement of qualities by cultivation, and the adaptation of various
species to planting in that State.
Prof. Wm. H. Brewer, of Yale College, at the winter meeting of the
State Board of Agriculture, in December, 1877, in the discussions that
arose upon the timber-question, remarked':
I have been told by carriage makers in this State, that that manufacturing industry,
which is a pretty important one, may in a few years turn on this timber question. As
regards materials for hubs and spokes (and you know that Connecticut timber is es-
pecially noted for its quality), the probabilities are that consumption goes on fast
enough. I spoke in my lecture last year before the Board of the fact that Western
timber works easier and nicer than Connecticut timber. That is quite an important
fact in carriage-making and in furniture-making to-day, where things are made for looks
and for sale. I am told by carriage makers that it does not take quite so much work
to get Western wood into what they call a stylish shape, but that the wood is nothing
like as good as Connecticut timber. There is a difference of opinion with regard to
the qualities of the stronger woods East and West-I mean hickory, elm, white ash,
and all that class; but I believe they all grow finer here than they do at the West.
Two or three persons have spoken to me of the growing value of such woods as black-
walnut and butternut, that are coming now into fashionable use as ornamental woods.
I suppose that we in New England can never hope to compete with the West in the
production of large black-walnut. I have the impression that we can in butternut,
and my belief is very strong that butternut will increase in fashionableness and de-
sirability as an ornamental wood for finishing interiors. I know some cases within a
few years, where it has been used quite extensively in the interior finishing of houses.
1 uced not tell any of you that it makes a most beautiful finish. As you know, tho
tree is very easily raised from the nut, if planted in the fall and allowed to freeze.
Another item I want to mention in regard to the planting of hickory. Many of you
are aware how the so-called English walnut has been improved, by generations of se-
lection from the best trees to plant from, until we have all this variety of that nut
now in market. I am told, where the thing has been tried, that in the case of the
shag-bark or the hickory, the elements of prolificness and excellence of fruit are trans-
mitted hereditarily; and if we had two forests side by side, one producing good chest-
nuts or walnuts and the other producing rather poor, I know which would be most
popular. There are particular hickory trees that produce exceptionally fine nuts,
which always yield an income of a few dollars a year to the owner; and it seems to
me that would be an element to be taken into account in planting.
A gentleman remarked:
On a farm that I sold last spring there is a black-walnut tree something more than
2 feet in diameter. One of my neighbors, while I lived on the place, came along one
day and picked up about 20 of the nuts, carried them home, and planted them. This
was not more than twenty years ago, and there are now on that place 15 trees, and
12 of them are more than a foot through.
Instances were cited of a black-walnut tree in Western New York that
was 5 feet in diameter and perfectly sound. It was perfectly straight
and 50 feet to the limbs.
The Professor had written to a gentleman in Western Massachusetts,
who had had considerable success in transplanting the hickory, to find
out how long they had been planted and what had been the success.
He found that the hickories had been selected in the woods, a little hole
dug alongside of the trees, and the tap root cut off. They were then al-
lowed to stand a year longer after this root was cut off, when they could
be removed as easily as any other tree.
As regards the hickory, Professor Brewer remarked, that there are two
distinct species in New England that are often confounded. One of the
species, called in New York State the mocker nut, has a very white
heart, the wood not being quite so hard as the real pignut. The husk is
a little thicker; the fruit, when in the husk, not quite so pear-shaped as
in the pignut. Even among botanists the different species of hickory
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
45
.
are not yet clearly defined, some thinking there are but two species of
that kind, the mocker nuts and pignuts. There are seven species de-
scribed as belonging to the genus found in the Northern States, inclu-
ding the pecan of the West, but they are very difficult to determine. Of
the two that are quite common in New England-the mocker nut and
the pignut-the wood of the latter is toughest.
There is a great difference in the toughness of hickory, according to the
land on which it grows, and of the same species no lumberman or bota-
nist could pick out with certainty the species from the wood. They pass
into each other and are troublesome to determine. Some, like the bitter-
nut and the pecan, may be identified, but the others appear to shade into
each other, not entirely, but so nearly intermediate that they give bota-
nists a great deal of trouble.
A gentleman remarked that a black-walnut tree in his neighborhood
was sold standing, cut, and delivered in Boston to the furniture manu-
facturers ready to be worked up, for not less than $600. Fifty dollars
were paid for the standing tree, and as much more for cutting and work-
ing it up.
The white-wood, or tulip poplar, being commended for its beauty and
rapid growth, it was admitted by several that it was very difficult to
get started from the seed, and that it could not be transplanted with
success unless when very small. Its root is soft and yellow, not unlike
the carrot in odor, appearance, and texture, and if not transplanted when
very young, it loses its top and sprouts from the bottom. Trees, when
7 or 8 feet high, almost invariably die down to the ground when trans-
planted, and send up mere brush. The seeds should be covered and
kept quite moist during the winter. The tulip tree does not bear a rude
climate. If set out in the fall it is very likely to winter-kill, and it should
only be transplanted in the spring. It is difficult to save when taken
from the forest, as its roots then run deep and have but few fibers that
can be saved. They are spongy and small, and break off very easily.
When grown in a nursery the root comes out more readily, has more
fibers, and may, with careful handling, be moved when 3 or 4 inches in
diameter.
The horse-chestnut, planted in the fall and covered with straw or dead
leaves, will germinate; but if covered with dirt, that is the last you will
see of it. The seed of the sugar maple acts the same way. They should
be covered with straw instead of dirt, and when thus treated will almost
always grow. The same will apply to the horse-chestnut and the com-
mon chestnut.
Opinions were expressed favorable to the Norway maple, some pre-
ferring it to the sugar maple for ornamental planting, although its foliage
was not so fiue in the fall. In Essex County, Massachusetts, they are
grown to a considerable extent, being by many preferred as hardier than
the sugar maple.
The value of timbered lands in Connecticut sometimes amounts to
$600 to the acre, while the land itself, after the timber is cut off, would
not be worth more than $15. In places difficult of access the timber
might sell at $50, while the land might be worth as many cents.'
These facts suggest the very practical inquiry as to whether it will
not pay to take these poor lands, which if left to themselves would be
growing up with junipers, white birch, alders, and other kinds of small
value, and secure in their place the more valuable kinds.
The recent act exempting planted lands from taxation, though but a
small inducement, should have its influence in promoting forest planting.
Report of Connecticut Board of Agriculture, 1877-78, p. 256.
46
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
Chestnut planting in Connecticut.
In the discussions of the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture at
its winter meeting, in December, 1877, Mr. P. M. Augur, of Middlefield,
having alluded to the ease and certainty with which the chestnut could
be raised in that State, upou lands too rough for cultivation, in answer
to inquiries as to the methods which his observations led him to con-
sider the best, replied:
The chestnut is a very easy tree to start if we will take a little care to protect the
seed through the winter. I think we can learn from nature in this respect. In the
fall take the chestnuts that you want to plant in the spring, before they become dry,
and put them in moist sand.
Being here asked whether they should be taken from the burr, and
whether they will bear some degree of drying before they are put in the
sand, he said:
A little drying, but the less the better. Either put them in moist sand, or cover them
with leaves or moss, and keep them in a moist state through the winter, and you will
have them all right in the spring. Then take them to these rough places, and by
using an old axe, you can make holes in the ground and plant the nuts.
Plant pretty
plentifully, so as to be sure to have enough. They will start, and in a very short time
will take care of themselves. This seedling growth will make the very best timber.
If any of you have noticed piles of railroad ties that have been cut from sprouts of the
third and fourth generation from old stumps, you have seen marks of decay running
through the heart of the timber, and those trees never can become really valuable.
But these seedlings which start in their birth, and make a good growth, will ulti-
mately make the very choicest timber. There is a chestnut tree in Middletown for which
the owner was offered $50.
We have a chestnut tree in Middlefield, that
measures 27 feet 9 inches in circumference, and is hale and hearty. It is not a tall
tree, not a valuable timber tree, because it stands in an open field, but all around it,
at a little distance, are beautiful timber trees of much less diameter, but running up
to far greater height; but it shows that the chestnut thrives in this State. There are
in the northern part of the State hundreds of acres of land not worth over $5 an acre,
which are said to be admirably adapted to the chestnut.
*
*
*
My opinion is, that on sandy land the white pine or some other timber would be
better than the chestnut, but on almost any land that is not sandy, I think, it will do
Well.¹
Chestnuts may be kept fresh and well preserved through the winter
by piling them up on dry soil, covered with a stratum of straw, and then
a layer of earth thrown over them in the same way that potatoes are
sometimes buried.
In reference to the care that should be given to planting, a member
remarked:
When you want to plant chestnuts, don't send boys to plant them without an over-
seer. That has been tried in my neighborhood. A gentleman in my vicinity had
several acres of poor land that he wanted to put into forest. He got chestnuts from
boys, and then he hired the boys to plant them, and between the boys and the squirrels
there did not many of them come up. A few scattered trees only came up. Almost
every chestnut in our vicinity that comes up from seed grows but a few years before
it begins to shows signs of decay, and a sprout comes up from the bottom, which is
better than the parent. I think it advisable to cut off the seedlings and let the sprouts
grow.
It was remarked by another that the chestnuts in his vicinity that
come from sprouts are regarded as much sounder timber than those
which have never been cut; and that is the general opinion among wood-
cutters and lumbermen. Those trees that come from sprouts are, almost
without exception, perfectly sound to the center. A statement being
made that a second growth gave promise of better timber than the first
and it was thought that this might be so as regards sprouts from young
stocks; but from old trees they will not reproduce good timber. The
¹ Report of the Connecticut Board of Agriculture, 1877-'78, p. 257.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
47
browsing of young sprouts by sheep was noticed as an injury particularly
to be prevented if we would expect a good growth.
[According to an approved French authority,' the chestnut may be
sown in autumn or in spring, and if delayed till the latter season, the
chestnuts must be kept from moisture and frost, which is done by placing
them, after taking from the burr, in a large box, the bottom of which is
covered with straw. They are then put in with alternate layers of
straw or sand, till the box is full. The fruit will sprout a little during
the winter, and as early as the season will allow, they are carefully taken
out without breaking the radicle, and placed in baskets or upon hurdles,
to be carried to the place ready for planting, which should be done
with as little exposure as possible. It is recommended to place two
chestnuts in each hill, and at a time when the soil is not wet, for the
chestnut gathers dampness very easily. If planted in autumn they
should be covered with some three inches of earth, and they should
come up (in France) by the first of May. When trees of high growth
are wanted, they should be grown close together, and should not be
grafted. Many excellent varieties of the chestnut are known in Eu-
rope, and their succession is secured by grafting. The young wood is
much prized for vine-props, and especially for hoops, and Dr. Hamel re-
marks that for the latter use, it is preferable to all others, for casks
that are to be placed in damp cellars. It is not esteemed for fuel, as it
consumes quickly, and throws out sparks, but in certain forges of Bis-
caye it is much used.]
FLORIDA.
Exportation of Pitch Pine from Pensacola, Fla., during the year 1877-"78.*
Destination.
TO ENGLAND.

Vessels.
Tonnage.
Hewn tim- Sawn tim-
ber.
ber.
Lumber.
Liverpool
43
37, 683
London
Hull.
West Hartepool
New Castle
Sharpness
20
16, 032
Cubic feet.
771, 755
406, 010
Cubic feet. Sup'l feet.
1, 076, 978
1,575, 000
132, 791
3,810, 000
16
12, 894
165, 827
410, 058
1,984, 000
8
4, 509
25.402
43, 220
2,082,000
7
6, 963
189, 603
168, 724
182,000
7
5, 191
159, 654
114, 276
Penarth.
123,000
6
4, 710
166, 842
Gloucester
79, 099
227,000
5
2, 418
Plymouth
1,414
37, 817
1, 198, 000
4
4, 180
King's Lynn
Barrow
Newport
Cardiff.
Bristol
Grimsby.
Swansea
The Downs.
Sunderland..
Shields
152, 972
61, 606
115,000
4
4, 631
111, 060
114, 396
144,000
4
3,742
28, 443
168, 936
•
4
2, 351
31, 349
54, 205
98,000
588,000
3
2, 692
97, 879
14,977
396, 000
1, 767
32, 757
28, 931
2.226
85,000
309,000
460, OCO
1, 403
46, 270
28, 592
46,000
-
1,455
69, 800
4, 650
64, 000
1
1, 119
31, 600
24, 500
44, 000
1
492
Maryport
28, 370
21,000
-
1
€72
Fleetwood.
32, 820
2,000
34,000
1
709
Dover..
36, 324
22.000
1
549
Dartmouth
11, 687
9, 900
101, 000
1
Carnarvon
Gosport
Silloth's Dock
Total England....
619
23,000
6, 500
26,000
1
590
31, 135
19,000
1
424
17, 782
614
28,000
1
730
10, 577
27,705
19,000
150
120, 751
2, 620, 827
2,754, 960 13, 715, 000
*From a circular issued by the Brokers, dated August 31, 1878.-Timber Trades Journal, October 12. 1878
'Maison Rustique du xix Siècle, iv. 8.
48
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
Exportation of Pitch Pine from Pensacola, Fla., during the year 1877-78-Continued.
Clyde.
Aberdeen
Dundee.
Leith
Destination.
Granton...
Grangemouth
Stornoway
Total Scotland.
Queenstown
Belfast
Dublin
Waterford.
Limerick
Port Rush.
Total Ireland..
TO SCOTLAND.

Vessels.
Tonnage.
Hewn tim- Sawn tim-
ber.
ber.
Lumber.
Cub. feet.
Cub. fet. Sup'l feet.
14
10, 029
18, 855
485, 834
1,220,000
3
1, 641
93, 563
50,000
1
682
33, 960
2,852
51,000
1
742
38, 034
33,000
1
541
10, 884
14,310
12,000
1
468
24, 919
24,000
1
580
27, 525
1, 597
44,000
22
14, 683
91, 224
661, 109
1, 434.000
TO IRELAND.
10
7,405
248, 640
6
4, 934
233, 123
111, 220
10, 592
571.000
263,000
3
1,465
11, 074
G8, 018
1
514
10,323
15,815
68, 000
24,000
1
643
15, 163
14, 742
1
436
16, 305
8, 552
33,000
13,000
22
15, 397
534, 628
228, 939
972, 000
SUMMARY OF EXPORTS TO ALL COUNTRIES.
Great Britain
Continental Europe..
Algeria and Cape Colony
བྲཱཧྨ*
194
150, 831
3,246, 679
84
46, 543
1, 216, 756
3, 615, 008
351, 640
4
1, 336
9, 570
West Indies, Ceutral and South America, and
British Provinces.
69
Coastwise.
139
19, 786
42, 541
40, 980
16, 123, 000
12,569, 000
792,000
13, 451, 000
30, 431, 000
General total¹
490
261, 037
4, 513, 985
3,996, 648 73, 364, 000
In the year ending June 30, 1877, the total tonnage of vessels arriving at Pensacola was 595,569 tons,
and the value of exports was $2,291,822, mostly lumber and timber.
ILLINOIS.
The lumber trade of Chicago.
The annual reports of the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago en-
able us to present the following statistics of the receipts and shipments
of lumber and shingles at that point through a series of years. It will
be rembered that this is the point of distribution at which the products
of the lumber mills of a considerable part of the forest region of the
Northwest are shipped by railroad and canal to the prairie country,
southward and westward, to great distances. We are not able in this
report to give statistics of other forms of wood products, such as timber,
lath, staves, posts, railroad-ties, which are received at this market, and
from thence forwarded to the interior. The data collected upon these
and other points regarding the Chicago markets, including range of
prices, &c., are reserved for a more special study, should these inquiries
be continued. It will be observed that the totals of the following tables
differ in some of their details; but we can only answer for the correct-
ness of the totals of the numbers here printed.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
49
1.-Receipts and Shipments of Lumber at Chicago from 1847 to 1877.


Years.
Receipts.
Shipments.
Years.
Receipts.
Shipments.
1847
Feet.
32, 118, 225
Feet.
1803
1848
60, 009, 250
1864
Feet.
413, 301, 818
501, 592, 406
1
Feet.
221, 709, 330
269, 496, 579
1849
73, 259, 553
1865
647, 145, 734
385, 353, 678
1850
100, 364, 779
1866
730, 057, 168
422, 314, 266
1851
125, 056, 437
1867
882, 661, 770
518, 903, 354
1852
147, 816, 232
70, 740, 271
1868
1 028, 494, 789
451, 9:9, 806
1853
202, 101, 078
88,909, 348
1869
997, 736, 942
1854
·
228, 336, 783
133, 131, 872
1870
1, 018, 998 635
1855
·
306, 547, 401
215, 585, 354
1871..
1, 039, 328, 375
1856
456, 673, 169
243, 387, 732
1872..
1, 183, 659, 280
1857
459, 639, 198
311, 608, 793 || 1873
1858.
278, 943, 000
242, 793, 268
1874
1, 123, 368, 671
1,060, 088, 708
1859
302, 845, 207
226, 120, 3×9
1875
1, 153, 715, 432
581, 533, 480
583, 490, 674
541, 222, 513
417,827, 375
531, 544, 379
680, 673, 674
628, 485, 014
1860.
262, 494, 626
225, 372, 340
1876
1, 039, 785, 265
1861
249, 308, 705
189, 379, 445
1877
1, 066, 452, 361
576, 124, 287
586, 722, 821
1862
305, 674, 045
189, 277, 079
Total receipts of lumber in 31 years..
Total shipments of lumber in 26 years..
17, 477, 675, 04% feet.
9, 463, 697, 111 feet.
2.-Receipts and Shipments of Shingles at Chicago from 1852 to 1877.

Years.
Years.
Shipments.
Receipts.
Shipments.
Receipts.
Number.
Number.
Number.
1852
185).
77,080, 500
55, 851, 038
1866
400, 125, 250
Number.
422, 339, 715
93, 483, 784
71, 442, 550
1867
447, 039, 275
480, 930, 500
1854
-
82, 001, 250
92, 506, 301
1868
514, 434, 100
537, 497, 074
1855
108, 647, 250
134, 793, 250
1869.
673, 106, 000
638, 317, 840
1856
135, 876, 000
115, 563, 250
1870..
652, 091, 000
666, 247, 775
1857
131, 830, 250
154, 827, 750
1871..
647, 595, 000
558, 385, 350
1858
127, 565, 000
150, 129, 250
1872.
610, 824, 420
436. 827, 375
1859
165, 927, 000
195, 117, 700
1873
517, 923, 000
407, 505, 650
1860
127, 894, 000
168, 302, 525
1874
619, 278, 630
370, 196, 651
1861
79, 365, 000
94, 421, 186
1875
635, 708, 120
299, 426, 936
1862
131, 255, 000
55, 761, 630
1876
566, 977, 400
214, 389, 575
1863
172, 364, 875
102, 634, 447
1877
546, 409, 000
170, 410, 785-
1864
190, 169, 750
1865
310, 897, 350
138, 497, 256
258, 351, 450
Total, 26 years..
8, 765, 988, 204
6, 990, 674, 809
3.-Receipts and Shipments of Lumber and Shingles at Chicago, by the several Routes of Trans-
portation in 1875, 1876, and 1877.
(a). LUMBER.
1875.
1876.
1877..

Route.
Received (1,000
feet).
Shipped (1,000
feet).
Received (1,000
feet).
Shipped (1,000
feet).
Received (1,000
feet).
Shipped (1,000
feet).
By lake..
Illinois and Michigan Canal
Chicago and Northwestern Railroad.
Illinois Central Railroad.
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad..
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
Chicago and Alton Railroad
Chicago, Danville and Vincennes Railroad'
Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad.
Chicago and Pacific Railroad
Michigan Central Railroad
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Saint Louis Railr'd.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad…….
Total...
•
1,090, 600
2, 141
23 44, 606
7,886 56, 848
2,056 119, 682
707 57,457
1, 148 176, 469
428 67, 518
3, 030 34, 433
2,698
971, 416
77
370 1, 001, 405.
43, 841
141
1,338
47, 965
6, 157
46, 012
5,811
64, 482
3, 039
78, 153
2, 187
80, 242
985
52, 490
801
40, 560
825 176, 180
794
193, 148
392
69, 241
357
60, 660
1,769
13, 025
6, 874
4, 694
80
18, 463
10, 145
15, 841
31, 544
2,278
9, 542
18, 566
6, 293
30, 504
4, 054
2, 504
39
10, 089
15, 677
5, 011
2,977
21, 220
2,450
1,555
14, 315
4, 028
14, 305
3, 018
4,788
12, 166
2,558
5, 948
36, 682
3,591
4,882
10,706
6, 33123, 093
6, 318
6, 946
6, 751
5, 187
23, 256
4,598
586, 715
1, 157, 195 638, 486 |1, 039, 784 565, 829 1,066, 451
¹ Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad in 1877.
4 FOR
50
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
w
Route.
SHINGLES.


Received (thousands).
1875.
1876.
1877.
Shipped (thousands).
Received (thousands).
Shipped (thousands).
Received (thousands).
Shipped (thousands).
By Lake.
Illinois and Michigan Canal
Chicago and Northwestern Railroad
Illinois Central Railroad..
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.
Chicago and Alton Railroad
Chicago, Danville and Vincennes Railroad'
Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad
Chicago and Pacific Railroad
Michigan Central Railroad
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad
Pittsburgh, Chicago and Saint Louis Railroad.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Total...
420, 298
126 456, 404
148 464, 880
16
49
12, 527
18, 131
22, 959
108, 538 16, 006 | 53, 445
7, 660 43, 825
3,695
55, 495
54, 690
34, 241
63
19, 390
23, 660
39, 877
101, 895
65, 472
28, 405
53, 173
15, 070
16, 917
12, 939
19, 361
12, 972
86, 507
4
47,777
306
30, 884
520
105
91
17, 680
4, 645
9, 282
2, 710
6, 730
4, 048
225
2,300
2,977
230
1, 849
320
76
155
50
49
19, 122
48
1,800
5,607
785
6, 530
40
290
635, 708 300, 849 566, 984 215, 769 546, 409 170, 410
¹ Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad in 1877.
4.-Statement of the Sources of Supply of Lumber and Shingles received at Chicago by Lake
during the years 1875, 1876, and 1877.
Lumber (1,000 feet).
Places from whence shipped.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1875.
1876.
1877.
Shingles (thousands).

Ahnapee, Wis
2, 333
115
40
Alcona, Mich...
7,523
100
485
Alpena, Mich
539
•
50, 147
35, 976
24, 310
100
Ashland, Wis...
100
1,000
Ausable, Mich.
420
1, 472
795
Bay do Noque
•
2,090
735
470
Bayfield, Wis
540
Benton Harbor, Mich..
1,877
810
2, 097
Black Creek
5, 870
4, 452
Canada ports
3, 440
799
631
Casco Bay
100
Caseville, Wis
9,299
852
3, 430
4, 963
Cedar River
3, 465
7, 319
3, 390
Cheboygan, Mich
23, 882
Clay Bank
22, 634
40, 551
1,703
1, 777
80
3, 493
Clayton.
526
Davis's Pier
367
468
205
Depere, Wis..
490
3, 390
500
Duck Lake
965
815
810
Duluth, Minn
1,040
547
700
·
257
Escanaba, Mich.
4,450
5, 115
2, 518
3, 333
500
Ford River
17, 044
17, 695
10, 195
14, 259
Frankfort, Mich.
8,001
12, 723
9, 350
Gardner's Bay
1,327
8,714
10,443
3, 450
4,742
645
200
200
Good Harbor
450
590
427
Grand Haven
66, 830
40, 090
54, 252
Green Bay.
33, 839
50, 010
50, 272
10, 415
11, 452
5,087
63, 548
51, 370
Hamlin .
30, 848
557
293
8, 396
Hancock, Mich
4, 290
360
Harris Pier
Holland, Mich
301
2,214
1,380
2, 043
40
1,463
Jackson Port
480
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
51
4.-Statement of the Sources of Supply of Lumber and Shingles, &c.-Continued.


Lumber (1,000 feet).
Shingles (thousands).
Places from whence shipped.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1875.
1876.
1877.
Keeler's Pier
233
940
Kenosha, Wis
1, 340
1,487
200
70
Kewaunee,
Mich………
660
Lake Superior ports
7,567
6, 043
7, 130
380
Leland..
2, 515
1, 738
1,315
Lincoln, Mich
4, 201
3, 495
4, 615
600
Ludington, Mich
71, 816
77,093
Ludwig's Pier
93, 813
3,304
164
4,762
615
16, 231
1, 255
520
849
Manistee, Mich.
135, 161
Manitowoc, Wis
103, 432
107, 702
94, 560
111, 639
142, 659
1, 225
232
330
Masonville.
2, 212
600
2,525
215
410
Menominee, Mich
119, 611
140, 973
Monistique
138, 162
6, 940
9, 281
1,425
1,704
4, 772
6, 965
Muskegon,
Mich
277, 699
214, 937
255, 747
Norwood
5, 140
16, 662
17, 787
290
640
Oconto, Wis
500
33, 483
24, 146
Ontonagon, Mich
18, 586
5, 540
2, 084
5, 996
•
1, 310
Oscoda.
1, 740
325
1, 031
Packard's Pier.
1, 121
200
60
581
Paulville Pier
1, 905
1, 140
255
180
Pensaukee, Wis
Pentwater, Mich...
11, 956
7,062
3,958
12, 575
11, 956
8,858
7,803
Perry's Pier
7,371
19, 300
8,500
15, 115
1,276
905
Peshtigo, Wis
1,731
2,505
36, 410
Portage Lako
40, 800
40, 180
8, 589
4, 623
Port Huron, Mich.
1, 318
1,388
755
1,450
5, 565
900
Port Sheldon
1, 125
257
Point St. Ignace
40
Racine, Wis
4, 030
192
Red River
242
500
Rodger's Creek
760
475
23, 751
26, 383
70
Roger's City.
1, 083
910
50
23, 314
1, 083
Saginaw, Mich.
710
Saint Joseph, Mich.
61, 990
44, 394
35, 462
502
300
Saint Paul's Pier
3, 305
1,503
2,850
968
Saugatuck, Mich
365
25
►
Sheboygan, Wis
Silver Lake..
13, 528
10, 546
6, 303
9, 539
20,998
7,388
400
South Haven, Mich
1,620
2,310
1,825
80
Sturgeon Bay, Wis
3, 992
1, 908
1,617
Suamico
4, 589
13, 246
4,792
8, 239
23, 901
Tawas City, Mich
1,727
2, 205
2,290
46, 166
61, 578
27,552
38, 525
Towner's Pier
158
1, 521
437
Traverse City, Mich
100
Two Rivers, Wis
12, 447
15,900
18,780
994
1,281
947
4, 585
White Lake, Mich
2,590
855
1, 253
Williams's Pier.
51,818
59, 379
54, 603
23, 179
21, 889
46, 640
Wolf River.
496
Other ports..
140
2,400
4, 529
11, 922
Total...
1,080, 459
971, 216 1,090, 405
420, 298
466, 940
466, 383
IOWA.
Premiums by the Iowa State Horticultural Society for Forest-tree Planting
in 1878.
This society offered the sum of $345 in premiums, to be divided into
twenty-one sums, and rated as first, second, and third according to
greater numbers planted, of the following classes:
1. In groves, intrinsic value of species considered.
2. Evergreens and Larch, in plantations or belts.
3. Plantations of Ash.
4. Plantations of nut-bearing trees.
5. Plantations of Black Wild Cherry, Elm, Box-Elder, and Birch.
6. Plantations of Cottonwood, Basswood, Willow, Maple, and other soft wooded trees.
7. Plantations of Honey Locust (from seed grown on thornless trees preferable).
Among the regulations established for the guidance of those compet-
ing for the premiums, it was required that the plants should be rooted
52
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
before setting, excepting in the case of Willows and other soft wooded
trees growing readily from cuttings, and that in the case of nut-bearing
trees they might be started from the seed in the places where they were
to remain. The plantations must not be made at a greater distance
apart than four feet each way, and must be at least two thousand to the
acre. Returns were to be made in which the name and number of trees
planted, mode of planting and cultivation, cost and average size of each
species were to be specified. The trees must be counted between the
15th of September and 10th of October, 1878, and the premiums were
to be awarded in January, 1879.
The secretary of the society, referring to tree-planting in his report,
expresses his belief, from four years of extended and specific correspond-
ence growing out of his position, and of their annual notices relative to
forestry in every newspaper in the State, that the offer of cash premi-
ums will do little, if anything, to encourage this vital interest. The in-
trinsic importance of this cultivation in breaking the dreary monotony
of the prairies, and affording shelter against the "blizzards" of winter
and the storms of summer, were more urgent reminders than a few dol-
lars of premium. The persistent diffusion of information as to methods
of planting and management had already done a good work, and every
year thousands of acres were being added to the woodlands of the State.
The Honey Locust as a Hedge Plant.
Mr. F. W. Hart, of Mount Vernon, Iowa, in reporting to the State
Horticultural Society,' after alluding to the frequent failure of the Osage
Orange in Linn and adjacent counties, east and west, owing to the
severity of the climate-a severely cold winter sometimes killing down
the plants that might have strong hopes of success through several
years says:
But there is a hedge that the falling mercury does not affect. I refer to the Honey
Locust. This seems to be indigenous to this climate, and is hardy as an oak. I have
never yet seen a Honey Locust hedge injured in the least by winter. I visited a few
days since the location of a Honey Locust hedge adjacent to our town-fours planted
from last spring-and found, to my surprise, a hedge sufficiently high and strong to
turn any stock, and in most places sufficiently tight to turn swine and sheep. My
neighbor informed me that no indication of injury from the severity of winters had
ever been observed. His method of treatment is as follows:
The plants, which were two years old, were plowed in the ground 16 inches apart.
The second year they were bent down and fastened to the ground by means of forked
sticks. The third year the same method was pursued, only the tops were bent mostly
in the opposite direction; and the fourth year a small pole was placed along the fence
four feet from the ground, and the tops of the hedge entwined around the pole, thus
making an almost impregnable barrier to the encroachment of almost any stock. I
give it as the result of my deliberate conviction, based upon a residence of fourteen
years in Linn County, that in this and northern latitudes the Honey Locust is the
only hedge thus far tried that will stand the test of all contingencies.
In the discussion which followed, differences of opinion were expressed
with regard to this tree as a hedge plant. The failures of which some
complained were by others attributed to bad management and neglect.
The practices of setting the plants deep, and of not pruning till they
were large enough to plash were commended. The demand for seed had
led to importations from Europe, the growth from which had been ten-
der when compared with that from our native trees.
While this subject was under discussion a practical observer stated
¹Report of 1877, p. 117.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
53
his plan for making the Osage Orange succeed in the south western part
of Iowa:
We plant deep; give prime culture the first summer, and late in the fall we cut the
plants off quite close to the ground, and cover the whole row with course litter. After
this we do no more cutting until the hedge is large enough for plashing.
The same observer, upon another occasion, remarked that he used no
line in setting, but followed the center of dead furrows, and that he set
his plants fully a foot deep when the filling was entirely completed.
The soil was so porous that shallower planting would fail. He cut off all
the top in the fall before mulching, and thus secured a vigorous start in
the spring, from near the crown. He trimmed before plashing, making
the cut very low.
Forest-tree Planting in Northwestern Iowa.
The tenth horticultural district of Iowa, as known by the State Hor-
ticultural Society, consists of Buena Vista, Cherokee, Plymouth, Sioux,
O'Brien, and Lyon Counties-nearly if not quite all prairie, with a very
little native timber bordering upon the streams. It has been overrun
five years in succession by grasshoppers, but, notwithstanding this
drawback, commendable progress has been made in agricultural im-
provement, and in the planting of groves, hedges, and wind-breaks.
From a report made to the State Horticultural Society in January,
1878,' by George H. Wright, of Sioux City, we quote the following state-
ments:
Eight years ago six of the counties I represent were entirely without timber, and
very sparsely settled. To-day the lightest vote in any of these counties is over 300.
The prairies are dotted over with groves, and resemble a vast park. The varieties of
trees mostly planted are the cottonwood, box-elder, soft maple, white ash, white wil-
low, black walnut, and European larch, with some elm. The area planted with cot-
tonwood much exceeds that planted with all the other kinds named. Too much cannot
be said in favor of planting a variety of trees, nor too much in favor of the cottonwood?
for our new and unsubdued soils. The cottonwood adapts itself to a new soil more
readily than any of our trees. It will grow and thrive with equal success on the high
and rolling prairies and on the low botton-lands of the Missouri. It is a vigorous,
healthy grower, giving back a per cent. on the investment sooner than any tree
within my knowledge. I am aware that I am open to criticism in this broad state-
ment, but can bear it, in view of the facts from our section. Box-elder is also a val-
uable forest tree for our prairies. It grows readily from the seeds, makes a good
wind-break and shelter for farms and stock, is free from the depredations of insects,
and is valuable for its sap for making sirup. The white ash will soon be sought after
as one of the most valuable timber trees for mechanical uses and for varied farm pur-
poses. It bears transplanting readily, grows with reasonable rapidity, is entirely
hardy in the most exposed positions, is very free from insect annoyance, and grows
readily from seed. White willow is also rich in returns to those who grow it. It is
our best hedge plant for the Northwest, and can be made into a perfect barrier against
cattle and hogs in four years.
Soft maple grows readily from seed, transplants readily, and makes a fine tree. It
gives a fine effect to home surroundings, especially in autumn. The only objection to
its use on the open prairies is its liability to injury in the tops the first and second
winters by severe cold. It should be planted under the lee of the cottonwood or
willow.
Black walnut should be planted by all growers of timber. For posts, for building,
for fuel, and for its fruit, it has special value. This tree should also have an outside
belt to the north and west, for protection while young. As it gets beyond its third
year, I consider it hardy.
European larch I consider a valuable forest tree, entirely hardy on our prairies. It
grows moderately fast, and its only drawback is the love the locusts have for its leaves.
It is very impatient of injury to its leaves, and suffers from even their partial loss
more than any of our trees.
The linn and the several varieties of elm are planted but moderately. I do not
believe these trees are appreciated.
1 Twelfth Report, p. 266.
2 Populus monilifera.
3 Negundo aceroides.
54
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
In noticing the progress of planting by counties, Mr. Wright men-
tions Plymouth County as having many groves, from three to six years
old, covering from one to six acres, and farms surrounded by hedges
and timber belts. In Sioux County, the most rapid progress was being
made in forest and fruit tree planting. In a colony under the leadership
of Mr. Henry Hospers, started seven years ago, and covering five Con-
gressional townships, there was not a farm without more or less trees,
and some of them considerable groves.
In Lyon County is a company planting trees, who live at Normal, Ill.,
under the Hon. Jesse W. Fell as manager. It has about nine sections
of land. In the center of each section they have broken up forty acres
and planted trees, and there is a strip planted on the section lines.
Nearly all the kinds above named have been planted-the European larch
quite largely; and there are many other groves of from three to six acres.
in good healthy condition.¹ Osceola County had but one lone native
tree within her borders, but now the county can justly claim some of
the finest groves of their age in the district. In O'Brien County thou-
sands of forest trees have been planted, and hundreds of acres are
¹ In a letter to the Chicago Tribune, dated at Bloomington, Ill., December 31, 1879,
Mr. Fell gives the following more detailed account of the plantations in Lyon County,
above referred to:
"In the summer of 1869 a number of the leading citizens of this and an adjoining
county-including the then president of the State Normal University, Dr. Edwards,
the Hon. Robert E. Williams, and eight others-hearing of the wonderful beauty and
fertility of Northwestern Iowa, were, after a month's exploration of that neighbor-
hood, so favorably impressed that they bought of the government, in a tolerably com-
pact body, a little more than is ordinarily comprised in what is called a Congressional
township of land, at $1.25 per acre. These entries were made in what is now known
as Lyon County, Iowa, in close proximity to the northwestern corner of the State, and
about fifteen miles southeast of Sioux Falls, now so rapidly growing in importance.
Deeming it unwise-not to say wrong-to appropriate large bodies of land without
improving the same, as well as selling off a part to actual settlers, this policy was at
once agreed upon. In pursuance thereof, in the summer of 1870 we broke up the cen-
tral forty of five adjoining sections, and the year following that of four other sections,
designated on the accompanying map as sections 19, 20, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 36
of township 100 N., ranges 47 and 48 west.
"The central forty of section 31 was set apart for a village site, on which has been
planted about 600 street or shade trees, and where are now living seven families,
besides several young unmarried men, all of whom own and are improving farms in
the immediate neighborhood, and others more remote. The name given the village is
Larchwood, which has a good district school-house, a post-office, and a tri-weekly line
of stages running from Beloit, on the Sioux City and Pembina Railroad, to Rock
Rapids, the county-seat of Lyon. Larchwood derives its name from Larch trees, which
we have planted in the vicinity, and at present is little else than a pleasant place for
a town and for social intercourse among the neighboring farmers, who, I am glad to
add, are quite above the average settler on the score of general intelligence and cul-
tivation.
"The central forties of the eight surrounding sections have been improved by plant-
ing on the outer sides thereof from eight to twenty-five rows of forest trees of various
kinds, including the White Willow (Salix Alba), Maple, Larch, Scotch and Austrian
Pine, White Elm, Honey-Locust, Box-Elder, Black Walnut, Basswood, Quaking Asp,
Cottonwood, etc. Many thousands of these trees, more especially the Willows, have
already attained considerable size, being from six to twelve inches in diameter, and
from twenty to thirty-five feet high. Nearly all the above varieties have done well;
but, as the result of our experience, were I called upon to designate one tree which,
more than all others, I would recommend for general planting, I would say unhesi-
tatingly it should be the White Willow. It is not only an easy and rapid grower, re-
producing itself when cut down, no matter how old the tree, with astonishing rapid-
ity, but, when grown, makes valuable, lasting timber, as European experience for
centuries has abundantly proven. It splits, too, as no other timber does-not even
the American Chesnut-and yet holds a hail or railroad spike with grip equal to hard
wood, as demonstrated on the Chicago and Alton Railroad, in sight of where I am
now writing.
"The leading object in thus selecting the central forties of the sections for these tree
improvements, and the location of the plantings on the outer sides, was to have open
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
55
to-day covered with groves ranging from one to eight years old, the
cottonwood predominating here, as in all parts of the district. Monona
County is also mentioned as having magnificent groves, especially those
set by the Hon. C. E. Whiting. Woodbury County had planted hun-
dreds of acres of forest and fruit trees.
On the distribution of Forest Trees in Southwestern Iowa.
In an article by Prof. J. E. Todd, of Tabor, Iowa, communicated to
the State Horticultural Society in January, 1878,' with inferences con-
cerning the origin of prairies, some facts are mentioned that deserve
notice. After remarking that the soil over wide areas in that region is
very deep and uniform, and the surface infinitely varied, with every
possible angle of inclination, and sloping in every direction from the
elevated plain to the bottom lands, with occasional knolls of gravel and
ledges of rock, he describes the timber as occurring naturally under the
following circumstances:
First. In the hill region where the slopes are from 5° to 10° it is found much the
most generally on the northern slopes, just north of creeks flowing east or west.
Timber is found in the same region a little less frequently on the western
slopes, east of creeks flowing north or south. On the same streams considerable tim-
*
*
spaces in the center of each forty thus belted around, in which to plant fruit and
other trees needing protection; and also to give to the owner of each quarter-section
of land, when sold off (which is generally done in quarter-sections), a pro rata share
of these timber-belts and shelter.
Having made the plantings above indicated, and the county authorities having by
a general order established public roads on all the section-lines throughout the county,
after a careful survey of the nine sections referred to we commenced planting double
lines of willow-hedges on these sections and some of the half-section lines on which
roads had been established, leaving open spaces, four rods wide between, for the high-
way. This has been carried on for the last three years, till there is now within and
around the nine sections sixty-three and a half miles of hedging, a large share of
which is from ten to fifteen feet high. To protect from fires these hedges, as well as
the groves referred to, fire-guards have been broken up and kept in cultivation, cov-
ering in all several hundred acres, giving to the purchaser of one of the tracts thus
improved some cultivated land on which to commence a homestead, gardening, &c.
It will readily occur to your readers that the landscape effect of these plantings is
already as striking as it is agreeable. In mitigating the force of our prairie-winds,
and breaking up the monotony of a treeless outlook, these improvements, as the years
roll on, will become important factors. A soil however rich, or a coating of grass
however luxuriant, and on undulations of surface ever so pleasing, are not all that the
esthetic eye craves, or that the comfort of man demands. He asks for trees, and birds,
and flowers; the two last as inevitably following the first as do moisture and an in-
creased rainfall. I run little risk in saying that he who looks out on the broad acres
here referred to, a few years hence will revel in a wealth of sylvan beauty little
dreamed of now, however great the changes already effected.
More recently, keeping in view the enhanced value given to our lands by such im-
provements, as well as the inducements wisely held out by the Iowa legislature in the
way of tax exemptions, we have so far multiplied and extended our plantings that
within a circle of four miles' radius from Larchwood no less than forty-nine groves and
thirteen marginal plantings have been set out, varying in size from one and a half to
twenty-nine acres, and covering in all 559 acres, of which about 175 have been planted
by other patries owning farms in the vicinity.
When, to the increased value ultimately given by such improvements we add a ten
years' tax-exemption of the lands so improved, the deduction seems reasonable that it
will amply pay to make these plantings, though I am sorry to say the average man
does not yet seem to regard it in that light, if we may judge by the thousands of tree-
less farms scattered over a State presenting such inducements. For the future happi-
ness and well-being of the millions that at no remote period are destined to crowd our
Western prairies, it is to be hoped a wiser policy will yet more generally prevail.
Lest, however, any one may draw false conclusions from the above, I wish to add that
Iowa, instead of being a laggard in such improvements, has no doubt done more than
any other State in the Union, mainly as the result of its liberal legislation.
¹Twelfth Report, p. 331.
56
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
ber may occasionally be found on the west side. All other portions of the hill region
are uniformly destitute of trees.
Second. In the bluff region, where the slopes are from 100 to 45°, just east of the
bottom lands of the Missouri River, timber is found over most of the surface, forming
a belt from one to twelve miles wide in Fremont County, and extending northward
through Mills and Pottawattomie Counties, with a narrowing and more interrupted
course, till it fades out in Harrison County. This belt is generally bounded on the
west by the crest of the most western ridge of the bluffs, leaving the slopes facing the
bottom land bare, except in two well marked cases. The first is when a lake slough
or stream comes close to the base of the bluffs; the second, when the bluff side is
deeply furrowed with ravines. In the former case the slopes are covered with bushes
and scrub oaks, often quite to the top. In the latter the ravines are wooded, usually
with trees extending considerably higher on the south side than upon the north, and
often the latter is scarcely wooded at all. These points are very evident to one riding
over the bottom lands, so far away as to get a general view.
Third. In the low alluvial valleys the timber is found along the streams, usually in
narrow strips, widening to ill the bends, and usually wider on the cast and north sides
of the streams. All other portions of the bottom lands are remarkably destitute of both
trees and bushes.
Fourth. The timbered areas are very constant, increasing very slowly, if at all,
when left to themselves. This is indicated by the existence of old trees over two hun-
dred years old within four or five rods of a prairie, and the prairie showing no sigus
of having been previously timbered. Some of these cases were on the north sides of
groves which are most exposed to prairie fires. The northwest winds usually prevail
when the prairies are burnt. Moreover, after a personal acquaintance for the past
twenty five years with numerous localities in this region where the annual fires havo
been kept out, the writer has not yet heard of a single case where the advance of the
timber has been more than five rods, and in the great majority of cases it has not been
as many feet.¹
He has not noted any cases of the destruction of timber by prairie fires, except on
the bottom lands, where the grass is much more rank and the timber is not protected
by outlying hazel thickets as upon the uplands.
Almost the only gain of timber land is due to the seeds of cottonwoods, willows,
and elms finding lodgment on the bare surface of sand-bars, "break-offs," and whero
the freshets break the turf, or cover it with a layer of bare earth. From such begin-
nings sometimes thrifty groves result, but quite as frequently the trees, so started,
bravely hold their own against their herbaceous foes, if not assisted by the favoring
hand of man.
In the slow advance of groves, before alluded to, the sumach (Rhus glabra) takes
the front rank, and the hazel follows, preparing the way for elms, hickories, &c.
From these observed facts, Professor Todd proceeds to consider the
various theories that have been proposed to explain the origin of prairies.
The principal of these are as follows:
1. Annual prairie fires. Dr. White, in the Geology of Iowa, i, 133,
expresses his belief that had these been prevented for the last fifty
years, Iowa would now be a well-timbered State-and others have con-
curred in this theory. The objection is found in the constancy of
timber areas, whether the fires burn or not, and indirectly by their fail-
ure to make prairies in Ohio and New York, when the principle is made.
of general application.
Fineness and depth of the soil, and nature of underlying rock forma-
tions. This appears to be disproved by the fact that in the same soil
totally different results are observed.
Deficiency in rainfall. But there is reason to believe that the amount
¹An interesting case has come to my knowledge, which, though exceptional, does
not seem to require a change of the statement made above. It is really an interesting
corroboration of other points of the theory proposed. In the west part of Mills
County, in hollows opening north from the bluff region towards a broad expanse of
bottom lauds, the timber has advanced in some cases 60 rods since 1850. At that time,
however, there were trees at the heads of the hollows, and previously the prairie fires
had been exceptionally efficient in keeping the timber down, as the northwest wind
swept the great fires from the bottoms directly into the bluffs. The water carrying
the seeds down the moist northern slope quickly accomplished this unusual advance as
soon as the fires were held in check. Probably the prairie-fire theory has been chiefly
built upon some such exceptional cases.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
57
of rain falling annually is nearly the same over large areas. There may
be an excess on the bottom lands, but not on either side of the same
ravine or hollow. It also appears that certain forest regions receive less
rain than some prairies.
A deficiency of winter rains and snow and occasional seasons of ex-
cessive dryness; from which it is inferred that an abundant natural
forest growth requires a somewhat constant supply of moisture, either
in the soil or air, or both. This condition appears to exist in greater
degree in the places where native timber is found growing, as above de-
scribed, either from the nature of prevailing winds, shelter from the sun,
or nature of underlying formations, the latter sometimes withdrawing
the water from the region where it fell, and at other times delivering it
in springs and rills at a distance from the place where it was received
as rain.
In conclusion, this writer, while conceding to prairie fires, the amount
and distribution of rainfall, the nature of the soil, and the temperature
and inclination of surface, more or less importance in explaining the
origin of forests and prairies, appears convinced that the fundamental
conditions of forest growth depend upon a constant medium humidity of
air and soil.
Forest Culture in the Ninth Horticultural District of Iowa.
This district is in the northern-central portion of the State, and in-
cludes Butler, Franklin, Hardin, Wright, Hamilton, Humboldt, Webster,
Calhoun, and Pocahontas Counties. In a report made to the State
Horticultural Society in January, 1878, by J. T. Painter, the following
statement is made:1
Forestry is the branch of horticulture in which this district takes the most interest and
most pride. It already far surpasses the older districts in the number of acres planted
in proportion to population. If any one questions this statement, I can show the fig-
ures in next report. The trees are small, but mostly well cultivated, and making
enormous growth. The White Willow and Yellow Cottonwood continue to be the
favorites. Soft Maple and Ash-leaved Maple come next. Elm is growing in favor.
Some are planting Ash. During the past year Lombardy Poplar has become universally
condemned. They were a favorite with the "hoppers." The second foliage, in 1876,
did not mature. When the freeze came the sap turned black. The trees all died,
except those in groves or wet ground. The system of close planting is not liked for
cottonwood, but is for the other forest trees. Sowing the groves to tame grass while
young is very objectionable. During the past season the rains were very regular, but
not overabundant, so it was an excellent year for planting. There were probably
more groves started than in any other spring. There were no tree-seeds, except Ash-
leaved Maple-caused, I think, by the April snow.
The influence of these hedges and groves, though small, makes a perceptible differ-
ence in the climate. A country whose main characteristics were once a monotonous
prairie, with some days in summer as hot as Georgia, with the roar of the blizzard and
howl of the prairie-wolf in winter, is gradually becoming more fitted for the abode of
mau. In the same territory where two men and a boy were lost and frozen to death
March 3, 1870, aro groves now fit to hold camp-meetings in in summer, and where the
wild birds will wake you any winter morning.
On the Planting and Management of Evergreens in Iowa.
In a report to the Iowa State Horticultural Society 2 by C. L. Watrous,
of Des Moines, the writer limits the definition to conifers, as no broad-
leaved evergreen can survive the Iowa winters, and of the narrow leaved
trees but two or three species were deemed worthy of general cultiva-
tion, the Scotch and Austrian Pines being preferred to all others. After
repeating the well-established rules of guarding against exposure of the
1 Twelfth Report, p. 279.
2 Report for 1877, p. 230.
58
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
roots to the air and sun, and selection of mellow, well-cultivated soil, he
remarks:
Evergreens will bear shipping and transplanting in masses, where they would fail
disastrously if planted singly. They are wonderfully sociable things, loving company
as well as men. Years of growing and selling evergreens, and watching results, have
but confirmed my belief in these principles.
*
Though we may not have the Hemlocks and Balsams and Cedars of the East, with-
out too great care and labor, we at least may have the sturdy Pines in almost any sit-
uation where another tree will grow. Then let the prairie dweller, who would have
plenty of greenery about his home in winter, and an abiding shelter from storms, be
of good heart. Let him procure a goodly number of young trees of Scotch or Aus-
trian Pines. From one to three feet high will do. If he desires a windbreak, let him
prepare the ground well-as if for a hedge-row-and then plant the trees thickly;
touching one another if possible. Some will fail, but enough will grow with good
plants and ordinary care to leave plenty for the line, after taking out enough to make all
needed groups elsewhere about the home. If intended for general planting, the trees
should be taken from the nursery, unless it be very near at hand, and planted in good,
mellow soil as closely as will allow cultivating by horse-power. Treated in this way
they will soon become vigorous in their new home, and may then be transplanted early
in the spring to the lawn, or where desired about the place, without any undue ex-
posure of roots. By a little extra care, a ball of earth may be so removed as to not
expose the roots at all. If any fail, others remain in the bed, and may be put in place
next season.
It is a great mistake to suppose that only very small evergreens may be successfully
transplanted. Last season I successfully transplanted a Scotch Pine about eight feet
high, from cultivated ground into a heavy sod. It retained its foliage, put forth new
buds, and seems now in excellent condition. We set the tree about a foot deeper than
it grew before, pounded the earth well over the roots, and shortened the young growth
well with the knife. When dry weather came the foliage began to lose color, and to
drop in spots. We dug a hole at the upper side and poured in water as long as it
would settle away. The thirsty tree took in ten bucketfuls at the first drink. In a
week it took in as much more, but the leaves regained their color. In a few more
days came plenty of rain, and the water-bucket was needed no more.
In the spring
of 1876 I planted a line of windbreak about thirty rods long, using Scotch Pines five
or six feet high, planted five feet apart. The trees were set about nine inches deeper
than they stood in nursery, and well pounded in. No extra care was used or any
water at any time, except to puddle the roots before planting. They were not mulched
or shaded-simply plowed like a row of corn. After every heavy rain and wind they
were straightened and the earth again pounded about the trunks. We followed the
plan of Professor McAfee, and with the hands broke off all buds at planting. In the
spring of 1877 about a dozen trees were needed to replant, and those all grew well.
We planted a similar line for a neighbor, using trees about a foot shorter. following
the same plan, and in spring only six trees were needed to replant. This last experi-
ment was tried in a young orchard, which gave the evergreens some protection from
wind.
* *
The unskilled planter should beware of forest seedlings, no matter how cheap. The
change is so great in what Mr. Darwin would call their environment, that failure is al-
most certain, with only ordinary care. When evergreens are received from the distant
nursery, they should be unpacked, the roots carefully puddled and nicely heeled in,
in the shade if possible. If shade is not convenient, they should be lightly covered
with straw or brush, till again accustomed to the air. If planted at once in the sun.
or hot air the change may be fatal.
When the ground is well prepared, as for corn, draw a line, open a trench with a
spade, leaving one side perpendicular, set in the trees, having puddled the roots afresh,
cover the roots well with soft earth, and use the pounder, finish the filling, and use
the pounder again, on both sides of the row. Cultivate and hoe well once a week till
July 15, then mulch well between the rows with any litter, and the trees are safe if
never touched again, though a few plowings the next season will be appreciated by
the trees. I am a firm believer in early spring planting of evergreens.
For a windbreak in Central Iowa, the Scotch Pine stands easily first in rapidity and
massiveness of growth, and hardiness. Perhaps the Austrian Pine comes next, being
even hardier and more stocky in growth, but somewhat slower. White Pine, Norway
Spruce, and American White Spruce may be used with good success if preferred as a
change, though none of them can laugh at cold and heat and shoot upwards and out-
wards like the Scotch Pine.
For ornamental planting there must, of course, be variety, and each will consult
his own taste; but if he follow these rules he may have, without much troubling
himself about his soil or situation, plenty of evergreens, healthy and appearing to
enjoy life, even on the prairies where it was once said trees will not grow.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
59
In the discussion that followed, one member stated that he had had
very good success in planting evergreens in the fall. He had also heeled
them in, in the fall, planting them out with perfect success in the spring.
To this it was remarked that if planted early in the fall, and if the
soil were unusually moist during the fall and winter, they might succeed;
but the evaporation from evergreen foliage is too rapid to make fall
planting safe. The prevailing opinion was strongly against fall plant-
ing, the danger apprehended being chiefly aridity in the air.
The difficulty in the making evergreens grow west of the divide was
remarked by several. A lot of cedars planted under the best circum-
stances had failed in the valley, while on the buffs, although set with
less care, many had lived. It was conjectured that the chemical ele-
ments of the soil might be the cause of these differences.
Connection between the Distribution of Rain and of Forests in Iowa.
At the twelfth annual meeting of the Iowa State Horticultural Society
held at Des Moines in January, 1878, Prof. G. Hinrichs, of Iowa City, in
presenting the results of the Iowa weather service under his direction,
exhibited maps showing the distribution of timber in that State, and
the map of rainfall for 1877. The coincidence of the two was apparent,
and he remarked:
As for this year, so for 1876, and indeed, even for a great many individual months,
the distribution of the shading expresses the amount of rainfall (in inches), shows a
close relation to the distribution of the shading marking the percentage of the surface
covered with timber.
In reference to the rainfall in Iowa in 1876, Professor Hinrichs in his
first annual report of the Iowa weather service,' after giving a table
showing the amount by seasons at twenty-three stations, says:
A comparison of my rain maps with the forest map of Iowa, printed in the United
States Agricultural Report for 1875, shows that in 1876 the lines of equal rainfall are
closely related to lines of equal amount of forest surface; and that those parts of the
State which have a high percentage of forest surface have received a greater amount
of rainfall.
KANSAS.
Forest Growth in Kansas in 1878.
The season of 1878 proved very favorable for the forests planted in
Kansas, and especially on the plains, the growth being rapid and sound.
The following is a statement of the height of trees planted at Hutchin-
son, Kans., in a region which in 1872 was wholly destitute of timber
trees. The plantation had not been irrigated, and no more care had
been bestowed than such plantations ought generally to receive. The
planting or setting was done in April, 1873, and the report is dated at
the end of the season in 1878, giving the result of six years' growth:
Cottonwood, from cuttings
Black walnut, from seed
Box-elder, from seed...
Honey locust, from seed.
Ailanthus, from seed.
Feet.
36 Elm.
Catalpa
15
-
20
Silver maple.
18
Green ash
15
Peach
Feet.
15
15
18
16
15
Mr. C. H. Longstreth, in charge of the experimental planting of the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad Company, in referring to the
timber law as amended in 1878, says:
The most important question of all others in the planting of forests is that of close
planting. Few people seem to understand this; they seem to look only at a forest as
1
¹ Report of the State Agricultural Society for 1876, p. 546.
60
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
*
they see it growing at maturity. Now, if they will observe closely the growth of our
natural forests, they will find in every instance that trees while young grow very
close, gradually thinuing themselves out as they grow older.
It is essen-
tially necessary to plant trees closely to be successful, and practical knowledge and
close observation will convince any one of the above facts.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Tree Planting upon Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
In our report for 1877 (pages 427 to 433) we gave some statements of
results in tree-planting in Barnstable County and elsewhere in Massa-
chusetts, with particular reference to the methods of planting and man-
agement which has been attended with best success. In the Report of
the Connecticut Board of Agriculture for 1877-78 there will be found (p.
231) an article by James H. Bowditch, esq., presented at the winter ses-
sion of the board in December, 1877, which gives an interesting account
of the condition of plantations upon Cape Cod :
Without further preliminary remark, we will take a brief look at Cape Cod, Mass.,
which contains the oldest extensive plantations, save, perhaps, those of the Messrs.
Fay, at Wood's Holl' and Lynn.2
It is here we find the native pitch pine (Pinus rigida), grown from seed almost as
easily as the ordinary garden vegetables, the sandy soil and moist atmosphere favoring
its early growth. No old planter on the Cape would think of planting seedlings. He
invariably sows the seed. Now, where are these plantations, how are they managed,
and who are the owners? Let us begin at the end of the Cape and work south.
A five-hour ride from Boston on the Old Colony Railroad brings you to North Truro,
the next town to Provincetown, at the extreme end of Cape Cod. Here we find Mr.
J. G. Thompson, who very politely and quickly gives from memory the names of
twenty different parties whose plantations cover in the aggregate 562 acres, all planted
from seed, and all consisting of the common pitch pine³ (Pinus rigida), in the various
stages of growth, from 1 inch to 15 or 20 feet. As our object is to know just how these
plantations are cultivated artificially, we will explain briefly in detail:
Ten years ago these well-nigh barren and entirely profitless lands could be pur-
chased for twenty-five cents per acre; now, in the same unimproved condition, they
are worth in no case less than $2 per acre. Not a very heavy price, you may think;
but when a man sells by the hundred acres it makes a difference in value received.
These broad acres have usually no vegetation whatever, save a light growth of the
coarse beach-grass, and in some localities the low spreading poverty-grass, so-called,
and a little moss.
In most cases there is no fencing whatever, a fact greatly to the advantage of the
planter in his profit account; the division line between different owners being fre-
quently a simple plowed ridge. We now have the land for planting.
Just before the first heavy frost, usually the latter part of October, the seed is gath-
ered in the burrs, balls, or cones (thus variously called), from the pitch-pine trees,
put up in barrels or boxes, away from mice and squirrels, in a cool place, and before
spring they will have mostly opened, when the seeds can easily be shaken out. Some
people heat them a trifle in the oven to make the seed render more easily, but it is a
dangerous practice, and liable to injure the germinating power.
From one-half to three-quarters of a pound of clean seed is ample to plant an acre
of ground. They may be planted at any time of the year; but probably the best time
is early spring, as soon as the frost is out of the ground. The method now most gen-
erally followed, where from ten to fifty acres are to be planted, is to run a plow
over the whole tract, turning a single medium furrow, the furrows being 5 or 6 feet
apart. A few planters make the distanco apart about 4 feet; a few, from 8 to 10 feet.
The seed is either planted by hand in hills about 3 feet apart, dropping 3 or 4 seed
in a place, and just covering it very slightly with earth, with a hand-hoe, or a regular
seed-planter is used. The latter is probably the easier method, and one most gener-
ally practiced, and often quite as successful as the more laborious hand-plant-
ing. A boy may follow after and cover any seed left exposed. I find the cost
The market value
of planting is variously estimated at from $3 to $5 per acre.
¹ See Forestry Report, 1877, p. 427. 2 Ib., p. 431.
3 The plantations in Orleans amount to about 500 acres; in Eastham, 700; in Well-
fleet, 400; in Truro, 600; in Chatham, Harwich, Dennis, and Yarmouth, 400 each.
In regard to other towns on the Cape, definite information has not been obtained.
(Report of Conn. Board of Agriculture, 1877-'78, p. 300.)
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
61
for seed last season on the Cape ranged from $1.25 to $1.50 per pound. It takes
about a bushel of cones to render a pound of seed. After planting, no further care
whatever is given to the area so stocked in most instances. In some places there may
be gaps 50 feet long, but these spaces fill up in time of themselves from seeds of the
young growing trees. If you hire a team and drive over the open country, a look at
A 15-acre
the various plautations will abundantly repay an interested observer.
piece with trees about 3 or 4 years old, said to belong to Mr. Harvey Collins, seemed
very thick and thrifty.
There is a large tract of natural sprout oak in North Truro, which seems to grow quite
strongly; mostly the red oak. If you ask people there why they have not planted
acorns instead of pine seed, they will say that they do not kuow, only that everybody
This holds true apparently
plants the pine, knowing that to be a certain success.
throughout the length of the Cape from Provincetown to Barustable, except that this
year at least two gentlemen tried the European Larch, which seems to have done well.
Take the cars south, we visit Mr. John Doane, of Orleans, a gentleman of 86 years,
who is probably the oldest living sylviculturist on the Cape. From him we learn a
valuable lesson. He has twice been visited by the plauter's most dreaded scourge,
fire. About 10 years ago he had 7 acres of 3 years' growth burut over. Everything
was destroyed; a trifling loss, however, to what he suffered in July of this year, when
a young man, in carelessly lighting a cigar, set fire to and probably lias utterly
ruined about 80 acres of 15-year-old pine woodland, or nearly half of Mr. Doane's en-
tire forest, which embraces some 200 acres. The young man was truly sorry, and we
think he was justified in feeling so. Mr. Doane's oldest trees have been planted about
25 years, and where there was a surrounding vacant spot, especially on the southeast
side of a tree, you will find a score or more of young trees have sprung up naturally
from the seed.
The reason that the Pitch Pine on the Cape seeds principally to the southeast is
that the dry, sweeping northwest winds are the ones which open the cones and dis-
tribute the seed.
Mr. Doane
is of the opinion that cones should never be roasted in order to open them and ex-
tract the seed. Simply keep them dry until spring, then the seed will all pan out
nicely. The American White Elm (Ulmus Americana) seems to flourish admirably
here at Orleans, although there are few trees of any great size.
A few sweet chestnut have been planted, but with apparent nonsuccess.
A drive of two and one-half miles to South Orleans takes us to Mr. John Kenrick's,
a stirring man, who this year tried the following tree seeds, namely: White and Nor-
way Spruce (Abies alba and A. excelsa), White, Austrian, Scotch, and Corsican Pines
(Pinus strobus, P. Austriaca, P. sylvestris, and P. larico). The experiment was made in
this wise: A tolerably good soil was well plowed and prepared, and seed planted
about one-quarter of an inch deep. The whole was covered with boards at first,
raised slightly when the seed sprouted. The White and Norway Spruce and White
Pine seeds scarcely germinated at all. The others germinated and grew well, where
planted in cultivated land or nursery rows. Where planted in furrows or hills in
sward land, they suffered from drought, and made but slight growth. Probably not
over 20 per cent. of the hills are now standing. The Scotch Pine did somewhat the
best.
Two acres of sward land were planted with wild one-year European Larch seed-
lings (Larix Europea). These made but light growth, though certainly 90 per cent.
are living.
A few hundred wild White Pine seedlings (P. strobus) were also set. Of these, 75
per cent. are growing in good condition, apparently doing as well in sward land as in
cultivated.
From poor success in many trials of planting white pine seeds he will in the future
set only seedlings.
Some Sweet Chestnut and acorns which were planted did fairly. He proposes to
plant largely of Chestnut this early winter.
If some one will only keep us posted as to Mr. Kenrick's future experiments we may
be sure of picking up some interesting intelligence.
From Orleans, a short five minutes' ride in the cars brings us to East Brewster, and
a quarter of a mile's walk to the door of Mr. Nathan Crosby, whose grounds cominand
a superb sea-view. After breakfast, Mr. Crosby took us in his wagon for miles through
his extensive plantations and those of his brother Isaac, amounting to upwards of 300
acres, most of which is ready for the ax; also along the borders of other plantations of
similar character. We stopped frequently to examine the different conditions of
growth and specimens of peculiar interest.
About twelve years ago Mr. Crosby had offered by a man from Nantucket some French
pine seed, so called. It was strongly recommended. It was sowed and in due time
came up sturdy and handsome, and Mr. Crosby thought that, sure enough, it was a
very valuable acquisition. The first winter, however, killed a large portion of the
young seedlings, and to-day there are but two alive, and both of these are evidently on
62
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
their last legs. One of them is ten or twelve feet high. The needles are from four to
six inches in length, growing in twos, and the variety is undoubtedly the Pinus pinas-
ter, which has been planted so successfully with broom on the sand dunes of France.
Another interesting experiment was made with the seed of our common white birch
(Betula populifolia). An old cornfield was plowed, harrowed, and seeded down in the
fall with winter rye, pitch pine, and this white birch. Only a single white birch of
the original sowing remains, and that is now riddled by borers, although still green
and growing. It overtops the pines several feet. The seed may have been poor, but
probably the soil was too light for the birch to flourish, this sole survivor being in a
little hollow where there seemed to be nothing for it to feed on save sand. Noticing
in many places quite a thick deposit of needles beneath the trees, we inquired whether
this vegetable layer was not valuable for garden-dressing or for permanently enriching
the soil. Much to our surprise, Mr. Crosby shook his head very decidedly and said it
seemed of little if any value as a manure, and was really a constantly increasing dan-
ger to the plantation. If fire once got foot-hold in this light combustible ground cov-
ering, the whole plantation must go like a flash, especially if the tall dry beach grass,
which is quite plentiful in some places, gave more height and body to the flames.
He pointed out the fact that the railroad company was responsible for damage by fires
set from their locomotives, and that all along the road at exposed points it every sea-
son plowed a double furrow on both sides of the track, at several rods distance there-
from, with the special purpose of guarding against ignition from hot cinders. Some
four or five years ago a defective locomotive set fire to the pine woods in several places.
Fortunately, by timely effort, serious damage was prevented, and the cause of trouble
removed.
1
In some places the trees were growing very thickly, evidently too thickly, and Mr.
Crosby took occasion to deprecate the notion of close planting as but making work in
the future. He and his son seriously contemplate hiring some men to thin out and
actually pay them for cutting and getting rid of this superfluous growth. It will be
well for the believers in large profits of tree planting to take note of this little circum,
stance. We noticed in a number of places many pines, good sized trees most of them-
that were brown and dying; the same thing was also noticeable all along the Cape.
Mr. C. declared his inability to explain the cause, and Mr. Kenrick, of Orleans, had
previously said the same thing. I afterwards learned, however, from Mr. J. S. Fay,
that what be terms the pine weevil is the cause of the mischief, laying its eggs in the
buds in the fall, so that the following spring the young weevils have it all their own
way, entirely killing the buds. The best thing to do is to cut the tree down and let
its neighbors have more room. Practically, however, in these immense timber tracts,
you cannot go through and cut out every thing unpromising-it pays better to let the
whole thing slide and take care of itself as is done in nature.
Mr. C. is of the opinion that the cause of the trouble will probably wear away in
time. Ten years ago there was a pest which ate all the needles on the trees, but it
passed off in a few years entirely, and the trees apparently held their own. We noticed
à considerable acreage of ground upon which there was a very heavy growth of moss,
and here Mr. Crosby assured us that the pine seed simply scatterred upon the natural
surface would easily take and do well. In fact, he had sowed many acres in this
manner, thus corroborating Mr. Fay's experience at Wood's Holl. But one rarely finds
the moss so well grown and adapted to protect the young seed in early process of
growth; hence this plau can seldom be adopted.
We passed through and by many broad acres of native oak; the red, white, black,
and ground oak. The ground oak is of course a nuisance, but the other varieties do
well; and when we asked Mr. Crosby why he did not plant acorns, he said he supposed
he ought to try some, had thought of it before, but finding pitch pine a sure thing, he
had devoted himself almost entirely to that.
MINNESOTA.
Obstacles to Successful Forest Culture in Minnesota.
The Hon. L. B. Hodges, in a communication to the State Commissioner
of Statistics (Report 1877, p. 85), mentions the following as the principal
difficulties attending forest cultivation in that State:
1. Neglect of previous breaking of the sod and thorough cultivation of
the soil, or, if crops are first raised and the sod well rotted, the subsequent
neglect and consequent loss from overshadowing weeds or running fires.
2. Destruction by grasshoppers, while the trees are young; two-year-
The excellent result from thinning a dense growth of young white pine, in New
Hampshire, is described in the Forestry Report of 1877, p. 400.
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
63
old trees and over had generally escaped with only a temporary injury,
from which they had recovered. The damage done by the insects is
sweeping, extensive plantations of ash, box-elder, and maple having been
entirely destroyed. The yearling willows, although eaten down, had
sprouten again from the roots, and during the following season nearly
recovered.
Mr. Hodges regards the grasshopper as, to a considerable degree,
the curse of the prairies, and with this evil removed all other obstacles
in the way of forest culture in that State might, in his opinion, be re-
moved by "intelligence, industry, and pluck."
Logs and Lumber scaled by the Surveyors-General of Minnesota during the year 1877.
[From the Ninth Report on Statistics of Minnesota for 1877, p. 215.]
Scaled in Lake Saint Croix
Scaled at Marine Mills.
Amount rescaled ..
Log product of first district during the year ....
Besides these amounts there were logs sawed which were not scaled.
Logs and Lumber reported from second District.
Feet.
145,582, 122
. 1,541, 747
147, 123, 869
2,761, 786
144, 362, 083

Logs scaled.
Manufactured.
Carried
over.
Localities.
Logs sawed.
Logs.
Feet.
Lumber.
Lath.
Shingles.
Logs.
Feet.
Minneapolis...
Above Minneapolis.
Feet.
Anoka
Saint Cloud
-
Brainerd
Perham
Elk River
Frazee City
Cambridge
Total..
581, 587 109, 780, 140
87
9,950
59, 741
9,746, 890
257
49, 680
4, 172
553, 870
106, 416, 140 118, 176, 000
106, 416, 140 118, 176, 000 | 18, 210, 000 49, 743, 000 6, 221, 680
23,765,000
23,765, 000 | 24, 781, 460
3,081, 100
1,250,000
1,200,000
8, 976, 750
1,500,000
2, 100, 000
2,300,000
1, 850, 000
2, 000, 000
400,000
993
227, 730
New York Mills.
*300,000
600,000
400, 000
440, 000
646, 837 120, 368, 260 137, 021, 140 150, 330, 460 | 21, 391, 100 | 60, 619, 750 | 6, 221, 680
* Of this, 100,000 was hard wood and the remainder pine.
330,000
100, 000
660,000
440,000
440, 000
64
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN THE SEVERAL STATES.
Number of Forest Trees planted and growing in Minnesota in 1877, compared with the planting
of 1876.
[From the Eighth and Ninth Reports of State Commissioner of Statistics.]

Counties.
Planted on Planted on
arbor day,
1876.
arbor day,
1877.
Planted in
scason of
1876.
Planted in
season of
1877.
Whole num-
Rods plant.
ber planted
and grow-
ing, 1877.
ed on high-
ways and
on farms,
1877.
Anoka.
700
Becker
1, 044
37
8, 119
Benton
169
·
Big Stone..
Blue Earth
31, 200
18, 245
895
Brown
113, 411
95, 580
73, 258
821, 471
18, 734
Carver.
119, 529
108, 490
657, 460
16, 322
2,247
Chippewa.
24, 508
764
Chisago.
128, 692
103, 936
433, 422
3.004
Clay
300
200
Cottonwood.
27,775
900
105, 270
9,000
Crow Wing.
52, 150
454, 201
357, 009
1, 101, 562
2,444
Dakota
236
1,295
Dodge
16, 428
2, 439
2, 620
279, 577
6, 558
3,950
Douglas
15, 419
77, 100
1, 442, 486
4, 247
75
Faribault.
3, 344
195, 208
57, 955
242
37, 529
Fillmore.
1, 804, 776
352, 019
5, 993, 435
1, 562
8, 430
45
Freeborn
25, 400
7,786
7, 160
262, 913
8, 668
Goodhue.
104, 038
5, 427
490
Grant...
11, 297
5, 456
237, 549
19, 615
5, 871
3,531
Hennepin.
95, 087
38, 626
2, 964
151, 425
Houston
6, 342
6
9, 938
47
12
50
Isanti.
1, 211
3, 042
300
Jackson
Kanabec
53,977
7,501
544, 575
173, 430
910, 770
2, 569
Kandiyohi
32, 857
1,970
Lac-qui-parle
177, 662
86, 969
437, 758
19, 743
544
3, 490
Lake
133, 578
2u4, 901
466, 610
2, 190
Le Sueuer
Lincoln...
417
100
Lyon
10,870
54, 139
7,875
McLeod
156, 731
157, 410
15,796
Martin
6, 115
84, 479
22, 016
581, 092
220, 298
2, 811
80
·
35, 431
11, 187
173, 160
Meeker..
311, 643
5, 062, 423
47, 406
19, 847
25, 525
Mille Lacs
48,756
70, 169
131, 885
462
Morrison
Mower.
6, 895
2, 172
145, 555
Murray
136, 004
1, 468, 531
22, 315
2,055
13, 800
Nicollet
103, 193
208, 807
315, 550
9, 940
6, 390
44, 909
Nobles.
18, 678
190, 592
244
121, 052
47, 584
690, 343
Olmsted
529, 071
314, 029
6, 615
11, 550
6, 297
15, 879
Otter Tail
18, 981
590, 440
22, 528
14, 411
1,701
26, 495
Polk...
2,799
12, 633
262
1,630
362
Pope
12,000
•
34, 850
100
115, 554
12, 444
Ramsey
Redwood
12,000
99, 292
6, 377
2
457
924
4, 019
21, 671
Renville
76, 179
2,795
43,321
116, 118
114, 694
150, 447
1,282, 376
835
3, 284
Rice
28, 203
604, 221
1, 684
10
4, 040
545
2,302
Rock
159, 614
22, 890
18, 101
466, 247
Scott
519, 239
993, 373
23,318
Sherburne
28
Sibley
28
64, 612
11, 456
122, 634
30, 203
Stearns.
317, 731
1,295
10, 247
4, 127
54, 802
11,425
Steele..
65, 471
4, 747
1,080
205
10, 547
30, 645
Stevens.
547, 362
3,087
17, 7.70
9, 050
196, 525
70,426
Swift
406, 596
470
98,600
61, 123
184, 330
108, 841
Todd.
192, 645
350
1, 480
1,793
Wabasha
1, 621
2, 196
308
-
2,855
89
18, 838
Wadena
Waseca.
Washington
Watonwan
29, 423
612, 900
14, 543
7, 124
1,750
90,773
70
Wilkin
Winona.
Wright
Yellow Medicine
Total
60, 757
8,000
130
12, 850
202, 775
14, 570
2,928
33, 796
1, 342, 886
5, 866
442, 558
105, 786
7, 130, 277
10
29, 668
125
211, 763
3,255
3, 919
113, 636
4, 466, 371
25
265, 201
1,917
790
423, 519
1, 235
12, 401
112, 237
7,325
316, 087
28, 603, 556
205, 633
[The columns for 1876 in the above table are derived from the table given on page 161 of the Report
of the Commissioner of Statistics for that year. It will be observed that they differ considerably from
the table on page 85 of that report, which were quoted in our Report upon Forestry of last year at page
538. The planting in 1877, according to both of these statements, was considerably less than in 1876.]
{
NOTES UPON FORESTRY IN WISCONSIN: ROTATION OF CROPS.
65
WISCONSIN.
By direction of a law enacted March 18, 1878, the Assessors were re-
quired to report statistics of agriculture, which were to be compiled and
published by the Secretary of State in the appendix to his annual report.
The first returns published under this law are given in connection
with the report for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1878. The Sec-
retary, however, complains of the omissions and errors found in the first
returns and the difficulties he encountered in reducing them to a form
suitable for the press. The chief obstacles were ignorance on the part
of Assessors and in some cases their inability to use the English language.
We give the totals of one column as of special interest in this report.
Acres of Growing Timber.

Counties.
Acres.
Counties.
Acres.
Counties.
Acres.
Adams
61, 766
Green
64, 963
Pierce..
Ashland.
1, 152, 000
Green Lake
24, 337
Polkt
Barron
Bayfield.
Brown
313, 706
500,000
87,368
Iowa
71, 243
Portage
Jackson.
100, 801
Jefferson
· +
35, 781
Buffalo
14, 317
Juneau.
46, 417
Racine
Richland
Rock
·
Burnett
2,719
Kenosha
12,300
St. Croix.
Calumet
67, 331
Kewaunee.
47,995
Sauk ..
160, 662
47, 428
325,489
14, 983
185,000
57, 105
99, 034
134, 789
Chippewa
940, 200
La Crosse
34, 236
Shawano
+
+
Clark
079, 150
La Fayette
57, 106
Sheboygan
Columbia.
77,980
Lincolu
691, 000
Taylor
Crawford.
88, 198
Manitowoc
158, 534
Trempeleau
•
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas.
Dunn
Eau Claire*
Grant
Total
Fond du Lac
180, 640
Marathon
Marquette.
Milwaukeo.
Oconto ..
Outagamie
Ozankee
Pepin
104, 867
Sul, 192
Veruon
52, 069
53, 142
Walworth
26, 834
15, 410
Washington.
170,000
Monroe
51, 401
Wankesha
161, 890
73, 979
621, 720
42,563
147.241
49,453
57,087
49,989
1
1, 532, 197
41,072
40,797
161, 172
80, 511
22, 274
Waupaca
Waushara.
Winnebago.
141, 579
61.828
19,688
41, 749
Wood §
84,882
11, 229, 294
*Two towns not reported.
†Three towns not reported.
One town not reported.
Fivo towns not reported.
MISCELLANEOUS STATEMENTS.
ON THE ROTATION OF CROPS IN NURSERIES..
The great and general law of rotation which is observed in the suc-
cessful growing of field crops extends to trees and other vegetables, and
is the foundation of all profitable cultivation. Trees appear to have
some deleterious influence upon the soil in which they grow, rendering
it unsuitable during some time for the growth of the same species or
even of any woods on the same ground. Cultivators have long since
been struck with the evidences of this fact that were daily coming to
notice, and have attempted to account for it in various ways. Some
have ascribed it to excretions from the roots; others, to decomposition
without the presence of a sufficient amount of air, and others to the
fragments of roots left in the soil by the death of old trees, or in the
pulling up of stumps. With many modern chemists an opinion has been
formed that there is an injurious acid fermentation, analogous to that in
peat, or that there is a reaction of some particular astringent principle,
or that the roots rob the soil of the properties necessary for the healthy
vegetation of trees. Whatever may be the cause, it seems to be a fact
5 FOR
66 ROTATION OF CROPS: CULTIVATION OF THE WILLOW.
that the same species cannot prosper for a long period on the same
ground.
When an oak forest has been cut off, we see the beech, birch, poplar,
and other kinds spontaneously succeed it. Vast areas of pine and fir,
when first cut off, become covered with a deciduous growth, and in like
manner the latter are succeeded by the former. Examples of this are
recorded by observers in every country, and have been noticed in all
periods of the past.
It is also well understood that it is quite impossible to make a tree
grow where another has decayed. It is only with much care that vine-
yards can be at once planted on soil that has borne a growth of oak cop-
pice, and in setting new vines it is always best to take lands that have
been for some years under cultivation with some herbaceous crop.
These principles apply especially to nurseries, in which it is found ad-
vantageous to alternate the cultivation of trees with clover, poase, beans,
onions, cabbage, turnips, and other herbaceous plants, the result being
alike advantageous to the nursery and to the field crop. In the present
state of knowledge it would be quite impossible to say exactly what
trees ought to succeed a given crop of timber. The oak, perhaps, quite
as often appears to injure the crop that succeeds it, the elin less so.
Some prosper for a long period without change, while others require fre-
quent renewal, and the success of some nurserymen appears to depend
upon their close observation in the latter respect.
Theory and observation alike tend to show that in nurseries, as in
field crops, an alternation in cultivation is advantageous, due regard being
paid to the relative requirements of the vegetation under care, and
avoiding the continued use of the same species, or even families, of plants.
making the low growths succeed to the high, and those with deep tap-
roots, those with roots that run near the surface, or the reverse, and
changing the place of each seed-bed on plantations, as circumstances
seem to require.¹
DIRECTIONS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF THE WILLOW.2
3
-
For a willow plantation we should select suitable ground, and the
best is that having a deep soil near a stream, where it will be generally
soft and humid. It should be thoroughly broken up by a plow or hoe
in February, if the season permits, and then planted at distances of
three or four feet, with cuttings 15 or 16 inches long, and as large
around as a finger, selected from the varieties which we may wish to
grow. These cuttings are put in with the aid of a planting tool, aud
pressed down two thirds of their length. The cuttings of the first year
yield sprouts of little value for use; but they should nevertheless be
carefully cut, for if neglected they will be good for nothing the next
year, except for brush-fires, because they will be too branching for any
other use. When, on the other hand, care is taken to cut them down to
the level of the roots, the shoots of the second year will be several in
number, four to six feet high and fit for use. The cutting of the third
year is more valuable, and so from year to year for 25 to 30 years, when
the conditions are good and the roots vigorous. An arpent of willow
should yield a hundred francs worth or more a year, almost without care
to the owner, if kept from cattle, and the shoots properly cut down the
first years.
Chiefly from the Maison Rustique du xix. siècle, iv, p. 14.
2 Maison Rustique du xix. siècle, iv, 40.
3 In the climate of France.
ASPECT INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE: RIPENING OF THE WOOD. 67
Willows should be cut in February, or at latest in March.¹ The finest
shoots are often 8 to 10 feet long. They are cut with a strong cutting
hook at a little above the root, which thus becomes a kind of pollard.
Yellow and red willows are usually worked with the bark on, which
gives them greater strength. When large, they are split and used for
hoops, and for this use there is a large demand; their use in basket-
work is varied and indispensable. They are also used in vineyards for
holding up the vines. For white work, the Salix viminalis is commonly
used, because its shoots are much more uniform and do not send off
lateral branches.
ON THE ASPECT SUITED TO CERTAIN TREES.
Some general views were presented in our former report upon the in-
fluence of aspect upon the growth of trees. This depends in a great
measure upon the prevailing character of the winds, as to whether they
blow from the sea or the continent, and whether they have been de-
prived of their moisture by passing over high mountains. It is, there-
fore, impossible to state a general rule; but, as a general fact, the firs,
pines, larch, and birch, prosper in a northern aspect; the locust, beech,
Lornbeam, and birch, on an eastern slope; the oak, maple, and chestnut
on a southern, and the spruce, oak, beech, and hornbeam on a western
one. It is probable that the effect of prevailing winds is more felt than
the differences of exposure to the sun, unless the slope be so steep as to
shade the surface. The authority last cited, notices a difference in
quality of the wood, according to the exposure in which it grows. The
northeast, east, and south are the best, and the north west is the poorest,
because trees growing with that exposure are most liable to injury from
frost.4
THE QUALITY OF WOOD AS INFLUENCED BY CLIMATE, AND BY THE
DRYNESS OR HUMIDITY OF THE SOIL.
Timber grown in a soil where there is stagnant water for a part of
the year is apt to be of coarse, loose, and spongy texture, and weak
and tender as to strength. But if the roots are supplied with sufficient
moisture, without excess or deficiency, the wood is dense, hard, and
elastic. The best quality of wood is grown on good soil properly
drained. Granitic sand or gravel, with a subsoil which the roots can
penetrate, and from which they can obtain nourishment, will often bear
timber of fine quality, even where the surface is not profitable for agri-
cultural use. The oak grown in a thin soil upon a flat rock has usually
a large percentage of sap-wood and a brittle fiber. Timber grown in
isolated places does not, as a general rule, split as easily as that grown
in dense forests. Other conditions being equal, the density of wood
grown in the south of France is greater than that from the northern
departments. The tropical woods of exogenous families are, as a rule,
distinguished by their great weight. This circumstance prevents them.
from being floated upon rivers unless buoyed up by air-vessels or other
means.
THE "RIPENING OF THE WOOD."
This term is applied to "a process familiar enough to gardeners, as
taking place in hot autumns, and receives some illustrations from some
In the climate of France.
2 Forestry Report, 1877, p. 266.
3 Maison Rustique du xix. siècle, iv, p. 77.
4 Ib., p. 108.
68
RIPENING OF THE WOOD: ACCLIMATIZATION.
experiments lately published by M. Vesque, of Paris, in the Annales des
Sciences Naturelles. We are all familiar with the maturing process that
goes on in this hot weather, a process so characteristic of the month of
August in these latitudes that the French word for it is aoûté from août,
August. It is, however, questionable whether we have any but a vagué
and general idea of what the process really consists in. An excessive
amount of evaporation of fluid from the surface of the leaves as con-
trasted with the quantity absorbed by the roots, a consequent withering
of the leaves, and a general drying up of the tissues of the plant,
with subsequent chemical changes, resulting partly in a hardening of
the tissues, partly in an alteration of their several contents, so as to
enable them to be stored up as reserves for use under altered circum-
stances this is, roughly speaking, all we know about the consolidat-
ing maturing process commonly known as ripening of the wood. M.
Vesque's experiments were devised with the object of determining the
quantity of water absorbed when the amount of transpiration was
varied. Does absorption increase in the same proportion as transpira-
tion? What is the effect of changes of temperatue? It is not the
extent of surface merely, but the age of the leaf which must be taken
into account; younger leaves, as a rule, transpiring more freely than
older ones. Ás to the effect of temperature, M. Vesque's experiments
show that every sudden rise of temperature of the air diminishes the
amount of water absorbed by the roots. A lowering of the tempera-
ture promotes the absorption of water by the roots. When a plant is
removed from darkness to diffused light, the amount of transpiration
does not immediately diminish. The effect of changes of temperature
may be explained by the expansion or condensation of gases in the
interior of the plant. (Gardener's Chronicle, September 8, 1877.)
UPON THE ACCLIMATIZATION AND NATURALIZATION OF EXOTIC TREES.¹
The theory of naturalization of vegetables rests entirely upon a knowl-
edge of the circumstances in which each plant thrives in its native coun-
try and upon the possibility of securing elsewhere a more or less com-
plete imitation of these conditions. But we know that the mean tem-
perature of a given place on the globe is essentially determined by three
causes: 1st, its latitude; 2d, its elevation above sea-level; and 3d, its
exposure, as to whether to the north or south, or to prevailing warm or
cold winds. The texture of the soil and its susceptibility to heat;
the state of its surface, with reference to the forests that shade it or the
waters that drain it; the geographical position of the country and the
general contour of continents; sometimes the influence of certain thermal
causes of a local nature, such as subterranean fires or thermal springs,
or of cooling agencies, such as glaciers that are permanent in their in-
fluence upon the adjacent region, and circumstances which, although
secondary, are not less influential-the united effect of all these circum-
stances is too complex to enable us to determine with precision what
should be the temperature of a given place otherwise than by observa-
tion. And then, even when we come to know exactly the mean tempera-
tures due to isothermal lines, this annual mean may be very unequally
distributed through the various seasons of the year, which we can
scarcely doubt must have a marked influence upon vegetation which may
be more affected by the extremes than by the means of the temperature.
For example, if in a given locality it freezes but once in a year, all
1 Chiefly from the Maison Rustique xix. du siècle.
ACCLIMATIZATION OF SPECIES.
69
plants that cannot endure the frost must be excluded, even though the
remainder of the year may be very warm.
These observations apply particularly to trees which we may wish to
transfer to another country to increase its forestal wealth, and where we
may desire to so establish them that they may grow with their native
vigor and propagate themselves by seeding, maintaining at the same
time all their special qualities and prospering like other species, native
or long since well established, without suffering inconvenience under
their new influences.
We must carefully distinguish between "acclimatation” and “naturali-
zation." The former is that act by which we accustom an organized be-
ing to endure a climate on a temperature different from that in which it
originated. The latter, is simply the carrying and propagating a created
thing, in a country not its own. Nobody can doubt the possibility of
naturalization, as to this our fields, our forests, and our orchards of to-
day, owe the greater part of their wealth. But these also afford grounds
for doubt as to their acclimatization, properly so called, and a multitude
of facts have led us to know that each species can only endure that de-
gree of temperature which is determined by its structure, and this is a
circumstance which man cannot change.
We often remark that a new
plant is acclimatized, whereas it is only naturalized. Some learned physi-
ologists do not accept the opinion of most cultivators, who believe that
plants grown from the seed raised in the country from whence they orig-
inally came are more vigorous than those grown in a foreign home.
is only from the results of cultivation that we can learn the real truth
about acclimatization. In fact, cultivation produces varieties which
would probably never have been known in a state of nature, and which
may have in their tissues a degree of susceptibility to temperature,
which they would not have acquired alone. These varieties are chiefly
caused by hybridization, and their production affords great interest in
the study of the question of artificial fecundation. Yet these are still
by no means complete acclimatizations, for if we transport them to a
colder or a warmer climate they cannot perhaps be made to replace a
more hardy or a more delicate variety.
It
We have thought it proper to place these general remarks, as an in-
troduction to the views we are about to present in favor of the natural-
ization or introduction of exotic forest trees in the great economical plant-
ations of a country, with the view of illustrating and fixing at once in
the mind the advantages that this measure may offer. It cauuot be
doubted but that this may be done in the large way, as we see with
what facility it has been already realized with many species; and from
series of observations that go back for a century, we cannot doubt
but that the question of acclimatization has passed beyond the field of ex-
periment. With these their indefinite extension is already proved, as
with others where the various analogies of exposure, soil, conditions and
mode of vegetation guarantee in advance the result. The possibility of
naturalization of these vegetables is no longer a subject of doubt; but
it remains for us to generalize as to whether that which has been done
with some species, in the multiplication of individuals, according to
their requirements, may not be further extended to others within our
limits of latitude.
But what are the advantages that we derive from naturalization? It
doubtless promotes science and adds to our enjoyment, and especially
to our profit; for it enables us to enrich a country with timber, trees,
and other vegetation of undoubted value to mankind. But if a deep,
fertile, and humid soil excites in the native trees of a country an ex-
70
ACCLIMATIZATION OF SPECIES: CULTIVATION OF OAK.
tremely vigorous growth, we should remember that the texture of such
woods is often loose, porous, and soft, which very much diminishes their
value, as economists understand that word, so that they will not com-
pete with other woods having better qualities. But changes of soil and
climate must necessarily have a great influence on the products of growth,
and may improve them. All woods vary more or less under these
changes, and if a given species has peculiar properties, these will be apt
to yield more or less to the exigencies of external influences. It is, there-
fore, to be expected that changes and often improvements may frequently
be secured, and we have already facts sufficient to justify this opinion.
If certain trees lose their activity of growth, they may gain in density as
they diminish in the volume added, so as to balance in some degree by
improvement of quality what they lose in quantity; and the balance
may result in gain both to the producer and the consumer.
•
Another consideration should be taken into account in the attempt to
naturalize trees in a country that has long been under cultivation, and
the soil of which has been well nigh spent, so that all the resources of
science cannot save it from still further annual loss. The continued
reproduction of the same species in the same soil is known to diminish
its power of growing more, and what is true with other forms of cultiva-
tion appears to apply to trees in which after a time a gradual deteriora-
tion is observed. This seems to bring to our notice the importance of a
rotation of crops in forest culture as in grains, and suggests the benefits
that may be gained by the introduction of new species from another
hemisphere that shall be able to adapt themselves to the change. Such
an enterprise requires time and expense, but is worthy of careful atten-
tion as a means not only of enhancing the production of the soil in old
countries, but of improving and restoring it to fertility, as is realized in
the cultivation of field crops.
ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE OAK.¹
Oaks are found growing in almost every kind of soil; but where the
soil is not deep the trees are small and scrubby, and after reaching a
certain height they show signs of maturity at an early age. In deep and
humid soils, mingled with sand and clay, the oak takes its fullest de-
velopment and lives till more than two hundred years. The oak has a
tap-root which penetrates deep, and if the subsoil is not permeable to
these roots the tree languishes and never gains a large size. The soil
should be of good quality to at least three feet in depth for raising trees
to full size, and to at least two feet for coppice. When we have oaks in
moderately good or in poor soil we should give up the idea of obtaining
wood for the best uses, or of allowing them to grow to full size, for their
wood will be only fit for cooper-work, and if reddish and mottled it can
be used only for firewood. Even when such trees reach a large size it
would be dangerous to use it in important constructions, because it would
last but a little while.
It has been remarked for some years that the oak does not like to be
planted alone, for it then grows more slowly and dies out earlier than
when mixed with other kinds, such as the beech, hornbeam, and espe-
cially the whitewoods. It was formerly thought best to plant the oak
alone, but this resulted in coppices badly grown and unprofitable planta-
tions.
2
1 From the Maison Rustique du xix. siècle, iv, p. 20.
2 Poplar, birch, linden, and alder are usually so termed.
CULTIVATION OF THE OAK.
71
On the preservation of the acorns.-Without doubt the surest means for
securing a fine oak forest is to sow the acorns. We may secure a planta-
tion of coppice by layers and cuttings, but to have a good start we should
have acorns well selected and well preserved. They should be gathered
about the month of October, or at the time when they begin to fall of
their own accord, and carried to well-aired places where they may be
spread evenly and raked two or three times a day until the dampness
is off, when they may be formed into piles a foot deep and left till used.
When we do not wish to sow until spring, measures must be taken to
keep them intact, and for this several have been proposed, none of which
are entirely free from inconveniences. The following appears to be about
as good as any: In a garden, or other inclosed place secure from swine,
select a dry place, and spread over it a layer of leaves an inch deep,
upon which the acorns, after being a little dried, are piled in conical
form to the height of 3 feet. The pile should then be covered a foot
deep with the dry leaves, and over this half a foot of dry moss and
another half foot of long straw, and finally, on the apex of the cone, a
cap of straw like that which they put on grain-stacks. At the opening
of spring the acorns will be found perfectly preserved, and they should
be planted without delay, as with the returning warmth they will sprout
very soon.
For keeping acorns that are intended to feed swine or poultry they
may be simply buried in a dry, sandy soil, or they may be dried in an
oven.
Instead of sowing acorns where the trees are to remain, many persons
sow them in nurseries, and afterwards transplant in quincunx order or
in avenues. If they get them from the woods the result is generally
bad, as such plants are usually but poorly supplied with roots. Iu
taking them from the nursery we must save as much as possible of the
tap-root; in setting, spare no labor in digging a deep hole to receive it.
Treatment of the seedlings. We should avoid disturbing the soil of a
sowed ground until the young plants have become fastened by suffi-
ciently strong roots. For this reason they should not be cultivated the
first year.
In the second year they may be hoed a little in the spring
to kill weeds, and in the third year they should be hoed thoroughly in
March, and if we wish to hasten the growth we might give them
another hoeing in September.
3
In certain soils where the oak does not grow with vigor, or where it
has been browsed with cattle, or injured by frost, it is necessary to cut
it back. This amputation is done the third or fourth year, and on the
north side, which is easily done if the workman turus his back to the
south. Some German foresters not wishing to cut back trees destined
for full growth, take the precaution of suppressing the secondary stems,
reserving the finest to grow up very straight and tall. Buffon advised
a different course, and we believe his counsel founded on good reasons.
Cutting of the oak.-We should cut the oak when its growth has nearly
ceased, and when it begins to show signs of decay. It is then very lia
ble to be attacked by various diseases, without reference to its age or
size. Some oaks become old and on the decline at 50 years, while others
do not begin to fail at 160 years. It depends on the climate, the soil,
and the treatment of the plantation. It is recommended as a good means
for preventing the decay of stumps to cover them with 2 or 3 inches of
soil immediately after the tree is felled. This is a very cheap method,
and preferable to some others.
3 In France. The season would vary according to climate.
72
CULTIVATION OF THE OAK: INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICITY.
Peeling of the oak.-All parts of the oak contain an astringent prin-
ciple called tannin, which has the property of uniting with animal fiber,
and of rendering insoluble the gelatine which it contains. The bark
contains more than any other part, and that from young trees is gen-
erally preferred, although some authors assure us that the bark from
old trees is the best. The nut-galls that come from the Levant contain
still more tannin, but they are expensive, and until we have naturalized
the oak that bears them, we must use the bark young or old.
Tan-bark is best when fresh, and after it has been used by the tan-
ners, it is used in making hot-beds, for starting plants, and it may be
burned.
The bark is peeled from the oak in May, when it is full of sap. Good
bark should be uniform in texture, lively in appearance and glossy. It
takes about six or eight cords of bark to make a hundred weight of bark
extract. The stumps of the oak sprout again before the end of the year,
when the trees are felled, soon after being peeled, but if left standing they
are more frequently killed than those where the tree has been cut. The
price of bark and the value of the trees vary according to locality and
country. "I have often seen," said a German forester, "that more
money is realized from the bark than from the tree on which it grew.”
With the exception of beech, the charcoal from the oak is the best of
all, as shown by experiments made in Germany by Baron de Warneck.
In conclusion, the cultivation of the oak, whether in coppices or as
full forest, is beyond contradiction the most profitable of all others to
which land can be applied, if the soil and conditions are favorable.
INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY UPON THE NUTRITION
OF PLANTS.¹
In the course of his instruction at the School of Forestry, at Nancy,
M. Grandeau, Director of the eastern agronomic station in France, was
led to an examination of the supposed effect of atmospheric electricity
upon the growth of plants. To verify his hypothesis he, in March, 1877,
instituted experiments, as follows:
Taking two plants alike in all respects, he placed them in similar
metallic boxes, pierced with holes at the bottom, and sunk four-fifths of
their depth in the ground. They were filled with similar soil, and every-
thing was alike, excepting that over one he placed an iron frame-work,
which, while it left the plant freely exposed to the air and light, with-
drew the electricity from the plant within. From measurements, weigh-
ing, and analyses, he was able to learn the result, at the end of six months,
which led him to the following conclusions:
1. That atmospheric electricity is an important factor in vegetable
assimilation-plants withdrawn from this influence showing only 50 to
60 per cent. of the growth they would have made if freely exposed.
2. Plants growing near the ground, such as the grasses, forage plants,
&c., are influenced in the notable proportion of 33 per cent. by this agent.
3. The proportion of protein matter does not appear to depend sensi-
bly upon this cause.
4. The proportion of incombustible matter (ashes) is sensibly greater
in the dry substance of plants kept from this influence.
5. The proportion of water is greater in plants growing in the open air.
6. The vitrification of the soil did not appear to be favored by atmos-
pheric electricity.
The effect of overshadowing forests upon the undergrowth may find
¹ Comptes Rendus, of the French Academy of Sciences, July 8, 1878.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICITY: SOWING OF SCOTCH PINE. 73
explanation in part from these experiments. Other observations were
cited, tending to show that electricity increased the rate of evaporation
from the soil.
From the foregoing and from observations made at Montsouris it ap
pears that the rate of vegetation depends upon the activity of the elec-
tricity rather than upon the question of its being positive or negative,
as shown by the electrometer. It has further been observed that years
differ in the amount of their electrical indications, as is shown by the ob-
servations at Moutsouris, where the sum of average daily records, on
the scale employed in the three months of greatest activity in vegetable
growth, in the two years observed, was as follows:
April.
May
June.
1877.
1878.
410
872
352
439
349
242
1111 1553
The year 1878 was as superior to the preceding in the abundance of
its vegetable growth as its electrical indications were greater; but as
to this comparison in forage crops, it was noticed that the nutritive value
bore no relation to volume. It seemed to depend rather on the actinic
degree, or the amount of sunlight. In regard to cereals the case was
more complex, as the weight of the grain did not correspond with that
of the straw. If light was necessary for the full development of the
herbage, it appeared less so for the grain.
As these comparative observations were only begun in 1877, it is too
early to look for positive results; but the points above noticed are suf
ficient to indicate the importance of studies directed to the effect of
woodland shade, and the electrical influence of trees, upon the vegeta-
tion within its influence.
ON THE SOWING OF THE SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris).
[Maison Rustique du xix. siècle, iv, p. 72.]
This tree may be sown in two ways, either using the entire cones or
the seeds separated from the cones, and from their wings. It will grow
in poor, sandy land, if once it gets established, but does better in soil
not liable to drought, and containing some loam, and with the surface
covered with vegetable mold. The ground should be prepared in autumn
by working it to receive the seeds. If it be fixed sauds, it will be suffi-
cient to pass a harrow over it, but sometimes we do not wish to risk
this, from fear of rendering the sands liable to drift. We should care-
fully avoid making the ridges run from the top of a slope to the bottom,
lest the seed get buried too deep, or the young plants get washed out.
The seeds ripen generally towards the beginning of October, and loosen
in spring when the weather becomes warm. The time of gathering them
is, therefore, from the end of October till April.
The sowing of cones entire. This method is best adapted to naked
places without shelter from the sun, as well as for sandy plains and
masses of uncovered sands. For a surface entirely bare, it takes 24 hec-
toliters of cones to seed a hectare of ground. They may be scattered by
hand along furrows made with a plow or hoe. They will open of their
own accord, and allow the seeds to escape, but only on the side where
the soil is next to cone, and not on the upper side. To render the sowing
uniform, when the cones are perfectly ready to yield their seed, a brush
harrow may be passed over them, when the cones, by rolling, will scatter
the seeds that remain, and we may then abandon the success to the
chances of nature.
74
CULTIVATION OF THE PINE.
UPON THE CULTIVATION OF THE PINE IN CENTRAL FRANCE.
[A note presented from M. de Béhague at a session of the French Academy of Sciences,
Compte Rendus, lxxviii, 573, February, 1874.]
The sowing of seeds in Central France is generally done without suffi-
cient care being taken to study the nature of the soil, and we often find
the Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) sown in a soil that is better fitted for
the Pinus sylvestris.
The maritime pine is indeed not delicate as to the ground in which it
will grow, but there are great differences in soils as to whether it shall
grow much or little. We observe at Sologne the most perfect results of
this species, yet at no great distance these pines are meager, slim, and
defective. The former may be kept sixty years or more, while the latter
will not last 25, and often perishes in less time, and this upon soils which
appear to be of the same quality. The former have a ground which the
roots, and especially the main central roots, can penetrate, and the
others a tufa more or less argillaceous and impermeable, into which
the main roots cannot penetrate, so that the tree grows only by its lateral
roots, which are interfered with by those of neighboring trees, and when
the soil is softened by heavy rains it often happens that the wind will
overthrow them.
From these considerations it follows that every proprietor who would
convert his lands into a pinery should carefully study the soil, for one
pinery often differs from another by two or three times in value, not
only in the productive quality of the soil, but also in its constituents,
depth, nature of subsoil, and hygrometrical conditions. We need not
experiment long upon the sowing of the maritime pine. It will be
enough that a laborer work up the soil and scatter 15 to 20 kilograms of
seed to the hectare (13.6 to 17.8 pounds to the acre), the price of which
is 25 to 50 centimes the kilogram. It may often be sown with a cereal,
on the stubble, or in a field of buckwheat, or simply on a newly grubbed
field. The presence of furze plants is often an indication that the soil,
or at least its surface, is suitable for the maritime pine.
It remains, however, to study the nature of the subsoil, because upon
this depends the future complete success of a pinery that shall produce
as much as possible, and that can be preserved for the longest time;
and in this we cannot make ourselves too certain. In general, we would
not hesitate to advise against sowing the maritime pine on a tenacious
clay soil covered with rushes or the great heather. Such soils are, how-
ever, marvelously suited to the Pinus sylvestris; and it displaces even
better than the maritime pine the rank herbage, briers, and reeds, which
it smothers with its powerful branches. It supports itself in a more
compact series, and resists better than the maritime pine the force of
heavy winds.
When the seed has been sown and springs up, the important labor
presents itself of thinning and spacing, for on this depends the futuro
welfare of the pinery; aud in order that it shall return the greatest
profits, it must be an object of constant care. At what age should we
begin the thinning? One person will say at three or four years and
another eight, nine, or ten. At three or four years the labor is ex-
pensive, and the product nothing. At eight, nine, or ten years we
get some faggots, it is true, but they do not amount to much in value,
and they are taken at the expense of the future. The maritime pine,
like all the conifers, lives partly from its leaves, and they must be allowed
to remain in certain proportion.
If the first thinning be made at eight, nine, or ten years, the pines will
CULTIVATION OF THE PINE.
75
be 40 to 60 centimeters (16 to 24 inches) high. When too greatly pressed
for room the tops alone will have leaves, and when left alone they will
have only a tuft at 30 to 50 centimeters (12 to 20 inches), and sometimes G60
centimeters (2 feet) from the ground. The wind will injure them,
and it will take a year or two for them to accommodate themselves to
the condition, air, and circumstances favorable for growth. If the sup-
pression had been done at three or four years, we should have to show
no immediate profit, it is true, but such future advantages to the trees
that we do not hesitate to say of from five to ten times greater value
than the scanty trimmings would have been worth at an older age, and
which would then scarcely pay the labor of cutting them.
At three or four years the maritime pine is still in an herbaceous state,
if in a sandy soil, and can be readily pulled up by hand or easily started
with a flat pick. One man can thin from 30 to 50 ares (0.74 to 1.24
acres) a day, and space out the shoots that are 50 to 70 centimetres
(19.7 to 27.6 inches) high.
In this condition the young pines not only form and elongate their
tops, but preserve some one and others two crowns, according to the more
or less deuse character of the sowing. The young pines relieved at this
age from the excess of growth around them, and allowed to occupy the
spaces between them, take a conical form, which gives them power to
resist the winds. They do not get checked in growth, but continue to
thrive all the better at this tender age if they are allowed to form
branches than they would if they had a top only, and were thinned at
seven, eight, or nine years.
Then, if we take care to repeat this operation every three or four
years, without even breaking the crown, and the thinning be made care-
fully, so that the pines be not too crowded, and the higher do not kill
the smaller, and so that a third of their length be furnished with branches;
in short, if the work be done regularly, and so that every tree shall en-
joy its full opportunity without touching another. The light, although
necessary, ought not, however, to be too abundant.
By these successive trimmings we may obtain pines worth at fifteen
or sixteen years more than pines at twenty or twenty-five years where
the thinnings have been made with less care. As we have shown that
the more we isolate the maritime pine the faster it will grow, the care
of the forester should be directed to this end, as well for his own inter-
est as that of the country, for the atmosphere of a district abounding in
resinous trees is more exhilarating and salubrious.
[It will be seen by reference to the accounts of pine plantations upon
Cape Cod, that the Maritime pine has not succeeded in that region. Its
failure is doubtless in a great measure due to the coldness of the climate,
as this pine will not grow successfully in Northern France. We are not
aware that the Maritime pine has been plauted in our Southern States
to an extent sufficient to justify an opinion as to its capabilities there,
but we deem the experiment one worthy of trial, and presume that no
climatic conditions would hinder its success in that region. The above
suggestions as to management, in the cultivation of the Maritime pine,
have quite a wide range of application, and would be found suitable for
many other species.]
MULTIPLICATION OF CONIFERS BY CUTTINGS AND GRAFTING.
[From Carriere's Traité Général de Coniferes, 1st ed., p. 581.]
Before describing the different operations relating to the multiplica-
tion of conifers by cuttings and grafting, I deem it necessary to make
76
GRAFTING OF CONIFERS.
genus,
known a process to which we are often compelled to resort to remedy
an inconvenience entirely independent of the difficulties which we some-
times meet in assuring success. This inconvenience is often very great,
at times almost insurmountable, and is met sometimes in a whole
and sometimes only in some of its species. It consists in not being able
to obtain, or at least without difficulty, a vertical shoot, when we use in-
cuttings on grafting the lateral branches. This is especially the case
with the genera Abies, Araucaria, Cephalotaxus, Taxus, Torreya, and
Tsuga, as well as with several species of the Podocarpus, and especially
such as belong to the tribes Nageia and Stachycarpus. To obtain in
these genera or species a vertical shoot, it is necessary to take from a
seedling the end of the leader or terminal end. A double advantage
results from this retrenchment, for the plant that has been pruned sends
up several heads instead of one, and furthermore this truncation deter-
mines upon the stem itself the formation of adventitious buds which
possess the same properties as the terminal bud, and may be used for
the same purposes. The trees thus top-pruned and destined to furnish
cuttings or grafts receive in practice the name of Mothers.
We will now return to the propagation by cuttings.
Two seasons in the year are recognized as most advantageous for this
process: the first, before vegetation has started in the spring; the other
and preferable tiine, after the growth has ceased and the buds of the
year are sufficiently consolidated. If, however, the mother-plants are
placed in a hot-bed, which is always more advantageous, we may with-
out interruption continue the propagation of cuttings from September
to February or March.
Certain species of the pine, especially those of Mexican origin, give
birth at their base, and often on the trunk, to small adventitious shoots,
which never come to much size. These may be easily rooted. We may
also in some cases increase the production by clipping back the head, as
above described.
The precautions to be taken in starting cuttings from conifers are the
same as in cuttings generally. After having neatly cut the base of the
shoot or the branches that we wish to root, we suppress all the leaves
and then plant, either separately in little pots filled with light sandy
soil or together in little beds. In either case the cuttings are placed
under a glass in a multiplying bed. When rooted, if they are in beds,
they must be separated and each one put in a separate pot, or if at first
separately started, they must be given more space. The latter is always
preferable, because the young roots are generally very fragile and are
apt to get broken in separating them. The plants, when re-potted, are
then placed under glass to hasten their growth.
In some species, as of the Taxus, Sequoia, &c., the rooting of cuttings
must be done in cold soil, but the process does not otherwise differ from
that above described. Instead of setting them in a warm bed, they are
set in the open air, under glass exposed to the north; but in this case
the most convenient time for doing this is autumn. The cuttings must
be kept from the sun and from frost, if belonging to species that might
suffer from this exposure.
We have one remark more to make about the cuttings of conifers.
As most species require some time to root, we ought, whenever this time
exceeds two months, to change the soil, because the first, decomposed by
the water of the sprinklings and by the high temperature of the bed, and
the confined air under the glass, becomes injurious rather than benefi-
cial in the development of the roots. It is easy to know this when the
GRAFTING OF CONIFERS.
77
callus, although well formed, becomes black, and in this condition they
root with great difficulty; but if the soil is changed they will start readily.'
Grafting of evergreens.-The first condition of success in grafting
consists in an intelligent choice of stocks. These should be young,
vigorous, and, above all, well rooted. Another condition not less im-
portant, and even indispensable for success in grafting, is that there
should be a perfect relation between the scion and the stock; that is to
say, an analogy as complete as possible. We should, therefore, take for
the stock a plant of the same genus as the one we wish to multiply,
provided that it has at least equally vigorous growth, and, furthermore,
one that is as nearly related as possible with the kind we wish to propa-
gate. Thus, among the pines, of which there are many species, we
should take into account, besides genus and vigor of growth, the essen-
tial characteristics of habit of growth, analogy of leaves-that is, re-
semblance as to number in the sheath, and other peculiarities, which,
when carefully observed, will lead to most satisfactory results. I will
specify by citing some examples that apply. The silver-leaf species of
the pine should be grafted upon silver-leaf. The pines with five leaves
in each sheath would serve with the Pinus strobus, P. Cembra, P. excelsa,
&c.; but experience has shown that the P. strobus is a species very diffi-
cult to manage, and that it agrees with but a very small number of
species, while the P. Cembra agrees with a great number, but it has the
disadvantage of growing but slowly. The P. excelsa is also very accom-
modating, but it is as yet too scarce to be employed as a stock. Among
the 2-leaved species we may choose between the P. sylvestris, P. Salz-
mani, P. larico, and P. Austriaca, as presenting analogies for grafting.
Of the species belonging to the group of P. Halepensis, we may take for
stocks the P. pyrenaica, P. Brutia.
If we wish to graft the little species of 3-leaf pines, such as the P.
Bungeana, P. Cembroides, P. Fremontiana, &c., we may use as a stock
the P. Llaveana, of which the character of vegetation and appearance
are very much the same.
'Mr. Josiah Hoopes, in his Book of Evergreens (p. 41), remarks that the cuttings of
conifers during the callusing season should be preserved cool, and the buds prevented
from swelling; but when the action of the sap forces the growth of the cutting, the
atmosphere must be kept moist and warm. The sprinklings must be frequent and the
drainage complete. The callusing, which ensues soon after heat is applied, is no cri-
terion that the cutting is about to root, as it will frequently stand for two years in a
perfectly quiescent state, the large, spongy excrescence enlarging until it has to be
removed altogether. By making a smooth, perpendicular cut through the mass, roots
will frequently start from the cut edges in a short time.
Cuttings of soft young wood in the growing state, if taken from a plant grown un-
der glass, will sometimes grow to advantage, and the Lawson's Cypress, which is very
difficult to make live by the ordinary management of cuttings, succeeds tolerably well
under this treatment. Mr. Hoopes recommends October and November as the proper
time for setting the cuttings of evergreens, leaving them passive till severe weather
sets in, and then gradually applying heat to the soil until the proper degree is obtained.
This author mentions the pines as extremely difficult to propagate by cuttings-the
junipers as extremely easy. The larches grow with some difficulty, the cedars better,
and the spruces and some of the firs the most casy of the sub-order. The cypresses
root more or less readily, and the yew family with varying success. All plants with
variegated leaves are difficult to manage, excepting the yews. The Abies Menziesii
roots very easily, the 4. Douglasii and A. Canadensis just the reverse. The Biota ori-
entalis is not very difficult to propagate, but its variety, the pendula, is most certain to
"damp off" and die. The Irish juniper is quite easy to manage, while the Chinese
species will scarcely ever live.
Mr. Hoopes insists upon the importance of using only ripened wood for cuttings,
and prefers large and vigorous cuttings, with all the immature tips removed down to
the ripened wood, the latter being known by the light-brown color of the back. The
removal of leaves is not always indispensable, especially with the junipers, but the cut
at the base should always be neat and smooth, and oblique rather than square.
78
GRAFTING OF CONIFERS.
The difficulty is much greater in 3-leaved pines of the tribe Tæda, and
in the 5-leaved tribe Pseudostrobus, and in these two cases we are often
forced to act without rules in taking notice of the affinities or liens of
the parent, for we have as yet in these groups no species that presents
the requisite conditions. We, accordingly, graft the P. Sabiniana, P.
Coulteri, P. longifolia, P. filifolia, &c., all 3-leaved or 5-leaved species,
upon 2-leaved stocks, and for this the P. Austriaca and P. Salzmani
make the best.
What we have said of the pines applies to all other genera-never, if
possible, going out of the genus; but, if this embraces but one species,
taking the nearest approach to the one we wish to multiply. I am
aware that some nurserymen have no regard to the rules above given,
grafting promiscuously one upon another, as a 5-leaved upon a 2-leaved
species, without taking account of the vigor of their growth. I have
more than once seen in good workings very respectable horticulturists
grafting the Juniperus, Cupressus, &c., upon the Thuja occidentalis; but
what followed? The graft grew, it is true, but after languishing for
some years it died. I know, also, that in some cases the want of stocks
compels us to depart from rules, but then necessity makes the law, and
we should only recur to these exceptional means when it compels.
The modes of grafting employed in conifers are, insertion in a notch
without splitting, the lateral split on the side known as the Richard
process, and sometimes, but rarely, the common cleft method; but the
complete removal of the main stem of a stock will oftener kill it, at least
unless a part of the branches are saved to draw the sap towards the top.
Except in herbaceous grafting the period well suited for the conifers is
autumn, when the buds of the year have lignified, but better still Feb-
ruary, before vegetation has started. As for the scion, although older
wood may grow, it is best to take that of the same year, provided that
is sufficiently hardened.
The operation of grafting does not present any particular difficulties.
That of the notch without splitting is done in the same manner as for
the Camelias, Azaleas, and Rhododendrons. When we use the method
of splitting down the side, after preparing the scion as in the common
split graft, we make the cut obliquely, or almost longitudinally down
the side of the stock, without cutting off the top, and in this we place
the graft, using the ordinary precautions. The use of the split graft is
very restricted for reasons above indicated. In either of these cases, as
soon as the operation is finished the plants should be placed in a warm
place under glass, where the temperature is sufficient but the humidity
not great, as this in excess is always dangerous to grafts. If we notice
that they are covered with an excess of moisture, the glass should be
raised, to enable them to dry. When set, the plants should have the
air for some days, by raising the glass, and after a time they may be
wholly removed. If the species is delicate and they appear to require
it, the plants may be kept some time longer in the multiplying bed, and
afterwards for a time sheltered from the air and the sun.
Herbaceous grafting.-Although probably destined to render great
services to sylviculture, this method has hitherto been employed rather
as a curiosity than with the view of profitable result. Being first called
grafting by immersion by the Baron Tschudy, who was the first to prac-
tice it, it received from horticulturists the name of Tschudy's method, in
honor of its inventor, but at present it is more commonly called herba-
ceous grafting. This term has moreover a variable meaning, according
to the parts to which it relates, according as the stock or the scion are
still tender and herbaceous. It is in fact nothing but the common split
GRAFTING OF CONIFERS.
79
graft worked under different conditions. This operation is to be done
in the month of May, while the buds are about three-fourths grown for
the year, but while their tissues are still tender. I may add that hitherto,
so far as concerns the conifers, this method has been applied only to the
pines; but it is quite probable that it might be employed in other genera,
such as the Picea, the Abies, &c. In executing this grafting, trim off
the leader or terminal bud of the tree we wish to graft, and trim off the
leaves from the stock near the top, excepting a few left to draw the sap
to this point, and called for this reason nursing leaves. We then split
the stock longitudinally and insert the scion, which should be a young
bud in herbaceous state, like the part in which it is placed. The scion
should be 6 to 10 centimeters (2.36 to 3.93 inches) long, and prepared as
follows: We first suppress the lower leaves, and then shave down the
two sides equally to a wedge shape. It should be a little smaller than
the stock, so that when placed in the center it may be easily covered.
There is no great objection to its being of equal size, but never larger.
The split ought to be a little deeper than the thin part of the scion, but
not so that it will be covered when the parts are brought together. The
stem is then bound with woolen thread sufficiently to keep the parts in
contact which should unite, but not so as to give enough compression to
the tender wood to be seen by the eye. This ligature ought to be ap-
plied below the nursing leaves, and so as not to damage them, but to
leave them free to perform their proper functions. When finished, the
graft should be covered with a cap or paper sack, so that the air cannot
fatigue it. This covering should be attached a little below the graft.
·
At the end of a mouth or six weeks the paper is taken off, or rather it
is slit open on the upper part on the side opposite the sun, and three
weeks or a month later the ligature is removed, unless it is noticed that
it should remain longer. Finally, when the parts are perfectly united,
we pare off the ends of the scion, if they protrude, and the operation is
ended; but, if need be, it may be tied to a stake for further support. In
performing this operation the instruments should be very sharp, so as
to cut the tissues as clean as possible, after wiping off the resin, which
would soon form a sticky covering and prevent smooth cutting.
The facility and certainty with which this grafting can be done ought
to render it a precious means in sylviculture for placing valuable kinds
upon inferior stocks with a better result than could be obtained from
the former alone. This has been done in the forest of Fontainbleau,
where the Pinus larico (growing with great difficulty) is placed on the
P. sylvestris so neatly that the point of grafting cannot now be seen.
Here, as everywhere, the points of analogy should be as near as possible.
I will conclude this article upon grafting by an endeavor to elucidate
a question that has been raised, namely, "Will grafted conifers live as
long as those grown from seed?" This inquiry is suggested by the opin-
ion advanced by some persons relative to this operation, who, seeing
certain species of the pine vegetate for some years after grafting and
then relax their growth and finally die, draw a general conclusion from
isolated facts, and say, "the multiplication of conifers by means of graft-
ing amounts to nothing." To this conclusion, which in my opinion is not
well founded, I will reply from facts: Is it not proven that the pines of
the forest of Fontainbleau, which were grafted more than twenty years
ago, are now in perfect vigor, and the grafting done in good conditions is
not difficult? The point of union is so complete, and the size and devel-
opment so uniform, that you can only find it from the difference of color in
the bark. Instances might be multiplied infinitely, not only with many
species of the pine, but with the junipers, the cypresses, and other kinds.
80
GRAFTING OF CONIFERS: CONIFERIN.
Again, are not all our fruit-trees grafted? They bear good fruit and
live a long time. Have we, therefore, not a right to say of these as some
do of the pine? Yet no one ever thinks of saying that fruit-trees are
short-lived from being grafted. We should not make an exception to the
detriment of the pines, which, I am convinced, may be grafted upon one
another and live a long time. I will again repeat that an alliance forced
upon the different species may not be durable unless the analogy is
as complete as possible. It remains, therefore, perfectly demonstrated
by examples that failures should not often occur in good conditions.
The scion should always present physical and physiological characters
as nearly as possible like the stock; that is, if the habit of growth, vigor,
number of leaves in a sheath, and mode of vegetation very nearly re-
semble, we should always succeed. If in many cases we stand in need
of stocks that present characters analogous to those of the species we
wish to multiply, since nature proceeds by gradation and not by jumps,
we must not rely upon others where the intermediate species are want-
ing, for such an exception would violate all the rules which long obser-
vation has led us to establish.
ARTIFICIAL VANILLA FROM PINE SAP.
In our report for 1877, allusion was made (page 143) to recent discov.
eries resulting in the preparation of a flavoring substance identical with
vanilla from pine sap. We present below an article from the Revue des
Eaux et Forêts, of May, 1878 (p. 229), which gives simple directions for
the gathering and manufacture of coniferin, from which, by further
chemical treatment, the substance in question is prepared:
We designate, under the name of glucosides or saccharides, such substances as are sus-
ceptible of being changed under the influence of hydrating agents into sugar, and
some other variable substance, according to circumstances. These principles are met
with in the barks, roots, leaves, fruits, and fluids of many plants, among which we
find some that are very active medicinal agents-those that are bitter, as in the case
of salicin-tanning and coloring materials, and, finally, bodies analogous to phlorizin
and amygdalin.
To these substances, which have long been known, there has been added within the
last twenty years a new glucoside, coniferin, which is found in notable quantities in
plants belonging to the numerous family of conifers.
This coniferin was discovered by Hartig, in 1861, in the descending sap of the Larix
Europea, and its presence was afterwards detected in all the pines and firs.
1
In 1866 M. Kuhel, of Holzminden, prepared it in a state of purity and proved that
it was a glucoside. Finally, in 1874, Messrs. Haarmann and Tiemann demonstrated
that coniferin, under the influence of oxydizing agents properly chosen, might be
transformed into vanillin, which is nothing else than the aromatic principle of the
vanilla-bean. This discovery affords another proof of the power of chemistry to create
synthetically substances that are generated under the vital processes in organic bodies,
and gives a certain industrial importance to this substance. Within the last two
years in the forests of Northern Germany they have collected coniferin by the hun
dreds of kilograms. As its price is still somewhat high, ranging from 60 to 80 francs
to the kilogram, it will be seen that it becomes a secondary product of resinous woods
that is not to be despised, especially as its preparation is quite simple. It is as fol-
lows:
The coniferin is found only in the descending sap. Accordingly, in the spring and
all through the summer, when they are cutting down trees, they take off the branches
and then the bark. The sap, or cambium, is gathered by scraping the trunk with some
sharp instrument, a scraper or knife, wiping off the dripping substance, from time to
time, with a coarse sponge, and squeezing it into a tin pail. It is necessary to scrape the
trees as soon as they are peeled, because if much time is allowed to lapse between the
two operations the evaporation is so rapid that the juices become hard and cannot be
gathered. So, in like manner, there should not be more than a day or two lost in
peeling after the trees are felled, and, in general, the quicker these operations follow
each other the better is the yield. A tree of medium size and in vigorous growth or-
¹ Journ. für Prakt. Chem, xcvii, 243.
PREPARATION OF CONIFERIN: SEQUOIA IN EUROPE.
81
dinarily yields from 4 to 5 liters of sap. When the soil is fertile and a little damp, the
tree in full vigor and not too old, it may sometimes yield from 7 to 8 liters of sap.
The temperature of the air has much influence upon the yield, which is always greater
in warm and damp weather than when cold and dry north or east winds prevail. The
sap appears as a white, milky, and clouded liquid, holding more or less of impurities,
such as specks of moss or splinters of chips. In its normal condition it contains a pe-
culiar sugar, albumen and coniferin. If left in this condition but a dozen hours, in a
summer temperature, it will pass into active fermentation, in which most of the conif-
erin would be lost. It therefore becomes necessary, to avoid this, within at most five
or six hours after gathering, to boil the sap in a kettle for ten or fifteen minutes to
coagulate the albumen which it contains. The boiling liquid is then strained through
a bag of coarse wool, flannel, or swan-skin, and the filtered liquid is then evaporated
down to one-fifth of its original volume. The liquid thus evaporated is clear and of a
yellowish color. It is set aside to cool in a quiet place for the night, and allowed to
deposit its little white crystals of coniferin. To gather these the liquid is poured upon
a cloth, and when the crystals have sufficiently drained they are pressed to force out
the brown sirup, which discolors them and prevents them from drying. A liter of sap
yields from 8 to 10 grams of pure dry coniferin.
In short, the preparation of coniferin requires three very simple operations, viz: 1.
The boiling of the crude sap for ten minutes, and then its straining to separate the
albumen and accidental impurities from the coniferin and the sugar. 2. Its evapora-
tion and subsequent cooling, to cause the coniferin to crystallize. 3. Filtering and
pressing, to separate the crystals from the sugary sirup, and the drying of the crystals.
All of these operations may be performed easily and cheaply by unskilled labor, and
they thus offer a new source of earning to our poor population. The cost of fuel is at
the lowest point, and the first boiling for coagulating the albumen is best done on the
spot where the sap is gathered, as the forest affords an abundance of waste and dead
wood, more than enough for this want; and as for the outfit, some tin pails, one or two
tin kettles holding 10 liters for first boiling, and a sheet-iron or cast-iron kettle for
evaporating, are all that is needed.
In a little work on the preparation and uses of the fir, the spruce, and
the larch, written for the Paris Exposition of 1878,¹ we find a notice of
this industry as it has grown up since 1875, in the forest of Murat
(Cantal), France, upon the extraction of the sap of the Silver fir (Abies
pectinata) as a material for vanillin:
The operation of extraction in the forest is of the simplest kind. At the time when
the sap is descending, and just as the new layer of wood is about to form-that is to
say, from the 1st of June to the 15th of August-they peel the bark from the trees
given up for working, and collect with sponges and by scraping that sap that is
about to change into wood. A woman will gather two liters (34 pints) of this sap in
a day.
The liquid is immediately boiled for thirty minutes for the purpose of separating
the albumen and other foreign substances, and it is then filtered through a flannel
strainer. Some days after this it is again boiled till reduced to a fourth part of its
volume, when the residue obtained is a semi-fluid substance, which they allow to
drain, and which they press strongly to extract all the watery portion. The mass is
then dried by a gentle heat, and appears as a whitish solid body, from which vanilline
is made made by chemical processes in the laboratory.
The price per kilogram of the material obtained in the forest is 100 francs ($18.60)
per pound avoirdupois. A liter of the sap yields about 10 grams. The forest of
Murat furnishes annually from 10 to 15 kilograms (22 to 33 pounds avoirdupois) of
vanilline.
SUCCESS OF THE SEQUOIA IN EUROPE.
The Sequoia gigantea was introduced into England in 1853, through
the exertions of Mr. Lobb, the well-known collector of plants and seeds,
and the interest taken in its cultivation has led to the endeavor to cul-
tivate it in a great variety of situations, thus affording at least the op-
portunity of observing its capacity for endurance, and of studying the
conditions most favorable for its cultivation.
From an article by Robert Hutchinson, of Curlowrie, Kirkliston, pub-
'Notice sar le debit et les emplois du Sapin, de l'Epicea et du Mélèze, Par M. Gallot,
sous-chef à l'administration centrale des Forêts. 4to, pp. 99. Paris, 1878.
6 FOR
82
CULTIVATION OF THE SEQUOIA IN EUROPE.
lished in the transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society for
1873, we note such items of result as appear to be of most practical
interest in this connection.
This tree has shown abundant proof of preference for heavy land in
the fact that in some places where trees have been planted of the same
age, and at the same time, the difference in size was quite marked when
compared with those planted in light soil. It was observed that the
tree suffers from prevailing easterly winds in the spring, and becomes
brown and rusty in its foliage for a time, but ultimately recovers. Al-
though introduced later into Scotland, there are some fine specimens of
growth. At Altyre, in Morayshire, a tree planted in 1859 was already
20 feet high. In Aberdeenshire, a tree planted in 1864 was 14 feet 5
inches high, and at Drummond Castle in Perthshire, a seedling of 1854
was 27 feet high. In Fife, a tree sown in 1858, in a good deep hazel
loam on clayey subsoil, was 27 feet high, with a girth at the base of 5
feet 6 inches.
The damp climate of Ireland, with good soil and damp subsoil, was
found to favor its growth most remarkably. In Glasslough, County
Armagh, it was seen luxuriating in rich, loamy soil, resting on a sub-
soil of clay and limestone, 293 feet high, and nearly 6 feet around at
the base, and in Tyrone a tree was reported 40 feet high at 12 years
from planting.
Although found to make a greater annual deposit of wood in heavy
loams with clayey damp bottoms, it grows very rapidly at first in a
lighter loam inclining to sandy, if the soil is deep. In damp climates
and low-lying situations, as in parts of Ayrshire, it does not thrive, and
is sometimes injured to considerable extent by severe frosts. It has
been found hardy, in conditions otherwise favorable, at an elevation of
S60 feet above sea-level, and sometimes in localities where the Douglas
spruce was less hardy. Its fitness for planting in Great Britain is
claimed to be not limited to ornamental purposes; but, taking into con-
sideration its hardiness, large dimensions, rapid growth, and durable
timber, it presents a subject worthy of attention as a forest tree, where
not exposed to frosty easterly winds, which in March and April had in
some cases materially injured its growth. Its value as a timber in that
country is, however, not yet fully established, as the specimens that
had been examined showed the wood to be of a light, soft, and porous
nature, of pleasant fragrance in a green state, and of rather coarse
grain. It remains to be seen whether these qualities would improve
with age.
An interruption of growth in midsummer has been noticed in this
tree, which produces a sort of double shoot in one season—that is to
say, starting into active growth in spring, its terminal shoot will fre-
quently, by the middle of June, have attained a length of 12 to 18 inches,
when it appears to set and ripen, when again, at the end of August or
early in September, in suitable seasons and in favorable situations, it
will push forth and grow anew till November, thus adding another foot
to the height.
This double period of growth in conifers has been more or less ob-
served in other species, and suggests the question whether in some sea-
sons, when the suspension is marked, two rings of growth may not some-
times be formed in a year, and the apparent age, as shown by their count,
be deceptive.
The Sequoia gigantea was introduced in France in 1854 by M. Boursier
de la Rivière. It has been found well adapted to the climate, where
other circumstances favor. It grows alike on plains, in valleys, and on
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
83
hills with a northern or southern aspect, in the sun or half shaded, in
argillaceous, silicious, or calcareous soil; but always requires sufficient
depth for its penetrating roots, and will not endure their mutilation.
In this latter respect, it is more exacting than most other conifers, and
it requires the greatest care in transplanting, which should never be
attempted in cold weather, but toward the end of spring or beginning
of autumn, and it should then be abundantly watered.
ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
The following article, condensed from a pamphlet by M. Inzenga,² af-
fords ample information concerning the cultivation of the sumac in Si-
cily, and the conditions that must be found in attempting its naturaliza-
tion in the United States.
3
The Rhus coriaria (tanners' sumac) belongs to the family of Tere-
binthacea of Jussieu, à thornless shrub, with leaves unequally pinnate,
leaflets elliptical, elongated, obtuse, unequally dentate, globose above
and villous beneath, upon common petioles which are winged in the last
nodes, flowers terminal in the form of a thyrse. When left to itself, in
good conditions of soil and climate, it grows to three or four meters in
height, but when cut every year in harvesting its leaves, and with de-
velopment of young shoots, it seldom gets over a meter high.
It is very bushy, and its branches, when first springing up, and while
still young, are covered with a down. Its leaves are deciduous, sessile,
arranged upon the petioles in pairs of five or seven (except the termi
nal one), and are opposite near the end, but alternate below, with two
abortive stipules some distance below the base of the common petiole.
In a stage of advanced maturity the entire plant-that is to say, the
leaves, petioles, and flowers-becomes of a reddish-purple. The flowers
are polygamous, or diœcious, sessile, greenish-white, and very dense.
The fruit is a drupe, almost spherical, and covered with a thick down.
These characters pertain to the species which has been cultivated in
Sicily from the earliest known period, furnishing in its leaves an article
of commerce of great value for dyeing and tanning. In Sicily, even in
parts most favorable for its development, this shrub rarely ripens its
seed, and hence it is necessary to renew it by shoots from the root, which
it fortunately produces in great abundance.
The sumac also grows wild in various parts of the island, and propa-
gates itself, as in the cultivated state, by shoots from the roots much
oftener than by its own seed.
They also distinguish a sumac, which, in the language of the country,
is called brown, or female, which grows, like the other, wild in some
parts of Sicily; but its cultivation is neglected because the leaf which it
bears is much inferior to that of the common sumac, and brings but a
very low price in market. It is a true botanical variety, since it offers
¹ Les Conifères, par C. De Kirwan, ii, 66.
2 Manuale pratico della coltrazione del Sommacco in Sicilia. By Giuseppe Inzenga.
Palermo, 1875, pp., 80.
3 Later classifications place it with the Anacardiacea, or Cashew family, under which
it is described by Endlicher and Lindley. This order embraces but one species within
the United States-the Rhus-of which some species are poisonous, as the poison ivy.
It is mostly within the tropics that plants of this order are found, including the Pis-
tacia, which furnishes the mastic of commerce, the Anacardium or Cashew nut, the
Mangifera or mango, and the Stagmaria, which produces the black varnish known as
Japan lacquer. The plants of this order are distinguished by having an acid or resin-
ous, and sometimes caustic, poisonous juice, which is often colored or milky, turning
dark on exposure to the air.
84
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
certain constant characters which are repeated by propagation from the
shoots, and even when transplanted to better soil and cultivated. In
my opinion it is a degenerate variety of the type above described, and
it has not escaped scientific notice, since it is described by Gussone in
his Flora Sicula.
The sumac which grows spontaneously, as we have noticed, in various
parts of Sicily, cannot, however, be strictly called native, because it is
wanting in the essential character of reproducing itself from the seed,
which, aside from all other circumstances, historical or traditional, dis-
tinguish the wild plants of a country. It is, therefore, here an exotic,
relapsed into its wild state. There are, besides, several other circumstances
which leads us to believe that the sumac originated in a warmer climate
than that of Southern Europe, Sicily included. The etymology is Arabic,
and in use from time immemorial for the fruit used in seasoning meats
in the East and on the cost of Africa, not far from Sicily, where this use
is not entirely unknown. In short, the failure of this reproduction by
seed in Sicily seems to support the opinion that the sumac is rather a
native of Egypt and Syria-countries where the fruit attains full maturity,
and serve for the natural reproduction of the plant.
The sumac thrives perfectly in the region of the olive, or, more pre-
cisely, in the lower and warmer region of the South, where that tree at-
tains its collosal dimensions, where it never freezes, and where the mild-
ness of the climate allows the orange, the carob, the pistacia, and the
Indian fig to grow in the open air, or the ash to produce manna, or the
cotton to ripen its capsule.
In other regions of the olive, where the winter is more severe, this
tree sometimes perishes, or at least looses every year a part of its branches
by the frost, and never grows to a large size. Where the orange, the
carob, the pistacia, or the Indian fig will not live in the open air, or where
the ash yields no mauna, or the cotton does not ripen, the cultivation of
the sumac is impossible. In other words, this plant will adapt itself to
a climate where there are but a few cold days in winter, when the ther-
mometer does not go more than 50 centigrade (+ 23 F.) and which do
not give a white frost on more than ten twelve days in a year. The
white frost is particularly injurious to the sumac when it strikes it at
the beginning of vegetation, and in every country where this phenome-
non appears regularly in the spring its cultivation is absolutely im-
possible. In Sicily, however, we meet almost everywhere atmospheric
conditions favorable to this shrub. The soil best adapted to its growth
is quite like that most favorable for other cultivation upon the island,
with little clay, an abundance of lime, and a moderate proportion of
silica; in a soil naturally calcareous, mellow, and, as the saying is, warm
and dry after a rain.
The sumac also grows well in soils called fertile (because they yield
the cereals), of which the base is clay, but of such condition that it will
not hold water around the roots, because this moisture, although it may
not destroy the plants, or may even give them an apparent luxuriance of
growth, will notwithstanding withdraw from the leaves the best part of
their tanning qualities. If we take, for instance, two equal volumes of
fresh sumac leaves, one from fertile and damp soil (as to grain), and the
other a barren and warm soil, and weigh these samples separately after
drying, we shall find that the former weighs much less, and that it has
a much less amount of chemical properties than the latter. As sumac
is sold by weight, and not by volume, it is well to get rid of the illusion
of cultivating it in damp and clayey soils. Being intolerant of much
moisture, it, like the vine, prefers the hillside to the plain, and a south-
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
85
ern aspect to a northern one. It furthermore requires, like the vine, to
be cultivated alone, and in the open sun, for the shade of trees has the
same effect upon it as a damp soil. They, however, sometimes gather it
in this condition, either in the shade of olive trees or from plants grown
wild among the Indian figs; but this sumac is of a whitish color, is with-
out aroma, and may be known at first sight. It can be sold only at a
very low price, unless the producers who have gathered a very small
quantity have the skill to mix it with sumac of good quality, so that it
cannot be recognized.
Sumac is propagated from sprouts (called chiantimi, in the language
These are pur-
of the country) that come up around the mature shrubs.
chased at the time when the plauting is to begin, in December and Janu-
ary, and when the young sprouts should be taken off. A plantation of
full grown sumac is therefore productive as a nursery for the propaga-
tion of its kind.
The best sprouts are those from shrubs in a good state of growth, and
from regions where they prosper most. It is idle to hope for vigorous
sprouts from old and decaying shrubs. The price ranges with that of
the leaves, and rises or falls as the latter is high or low. The propor-
tion is as 3 to 2 (exceptional cases being omitted), so that when the
price of leaves is 15 liras the quintal, in the Palermo market, that of
sprouts will be 10 liras the thousand.
We all know the importance of a good choice of sprouts in plantations.
of every kind; and this would lead to the rejection of the brown or
female sort, and also-
1. Those too short-that is, less than 0.25m.-which can produce only
feeble shrubs:
2. Those called by the country people rakes, because they have large
roots and few fibers, which prevents them from taking vigorous hold of
the soil:
3. Those called white roots, having a robust and regular form, but the
roots covered with an envelope of whitish and silky fibers.
I have been the first to notice that this envelope is nothing else than
a subterranean fungus, which attacks and destroys the shrubs. This
parasite might, by planting, destroy a whole plantation.
A good sumac sprout should have a straight stem, at least a centimeter
thick and 40 centimeters long, well supplied with buds closely set. The
root should be short, but rich in fibers.
The sumac is planted 65 to 70 centimeters apart (26 to 273 inches), in
soil prepared by spading rectangular holes 65 to 70 centimeters long by
18 wide and 13 deep. If at this depth the rock is found, as often hap-
pens on the hills around Palermo, this must be broken with a pick to
the size we have mentioned to prepare a place large enough for the roots
of the shrub. A hectare requires 21,500 sprouts (8,700 to the acre) when
planted at the intervals above mentioned. We should begin at the head
of the lines, and, having filled in the soil upon the roots, should work
the spaces between so as to bring up the soil in parallel lines upon the
plantation. When finished, the plants are cut off to the height of 15
centimeters with a large cutting-hook, taking care at the same time to
put the foot down by the side of the stalk to prevent it from being pulled
ар.
In cultivating the sumac, we must keep the soil soft and porous around
the plants, and clear out all other bushes and weeds, giving the surface
such a slope that, whether level or inclined, the rains will run off without
remaining long. The implement most used in Sicily (and especially
around Palermo, where this cultivation is very prominent) is the hoe,
86
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
which is used on all occasions where the culture is not deep. As for
this, we may use whatever the peasants are most used to in working
among the vines. The earth dug up should be brought into a ridge in
the line of plantation, so as to shed the rains and expose a greater sur-
face to the air and sun.
The first year requires work to be almost continual, or, as the laborers
say, every month from December or January to the end of September.
It may, however, be varied, as we may easily see, according to the con-
dition of the soil where the new plantation is made; but we may say
that generally seven workings should be given to the earth: the first
three from January to April, deep; one, more shallow, in May; and three,
superficially, from June to September, when we may rest from these
labors.
In the second year the cultivation is more simple, and the first work-
ing may be given in December or January as before; bring up the earth
in a ridge as then. In March a second working should be given for the
purpose of returning the earth, killing weeds, and finishing the regula-
tion of the surface. This month is chosen because in Sicily we do not
then expect steady rains, which would harden the soil after working
and bring on an abundance of weeds. In May another working is given
to soften the ground and clear out the rest of the weeds, but this last
is not done by all proprietors of sumac plantations, although attended
to by those who understand the profits of a good yield under thorough
cultivation.
It often happens that in the second year of cultivation many shoots,
especially those from a distance, will die. These should be replaced
as soon as possible and before the first working. If, however, this
second attempt does not succeed in certain places, especially where we
know the shoots are good, it is better to give up trying to plant in these
places, because experience has shown that some particular defect in the
soil, or other cause, is hindering the growth. From special observa-
tions made on this point, on soils upon the hills near Palermo, the spots
where the sumac will not grow are underlaid by rock, or a hard and
impervious subsoil, generally of clay, which retains water or moisture
around the roots of the shrubs. It is doubtless this impervious state of
the subsoil which, by holding moisture a considerable time after rains,
favors the attack of the parasite tha kills the shrub, as already de-
scribed.
But if in regions where the sumac has not been cultivated there is
any doubt as to the good quality or freshness of the shoots, after a long
journey, it is well to replace once or twice the dead shoots, especially
where the failures the first year have been numerous.
The sumac begins to be mature in the third year, when suckers spring
up around the stem and increase in number with age. This growth is
made from the beginning of spring to the end of summer, before and
after the gathering of the leaves. These shoots are worked in the
spring and during cultivation, but ought invariably to be taken off in
winter to be of service to the owner, and even if they are not used,
because they considerably fatigue the mother plant.
The first harvest, following the year of planting, ripens late; the
leaves are few, light, without color, and with but little aroma as com-
pared with those of the mature shrub; and the next year, towards the
end of August, and in the course of September, they pick off the leaves
of the young plants a year old, leaving those near the end, which are
still tender and which ripen later. These latter are commonly called
giummi. They gather the leaves in baskets and carry them to the dry-
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
87
ing floor, where they are dried and beaten off as hereinafter indicated.
For this operation, and for all other manipulations of the sumac, they
use a common wooden fork with three prongs.
In October, if the weather has been dry, the leaves on the ends
(giummi) have reached the greatest development to be hoped for, and
they are then gathered. This harvest, which always represents a most
inferior quality, is made by breaking down without entirely separating
the ends of the twigs bearing the leaves which, hanging by some of the
bark, are exposed to the air and sun without running the risk of being
spoiled, in case of rain, by lying on the wet ground. They thus leave
these tufts of leaves as long as is necessary to completely dry them,
and then gather them in baskets and store them.
In the course of January, the shrubs a year old have the height of
fifteen centimeters. As at the time of planting, they then trim off all
the branches vigorously, leaving only the principal stem. Commencing
with the second year, the harvest of the sumac is made in a different man-
ner. Two methods are used: the one old, and still followed in nearly
every part of the island, being simple, expeditious, and economical, for
the time being, but injurious to the good preservation and future yield
of the shrub; the other more complicated and therefore more costly at
first, but preferable, in view of maintaining the plant and for future
production.
The first mode is called harvesting by trimming, or, as I would call it,
the empirical method. The second they call harvesting by picking the leaves,
which I would call the rational method.
The former of these is done as follows: When, in the month of May,
the lower leaves of the shrub, which by earlier growth are older, appear
to have come to maturity, and which, if the gathering were delayed,
would fall useless to the ground, they begin at once the gathering of
those which by their color they know to be ripe, beginning from the bot-
tom, and continuing to the tops of the branches.
The first product is treated in the same way as that which they get by
picking the first year. Towards the end of June, and in the course of
July, they finish the gathering by cutting off all the branches, which
reduces the shrub to its principal trunk, so that by one operation they
harvest the crop and trim the plant. The cut should be made clean and
slanting, so as to prevent the lodging of rain or dew, and it ought not
to wound the trunk nor harm the buds on which the next crop must
depend.
This gathering should be at the time of complete ripening of the leaves
and maturity of growth. When finished, the shrub, having gone through
its stages of growth for the year, gives out no more leaves than those at
the ends of the branches where the flowers are forming, and they say
that it points, when the growth stops. This is the moment that they
must improve, for then the leaves offer their best qualities and their
greatest weight. This time varies naturally in different regions, and in
the country around Palermo never comes before June nor after July.
The harvest by picking the leaves is done, for sake of economy, by
women and children, but that by trimming, only by skilled men, adroit
in the use of the pruning knife. With this implement the peasant cuts
off all the branches of the shrub, even those springing from the collar
and which are a little covered with soil, and gathering them under his left
arm till he has a sufficient load he lets them fall to the ground. He
then presses them together with his foot so that the leaves shall be less
exposed to the wind and sun. Upon this bundle another peasant, who
follows the first, lets fall another armful, which he also presses together
88
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
with his foot, and the two together form a sheaf, which is left on the
ground.
These sheaves should be placed in the direction of the winds that pre-
vail at this period, because the leaves would otherwise be liable to get
separated and lost.
After being trimmed and gathered there still remains around the foot a
certain quantity of shoots sent up by the roots, which, being not devel-
oped till late and being shaded by the mother plant, furnish leaves
which do not ripen till at least some twenty days after the harvest.
These they gather by picking, and leave their stalks intact their whole
length, so that they may serve as shoots for planting the next year.
The harvest by picking the leaves, which we have called the rational
method, consists in gathering the leaves by hand as fast as they ripen
and from the bottom of the shrubs to the tops of the branches. This
gathering is done at three successive periods-the first in May, the next
in July or August, and the last in September. Besides this the ends of
the branches are broken down as described for sumac of one year old;
that is, the tops are broken, but not detached, and left hanging by the
bark. In this system the pruning of the bushes becomes a separate
operation, and is done in December or January, at the time when the first
working is given to the soil.
The difference between these two methods is that in the first the hand
labor is much cheaper, but the shrubs thus pruned in midsummer suffer,
and the production becomes less every year; while by the other the
cost of labor is greater, but the pruning, which is done as it should be
in winter, allows the plant to last and produce leaves for several succes-
sive years.
The sumac gathered in summer, and which requires several days to
dry, is exposed to the chance of rain, which, if it comes while the leaves
are still green and fresh, does not damage them much, and it is only
necessary to turn them over to dry. But if the rain comes upon the
leaves when dry, it diminishes very considerably the weight and quality
by taking out a part of the tannin. This loss becomes known by diminu-
tion of weight and aroma, as well as by change of color, and an experi-
enced dealer cannot be deceived.
We have made an approximate estimate-somewhat vaguely, it is
true-upon the damage that a heavy rain, lasting some time, would do
to a sumac harvest. Let us suppose that we have in an open exposure
100 quintals of sumac, dry and ready to be stored, and will suppose it
worth 2,500 francs, according to the markets at the time, or 25 francs
the quintal. The loss in this case would be, say, 20 per cent. in weight
(500 francs), and the sumac would only be worth 20 francs the quintal,
making another loss of 400 francs on the remaining 80 per cent., or, in
all, 900 francs. We see what a desolating loss this 36 per cent. would
inflict upon the cultivator.
They have tried to avert this injury, and have observed that sumac
gathers dampness from below when lying on the ground, but that it re-
ceives it only from rains and with less damage in a well-aired place.
They accordingly spread the branches of trees on the ground on which
to place the sumac, and for this use the Palermians use plantations of
the Indian fig. In the method of gathering by picking, as the leaves
are taken from time to time, from May to September, instead of drying
in the sun they may be made into bundles and hung to the main stem
of the shrubs, where they are kept from the ground and are somewhat
sheltered by the leaves left at the top. This is a great saving in favor
of our rational method.
The sumac gathered by picking, and dried as above described, is then
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
89
carried to the beating-floor, and, if in good condition, it requires no
special care. But it may also be carried green to the floor, and then it
needs different treatment. It should be spread in thin layers and must
be turned three or four times a day with the fork, a direction that seems
minute, but it is indispensable. In short, the drying must be done.
slowly and evenly. The parts that dry are burnt by the sun and are
reduced to a whitish powder, which, mixing with the rest, imparts this
color to the whole and lessens its market value.
Between these two methods of drying the leaves on the shrubs and car-
rying them to the drying-floor, we give preference in general to the
former; but in regions much exposed to the winds, as in mountainous
parts, it is wiser to follow the latter.
The leaves, if green, are best carried in baskets; but if dry, in sacks.
Whether in the field or on the drying-floor, four or five days, if warm
and dry, will be sufficient for perfect drying. In the empirical way of
trimming the shrubs in midsummer, the drying is done where the bun-
dles are laid, as above described, the leaves being still adhering to the
brush. Some open these bundles once to hasten drying, but, aside from
the cost of labor, it is evident from what has been already said that the
sumac may be injured by the sun, and the turning will only expose it to
a double depreciation. Most cultivators know from experience that
when once thrown upon the ground it is best not to touch it till per-
fectly dry, which will be in six or seven days. When dried, in order to
prevent loss in moving, they put it into sacks or into sheets of cloth,
which the Palermians call tenda. This is a square linen sheet, about
1.70 meters (53 feet) on a side. On three sides there are rings, and on
the fourth a cord, which, by passing through the rings, may draw the
sheet into a bundle when full, so that it may be carried on the shoul-
ders. The weight is from 70 to 100 kilograms (154 to 220 pounds). A
windy day should be avoided as much as possible in carrying sumac,
for a considerable quantity would be lost, and for the same reason a
very hot time is bad. In the morning and evening hours the leaves are
less brittle, and these should be chosen by preference.
The threshing-floor for sumac should have very different conditions
from that desired for grain. The latter needs the wind, for the grain falls
by its weight to the ground; but with sumac, the choicest part is the
lightest, so that the place ought to be sheltered as much as possible from
the winds while it is fully exposed to the sun. It should also be per-
fectly level and well beaten, so that as little of the soil as possible may
get mixed with the sumac. They allow in commerce about five per
cent. of this mixture in good sumac; but if more than this, objections
are raised; and for this reason some lay a bedding of flat stones, a prac-
tice which cannot be too strongly encouraged.
A
The sumac is beaten out in the hottest hours of the day, so that the
leaves may be perfectly dry and easily separated from the brush.
flail is best for this, but many do it by the treading of animals. The
sumac thus beaten, when thoroughly dry, and at midday, has its leaves
broken up into fiue pieces, which may be sold for grinding to powder,
under the commercial name of "bruised sumac." But if they wish to
produce a special quality of leaves known in market as "bailed sumac,"
the beating is done differently. It should then not be perfectly dry,
but a little damp when thrown upon the thrashing-floor-and they
choose not midday, but morning. The leaves thus detached remain whole,
and the few left are separated by a second thrashing in the heat of the
day, and are accounted as bruised sumac. It should be remembered,
however, that this residue on the second thrashing is so mixed with
petioles that it loses much of its chemical value and price. The Sicilians
90
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
call this quality gammuzza. In selling bailed sumac, however, the pro-
ducer always stipulates that the buyer shall take the due proportion of
gammuzza at the same price; but with the bruised sumac there is no
such agreement, this second yield being so thoroughly mixed with the
first and its fragments so minute that it is lost in the general mass.
The threshing-floor, besides flails, forks, tendas, &c., should be supplied
with enough sheets of oiled cloth to cover the sumac when hastily thrown
into piles, should it happen to rain.
The sumac threshed the same year is not all of the same quality, but
differs according to the age of the shrubs and the season of gathering.
The intelligent cultivator ought to be able to distinguish these differ-
ences, so as not to put his product all into one mass; for it is well known
that inferior grades mingled with the good, instead of being raised in
standard impart their own qualities to the better in a way quite apparent
to the practiced eye of the buyer, so that the fraud usually turns to the
injury of the defrauder.
The sumacs of low grade, which we should avoid mixing with those
of better quality, consist of the leaf-crop of one-year old plants (sfilatina),
or the late picking of immature leaves at the ends of the twigs of newly
set or even older plants (giummi).
The leaves of the sumac of the first year, dried and beaten, have a
particular shade of lead-green, quite different from the yellowish green
of sumac of good quality.
The terminal tufts of the branches (giummi) gathered at the end of
summer or beginning of autumn, either because they are not entirely
ripe or from the effects of abundant dews and rain, have a blackish color,
still more noticeable and more damaging to the price when mixed with
the better grades. Above all we should exclude, even from the lower
grades, the brown or female sumac (murinu or fimmineddu), which we
noticed at the beginning of this paper, and induce cultivators to replace
it every where with the common variety.
Sumac generally appears in commerce in four qualities, as follows:
1. Sumac in leaves baled; this being obtained by special care in beat-
ing so as to obtain the leaflets entire and without petioles.
2. Bruised sumac, beaten when very dry and reduced to fine particles
along with the petioles that adhered to the leaves.
3. The sfilating, or leaf-crop of one-year-old plants.
4. The scapezzamento, or tops of the branches gathered at the begin-
ning of autumn.
These four grades bring different prices, and maintain, one with an-
other, a proportion that is very nearly constant. In a year when the
baled sumac of best quality would sell for 25 liras the 100 kilograms
(about $50 a ton), the bruised sumac would be worth 23 liras, the sfila-
tina 15 liras, and the scapezzamento 10 liras.
In well-managed sumac plantations, the several grades are separated at
the time of gathering and kept in distinct parcels till sold. We urge
upon cultivators the importance of keeping these distinct as the only
means of maintaining the reputation and prices of their products.
We will not stop to consider the various adulterations and frauds to
which this commodity is exposed in commerce, which are done mostly
after purchase and in grinding,' and will limit our remarks to what re-
For the information of the curious we may say, in a few words, that the sumac
leaves are pressed into bales by various kinds of machines, among which is the hy-
draulic press. The bruised sumac is ground in mills with upright wheels, much like
those for grinding olives, and they then go to the sifter. The petioles that cannot pass
the seive are ground again, or several times, in mills running with the stones horizon-
tal, as in grain-mills.
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
91
lates to preservation by the proprietor himself. For this he needs stor-
age places entirely dry and sheltered from the leak of rains. As in stor-
ing hay, the upper story of buildings is preferable to that level with the
ground; but if the latter must be used, we must guard against moisture
from the ground by making a bed of fascines or dry sumac brush, by
which the sumac is kept quite free from moisture and well ventilated.
But even in the best store-rooms the quality will not be preserved more
than a year, and after this period it depreciates every day, and in market
passes for old sumac. The producer had therefore better submit to this
law of nature and sell his crop during the first year, even if it brings a
low price, for by keeping it longer he will only increase his loss. The
future may have better things in reserve in other harvests, and years of
high price must bring his only compensation.
We have noticed the several qualities of sumac that find their way
to market. A few words may be said about the residue, which has a
certain value in a country like Palermo, where fuel is very dear; these
consist of the woody parts and brush, and sometimes the petioles. Where
the baled sumac is produced, they are sold for use in burning lime.
In this calculation we may take into account the price of the wood,
but the petioles are too insignificant for estimate, as they are worked
up in making the bruised sumac. Lastly, after gathering up the leaves
on the threshing-floor, there remains some sumac in the dust, which
may be gathered and mixed with the rest in a proportion not greater
than five per cent.
The net product of a given commodity varies in the same country
according to the soil, climate, cost of labor and of transportation, con-
venience to markets, and other circumstances. We cannot in this respect
notice all parts of Sicily in which the sumac is a remunerative crop,
but will take two provinces of the island, a considerable distance apart
and very unlike as to soil, cost of labor, and even as to differences in
modes of cultivation, viz, Palermo and Messina.
In Palermo, the first investment for a hectare (about 23 acres) of
sumac, would be (omitting details) 534.20 liras, to which should be added
interest which, at 7 per cent., would be 37.40 liras a year. In the first
year there would be spent 185.66 liras, which would be the annual cost
of maintenance. The receipts would be, on 1,700 kilograms of bruised
sumac, at 16 liras the metrical quintal, 272 liras; and for 6 loads of brush
(each of 98 bundles, weighing 2,280 kilograms) 939.9 liras; total receipts,
311.90, leaving a net profit of 126.24 liras after paying rent, taxes,
interest, and all expenses.
At Messina the receipts would be 1,500 kilograms of dry leaves, at
13 lires the quintal 195 liras; and brush for fuel, 20 lires; total, 215
lires. The expenses would be 135.56 liras, leaving the net profit 79.44
lires. The advantage in favor of Palermo is due both to greater quan-
tity and better quality, and this extends even to the brush, which is
worth more for fuel.
From this it follows that, independently of questions as to labor and
skill in management, the nature of the soil is a first element of success
in the cultivation of sumac in Sicily, but we ought to bear in mind that
a rural industry in which the profits range from 135 to 80 liras the hec-
tare is still profitable at the lowest rate, and that it can be grown upon
broken and hilly calcareous and silecious ground that would yield but
insignificant returns in any other crop.
In conclusion we will give the prices current through a period of
forty-two years in the Palermo market, the most important point in
Sicily for the sale of this commodity. The prices are the average of
92
CULTIVATION OF THE SUMAC IN SICILY.
the years, and have been carefully prepared from the journals and offi-
cial bulletins published in that city; where these sources of information
have failed, the omissions have been supplied from private records, and
the books of respectable dealers long engaged in this trade. The prices
are those paid for bailed sumac of first quality. We would recall what has
been already said as to the lower grades, which for the second rate is
about a lira less per quintal.
Prices of Sicilian Sumac in the Palermo Market, 1832-1873.

Years.
Price.
Years.
Price.
1832..
1833...
1834.
1835
1836...
1837..
1838.
1839.
1840.
1841..
1842.
1843.
1844.
1845.
1846.
1847..
1848...
1849.
1850..
1851.
1852.
Liras & cent.
14.73
1853.
Liras & cent.
21.08
16.30
1854.
19. 61
16. 17
1855.
16. 76
14.73
1856.
16.00
16.92
1857..
18.64
16.50
1858.
15.69
16. 60
1859...
17.35
15.79
1860...
19.50
14.96
1861...
17.05
13.38
1862...
18. 13
12.31
1863..
18. 58
17.66
1864.
23.07
20.13
1865..
22.68
13.43
1866.
35. 15
14.62
1867..
39.28
15. 34
20.08
1868...
1869...
33.76
30.10
23.56
1870.
26. 12
21.73
1871...
22.10
20.37
1872...
30.05
18.64
1873...
26.85
This table shows clearly how the price of sumac has advanced in
periods of ten years since 1832. The relation between supply and
demand are such that is culture might be largely increased without
risk of lowering the price, a risk that is increased in the case of manna,
if its production is increased beyond wants.
ON THE RIGA PINE.
[A paper read by Mr. CHATIN before the Soc. Imper. Zoologique d'Acclimitation, Paris.
Bulletin, 2d ser., ii, p. 96 (1865).]
After noticing the general objects of the society, and mentioning the
fact that it had received from M. Alb. Allou, French consul at Riga, a
considerable quantity of the seeds of the much-esteemed Northern or
Riga Pine, the writer says:
These seeds were placed at the disposal of those of our associates who
wished to give a place in their grounds to this valuable tree, for the
purpose of extending its propagation. A part of them were given to the
museum of the Imperial Agricultural Society, under the assurance that
they would thus be placed in hands that would use them to the best
advantage.
It has been proven, and upon this point it would be needless to insist-
and a journey through the barrens of Solange and Campagne, the most
poverty-stricken part of the country, would convince the most incredu-
lous-that evergreen or resinous trees are, of all forest trees, the least
delicate as to the nature of their soil. Like the grasses, they seem to
require of the earth support rather than nourishment. We may cover
with them the most barren sands, the heaths of our sterile hills, or the
ON THE RIGA PINE.
93
Cretaceous surfaces (we cannot call them soils) upon which nothing else
will grow, or which will only yield with effort a meager pasturage that
scarcely survives the first sunny days of spring-time: Their arborescent
growth takes the place of the desert, and our children may be able to
cause to grow upon the ground which they enrich by the decomposition
of successive growths of leaves the productive coppice and heavy forests
planted with the more valuable kinds of deciduous trees.
I will not here stop to consider our widely extended forests of native
evergreens, the maritime or Bordeaux pine (Pinus maritima, Lamk.,
P. pinaster, Soland), so precious for planting on the sand-dunes and
heaths of Southern France, and where, without the least injury to the
quality of its wood, it is justly prized on account of its rapid growth
and the turpentine which it yields; nor will we notice the common pine
(Pinus sylvestris, L.), a most excellent kind of timber, which grows upon
the Alps, the Cantal, the Cervennes, the Pyrenees, and the Vosges, and
the cultivation of which is so widely extended through the central
and northern parts of France. Our eulogy of this pine will be complete
at the simple mention that it most nearly resembles the Riga pine in
its qualities of wood as well as in its botanical characteristics.
The Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris var. Rigensis) is only a variety, or
perhaps a subgenus, and a very distinctly marked one, of the sylves-
tral pine. The botanist observes that its branches are erect rather than
spreading; the sylviculturist that it grows more rapidly and to a greater
size, and the engineer or builder that its timber is more elastic and va-
uable when mature, so that it is not uncommon to see pieces of great
dimensions sell at from 3,000 to 5,000 francs.
The following description of the qualities ascribed to the Riga pine,
in comparison with other varieties of this species, cultivated under
exactly similar circumstances, is by M. Vilmorin, to whom we owe the
existence upon his property at Barres, in the commune of Nogent-sur-
Vernisson (Loiret), of a very interesting school of Forestry:
Trunk commonly perfectly erect, keeping its size well upward and often almost
cylindrical to a half or more of its height; crown regular and symmetrical, com-
posed of a few strong branches, conspicuously equal at given heights, ascending and
fastigiated, general outline sharply conical, resembling in growth the Italian poplar;
bark yellowish red from one or two meters above the ground and detaching itself in
scales.
Shoots more forward in spring than those of the pines of Haguenau, and consid-
erably earlier (ten to fifteen days) than the pines of Geneva, of l'Ardèche, and simi-
lar varieties.' The foliage is of a paler green and never reddens. The leaves are less
glaucous, shorter and straighter than those of the Haguenan pine, and set more closely
towards the branches. They are, however, longer and narrower than in the Geneva
variety. The cones are smaller and shorter than in other varieties, particularly the
Geneva and similar kinds. They are commonly gray, rarely somewhat violet, and
the pyramid of the scales little salient. The buds vary from yellowish to reddish,
and are smaller and less resinous than those of most other large varieties of the
species having horizontal branches. The color of the male aments varies from yellow
to a pale red.2
As for the Scotch pines sent from Aberdeen to M. Vilmorin by Mr.
Reid, such was the difference of their aspect that he was led to remark:
"The Scotch pines have very generally a vertical trunk, and the crowns,
although heavy, are rarely so deformed by massive branches as in those
of Haguenau." In conclusion he thus drew a comparison between the
Riga pine and the common Pinus sylvestris of Scotland:
Thus, while in the forests of Russia and Lithunia it attains the dimensions of the
largest fir trees and furnishes trunks of admirable size, which sell in our ports at from
¹ The kinds bere mentioned are varieties or subvarieties of the Pinus sylvestris.
2 Vilmorin, Exposé historique et descriptif de l'Ecole Forestière des Barres; in Mem. de
la Soc. Imp. Ag., 1863.
94
ON THE RIGA PINE.
1,000 to 5,000 francs apiece and over, a great part of the Pinus sylvestris growing on
the mountains of France, Switzerland, and Germany are only moderately sized trees,
badly formed, and often scarcely fit to furnish even a tolerably good stick of carpen-
ter's wood. In fact they in no way resemble it in their dimensions and the qualities
of which we have been speaking.
An important question was a long time discussed, and may be stated
as follows: "Are the great differences between the northern pines and
the sylvestral pines of Central Europe uniformly due to the climate, soil,
and general result of the external conditions?" Although the partisans
of the affirmative are now few in number and are found mostly among
the sylviculturists of the cabinet, I will recall some of the objections
that may be raised to their opinions, some of which are theoretical only,
while others are decisive, and drawn from practical or experimental ob-
servation.
"It is sim-
The considerations relative to the climate are theoretical.
ply a fact," they say, "that the northern pine has a harder and more
elastic wood than the pines of France and Switzerland, because it is
grown under a more inclement sky, and in a country where the winters
are long. The qualities of its wood are a result of the slowness of its
growth." I will proceed to prove that these assertions have no:hing to
sustain them.
And first, as to the inclement sky. This is certainly not greater in
the winter season than on our high mountains in Dauphiny, Savoy, and
Switzerland, where the sylvestral pine flourishes. On these mountains,
in fact the zone of the pines maintains itself at an altitude of 1,200
meters (3,937 feet), while in Lithunia, Courland, Livonia, and Finland,
as also on the coast of Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden, which complete
the circuit of the Baltic, the best timber, furnishing the largest pieces.
and those qualities so highly prized in perfectly mature growth, is from
the lowland plains. We know from thermometrical observation, and
botanists have proved from the resemblance between the floras of the
northern plains of Europe and those of the high mountains of the high
alpine regions of Central and even Southern Europe, that as to the tem-
perature, altitude compensates for differences of latitude, so far as relates
to temperature and its resulting effects. Thus when we ascend from
the base to the summit of Ventoux or of Ætna we pass successively
through from the region of the olive to the dwarfed herbage of the
plains of Northern Sweden and Siberia.
But this is not all. After having shown that during the winter season
vegetation is suspended, it is not a less important fact to consider, in
reference to vegetable development, that during the period of active
growth the climate is not more rigorous on the northern plains than
on the mountains of our own country. In fact we may add, that the
summers on these very plains are very much warmer than ou our Alps
when observed at the altitude of the zone of evergreen trees. Meteoro-
logists have proved this, with thermometer in hand, and travelers who
have visited the Baltic region in summer speak of the Alps as chilly in
comparison. In the gardens of these northern regions they rear in the
open air a multitude of ornamental and esculent annuals which will not
grow in the relatively colder region of the Alps where the pine thrives.
Thus, therefore, this pretended inclemency of the north is in effect
more favorable than the climate of our high mountains for the growth
of the pine. It is in fact what the sylviculturist observes when he com-
pares the height of a northern pine with that grown on the mountains
of France or Switzerland of the same age, as he finds when he counts
ON THE RIGA PINE.
95
and measures the rings of annual growth in a transverse section of the
trunk.
It is not, therefore, either to the inclemency of the climate, nor espe-
cially to the slowness of growth (which may be justly regarded as para-
doxical), that we are to attribute the grandeur of size and the superior
qualities of the northern pine.
Are these qualities due to the soil? Certainly not; because the Riga
pine comes from a siliceous soil, and we rarely find a calcareous soil in
the Baltic region as in Central Europe. Furthermore, a comparison of
observations made in the same climates, and on similar soils, upon the
development of this variety, and of the common sylvestral pine of this
region, leaves no room to doubt the advantages of cultivating the former
in such parts of this country as may be found adapted to its growth.
The experiments in cultivation that have been tried near Paris, are
especially those of M. Vilemorin, which I have noticed above, and those
of M. Delamarre, in the fine domain of Harcourt, on which he has liber-
ally joined the interests of the Imperial and Central Society of Agri-
culture.
But, before stating the results of experiment upon the culture of these
pines at Harcourt, it will be well to enter upon some explanations upon
a point that seems to be controverted, namely, as to how the greater
thickness of the rings of annual growth in the Riga pines of greater
dimensions can be reconciled with the seemingly contradictory fact
that this timber is harder and more elastic than our common sylvestral
pine of slower growth. It is now generally admitted, and upon this
point there seems to be no differences in opinion, that the same species
gives a harder wood on an arid than on a deep humid soil.
As selections should be made with reference to probable value as a
fuel, and as to hardness and elasticity, the comparisons should be made,
not only upon wood of the same dimensions, but of the same age. This lat-
ter circumstance appears to me so much the more important, since of
two trees of the same age, one grown in a meager and the other a deep
rich soil, the former will be slender and almost all sap-wood, while the
latter will have greater dimensions, and a duramen, or heart-wood, rela-
tively well developed, while only a few of the outer layers will be sap-
wood. This transformation of the sap-wood into hard wood is more
prompt according as the vegetation is more active. This fact can be
readily proved by comparison between two trees grown under these con-
ditions. We shall furthermore often observe upon sections made at
different places in the same tree an unequal development, the number
of layers of sap-wood being in inverse proportion to their thickness.
But we would not think of admitting that for a given species the sap-
wood of timber grown in an arid soil would be more durable than the
heart-wood of trees grown in a rich or humid soil. An examination of
the anatomy of the tissues would confirm the opinions of the carpenter
in opposition to this view, and from this we come to the conclusion that
we ought not to judge too unfavorably of timber because it was grown
on a fertile soil.
Let us leave these comparisons between the Riga pine and our com-
mon sylvestral pine, and take the oaks, which form the principal wealth
of our forests, and see how the relative thickness of these layers corres-
ponds with the value of their woods.
Of the common species of oak which Linneus named the Quercus
robur, we now recognize two very distinct varieties, or very nearly
allied species. One of these is the rouvre or English oak (Quercus
sessiliflora), and the other the white, or secondat (Q. pedunculata). The
96
ON THE RIGA PINE.
former grows in dry places, and will perish if it becomes too damp,
while the latter delights in moisture, and will languish if its soil be-
comes arid.¹ The former grows slowly, and its layers of wood are nec-
essarily thin, while the layers of the white oak are of ample thickness,
the tree having been developed vigorously both in height and diameter.
Yet it cannot be disputed that the wood of the white oak is more es-
teemed for construction than that of the rouvre, and men whose opinions
become law, such as Cotta and Hartig, of Germany, and Lorentz,
Parade, and others, of France, are agreed upon this point.
The durability, hardness, and elasticity of timber, which constitute
its most valuable qualities, are therefore consistent with the greatest thick-
ness of layers; and here again a minute examination of structure justifies
the observation of sylviculturists, and of builders, by demonstrating that
of the two elements of annual growth, the first or inner one, known in
sylviculture as the spring layer, is formed of minute vessels of but fee-
ble power of resistance, while the external part, called the summer layer,
because it is formed later in the season, is as much thicker as the growth is
greater, and is made up of thick and strong fibers, which cover the for-
mer deposits, and thus insure it against change.
The white oak, although (or rather because) it is developed more rap-
idly than the rouvre, is preferable to the latter for construction; first,
because the layer of summer growth is thicker, and, secondly, because
its relative proportion of sap-wood is less.2
We ought, from the consideration of all the preceding facts, to assure
ourselves upon the question as to whether the Riga pine when taken to
France would not change those qualities which distinguish it from our
sylvestral pine. It has been above shown that in the forest plantations
of the domain of Harcourt we find it experimentally proved that the
Riga pine preserves, in the department of l'Eure, as well as in that of
Loiret, and doubtless in all the northern, eastern, and central region of
France, as also in countries whose climate is analogous, that force of vege
tation which on the shores of the Baltic ought to produce timber of a
size and solidity not surpassed in Europe.
3
In 1870 there were planted on the estate of M. Delamarre, at Harcourt,
under the care of Michaux, some groves of pine. One of these was the
larico pine (called also the Calabrian or Corsican pine, Pinus larico);
others of sylvestral pine of French origin, and some of the black or
Austrian pine. These plantations were made with young plants three
years old, upon a siliceous soil, sloping to the south, and at the time of
planting an arid heath. The Riga pine had not then been planted, ex-
cept in a sowing made by Mr. Pepin, as far back as 1810, and preceding
the plantation of Michaux. These Riga pines at Harcourt were there-
fore older than the others by some 28 or 30 years.
Now mark the result of measurements made in 1852 upon the sylves-
tral pines, and upon the same pines, the larico, the Austrian, and the
Riga pines in 1860, by our colleague, M. Pepin, a member of the Impe-
rial Society of Agriculture, and intrusted with this business on the
Harcourt estates.4
¹ This habit, often disregarded by proprietors, is the cause of frequent errors in their
operations of re-foresting.
2 The rouvre is preferred for clapboards on account of the facility with which it will
cleave, following the layers of spring growth. It should also, on account of the con-
spicuous character of its layers, prized by the cabinet-makers.
3 Lorentz and Parade, both especially devoted to the question of practical forestry,
agree as to the identity of the Corsican and the Calabrian pine, and distinguish them
as a subvariety of a species which is itself nearly allied to the maritime pine.
+ Plantation de Pins faite en 1840 sur les bruyères de Sainte-Opportune, près d'Har-
court (Eure).-Bulletin de la Soc. Imper. et Centrale d'Agriculture de France, t. xvii.
ON THE RIGA PINE.
97
In 1852 the largest sylvestral pines measured from 18 to 20 feet in
height and 1 foot 4 inches in circumference at a meter (3 feet 3 inches)
above the ground; but the greater number were not more than 10 to 16
feet high, and from 6 inches to a foot around. In 1860, the largest of
these pines had gained a height of 28.87 feet and 1.9 to 2.2 feet in girth,
and the others a height of about 21 feet and a girth of 1 foot.
At the last mentioned date, the Austrian pines, which are of slow
growth, but especially appropriate for calcareous soils, as for example
in Champagne, and which M. Ad. Brougniart regards as very proper,
on account of the development of its branches, for the formation of
avenues, measured at most not over 25.2 feet high by 1.8 around, while
the greater number were about 19 feet high and 1 foot around. But
the Corsican pines, being of more rapid growth, had, the larger trees
a height of 37.5 feet, with a girth of 1.8 feet, and the smaller ones were
30 feet high and 15 inches around. These Corsican pines being very
slender, straight, and well proportioned, were regarded by M. Pepin as
very choice for the making of ladders.
As for the Riga pines sown in 1810, many were in 1860 not less than
82 feet high and 4 feet 4 inches in girth. The advantage is therefore
on the side of the Riga pine, as to its growth, aud, doubtless, for the
reasons above stated, with reference to the quality of its wood. We
may furthermore verify these statements in 1890, by measuring the syl-
vestral, larico, and Austrian pines, and I am confident in advancing the
prediction that, when they shall have reached the age that the Riga
pines on the Harcourt estates had iu 1800, they will come far short of
having the same dimensious. I would hope that the measurements
might be made by the learned and worthy M. Pepin.
The maritime pine does not appear to have been under observation
at Harcourt during the period above mentioned, but we have a fact
presented under conditions quite comparable. Some 25 years ago, that
is to say, about 1840, when the plantation was made at Harcourt by
Michaux, several hectares of the Saint-Pierre d'Yrette woods were
planted with the maritime pine, upon a sandy hill covered with heather
and exposed to the southeast. But the greater part of the trees of this
seeding do not now exceed 30 to 33 feet in height by about 2 in girth,
and many have a crooked trunk, having lost their top branch either
from the boring of insects or the injuries done by deer, which have the
bad habit of seeking the pines, which they strip of their bark to such a
degree as sometimes to lay the wood completely bare for a considera-
ble extent. Others have been injured by the various casualties of veg-
etation. The maritime pine, which is cultivated to so great advantage
in our southern regions, does not grow vigorously in its early years in
the north. Its timber is furthermore of inferior quality, nor does it well
endure the process of transplanting.
The soils that best agree with the Riga pine, as with most other pines,
are especially those of the silicious kind (sand clay and sand slaty gran-
itic, &c.), but not always to the exclusion of the calcareous, especially
when the latter are associated with sand and clay. Aside from the min-
eral and chemical characters of the soil, we should examine as to whether
it is more or less humid. The Riga pine grows very well in dry soil, but
grows best in those that would be regarded as a little damp. We may,
in the northern and central parts of France, generally plant it to ad-
vantage on a southeastern, southern, western, or southwestern slope,
¹ Deers have also the habit of rubbing off the bark of the pines with their horns, as
well as tearing it off with their teeth.
7 FOR
98
ON THE RIGA PINE.
covered with dry beather, where any arborescent growth other than of
resinous species would either entirely refuse to live, or that would be of
but stinted growth, leaving the better soils for trees with deciduous foli-
age, such as the chestnut or the oak, that require a better soil, and bring
an incomparably higher rent.
The sowing, thinning, and trimming of the pine. Of the three modes of
forest-sowing, in trenches, in drills, or in alternate rows, we should select
that which would best serve the end to be attained. For replanting small
clearings, where we here and there throw in some pines, as in a park,
we would content ourselves with making some furrows or little pits some
twenty inches or two feet square, and, after replacing the earth, plant
fifteen or twenty seeds in the loosened soil of each pit, and cover them
with half an inch of earth.¹
As the young pines come up they should be thinned out, leaving only
those that appear strongest. The plants that are pulled up may be
again set elsewhere in holes pricked in the ground, always remembering
that evergreen trees should never be transplanted in winter, but before
the stopping of the sap, or after its return, that is to say, in September
and October, or in April and May.
The sowing in successive belts on terraces should be preferred for
sloping grounds, and the clear spaces should be sufficiently wide to
allow of complete forest growth. The belts should be narrower and the
spaces wider as the slope becomes steeper, not only because we must
sustain the soil and keep it from wearing into ravines, but because
with wide bands the digging down (which becomes necessary to make
them level) would make the upper side of the slope too steep, and inter-
cept the communication from above to below. We may in general
vary the breadth of the cleared spaces from eight inches to a foot in
width, and the sowing may occupy the middle of the line on a breadth
of three to six inches. When the bands are fifteen to eighteen inches
wide, they may receive two lines of seed at nearly equal intervals along
the borders of the band.
2
Upon level or slightly inclined surfaces we may sow the whole surface
upon a ground that has been worked, or, better, upon that which has
been dug from two to three feet deep, according to the soil. This may
be done either broadcast or in lines spaced from eight to ten inches
apart, the latter by preference, as it will facilitate the labor of weeding
and dressing that will be necessary during the first year of the sowing.
Upon maritime coasts and in all places exposed to violent winds it will
be necessary to set these rows in such a way as to break the wind, and
not so that it shall take them lengthwise of the lines. This precaution is
the more necessary as the soil is more sandy, because such a soil offers
a less solid support to the pines growing on these plantations. This
danger is increased by the circumstance that the roots of the pine, in-
stead of being anchored by a long pivot root, are generally spreading.
The maritime pine offers special advantages for the plantation of dunes,
even in the north of France, on account of its rapid growth within the
first few years after it is sowed.
For the purpose of insuring, beyond chance of failure, the good quality of the
seeds of the pine, they should be sown so thick that some good plants would be cer-
tainly obtained. It is unfortunately found that many of the seeds have their ger-
minating power destroyed in the processof baking, to which the cones are subjected in
their separation.
2It will be found profitable to mix the seeds of the Riga with those of the maritime
pine, because the latter take an early and vigorous growth, thus protecting the young
plant, and after it has been rendered this little service so long as necessary, it may be
taken out at the first thinning.
.
CARAL LIBRAR
ON THE RIGA PINE.
99
We may, instead of sowing in place, take the plants from a nursery
and set them where they are to grow, when they are two or three years
old. The Riga pine, like most of the others (except only the maritime
pine, which cannot be transplanted), easily recover the injuries received
in being taken from the nursery. They may even be transplanted when
one year old about four inches apart, in lines or trenches eight inches
apart, and two or three years after be again taken up and planted fif-
teen inches apart. Whether sown in place or planted from nurseries,
the trees must be thinned from time to time, especially during the first
years, and this thinning must proceed in proportion as the trees be-
come larger.
And here I cannot insist too strongly upon this point: Destroy in the
thinnings all pines with drooping limbs, and save only those which have as-
cending or erect branches. The latter have a lance-shaped point and are
not impoverished by long branches with inferior crowns, and these alone
make fiue timber for carpenter's use. Besides the pines with drooping
limbs, for which the forester should show no pity, and those with ascend-
ing branches, we shall find a greater or less number of trees with hori-
zontal branches, which may be reserved for the complete growth of large
forests.
A practice which I have seen followed in the massive pine forests of
the Saint-Pierre d' Yrette woods (above mentioned in connection with
the maritime pine), and which I can recommend with confidence,
consists in trimming off the ends of the branches, especially the hori-
zontal and lower ones, which would otherwise tend to undue growth
at the expense of the main trunk. This method of guiding the growth
of trees, incidentally recommended by Lorentz and Parade, and applied
by the Viscount de Courval to the kinds with deciduous leaves, has
given me the best results when applied to resinous trees, like the syl-
vestral and maritime pines. This clipping or amputation of large
branches should be more freely done, and through its neglect we loose a
considerable amount of growth. This trimming should be done mostly
upon the limbs that grow farthest from the trunk, and in such a man-
uer as to leave the tree with a general pyramidal form and an enlarged
base.
Not only should the branches be shortened, but the lower ones should
be cut off to stop their growth, as the tree gains in height, and while
the wound on the trunk will be small and soon healed. Should this
trimming of resinous trees be done even with the trunk, or at a short
distance from it, leaving what are called pegs? I do not hesitate to con-
demn these pegs in resinous trees, as I do the stumps of branches left
on deciduous trees, but more so in the former case than in the latter.
To avoid the great loss of sap, and to diminish the size of the cicatrix, it
would be useful to proceed some years in advance to lop the ends of the
larger branches, which should afterwards be lopped close to the trunk.
We cannot enough condemn the old and still not entirely abandoned
custom of leaving to nature herself the care of trimming and thinning
dense masses of resinous trees by the spontaneous falling off of the lower
branches and dying out of the feeble trees. Besides the dead wood
thus lost, we impose a great hinderance upon the growth of the trees
that should survive. Everybody has seen these dense growths of pine
poles, which, from the want of clearing out, form only slender and feeble
trunks, scarcely able to sustain their own weight without mutual sup-
port, and which would bend like a bow, or fall to the ground, if the
support around them was taken away.
100
ON THE RIGA PINE.
It is furthermore admitted with regard to the pine, as with the oak
and other trees, that too much space between the reserves tends to the
production of large lateral branches at the expense of the growth of the
main trunk.
2
I cannot conclude without remarking that if in this note upon the Riga
pine there has been occasion to make some general statements relative
to the cultivation of other evergreen trees that might be useful to those
not familiar with the science of forestry while I have passed in silence
the fir trees properly so called, it is because these trees, so beautiful in
form, so ornamental, and which grow so finely in our alpine forests with-
out cultivation, furnish only a timber of quite inferior quality. I would
more readily recommend for certain soils the cultivation of the cedars,
and especially the larch, a tree which yields a timber of much value and
delights in a humid soil. As has been shown by our learned colleague,
the Baron Séguier, it takes a fine development in a pure clay and a soil
so plastic as to be generally unfit for cultivation.
In conclusion, the Riga pine, in its general sum of qualities, stands
at the head of the list of resinous trees growing in Central and Northern
Europe. The Imperial Society of Acclimatation could not render a more
valuable service than to cause its seeds to be brought from the places where
it thrives and to be distributed liberally among those ofi ts members as
are located in circumstances favorable to its cultivation, and for dissem-
inating in their turn this splendid tree, which is not less proper for
adorning parks than for planting forests, although as yet known to but
a few persons in France. Here, again, should the society accomplish
this useful result, the merit would belong in a degree to its illustrious
president, M. Drouyn de Lhuys, who, in a constant solicitude for his
country, has brought to bear the influence of his position in the ministry
of foreign affairs to the service of acclimitation as president of this society.
But if the society would give prominence to the Riga pine, it should
not lose sight of the fact that there are other species which might
often be associated with it, or be substituted for it in certain circum-
stances. It is thus the hope of popularizing in their proper localities
by the distribution of seeds from the place of their origin, so as to make
sure of the kind, the larico (Corsican or Cabrian pine) should often be
tried in siliceous soils, where it might in some places surpass the Riga
pine. The black or Austrian pine could not be too generally scattered
in regions having a calcareous soil, where it is sure to produce a timber
of good quality and thrives better than other pines. The larch would
prove an object both of ornament and of wealth in wet lowlands with
clay soil, where the Baron Séguier has seen it prosper in places where
nothing else but course herbage and worthless bushes would thrive.
Upon the reading of the foregoing paper, Baron Séguier, who had
cultivated the Riga pine with success at Morbihall, observed, that he
had found it necessary to take some precautions to prevent it froìn being
overthrown or twisted by the winds. He thought that by sowing it in
belts sufficiently wide and dense, and then afterwards thinning it out,
the best results could be obtained. He had had good results in Bour-
goyne, from the cultivation of the larico and Calabrian pine, which grew
rapidly. As for the larch, the timber of which is excellent, he found it
agreed perfectly with a loamy soil, as also the Weymouth pine, which,
although it grew very finely, produced a wood of very inferior quality.
(Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. d'Acclimitation [2], ii, 135.)
In the catalogue of the arboretum at the government estate of Bar-
ON THE RIGA PINE.
101
res-Vilmorin (1878), where the conifers thrive in great perfection, the
Riga pine is thus mentioned:
Of all the varieties of the Pinus sylvestris the Riga pine is unquestionably to be pre-
ferred on account of its beauty. Its trunk is perfectly straight, rises to a great height,
and maintains a form that is almost cylindrical. Its lateral branches are few, and
never take a great development, nor do they produce, as in the Haguenau pine, a de-
formity at the foot of the tree. The bark is quite red from a meter and a half above
the root, and is finely divided into thin lamina-like sheets of paper a millimeter thick,
under which we find the tree enveloped with a fresh green bark. As for the quality
of the wood, that cannot be compared with that which has been solwly grown in a
cold climate.
It would be desirable if the seeds of the Riga pine could be generally used for re-
boissement, especially on mountains, instead of those from Germany, which, being
gathered from trees of all forms and sizes, must be defective at best. The cost of this
would not be very great, since the seeds could be imported from Riga at from 10 to 11
francs the kilogram, and they would be obtained from fine groves in the best condition.
The starting of this tree should be by planting from nurseries, because of the high
price and good quality of the seed. If grown thus, the plants are quite vigorous. It
is, besides, a tree that can be reset with ease and transplanted into forests with much
chance of success. In the nurseries of Barres there are always reset plants of the
Riga pine in the finest condition. The seeds gathered from the second generation
grown in France appeared to be fully as excellent as those imported from Russia. It
was, however, apprehended that the association with other varieties might produce
hybrids of inferior quality, although this remained to be demonstrated.
EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
The following statistics are derived from the Reports of Commerce and
Navigation, made annually by the Secretary of the Treasury, and em-
brace the principal facts upon this subject that have been published
since the formation of the Federal Government, in 1789. It will be
noticed that changes in the revenue laws and in the mode of classifica-
tion have prevented uniformity in the headings; but the chronological
arrangement is preserved, and it will be easy to follow the succession
through the whole period. The returns are for fiscal years, which, at
first, began on the ist day of October, but were changed so as to begin
on the 1st of July in 1843, and after. The year "1842-43," therefore,
iLcludes but nine months. For a long period the exportation from col-
lection districts was not reported separately; but from 1855-56 to the
present time they may be traced continuously, except in 1865–66, when
they were not reported, and except from 1861-'62 to 1863-'64, when they
vere in some instances reported collectively. Various attempts at con-
densation of headings have, from time to time, been adopted, causing
irregularities in the tables that cannot now be avoided. In presenting
tlese statistics, we shall first give general summaries; next, a classifica-
tin by foreign countries, and, finally, so far as may be, the amount ex-
ported from collection districts, with such general statements as the
subject will allow.
These statistics admit of classification under the following headings:
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECTS.
LISTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF COLLECTION-DISTRICTS.
I. GENERAL STATEMEN IS AND COMPARISONS.
II. LUMBER: BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING, &c.
III. LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
IV. SHINGLES.
V. TIMBER, SHIP-TIMBER, &C.
VI. STAVES, HEADINGS, SHOOKS, AND COOPER WARES AND STOCK.
VII. FIRE WOOD.
VIII. BARKS.
IX. NAVAL STORES.
X. INCIDENTAL FOREST PRODUCIS.
XI. WOOD-MANUFACTURES.
XII. SHIP BUILDING.
A summary of the tables given under these headings will be presented
at the beginning of each class.
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
A series of statistics for the whole country would be imperfect with-
out the means of understanding the subdivisions to which they relate.
If they extend through a long period, there should also be the means
of knowing the changes that have taken place, in order that we may be
able to compare one period with another, and to make allowances due
to changes occasioned by the creation of new districts, and by the
changes made in the boundaries of old districts.
For this purpose, we have prepared the following tables of existing
and of obsolete collection districts, which, although they do not indicate
all the changes made from time to time by annexation or division of
103
104
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
territory, will, however, serve a useful purpose by leading to more com-
plete information as occasion may arise. A map of present collection
districts, colored in strict conformity with the descriptions given in the
statutes, would not cover the whole area, and the inland boundaries of
districts would in many instances be vague and confused. The princi-
pal line of interest in this connection is that of the exterior boundary
line of the country, and the navigable waters leading therefrom, and
for a better understanding of these a concise description of the several
collection districts of the country is hereunto subjoined.
It should further be borne in mind that these collection districts,
although in many cases with specific inland areas, are for all practical
purposes nothing but the coasts and frontiers, and that the areas, as they
would be indicated upon the map, have no reference whatever to the sources
of supply from whence these forest products were derived.
The lumber and timber from Michigan, or the naval stores from the
Carolinas, may find their way by inland routes of transportation a
thousand miles or more to a place of export, and in like manner the im-
ports of one district may be intended for consumption in another, ac-
cording to the calls of supply and demand.
The statistics of a given collection district are therefore to be regarded
chiefly as an indication of the condition and changes of commercia
markets, and the facilities for navigation that they afford. But as tim
ber and lumber are heavy and bulky commodities, their transportation
except by floating is expensive, and their exportation in large quantities
at a given point would usually lead to the inference that the region of
supply could not be far from the inland waters that lead to this point
With the exception of remote regions in the interior, this inference is in
the main generally true; and the advance in quantities exported at t
given place may usually be regarded as the opening up of a lumbering
interest in the interior, and its decline as a proof of the exhaustion of
supplies.
Present Collection Districts of the United States.
Alexandria
Annapolis
Apalachicola
Aroostook
Baltimore.
Bangor
Barnstable
-
Bath..
Beaufort.
Beaufort.
Belfast
North Carolina.
Virginia
Maryland
Florida
-
-
Maine
Maryland.
Maino
Massachusetts
Maine
North Carolina
Name of District.
State or Territory
of Port of Entry.
Present Port of
Entry.
When
formed.
Alaska
Alaska..
Sitka
Albemarle
Edenton
Remarks.
Barnstable.
Bath
Beaufort.
•
South Carolina.
Maine
Beaufort.
Belfast.
-
Boston and Charlestown.
Brazos de Santiago
Bridgeton.
Bristol and Warren
Brunswick
Buffalo Creek
Burlington
Castine
Champlain
Charleston.
Cherrystone
Chicago
Corpus Christi.
[1
Cuyahoga..
·
Massachusetts.
Texas
New Jersey
Georgia
New York
New Jersey
Maine
New York
South Carolina.
Virginia.
Illinois
Texas.
Ohio.
•
Boston.
July 27, 1868
Feb. 25, 1867
Alexandria July 31, 1789
-
Annapolis July 31, 1789
Apalachicola. May 7, 1822
Houlton
Baltimore..
Bangor
Feb. 22, 1869
July 31. 1789
Mar. 3, 1847
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Mar. 3, 1803
July 31, 1789
Apr. 20, 1878
July 31, 1789
Reorganized February
25, 1867.
Brownsville
Bridgeton
Mar. 3, 1819
July 31, 1789
Rhode Island
Bristol.
-
Feb. 25, 1801
Brunswick.
Buffalo
Trenton
Castine
July 3, 1848
Mar. 3, 1805
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Plattsburg.. Mar. 2, 1799
Formerly Penobscot;
changed April 13, 1866.
Charleston.
Eastville..
Chicago
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
July 16, 1846
Corpus Christi July 28, 1866
Cleveland…………. Mar. 2, 1799
Formerly Erie; changed
April 11, 1817.
1
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
105
Present Collection Districts of the United States-Continued.
Dunkirk.
Michigan
Minnesota
New York
-
Name of District.
State or Territory
of Port of Entry.
Present Port of
Entry.
When
formed.
Remarks.
Delaware
Delawaro
Detroit
* D
Duluth
Wilmington
Detroit
Duluth
July 31, 1789
Mar. 2, 1799
May 23, 1872
Dunkirk
July 27, 1834
Crisfield
Feb. 25, 1867
Edgartown July 31, 1789
Apr. 2, 1851
Eric
Fall River
-
•
Mar. 2, 1799
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Formerly Presque Isle.
Formerly
Dighton,
Eastern Maryland
Edgartown
El Paso del Norte, Texas
and New Mexico.
Fairfield.
Maryland.
Massachusetts .
Toxas..
Pennsylvania
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Florida
Maino
•
·
Texas
El Paso.
Erie
Bridgeport
Fall River
Fernandina .
Ellsworth
-
Mar. 3, 1857
changed February 13,
1837.
July 31, 1789
→
Galveston.. Dec. 13. 1845
Rochester
Mar. 3, 1805
Known under this name
since 1874-'5. Formerly
Texas district.
Georgetown
July 31, 1789
Georgetown
July 31, 1789
Gloucester.
·
July 31, 1789
Somers Point.
Aug. 4, 1790
-
Port Huron...
Apr. 13, 1866
Kennebunk.
May 10, 1800
Key West
May 7, 1822
Tuckerton
Mar. 2, 1799
Machias
Marblehead... July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Fernandina..
Frenchman's Bay
Galveston
Genesee
Georgetown
Georgetown
Gloucester
Great Egg Harbor.
Huron.
Kennebunk...
Key West
Little Egg Harbor
Machias
Marblehead
Miami
Michigan
Middletown
•
·
Milwaukee
New York.
District of Colum-
bia.
South Carolina...
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Michigan
Maino
Florida
New Jersey.
Maino
Massachusetts.
Ohio
Michigan
Minnesota.
Mobile...
Montana and Idaho
Nantucket..
Natchez
Newark
New Bedford
-
Newburyport.
New Ilaven
New London.
New Orleans.
Newport..
Toledo
Mar. 3, 1805
Grand Haven.
Apr. 18, 1866
Connecticut..
Middletown.
Mar. 2, 1799
Wisconsin
Milwaukee
Sept. 22, 1850
Minnesota
Pembina.
Alabama..
Mobile.
Montana and Idaho Fort Benton
Massachusetts....] Nantucket
Mississippi.
New Jersey.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Connecticut
Louisiana
Rhode Island
New York..
New York
Niagara
Norfolk and Portsmouth.
Oregon
Oswegatchie
New York.
Virginia.
Oregon
•
- ►
Natchez
..
Sept. 22, 1850
1804?
Apr. 13, 1866
July 31, 1789
June 13, 1834
Newark
June 30, 1834
New Bedford July 31, 1789
Newburyport. July 31, 1789
New Haven... July 31, 1789
New London.. July 31, 1789
New Orleans.. June 15, 1811
Newport
New York
Aug. 4, 1790
July 31, 1789
Suspension Mar. 2, 1799
Bridge.
Norfolk
July 31, 1789
Astoria
-
Aug. 14, 1848
New Yok
-
Ogdensburg
Mar. 2, 1811
Oswego...
Pamlico.
Passamaquoddy
Pearl River.
Pensacola
New York..
North Carolina.
Maine
►
Mississippi
Florida
Oswego.
Mar. 2, 1799
Newberry
Feb. 15, 1867
Eastport
July 31, 1789
Shieldsbor-
Mar. 2, 1821
ough.
Pensacola
May 7, 1822
Perth Amboy
•
Petersburg
Now Jersey
Virginia
Perth Amboy.
July 31, 1789
Petersburg
May 10, 1800
Formerly Mississippi
district.
Philadelphia.
Plymouth..
Portland and Falmouth..
Portsmouth.
Providence
Puget Sound
Richmond
Saco.
Sag Harbor
Saint Augustine
Pennsylvania.
Massachusetts.
Maine
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Washington Ter..
Virginia
Maine
New York
Florida
Florida
Saint John's
Florida
·
Saint Mark's.
Saint Mary's
Georgia.
Philadelphia.. July 31, 1789
Plymouth. July 31, 1789
Portland July 31, 1789
Portsmouth... July 31, 1789
Providence June 14, 1790
Port Townsend Feb. 14, 1851
Richmond .... July 31, 1789
Saco
Formerly (in part) Ber-
muda Hundred and
City Point.
Formerly (in part) Ber-
muda Hundred and
City Point; changed
May 10, 1800.
July 31, 1789 Formerly Biddeford and
Pepperelborough;
changed in 1807.
Sag Harbor... July 31, 1789
Saint Augus- May 7, 1822
tine.
Jacksonville.. Mar. 2, 1831
Cedar Keys... Jan. 21, 1829
Saint Mary's.. Mar. 2, 1799
106
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
Present Collection Districts of the United States-Continued.
Name of District.
Salem and Beverly.
Saluria
San Diego
Sandusky.
San Francisco
Savannah.
Stonington..
-
-
Southern Oregon.
Superior
Tappahannock.
Teche
Texas.
Vermont.
Vicksburg
Waldoborough
·
Willamette
Wilmington
Wiscasset
York
Yorktown
•
State or Territory Present Port of
of Port of Entry.
Massachusetts.
Texas
Entry.
Indianola..... Mar. 3, 1847
When
formed.
Salem..
July 31, 1789
San Diego
Sept. 22, 1850
Sandusky.
Mar. 3, 1811
California.
San Francisco.
Sept. 22, 1850
Georgia..
Connecticut
Savannah..
July 31, 1789
Stonington...
Aug. 3, 1842
Empire City..
Mar. 3, 1873
Marquette...
Mar. 2, 1799
California.
Ohio..
Oregon
Michigan
Virginia
Louisiana.
Texas.
Vermont.
Mississippi
Maino.
Oregon
North Carolina
Maine
Maine
Virginia
Remarks.
Tappahannock Aug. 4, 1790
Morgan City.. Mar. 2, 1811
Galveston.
Formerly Michilimacki-
noc; changed June 25,
1868.
Dec. 31, 1845
Mar. 2, 1791
Burlington.
Vicksburg. July 7, 1838
Waldoborough Mar. 2, 1799
Portland..
June 14, 1870
Wilmington
Aug. 4, 1790
Wiscasset
July 31, 1789
York
July 31, 1789
Yorktown
July 31, 1789
Description of the present Collection Districts of the United States, in their
order of succession; commencing at the northeastern point and following
the coast and frontiers towards the right around to the place of beginning.
AROOSTOOK (Me.). County of Aroostook.
PASSAMAQUODDY (Me.). From Aroostook County, along Saint Croix
River, and the coast to Moose Cove.
MACHIAS (Me.). From Moose Cove to line between Hancock and Wash-
ington Counties.
FRENCHMAN'S BAY (Me.). From east line of Hancock County to a line
running from the southerly point of Newbury Neck through Blue
Hill Bay to the eastward of Tinker's Island, Pond Island, Swan
Island, and Long Island to the Atlantic.
CASTINE (Me.). From Frenchman's Bay district and around to include
shores of Hancock County, on Isle au Haut Bay, Penobscot Bay,
and Penobscot River.
BANGOR (Me.). Counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the town
of Frankfort, in Waldo County [embraces a part of northern frontier
of Maine].
BELFAST (Me.). From south line of Frankfort to south line of Camden,
with islands of Isleborough, North Haven, and Vinal Haven.
WALDOBOROUGH (Me.). From middle of Damariscotta River to south
line of town of Northport.
WISCASSET (Me.). Towns of Wiscasset and Booth Bay.
BATH (Me.). Towns of Bath, Brunswick, Georgetown, Hallowell, Pitts-
ton, and Topsham [understood to include the Kennebec and An-
droscoggin Rivers and their tributaries, and to extend to northern
frontier of State].
PORTLAND AND FALMOUTH (Me.). Porland, Falmouth, North Yar-
mouth, Brunswick, Freeport, and Harpswell.
SACO (Me.). From Cape Elizabeth to the line between Kennebunkport
and Biddeford.
KENNEBUNK (Me.). Towns of Wells and Arundel.
YORK (Me.). Town of York.
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
107
PORTSMOUTH (Me. and N. H.). Towns of Berwick and Kittery, Me.,
and the State of New Hampshire.
NEWBURYPORT (Mass.). From New Hampshire to south line of Ipswich.
GLOUCESTER (Mass.). From south line of Ipswich to south line of Man-
chester.
SALEM AND BEVERLY (Mass.). Towns of Beverly, Danvers, and Salem.
MARBLEHEAD (Mass.). Towns of Marblehead and Lynu.
BOSTON AND CHARLESTOWN (Mass.). Counties of Middlesex, Norfolk,
and Suffolk.
PLYMOUTH (Mass.). County of Plymouth, eastern shore.
BARNSTABLE (Mass.). County of Barnstable.
NEW BEDFORD (Mass.). Shores of Bristol and Plymouth on Buzzard's
Bay and Atlantic; also islands in Bristol County.
NANTUCKET (Mass.). County of Nantucket.
EDGARTOWN (Mass.). Dukes County.
FALL RIVER (Mass. and R. I.). Shores of Massachusetts on Taunton
River and Mount Hope Bay, and north part of Tiverton, R. I.
PROVIDENCE (R. I.). Part of State north of south line of Kent County
and of northwest line of Bristol, bordering on Greenwich Bay,
Providence Bay, and Providence River, to head of navigation.
BRISTOL AND WARREN (R. I.). Towns of Bristol, Warren, and Bar-
rington; also Providence Plantations and shores within a line
beginning at middle of bay between Mount Hope and Common-
Fence Point, thence running southwest through middle of Bristol
Ferry, and till it strikes a point equidistant from Rhode Island and
Prudence Island, and thence to west shore of Bullock's Point.
NEWPORT (R. I.). From east line of Westerly to south line of Kent; also
towns, harbors, and landing places of Jamestown, Hope and Rhode
Islands, and islands adjacent, except Prudence Island.
STONINGTON (R. I. and Conn.). From Mystic River (west line), to east line
of Pawcatuck River, including town of Westerly, R. I.
NEW LONDON (Conn.). From west line of Mystic River to west line of
Lynn.
MIDDLETOWN (Conn.). Shores of Connecticut River from its mouth to
head of navigation, and to west line of Middlesex County.
NEW HAVEN (Conn.). From Middlesex County to Housatonic River.
FAIRFIELD (Conn.). From Housatonic River to west line of Connecticut.
SAG HARBOR (N. Y.). From Oyster Pond Point [Orient Point] to Mon-
tauk Point.
NEW YORK (N. Y. and N. J.). All of State of New York not in any
other district, and that part of New Jersey within Hudson and
Bergen Counties. [This includes all of the northern and southern
shores of Long Island; all of Staten Island, the parts bordering on
Long Island Sound, and on Hudson River, in New York, and from
Jersey City, inclusive, northward to State line, on the eastern shore.
of New Jersey.]
NEWARK (N. J.). North shore of Kill von Kull and waters around to
north line of Rahway.
PERTH AMBOY (N. J.). From north line of Rahway southward to Bar-
negat Inlet.
LITTLE EGG HARBOR (N. J.). From Barnegat Inlet to Brigantine Inlet.
GREAT EGG HARBOR (N. J.). From Brigantine Inlet to Cape May.
BRIDGETON (N. J.). From Cape May northward on Delaware Bay within
the counties of Cape May, Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland.
BURLINGTON (N. J.). Northward from Gloucester County along Dela-
ware River, except the town of Camden.
108
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
PHILADELPHIA (Pa. and N. J.). Parts of Pennsylvania on the Delaware
River, and town of Camden, N. J.
DELAWARE (Del.). State of Delaware.
CHERRYSTONE (Md. and Va.). Atlantic shore from State of Delaware
to Cape Charles, and up Chesapeake Bay to State line of Maryland.
EASTERN DISTRICT (Md.). From southern line of Maryland along Chesa-
peake Bay to south side of Choptank River.
BALTIMORE (Md.). From Choptank River, around Chesapeake Bay, to
north side of Magothy River.
ANNAPOLIS (Md.). Magothy River southward and shores of Potomac
River within State of Maryland.
GEORGETOWN (D. C.). North side of Potomac River, from Pamunkey
Creek to head of navigation.
ALEXANDRIA (Va.). South side of Potomac River, from "Boyd's Hole"
to head of tide-water.
TAPPAHANNOCK (Va.). From "Boyd's Hole" southward along Potomac
and west shore of Chesapeake Bay to south shore of Rappahannock
River.
YORKTOWN (Va.). From Rappahannock River to the point forming south
shore of York River, and up the Pamunkey and Mattapony Rivers
to head of navigation.
RICHMOND (Va.). Richmond, Manchester, and Bermuda Hundred, and
waters of James River from Bermuda Hundred to highest tide-
waters.
PETERSBURG (Va.). Petersburg, City Point, and waters of James River,
from Hood's and the junction of Chickahominy to junction of James
and Appomattox Rivers, and to highest tide-water of Appomattox
and Chickahominy.
NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH (Va.). From south side of York River along
west shore of Chesapeake Bay to Hampton; thence up north shore
of James to east side of Chickahominy; also the coast from North
Carolina northward to Cape Henry, and along south shore of James
River to Hood's, and up Elizabeth River to head of tide-water.
ALBEMARLE (N. C.). From Virginia line to Loggerhead Inlet, including
Albemarle, Currituck, and Croatan Sounds, and part of Pamlico
Sound.
PAMLICO (N. C.). From Loggerhead Inlet, exclusive of district of Albe-
marle, and including south line of Neuse River to northern entrance
to Cove Sound.
BEAUFORT (N. C.). From Pamlico district, southward, to and including
New River Inlet.
WILMINGTON (N. C.). From south side of New River Inlet to State of
South Carolina.
GEORGETOWN (S. C.). From North Carolina line southward to Cape
Romain.
CHARLESTON (S. C.). From Cape Romain to Combahee River.
BEAUFORT (S. C. and Ga.). From Combahee River to Back River, in
Georgia.
SAVANNAH (Ga.). Savannah River and waters to south point of Sapelo
Island.
BRUNSWICK (Ga.). From south point of Sapelo Island to south point of
Jeckyl Island.
SAINT MARY'S (Ga.). From south point of Jeckyl Island to Florida State
line.
FERNANDINA (Fla.). County of Nassau, Florida.
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
109
SAINT JOHN'S (Fla.). From south line of Nassau County to south side of
Saint John's River.
SAINT AUGUSTINE (Fla.). Shores of mainland of Florida from south
side of Saint Jolin's River to Indian River.
KEY WEST (Fla.). From Indian River around to Tampa Bay with
islands opposite.
SAINT MARK'S (Fla.). From Tampa Bay to Ocklockney Bay.
APALACHICOLA (Fla.). From Ocklockney Bay to Cape Saint Blas.
PENSACOLA (Fla.). From Cape Saint Blas to Alabama State line.
MOBILE (Ala.). State of Alabama.
PEARL RIVER (Miss.). From Alabama to waters and shores of Lake
Borgne.
NEW ORLEANS (La., &c.). From Lake Borgne, Bayou La Forche, and
up the same to Donaldsonville on the west bank of the Mississippi,
and from thence up the west bank of Mississippi, including both
banks of said river above State of Mississippi; also all of Louisiana
east of said river. [This district includes the Mississippi River and
its tributaries, except Vicksburg and Natchez districts, up to south
line of State of Minnesota, and except a small part on the west bank
in Teche district.]
NATCHEZ (Miss.). East side of Mississippi River from Louisiana State
line up to point where range line between townships 13 and 14 of
Washington land district strikes said river.
VICKSBURG (Miss.). East side of Mississippi River above Natchez dis-
trict, including State of Mississippi, along the river, excepting Co-
lumbus, in Lowndes County.
TECHE (La.). Gulf coast from Bayou La Forche to Texas State line
and along west bank of Mississippi from Plaquemine to Donaldson-
ville.
GALVESTON (Tex.). From Louisiana State line to north line of Mata-
gorda County.
SALURIA (Tex.). Includes all of State of Texas south and west of Mata
gorda and Wharton Counties, excepting the counties of Refugio,
Bee, Live Oak, McMullen, La Salle, Webb, and others lying south of
these. [Includes also the Rio Grande frontier from Webb County
up to El Paso County.]
CORPUS CHRISTI (Tex.). Counties of Neuces, Zapeta, Duval, Encinal,
Webb, La Salle, McMullen, Live Oak, Bée, Refugio, and San Pa
tricio, as they existed at the time when this district was formed.
BRAZOS DE SANTIAGO (Tex.). Padre Island and the counties of Cam-
eron, Hidalgo, and Starr as they existed when this district was
formed.
PASO DEL NORTE (Tex., N. Mex., and Ariz.). County of El Paso, in
Texas and New Mexico, as it existed in 1854.
SAN DIEGO (Cal.). From southern line of California to northern line of
Santa Barbara County.
SAN FRANCISCO (Cal.). From northern line of Santa Barbara County
to State of Oregon.
SOUTHERN OREGON (Oreg.). From State of California to northern bank
of Sinslaw River.
OREGON (Oreg.). From northern bank of Siuslaw River to north line of
Oregon, and west of the junction of the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers.
WILLAMETTE (Oreg.). That part of Oregon above the junction of the
Columbia and Willamette Rivers, and drained by their waters.
PUGET SOUND (Wash. Ter.). The Pacific coast of Washington Territory
110
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
west of the Coast range and the northern frontier north of latitude
48° to the Territory of Idaho.
ALASKA. The Territory of Alaska, as organized for purposes of revenue.
MONTANA AND IDAHO. The Territories thus named.
MINNESOTA (Minn.). The State of Minnesota (including Dakota Terri-
tory, which was included in Minnesota in 1850), excepting so much
of the State as is drained by the tributaries of Lake Superior.
DULUTH (Minn.). That part of the State of Minnesota upon Lake Supe-
rior and its tributaries.
SUPERIOR (Mich.). Includes the south shores and waters of Lake
Superior from the Minnesota line eastward to and including the
Sault Ste. Marie River and islands opposite to the latitudinal line
between townships 43 and 44, and thence westward along said line
as far as Michigan district extends, including the part of the upper
peninsula of Michigan bordering on Green Bay.
MILWAUKEE (Wis.). The shores and waters of Lake Michigan and Green
Bay within the State of Wisconsin.
CHICAGO (Ill. and Ind.). The shores and waters of Lake Michigan within
the States of Indiana and Illinois.
MICHIGAN (Mich.). The lower peninsula west of the principal meridian,
and so much of the upper peninsula west of that line as lies south
of the line between townships 43 and 44, not including the waters
of Green Bay.
HURON. That part of Michigan north of the mouth of the Saint Clair
River and east of the principal meridian that lies south of the line
between townships 43 and 44.
DETROIT (Mich.). From the mouth of Saint Clair River southward to
the State of Ohio.
MIAMI (Ohio). The shores and waters of Lake Erie from the State of
Michigan eastward to the western cape of Sandusky Bay.
SANDUSKY (Ohio). That part of the State of Ohio extending from the
western cape of Sandusky Bay to the western bank of Vermillion
River.
CUYAHOGA (Ohio). From the west bank of Vermillion River to the State
line of Pennsylvania.
ERIE (Pa.). That part of Pennsylvania that borders upon Lake Erie.
DUNKIRK (N. Y.). The counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, includ-
ing both sides of Cattaraugus Creek.
BUFFALO CREEK (N. Y.). From Cattaraugus Creek to Tonawanda Creek.
NIAGARA (N. Y.). From Tonawanda Creek along Niagara River and
Lake Ontario to Oak Orchard Creek.
GENESEE (N. Y.). From Oak Orchard Creek to the western extremity
of Sodus Bay, not including the waters of said bay.
OSWEGO. (N. Y.). From Sodus Bay, inclusive, to Salmon River.
CAPE VINCENT (N. Y.). From the mouth of Salmon River to the line
between Jefferson and Saint Lawrence Counties.
OSWEGATCHIE (N. Y.). From Cape Vincent district to the point where
the line of 45° north latitude strikes the Saint Lawrence River.
CHAMPLAIN (N. Y.). Along the line of 45° north latitude from the Saint
Lawrence River to Lake Champlain, and the waters of said lake
within the State of New York.
VERMONT (Vt.). The State of Vermont.
[The districts of PORTSMOUTH, BATH, and BANGOR, already described
in connection with the Atlantic coast of New Hampshire and Maine,
complete the line of frontier to Aroostook, the place of beginning.]
COLLECTION DISTRICTS.
111
Mar. 2, 1831
June 15, 1844
|
Remarks.
Changed to Richmond district.
and Pepperelborough. Since
changed to Saco district.
Annexed to Saint Mary's dis-
trict, Ga. Sinco restored.
Included in Albemarle district
in 1867.
Georgia..
North Carolina
-
·
Oregon.
Maryland
Maryland.
Massachusetts..
Virginia..
Virginia.
Obsolete names of Collection Districts.
Former name. State or Territory. When formed.
Bermuda Hundred | Virginia
and City Point.
Biddeford and Pep- Maine
perelborough.
Blakely
Brunswick
Camden..
Cape Perpetua.
Cedar Point
Chester.
Dighton
Dumfries
· ·
East River.
-
Alabama
When dis-
continued.
July 31, 1789
May 10, 1800
July 31, 1789
Mar. 2, 1799
Consolidated as York, Biddeford
Apr. 17, 1822
July 31, 1789
Aug. 4, 1790
Mar. 3, 1855
Aug. 4, 1790
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
May 1, 1802
|
Edenton
North Carolina
Aug. 4, 1790
El Paso del Norte.. Texas
Erio
Ohio.
Folly Landing
Virginia
► •
Hampton
Virginia
Apr. 2, 1854
Mar. 2, 1799
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Georgia
Maryland.
Hardwicke
Havre de Graso.
Hudson...
New York..
Northwest Ter...
Massachusetts.
Northwest Tor.
Michigan
Louisiana*
California.
Illinois
Ipswich
Marietta.
Ohio
Massac.
Michilimackinack
Mississippi
Monterey..
Nanjemoy
Newbern
Nottingham
Mumphreymagog.. Vermont.
New Hampshire..
Ocracoke
Ohio.
Orford
Port Orford.
Presque Isle
Palmyra
Penobscot
Plymouth.
Port Huron
·
-
Maryland.
-
North Carolina
Now Hampshire
Maryland..
North Carolina
Northwest Ter
Maryland..
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Tennessee
Maine
North Carolina
New York
--
·
·
-
·
- A
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
Feb. 26, 1795
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
May 1, 1802
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
Sept. 22, 1830
Mar. 2, 1811
May 27, 1796
Aug. 4, 1790
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Aug. 30, 1850
Mar. 2, 1799
July 31, 1789
Mar. 3, 1855
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
July 31, 1789
Apr. 25, 1808
Apr. 3, 1866
Mar. 3, 1803
|
|
|
|
Feb. 25, 1867
June 11, 1864
May 27, 1796
May 7, 1822
Feb. 13, 1837
May 7, 1822
June 15, 1844
Feb. 25, 1867
Mar. 3, 1857
Apr. 11, 1818
Juno 15, 1844
May 7, 1822
June 15, 1844
May 7, 1822
May 7, 1822
Feb. 13, 1807
June 15, 1844
Feb. 13, 1807
Feb. 13, 1807
June 25, 1868
June 15, 1844
June 2, 1862
May 7, 1822
Apr. 25, 1808
Feb. 25, 1867
Mar. 2, 1799
May 7, 1822
Feb. 25, 1867
Feb. 13, 1807
Feb. 25, 1867
June 11, 1864
June 17, 1864
Mar. 2, 1801
Apr. 13, 1866
Feb. 25, 1867
June 3, 1868
Mar. 3, 1863
June 2, 1862
Michigan
Sacket's Harbor
Sacramento
California.
Sept. 22, 1850
|
Saint Mary's.
Maryland.
Apr. 25, 1808
San Diego
California..
Sept. 22, 1850
June 15, 1844
June 2, 1862
San Joaquin
California.
Sept. 22, 1850
June 2, 1862
San Pedro
California...
Aug. 3, 1854
June 3, 1862
Sault Ste. Marie...
Michigan
Snow Hill
Maryland.
Sonoma
California..
South Quay..
Virginia
Mar. 3, 1863
July 31, 1780
Sept. 22, 1850
July 31, 1789
Sunbury.
Georgia.
Tappahannock.
Virginia
Texas
Texas
Umpqua
Upper California.
Vienna..
Oregon.
California.
Maryland.
July 31, 1789
July 31, 1789
Dec. 31, 1845
Feb. 14, 1851
Mar. 3, 1849
July 31, 1799
|
June 15, 1868
June 15, 1814
June 2, 1862
May 7, 1822
June 15, 1844
Apr. 19, 1871
1875
Mar. 2, 1855
Sept. 22, 1850
Feb. 25, 1867
|
|
|
Annoxed to Oregon district.
Changed to Nanjemoy district.
Annexed to Baltimore district.
Changed to Fall River district.
Annexed to Tappahannock dis-
trict.
Formed from and reannexed to
Yorktown district.
Included in Albemarle district
in 1867.
Changed to El Paso district.
Changed to Cuyahoga district.
Annexed to Cherrystone district.
Annexed to Norfolk and Ports-
mouth district.
Annexed to Savannah district.
Annexed to Baltimoro district.
Annexed to New York district.
Annexed to Mississippi district.
Annexed to Newburyport dis-
trict.
Annexed to Mississippi district.
Aunexed to Mississippi district.
Changed to Superior district.
Changed to New Orleans district.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict.
Annexed to Vermont district.
Formerly Cedar Point; changed
to Saint Mary's district.
Included in Pamlico district.
Changed to Portsmouth district.
Annexed to Annapolis district.
Included in Pamlico district.
Annexed to Mississippi district.
Annexed to Baltimoro district.
Annexed to Oregon district.
Changed to Eric district.
Annexed to Massac district.
Changed to Castine district.
Included in Albemarle district
in 1867
Changed to Huron district.
Annexed to Cape Vincent dis-
trict.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict.
Changed from Nanjemoy district,
annexed to Annapolis district.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict. Since restored.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict.
Merged in Superior district.
Annexed to Vienna district.
Annexed to San Francisco dis-
trict.
Annexed to Norfolk and Ports-
mouth district.
Annexed to Savannah district.
Annexed to Alexandria district.
Changed to Galveston district.
Mergedin Cape Perpetua district.
Divided into six districts.
Merged in Eastern district; a
part annexed to Cherrystone,
Va.
*The region south of Tennessee prior to the purchase of Louisiana in 1803.
+ Name changed to Galveston in the Reports beginning in 1874-'75.
112
GENERAL STATEMENTS AND COMPARISONS.
Obsolete names of Collection Districts-Continued.

When dis-
continued.
Former name.
State or Territory. Whenformed.
hen
Washington
White Mountains..
Yeocomico River
Yeocomico.....
North Carolina
New Hampshire
Virginia
Virginia
York,
Biddeford,
Maine
Aug. 4, 1790
Mar. 2, 1811
July 31, 1789
Mar. 2, 1799
Mar. 2, 1799
Feb. 25, 1867
May 7, 1822
Mar. 2, 1799
May 7, 1822
Dec. 15, 1807
and Pepperelbor-
ough.
|
Remarks.
Included in Pamlico district.
Annexed to Portsmouth district.
Changed to Yeocomico district.
Annexed to Tappahannock dis-
trict.
Changed to Saco district.
1.-GENERAL STATEMENTS AND COMPARISONS.
1. Comparison of value of Products of the Sea, of the Forest, and of Agriculture, from
1802-'03 to 1860-'61.1
2. Exportation of various classes of Forest Products from 1854-55 to 1878-79. (Values.)
3. General summary of exportation of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and
Scantling, and of Hewn Timber.
(a) Proximate value of Lumber (Boards, Staves, Hewn Timber, &c.) exported
from 1802-'03 to 1821-22.
(b) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantling, and
of Hewn Timber, exported from 1821-22 to 1878-79.
(c) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, &c., and of Hewn Tim-
ber, exported by countries from 1820-21 to 1853-'54, with general summaries.
1. COMPARISON OF VALUES OF EXPORTED PRODUCTS OF THE SEA, OF THE FOREST,
AND OF AGRICULTURE, FROM 1802-3 TO 1860-61.
Years.
The Sea. The Forest.
Agricul-
ture.
Years.
The Sea.
The Forest.
Agricul-
ture.
1802-'03
$2,635, 000
1803-'04
3, 420, 000
$4, 850,000 $32, 995, 000
4, 630,000 | 30, 890, 000
1832-'33
$2, 402, 469
|
1833-'34
1804-'05
2, 884, 000
5, 261, 000
1805-'06
3, 116, 000
4,861, 000 |
1806-'07 ..
1807-'08
1808-'09
1809-'10
2,804, 000
832, 000
1,701, 000
1, 481, 000
180-'11
1, 413, 000
1811-'12
935, 000
1812-'13
304, 000
5, 476,000
1, 399, 000
4, 583, 000 |
4,978, 000 |
5, 286, 000
2,701, 000 |
1, 107, 000|
1813-'14
1814-'15
188, 000
912, 000
1815-'16..
1, 331,000
1816-'17
1817-'18
1, 671, 000
2, 187, 000
1818-'19
2, 024, 000
1819-'20
2,251, 000
1820-'21
1, 499, 188
1821-'22
1, 381, 589
1822-'23
1, 658, 224
1823-'24
1, 610, 990
1824-'25
1,595, 035
1825-'26
1,473, 388
570,000
3,901, 000
7, 293, 000
6, 484, 000
5,691, 000 |
4,927,000
5,304, 000 |
3,794, 341
3, 815, 512
4, 498, 911
4,889, 646
4,938, 949
3, 951, 250 |
31, 502, 000
30, 125, 000
37, 832, 000
6,746, 000
23, 234, 000
33, 502, 000
35, 556, 000
24, 555, 000
23, 119, 000
5, 613, 000
38, 910, 000
53, 354, 000
57, 222, 000
62, 897, 000
41, 452, 000
41, 485, 000
35, 407, 992
41, 272, 379
37.646, 726
38, 995, 198
54, 237, 751
41, 253, 001
1834-'35
1835-'36.
1836-'37
1837-'38
1838-'39
1839-'40
1840-'41
2, 071, 493
2, 174, 524
2,666, 058
2,711, 452
$4, 906, 339
4, 457, 997
5, 397, 004
$55, 343, 421
67, 380, 787
84, 497, 772
5, 361, 740
91, 625, 924
5,472, 313
78, 385, 281
3, 175, 576
5, 200, 499
78, 194, 447
1, 917, 969
5, 764, 5:9
84, 913, 834
3, 198, 370
5, 323, 085
02, 525, 339
2, 846, 851
6, 264, 852
83, 747, 947
1841-'42...
2, 823, 010
5, 518, 262
73, 748, 113
1826-'27
1, 575, 332
3, 343, 970
47, 065, 143
1842-'43
1843-'44
1844-'45.
1845-'46
1846-'47
1847-'48
1848-'49
1849-'50
1850-'51
1851-'52.
1852-'53
1853-'54
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
2, 112, 548
3, 361, 909
64, 867, 171
3, 350, 501
5, 808, 712
79, 938, 410
4, 507, 124
3, 453, 398
3, 468, 033
1, 980, 963
6, 550, 421
6,807, 248
5, 996, 073
75, 409, 860
059, 084
78, 827, 511
129, 108, 317
107, 330, 862
2, 547, 654
5, 917, 994
111, 059, 378
2, 824, 818
3, 204, 691
2,282, 312
3, 279, 413
3, 044, 301
7,442, 503
7,847, 022
7,864, 220
108, 482, 797
145, 903, 778
3, 516, 894 |
3, 356, 797
7, 915, 259
11, 646, 571
12, 603, 837
10, 694, 184
3, 739, 644
1827-'28
1, 693, 980
1828-'20
1829-'00
1830-31
1831-'32
1,817, 100
1,725, 270
1, 889, 472
2,550, 538
3, 889, 611 38, 610, 924
3, 681, 759 43, 954, 584
4, 192, 004 46, 977, 332
4, 263, 477 47, 261, 433
4,347, 794 49, 416, 183
1857-'58
3,550, 295
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
→
4, 462, 974
4, 451, 515
4, 156, 480
14, 694, 711
13, 475, 671
14, 489, 406 |
124, 375, 887
154, 239, 296
170, 512, 560
145, 423, 788
| 218, 290, 649
227,558,
227, 558, 727
201, 632, 408
222, 909, 718
13, 738, 559 256, 264, 996
10, 260, 809 | 149, 492, 026
¹In 1802 a classification of articles exported was introduced in the official statistics
of Commerce and Navigation, published by the General Government, with the view
of showing the sources from which derived. These tables were continued down to
June 30, 1861, when the forms of these tables were materially changed, and these dis-
tinctions were no longer shown.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 113
1802-'03
1803-'04 .
1804-'05....
1805-'06
1806-'07
Years.
1. Comparison of Values of exported Products, &c.-Continued.
(The above table in five-year averages.)

Years.
The Sea.
The Forest.
Agricul.
Years.
The Sea. The Forest.
Agricul-
ture.
turo.
1803-'07
1808-'12
$5, 971, 800
1,272, 400
$5, 015, 600
$32, 680, 800
1833-'37
$2, 405, 199
$5, 119, 079
||
$75, 446, 637
3,789, 400
24, 718, 600
1838-'42
2,792, 355
1813-'17
881, 200
3,871, 000
35, 643, 600
1843-'47
3, 378, 321
1818-'22
1,869, 155
4,706, 377
44, 502, 874
1848-'52
2, 586, 091
5, 614, 251
5,684, 873
7,226, 165
82, 625, 936
85, 630, 254
119, 430, 540
1823-'27
1, 582, 600
4,324, 545
43, 839, 564
1853-'57
3, 387, 410
11, 510, 912 |
183, 205, 004
1828-'32
1,936, 472
4,074, 929
45, 244, 091
1854-'61
4, 155, 316
12, 991, 111 207, 574, 787
2. EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, FROM 1854-'55 to
1878-79. (VALUES.)
Lumber, Timber, Shin-
Shooks, and other raw
materials of wood.
gles, Staves, Laths,
Household Furniture and
various manufactures of
wood.
Resinous Products usually
termed "naval stores
(Rosin, Turpentine, Tar,
Pitch, Spirits of Tur-
pentine).
Incidental forest products.
Asbes.
Barks, Pot and Pearl
Other incidental
products not of
wood growth (Gin-
seng, Furs, and
Skins).
Total Forest Products.
1851-'55...
$5, 593, 967
1855-'56
5, 056, 443
$4,487, 380
3, 483, 635
$3, 126, 608
2,086, 601
1856-'57..
7, 594, 612
4, 037, 872
1857-'58
2, 494, 528
$547, 667
1,050, 458
1,019, 121
$719,
327
1, 128, 157
1, 174, 372
7,532, 421
3, 167, 177
$14, 484, 949
12, 805, 284
16, 320, 505
1858-'59
2, 654, 171
947, 569
7, 287, 988
1, 196, 114
3, 407, 058
15, 497, 452
1859-'60.
3, 695, 474
1,056, 562
6, 245, 768
1,415, 556
3, 782, 209
16, 862, 638
1860-'61
3, 885, 931
987, 080
4,700, 805
1, 828, 974
3, 182, 128
16, 729, 962
1861-'62
2, 395, 324
841, 023
5, 974, 671
1, 171, 365
2,698, 247
12, 290, 645
1862-'63
403, 975
8, 123, 773
643, 412
1, 202, 997
3, 831, 064
484, 334
1863-'64
807, 268
9, 658, 976
2,521, 404
1864-'65
13, 873, 291
2, 649, 118
3,036, 697
214, 321
663, 201
1,382, 970
1865-'66
329, 443
885, 724
11, 374, 130
1, 583, 512
1,308, 137
1866-'67
1, 964, 672
413, 777
12, 503, 100
1,733, 962
2, 335, 474
1867-'68
3, 050, 116
252, 291
12, 595, 885
2,553, 211
2, 199, 949
1868-'69
3,766, 732
473, 504
11, 897, 011
1,832, 197
2,913, 137
1869-'70
3,660, 512
249, 339
11, 121, 123
2,039, 563
2, 613, 715
1870-'71
3,277, 387
385, 219
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75 .
10, 518, 795
8, 799, 251
15, 663, 162
17, 362, 767
13, 686, 715
1,962, 750
2, 500, 747
2,704. 043
199, 444
1, 709, 578
2,975, 190
3,456, 640
3, 990, 954
5, 909, 221
274, 975
3, 392, 289
10, 923, 302
15,767, 843
14, 568, 586
19, 708, 667
16,794, 678
20, 340, 930
21, 221, 529
20,759, 562
19, 360, 194
17, 632, 607
21, 350, 926
2,876, 817
257, 501
4, 066, 694
26, 320, 814
6, 044, 143
277, 434
3,783, 125
4,053, 370
31, 458, 423
1875-'76.
4,826, 169
13, 463, 422
309, 560
5,055, 350
3,832, 853
27, 931, 164
1876-'77
4, 025, 338
14, 785, 836
298, 873
5,045, 837
3,658, 201
26, 316, 867
1877-78...
4,819, 427
89, 603
12, 653, 168
4,351, 070
4, 123, 244
1878-'79..
4,820, 982
11, 616, 351
149, 724
3, 111, 347
4, 008, 143
4,306, 254
192, 205
5, 293, 767
27,704, 137
24, 858, 465
25, 416, 720
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
3. GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING, SHINGLES,
BOARDS, PLANK AND SCANTLINGS, AND OF HEWN TIMBER.
(a.) Approximate value of Lumber (Boards, Staves, Hewn Timber, &c.) exported from
1802-'03 to 1821-22. (VALUES.)

$2,800,000
2, 540, 000
2, 607, 000
2, 495, 000
2,637, 000
8 FOR
1807-'08 ...
1808-'09...
1809-'10 ...
1810-'11 ..
1811-'12
$723,000
1, 843, 000
2,537, 000
3, 195, 000
1,638, 000
1812-'13 ...
1813-'14
1814-'15..
1815-'16
1816-'17 ..
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
$636,000
258,000
1817-'18
$2,598, 000
1818-'19
2, 466, 000
1,835, 000
1819-'20
4, 004, 000
1820-'21
3, 196, 000
1821-'22
•
3, 203, 000
1, 512, 808
1,307, 670
114 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
1820-'21
Years.
(b.) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn
Timber exported from 1821-22 to 1878–79.



Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1821-'22
$1, 184, 399
1836-'37
$2,333, 663
1851-'52
1822-'23
1, 186, 118
1837-'38
2, 102, 053
1852-'53
1823-'24
1,491, 986
1838-'39
2, 270, 603
1853-'54 ....
1824-'25
$2,674, 577
2,578, 149
5, 122, 854
1, 481, 266
1865-'66...
1866-'67 ...
1867-'68..
$5, 626, 514
6, 909, 497
6, 168, 049
1825-'26.
1,843, 985
1839-'40
1840-'41
1, 801, 049
2,549, 812
1854-'55
1855-'56
4, 921, 308
1868-'69
9, 468, 901
1826-'27
4, 252, 759
1, 515, 162
1841-'42
2, 203, 537
1856-'57..
1827-'28..
6, 956, 206
1869-'70
1870-'71...
1, 629, 249
9, 150, 667
8,995, 396
1842-'43
1,026, 179
1857-'58...
1828-'29
6, 291, 996
1871-'72
1, 553, 828
10, 704, 994
1843-'44
1, 672, 279
1858-'59
1829-'30
6, 286, 772
1872-'73
1, 501, 658
1844-'45....
13, 586, 628
1, 953, 222
1859-'60
1830-'31
5, 544, 649
1873-'74
1, 467, 065
1845-'46...
15, 227, 231
2, 319, 443
1860-'61.
1831-'32
4, 258, 726
1874-75
13, 686, 715
1,522, 053
1846-'47
1, 849, 911
1861-'62
1832-'33
1833-'34
1834-'35
1835-'36
4,812, 323
1875-'76
D
1, 969, 191
13, 463, 422
1847-'48
2, 429, 863
1, 901, 628
1848-'49
1,776, 749
·
2,635, 056
1849-'50
2, 437, 079
1862-'63
1863-'64...
1864-'65 .
7, 062, 386
1876-'77
14,785, 836
7,747, 041
1877-'78...
11, 127, 254
7,495, 333
1878-'79...
2, 153, 623
9, 564, 299
1850-'51..
2, 348, 621
Argentine Republic
and Buenos Ayres.
Austria (Trieste).
(c.) Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, &c., and of Hewn Timber ex-
ported, by countries, from 1820-'21 to 1853–54.

Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Republic of
South America.
Chili.
1821-'22
1822-'23
$6,018
7,666
$1,937
1823-'24
$726
3, 504
892
1824-'25
$14, 523
5, 245
1825-'26
3, 458
12, 900
1826-'27
5,800
1,761
1827-'28
107
$2,521
7,047
$70
20
11, 703
9, 941
11, 107
4, 562
1828-'29
20, 925
10, 535
6, 019
4, 479
1829-'30
13, 109
10, 993
100
4, 281
2, 131
1830-'31
8, 199
19, 229
4, 625
1,599
1831-'32
14, 275
14, 134
7,486
3, 066
994
1832-'33
8, 139
14, 718
6, 295
1,826
391
1833-'34
15, 411
23, 663
7, 137
200
1, 516
1834-'35
$320
28, 823
1,482
22, 614
1,789
3, 341
1835-'36
552
4,311
35, 706
23, 083
4,509
918
1, 802
1836-'37
236
30, 612
25, 600
4,369
2, 105
1837-'38
14, 352
14, 509
3, 502
5,499
1838-'39
1,553
26,855
29, 463
1,714
$3,845
6, 618
63
1839-'40
20, 398
38, 753
4, 721
3,060
10, 416
1840-'41
541
47,052
21, 329
7,330
4, 170
2, 805
1841-'42
1, 150
30, 317
7,310
36, 245
379
8, 744
1842-'43
344
45, 220
3,970
1, 334
7,495
1843-'44
756
>
1,000
2,700
5,516
15, 217
42, 367
14, 538
443
571
3,734
1844-'45
1,040
22, 398
5, 534
138
45, 502
7, 535
1845-'46
240
5, 073
27, 867
18, 790
22, 229
807
10,776
11, 060
1846-'47
1, 021
5,725
37, 227
15, 003
1,538
17,266
110
F
1847-'48
1, 198
10, 457
14,758
10, 709
35, 629
1, 136
8, 659
1848-'49
3, 587
6, 364
77,803
2, 688
856
87,760
24, 375
1849-'50
1,006
6, 145
34, 319
40, 445
162, 803
2, 194
321
1850-'51
8, 045
19, 423
2,800
54, 999
11, 012
72, 386
43, 935
1851-'52
1,776
2, 568
28, 778
18, 210
114, 022
8,392
12, 366
70
1852-'53
9, 186
6, 201
13, 978
3, 552
72, 942
22, 790
30, 963
1853-'54
4, 014
84, 126
40, 445
4, 221
19, 111
9, 825
45, 933
136
5, 640
1, 408
53, 077
4,870
67, 286
1, 643
China.
Cisplatine Republic.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 115
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.
Denmark and Danish
colonies.
France and French colonies.

Years.
Colombia.
Denmark.
Danish West
Indies.
France.
French colonies.

Total.
Mediter-
ranean
ports.
Atlantic Total,
ports.
France.
French French
African West
ports. Indies.
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23
$150
$59, 878
$60, 028
$1, 461
$8, 320
$9,781
47, 476
47, 476
3, 266
$162, 708
5, 670
8,936
1823-'24
34, 523
34, 523
178, 443
5, 959
14, 692
20, 651
-
57, 893
1824-'25
1825-'26
$7,957
4,854
57,893
26, 099
121, 019
26, 009
2,531
52, 108
75, 079
77, 610
165, 459
25, 500
28, 430
53, 930
97, 253
$452
97, 253
179, 119
1826-'27
33, 755
9, 247
35, 610
69, 365
407
77, 799
227,649
77, 799
1827-'28
•
4,847
16, 444
51, 739
68, 183
708
187, 567
1828-'29
188, 275
8, 492
301, 330
4, 140
82, 826
97, 318
150, 391
1829-'30
150, 391
356, 990
29, 534
•
2, 330
84, 435
88, 230
113, 969
1830-'31
88, 230
361, 769
2, 922
65, 636
49, 579
1831-'32
75,552
115, 215
1, 457
75, 552
239, 242
3, 323
48, 421
12, 207
21
60, 628
97, 794
1832-'33
97, 815
156, 992
2,538
23, 648
47, 424
71, 072
60, 105
60, 105
142, 595
1833-'34
·
3,986
34, 564
1, 891
95, 825
62, 315
96, 879
1834-'35
97, 716
167, 428
·
6, 565
59, 380
83, 058
221
1835-236
84, 317
142, 438
84, 538
176, 519
3,399
36, 528
95, 629
132, 157
76, 277
1836-'37
76, 277
1837-'38
2, 345
3, 215
54, 653
168, 810
82, 638
101, 235
137, 291
101, 235
15,933
165, 554
85, 810
96, 254
112, 187
1838-'39
85,810
167, 058
3,804
72, 028
75, 832
82, 457
1839-'40
82, 457
184, 163
12, 901
59, 385
72, 286
•
58,962
1840-'41
58, 962
187, 239
9, 822
50, 102
63,364
59, 924
1841-'42
63, 364
28, 899
192, 682
93, 966
122, 865
46,323
1842-'43
46, 323
58, 173
146, 609
114, 204
160
172, 377
21, 686
2,986
1843-'44
21, 846
33, 029
227,990
500
40, 885
28, 205
73, 914
1844-'45
28, 705
1, 532
145, 675
41, 041
1,499
65, 958
106, 999
54, 528
1845-'46
56, 027
257, 347
9, 919
103
76, 493
86, 412
58,975
5, 508
1846-'47
59, 078
240, 804
13, 638
90, 941
104, 579
41, 590
5, 146
1847-'48
41, 590
21, 823
238, 207
380
112, 269
134, 092
38, 044
4, 175
1848-'49
38, 424
135, 718
53, 681
183, 800
145
29, 505
237, 481
839
1849-'50
29, 650
66, 833
122, 575
145, 789
211
23, 311
212, 622
1850-'51
23, 522
121, 299
216, 155
821
337, 454
1851-'52
29, 492
30, 313
167,500
403
50, 995
184, 233
351, 733
1852-'53
51, 398
183, 542
273, 809
200
1853-'54
30, 019
457, 351
30, 219
150, 983
162, 072
191
39, 926
313, 055
40, 117
103, 045
55, 644
158, 689
40, 674 ·
65, 560
66,489
134, 701
87,337
117,000
116 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.

France and French colonies.
Great Britain and British colonies.
French colonies.
Years.
French
Miquelon
and
Guiana. French
fisheries.
Total
French
colonies.*
Total
France
French
and
colonies.
Great Britain.
Channel Is-
England. Scotland. Ireland.
lands (Jer-
sey, Guern-
sey, &c.).
1820-'21
1821-'22
$162, 708
$172, 489
178, 443
1822-'23
187, 379
$30, 328
46,258
$842
$29, 100
645
48,576
-
1823-'24
121, 019
141, 670
21, 398
376
28, 093
165, 459
1824-'25
217, 567
29, 208
668
66, 314
179, 571
1825-'26
233, 501
30, 949
1, 133
47, 489
228,056
1826-'27
297, 421
27, 228
1,035
48, 715
301, 330
1827-'28
369, 513
17,840
2,725
10, 265
356,990
1828-'29
454, 308
23, 379
1, 195
13, 662
1829-'30
361, 769
475, 738
14, 525
1, 216
1, 534
240, 699
1830-'31
355, 914
15, 317
60
156, 992
1831-'32
217, 620
14, 546
12
142, 595
1832-'33
213, 667
22, 581
170
167, 428
$160
1833-'34
264, 307
6,270
404
$100
36
176, 619
1834-'35
319, 057
10, 757
268
40
168, 810
1835-'36
300, 957
15, 073
1,037
285
-
165, 554
1836-'37
302, 845
20, 137
167, 053
1,697
1837-'38
279, 240
3,217
1,234
184, 168
1838-'39
260,000
6, 004
60
1, 335
188,574
1839-'40
260, 860
11, 060
41
192, 682
1840-'41
252, 606
21, 468
42
378
$1,248
148, 232
1841-'42
271, 097
25, 087
541
1,275
232, 792
1842-'43
404, 169
15, 551
1,006
46
891
4, 139
152, 237
1843-'44
226, 151
30, 707
689
1,900
2,239
260, 275
1844-'45
367, 274
6, 466
599
2,106
732
247, 044
1845-'46
333, 486
17, 905
2,679
1,705
-
371
243, 724
1846-'47
343, 303
154, 862
23, 901
1,248
32, 719
142, 116
1847-'48
275, 233
68, 880
6, 968
689
1, 460
16, 081
125, 563
1848-'49
363, 044
66,999.
18, 410
1, 159
33, 234
452
43, 031
255, 003
1849-'50
81, 203
16, 518
857
10, 555
60
68, 062
403, 931
1850-'51
166, 280
20, 746
645
15, 910
235
67, 369
419, 102
1851-'52
84, 600
16,752
2, 807
8, 434
137, 508
594, 859
142, 912
1852-'53
14, 894
4, 235
1,526
2, 414
91, 277
404, 332
1853-'54.
213, 093
11, 954
2, 934
1,214
118, 214
276, 903
332, 165
22, 609
22, 270
*The French colony of Bourbon [Reunion] was included with the English colony of Mauritius until
1845-'46. Since thon the totals in this column are increased $975 in 1846-47; $750 in 1848-49; $1,585 in
1849-'50, for the values separately reported for "Bourbon" in these years.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 117
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.- Continued.
Great Britain and British colonies.
Years.
Great
Britain.
British colonies.


Total
British
British Gibraltar. Malta.*
Cape
African
of Good
Islands.
ports.
Hope.
British
East
Indies.
British
West
British
Indies.
Guiana.
1820-'21
$60, 270
$42, 258
1821-'22
95, 479
$904
56, 893
$97,970
1822-'23
$30
49, 867
33, 739
1,708
66, 135
1823-'24
580
96, 190
56, 647
324, 042
1824-'25.
79, 621
1, 170
418, 947
48, 335
1825-'26
$650
76, 978
1, 959
394, 854
83, 357
1826-'27
55
30,830
889
507, 351
75, 365
1827-'28.
38, 236
101, 705
196, 593
1828-'29.
17, 275
1829-'30 ...
36, 787
5, 318
17, 644
15, 377
34, 598
1830-'31.
14,558
51, 073
1831-'32
240
22, 911
3,804
699
1,737
1, 065
68,633
186, 808
1832-'33
•
6, 710
2, 696
144, 705
268, 350
1833-'34
$11,900
50
11, 065
6, 594
70, 268
335, 533
1834-'35.
12, 911
$678
16, 395
94, 995
13, 732
222, 909
1835-'36..
2, 067
1, 927
21, 834
6, 915
892
47, 213
204, 434
1836-'37
1, 966
5, 391
12, 721
4, 451
6, 167
40, 232
262, 426
1837-'38
2,076
1,700
11, 465
6, 282
6, 064
3, 423
42, 162
343, 435
3,229
1838-'39
5, 596
11, 101
13, 095
78,336
310, 117
4, 706
1839-'40
21, 510
19, 700
7,682
31, 189
265, 852
852
1840-'41
25, 087
3,542
55, 356
3, 667
185, 359
1841-'42
217
4, 245
16, 603
6, 818
10, 710
57, 222
235, 922
12, 072
1842-'43
32, 607
11, 650
16, 571
230, 968
1,507
1843-'44
9, 171
2, 055
10, 772
36, 665
187, 089
1, 135
1844-'45
22, 289
4,936
6, 605
28, 155
301, 444
7,825
1845-'46
211, 482
2,248
38,785
25, 428
404, 888
6, 562
1846-'47
1, 405
91, 929
22, 360
20, 324
465, 570
22, 521
1847-'48 .
7,812
118,643
26, 489
8, 375
316, 671
2, 702
1848-'49
108, 276
2,256
30, 834
14, 738
1849-'50
2,575
469, 102
26, 428
202, 936
10, 047
24, 854
8, 565
268, 594
914
11, 071
1850-'51
18, 663
109, 786
4, 983
19, 571
282, 387
7,770
1851-'52
162, 041
13, 759
12, 355
13, 795
255, 763
1852-'53
799
7,981
227, 981
11, 817
18, 085
12, 599
1853-'54.
2, 198
308, 393
19, 300
377, 044
4, 905
19, 822
7,741
260, 354
284
9,426
15, 677
29, 871
734, 283
10, 254
*Italy and Malta reported together until 1832–’33.
118 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS
VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.

Great Britain and British colonies.
British colonies.
Years.
Total
Germany
British
American Canada.
colonies.
Mauri-
tius.*
Austra-
lia.
Britain
Other Total and
British British British
colonies. colonies. colonies.
(Hanso
Great towns,
&c.).
1820-'21
$308, 503
1821-'22
102, 332
$383
$450, 018
$510, 288
1822-'23
<<
37, 349
2,964
$136
227, 162
322, 641
514
1823-'24
8, 303
•
73, 735
404, 013
453, 880
113
1824-'25
8, 138
59, 883
558, 637
654, 827
593
1825-'26
$71
133, 857
5, 287
510, 888
590, 509
214
432
1826-'27
120,495
2,846
733, 569
810, 547
103
1827-'28
88, 536
2,235
394, 638
425, 468
1828-'29
162, 345
213, 203
251, 439
400
994
1829-'30
358, 438
204, 401
221, 676
1,106
1830-'31
267, 476
393, 735
409, 112
993
1831-'32
204, 149
507, 334
521, 892
129
1832-'33
250
274, 511
544, 078
652
566, 989
2,070
1833-21
302, 582
774, 623
781, 333
264
1834-35
785, 390
624, 593
635, 658
1835-'36
371, 269
1, 100, 084
1, 116, 479
441
1, 611
1836-'37
385, 385
713, 237
735, 071
891
1837-'38
-
298, 745
785, 762
790, 213
1, 466
1838-'39
$280
219, 426
674, 421
680, 485
5,848
4,825
1839-'40
1,750
·
261, 933
597, 976
609, 077
294
948
1840-'41
1,300
640, 321
492, 639
514, 149
579
1841-'42
3, 601
310, 271
962, 716
987, 803
579
1842-'43
1, 835
42, 152
620, 140
636, 743
5, 017
1843-'44
327
257, 347
256, 688
289, 295
917
1844-'45
564
80, 300
615, 149
624, 320
5,048
15
1845-'46
2,575
149, 209
548, 160
570, 449
1846-'47
2, 608
1, 224
89, 669
702, 425
913, 907
671
1847-'48
1, 330
6, 214
56, 268
448, 832
540, 761
3,307
1848-'49
15, 911
596, 611
$26, 499
715, 254
4, 434
3, 178
1849-'50
377, 274
14, 105
14, 095
485, 550
4,777
1850-'51
1,794
36, 628
367, 771
570, 707
7,564
4, 215
10, 649
1851-'52
14, 475
361, 072
3,850
470, 858
1, 685
22, 081
424
1852-'53
661
85,946
385, 273
547, 314
14, 062
2,737
28, 437
1853-'54.
140, 725
175
142, 497
44, 029
406, 539
634, 520
266, 973
26, 912
1, 265, 860
1,642, 904
*Bourbon and Mauritius were reported together until 1845–246.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
119
Years.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch
East In-
dies.
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.

Holland and Dutch colonies.
Dutch colonies.
Honduras, Cam-
peachy, &c.

Dutch
West In-
Dutch
Total
dies.
Guiana.
Dutch
Total
Holland
and
Dutch

colonies. colonies.
1820-'21
$69, 409
1821-'22
$4,870
$702
$31,468
90, 057
3,998
$32, 168
1822-'23
675
30, 674
$37, 038
$15, 023
-
82, 434
3, 314
31, 349
35, 348
1823-'24
3, 340
22, 533
6, 817
78, 521
1824-25
2,202
25, 873
139
22, 503
29, 187
15, 708
49, 486
22, 642
1825-'26
3,770
24, 844
150
15, 671
3,308
66, 747
7,762
15, 821
19, 591
1826-'27
23, 309
2, 194
56, 855
7,934
23, 309
1827-'28
1, 811
31, 071
35, 700
56, 028
5, 569
37, 511
45, 445
1828-'29
363
13. 814
564
35, 033
14, 813
14, 177
19, 746
1829-'30
24, 233
1, 139
38, 146
1830-'31
8, 585
24, 233
39, 046
375
13, 897
477
41, 801
1,969
14, 272
22, 857
1831-'32
154
19, 285
3, 633
55, 186
2, 943
19, 439
21, 408
1832-'33
361
9, 994
3, 097
63, 567
3,784
10, 355
1839-'34
582
13, 116
13, 298
429
53, 220
6,393
$1,043
14, 741
18, 525
1834-'35
609
16, 215
1,585
542
79,400
17,462
17, 366
23, 759
1835-'36
5, 120
21, 462
2,465
1,171
61, 119
9, 462
27, 753
45, 215
1836-'37
270
21, 841
5,537
58,258
1,279
10, 715
23, 390
32, 852
1837-'38
23, 205
5, 381
29, 201
570
5, 967
23, 775
1838-'39
324
34, 490
16, 936
8, 127
58, 182
640
16, 057
17, 900
23, 867
1839-'40
22, 847
4, 206
43, 638
3, 368
15, 049
26, 215
1340-'41
160
42, 270
16, 002
8, 854
56, 818
5, 192
10, 171
21, 354
1841-'42
3,262
36, 403
18, 279
4, 787
695
39, 278
1842-'43
25, 840
22, 236
11, 866
32, 407
8, 432
24, 338
2, 903
6, 356
14, 769
28, 609
1843-'44
9,762
6, 088
111
41, 566
1844-'45
11, 338
9, 873
16, 229
307
17, 536
5, 519
38, 019
1,883
12,906
19, 726
1845-'46
143
19, 610
31,064
11, 142
39, 238
14, 800
5,476
25, 229
1846-'47
651
11, 035
38, 135
6, 121
59, 194
4, 724
17, 140
16, 410
1847-'48
68, 180
11, 332
31, 210
15, 289
2, 403
1848-'49
21, 655
13, 735
521
30, 875
15, 595
13, 240
18,274
2, 985
19, 101
1849-'50
37, 260
492
8, 856
40, 756
12, 768
36, 343
1850-'51
38, 661
8, 593
17,941
277
55, 201
13, 856
7, 204
247
66, 645
53, 049
14, 480
53, 141
1851-'52
89, 620
12, 695
9, 314
1,908
57, 463
14, 603
67, 652
1852-'53
11, 611
6, 752
70, 798
499
1853-'54
35,885
12, 110
8, 350
69,573
10, 523
220
98,130
24, 899
9, 070
76
12, 117
44, 955
15,922
365
12, 558
37, 457
8,483
120 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.-Continued.
Portugal and Portuguese colonies.
Portuguese colonies.
Years.
Italy.* Mexico.
Morocco, New
&c. Grenada,
Peru.

Portugal.
Cape
de Verde and other
Fayal Ma-
Island.
Azores.
deira.
1820-'21..
$906
1821-'22..
1, 191
$29, 355
$2, 017
$11, 919
1822-'23..
3, 568
50, 692
$18, 799
1, 149
17, 147
11, 145
1823-'24..
425
5,348
1824-25.:
$280
2, 084
12, 601
1, 161
$6, 519
28, 888
13, 088
240
3, 517
9, 034
1825-'26..
5,797
$51
14, 942
5, 158
17, 797
7, 289
7,741
1826-'27.. 3, 984
170
16, 558
4, 487
59, 667
125
3,490
3, 676
1827-28..
4, 737
8, 454
1, 172
20, 408
28, 102
3,498
4, 284
1828-'29..
1,639
257
13, 679
5,749
22, 084
6, 642
11, 579
1829-'30..
3, 836
40
4,858
15, 336
12, 179
5, 959
4, 730
14, 449
1830-'31.. 15, 567
14, 078
15, 875
5, 166
1,547
1831-'32.. 15, 128
25
6, 687
36, 135
10, 777
2,875
2, 460
1832-'33..
21, 360
620
10, 838
19, 261
8, 185
5, 953
3, 353
8, 573
1833-'34..
949
13, 117
14, 154
4, 279
4,829
21, 076
1834-'35.. 8, 196
21, 842
39, 688
4, 579
3, 981
26, 124
1835-'36..
3, 289
16, 032
47, 887
7,776
5, 984
27, 707
1836-'37..
33, 396
19, 890
4,723
3, 393
19, 278
1837-'38..
1,099
3, 608
65, 471
4, 508
1,732
48, 793
1838-'39..
7, 503
2, 569
36, 686
5, 437
1839-'40..
4,852
$1, 191
1,690
28, 002
4,838
45, 311
9, 570
4, 223
1840-'41..
400
42, 840
845
12, 166
36, 5.5
4, 023
4, 234
1841-'42..
128
14, 049
6, 317
6, 508
68, 028
3, 601
1842-'43..
751
6, 643
30,552
981
4,323
31, 538
7,862
8, 566
1843-'44..
958
11, 423
4, 564
5,778
24, 647
4, 127
4, 103
1844-'45..
196
10, 515
6, 534
7, 521
56, 152
2, 051
7,386
1845-'46..
380
18, 791
7,910
10, 647
10, 322
73, 553
8, 688
1, 144
22, 156
1846-'47..
6, 299
1,897
61, 942
2,761
1847-'48..
500
2,590
33, 199
95
2, 171
11, 658
37,587
862
3,580
1848-'49.. 8, 120
88
26, 663
6, 155
9, 260
81, 298
11, 862
1849-'50.. 6, 117
4,766
3, 330
8, 416
2,266
30, 359
77, 421
2, 114
1850-'51.. 4, 236
12, 818
9, 867
9, 062
20, 294
9, 378
74, 459
3, 511
10, 581
1851-'52.. 3, 815
1852-'53.. 5, 176
32, 421
30, 232
528
59, 685
12, 276
2, 159
40, 152
11, 395
34, 319
3, 549
8, 697
106, 571
7,962
7,904
1853-'54..
43, 393
23, 147
7,979
16, 150
9,737
118, 821
62, 239
3,377
11, 341
42, 548
15, 473
64, 345
3, 369
6, 450
2,203
*Before the year 1832-'33 this column included "Italy and Malta"; Sicily is reported in a separate
column, under its proper name; Tuscany, Sardinia, &c., are included in this column.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
121
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.
Portugal and Portu-
guese colonies.
Spain and Spanish colonies.


Years.
Portu-
guese col- Portugal
Total
Russia.
Spain.
Sicily.*
Spanish
colonies.

onies.
and
colonies.
Mediter-
ranean
ports.
Atlantic
ports.
Total.
Manila
and
Philippine
Islands.
1820-'21
1821-'22
$32,735
29, 441
$62, 090
$4, 052
80, 133
$38, 545
$42, 597
1822-'23
-
27,773
14, 907
23, 121
16, 708
31, 615
1823-'24
27, 493
3, 233
56, 381
35, 678
38, 911
1824-'25
5, 445
31, 583
49, 380
40, 485
1825-'26
$929
45, 930
14, 819
27, 574
87,241
13, 298
28, 117
$110
1826-'27
21, 461
5, 443
49, 563
42, 863
48, 286
1837-'28
30, 400
9, 504
52, 484
14, 962
24, 466
1828-'29
25, 138
24, 057
17, 498
40, 474
41, 555
1829-'30
13, 400
21, 498
29, 275
48, 525
70, 023
1830-'31
7,274
16, 173
26, 950
9, 158
16, 432
1831-'32
$1,821
17,879
15, 247
26, 064
29, 371
44, 618
1832-'33
30, 184
2,950
33, 844
44, 338
54, 292
88, 136
507
1833-'34
34, 684
1,600
42, 826
74, 372
87, 614
130, 440
1834-'35
4, 060
41, 467
50, 462
89, 354
85,999
136, 461
1835-'36
9,594
27, 394
36, 459
47, 284
129, 421
165, 580
1836-'37
18, 448
55, 033
57, 468
120, 504
81, 022
138, 490
1837-'38
14, 132
35, 129
15,723
71, 815
59, 814
75, 537
1838-'39
10, 463
56, 633
7,586
101, 944
61, 268
68, 854
1839-'40
134
10, 029
22,306
61, 475
58, 891
187, 597
249, 072
1840-'41
·
40, 796
16, 026
17, 245
108, 824
66, 880
84, 125
1841-'42
24, 844
27, 851
43, 377
59, 389
90, 227
133, 604
1842-'43
6, 973
18, 745
53, 894
43, 392
126, 236
180, 130
1843-'44
6, 085
188
-
28, 228
84, 380
21, 438
1844-'45
230
21, 438
12, 227
76
31, 988
8,028
105, 541
89, 574
97, 602
1845-'46
5, 350
4, 568
38, 550
29, 827
100, 492
68, 234
98, 061
1846-'47
6, 978
500
31, 105
50, 323
1847-'48
68, 692
74, 293
1,080
124, 616
21, 117
190
45, 551
73, 184
133, 849
88,874
162, 058
1848-'49
9, 166
32, 275
91, 710
110, 696
93, 814
185, 524
1849-'50
19, 474
44, 324
80, 108
118,783
101, 967
182, 075
1850-'51
16, 730
127
37,873
138, 753
97, 558
242, 668
381, 421
1851-'52
54
16, 573
39, 013
144, 567
145, 584
184, 965
329, 532
1852-'53
28,932
30, 191
83, 445
149, 012
109, 825
193, 270
1853-'54.
21, 531
12, 022
45, 660
76, 367
94, 610
140, 270
11, 822
113, 546
103, 096
210, 642
* Reported with Italy before 1830-'31.
122 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
}
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.

Spain and Spanish colonies.
Sweden and colonies.
Years.
Spanish colonies.
Total
Teneriffe
and
other
Canaries.
Cuba.
Other
Spanish
West
Indies.
Total
Spanish
colonies.*
Spanish
colonies.
Spain and and
Sweden
Norway.
Swedish
West
Indies.
Total
Sweden
and
colonies.
1820-'21
$20, 203
1821-'22
$253, 090
$22, 337
13, 509
$286, 611
$329, 208
1822-'23
270, 524
23, 195
343, 988
$44,559
11, 478
1823-'24
236, 808
375, 603
$44,559
40, 049
288, 335
28, 984
10, 802
327, 246
28, 984
241, 984
1824-'25
29, 897
20, 045
305, 891
18, 262
341, 821
20, 045
1825-'26
264, 525
27, 002
18, 295
309, 899
18, 295
13, 870
338, 016
1826-'27
283, 641
24, 555
$570
19, 215
322, 066
19, 785
16,748
370, 352
1827-'28
286, 054
33, 821
336, 623
6, 506
16, 377
361, 089
6, 506
315, 970
1828-'29
24, 234
356, 581
38, 585
38, 585
12, 747
398, 136
316, 080
1829-'30
28, 707
357, 534
112, 377
112, 377
8, 593
427, 557
378, 490
1830-'31
33, 006
420, 089
95, 590
95, 590
12, 859
436, 521
389, 423
1831-'32
34, 775
64, 129
437, 057
8,808
481, 675
64, 129
289, 636
1832-'33
29, 031
11, 934
327, 982
17, 580
416, 118
11, 934
355, 954
1833-'34
53, 610
427, 144
5,702
13, 501
557, 584
5,702
336, 043
1834-'35
63, 470
5, 851
413, 014
5, 851
15, 503
1835-'36
419, 989
549, 475
79, 167
3, 003
514, 659
15, 951
463, 005
680, 239
3, 003
1836-'37
89, 585
1, 340
568, 541
1, 340
22, 043
707, 031
1837-'38
509, 467
80, 868
4, 916
612, 378
4, 916
26, 352
687, 915
521, 885
1838-'39
76, 961
3, 064
625, 198
3, 064
694, 052
11, 364
436, 195
1839-'40
80, 251
527, 810
1, 433
8, 695
776, 882
1, 433
399, 857
1840-'41
126, 876
1,820
535, 428
1, 820
7,271
619, 553
570, 166
799
1841-'42
104, 370
681, 807
799
9, 858
815, 411
426, 992
1842-'43
115, 315
584
552, 353
584
2,968
236, 243
732, 484
1843-'44
42, 471
281, 758
1, 344
8,008
303, 196
1, 344
307, 451
1844-'45
72, 926
2,385
392, 953
3, 351
490, 555
2, 385
402, 188
1845-'46
83, 091
1, 120
489, 130
1, 120
587, 191
8, 317
368, 051
859
1846-'47
80, 137
456, 695
850
581, 311
10, 333
403, 046
1847-'48
95, 643
2,227
509, 022
2,227
6,288
671, 080
459, 603
1848-'49
92, 637
1,430
558, 528
1, 430
12, 040
744, 052
295, 642
1549-'50
42, 753
2, 001
350, 562
2, 001
14, 729
532, 637
311, 414
77
1850-'51
84, 319
1, 148
410, 462
1, 225
9, 679
791, 883
410, 498
588
1851-'52
1852-'53
1853-'54.
133, 361
588
553, 538
-
11, 515
883, 070
410, 492
84, 216
506, 223
4, 274
699, 493
187
418, 043
5, 242
77,718
510, 035
6,100 1, 988, 883
650, 305
158
126, 736 2, 121, 719
1,729
2, 338, 361
226
60
5, 429
1,887
286
*Includes under the head of "Spanish-American colonies" $10,981 in 1820-'21, $36,761 in 1821-'22,
and $23,208 in 1823–24.
EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 123
Uruguay: $25,726 in 1852-'53, and $68,420 in 1853-'54.
Years.
Texas (Republic of).
Turkey, Levant, &c.
Value of Staves and Heading, Shingles, Boards, Plank, and Scantlings, and of Hewn Tim-
ber exported, &c.—Continued.

Country stated indefinitely.


Venezuela.
Africa.
Asia.
Europe.
Northwest coast
North America.
1820-'21
1821-'22
$2,395
$55
$802
$106 $35, 171
987
660
388
1822-'23
458
13, 071
1, 613
24
1823-'24
490
19, 344
2, 449
246
1824-'25
171
30, 223
3, 811
220
1825-'26
$18, 256
289
$12
40, 600
3,668
1826-'27
$245
392 | 12, 311
75
23, 237
18
6, 811
245
484
1827-'28
8, 659
27,762
5, 194
44
216
1828-'29
1, 477
6, 656
4,822
232
1829-'30
6, 224
20, 430
17,924
70
4, 055
30
796
1830-'31.
172
175
180
8, 871
1,404
1831-'32
480
200
23, 617
6, 028
350
1832-'33
1, 689
1, 520
5,009
1833-'34
1,800
1, 013
3,816
1834-'35
1835-'36
1,979
308
315
1, 884
-
125
3, 559
1,050
-
1836-'37
$16, 347
1837-'38
33, 488
1838-'39
48, 504
$164
4,395
7,472
4, 634
18,585
2,088
191
24, 962
67,889
68, 858
462 | 113, 800
982
702
67, 386
1,200
1,875
252
1839-'40
·
36, 659
3, 347
18, 620
5,290
104, 874
120,
120, 656
1840-'41
102
1, 212
1,274
2,056 | 135, 653
1,257
74
7,404
143
6, 216
80, 907
8,940
1841-'42
1, 511
6, 145
5,784
2, 487
30
4,920 |
10, 223
37, 567
196
1842-'43
10, 426
244
3,742
2,231
41, 927
6, 239
1843-'44
365
854
1, 649
105
3,418
42, 379
20, 107
581
1844-'45
12, 199
4, 004
4, 246
66
4, 657
42, 026
9, 350
28
1845-'46
14, 130
6, 854
1, 916
707
50, 820
6, 776 | 14, 065
155
1846-'47
3, 814
9, 220
3,443 | 15, 459
46, 261
30
1847-'48
3, 051
6,989
3, 453
32, 748
34, 213
100
1848-'49
3, 095
224
3,274
1, 844 | 16, 075
47, 711
84
1849-'50
8, 369
1, 645
9, 773
38, 099
5,054
12, 953
546
1850-'51
249
5, 286
9,408
14, 514
1851-'52
24,
24, 111
26, 695
4, 099
13, 247
870
7,624
29, 051
66, 489
1852-'53
16, 498
37, 037
27,408
37, 117
1853-'54
2, 348
6, 255 56, 690
29, 972
50, 069
3, 007 | 49, 948
49,595
South America.
Sonth seas.
West Indies.
124 EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Europe.
Atlantic
Years.
Mediter-
ranean
Conti-
nontal
Africa.
Atlantic ports on
Asia,
Austra
Islands
ports.
ports.
Baltic
Total.
lia, &c.
(Spanish
and
Portu.
West
Indies.
and North
guese).
Seas.
1820-'21
$6, 419
1821-'22
$178, 748
19, 364
$5,156 | $190, 323
1822-'23
225, 442
$2,395
$3,598
$52,938
4, 512
249, 318
$776, 586
987
•
13, 486
1823-'24
139, 324
3, 043
3, 427
42, 950
31, 969
156, 237
748, 561
1, 613
4,836
242, 219
39, 251
1824-'25
2,795
277, 083
900, 797
41, 480
2,729
187, 481
1,309
1825-'26
8, 232
38, 345
44, 987
237, 193
1,093, 722
5, 153
298, 295
2, 510
1826-'27
7,875
49, 815
351, 402
30, 057
1827-'28
200, 998
4, 130
1,065, 551
1, 103
7, 934
239, 234
37, 284
6, 936
41, 444 | 1, 260, 248
426, 349
1, 811
38, 209
1828-'29
7,271
471, 120
1,054, 499
.
52, 671
5, 194
1829-'30
202, 358
5, 725
46, 777
15, 919
270, 948
1, 105, 054
•
76, 916
4,822
4, 436
124, 587
1830-'31
9, 578
37, 885 |
211, 081
1, 030, 792
81, 236
5, 512
1, 104
117, 984
21, 993
1831-'32
2, 098
191, 318
914, 011
75, 770
1, 644
1832-'33
201, 285
2,885
29, 032
5, 034
940, 187
113, 770
282, 089
6, 028
315, 498
4,305
26, 687
1833-'34
3, 784
923, 851
433, 052
127, 962
5,059
290, 078
11, 110
1834-'35
9, 045
427, 085
47, 764 | 1, 123, 053
92, 969
3, 816
1835-'36
384, 327
20, 895
19, 846
48, 185
497, 142
136, 742
10, 474
250, 900
6, 012
1836-'37
10, 589
398, 231
47, 864
20, 193
6, 437
266, 222
1837-'38
12, 181
43, 345
726, 267
1, 034, 062
56, 970 | 1, 172, 719
1, 212, 109
12, 616
-
22, 952
3, 423
218, 208
1838-'39
12,759
253, 919
77, 076 | 1,391, 459
24, 181
91, 908
382, 230
13, 482
1839-'40
18, 107
61, 481
1, 347, 187
492, 245
•
48, 088
38, 320
206, 266
13, 632
1840-'41
17, 469
67, 997
271, 823
1, 270, 496
98, 212
8,832
332, 664
5, 987
31, 001
1841-'42
15, 501
1, 105, 082
446, 377
15, 758
125, 357
16, 483
345, 803
1842-'43
33, 036
48, 067
504, 196
40, 095
13, 209
1, 233, 672
131, 227
19,655
37, 709
1843-'44
8, 516
1, 142, 003
179, 838
66, 431
9, 826
257, 520
10, 848
18, 745
1844-'45
18, 720
712, 028
343, 036
51, 696
25, 043
268, 724
17, 134
1845-'46
21, 444
36, 236 |
341, 864
1,069, 621
79, 656
17, 106
37, 174
338, 443
1846-'47
24, 746
35, 339
1, 298, 807
442, 845
20, 616
122, 523
262, 113
33, 813
1847-'48
24, 055
46, 867
408, 691
1, 303, 701
27, 446
150, 728
15, 440
410, 230
1848-'49
30, 056
41, 444
1,098, 837
597, 014
185, 339
35, 843
21, 504
464, 287
43, 265
51, 839
1849-'50 ..
692, 891
1, 309, 448
285, 779
26, 122
15, 246
761, 072
44, 315
1850-'51
59, 360 1, 106, 211
893, 545
333, 175
31, 616
558, 240
8, 374
59, 053
1851-'52
85, 781 977, 196
37,870
301, 473
24, 211
774, 801
57, 552
1852-'53
96, 1001, 172, 374
844, 473
1,041, 502
194, 548
40, 868
18, 508
621, 569
1859-'54
207, 894 1,024, 007
50, 258
1, 192, 379
•
256, 861
32, 313
619, 951
11, 883
297, 929 1, 174, 741
34, 465
1, 004, 408
72, 367
31, 590
18, 122
3, 166, 736
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER: BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING. 125
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions-Continued.
South America.
Years.
Atlantic
ports.
Pacific
ports.
Total.
Mexico and Other North
Central
America.
American Uncertain.
ports.
1820-'21
$6, 018
1821-'22
$6,018
$15, 023
7,666
$309, 305
$489
1822-'23
7,666
6, 817
3,564
102, 720
3, 422
1823-'24
3, 564
15,708
5, 245
37, 349
1824-'25
$51
8,793
5, 296
3, 308
28, 459
73, 981
1825-'26
240
8,308
28, 699
8,713
30, 601
59, 883
1826-'27
1, 192
5,576
31, 793
5, 156
33, 818
134, 249
2,921
1827-'28
4,828
38, 646
5, 051
120, 979
41, 732
1828-'29
4, 519
2, 235
40, 251
9, 593
29, 949
90, 013
175
1829-'30
2, 131
32,080
6, 226
28, 163
162, 345
1830-'31
1,624
2,338
29,787
8, 491
43, 771
359, 234
191
1831-'32
3, 686
47, 457
17, 175
32, 032
267, 956
1, 884
1832-'33
1,826
33,858
36, 564
49, 777
205, 838
462
1833-'34
1,516
51, 293
20, 846
52,638
275, 524
772
1834-$35
3, 341
55,979
15, 582
77, 956
302, 890
1835-'36
1,802
1,200
79, 758
27, 379
74, 207
786, 440
252
1836-'37
2, 105
76, 312
21, 413
53, 443
372, 249
1837-'38
5, 494
2, 956
58, 937
57, 870
56, 360
385, 385
74
1838-'39
6, 618
64, 853
41, 302
105, 516
298, 745
1839-'40
10, 416
2,487
117, 206
67, 439
59, 922
219, 426
1840-'41
2, 805
3,742
71, 501
99, 884
46, 284
261, 933
105
1841-'42
8, 744
114, 412
28, 002
137, 084
641, 569
1842-'43
7, 495
4, 246
155, 005
1843-'44
33, 179
18, 741
311, 546
1, 916
3,734
37, 767
1844-'45
68, 708
10,086
46, 291
7,535
88,442
9, 220
18, 569
·
95, 469
259, 586
6,989
1845-'46
21, 423
123, 746
17, 646
103, 976
80, 300
1846-'47
17, 266
3, 274
125, 056
39, 741
47, 214
1847-'48
8,754
149, 209
9, 773
59, 014
15, 137
188, 366
89, 669
1848-49
30, 530
14, 514
221, 991
24, 426
160, 874
57, 728
1849-'50
21, 689
182, 932
13, 247
16, 464
257, 804
42, 862
1850-'51
52, 937
37, 698
320, 149
·
161, 117
17, 730
28, 260
1851-'52
1852-'53
1853-'54
12, 894
30, 147
178, 110
16, 130
237, 945
34, 427
34, 512
288, 955
22, 799
185, 401
18, 325
62, 083
49, 948
249, 832
-
222, 400
24, 619
102, 422
109, 834
335, 241
18, 225
186, 526
II. EXPORTATION OF LUMBER: BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING,
ETC.
1. General summary of exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, by years, from 1795-'96
to 1878-79.
(a) By quantities (M feet) and years, from 1795-'96 to 1839-'40.
(b) By quantities and values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1878-79
2. Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling by foreign countries, from 1820-'21 to
1878-79.
(a) By quantities (M feet), annually, from 1820-21 to 1853–54.
(b) By quantities (M feet) and values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1866-'67, with
general summaries.
(c) Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, and Scantling by
foreign countries, and by quantities (M feet) and values, annually, from
1867-68 to 1878-79, with general summaries.
3. Exportation of "Boards, Plank, and Scantling," and of "Boards, Clapboards, Deals,
Planks, Joists, and Scantling," by Districts and by quantities and values, from
1855-56 to 1878-79.
(a) Boards, Plank, and Scantling, by quantities and values, annually, from
1855-56 to 1864-'65.
(b) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling; by quantities and
values, annually, from 1866-'67 to 1878-79.
4. Exportation of "Lumber not otherwise specified," from 1801-'02 to 1878–79.
(a) "Lumber not otherwise specified," by values, annually, from 1801-'02 to
1862-'63.
(b) "Other Lumber," by foreign countries; values, annually, from 1821–’22 to
1853-'54.
(c) "Other Lumber," by foreign countries; values, annually, from 1854-55 to
1860-'61.
(d) "Other Lumber," by foreign countries [condensed headings]; values, annually,
from 1861-'62 to 1863-'64
(e) "Other Lumber," by foreign countries; values, annually, from 1864-'65 to
1878-79, with general summary.
(f) "Other Lumber," by districts; values, annually, from 1855-56 to 1878–79,
with general summary.
126
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
1. GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING, ETC.,
BY YEARS, FROM 1795-'96 To 1878-79.
(a) By quantities (M feet) and years.-1795-'96 to 1839-'40.

Years.
M feet.
Years.
M feet.
Years.
M feet.
Years.
M feet.
1795-'96
53, 871
1810-'11
85, 340
1825-'26.
1796-'97
43, 221
76, 345
1840-'41
1811-'12
56, 565
93, 049
1826-'27
1797-'98
52, 404
82,000
1841-'42
1812-'13
1798-'99
20, 699
162, 639
1827-'28
56, 647
86, 981
1842-'43
1813-'14
11, 646
49, 754
1828-'29
1799-1800..
68, 825
75, 257
1843-'44
1814-'15
51,337
92, 179
1829-'30
1800-'01
71, 630
67, 300
1844-'45
1815-'16
63, 162
1830-'31
96, 673
1801-'02
65, 045
80, 878
1845-'46
1816-'17
-
86, 576
100, 119
1831-'32
1802-'03
79, 225
67,820
1846-'47
1817-'18
91, 788
1832-'33
1803-'04
76,000
76, 755
1847-'48
1818-'19
92, 850
1833-'34
1804-'05
69, 996
94, 939
1848-'49
1819-'20
90, 481
100, 590
67,346
89, 420
1834-'35
1805-'06
89, 948
153, 671
1849-'50
1820-'21
76, 244
74, 743
1835-'36
1806-'07
79, 424
76, 950
1850-'51
1821-'22
68, 490
100, 604
1836-'37
1807-'08
25, 845
88, 721
1851-'52
1822-'23
64, 620
100, 695
1837-'38
1808-'09
64, 725
87,217
1852-'53
1823-'24
77, 292
78, 599
1838-'39
1809-'10
63, 042
84, 630
1853-'54
1824-'25
78, 661
197, 154
1839-'40
83, 075
(b) By quantities and values annually, 1854-255 to 1878-79.


Years.
M feet.
Total
value.
Average
value per
M feet.
Years.
M feet.
Total
value.
Average
value per
M feet.
1854-'55
144, 718
$2, 549, 065
17.61
1867-'68.
1855-'56
126, 330
1, 987, 302
131, 873
$2, 806, 239
21.27
15.73
1868-'69
1856-'57
309, 165
134, 371
2,817, 906
4, 170, 686
20.97
13.49
1869-'70
1857-'58
140, 863
217, 861
2,920, 429
3, 428, 530
20.73
15.78
1870-'71
1858-59
197, 099
154, 830
3, 317, 298
2, 764, 329
17.85
16.83
1871-'72
1859-'60
170, 922
170, 872
3, 466, 431
20.28
2, 777, 919
16. 25
1872-'73
1860-'61
236, 557
132, 922
4, 625, 863
19.56
2,092, 849
15.74
1873-'74
1861-'62
228, 481
129, 243
2, 015, 982
4, 242, 389
18.57
15.59
1874-'75
1862-'63
213, 974
135, 901
3, 693, 903
17.26
2, 605, 381
19. 17
1875-'76.
1863-'64
252, 407
•
132, 298
3,862, 793
15.30
3,064, 264
23.16
1876-'77
1864-'65
321, 520
158, 774
5, 434, 922
16.90
4,340, 664
27.34
1877-'78..
1865-'66
313, 143
120, 013
4, 531, 741
11. 28
2, 882, 572
24.02
1878-'79...
275, 102
131, 666
3, 103, 669
3,972, 608
14. 44
23.57
1866-'67
[From 1867-'68 to 1872-'73, reported as "boards, clapboards, deals, plank, joists, and scantling."]
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
127
2.—EXPORTATION of boards, PLANK, AND SCANTLING, BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
(a.) By quantities (M feet) from 1820-21 to 1853-54.


Years.
Argen-
tine Re-
public
and
Buenos
Belgium. Brazil.
Central
Republic
of South
America.
Chili. China.
Cispla
tine Re-Colombia.
public.
Ayres.
1820-'21
490
1821-'22
622
1822-'23
217
48
1823-'24.
466
1824-'25
926
256
210
5
547
1825-'26
836
452
404
1
271
1826-'27
112
944
675
318
390
1827-'28
648
1, 517
402
355
278
1828-'29
613
1, 431
222
95
252
1829-'30
1, 017
864
363
97
135
1830-'31
1, 169
1, 063
276
184
14
186
1831-'32
1, 053
683
415
72
25
215
1832-'33
1, 062
150
1,725
271
99
158
1833-'34..
974
1,649
51
47
20
136
1834-35.
1, 406
2, 376
250
60
220
1835-'36
1, 381
2
2, 120
203
109
307
1836-'37
1, 814
840
167
271
220
137
1837-'38
·
747
2, 002
75
360
3
233
148
1838-'39
1,888
2, 190
116
423
430
69
1839-'40
1, 211
1, 129
209
156
455
1840-'41
3,057
22
1,678
23
455
371
1841-'42
2, 193
1
2,721
83
435
126
1842-'43
2,789
239
1, 123
23
203
1843-'44
403
922
1, 645
12
441
181
1844-'45
2,812
1,713
1, 903
41
518
570
399
1845-'46
1, 729
16
2, 393
66
774
420
809
1846-'47
628
844
68
397
273
135
1847-'48
2, 160
1
4, 921
51
1,097
240
1848-'49
5, 817
2, 674
6
2, 571
164
1,081
76
1849-'50
763
9, 997
461
3,795
80
1850-'51
2,076
92
1, 164
4, 482
219
2, 214
387
99
220
1851-'52
225
7,517
237
964
1, 114
1852-'53
1, 392
165
1,048
4, 273
2, 569
355
1853-'54
2, 029
50
4,526
2, 901
199
2,879
91
Austria: Trieste, &c., $60 in 1822-'23, and $8 in 1850-'51.
128
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
2.-Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.-Continued.

France and French Colonies.
Denmark and
Danish West
Indies.
France.
French Colonies.
Years.

Danish Mediter-
Den-
mark.
West
Indies.
ranean
ports.
Atlantic
ports.
Total
France.
French
African
ports.
French
West
Indies.
Miquelon
French
Guiana.
and
French
Fisheries.
1820-'21.
3, 647
1821-'22.
11, 555
3, 387
71
156
227
1822-23.
2, 367
13, 961
5
5
1823-'24.
8, 869
3, 119
501
851
1824-'25.
1,352
9, 654
12
39
51
1825-'26.
57
13, 353
4,285
1826-'27.
4, 219
1827-'28.
5, 772
626
5
109
114
37
14, 910
151
153
20, 594
69
75
1828-'29
4, 797
26, 048
·
118
118
1829-'30..
23, 260
3,336
1
88
89
119
1830-'31
16, 745
3, 827
75
75
1831-'32.
6, 826
12, 312
1
111
112
1832-'33.
2, 461
9, 933
181
181
1833-34.
9, 335
5, 169
565
565
1834-'35.
10, 505
10
4,096
29
415
444
1835-'36...
88, 627
3, 482
10
297
307
1836-'37.
9, 594
5, 302
502
502
1837-'38.
10, 891
4, 146
255
255
1838-'39.
10, 294
3,894
330
330
1839-'40.
9, 773
60
2,779
25
25
1840-'41.
3, 127
13, 713
50
24
74
1841-'42.
3, 486
8, 997
24
1, 015
237
237
1842-'43.
14, 188
30
44
1843-'44
1841-'45.
1845-'46.
1846-'47...
1847-'48.
1848-'49.
1849-'50.
1850-'51.
1851-'52.
1852-'53..
1853-'54.
HE BREG; Gaõn
1, 324
214
214
104
10
1, 533
10, 167
62
30
2
121
123
18, 494
48
2, 383
46
39
22
61
344
2, 442
16, 496
59
132
132
16. 115
296
1, 313
87
87
237
8,388
97
1,767
66
144
210
51
6, 765
49
122
17
1,090
192
81
273
3, 138
105
28
270
83
174
257
3, 440
63
1,058
266
454
720
2,834
3,997
44
20
271
189
460
7,722
132
1,207
153
342
495
3, 407
129
239
1,037
317
274
591
5,028
59
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
129
2.—Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.—Continued.
France and French
colonies.
Great Britain and British colonies.
Germany
(Hanse

Years.
Total
Great Britain.
French
Colonies.¹
France
and
French
Colonies.
towns,
Prussia,
&c.).
British
Colonies.
Total
England. Scotland. Ireland.
Great Gibraltar.
Britain.
1820-'21
11, 555
11, 555
45
245
284
1821-'22
13, 961
14, 188
477
477
146
1822-'23
8,869
8,874
16
16
316
1823-'24
9, 654
11, 006
86
3
1
90
88
1824-25
13, 410
13, 461
183
2
4
189
136
1825-'26
14, 947
15, 061
221
22
2
245
654
1826-'27
20, 594
20, 747
77
1
7
85
1, 137
1827-'28
26, 048
26, 123
2
193
1
194
129
1828-'29
23, 260
23, 378
39
4
43
131
1829-'30
·
16, 864
16, 953
65
65
77
1830-31
12, 312
12, 387
216
216
92
1831-'32
9, 933
10, 045
19
40
40
273
1832-'33
9, 335
9, 516
157
6
163
71
1833-'34
10, 515
11, 080
5
242
1834-'35
88, 627
89, 071
1835-'36
9, 594
9, 901
1836-'37
10, 891
11, 393
747
7
85
22
244
70
87
74
4
37
37
151
25
95
120
193
1837-'38
10, 294
10, 549
38
3
41
134
1838-'39
9, 833
10, 163
181
146
2
148
218
1839-'40
13, 713
13, 738
5
76
2
78
28
1840-'41
10, 036
10, 110
17
60
60
96
1841-'42
14, 262
14, 499
54
5
3
8
53
1842-'43
10, 363
10, 577
12
1, 098
1,098
50
1843-'44
18, 588
18, 711
38
398
92
379
869
70
1844-'45
16, 899
16, 960
18
534
214
210
958
116
1845-'46
16, 411
16, 543
128
47
39
86
282
1846-'47
8, 645
8, 732
46
86
2
34
122
324
1847-'48
6, 987
7, 197
172
273
19
36
328
318
1848-'49
3, 287
3, 560
2 6
238
;
115
9
362
157
1849-'50
3,594
3, 851
383
575
20
136
731
191
1850-'51
4, 061
4, 781
613
313
4
317
25
1851-'52
7,854
8, 314
958
223
223
245
1852-'53
1
3,770
4, 265
461
527
11
538
218
1853-54
5,087
5, 678
756
15
147
918
378
¹ Bourbon reported $20 in 1846-47; $10 in 1848-'49; and $91 in 1849-'50. Reported with Mauritius
many years.
9 FOR
130 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
2.-Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
British Colonies.
Cape of
Mauri-
1
Good tius and
Hope. Bourbon 1
Mauri-
tius.¹
British
East
Indies.2
Austra-
lia.2
British
West
Indies.
British
British
Guiana.3
American
Colonies.
1820-'21
1821-222
60
3, 600
94
3, 512
1822-23
25
12, 663
1823-'24
99
17,448
1824-25
123
20,756
1825-'26
5
19
66
18, 011
13, 846
825
1, 106
4,476
1, 740
500
1826-27
123
6, 907
1,338
1827-'28
384
917
1, 898
1828-29
16
216
1829-'30
53
1830-31 ...
72
3, 639
434
816
986
1831-'32
173
9,090
1, 347
1832-33
4
15
214
11, 969
3,600
1833-'34
461
6, 180
1, 054
1834-35
80
70
7,886
78
3, 319
1835-'36
---
169
435
8,715
137
1836-'37
180
76
12, 638
712
1837-'38
46
596
14
11, 626
15
2,356
504
2,266
1838-39
364
326
282
11, 758
754
1839-40
57
81
20
10,426
201
2, 747
1840-'41
70
340
137
9, 530
357
4,893
1841-'42
664
98
7,898
23
4, 439
1842-'43
77
293
18
7,087
7
1,842
1843-'44
120
324
32
20, 057
528
3, 445
1844-'45
61
1,048
30
24, 014
136
4, 968
1845-'46
33
94
682
49
26, 970
993
4, 514
1846-'47
53
28
330
41
32, 148
4
3, 456
1847-'48
02
763
24.467
1,077
1, 796
1848-'49
157
229
546
13, 583
10
222
1849-'50
179
254
10,725
147
353
1850-'51
33
102
494
9, 250
567
515
1851-'52
266
103
752
11, 724
1, 506
132
1852-'53
1853-'54
•
43
538
175
423
5, 368
4,775
483
1, 131
-
1, 152
8, 924
107, 482
399
ད
1, 645
¹ Malta, $5 in 1848-49; $15 in 1851-'52; $40 in 1852-'53; and $10 in 1853-'54. Reported with Italy many
years.
2 British African ports, $81 in 1824-25; $10 in 1830-'31; and $100 in 1836-’37.
3 Falkland Islands, $24 in 1851-'52.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
131
t
2.—Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain and British
Colonies.
British Colonies.
Holland and
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
Dutch Col-
onies.

Years.
1820-'21.
1821-'22.
229
17,795
17,840
5, 094
177
60
2, 583
2,820
55
4,806
5, 283
7,083
1822-'23
31
2,534
2, 565
14
14, 165
14, 181
1823-24.
6, 003
20
1,548
192
1,568
22, 125
22, 213
1824-'25
6, 585
11
2,003
2, 014
4
23, 028
1825-'26..
23, 217
3,485
5
15
1, 168
1, 188
19, 859
19, 104
1826-27...
4, 457
13
1,558
1,571
9, 505
1827-'28...
9, 590
4, 461
53
2, 209
3, 328
2,262
1828-'29...
3, 552
4, 909
5
35
859
899
797
840
1829-'30...
2, 614
8
1, 545
1,553
946
1,011
1830-'31...
3,275
24
32
979
4,800
5, 016
3, 418
10
1831-'32.
1, 256
10, 883
1, 035
1,266
10, 923
1832-'33.
3,786
5
23
G11
639
15, 873
16, 036
1833-'34.
4, 607
20
26
923
65
7,765
1, 034
1834-'35
8, 009
3, 934
57
1,067
46
11, 507
1,170
11, 594
1835-36....
4, 256
9
1, 249
18
1,276
11, 963
12,000
1836-'37..
3,973
18
1, 064
72
1, 154
14, 403
14, 523
1837-'38.
3, 395
1, 352
39
1, 391
14, 697
14, 738
1838-'39.
1, 930
13, 702
13. 850
1839-'40.
4,023
13, 560
1840-'41.
13, 638
2, 711
15, 423
15, 4S3
1841-'42
3, 680
13, 175
13, 183
2, 136
482 3∞
26
999
52
1, 081
1,593
157
1, 808
13
935
425
1,375
ප
G
1, 124
7
1, 140
1842-'43.
8
792
159
959
9, 374
10, 472
1843-'44.
1,832
650
7
657
34, 577
35,446
1844-'45.
2, 941
16
398
51
465
29, 373
30, 331
1845-'46.
2, 665
10
13
699
27
33, 617
949
1846-'47.
33, 703
2,319
15
50
760
31
856
36, 381
1847-'48..
36, 506
3, 683
852 87
939
28, 483
28, 811
1848-49.
4,383
1
31
972
1, 004
86
15, 913
1,092
1849-50...
16, 275
1,396
105
37
693
728
1,563
989
12, 838
1850-'51.
13, 569
2,416
53
18
1, 001
591
1,072
11, 579
11, 894
1851-'52.
4, 038
221
923
47
451
15, 218
1, 191
15, 441
1, 305
2,208
1852-'53.
1853-'54.
¹ The first five years includes "other British Colonies."
5, 105
179
756
32
967
13, 961
14, 499
4,079
497
579
14
122, 736
1,090
123, 654
4, 659
28
4
679
10
721
132
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
2.—Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.—Continued.

Years.
Italy.
Portugal and
Portuguese
Possessions.
1820-'21.
1821-'22.
1, 191
527
12
12
6
161
22
119
1822-'23.
1, 203
165
1823-'24.
1824-'25.
1825-26..
1826-'27.
142
84
353
176
3
3
75
258
13
66
242
1827-'28..
110
20
20
1828-'29.
47
5
enི
610
330
1829-'30.
212
318
•
1830-'31.
177
1, 160
1831-'32..
6
2
2
2, 251
NN NONEW
618
6
264
72
298
624
1
534
3
435
2
25
257
20
87
423
1832-'33.
102
1, 264
359
1833-'34.
151
857
360
1834-'35
437
1, 404
11
376
1835-'36.
221
5
5
1, 060
384
1836-'37.
177
1, 427
326
1837-'38.
241
262
15
377
1838-'39.
326
8
8
147
69
615
1839-'40.
250
338
26
237
286
1840-'41.
482
9
9
939
7
158
212
1841-'42.
296
414
31
131
484
1842-'43.
331
2
2
361
31
307
1843-'44.
747
35
35
376
3
20
161
1844-'45...
312
16
16
505
12
710
2
631
1845-'46.
811
6
6
511
1
238
1846-'47.
728
6
6
90
51
40
54
1847-'48.
1, 053
711
1
695
683
1848-'49.
384
1123
4
127
604
332
110
21
128
1849-'50...
604
9
9
426
672
378
154
1850-'51.
351
88
331
419
704
1,667
20
25
144
1851-'52.
563
27
275
302
725
2, 306
100
348
1852-'53.
771
17 258
275
535
1,896
919
126
1853-'54.
319
121
2
123
458
2,288
1,959
160
NOTE.-Morocco, &c., $28 in 1823-'24; $24 in 1824; and $11 in 1826-'27.
Tuscany.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING. 133
2.-Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.—Continued.
Portugal and Portu-
guese Possessions.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Years.

Medi-
Atlan-
ter-
Total
tic
ranean
ports. ports.
Spain.
Teneriffe
and
other Ca-
naries.
Manilla
and Phi-
Cuba.
lippine
Islands.
1820-'21
198
568
933
2
2
335
23, 311
1821-'22
564
482
1, 187
310
24, 512
1822-'23.
496
257
918
117
21, 396
1823-'24
692
403
1, 532
122
23, 939
1824-25.
121
739
392
10
24, 725
1825-'26
70
262
602
2
2
159
22, 879
1826-27...
404
397
1,099
21
75
96
318
28, 312
1827-'28..
1, 081
317
2, 022
35
35
13
28, 828
1828-'29
299
96
930
1
1
166
30, 255
1829-'30.
152
38
628
46
46
181
31, 210
1830-'31.
92
8
382
198
29, 700
1831-'32.
206
116
832
98
11
109
38
43
25, 786
1832-'33..
331
8
698
4
9
13
49
30, 658
1833-'34.
260
153
773
18
18
6
29, 305
1834-'35.
379
433
1, 119
149
27
176
122
28, 553
1835-'36.
209
201
794
42
42
237
32, 949
1836-'37.
100
387
813
3
3
83
36, 492
1837-'38.
89
337
818
55
55
117
42, 079
1838-'39..
194
552
1,361
19
19
38
293
39, 977
1839-'40
230
158
911
2
26
28
47
31, 440
1840-'41.
385
297
1,052
36
36
109
41, 701
1841-'42
408
253
1,276
33
33
68
27, 397
1842-'43.
245
327
879
15
15
96
17, 616
1843-'44.
507
604
1,292
123
151
25, 640
1844-'45.
49
330
1, 012
5
30
26, 446
1845-'46.
114
617
970
27
27
83
200
26, 941
1846-47..
298
274
666
10
141
151
81
27, 223
1847-'48.
222
929
1, 834
1, 286
1,286
277
33, 058
1848-'49.
832
520
1, 501
708
708
146
10
24, 962
1849-'50.
787
245
1, 211
874
609
1,483
390
24, 611
1850-'51
731
199
1,074
2,953
542
3, 495
94
54, 491
1851-'52.
441
466
1, 255
1, 840
642
2, 482
264
31, 156
1852-'53
616
828
1,570
881
78
959
551
28,700
1853-'54.
285
24
469
491
578
1,069
237
133, 033
"Europe" indefinitely stated $25 in 1842-43; Russia, $57 in 1824-25; $2 in 1838-39; $4 in 1843-'44;
and $101 in 1846-'47; Uruguay, $1,204 in 1852-'53, and $3,662 in 1853–'54.
134
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
Years.
Years.
Total
Other
Spanish
West
Indies.
Total
Spanish
Spain and
Spanish
Colonies.
Colonies.
2.-Exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, &c.-Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Swedish West In-
dies.¹
Texas, Republic of.
Turkey and the Le-
vant.
Country stated
indefinitely.

Venezuela.
Asia.
Africa gener-
ally.
1820-21.
2, 298
26, 265
26, 267
1821-'22
3, 175
2, 034
5
30, 358
215
1822-'23.
30, 358
2, 111
3, 669
66
26, 229
92
1823-'24
26, 229
1, 763
2,869
125
28, 506
28, 506
1824-'25.
1, 460
2, 900
28, 027
213
28, 027
1825-'26.
1, 648
2, 355
21
25, 393
265
1826-27.
25, 395
302
3, 183
269
31, 813
1827-'28..
31, 909
2, 193
2, 011
522
30, 852
1828-29...
30, 887
6, 446
2, 539
3
368
32, 960
32, 961
1829-'30.
3, 520
19
2, 844
317
34, 235
34, 281
1830-231.
2, 764
3
2, 945
292
32, 843
32, 843
839
1831-'32
10
2, 197
80
28, 064
1832-'33..
28, 179
489
3, 582
5
410
34, 289
34, 302
356
1833-'34
20
4, 252
5
264
33, 563
1834-'35.
33, 581
211
4,877
9
306
33, 552
33, 728
1835-'36.
10
5, 693
263
38, 879
38, 921
92
1836-37.
5,770
42, 345
312
1837-'38.
42, 348
106
4, 204
3,756
198
45, 947
46,002
43
1838-'39.
1,930
4
4, 617
675
44, 887
44, 925
39
1839-'40.
2, 904
180
8, 646
6
859
40, 133
40, 161
4
1840-'41.
2, 651
114
6, 175
13
253
47, 985
48, 021
30
1841-'42
1, 045
2
223
86, 531
112
383
113, 996
1842-'43
114, 029
68
527
250
11
1,732
547
19, 444
19, 489
150
1843-'44
13
111
4, 916
342
30, 830
1844-'45..
30, 830
68
231
263
3,980
30, 461
30, 461
40
1845-'46.
532
236
4, 422
31, 646
31, 673
109
1846-'47.
1,368
58
399
5, 582
32,886
33, 037
4
1847-'48.
237
4, 502
37, 837
39, 123
159
1848-'49
160
1, 337
26, 455
27, 163
114
1849-'50..
100
2, 651
27, 653
29, 136
42
1850-'51.
378
29
4, 207
ONON
2027-8
1, 249
816
670
855
1, 518
869
711
58,792
62, 287
1851-'52
243
3, 319
1, 218
34, 739
37, 221
265
1852-'53.
33
417
3,084
32, 335
1, 202
34, 294
1853-'54.
1,000
326
1
2, 320
135, 590
1,374
136, 659
7
397
Northwest Coast.
South America
generally.
'South Seas."
1, 481
Spanish American Colonies, $321 in 1820-221: $3,502 in 1821-222; $1,047 in 1822-'23; and $1,576 in 1823–’24.
¹All Swedish West Indies, excepting $14 in 1848-'49, and $7 in 1853-'54.
Countries stated indefinitely.
West Indies.
Years.
1820-'21
1821-'22
23
63
27
1822-'23
-
35
1823-'24.
23
1824-'25
1, 830
26
1825-'26
30
1,003
22308+
2, 422
897
1, 029
1837-38.
1838-'39.
71
120
1839-'40
82
19 1, 210
1840-'41
381
1 867
1841-'42
731
245
220095
1, 245
851
863
1, 013
1, 329
4
968
1842-'43
48
1, 119
1826-'27
40
712
1, 417
1843-'44
914
203
1, 069
1827-'28.
50
726
73
1,231
1844-'45
487
77
900
1828-'29
603
735 1845-'46
300
472
526
1829-'30 ..
43
10
8
661 1840-'47
220
297
485
1830-'31
22
716
1847-48
165
242
695
1831-'32
93
103
735 1848-'49
630
532
168
1832-'33
50
11
2,577
1849-'50
663
591
44
1833-'34
13
9
•
1, 835
1850-'51
289
600
161
1834-'35
1835-'36
1836-'37
45
73
·
1, 900
1851-'52
1,005
9, 102
140
61
-
28
789
1852-'53
41
1, 340
161
41
847
1853-'54 ..
184
1,594
324
South America
generally.
"South Seas."
West Indies.
EXPORTATION OF
OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
135
Yoars.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Continental ports
ΠΟ
Baltic and
North Seas.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.


Europe.
South America.
Total.
Africa.
Asia, Australasia, &c.
Atlantic Islands (Span-
ish and Portuguese).
Atlantic ports.
Pacific ports.
Total.
West Indies.
Mexico, Central Amer-
ica, &c.
Other North American
ports.
Uncertain.
1820-'21
1821-22
12
337
177
526
215 127 1, 262
490
-
71
801
872
92
193, 1, 475
02
1822-'23
60
337
397
125
128 1,035
217
1823-'24
-
501 1, 113
1, 614
241
129 1,570
466
490 57, 685
622 60, 031
217 59, 307
466 68, 287
1, 191 14, 138
527 907, 3, 504
1, 203 1,120 1,082
142 4, 690 1,595
323
18.4-25
15
264
5
284
427
250 1,131 1, 729
1825-'26....
1826-27 ..
1827-28
1828-'29
7
914
13
934
311
151
755, 1, 559
23 1,448
53 1,524
533
384 1, 417, 1, 44
8
14 2,636 69, 825
390 3,548 73, 494
3,567 69, 902
461 1,744
26
662 530
4
983
1,378
61
392
7
460
368
·
327 2,035 2,44
363 3, 532
77, 017
1, 122
1, 948
73
5
204
8
307
317
88 1,095 2, 206
972, 996
69, 265
599
434
1829-'30
1
279
24
304
411
115
806 2,016
97 2, 123
61, 814
893!
659
8
1830-'31...
408
408
90
197
556 2,418
186 2, 604
58, 652
1, 613
1,008
1831-'32....
111
522
24
657 410
370
783, 1, 961
92 2, 053
59, 453
2, 672
1, 440
103
1832-'33 ...
4
424
170
598
268
527
747 3,010
99 3, 109
66, 468
1, 637
3, 650
11
1833-'34
20
897
5
922
306
165
779 2, 820
47 2,867 62, 458
1, 059
1,067
9
1834-'35
178
614
16
208
343
508 1,310 4, 098
60 4, 158 141, 444
2, 091
3, 364
73
1835-'36
67
485
6
558
481
122 1,031 4, 017
109 4, 126
66, 351
1, 484
2,417
28
1836-'37
818
7
825
478
651
896 3,762
271 4, 033
77, 393
1, 771
4, 708
41
1837-'38...
55 445
4
504
721
336
920 3, 201
360 3, 561
76, 113
578
4, 196
25
1838-'39...
27
715
189
931 1,223
1839-'40...
2
394
7
403
253
563
553 1, 654 5, 043
721' 3,561
423 5, 537
76, 525
589 3, 658
120
1840-'41
59
374
42 475
453
1841-'42
35
429
63 527
547
·
1842-'43
17 1.362
14 1,397
356
520
974 1.003 5, 724
693 1,211 8, 196
995 1,983
156 3, 799
455 6, 560 75, 377
435 9,362,143, 825)
203 2, 234 41, 677
71, 517
797
5,398
3
1, 444
6, 953)
94
793
5, 010
245
720 1,885
1843-'44...
37 1,080
48 1, 165
1,369
1, 514′ 1, 395
5, 173
441
6, 532
75, 116
1, 135
3,723
203
1844-'45.
55 1, 098
1845-'46
6
528
1846-'47
74
714
1847-'48
1848-'49
1849-'50 ..
1850-'51...
1851-'52
1852-'53
1853-'54.
1, 349, 1. 176
941 2,148
1, 221
164 698 703
46 834 1,145
71 2,076
I
209 2, 356 1, 631
319 1,329 364 2,012 1, 026
966 1,705 820 3,491 890
3,646 1,363 1,079 6, 088 1,251 1, 674
2, 461 1, 299 1, 378 5, 138 1, 468 15, 161
968 3,493 1, 417 11, 653
38 3,127 2,019, 1, 689.
35 1, 188,
1,093 1, 015
5, 584
1, 228
7, 299
77, 823
858
5, 500
77
1,416 1, 052
1,363
1,066
6, 650
774
7, 724
80, 604
1, 388
5, 882
472
707 2,083
397 2,700
79, 678
886
3,456
297
2, 111'11, 121, 792 13, 085
76, 768
1, 815
1,918
242
1, 135
1, 626 10, 416
1, 191 12, 237
46, 481
1, 156
1, 254
532
1, 229
1, 576 16, 216
3, 454 20, 3331
45, 1991, 110
1, 342
591
1, 168 9,489
1, 519 13, 922
119 9, 897
1, 492 16, 419
78, 125
1, 442
1, 126,
600
63, 021
2, 402
583 9, 126
2, 121 9, 684
806 10, 570
2, 948|12, 673|
4, 83315, 587 254, 569
46, 992]
1, 661
2, 670 1, 341
976
3, 853
1, 594
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-'55 to 1856–67.
Argentine Repub-
lic.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central American
States.
Years.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Valuc.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55...
1855-'56
6, 434
8, 902
$123, 539
16
154, 532
114
$400
3, 412
9, 308
$163, 838
884
$13, 530
5, 185
75, 256
1856-'57
481
12,976
185, 074
10
173
1857-'58
5,743
87,040
274
11, 292
8, 824
4,885
179, 649
9
212
1858-'59
5, 673
81, 065
161
15, 157
8,050
256, 689
17, 485
1859-'60
317, 326
304
8, 191
4, 035
148, 565
24
1, 513
9,716
1860-61
144, 899
271
15, 167
2, 925
270, 980
1861-'62
4, 706
75, 092
326
15,961
5, 450
247, 940
4,935
1862-'03
71, 709
181
22, 154
449, 510
4, 655
255
16,968
1863-'64
1,774
34, 977
322
(4)
9, 346
(¹)
119
6, 681
2,675
81, 808
1864-'65
1865-'66
1806-'07
146
-
15, 538
7, 410
502, 302
873
62, 572
3, 202
102, 299
89
·
1
8, 740
288, 511
3, 898
100
10, 850
1, 096
36, 704
31
11, 907
312, 123
1, 448
50
1, 537
4,307
112, 047
Austria, 3 M ($80) in 1860-'61; Bolivia, 136 M ($2,594) in 1858-'59; Nicaragua, 154 M ($3,712) in 1866-'67.
¹Argentine Republic and Uruguay, 14,330 M ($322,677) in 1863-'64.
136
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-'55 to 1866-'67-Continued.
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
Chili.
China.

Years.
Denmark.
Danish West Indies.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
3, 532
$79, 566
313
1855-'56
$6, 498
3, 615
72, 696
835
2,221
1856-'57
15, 232
$36, 154
3
9, 796
207, 119
$60
1, 833
75
1857-'58
2,495
25, 761
5
8, 383
77
184, 641
7, 368
1, 972
1858-'59
32, 465
142, 263
22
122
4, 194
106, 242
2, 097
1, 743
29, 677
1859-'60
40, 538
3, 853
79, 706
2,263
1,282
1860-'61
22, 978
31, 188
9
153
2, 030
48, 844
1, 214
1,857
27, 635
1861-'62
25, 524
3
48
3, 260
72, 974
(1)
2, 118
1862-'63
(2)
28, 533
2, 451
66, 011
(¹)
1863-'64
(1)
4, 517
124, 650
(4)
1864-'65
(1)
>
8,023
215, 768
3, 199
1865-'66
53, 991
1, 200
29, 761
1,398
1866-'67
18, 984
3, 153
55, 047
1, 949
35, 318
1, 844
50, 006
1, 833
39, 519
1,301
26, 036
Denmark and Dan-
ish Colonies.
France and French Colonies.
Ecuador.
Years.
Total.
France (Atlantic
ports).
France (Mediter-
ranean ports).
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
2,221
$36, 154
39
1855-'56
$780
1,836
25, 821
1856-'57
1, 545
2, 369
$29, 972
34, 371
7,373
142, 340
1,588
1, 087
$27, 265
3
13, 140
105
1857-'58
1,785
2, 119
29, 712
29, 799
1, 240
120
1858-'59
5, 000
14, 970
1, 739
2, 263
29, 394
412
31, 188
211
7, 415
4, 500
1859-'60
59
1, 866
1,689
27, 788
205
1860-'61
4, 190
626
2, 121
10, 191
41
28, 581
1861-'62
783
1, 334
10, 599
431
17, 016
1,558
11, 303
1862-'63
1,363
20, 695
1863-'64
1, 186
22, 106
(2)
1864-'65
(2)
1, 841
50,006
118
1865-'66
1,400
1, 833
124
36, 519
1, 547
131
1866-'67
1, 301
26, 036
25, 822
100
2, 800
328
6, 133
169
2,382
Years.
France and French Colonies.
France (total).
French Possessions French West In-
in Africa.
dies.
French Guiana.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
3, 133
3,456
$57, 237
47, 511
8, 218
$123, 910
618
$10, 856
1856-'57
6, 495
3, 025
87,383
203
44, 682
4, 115
1857-'58
16, 521
2, 151
36, 809
217, 604
326
188
1858-59
59
1,689
455
$3,295
7,706
5, 561
10, 894
146, 979
7
96
6, 093
1659-'60
82, 319
71
667
11, 749
698
297
4, 268
1860-'61
5, 256
73, 475
1, 114
11, 902
211
1861-'62
3, 971
4, 479
62, 076
665
21, 046
393
53
62
1, 153
1, 186
1862-'63
25
1, 179
1863-'64
884
19, 914
1864-'65
242
2,947
541
17,727
2, 164
1865-'66
57, 005
81
131
25,822
2, 498
735
1866-'67
497
8, 565
596
17, 365
16, 331
875
1,684
27, 133
44, 818
241
7,776
43
1, 474
¹ China and Japan, 3,223 M ($84,478) in 1861-'62; 4,438 M ($116,383) in 1862-'63; and 6,088 M ($134,595)
in 1863-'64.
2 See Peru.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS,
OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
137
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1866-'67-Continued.

France and French Colonies.
Years.
French Possessions
in North America.
Total France and
French Colonies.¹
Bremen.
Germany.
Hamburg.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
236
$4,767
12, 205
$196, 770
786
$13, 442
21
1855-'56
$412
126
1, 178
10, 280
140, 187
536
14, 194
17
835
1856-'57
107
1, 076
19, 979
269, 623
687
10, 640
742
1857-58
13, 933
281
2, 806
13, 521
189, 985
968
20, 599
157
1858-'59
6, 083
1, 147
4, 932
7,825
97, 344
505
5, 301
392
1859-'60
5, 606
185
1, 890
6, 458
92, 535
580
7,703
92
885
1860-'61
199
2, 332
6, 065
81, 467
936
16, 844
1861-'02
2, 947
50, 534
1862-63
2, 074
34, 268
1863-'64
2,210
48, 680
1864-'65
466
8,805
3, 494
36, 982
294
1865-'66
216
5,076
2, 200
83, 172
237
17, 183
76
1866-'67
120
3,006
16, 688
6, 000
2,940
74, 194
17
500
6
300
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
Total Germany.2
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
860
$14,789
1, 262
1855-'56..
$28, 812
245
553
14, 029
$2,402
1, 736
34, 740
181
1856-'57
$8, 132
161
1, 429
4,803
24, 573
4,821
74. 766
120
1857-'58
1, 809
1, 125
2, 665
33, 101
26, 682
1, 754
27, 882
70
1, 150
1858-'59
1, 143
897
10, 967
16, 866
5, 584
89, 417
16
253
1859-'60
1, 414
672
8, 588
21, 436
12, 312
161, 015
1860-'61
2, 063
33, 627
936
16, 844
14, 063
152, 507
1861-'62
1, 417
11, 010
3, 306
31, 671
1862-'03
-
125
5, 524
1863-'64
697
11, 728
1864-'65
294
16, 688
11, 690
346, 101
49
1865-'66
7,607
313
23, 183
3, 809
96, 394
5, 971
119, 889
1866-'67
869
23
800
5,999
17, 452
132, 123
2
32
350
6, 000
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
Total British Isles.
Gibraltar.
Malta.
British West Indies.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value. M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56..
1,557
$31, 214
515
$10, 770
20
2,078
47, 675
$472
990
1856-'57
12, 988
7,606
109, 676
$15, 944
10, 416
$227, 410
36
141, 293
1857-'58
616
5
2, 967
108
45, 898
22, 668
61
1858-'59
1,742
300, 544
7, 014
111, 106
15, 051
101
213, 163
1859-'60
1, 304
40
14, 375
490
194, 682
13, 875
273
193, 165
1860-'61
4, 165
150
18,779
195, 188
1, 500
12, 390
198
1861-'62
5, 871
170, 959
49
875
14, 925
137, 236
11, 018
158, 886
1862-'63
21, 166
194, 768
1863-'64
10,908
211, 711
1864-'65
15, 548
450, 102
284
1865-'66
9, 386
103
6, 840
137, 341
1, 100
5, 471
330
139, 862
1866-'67
7,578
6, 351
138, 155
6, 767
203, 083
13, 934
352, 119
Includes the following, reported as "French West Indies and Colonies," viz: 2,282 M ($29, 485) in
1861-'62; 2,049 M ($33,089) in 1862-'63; and 1,326 ($28,766) in 1863-'64.
2 Includes 3 M ($935) reported in 1854-'55 as "Other German ports."
138
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854–55 to 1866–67—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
British Guiana.
British Honduras.
Canada.
Other British Pos-
sessions in North
America.


M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Valuc.
1854-'55
1, 199
1855-'56
$18, 036
1,230
$23, 200
2, 953
1,068
14, 681
$24, 887
1,461
1856-'57
872
16, 035
$29,792
6, 164
4, 059
1857-'58
53, 273
63, 235
1, 254
945
16, 625
22, 396
85, 645
668
9, 754
864, 103
2,790
732
44, 023
1858-'59
14, 953
27, 478
1, 488
20, 471
331, 067
2.147
595
26, 385
1859-'60
10, 798
1, 014
682
10, 621
13, 562
5, 118
757
1860-'61
12, 605
105, 066
991
196
1861-'62
3,090
16, 370
1, 448
172
3, 688
31, 321
1, 326
38, 470
547
8, 937
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1, 536
38, 284
455
1865-'66
15, 044
3,744
365
10, 559
64, 079
502
1,307
1866-'67
14, 150
23, 435
3, 613
171
4, 165
49, 023
263
1,052
7, 563
22, 966
1, 243
47, 845
1, 129
20, 521
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
British Possessions
in Africa.
Total Great Britain
British East Indies.
Australia.
and British Colo-
nies.1


M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
414
$9,616
1, 004
15, 647
1,750
936
$36, 622
12, 640
$335, 597
1856-57 ...
17, 237
8, 111
1, 549
199, 969
31, 947
39, 633
32,893
1, 848
1857-'58
33, 690
8, 293
389
7,450
214, 892
1, 972
135, 444 |
1858-'59
38, 411
24, 396
565, 884
1, 305
31, 150
1, 884
75, 932
1859-'60
36, 278
17,925
1, 992
469, 435
39, 951
50, 359
2,370
$707, 824
528, 760
1, 649, 774
1, 228, 322
887, 759
1860-'61
42, 605
16, 056
376, 511
1, 011
51, 489
25, 755
869, 969
1, 964
1861-'62
35, 206
6, 374
154, 268
41, 634
621, 303
1862-'63
44 814
669, 331
1863-'64
48, 178
811, 485
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1,911
1, 015
1, 026
49, 053
41, 299
932,306
2, 105
71, 679
14, 169
379, 048
23, 612
1,765
46, 633 | 1, 241, 072
35, 889
9, 315
227, 601
34, 106
31, 564
223
6, 098
731, 802
7,884
200, 186
32, 224
810, 758
Ionian Republic, in 1857-'58, 71 M ($1,270), included in totals with Great Britain and British Colonies.
¹Includes the following, reported more generally than as indicated in this table:
1861-'62.
1862-'63.
1863-'04.
17
"Canada and British North American
Possessions
"British East Indies and Australia
""
*
"British West Indies and Possessions
in Central and South America"
'British Possessions in Africa and the
7,481
13, 072
$69, 708
6,037
$71, 996
5, 017
318, 619
14, 421
400, 137
16, 955
$72, 977
444, 008
7, 790
113, 277
5,000
111, 964
6,700
153, 838
Mediterranean
"}
1, 546
30, 491
1, 494
32, 620
1,719
49, 772
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
139
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1866-67-Continued.
Holland and Dutch Colonics.

Hayti.
Years.
Holland.
Dutch West Indies.
Dutch Guiana.


M feet.
M feet.
Value.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
3, 237
$60, 647
658
$16, 029
724
1855-'56
$12, 059
765
3, 486
58,069
887
18, 578
854
25, 195
474
1856-'57
3, 978
$11, 562
7,308
64, 721
613
9, 815
2,939
39, 302
1857-'58
2, 167
30, 159
4, 431
64, 133
490
7,703
1, 048
15, 833
1858-'59
1, 521
2, 997
23, 704
52, 308
582
7,338
1, 369
20, 596
240
1859-'60
2, 743
3, 130
52, 619
223
3,000
415
6, 839
762
1860-'01
-
2, 863
10, 906
51,776
970
15, 782
378
1801-'62
(¹)
5, 330
(¹)
1862-'63
(4)
(1)
1863-'64
(2)
(1)
1864-'65
7, 651
247, 721
141
1865-'66
6, 308
166, 431
200
4,560
20, 236
609
14, 221
1, 540
40, 507
546
11, 791
656
1866-'67
14, 209
4,835
108, 133
1, 204
24, 886
646
17, 761
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Italy.
Years.
Dutch East Indies.
Total Holland and
Dutch Colonies.
Sardinia.
Two Sicilies.



M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
2, 147
85
$1,966
2,300
$39, 6.50
53, 047
280
2
$5,765
46
1856-'57
35,719
79, 276
270
5, 100
243
1857-'58
3, 088
15
638
3, 074
47, 878
31
518
359
1858-'59
5,896
105
2, 555
2,296
33, 232
1859-'60
1, 227
14, 446
12
251
1, 412
20,996
903
1860-'61
19, 436
39
525
1,387
21, 637
486
1861-'62
8, 574
1862-'63
1,006
955
13, 792
17, 125
1863-'64
1,426
14, 383
1864-'65
45
1, 516
2, 335
1865-'66
99
2,409
1, 501
1866-'07
250
8, 236
2,100
7,804
28.645
50,883
2434
280
211, 486
21, 364
Total Italy.
Japan.
Mexico.
New Grenada.

Years.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
280
2
$5, 765
1, 440
$22, 588
1,310
46
1, 332
1856-'57
16, 549
2, 096
513
1857-'58
1, 118
1858-'59
1,227
8, 188
17,942
14, 446
2, 617
38, 669
1, 658
2,013
29, 781
1, 106
$23, 239
39, 577
32, 139
22,870
1859-'60
1,879
35, 096
1, 155
903
10, 436
1, 932
1860-'61
35, 755
798
486
8, 574
80
$1,971
919
16, 134
1861-'62
1, 136
387
6, 297
1862-'63
56
1,660
(3)
(3)
(3)
1, 255
22, 200
(4)
22, 579
17,328
23, 101
(4)
3, 917
1863-'64
101, 157
(^)
88
2, 226
(4)
(3)
7, 116
1864-'65
215, 111
(4)
11
(4)
225
26
1, 693
1865-'66
6, 480
229, 135
506
1866-'07
406
14, 206
10,724
1, 046
43, 984
2, 591
62, 952
075
18, 098
125
3, 443
2, 625
60, 702
51,424
543, 330
Austrian Italy, 728 M ($11,528) in 1857-'58; Tuscany, 215 M ($3.675) in 1854-'55; Liberia, 270 M ($9,438)
in 1864-'65; 80 M ($1,600) in 1865-'66; and 30 M ($778) in 1866-'67.
1 See note to San Domingo.
2 Sicily.
3 See note to China.
4 See note to Venezuela.
5 United States of Colombia.
140
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-'55 to 1866-'67—Continued.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.

Peru.
Years.
Portugal.
Azores.
Cape de Verde
Islands.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1,387
$29, 849
135
1855-'56
$3,620
476
2, 428
$11, 147
217
45, 786
525
$4, 284
9, 655
898
1856-'57
12, 111
221
1, 876
38, 147
3, 944
331
1857-'58
4,806
1,216
16,761
73
1,020
22, 195
1, 192
185
1858-'59
1, 854
990
14, 822
187
2, 487
3, 114
52, 052
263
16, 766
1859-'60
2,223
30, 537
182
2, 451
3, 781
73, 070
305
1860-'61
16, 108
1, 352
20, 288
315
759
14, 498
3, 910
47
944
761
1861-'62
10, 826
52
4,872
555
100, 225
1862-'63
11, 463
141, 288
1863-'64
4, 086
84, 441
1864-'65
6, 659
135, 241
10
580
1865-'66
8, 042
128, 338
108
1866-'67
5,723
3, 899
85, 308
1
19
1, 165
1,009
897
32, 827
25, 700
21, 973
286
2588
24
623
51
1, 144
9, 415
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Years.
Madeira.
San Domingo.2
Sandwich Islands.
Total.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.

1854-'55
601
$11, 961
1855-'56
1, 432
$31, 012
1, 420
82
1, 663
$25, 035
1856-'57
1,726
27, 373
1, 027
437
6, 339
11, 230
1857-'58
2, 057
2, 253
1,760
$35, 450
30, 515
29, 098
2, 450
38
21, 011
800
1, 014
22, 541
1858-'59
1,400
20, 590
818
134
14, 186
2, 342
2,073
1859-'60
2, 802
39, 412
53, 426
294
281
5, 690
838
3, 915
1860-'61
2, 253
18, 478
44, 221
409
1,373
5, 102
23, 670
337
1861-'62
1, 269
8, 761
17, 427
1, 204
19, 612
189
2, 200
5,038
1862-'63
32, 319
1, 190
1863-'64
1, 379
10, 429
43, 936
857
1864-'65
1,240
19, 360
23, 694
475
2,866
13, 174
30, 692
1, 674
1865-'66
47, 204
421
307
11, 838
6, 563
4,070
48, 909
1866-'67
1, 475
38, 133
473
13, 673
6, 140
1, 284
90, 880
31, 407
445
11, 685
4, 643
59, 157
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Spain
(Atlantic ports).
Spain (Mediterra-
Canary Islands.
nean ports).
Total Spain.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
85
1, 411
$2,229
21, 505
/
1,860
1,253
$36, 134
1, 945
$38, 363
497
1856-'57
19, 139
$10, 522
2, 664
40, 644
·
1, 171
467
19, 547
2, 152
29, 472
1857-'58
3, 323
49, 019
1, 419
21, 363
2, 635
1,847
7, 109
36, 724
1858-'59
25, 316
3, 266
46, 679
708
832
11, 482
1,028
13, 094
15, 276
1859-'60
1, 736
26, 758
-
1860-'61
1,756
1,038
28, 242
2, 424
1, 631
37, 663
25, 259
26, 738
3,387
53, 501
812
938
1861-'62
15, 943
13, 263
1, 976
42, 681
515
8, 644
1862-'63
548
8, 229
·
1863-'64
291
5, 883
-
1864-'65
2, 423
46, 874
1865-'66
105
2, 409
230
1866-'67
446
1, 418
20,973
6, 194
083
41, 088
2, 445
34, 576
69, 579
1, 429
55, 549
1, 221
27, 142
3, 863
110, 667
375
9, 478
Russia, on Baltic and White Seas, 60 M ($2,150) in 1858-'59.
Russia, Asiatic, 12 M ($400) in 1858-'59.
Kussian-America, 6 M ($360) in 1857-'58; 20 M ($700) in 1866-'67.
1 Peru and Ecuador.
2 The returns for 1861-'62, 1862-'63, and 1863-'64, are for Hayti and San Domingo.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, and
141
AND SCANTLING.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-'55 to 1866-'67—Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Spanish West In-
dies.
Philipine Islands.

M feet.
M feet.
Value.
Value.
M feet.
M feet.
Value.
Value.
1854-'55...
30, 801
$550, 601
3, 886
$59, 955
1855-'56
31, 934
425,286
4,383
65, 404
1856-'57
68, 463
876, 142
4, 443
117, 504
1857-'58
64, 744
874, 734
6, 327
89, 530
18
1858-'59
$498
62, 863
873, 644
5,739
81, GU1
1859-'60
55, 063
783, 069
5, 274
76, 218
22
1860-'61
760
32, 971
491, 365
3, 619
53, 265
51
1861-'02
1,000
25, 059
1862-'63
$354, 330
25, 559
1863-'64
450, 532
1864-'65
32, 904
735, 337
31, 203
845, 033
6, 156
142, 323
1865-'66
63
503
31, 832
760, 523
3, 152
83,093
1866-67
31, 336
710, 626
4, 920
110, 916

Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Sweden and Nor-
way.
Turkey and Turkish Possessions.
Years.
Total Spain and col- Swedish West In- Turkey in Europe,
onies.
dies.¹
&c.
Turkey in Asia.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
43, 129 $665, 440
39, 448
40
538, 443
42
$35, 780
674
48
$694
78, 8041, 030, 389
38
630
3
$100
37
742
1857--'58
75, 187 1,024, 535
87
ང་
1, 440
9
156
1858-'59
72, 762
1, 018, 966
73
1, 166
92
1, 450
1859-'60
64, 558
926, 811
56
841
55
916
147
2,730
1860-'61
39, 132
596, 955
18
660
21
350
1861-'62
25, 607
362, 559
10
148
250
22, 000
1862-'63
25, 850
456, 415
10
180
1863-'04
35, 327
782, 211
1864-'65
43, 951
996, 462
78
2,776
1865-'66..
37, 634
926, 307
20
802
20
433
1866-'67
40, 494
841, 687
229
2930
133
1,923

Turkey and Turkish
Country uncertain.
Possessions.
Uruguay.
Venezuela,3
Total Turkey and
Years.
Turkish Posses-
sions.
Africa.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'50
48
$694
9, 152 $180, 550
4, 453
476
$9,900
1,220
74, 461
340
6, 698
1, 113
1856-'57
40
842
5, 822
101, 935
621
12, 408
1, 322
1857-'58
$24, 157
19, 888
22,472
9
156
3, 574
66,725
265
5, 719
1858-'59
1,362
61, 749
92
1, 450
5, 885
103, 232
490
1859-'60
9, 478
993
15, 505
202
3, 646
4, 017
76, 918
168
3, 320
1860-'61
2, 381
71
2, 350
36, 496
6, 684
110,205
217
4, 480
1861-'62
1, 185
22, 601
5
70
6, 948
107, 546
41, 440
431,749
1802-'63
146
2, 362
1, 679
32, 575
7,874
162, 596
42, 241
1863-'64
442, 558
735
14, 598
2
120
(5)
(5)
41, 798
459, 049
157
1864-'65
5,528
78
2,776
6, 028
152, 877
319
10, 453
1865-66
8
194
20
433
1806-'67
162
2, 853
3, 598
9, 823
66, 524
281
11, 475
50
2, 110
233, 438
160
6, 844
182
4,308
1 To Sweden and Norway, 5 M ($75) in 1854-55, and 1 M ($68) in 1858-59. The remainder in these
columns are to Swedish West Indies.
2 Egypt.
3 The returns for 1861-'62, 1862-'63, and 1863-'64 include New Grenada.
4 New Grenada and Venezuela, 1,440 M ($31,749) in 1861-'62; 2,241 M ($42,558) in 1862-'63; 1,798 M
($59 049) in 1863-64.
5 See note to Argentine Republic.
142
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-'55 to 1866-67-Continued.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
-
Years.
Country uncertain.
Asia and Pacific
islands.
Whale fisheries.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
46
$961
89
$1, 886
33
2, 107
21
468
7, 513
24, 528
12
333
172
4, 521
7
171
271
6, 806
23
267
481
11, 758
1, 061
8, 510
379
7, 144
1,211
25,785
152
3, 881
2, 141
26, 994
901
13, 917
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

General total.
Years.
Europe (Mediter- Europe (Atlantic
ranean).
ports).
Europe (northern
ports).

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
1854-'55
1855-56
144, 718 $2, 544, 065
3, 963
$73, 311
126, 330
1, 987, 302
1856-'57
2,390
33, 019
-
309, 165 |
3,787
7,373
$77, 805
1,589
$31, 293
4, 170, 686
126, 194
1857-'58
3,950
1,557
53, 580
37, 079
10, 929
217, 861
3, 428, 530
164, 357
1858-'59
3, 957
2,057
197, 099
52, 399
34, 638
6, 371
3, 317, 298
100, 251
1859-'60
2,387
1, 646
31, 652
34, 719
8, 145
170, 922 | 2,777, 919
142, 347
1860-'61
2,927
1, 540
42, 399
20, 523
17, 335
132, 332 | 2,072, 949
253, 388
928
1861-'62
1,878
39, 125
13, 254
129, 243
20, 845
2, 015, 982
219, 340
939
392
1802-'63
6, 367
16, 892
135, 901
17, 125
2, 605, 381
169, 555
202
1863-'04
4, 022
132, 298
22, 545
3,064, 264
238, 704
370
90
22, 492
1864-'65
2,346
158, 774
12, 148
4,340, 604
235, 405
816
316
18, 409
1865-'66
5, 649
120, 013
15, 960
2, 882, 572
461, 468
1866-'67
1, 509
1,308
49, 215
83, 820
7,855
131, 666
197, 437
3, 103, 669
613
3, 182
85, 538
54, 269
8, 098
185, 445
73
2, 337
Years.
Total Europe.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Africa.
Asia and Pacific
ports.
Atlantic islands
(Spanish and Por
tuguese).
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
5, 376 $109, 098
10, 930
163, 273
1856-'57
1, 634
2, 117
$33, 773
17, 002
12,986
35, 535
11, 727
198, 995
1857-'58
2,871
$435, 128
264, 919
1, 791
$37, 914
57, 449
1,668
24, 827
8, 017
11, 271
134, 970
274, 086
1858-'59
1, 939
72, 494
4,361
61, 016
9, 685
30, 446
162, 870
1859-'60
2,758
667, 308
2,047
54, 361
18, 263
22, 679
31, 830
266, 642
572, 205
1860-'61
4, 670
80, 715
4, 963
21, 784
20, 350
74, 323
236, 232
238, 672
1861-'62
2, 407
2,760
52, 417
41,376
17, 790
10, 312
190, 601
223, 532
1862-'63
3, 219
03, 066
1,767
-
29, 940
18, 626
25, 127
262, 375
412, 036
1863-'64
2, 229
47, 218
13, 848
20, 105
273, 728
543, 024
1864-'65
1,876
55, 300
17, 373
27, 120
1865-'66
517, 697
635, 080
2,730
76, 412
8, 468
23,829
251, 726
561, 220
1866-'67
1,880
1, 894
44, 687
52, 818
8, 171
18, 869
187, 782
402, 757
1, 834
55, 223
2,588
60, 549
15,974
326, 355
1,658
40, 866
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, SCANTLING,
ETC. 143
(b.) By Quantities and Values, annually, from 1854-55 to 1865–67—Continued.
General summary by coasts and grand divisions.
Years.
West Indies.
South America
(Atlantic ports).
South America
(Pacific ports).
Total South
America.


M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-56
·
73, 253 $1, 114, 039
28, 497
$529, 958
4, 958
60, 944
847, 603
$110, 195
33, 455
$640, 153
1856-'57
22, 247
369, 320
6, 043
118,482
130, 975
28, 290
1,809, 880
487, 802
1857-'58
31, 205
477, 430
11, 675
245, 371
42,880
107, 018
1,373, 379
1838-'59
22, 585
722, 801
365, 878
9, 523
95, 805
211, 836
32, 108
577, 714
1, 284, 452
1859-'60
41, 731
739, 467
7,028
85,576
165, 388
48, 759
1, 227, 231
904, 855
1860-'61
24, 2.55
402, 805
6, 509
156, 966
59, 635
30, 764
887, 285
559, 771
28, 228
1861-'62
488, 194
2, 789
63, 342
41, 616
31, 017
493, 700
1862-'63
29, 284
551, 53G
458, 944
8, 132
34, 218
173, 199
37, 416
607, 303
632, 143
34, 043
1863-64
689, 641
6, 537
150, 452
33, 144
915, 107
40, 580
840, 093
18, 803
1864-'65
466, 534
5,980
165, 938
57, 059 | 1,548, 517
24,783
632, 473
1865-'66
28, 350
852, 697
14,682
52, 462 1, 320, 257
351, 009
43, 032
1, 203, 706
1860-'67
14, 999
439, 687
9, 242
60, 305❘ 1, 407, 040
158, 099
24, 241
597, 786
28,835
713, 421
7,152
143, 155
35,987
856, 576

1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
Years.
General summary by Coasts and Grand
Divisions.
Mexico, Central Other countries in
America, &c.
North America.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
3, 554
$59, 318
4, 650
$59, 446
2, 685
41, 408
7, 544
86, 809
3, 836
60, 179
88, 512
909, 202
2,906
82,784
29,906
360, 258
1,778
49,929
7, 279
133, 560
2,960
51, 285
2, 629
49, 581
1,457
25, 272
2,072
49, 745
1, 439
26, 855
15, 819
191, 214
4, 239
111, 503
11, 388
189,843
7, 262
222, 521
14, 140
273, 689
7,024
248, 378
5, 517
90, 319
3, 124
78, 550
4,883
77, 065
3, 042
71, 977
2, 512
68, 442
(c.) Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Planks, and Scantling, by countries,
from 1867-68 to 1878-79.

Argentine Repub-
lic.
Belgium.
Central American
Brazil.
States.

Years.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
1807-'08.
13, 828 | $372, 694
674
1868-'69
18, 149
411, 879
218
1869-'70
$45, 720
10, 555
2,430
2, 395
$55, 398
53.)
$12, 070
57, 610
7,043
293
191, 795
38
7,954
798
1870-71
5, 454
2,737
128, 277
313
63, 827
63
5, 679
2,020
1871-'72
4, 020
5, 730
142, 102
382
1872-73
7, 660
7.826
12, 683
301, 190
352
1873-74
4,870
9, 112
9, 622
89, 586
177, 421
212, 262
937
17,974
1, 108
29, 177
219, 016
2, 144
1, 692
48, 430
1874-75
33, 167
9, 402
210, 076
7, 447
158, 012
2, 238
111
49, 040
1875-'76
2, 280
15, 097
5, 068
283, 787
88, 115
1, 523
1, 331
30, 935
1876-'77
17, 908
12, 162
4,733
212, 597
70, 300
2, 134
5, 425
38, 343
1877-78
83, 283
15, 440
5,965
238, 920
90, 993
1, 036
7, 148
17,702
1878-'79
108, 321
11, 603
11, 925
174, 507
177, 960
1, 971
4, 572
59, 836
33, 139
14, 911
224, 269
1, 594
27, 555
144 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(c.) Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
Chili.
China.

Years.
Denmark and Dan-
ish West Indies.
Danish West Indies.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
5, 223
$75, 333
1868-'69
4, 536
6, 098
108, 810
1869-70
3,774
10, 312
195, 331
1870-'71
3, 521
$68, 818
46,000
45, 769
42
$1,695
2, 340
1,755
$61, 961
34, 918
965
4, 171
67,396
18, 198
1871-'72
4,376
80, 136
7,637
136, 694
1872-'73
3, 614
1, 165
43, 523
22,457
12, 611
252, 824
331
1, 619
1873-74
11, 796
29, 549
10, 284
49, 940
1874-75
5, 456
1,595
63, 328
32, 890
7,859
127, 399
1875-76
143
3, 983
1, 145
22, 713
4, 917
82, 026
1876-77
18
1,355
1, 546
23, 968
38
9, 077
542
133, 066
950
5
1877-78
200
14, 622
312
11, 883
165, 411
3, 807
1878-'79
394
1, 056
5, 704
16, 396
272
2, 820
39, 882
4, 627
506
1, 054
6, 470
16, 420
187
3, 337
2,878
43, 073
Years.
Denmark and Dan-
ish Colonies.
Total.
France.
France and French Colonies.

French Colonies.
French Possessions French West Indies
in America.
and French Guiana.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
2, 382
1868-'69
$63, 656
202
$2,508
48
1, 755
34, 918
$680
596
341
1869-'70
12, 880
2, 326
$3,258
965
43, 781
18, 198
1870-'71
1,497
54, 369
1, 165
3, 913
22, 457
78, 184
253
1871-'72
4, 914
1, 619
3, 118
29, 549
60, 741
409
1872-73
11, 536
1,595
4,326
32, 890
88, 021
369
1873-'74
7, 444
1, 145
22, 713
949
5, 706
1874-75
17, 287
118, 315
1, 355
23, 968
1875-'76
1,288
6, 112
20, 839
132, 786
988
15, 164
1876-'77
3,760
2, 838
53, 732
49, 559
1, 368
20, 263
6, 883
3, 605
1877-78
101, 768
64, 132
1,326
21, 047
1878-79
11, 486
5, 154
162, 191
83, 123
3,065
46, 410
13, 297
5, 244
193, 980
83, 847
6, 605
97, 717

1867-'68
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Years.

and St. Pierre Isl-
Miquelon, Langley, French Possessions
ands.
in Africa.
All other French
Possessions.
Total French
colonies.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
798
$19, 683
2, 442
$52, 952
1, 161
$26,803
3, 487
70, 584
1, 514
27, 819
5, 427
105, 003
1, 941
32, 807
5, 062
93, 548
1, 161
66
$1,580
21, 617
34
5, 487
747
109, 638
1,378
64
1, 439
29, 648
149
7, 184
2, 951
160, 290
1, 533
89
1, 840
25, 450
45
7,858
1, 283
106
1, 708
162, 626
1, 908
29, 054
226
4, 680
81, 736
5, 465
113
3, 573
56, 753
1,588
562
7, 510
9, 796
128, 260
127
3, 443
1,933
43, 650
995
9, 172
17, 678
138, 157
151
1, 634
3, 029
21, 588
744
8,000
13, 288
125, 046
1, 913
25, 167
22, 711
333, 181
1868-69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-72
-
1872-73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79
Austria, 357 M (worth $7,638) in 1869-'70; 204 M (worth $2,932) in 1878-79.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
145
(c.)—Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.

France and French
Colonies.
Germany.
Years.
Total France and
French Colonies.
Bremen.
Hamburg.
Prussia and other
German States.

M feet.
Value.
M feet
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
2, 644
>
$55,460
4
$275
24
1868-'69
3, 828
83, 464
107
2, 460
30
$1,200
540
27
$700
8
172
1869-'70
6, 924
159, 372
32
680
36
640
15
400
1870-'71
5, 315
98, 492
1871-'72
5, 896
121, 174
1872-'73
7,553
157, 734
•
1873-'74
·
8,807
179, 913
-
1874-'75
5, 968
102, 575
1875-'76
11, 270
181, 992
1876-'77
16, 055
239, 925
1877-'78
19, 486
287, 237
1878-'79
22, 710
333, 181
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
Germany not other-
wise specified.
Total Germany.
Great Britain.
England.
Scotland.


M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
55
$2, 175
1868-'69
4, 187
$77, 981
79
·
145
3, 172
1869-'70
2, 658
46, 622
2,658
$1,819
46, 622
83
1870-'71
1, 684
3, 642
69, 473
538
9, 336
1871-'72
3, 650
98, 435
750
286
1872-'73
1, 378
1873-'74
994
$5,803
29, 648
22,002
11, 707
286
5, 803
10, 553
174, 755
827
12, 730
1,378
29, 648
15, 283
258, 542
1,016
16, 497
994
22, 002
1874-75
27, 392
445, 214
4,391
1, 430
74, 150
22, 455
1, 430
22, 455
1875-'76
37,274
497, 339
1, 466
912
22, 001
14, 034
912
1876-'77
14, 034
56, 328
690, 739
10, 359
4, 690
132, 012
71, 945
4, 690
71, 945
1877-'78
66, 750
1,035, 275
12, 317
4,734
72, 538
257, 752
4,734
1878-'79
72, 538
51,386
677, 477
10, 833
3,805
155, 901
54, 422
3, 805
54, 422
14, 883
213, 644
3,458
52, 823
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.

Years.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.
Gibraltar.
Canada.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1, 303
$24,836
2, 135
45, 143
5, 568
7,451
$104, 636
138, 387
2,557
3, 179
$54, 616
48, 018
1869-'70
994
19, 756
5, 174
98, 565
22
$750
2,835
1870-'71
56, 180
585
10, 543
6, 985
120, 685
41
993
2,703
1871-'72
65, 379
1, 746
32, 495
13, 126
219, 980
32
487
1872-'73
3,947
127, 419
888
14, 103
17, 187
289, 142
58
973
1873-'74
2,062
34, 059
33, 845
553, 423
181
1874-'75
3, 389
3, 471
47, 461
42, 191
>
596, 801
704
1875-'76..
15, 957
4, 412
60, 199
71,099
882, 950
180
2, 550
1876-'77
15, 883
535, 566
94, 950 1,828, 593
900
13.893
1877-'78
8,418
101, 626
70, 667
935, 004
320
1878-'79
5, 134
9, 636
139, 528
27, 977
405, 995
152
2,280
10 FOR
146 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(c.)—Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Other British Pos-
sessions in North
America.
Quebec, Ontario,
Manitoba, &c.
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, &c.
Newfoundland,
Labrador. '

M fect. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
3, 844
$45, 578
1868-'69
52
1, 812
1869-'70
2, 353
31, 235
1870-'71
537
24, 876
1871-'72
545
21, 363
1872-'73
6, 694
1873-'74
$189, 350
1, 510
$31, 898
8
$186
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
-
-
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79
5, 721
137, 306
2, 481
58, 168
6
156
10, 277
171, 145
1,805
47, 103
2
52
12, 454
173, 466
1, 785
41, 297
136
24, 391
2,099
456, 606
2, 198
47, 719
4
12, 013
198, 844
11, 794
166, 463
2,370
666
51, 281
17, 200
+888888
126
39
718
28
338
Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Columbia.
British West In-
dies and British
Honduras. 2
British Guiana.
British East Indies.


M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
6, 645 $142, 153
55
1868-69
$1,333
8, 469
179, 615
1869-'70
1, 542
$41, 511
10, 039
209, 657
1870-'71
382
8, 475
10.574
210, 490
1871-'72
712
15, 585
10,002
158, 713
1872-'73
1,395
30,987
6
$82
10, 875
210, 376
1873-'74
2,002
42, 242
879
22, 800
94
2, 994
15, 854
300, 845
1,580
32, 439
1874-'75
265
32, 439
210
5, 179
13, 243
228, 961
1,390
26, 751
1875-'76
1, 287
57
25, 437
905
15, 477
243, 037
1876-77 ...
1, 582
25, 352
842
3
13, 689
57
12, 734
184, 722
2, 368
37, 987
310
1877-'78
5, 211
112
2, 075
16, 227
210, 429
2,905
1878-'79
43, 210
112
1, 725
33
329
21, 645
299, 186
4, 096
61, 330
59
1,056
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Hong Kong.
British Possessions British Possessions
in Africa.
in Australasia.3
Total British Col-
onies.


M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-70
2, 094
$51, 173
612
$18, 351
3, 512
773
23, 200
9, 158
$120, 928
299, 373
19, 399
23, 173
$434, 132
593, 529
*
564
1870-'71
15, 501
8, 233
209, 949
24, 430
504, 220
798
1871-'72
23, 949
4, 735
100, 717
20, 100
441, 989
1, 416
1872-'73
39, 400
5,738
151, 017
1, 314
22, 041
23, 075
529, 386
1, 134
1873-'74
31, 954
5, 385
185, 843
1. 235
29, 865
16, 040
735, 745
2,545
1874-75
73, 502
13, 275
266, 264
1, 350
43, 940
22, 905
733, 542
2, 122
1875-'76
61, 621
6, 348
1, 108
141, 483
19, 882
38, 941
4 749, 683
2, 946
1876-'77
74, 196
7, 202
120, 812
399
43, 769
6, 860
717, 285
1877-'78
2, 465
48, 437
11, 499
196, 029
257
57,271
1878-'79
4, 594
997, 647
3, 676
72, 144
15, 872
272, 166
54, 903
88
760
5, 158
862, 320
103, 542
17, 991
293, 885
61, 710
946, 369
¹Prince Edward Island was included with Nova Scotia, &c., in 1873, and in this column in 1874-'75.
2 Honduras included in 1872–73, 1873–74, and 1874-'75, only.
In 1868-'69, 1869-70, 1870-'71, and 1871-'72 this heading specified "Australia, New Zealand, &c."
4 Includes 3,000 feet ($89) for "all other British Possessions" not included in the preceding columns.
}
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 147
(c.)—Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and
British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Hayti and San Do-
mingo.
Hayti..
Italy.
Years.
Total Great Britain
and British Col-
ies.


M feet. Value.
M fect.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
24, 967
$538,768
2, 625
1868-69
30, 624
731, 916
1,507
$64, 627
36, 093
2, 564
$62, 867
183
$4, 006
105
1869-'70
1,817
29, 604
602, 785
2,320
50, 861
305
1870-'71
6, 633
27, 085
562, 674
5, 013
101, 597
63
1871-'72
36, 201❘
749, 366
1, 189
3,596
76, 621
57
979
1872-'73
67,052 1,024, 887
4.779
114, 919
70
1873-'74
1, 120
77, 785
1,286, 964
7, 263
158, 619
365
1874-75
5, 674
81, 132
1,346, 484
8, 133
158, 512
487
1875-'76
114, 868
10, 056
1, 600, 235
9, 465
185, 171
685
1876-77 ..
9, 620
152, 221
1,826, 240
8, 661
154, 338
597
1877-78
8.868
1878-'79
125,570 1,797, 324
89, C87 1,352, 364
6, 741
123, 996
2,678
33.436
5, 894
97, 092
1, 238
14, 142
Years.
Japan.
Liberia.
Mexico.
Netherlands and
Dutch Colonies.
Netherlands.



M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68 .
77
$4,767
30
$750
1868-'69..
4
78
49
1,234
2,923
1,973
$66, 169
184
$11, 222
54, 134
1869-'70
5
188
74
1, 910
3, 020
66, 824
1870-'71
255
4, 560
264
5, 646
10, 687
69, 402
1871-'72
26
573
50
1, 377
3, 415
1872-'73
90, 744
22
600
4
210
81
2, 293
3, 046
1873-'74
74, 999
90
215
·
443
1, 884
162
4, 191
5, 881
109, 536
1874-'75
433
1,062
19, 073
3, 664
300
5, 947
6, 407
123, 033
1875-'76
756
11, 674
223
4, 810
5,766
1876-'77 ...
110, 341
18
1, 589
22, 778
524
129
2, 731
3, 214
57, 741
1877-78...
1,436
39
19, 228
1,000
51
1, 115
8, 183
133, 477
1878-'79
6, 310
87,086
137
2, 196
6, 192
117, 034
3,805
45, 303
Netherlands and Dutch Colonies.
Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Dutch West Indies. Dutch East Indies.
M feet. Value. M feet. Value.
Total Netherlands
and Dutch Colonies.
Peru.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68 .
1868-'69
353
275
$6,955
6, 157
215
$5, 131
18
1869-'70
777
752
293
$23, 308
5, 543
$86, 723
6, 934
1, 117
23, 904
11, 841
7
203, 884
215
1870-'71
1, 124
24, 119
869
18, 239
9, 564
1871-'72
869
530
18, 239
19, 420
11, 700
207,905
291, 013
1872-'73
552
17, 700
1,856
39, 869
23, 190
507, 073
1873-'74
1,946
41, 753
1,530
31, 235
25, 259
413, 814
1874-'75
2,592
903
50, 308
16, 299
15, 212
223, 780
1875-'76
1, 659
27,973
600
10, 108
5, 412
100, 478
1876-'77
2, 189
1, 114
32, 886
17, 123
10, 506
153, 793
699
1877-'78
10,000
2,550
-
1, 335
36, 351
21, 385
12, 591
194, 370
10
1878-'79
220
7,645
1, 169
108, 471
17,778
3, 194
11, 410
149, 268
57,000
14, 511
77, 157
12, 016
142, 503
¹Includes 148 M ($2,379) for Dutch Guiana.
148 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(c.)—Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.
Years.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Portuguese Colonies.
Total Portuguese
Colonies.
Portugal.
Azores, Madera, and
Cape Verd Islands.
All other Portu-
guese Possessions.

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M fect. Value.
M feet. Value.
1867-'68
1868-'69
2,250
$47, 694
238
$8, 601
2,250
$47, 694
1869-'70
1, 722
$36, 411
1,722
36, 411
1870-'71..
1,930
39, 779
1, 930
39, 779
1871-'72
1, 531
156
10,752
33, 507
1,531
33, 507
1872-'73
1,036
22, 671
1,086
1873-'74
1, 565
22, 671
33, 395
170
3, 057
1,565
1, 399
1874-75
28, 537
33, 395
624
9,414
1,399
1, 566
28, 537
1875-'76
31, 498
2,293
43, 034
3,386
1, 566
31, 496
1876-'77
65, 560
1, 041
15, 319
3,386
1877-'78
1878-'79
2, 639
65, 560
48, 900
143
·
1, 840
3, 113
26, 034
3, 782
2, 035
52, 013
37, 607
1, 142
14, 546
2, 712
2, 035
42, 962
37, 607
347
6, 842
3, 059
49, 804
Portugal and Portu-
guese Colonies.
San Domingo.
Spain and Spanish
Colonies
Sandwich Islands.
Years.
Total.
Spain.

M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
2,250
$47, 694
61
1868-'69
$1, 760
3, 709
1, 960
$3,510
45, 012
1,268
$30, 016
1869-'70
3, 598
1,930
44, 128
874
39, 779
24, 710
1870-'71
4,350
49, 308
1, 531
424
33, 507
9, 295
1871-'72
5, 440
1,242
55, 194
702
11, 994
1.4, 307
1872-'73
4,811
51, 563
-
1, 565
1, 670
1, 565
3,596
36, 466
1873-'74
76, 621
2, 447
26, 454
1, 509
932
4, 621
588
18, 094
13, 327
1874-'75
3,546
34, 331
2, 190
1, 914
11, 604
37,965
100
2, 502
1875-'76
2,869
29, 121
•
5, 679
5, 312
108, 594
522
93, 745
11, 535
1876-'77
5, 821
59, 346
4,823
12, 749
67, 332
213, 048
507
10, 697
1877-'78
7,215
75, 990
3,875
12, 855
63, 641
192, 185
736
12, 557
11, 081
1878-'79
111, 211
12, 645
4, 201
64, 350
182, 323
594
9, 674
14, 561
142, 558
9, 014
126, 275
Russian America, 1867-'68
Asiatic Russia, 1875–76.
M ft.
Value.
►
562
$16, 426
168
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
-
4,394
59
1, 393
126
2,760
Years.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.

Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Spanish Posses-
sions in Africa and
adjacent islands.
All other Spanish
Possessions.

M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
33, 916
1868-'69
20, 569
$684,
$684, 630
389, 366
4,744
4,338
$102, 060
93, 360
1,224
$30, 309
1869-'70
25, 260
488, 606
6, 473
131, 500
1870-'71..
35, 715
397
1, 856
$10, 104
42, 272
661, 581
7,534
150, 475
1871-'72
759
27,055
515, 960
18, 364
2, 119
191, 351
1872-'73
53, 666
1, 418
824, 928
30, 222
6, 322
133, 582
1,690
1873-'74
33, 688
27, 624
496, 702
4,609
93, 277
813
1874-'75
16, 195
30, 987
514, 858
8, 354
151, 830
853
1875-'76
15, 167
31, 302
468, 901
5, 666
94, 654
945
1876-'77
16, 331
33, 089
488, 190
8, 012
120, 975
719
1877-'78
7,370
55
· •
35, 310
474, 189
6, 122
94, 182
624
1878-'79
10, 510
101
30, 384
1,300
1, 822
412, 271
7,528
108, 332
790
11, 557
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 149
(c.)—Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Turkey
Spanish Colonies.
Total
Sweden and Nor-
way.
and Turkish Posses
sions.
Years.
Total Spanish Colo-
nies.
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
39, 884
$816, 999
41, 152
$847, 015
1868-'69
25,304
492, 830
26, 178
517, 540
15
1869-'70
33, 589
$353
662, 378
34, 013
671, 673
1870-'71
47,008
820, 420
44, 710
834, 727
10
1871-'72...
350
37, 582
686, 633
38, 512
722, 099
1872-'73.
61, 678
992, 198
62, 610 1, 010, 292
132
1873-'74
$1, 933
12
600
33, 046
606, 174
34, 960
647, 139
425
8, 560
40
158
1874-'75
40, 164
681, 855
45, 476
775, 600
145
1,904
1
1875-'76
30
37, 813
579, 886
50, 562
792, 934
306
6, 590
11
1876-'77
1, 101
41, 575
617, 835
54, 430
810, 020
417
4,879
1877-'78..
40, 157
580, 703
52, 802
763, 026
260
1878-'79
3, 537
2
35
38,702
532, 160
47, 716
658, 435
229
3, 149
15
300
United States of Co-
lombia.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
All other coun-
tries and ports in
Years.
South America.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
1, 220
$33, 669
11, 906
$263, 432
1868-'69
1, 416
38, 199
18, 634
377, 912
145
1,307
$5, 175
26
$679
27, 130
1869-'70
1, 904
46, 221
17,450
364, 128
153
1870-'71...
1, 763
4, 220
41, 217
14, 475
283, 635
$7
1871-72...
2,893
1, 649
46, 249
17, 717
364, 965
90
2, 910
1872-'73 ..
1, 869
56, 580
36, 640
741, 926
142
1873-'74
5, 292
82
3, 249
2, 501
79, 716
24, 416
464, 349
213
8.445
1874-'75
550
2, 460
4, 728
54, 624
13, 853
240, 283
569
1875-'76
15, 173
1, 874
41, 876
3, 133
50, 953
949
1876-'77
20,000
2, 121
48, 562
10,456
177, 199
1877-'78...
2,867
52, 595
2, 090
41, 430
11, 024
157, 834
1878-'79.
1,581
26, 771
40
2,398
797
44, 030
12, 916
181, 208
1, 156
22, 948
511
5, 121
All other countries
Years.
and ports in
Africa not else-
where specified.
All other countries
and ports.
General summary by Coasts and Grand
Divisions.
Mediterranean
ports.
Europe.
Atlantic ports
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
127
$4,521
20
$541
638
1868-'69
$13, 941
6,583
$127, 225
256
3, 701
120
1869-'70
2, 170
7,689
146, 988
39
807
662
1870-'71
14, 271
5, 196
99, 315
368
6, 604
73
1871-'72
1, 539
7, 026
121, 678
129
2,752
57
979
13, 314
1872-'73
230, 579
341
5, 203
70
1. 121
1873-'74
17, 245
290, 115
136
3, 385
50
1, 491
365
1874-'75
5,832
34, 196
28
559, 869
595
658
14, 664
527
1875-'76
10, 086
43, 719
592, 172
780
16, 889
696
10, 721
1876-'77
73, 572
928, 514
150
2,250
976
17, 238
597
1877-'78
8,868
96, 891
367
4, 785
1,857, 805
322
6, 187
2, 078
33, 436
1878-'79
72, 827
52
1, 064
966, 172
951
15, 008
1,457
17, 374
29, 271
422, 321
150 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(c.)-Exportation of Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Joists, Plank, &c.—Continued.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Continental ports
Africa.
Asia, Australasia,
&c.
Years.
on the Baltic and
North Seas.
Total.*


M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
958
$60, 901
1868-'69
8, 179
$202, 067
•
363
5,032
13, 727
$159, 712
1869-'70
8, 387
10, 629
200, 475
$133, 399
822
-
122
2,482
24, 434
18, 094
7,901
1870-'71
179, 732
431, 860
638
63
17, 411
2, 020
16, 498
8, 116
1871-'72
234, 488
113, 906
1, 062
690
14, 063
29, 595
15, 518
1872-'73
16, 140
292, 623
256, 192
1,466
1,978
39, 054
40, 777
1873-'74
20, 595
15, 584
355, 828
277, 663
4, 173
82, 786
1, 249
34, 994
10, 360
1874-'75
41, 597
269, 144
703, 739
2, 856
•
2,442
38, 313
80, 644
1875-'76
53, 288
23, 992
417, 425
755, 155
4, 176
2, 467
71, 851
61, 852
94, 952
12, 430
1876-'77
1,267, 887
226, 593
4,340
12, 280
183, 202
100, 802
1877-'78
109, 768
15, 159
2, 049, 875
219, 669
3, 725
-
18, 724
276, 109
70, 584
20, 204
1878-'79
118, 360
296, 207
1, 620, 231
5,715
12.598
106, 267
166, 047
65, 637
28, 010
401, 133
925, 697
6, 881
131, 645
36, 399
501, 729
* France and Spain are included in the total for Europe, but are not embraced in the summary of
Mediterranean and Atlantic ports.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Years.
Atlantic Islands
(Spanish and Por
tuguese).
South America.
West Indies.*
Atlantic ports.
Pacific ports.

M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68.
3, 474
$78, 003
1868-'69
52, 219
$1,065, 644
29, 584
$731, 701
10, 792
36, 913
$162, 735
1869-'70
749, 509
41, 901
912, 730
17,939
46, 174
312, 694
1870-'71
922, 726
32, 004
734, 641
19, 876
60, 870
403, 236
1871-'72
1, 164, 837
23, 082
481, 158
23, 591
54, 987
358, 409
1872-'73
1, 100, 515
33, 012
1,565
733, 648
33, 395
40, 827
85, 387
643, 767
1873-'74
1,488, 206
60, 446
1,399
1, 317, 250
28, 537
64, 228
37, 870
666, 638
1874-'75
1, 238, 679
46, 902
1,566
981, 599
31, 495
66, 373
25, 496
272, 828
1875-'76.
1, 158, 749
39, 426
3, 386
751, 881
05, 560
13, 271
58, 122
227, 877
1876-'77
906, 991
34, 233
624, 064
2, 782
15, 423
52, 013
61, 666
235, 819
1877-'78
921, 226
37, 905
625, 463
2, 035
21, 668
37, 607
72, 769
327, 436
1878-'79
1, 036, 305
35, 108
3, 059
534, 745
23, 293
49, 804
76, 697
314, 679
1,085, 123
47, 402
711, 745
14, 836
182, 385
* Including British Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Years.
Mexico
and
Total.
Central America.
Other North
American ports
and islands.
Uncertain.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1867-'68
1868-'69
40, 376
59, 840
$894, 436
1, 225, 424
1869-'70
-
3, 462
2,266
$78, 239
62, 088
6, 449 | $100, 874
-
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
51, 880
46,673
3, 231
1, 137, 877
3, 333
72,503
5, 188
839, 567
11, 624
87, 376
-
73, 839
3,240
49, 830
87,415
90, 255
127
5,862
9, 252
$4,521
120, 800
188, 580
1,377, 415
4, 523
7,720
119, 921
175, 931
98,316
4, 492
1,983, 888
148, 782
5, 190
8, 120
1873-'74 ..
123, 429
153, 425
72, 398
9.864
1, 254, 427
221, 516
1874-'75
7,403
4,500
158, 576
101, 522
52, 697
9,808
198, 624
979, 758
7,930
3,082
41, 093
1875-'70
153, 968
49, 656
14, 223
859, 883
223, 479
3, 253
7,900
1876-'77
148, 684
59, 469
14, 538
-
59, 653
219, 673
952, 899
1877-'77
1878-'79
4, 250
4,353
75, 443
73, 642
*58, 501
26, 709
850, 221
506, 096
4,374
10, 154
62, 188
166, 616
†62, 749
15, 661
889, 251
254, 851
7,786
1, 938
144, 589
27, 810
12, 672
187, 359
2, 864
40, 170
¹Including 40 M (worth $797) not specified as to country.
2 Including 511 M (worth $5,121) not specified as to country.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 151
66
EXPORTATION OF "BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING," AND OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS,
DEALS, PLANK, JOISTS, AND SCANTLING," BY DISTRICTS.
Quantities and values.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Years.
1855-'50.
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-59...
1859-60
-
1860-'61
1861-'62
·
1862-'63
1863-'64
Maine.


Passamaquoddy
[Eastport].
Machias.
Frenchman's Bay
[Ellsworth].
Penobscot.*

M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet, Value.
M feet.
Value.
3, 485
2,294
$36, 241
26, 195
3, 681
7,491
$43, 443
61, 761
1,093
1, 507
$27, 821
2, 106
22, 650
19, 968
10, 666
128, 850
255
$3, 024
951
2,065
10, 973
20, 445
7, 906
97, 308
555
6, 354
1,417
3,861
20, 159
36, 178
8, 235
101, 704
609
7,991
12, 014
1,048
105, 466
13, 424
6, 216
77,585
561
6,766
1, 565
19, 912
3,866
1, 403
40, 290
32, 106
7, 279
173, 709
181
3, 623
1,085
26, 878
1864-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
1867-'68
1, 539
3, 421
21, 525
34, 896
11, 490
228, 532
730
14, 208
8, 999
166, 723
1868-'69
·
100
3,255
6, 964
1869-'70
1870-'71
133, 062
45
810
·
5, 514
102, 718
718
12, 847
17
1,450
7, 118
129, 499
224
1871-'72
3,700
29
2,284
8,884
169, 195
120
1872-'73
2,311
2, 103
37, 038
6,335
125, 297
1873-'74
396
6, 094
559
10, 140
5, 026
1874-'75
99,012
•
3, 051
39, 167
7, 387
124, 896
36
1875-'76
410
8, 019
93, 832
6, 353
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79
98,950
237
3, 688
·
7,019
78, 838
6, 131
93, 609
·
2, 986
34, 106
2, 114
29, 188
•
3, 362
38, 064
5, 141
66, 514
7
42
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Maine.
Years.
Castine. †
Bangor.
Belfast.
Wiscasset.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Valne.
M feet.
Value. M feet.
Valne.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-58
571
829
$11,990
15, 338
11, 203
8, 122 | $106, 418
145, 307
2, 165
2,303
-
464
9, 272
12, 574
160, 808
1858-59
2, 142
$27, 673
28,870
37, 188
23
2
$32
222
12, 131
1859-'60
154, 845
3, 190
39, 430
9.269
1860-'61
113, 923
1,449
20, 148
13, 060
1801-'62
157, 363
2,216
28, 658
865
1, 026
409
25
2,387
10, 386
12, 371
4, 901
1862-'63
·
1863-64
1864-'65
25, 483
505, 978
7,570
161, 689
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
11, 684
1867-'68
10,288
1868-'69
232,823
192, 692
2, 606
1, 043
60, 781
330
20, 589
192
10,396
4,950
2, 910
1869-'70
192, 104
967
18, 549
26
430
1870-'71
7,019
130, 842
297
5, 960
115
1871-'72
4, 633
1,895
82, 744
496
7,965
1872-'73 ..
4, 213
75, 732
287
5,420
1
15
1873-'74
8, 707
165, 456
135
335
6, 264
2, 531
330
13, 127
5, 196
1874-'75
201, 224
140
2,782
1875-'76
5
213
115
21, 316
279, 009
3, 188
3, 835
43, 997
1876-'77
18,889
206, 107
2
28
1, 049
10, 697
5, 304
1877-'78
14, 386
63, 277
154, 130
118
1,979
1878-'79
·
10, 353
6, 486
69,950
109, 028
280
260
3,757
4, 069
4, 412
5, 148
45, 633
58,479
122
1, 427
1, 831
16, 160
*
Changed to "Castine" in 1866.
+
Formerly "Penobscot."
152
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Maine.

Years.
Bath.
Portland and Fal-
mouth.
Other ports of
Maine besides
Portland.
Total Maine.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
1, 713
$21, 331
8, 913
1856-'57
$118, 906
935
29, 869
11, 489
$394, 981
12, 040
160, 573
1857-'58
9, 675
38, 615
469, 526
19, 787
16,762
230, 937
1858-'59
1, 740
55, 882
21, 040
625, 936
18,738
251, 405
1859-'60
48, 610
940
10, 440
621, 372
16, 720
226, 304
1860-'61
44, 601
542, 483
546
6, 290
15, 874
209, 562
1861-'62
52, 464
616, 776
24, 979
304, 321
1862-'63
28, 773
$314, 689
53, 752
619, 010
18, 912
240, 586
1863-'64
1864-'65
29, 586
341, 988
48, 498
289, 084
.
13, 957
260, 981
28, 580
444, 212
948
21, 451
46,403
745, 483
20, 646
509, 916
64, 597
1,435, 350
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
1867-'68
452
3
9, 395
6, 730
139, 723
35 561
60
1868-'69
7,257
711, 937
136, 988
286
6, 201
1869-'70
7, 360
31, 203
554, 858
131,842
107
1, 684
26, 204
1870-'71
3,248
486, 253
60, 757
452
17, 018
8, 345
316, 703
1, 136
1871-'72
12, 370
676
13, 507
14, 016
246, 073
1872-'73
4,366
72, 521
1, 134
21, 571
18, 580
7,476
340, 985
1873-'74
123, 131
499
26, 626
10, 196
7, 384
486, 234
1874-'75
117, 965
272
29, 970
4, 954
11, 419
447, 583
1875-'76
192, 030
4,315
47, 321
52, 643
684, 578
12, 189
1876-'77
173, 625
5, 017
55, 521
56, 676
12, 972
695, 338
1877-'78
1878-'79
166, 495
-
2, 697
23,990
53, 278
13, 034
633, 624
159, 161
511
5, 240
35,876
7, 469
110,567
405, 175
23, 851
301, 253
Saco, 10 M ($100) in 1856-'57; 65 M ($653) in 1857-'58; 3 M ($29) in 1858-'59, and 1,449 M ($20,148) in
1859-'60. Kennebunk, 124 M ($1,526) in 1855-'56. Waldoborough, 65 M ($1,060) in 1874-75; 100 M ($1,250)
in 1876-'77; 25 M ($410) in 1877-78.
1855-'56
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
New Hampshire.
Massachusetts.
Portsmouth.
Salem and Beverly.
Years.
Newburyport.
Gloucester.


M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
86
$1,353
103
$1,704
817
$14, 637
96
1, 944
179
3, 121
344
6, 751
294
4, 175
206
4, 416
440
47, 829
25
$400
219
3, 925
115
1, 603
235
3,274
40
616
758
149
2,549
79
1,489
270
7,702
5, 437
10
150
448
11, 538
78
2, 394
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'50
1860-'61
•
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
81
1,703
413
10, 272
33
815
60
1, 924
1867-'68
251
6, 098
119
3, 562
1868-'69
209
4,853
3
48
115
1, 706
1869-'70
191
4,982
2
20
19
389
1870-'71
153
3,546
9
188
1871-'72
277
5, 684
27
686
1872-'73
104
2, 015
30
815
1873-'74
40
1,011
153
3, 362
1874-'75
383
8,320
18
444
1875-'76
331
5, 366
28
650
1876-'77
372
7,357
1
20
3
70
1877-'78
96
-
1,538
8
200
2
20
1878-'79 ..
27
370
10,
140
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
153
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Massachusetts.
Years.
Boston and Charles-
town.
New Bedford.
Other ports of Mas-
sachusetts besides
Boston.
Total Massachu-
setts.


M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
11, 766 | $226, 964
13
$270
1856-'57
12, 785
$244, 928
13, 743
264, 433
55
1, 052
1857-'58
14, 417
277, 301
21, 772
368, 597
138
3, 456
1858-'59
22,850
428, 473
20, 390
390, 170
81
1, 782
1859-'60
21, 046
401, 500
22, 461
432, 630
308
4, 520
1860-'61
23, 802
448, 742
16, 424
312, 082
62
851
1861-'62
16, 984
322, 408
20, 109
350, 032
1862-'63
1, 101
$22,879
21, 210
372, 911
26, 805
551, 865
805
1863-'04
15, 132
27, 110
566, 997
25, 374
631, 096
683
1864-'65
12, 447
26.057
21,398
643, 543
954, 872
136
851
27, 060
969, 615
1866-'67
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
49, 659
1867-68.
15, 877
465, 431
468, 443
102
4,332
50, 267
482, 774
49
2,060
1868-'69
16, 296
480, 153
13, 322
423, 589
164
5, 247
1869-'70
13, 813
435, 443
6, 203
194, 757
57
2, 540
1870-'71
6, 472
6, 288
202, 688
167,454
113
1871-'72
1,976
6, 563
173, 164
-
5, 946
180, 438
87
1, 549
1872-'73
6, 337
8, 153
188,357
289, 603
4
282
1873-'74
·
6, 708
8, 291
292, 715
196, 168
273
8,408
1874-'75
8, 704
7, 174
208, 949
264, 737
144
1875-'76
2, 597
9, 249
9, 765
276, 098
247, 180
104
2, 040
1870-'77
10, 228
9,211
255, 236
223, 645
372
7,357
1877-'78
9, 9.59
238, 449
9, 464
222, 918
312
1878-'79.
6, 186
10, 529
9, 882
230, 860
213, 000
534
9,682
11, 100
223, 192
Marblehead, 241 M ($4,280), in 1858-'59; Edgartown, 144 M ($2,558), in 1855-'56; Barnstable, 20 M
($498), in 1878-'79.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Rhode Island.
Years.
Providence.
Newport.
Bristol and Warren. Total Rhode Island.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value. M feet. Value.
1855-'56
419
$6, 506
199
$4, 040
157
$2,688
775
$13, 234
1856-'57
459
7,240
17
330
475
7,570
1857-'58
53
2,390
70
921
34
595
157
2,985
1858-'59
150
3, 199
85
1, 111
235
4,310
1859-'60
3
48
235
3,829
3
48
1860-'61
53
995
53
995
1861-'62
173
2,817
1862-'63
1863-'64
92
2, 158
1864-'65
15
450
48
2,256
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'79
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-73
1873-'74
1874-'75
·
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

3
48
125
30
2, 884
128
2, 932
741
4
98
34
839
4
280
4
280
200
4, 004
200
4, 004
2
50
2
50
5
100
161
3,500
26
378
5
100
161
3, 500
26
378
154 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Connecticut.
Years.
New London.
New Haven.
Fairfield, Middle-
town.1
Total, Connect-
icut.2

M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
443
7, 513
$11, 076
443
24, 528
$11, 076
33
$851
1857-'58
7,546
88
2,033
25, 379
44
1,008
1858-'59
132
73
2,281
3, 046
111
1, 900
81
1859-'60
$1, 200
26.5
5, 411
175
4, 562
141
1, 939
1860-'61
171
6, 501
30
670
13
222
1861-'62
13
892
1862-'63
218
4, 148
1863-'64
91
1,929
360
1864-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
107
3,772
150
5, 518
7, 704
40
1, 400
297
10, 690
1866-'67
81
1867-'68
2, 480
81
13
471
2,480
23
600
1868-'69
1
25
37
46
1, 449
1, 096
13
117
1869-'70
59
42
1,566
1, 115
1870-'71
42
1, 115
37
1, 137
30
650
1871-'72
67
53
1,468
1,787
5
140
1872-'73
58
12
384
1, 608
35
1873-'74
1,550
47
7
1, 934
345
40
1874-'75
1, 011
84
3, 360
47
27
4, 716
705
11
250
1875-'76
38
955
14
252
39
1876-'77
1,776
53
13
2,028
323
35
680
1877-'78
48
1. 003
95
1, 488
81
1,705
1878-'79
176
76
1, 197
3, 193
195
3, 665
271
4,862
The entries for 1864-'5 and 1873-'4 are for Middletown.
Includes 10 M ($200) from Stonington in 1856-7.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
New York [sea-
board].
Pennsylvania.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Years.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Delaware [Wil-
mington].
Baltimore.

M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
27, 469
$554, 911
1856-'57
30, 091
646, 524
1, 569
1, 547
$27, 741
2, 193
27, 706
$38, 483
12
1857-58 ...
31, 048
$312
2, 455
751, 334
41, 136
3, 012
46, 901
1858-'59
34, 419
2, 883
808, 798
49, 753
2, 903
46, 228
1859-'60
26, 198
592, 834
3, 466
2, 535
57, 649
40, 122
1860-'61
26, 949
564, 865
4,849
3, 457
67, 589
59, 533
100
1861-'62
3,500
32, 828
3, 591
722, 226
56, 932
2, 120
31, 240
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
38, 149 1,019, 181
25, 626
894, 658
24, 116 1,061, 246
4, 124
65, 600
2, 268
3, 184
47, 874
107, 688
75
1,676
3, 415
72, 032
5, 294
156, 584
2,440
87,453
5, 641
181, 223
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
1867-'68
3, 058
9, 751
139, 206
328, 098
2,853
2,700
77, 307
4, 186
120, 753
1868-'69
67, 808
60
11, 446
1,263
381, 930
5, 020
1, 390
36, 384
143, 496
1869-'70 ..
17,772
564, 108
3, 324
4, 116
89,062
91, 127
1870-'71
11, 042
342, 492
3, 626
4, 422
93, 199
94, 653
1871-'72
1,757
35, 857
3, 313
2, 351
62, 249
70,983
1872-'73
15, 431
593, 993
3, 403
1, 346
1873-'74
38, 603
88, 944
93
2, 415
11, 665
439, 854
3,387
3, 544
95, 557
1874-'75
103, 596
16, 906
474, 706
2,325
11, 419
63, 714
192, 030
1875-'76
13, 836
350, 196
2, 993
3,270
1876-'77
44, 027
1, 373, 332
5,932
1877-'78
32, 001
662, 301
8, 205
1878-'79
34, 040 627, 833
5, 938
57, 030
110,975
132, 405
103, 011
68, 298
2, 418
43, 790
2,965
69, 559
4,815
90, 853
5
170
6, 390
101, 261
NEW JERSEY, from various ports; in 1857-'8, 7 M ($140). In 1863-'4, 311 M ($8,382).
M ($3,300). In 1877-'78, 2 M ($41) for Perth Amboy.
In 1866-7, 124
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 155
Years.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Richmond.
Virginia.
Norfolk and Ports- Total Virginia.
mouth.
North Carolina.
Albemarle.l
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
M feet.
Value.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-57
22
$399
22
$399
1, 449
·
$4, 414
75
931
1, 533
5, 720
21
$250
1857 -'58
1858-'59
6
142
66
1, 061
72
1, 203
4
50
200
2, 465
200
2, 465
16
263
1859-'60 ..
45
10, 280
45
10, 280
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
50
850
50
850
7
4
5955
50
1864-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
1867-'68
100
2,500
100
2,500
1
9
1868-'69
35
504
200
10, 183
1869-'70
43
1, 475
43
1, 475
1870-'71
10
260
10
260
2
50
1871-'72
3
60
99
2, 327
102
2,387
1872-'73 ..
1873-74
31
474
31
474
1874-75
1
18
1
18
1875-76
184
3, 484
184
3, 484
1876-'77
101
2, 862
28
482
129
564
1877-'78
32
520
343
5, 580
375
6, 100
1878-'79
36
360
36
360
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.-Georgetown, 146 M ($2,547) in 1855-'56, 165 M ($2,850) in 1856-'57, 15 M ($180)
in 1866-67; Alexandria, Va., 9 M ($375) in 1856-57, 55 M ($1,300) in 1864-'65, 165 M ($9,679) in 1868–’69.
Includes Camden, Edenton, and Plymouth districts before 1867-'68.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Years.
Pamlico.1
North Carolina.

Beaufort.
Wilmington.
Total North Caro-
lina.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
1, 382
$18,354
209
$2,905
1856-57
7, 918 | $111, 441
9, 509
831
10,728
$132, 700
243
3,083
14, 109
1857-58
190, 900
15, 204
204, 961
565
10,328
207
2, 544
16, 556
247, 150
1858-'59
17, 332
260, 072
364
5, 247
158
1, 896
12, 568
184, 150
1859-'00
13, 106
262
3,995
191, 556
204
2,500
8,230
132, 890
1860-'61
8, 696
742
11, 585
139, 385
281
4, 152
6, 558
113, 352
1861-'62
7, 587
129, 184
1862-'63
1863-64
1864-'65
1866-'67 ..
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
63
1,260
91
1867-'68
2,270
144
2, 624
5
104
1868-'69
7, 106
5, 695
188, 274
153,472
66
1, 320
1869-'70
3, 546
75, 003
320
5, 365
7,260
5, 845
3, 612
191, 804
156, 209
35
708
1870-'71
7,320
76, 323
151, 653
210
2,695
7,675
1871-'72
155
8, 307
157, 726
159, 096
1, 804
8. 519
161, 841
1872-'73
6, 408
129
133, 983
1, 753
6, 503
135, 787
1873-'74
7,258
164, 848
317
4, 242
7,387
166, 601
1874-'75
5, 608
119, 132
218
1875-'76
128
1876-'77
92
2, 788
1,982
992
5, 925
123, 374
6, 809
129, 944
7,027
132, 732
5,996
104, 279
6, 124
106, 261
1877-'78
4, 163
222
153, 933
2,470
9, 255
154, 925
1878-'79
8, 665
136, 147
125
1, 849
8,887
138, 617
9,002
145, 071
9, 127
146, 920
¹Includes Washington, Ocracoke, and Newbern districts before 1867-'68.
+
156 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Georgetown.
South Carolina.
Charleston.
Beaufort.
Years.
Total South Caro-
lina.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
1,590
$24, 555
2,476
1856-'57 ..
2, 004
129, 881
5, 819
$43, 353
93, 367
4, 066
$67, 908
1857-'58
-
2,892
7,83
34, 604
5, 789
223, 248
92, 615
1858-'59
•
503
8, 681
127, 219
70, 386
4, 559
68, 996
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
984
5, 062
139, 382
14, 373
5,749
87,950
6, 733
102, 323
1,709
24, 707
1, 709
24, 707
303
1864-'65
$3, 636
303
3,636
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
3, 106
89, 219
4, 695
1867-'68
109, 310
1,978
40, 126
1, 627
7,801
1868-'69
32, 129
3, 083
61, 818
3, 605
2, 365
198, 529
72, 255
1869-'70
52, 353
2,265
5, 448
45, 981
3,059
114, 171
1870-'71
65, 116
4, 148
83, 7.53
5, 324
1871-'72
2,099
43, 398
111, 097
-
2, 663
55, 157
6, 247
179
127, 151
1872-'73
5,870
187
A
3, 137
2,800
64, 367
1, 684
3,009
63, 907
38, 599
1873-'74
544
-
2, 343
10, 195
60, 709
4,365
695
113, 161
14, 224
1874-'75
418
7,878
903
3,456
17, 595
767
82, 811
1875-'76
13, 770
272
3, 918
937
1, 942
17,470
497
35, 283
8,700
550
1876-'77
9, 206
1, 398
1,984
21, 090
1, 201
35, 376
15, 304
1877-'78
1, 468
1. 491
20, 510
21, 720
4, 067
561
56, 904
7, 142
1878-'79
2, 547
36, 178
2, 205
31, 720
4, 599
493
75, 041
5,825
118
1, 548
2,816
39, 093
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Georgia.
Years.
Savannah.
Brunswick.
Saint Mary's.
Total Georgia.


M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
3, 388
$62, 586
3, 106
$49, 724
2, 623
1856-'57
$36, 125
8, 365
9, 117
129, 435
9, 017
1, 121, 041
4, 680
66, 570
1857-'58..
22, 062
$148, 435
1,317, 046
7,792
111, 638
4, 016
58,444
2, 893
38, 729
14, 701
1858-59 ...
6, 301
208, 811
98,088
9,873
148, 399
2,966
39, 859
19, 140
1859-'60 ..
286, 346
1860-'61
3,382
461
52, 615
8, 211
9, 485
2,800
131, 484
12, 807
184, 099
44, 444
3, 261
1861-'62
52, 655
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
6, 828
188, 194
1867-'68
2,008
46, 236
1868-'09
4,726
2, 438
103, 687
54, 537
6, 828
6, 764
188, 194
149, 923
1869-'70
14, 097
3, 514
306, 436
16,535
76, 842
2,156
52, 469
360, 973
1870-'71
11, 549
7, 379
239, 476
148, 821
17, 219
6, 110
121, 860
368, 787
1871-'72
13, 488
9, 965
254, 227
192, 947
26, 977
13, 518
271, 583
524, 908
1872-'73
11, 854
15, 555
222, 110
309, 526
23, 544
35, 337
444, 374
686, 640
1873-'74
9, 326
10, 519
172, 087
205, 110
48, 425
24, 962
925, 987
1874-'75
469, 000
12, 594
9, 113
232, 093
165, 223
48, 075
16, 895
906, 203
1875-'76
268, 130
6, 257
13, 872
106, 078
32, 265
228, 891
18, 445
539, 421
279, 054
1876-'77
9, 648
14, 922
142, 420
41, 965
228,008
21, 988
650, 365
1877-'78.
315, 070
12, 037
178, 288
18, 300
266, 062
48, 947
21, 714
721, 366
1878-79...
308, 089
10, 551
14, 859
144, 323
211, 257
50, 565
18, 788
270, 563
718, 474
7,732
99, 599
41, 379
581, 419
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 157
(a). Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Florida.
Years.
Fernandina.
Saint John's.
Key West.
Saint Mark's.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'50 ...
8, 962
$53, 639
8, 436
$109, 858
1856-'57
4, 141
55, 777
62, 096
810, 498
1837-'58
5, 063
67, 072
8,438
126, 270
1858-59 ...
816
12, 065
9, 719
145, 886
111
1859-'60
9, 711
146, 165
844
$1,419
10, 038
1860-'61
7,241
108, 607
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
16
510
1866-'67
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
4, 617
105, 510
4,805
113, 632
1867-'68
1, 177
28, 646
4, 947
98,206
2, 971
61, 610
1868-'69
532
1,899
10, 048
40, 301
1, 643
1869-'70
35, 583
45
675
141
-
4,852
97, 730
3,266
66, 310
243
1870-'71
5, 203
4, 500
396
104, 750
2, 115
7,988
3, 036
57, 345
37
1871-'72
935
234
8, 563
171, 176
4, 678
1, 719
35, 286
1872-'73
140
·
15, 677
313, 540
4, 259
2,800
81, 311
108
1873-'74
8, 693
3, 100
80
173, 170
1, 440
5, 319
1874-'75
100, 672
289
8, 267
4, 006
497
82, 585
3, 907
8, 010
68, 408
253
1875-'76
3,020
7, 588
151
1,700
126, 655
3, 737
1876-'77
59, 534
6
102
8, 178
121, 492
3, 846
61, 481
216
1877-'78
3,075
6, 493
95, 067
5, 906
90, 840
3
1878-'79
71
102
6, 901
95, 424
1, 020
4, 234
63,698
294
2, 140
185
2,310
Years.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1837-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'04
1864-'65
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
·
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76
•
1876-'77
-
1877-'78
1878-'79
·
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Florida.
Alabama.
Apalachicola.
Pensacola.
Total Florida.
Mobile.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
360
23
$501
230
4,885
8, 247
$53, 773
17, 693
$217, 771
5, 161
105, 211
74, 507
971, 716
9, 201
$58, 878
106, 087
10, 948
131, 695
24, 449
325, 037
9, 210
108, 987
14, 092
194, 294
24, 738
353, 664
8,310
96, 675
12, 135
174, 315
22, 190
330, 518
6, 114
78, 128
2, 501
44, 412
9,742
152, 017
1,711
24,803
142
13, 075
15
1103
16
510
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
12, 242
138
2,532
10.859
267, 613
186, 844
22, 841
19, 447
517, 933
359, 240
3, 009
69, 736
18
378
2,542
17, 092
41, 940
290, 197
20, 838
369, 249
2, 385
14, 870
42, 986
264, 103
23, 627
440, 631
190
3,700
2,050
15, 355
29, 246
260, 293
24, 055
374
431, 701
1.499
6, 781
15, 404
21, 769
247, 547
26, 200
463, 590
2,877
23, 017
393, 417
41, 678
43, 141
2, 015
792, 808
39, 061
26, 841
4, 670
70, 431
451, 258
43, 654
776, 177
1, 653
3,689
32, 781
18, 833
284, 589
53, 623
33, 063
473, 083
5, 751
29, 327
391, 252
85, 067
40, 658
577, 543
140
1,400
39, 480
6, 510
101, 451
528, 040
51, 861
1, 011
1,226
715, 488
13, 813
4, 614
49, 053
64, 043
614, 603
62, 568
815, 414
15, 213
34, 227
8, 845
420, 874
117, 531
47, 067
599, 659
9, 519
128, 348
¹ Reported as from "Key West, and ports of Florida.”
158
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Mississippi.
Louisiana.¹
Техав.

Years.
Pearl River
[Shieldsborough).
New Orleans.
Galveston.
Saluria
[Indianola].
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
4, 640
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
-
1861-'62
$7,841
1, 742
42, 274
618
34, 425
7
281
5, 345
160
614
11, 559
20
$140
3,049
500
170
3, 467
1862-'63
2, 315
1863-'64
84, 201
2, 673
1864-'65.
118,530
2, 431
122, 330
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
1867-'68
•
24
481
40
1868-'69
278
510
$3,720
2,930
$794
58, 605
90
2,450
2, 088
1869-'70
1, 109
20, 496
59
744
693
1870-'71
17, 732
18
446
3
1, 433
1871-'72
31, 192
17,769
106
165, 671
1,754
35, 857
79
1872-'73
1,077
-
18, 893
153, 589
1, 937
35, 941
1873-'74
64
13, 293
1,092
101, 503
1, 807
1874-75
31, 054
630
10, 443
-
17,859
251, 708
3,075
47, 574
1875-'76
20, 007
269, 921
2, 152
30, 955
1, 034
1870-'77
20, 293
17, 871
243, 608
2, 711
40, 801
1877-78...
19, 186
249, 531
3, 301
46, 967
1,072
241
21, 915
1878-'79
3, 544
13, 245
163, 256
1, 972
26, 388
188
2, 975
173
18
81
7
388
153
The district of Teché, in 1874-75, also exported 126 M feet, valued at $1,011; in 1875-'76, 16 M ($192)
in 1870-'77, 41 M ($450); and in 1878-'79, 488 À ($5,923).
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Texas.
California.


Years.
Corpus Christi.
Brazos de Santiago
[Brownsville].
Total Texas.¹
San Francisco
[Except as noted].2
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
-
1862-'63
1863-'04
75
$1,515
7
160
$140
3, 049
996
26, 901
3,072
76, 153
20
500
6, 070
12, 100
2, 311
51, 588
7,686
132, 594
8, 493
170, 907
15
$770
15
770
8, 370
187, 538
7,825
169, 405
1804-'65
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
64
1807-'68
1, 275
6,900
138, 247
144
6, 519
234
1868-'69
8, 969
62
$2,669
6, 821
150, 673
290
11, 011
411
1869-'70
14, 424
9, 243
77
3, 125
175, 416
171
7,772
269
1870-'71
11, 449
8, 117
13, 702
6, 667
264, 011
345
16, 778
1871-'72
26, 231
189, 116
15, 498
251, 194
152
9, 135
234
11, 741
465
1872-'73
21, 953
19, 802
53
357, 741
2, 317
445
21, 226
562
1873-'74
24, 635
12, 879
210
287, 312
9, 668
476
17,829
1,316
1874-'75
37,940
13, 355
145
268, 213
5, 822
580
26, 644
725
1875-'76
32, 466
8, 176
178
6, 379
164, 995
709
30, 452
1876-'77
1, 921
57, 142
11, 727
85
226, 851
3, 111
161
6, 424
1877-'78
1, 319
31, 531
11, 392
202
215, 831
10,783
732
27, 495
1878-'79
1, 187
42, 410
12, 036
261
15, 043
239, 543
532
16, 973
1,001
35, 600
16, 847
337, 794
1 Includes, for Paso del Norte, 4 M ($397) in 1874-'75; 1 M ($58) in 1875-'76; 5 M ($200) in 1877-'78.
2 Port of San Francisco, excepting 5 M ($130) in 1857-'58; 20 M ($450) in 1858-'59; and 7 M ($175) in
1860-'61, for Monterey. In 1877-78, 20 M ($401); and in 1878-'79, 17 M ($462) for San Diego.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC. 159
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Oregon.
Washington.
Alaska.

Oregon and Wash-
Years.
ington Territory
[various ports].1
Willamette.
Puget Sound.2
Alaska.

M feet.
M feet.
Value.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'50
1856-'57
2,286
813
$35, 448
13, 500
1857-'58
1858-'59
7,483
7, 561
131, 460
155, 395
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
·
20, 126
214, 778
1865-'06
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
10, 914
111, 196
1866-'67
13, 688
135, 166
1867-'68
14, 392
147, 607
1868-'69
18,705
200, 828
1869-'70
401
14, 234
1870-'71
2, 166
21, 544
153
1871-'72
$1,531
598
6, 785
1872-'73
865
8, 286
132
1873-'74
1, 339
2, 314
25, 043
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
•
450
5, 053
635
8, 149
-
1, 013
14, 076
296
1878-'79
343
990
5, 580
1, 514
10, 209
35
3, 545
17, 093
1, 069
34, 532
36, 236
$330, 800
343, 491
10
$300
1232
60
58
57
75
These columns include "Oregon and Washington Territory" until they are separately reported.
2 Included in " Oregon and Washington Territory" in earlier years. Before 1865'-66, most of the
export was from Puget Sound.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Minnesota [Pem- Lake Superior ports Huron [Port Hu-
bina].
[Mackinaw, &c.].
ron].

Years.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
1855-'56..
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1803-'64
3
10
$60
600
1864-'65..
10
150
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
1867-'68
1, 567
$18, 732
1868-'69
1869-'70
2, 599
30
1870-'71
510
$1, 180
24, 230
30, 605
1,993
26, 633
1871-72
469
1, 273
14,750
34, 264
1872-'73
767
3, 611
81,939
16, 822
285
1873-74...
2,965
1, 971
1,036
32, 319
26, 451
554
1874-'75
6, 477
4, 649
2, 153
57, 906
43, 920
963
1875-'70.
8, 399
4, 615
3,946
56, 287
63, 965
364
1876-'77
3,036
4, 233
4, 564
51, 927
285
1877-78...
2, 424
2,240
6, 296
25, 533
271
1878-'79..
2,603
3,571
5, 493
43, 251
49, 713
105, 660
83, 982
-
299
4,377
4, 216
57, 259
Duluth, Minn., 11 M ($115) in 1877-'78, included in Lake Superior ports.
Duluth, Minn., 15 M ($183) in 1878-'79, included in Lake Superior ports.
Superior, Mich., 260 M ($2,488) in 1877-'78, included in Lake Superior ports.
Superior, Mich., 284 M ($4,194) in 1878-'79, included in Lake Superior ports.
160 EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, CLAPBOARDS, DEALS, JOISTS, ETC.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Northern frontier.

Years.
Detroit.
Miami [Toledo].
Sandusky.
Cuyahoga.

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
4,018
85, 300
$34, 486
105
$1,050
857, 980
1857-'58
27, 258
327, 810
1858-'59
728
8, 952
1859-'60
960
15, 975
1860-'61
1, 305
13, 050
1861-'62
7, 106
63, 036
1862-'63
5,382
53,820
1863-'64
1,854
34, 373
3,743
63, 912
4
$47
303
5,933
165
$3,716
13
170
11
110
191
3, 818
5
88
234
12, 361
1864-'65
1866-'67
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70 ...
1870-'71
1871-'72.
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
280
21, 388
400
18, 830
614
24, 356
155
6, 975
30
105
3,659
5
90
252
13, 855
24
378
417
22, 527
2
32
22
1,000
16
67
819
40, 669
101
3, 540
1, 213
56, 536
155
7,700
709
36, 988
225
12, 321
20
210
490
5, 008
10
185
1, 540
29, 295
447
20, 700
31
374
2, 160
22, 201
724
17, 570
15
165
40
566
2, 415
25.825
223
7,800
144
9, 086
Chicago, Ill.. 100 M ($2,500) in 1877–78.
Erie, Pa., 115 M ($3,450) în 1855-'56.
Michigan (Grand Haven), 2,590 M ($53,530) in 1875-'76; 2,038 M ($45,500) in 1877-'78; 1,647 M ($42,215)
in 1878-'79.
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Northern frontier.
Years.
Niagara.
Buffalo Creek.
Genesee [Roches-
ter].
Oswego.

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'50
3
$66
131
$2,887
53
1856-'57
52
1857-'58
31
1, 631
476
102
1, 831
12
26
548
92
1858-'59
34
739
33
1859-'60
21
185
1860-'61
10
*2*320
$3,762
502
$6, 659
122
103
1, 575
1,238
51
760
740
40
316
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'04
1864-'65.
120
2, 100
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
40
800
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
132
912
1
25
6, 110
121, 860
3
160
11
220
1
23
44
1,575
3
160
6
332
2
120
65
650
555
5
286
8
429
11
588
Cape Vincent, 56 M ($74), in 1856-'57; 16 M ($188) in 1857-'58.
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, SCANTLING, ETC. 161
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.

Northern frontier.

Oswegatchie (Og-Lake ports of New Champlain [Platts- Vermont [Burling-
densburgh].
York.
burgh].
M feet. Value. M feet. Value. M feet. Value.
ton].
M feet. Value.
947
$6, 631
Years.
1855-'56.
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-63
1863-'64
1864-'65
20
$390
126
$240
53
965
52
624
18
$553
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
1866-'67
8
120
102
3, 023
1867-'68
188
4, 050
3
30
1868-'69
110
4, 949
9
109
1869-'70
7
369
11
59
1870-'71
147
9, 169
1871-'72
218
13, 137
4
109
1872-73
111
6, 924
10
200
1873-'74
218
15, 464
8
240
102
1, 566
1874-75
440
28, 201
2
23
1875-76
70
4, 407
3
18
1870-'77
9
729
67
800
29
266
1877-78
3
22
1878-'79
45
305
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
General summary.

Years.
New England coast.
Middle Atlantic
coast.1
Southern Atlantic
Gulf coast.
coast.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1855-'56
43, 872 | $664, 219
31, 399
1856-'57
1857-'58
61, 053 779,776
3.5, 803
$624, 081
724, 248
35, 090 | $512, 540
111, 326 2, 611, 530
15,046
19, 211
$120, 993
79, 021 1,060, 435
253, 802
1858-59
37, 032
849, 231
54, 215
789, 444
-
70, 1811, 033, 023
20, 783
275, 255
40, 988
1859-'60
915, 140
47, 843
68, 577
775, 235
22, 954
997, 774
300, 782
33, 627
1860-'61
710, 825
38, 007
571, 972
19, 227
69, 514
274, 540
941, 071
1861-'62
34, 147
685, 680
19, 798
215, 450
75, 353
4,382
998, 886
72, 682
39,072
162-'63
819, 066
4
50
75, 709
858, 161
1863-'64
43, 907 1, 140, 763
1864-'65
72, 9131, 398, 888
91, 954 2, 415, 655
2, 315
34, 4151, 167, 302
32, 1971, 334, 922
303
3, 636
2,688
16
84, 201
119, 300
510
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

1866-'67
1867-'68
85, 990 1, 198, 894
37, 236
-340, 746
1868-'69
47, 664 1,039, 079
31, 311
797, 669
17, 631
543, 165
24, 102
49, 110
538, 203
924, 101
17, 492
17, 513
367, 270
1869-'70
16, 360
262, 658
510, 916
23, 532
29, 137
627, 351
520, 506
21, 711
1870-'71
25, 557
748, 083
373, 359
38, 336
20, 706
801, 650
1871-'72
421, 024
18, 521
18, 787
509, 061
335, 018
24, 975
49, 982
530,950
975, 995
44, 979
1872-'73
7, 613
508, 683
189, 437
34, 968
55, 191
781, 163
1,092, 796
21, 014
1873-'74
20, 257
359, 616
730, 568
37, 391
80, 113
661, 252
|1, 520, 600
72, 267
1874-75
17, 565
682, 583
607, 638
56, 610
71, 472
961, 681
1,386, 230
49, 747
1875-'76
31, 596
735, 052
816, 455
65, 802
52, 508
858, 429
932, 602
48, 299
1876-'77
19, 431
454, 500
738, 905
63, 290
57, 662
872, 176
918, 657
63,677
1877-'78
53, 053
1,554, 430
912, 605
46,095
642, 728
74, 2931, 115, 168
66, 351
1878-'79
45, 398
912, 488
35, 248
528, 685
46, 409
891,660
$32, 635
76, 450 1, 118, 039
64, 751
95, 082
1,271, 653
928, 693
61, 863
797, 920
1 From New England to Chesapeake Bay, inclusive.
11 FOR
162
EXPORTATION OF BOARDS, PLANK, SCANTLING, ETC.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
1267-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
(a.) Boards, Plank, and Scantling.
Years.
General summary.
Pacific coast.
Northern frontier.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
2, 361
$36, 963
5,759
$25, 541
813
13, 500
85, 645
8, 479
864, 103
154, 361
27,643
334, 783
10, 633
231, 548
.1, 101
16, 424
6, 070
12, 100
1, 187
20, 188
2, 311
51, 588
1,336
14,076
7, 686
132, 594
7,232
63, 276
8, 493
170, 907
5, 435
54, 785
8,370
187, 538
1, 929
35, 788
27, 951
384, 183
4, 097
78, 373
(b.) Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.
17, 814
249, 443
2,397
62, 893
20, 509
285, 839
990
36, 411
23, 6:35
323, 023
2,828
39, 412
32, 427
464, 899
2, 320
41, 335
35, 586
439, 940
8,464
192, 744
49, 401
660, 030
2, 390
108, 851
42, 479
607, 388
6, 468
184, 450
49, 809
636, 748
5, 721
137, 306
24, 589
328, 727
10, 247
171, 145
33, 387
453, 038
12, 449
173, 389
39, 666
496, 213
13, 273
212, 461
36, 391
353, 550
13, 092
201, 071
53,478
688, 396
11, 056
149, 403
4.-EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.'
(a.) General Summary of Values, 1801-'02 to 1862-'63.

Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1801-'02
$102, 751
1817-'18
1833-'34
1802-'03
$192, 098
1849-'50
67, 102
1818-'19
$107, 827
1834-'35
247, 032
1850-'51
1803-'04
55, 924
·
205, 190
1819-'20
1835-'36
195, 188
1851-'52
1804-'05
53, 380
123, 522
1820-'21
$90, 521
1836-'37
251, 083
1852-'53
1805-'06
68, 531
123, 743
1821-'22
92, 733
1837-'38
267, 131
1853-'54
1806-'07
90,469
16.5, 178
1822-'23
128, 525
1838-'39
327, 687
1854-'55
1807-'08
21, 740
677, 659
1823-'24
206, 949
1839-'40
270, 933
1855-'56
1808-'09
55, 081
1824-'25
803, 684
168, 952
1840-'41
266, 175
1850-'57
1809-'10
86, 505
638, 406
1825-'26
167, 709
1841-'42
253, 931
1857-'58
1810-'11
125, 330
1826-'27
1, 240, 425
144, 548
1842-'43
211, 111
1858-'59
1811-'12
115, 003
1827-'18
182, 303
1, 001, 216
1843-'44
326, 945
1859-'60
1812-'13
·
6, 979
1828-'29
126, 575
1844-'45
369, 505
1860-'61
1813-'14
2, 673
705, 119
441, 979
1829-'30
148, 257
1845-'46
324, 979
1861-'62
1814-'15
77, 647
1, 162, 7:3
1830-31
214, 105
1846-'47
342, 781
1862-'63
1815-'16
311, 212
1831-'32
1. 121, 387
188, 008
1847-'48
283, 433
1816-'17
165, 751
1832-'33
249, 036
1848-'49
60, 344
1 The items preceding this, and included in the term "otherwise specified," are "staves and heading,"
"shingles,' " "boards, plank, &c.," and "hewn timber."
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
163
Years.
(b.) Exportation of other¹ Lumber by Countries (Values), 1821-'22 to 1853-'54.


Denmark
Argentine Republic and
Buenos Ayres.
Austria (Trieste, &c.).
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Republic of S. A.
Chili.
China.
Cisplatine Republic.
Colombia.
Denmark.
Danish West Indies.
Total.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Total Franco.
and Danish Col-
onies.
France and
French Colonies.


France.
1821-'22.
$1, 231
1822-'23.
163
1823-'24.
232
1824-'25.
$1, 030
60
$270
$7, 265 $7, 265
4,935 4, 935
6, 342 6, 342
3, 951 3, 951
$172
$145 $145
632
804
90
951 1, 041
1825-'26
1, 238
321 $330
479
10, 931 10, 931
787 787
1826-'27
1,071 773
$284
807
7,018
7, 018 7, 018
977 977
1827-'28.
402
1, 441
89
$489
2, 837
7,902 7, 902
45
3, 250
3, 295
1828-'29.
2, 352
95
254
283
2,980 2,980
262
7,948 8, 210
1829-'30...
710
423
553
8, 020
8, 0202, 248
7, 728
9,976
1830-'31.
1, 294
1, 042
30
102
70
6, 943
6, 943 729
3,008 3,737
1831-'32.
499
1781, 875
389
7, 372 7, 372, 1, 792
1,792
1832-'33.
3,585
$1, 121
1, 324|
410 1,402
235
1833-'34.
5, 609
$21
78 751 441
503
179 $375 15, 683,16, 058
5, 222 5, 222 180
266
7, 353
7, 533
3, 348
3, 614
1834-'35
8,756
268 3,335
991
1835-$36.
3, 443
120
429 1, 818
73
1836-'37.
2, 505
1, 405
960
1837-'38.
700
246
820
400
1838-'39.
803
200
349 131
1839-'40.
230 264
892 167
546
1840-'41.
196.
316 522
155
1841-'42.
300 1,620
1842-'43.
853
25 170
150
250
1843-'44.
684 2,548 80 173
1844-'45
26/1, 690
1, 092
244
1845-'46.
1, 158
885 1,214
1846-'47.
146
280
599
1847-'48
270
742
96 117
1848-'49.
1, 254
-
1, 384
4, 057 1, 000
1849-'50.
1830-'51...
1851-'52..
5, 7141, 334 2, 624
7, 497 1, 828 3,990
3, 1262, 440
129
2, 114
1802-'53.
1, 202
975
25
467
292 178
241, 038 75
634 759 150 250 62
772 988
19, 298
177
612
1833-'54.
15, 947,15, 947
12, 452:12, 452
|14, 81714, 817
4112, 547|12, 588
15, 808 15, 808
3, 529 3, 529
20 3, 265 3, 285
532 13, 31013, 842
264 28, 346 28, 610
300 9, 763 10, 063
10, 380 10, 380
2,269 2, 269 2, 104 3, 653 5,757
-
2,120 2, 120
2,921 2, 921 50
41 2, 077 2, 1181,
1,385 1, 385
1, 993 1,993
99 66
¹ The items to be understood in this term are "Staves and Heading,"
and Scantling," and "Hewn Timber."
4,547 4, 547
5,547 5, 597
261 12, 328 13, 589
298 7, 684 7, 982
4022, 04022, 080
993 27, 099 28, 092
925 7, 807 8, 732
410 2, 645 18, 213|20, 858
2, 86223, 79626, 658
3, 600 12, 709 16, 309
299 4, 54913, 93018, 479
711 2, 344 34, 680 37, 024
"Shingles," "Boards, Plank,
85
787
333
2, 118
18
·
$60
1, 584
3, 020 3,020
280
70
3, 0002, 680
777
9
777
9
166
344
·
299
711
164
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
Years.
(b.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.—Continued.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
French West Indies.
French Guiana.
Miquelon, St. Pierre,
etc. (fisheries).
Total France and French
Colonies.
Germany (Hanse towns and other
England.
German ports).
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.
British Colonies.


Gibraltar.
Cape of Good Hope.
Mauritius and Bour-
bon.¹
1821-'22
$25, 538
$25, 683
1822-'23
$50
23, 914
$5, 978
$5, 978
23, 914
50
1823-'24
2,492
25, 960
2,492
$22
26, 764
6×7
1824-'25
25, 377
29, 474
$152 $147
25, 676
660
234, 853
$140
560
1825-'26
37, 129 1, 970
799
28, 436
39, 898
116
29, 223
2,613
20, 351
1826-'27
5, 159
24, 241
954
26, 464|
65
25, 218
315
4,736
300
112
1827-'28
5, 148
27
26, 210
29, 505 1, 073
1828-'29
3, 274
87
3, 361
250
22,826
31, 036
808
1829-'30
1, 621
68
281
11, 919
1,970
157
21, 895 2,593|
1830-'31
1, 411
54
17, 322
1, 465
21, 059 1,716
4, 605
12
1831-'32
22, 608
4, 617
250
24. 400 476
1832-'33
2, 405
178
21, 668
2,583
29, 2014, 209
2, 909
62
1833-'34
2, 971
15, 597
5 $128
19, 211
6, 037
1834-'35
6, 037
·
13, 582
13, 582 2, 903
1,714
1835-'36
1, 714
43
8,826
8,826 605
17, 163
1836-'37
11, 606
17, 163
821
14, 891 4, 795
1837-'38
9, 065
9, 065
8, 816
22, 658
300
3, 639
1838-'30
11, 340
3, 639
94
500
39, 950 4, 015
13, 108
461
1839-'40
13, 569
310
61
9, 798
19, 861 2,059
8, 664
1840-'41
8, 664
100
3,395 $624
$32
14, 341
3, 511
6, 546
6, 546
14
1841-'42
4, 489
231
10, 477 5, 264
4, 666
4, 666
1842-'43
3, 377
7,924
6, 808
25
1843-'44
6, 833
310
•
4, 721
85
49
10, 452 1,344
6, 539
1844-'45
6, 539
4, 479
18, 068
709
9, 977
9, 977
200
1845-'46
28, 195
-
35, 177 1,098
22, 506
22, 506
1846-'47
125
159
1
128
322, 633 1, 698
6, 888
1, 948
8,836
29
1847-'48
165
1848-49
241
1849-'50
48
144 28, 401| 4, 032|
8, 973 1,928
107 21, 01314, 999
122, 036
50
8, 871
130, 957
16,044|
962 172
17, 178
12, 076 2, 632
14, 708
97
92
1850-'51
26, 658|27, 542|
1851-'52
761
17, 070 13, 258
19, 723
28,858
2, 125
21, 848
98
58
100
28, 958
61
1852-'53
4, 681
130
1853-'54.
23, 290 7, 548
37, 024
7, 351
26, 223
7, 351
925 27, 148
1 The French colony of Bourbon (Réunion) was reported with Mauritius for many years,
2 Includes $4,338 for French African ports, not included in preceding columns.
3 Includes $266 for Bourbon, not included in the preceding columns.
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
165
Years.
British East Indies.
Australia.
British American
Colonies.
Canada.
(b.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
British West Indies.
British Guiana.
Total British Colo-
nies.¹
Total Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch East Indies.
Dutch West Indies.
Dutch Guiana.
Total Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
1821-'22
$650
$1, 891
$5, 004
$7, 595 $13, 573 $1, 893
1822-'23.
6, 138
13, 861
20, 021
1823-'24. 118
36, 330
27, 876
65, 181
22, 513 1,793 $2,373
90, 857 1, 712
$50 $4, 870
122, 7, 041
$4, 920
9, 536
4, 239
98
8, 286
12, 623
1824-'25
485
7, 516
18, 530
226, 752
66, 650
507
5,294
5, 801
1825-'26
149
4, 943
16, 829
21, 986
48, 450
1,806
2, 694
7, 297
9, 991
1826-'27
450
4, 473
7, 819
12, 769
17, 917
1,099
435
216
6, 214
6, 865
1827-'28
1,223
668
2, 141
5, 502
339
3,087 137
4, 406
7,630
1828-'29
-
5, 110
5, 267
7,237
162 3, 826
3,283
7, 109
1829-'30
-
17, 480
17, 480
18, 945
690 3,636
3, 484
7, 120
1830-'31
1831-'32
467
297
23, 874
3, 217
27, 808
32, 425| 1, 660| 2,783| 100,
6, 204
9, 087
5, 675
10, 524
16, 496
19, 079 2, 579|
4, 510
4, 510
1832-'33.
8, 367
10,968
19, 468
22, 439 2, 9041, 479
1833-'34.
673 $2,001
4, 153
7,997
6, 288
$31
14, 316
20, 353
2, 153
200
1, 269
541 2,010
1834-'35.
16, 561
13, 908
93
30, 605
32, 319
2, 198
245
2, 156
1835-'36
258 2,659
9,803
12, 105
38
22, 767
39, 930
762
2, 330
1836-'37
15, 099
16, 339
834
32, 272
32, 272
41, 337
948
1, 880
1837-'38. 2,500
2, 009
7,998
23, 653
100
34, 845
38, 484
2, 350
3, 768
1838-'39
1839-'40
·
5, 002
30, 712
36, 085
49, 654
4, 789| 3,669
11, 274
26, 462
37,836
46,500 1, 536| 1, 388|
1840-'41
8, 764
25, 325
34, 103
40, 549
721 173
1841-'42
227
972
20, 604
21, 803
26, 469)
750 693
1842-'43
1, 025
2,294
15, 856
18, 460
25, 293
262
900
1843-'44
25, 671
10, 898
319
36, 888
43, 427
648
1, 213
1844-'45
10, 528
6, 363
340
17, 431
27, 408
805
875
1845-'46
•
2,095
10, 753
5, 268
16, 146
38, 652
38
1846-'47
1, 085
10, 701
1,907
70
12, 707
21, 543
17
903
1847-'48.
172
3,034 2, 100, 7, 464
744 4, 633
1,048 1, 172 5,988
200 874, 4, 743
401 3, 211 3,785
1, 718
900
1, 213
1,292 2,377
257 2,509, 3, 669
1,388
2,970
1,677
5,833
47
7,729 138, 686
192
612
393
1848-'49
70 1,075
600
4,853 $1, 192
619
40
7,304
24, 482|
148 2,894
5
1849-'50
2, 899
2,068 972
380
3, 641
18, 349
259 6,558
372
1850-'51.
480
6, 930
1, 177 2, 812
500
5, 125
26,973
19, 414
1851-'52.
763
19, 414
1,786 302
127
3, 437
1852-'53. 1, 342 $5, 149
32, 395
384 6,081
6, 081
6, 934 582
730
14, 737
22, 088
915
685
1853-'54
665
1,350
80 2, 514
7, 282|| 4, 235
3,586 3, 600 21, 297
48, 445
4,577
314
4, 891
¹ Malta reported with Italy before 1849-'50. In that year $32, and in the second year after $388 are
given separately for Malta, and are included in the total of British Colonies.
2 Includes $73 for Newfoundland, not given in the preceding columns.
1
166
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
4
Years.
Italy and Malta: Sardinia.
Mexico.
New Grenada.
(b.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.-Continued.


Portugal and Portuguese
Possessions.
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Peru.
Portugal.
Cape de Verde Isl-
ands.
Fayal and other
Azores.
Madeira.
Total Portugal and
Portuguese Posses-
sions.
Russia.
Sandwich Islands.
Sicily.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Spain.
Spain.

1821-'22..
1822-23..
1823-24.. $225
$82
$30 $112
16
237
253
$940
342
139 1,421
$11
1824-'25.. 222
$396
304
301
1825-26..
50
365
422
415 837
1826-'27..
3, 283
7
102
91
200
$35
$40
$40
3
38
1827-'28..
3, 308
31
512
543
+
192
192
1828-29..
3, 021
127
24
151
2, 101
2, 101
1829-'30..
280
2,421
79
25
5
109
2, 005
55 | 2,060
1830-31..
96
4, 354
50
781
831
1831-32..
12, 945
$115 $4,751
75
15 4, 841
12
12
1832-'33..
19, 188
200
200
1833-'34..
145 10, 711
139
49
21
209
1834-35..
17, 860
97
1,273 1,370
1835-36..
7,040
1836-37.
4, 279
511
415 192
1, 118
$180
-
1837-'38..
56 700
756
1838-'39..
1,940
1,260
1,260
150
1839-'40.. 120
482
41 843 21
289
1, 194
367
1840-'41..
2,507
391
391
1841-'42..
2, 749
$52
1842-'43..
2, 336
18
726
744
1843-'44..1, 900 3,747
35
35
1844-'45..
9, 166
202
202
252
252
1845-'46..
668
118
118
1846-'47.. 351
390
650
1847-'48.. 161
285
285 2,358
1, 235
1848-'49..
69
72 55
127
278
1, 235
278
1849-'50..
31
466
362
31
393
1850-'51.. 221
1,304 44, 004
150
72
222
1851-'52.. 116
145
3, 443
93
93
250
50 1,500 1,550
116 5, 818 5, 934
1852-53..1, 063
1853-'54.. 988
6, 959
930
150
321
471 1,485
4,370
338
17
947
$370
911
4,370
911
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
167
Years.
(b.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.—Continued.

Sweden
and
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Colonies.
Countries stated
indefinitely.

Teneriffo and the
Canaries.
Cuba.
Other Spanish West
Indies.
Spanish - American
Colonies.
Total Spanish Colo-
nies.
Spanish Colonies.
Total Spain and Spanish
Colonics.
Sweden and Norway.
Swedish West Indies.
Texas (Republic of).
Turkey and the Levant.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Africa.
South America.
West Indies.
1821-22..
1822-23..
$25, 385 $1, 736 $3, 927 $31, 048 $31, 048
$1, 656
$31 55, 4152, 6:4 1, 658
59, 7:8
59, 728
1823-24..
26 5, 989 2, 398 2, 438
57, 771
57, 811
$50
1824-25..
44, 934 1,002
45, 936
45, 936
728
1,383
1, 254
18 5-126..
49, 3072, 376
41
356
1826-27..
686 69, 485 2, 208
1, 732
99, 071 2, 249
9, 801
5,023
$64
$5, 008
4, 913
42
6, 270
29 $1,668
5, 808
8, 387
6,270
1833-'34..
·
1840-'41.
1841-42..
1842-43..
151, 050 18, 369
1843-'44..
234, 088 20, 695
1827-'28..
1828-'29.
56, 941 2, 335
1829-'0.. 40 62, 018
1830-231..2, 046 111, 834
520 98,431
1831-'32..
1832-33.. 314 99, 403 8, 102
2 98, 699 8, 194
1834-'C5..
117, 110 9, 083
1835-236.. 2, 285 93, 565| 7, 960
1836-37..
1837-'38..
1838-39.
1839-'40..
|129, 72412, 342
838 147, 584|15, 758]
154, 42820, 572
125, G34|C0, 254
168, 27924, 913,
176, 225 23, 192
51, 683 51, 683
72, 379 72, 417
101, 320,101, 512
59, 276 61, 377
70, 445 72, 505
120, 150 120, 150
98, 951 98, 963
107, 819 108, 019
106, 895'106, 895
126, 193 126, 193
103, 810 103, 810
|142, 06142, 066|
164, 180 164, 180
175, 000 175, 000
185, 388 185, 388
193, 192 193, 192
199, 417 199, 417
169, 419169, 419
254, 783 254, 783
130 11, 203!
2, 454
-
92
3, 036 1, 332
4, 561
225 2,318
3, 005
287 9, 643
3, 666
270
·
3,076
$159
75
3, 058!
40, 000.
245
10, 756
5,771
1,221
12
552
140
150 2,601
964
138
75
801
86
59
120 1,885
-
2,067 $9, 020
150
2,687
1, 195 15, 882
399
2,010
2,753,12, 267
$25
881
2, 801
1, 724
120 440
15 4, 136
801
2231, 558
70
229
568
173
514
150
279
1,297
780
8
1844-45..
249, 60451, 111
300, 715300, 967
442
580|1, 383
750
1845-'46..
|179, 547 57, 388
236, 935 236, 935
3,088
555 515
116
1846-47..
275 267, 517 15, 836
283, 628 283, 628)
200
465 519
1847-48..
1848-49..
86, 934 9, 864
13, 778
96, 798j 98, 033|
398
238
14, 016 14, 294
280
301
1849-'50.. 729 29,168
190
30, 087 31, 637|
200!
64
233
1850-'51..
37, 816 1,429
39, 245 39, 245]
60
1851-52..
100| 35, 099
1,302
1852-53..
1853-'54..
42, 946
21,976
6,089
972
53, 405
22, 948 23,859
36, 501 42, 435
49, 035
13 859
$139
6
406
1, 225
25
168
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
1854-'55...
1855-'56.
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
Years.
Total Great Bri-
tain.
Years.
Atlantic ports.
France.
Years.
Argentine Re-
public.
Belgium.
(c.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries (Values), 1854-'55 to 1860-'61.
Brazil.
Central
public.
Re-
1854-'55
1855-56
·
1856-'57
1857-58
$25, 090
7,585
2, 561
$2,715
9, 834
6,270
$3,825
$22, 334
$17,039
3,080
$1, 437
11, 732
24, 293
3,670
17, 107
$277
14, 406
75
1, 185
1858-'59
9, 477
723
1,555
$2,000
22, 031
17, 634
1859-'60
1, 981
25, 622
22, 930
2 4, 564
147
1, 463
21, 002
713
17,998
1860-'61
16, 581
12, 832
1,287
2,252
1, 188
2, 317
5, 254
7, 641
3,269
1,800
6, 121
6, 314
1, 534
Mediterranean
ports.
Total France.
French Afri-
can ports.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
French West
Indies.
1854-'55
1855-'56
$175, 453
98,557
$71, 370 $246, 823
$165
18, 199
1856-'57
116, 756
$600
$164
238
116, 829
36
25, 410
173
1857-'58
142, 239
174
76
54, 760
19, 723
848
1858-'59
74, 483
$929
447
1,098
30, 490
12, 979
879
1859-'60
30, 490
1, 608
15, 466
$300
5, 482
41, 552
1, 819
2, 448
1860-'61
43, 371
56
8, 230
11, 783
9, 764
12, 113
23, 896
5, 246
15, 066
250
887
72
5, 393
6, 602
Germany.
Years.
Great Britain and British
Colonies.
Great Britain.
1854-'55
$247, 752
1855-'56
117, 203
$15, 639
18, 252
1856-'57
$910
1, 464
$16, 549
$41, 874
143, 337
19,716
8, 812
76, 986
1857-'58
706
$140
$8,878
665
87, 949
9, 518
2, 330
1858-'59
11, 555
98, 723
38, 720
$3,580
3, 007
6, 965
17, 465
9, 232
50, 260
1859-'60
1,728
878
58, 437
10, 960
12, 410
1,000
186, 528
1860-'61
7,642
6, 389
25, 725
30, 498
8, 642
7,787
93, 524
1,056
1, 007
756
9, 599
101, 770
79, 751
31, 004
Gibraltar.
Malta.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
British Afri-
can ports.
1 Except "Staves and Headings," "Shingles," "Boards, Plank, and Scantling," and "Hewn Timber."
2 Includes $93 for Denmark.
$50, 752
$4,311
77, 791
397
108, 697
$238
3,578
3,088
$5, 760
$55, 519
$6,663
12, 531
21, 660
14, 816
63, 548
14, 265
$1,991
9, 06:5
870
37, 934
2, 187
929
218, 642
140
749
9, 818
48, 470
72, 429
5, 449
196, 301
110,755
12, 393
366
30, 615
50
20, 158
23, 799
8, 530
1, 470
8, 494
11, 980
950
19, 024
27, 155
5,906
12, 138
5, 437
Scotland.
Ireland.
French Guiana.
French North
American
ports.
Total French
Colonies.
Chili.
China.
Danish West
Indies.
Ecuador.
1



EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
169
Years.
Dutch West
Indies.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
British West
Indies.
British Hon-
duras.
(c.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
British Guiana.
Total Colonies.
1854-'55
$1,773
$745
1855-'56
$77,000
4, 027
166
1856-'57
$600
66, 840
$127, 752
144, 631
$663
$1,236
3, 085
2,284
1, 004
55
1857-'58
61, 746
170, 441
1, 208
16, 744
24, 104 $1,270
70, 590
2, 097
836
156, 853
1858-'59
230, 401
1, 331
17, 648
14, 570
3, 899
741
1859-'60
110,002
328, 644
5, 821
2,938
25, 390
387
750
1860-'61
74, 581
270, 885
6, 449
3, 491
499
60, 004
170, 759
1,980
3,020
616
Dutch Guiana.
Total.
Sardinia.
1854-'55
$887
$600
1855-'56...
196
4, 135
$5,723
29, 705
$473
1856-'57
51
70, 641
$473
$1, 196
2,390
1857-'58
1, 891
153
16, 614
1858-'59
1,577
233
$6,039
20, 922
6, 272
5, 890
$25, 042
198
47, 541
3, 549
3, 521
1859-'60
480
480
776
5,581
3, 796
1860-'61
1,375
30, 650
109
2,585
32, 025
3,310
1, 665
23, 021
23, 024
572
Two Sicilies.
Years.
New Gran-
ada.
Peru.
Portugal.
Azores.
Cape de
Verde Isl-
Madeira.
Total.
ands.
1854-'55
1855-'56
$3,855
6, 050
$5, 330
1, 972
$348
$128
$47
41
$46
46
360
1856-'57
2,256
90
1, 182
153
1857-'58
$523
493
1, 425
3,014
9, 242
17, 915
682
653
1,731
20, 481
1858-'59
2, 465
2,000
3, 814
437
60
1859-'60
4,311
2, 155
42
400
1, 900
154
421
1860-'61
2,875
3, 189
3,870
346
185
747
1,279
Years.
Russia.
Russian
America.
San Domin- Sandwich
Spain.
go.
Islands.
Atlantic
ports.
Mediterran-
ean ports.
Total.
1854-'55
$12
$126
$13, 081
1855-'56
$9,599
1856-'57
4,830
11, 144
$17,435
16,711
$27,034
$2,450
27, 855
35
3, 574
1857-'58
8, 661
140
8, 661
15, 052
1858-'59
2, 820
11, 290
5, 894
17, 184
13, 070
1859-'60
2,398
8, 483
1,250
10, 881
1,034
1860-'61
18, 309
10, 170
650
28, 479
786
6, 345
5,828
12, 173
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Italy.
Austrian Italy.
Total.
Mexico.
Total Great Britain
and Colonies.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch East Indies.
170
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
Years.
(c.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.—Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.

Spanish Colonies.
Sweden and
Norway.
Total.
Canary Isl-
ands.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Philippine
Islands.
Total.
1854-'55
$1, 681
1855-'56
$134, 080
$1,415
$400
1, 140
$137, 576
351, 285
$191, 644
1856-'57
12, 361
13, 042
138, 464
364, 786
420, 496
1857-'58
6, 432
2,274
157, 938
611, 502
175, 200
1858-'59
65, 745
11, 149
679, 521
360, 128
713, 889
1859-'60
90, 339
389
219, 609
461, 616
1860-'01
18, 982
483, 378
$170
100
266
239, 080
129, 417
296, 038
9, 111
138, 794
163, 140
Turkish Possessions.
Years.
Uruguay. Venezuela.
Turkey in
in Africa.
Other ports ands in the
Other Isl-
Whale fish.
eries.
Pacific.
Asia.
Egypt.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
$10, 225
2,259
$4, 193
1,799
797
1857-'58
12, 120
1858-'59
1, 468
1859-'60
$100
3, 479
1860-'61
$2,000
300
11, 013
4, 764
$321
9, 039
$11, 919
11, 729
190
12, 264
1, 543
3, 158
818
951
7,322
General summary by coasts and grand
divisions.
$3,156
16, 763
252
12
Europe.
Years.
African
ports.
Atlantic
Islands,
Spanish
Asia,
Austral-
Mediter-
ranean
Continental
and Portu-
asia, &c.
West In.
dies.
ports.
Atlantic
ports.
ports on
guese.
Baltic and
North seas.
Total.
1854-'55
$89, 278
$240, 463
1855-'56
$23,500
$353, 240
34, 910
$4, 431
187, 930
53, 654
1856-'57
276, 494
5, 377
40, 343
225, 614
$1,856
1,592
$71, 799
$140, 546
64, 584
88, 828
371, 915
354, 785
1857-'58
15, 208
73, 158
147, 883
14, 377
48, 877
32, 203
150, 117
1858-'59
253, 244
11, 153
11, 063
255, 344
5,340
110, 691
18, 869
714, 663
1859-'60
285, 276
10, 088
47, 543
11, 646
74, 651
256, 928
13, 625
487, 257
318, 096
1860-'01
41, 265
3, 214
130, 699
2, 864
22, 378
12, 053
282, 315
184, 017
8, 522
1, 199
39, 375
150, 273
South America.
Years.
Mexico and Other North
Atlantic
ports.
Pacific
ports.
Total.
Central
America.
American
ports.
Whalo fish-
eries.
Total.
1854-'55
$44,195
$27, 664
1855-'56
$71, 859
$1, 941
23, 745
15, 704
$8,830
1856-'57
39, 449
3, 456
9, 466
24, 054
14, 406
$3,156
16, 763
$677, 659
1857-'58
23, 872
803, 684
7,171
32, 934
3,999
26, 876
1858-'59
59, 810
638, 406
5, 646
53, 252
23, 002
79, 626
252
1859-'60
76, 254
1, 240, 435
9, 627
34, 006
46, 405
12
2, 294
1860-'61
36, 300
22, 764
3, 702
36, 250
9,990
32, 754
2, 871
22, 968
1, 001, 216
703, 119
441, 979
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
(d.) Exportation of other Lumber¹ by Countries, 1861-'62 to 1863–64.
[Condensed headings: Values.]
171
Countries.
Argentine Republic
Belgium.
Brazil..
Central America.
Chili
French Colonies
China and Japan
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
Franco
Germany
Great Britain...
British Possessions in Africa and Mediterranean
British East Indies and Australia
British West Indies and Central and South America.
Canada and other British North America..
Hayti and San Domingo.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Italy
Liberia and other ports of Africa.
Mexico..
New Grenada and Venezuela
Peru and Ecuador
Portugal and Colonies
Sandwich Islands
Spain and Canary Islands
Spanish West Indies
Sweden, Norway, and Swedish West Indies
Uruguay
Other Islands in Pacific
1861-62.
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
$17,274
$6, 211
6, 374
16, 451
$137, 581
140
12, 179
3, 765
18,793
100
1, 897
1, 116
102
1, 544
1, 527
3,622
2,076
108
21, 901
25, 700
817
14, 001
22, 261
20, 714
5, 612
6, 208
1, 975
900
12, 223
2,212
323, 148
95, 937
319, 906
7,672
3.735
15, 325
26, 023
7,797
58, 863
39, 420
18, 038
19, 481
3,826
14, 782
11, 513
7, 349
2, 256
7,701
901
30, 067
32,698
12, 246
6, 335
10,882
2, 528
637
1, 400
1, 208
10,975
23, 230
3,999
20, 301
17, 477
400
8, 964
3, 702
863
15, 623
5,030
730
8,077
100
3, 590
652, 266
766, 917
58, 080
788
13, 400
43, 049
2,500
743
Total
1, 162, 753 1, 121, 387 829, 786
1 Besides "Boards, Plank, and Scantling" and "Timber, Hewn and other." In 1863-'64, "Laths and
Pickets," and "Box Shooks" are also specified before "other lumber."
Years.
(e.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, 1864-'65 to 1878-'79 (Values).

France and French Colonies.
1864-'65 $209, 886 $51, 994
1865-66 160, 999 || 29, 968
1866-'67 326, 046|| 28, 543
1867-'68 367, 333|| 29, 699
$48, 017 $2, 463
61, 733 9, 960
40, 512
43, 888
$41, 458
9, 134
9, 525
$15, 694
5, 581
$13, 028
$61, 585 $4, 277 $65, 862
$894 $1, 800
33, 276
33, 276
6, 567
22, 396
43, 090, 2, 340
41, 108
45, 430
1,466 8, 330
900
42,008
446 1,507
38, 918
42, 397
4,767
32, 601
32, 601
1868-'69 137, 225 108, 567|| 57,026
1869-'70 46, 688 19, 800 5,999
48, 903
28, 977
14, 578
29,696
5, 226
680
85
5, 666
300 2,918
10,
10, 221
270
1870-'71 8, 230|||| 49, 168
15,303
453
1,215
351
220
1871-'72 9, 482
228
15, 301 2, 170
1, 984
1872-'73 24, 111
696 2,330
10, 550| 1, 356
2, 648
523
1873-'74 1,880 16, 270
412
769
95
1874-'75 11, 420
574
365
280
1,595
1, 581
7,253
1875-'76
38, 424
1876-77 8,0.8
2,022
22
7, 015
1877-'78
1878-'79
18, 167 35, 632
23, 183 13, 669
65 4,932
3,600 4,767
11,110 5, 698
951
7,540
461
2, 791
7, 594
466
1, 895
228
41, 568
212
2, 071
12, 552
3, 301
Years.
Years.
172
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
(e.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c-Continued.

France and
French Colonies.
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Great Britain.
Gibraltar.
Canada.
Other British North Amer.
ica
1864-'65 1$1, 870
$70, 426
$72, 082
1865-'66
2583
55,809
100, 431
1866-'67
1340
44, 301
75, 880
$15 845
7,950
16 526
$87, 927 $487, 336 $55, 796 $12, 634 $555, 766 $1, 766 $28, 412 $21, 350
108, 381| 200, 288 1, 180 10, 094 211, 562 4, 603 26, 625 17, 907
92,406
189, 534
1867-'68
35, 819
70,020
2,372
72, 392
73,019
6, 040
5, 629
5, 161| 200, 735
2, 149
841
79, 489
611
2, 008
16,676
1, 728
1868-'69
9,109
897
40, 814
21, 289
770
322, 559
16, 872
225
17,097
1,444
20, 123
811
1869-'70
547
6, 483
75, 015
75, 015
13, 698
13, 698
692
14, 288
367
1870-'71
63
511
41, 050
19, 580
40
16, 620
1,050;
41, 484|
12
1871-'72
100
2, 748
240 63, 795
180
1872-'73
1, 294
2, 391
1873-'74
460
100
28, 755
142
142
110
5, 265
100
5, 365
1874-'75
7, 253
14, 022
11, 763
2, 439
56, 700
70, 902
1875-'76
2,791
5,484
55, 010
4, C90
59, 700
1876-'77
7,594
11, 624
434, 522
41, 128
60,000
535, 650
1877-'78
229 42, 009
7,075 158, 267| 37, 987
1,776
198, 030
1878-'79
3, 301
87, 992 192, 174 31, 096
73
223, 343
467
•
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Australasia.
1864-'65
1865-'66
$535
564
$52, 984 $9, 426 | $7, 004
$41, 704
$12, 211
1866-'67
41, 049
$120, 287
5, 211
8,737
30
1867-'68
44, 161
9, 254
2, 618
7,843
21, 245
42, 746
184, 362
3, 336
1868-'69
42, 642
134, 188-
9, 893
790
1869-'70
$82, 781
1870-'71
13,872
1, 863
14, 914
111, 749
101, 270
1871-'72
1872-'73 $99, 197
1873-'74 55, 052
1874-'75
21, 200
$567
6, 551
11, 447
50
1875-'76 25, 521
20
1876-'77 14, 658
1,095
1877-'76
150
454
451
14, 348
1878-'79 1, 020
147
686
221, 606
3, 167
3, 323
601
2,279
9, 259
16, 262
26, 905
5, 270
416
40
17, 635
695
4, 701
8, 662
7,998
640
39, 547
200
19, 476
20, 342
73, 551
4, 434
14, 234
5, 009
121, 259
1,379
7, 368
5, 251
13, 342
1, 891
11, 354
22, 849
Austria, $4,100 in 1864-'65. Denmark, $1,147 in 1867-'68. Malta, $788 in 1866-'67. Greenland, $146 in
1866-'67. Newfoundland and Colonies, $46 in 1878-'79.
1 French Possessions in Africa.
2Of this $283 was for French Guiana, the rest for French Possessions in Africa.
³Includes $500 for Prussia.
4North Germany.
Not included under the heading of "Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Planks, Joists, and Scantling," or
"Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-Sticks, Broom-Handles, and Bed-Slats," or "Shingles," or "Box-
Shooks, or "other Shooks. Staves, and Heading," or "Hogsheads and Barrels, empty."
17
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER
OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
173
Years.
Years.
(e.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain
and British Col-
onies.
Total British
Colonies.
Total
Great
Britain and
Colonies.
Hayti.
Hayti and San Domin-
go.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Holland.
Dutch West
Indies.
Dutch East
Indies.
Total Holland
and Colonies.
Italy.¹
Japan.
1864-'65.$295, 679
$851, 445
$37, 376
1865-'66.. 339, 647 551, 209
27, 036
$3,907
8,790
$17, 579
$21, 486
$8, 795
$6, 163
2, 811
$5,250
16, 851
7,910
1866-67.. 220, 717
3, 523
421, 452)
13, 749
200
3, 149
3, 349
$18
1867-'68.. 193, 333
3, 366
272, 822
11, 146
47,849
3, 375
5,000
56, 224
519
1868-169.. 221, 343
15, 934
238, 440
$3, 252
4, 608
240
1869-'70 ..
4,848
100
466
46, 854
60, 552
3, 390
346
633
979
332
1870-'71
51, 678
68, 298
1, 219
1,622
399
850
2,871
200
380
1871-'72..
72, 655
72, 655
7,232
74
74
12, 575
136
1872-73.. 109, 137
109, 279
22
3,907
3, 907
1873-'74 ..
71, 920
77, 285
30
480
116
96
480
1874-75..
82, 143
153, 045
1,727
1,727
582
1875-'76.
155, 372
220, 556
5, 908
1, 329
7,237
130
1876-77.. 187, 594
723, 244
4,094
545
1, 543
2,088
541
1877-78..
43, 532
241, 562
8,466
-
24, 211
720
24, 931
308
1878-'79 ..
40
189
60, 066
283, 409
4, 646
1, 189
2, 028
3,217
690
400
2,241
Portugal
Mexico.
Peru.
and Posses-
sions.
Portugal.
Portuguese Pos-
sessions.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spain (Atlantic).
Spain (Mediter.
ranean).
Total Spain.
1865-'66..
1864-'65..$180, 169 $21, 157 $344 $260
29, 353
66,035,41, 838
$546
$2,912
2, 768
4,369 $5, 683
1866-'67. 11, 444
54, 538
$8, 816 $140, 821 $27, 849 $3, 654
5, 683
96, 036 24, 204 14, 018
321 1, 566
117
1867-'68.. 20, 465
48, 477
1,099
556
1868-'69 18, 042
642 6, 183 $10, 986
500
17, 169
120, 727
10,733 8, 555
400
400
112, 024
69,756
11, 690 12, 117
525
2,466
28, 522
47, 992
1869-'70.
6, 873
15, 63620, 693
90,
90,528
86
189
564
1870-'71..
38, 290
5, 551
458
1, 175
61, 389
420
672
7,663
1871-'72.
1, 012
150
1,229
225, 261 4, 000
193
2, 331
1,790
1872-73.
28, 140
3, 535
255
1, 679
40, 240
821
228
1873-'74 ..
31, 256
309
2, 010
1874-'75 .. 4, 586
33, 650
588
618
1,983
198
1875-76..
390
6, 262
4,372
3, 784
2,357
214
1876-'77.
4,326
7,550
1877-'78.. 8, 628
3,943
1, 562
950 309
2,215
8, 550
21, 201
18, 049
1, 921 4,700
1878-79.. 10, 632
7,780, 1, 975 2, 682
2, 064
5, 850
14, 665
22, 218
48, 502
8,968 4, 182
17, 380
2, 035
90,465
34, 523| 5, 176
in 1878-'79.
¹ Sicily, $-
in 1865-'66, and $1,500 in 1867-'68, not included in this column.
Sweden and Norway, $280 in 1877-'78; $1, 524 in 1878-'79. Russia on the Baltic and White Seas, $280
1
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Canary Islands,
&c.
Liberia.
174
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
Years.
(e.) Exportation of other Lumber by Countries, &c.—Continued.

Years.
Spain
and Span-
ish Colo-
nies.
Total.
Turkey and Pos-
sessions.
United States of
Colombia.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Other countries
in Africa.
1864-'65
1865-'66
$181, 140
(¹)
139, 941
$166, 755 $13, 235
1866-'67
$950
(1)
33, 235
157, 184
9, 064 | $4, 061
$4,061
1867-'68
$44, 028
$885
10, 667
46, 836
$2, 067, 957
1, 439, 346
9, 117
136, 231
5, 131
1868-'69
5, 147 | 70, 936
1, 378, 713
107, 240
493
112, 843
7,845
1869-'70
50, 091
1,397, 268
84, 425
1, 510
44, 863
1870-'71
9, 425
4, 296
1, 058, 221
55, 956
8, 825
2, 069
150
300
369, 010
1871-'72
4, 450
16, 789
49, 168
33, 720
50
1872-'73
5, 770
242, 474
22, 532
460
33, 494
1873-'74
15❘ 14, 381
427, 240
4, 014
183
1874-'75
34, 856
2, 053
249, 872
1875-'76
10, 629
1, 720
4, 057
476, 816
5, 637
15, 513
15
21, 201
235, 984
1876-'77
.814
16, 762
24, 670
2,049
1877-'78
7,455
321, 790
9, 458
3,809
83, 870
1878-'79
10, 254
846, 410
1, 190
6, 861
132, 199
10, 026
29, 069
520, 454
4,345
187
65
680, 068
Swedish West Indies, $33 in 1865-'66. Nicaragua, $7,022 in 1866-'67; $3,779 in 1867-'68.
New Grenada, $2,463 in 1864-'65; $42,021 in 1865-'66.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Mediterranean
ports.
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
- -
-
$17, 172
11,680
12, 674
$619, 461 | $143, 828 | $789, 277
306, 776
$49, 737
$151, 989
147, 139
$3, 654
465, 595
$291, 983
15 727
250, 496
253, 145
121, 149
14, 018
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73...
384, 319
208, 834
31, 307
1, 900
112, 701
171, 460
151, 087
10, 121
265, 688
216, 536
25, 942
100
165, 312
21, 316
135, 234
13, 216
214, 868
189, 118
14, 914
14,476
133, 179
20, 896
260
41, 602
164, 479
332
500
18, 509
18, 884
51,840
71, 069
62, 172
5, 270
12, 625
2, 217
4, 240
18, 655
552
13, 460
9, 016
352
100
1873-'74.
1, 203
42, 497
5, 454
10, 839
45, 505
1874-'75
51, 054
38, 370
400
-
1, 582
70, 902
8, 094
14, 022
1875-'76
93, 789
37, 028
15, 513
5, 848
62, 700
618
13, 414
1876-'77
78, 905
12, 544
21, 525
535, 670
94, 698
19, 184
1877-'78..
1878-'79..
562, 448
38, 792
21, 037
308
134, 818
198,980
67, 198
130, 984
32, 256
7,557
690
225, 785
106, 654
33, 298
3, 094
347, 705
83, 508
13, 782
40, 629
7,658
162, 208
1 Includes, besides the preceding colonies, Spain and France, in years when the coasts were not
separately reported.
West Indies.
Other islands
and ports.
General total.

EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
175
Years.
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
·
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
Passama.
quoddy.
•
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions-Continued.
South America.
Years.
Atlantic
ports.
Pacific
ports.
Total.
Mexico, Cen-
tral Amer-
ica, &c.
Other ports
of North
Amorica.

$476, 146
$62, 615
$538, 761
316, 072
$192, 058
75, 169
$51, 191
391, 241
44, 524
469, 757
64, 063
533, 820
590, 680
27, 720
87,395
46, 562
4,358
678, 075
330, 277
34, 132
26, 085
118,659
448, 935
18, 042
122, 137
95, 754
20, 934
217, 891
93, 940
6, 873
14, 655
62, 604
156, 544
53, 545
1, 628
225, 261
41, 851
278, 806
43, 390
3, 399
51, 090
03, 975
94, 480
6, 933
4, 009
769
99, 764
7,702
721
37, 267
3,578
61, 603
40, 845
56, 200
4,866
4, 735
32, 697
60, 935
28, 865
4,394
15, 090
25, 541
43, 955
41, 451
9, 258
4,409
15,753
45, 860
79, 624
13, 395
9, 675
89, 299
1, 055
18, 592
(f.) Exportation of other Lumber by Districts, 1855-56 to 1878–79 (Value).
1,853
Machias.
Penobscot.
Belfast.
Maine.




Bangor.
Bath.
Portland and
Falmouth.
1855-'56.
1856-'57...
1857-'58.
$4, 692
1, 014
$501
200
$196
293
$56
10, 213
3,800
300
1,372
1858-'59
2,210
1,308
1859-'60.
502
1,007
$3,516
9, 681
37, 021
$56, 042 $120,
33, 782
575
84, 167
$185, 578
139, 350
33, 559
59, 200
135, 754
6, 738
11, 798
3,478
23, 061
120
3,840
132
50, 757
1860-'61
2,370
281
58, 327
105
35, 377
1861-'62
64, 460
102, 593
1862-'63
84, 627
545, 339
67, 216
1803-'04
680, 591
3, 679
582, 189
1864-'65..
28, 970
141, 228
808, 903
455
714
1866-'67
655
84, 935
151, 742
1,069
1807-'68
1868-'09
1869-'70
•
1870-'71
1, 333
966
3, 348
526
70, 032
115, 074
•
12
38, 021
71, 756
3, 605
39, 354
•
15, 249
21, 018
4, 583
1871-'72
305
39, 615
1872-'73
12, 575
12, 575
94
1873-'74..
7,585
1, 186
1874-75
7,585
1, 186
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
222
1877-'78
1878-'79...
1,500
299
125
1, 826
322
737
125
Tho quantities reported collectively in 1862-'63 and 1863-'64 from ports other than Passamaquoddy
and Portland are included in the total column.
Wiscasset reported $326 in 1875-'76; $211 in 1876-'77; $438 in 1877-'78.
Total Maine.
176
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
Years.
Philadelphia.
Pa. Del.
Years.
Salem.
Nowburyport.
Boston.
(f.) Exportation of other Lumber by Districts, &c.—Continued.

Gloucester.
Fall River.
Mass.
Now Bedford.
Total Mass.
1855-'56.
1856-'57.
1857-'58.
1858-'59.
$78
$89
$243, 572
$1, 401
673 1,063
$245, 140
69,208 $550
2, 054
$90
73, 638
$1,446 $368
6, 213
$55, 724
-
2, 474
31, 497
37, 222
837
60
34, 868 $420
8, 427
252
40, 620
743, 429
773
1839-'60.
41, 393
7,702
12
13, 250
533, 951
762
48
1860-'61.
14, 060
260, 797
46, 098
214
1861-'62.
46, 312
40
2, 650
44, 675
160, 843
1862-'63.
45, 867 2, 464
167, 233
6, 790
1863-'64.
6, 904 7, 039
236, 247
32, 160
1804-'65.
32, 430
887
53, 580 4, 168
58, 635
60
1866-'07.
14, 476
25
613, 220
1,800, 528
1867-'68.
14, 501
60
1, 184, 173
525
70
595
1868-'69.
90
625
6, 746
269
1,156, 480
167
1869-'70.
7, 538
798
150
740, 492
4,387
1870-'71.
4,537
9
30
130, 606
880
880
1871-'72.
27
129, 450
1872-'73.
130, 234
2, 827
1873-'74.
2,827
60
65
240
78, 146
305 300
240
48
1874-75.
57, 911
1875-'76..
1,000
198, 528
•
1876-'77
269, 116
1877-'78.
770, 678
1878-'79..
411, 709
154
601, 220
Delaware.
Baltimore.
Md.
Virginia ports.
Charleston.
Va. S. C.
Savannah.
Fernandina.
Ga
1855-'56..
1856-'57.
1857-'58.
$3,185
$723 $9,830
1, 257
797
2,587
$5, 633 $13, 375 $19, 985
5, 416 11, 925
$205
$405
8, 059
3,000
1858-'59
15, 694
124, 904
3, 561
2,869
$1,520 | $14, 500
7,624
1859-'60.
17,963
138, 746
167
9, 882
1, 188
3, 392
6, 926
28, 186
15, 830
15, 537
$200
51, 258
3, 550
85, 383
1860-'61.
14, 338
55, 620
3, 330 4, 675
48, 555
1861-'62.
2, 612 17, 128
23, 220 16,000
4, 582
1802-'63.
47, 014
9, 500
1863-'64...
1,809
6, 685
1864-'65
11, 974
38, 226
1866-'67
1867-'68.
1,006
980
136
1868-'69... 15, 380
28
400
75 | 60, 441
1, 538 165, 106
1869-'70...
186, 856
1, 105
22, 030
15, 249
1870-'71
90, 610
305
13, 892
3,250
1871-'72... 3, 559
4, 713
1872-'73.
1, 792
4, 400
50
14, 549
6, 803
1873-'74.
8,745
2, 960
1,200
1874-75..
27, 116
1,600
1875-'76
966
1876-'77...
1877-'78
1878-79..
625
740
1,389
3, 771
6, 094
7, 421
250
19, 153
38, 529
16, 782
69
11, 306
40
16
3
7,206
800
28, 335
75
Edgartown, $33 in 1859-'60. Newport, $1,719 in 1859-'60; $160 in 1873-'74. Bristol, $606 in 1868-'69.
Fairfield, $500 in 1858-'59. Ports of Connecticut, $255 in 1863-64. Perth Amboy, $323 in 1860-'61. Pam-
lico, N. C., $1,600 in 1862-'63; $564 in 1876-77; $1,384 in 1877-'78. Beaufort, N. O., $1,248 in 1862-'63 ;
$308 in 1867-'68. Wilmington, N. O., $2,000 in 1858-'59. Beaufort, S. O., $1,248 in 1862-'63. Saint
Mary's, Ga., $3,700 in 1871-'72; $2,440 in 1878-'79. Saint Mark's, Fla., $2,840 in 1873-'74.
Saint John's.
Key West.
Pensacola.
Fla.
Apalachicola.
Providence.
New Haven.
R. I.
New London.
Conn.
N. Y.
New York.
EXPORTATION OF LUMBER
LUMBER NOT SPECIFIED.
177
(f.) Exportation of other Lumber by Districts, &c.-Continued.


Alabama. Louisiana Texas. Pacific Coast.
Northern frontier.
Years.
Mobile.
New
Orleans.
Ports of San Fran-
Texas. cisco.
Ports of
Oregon
and
Washing.
ton Ter-
ritory.
Detroit. Buffalo. Oswego
Gene- Ver-
see.
mont.
1855-'56.
$128, 938
$48, 264
$25, 604
1856-'57..
$323
219, 367
$64, 309
46, 244
46, 247
542
1857-'58.
88, 601
5, 401
$740
49, 103
40, 414
1858-'59
58, 110
36, 530
25,055
59, 287
$5,470 $160
1859-'60..
32, 542
37, 138
20,000
$158
16, 975
325
1860-'61 ...
345
57
437
600
133
80
1861-'62
400
1862-'63
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
-
•
9, 460
2, 620
2, 093
1, 907
8,710
10, 405
9, 985
1866-'67
5, 063 | 25,000
615
60
3, 760
912
1867-'68.
1, 539
300
237
69
150
15, 019
1868-'69
15, 631
-
47, 145
$226
19, 086
559
1869-70...
12, 756
9, 484
190
80, 988
12
1870-'71.
7,793
49
231
15
360
58,100
1871-'72.
31, 431
4, 202
373
197, 233
1872-'73
59, 410
717
218
3, 565
768
41, 879
1873-'74
96, 163
3, 728
1, 546
1874-'75.
54, 767
105
70
110
561
1875-'76...
2, 200
20, 101
1, 166
239
1876-'77
9, 684
214❘ 19, 134
184
24, 803
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
2, 523
14, 069
27, 892
27, 478
14, 986
1,628
23, 459
28
144
88
85
84
General Summary.


Years.
New Eng-
land Coast.
Other
Atlantic
Coast.
Gulf
Coast.
Pacific
Coast.
Northern
frontier.
1855-'56
1856-'57
$432, 532
$105, 880
$144, 958
219, 201
$73, 868
$323
1857-'58
70, 861
298, 226
92, 711
1858-59
179, 721
1,282
787, 645
109, 832
1859-'60
72, 168
89,517
63, 740
694, 143
116, 593
91, 829
1860-'61
72, 387
20, 158
509, 778
103, 347
325
57
151,595
1861-'62
250, 541
782
600
213
1862-'63
115, 547
211, 035
400
596, 132
2, 093
1863-'64
292, 761
9, 460,
1864-'65
841, 333
1, 907
621, 714
2, 620,
19, 115
1866-'67
210, 437
1, 850, 728
15, 048
1867-'68
129, 635
25, 932
66, 675
1868-'69.
72,310
4, 672
1, 323, 288
1,908
150
15, 019
15, 631
1869-'70
47, 690
964, 958
47, 371
19, 645
1870-'71
9, 159
12, 756
240, 820
9, 674
1871-'72
40, 522
81,000
8,073
148, 360
375
58,100
1872-'73
12, 575
148, 342
31, 431
4, 575
197, 233
1873-'74.
10, 472
60, 345
92, 391
5, 533
1874-75.
2, 079
41, 879
98, 332
97, 709
5, 393
1875-'76
1,000
213, 033
55, 052
866
1876-'77
1,826
290, 574
20, 101
239
214
1877-'78..
533
792, 420
19, 818
11, 009
27, 626
1878-'79.
737
462, 985
14, 649
28, 695
27,478
279
144
639, 076
10, 014
23, 479
350
Chicago, $50 in 1878-79. Pearl River, $1,184 in 1868-'69; $1,256 in 1876-'77. Duluth, $99 in 1874-75;
$1,036 in 1875-'76; $552 in 1876-77; $6 in 1877-78; $43 in 1878-79. Minnesota (Pembina), $60 in 1861-'62,
and $4,667 in 1875-'76. Huron, $308 in 1867-'68; $470 in 1871-'72; $1,338 in 1872-'73; and $670 in 1878-'79.
Miami, $125 in 1855-'56, and $160 in 1868-'69. Cuyahoga, $3,825 in 1858-'59; $2,500 in 1864-'65; $26,497 in
1863-'64; and $9 in 1876-'77. Erie, Pa., $100 in 1866–'67. San Diego, $150 in 1874-'75; $300 in 1876–'77; and
$365 in 1877-78. Niagara, $3,091 in 1856; $905 in 1856-'57; and $8,689 in 1857-'58. Cape Vincent, $11,925
in 1860-'61. Oswegatchie, $3 in 1868-'69; $347 in 1869–70; and $2,317 in 1870-'71. Lake ports of New York,
$40 in 1861-'62, and $1,910 in 1863-'64. Champlain, $1,229 in 1855-'56; $446 in 1870-'71; $150 in 1872–73;
and $500 in 1875-'76. Teché, La., $20 in 1878--179.
12 FOR
178 EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
III. LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-Sticks, Broom-Handles, and Bed-Slats, by
Foreign Countries, quantities (thousands) and values annually from 1868-69 to
1878-79.
2. Exportation of Laths and Pickets, by Districts, values annually, 1863-'64 to 1867-68
(condensed headings).
3. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-Sticks, Broom-Handles, and Bed-Slats,
by Districts, values annually from 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, Curtain-Sticks, Broom-Handles, and Bed-Slats, by
Countries.
[Quantities and Values.]
Argentine Re-
public.
Brazil.
Central Ameri-
can States.
Chili.
China.
Years.


M. Value.
M. Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
39
34 $397
624
103
$466
4
$22
50 $100
448
2,363
442
1, 141
1870-'71
37
99
266
665
1871-'72
1
14
5
$70
1872-'73
203
363
1873-'74
67
106
264
403
1874-'75
83
409
179
315
1875-'76
1876-'77
30
62
1877-'78
79
249
1878-'79
40
175
104
355
Years.
France and French Colonies.
France.
French Possessions All other French
in America.
Possessions.
Total.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
11
$50
19
$268
30
$318
1869-'70
1
10
1
10
1870-'71
27
155
27
155
1871-'72
20
85
10
161
30
246
1872-'73
10
28
10
28
·
1873-'74
17
$44
1874-75
1
1875-'76
-
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
6
58
6
58
15
18
47
153
62
173
EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
179
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.
Years.
England.
Ireland.
Total Great
Britain.
Canada.
Other British
Possessions in
North America.
M.
Value.
M. Value.
M. Value.
M. Value.
M. Value.
1868-'69
108
$500
108
$500
150
$350
92
$232
1869-'70
20
$75
20
75
57
122
184
577
1870-'71
100
200
100
200
347
663
45
268
1871-'72
2
32
2
32
412
964
130
460
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
-
1876-'77
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79..
106
1, 420
106
1, 420
902
+
•
5,030
51
506
953
5, 536
•
1, 444
4, 557
17
27
1, 461
4, 584
466
2, 636
466
2, 636
501
2,262
36
36
557
2, 338
73
133
26
343
99
476
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Quebec, Onta-
rio, &c.
Nova Scotia,
New Brunsw'k,
&c.
British Colum-
bia.
British West In-
dies and Hon-
duras.
British Posses-
sions in Africa.

M. Value.
M. Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
•
·
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74.
-
1874-'75
- •
1875-76..
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
585
781
1,072
634
$1,886
3, 427
2, 037
1,588
50
$125
791
1, 303
458
780
598
1, 060
220
$748
15
$60
84
274
34
151
342
1, 160
25
75
36
145
20
60
10
$20
14
95
45
136
123
245
70
322
20
45
The
15
30
21
83
95
273
121
428
171
509
180
374
178
974
75
288
262
454
14
42
414
627
84
533
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Total Great
Hayti.
[Holland] Dutch
West Indies.
Years.
British Aus- Total British
tralasia.¹
Britain and
British Col-
onies.
Colonies.
M.
Value.
M. Value. M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'60
1870-'71
1871-'72
1, 632
4, 764
2, 914 1, 308
2,536
4, 453 $18, 778 4, 940 $20, 168 5, 048
6, 459 | 31, 856 | 6, 818 | 32, 979 6, 838
891
|
$5, 548
6, 913
3,920 1, 408
1,608
7,4182, 538
2,570
65
$842
1872-'73
1,481
6, 011 2, 207
8, 3232, 207
2, 207
60
725
$10
1873-'74
3, 531
13, 312 4, 525
17, 351 4, 631
6, 051
1874-'75
3,981
11, 292 | 5, 184
|
13, 715 | 6, 137 | 11, 671
170
585
1875-'76
2,815
8, 286 | 3,741
9, 807 | 5, 202 | 10, 391
1876-'77
2, 148
7, 1623, 372
10, 1013, 838 | 12, 737
1877-'78..
1, 261
2, 8931, 981
1878-'79
2, 383
6, 926 3, 493
5, 127 9, 538
9, 1883, 592
7, 465
9, 664
1 From 1869 to 1871 headed "Australia, New Zealand, &c."
180 EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
·
*
·
1878-'79.
Years.
M.
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, &c.—Continued.


Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Japan.
Liberia.
Mexico.
Peru.
Portuguese Russia
Colonies. (Asiatic)
San Do-
mingo.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
10
$40
200
$21
247 $460
163 $579
20
81
5
75
6
20
2
4
5
108
4
30
20
$65
12 38
61
152
4 $26
20
•
$30
11
95
10
20
117
207
9
27
121
256
66
166
290
538
6
87
75
187 145
319
2
3
32
56 10
50
Sandwich
Islands.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Total Spain
Spain.
Porto
Spanish Pos-
and Spanish
Cuba.
sions in Af-
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Rico.
Colonies.
rica.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
1868-'69
1869-'70
155 $1,010
56❘ $183
56
$183
56
$183
118
422
"
6
$21
6
21
6
21
1870-'71
221
452
4
26
1871-'72 ..
352
1, 373
1872-'73
65
500
20 $50
864
120
12
146
12
146
79
6
79
6
79
20
26
$48
30
68
50
118
1873-'74
157
464
116 1, 686
25
100
141
1,786
141
1,786
1874-'75.
54
119
5
20
5
20
5
20
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
181
401
9
127
30
-
30
39
157
. 39
157
418
947
19
240
172
470
7
200
18 180
25
380
•
25
380
354
1, 545
110
610
165
332
275
942
275
942
Value.
All other coun-
Sweden and
Norway.
United States
of Colombia.
tries not else-
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
where speci-
fied.
Years.
M. Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value. M. Value.
M. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70.
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
4
$30
1
1874-'75
1875-'76..
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
14
$30 40
$271 2
$100 11
$112
25
71
414
27
200
37
298
22
27
540
19
297
44
198
•
•
31
310
300 1,800
10
76
5
41
M.
Value.
Value.
M.
Value.


EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER. 181
1. Exportation of Laths, Palings, &c.-Continued.

General summary by coasts and grand divisions.

Europe.
Years.
Africa.
Asia and Austral-
asia.
Atlantic ports.
Ports on Bal-
tic.
Total.
M.
Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69..
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
890929109
$500
108
$500
15
$60
4, 612
$19, 810
75
20
75
44
191
7,019
33, 419
200
100
200
25
75
1, 378
4, 031
32
28
82
20
60
1,984
6, 136
1872-'73
45
136
1, 566
6, 576
1873-'74
106
1, 420
123
1,464
20
45
3,952
14, 179
1874-'75
953
506
4
$30
957
537
95
273
4,319
11, 844
1875-'76
1, 461
4, 584
1, 461
4, 584
201
539
2, 996
8, 687
1876-'77
466
2,636
466
2,636
75
288
2,566
1877-78
8, 109
557
2, 338
557
2,338
1, 433
1878-'79
4,363
99
456
99
456
249
865
2, 851
8,876
South America.
Atlantic Isl-
Years.
ands (Span- West Indies.
ish port).
Atlantic ports.
Pacific ports.
Total.

M.
Value. M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
•
276
$931
77
$798
350
$926
427
$1,724
90
295
161
1, 163
448
2,363
609
3,526
1870-'71
354
1,306
43
119
43
119
1871-'72
107
1,096
28
214
28
214
1872-'73
78
850
2, 039
42, 540
203
363
2,242
42, 903
1873-'74 .
74
348
1,607
32, 979
128
258
1,735
33, 237
1874-'75
10
$20
312
2, 374
1, 410
27, 070
179
315
1, 589
27, 385
1875-'76
121
256 130
555
9
27
9
27
1876-'77
290
538 197
1, 214
331
2, 110
96
228
427
2, 339
1877-'78
145
319 269
654
10
76
154
436
164
512
1878-'79
32
56 524 1,237
40
175
40
175
1868-'69
1869-'70..
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-74.
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-77...
1877-'78
-
1878-'79
Years.
Mexico and Cen-
tral America.
Other North
American ports
and Islands.
Uncertain.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
2
$21
242
$582
284
$1,009
20
81
251
699
1
10
5
75
392
931
29
159
10
178
542
1, 424
10
161
4
30
645
2, 031
56
161
12
38
904
3, 672
25
100
94
504
1, 087
2, 067
44
198
117
207
634
1,588
6
58
971
1, 680
6
87
458
780
18
180
2
3
627
1, 120
47
153
182
EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
2. Exportation of Laths and Pickets, by Districts, from 1863-'64 to 1867-'68 (Values).

Districts.
1863-'64. 1864-'65. 1866-'67. 1867-'68.
Passamaquoddy, Me
Machias, Me..
Frenchman's Bay, Me
Castine, Me.
Bangor, Me
Belfast, Me
Bath, Me
Portland and Falmouth, Me.
Other ports of Maine..
Total Maine.
Boston and Charlestown, Mass.
New Bedford, Mass..
Bristol and Warren, R. I.
New London, Conn.
-
New Haven, Conn
New York, N. Y
Philadelphia, Pa
Baltimore, Md
Charleston, S. C …….
Saint John's, Fla..
Pensacola, Fla.
·
Mobile, Ala
New Orleans, La..
Brazos de Santiago, Tex
San Francisco, Cal.
Oregon and Washington Territory
Puget Sound, Wash
Michilimacinac, Mich….
Huron, Mich.
Detroit, Mich.
Vermont...
Total...
$2,450
$340
$107
$802
119
319
45
15
1, 699
546
1, 013
206
300
184
368
375
487
2, 102
4, 736
2,732
1, 328
2, 681
4, 786
12, 656
8, 169
6, 249
50
440
·
4
225
25
18, 081
5, 502
835
772
497
81
306
179
7
99
50
25
158
14
40
1, 882
48
100
212
· → ·
5,166
50
5, 144
2,947
1, 033
1,033
50
12
2
34, 648
27, 169
14, 169
12.457
EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
OTHER SMALL LUMBER. 183
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71...
1868-'60
1869-'70
1870-'71
-
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Years.
3. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickels, Curtain-Sticks, Broom-Handles, and Bcd-Slats,
by Districts, from 1868-69 to 1878-79 (Values).
Years.
1871-'72.
1872-'73
1873-'74
•
1871-'75
$20
1875-'76
161
1876-'77
198
1877-'78
159
1878-'79 ..
56
Me.
$887
$807
$1, 694 $7, 289
3
294
297
5, 094
$4
4
1,457
32
32
1,277
$230
251
481
3,711
1, 532
1, 532
3, 054
194❘ $150
4, 482
$934
5,710
9, 568
72
1,760
347
2, 179
3, 537
140
1, 976
336
494
2,946
2,986
1, 347
160 1,214
97
434
343
777❘ 1, 240
Mass.
Conn.
N. Y.
Pa.
Ma.
N. C.
S. C.
New Bedford.
New London.
New Haven.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Wilmington.
Georgetown.
$8
$13
$12, 048
24, 904
$3
122
$65
80
40
1,713
26
54
3, 062
239
2, 872
65
$30
4,814
81
645
1, 891
223
4,716 30
6
1,753
109
1,800
322
48
287
624
35
88
$100
Mass.



184 EXPORTATION OF LATHS AND OTHER SMALL LUMBER.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
·
1872-'73
·
1873-74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
·
•
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-77
1877-'78
-
·
-
1878-'79..
1868-'69
1869-'70.
1870-'71..
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
3. Exportation of Laths, Palings, Pickets, &c.—Continued.

Years.
Years.
Pearl River.
·
$13
1
$16
Years.
Exportation of Laths and Pickets in 1865-'66, $22,919.
S. C.
Ga.
Charleston.
Savannah.
$249
Brunswick.
Saint John's.
Fla.
Ala.
La.
Key West.
Pensacola.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
$75
80
50
$15
100
$1,450
$30 $44
$40
63
$4
857
004
87
103
2
240
177
46
200
2
5
145
106
3
Miss.
Tex.
Cal.
Oreg.
Wash.
Galveston.
Corpus Christi.
Brazos de Santiago.
San Francisco.
Willamette.
Oregon (Astoria).
Puget Sound.
$21 $1,208
1
881
75
512
$42
1,457
30
507
708 $136
69
$70
$1,675
6, 642
2, 058
1,689
713
6, 224
150
1,416
81 163
3, 850
318
573
4, 572
434
295
99
3, 843
1,403
7, 128
Minn.
Mich.
Ohio. N. Y.
$268
$334
72 $47
231 431
$16
$24, 637
$3
38, 294
1
6, 896
569
855
9, 356
1,772
114
453
$100
2,874
10, 345
22,382
1,629
$95
313
22, 535
1,545
43
16, 501
389
GO
14
16, 800
715
20
1,060
9, 233
13, 002
Ouyahoga district, $45 in 1877-78. Michigan district, $835 in 1876-'77; $45 in 1878-'79.
trict, $5 in 1876–77.
L.
Vermont dis-
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
185
Years.
IV. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
1. Exportation of Shingles annually, by Quantities (M), from 1789-'90 to 1877-78.
(a.) Quantity, annually, from 1789-'90 to 1853-54.
(b.) Quantity and Value annually, with average value per M, from 1854-'55 to
1878-79.
2. Exportation by Foreign Countries by quantities, annually, from 1820-21 to 1853-54.
3. Exportation by Foreign Countries by quantities and values, annually, from 1854-'55 to
1864-'65.
4. Exportation by Foreign Countries by Quantities and Values, annually, from 1868-69 to
1878-79, with general summary
5. Exportation by Districts, Quantities, and Values, annually, from 1855-56 to 1878-79,
with general summary.
1. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES, ANNUALLY, FROM 1789-'90 TO 1878-79.
(a.) By Quantity, annually, from 1789-'90 to 1853-54.
Years.
Thou-
sands.
Years.
Thou-
sands.
Years.
Thou-
sands.
Years.
Thou-
sands.
1789-'90
67, 331
1806-'07
76, 890
1823-'24
1790-'91
74, 206
1807-'08
17, 512
1824-'25..
1791-'92..
71, 638
1808-'09
38, 129
40, 959
34, 047
1825-'26
1792-'93
80, 813
71,991
1809-'10
43, 122
1826-'27
1793-'94
37, 696
27, 650
1810-'11
69, 097
1827-'28
1794-'95
51, 672
38, 939
1811-'12 ..
30, 327
1828-'29
1795-'96
47, 307
62, 459
1840-'41
1841-'42
1842-'43
1843-'44
1844-'45
1845-'46
37, 759
-
34, 050
-
20, 270
-
42, 615
·
60, 918
1812-'13 ..
-
10, 750
42, 093
1829-'30
1796-'97
51, 605
41, 175
1846-47
1813-14
38, 147
·
4, 196
1830-'31
1797-'98
50, 915
33, 122
1847-'48
1814-'15
·
25, 419
39, 743
1831-'32
1798-'99
58, 510
39, 123
1848-'49
1815-'16.
1799-1800..
78, 919
30, 277
1832-'33
76, 028
40, 956
1849-'50
1816-'17
88,813
32, 779
1833-'34
1800-'01
-
81, 044
37, 917
1850-'51
1817-'18
1801-'02
82, 110
1818-'19
1802-'03
66, 342
61, 652
34, 871
1834-35
39, 288
1851-'52
53, 405
1835-'36...
78,926
43, 604
1852-'53.
1819-'20
41, 932
-
1803-'04
68, 647
1836-'37
42, 108
-
75, 156
1853-'54
1820-'21
53, 583
26, 171
1804-'05
1837-'38
74, 854
1821-'22
36, 007
52, 183
1838-39
1805-'06.
82, 146
37, 569
1822-'23
40, 383
1839-'40
-
31, 359
Thousands.
(b.) By Quantity and Value, annually, with Average Value per M, from 1854-55 to
1878-'79.


Total value.
Average value
per thousand.
Years.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
36, 825 $143, 362
45, 173
166, 207
70, 646
$3 89
212, 805
3 01
1857-'58
195, 170
595, 451
3 04
1858-'59
57, 815
191, 531
3 31
1859-'60
41, 601
169, 546
4 07
1860-61
30, 078
108, 610
3 27
1861-'62
20, 118
67, 356
3 34
1862-'63
30,708
128, 993
4 20
1867-'68
3 69 1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-76..
31, 469
27, 342
$139, 519
$4 43
121, 809
4 45
28, 787
113, 431
3 94
•
23, 254
99, 268
4 69
27, 042
127, 338
4 78
33, 441
137, 359
4 18
-
28, 311
106, 291
3 82
40, 628
160, 925
3 96
1863-'64
33, 636
30, 344
137, 222
130, 847
3.89
4 52
1876-'77 ..
1864-'65
38, 327
33, 034
126, 632
3 30
173, 760
5 23
1877-'78
1865-'66
25, 480
46, 518
108, 248
154, 533
3 32
4 25
1878-'79..
1866-'67
29, 747
55, 858
152, 427
176, 514
3 16
5 13
Thousands.
Total value.
value
Average
per thousand.
186
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
1
2. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
[1820-'21 to 1853-'54.-Thousands.]

1820-'21
Years.
1821-'22
20
1822-'23
33
80
1823-'24
5, 241
2, 940
2,241
1824-'25
4, 014
21
274
244
1825-'26
12
1, 347
16
1826-'27
8, 944
25
1827-'28
1, 620
12
116
3, 866
539
1828-'29
50
14, 942
20
95
34
1829-'30
9, 731
118
64
432
1830-'31
10
5, 842
80
774
74
28
1831-'32
4, 548
10
855
24
1832-33 ...
4, 787
75
554
10
1833-'34
3,817
34
529
10
6
1834-'35
6, 110
16
27
684
45
35
1835-'36
4, 014
56
79
588
20
1836-'37
6, 923
14
575
216
1837-'38
5, 510
46
431
21
40
1838-'39
4, 770
10
145
333
10
1839-'40
5, 410
•
115
41
457
10
1840-'41
3,734
277 102
1841-'42
4, 587
344
85
135
257
150
162
1842-'43
2,030
-
160
160
7
1843-'44
1, 556
195
596
20
1844-'45
2, 185
777
174
88
120
1845-'46
4, 029
102
92
42
20
1846-'47
3, 043
328
30
20
1847-'48
3, 279
166
179
208
1848-'49
1,740
1,308
78
10
60
10
1849-'50
2, 888
2, 917
510
35
576
49
1850-'51
2,363
1,062
35
311
1851-'52
2, 677
2, 032
564
54
248
6, 072
1852-'53
481
47
137
50
1853-'54
3,805
43
32
255
3
2,241
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
187
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries-Continued.
France.
France and French Colonies.

French Colonies.
Years.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
French Afri-
can ports.
Bourbon.
French West
Indies.
French Guiana.
Miquelon and
French Fish.
ories.
Total France and
French Colonies.
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-23
1823-'24
1824-25
15, 816
15, 816
17, 615
-
3
5, 532
7,408
1825-'26
10, 242
→
1826-'27
17, 413
17, 615
5, 535
7,408
10, 242
17,413
78
1827-'28
13, 761
13, 839
1828-'29
17, 155
17, 155
1829-'30
21, 354
21, 354
·
1830-'31
14, 981
14, 981
1831-'32
6, 665
6, 665
17
1832-'33
3, 156
3, 173
1833-'34
9, 335
9, 335
168
1834-'35
8,754
8,922
1835-'36
8,379
8, 379
-
1836-'37
6, 087
6, 087
·
1837-'38
7, 225
7, 225
58
1838-'39
6, 435
6, 493
1839-'40
6, 954
16
6, 970
1840-'41
6, 525
6, 525
1841-'42
6,880
40
6, 920
15
1842-'43
8, 674
85
8,774
1843-'44
10
5,594
20
285
5, 899
·
1844-'45
1845-'46
100
9, 290
160
9, 450
-
45
75
8, 573
8, 618
-
1846-'47
1847-'48
1848-'49
·
1, 716
1,716
24
5, 511
5, 535
152
4, 042
70
4, 112
1849-'50
-
1850-51
1851-'52
1852-'53
153
2,716
2, 716
5, 975
5,975
6, 743
20
6,763
8, 930
8, 930
1853-'54.
8, 914
8, 914
196
3, 879
4, 075
188
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries-Continued.
Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Germany (Hanse Towns).
England.
Scotland.
British Colonies.


Ireland.
Total Great
Britain.
Gibraltar.
British Afri-
can ports.
Cape of Good
Hope.
British East
Indies.
1820-'21.
1821-'22.
1822-'23.
1823-24.
1824-25.
1825-'26.
1826-27.
1827-'28.
1828-'29.
1829-'30...
1830-'31..
1831-'32.
1832-'33.
1833-'34.
1834-'35.
1835-'36..
1836-'37.
1837-'38.
1838-'39.
1839-'40..
1840-'41.
1841-'42...
1842-'43.
1843-'44.
1844-'45.
1845-'46.
1846-'47...
1847-'48..
1848-'49.
1849-'50.
1850-'51.
1851-'52..
1852-'53...
1853-'54.
·
•
•
181
41
80
5
185
5
185
320
17
95
95
70
70
15
20
75
6
10
24
146
146
265
125
307
110
10
100
25
25
150
200
100
104
104
110
10
78
100
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
189
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23
1823-'24
1824-'25
1825-'26
1826-'27
1827-'28
1828-'29
1829-'30
1830-'31
1831-'32
1832-'33
·
1833-'34
1834-'35
1835-'36
1836-'37
1837-'68
1838-'39
1839-'40
1840-'41
1841-'42
1842-'43.
1843-'44
1844-'45.
1845-'46
-
1846-'47
1847-'48
1848-'49
1849-'50 .
1850-'51
1851-'52
1852-'53
1853-'54
-
•
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.

British Colonies.
Years.
Australia.
Mauritius and
Bourbon.
British West
Indies.
British Guiana.
British Ameri-
can Colonies.
Canada.
Other British
Colonies.
Total Great Britain
and British Colonies.

4, 483
4,568
28
9, 079
3, 092
4, 061
229
8, 323
15, 447
293
4
15, 824
14, 239
195
12
14, 446
16, 513
562
17, 080
26, 442
185
27, 132
5, 201
1, 158
6, 376
674
1, 065
1, 834
100
1, 886
2,056
2, 528
2,543
8, 572
1, 213
9, 880
15,469
738
25
16, 232
50
13, 912
1, 177
15, 139
7,325
805
5, 892
6
1, 142
13, 730
28
1, 005
13, 386
2,367
8, 292
21
1, 574
54
70
7,916
1,855
6, 459
2, 129
8, 136
7,040
14, 773
15,753
9, 911
10, 041
8, 588
100
9,996
2,665
135
9, 214
934
13, 026
10, 283
7,017
89
7, 106
19, 459
155
161
19, 775
33, 094
157
431
33, 807
20, 992
221
687
22, 207
18, 685
40
529
19, 364
19, 852
155
775
20, 892
14, 802
20
530
97
15, 624
11, 872
494 1,008
13, 674
14, 417
149 387
15, 057
20, 596
150
52
166
50
21, 127
17, 339
14
259
363
18, 063
8,396
2
121
300
8, 919
190.
}
:
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries—Continued.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Hayti.
Italy.
peachy.
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23
1823-'24
8, 704
1, 428
1, 428
1,897
11, 156
40
1, 848
1, 888
698
-
8, 822
327
327
1, 205
5, 681
286
1824-'25
286
483
+
5, 996
287
1825-'26
287
351
7, 669
833
1826-'27
833
·
3, 410
880
1827-'28
880
4,989
541
1828-'29
541
20
4,800
1829-'30
1,282
1,282
-
2, 844
525
1830-'31
525
C01
4, 270
728
1831-'32
728
699
6, 722
68
1832-'33
68
63
5, 410
124
333
1833-'34
457
558
-
4, 721
295
1834-'35
295
407
8, 974
177
1835-'36
177
412
3,200
310
1836-'37
310
379
2,990
378
378
1837-'38
437
1, 924
408
1838-'39
408
192
2, 538
371
11
382
1839-'40
742
2, 601
416
140
1840-'41
556
375
2,727
25
25
1841-42
822
2, 853
221
10
1842-'43
231
490
1,292
92
92
1843-'44
797
2, 286
113
4
117
1844-'45
842
1,792
356
356
1845-'46
727
2, 433
40
40
1846-'47
1, 198
2, 744
42
1847-'48
42
745
-
2,909
236
236
1848-'49
1, 337
984
295
41
336
932
1849-'50
1, 290
40
40
1850-'51
546
2, 603
276
1851-'52
276
392
4,876
79
79
972
1852-'53
2, 409
110
110
695
1853-'54
4, 110
18
125
143
642
15
·


EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
191
Years.
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries-Continued.
Portugal and Portuguese Pos-
sessions.
Mexico.
Morocco, &c.
New Grenada.
Peru.
Portugal.
Cape de Verde
Islands.
Fayal and
other Azores.
Madeira.
Total.
Russia.
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23
1823-'24
1824-'25
..
-
138
4 142
52
44
96
171
171
161
161
82
20
143
143
1825-'26
1826-'27
1827-'28
1828-'29
1829-'30
·
1830-'31
1831-'32
1832-'33
1833-'34
1834-'35
531
160
40
52
252
77
240
18
258
204
334
68
402
150
195
61 138
394
110
285
285
322
283
283
1, 356
203
15
218
807
73
73
715
234
234
1, 383
254
50
304
1835-'36
604
-
5, 693
88
5, 781
1836-'37
1837-'38
772
-
160
225
225
1838-'39
142
50
302
302
30
1839-'40
155
85
85
1840-'41
426
172
10
182
1841-'42
211
18
265
265
1842-'43
75
25
95
88
12
195
1843-'44
846
216
216
1844-'45
338
30
313
2
158
158
1845-'46
431
27
27
1846-'47
140
1847-'48
411
20
211
50
261
1848-'49
467
11
100
100
1849-'50
292
180
31
1850-'51
467
1, 046
96
96
1851-'52
277
621
132
25
157
1852-'53..
266
618
43
110
29
139
1853-'54.
124
552
40
130
130
192
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
1820-'21
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries—Continued.

Years.
Spain.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Teneriffe and
other Canaries.
Cuba.
Spanish Colonies.
Other Spanish
West Indies.
Manilla and
Philippine
Islands.
Spanish Amer-
ican Colonies.
Total.
1821-'22
44
3, 751
1, 139
1822-'23
14
4, 341
1, 394
599595
5, 029
5, 804
1823-'24
2
2,457
2, 165
4, 624
1824-'25
2, 202
1, 145
373
3, 720
1825-'26
2,830
794
3, 624
1826-'27
4,588
571
5, 159
1827-'28
8
2,648
1, 115
•
10
3, 771
1828-29
25
3, 482
1,282
4, 799
1829-'30
36
13, 869
1,275
15, 180
1830-'31
25
6, 205
1,938
8, 168
1831-'32
3,237
358
3,595
1832-'33
2, 939
803
3, 742
1833-'34
4, 794
1, 449
6, 243
1834-'35
3, 203
2, 801
6, 004
1835-'36
1, 447
3, 495
4, 942
1836-'37
3.946
?
4, 193
8, 139
1837-'38
2, 671
1, 914
1838-'39
2
4, 585
2
4,367
1, 808
6, 179
1839-'40
3, 158
2,237
5, 395
1840-'41
1,740
2, 639
29
4, 408
1841-'42
2, 199
3, 570
5,769
1842-'43
1, 777
4, 042
5
5, 824
1843-'44
1, 043
956
38
2,037
1844-'45
1, 676
1,889
3, 565
1845-'46
200
3, 495
2, 226
5, 921
1846-'47
1, 225
2,286
3, 511
1847-'48
3
1, 812
2, 549
4,364
1848-'49
1, 506
2, 942
4, 448
1849-'50.
1, 052
803
1, 855
1850-'51
1, 169
1,282
2, 451
1851-'52
616
1,738
2, 354
1852-'53
175
737
3,535
4, 447
1853-'54
524
2,081
2, 605
591
1,792
2,383
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
193
Years.
2. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries-Continued.

Sweden and
colonies.
Country stated indefinitely.
Sweden and
Norway.
Swedish West
Indies.
Texas (Republic of).

Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Africa.
Asia.
Europe.
North West
Coast.
South
Amer-
ica.
South Seas.
West Indies.
1820-'21
4,820
50
1, 377
1821-'22
3, 408
413
1822-'23
1, 088
25
408
1823-'24
1, 247
60
618
1824-25
1,313
191
1, 096
1825-'26
1, 244
120
10
85
1,235
1826-'27
2,090
38
96
1, 212
1827-'28
4, 966
173
138
124
796
1828-'29
6; 196
447
1829-'30
•
4, 174
66
19
30
63
1830-'31
658
87
25
406
1831-'32
274
272
120
1, 208
1832-'33
557
136
62
1, 638
1833-'34
505
55
41
1, 193
1834-'35
420
130
10
2,296
1835-'36
893
94
68
1836-'37
543
441
192
1837-'38
263 1, 490
223
155
1, 304
2,477
3, 076
1838-39
306 2,014
20
241
47❘ 2,597
1839-'40
116
712
28
103
2, 750
1840-41
276
25 582
14
158
1, 841
1841-'42
1842-'43
133
1843-'44
1844-'45
1845-'46
1846-'47
1847-'48
នុវត
40 152
144
388
90
1, 124
34
235
10
90
30
327
61
77
10
662 12
392
200
1,368
104
51
55
408
498
50
1,819
75
223
273
15
115
1, 079
72
335
13
106
878
36
741
215
1,832
1848-'49
831
438
100
1849-'50
1, 362
20
326
217
833
412
1850-'51
778
599
355
1851-'52
1, 130
100
561
620
1852-'53
1,000
231
18
598
124 593
331
1853-'54
08
20
628
20
480
625
13 FOR
194
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
3. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES, 1854-55 TO 1867–68.
[Quantities and values.]
Argentine Repub-
lic.
Brazil.
Central American
States.
Chili.
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
20
$62
274
$1, 393
126
1855-'56
$871
4
711
2,898
$23
48
188
1856-'57
1, 170
4, 218
115
344
1857-'58
50
150
1,806
6, 562
40
271
212
468
350
1858-'59
1, 158
1, 840
7,063
37
133
1859-'60
1, 516
4, 545
118
505
160
370
1860-'61
1,5 5
6, 380
21
42
1861-'62
4, 678
14, 427
1862-'63
5, 729
19, 059
1863-'64
2, 182
8, 766
8
53
333333
40
125
30
130
166
1864-'65
1,590
5, 559
30
200
1865-'66
1, 375
4, 926
254
1866-'67
1, 383
2,811
11, 904
1867-'68
1,934
7, 321
55
175
France and French Colonies.
China.
Danish West In-
dies.
France.
French Possessions
in Africa.
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
-
3,715
$12, 177
3, 812
13, 268
1856-'57
400
$425
3, 359
13, 843
1857-'58
4, 239
13, 576
95
1858-'59
$1, 139
90
$430
2, 314
6, 756
393
5, 898
420
1859-'60
904
10
30
1, 847
5, 802
167
1860-'61
345
37
140
1, 818
5,418
141
1861-'62
380
3, 187
9, 453
1862-'63
(¹)
(1)
4, 084
13, 442
1863-'64
(?).
195
637
3, 146
13, 421
1864-'65
(¹)
391
1, 123
5, 771
25, 743
960
3,774
1865-'66
50
700
3, 720
16, 188
112
448
775
1866-'67
2, 615
4
335
1, 155
3,237
15,760
961
1867-'68
3, 243
515
808
4, 640
22, 726
1,096
2,959
Years.
France and French Colonies.
French West In- French Possessions Total France and
dies.
in North America. French Colonies.
British Colonies.
British West In-
dies.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
3, 680
$10, 962
94
1855-'56.
$272
3, 774
6, 554
$11, 234
19, 773
12, 539
90
$46, 304
255
1856-'57
6, 644
20, 028
6, 383
18, 157
17, 520
63, 138
280
515
1857-'58
6, 753
18, 465
5, 371
20, 664
20, 022
275
64, 040
582
1858-59
5,741
21, 743
4, 567
28, 316
14, 278
91, 414
277
416
1859-'60
5, 657
21, 496
2, 986
30, 846
12, 794
90, 029
138
207
1860-'61
3, 291
13, 346
18, 940
2, 158
7,333
61, 230
799
1861-'62
1,379
3, 098
9, 097
11, 266
12, 965
12, 510
44, 183
(1)
1862-'63
(¹)
1, 266
2, 510
12, 633
21, 970
18,711
25, 494
(1)
1863-'64
(1)
2, 633
11, 139
8, 711
14, 521
23, 389
216, 809
(¹)
(4)
1864-'65
1, 139
4, 521
23, 611
615
3, 518
216, 726
445
1865-'66
1, 147
2, 020
8,439
2, 122
5
11
13, 938
862
1860-67
1, 945
1, 704
5, 019
60
3, 332
200
18, 238
583
1, 448
1867-'08.
1,304
4,891
508
2,293
1
5,959
42, 378
100
225
1,704
5, 477
7, 037
32, 115
Ecuador, 1855-'56, 134 M., $615.
1 "French West Indies and Colonies" reported together in these years.
2" British West Indies and Possessions in Central and South America" reported together.
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
195
3. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Years.
British Honduras.
British Colonies.

Other British North British Possessions
America.
Canada.
in Africa.


M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1, 101
$4, 988
677
1855-'56
$1, 789
270
$1,055
299
1, 173
4, 471
$1,029
1, 093
3,000
436
1856-'57
1, 191
611
953
3, 887
1, 549
21, 638
54, 553
1857-'58
105
296
213
646
653
2, 666
141, 454
409, 858
740
1858-'59
2,490
587
536
1,678
1,790
1, 090
2,272
1859-'60
1,627
6, 851
131
525
720
2, 954
534
1860-'61
1, 189
180
490
15
280
227
1, 332
80
240
1861-'62
127
376
4
(1)
21
(1)
2381
2615
1862-'03
(2)
(2)
(2)
435
(1)
1, 359
2221
2938
1863-'04
(1)
(2)
(2)
1, 040
(1)
3, 331
2322
1864-'65
2648
(2)
508
(2)
1, 389
2, 317
5, 899
20
60
1865-'66
151
642
424
1, 355
1,706
7, 592
1866-'67
305
161
1, 088
554
2,026
1, 101
13
1807-'08
86
1,237
379
2,773
2, 410
1, 087
4, 426
172
617
1, 013
3, 074
421
1, 813
British Colonies.
Years.
Hayti.
British East Indies.
Australia.
Total Great Britain
aud British Colonies.

M.
Value.
M.
Valuo.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
187
$796
70
1855-'56
$437
15, 043
$56, 398
1, 916
38
$8, 219
1856-'57
171
21, 508
73, 520
1, 162
1857-'58
43, 573
100
123, 422
1,242
270
5, 917
7,475
1858-'59
171,850
381
508, 376
1,286
2, 191
7,987
1859-'00
34, 671
20
103, 098
2, 159
165
9, 094
1860-'01
21, 508
308
87,601
1, 417
881
85
10, 573
1861-'62
250
3363
13, 796
47, 263
985
31, 416
6,685
1862-'63
(3)
3897
3, 149
32, 581
8, 884
41, 897
1863-'64
(3)
412, 043
(3)
5, 547
3260
31, 431
23, 659
45, 576
1864-'05
(3)
427, 321
(3)
5, 592
50
24, 704
49, 114
250
444, 939
257
1865-'66
1, 581
4, 463
40
26, 380
175
5, 887
33, 556
1806-'07
4, 769
139
21, C42
550
3, 664
1867-'68-
556
18, 759
4, 068
9, 156
50
55, 430
150
4,350
25, 967
68
390
9, 235
41, 084
3,092
16, 315
Dutch West Indies.
Mexico.
New Grenada.
Peru.
Years.


Μ.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
20
$120
474
1855-'56
$1,988
803
$4, 347
-
18
180
457
1,790
320
1856-'57
2, 136
30
180
1,598
1857-'58
1, 304
723
3, 682
565
2,040
140
661
227
1858-'59
1, 320
•
213
944
402
2, 065
190
550
1859-'60
85
666
270
1, 142
147
1860-'61
1, 649
118
320
129
431
34
1861-'62
346
36
5165
276
1,006
667
6416
1862-'63
570
5260
746
1863-'64
10, 146
6115
61, 919
►
6381
51, 653
1, 662
9, 638
6214
1864-'65
61, 808
9
81
608
1865-'66
4,309
33, 617
148
1, 662
25
$46
150
154
1, 103
597
2, 606
108
1866-'67
667
100
390
423
2, 354
18.7-'68
263
1,493
201
639
1, 481
8,382
England, 1855-'58, 60 M., $345; 1859-'60, 1,049 M., $20,993; 1865-'06, 24 M., $114.
Ireland, 1859-'60, 30 M., $180.
Gibraltar, 1859–'60, 20 M., $120; 1867-'68, 45 M., $390.
British Guiana, 1865-'66, 80 M., $295; 1860-'67, 18 M., $138; 1867-'08, 50 M., $125.
Costa Rica, 1867-'68, 50 M., $188.
Nicaragua, 1866–'67, 20 M., $65; 1867-'68, 20 M., $176.
Dutch Guiana, 1856-'57, 20 M., $90; 1859-'60, 24 M., $100; 1866-'67, 18 M., $138.
1 See note to West Indies.
2Canada and other British North American Provinces.
East Indies and Australia reported together in these years.
and Dutch Colonies. "Now Grenada and Venezuela.
3 British
4 Hayti and San Domingo,
5 Holland
196
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
3. Exportation of Shingles, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Portuguese Colonies.
1
Years.
Azores.
Cape Verde Islands.
Madeira.
Total Portugal
and Portuguese Col-
onics.


M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
100
$288
80
1855-'56
$283
106
$288
295
557
375
1856-'57
840
71
181
71
1857-'58
181
20
40
20
1858-'59
40
11
$22
291
864
12
178
302
886
1859-'60
131
291
240
662
25
50
383
1860-'61
1, 131
-
157
350
182
207
1861-'62
326
799
1862-'63
233
611
1863-'64
230
932
1864-'65
30
113
149
387
1865-'66
60
185
50
113
110
298
1806-67
140
472
140
472
1867-'68
100
287
508
1,660
50
113
658
2,060
Russian Pos-
Spanish Colonies.
sessions in North
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Years.
America.
Cuba.


M.
Value.
M.
Valuo.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
33
$142
3, 857
$17, 033
2, 966
$11, 646
722
$3, 020
1855-'56
20
115
1, 679
5, 269
2, 614
11, 706
917
1856-'57
120
426
2,555
5,733
1,085
4, 587
3, 131
6, 981
7,404
1857-'58
150
625
812
3, 302
1,816
7,860
1, 563
4, 482
1858-'59
1, 043
2, 713
3,552
13, 600
1, 948
5, 417
1859-'60
978
5,300
1, 481
6, 860
1, 741
6, 261
1860-'61..
30
120
3, 156
10, 476
2,595
7,968
1, 116
2,990
1861-'62
(1)
(1)
2, 109
6, 002
(2)
(2)
1862-'63
(1)
´(1)
2,500
7,473
(2)
(2)
1863-'64
120
450
(1)
(4)
3,260
12, 052
(2)
(2)
1804-'65
125
569
3, 100
10, 630
1.403
5, 867
1865-'66..
6
24
299
1, 027
6, 440
18, 522
260
1, 416
1866-'07
143
667
125
624
2,300
6, 086
275
2, 410
1867-'68
50
175
45
237
3,224
9, 770
341
1, 678
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Porto Rico.
Total
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Swedish West In-
dies.
Uruguay.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
2,465
3,989
$11, 727
3, 187
$14,747
92
$572
17.322
4, 916
24,348
51
1856-'57
1857-58
$445
30
205
-
3. 155
14, 741
6, 286
22, 145
153
921
2, 205
9, 731
3, 793
14, 275
1
22
10
1858-'59
30
•
2,714
12, 939
4, 716
18, 531
161
1859-'60
3, 580
1, 019
15, 684
5, 411
22, 208
41
195
126
1860-'61
1, 217
6, 332
1, 099
2,3 3
9, 322
236
1861-'62
899
(2)
(2)
2, 019
6, 721
555
1862-'63
2,711
+
(2)
(2)
1, 197
7,108
1, 713
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
·
(2)
6,886
(2)
1,755
10, 391
· -
1, 716
16, 434
3, 119
17, 301
627
-
1, 224
9, 769
3, 508
1, 484
11, 185
10
150
116
465
1866-'67
2, 451
14, 298
2, 726
1867-'68
2, 197
13, 904
2, 588
16,708
15, 695
1, 162
5,014
907
3, 344
Portugal, 1856-'57
Russia, Asiatic, 1867-'68
Spain, 1855-'56
1862-'63.
1866-'67 ..
Canary Islands, 1857-'58
1858-'59
1867-'68
Philippine Islands, 1859-'60
United States of Colombia, 1867-'68, 252 tons, $1,882.
¹Reported with Hayti.
2 See "Total Spain and Spanish Colonies."
M.
Valve.
20
$60
13
42
50
200013000
45
64
75
62
175
113
199
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
197
1854-'55
1855-'56..
1856-'57..
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
-
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'03
-
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'07
1867-'68...
8. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Years.
Country uncertain.
Venezuela.
Africa.
Asia and Pacific
Islands.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
226
$1, 423
623
2,826
100
$600
822
2, 920
356
$1, 427
25
120
893
3, 782
200
825
151
1,397
316
1,524
110
468
1, 003
3, 260
866
3, 432
768
2, 339
237
925
(1)
(1)
453
1, 926
60
168
(4)
(1)
355
1, S08
120
460
(1)
152
861
642
2, 570
36
300
68
345
90
165
78
253
66
198
220
852
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Years.

Continental ports
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
on the Baltic and
North Seu8.
Total.


M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55...
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'03
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
775
961
1867-'68
1,096
$2,615
3, 243
2, 959
136
45
$562
390
Africa
Asia and Austral-
asia.
95
393
$1, 139
5, 898
95
393
$1, 139
5,598
·
911
3,177
961
3, 243
1, 141
3, 345
and
West Indies.
Atlantic Islands
(Spanish
Portuguese).
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
525
$2, 452
1855-'56
3, 223
$12, 879
100
1, 234
4,375
$288
28, 914
1856-'57
2, 652
$109, 562
11, 871
375
840
1, 035
3,566
36, 339
1, 841
132, 301
1857-'58
6, 439
71
1, 579
181
5, 890
1858-'59
2, 116
40, 519
130, 936
8, 955
20
40
-
867
2, 953
45, 263
1859-'60
4, 043
152, 576
15, 354
302
886
285
3, 885
1860-'61
2,377
45, 804
142, 169
10, 487
383
913
1, 131
2, 740
31, 615
1861-'62
3,262
118,505
10, 164
182
207
888
3, 285
23, 533
1862-'03
2, 532
83, 742
7,586
326
1, 395
799
5, 139
8,356
3,578
29, 665
1863-'64
10, 514
233
1, 541
611
6, 760
1864-'65
4,357
15, 752
06, 543
26, 690
230
2,383
932
11, 711
17, 391
81,260
1865-'66
3, 838
12, 749
149
387
492
1, 331
23, 720
95, 213
730
1866-'07
19, 397
110
298
620
2, 224
1867-'68
3, 330
12, 674
66, 651
11, 865
140
1, 087
472
4.426
3, 925
16, 565
11, 305
102, 027
658
641
2, 665
2,060
18, 061
89, 907
Other islands in the Pacific, 1867–’68, 265 M, $853.
Whale fisheries, 1854-'55, 25 M, $124; 1855-'56, 194 M, $1,206.
1 With New Granada.
198
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
3. Exportation of Shingles by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Years.

Atlantic ports.
Pacific ports.
Total.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1, 189
1855-'56..
$6, 374
4
$23
1, 193
1, 061
$6, 397
5, 239
1850-'57
1, 061
5, 239
2, 146
9, 421
1857-'58
2, 146
9, 421
2, 108
8, 303
1858-'59
50
150
2, 158
2, 379
8, 503
10, 162
1859-'60
350
1, 158
2,729
11, 320
1,907
7,798
1860-'61
1,907
7,798
1,796
7, 667
1861-'62
-
1, 796
7,667
5, 300
1862-'63
17, 554
5,300
17, 554
7,557
27, 864
1863-'64
7, 557
27, 864
2, 404
10, 627
9
1864-'65
46
2, 413
10, 673
·
2, 431
11, 229
1965-'66.
25
150
2,456
11, 379
1, 679
1866-'67 >
2,353
1,679
2, 353
4, 254
18, 549
1867-'68
4, 254
18, 549
3, 143
12, 672
55
145
3, 198
12, 817
1854-'55.
1855-'56 .
1856-'57
-
1857-58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
·
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Years.
Mexico and Cen- Other North Amer-
tral America.
ican ports.
Uncertain.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1.701
$7,846
1, 074
1, 678
$3,258
6, 449
1, 639
4, 561
2,666
5, 535
22, 143
55, 364
1, 005
3,795
142, 469
412, 930
938
3,855
2, 994
9, 539
1, 150
4, 466
852
1, 686
356
1, 763
1,036
2, 115
316
1, 131
381
615
1, 266
776
10, 276
21, 510
221
938
1, 695
2, 633
9, 804
8, 711
322
648
1, 139
4,817
35, 934
4, 521
616
1, 849
1, 285
5, 695
1, 173
3, 053
604
3, 520
1, 976
4, 973
1, 930
8
75
11, 156
1, 409
4, 091
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
199
4. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES, by Foreign COUNTRIES, FROM 1868–69 to 1878–’79.
[Quantities and values.]

Argentine Republic.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central American
States.

Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
541
·
$1,928
20
$114
9
$37
218
$1,582
1869-70
1870-'71
704
2,856
203
672
149
565
293
1, 267
1871-'72
337
·
1, 440
1, 219
5, 249
1872-'73
379
1, 460
1, 493
5, 301
1873-'74
•
773
3, 158
50
400
970
3, 283
1874-'75
125
-
503
658
2, 099
1875-'70
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
•
708
2, 911
D
795
2, 161
100
175
468
1, 609
-
445
1, 321
French Colonies.

China.
Danish West Indies.
Years.
French Possessions
in America.
French West In-
dies and French
Guiana.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
400
$900
3,476
$18, 144
3, 178
1869-'70
$12, 398
121
365
1,605
7,098
1870-'71
4, 129
12, 636
106
316
2, 644
10, 806
1, 244
1871-72
4, 237
218
570
3, 341
15, 917
1,372
1872-73
5,306
3, 364
15, 192
1873-'74
1, 258
5, 827
1874-'75
1,296
826
$4,772
3, 660
1, 937
7,656
1875-'76
2, 634
8,826
1,465
5,272
1870-'77
588
2,496
1, 776
6, 525
1877-'78
890
2,975
3,095
9, 522
1878-'79
1, 917
8, 255
4,371
14, 719
3,288
13, 795
French Colonies.

Years.
and Saint Pierre
Islands.
in Africa.
Miquelon, Langley, French Possessions All other French Total French Colo-
Possessions.
nies.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70 ...
2,676
$7,638
5, 854
$20,036
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-74
·
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
2,380
6, 756
6, 504
19, 392
888
2,280
10, 132
6, 517
1, 462
1,297
$2,270
3, 707
2, 834
237
9, 013
$519
1, 415
759
3, 836
1,368
4,345
590
1, 457
11, 397
1, 419
3, 485
3, 591
404
10, 420
1, 190
1, 762
4, 176
10
33
581
4,800
14, 193
1, 412
1, 964
5, 182
3, 143
400
9, 123
755
1, 162
2,370
52
1,562
58
823
6, 220
1, 509
1,579
2,828
4,371
432
12, 650
713
1, 388
2, 430
5, 108
16, 938-
Chili, 20 M ($39) in 1877–78.
200
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
4. Exportation of Shingles, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
England.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
British Colonies.
Canada.
All other British Quebec,
North America.
Ontario,
&c.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
100
$350
118
$326
142
544
50
$258
50
200
53
194
3
24
343
826
65
325
1, 952
$7,428
1, 939
5, 515
4, 526
11, 350
2,007
5, 948
-
4,806
9, 858
·
1, 948
3, 563
4, 754
10, 498
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, &c.
British Columbia.
British West Indies
and British Hon-
duras. 1
British Guiana.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74 ..
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
5,800
$29, 256
5, 619
27, 247
•
3, 404
20, 657
6, 523
40, 788
2,340
1,295
854
$3,518
2,567
861
$1, 837
6, 389
38, 037
20
230
1, 120
2, 014
4, 174
23, 799
1, 191
312
469
7,518
38, 313
57
467
236
508
9, 512
42, 622
28
98
-
564
872
6, 278
29, 555
9
27
11, 357
51,400
63
170
200
મ
295
13, 329
51, 897
Great Britain and British Colonies.

British Colonies.
Years.
British Possessions
in Africa.
sia.2
British Australa- Total British Colo-
nies.3
Total Great Britain
and British Colo-
nies.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1, 191
$4,853
50
1869-'70
$305
7, 159
·
1,704
$34, 740
5, 981
1870-'71
7,515
34, 330
291
818
7,859
7,515
$35, 090
34, 330
300
738
1871-'72
4, 051
22, 665
709
2, 028
4, 101
22, 865
1872-'73
7, 650
43, 967
280
7,650
664
43, 967
217
673
1873-'74
12, 059
52, 387
1, 051
2, 946
12, 059
52,387
1874-'75
9, 579
36, 841
-
487
9, 579
1, 715
30
36, 841
60
1875-'76
13, 784
53, 564
524
1, 201
13, 784
74
53, 564
235
1876-'77
13, 081
51,952
295
13, 081
615
161
51, 952
428
1877-'78
12, 113
41, 355
121
303
12, 113
300
41, 355
625
1878-'79
13, 726
55, 921
13, 726
205
55, 921
345
650
977
19, 201
64, 182
19, 201
64, 182
1 Honduras included only in 1873-74 and since.
2 Before 1872-'73, reported as "Australia, New Zealand, etc."
3 In 1875-'76 this included 700 M ($1,400) for British East Indies; in 1876-'77 it included 20 M ($38) to
the same.
EXPORTATION OF -
201
SHINGLES.
#
4. Exportation of Shingles, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.

Hayti and San Do-
mingo.
Hayti.¹
[Holland.]
Dutch West Indies.
Italy.

Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Valuc.
M.
Value.
1868-'09
1,003
$6, 278
1869-'70
3,034
14, 315
183
$633
1870-'71
5, 073
27, 004
1871-'72
2, 130
$13, 957
1872-'73
3, 168
18, 037
184
1, 059
1873-'74
2,985
17, 918
256
1, 193
38
1874-'75
$150
4,361
28,876
182
546
1875-'76
4, 085
24, 173
1876-'77
4, 047
21, 540
184
696
1877-'78
3, 386
18, 325
186
937
1878-'79
5,037
24, 387
177
589
Japan.
Liberia.
Mexico.
Peru.
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Valuc.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'70
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
-
1, 204
$5, 613
50
$435
•
56
$373
920
4, 481
-
100
460
$250
33
194
543
2,711
150
6-3
2,548
796
3, 541
60
186
1, 433
6, 489

25
219
3,001
14, 219
1,888
6, 310
27
80
·
1, 229
4.024
100
360
P
22535
34
145
2,478
7,481
25
90
1,732
6, 076
Portuguese Colo-
nies, Azores, Ma-
deira, Capo Verdc.
Russia (Asiatic).
San Domingo.¹
Sandwich Islands.
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
748
$2, 455
1869-'70
364
2, 977
930
$8,862
1870-'71
397
4,321
1, 128
10, 449
1871-'72
600
1, 489
4,849
10, 239
1872-'73
874
920
2, 629
$3,992
3,771
8, 618
1873-74
379
1, 833
836
1, 907
3, 459
75
7, 915
1874-75
$179
349
1, 624
1,608
4,316
3, 591
7, 514
130
1875-'76
332
512
1, 125
2,386
4, 916
2,366
9, 236
1876-'77
300
1,372
2, 452
1,434
4, 662
185
10,025
416
1877-'78
553
2,796
1,590
8, 471
2, 954
16,799
100
226
1878-'79
412
1,722
2, 017
2,305
12, 536
380
21, 781
695
333
1, 235
12, 166
19, 985
'See "Hayti and San Domingo."
202
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
4. Exportation of Shingles, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Spain.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
All other Spanish
Possessions.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
100
$550
1869-'70
2, 640
$15, 472
74
170
$378
$865
502
2, 523
1870-'71
2, 164
12, 498
556
3, 100
1,562
1871-'72
10, 031
·
87
1, 074
2, 404
1872-73
15,965
•
33
600
1, 827
11, 616
1873-74
154
681
634
1874-'75
4, 109
2,455
1875-'76
14, 232
228
929
1876-77
2, 058
12, 043
1
3
42
272
1877-78
3,872
17, 380
236
1, 534
2, 842
1878-'79
15, 015
41
109
100
1,790
3, 731
17, 328

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Spain and Colonies.
Total Spain and
Spanish Colonies.
United States of
Colombia.
Uruguay.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
2,814
$16, 400
2, 984
1869-70
$18, 265
425
2,666
$2,614
62
15, 021
2, 666
$255
15, 021
218
1870-'71
1, 246
118
2, 118
13, 131
414
2, 118
13, 131
129
1871-'72
916
2, 491
45
17, 039
135
2, 491
1872-73
17, 039
149
1, 860
1, 007
155
12, 216
491
1, 860
12, 216
1873-'74
860
788
3, 495
195
4,790
640
788
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
4, 790
550
-
2,455
14, 232
2, 860
439
2, 455
2, 059
14, 232
2, 286
1, 190
5, 864
145
480
12, 972
2,284
12, 972
771
3,856
3, 914
17, 652
3,915
17, 655
420
1877-'78
2,218
•
3, 119
16, 658
3, 119
1878-'79
16, 658
749
3, 363
51
3, 831
19, 118
324
3, 831
19, 118
574
2, 075
101
624
Venezuela.
Countries and ports
in Africa not spe-
cified.

All other countries
and ports.
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
81
$402
4
37
211
$664
80
261
-
540
1,361
200
529
1872-'73
-
1873-'74
22
$145
1874-'75
10
150
10
150
633
1,417
1875-'70
5
30
90
•
277
1876-'77
110
260
610
1, 155
1877-'78
217
430
1878-79...
5
40
650
1, 140
EXPORTATION
203
OF SHINGLES.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.

Continental ports,
Mediterranean
Years.
Atlantic ports.
Baltic and North
Total.¹
ports.
Seas.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
100
$350
20
-$114
120
$134
170
865
50
200
50
200
1868-'69
1869-'70..
1870-'71
1871-'72 ..
1872-'73
1873-'74
38
$150
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78 ...
1878-'79..
38
150
1
3
Africa.
Years.
Asia, Australasia,
&c.
Atlantic islands
(Spanish and Por-
tuguese).
West Indies.2
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69...
1, 191
$4,853
3, 417
1869-'70
$10, 067
748
1,760
$2,455
13, 019
6,358
$69, 700
4, 442
10, 814
364
1870-'71...
930
324
13, 107
1, 012
64, 314
5,355
1871-'72
2, 343
397
1, 128
709
13, 239
2, 028
71, 658
4, 449
1872-'73
9, 338
660
1, 489
15, 359
525
1, 183.
81, 773
1873-'74
3, 676
8,588
920
2, 629
16, 640
1, 641
91. 146
4,403
4,391
1874-'75
7,693
836
1, 907
916
10, 649
3, 124
65, 496
5,076
9, 628
1875-'76
1, 624
3, 591
1, 105
2, 513
19, 599
5, 436
100, 835
1876-77
11, 660
1, 125
2, 366
-
695
18, 236
1,370
8.817
88, 969
1877-78
17, 613
1, 372
2,452
16,752
983
1, 978
13, 228
78, 764
22, 722
1878-'79..
1,590
2, 954
662
1, 148
22, 484
13, 196
107, 005
21, 657
1, 722
3, 305
30, 366
125, 801
South America.
Years.
Atlantic ports.
Pacific ports.
Total.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1, 118.
1869-'70
$5, 236
50
$435
1, 168
1870-'71
1, 040
$5, 671
4, 516
327
1, 653
1871-'72
1,040
327
4, 516
1, 653
641
1872-'78
3, 298
641
1, 454
3, 298
5, 831
1873-74
60
186
1, 515
·
1,817
6, 017
1874-'75
8,477
1, 817
·
1875-'76
1876-'77
1, 527
8, 477
7,469
1, 527
-
804
7,469
3,984
27
80
831
539
4, 064
2, 505
1877-78.
1878-'79
100
360
639
900
2,865
3,862
20
39
940
680
2, 739
3, 941
680
2, 739
Mexico and Central
Years.
America.
Other North Amer-
ican ports and isl-
ands.
Uncertain.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74 .
1874-'75.
1, 422
1, 123
$7, 195
866
$2,781
6, 139
5, 153
556
1,732
836
6, 589
3, 978
453
1,296
2,670
1, 842
$21, 078
19, 683
7,878
7,797
1,008
2, 640
3, 034
2,289
8, 842
9, 544
9,450
15, 053
1,415
2,403
9, 772
3, 836
5, 113
11, 464
3, 659
1, 441
1875-'76
1876-'77 .
1877-'78
1878-79..
3, 318
4,900
5,692
13, 810
2,596
2, 405
9, 227
2,253
5,743
6, 489
2,054
2, 019
6, 185
5, 459
6, 260
13, 825
2, 946
1, 772
9,090
3, 525
2,000
3, 621
2, 177
7,397
1, 765
3, 216
5, 017
10, 963
2, 038
3,570
Including Spain, not embraced in either of the three preceding columns.
2 Including British Honduras, and Dutch and French Guiana.
204
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
5. EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES, BY DISTRICTS, FROM 1855-56 TO 1878-'79.
[Quantities and values.]
Maine.
Years.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
•
1860-'61
1861-'62
Passamaquoddy.
Machias.
Frenchman's Bay.
Penobscot (Castine
sinco 1866.)



M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
844
$1, 416
259
$624
33
914
1,799
$71
294
731
295
747
731
1, 550
533
1, 390
459
$1, 148
612
1,588
2, 438
2, 021
509
1, 279
257
557
1, 059
638
1, 631
255
475
680
318
391
283
653
•
·
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
581
1866-'67
2, 649
1,215
2, 630
1, 675
6, 712
1867-'68
·
999
3, 018
1, 179
1868-'69
4,855
1, 152
1869-'70
5, 103
1, 097
5, 120
44
1870-'71
948
4, 042
45
1871-'72
110
135
1, 143
5, 358
1872-'73
58
200
505
2, 567
1873-'74
192
718
136
555
1874-'75
21
47
298
887
15
1875-'76
30
5
112
15
256
89
290
1876-'77
80
170
235
738
1877-'78
100
300
1878-'79
50
100
163
449
Maine.

Years.
Bangor.
Belfast.
Wiscasset.
Bath.
Portland and
Falmouth.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value. M. Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56...
4, 053 $12, 261
1856-'57
3, 620 11, 080
58 $88
256
111
$341
$639
1857-'58
5, 115
1, 135
15, 191
200
3, 690
600
1858-'59
195
280
3,062
1, 064
7,705
2, 869
28
54
11
1859-'60
$14
585
808
2,698
6, 851
1,063
50
2,592
132
54
1860-'61
68
40
3,279
100
8, 269
930
2,369
1861-'62
1,062
2, 881
1862-'63
2, 210
5, 856
1863-'64
976
3, 001
1864-'65
7, 212
29, 222
1,408
600
4, 548
1,257
5
22
1866-'67
464
4,579
19, 373
2,398
1, 195
4, 903
795
3,590
1867-'68
2, 147
4, 545
19, 165
9, 040
224
810
1868-'69
2,948 | 13, 937
1,572
10
5,325
25
1869-'70
547
2,328
8,932
86
2,070
238
1870-'71
7
23
3,667
13, 254
671
17
2,672
50
1871-'72
3, 812
17,439
50
499 2,003
125
1872-'73.
537
6, 518
18,786
1,899
1873-'74.
2,959
7,500
1874-'75..
2, 559
8, 419
1875-'76
2, 616
7,934
1876-'77
975
2, 482
53
170
1877-'78
1,861
5, 928
220
485
1878-79.
1,866
5,578
3
5
750
1,218
29
57
225
327
70
140
1, 302
623
1, 048
1, 081
2,422
2, 960
5, 065
728
615
2,368
Castine, Me., 500 M ($1,924) in 1878-'79.
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
5. Exportation of Shingles, by Districts, &c.—Continued.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
Other ports of Maine
besides Passama-
Total Maine.
Salem and Beverly.
Boston.
Years.
quoddy and Port-
land.
205

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'50.
1856-'57
5, 503
$15, 099
397
$882
3,275
$11, 880
6, 369
18, 388
131
337
1857-58
3, 213
10, 807
1858-'59.
8, 909
25, 249
630
2,305
4, 475
14, 019
7, 103
15, 365
271
908
1859-'60
6, 015
16, 840
5, 222
12, 890
479
1860-'61
1, 196
3, 184
8, 800
4, 942
1861-'62
12, 194
361
926
3,859
11, 522
6, 184
$14, 400
8, 394
20, 256
1-62-'63
5,651
5, 430
16, 548
14, 739
6, 406
17, 740
1863-'64
11, 943
40, 760
•
5, 614
18, 212
7,052
22, 760
1864-'65
10, 162
40,783
10, 057
1860-'67
38, 451
30
113
10, 611
46, 837
10, 411
41, 345
12
1867-'08
63
7,553
33, 630
8, 519
33, 173
1868-'69
6,870
27, 992
4, 657
1869-'70
21, 135
38
200
5, 606
19, 102
-
1870-'71
4, 233
17, 095
5,728
20, 367
5, 176
19, 484
1871-'72
2,297
8, 583
5, 542
24, 821
1872-'73
2,992
10, 016
7,834
24, 513
1873-'74
4
30
4, 017
14, 427
4, 505
13, 838
35
71
1874-75...
3,920
11, 922
1875-'70..
3, 072
10, 183
4, 172
13, 077
3, 144
9,095
1876-'77
4. 115
10, 861
2,715
6, 068
1877-'78
7,665
2,874
7,901
1878-79.
9, 556
3, 660
10, 473
3, 964
8, 546
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.

Other ports of
Years.
New Bedford.
Massachu-
setts besides
Boston.
Total Massa-
chusetts.
Providence,
&c.
New London,
&c.

M.
Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
165 1$275
3, 737 $13, 037
151
$606
1856-'57
15
$40
220
290
3, 359
11, 274
120
480
1857-58
99
421
6, 744
16, 745
16
52
50
$200
1858-'59
118
351
6, 404
18, 099
13
83
3115
3470
•
1859-'60
269
815
3, 912
10,871
40
200
1860-'01
157
350
4,377
12, 798
437
4140
86
408
1861-62
566
1, 823
6, 217
18, 281
331
1,300
5126
5415
1862-'63
302
1, 398
12, 245
42, 158
5140
5581
1863-'04
136
494
10,298
41, 277
6335
51,903
1864-'65
60
1866-'67
20
1867-'68
-
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
-
•
8000000
216
|
10, 701
47, 186
6315
62, 229
100
139
1183
7,624
33,976
300
1,725
7286
71, 6S7
20
6.878
28, 012
8350
$1,768
28
133
5, 672
19, 435
9358
91, 825
30
112
5,758
20,479
163
757
2,297
8, 583
69
240
25
100
1871-'72
£3
108
-
3,075
10, 124
19
90
1872-'73.
2
6
4, 023
14, 463
1873-'74.
66
225
4,021
12, 218
49
257
1874-'75
204
393
4,376
13, 470
1875-'76
124
417
4, 239
10, 978
10 50
10 250
1876-'77
163
338
3,348
8, 003
10 50
10 247
1877-'78
237
491
4,306
10, 057
11 154
11 815
1878-'79.
622
1, 219
4, 586
9, 765
12 335
12 1, 292
1 Newburyport.
2 Gloucester.
Portsmouth, N. H., exported in 1857-58 100 M, worth $275.
3 Of this amount 70 M ($270) were from New Haven district.
4 Bristol and Warren.
5 Ports of Connecticut, not specified.
6 Of this amount 130 M ($1,170) were from New Haven district.
"Of this amount 151 M ($867) were from New Haven district.
8 From New Haven district.
9 Of this amount 199 M ($997) were from New Пaven district.
10 New Haven district.
Of this 55 ($180) for New London; the rest for New Haven.
12 Of this 285 M ($1,092) wero for New Haven.
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
206
5. Exportation of Shingles, by Districts, &c.—Continued.

Pennsylvania.
Years.
New York (sea-
board).
Maryland.
Philadelphia,
Baltimore.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
2, 581
$14, 312
168
1857-'58
3, 049
$1,848
1,530
19, 399
31
$8,995
232
1858-'59
1, 564
2, 107
10, 639
12, 925
134
771
1859-'60
1, 689
2,215
18,797
11, 686
114
528
1860-'61
2,858
2,502
38, 970
11, 414
187
874
1861-'62
1, 622
2, 760
12, 577
14, 314
116
979
·
784
1862-'63
2, 562
18, 863
4, 507
7
50
-
276
1863-'04
6, 830
40, 284
1, 836
666
→
3, 018
405
1864-'65
6, 138
40, 313
4, 087
153
·
3, 017
403
1866-67
4, 707
43, 646
2,759
26
257
448
1867-'68
2,256
22, 138
4, 734
1868-'69
1, 228
1, 676
10, 504
14, 172
75
618
1, 049
1869-'70
1, 187
9, 375
8, 533
115
1, 381
1, 621
1870-'71
1,698
10, 069
11, 178
301
2, 327
1, 350
1871-'72.
1, 190
11, 711
8, 062
13
79
973
1872-'73
749
3,274
7,096
56
395
-
1, 662
1873-'74
1, 174
11, 382
11, 626
119
934
1874-'75
1,204
1, 366
11, 684
9, 313
26
143
1, 171
1875-'76
1, 661
19, 080
6, 902
225
728
·
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
2, 292
2,868
18, 612
15, 124
10
75
-
2,395
1, 432
15, 738
7,988
131
479
3, 601
1, 823
19, 558
9, 844
30
147
1, 243
5, 219
26, 964
6, 952
98
1, 849
1,783
9, 945
Virginia.¹
North Carolina.
Years.
Norfolk and Ports-
mouth.
Albemarle.2
Pamlico.3

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56.
1856-'57
2,998
$18, 600
11, 422
$34, 166
7,240
1857-'58
4, 039
21, 185
$22, 189
10,826
25, 596
9, 121
7,729
1858-'59
39, 606
12, 229
23, 071
34, 117
·
1859-'60
3, 199
8, 153
14, 921
16, 805
20, 327
54, 898
6, 463
1860-'61
2, 533
18, 684
11, 889
13, 680
39, 505
3, 986
12, 150
1, 451
1861-'02
7, 316
8, 267
26, 254
2, 691
8,435
1862-'63
1s63-'04
1864-'65
-
1860-'67
1867-'68
83
1,067
6, 932
1868-'69
2, 501
734
10, 094
743
1, 839
12, 722
1869-'70
2, 168
7,519
512
989
1870-'71
6, 589
2, 445
2, 348
2, 126
6, 655
3, 155
795
1871-'72
6, 490
10, 509
220
450
341
2, 219
1872-'73
16, 189
1, 163
1,322
1, 445
1873-'74.
10, 935
4, 884
2,302
912
1874-'75
6, 587
8, 626
1, 108
690
1875-'76
4, 209
3,982
542
2, 318
3, 559
·
948
1876-'77
5, 489
12, 409
2, 401
1,043
6, 329
8, 297
1877-'78
1878-'79 ..
2, 317
6, 717
883
6, 953
5, 138
1, 126
6, 061
17, 672
816
1, 769
7, 561
23, 860
Delaware district in 1864-'65 exported 100 M, worth $458.
¹ Richmond district (Va.) exported 25 M ($175) in 1856-'57 and 18 M ($132) in 1857-'58.
2 Includes the districts of Camden, Edenton, and Plymouth before 1867-'68.
* Includes Washington, Ocracoke, and New Berne before 1867-'68.
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
207
5. Exportation of Shingles, by Districts, &c.—Continued.

North Carolina.

Years.
Beaufort.
Wilmington.
Total North Caro-
lina.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
51
$157
5, 043
$19, 826
23, 756
1856-'57
$76, 338
77
197
5.741
11, 887
25,765
1857-'58
60, 751
109
304
4, 218
14,774
20, 809
1858-'59
66, 000
41
131
3,638
13, 669
30, 469
1859-'60
87,382
140
280
2, 339
11, 110
20, 145
1860-'61
63, 045
9
54
2, 387
12, 160
13, 354
1861-'62
46, 903
-
1862-'63
431
1,770
431
1863-'04
210
840
210
1,770
480
1864-'65
-
1866-'67
=
1, 229
6, 372
1,312
1867-'08
7,100
1, 691
7,695
4, 935
1868-'69
20, 234
607
2,658
3, 287
12, 525
1869-'70
1, 027
1870-'71
4,999
6, 308
22, 163
3, 062
16, 553
3,623
1871-'72
18, 166
1, 915
12,370
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
C
3,237
17, 254
2, 233
14, 185
4, 535
22, 811
1,409
8,838
2, 517
12, 820
2, 960
19, 163
1875-'76
7,061
33, 890
1, 894
1876--'77
10, 569
4, 295
18, 866
2,694
15, 808
1877-'78
5, 011
22, 525
2, 904
19, 147
1878-'79.
8, 042
36, 819
2, 627
15, 926
10, 188
39,786
South Carolina.
Years.
Georgetown.
Charleston.
Total South Caro-
lina.1

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56.
232
$928
105
1856-'57
1837-'58
1858-'59
1859–60
$781
337
$1,709
71
2, 860
219
1,558
290
4, 418
71
426
112
1, 671
183
2, 097
40
280
40
280
85
525
1860-'61
· 1861-'62
1862-'63
85
525
73
487
73
487
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
243
1, 225
204
1,997
507
3,222
1867-68
532
3, 110
92
724
624
3, 834
1868-69
444
2, 065
27
320
471
2, 385
1
1869-'70
144
551
117
890
261
-
1, 441
1870-'71
240
→
1, 200
69
639
309
1,839
1871-'72
239
1, 103
42
343
281
1, 446
1872-73
38
170
67
576
105
746
1873-74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
105
525
124
984
229
1,509
108
563
108
563
-
56
280
45
314
109
642
51
209
25
106
76
315
1877-'78..
534
2,296
72
371
GOG
2,667
718
2, 719
30
194
748
2,913
1878-79
¹ Beaufort (S. C.) exported 36 M ($206) in 1874-'75, 8 M ($48) in 1875–76, and 1 M ($8) in 1877–78.
208
EXPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
5. Exportation of Shingles, by Districts, &c.—Continued.


Georgia.
Florida.
Alabama.

Years. Savannah, &c. Fernandina. Saint John's. Gulf Coast.2 Total Florida.
Mobile.
M. Value. M. Value. M. Value. M.
Value. M. Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56.
19
$84
107
$535 54
$254 161
$789
1856-'57
58
230
56
215
56
215
1857-'58 ..
698
3, 008
40
925
156
444
196
1, 369
1858-'59..
107
439
430
2, 150
430
1, 150
1859-'60 ..
153
571
251
1, 499
251
1, 499
1860-'61 ..
20
95
88
406
88
406
1861-'62
18 2-'63
·
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66.
1860-'67
1867-'68
+ -
-
10
80
10
80
180
1,746
91
182
1, 203
$1, 110
228
1,369
167
870
395
1868-'69
2,239
152
702
309
2,217
5
$23
133
800
181
568
319
1, 391
320
1869-'70..
408
2,686
1, 138
4
28
50
225
54
253
130
1870-'71 ..
499
432
2.837
10
50
262
1, 643
99
353
371
2, 046
49
201
1871-'72 ..
1, 034
6, 576
100
800
434
2, 195
63
243 657
3,238
58
222
1872-'73 ..
246
1, 651
883
4,823
455
1, 9411, 338
6, 764
11
41
1873-74 ..
146
926
14
84
1, 146
6, 454
123
685 1,283
7,223
147
545
1874-'75.
548
3, 810
25
150
560
2, 779
216
1, 041
801
3,970
2,790
1875-76..
381
2, 164
10, 643
127
547
392
2, 342
519
2, 889
1876-'77 ..
4, 406
21, 691
176
954
238
788
37
175
275
963
3, 470
15, 940
1877-'78 ..
597
2, 854
519
1,976
317
1, 411
836
3, 387
3,888
17,919
1878-79..
323
1, 366
44
392
440
1, 668
193
709
677
2,770
3,974
18, 163
Louisiana.
Texas.
Years.
New Orleans.
Texas [Gal-Salaria [Indi-
veston]. anola].
Corpus
Christi.
Brazos de
Santiago
Total Texas.
[Brownsville].
M. Value.
M.
Value. M. Value.
M. Value. M. Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56 ..
850
1856-'57 1, 916
$2,514
2, 455
10 $45
1857-'58
291
1, 134
159
$722
10
$45
159
722
1858-'59 ..
380
1, 943
1859-'60
576
2, 433
1860-'61 ..
78
341
1861-'62
•
1862-63..
809
10, 998
1863-'04
895
5, 914
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67.
1, 603
17,481
-
8
68
8
68
1867-'68 ..
1, 539
7,963
20
140
4
$24
178
$1,565
202
1, 729
1868-'69.
1, 852
7,345
16
74
184 1, 840
200
1, 914
1869-'70
739
3, 475
2
8
10
92
117 1, 189
129
1, 289
1870-'71 ..
776
3,839
2
10 2,898
5, 334
8
72
114
852
124
934
1871-72 ..
749
3, 274
5
31
36
308
76
575
117
914
1872-'73 ..
796
3, 265
13
74
28
230
143
1, 153
184
1,457
1873-'74 ..
794
3,272
209
918
13
78
120
926 323 2, 200
652
4, 044
1874-75.
604
2, 121
96
634
788 6, 940
884
7, 574
1875-'76..
621
2,215
163
625
5
40
7
42
212 1, 398
387
2, 105
1876-'77
495
1, 538
8
28
75
471 138
862
291
1,361
1877-'78 ..
1, 048
3, 017
68
500 500
2,258
568
2,758
1878-'79 ..
580
1, 930
85
335
3
24
65
528 362 2, 250
540
3,222
¹ Saint Mary's district exported 8 M ($40) in 1855-'56, 68 M ($338) in 1868-'69, and 30 M ($170) in
1874-75.
Brunswick district exported 207 M ($1,218) in 1870-'71, 544 M ($3,400) in 1871-'72, 30 M ($100) in
1876-'77. These amounts are included in the above column.
2 Chiefly Pensacola. Very small quantities from Key West and Saint Mark's are included.
Pearl River district (Mississippi) exported 12 M ($36) in 1867-'68, 300 M ($1,300) in 1872-'73. 529 M
($1,884) in 1873-174, 1,060 M ($3,948) in 1874-75, 720 M ($2,329) in 1875-'76, 368 M ($1,573) in 1876-'77, and
231 M ($719) in 1877-'78.
Teché district (Louisiana), 20 M ($60) 1876-'77, 31 M ($107) in 1877-78, and 25 M (385) in 1878-'79.
EXPORTATION
209
OF SHINGLES.
Exportation of Shingles by Districts, &c.—Continued.
California.
Oregon.
Washington
Northern frontier.
Territory.
Years.
San Francisco,
&c.1
Oregon, As-
toria, &c.2
Puget Sound,
&c.3
Minnesota
(Pembina).
ports.
Lake Superior Detroit, &c.4

M. Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56..
1,983
$2,717
82 $247 348
$1,646
1, 077
$2,971
1856-'57
1,782
5, 962
10
40
87
445
21, 541
54, 349
1857-'58 ..
1,526
6,031
253
1, 334
141, 434
409, 818
1858-'59
3,520 | 13, 872
408
2, 437
1859-'60..
1, 115
2, 127
2,301 10, 080
534
1, 189
1860-'61
2, 916
9, 150
80
240
1861-'62
2,200
6, 339
1802-'03 ..
2, 770
8,306
1863-'64..
4,078
16, 313
782
2, 126
1864-'65..
2,771
10, 280
389
948 1, 887
1866-'67
1, 694
6, 557
1, 378
5,950
2, 991
13
SG
1867-'68
2, 049
7,210
186
419 1,787
3,590
160
522
1868-'69
3,032
11,355
585
1,463 1, 312
2,940
95
281
1869-'70 ..
3, 679
10,830
558
1, 391 1, 891
3, 505
126
476
1870-'71.
4,000
9, 927
1
3 2, 898
5, 334
39
145
1871-'72 ..
5,095
13, 81
50
1,915 1,591
2,979
230
$862
81
170
1872-73..
4, 699
13, 639
1873-'74..
3, 907
9, 923
1
1874-75..
6,628 | 15, 306
58
3, 314
3 4,236
144 2,264
6, 692 1, 637
6, 294
100
$450
115
484
6,750 1,872
5, 226
20
55
47
234
1875-'70.
6, 001
15, 699
2,050
3, 505 3, 869
3, 404 1, 122
3,404
8,708
278
746
339
1, 746
2, 452
40
100
835
3, 361
1876-'77 ..
7,983
18, 353
308
779 3,609
5, 672 4, 153
7,804
198
291
440
1877-'78..
1878-79.
1, 703
11, 387
13, 003 21, 872
20, 924
|
47
128 3,986
50
80 3, 198
6, 134 1,736
134,1,
5,032 4, 062
2, 947
30
82
154
443
8,442
10
10
682
2, 046
Monterey District exported in 1858-'59 5 M ($20).
"
2 From 1863-'64 to 1867–68 reported as Oregon and Washington." The returns of 1871-'72 are from
Willamette District. In 1876-77 149 M ($347) from Willamette, and in 1877–78 281 M ($600).
3 We include with this for Alaska in 1868–69, 6 M ($32); 6 M ($102) in 1873–74; in 1875-'76, 25 M ($108) ;
in 1870-'77, 5 M ($33).
Of this Huron District reported in 1867-68, 24 M ($79); in 1868--'69, 45 M ($94); 180 M ($167) in
1876-77; and 82 M ($213) in 1877-'78. Michigan District in 1877-'78 reported 20 M ($35), included in this
column.

Northern frontier.
General summary.

Years.
Lake ports of Lake ports of
Ohio.
New York.
Atlantic
coast.
Gulf coast.
Pacific coast.
Northern fron-
tier.

M. Value.
M.
Value. M. Value.
M.
Value. M.
Value. M.
Value.
1855-'50 ..
8
1856-'57
97
$17 40, 887 $151, 163 914
204 45, 187 189, 282 1, 972
$2,813
2, 413
$4,610
2,670
1, 879
6, 447
1,085
21,638
$2,988
54, 553
1857-'58
-
20
40 49, 191
177, 253| 606
1,578
1.779
1858-'59.
7, 365 141, 454
409, 858
60
120 52, 185
169, 928
380
1, 972
1859-'60
3,928
16, 309
1, 175
2,247
38, 146
155, 548
576
2, 433
2,301
1860-'61 ..
10, 080
534
1, 159
26, 946
98,810
78
341
2, 916
9, 150
80
240
1861-'62 .
17, 913
61, 001
2, 200
6,339
1862-'63
·
27, 121
93, 668
809
10,998
2,770
8, 306
1963-'64
24, 635
112, 509
895
5, 914
4,860
18, 439
1864-'65
20
60 27, 582
136, 9611, 613
17, 561
5,047
17, 178
20
1866-'67
60
5
$10
25, 153
127, 117 99
1, 178
3 072
9, 548
18
102
1867-'68.
6
21
25, 612
116, 180'2, 060
11, 672
4,022
11, 219
166
543
1868-'69
18
36
19, 654 95, 0012, 553
10, 965
4, 949
15,758
113
1869-'70 ..
317
9
45
21, 473
91, 6961, 048
5,488
6, 128
15,726
135
1870-'71
521
11
45
207
1,219 15, 155
78, 3181, 048
5,327
6, 899
15, 264
50
1871-'72
190
18, 408
94, 790|
987
4, 653
6, 736
18, 275
81
1872-'73
170
100
200
21, 730
101, 571|1, 446
6, 704
8, 013
1873-'74.
20, 331
215
684
15, 940
73, 4221, 716
8, 516
1874-'75
8, 144 | 16, 676
47
234
40
150 21, 194
1875-'76..
103, 986'4, 494 | 21,379
8,950
18, 955
379
10
1876-77
15
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79
28
*88
35
60
81
-
-
|17, 027|||| 74, 706,5, 806 28, 353
17, 006 71, 2904, 293 19, 014
9, 764
44, 3166, 083 26, 531 15, 420
28, 550 112, 4745, 287 | 24, 024 |
45,
1,896
8,051
19, 103
2, 007
5, 948
11, 900 |
24, 837
4,806
9, 858
27, 186
1, 948
7, 558
16, 251
26, 984
4,754
10,498
14 FOR
210
EXPORTATION OF TIMBER, SHIP TIMBER, ETC.
V.-TIMBER, SHIP TIMBER, ETC.
1. General Summary of Exportation of Timber from 1801-'02 to 1878-79:
(a.) Exportation by Quantities (tons) annually from 1801-'02 to 1853–54.
(b.) Exportation by Quantities (tons) and Values annually from 1854-55 to 1867-'68.
(c.) Exportation by Quantities (cubic feet) and Values annually from 1868–269 to
1878-79.
(d.) Exportation of Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, by Quantities (tons) annu-
ally, from 1820-21 to 1853–54.
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, by Quantities
(tons) and Values annually, from 1854-'55 to 1867–268.
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, by Quantities
(cubic feet) and Values annually, from 1868-'69 to 1878-'79, with General
Summary.
(9.) Exportation of Timber by Districts, Quantities and Values, from 1855-56 to
1878-79.
2. Masts, Spars, and articles employed in Ship and Boat Building, etc.; Whole Timber:
(a.) Articles and Number or Quantity as specified, 1789-'90 to 1794-'95.
(b.) Exportation of Masts and Spars: Values annually, 1801-'02 to 1878-79.
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Foreign Countries: Values annually from
1820-21 to 1853-54.
(d.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Foreign Countries: Values annually from
1863-64 to 1867-'68.
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber by Foreign Coun-
tries: Values annually from 1868-69 to 1878-'79, with General Summaries.
(f.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Districts: Values annually from 1863–64
to 1867-68. (Condensed headings.)
(9.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber by Districts:
Values annually from 1868-69 to 1878-79.
(h.) Exportation of Boats and Oars by Districts: Values annually, 1863–64 to
1867-68.
(i.) Exportation of Treenails by Districts: Quantities and Values, 1863-64 and
1864-'65.
3. Other Timber and Wood Products:
(a.) Various Timber and Wood Products exported before 1803.
(b.) Exportation of "all other Timbers": Values annually from 1868-69 to 1878–79.
(c.) Exportation of "all other Timbers" by Foreign Countries from 1868-'69 to
1878-79.
(d.) Exportation of "all other Timbers" by Districts from 1868-'69 to 1878–’79.
1. GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION OF TIMBER, 1801-'02 to 1878-79.
(a.) Exportation by Quantities (tons) annually from 1801-'02 to 1853–’54.


Years.
Tons.
Years.
Tons.
Years.
Tons.
Years.
Tons.
1801-'02
10, 222
1815-'16
63, 162
1828-'29
1802-'03
20, 172
36, 435
1841-'42
1816-'17
25, 005
1829-'30
1803-'04
10, 826
19, 203
1842-'43
1817-'18
26, 492
1830-'31
1804-'05
18, 063
32, 335
1843-'44
1818-'19
76, 492
1831-'32
1805-'00
25,878
26, 439
1844-'45
1819-'20.
·
17,800
1832-'33
1806-'07
20, 247
1815-'46
4855
1820-'21
15,220
13, 633
1,230
4,700
4,590
6, 779
1833-'34
·
1807-'08
20, 383
1846-'47
7,412
1821-'22
10, 487
1834-35
1808-'09
·
36, 020
24, 342
1847-'48
1822-'23
3,756
1835-'36
1809-'10
28, 744
1848-'49
103, 296
1823-'24
9,714
21, 093
9, 979
7, 166
1836-'37
1810-'11
116, 428
17, 187
1849-'50
1824-'25
-
18, 176
20, 287
1837-'38
1811-'12
21, 238
1850-'51
52, 442
1812-'13
1813-'14.
-
1,671
127
1825-'26
1826-'27
7,515
1838-'39
13, 372
20, 899
1851-'52
5, 940
24, 409
1839-'40
12, 148
1852-'53
1827-'28
4, 523
45, 564
1840-'41
1814-'15
7,696
61, 249
1853-'54
41, 964
EXPORTATION OF TIMBER, SHIP TIMBER,
TIMBER, ETC.
211
(b.) Exportation by Quantities (tons) and Values from 1854-'55 to 1867-'68.

Years.
Tons.
Value.
Value
per ton.
Years.
Tons.
Value.
Value
per ton.
1854-'55
52, 377
$306, 643
$5.85
1861-'62
1855-'56
34, 260
234, 969
6.86
1662-'63
4,391
344
$138, 521
$31. 54
1850-'57
7,936
20.14
68, 265
516, 735
7.57
1863-'64
-
6, 742
87,289
12.95
1857-'58
41, 474
292, 163
7.04
1864-'65
4, 133
1858-'59
69, 695
16.86
48, 849
367, 609
7.94
1865-'66
19, 975
1859-'60
868, 078
18.42
32, 376
231, 668
7.15
1866-'67
51, 467
1860-'61
571, 813
11. 11
8, 821
97,875
11. 09 1867-'68
75, 720
844, 499
21.15
(c.) Exportation by Quantities (Cubic feet) and Values from 1868-69 to 1878-79.

Years.
Cubic feet. Value.
Value per
cubic foot.
Years.
Cubic feet.
Value.
Value per
cubic foot.
1868-'69
4, 623, 600
$846, 772
$0 18.3
1874-'75
13, 553, 714
$2,357, 842
$0 17.4
1869-'70
7, 115, 975
1, 219, 074
17.1
1875-'76
21, 786, 414
3, 463, 352
15.9
1870-'71
7, 115, 067
1, 309, 094
18. 4
1876-'77
20, 640, 259
3, 124, 412
15. 1
1871-'72
12, 594, 738
2, 107, 674
16.7
1877-'78
18, 361, 915
2, 662, 785
14.5
1872-'73
14, 154, 244
2,731, 635
19.3
1878-'79
13, 265, 241
1,748, 525
13. 1
1873-'74.
25, 299, 048
4, 422, 160
17.5
¹In 1861-'62 and 1862-'63 reported as "Hewn and other Timber.
In 1863-'64 and 1864-'65 reported as
"Timber rough or hewn, and all Ship Timber not otherwise specified." Since 1868 this table includes
timber "sawed or hewn."
212
EXPORTATION OF
OF HEWN TIMBER.
}
(d.) Exportation of Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries from 1820-'21 to 1853-54 (tons).

Years.
Brazil.
Chili.
Denmark and
Danish
West Indies.
France and French Colonies.
France.
Great Britain
and British
Colonies.
Great Britain.
Denmark.
Danish West Indies.
Total.
Mediterrancan
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Total France.
and American Colonies.
French West Indies
Total France and
French Colonies.
Germany
(Hanse Towns,
Bremen, &c.).


England.
Scotland.
1820-'21
1821-'22.
1822-'23.
1823-24.
1824-'25.
1825-'26..
1826-'27.
1827-'28.
1828-'29.
1829-'30...
1830-'31.
1831-'32.
1832-'33.
-
1833-34..
1834-'35.
1835-'36..
1836-'37.
1837-'38
1838-'39...
1839-'40.
1840-'41.
1841-'42..
1842-'43.
22
2203
71
71
20
581
581
255
3, 273
3, 273
570
134
134
148 148
18
402
398
398
828
168
168
564
5641
1, 331
70
19
19
716
716
173
573
38
60 15
176
191
1, 080 1,080)
1,687
124
9, 293 9,293
|15, 831|15, 831
294
762
762
45
188
233
300
533
1,478
50
7
7
2,238
28
28
•
3,988
96
31
31
5
5
474
4
4
84
84
135
95
95
95
210
32
932
2
2
•
538
•
1,008
51
51
83
22
9
22
9
58
58
3,399
43
43
4, 567
548
548
1, 009
446
3
3
26
29
110
13
13
1843-'44
1844-'45.
1845-'46.
13
1,905
619
1846-'47...
592 592
2
1847-'48.
96
1,500 3,357 4, 857
594
4,857
1, 464
30
5,304
5, 304 1,958
1848-'49.
175 529
4,517 2, 337
1849-'50...
320
1850-'51.
372 505 877
701 289 990
880 1,757
14, 968
990
718
1851-'52.
1,874 1, 616
3, 490|
3, 490
3,767
2, 827! 1, 388
10, 789 1, 219
1852-'53.
664 1, 406
2, 070
2, 070
242
28, 457
533
1853-'54.
373 721
1,094
1, 094
25, 395 1,490
EXPORTATION OF HEWN TIMBER.
213
?
(d.) Exportation of Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.

Great Britain.
Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Ireland.
Total Great
Britain.
British East In-
dies.
British
West
Indies.
Holland
and Dutch
Colonies.
Italy.
British Guiana.
British
North
America (Can-
ada, &c.).
Total British
Colonics.
British Colonies.
Total Great Britain
and Colonies.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch West Indies.

Total.
Sardinia.
Tuscany.
1820-'21
1821-'22
255
·
570
182
3, 812
13, 792
13,974
1822-'23
1, 440
482
1,603
4, 294
3. 103
14, 229 251
(¹)
4, 804 748
3, 103 417
1823-'24
402
726
5, 229
5, 955
6, 357 479
12
12
+
1824-'25
828
217
16, 529
16,746
17,
17, 574
20
1825-'26
1, 401
636
4, 148
4, 784
6, 185 128
1826-'27
746
98
3, 719
3, 817
4, 563 205
80
80
1827-'28
1, 811
-
1, 195
1, 195
3,000 40
1828-'29
294
6,882
6, 882
7,176 27
200 200
1829-'30
1830-'31
1, 528
2,238
16, 204
16, 204
17, 732
11
103
29, 967
30, 070
32, 308
1831-32
3, 984...
274
22, 141
22, 415
26, 399
8
1832-'33
474
75
427
18, 866
19, 293
19, 767
16
4
12
16
1833-34
135
622
19, 159
19,781
19, 916
52
4
4
1834-35
242
128
35, 210
35, 338
1835-'36
35, 580
1
1
932
54
27, 179
27, 233
28, 165 100
1836-'37
538
165
16, 092
16, 257
16, 795
36
1
1
1837-'38
1, 008
301
19, 273
19, 574
20, 582
1838-39
510
19, 422
19, 932
19, 932
•
1839-'40
3, 399
43
-
8,470
8, 513
11, 912
1840-'41
4, 567
2, 131
53, 721
55, 852
60, 419
6
6
1841-'42
1, 455
2,673
7,894
10,577
12, 032
1842-'43
19
-
129
28
900
928
1,057
4
4
1843-'44
5
4,570
4, 575
4, 575
1844-'45
34
3
37
37
1845-'46
490
3, 014
207
3, 004
3, 301
6, 315
1846-'47
327
1, 821
951
267
3, 021
4, 239
6, 060
1847-'48
4,999
12, 261
182
1, 730
4,371
6, 283
18, 544
6
6
1848-'49
860
7,714
192
1,287
1, 479
9, 193
1849-'50
-
104
1,757
16,725.
827
827
17, 552
1850-'51
·
835
5,047
786
786
5, 833
797
797 175
1851-'52
12, 008
39
4, 458
4, 497
16, 505
826
1852-'53
826
28, 990
2, 036
2,036
1853-54
31, 026
335
335 78
2,161 29,046
2,503
17,815
20, 318
49, 364
440
440
·
"Italy and Malta" 9.
214
EXPORTATION OF HEWN TIMBER.
#
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Portuguese Pos-
sessions.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Spanish Colo-
nies.
stated in-
Country
definitely.

Mexico.
New Grenada.
Cape de Verde Isl'ds.
Fayal and other Azores.
Madeira.
Total.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Total.
Cuba.
Other Spanish
West Indies.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Total Spain and Span-
ish Colonies.
Swedish West Indies.
Africa.
South America.
West Indies generally.
1820-'21.
1821-'22.
1822-'23.
1823-'24.
-
32
3, 630
3, 630 3, 630
34
8
112
8
112
32
29
61
61
16
6
30
30
30
1824-25
176
2
2
2
6
• •
1825-'26..
455
10
465
465
1826-'27.
186
186
186 401
33 100
1827-'28.
44
6
50
50
1828-'29.
1829-'30..
40
3,825 40
50
មធមវីដ
11
12
43
15
1830-31.
20
20
201
·
1831-'32.
1832-'33.
231
231
231
10
1833-'34.
54 81
135 135
20 138
1834-35.
18
18
298
298 298
1835-'36.
377 22
399 399
88888
28
1836-'37
310 36
346
346
1837-'38.
612
612
612
1838-'39.
829
8291 829
1839-'40.
492
492 492
1840-'41..
784
784 784
10
1841-'42.
1, 012
1,012 1, 012
29
1842-'43.
140
140 140
1843-'44.
112
1844-'45.
9
9
1, 515
112 112
25 1, 540 1, 540
1845-'46.
494
494
494
1846-'47
52 215
567 1,443
•
1, 443 2, 010
1847-'48.
19
1848-'49.
19 410
57
410
245
245
655
57
329
329
386
1849-'50.
571 122
693
693
1850-'51.
115
579
579
573
573 1,152
-
1851-'52.
1,377 1, 377
752
752 2,124
34
1852-'53
1853-54.
1, 4231, 423
837
837 2, 270
156
410
45 455
700
= •
700
700 1,155
155
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
215
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, 1854–55 to 1867-'68.
(Quantities and Values.)
1854-55
1855-'56.
1850-57
1857-58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-61
1861-'62
1862-'63
-
1863-'64
1864-'65
1805-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
-
►
Argentino Re-
public.
Belgium,
Brazil.
Chili.

Years.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value. Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
500 $3, 899
400
887
$4,000
1,200
$6,000
7, 004
685
4,671
512
2,560
278
2, 907
25
1, 710
500
44, 087
306
190
2,750
3, 611 | 90, 278
48
4, 748
816
China.
Danish West
Indies.
Years.
France and French Colonies.
France.
Atlantic Ports.
Mediterranean
Ports.

Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1854-'55..
1855-56
869 $4,400
1856-'57
3, 369 $22, 549
1,619 | 11, 725
1, 604
672
$5,948
13, 041
1,097
1857-'58
1,212
9,445
309
5,849
2, 721
1858-'59
90
982
175
3, 600
1859-'60
1, 288
1860-'61
229
13, 350
2,900
429
2, 722
1861-'62
3
103
1862-'63
1863-'64
60
617
1864-'65
-
1865-'66
694
6, 332
1866-67
263
1,628
1867-68.
709
9, 158
225
2,025

France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.

Years.
Total France.
North American
Possessions.
West Indies.
French Guiana.
Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1854-'55
4,041 $28, 497
1855-'56.
1, 619
11, 725
1856-'57
172 $1,300
2, 791
18, 890
1857-'58
1, 521
12, 160
76
1858-59
175
3,600
60
1859-'60
1,057
1, 214
1,717
16, 072
1860-'61
229
2, 900
1861-'62
1862-'63
30
720
1863-'64
81
1, 100
1864-'65
1865-'66
694
6, 332
1866-'67
263
1, 628
1867-'68..
934 | 11, 183
Central Republic, 1859–'60, 346 tons, $2,700.
216
EXPORTATION OF SAWED
SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
Years.
Total France
and
French Colonies.
Gormany.

Bremen.
Hamburg.
Other German
Ports.
Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1854-'55.
4,041 $28, 497
1855-56
3, 641 $10, 441
622
1,791
13, 025
$5,575
362
1856-'57
2,382
2,791
18, 890
268
1857-'58
2,586
1,507 |
13, 223
611
185-'59
7,165
281
1, 797
235
4, 814
1859-'60
--
1,717
276 $3,400
150
16, 072
1,228
474
1860-'61
4,840
229
2,907
1861-'62
650
5, 468
1862-'63
30
720
35
1863-'64
2, 560
81
1, 120
1864-'65
1865-'66
694
6, 332
45
1866-'67
6, 638
►
263
1, 628
390
5, 500
1867-'68
934
11, 183
293
7,934
414
10, 779
1113
11, 400
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Total Germany.
Great Britain.
Years.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.

Tons. Value. Tons.
Value. Tons.
Value. Tons.
Value.
1854-'55..
1855-'56
3, 263 $16, 016 | 23, 631
$41, 204
362
2, 382
12, 151
1856-'57
84, 287
2, 547 $15, 495
3, 116 22, 133
3, 369
1, 113
$16, 348
8, 097
268
2,586
40, 097
321, 075
1857-'58
5, 576 | 45, 410
2,988
23, 192
892
8, 962
14, 191
98, 160
1858-'59
3, 029
21, 992
4, 534
24, 572
·
426
4, 628
35, 022
250, 808
1859-'60
1, 515
9, 832
4, 265
31, 730
474
4,340
18, 837
129, 602
102
1860-'61
1, 452
6, 412
42, 7:4
650
5, 468
6, 120
1861-'62
74, 732
1862-'63
35
2, 560
1863-'64
1864-'65
1, 953 | 34, 971
1865-'66
45
6, 638
15, 254 273, 364
1866-67
390
5, 500
33, 535 313, 408
1867-'68
139 5, 575
1,240 | 13, 913
218
1, 990
512
5, 309
820
20, 111
54, 239 548, 760
2, 180
31, 370
744
5, 811
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.

Years.
Total.
Gibraltar.
Malta.
Canada.2
Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1854-*55
1855-'56
29, 547 $173,047
16, 380 114,517
47, 661 389,677
21, 754 | 144,724
292,370
40, 872
25, 411
1860-'01
173,798
240
$2,700
781
2, 616
6, 062
31, 883
3, 407
16, 685
70
700
1861-'62
6, 120
74,732
1862-'63
4, 216
135,090
1863-'64
1,775
1864-'65
30,880
200
3, 170
1, 953
1865-'66
1866-'67
1807-'68
34,971
=
15, 621
280,929
11
1, 111
125
15, 781
35, 287
276
332,630
6, 539
57, 163
585 941
4, 572
48, 535
9, 318
93, 840
1 Prussia.
2 The last five years reported as "Quebec, Ontario, etc."
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
217
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Other British
North American
possessions.¹
British West In-
dies.
British Honduras.
British Guiana.
Tons.
Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
1854-'55
6, 584
$37, 416
332
1855-'56
$2,073
6, 525
46, 567
341
2, 661
1856-'57
5, 464
35, 201
341
1857-'58
1,840
1, 985
11, 768
118
1858-'59
2, 129
1,380
1, 375
9, 299
90
670
90
1859-'60
$1,448
524
2, 582
18, 292
1860-'61
387
2,558
10
1861-'62
1,250
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
240
2, 880
605
1865-'66
13, 115
1, 116
11, 775
439
1866-'67
4, 460
839
14, 491
140
1867-'68
4, 930
618
5, 569
7
200
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British Posses-
sions in Africa.
Australia.
East Indies.
Total British Col-
ouies.


Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tous. Value.
1854-'55
100
$1,600
121
1855-'56
$1, 450
7,377
$44,939
73
1856-'57
1,033
7,720
52,880
1857-'58
11, 767
67, 924
1858-'59
6, 890
32, 030
59$
3,845
56
1859-'60
2,230
2,274
17, 268
1860-'61
2, 582
18, 292
1861-'62
397
3, 450
(2)
(2)
1862-'63
(2)
(2)
150
2,719
1863-'61
290
3, 170
1864-'65
1.1
125
1865-'66
1 956
31, 776
1866-'67
1, 831
22, 774
1867-'68
5, 551
67, 956
9, 913
99, 609
In the last five years reported as "New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, &c."
2 British East Indies and Australia, 150 tons, value, $2,719.

Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Total Great Britain and
Colonies.
Holland.
Dutch Guiana.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
1854-'55..
1855-'56.
36, 924
$17,986
24, 100
1856-'57.
167, 397
4,336
958
60, 428
1857-58..
458, 601
28, 644
1858-'59.
176, 754
1, 581
1, 419
$25, 633
7,086
12, 873
14, 428
30
$600
43, 146
1859-'60.
309, 638
150
1,228
27, 993
1860-'61.
192, 090
6, 517
1861-'62.
1862-'63
4,366
81, 540
137, 809
•
290
1863-'64.
3, 170
1864-'65:
1,786
31, 005
3, 909
1865-'66.
66, 747
17, 452
1866-'67.
293, 703
40, 838
1867-'68.
400, 586
67, 106
685, 550
218
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
(e). Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)

Total Holland and
Dutch Colonies.
Italy.¹
Mexico.
Peru.
Years.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value- Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
1854-'55
1855-56
4,336
988
$25, 633
7,686
1856-'57
1, 581
12, 873
1857-'58
1, 419
14, 428
24, 786
1858-'59
150
1, 228
2543, 073
1
1859-'60
653 $14,500
19
625
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
12
309
1863-'64
4,764
1864-'65
53, 749
1865-'66
1866-67
1867-'68
·
-
1,309
1, 568
13, 207
15, 680
50
2,800
158
1, 581

Years.
1854-'55
1855-'56...
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1850-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-68
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.

Portugal.
Madeira.
Cape de Verde Is-
lands.
Azores.
Tons. Value. Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value.
8
$190
-
9
$45
·
90
20
$1,561
711
12
73
26
690
1 Tuscany, Sardinia, two Sicilies, Papal States, and Austrian Possessions in Italy.
2 Austrian possessions. New Granada, 1865-'66, 416 tons, $7,000; Hayti, 1866-'67, 19 tons, $484.
Total Portugal
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Spain.
and Portuguese Sandwich Islands.
Colonics.
San Domingo.
Years.
Atlantic Ports.

Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
1854-'55...
8
1855-'56
90
$190
1, 561
3
$11
135
986
1, 190
305
$1,047
3, 225
1856-57 ..
20
711
1, 211
7,625
1857-'58
12
73
1,499
14, 291
1858-'59
·
1, 047
8,796
1859-'60
G
45
690
•
6, 469
1860-61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
•
1865-'66.
26
690
1866-'67
1867-'68
85
2, 438
472
14, 639
36, 117
7, 413
ค
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
219
(e.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
Spain and Spanis Colonies.
Spain.
Spanish Colonies.

Years.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Total Spain.
Canary Islands.
Philippine
Islands.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value.
1854-'55
213
$1,500
348
$2,547
1855-'56..
879
6, 106
1, 184
9, 330
1856-'57
698
7,745
1, 909
15, 370
1857-'58
968
6, 459
2,467
20, 750
1858-'59...
809
6, 591
1, 856
15, 387
1859-'60
690
6, 469
1860-'61
1, 323
10, 406
1, 323
10, 406
1861-'62
1862-'03
1863-'64
40
568
1864-'65
234
2, 952
1865-'66
177
1, 200
202
14, 839
1866-'67
1867-'68
3,478
50
51, 852
5, 916
87,969
245
552
7,658
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Total Spain and
Spanish Colonies.
Swedish West
Indies.

Tons.
Value. Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Tons.
Value.
Value.
1854-'55
756
$5, 117
1855-56
1,128
6, 635
1, 104
2,312
$7, 664
1856-'57
15,965
756
5, 144
3, 065
1857-'18
19, 914
1, 319
11, 993
1858-'59
3, 786
32, 683
1, 869
13, 140
3,725
1859-'60
28, 527
738
5, 754
1860-'61
1, 428
12, 223
102
561
1861-'02
1, 425
10, 967
1862-'63
139
11,486
39
1863-'64
111
1230
51
1864-'65
1,486
798
224
1865-'66
2, 952
1,010
19, 522
1866-'67 ..
285
2, 175
1867-'68
1,272
6, 201
35, 361
90, 144
110
1, 537
632
9, 195
"Other Islands in the Pacific," 1861-'62, 10 tons, $300. Sweden and Norway, 1867-'68, 610 tons, $6,665.
¹Spanish West Indies.

1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'03
1863-'64
-
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68.
United States of
Colombia.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Other Ports in
Africa
Years.


Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
98
646
$646
5, 168
24
$324
20
$290
574
390
45
381
43
8, 629
688
4,520
3, 702
7,854
•
220
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
(Quantities and Values.)


Cubic
Argentine
Republic
Belgium.
Denmark
and Danish
France and
French Col-
onies.
Brazil.
Chili.
China.
West In-
Years.
1
dies.¹
feet.
Value.
Cubic
fect.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
1868-'69 10,400 $1, 919
1869-'70
56, 675 $16, 983 41, 256 $10, 254
1870-'71 1,000 115 35, 000 8, 500/50, 916| 24, 446|
64, 332 10, 97517, 583 2, 536|
72, 275
23, 309
97, 113 17, 753
93, 331 14, 905|14, 628|||| 3,659
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
223, 039 34, 559
1876-'77
1877-'78
153, 961| 18, 820
1878-'79
28, 763 3, 015
44, 037 4, 789
48, 000 $4, 8004, 800 $575
7, 166, 1, 335
1, 560
France and French Colonies.
French Col-
onies.
284 17, 931 $4, 973
59, 000 9, 260
52, 990 9, 096
36, 600, 5, 010
Germany.
Cubic
feet.
France.
Value.
156, 100 $46, 412
135, 672 28, 074
43, 108 6, 897
111, 026 21, 243
346, 083 82, 549
535, 778 95, 769
612, 414 107, 245
870, 335 123, 607
787, 305 113, 114
1,054, 328,144, 424
827, 416,100, 710

Years.
Total France and
French Colonies.
Total
Ger.

Bremen.
Prussia.
Hamburg.
French Pos-
many.
sessions in
America.
1868-'69
1869-70
•
19,100 $3,689
10, 416
2,500
1870-'71
1871-72
1872-73
1873-'74
•
•
175, 200
146, 088
43, 108
$50, 101
100, 899 $34, 076
111, 026
6, 897
21, 243
30, 574 40, 721 $13, 249 19, 200 $3, 451 40, 978 $7, 376 40, 978 7, 376
·
r
346, 083
237, 389 80, 162
/
82, 549
239, 866 48, 130
535, 778
95, 769
1874-75.
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-79
566, 851 108, 283
612, 414
107, 245
-
757, 958138, 823
870, 335
123, 607
803, 607 132, 912
816, 751
117, 249
393, 682 52, 550
1,063, 059
145, 547
466, 234|| 69, 491
859, 683
104, 422
Great Britain and British Colonies.
387, 880 49, 293
Great Britain.

Years.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.

Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic feet. Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
1868-'69.
1899-'70.
1870-'71
2, 159, 800
4, 086, 045
$427, 665
5, 259
$83, 883
618, 951
595, 382
113, 075
598, 747
3, 858, 784
668, 776
925, 984
163, 180
666, 278
1871-'72
7,972, 241
1,282, 594
1, 250, 534
206, 204
1872-'73 ..
8, 232, 421
1, 591, 502
1, 314, 514
217, 347
759, 602
602, 085
$100, 860
117, 150
122, 209
2, 165, 059
5, 280, 174
$511, 548
832, 886
5, 451, 046
949, 106
9, 982, 377
1, 611, 007
1
1873-74. 13, 927, 790
1874-75.
1875-'76 11, 653, 127
1876-'77 10, 117, 067
1877-'78 .. 9, 203, 882
1878-'79 .. 5, 793, 726
2. 282, 979
101, 849 | 10, 149, 020
1, 810, 698
3,271, 804
521, 972
6, 880, 610
1, 089, 768
593, 972
86, 708
1, 769, 595
2, 365, 624
1, 395, 658
1, 245, 712
2, 340, 698
1, 108, 904
736, 446
1, 188, 742
337, 448
312, 434
144, 569
134, 412
1, 885, 457
921, 344
1,707, 537
1,487, 138
304, 287
141, 184
243, 090 |
19, 085, 051
3, 109, 238
8, 395, 926
1, 317, 720
15, 726, 288
2, 350, 133
186, 733
13, 945, 207
1, 894, 825
}
1,595, 591
1, 580, 460
215, 265
11, 982, 317
1, 606, 046
193, 027
8, 562, 928
1, 063, 885
¹In 1875-'76 reported from Denmark.
French Possessions in Africa, 1876-'77, 29,446 cubic feet ($4,135); 1877-'78, 8,731 cubic feet ($1,123);
1878-'79, 31,400 cubic feet ($3,587). French West Indies, 1878-79, 867 cubic feet ($125). Austria, 1878-'79,
51,702 cubic feet ($6,430).
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
221
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
Gibraltar.
British Colonies.
Canada.
Quebec, Ontario, &c.
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, &c.

Cubic
feet.
Value. Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic feet. Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1, 187, 900
$212, 638
774, 715
1870-'71
185, 967
1, 484, 717
1871-'72
313, 192
40, 482
$6, 072
1, 544, 717
1872-'73
288, 035
92, 744
14, 986
1873-'74
2, 460, 795
33, 297
$544, 907
3. 201
397, 828
$46, 748
1874-75
3, 207, 000
784, 130
191, 080
639, 675
33, 333
131, 413
1875-'76
1, 980, 807
23, 800
482, 122
3, 550
286, 927
59, 029
1876-'77
2, 250, 036
132, 373
530, 671
209, 060
18, 679
41, 651
1877-'78
3, 603, 227
107, 026
782, 821
15, 117
254, 783
47, 849
1878-'79
3, 407, 730
142, 239
654, 266
18, 449
132, 891
21, 944
1, 988, 500
319, 471
123, 182
17, 338
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
Years.
·
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Newfoundland,
Labrador, &c.
West Indies
and British Total British Colonies.
Honduras.
Total Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value. Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
14,500
36, 307
$2,655
8,980
1, 201, 900
811, 022
$215, 293
194, 947
3, 366, 959
6, 091, 196
600
87,000
100
$726, 841
1,027, 833
1, 485, 317
313, 292
6, 936, 363
10, 400
1, 262, 398
1, 585, 199
3, 794
4, 050
304, 507
$511 16, 844
685❘ 10,900
11, 567, 576
2, 167
1, 915, 514
2, 972, 005
60:), 319
13, 121.025
2,000
2, 420, 017
3, 900, 922
921, 429
22, 980, 973
2, 458, 814
4, 030, 667
574, 484
27, 250
10, 854, 740
3,890
12, 172, 464
2, 510, 746
580, 062
462
18, 237, 034
218
2, 930, 195
4, 091, 315
866, 190
18, 036, 518
2,761, 015
3, 649, 647
691, 527
15, 631, 964
2,286, 758
2, 207, 073
390, 058
10, 849, 686
1, 453, 943
British Possessions in Australasia, 600 cubic feet ($300) in 1875-'76; 36,700 cubic feet ($7,046) in 1876–’77.
British East Indies, 53,099 cubic feet ($8.000) in 1876-'77.
British Possessions in Africa, 10,671 cubic feet ($1,577) in 1876-'77.

Holland.
Italy.
Mexico.
Peru.
Portugal.
Years.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
foet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
•
1872-'73
1873-'74 .
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
91, 112
50,000 $15,000
24, 135
48, 100 $16, 201
297, 238 | 56, 696
95, 380
41, 914
5, 800 $1, 218
5,307
11,000 $2, 601
6, 287 30, 087
3, 589
101, 727
48, 335
8,700
15, 876
351, 445
53, 333
2,700
345, 786
54, 674
17, 880
160
2,235
120, 033 $16, 559
502, 052 | 76, 783 11, 832
4, 115 | 40, 494
124, 559 19, 818
8, 120
338, 397
55, 499
81,850
12, 962
18, 403
77, 581
11, 152
55, 176
6, 627
50, 400 12, 100
132, 416| 25, 565
241, 585 43, 518
17, 880 2, 235
215, 416 | 33, 155
566, 441 | 74, 451
720,028 | 96,
96, 299
673, 269 86, 000
86,000
240, 718 | 28, 869
232, 947 | 27,
193, 234
27, 157
Dutch East Indies, 48,637 cubic feet ($7,000) in 1876–77.
British Possessions in Africa, &c., 2,000 cubic feet ($200) in 1877-'78; 32,837 cubic feet ($1,800) in 1878-'79.
222
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Sandwich Is-
lands.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Spain.

Cuba.
Porto Rico.
All other Span-
ish Possessions.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Cubic
Value.
Value.
feet.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
•
1872-'73
1873-'74.
1874-75
1875-76..
1876-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79 ...
Years.
71, 000 $11, 060
| 10,800
$3,700
250
$137 155, 069
7, 153
122, 296 | 21, 353
270
$178
6, 074
1,096
17, 963
3, 772
183, 086 |
24, 140 | 31, 400
3, 600
7,622
13,000
1, 950
$740
26, 215
5, 317
14, 805
3, 607
58,300 |
10, 213
40, 972
11, 226
| 40, 972
11, 226
31, 112
6, 126
270, 528
16, 100
28, 804
6, 627
6, 133
16, 776
3,378
2,091
2,375
201
9, 216
1,207
Sweden and Nor- United States
way.
of Colombia.
Uruguay.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand
Divisions.
Mediterranean
Europe.
Atlantic Ports.¹
Ports.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value. Cubic feet.
Value.
1868-'69
12,700 $4, 525
1869-'70.
48, 100 $16, 201
2, 164, 059
$511, 548
22, 042 $4, 921
1870-'71
297, 238
56, 696
5, 379, 174
1871-'72
35, 380
5, 307
4, 051, 046
74, 316 | 13, 062
41, 914
1872-'73 .
101, 637 $18, 922
6, 287 |
101, 727
1873-'74.
219, 837 | 38, 637
15, 876
351, 445
1874-'75.
162, 414 | 26, 693
53, 333
345, 786
1875-'76
54, 674
185, 178
33, 085
10,022, 859
10, 241, 764
19, 244, 381
8,719, 622
792, 886
949, 106
1, 617, 079
1,925, 684
3, 138, 998
1, 370, 871
502, 052
76, 783
1876-'77 .
231, 164
16, 088, 485
37, 484
2, 409, 182
1877-'78
1878-'79.
240, 718
28, 869
121, 354 | 18, 323
14, 159, 426
1,926, 466
99, 126
11, 761
1, 118
32, 172
148
5, 650
232,947 | 27, 157
244, 996 | 24,
833
12, 886, 952
8, 700, 343
1,728, 614
1, 088, 961
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77 .
1877-'78
1878-'79
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Europe.
Years.
Continental Ports on
the Baltic and
North Seas.
Asia, Australasia, &c.
Total.2
Cubic feet. Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
69, 200
97, 653
35, 000
$18, 345
19, 359
8, 500
2, 508, 459
6, 064, 806
4, 164, 534
$603, 566
884, 168
875, 838
4,800
$575
250
352, 121
103, 237 | 10, 545, 883
1,751 618
7,166
1, 560
137
1, 335
254
606, 144
1, 125, 386
1, 031, 583
1, 479, 630
1, 380, 848
105, 927❘ 11, 308, 718
208, 191
183, 656
242,807
188, 315 | 16, 597,
2, 131, 986
21, 271, 795
3, 499, 898
10, 750, 377
1, 727, 672
18, 971, 614
2,858, 505
101
2, 263, 391
600
138, 436
300
22, 046
616, 351
1, 204, 232
81, 829 14,797, 354
151, 843 11, 046, 203
1, 985, 402
1, 367, 554
1 Excepting France and Spain.
2 This total includes France and Spain, not embraced in the preceding columns.
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
223
(f.) Exportation of Sawed and Hewn Timber by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
(Quantities and Values.)
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Years.
Atlantic Isl-
ands (Span-
ish and Por-
tuguese.)
West Indies.¹
Atlantic ports. Pacific ports.
Total.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
Cubic
feet.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
•
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
10, 945
176, 804 |
$6, 355 | 23, 100 |
$6, 444 | 48,000
$4,800 | 71,100
$11, 244
35, 484 | 63, 298 |
15, 180
1,000
2, 602
61,
61, 298
17,382
-
·
6, 674
1, 196❘
51,
51, 916
24, 561
51, 916
7, 622
$740
301, 496 |
38, 140
48, 335
8,700 | 48, 335
24, 561
8,700
26, 215 |
26, 307
76, 074
15, 598
76, 074
15, 598
75, 144
7,317
14, 628
3,659
14, 628
3, 659
110, 872 |
20, 486
297, 778 |
19, 990
40, 494
8, 120 40, 494
8, 120
6, 595
2, 091
2,593
201
1, 118
867
125 | 32, 172
148
5,650
1, 118
148
32, 172
5, 650
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Years.
Mexico and Central
America.
Other North Ameri-
can ports and isl-
ands.
Uncertain.
Cubic feet. Value.
Cubic feet.
Value.
Cubic fect.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70..
1870-'71
5,800
$1,218
11, 874 | $212, 638
774, 715
19, 100
$3,689
185, 967
10, 416
2,500
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1, 484, 717
313, 192
-
30, 087
3, 589
1, 549, 925
288, 035
2,858, 623
591, 655
·
2,700
17, 880
1875-'76
162
2,235
3, 850, 469
915, 924
2,271, 784
541, 836
16, 832
4, 115
1870-'77
2, 459, 096
572, 322
1877-'78 ...
3,858, 010
830, 670
1878-'79..
3, 540, 621
676, 210
2, 111, 682
366, 809
¹Including British Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
African ports, 90,117 cubic feet ($5,712) in 1876–’77.
1
1


224
TIMBER.
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN HEWN
R
แ
(g.) Exportation of Timber, by Districts, from 1854-55 to 1878-79. (Quantities and Values.)
[From 1855-'56 to 1860-'61, reported as "Hewn Timber;" in 1861-'62 and 1862–'63, as Timber, Hewn and
Other;" in 1863-'64 and 1864-'65, as "Timber, Rough or Hewed, and all Ship Timber;" in 1866-'67 and
1867-'68, as Timber;" and afterward as "Timber, Sawed and Hewed."]

State or Territory.
Districts.
Years.
Quantities.
Valucs.
Maine
Passamaquoddy
1860-'61
116 tons..
$855
1864-'65
15 tons..
916
Waldoboro
1878-'79
4,800 cubic feet..
2,000
Bangor
Belfast.
1858-'59
169 tons..
2,589
1866-'67
20 tons..
300
Portland.
1862-'63
49 tous.
1, 686
Massachusetts.
Salem and Beverley
1870-'71
7, 166 M feet..
1, 335
Boston..
1855-'56
289 tons..
5, 357
1856-'57
20 tons.
717
1860-'61
802 tons.
20, 064
1861-'62
3, 397 tons..
103, 549
1862-'63
55 tons.
1, 170
New Bedford
159-'60
9 fons.
46
Connecticut
New London...
1859-'60
1869-70
157 tons..
270 M feet..
2, 197
178
New York.
Seaboard...
1857-'58
5, 153 tons..
51, 586
1858-'59
56 tons..
2, 330
1863-'04
2, 121 tons..
27, 248
1864-'65
1,797 tons.
48, 227
1865-'66
6, 327 tons.
137, 123
1866-'67
500 tons.
15, 000
1873-'74
80, 000 cubic feet..
8,500
1875-'76
58, 860 cubic feet.
27, 734
1875-'76
174, 394 cubic feet.
69, 500
Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia.
1862-'63
65 tons..
1863-'64
11 tons.
Delaware
Delaware district.
1861-'62
969 tons.
3,280
250
34, 260
1863-'64
2, 864 tons..
28, 169
1868-'69
109 tons.
4, 415
Maryland...
Baltimore.....
1863-'64
1, 760 tons
29, 964
1867-'68
2 tons..
23
1870-'71
43, 623 cubic feet.
43, 626
1871-'72
53, 212 cubic feet..
42, 336
1872-'73
30, 760 cubic feet..
28, 213
Eastern Maryland
1876-'77
19, 570 cubic feet..
7,550
- District of Columbia..
Virginia.
Georgetown
1857-'58
300 tous..
7, 158
Alexandria
1857-'58
260 tons.
3, 755
1868-'69
418 tons.
-
23, 590
Richmond
1874-'75
30, 449 cubic feet
26, 415
1875-'76
10, 570 cubic feet.
7,825
1876-'77
38, 732 cubic feet….
16, 020
Norfolk and Portsmouth..
1858-'59
1, 090 tons.
8, 158
1860-'61
725 tons.
22, 690
1869-'70
26, 844 cubic feet..
6, 500
1871-'72
1872-'73
120 cubic feet..
22, 635 cubic feet..
120
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
North Carolina
Washington
1857-'58
7, 046 cubic feet..
13, 817 cubic feet..
33, 950 cubic feet..
18, 891 cubic feet..
200, 626 cubic feet..
52, 004 cubic feet..
76 tons..
7,980
12, 407
7,587
75, 500
18,000
1, 057
9, 527
4, 069
-
1858-'59
60 tons.
1, 214
Pamlico..
1868-'69
211 tons.
3, 844
1875-'76
Wilmington
1855-'56
3. 250 cubic feet..
520 tons...
390
8,470
South Carolina.
Beaufort.
1870-'77
421, 101 cubic feet..
60, 748
1877-'78
510, 482 cubic feet.
92, 911
1878-'79
224, 909 cubic feet..
41, 455
Georgetown
1866-'67
120 tons..
1, 669
1867-'68
154 tons.
2, 167
1875-'76
16, 547 cubic feet
4, 964
Charleston…….
1855-'56
3, 197 tons..
20, 003
1856-'57
3, 334 tons..
17,885
1857-'58
1, 933 tons..
1858-'59
1859-'60
150 tons..
429 tons.
1866-'67
2, 261 tons.
·
-
1867-'68
84 tons
1868-'69
71 tons..
18, 859
1,228
2,722
15, 938
11, 060
402
1869-'70
1870-'71
176, 190 cubic feet..
8,000 cubic feet.
16, 333
1, 159
1871-'72
41, 416 cubic feet.
7,440
1872-'73
213, 972 cubic feet …
7,037
1873-'74
142, 407 cubic feet..
32, 735
1874-'75
1875-'76
16, 846 cubic feet.
28, 832 cubic feet..
1,771
3,779
1876-'77
40, 831 cubic feet.
6, 102
1877-'78
37,777 cubic feet..
5,740
1878-'79
33, 530 cubic feet...
3, 901
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
225
Georgia.....
(g.) Exportation of Timber, by Districts, &c.-Continued.
State or Territory.
Districts.
Savannah..
Years.
Quantities.
Values.
1855-'56
26, 878 tons.
$189, 167
1856-'57
53, 611 tons..
411, 634
1857-'58
23, 857 tons.
139, 766
1858-'59
44, 816 tons.
326, 504
1859-'60
28, 832 tons...
208, 018
1860-'61
6, 949 tons.
51,366
1866-'67
15, 691 tons
203, 011
1867-'68
19, 683 tons.
241, 181
1868-'69
2, 039 tons.
34, 635
1869-'70
312, 931 cubic feet..
56, 697
1870-'71
292, 655 cubic feet..
98, 112
1871-'72
867, 189 cubic feet
144, 141
1872-'73
234, 643 cubic feet..
49, 452
1873-'74
806, 216 cubic feet..
161, 025
1874-'75
601, 567 cubic feet.
99, 743
1875-'76
506, 864 cubic feet..
86, 840
1876-'77
502, 096 cubic feet..
70, 489
1877-'78
288, 187 cubic feet
37, 712
1878-'79
Brunswick .
1856-'57
214, 270 cubic feet..
1, 518 tons..
21, 973
7,185
1869-'70
2, 116, 940 cubic feet
281, 918
1870-'71
1871-'72
949, 300 cubic feet..
2, 440, 683 cubic feet..
207, 038
435, 454
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
2, 941, 814 cubic feet..
5, 402, 600 cubic feet..
2,991, 466 cubic feet..
4, 605, 513 cubic feet..
5, 050, 018 cubic feet..
4, 100, 700 cubic feet..
3, 531, 055 cubic feet..
540, 853
933, 400
482, 480
680, 232
607, 285
505, 059
Florida
Fernandina
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
5, 170 cubic feet..
14, 130 cubic feet..
32, 239 cubic feet..
418, 091
1,240.
3, 460
6, 850
1875-'76
1876-'77
5, 590 cubic feet..
10, 433 cubic feet..
1, 315
3, 405
1877-'78
26, 079 cubic feet..
7, 139
1878-'79
15, 391 cubic feet..
3,376
Key West
1859-'60
134 tons.
5,750
1873-'74
11, 990 cubic feet..
1, 346
1874-'75
6, 368 cubic feet.
1, 367.
1875-'76
Pensacola
1859-'60
5, 369 cubic feet..
880 tons.
500
5, 000
1866-'67
26, 575 tons.
241, 985
1867-'68
39, 980 tons.
366, 334
1868-'69
31, 240 tons.
544, 629
1869-'70
3, 703, 649 cubic feet..
666, 476*
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Apalachicola
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
4,398, 982 cubic feet..
7,404, 664 cubic feet..
7, 695, 727 cubic feet..
1873-174 | 14, 917, 240 cubic feet..
1874-'75
1875-'76 | 12, 846, 812 cubic feet..
9, 475, 723 cubic feet..
8,798, 576 cubic feet.
6, 544, 745 cubic feet..
700 tons...
1,400 tons.
226 tons.
726, 629
1, 161, 781
1, 191, 523
2, 334, 333
6, 731, 255 cubic feet..
1, 042, 149
1, 888, 956
1, 305, 267
1, 160, 878
812, 233
11, 000
10, 941
5, 224
1878-'79
53, 146 cubic feet..
7,227
Alabama.
Mobile.
1855-'56
932 tons...
7,756
1856-'57
2,790 tons.
21, 207
1857-'58
3, 498 tons.
15, 958
1858-'59
1,970 tons.
15, 469
1859-'60
800 tons.
5,000
1873-'74
40, 247 cubic feet..
6, 580
1874-'75
102, 000 cubic feet..
14, 370
1875-'76
282, 346 cubic feet..
41, 967
1876-'77
555, 367 cubic feet..
>
75, 349
1877-'78
466, 518 cubic feet..
53, 378
1878-'79
146, 190 cubic feet..
Louisiana....
17,715
Teche
1874-'75
New Orleans..
1856-'57
30, 319 cubic feet..
230 tons..
5,486
15, 230
1857-'58
1858-'59
1,421 tons...
5 tons...
23, 809
2,500
1859-60
135 tons.
2,935
1860-'61
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
229 tons
83 tons...
83 tons.
40, 155 cubic feet..
2,900
1, 609
3,200
11, 874
1872-'73
548, 079 cubic feet..
358, 542
1873-'74
304, 712 cubic feet..
117, 711
1874-75
145, 896 cubic feet
53, 592
1875-'76
96, 624 cubic feet.
33, 203
1876-'77
75, 684 cubic feet
27, 821
1877-'78
154, 156 cubic feet.
20, 187
1878-'79
56, 807 cubic feet.
8,400
15 FOR
226
EXPORTATION OF SAWED AND HEWN TIMBER.
State or Territory.
Districts.
Mississippi.
Pearl River...
(g.) Exportation of Timber, by Districts, &c.—Continued.
Quantities.
Years.
Values.
1872-'73
1873-'74
8, 500 cubic feet..
191, 563 cubic feet..
$2,000
25, 037
1874-'75
809, 815 cubic feet..
122, 664
1875-'76
742, 910 cubic feet..
101, 626
1876-'77
634, 192 cubic feet..
82, 068
1877-'78
413, 785 cubic feet..
54, 562
1878-79
Texas.
Texas (Galveston)
374, 894 cubic feet
40, 183
1868-'69
83 tons.
Corpus Christi.
1, 718
1873-'74
California..
San Francisco
2,700 cubic feet..
162
1861-'62
Oregon and Washington Several districts
25 tons.
712
1863-'64
Territory.
70 tons..
727
1866-'67
158 tons.
Puget Sound
1, 581
1855-'56
1, 666 tons.
1,590
1857-'58
90 tons.
1867-'68
言
​158 tons.
1,982
1, 581
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
49 tons.
7,181 cubic feet..
7, 166 cubic feet..
656
1, 167
1, 335
1871-'72
Northern frontier....
Superior....
1, 560 cubic feet..
284
1876-'77
274, 500 cubic feet..
32, 295
1877-'78
895, 880 cubic feet..
95, 465
1878-'79
Minnesota (Pembina).
584, 000 cubic feet..
63, 160
1872-'73
Milwaukee
1858-'59
3,000 cubic feet.
276 tons.
Michigan (Grand Haven)
1871-'72
1873-74
169, 000 cubic feet.
1, 226, 500 cubic feet
250
3,400
30, 420
388, 100
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
126, 215 cubic feet..
350, 215 cubic feet..
403, 700 cubic feet..
22, 770
47, 451
53, 027
1877-'78
Huron..
368, 600 cubic feet..
42, 330
1866-'67
413 tons..
3,684
1867-'68
1, 380 tons.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
63, 000 cubic feet.
722, 000 cubic feet..
493, 540 cubic feet..
1, 399, 800 cubic feet.
10, 425
10, 597
13.580
81, 790
255, 838
1873-'74
1, 884, 000 cubic feet..
377, 100
1874-'75
935, 500 cubic feet..
187, 100
1875-'76
938, 500 cubic feet..
187, 700
1876-'77
1,823, 600 cubic feet..
363, 764
1877-'78
831, 100 cubic feet..
163, 870
1878-'79
424, 600 cubic feet..
Detroit
80, 840
1878-'79
Miami (Toledo)
1855-'56
20,000 cubic feet..
781 tons..
3,300
2, 616
1856-'57
5, 483 tons.
-
28, 045
1857-'58
3, 326 tons.
15, 667
1866-'67
3, 134 tons..
23, 365
1867-'68
7, 121 tons.
73, 293
1868-'69
9, 058 tons.
132, 112
1869-'70
532, 110 cubic feet.
?
124, 437
1870-'71
610, 720 cubic feet..
138, 004
1871-'72
661, 700 cubic feet..
136, 095
1872-'73
1873-'74
966, 100 cubic feet..
1, 226, 500 cubic feet..
245, 138
388, 100
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
646, 300 cubic feet..
535,000 cubic feet.
800, 500 cubic feet..
1,045, 822 cubic feet..
170, 275
129, 500
207, 755
265, 200
1878-'79
666, 000 cubic feet..
159, 815
Sandusky.
1867-'68
307 tons...
1870-'71
12, 420 cubic feet..
7,900
4, 550
1873-'74
18, 000 cubic feet.
1874-'75
1878-'79
Niagara.
1856-'57
1867-'68
Buffalo Creek..
1858-'59
Cape Vincent………..
1856-'57
1866-'67
1, 438 tons.
2,000 cubic feet..
35,000 cubic feet..
413 tons.
61 tons.
70 tons..
166 tons.
4,800
300
7,480
2, 238
1, 018
700
1, 600
25, 170
1867-'68
533 tons..
8,000
1868-'69
1,943 tons..
61, 513
1869-'70
136, 374 cubic feet
42, 828
1870-'71
70, 138 cubic feet..
21, 041
1872-'73
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
84, 044 cubic feet..
270, 507 cubic feet..
404, 353 cubic feet..
320, 927 cubic feet.
42, 022
101, 677
162, 506
128, 430
1877-'78
1878-'79
Lake ports (New York) not
1862-'63
specified.
1863-'64
Champlain...
1869-'70
224, 627 cubic feet.
29, 000 cubic feet..
225 tons....
1 ton...
331 cubic feet..
82, 853
7, 200
1,800
15
69
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
227
2.-EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, AND ARTICLES EMPLOYED IN SHIP and Boat
BUILDING, ETC.
(a.) Articles and number or quantity as specified, exported annually, from 1789-'90
to 1794-'95.

Anchor-stocks
Blocks..
Boats.
Booms.
Bowsprits
Breast-hooks
Articles.
Carlings
Cedar and oak knees
Frames of vessels
Frames of scows
Frames of boats
Handspikes
Masts
Masts and spars
·
Mast-hoops
Oars
Spars..
Treenails
!
1789-'90. | 1790-'91.
1790-'91. 1791-'92. 1792-'93. 1793-'94. 1794-'95.
number..
..do...
..do...
867
225
•
7, 040
6, 425
4,814
8
99
88
73
2,864
32
1,856
22
do.
74
.do...
42
23
.do..
74
..do.
·
•
do.
do..
do.
.do.
.do...
13
1, 067
1,080
1
2
2
6
10
2,261
36, 714
33, 775
19, 169
.do.
9, 333
·
2, 423
11,775
297
1, 245
do..
dozens..
number..
6, 944
12, 144
5,727
5, 652
1, 286
4, 056
148
109
27
41, 536
39, 543
..do.
..do..
20, 251
14, 456
34, 352
4, 983
3,757
45, 905
34, 500
91, 632
94, 400
(b.) Exportation of Masts and Spars (values), 1801-'02 to 1878–79.


Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
1801-'02
(¹)
1821-'22
$30, 538
1841-'42
$37, 730
1802-'03
1822-'23
20, 957
1842-'43
19, 669
1803-'04
1823-'24
35, 651
1843-'44
23, 274
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
-
(2)
(2)
1804-'05
$25, 546
-
1824-'25
$56, 261
67, 353
1844-'45
1805-'06
28, 692
1864-'65
15, 760
139, 904
1825-'26
37, 482
1845-'46
21, 682
1865-'66
1806-'07
21, 084
1826-'27
125, 552
37, 460
1846-'47
23, 270
1866-'67
1807-'08
2,088
62, 913
1827-'28
10, 354
1847-'48
129, 760
1867-'68
1808-'09
19, 146
1828-'29
122, 161
17, 768
1848-'49
87, 720
1868-'69
1809-'10
141, 163
1829-'30
3322, 310
13, 327
1849-'50 ..
1810-'11
52, 109
1869-70
108, 029
1830-'31
3535, 522
7,806
1850-'51
70, 095
1870-'71
1811-'12
10, 971
1831-'32
3244, 682
73, 368
1851-'52
1812-'13
95, 459
1871-'72
1, 522
1832-'33
3362, 527
32, 625
1852-'53
1813-'14
129, 628
1872-'73
435
1833-'34
3707, 976
22, 457
1853-'54
-
1814-'15
130, 522
1873-'74
17, 389
1834-'35
3641, 361
39, 437
1854-'55
1815-'16
(2)
1874-'75
19, 513
1835-'36
3572, 801
22,106
1855-'56
1816-'17
(2)
1875-'76
69, 724
1836-'37
·
3616, 197
30, 654
1856-'57
1817-'18
1876-77
1837-'38
3352, 104
36, 150
1857-'58
1818-'19
•
(2)
39, 055
1838-'39
37, 122
1858-'59
1819-'20
1877-'78
1878-'79.
·
49, 030
1839-'40
3613, 706
29, 049
1859-'60
1820-'21
54, 627
1840-'41
58,991
1860-'61
¹Not reported.
2 Not separately reported.
3 Logs, masts, spars, and other whole timber.
}
228
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars by Foreign Countries (values), 1820-21 to 1853-254.

Years.
Argentine Republic and Bue-
nos Ayres.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Republic of South
America.
Chili.
China.
Cisplatine Republic.
France and French Colonies.
France.
French Colonies.
Columbia.
Danish West Indies.
Mediterranean
ports.
Atlantic ports.
Total.
French African
ports.
French West In-
dies.
Miquelon
St. Pierre, &c.
Bourbon.¹
1820-'21
1821-'22
$77
$791
533
734
$1, 301
234
1822-'23
63
45
1823-'24..
216
30
1824-'25
$94
520
$1, 065
500
1825-26..
1,703 $192
69
487
1826-27 ..
1, 153
$194
33 1,402
$16 $16
·
$62
1,692
1, 553
1,294
1,498
556
1827-'28
200
1, 140
46 $292
1828-'29..
86
214
42
1,054 1,463
277
$84
84
1, 386
1, 619
•
•
1829-'30 ..
45
1,380
1830-231 ..
274
479
866 47
120
200 2,453
783
783
-
1, 198
57
789
799
-
1831-'32
70
339 20 54
107
792
577
-
1832-'33
1,076
77
74
579
616
616
1, 155
1833-'34
1, 214
2, 097
217 2,835
2, 915 2,915
1834-35..
227
7,815
61
194
15 1, 566
905 905
1835-'36..
667
5, 607
73
150 1,570
196
303 499
1, 141
1, 422
755
•
•
•
-
1836-'37
400, $1,150
8, 134
65
479
423
1,371 1, 371
1, 082
•
1837-'38..
559
2, 959
250
97
60 1,428
6, 621 6, 621
1, 724
1838-'39
899
7,776
456
363
825
825
949
1839-'40
550
2,406
914
521
901 901
511
1840-'41 1, 440
2,983
1, 496
143
589
24
•
1841-'42.2, 095
1,702
269
262
121 $3, 155
717
3, 669 3, 669
982
[.]
-
1842-'43
166
2, 961
230
144
734
160
766
1843-'44.. 150
3,296
83
6431, 105
50
64
263 263
469
1844-'45
407
1845-'46
783
1, 138
1, 500
336
-
14, 964 14, 964
721
1833, 408
40
1, 089
530 530
760
$320
1846-'47
536
834
3, 967
433
2, 931 2, 931
190
430
1847-'48 1, 071
13, 697
883, 330
949
912
200 35, 944 36, 144]
595 $84
1848-'49
450
6, 662
7971,
797 1,000
247
1, 425
1849-'50
404
7,540
4, 247
1850-'51..1, 042
1, 611
4, 136
1851-'52.
371 1, 260 1, 198
920
1852-'53
300
6, 798
1853-'54
175 4, 634 2, 671
686
6, 274 6, 274]
7, 966 8, 747|16, 713|
520 27, 136 4, 33031, 466
466 31, 544 35, 358 66, 902
779 30, 47449, 232 79, 706
2, 478 33, 859 17, 191 51, 050
85
800
156
50
210
88
390
132
62
141
1 Bourbon (now Reunion) was reported many years with Mauritius, a British colony.
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
229
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Years.
France and
French Colonies.
French
Colonies.
Total French
Colonies.
Total France and
French Colonies.
Germany (Hanse Towns,
&c.).
England.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great
Britain.
British
Colonies.

Gibraltar.

Malta.
1820-'21.
1821-'22...
1822-'23..
1823-'24.
$1, 301
234
1,294
1, 498
$1,301
$8, 544
$8, 544
$239
234
$234 17, 253
17, 253
10
1, 294
12, 141
12, 141
75
1, 498
12, 096
12, 096
1824-'25.
618
618
37, 485
37, 485
1825-'26..
1, 692
1,692
15, 955
15,955
1826-27..
1, 553
1, 569
767
1827-'28.
1, 386
1,470
4, 499
4, 499
250
1828-29...
1, 619
1, 619
4,353
4,353
55
1829-'30...
1, 198
1, 981
1,090
1830-'31.
1, 090
200
799
799
1831-'32.
696
577
577
19, 684
19, 684
1832-'33.
1, 155
1, 771
16, 082
1833-'34.
16, 082
1, 141
4, 056
54
54
1834-'35...
1,422
$156
2, 327
1835-'36...
400
31
755
1,254
200
1836-'37.
200
704
1, 082
2, 453
409
1837-'38.
409
192
44
1, 724
8, 345
1838-'39..
119
949
1,774
156
1839-'40.
156
384
511
1, 412
1840-'41.
24
24
6, 504
1841-'42.
6, 504
57
982
4, 651
1,490
1842-'43...
1, 490
138
926
926
411
1843-'44.
411
2, 469
2,732
420
1844-'45.
721
15, 485
1845-'46.
53
1,080
1, 610
136
1846-'47
136
32
620
3, 551
1847-'48.
$220
220
240
609
36, 753
45, 583
1848-'49.
4,796 | 50, 379
145
885
7, 159
2, 566
32, 117
1849-'50...
$50
32, 167
56
250
206
16, 919
289
75
300
1850-'51..
375
244
298
31, 764
1851-'52..
3, 368
1, 055
120
1, 175
390
67, 292
400
377
1852-'53.
377
127
194
79,900
1853-'54..
1,358
1, 312
2,547
3, 859
75
141
51, 191
16, 222
16, 222
1,036
230
OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
EXPORTATION
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Australia.
Mauritius and
Bourbon.¹
British
Indies.
East
Cape of Good
Hope.
British West
Indies.
British Guiana.
British North
America (Can-
ada, &c.).
Other British
Possessions.
Total British
Colonies.
1820-21.
1821-'22.
1822-'23.
1823-'24.
1824-'25.
1825-26.
1826-27.
1827-28.
1828-29...
$443
750
1, 545
1, 330
$1, 780
3,960
550
264
1,059
$551
$23, 920
$26, 490
247
3, 891 $1,798
10, 349
625
2, 120
3, 370
820
7, 085
8, 919
1, 888
16, 533
19, 480
$512
9, 380
1, 876
13, 313
620
6, 994
9, 711
322
150
722
844
1829-'30.
920
125
1, 819
1830-'31.
205
530
450
572
1831-'32.
197
1,915
899
1832-33...
255
47, 468
48, 622
2,262
1,049
1833-'34.
7,026
10, 337
487
2,470
635
1834-'35.
610
4,357
1, 935
1,528
925
1835-'36.
54
4,873
2, 792
500
1836-'37.
1,277
647
5, 920
3, 574
1837-'38.
1, 215
$432
150
2,323
5, 604
934
1838-'39..
459
230
$444
486
4, 065
4, 675
138
558
1839-'40.
380
7,065
1, 621
430
4, 979
40
1840-'41
1, 327
1,277
1,260
10, 934
7,973
621
1, 650
1841-'42.
3, 362❘ 22, 965
637
36, 628
8, 545
1842-'43
1,348
819
177
11, 533
1,820
724
990
50
1843-'44.
3, 761
822
5, 236
192
643
1844-'45....
430
7,323
701
2,095
1845-'46.
2,858
203
5, 910
40
355
5, 075
974
162
412
1846-'47
7,050
3, 404
900
925
379
1847-'48.
5,848
3,699
62
1, 389
96
1848-'49.
2, 566
7,957
1,095 10, 997
137
1849-'50...
2, 085
168
14, 788
4, 924
380
544
176
1850-'51.
6, 268
96
1, 182
496
1851-'52.
1, 194
2,968
5, 323
153
1, 412
95
347
1852-'53.
7,457
3, 104
150
1,285
50
672
1,388
1853-'54.
1 The French Colony of Bourbon (now Reünion) was included with Mauritius many years.
5,336
6, 649
1,034
1,050
626
11, 783
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
231
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Great Brit-
ain and
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
British
Colonies.
Total Brit-
ish Colo-
nies.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch Colonies.
Dutch Dutch
East In-West In-
dies.
dies.
Total Holland
and Dutch
Colonies.
1820-'21
1821-22
$35, 034 $146
$584
$661
$1, 24:
27, 602
30
192
183
1822-'23
15, 511
484
291
1,696
375
1,987
1823-'24
E
21, 015
460
595
595
1824-'25
>
56, 965
120
256
2, 082
2, 338
1.825-'26
29, 268
102
228
228
1826-'27
9, 711
408
435
435
1827-'28
5,221
48
48
1828-'29
6, 172
50
139
139
1829-'30
1, 620
479
232
232
1830-'31
1, 915
207
92
656
748
1831-'32
68, 306
168
$530
379
37
946
1832-'33
26, 419
30
513
513
1833-'34
4, 411
91
100
100
1834-'35
4,873 1,088
151
100
21
272
1835-'36
6, 120
732
1836-'37
6, 013
366
1, 418
152
1,570
1837-'38
4, 065
108
108
1838-'39
7, 221
190
799
459
1, 258
1839-'40
10,934
45
105
772
877
1840--'41
43, 132
315
139
367
1581
1841-'42
13, 023
744
395
395
1842-'43
4, 172
162
620
782
1843-'44
7,323
60
90
623
713
1844-'45
5, 910
54
50
545
595
1845-'46
7, 186
300
604
604
1846-'47
6, 068
595
128
128
1847-.48
58,336
30
470
2506
1848-'49
46,955
189
420
3723
1849-'50
6, 643
356
3,740
625
902
5,267
1850-'51
4, 143
36
7,215
52
711
7,978
1851-'52...
1852-53
1853-'54
Including $75 for Dutch Guiana.
2 Including $36 for Dutch Guiana.
8 Including $94 for Dutch Guiana
7,834 114
1,195 1, 011
28, 005
640
1,557
2, 197
10, 575
600
11, 175
492
628
300
353
1, 281
232
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foriegn Countries, &c.-Continued.


Years.
Honduras and Campeachy.
Italy (Sardinia, Sicily, &c.).
Mexico.
New Grenada.
Peru.
Portugal.
Cape de Verde
Islands.
Fayal and other
Azores.
Madeira.
Portugal and Portuguese Posses-
sions.
Portuguese Pos-
sessions.
Total Portugal and Por-
tuguese Possessions.
1820-21...
$245
(1)
$22
$113 $870
$1,005
1821-'22.
99
34
24
58
1822-23.
84
64
64
1823-'24.
104
$9
9
1824-'25.
442
-
$36
1825-26...
214
13
13
1826-27.
6
6
1827-'28.
1828-'29.
1829-'30..
1830-'31.
1831-'32.
1832-'33.
1833-'34.
1834-'35
1835-'36...
1836-37...
1837-'38.
1838-'39.
1839-'40.
1840-'41
36
23
23
22
264
322
68
100
83
573
421
49
49
176
$300
266
105
371
134
89
223
569 295
864
-
$142
863
49
912
7,040
29 294
323
576
45 383
57
119
65
241
55
70
85
70
70
1,713
517 2, 587
.685
411
492
1,588
100
260
$242
2,073
38 291
2, 402
30
380 1,338
217
217
1841-'42....
64 290 1,905
74
281
363
718
1842-'43.
322 224
22
226
156
404
1843-'44.
940 1,067
329
308
308
1844-'45.
299
245
245
1845-'46.
9
626
170
170
1846-'47..
206
1847-'48.
396
424
597
40 550
1, 187
1848-'49.
85
53 1,259
225
69 264
558
1849-'50..
35
200
301
96 212
308
1850-'51.
1851-'52..
1852-'53..
1853-'54.
1, 718
304
110
60
170
836
64
268
98
256
103
457
101 6,950
215
460
675
46 1,036 675
750 1,159
124
124
¹Italy and Malta, $92.
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, 233
SPARS,
ETC.
Years.
Sandwich Islands.
Mediterranean ports.
SPARS, (c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued
Spain.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Atlantic ports.
Total Spain.
Teneriffe and other
Canaries.
Cuba.
1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23
1823-'24
-
-
1824-'25
1825-'26..
1826-'27
1827-'28
1828-'29
-
$225 $5, 099
$2, 464
$7,788
52
230
282
37
$339
376
5, 674
539
4, 975
11, 188
+
148
2,050
1,716
635
$100
$100
30 20,409
425
635
28
•
5,794
72
1829-'30
1830-'31
1831-'32
1832-'33
1833-'34
-
1834-'35
1835-'36
1836-'37
1837-'38
1838-'39
1839-'40
-
7
2, 515
20
1, 269
391
368
354
2, 158
2,351
20, 964
663
5, 866
2, 542
1,660
722
$200
200
779
979
4,488
48
4, 536
8,380
147
$403
8,930
1, 196
1, 196
3, 020
42
4, 258
$231
253
253
40
8, 686
25
9, 004
397
397
30
15,758
569
90
16, 844
9, 943
9, 943
250
250
276
5,302
160
1840-'41.
1841-'42
141
141
5,988
141
1, 912
1, 912
160
2,746
52
692
5, 561
1842-'43
•
7,999
150
254
1843-'44
8, 403
840
3, 195
236
706
1844-'45
4, 977
200
1,766
137
2, 103
1845-'46
200
200
388
1,419
1846-'47
1, 918
3,925
995
995
5, 053
9
1847-'48
6, 057
5, 329
150
5, 479
577
2, 617
366
1848-'49
6, 577
6,577
682
7,217
1849-'50
3,580
240
3,820
373
2, 321
63
1850-'51
668
668
275
1, 861
165
1851-'52
6, 996
54
7,050
734
3, 329
77
1852-'53
296
6, 520
432
1853-'54
3,072 23, 310| 26, 382
297
2,737
60
9,039
14, 476
6, 577
2,969
11, 190
7,248
29,576
Other Spanish West
Indies.
Spanish South
America.
Manila, &c.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
1


234
EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
Years.
Sweden and Nor-
way.
(c.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Sweden and Swe-
dish Colonies.
Country stated indefinitely.
Swedish West In-
dies.
Texas.
Turkey and the Lovant.
Venezuela.
Africa.
Asia.
Northwest Coast
North America.
South America.
South Seas.
West Indies.
1820-'21
$947
$5,856
1821-'22
491
100
•
1822-'23
911
$60
60
1823-'24
310
$209
17
1824-'25
267
131
700
$795
487
1825-'26
18
907
228
1826-'27
29
75
1, 509
62
1827-'28
455
113
328
1828-'29
655
112
241
94
1829-'30
763
1830-'31
288
1831-'32
70
350
1832-'33
60
575 $249
1833-'34
903
369
300
38
$275
150
1834-'35
65
$66
568
295
21
1835-'36
129
35
1836-'37
82
56
200
1837-'38
306
652
53
541
1838-'39
$90
350
1839-'40
96
613
37
648
1840-'41
32
275
228
412
1841-'42
$61
424
213
275
1842-'43
46
105
32
105
1843-'44
297 88
60
610
1844-'45
85 600
90
1845-'46
1846-'47
1847-'48
1848-'49
110
30
$160
180
487 186 190
311
395
280
406
324
60
249
15
1549-'50
37
200
725
1850-'51
•
445
1851-'52
106
331
175
1852-'53
463
889
75
1853-'54
421, 809
607
1


EXPORTATION OF MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
235
(d.) Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Foreign Countries, 1863-'64 to 1867-'68 (values).

Countries.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
1865-'66.
1866-'07.
1867-'68.
Argentine Republic.
$2, 174
$215
$3, 865
$4, 501
Brazil
2,295
2, 406
12, 514
Chili.
3, 314
China
-
16, 202
9, 337
19, 241
2, 827
159
7,739
Costa Rica
Danish West Indies
262
80
$8,836
29, 745
5, 915
7, 218
250
2, 355
Denmark and Danish West Indies
1,090
2,094
France:
Atlantic ports..
5,363
30, 229
Mediterrânean ports
12,756
8,000
11, 353
8, 163
Total..
French Possessions in North America.
French West Indies..
16,716
30, 229
20, 919
8,000
1,531
1, 003
918
786
154
French Guiana...
French Possessions in Africa.
247
150
Total France and French Poss'ns.
780
18, 494
Germany:
31, 232
22, 141
16, 000
Hamburg
120
Bremen
908
5, 636
Total..
496
908
5,756
Great Britain:
England
-
Ireland.
Total.
13, 180
17, 218
2,516
16, 470
23, 978
8,000
6, 222
British Colonies:
37, 158
25, 218
2,516
16, 470
Gibraltar.
Canada and British North America.
5,336
Other British Provinces, North America
West Indies..
7,450
2, 579
3, 195
1,288
Guiana
1, 883
1,842
6, 772
3,923
2,639
152
523
Honduras
9
African ports.
11, 882
East Indies.
Australia
3, 399 {
8, 340
17, 960
3, 104
1,482
192
900
10, 809
589
3, 502
1,466
119
Total Colonies.
21, 905
36, 383
12, 450
12, 915
17, 682
Total Great Britain and Colonies.
28, 127
73, 541
37, 668
15, 431
34, 152
Hayti
· -
100
120
1, 010
640
25
Holland
Dutch West Indies.
1,600
Dutch Guiana..
2,857
2, 073
472
342
Dutch East Indies.
200
500
390
6, 445
551
Total Holland and Dutch Colonies]
2,333
9,502
2, 073
972
2,883
Liberia.
Mexico.
760
494
872
New Grenada
5, 120
2,220
319
•
•
36
Peru
3, 255
14
1,363
468
1,350
Portugal
Madeira.
1, 970
Azores
4
Cape de Verde Islands
17
70
78
Total Portugal and Colonies....
43
4
17
148
Sandwich Islands
375
10, 749
167
642
1,755
Spain:
Atlantic ports..
Mediterranean ports
200
530
314
Total...
596
Canary Islands.
730
314
Cuba.
375
300
325
373
Porto Rico ..
262
3, 161
4, 951
3,871
8,350
Philippine Islands
100
900
2,882
Total Spain and Colonies.
858
6, 518
6, 151
4, 926
9, 037
United States of Colombia...
Uraguay
420
27
Venezuela
327
2, 194
145
200
Other ports in Africa.
79
156
Other ports in the Pacific.
660
838
140
253
800
236
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, by Foreign Countries
(value), 1868-69 to 1878–79.
Years.
1868-69..
$6, 469
1869-'70.
2,248
$1,990
21, 334
$4, 539
$540
$22, 216
1870-'71.
4, 233
$3, 197
3, 182
4, 192
11, 807
1871-'72.
4, 566
19, 916
2, 535
6, 197
1, 400
5, 482
1872-'73.
1,068
$75
2,528
300
12, 620
7,163
50, 468
1873-'74.
2,300
4, 023
9, 373
1874-'75.
3, 760
2,800
757
320
105
L
3, 781
8, 571
32, 730
1875-'76.
2, 545
2,909
202
1, 312
14, 296
1,985
772
1876-'77.
7,577
107
598
432
7,521
325
1877-'78.
1,660
64
145
231
9, 060
802
1878-'79
790
136
200
8, 228
1, 105
3, 404
2, 791
Denmark, $750 in 1875-'76.
Years.
France.
France and French Colonies.

French Colonies.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
$6, 020
49, 726
$418
$118
690
$6, 438
1870-'71.
690
4, 554
50, 416
695
1871-'72.
23, 132.
$101
796
5,350
100
1872-'73...
43
143
32, 943
23, 276
1873-'74
$300
$250
550
30, 481
33, 493
556
1874-'75.
556
31, 037
37, 501
1875-'76..
700
58
758
11, 506
38,259
339
1876-'77...
1,498
595
2, 432
31, 049
13, 938
676
1877-'78.
156
832
46, 501
31, 881
726
1878-'79.
1, 029
315
2, 070
67, 586
48, 571
235
2,750
396
3, 381
70, 967
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Years.
Bremen.
Hamburg.
North German
Union.
Great Britain.


1868-'69
1869-'70
$70, 117 $1,766
22, 725
$71, 883
$54, 671
57,870
1870-'71
186, 195
145, 842
1871-'72
$61, 752
$6, 145
9, 541
$15, 264
42, 111
$76, 680
61, 752
197, 494
73, 810
5, 650
1872-'73
162, 805
-109, 687
79, 460
1873-'74
318, 664
175, 615
531
2,100
110, 218
2,100
179, 815
1874-'75
319, 473
159, 451
13, 522
14, 178
187, 151
1875-'76
95, 491
316, 392
1,350
1876-'77
267, 988
317, 742
200, 798
21, 119
15, 312
1877-'78
212, 231
237, 229
164, 804
3, 235
11, 243
1878-'79..
170, 562
179, 282
77, 340
5,600
302, 423
82, 940
156, 195
3, 628
5, 030
164, 853
Austria, 1878-'79, $800.
¹Including $5,600 for Prussia and other German States.
1
237
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
1868-'69 ...
1869-'70
1870-'71...
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
1870-'71...
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74..
1874-75..
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-78.
1878-79...
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
•
1872-73...
1873-'74..
1874-'75
·
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Years.
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Gibraltar.
Canada.
All other Brit-
ish
North
American.
Quebec, Onta-
rio, &c.
Nova Scotia,
New Bruns-
wick, &c.
British West
Indies and
Honduras.
$2,192
$311
17, 043
38, 829
$2, 012
4, 122
3, 982
1, 694
22, 478
2, 090
1, 175
$300
3, 404
$8,
402
707
$6, 613
1, 983
8,705
15, 844
4, 097
43, 268
8, 525
2, 090
150
23, 610
7,072
1, 881
43, 231
2,862
1,097
12, 117
1,715
238
23, 732
1, 415
2,127
British East
Indies.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Hong Kong.
British
Pos-
sessions in
Africa.
British
Aus-
tralasia.¹
All other Brit-
ish Posses-
sions.
$6, 688
2, 268
8,000
963
$367
$6,688
8,572
374
6, 125
2, 475
135
$5,680
12, 050
6, 200
300
63
839
$1,200
100
1,294
44
2, 138
495
2696
195
556
700
3300
200
2,473
2, 941
60
229
Great Britain and British Colo-
nies.
Years.
British Co
nies.
Total British
Colonies.
Total Great
Britain and
British Colo-
nies.
Hayti and San Domingo.
Hayti.
$18,258
71, 068
$94, 938
268, 562
$147
22, 021
347, 981
456
30, 630
140, 848
$2,500
29, 478
209, 293
43, 505
230, 656
50
55, 277
373, 019
35, 591
272, 820
48, 941
16, 743
228, 223
99,683
30, 504
195, 357
8888888
602
2 Of this, $201 were to British Guiana.
British Guiana.
¹ Before 1873 reported as "Australia, New Zealand, &c.”
238
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, &c.-Continued.

Holland and Dutch West Indies, &c.
1868-'69..
1869-'70..
1870-'71.
1871-'72..
1872-'73
1873-'74.
·
1874-'75.
1875-'76
1876-'77..
1877-'78
1878-'79..
Years.
Holland.
Dutch West
Indies and
Guiana.
Italy.
Liberia.
Total.
$16, 492
$1,100
$17, 592
47, 888
3, 470
51, 358
15, 187
$1, 880
7,600
510
15, 697
33, 623
1, 210
729
34, 352
7,802
$36
90
832
8, 694
2,000
330
2,330
565
14, 030
340
14, 370
2,660
1, 315
180
2,840
50
6, 908
1,839
8,747
23, 495
808
2,097
25, 592
355
Portugal and Portuguese Possessions.

Years.
Mexico.
Peru.
Portugal. Portuguese
Possessions.
Total.
1868-'69...
1869-'70..
$844
501
$23, 617
$1, 985
$1,985
$3,970
360
1870-'71...
7,671
510
7, 671
176
100
1871-'72...
1, 051
1, 634
1, 151
250
410
902
1872-'73.
1, 312
200
75
540
376
1873-'74.
916
3, 261
165
90
1874-'75.
255
4,000
230
564
1875-'76....
794
350
1, 260
176
1876-'77.
171
500
3, 350
144
1877-'78.
3, 494
577
231
1878-'79.
499
325
2, 080
1,800
2,287
4,367
112
1, 912
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
-
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73..
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
1875-'76...
1876-'77...
1877-78...
1878-'79.
Russia
San Sandwich
Years.
(Baltic). Domingo. Islands.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Porto
Cuba.
Rico.
$640
$1, 302
$4,357
360
834
4, 024
1, 155
1, 834
11, 204
$910
7,057
714
345
3,785
$40
300
392
3,002
$300
512
4
700
3,679
218
895
489
180
5, 620
360
641
389
2, 680
12, 140
636
2, 898
265
399
1,092
50
1, 959
224
1, 391
200
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
239
*
(e.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, &c.—Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
1868-'69
Years.
Spanish Pos-
sessions in
Africa.
All other
Spanish Pos-
sessions.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Tur.
Total Spain key.
and Spanish
Colonies.
1869-'70
$1,766
$6, 123
1870-'71
4, 024
$7,425
4,858
1871-'72
1, 113
$45
12, 017
14, 451
1872-'73
...
4, 297
1873-'74
1874-'75
$369
965
4, 642
3, 375
3, 767
1,860
2,078
1875-'76
5, 980
6, 160
1876-'77
1877-'78
12, 140
·
14, 820
3, 163
3, 163
3, 163
1878-'79
1,959
2, 009
110
1, 701
1,701
Years.
1868-'69..
1869-'70...
1870-'71..
1871-'72..
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
-
1875-'70..
1870-'77
1877-'78..
1878-'79.
$85
$391
$454
$1,800
6, 869
263
306
6, 149
1,057
590
120
373
569
93
1, 428
109
$109
125
2, 136
450
60
1, 952
133
105
240
531
96
Sweden and Norway, $3,950 in 1876-'77; $600 in 1878-'79. Dutch East Indies, $190 in 1877-'78.
GENERAL SUMMARY BY COASTS AND GRAND DIVISIONS.

Europe.¹
Years.
1868-'69....
1869-'70...
$1, 880
7, 645
$78, 065
197, 494
$90, 365
155, 417
$177,
$177, 632
1870-'71.
411, 116
$367
8, 573
79, 560
$36, 232
14, 899
$1,985
1871-'72.
81, 505
7,671
167, 453
6, 125
1, 210
15, 352
110, 628
169, 197
1872-73...
304, 512
1, 051
2,511
180, 625
8, 975
1873-'74.
409, 812
902
591, 772
6, 290
188, 023
9, 080
1874-'75.
331, 095
745
549, 817
63
565
317, 972
1875-'76.
130, 221
25, 139
486, 439
1, 055
109
1, 315
237, 229
3,868
1876-'77.
279, 240
564
532, 136
2, 188
50
162, 632
1877-78...
226, 362
440, 093
50
85, 020
1878-'79..
186, 530
318, 101
1, 155
1,323
166, 653
334, 146
569, 540
170
928
2,232
4, 191
3, 394
144
2, 287
112
1 Including France and Spain, not embraced in preceding columns. 2 Excepting those of France and
Spain.
240
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
Years.
GENERAL SUMMARY BY COASTS AND GRAND DIVISIONS—Continued.
West Indies.¹
Atlantic ports.
South America.
Pacific ports.
Total.
Mexico and Central America.
Other North American ports
and Islands.

1868-'69..
$7,467
1869-'70...
10, 976
$13, 704
21, 574
1870-'71.
1
$24, 157
3, 542
$37, 861
25, 116
$844
$2,218
501
16, 632
690
30, 563
176
1871-'72.
30, 739
511
796
11, 724
10, 828
1872-73...
550
1, 378
6,775
1,709
858
15, 865
75
1873-'74.
15, 940
200
8,773
100
9, 733
1874-'75.
9,733
3, 366
5, 228
8,049
1, 200
1875-'76..
4, 202
12, 251
15, 954
58
11, 801
1876-77...
1,858
13, 659
457
5, 327
4, 537
31, 330
$545
1877-'78.
64
4, 601
500
9, 167
46,769
106
576
1878-'79..
1, 021
1,597
577
8, 841
2,257
14, 861
2,257
499
27, 897
296
'Including British Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
Exportation of Masts and Spars, by Districts, from 1863-'64 to 1867–’68.
Districts.
Passamaquoddy, Me
Portland, Me.
Belfast, Me
Bangor, Me
Machias, Me...
Castine, Me
Bath, Me..
VALUES.
1863-'64. 1864-'65.
1864-'65. 1866-'67.
1867-'68.
$25
$1,370
$625
$3,988
417
4, 957
410
5, 140
600
2, 342
89
117
551
457
Other Maine ports than Passamaquoddy and Portland.
Portsmouth, N. H.
Boston, Mass..
Other ports of Massachusetts
·
5,988
295
8, 599
30, 387
2, 525
15, 311
21
New London, Conn..
New York, N. Y
Philadelphia, Pa
100
6, 916
12, 850
19, 671
56, 305
·
Baltimore, Md
Wilmington, N. C
Georgetown, S. C.
Charleston, S. C
Pensacola, Fla
210
1,338
2, 154
200
944
1, 187
2, 541
68
450
200
45
380
289
Mobile, Ala.
66
1,292
New Orleans, La
4, 650
San Francisco, Cal …….
220
773
Puget Sound, Wash
Oregon and Washington Territory.
10, 740
.27, 232
150
1,096
33, 338
76, 262
400
34, 957
Uncertain.
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
241
16 FOR
Years.
Richmond.
Years.
Massachusetts.
Years.
Belfast.
Bangor.
(g.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars and other Whole Timber by Districts from 1868'69 to
1878-79 (values).
Maine.
Massa-
chusetts.
Machias.
Bath.
1868-'69
$3, 136
$75
$1, 426
1869-'70
7,795
$4, 637
$15
646
1870-'71
$28
8, 469
1,269
280
501
1871-'72
$140
2, 054
1, 058
86
1872-'73
1, 284
87
1, 214
34
1873-'74.
1, 335
250
1,740
1874-75
1,990
125
1, 820
10
1875-'76
1, 955
1, 113
$497
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
1, 054
135
381
2, 621
1, 500
450
4, 681
4,301
140
1, 748
198
3,073
4, 441
1, 946
$1, 139
3,070
$134
THER
18. 744
7,642
11, 398
10, 838
8, 575
14, 421
6, 143
10, 108
14, 224
1868-'69
1869-'70
$12, 806
17,498
$12, 861
17,498
$250
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
18, 649
7, 642
11, 398
10, 748
8, 575
14, 421
6, 143
9, 954
14, 177
Virginia.
North Carolina.
$120
$173, 789
240, 291
121, 167
296, 133
441, 221
353, 781
415, 245
317, 240
305, 679
246, 304
452, 913
South Carolina.
2, 240
3, 440
28, 402
14, 584
106,240
16, 303
158, 350
106,368
34, 058
9, 143
13, 251
56, 738
Georgia.
Norfolk.
Pamlico.
Wilmington.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-74.
$11
$165
$310
$130
133
$29, 427
179, 164
52, 876
80
111
33, 082
186
13, 993
. 1874-75
-
$9, 256
4, 180
$15
48, 399
125
1875-'76
1, 010
2,200
350
1876-'77 ..
10, 474
2, 040
1877-'78
$100
12, 273
4, 075
6, 882
2,480
168
2
150
1878-'79
650
15, 130
13,700
12
2,300
620
Georgetown.
Charleston.
Beaufort.
Savannah.
Connecticut.
New
York.
Pennsyl.
vania.
Mary-
land.
Portland.
Frenchman's
Bay.
Total Maino.
Salem.


242
EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS, SPARS, ETC.
Years.
Years.
Years.
Saint Mary's.
(g.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, &c.—Continued.

Georgia.
Florida.
Missis- Louisi-
Alabama.
sippi.
ana.

Fernandina.
Saint John's.
Key West.
Pensacola.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1970-'71..
1871-'72 ...
1872-'73
$1,000
$20
200
$2,932
3, 589
$1,725
$45, 106
170
21, 024
3,885
26, 046
•
4,515
1, 910
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
3, 215
42, 796
1, 050
$50
501
$80
70, 782
280
850
401
17,872
·
$51
24, 240
2,060
390
3, 73C
-
100
2,766
1877-'78
1878-'79
602
250
50
19, 120
13, 000
600
1, 651
Texas.
Califor-
nia.
Washing-
Oregon.
ton Ter- Alaska.
ritory.
Minne-
sota.
Michigan.
1868-'69
$50
$25, 612
1869-'70
2, 394
$692
1870-'71
55
698
539
$22, 871
57,988
15, 352
1871-'72
4, 242
524
$25
8,962
1872-'73
255
18, 304
1873-'74
·
487
2, 928
50
29, 045
1874-'75
14, 460
100
1875-'76
17, 161
199
204
2,776
14, 432
$150
$3,282
8, 402
5, 104
1,721
14, 400
$3,360
1876-'77
2, 058
61
556
270
42, 052
100
1877-'78
1878-'79
-
548
2,288
329
1, 541
1, 849
12, 117
11, 674
529
Michigan.
Ohio.
New
York.
General Summary by Coasts and Frontiers.
1868-'69
$400
1:869-'70
$22
1870-'71
$17,498
26, 217
$175, 062
$31, 032
$49, 813
241, 226
179, 207
1871-'72
20, 798
124, 237
52, 896
24, 783
29,986
1872-'73
8, 926
296, 778
33, 362
6, 425
1873-'74
12, 733
441, 678
14, 179
-
101
46, 011
1874-75
$3,500
12, 828
462, 261
·
41, 547
53, 694
71, 850
1875-'76
10, 530
$240
444, 244
350
8, 017
19, 403
1876-'77
19, 102
506, 192
239
4,870
5, 500
30, 426
1877-'78
9, 336
437, 101
4,343
2, 860
1878-'79
14, 549
301, 778
11, 529
1, 404
19, 420
16, 260
551, 732
15, 932
2, 231
Mobile.
Pearl River.
New Orleans.




EXPORTATION OF LOGS, MASTS,
243
SPARS, ETC.
(g.) Exportation of Logs, Masts, Spars, and other Whole Timber, &c.-Continued.

General Summary by
Coasts and Frontiers.
Years.
Pacific
Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
}
1877-'78
1878-'79
$48, 483
$422
61, 074
16, 589
13, 754
3, 282
18, 559
8, 402
32, 023
8, 705
17, 336
43, 268
32, 146
23,850
2, 945
42, 991
2,836
12, 117
3,719
23, 732
(h.) Exportation of Boats and Oars, by Districts, from 1863-'64 to 1867-'68 (value.)

Districts.
Passamaquoddy, Me
Belfast, Me..
Bangor, Me..
Bath, Me
Other ports of Maine.
Salem, Mass
Boston, Mass
New Bedford, Mass..
Other ports of Massachusetts.
Bristol, R. I……………
Ports of Connecticut.
New York, N. Y.
Lake ports of New York.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
Wilmington, N. C.
Charleston, S. C...
New Orleans, La.
San Francisco, Cal.
Lake ports of Ohio.
Oswego, N. Y .
Champlain, N. Y.
-
Total
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
1866-'67.
1867-'68.
$391
$1,500
309
2, 170
2, 401
$100
1, 520
1,082
$590
473
5,045
20, 081
11, 386
835
26, 523
893
770
443
1,542
426
120
97, 937
140, 568
158, 535
145, 768
453
3,479
4,363
698
6, 230
3,555
2, 957
74
175
1,547
29
2, 613
1,430
580
6, 000
1, 160
60
820
124, 589
176, 179
179, 923 177, 010
(i.) Exportation of Treenails, by Districts, from 1863-'64 and 1864-'65 (quantities and
New York….
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Total
Districts.
values.)

1863-'64.
1864-'65.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
46
$2,894
399
$4, 116
103
2,800
143
5, 160
706
25, 436
380
13, 149
855
31, 130
922
22, 425
244 EXPORTATION OF TIMBER AND WOOD NOT SPECIFIED.
3. OTHER TIMBER AND WOOD PRODucts.
(a) Various Timber and Wood Products exported before 1803.

Articles.
1789-'90.
1790-'91.
1791-'92. 1792-'93.
1793-'94.
1794-'95.
Cedar posts
Laths
number..
..do..
10, 453
134
25, 000
Lignum vitæ
tons..
176
59
186
319
682
2, 108
Mahogany
$18, 531
15
12
Oak and pine
planks
Mahogany and logw'd, pieces
Oak and pine boards and
Oak boards and planks.do...
Pine boards and planks do...
3,250
pieces..
38, 680
..feet.. 46, 747, 730
963, 820
37, 288, 928
824, 088
51,316, 112
Scantling
...do
8,719, 638
6, 237, 497
5, 867, 504
Shook casks.
number..
2, 180, 137
2, 323, 450
Timber
..feet..
2, 180, 137
2, 323, 450
Timber..
.tons..
13, 775
19, 3911
Timber..
· ·
.pieces..
18, 374
All other timber, wood, and
lumber.....value or feet..
$267, 831
21, 838
12, 272
265, 846, 024 234, 341, 847
5,709
6, 122
9,093
14, 223
240, 735, 561
1 Tons.
2 Feet.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1
(b.) Exportation of all other ¹ Timber from 1868-'69 to 1878-'79 (value.)

Years.
Value.
Years.
$316, 311
1872-'73
103, 230
1873-'74
-
136, 403
1874-75...
99, 301
1875-'76..
Value.
Years.
$153, 802
1876-'77
205, 943
366, 975
1877-'78
1878-'79..
·
138, 553
Value.
$60, 059
114, 907
164, 192
1 The items understood as included in this term are "firewood," "hop, hoop, telegraph and other
poles," and "timber, sawn and hewn," and all articles comprised under the name of "lumber."
(c.) Exportation of all other Timber, by Foreign Countries (value), 1868-'69 to 1878-79.

Argen-
France and Colonies.
Central

Years.
tine Re-Belgium. Brazil. American Chili. China.
public.
States.
France.
French
Colonies.
Total.
1878-79.
1868-'69
1869-70...
1870-'71..
1871-'72.
$146
$18, 159
44, 049
$740
1872-'73.
1873-'74..
1,250
1874-'75.
4, 659
1875-'76.
7, 159
45, 625
15,396
1876-77...
95
1877-'78.
600
535
1,350
Germany.
$7, 430
$7, 430
$980
180
$9,300
1,200
1,200
72
$125
$5, 929
2,753
2,855
22, 833
2,700
125
2,700
6, 389
472
6, 861
1, 332
1, 332
18, 542
614
19, 156
801
1, 968
2,769
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Years.
Great Britain.
Bremen.
Prussia, North
&c. Germany.

Total.
England. Scotland. Ireland.
Total.
1868-'69
1869-'70
· 1870-'71
•
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
•
1877-'78
$53, 378
3,550
$2, 614
$13, 400
$55, 992 $147, 264
3,550
13, 400
$23, 170
$41, 963
3, 645
$212, 397
3, 645
84, 458
12, 340
96, 798
•
2, 075
2,853
35, 867
35, 867
12, 001
12, 001
600
62, 050
36
62, 086
49, 327
725
50, 052
700
87,574
87, 574
39, 311
39, 311
128
60, 434
8, 992
11, 675
81, 101
48, 786
33, 577
12, 606
5,760
51.943
1878-'79
1 The items embraced in this term are all articles included under the name of "lumber" and "fire-
wood," "hop, hoop, telegraph, and other poles," "logs, masts, spars, and other whole timber," and
timber, sawed and hewn.”
EXPORTATION OF TIMBER AND WOOD NOT SPECIFIED. 245
(c.) Exportation of all other Timber, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
All other
No
Nova Sco-
Sco
Gibraltar. Canada.
British
North
America.
Quebec,
Ontario,
tia, New
New-
found-
Bruns-
&c.
wick, &c. land, &c.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$12, 542
7, 194
$217
410
1870-'71
4,808
1871-'72
5, 237
1872-'73..
1873-'74
$80
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
·
British
British
West In-
Colum-
bia.
dies and
Hondu-
ras.
·
$2,510
47
738
$684
5, 276
2, 093
5,595
6, 430
$12, 855
23, 134
5, 386
231
1,800
$130
202
$43
1, 264
88
153
5
7,471
918
37, 389
150
50
6, 277
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
British
East In-
dies.
British
Hong-
Kong.
Posses-
sions in
Africa.
British Total
Austral- British
asia.
Total
Great
Britain
Colonies. and Colo-
nies.
$12, 759
$25, 156
$1, 311
$6, 592
18, 017
21, 662
4,855
101, 653
1,875
273
8,093
43, 960
10, 485
24, 316
36, 317
$1,000
9, 487
40, 284
102, 370
·
$251
5, 131
13, 106
63, 159
7,859
13, 690
101, 264
8, 230
47, 541
451
89, 991
501
10, 675
54, 992
106, 935

Holland and Colonies.
Years.
Havti and
St. Do-

Dutch
mingo. Holland. West In-
dies.
Italy.
Japan.
Total.
$15,000
$15,000
$7,472
$610
$60
60
45
200
$1, 112
406
406
175
640
640
14, 872
522
522
438
2, 782
2,782
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79..
Years.
Spain.
Caba.
246
Years.
EXPORTATION OF TIMBER AND WOOD
OF TIMBER AND WOOD NOT SPECIFIED.
(c.) Exportation of all other Timber, &c.—Continued.
Spain and Colonies.
Total.
Portugal and Colonies.
Sandwich
Mexico.
Peru.
Portu.
Portugal. guese Col-
Island
Total.
onies.
$90
$716
$49, 161
$231
$251
369
1,982
$100
1, 299
1,399
498
77, 789
87
87
20, 328
937
31, 163
3,978
3,978
640
3, 054
198, 197
80
80
2, 540
1, 590
6, 150
59
59
1, 493
3, 640
2,547
2, 547
1, 895
6
6
120
391
100
85
85
United States of Colombia.
Other Countries and Ports
in Africa.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand
Divisions.

Europe.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.
1868-'69..
1869-'70.
$3,285
$3,285
6, 446
6, 446
1870-'71.
$1, 346
526
$7,472 | $212,
$2,553
7,237
397
3, 645
$70, 992
$78, 422
1871-'72.
9,790
21, 709
21, 708
3,860
96, 798
3,860
13, 400
1872-173.
1,740
17, 153
·
4,896
4,896
35, 967
1873-'74..
2,783
46, 115
46, 115
5, 997 | 46, 576
12, 001
52, 573
2, 853
1874-75.
1, 949
2, 853
175
5, 519
62, 166
5, 519
1875-'76.
11, 038
1,006
155
9, 703
$21
420
14, 872
1,563
1, 983
50, 052
46, 265
52,723
1876-'77..
763
438
87, 574
2174
16, 618
104, 650
1877-'78..
3,757
319
4, 076
39, 311
2, 782
131
43, 425
1878-'79.
2,448
2, 448
81, 829
106, 128
91
40
51, 943
535
55, 287
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Years.
Uncertain.
1868-'69
1869-'70..
1870-'71..
1871-'72
$90
8,572
9, 300
2,220
$3, 285 | $1,
$1,346
$1,346
$251
$12, 759
9, 626
1, 266 $50, 141
51,407
$716
7, 284
1,299
7,604
4,808
4,598
1.886
1872-'73
1,886
1,982
$1,000 31, 925
5, 237
5, 143
1873-'74
2,783 | 77, 789 | 80, 572
6, 427
12, 541
13,756
$125
48, 040
1874-'75
21
6, 972
5, 672
1875-76
3, 199
4,814 |221, 030 |225, 844
34, 018 | 37,
37, 217
3, 690
32, 388
640
7,647
9, 352
472
1, 568
1876-77..
8, 008
6, 150
14, 158
1, 845
2, 540
2,547
5,826
174
148
1877-'78
148
3, 640
451
120
8, 230
6
319
830
1878-'79
830
50
9,003
11, 176
8,725
1, 941
100
1, 541
391
37, 109
85
Including France and Spain, which are not embraced in the preceding columns.
2 Porto Rico.
Uruguay, $86 in 1875-'76; $207 in 1877-'78.
Venezuela, $53 in 1876-'77; $492 in 1877-'78; $662 in 1878-'79.
Continental
Ports on Bal-
tic and North
Seas.
Total.¹

EXPORTATION OF TIMBER AND WOOD NOT SPECIFIED. 247
1878-'79.
1868-'69
1868-'69..
1869-'70..
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73...
1873-174.
1874-'75.
1875-'76.
1870-77..
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
Years.
Philadelphia.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
$559
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
Years.
Savannah.
1868-'69
1869-'70 ...
1870-'71..
1871-'72..
$265, 807
7, 195
98, 112
347
1872-'73
1873-74
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
Bangor, Me., 1878–79, $140.
5,760
(d.) Exportation of all other Timber, by Districts, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79 (values).

Years.
Pa.
Md.
Baltimore.
Richmond.
Passamaquoddy.
$440
•
$466
Bath.
Maine.
Newburyport.
Massachusetts.
Gloucester.
Boston.
New Haven.
Conn.
N. Y.
New York.
$167
$90
$15,000
5, 597
23, 298
1,266
29, 804
5, 501
$150
7, 330
4,744
3, 067
$980
72, 946
8,838
22, 857
86, 285
119, 092
4,374
36, 444
1, 119
63, 786
235
76, 351
Virginia. North Carolina. South Carolina.
Norfolk.
Pamlico.
Beaufort.
5,715
$400
260
3, 802
27, 680
$7, 125
2, 610
11, 317
42, 466
7,300
3,838 21, 637
225
575
700
3,026
560
16, 077
7,800
3, 088
30, 377
1, 998
50
2, 152
$1,688 $4,950
Georgia.
Saint Mary's.
Fernandina.
$536
Saint John's.
$4
375
3, 650
120
$566
156
59
$1,000
7,857
Charleston.
$100
$3, 100
2,253
Florida.
Ala. Miss.
Key West.
$566
Pensacola.
156
$16
59
Mobile.
$87
3,600
6, 845
3, 612
100
6, 528
Pearl River.
Beaufort.
248 EXPORTATION OF TIMBER AND WOOD
AND WOOD NOT SPECIFIED.
1868-'69
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
·
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
-
Years.
1869-70
1870-'71
1871-'72.
1872-73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Chicago, Ill., 1878–79, $5,364.
(d.) Exportation of all other Timber, &c.—Continued.
2
J

Years.
La.
Texas.
Cal. Oregon. Wash. Minn.
Mich.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$33, 661
5, 722
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
16, 397
9,586
42, 815
$75
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1,262
3, 558
2,967
1877-'78
1878-'79
8, 077
1, 253
25
Years.
•
Ohio.
Pa.
Miami (Tole-
do).
Cuyahoga
(Cleveland).
$160
Erie.
·
$50
$38 $47, 391
80
73 $6,483
102, 111
45, 375
229, 083
8, 500
1, 720
43
5, 417
935
979
1,895
$1, 430
$5,000
120
1, 468
2,803
193
100
New York.
$160
$208
$500
$3
552
$12
579
864
$31
3,762
1, 483
$20
2,073
595
5,000
3, 200
31, 000
50
General Summary by Coasts and Frontiers.

New England
Coast.
Middle Atlan-
tic Coast.
Southern At-
lantic Coast.
Gulf Coast.
Pacific Coast.
Northern Fron-
ticr.
$697
5, 597
1,266
$15,400
30, 423
29, 804
$267, 143
7, 195
104, 750
$33, 661
5, 760
$50
$160
53, 887
368
80
5, 501
503
75, 816
447
16, 397
7,330
24, 516
1, 143
10, 661
110, 611
4, 744
93, 005
864
3, 475
51, 325
3, 683
47, 138
126, 775
5,276
5, 907
1, 434
229, 083
120, 890
2,093
120
3, 617
4,374
1, 119
7, 331
5,595
40, 780
1
6, 607
1, 895
375
87,663
111, 968
6, 430
18, 534
120
7,461
5,760
7, 906
1
794
37, 369
Willamette, Oreg., 1878-'79, $501.
Huron, Mich., 1878–'79, $975.
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
249
:
VI. STAVES, HEADINGS, SHOOKS, AND COOPER'S WARES AND STOCK.
1. Staves and Heading: General summary of exportation, 1789-'90 to 1878-'79:
(a.) Quantities exported annually from 1789 to 1853-54.
(b.) Quantities and total values exported annually: average values.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading by Foreign Countries from 1820-'21 to 1853-
'54: Thousands, with general summaries.
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading by Foreign Countries: by Quantities and
Values, from 1854-55 to 1860–’61.
(e.) Exportation of Staves and Heading by Foreign Countries from 1861-'62 to 1863-
'64: Quantities and Values. (Condensed headings.)
(f.) Exportation of Staves and Heading by Foreign Countries from 1864-'65 to 1867-
'68: Quantities and Values.
(g.) Exportation of Staves and Heading by Districts from 1855-'56 to 1867-'68:
Quantities and Values.
2. Box Shooks: Exportation from 1863-'64 to 1878-79:
(a.) Exportation by Foreign Countries from 1863-'64 to 1866-67. (Condensed
headings.)
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries from 1867-'68 to 1878-79, with general
summaries.
(c.) Exportation by Districts from 1863-'64 to 1878-79.
3. "Other Shooks, Staves, and Heading": Exportation from 1863-'64 to 1878-79:
(a.) Exportation by Foreign Countries: Values from 1868-'69 to 1878-'79, with gen-
eral summaries.
(b.) Exportation by Districts: Values from 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
4. "Shooks" (not otherwise specified): Exportation by Districts in 1863-'64 and 1864-'65.
5. Hoops and Hoop-Poles, &c.: Exportation from 1789-'90 to 1867-68, so far as reported:
(a.) Quantities (thousands) exported from 1789-'90 to 1819-'20.
(b.) Hoops exported in 1863-64 and 1864-'65 by quantities and values.
(c.) Hoops and Hoop-Poles exported in 1865–66 and 1867 by quantities and values.
(d.) Barrel and Hogshead Shooks exported from 1863-'64 to 1867-68.
(e.) Exportation of Hoops and Hoop-Poles by Districts in 1863-64 and 1864-'65
and in 1866-'67 and 1867-'68: Quantities and Values.
6. Hop, Hoop, Telegraph, and other Poles exported from 1868–69 to 1878–79:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
7. Barrels and Hogsheads exported empty from 1863–64 to 1878-79:
(a.) General totals of number and value.
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries: number and value, with general summa-
ries.
(c.) Exportation by Districts: number and value.
1. STAVES AND HEADING: GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION.
(a.) By quantities exported annually from 1789–90 to 1853–54.


Years. Thousands. Years. Thousands. Years. Thousands.
Years.
Thousands.
1789-'901
36, 402
1790-'91
29, 062
1806-'07
1807-'08
37, 701
10, 003
1822-'23
18, 667
1838-'39.
51, 182
1791-'92..
29, 197
1808-'09 ...
26, 991
1823-'24.
1824-'25
28, 682
1839-'40....
28, 136
1792-93 ..
23, 507
1840-'41
29, 735
•
1809-'10 ...
27, 137
42, 507
1825-'26..
1793-'94 ...
25, 874
28, 193
1841-'42
1810-'11...
30, 284
31, 843
1826-'27 ..
1794-95...
24, 192
1842-'43
30, 013
1811-'12 ..
19, 765
18, 285
1827-'28
1795-'96
25, 981
1843-'44
•
34, 589
1812-'13
7, 179
1828-'29
23, 246
1796-'97
29, 253
1844-'45
33, 074
1813-'14
·
2, 671
21, 264
1829-'30
1797-'98
28, 073
23, 069
1845-'46
1814-'15...
16,743
....
28,800
1830-'31
1798-'99...
22, 838
1846-'47
34, 008
1815-'16...
49, 239
1831-'32
21, 206
1799-1800...
20, 282
1847-'48
19, 376
1816-'17
28, 258
1832-'33
22, 463
1800-'01
30,984
1848-'49
37, 189
1817-'18..
25, 566
22, 618
1833-34
1801-'02
29, 797
29, 809
1849-'50
1818-'19
·
25, 199
1834-'35
32, 459
1802-'03
35, 290
57, 636
1850-'51
1819-'20
-
29, 405
1835-'36
33, 006
1803-'04...
23, 346
34, 614
1851-'52...
1820-'21
25, 506
1804-05....
42, 062
1821-'22
15, 784
1836-37 ....
1837-'38...
29, 106
20, 880
1852-'53.
28, 693
1805-'06.
44, 624
24, 177
1853-'54...
34, 594
¹ From August, 1789, to September 30, 1790.
250
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(b.) By Quantities and total Values annually; average Values from 1854-'55 to 1878-79.

Average
Years.
Thousands. Total value. value per
Average
Years.
thousand.
Thousands. Total value. value per
thousand.
1854-'55
89, 454
$1,822, 238
$21 49
1867-'68
1855-'56
73, 311
20, 955 $2,377, 792
$113 48
1, 864, 281
25 43
1868-'69
1856-'57
65, 579
5, 782, 414
2,055, 980
31 35
1869-'70
1857-'58
87, 186
4,897, 733
1,975, 852
22 66
1870-'71
1858-'59
131, 918
2, 410, 334
18 26
1871-'72
1859-'60
75, 800
2, 365, 516
31 09
1872-'73
1860-'61
4,822, 705
5, 003, 551
6, 091, 771
73, 408
1, 959, 392
26 69
1873-'74
1861-'62
6, 450, 391
69,965
2, 590, 649
37 03
1874-'75
1862-'63
105, 563
5, 239, 329
4, 260, 076
40 35
1875-'76
1863-'64
4,322, 252
44, 103
2,458, 266
55 74
1876-'77
1864-'65
3, 948, 739
33, 029
2, 911, 310
88 14
1877-'78
1865-'66
3, 778, 196
24, 490
2,267, 616
92 58
1878-'79
1866-'67
3,666, 652
24, 565
3,081, 588
125 44
[The returns commencing in 1868-'69, and continuing till the present time, after giving the value of
box-shooks, specify the value of "other shooks, staves, and heading" as above, but without giving the
quantities.]
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries (thousands), from 1820-'21 to
Years.
Argentine Republic.
Austria.¹
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Republic of
America.
China.
Chili.
Cisplatine Republic.
Colombia.
Denmark.
dies.
Danish West In-
Total.
Atlantic
Ports.
Mediterra-
nean Ports.
Total.
France.
French West In-
dies.
Miquelon
and
French fisheries.
1853-'54.


Denmark and
France and Colonies.
Colonies.
Total France and
French Colonies.

1820-'21
1821-'22
1822-'23 .
•
17
63
10
•
994 1, 004 223
544
42
544
156
71
227
76
44
-
442
442
390
133
1823-'24
22
1, 188 1, 188
851
501
265 2,872
523 1,748
1,352
3, 137
227
2,271
1824-'25
1, 352
11
11 33
33
865
1825-'26 ...
732 | 1,597 | 2, 203
253
3,800
16
2
1, 630 1, 630
1826-27... 22
951
1, 1902, 141
2, 505
4, 646
4
4
185
1, 012 1, 012
1, 644
517❘ 2, 161
4,726
1827-*28
9
12
25
4, 261 4, 261
2, 660
252 2,912
4,996
6, 887
7,908
1828-'29
7
21
1829-30 ...
4
6
75
4, 049
4, 049
2, 637
1, 052 | 3,689
7,683
11, 372
325 2, 325
1, 801
2, 133
3, 934
3, 342
1830-'31..
7,276
1831-32
བ
52
82
6 90
429 1, 429
341
1, 641
1,982❘ 2, 313
4, 295
4
18
5 17
4
3
858 861
1,317
738 2,055
2,015
4, 070
1832-'33
2 54
24 32
6
1833-'34... 4 20
10
10
33 74
1834-35... 2
15 2
36
60 69
68 12
1835-'36...
2 17 1
75
11
6
531
2, 431 2, 431 1, 557
1,151 1, 220 1,740
1,005 1,017 2, 216
531 1, 635
892 | 2,449
3, 054
5, 503
1,393 | 3,133
2, 866
5, 999
9, 034 11, 250
2, 615
13, 865
1, 283 | 2, 918
1,486
4, 404
1836-'37.
27
13
3
964
964 1,835
400 2,235
2,237
4, 472
1837-'38
7
21
5
·
14
4
3
1, 020 1, 0201, 477
104❘ 1, 581
2,500
4. 081
1838-'39
24
3 350
65
1, 749 1,749 1,224
341
1, 565 17,845
19, 410
1839-'40
18
5
1
558
558 1,208
264
1, 474
1.361
2,835
1840-'41
15 132
25 1
604
664 2,283 742
3,025 | 2, 176
1
5, 202
1841-'42... 16
8 194
6
351
357 2,853 1, 706
4, 559
4, 559 | 2,493
1
7,052
1842-'43
24 305
21
305
305 1,293 1, 044 |
1843-'44
32
37 1
-
9 30 2
13
423
•
136 2, 222 1, 337
1844-'45
3,559 1,
77
7 27
32
5
-
36 1, 067 1, 1031, 985
269
2, 254
2, 337 1,709
1, 770
1,650
5
4, 081
G❘ 5, 335
1845-'46
14 6
39
1, 437 1, 437 2, 109
358
2,467 | 2,383
1846-'47
3 3
45 140
30
636
636 1, 821
678
2,499 1, 192
3, 903
4,850
3, 691
1847-'48
74 27
3 40
435
435 2,947 704
3, 651
879
4, 530
1848-'49
10
18 9
10
5
·
425 425 3,028 1, 304 | 4, 332
202
20
4, 554
1849-'50
15 8
31 10
44
220
220 4, 649 2, 404
1850-'51... 8
| 7,
7, 053
894
7,947
98
27
45 143 8 5
249
249 3, 773 3, 576 7,349
483
7,832
1851-'52 ... 14
1852-'53
2 128
90
3 81
2
172
174 5, 751 3, 718
94 6
2 80
173
·
173 2, 662 3, 422
9, 469
6, 084
1,318
10, 787
1, 101
7, 185
1853-'54.
6
3 45 142
59
505
·
505
849 1,619
1,619
2, 468 | 1, 361
3, 829
¹ Entries under heading of "Trieste."
2 Buenos Ayres.
OF STAVÉS AND HEADING.
EXPORTATION OF STAVÉS
251
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.

British Colonies.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
British Islands.
Years.
Guernsey, Jer-
sey, &c.
Total British
Islands.
Gibraltar.
Malta. ¹
Cape of Good
Hope.
Mauritius.
British East In-
Australia.
dies.
Canada.
British Ameri-
can Colonies.
British West In-
dies.
British Guiana.
Honduras and
Campeachy.
Other British
Colonies.
Total British
Colonies.
Total Great Britain
and British Colonies.
1828-'29. 416 53 59
1
1833-'34 281
1834-35 3, 695
1835-'36. 377
1836-'37.
21
1837-'38. 24
1838-'39.
1839-'40. 72
•
1829-'30. 339
1830-'31.
87
3
1831-'32
81
7
1832-'33.
34
1
•
8
-
LO
1, 4102, 702
5281, 240
339 1, 406
90 1, 219
93 1,558
1820–221. 1, 225
1821-22 1,400
1822-'23. 957
31 1, 446
22 1, 974
2,702
990
3, 3961, 442
141, 476
2, 447
896
7,038 2,885
1, 344
638 8,351
10 10, 923 13, 625
1823-'24.1, 226
283, 282
4, 536 1, 393
2
1824-25 1, 046
432, 368
3, 457 1, 227
6
1825-'26. 874
232, 798
·
3, 6951, 992
1826-27. 744
49
472
1, 2651, 653
11, 565
218 9, 292
39711, 072
2,967 4, 929|
1827-28. 632 30 748
2, 382
113
62 2,848 6, 244
28910, 17412, 621
41113, 371 17, 907
20510, 948 14, 405
73 13, 534 17, 229
9, 549,10, 814
5, 197 6, 607
4,773 5, 301
7,628 7, 967
11, 495 11, 585
3, 449
84
6, 582
3, 152 7, 124
5
353, 073
281 1, 676
273
396
2
1, 428 6, 814
9, 802 9, 895
40
2, 348 8, 736
47
14, 517 14, 552
90
3, 389 6, 480,
97
12, 12812, 409
3, 703 2, 174
61 438 1, 165
21 786
24 566
·
52 101
6, 531 4, 517
208
13, 583 17, 286
33 219
6
=
-
2, 761 5, 228
239
26
50 74
60
975 4, 729
49
69
88
9, 677 10, 115
100
107
3, 668 4, 632
120
-
166.
166 1, 656
341
17
60
5, 386 3, 460
20
72 680
87
16
58
|12, 550 2, 185
48
1840-'41. 110
110 895
8 125
126
6, 27m 3, 371
167
9
1841-'42.
202 1
303 1, 270
116
1, 772
4, 605
53
1842-'43. 267
267 362
25
155
454 5, 707
81
1843-'44. 85
85 1, 085
88
88
696 3,807
83
35
6,792 6, 813
9, 493 9,517
10, 975 11, 141
15, 624 15, 686
10, 977 11, 087
7,816 8, 019
6, 784 7, 051
5, 847 5, 932
1844-'45 297 32
2
331 716
12
18 170
1, 129 4, 259
4
4
5, 312 5, 643.
·
1845-'46. 2, 292 124
144
2, 560
809
20
30: 285
2,273 5, 461
386
9, 264 11, 824
1846-47.1, 575
120
379
2,074 411
139
112
96
1847-'48. 605 149
74
828 534
16
30.
1848-'49. 997 74
184
1,255
555 30 163
1849-'50.2, 957 198
163
3, 318
468
22 279
1850-'51.1, 398 155
50
1, 603
306
239
50
1851-52 1, 466 165
94
1, 725
4
17 152
10
301
1852-53.12, 141 113.
52
2,306
260
45 53
20
1853-54.j2, 722 161
87
2, 970
194
2 37
87
88 4, 929
38 4, 850
136 6,050 110
181 7, 341 143
¹Before 1832 "Italy and Malta" were reported together; see "Italy."
4, 664 6, 738
5, 424 6, 252
6, 6977, 952
7,778 11, 096
5, 983 7, 586
5, 1966, 921
4 6,684 8, 990
8, 381 11, 351
748 3, 230
20
7
374 4, 396 74
5 467
331 4, 771 375
10 313
125, 180
30
144 6, 317 325
66
95
26 372
252
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.

Holland and Dutch Colo-
nies.
Italy, &c.
Portugal and Portu-
guese Colonies.
Years.
Germany (Hanse Towns
and German Ports).
Hayti.
1820-'21.
9
40
109
282 391
43
43
660
225 491
·
1821-'22
26 37
220
96
131 447
965
198..
64
1822-'23.
13 50
138
285 423 22
22
155
131 250
1823-'24.
13 31
-132
408
540 10
10
595
364
1824-'25.
42 337
152
243
395 25
25
13
442
61 692
1825-'26.
19 27
184
95
279 115
115
·
-
1, 362
59. 476
1826-'27. 108 74
283
442
725 93
93
690
4 316
1827-'28.
49 51
194
182
376 110
110
2
565
8 242
1828-'29.
31 32
412
252
• -
·
664 41
41
433
72 448
1829-'30.
96 61
304
356
660 131
131
401
2 171
1830-'31.
13 29
80
127
207 458 85
543
398
32 242
1831-'32
51 136
78
133
211 365 58
423
144
18 207
1832-'33.
411
1833-'34
10 17
123 30
199
84
237 470 27
497 16
241 18
27 448
356
555 36 76
112 9
627
•
28 555
1834-'35.
50 214
387 106
65 169
727 198
198
1, 063
21 484
1835-'36.
49 33
261
321
582 73 479
552
3
1836-'37.
15 113
240
70
310
303
303
433
1, 089.
55
40 297
5 803
1837-'38.
34 5
174
80
254 24 314
338
616
16 382
D
1838-'39.
48 60
310
17 129
456 191 298
489
7.55
72 645
1839-'40.
10 66
423
28 66
517
79 538
617
727
40 228
1840-'41.
15 249
265
58
36 77
436
19 744
763 10
1, 162
31 554
1841-'42
122 76
742
20 62
824
90 208 133
331
5
558
77 230
1842-'43.
26 29
287
72
359 93 172
265
1
288 297
22
-
1843-'44. 155 18
455
65 71
591 110 424
534
-2
928 2 116 253
1844-'45. 127
127
133 533
793 172 192
26 390 12
1, 327
16 12 377
-
1845-'46.
78 42
500
173
673 254 215
2 471
4
1, 353
4 496
1846-'47.
48 11 661
56
1847-'48.
38 38
561
1,227
717
1, 788
98 700
46 844
2
695
2
461
39 279
1 319
1, 839
328
1848-'49.
30 2
928
8
936
91 591
60 742
13 1, 528
18 258
1849-'50
31 7
956
956 113 461
18 592
31, 329
10
18 506
1850-'51. 158
96 1, 146
65
1851-'52. 239 73 1, 005
1852-'53.
1853-'54.
448 41 1, 089
27 487
4
1
1, 211 289 350
1, 005 80 815
1,689 126 349
492 65 229
19 658
8
9
977
34 634
40 935
2
5
1, 958
29 241
8 483
58
11 1, 848)
59
41 103
7 301 21 9
4 913.
27 33
"Italy and Malta" classed together before 1832.
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
253
Total.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Years
Portugal and
Portuguese
Colonies.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Spanish West Indies.


Russia.
1820-'21
1, 376
888
132
1821-'22
1, 020
266
40
306
1, 227
352
381
733
122
1822-'23
81
203
536
710
133
843
146
1823-'24
93
239
959
928
238
1824-'25
1825-'26
1, 166
151
655
806
·
1 195
6
317
407
724
1,004
77
*
1,897
1, 081
867
125
992
1826-'27
274
54
328
1, 010
347
339
086
1827-'28
1828-'29
617
81
698
815
418
048
1,066
825
99
924
953
1, 373
753
1829-'30..
2, 126
403
114
517
574
382
249
1830-'31
·
631
985
551
1, 536
672
680
393
1831-'32
1, 073
1, 080
256
369
1,336
1,392
804
1832-'33
2, 196
1, 085
182
734
1,886
1, 267
812
1833-'34
2,698
911
543
•
1, 210
1,822
1, 454
1834-'35
1, 020
2,842
1, 825
1,568
1,157
2, 464
818
1835-'36
3,282
638
671
825
1836-'37
1, 808
800
2, 608
358
579
1, 897
1, 463
282
1837-'38
1, 745
430
712
1, 014
1,038
165
1838-'39
1, 203
853
1, 472
1, 190
1839-'40
3,309
ri Fi
2,982
1, 309
937
1, 142
1, 549
4,858
6, 460
995
1, 011
2,043
7,471
1, 184
316
1840-'41
1,500
1, 038
933
1, 747
1, 971
2, 312
919
1841-'42
3,231
16, 602
1, 195
865
3,070
1842-'43
1,246
4,316
3, 107
4, 797
607
478
17,797
7,904
1843-'44
478
1, 119
1,299
3, 080
4, 199
2, 193
249
1844-'45
2, 442
1, 732
1,484
2, 839
1845-'46
1, 425
4,323
596
2, 021
454
1, 551
1,853
1846-'47
1, 604
2,005
1,057
2, 661
1,211
1, 158
1847-'48
1,683
1, 359
2,570
1,347
3, 630
1, 574
1, 009
2, 167
1, 789
1848-'49
1, 405
2,583
3, 194
883
978
1, 804
2,037
1, 861
1, 191
1849-'50
3,228
125
941
1,863
1, 066
3,803
1850-'51...
2, 812
6, 615
182
1, 645
1,458
2
1851-'52
3, 427
1, 640
2,692
6, 119
2,228
8, 713
2,558
1852-'53
1, 576
11, 271
1, 672
3, 248
521
2, 051
708
1853-'54
1, 492
1, 229
1,271
2,763
3, 392
969
973
1, 676
4, 361
1,736
3, 412
1, 910
10, 019
11, 929
254
-
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
Years.
Spanish South Amer-
ican Colonies and
Mexico.
Teneriffe and other
Canaries.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Sweden and Swedish Colonies.

Total Spanish Colo-
nies.
Total Spain and Span-
ish Colonies.
Sweden and Norway.
1820-'21
4
382
689
1821-'22
1,709
584
66
226
584
495
1822-'23
1, 228
233
129
326
233
694
1823-'24
1,537
198
25
224
1824-'25
1, 055
198
2,221
301
397
301
1825-'26
1,478
2,202
19
130
313
149
641
1826-'27
1, 633
67
67
367
1827-'28
1,065
1,751
1,007
459
1828-'29
1, 383
2, 449
1,007
2,979
302
2, 979
819
1829-'30
2,975
3,684
192
1830-'31
1,728
3, 684
2, 359
1, 560
291
1831-'32
1, 627
1, 560
2,700
313
217
313
1832-'33
1,484
3, 080
11
388
11
1833-'34
1,842
4, 540
102
102
319
1834-'35
3, 301
6, 143
39
39
257
1835-'36
1, 566
4,814
15
15
304
1836-'37
1,241
3, 849
131
131
450
1837-'38
1,592
3,337
23
23
529
1838-'39
2,572
3,775
10
180
10
1839-'40
7, 651
12, 309
30
30
178
1840-'41
2, 149
3,649
13
13
123
1841-'42
17,920
21, 151
226
8,130
1842-'43
12, 446
22
22
43
1843-'44
4, 242
8,920
162
1844-'45
4, 485
6, 927
2
42
1845-'46
2, 047
2
4, 068
185
1846-'47
2,755
5, 416
20
189
20
2, 772
1847-'48
.6, 402
65
1848-49
1, 926
5, 120
218
1,284
1849-'50
4, 512
224
1850-'51
1, 864
8, 479
161
11, 432
1851-'52
17, 551
211
1, 440
1852-'53
4, 688
6
5
11
142
1853-'54
4, 503
7,266
38
11, 967
15, 379
1
Swedish West In-
dies.
Total Sweden and
Swedish Colonies.
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
255
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Europe.
Asia, and Islands
of Pacific and
Africa.
Texas.
Turkey and the Levant, Egypt,
Venezuela.
Mocha.
Mediterranean Ports.
Atlantic Ports.
Continental Ports on
the Baltic and
North Seas.
Europe generally.
Total Europe.
Asia (not specified).
ified).
South Seas (not spec-
Total Asia and Isl-
ands of Pacific and
Indian Oceans. ·
Africa (not specified).
Total Africa.
Indian
Oceans.
Atlantic Islands (Spanish and
Portuguese).
1820-'21
217
5, 463
128
5,808
3
66
1821-'22
1
453
6, 311
246
7,010
193
193
30
94
424
1822-'23
4
368
4, 598
151
5, 117
2
98
707
1823-'24
749
8, 303
145
9.197
2
610
1824-'25
1, 164
6, 308
255
7,727
6
1, 150
1825-'26
2
1, 432
8, 867
203
10, 502
2
848
1826-'27
3
956
5, 599
391
7
6, 953
687
1827-'28
910
7,755
343
12
8,920
709
1828-'29
1, 846
6, 211
443
153
8, 653
822
1829-'30
3
2, 520
3,969
400
6, 889
365
1830-'31
1
2,578
2,728
93
5, 399
90
565
1831-'32
4
1,969
4, 504
131
6, 604
10
9
21
530
1832-'33
25
2,499
6,792
123
9, 414
30
1
133
31
31
863
1833-'34
2, 941
6, 156
278
9, 375
29
193
902
1834-'35
10, 102
11, 620
464
22, 179
106
2
103
817
1835-'36
2, 685
5, 479
311
8, 475
6
183
402
641
1836-'37
1,035
4, 204
255
5, 494
60
46
120
1,258
1837-'38
607
4, 021
229
4, 851
107
130
230
927
1838-'39
3
2, 379
7,110
358
9, 847
60
3
344
897
1839-'40
5
18
1, 197
3,871
451
5, 519
10
85
12
44
446
1840-'41
2
18
2, 434
6, 702
295
9, 491
225
14
139
708
1841-'42
1842-'43
1843-'44
200 LO
3, 383
7,954
872
12, 209
116
21
21
533
8
2, 628
343
155
25
362
5
2, 152
6, 513
660
9, 325
20
138
5
93
533
1844-'45
1 11
1, 257
5,784
291
7, 332
170
7
19
147
1845-'46
5
1,886
8, 435
592
10, 913
303 67 87
685
1846-'47
2
2,872
6, 684
754
10, 210
127
21 160
652
1847-'48
2, 428
7, 937
673
11, 038
42
74 90
393
1848-'49
51
3, 318
8, 403
966
12, 687
5
163
494
1849-'50
23
5, 823
13, 567
1, 018
20, 408
10
6 284
758
1850-'51
2
2
6, 919
10, 066 | 1, 404
18, 389
183
55 294
829
1851-'52
6, 344
11, 014
11, 014
| 1, 380
18, 738
43 94 246
481
1852-'53
5, 221
8, 568
1, 231
15, 020
20 60 117
347
1853-'54
2
3, 661
6, 602
532
10, 795
85
198
150 187
98
256
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
West Indies.
South America.
North America.

West Indies (not speci-
fied).
Total West Indies.
Atlantic Ports.
Pacific Ports.
South America (not speci-
fied).
Total South America.
Mexico, Honduras, and
Campeachy.
Northwest Coast.
Total North America.
1820-'21
511
8, 834
17
1821-'22
2,492
44
66
110
1822-'23
378❘ 11, 689
22
129
151
638
1823-'24
1,080 | 15, 379
11
25
36
2
2
1824-25
1,097
14, 164
27
27
13
231
1825-'26
4
15,728
59
13
72
397
1826-'27
487❘ 13, 375
196
44
240
2, 967
1827-'28
318 | 13, 824
32
12
44
2
2, 384
1828-'29
16, 301
7
21
1820-'30
28
9, 208
5
6
54
33
3, 449
15
6, 582
1830-'31
803 | 13, 474
70
88
158
3, 152
1831-'32
574 | 11, 808
10
27
37
13
1, 441
1832-'33
1,766
18, 048
63
78
141
16
2, 364
1833-'34
1, 822
15, 713
163
33
16
212
9
1834-'35
1835-'36
17, 221 26, 465
3,398
421
36
457
6, 531
2, 080❘ 10,
10, 747
274
11
285
29
2, 790
1836-'37
2,566 | 11, 844
57
13
70
69
1, 044
1837-'38
3, 890 | 14, 180
137
14
50
201
3, 668
1838-'39
4,368
34, 109
66
415
481
38
5, 424
1839-'40
2, 941
9, 161
197
197
5
12, 561
1840-'41
914
25, 248
421
421
19
1841-'42
1,270
16, 785
397
6
403
6, 295
1,773
1842-'43
1, 961
13, 682
92
21
113
455
1843-'44
1, 861
12, 275
182
9
191
701
1844-'45
2,215 | 11, 732
226
32
258
16
1, 151
1845-'46
1,867 | 13, 780
704
39
743
4
2,277
1846-'47
1,428
9, 080
108
32
140
7
755
1847-'48
1, 536
9, 145 1, 310
43
1, 353
374
1848-49
1,536
8, 010
400
23
423
351
1849-'50
1, 011
10, 089
367
47
414
144
1850-'51
670 | 17, 698
155
188
343
8
96
. 1851-'52
1,349
8, 985
212
90
16
318
2
140
1852-'53
1853-'54
'Includes 212 for "Oriental Republic" not in preceding columns.
708
1, 123❘ 22, 288
12, 418
1544
93
637
136
167
63
230
21
202
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
257
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, 1854-'55 to 1860-'61.
[Quantities and values.]

Argentine Re-
public and
Austria.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Chili.
Years.
Buenos Ayres.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
1855-'56.
1856-'57
40
1857-'58
15
1858-'59
10
1859-'60
1860-'61
39
88
80
10
$5,368
650
286
$17, 505
380
$1,352
100
$7,236
364
25, 067
336
4, 151
174
11, 150
3, 215
1, 100
488
323
-
24, 190
56
5, 293
266
19, 519
197
12, 135
31
1,964
117
11, 832
3
$125
250
14, 257
31
2, 329
64
4, 160
1
20
549
46, 886
658
11, 024
91
4,784
1, 503
590
23, 849
110
5,737
133
6, 124
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
France and French Colonies.
France.
Years.
Denmark.
Danish West
Indies.
Total Denmark
and Danish
Colonies.
Atlantic ports.
Mediterranean
ports.


M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1, 494
$21, 467
1, 494
$21, 467
1855-'56
2, 439
$145, 984
1, 055
1,320
24, 491
$80, 246
1, 055
24, 491
1856-'57.
1, 187
10
$627
76, 010
417
28, 215
648
23, 578
658
24, 205
1857-'58
2,068
145, 951
769
49, 162
417
15,747
417
15,747
2,947
1858-'59.
202, 748
1,803
122, 048
613
2, 532
613
1859-'60.
2, 532 | 10, 457
677, 993
3, 894
203, 624
1,077
15, 455
1,077
1860-'61.
15, 455
6,370
333, 764
4, 539
-
138
281, 210
2,782
138
2, 782
3,300
177, 124
3, 888
246, 511
France and French Colonies.

France.
French Colonies.
Years.
Total France.
In Africa.
In North America.
French West
Indies.
French Guiana.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55 3,759
1855-'56. 1, 604
$226, 230
625
$2, 994
4. 549
$49, 042
104, 215
55
6, 105
1,574
24, 405
1856-'57.
2,837
195, 113
3
438
1,559
29.546
4
1857-'58 4, 750
324, 796
$240
152
3,056
1858-'59. 14, 351
1, 532
47, 580
18
997
881, 617
10,977
9,022
1,176
1859-'60 | 10, 909
35, 972
169
891
614, 974
6
$480
1860-'61.
7, 188
423, 635
2,994
480
1, 165
1,789
49, 550
7
414
10, 115
1, 045
39, 730
8
280
France and French Colonies.
Germany.
French Colonies.
Years.
Total French
Colonies.
Total France and
French Colonies.
Bremen.
Hamburg.
Other German
ports.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
Μ.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
1855-'36.
5, 174 $52, 036
1, 627
8, 933 | $278, 266
183
$11, 408
66
30, 510
3, 231
134, 725
50
3, 429
116
1856-'57 .
1, 562
$3,863
8, 284
1
$118
30, 224
4,399
225, 337
184
12, 781
96
8, 175
1857-58.
1,702
51, 633
6, 452
376, 429
282
17, 880
203
1858-59. 12, 322
11, 615
12
45, 885
442
26, 673
927,502
200
15, 667
358
20, 406
1859-'60 .
4,886
51, 609
15,795
666, 583
711
26, 278
453
1860-'61
1,533
50, 125 8, 721
22, 802
5
143
473, 760
563
22, 917
614
25, 922
China, 7 M ($450) in 1856-'57.
Ecuador, 5 M ($450) in 1857-'58.
17 FOR
258
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Years.
Total Germany.

England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great Brit-
ain.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
250
$15, 389
1,780
$109, 335
135
$9,256
90
1855-'56.
166
$5, 301
11, 713
2, 005
2, 044
$123, 892
137, 059
169
12, 004
114
1856-'57.
6,950
280
20, 956
2, 327
2, 594
32, 013
165, 549
245
18, 259
1857-'58.
3,885
7, 209
497
29, 937
6, 724
191, 017
3,791
243, 729
259
19, 616
312
1858-'59.
648
12, 136
4,365
36, 073
3, 815
275, 481
219, 824
182
1859-'60. 1, 369
12, 688
212
7, 352
49, 223
4, 209
239, 864
3, 359
156, 371
493
22, 296
278
1860-'61.
1, 177
48, 839
10, 738
4, 130
189, 405
2, 684
104, 329
321
13, 610
178
7, 347
3, 183
125, 286
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Gibraltar.
Malta.
British Posses-
sions in Africa.
British East In-
dies.
British Australia.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
321
$21, 894
15
$1,000
287
$19, 725
36
$2, 531
8
$496
1855-'56
310
19, 786
280
18, 917
45
1,348
15
1856-'57.
147
9, 466
513
40, 784
137
9, 282
27
1, 195
1,560
1857-'58.
155
9,499
3
240
225
13, 629
8
594
1858-'59.
525
33, 336
4
40
249
16, 818
2
180
1859-'60.
807
48, 501
16
800
214
14, 947
1860-'61.
585
30, 778
15
689
104
5, 228
3833333
39
2, 105
53
1, 961
Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Canada.
British West In- British Honduras. British Guiana.
dies.
Other British
North America.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-55 18, 090❘ $224, 381
347
1855-'56 17, 588
$14, 054
239, 809
390
1856-'57 12, 675
20, 304
359
1, 152
$2,954
4, 290
214
199, 310
$13,726
766
18, 430
394
7,839
239
1857-58
9,902
164, 827
17, 559
271
8, 869
1858-'59. 12, 195
9, 450
44, 214
50
2,455
195, 276
71
$5,399
180
7, 184
742
15, 367
202
1859-'60 | 13, 991
9,700
221, 047
1
18
67
2, 114
374
1860-'61. 3,572
6, 420
231
7, 211
138, 976
346
15, 208
337
9, 420
103
6, 612
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
259
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Italy.

British Colonies.
Hayti.
Holland.
Years.
Total British Col-
onies.
Total Great Brit-
ain and British
Colonies.
Papal States.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.'
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-55. 19, 463
$287, 095
$287, 095
21, 468
$410, 987
10
$593
558
$31, 565
13
1855-'56. 19, 994
1866-'57. 14, 898
1857-'58. 20, 064
1858-'59. 14, 200
1859-'60. 15, 740
1860-'61. 5, 115
$307
319, 375 |
22, 321
351, 388
44
3,035
487
26, 695
304, 230 |
21, 622
495, 247
8
663
1,759
98,055
244, 327 | 24, 429
519, 808
7
455
768
44, 570
294, 330 | 18, 409
534, 194
18
740
1, 440
86, 900
7
380
303, 163❘ 19, 870
208, 872
8, 298
492, 568
3
73
1, 994
76, 801
12
371
334, 158
11
531
1, 524
68, 777
Greece, 2 M ($113) in 1858-'59.
Dutch East Indies, 7 M ($200) in 1860-'61.
Dutch West Indies, 6 M ($293) in 1856-'57; 38 M ($878) in 1859-'00.
Dutch Guiana, 30 M ($1,133) in 1860-'61.
Ionian Republic, 22 M ($350) in 1857-'58.
Italy (Austrian), 40 M ($1,700) in 1858-'59.

Italy.
Mexico.
Years.
Sardinia.
Tuscany.
Two Sicilies.
Total Italy.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
267
$10, 630
1855-'56.
36
2,008
co to
12
$268
223
$10, 713
515
$21, 918
3
145
186
8, 071
225
10, 224
1856-'57.
55
2, 668
372
18, 295
427
20, 961
1857-'58.
63
2, 329
6
246
728
36, 851
837
42, 126
1858-'59.
124
5, 972
7
226
737
35, 444
875
42, 022
1859-'60
141
6, 879
10
360
286
11, 941
449
19, 551
1860-'61
108
5, 054
38
1, 422
495
23, 701
641
30, 177
23
~20HOMM
$87
75
9
723
1
6.1
5
231
3
105
1, 140
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
New Grenada.
Peru.
Years.
Portugal.
Azores.
Cape de Verde
Islands.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1
$79
783
$62, 248
27
$520
26
$1,940
1, 038
91, 237
28
1,687
36
2,690
1, 136
96, 460
14
928
1857-'58.
1
35
934
72, 411
26
323
1858-'59.
10
8
289
$500
108
4, 608
1, 061
48, 871
7
1859-'60.
425
12
432
115
3, 649
745
53, 291
2
1860-'61.
160
11
510
49
2, 085
870
53, 002
9
780
260
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(d.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Years.
Madeira.
Total Portuguese
Colonies.
Total Portugal
and Portuguese
Colonies.
St. Domingo.
Sandwich Islands,
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
27
$520
810
$63, 058
3
$58
1855-'56.
6
$419
6
419
1, 044
92, 281
1856-'57
14
928
1, 150
97, 388
7
$185
1857-'58.
6
350
42
1, 173
976
73, 584
90
1858-'59.
1, 813
32
1, 750
39
2, 175
1, 100
51, 046
12
333
1859-'60.
3
120
5
280
750
53, 571
1860-'61.
51
2,076
60
2,856
936
55, 888
14
54
130
50
2, 832
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Atlantic ports.
Mediterranean
ports.
Total Spain.
Canary Islands.
Cuba.
M. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55. 4,054
$266, 397
1,896
$131, 172
5,950
$397, 569
29
1855-'56. 1,950
$1,564
8, 132
129, 621
2, 136
$480, 119
148, 092
4, 086
277,713
12
1856-'57
2,576
1, 012
7, 668
158, 517
627, 855
2,018
144, 267
4, 591
302, 784
7
603
1857-'58
3, 108
7,835
163, 088
3, 193
561, 674
214, 181
6, 301
377, 269
100
1858-'59.
3, 682
2,697
24, 063
161, 407
359, 929
1, 850
109, 767
5, 532
271, 174
15
1, 218
45, 715
1859-'60 2, 552
115, 237
340, 239
1, 205
71, 205
3,757
186, 442
38
1, 330
1860-'61.
3,386
16, 364
198, 493
574, 272
971
62, 940
4,357
261, 433
11
695
11, 458
502, 133
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Turkey.

Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Porto Rico.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Total Spain and
Spanish Colo-
Swedish West
Indies.
nies.
Turkey in
Europe.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55. 36, 055 |
1855-'56 31, 664
1856-'57.| 21, 582
1857-'58. 20, 510
1858-'59 27, 461
1859-'60 32, 304 126, 907
1860-'61 | 34, 811 122, 887
$136, 755 | 44, 216 | $618, 438
125, 468 | 39, 344
114, 330 | 29, 424
50,166 | $447, 735
754, 335
43, 430
321, 143
9
22
$200
100
676, 607
34, 018
336, 802
62, 254 | 44, 673
61, 370 | 73, 181
424, 880
50, 974
428, 243
402, 827
78, 713
349, 887
273
$528
4
181
48, 706
702, 509
52, 463
238, 905
46, 280
625, 715
50, 637
312, 070
Turkey.
"Whale Fisher-
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Years.
Turkey in Asia.
Total Turkey.
ies" (country
not specified).
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
2
$200
101
$6, 013
180
1855-'56.
$2,250
11
$378
13
478
16
1, 177
1856-'57.
4
270
4
270
3
$267
33
1, 401
1857-'58
181
1858-'59
12, 300
21
787
1, 942
29, 138
1859-'60 .
4
300
4
200
67
1,460
201
18, 085
1860-'61.
38
1, 162
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
261
General summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Mediterranean
Years.
Ports.
Europe.
Total Europe.
Atlantic Ports.¹
Continental Ports on
Baltic and North Seas.

M.
Value.
M
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
3,748 | $234, 536
9, 602
$620, 415
1, 094
1855-'56
$63, 459
14, 444
2,791
187, 009
6, 812
$918, 410
137, 050
1,026
1856-'57
63, 475
3,215
10, 629
214, 660
12, 651
387, 543
601, 411
1857-'58
2, 372
143, 828
5,858
18,238
376, 945
959, 899
8,509
504, 226
1858-'59
1, 462
86, 642
15, 829
6, 632
967, 813
621, 606
19, 964
1, 161, 411
2, 611
1859-'60
137, 758
5, 212
373, 066
29, 207
1, 920, 975
14, 524
740, 198
3, 812
1860-'61 .
172, 910
23, 548
5. 515
340, 317
11, 330
1,286, 174
524, 813
3, 291
141, 465
20, 136
1, 006, 595
¹Including all ports of Great Britain.

Asia and Islands in Pa-
cific and Indian Oceans.1
Africa.2
Years.
Atlantic Islands (Span-
ish and Portuguese).
West Indies.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
224
$5, 277
461
$28, 336
56
1855-'56.
60
$2,084
2, 543
68, 333
$912, 415
587
26, 524
18
1856-'57 .
178
1, 431
59, 591
11, 477
1,045, 063
951
74, 278
21
1857-'58.
1, 531
279
44, 313
14, 607
1, 393
929, 394
42, 733
142
1858-'59.
1, 956
29, 651
3,870
56, 431
933
490, 792
24, 905
54
1859-'60.
240
3,393
77, 178
20, 190
536, 129
600
30, 460
43
1860-'61.
1, 610
110
4,993
65, 567
988, 236
345
15, 155
71
3, 551
51,039
807, 172
1 Including the exportation for use of whale fisheries.
2 Including ports not specified.
South America.
Canada and other
Mexico and Hon-
duras.
Years.
Atlantic Ports.
Pacific Ports.
Total South
America.
North Ameri-
can Ports.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1854-'55.
909
$26, 866
100
$7,236
1, 009
$34, 102
2
1855-'56
752
26, 282
$87
984
200
13, 090
$5, 948
952
39, 372
2
75
1856-'57
930
1, 421
24, 121
30, 533
302
22, 200
1,232
52, 742
9
723
636
1857-58
336
12, 965
25, 836
122
12, 282
458
25, 247
1
64
1858-'59.
9, 652
419
11, 968
49, 725
172
8, 768
591
20, 736
76
1859-'60 .
812
15, 464
6, 630 | 11, 921
34, ('89
206
8, 433
1, 018
23, 897
4
123
1860-'61
582
25, 533
183
8, 209
3, 599
14,796
765
33,742
23
1, 140
920
26, 117
[
262
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(e.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, from 1861-'62 to 1863-64.
[By quantities and values.]
Countries.
1861-'62.
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
Argentine Republic
Belgium
6
$297
45
$3,033
336
Brazil
$18, 235
427
20, 680
120
9, 847
68
Central America..
3, 046
162
9, 004
33
2, 962
Chili………
30
1, 650
16
1, 625
82
China and Japan
4, 720
82
5, 848
675
19, 640
4
Denmark and Danish West Indies.
81
140
8, 404
47
511
Germany
3, 064
25, 217
1,483
31, 319
61
379
3,332
21, 119
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
413
30, 310
611
50, 057
1, 198
British East Indies and Australia
75, 612
1,766
142, 811
1, 629
118,929
74
British Possessions in Africa and Mediterra-
4, 797
28
1, 844
96
8, 818
nean..
591
British West Indies and Possessions in Cen-
tral and South America.
39, 538
557
38, 292
574
47, 061
2,946
Canada and British Possessions in North
America
148, 240
4, 094
179, 876
1, 526
91, 834
175
Total Great Britain and British Columbia
4,860
269
8, 481
630
16, 391
4, 984
France
273, 047
6, 714
371, 304
4, 455
283, 033
5, 760
French Colonies
439, 908
6, 573
540, 284
4, 295
375, 096
1, 384
Total France and Colonies.
73, 977
1, 636
87, 182
251
Hayti and San Domingo
7, 144
513, 885
8, 209
627, 466
4, 546
16, 505
391, 601
Holland and Dutch Colonies
70
4,387
10
325
286
17,995
Italy
452
26, 498
624
49, 413
136
Liberia and other African ports.
8,987
161
13, 143
522
33, 816
146
7,496
Mexico
295
16, 336
61
5,788
26
New Grenada and Venezuela
1, 255
69
3, 428
2
200
149
Peru and Ecuador.
6, 196
113
8, 324
12
604
31
Portugal and Colonies
2, 132
32
1,763
6
525
649
43, 152
Sandwich Islands.
1, 326
131, 536
1,024
124, 950
366
Spain and Canary Islands.
1, 690
17
883
325
3, 727
5, 233
Spanish West Indies
341, 305
9, 501
930, 838 7,695
749, 683
46, 842 1, 301, 122
Total Spain and Colonies
Sweden, Norway, and Swedish West Indies.
52, 0751, 642, 427
75, 738
85, 239 2, 945, 41929, 908
2, 014, 581 | 22, 213
718, 955
1, 468, 638
1
Turkey and Dependencies
42
Uruguay
16
16
1,300
735
(f.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, from 1864-'65 to 1867–68.
[Quantities and values.]

1864-'65.
1865-'66.
1866-'67.
1867-'68.
Countries.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
Argentine Republic.
22
Belgium
187
$730
30,538
5
$643
107
$12, 330
369
Bolivia
$53, 156
208
27, 425
1
125
Brazil.
67
7,230
476
Chili..
29, 056
364
17, 628
190
20, 770
81
China..
7, 184
50
4, 203
75
14, 341
Denmark and Colonies¹
6
1, 100
•
France (Atlantic).
83
2,822
5, 460
133
9, 462
65
3, 610
512
21, 864
422, 774
2, 764
France (Mediterranean)
355, 388
1, 142
France (total).
3, 964
184, 079
606, 853
2, 162
4, 926
329, 564
684, 952
4, 095
1, 102
5, 197
French North American
Colonies
526, 037
240, 985
767, 022
1, 164
139, 347
864
1,228
166, 512
117
3, 248
17
French West Indies
196
11, 470
141
Total France and Colonies..
4,277
621, 571
5, 084
Bremen.
468
3, 850
689, 270
5
137
8
175
11, 912
237
305, 859
238
13, 983
5, 377
779, 071
2,255
320, 080
423
52, 360
274
24, 012
265
Hamburg
38, 261
313
26, 966
481
56, 242
139
Total Germany
24, 871
63
9, 321
84
6, 301.
904
108, 602
413
48, 883
328
England
47, 582
1, 329
138, 177
1, 417
193, 644
2, 151
344, 476
Scotland
397
1, 384
33, 267
280
47, 279
303
42, 148
208
Ireland
40, 722
229
169, 377
33, 295
6
673
Great Britain
1, 615
186, 129
38
1,758
4, 050
20
4,766
15
239, 842
Gibraltar
2, 469
389, 964
1, 628
554
64, 610
479
54, 222
388
Malta..
50, 484
322
576
203, 248
49, 713
99
16, 081
148
Canada
British North America
50
283
33, 070
22
1,350
93
430
140
6, 728
156
British Provinces on Pacific
16,541
225
2,700
17, 520
3
CO
30
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
263
(f.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
1864-'65.
1865-'66.
1866-'67.
1867-'68.

Countries.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
British West Indies..
304
$19, 478
1, 574
$62, 042
3, 343
$175, 610
2,900
British Honduras
$137, 206
17
715
36
305
6
420
British Guiana
648
51, 619
509
42, 363
1, 061
50, 577
1, 488
82, 559
British Possessions in Africa
31
.2, 897
64
7,566
11
1, 355
84
11, 189
Australia
89
8, 113
2
234
27
Total British Colonies.
4,859
1,718
149, 272
2, 901
189, 307
5, 115
328, 291
5, 139
Total Great Britain and
305, 746
Colonies
3,333
335, 401
4, 659
429, 149
7, 584
718, 255
Hayti
6, 767
508, 994
57
2, 832
Holland
598
62, 146
402
43, 932
574
61, 920
682
Dutch West Indies..
69, 065
1
110
76
4, 246
Italy
440
40, 206
200
Sicily
24, 094
409
53, 416
70
9
1, 256
197
32, 836
538
Japan
7,531
49, 667
10
300
Liberia and other ports in
Africa
Mexico
Peru..
80
13, 043
38
2,270
15
1, 920
13
1, 298
8
760
42
3,840
58
6, 460
13
Portugal.
2, 852
719
109, 947
177
37, 243
1,226
202, 513
543
Azores.
89, 258
53
7,845
3
Madeira
420
9
1, 200
26
Total Portugal and Colonies
3,590
179
21, 743
728
111, 147
177
37, 243
1,305
Russia.
213, 948
725
111, 421
2
265
Sandwich Islands
33
1, 332
22
711
Spain (Atlantic)
1,708
219,595
1, 617
239,032
Spain (Mediterranean)
4,931
654, 890
-
2, 123
284, 143
5, 085
Spain (total)
742, 407
2,699
420, 490
5,540
896, 065
3,831
503, 738
Cuba
Canary Islands
Porto Rico
6, 702
981, 439
7,630 | 1,075, 380
96
3,967
52
7,372
24
12, 746
583, 706
8, 156
380, 979
993
1, 494
90, 203
3
866
3,754
84, 192
883
Total Spain and Colonies
22, 136 1,567, 930
12, 923
41, 198
933, 287
4
United States of Colombia.
Uruguay
530
7,723 1,073, 666
1
570
9
491
109, 543
1, 343
8, 508 1, 186, 757
Venezuela
8
498
5
822
General summary by coasts
and grand divisions.
Europe
(Mediterranean
ports)
-
1, 584
Europe (Atlantic ports)..
4, 991
224, 285
673, 513
4, 593
6, 709
655, 138
869, 047
Europe (continental ports
6, 941 |1, 102, 714
8, 569 1, 205, 517
4, 171
8, 045
644, 200
1, 047, 198
North and Baltic Seas)….
1, 691
Europe (total)
13, 806
Asia and islands in Pacific
201, 551
1,995, 414
922
| 12, 224
12, 224
105, 145
1, 629, 330
1,629, 330
1,271 162, 658
16, 781 2, 470, 889
1, 287
13,503
129, 757
1, 821, 155
and Indian Oceans
122
9, 445
10
300
30
Africa
2,045
27
31
4,859
2.897
144
Atlantic Islands (Spanish
20, 609
16
2,080
84
11, 189
and Portuguese)
105
5, 167
52
West Indies
7,372
103
12, 929
185
17, 141
22, 654
707, 248
11, 365
South America (Atlantic)..
545, 708
5, 154
343, 785
5, 206
358, 004
670
52, 379
581
South America (Pacific)
50, 415
190
20, 770
123
South America (total) .
860
11, 025/
1, 541
80, 203
1, 865
101, 328
108
10, 788
88
17, 193
73, 149
704
61, 440
Mexico and Honduras
1, 649
90, 991
1, 953
55
2,985
118, 521
51
Canada and other North
2,225
19
1,718
8
760
American ports..
192
5, 058
157
7, 196
161
16, 678
326
20, 458
I Chiefly Danish West Indies.
264
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(9.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Districts, 1855-56 to 1867-'68.
[Quantities and values.]
Maine.
Years.
Penobscot.
Portland and Fal-
mouth.
Other ports of
Maine.
Total Maine.

M
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
I
20
$1,375
18
$37, 955
38
44
5,878
$39, 330
1857-'58
84
44
6, 202
5, 878
1858-'59
379
110
$1,407
463
4, 924
1859-'60
45, 338
7, 609
222, 345
8, $77
4, 572
54, 325
1860-'61
3, 711
231, 841
187,420
3, 180
1, 312
15
2, 450
6, 891
1861-'62
3, 395
188, 732
160, 762
427
7, 140
3, 837
6, 200
1862-'63
366, 343
170, 352
424
11, 780
6, 624
1863-'64
8, 464
378, 123
618, 084
785
28, 050
9, 252
646, 134
451
1864-'65
62, 412
25
1, 495
476
1866-'67
1, 192
63, 907
79, 525
141
3, 666
1, 333
83, 191
283
1867-'68
42, 549
5
137
288
42, 686
515
71, 753
80
2,329
595
74, 082
Portsmouth, N. H., 45 M ($901) in 1858–'59.
Massachusetts.
Years.
Salem and Beverly.
Boston and Charles- Other ports of Mas-
town.
sachusetts.
Total Massachu-
setts.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
738
1856-'57
$71, 526
133
38
$6, 208
$16, 633
871
$81, 595
322
1857-'58
27, 372
31
1, 013
391
955
13, 649
34, 633
88
5, 140
1858-'59
10
553
726
11, 796
1, 053
19, 342
174
12, 390
1859-'60
900
66
5,717
24, 186
193
16, 800
1860-'61
259
10
771
22, 517
889
55, 184
1861-'62
899
55, 955
1, 401
83, 083
140
1862-'63
6, 754
1,541
2, 555
61, 938
201, 422
178
1863-'64
11, 168
2, 733
94, 251
215
26, 045
31
1864-'65
1, 103
246
338
202, 525
57, 461
1866-'67
338
26, 045
1, 176
199, 596
1867-'68
1, 176
57, 461
964
157, 848
964
152, 848
Newport, R. I., 49 M ($5,000) in 1860–261.
Connecticut.


Years.
New London.
New Haven.
Ports of Connecti-
cut.
Total Connecticut.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56.
42, 656
1856-'57
$72, 020
42, 656
27,839
$72, 020
44, 841
1857-'58
27, 839
90
$1,813
23, 067
44, 841
1858-'59
31, 742
1181
2,223
¹$12, 200
29, 791
23, 338
32, 673
45, 755
1859-'60
46,513
232
22, 216
34, 896
38, 440
76, 304
52, 810
1860-'61
2727
21, 236
112
39, 399
4, 462
32, 830
1861-'62
51, 535
76, 262
32, 942
55, 997
1862-'63
27, 223
59, 343
27, 223
59, 343
1863-'64
42, 129
91, 870
42, 129
91, 870
870
1864-'65
3, 007
870
3,007
30
2, 297
1866-67
30
2,297
14
1,000
1867-'68
14
1,000
37
1,990
37
1,990
¹Stonington.
2 Middletown.
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
265
(g.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Districts, &c.-Continued.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
Years.
Seaboard.
Philadelphia.
Maryland.

Baltimore.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
15, 466
$1, 149, 866
1856-'57
17, 762
1, 281, 930
1857-'58
14, 497
960, 390
1858-'59
18,702
935, 157
57
2585
62
$2,018
21
661
682
1,710
$24, 558
58, 488
50
2, 749
1, 152
53, 983
1859-'60
2, 885
1,231
61, 076
33, 877
1, 327, 186
9
480
1860-'61
1,442
59, 030
29, 819
1, 413, 126
27
820
1861-'62
1, 130
56, 557
28, 343
1,759, 249
1862-'63
5, 499
287, 698
202
11, 118
34, 337
2, 374, 299
1863-'64
10, 314
448, 271
1, 164
21, 508
58,390
1,824, 394
10,845
1864-'65
414, 996
9, 000
76, 454
18, 585
2, 204, 655
1866-'67
11, 716
490, 276
678
48, 188
11, 710
1,950, 004
533
1867-'68
26, 185
1, 179
96, 040
10, 130
1, 437, 371
123
14, 941
1, 344
138, 804
Virginia.

Years.
Alexandria.
Richmond.
Norfolk and Ports-
mouth.
Total Virginia.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
34
$1, 190
82
$911
1856-'57
6,391 | $229, 474
6, 515
15
$231, 975
300
18
940
6, 337
1857-'58
218, 719
6, 376
2, 319
39
1, 040
36
2, 060
6, 421
218, 659
1858-'59
6, 496
221, 759
30
760
6, 432
194, 504
1859-'60
6, 402
47
1,609
195, 264
17
1,950
5, 657
1860-'61
231, 575
5, 721
10
235, 134
375
2,575
1861-'62 ...
105, 182
2, 585
2,950
1862-'63
1863-'64
•
1864-'65
1866-'67
1867-'68.
Years.
7
1,600
155
3,853
4, 555
7,906
204, 304
241, 343
155
3,853
7,906
204, 304
4, 562
242, 943
North Carolina.


Edenton. ¹
Camden. 1
Plymouth. '
Washington. *
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
48
$1,056
412
$9,347
501
$10, 347
489
1856-'57
$9,893
352
6, 796
406
7,700
416
1857-'58
6, 868
449
8,358
150
3, 291
426
1858-'59
7,325
5
27
244
4,813
477
12, 050
519
1859-'60
44
1,074
9, 104
220
4, 796
410
9,388
443
1860-'61..
7, 441
52
868
202
3, 237
128
1861-'62
2, 428
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
*
1867-'68
Delaware exported 10 M ($550) in 1861-'62, and 2 M ($173) in 1862-'03. Petersburg exported 8 M ($400)
in 1855-'56, and 6 M ($360) in 1856-'57. These are included in the total of Virginia.
¹Albemarle District (representing Edenton, Camden, and Plymouth, of former years) exported in 1867-
'68 72 M, valued at $2,198.
2 Pamlico District (represented in former years by New Berne, Washington, and Ocracoke) exported in
1867-'68 22 M, valued at $412. Ocracoke, in 1856-'57, exported 130 M, valued at $3,288.
266
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
(g.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Districts, &c.-Continued.

Years.
Newbern.¹
North Carolina.
Beaufort.
Wilmington.
Total North Caro-
lina.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
168
$2,743
4
$50
301
1856-'57
$3, 172
1, 923
118
1, 835
$36, 608
18
294
105
1857-'58
2,505
1, 545
29, 286
117
1, 774
9
119
174
1858-'59
3, 978
1, 325
24, 845
141
2, 133
13
192
11
440
1859-'60
1, 410
28, 759
225
4,392
11
151
1, 353
27, 242
1860-'61
154
3,728
21
475
557
1861-'62
10, 736
1862-'63
31
521
31
1863-'64
•
521
11
124
11
124
1864-'65
1866-'67
7
280
152
1867-'68
8
5, 425
257
152
5, 425
102
2,867
South Carolina.
Georgia.

Years.
Georgetown.
Charleston.
Total South Caro-
lina.
Savannah.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
199
$3,980
19
$677
218
1856-'57
40
800
35
1, 629
1857-'58
12
660
1858-'59..
123
1, 013
22233
$4, 657
50
$2,639
75
2, 429
- 47
2, 802
12
660
105
1, 013
149
4,356
4, 485
1859-'60
27
602
1860-'61
25
1, 660
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
D
1864-'65...
1866-'67
1867-'68
10
156
200
97
5, 668
21
5, 575
2, 381
107
5, 775
26
177
8, 049
4
2,229
364
Florida.
Alabama.
Louisiana.
California.
Years.
Gulf ports.
Mobile.
New Orleans.
San Francisco.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56..
1
$50
148
$8, 308
600
$23, 040
1856-'57
23, 766
2730
242
14, 950
5, 505
355, 120
1857-'58
44
2,440
404
27, 055
6, 454
395, 550
1858-'59
84
400
446
28, 364
11, 711
789, 117
12
$333
1859-'60
37
875
120
7, 602
6, 128
410, 169
1860-'61
4
235
1, 197
73, 977
1861-'62
386
2,461
1862-'63
5, 308
418, 165
47
2,238
1863-'64
201
28, 488
357
4, 548
1864-'65
114
13, 800
17
485
1866-'67
1867-'68
11
4
855
17
2, 180
5,420
543, 178
295
136
14, 469
2, 673
280, 212
'Pamlico District (represented in former years by New Berne, Washington, and Ocracoke) exported in
1867-68 22 M, valued at $412. Ocracoke, in 1856-'57, exported 130 M, valued at $3,288.
2 This return from Apalachicola evidently involves an error.
EXPORTATION OF STAVES AND HEADING.
267
(g.) Exportation of Staves and Heading, by Districts, &c.-Continued.

Northern Frontier.
Years.
Detroit. Miami (Toledo).
Sandusky.
Cuyahoga (Cleve- Lake Ports of
land).
New York.
M. Value. M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56....
950
$960 112
$2,790
190
1$540
1856-'57
20
1,000
59
1, 280
2130
2830
1857-'58...
8, 429
3, 625
202
4, 567
426
$10 930
3650
83, 847
1858-'59
852
7,800
5
$200
610
14, 648
4292
47, 567
1859-'60
121
2,885
68
1. 178
163
4, 205
5185
52, 357
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'03
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-67 ..
1867-'68
99
-
2, 780
50
1,000
6188
65, 640
72
•
1, 935
35
1, 020
6188
65, 640
86
3,230
9
700
107
2, 955
95
3,930
•
7
415
22
1, 350
29
1, 265
3
800
3
800
General Summary.
Years.
Atlantic Coast.
Gulf Coast.
Pacific Coast.
Northern Frontier.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1855-'56
68, 205
$1,651, 422
749
$31, 458
1856-'57
1, 152
55, 804
1, 462, 907
9, 513
370, 800
$4,290
1857-'58
209
48, 491
3, 010
1, 341, 448
6, 902
425, 045
1858-'59
9, 710
118, 300
23, 003
1, 560, 970
12, 241
817, 881
12
1859-'60
$333
89, 027
1,759
30, 215
1, 937, 245
6, 285
418, 646
1860-'61
537
71, 831
10, 625
1,773, 153
1, 201
74, 212
1861-'62
337
69, 432
2, 558, 019
9, 420
386
1862-'63
2, 461
295
98, 960
3,713, 736
8, 595
5, 308
418, 165
47
1863-'64
2,288
202
6,885
42, 956
2, 585, 407
201
28, 488
357
1864-'65
4, 548
95
32, 985
3, 930
2,862, 558
114
13, 800
17
485
1866-'67
58
19, 038
2, 390, 109
3,530
5, 448
546, 213
1867-'68
18, 038
2, 079, 259
2,820
295, 706
66
2,500
Texas, in 1867-'68, exported 7 M, valued at $730. Milwaukec, in 1858–53, exported 3 M, valued at $34.
Huron District, in 1867-'68, exported 60 M, valued at $900.
4
•
6
¹ Genesee 30 M ($180), the rest from Niagara. 2Of this, 51 M ($1.150) were from Oswegatchie, the rest
from Cape Vincent. 3 Cape Vincent, except 60 M ($484) from Niagara. Niagara. Buffalo. Cham
plain.
268
EXPORTATION OF BOX-SHOOKS.
2.-BOX-SHOOKS. EXPORTATION FROM 1863-'64 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Exportation of Box-Shooks, by Foreign Countries, from 1863-'64 to 1866-'67.
[Condensed headings: Values.]
Belgium
-
Countries.
1863-'64.
1864-'65. 1865–66. 1866-'67.
Brazil.
Chili
$270
$1,623
405
873
$416
Danish West Indies.
675
French West Indies.
5, 156
Canada
British West Indies.
Germany (Bremen)
Great Britain (England)
Other ports of British North America.
British Honduras
10, 358
350
98
17
11, 590
2,508
$3,000
26, 790
3, 131
100
British Guiana..
British African and Mediterranean ports
6, 838
1,783
570
British West Indies and Colonies and South America.
Hayti
1,058
Italy.
200
Sicily.
28, 247
30, 040
8, 600
Liberia and other ports in Africa
16, 552
53, 388
Mexico..
1, 390
130
New Granada
258
Portugal and Colonies.
Sandwich Islands.
Spain (Atlantic ports).
Spanish West Indies.
Cuba
Porto Rico..
Uruguay.
Venezuela
1,098
400.
2, 120
2, 620
745, 834
1,292, 432 1,042, 198
1, 280
627, 120
15, 501
2, 093
750
7, 615
Total.
778, 542 1,327, 593 |1,152, 062
699, 279
EXPORTATION OF BOX-SHOOKS.
269
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Box-Shooks, by Countries, from 1867-'68 to 1878–79.

French Colonies.
Total.
1807-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-76
1876-'77
-
-
•
-
-
$1,593
$280
$763
488
$30 $1, 686 $8,348
$170
$8,518
280
728
$180
3,500
-
200
2,320
1, 600
489
$72
72
1,975
1,650
138
23
2,800
208
208
1877-'78
308
1878-79
13, 649
13, 649
260
24
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
1867-'68 .
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
$5, 811 $1, 110
16, 148
$6, 921
16, 168
$3, 391
$3,391
$48, 154
49, 718
$190-
1,000
1872-'73.
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-77
1877-'78
-
7, 143
121
$5, 736
858
$60
190
1,000
7, 143
121
6, 654
63, 645
33, 018
38, 876
66, b98
$200
14, 251
$210
54, 730
9, 231
9, 201
1, 100
31, 400
9, 397
¹10, 897
2,282
655
75,600
3,957
270
36
1878-'79
4, 263
132
58, 022
1,005
1, 337
360
72, 633

Years.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
$242
833
$1,000
$612,693 $3, 102
t
$615, 795
490,248
490, 248
291,667
5, 984
1870-'71
297, 651
635
231
$773
$53
100,598
610
1871-'72.
390
100 4, 400
101, 208
117 $10, 095
1872-'73
40,999
51, 094
951
540
245
449
1873-'74
3,276
182,762
200
32
$612
186, 850
572
1874-'75
44,841
3, 150
903
2, 490
47, 991
25, 194
25,194
1875-'76
1,230
$125
272
51, 618
102
1876-'77
64,396
2,580
1877-'78
1878-'79
2, 973
3, 060
362223, 800
55
64, 396
100
93, 640
80,681
7, 132
181, 453
639 5, 337
54,331
2, 552
62, 220
7,400
438
17,169
86
17, 255
British Columbia, 1878-'79, $200.
¹ Including $400 to Nova Scotia, &c.
2 To Portugal, $11,000.
270
EXPORTATION OF BOX-SHOOKS.
(b.) Exportation of Box-Shooks, by Countries, &c.-Continued.

General Summary by Coasts and
Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Years.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
$4, 283
$167
$48, 154
$48, 154
$685
49, 718
+
1870-'71
575
1, 045
49, 718
630
63, 645
63, 645
1871-'72
390
33, 018
600
33, 018
1872-'73
22
38, 876
1873-'74
1, 413 $2, 189
38, 876
66, 698
66, 698
1874-'75
14, 251
$680
50
14, 251
1875-'76
$50
54, 730 $5, 763
60
$200
85, 884
1876-'77
1, 684
31,400
210
48
160
31, 610
1877-'78
60
127
75, 600
12, 100
676
354
182, 017
1878-'79..
58,022
540
406
63, 359
72, 633
360
72,993
Years.
Africa.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Asia, Australasia, &c.
Atlantic Isl❜ds (Span-
ish and Portuguese).
1667-'68...
1868-'69.
$624, 997 | $6, 986
$4, 853
$6,986
504, 396
1869-'70...
447 $1,000
5, 981
1, 447
$30
$1,005
299, 337
$20
1,063
$680, 137
$685 | 558, 507
1870-'71.
1, 063
833
818
53
$773
190
102, 208
9,148
1, 325
374, 246
411
1871-'72.
1, 736
635
2, 028
390
117
4, 400
138, 813
48, 142
1, 328
1872-'73.
3,600
4, 928
390
664
449
245
182, 962
3,755
113, 448
1873-74..
2,996
2, 140
5, 895
951
47, 991
489
572
1874-'75.....
1, 061
32
1,715
60
29, 011
3, 026
1875-'76....
2,490
5, 516
903
125
102
73, 627
60
1876-'77...
60
272
1,939
12, 800
99, 992
1877-'78...
2,030
3, 162
5, 192
2, 603
675
74, 489
751
55
806
1878-79.
3, 281
513 7,400
18, 260
946
946
3, 320
334
2,801 263, 277
63, 857
471, 942
105, 796
208 | 305, 201
142, 610
24 103, 788
1 Excepting France and Spain.
2 Including France and Spain, not included in preceding columns
3 Including British Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
Dutch East Indies, $1,000 in 1877-'78; $75 in 1878-'79.
Japan, $839 in 1876–77.
San Domingo, $490 in 1877-'78.
Sweden and Norway, $21 in 1877–’78.
?
EXPORTATION OF BOX-SHOOKS.
271
Years.
1863-'64...
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Box-Shools, by Districts, 1863-64 to 1878-79.
[Values.]

Frenchman's
Bay.
Belfast.
Wiscasset.
Bath.
Bangor.
1864-'65....
$16, 382
1866-'67.
$50, 178
$608, 254
$715, 769
53, 412
1867-'68.
6, 245
$43, 908 1, 180, 930
$18, 339
1, 291, 398
$12, 892
502, 559
9, 733
1868-'69...
8, 118
646, 903
36, 035
48, 154
31, 836
446, 634
1869-'70...
13, 499
29, 806
518, 674
11, 200
49, 718
12, 692
295, 211
1870-'71.
4, 422
423, 547
43, 671
7,574
65, 331
594, 638
728, 308
1871-'72.
13, 504
800
33, 246
1872-'73..
28, 291
47, 550
1, 959
12, 948
43, 276
1873-'74.
28, 273
53, 519
9, 199
70, 586
·
6, 508
120, 073
241, 079
1874-'75.
·
1875-'76.
1876-'77..
1877-'78.
1878-79....
27, 238
4, 680
14, 251
5,887
52, 677
47, 473
11, 459
54, 730
4,669
304, 421
423, 970
21, 400
5, 200
31, 702
32,975
95, 746
24, 375
88, 400
52, 572
60, 526
78,208
65, 821
8, 344
126, 347
93, 637
Pennsyl-
vania.
Mary-
land.
North
Carolina.
Louisi-
ana.
Califor-
nia.
Boston.
1863-'64..
$42, 739
$3,066
$16, 951
1864-'65.
$17
27, 673
1866-'67
6, 601
600
13, 209
13, 730
4, 056
1807-'68...
$5,056
$8,750
37, 044
2,087
12, 885
1868-'69..
71, 139
8, 294
14
16, 793
280
2, 151
1869-'70.
73,060
30, 397
18, 04
11, 384
$242
575
1870-'71.
38, 674
21, 826
701
3,273
1871-'72..
1,045
42, 873
125
3,093
651
32, 942
600
1872-'73.
2, 640
290
7,826
257
5, 693
1873-'74.
1, 213
11
6, 025
30
6, 951
489
1,400
1874-75...
3,507
232
45, 629
1875-'76.
2,257
26
9, 774
60
1870-'77.
272
1877-'78.
1878-'79...
136, 310
270
11, 932
932
1, 362
3, 492
135
3, 283
540
1, 615
2, 957
Passamaquoddy, Me., $68 in 1866-'67; $53,388 in 1866-'67.
Castine, e., $3,477 in 1868-'69.
Other ports of Maine besides Portland, $107,515 in 1863-'64; $7,075 (Wiscasset) in 1878-'79.
New Bedford, Mass., $1,321 in 1864-'65; $1,900 in 1878-'79.
Salem, Mass., $685 in 1868–'69; $368 in 1869–’70.
New Haven, Conn., $7,575 in 1866-'67.
New London, Conn., $86 in 1878-'79.
Baltimore, $1 in 1877-'78.
Richmond, Va., $133 in 1868-'69.
Pamlico, N. O., $21,430 in 1870-'71; $16 in 1878–79.
Saint John's, Fla., $150 in 1878-'79.
Key West, Fla., $100 in 1872–73; $4 in 1875-'76; $543 in 1878-'79.
Brazos de Santiago, Tex., $332 in 1869-'70; $40 in 1870-'71; $52 in 1876-'77; $40 in 1877-'78; $60 in 1878-'79.
Chicago, Ill., $20 in 1868-'69.
Willamette, $502 in 1877-'78.
Portland.
Total Maine.
272
EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING.
Austria, $150 in 1878-'79.
Years.
England.
Great Britain.
Years.
Years.
Argentine Republic.
Belgium.
3.-OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING. EXPORTATION 1868-'69 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Exportation, by Foreign Countries, from 1868-69 to 1878-79.
[Values.]


Brazil.
Central American States.
Chili.
China.
Danish West Indies.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71.
-
$50, 393
$71, 137
$51, 609
-
39, 934
30, 597
77, 270
$208 $32, 110 $5, 333 $31, 235
126
21, 802
$390, 310 $108, 802
|
979
2,963
13, 450
36, 568
42, 165
214, 521
374
126, 214
9, 692
1871-'72
165
-
39, 458
20, 525
50, 035
119, 217
36, 645
1, 012
126, 357
1872-'73
10, 832
60
-
67, 223
25, 859
69, 055
180, 640
54, 589
90
182, 615
1873-174
1874-'75.
12, 715
-
1, 968
10,979
52, 773
201, 826
25, 613
2, 119
616
16, 582
23, 966 10, 073
$65, 825
4, 231
319, 620
11, 791
1875-'76
1,000
11, 037
88, 294
165
31, 275
36, 434
311, 668
5,932
1, 514
1876-'77 ..
5, 969
149, 175
600
12, 964
14, 263
358, 503
1,31
320
1877-'78..
5,726
126, 162
350
39, 460
7,537
142, 078
12, 683
1878-'79
3,052
6, 357
129, 166
3, 627
15, 464
24, 744
10, 358
160, 390
542
3, 494
260
20, 189
124, 939
217, 340
175, 075
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Germany.
1268-'69
1869-'70.
$3,496 | $402, 608
$402, 608
$792, 918
401
341, 136
555, 657
1870-'71.
$20, 801
14, 922
$40, 148
10, 089
$850
712
246, 286
365, 503
$61, 799
25, 011
1871-'72
150
$35, 040
363, 405
544, 045
35, 040
1872-'73
794 268, 445
470, 271
180, 640
1873-'74.
915
408, 829
728, 449
32, 619
1874-75
$4, 650
20
153, 845
465, 513
61, 750
1875-'76.
568
121, 730
485, 233
36, 119
1876-'77
1, 061
130, 227
272,305
70, 039
1877-'78.
2,000
126, 939
287, 329
114, 923
1878-'79.
98
175, 173
392, 513
55, 608
48, 857
Scotland.
Ireland.
}
Total Great
Britain.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
$177, 609
133, 891
$44,865 | $5, 198❘ $227, 672
$28, 788
$24, 221
28, 658
$5, 764
365
162, 914
1870-'71.
31, 269
161, 414
8, 615
11, 176
7,000
5, 489
178, 079
1871-'72.
70, 270
318, 590
65, 073
13, 092
3, 173
7,432
359, 114
1872-'73
39, 948
411, 497
88, 606
37, 056
5,387
13, 875
462, 428
64, 759
1873-'74.
365, 953
52, 688
2, 815
421, 456
1874-'75
103, 785
245, 485
26, 996
835
273, 316
14, 565
1875-'76.
318, 391
43, 988
14, 509
1876-'77...
376, 888
2, 365
376, 218
43, 809
37, 169
457, 196
1877-'78
12, 860
329, 599
71, 770 | 39,
39, 353
440, 722
1878-'79.
103, 752
262, 026
52,095
2,220
316, 341
24, 544
Gibraltar.
Canada.
British Colonies.
ish North
America.
All other Brit-
149, 483
88, 384
$268, 896
276, 177
$5,075
13, 518
175
488
283, 534
215
272, 691
1,758
97, 742
240
Quebec, Onta-
rio, &c.
New Bruns-
Nova Scotia,
wick, &c.
Franco.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.

in
French Pos-
sessions
America.
French West
Indies
Guiana.
and



EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING.
273
(a.) Exportation, by Foreign Countries, from 1868-69 to 1878-79-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.


Years.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
.
$512, 883
268, 451
$49, 315
51, 542
$12, 994
1,028
372, 280
1871-'72.
34, 318
7, 203
404, 190
$1,050
1872-'13.
1873-'74.
$930
1, 940
45, 512
4,373
239, 865
$85, 593
$2,450
$300
80, 982
281, 745
7,246
600
109, 800
1874-'75.
420
44, 644
$77
369, 661
5, 009
191, 657
1875-'76.
2, 145
36
43, 490
5,839
339, 910
72
127, 010
1870-'77
800
2,565
55, 125
87
5, 187
228, 374
147, 305
1877-'78.....
318
40, 193
298, 773
7,202
148, 120
1878-'79..
1,600
420
380
44, 217
207, 456
4,354
83, 719
427
58,425
6, 277
Great Britain and
Holland
British Colonies.
and Dutch
West Indies.

Years.
British
Colonies.
Moxico.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$633, 965
$861, 637
347, 901
$32, 332 $12, 765 $45, 097
510, 815 | $2, 396
$59, 117
$8, 274
1870-'71
53, 133
$6, 819
12, 146
65, 279
P
493, 367
671, 446
40, 042
6, 633
6, 680
1871-'72
51, 674
6, 760
10, 738
·
588, 016
62, 412
947, 130
35, 920
$2,607
4,325
1872-'73
1873-'74
37, 359
3, 034
9, 761
·
1874-'75
756, G16 1, 219, 124
836, 618 1, 258,
777, 584 1,050, 900
47, 120
101, 599
1,782
258, 074
1, 839
2,253
1, 492
64, 592
13, 338
77, 930
106, 272
4,887
3, 040
37, 379 |
13, 857 | 51, 236
86, 839
18
17,419
1875-'76
60, 917
619, 305
996, 193
14, 488 | 75, 405
70, 128
55
10, 528
1876-'77
46, 615
12, 065
722, 395 1, 179, 591
12, 065 | 58, 680
102, 105
312
1877-'78
32, 731
15, 690
18, 863
1878-'79
478, 783
875, 930 1,316, 652
795, 124
51, 594
83, 716
245
179 43, 967
12, 759
48, 398
8, 697 | 27, 564
94 | 48, 492
44, 110
90,613
309
5,105
4, 142
18 FOR
'Before 1873-'74 this heading was "Australia, Now Zealand, &c.
274
EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Years.
Peru.
Portugal.
Azores, Madeira,
Cape Verde, &c.
(a.) Exportation, by Foreign Countries, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79—Continued.

Portugal and Portuguese
Possessions.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.

Total.
Russia (Baltic).
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
1868-'69
$103, 920 $116, 845
$3,
119 $119, 962 $250
1869-'70
-
20, 893
69, 193
2, 095
71, 288
1870-'71
67, 390
691, 814
28, 800
151, 567
8, 941
160, 508
419
46,763
1871-'72
635, 528
40, 031
112, 850
10, 657
$37, 666 $1, 027, 061
$2, 265, 997 $433, 489
2,359, 131 456, 330
131456,
2,077, 147
2,077, 147
596, 797
123, 507
$2, 385
17, 073
1872-'73
786, 185
6, 894
201, 704
2, 014, 123
17, 598
219, 302
371, 759
$50
1873-'74
44, 618
1, 524, 980
11, 995
339, 062
8, 632
2,056, 337 | 280,
280, 953
347, 694
189
25, 642
1874-'75
1,363, 949
-
34, 135
165, 133
2, 385, 429
16, 536
259, 901
181, 669
867
23, 607
1875-'76
664, 287
664, 287
-
13, 604
187, 080
13, 160
355, 525
200, 240
305
2,924
1876-'77
17, 639
·
10, 945
173, 624
7, 554
359, 522 | 1,713, 574 | 199, 003
181, 178
203
2, 070
25, 080
1877-'78
443, 717
12, 850
113, 803
3,956
117, 759
401
3,599
32, 328
1878-'79
7,320
369, 632 |
133, 462 | 27, 436 | 160, 898
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
491
8, 850
12, 018
383, 287
1,373, 674 | 156, 673
1, 204, 644 | 166, 381
1, 453, 537
1, 453, 537 | 175, 806
Turkey in Asia, $3,600 in 1875-'76.
Turkey in Europe, $673 in 1873-'74, and $825 in 1874-75.
"Other ports in South America," $2,103 in 1872-'73; $600 in 1877-'78.
Other countries in Asia, $700 in 1873–74.
1868-'69
1869--'70
$3,997
1870--'71
1871-'72
255
1872--'73
$968
1873-'74
7,765
1874-75
1,038
$2,699, 486
2, 819, 458
2,673, 944
2,388, 882
2, 338, 258
2,653, 095
1, 020, 850
$3,726, 547
3, 511, 272
3, 309, 472
3, 175, 067
3, 863, 238
4, 017, 039
$5, 101 $20, 582 $4, 173
1, 071
17, 256 | 4, 227
2, 331
10, 246
9, 463
1, 156 2,301
7,345 | 2,709
12, 351
$10,
379
1, 305
3, 876
5, 040
$5,
782, 414
4,897, 733
4, 822, 705
5, 003, 551
3, 570
6, 091, 771
3, 97816, 710
2,426 $3,224
6, 456, 391
1,685, 137
1875-'76..
2,740
7, 679
2,712 | 2,768
2,768
1,920, 256
2, 279, 778
180 5, 239, 329
5,737
1870-'77
2, 983
3,802
2,039
1, 533, 330
1,977, 047
1877-'78
1,586
60 2,893
9, 355
1, 094
1, 380, 380
4,322, 252
3, 948, 739
1, 750, 012
6, 050
1878-'79.
1,863
2, 389
9, 605
1, 631, 206
2, 014, 493
3, 778, 196
3, 400
5,689 1,896
1, 896
3, 704
3,666, 652
Sweden and Norway, $185 in 1874-75.
Japan, $15 in 1870-'71; $1,708 in 1877-'78; $111 in 1878-'79.
Asiatic Russia, $2,412 in 1876-'77.
Dutch East Indies, $1,875 in 1877-78.
Dutch Guiana, $4,368 in 1878-79.
All other countries in Af-
rica.
All other countries and
ports.
General total.
Spain.
Cuba.
Spanish Colonies.
Porto Rico.

EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING.
275
Years.
Bangor.
Belfast.
Wiscasset.
Years.
1868-'69...
1869-'70...
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
•
1874-'75.
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
West Indies.3
Atlantic Ports.
Years.
Mediterranean Ports.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Europe.
Atlantic Ports.¹
Continental Ports on
Baltic and North
Seas.
Total.2
Africa.
$59, 117
$344, 545
40, 042
232, 138
$169, 666 $1, 990, 699
118,830
$57, 589
$55, 993
1,297, 345
35, 920
58,222
329, 716
69, 397
123, 282
1, 243, 663
101, 599
38, 643
54, 146
452, 003
238, 524
1,758, 951
106, 272
47, 294
664, 196
21, 506
166, 266
2, 663, 540
87, 512
85, 869
760, 621
54, 314
151, 902
$18, 566
2, 683, 604
70, 953
47, 880
438, 595
41, 024
113, 803
16, 397
1,599, 306
105, 705
46, 258
566, 333
32, 291
153, 393
17, 574
83, 716
1, 543, 456
65, 155
643, 680
23, 626
160, 881
13, 160
1, 474, 072
44, 110
44, 042
658, 277
34, 694
139, 436
10, 537
1,371, 645
90, 763
55, 822
474, 347
42, 285
122, 490 |
13, 311
1, 288, 227
62,
438
18,
666
29, 299
Pacific Ports.
South America.
1868-'69..
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
$3, 256, 369
3, 111, 803
3, 113, 630
$132, 258 $136, 030 | $268, 288
139, 758
42, 695
182, 453
1871-'72.
50, 916
38, 498
89, 414
2, 831, 077
$15, 027
6, 886
3, 408
1872-'73.
96, 403
50, 863
$40, 364 $115, 417
16, 920 | 132, 707
72, 122
137, 060
147, 266
2,670, 755
2,504
1873-'74.
232, 789
98, 933
193, 422
19, 609
252, 398
3, 035, 296
3, 130
1874-75.
160, 495
274, 901
1, 394
23, 031
183,526
1, 587, 531
19, 538
1875-'76.
212, 284
291, 635
915
45, 172
257, 456
2, 407, 956
11, 528
1876-'77.
142, 646
154, 985
2, 195
19, 573
162, 219
1, 916, 357
17, 204
88,908
1877-'78
151, 382
568
10, 945
162, 327
1,822, 176
13, 079
1878-79..
219, 592
286, 461
1, 443
19, 207
239, 399
2, 041, 007
8, 157
113, 057
274, 767
427
10, 814
123, 871
4, 684
98, 460
1 Except France and Spain.
2 Including France and Spain, which are not embraced in the three preceding columns.
3 Including Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
(b.) Exportation of "other Shooks, Staves, and Heading,” by Districts, 1868–69 to 1878–79.
Maine.
[Values.]
Massachusetts.
Bath.
Portland.
1868-'69..
1869-'70..
1870-'71.. 21, 595
1871-'72.. 14, 217
$20, 602
24, 623
$793
$391, 724
$422, 119
$956
594, 676
$463, 441
619, 299
$4, 466
71
744, 989
358, 907
771, 050
1872-'73.. 18, 668
1873-'74..
4, 541
1874-'75..
950
1875-'70..
162
1870-'77..
528
1877-'78..
1878-'79..
5,980
$88
138
36, 984
607, 393
369, 933
658, 682
365
52, 303
513, 097
335, 405
584, 068
779
34, 817
733, 481
578, 918
772, 839
327
44, 373
751, 237
582, 869
796, 560
36, 715
75
879, 437
438, 012
916, 314
11, 259
$3,321
306, 017
743, 584
755, 371
334
706, 748
324, 730
706, 748
174
029, 270
269, 264
935, 250
251, 823
Total Maine.
Newburyport.
erly.
Salem and Bev.
Boston.
Total.
Mexico and Central
America.
Other North American
Ports and Islands.
Uncertain,
Asia, Australasia, &c.
Atlantic Islands, Spanish
and Portuguese.




276
EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING.
Years.
Georgetown.
Years.
Alexandria.
Norfolk and
Portsmouth.
Richmond.
Years.
(b.) Exportation of "other Shooks, Staves, and Heading," &c.—Continued.

Massachusetts. R. I.
Connecticut.
New York.
Pa.
Md.
Total Connecti-
cut.
1868-'69..
$7,800
$472, 197
1869-'70..
$11, 376
3, 821
$27, 292
362, 799
1870-'71..
16, 843
12, 560
551
370, 622
$38, 668
29, 403
$2, 580, 740
$729, 828
$820, 100
2, 154, 747
600, 797
14, 330
1871-'72..
280
28, 835
664, 200
43, 165
336, 050
L, 646, 013
662, 144
12, 811
1872-73..
29, 944
588, 620
42,755
579, 697
464, 513
524, 187
6, 797
645, 167
1873-'74..
29, 836
36, 633
583, 196
2, 645, 019
467, 706
11, 358
555, 191
1874-75..
18,785
30, 143
438, 087
2,477, 644
525, 058
1875-'70..
23, 679
606, 232
22, 438
46, 117
309, 338
1, 591, 531
751, 237
$299
10, 225
780, 953
1876-77..
7,908
18, 133
325, 064
1, 354, 582
323, 018
1877-'78..
15, 340
382, 549
13, 190
45
28, 530
269, 483
1, 333, 949
320, 999
14, 024
186, 200
1878-'79..
1, 457
6, 762
253, 280
20, 786
1, 268, 409
8, 529
278, 667
139, 216
6,740
15, 269
1, 102, 696
312, 286
174, 811
Virginia.
North Carolina.
Total.
Albemarle.
1868-'09..
$352, 271
1869-'70..
184, 274
$850 $353, 121
184, 274
$132
$110
$650
$1, 192
1870-'71..
4, 940
240, 306
240, 306
1871-'72..
60
60
5,000
411, 172
60
411, 172
1872-'73.. $16, 282
395, 788
1, 640
413, 710
1873-'74..
281
526
281
307, 632
526
2, 610
310, 242
1874-75..
126
422, 739
126
25, 249
447, 988
1875-'76..
4,835
5, 239
361, 120
10, 006
4,835
371, 126
1876-'77..
5,981
298, 231
6, 342
304, 573
1877-'78..
5, 506
$3,832
941
357, 011
5, 828
362, 839
1878-'79..
3,293
3,040
256, 310
7,300
263, 610
74
5,984
7, 754
200
6, 181
10, 279
6,333
13, 812
South Carolina.
Georgia.
Florida.
1868-'69.,
$930
$720
$1,650
$357
1869-'70..
$560
$970
$650
$650
1, 906
$800
1870-'71..
5, 740
600
600
1, 462
1871-'72..
$200
200
2,180
2, 180
13,766
281
1872-'73..
500
500
5, 285
5, 285
76, 854
300
3,700
1873-'74..
1, 947
4,526
486
486
10, 417
$415 12, 779
35, 326
126
88
1874-75..
940
7,498
1, 028
7,498
6, 540
1875-76..
4,835
•
6, 294
2, 179
2, 179
6, 294
1, 642
5, 981
1876-'77..
1877-'78..
1878-79..
•
9, 230
9, 230
993
5, 506
7,310
7,310
25
25
150
1, 138
1,288
29, 591
5, 434 35, 025
1, 992
1,992
75
3,858
14, 698
Delaware, $2,321 in 1877-'78.
Including $765 for Apalachicola, Fla.
Total
Pamlico.
Beaufort.
Wilmington.
Total.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.


EXPORTATION OF OTHER SHOOKS, STAVES, AND HEADING. 277
f
(b.) Exportation of “other Shooks, Staves, and Heading,” &c.—Continued.
Years.
Ala.
Miss.
La.
Texas.
Cal.
Oregon.

1868-'69..
1869-'70..
$14,741
6, 549
$315, 252
$5,185
$5, 185
248, 713
$4,801
1870-'71..
4, 010
$1, 103
1, 103
269, 766
1871-'72..
6, 082
464, 513
1872-¹73..
6, 515
1873-'74..
447, 857
8, 111
9, 512
7,005
$326
223
10, 073
950
2,078
803, 110
1874-'75..
94
6, 495
94
$1,715
10, 848
575, 835
3, 018
1875-'76..
11, 367
2,920
6, 911
515, 294
2, 141
1876-'77..
465
450
6, 738
920
1,658
5, 913
374, 061
2, 359
1877-'78..
250
$100
760
17,494
11, 085
7,960
9, 558
392, 415
3, 582
40
1878-'79..
293
447
13, 675
740
2, 384
12, 541
431, 630
4,360
1, 386
6, 221
175
1, 561
3, 205
2, 525
1, 201


Wash.
Alaska.
Northern Frontier.

Years.
1868-'69.
$125
1869-'70..
1870-'71.
1871-'72..
$280
1872-'73..
1873-'74..
90
1874-'75..
1875-'76..
285
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-79..
Years.
$200
$5, 700
2, 115
$8, 623
200
$3,290
1,700
16, 650
31, 575
1, 466
56, 527
$4, 123
26, 867
174, 555
34, 650
261,485
40, 756
10, 740
€8, 971
16, 595
50, 890
850
44, 893
$150
$4, 430
201, 448
35, 100
32, 414
255, 662
8, 290
21, 200
93, 802
7,969
640
2,050
General summary by Coasts and Frontier.
1868-'09
1869-'70
1870-'71
$932, 984
1, 011, 501
$4, 483, 789 $3,759
3,604, 108
1871-'72
1, 184, 837
3, 137, 083
7,706
1, 522
$335, 828
256, 965
$4,926
8, 111
$14, 613
4, 015
•
273, 976
1872-'73
1873-'74
1,037, 487
1, 200, 398
9, 848
2, 045, 577
53, 808
16, 227
471, 095
7,508
4, 081, 626
86, 065
83, 394
454, 858
1874-'75
1, 386, 178
3,028
3, 919, 176
249, 961
48, 231
814, 305
1875-'76
1, 280, 764
13, 956
3, 571, 709
272, 225
18, 873
580, 224
1870-'77
1,244, 084
9, 052
2, 431, 275
130, 459
14, 122
519, 134
1877-'78
1, 108, 465
8, 657
2, 144, 721
88,584
20, 502
376, 804
1878-'79
997, 017
13, 180
2, 049, 131
257, 748
13, 669
419, 897
1, 203, 805
23, 122
1,853, 403
50, 829
273, 721
453, 948
6, 931
97, 742
¹Including $15 for Corpus Christi, Tex.
Detroit, $770 in 1877-'78; $1,250 in 1878–’79.
278
EXPORTATION OF SHOOKS, HOOPS, ETC.
4. "SHOOKS" (NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED), Exportation by DISTRICTS, 1863–64 TO
EXPORTATION BY
Districts.
1864-'65.
(Quantities and values.)

1863-'64.
1864-'65.
Number.
Value.
Number.
Value.
Bangor, Me
Portland, Me.
7, 668
$5,753
Other ports of Maine besides Portland.
237, 241
$423, 143
173, 414
373, 305
Boston, Mass..
16, 132
7, 951
Other ports of Massachusetts....
153, 435
273, 836
198, 516
330, 920
Providence, R. I..
1, 954
2, 895
1,704
Bristol, R. I
3, 660
92
100
Newport, R. I
New London, Conn.
New Haven, Conn.
Ports of Connecticut..
New York, N. Y
Philadelphia, Pa
Baltimore, Md.
-
San Francisco, Cal
Puget Sound..
30, 592
67, 484
15, 531
7, 217
35
35
4, 606
11, 670
23, 415
60, 998
30, 592
67, 484
378, 112
630, 963
432, 630
886, 871
78, 603
108, 322
45, 952
121, 545
219, 636
.
67, 976
128, 147
291, 935
22
25
26
19
220
265
Total
1, 049, 932
1, 805, 399
1,030,252
2,037, 264
5. EXPORTATION OF HOOPS AND HOOP-POLES, ETC.
(a.) Quantities (thousands) exported from 1789-'90 to 1819-'20.

Years.
Thousands. Years. Thousands. Years.
Thousands.
Years. Thousands.
1789-'90
1, 908
1797-'98
2, 328
1805-'06
1790-'91
6, 239
1813-'14
1, 426
1798-'99....
1,064
2, 914
1806-'07
1791-'92
3, 621
1814-'15...
2, 563
1799-1800...
2, 120
3,733
1807-'08...
1792-'93
2, 186
1815-'16
2, 309
+
1800-'01
3,732
3, 554
1808-'09 ....
1793-'94 ....
2, 641
3, 419
1816-'17
1801-'02
3, 832
2,975
1809-'10 ....
1794-'95...
3,250
1817-'18
3, 424
1802-'03
2,905
3, 501
1810-'11 ...
1795-'96
2,240
1818-'19
·
3, 711
1803-'04...
3,086
4, 228
1796-'97
3, 956
1804-'05
5, 523
1811-'12 ..
1812-'13
2,392
1819-'20.
2,503
1,888
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
(b.) Hoops.
17, 219 M.
15, 615 M.
421, 563 bundles.
$474, 783
778, 171
(c.) Hoops and hoop-poles.
1805-'66
1866-'67
(d.) Barrel and hogshead shooks.
Years.
-
1863-'64...
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
·
12, 231 M.
16, 930 M.
$659, 530
821, 999
Number.
Value.
1,019, 340
1,030, 289
$1,737, 915
2,037, 064
2, 174, 051
2, 778, 277
3, 393, 884
EXPORTATION OF HOOPS AND HOOP-POLES.
279
(e.) Exportation of Hoops and Hoop-poles, by Districts, 1863–64 to 1867–268.
(Quantities and values.)
Hoops.
1864-'65.
Hoops and Hoop-poles.

Districts.
1863-'64.
1866-'67.
1867-'68.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
Belfast, Me.
6
$168
6
$156
Machias, Me.
Portland, Me
1, 941
$66, 545
11
2, 831
$770
125, 722
2, 188
104, 883
2,569
117, 508
Boston and Charlestown,
Mass
1, 477
28, 510
1, 199
54, 747
934
46,536
1, 134
56, 458
Fall River, Mass . . .
145
4, 077
74
2,007
152
4,.010
New Bedford, Mass
20
600
Providence, K. I..
90
3,000
42
1,050
Bristol and Warren, R. I
570
19, 067
354
11, 577
248
8, 024
Newport, R. I..
194
7, 388
90
2, 898
108
3, 441
Ports of Rhode Island
-
1, 017
25, 249
New London, Conn.
69
2,130
43
893
70
New Haven, Conn
Fairfield, Conn..
Ports of Connecticut.
New York, N. Y
787
24,988
733
25, 254
748
2,600
26, 981
6
285
905
18, 641
4, 931
178, 479
5, 235
253, 805
3,378
192, 039
4, 762
Philadelphia, Pa
220, 125
-
3,751
148, 816
4,333
275, 250
3,837
241, 326
Delaware
4, 841
283, 057
24
1,017
Baltimore, Md.
158
8, 118
79
4, 797
480
27, 896
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va
1,708
94, 209
50
2, 159
10
450
Wilmington, N. C
9
125
Georgetown, S. C.
4
74
Saint John's, Fla.
5
255
Key West, Fla…………
8
85
New Orleans, La.
San Francisco, Cal ..
13
35
55
744
10
385
35
1,095
28
813
Detroit, Mich
519
Genesee, N. Y
3, 168
2
1 Bundles.
In 1863-'64 the quantities were also reported by bundles. Of these there were, from Portland, 67,050;
from Boston, 48,510; from Rhode Island, 35,734; from ports of Connecticut, 29.454; from New York,
108,511; from Philadelphia, 124,861; from Baltimore, 6,295; and from San Francisco, 4,150.
6. EXPORTATION OF HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPII, AND OTHER POLES, FROM 1868-69 TO
1878-79. (Values.)
(a.) By Foreign Countries.

Years.
France and French
Colonies.
1868-'69
1869-'70...
$100
$35
$750
1, 160
1870-'71
1871-'72
20
12,775
$110
$343
$30
9,466
5, 250
440
6, 477
1872-'73
10
12, 145
20
5, 483
1873-'74.
$200
5, 726
150
180
3, 334
1874-'75
$150
2,357
2,309
150
6,980
1875-'76
4,877
8
3, 489
1876-'77
200
1877-'78
734
5,701
4, 048
10, 375
5,849
1878-79..
1,300
44
380
779
14
5,375
280
EXPORTATION OF HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPH AND OTHER POLES.
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.
France and French
Colonies.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$192
$15
$110
$1,732
1870-'71
$35
123
$30
1871-'72
$472
33
40
385
1110
1872-'73
200
4, 279
1873-'74
45
2, 459
1,535
560
25
1874-'75
59
$75
1, 625
75
150
·
150
1875-'76
50
200
1, 082
10
620
400
14
1876-'77
17
10, 375
579
15
689
350
1877-'78
1, 344
1,372
861
315
1878-'79
8, 860
3, 275
160
3,083
10
3, 815

Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Dutch Colonies.
Total.
1868-'69
1869-'70.
$1,747
158
$3,110
1870-'71
$1, 023
2,388
$3, 110
2,388
1871-'72
1,983
$1,288
727
$948
•
1872-'73
4, 279
1, 043
960
$3
1, 675
960
1, 618
1873-'74 ..
3,761
400
2, 109
350
1874-'75
38
93
$227
1875-'76
1, 752
91
1,006
230
893
2, 753
7
1876-'77
38
38
1,006
38
14
69
1877-'78
2, 494
63
38
233
200
1878-'79
4,922
440
660
660
6, 958
Years.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
1868-'69
$116
1869-'70
$299, 124
$35, 948
$96
$1
260
1870-'71
481, 712
$150
43, 507
745
964
1871-'72
616, 115
98, 340
342
472
1872-'73
435, 787
61, 781
31
87
1873-'74
614, 966
480
35, 627
86
15
1874-'75
939, 892
62, 701
88
1875-'76
$7,765
503, 713
38, 364
$80
206
451
3
40
433, 511
1876-'77
23, 012
9
200
1877-'78
375, 564
19, 378
1, 107
13
25
1878-'79
333, 939
21, 425
21
20
409, 291
32, 831
¹Of this, $100 not specified as to Colony.
French West Indies, $8,860 in 1878-79.
Newfoundland and Labrador, $50 in 1878-'79.
Japan, $32 in 1876-'77; $700 in 1878-79.
Netherlands, $410 in 1877-'78.
Peru, $342 in 1873-'79.
San Domingo, $460 in 1878-'79.
A
EXPORTATION OF HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPH AND OTHER POLES. 281
1868-'69
Years.
Years.
Years.
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.

Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
General Summary
by Coasts and
Grand Divisions.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$355, 072
$192
525, 219
1870-'71
714, 455
652
1871-'72
1872-'73
1, 023
.
407, 568
$207
650, 593
116
$9
200
1873-'74
1, 618
$40 1, 002, 503
30
2, 789
1874-'75
33
542, 077
97
178
$198
1875-'76
$198
8, 415
75
·
56
456, 523
29
1876-'77
8, 576
80
394, 942
317
92
704
14
1877-'78
355, 364
1, 193
100
1878-'79
2, 571
233
442, 122
18
3, 243
Asia, Australa-
sia, etc.
Atlantic Islands
(Spanish Ports.)
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
West Indies.
Mexico and Cen-
tral America.
Other North
American Ports.
1868-'69
$116
1869-'70
260
$1
$340, 664
528, 890
$15
$100
1870-'71
$96
143
35
1, 942
726, 321
1, 088
73
1871-'72
20
$100
35
20
472
342
510, 327
1872-'73
5,250
10
13, 423
87
656, 636
13, 423
51
1873-'74
1, 580
13, 273
55 1, 007, 940
13, 273
236
234
1874-'75
6, 336
227
6, 326
33
551, 236
88
1875-'76
200
3,073
896
$198
3,271
507
460, 036
214
231
1876-'77
5, 136
301
5, 136
406, 752
9
1877-'78
350
1, 143
225
1, 143
15
365, 641
1878-'79
1, 107
315
7,032
720
21
460, 632
14
60
1, 177
460
7,032
1,637
French man's
Bay.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
$40
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Belfast.
Bangor.
Bath.
(b.) By Districts.
Maine.
Portland and
Falmouth.
Total.
Newburyport.
$247
$91, 720
140, 319
$91, 720
$4,378
140, 566
51
$95
$835
7,025
13, 119
158, 011
158, 897
41, 792
56, 085
63, 205
42
120
120
33, 457
98, 640
98, 922
2, 136
25, 130
132, 424
134, 560
2,036
28, 929
38,788
30, 965
82
253
2, 170
$80
36, 255
43, 570
45, 862
172
1,087
13, 785
30, 563
21, 903
12
18, 130
35, 758
35, 776
15
58,314
58, 329
20, 629
17, 375
ગ્
Massachusetts.
Boston.
South America.
Atlantic
Ports.
Pacific
Ports.
Total.


282 EXPORTATION OF HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPH AND OTHER POLES.
Years.
Virginia.
Years.
Total.
Years.
Fall River.
(b.) By Districts—Continued.

Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.

Total.
Providence.
Newport.
Bristol and
Warren.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
$3,020
$7,398
$2, 112
$1,485
1, 350
$1, 754
14, 469
$5, 351
3, 774
4, 453
10, 888
46, 245
14, 662
1871-'72
4, 475
$2,067
7,378
$17, 501
1,952
·
1,400
8, 819
34, 857
15, 246
7, 143
1872-'73
2,221
12, 206
21, 161
1, 072
2, 468
5, 761
25, 130
5, 019
325
16,776
1873-'74
1, 234
3, 158
4,717
38, 788
2,185
17, 880
1874-'75
690
1,875
4,750
36, 335
540
1875-'76
1,016
13, 413
232
1,556
14, 189
789
6,573
1870-'77
448
18, 578
789
231
3,040
1877-'78
160
391
400
21, 174
275
3, 355
1878-'79
275
943
18, 331
928
3,285
928
1, 488
Machias, $6 in 1876-'77.
Gloucester, $132 in 1877-'78.
New Bedford, $13 in 1877-'78; $21 in 1878-'79.
1
Connecti- New Pennsyl- Dela-
Mary-
cut.
York. vania.
ware.
land.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Delaware.
1868-'69
$19,568
1869-'70
19, 584
1870-'71
$121, 361
228, 073
28, 304
$78, 420
1871-'72
299, 009
$3,500
21, 795
134, 652
1872-'73
183, 385
17,880
$60, 803
90, 681
99, 167
88,727
194, 778
1873-'74
231, 491
$800
93, 581
13, 413
278, 566
1874-'75
389, 040
6, 573
158, 266
131, 542
204, 523
1875-'76
131, 813
3, 040
119, 145
222, 253
1876-'77
3, 350
55, 932
101, 514
$5,000
1877-'78
179, 598
41, 972
3,285
104, 776
8, 820
155, 827
1878-'79.
26, 490
1, 488
45, 756
220, 023
68, 587
12, 110
$7,060
9, 592
24, 670
29, 130
39, 970
5
214
Total.
1868-'69
$100
1869-'70
1870-'71
·
1871-'72
$800
$10
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
7,060
1875-'76
14, 592
1876-'77
33, 490
1877-'78
29, 135
1878-'79
52, 294
Perth Amboy, N. J., $435 in 1878–’79.
Pamlico.
•
$850
Beaufort.
North Carolina.
Wilmington.
10
$73
73
Total.
$950
$405
Savannah.
South Carolina.
Brunswick.
$450
$150
150
Total.
Baltimore.
Alexandria.
Richmond.
Virginia.
Norfolk and
Portsmouth.
Total.
New London.
New Haven.



EXPORTATION OF HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPH AND OTHER POLES. 283
Years.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72...
Years.
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
310
Southern
Atlantic
Coast.
Gulf Coast.
Pacific
Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
•
$35
Michi-
gan.
Years.
Saint John's.
(b.) By Districts—Continued.


Key West.
New Orleans.
Florida.
Louisi-
ana.
Califor-
Minne-
Texas.
nia.
Oregon.
sota.
Galveston.
Brazos de San-
tiago.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
$235
-900
1,818
11, 161
$116
$15
$96
260
745
964
472
1874-'75
$385
$128
330
1875-'76
480
12
3
1876-'77
1, 923
9
32
200
$150
350
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79
65
25
20
Huron.
Buffalo Creek.
$25
$18
Genesee.
Oswego.
New York. (Lake Frontier.)
Summary by Coasts
and Frontiers.
Champlain.
Total
10
Superior, $5 in 1877-'78.
Summary by Coasts and
Frontiers.
Summary by Coasts and
Frontiers.
Years.
New England
Coast.
Middle Atlan-
tic Coast.
$124,
$35
037
189, 281
$182, 164
318, 754
$15
33
248, 686
480, 096
125, 618
407, 564
$45
45
146, 657
519, 850
25
191, 511
825, 872
•
44, 469
474, 938
63,880
411, 922
54, 222
356, 574
60, 510
336, 363
79, 084
387,095
1868-'69
$950
$131
1869-'70
$96
260
$35
1874-75..
1875-'76
$385
$458
$150
507
$3
1870-'71
405
980
964
33
1876-'77
1, 932
232
350
1871-'72
160
900
472
.1877-'78
65
25
310
1872-'73
73
1, 818
45
1878-'79
20
10
1873-'74 ..
11, 161.
25.
San Francisco.]
Oregon.
Minnesota
[Pembina.]


284
EXPORTATION OF BARRELS
OF BARRELS AND HOGSHEADS.
7.-BARRELS AND HOGSHEADS EXPORTED EMPTY FROM 1863-64 TO 1878-79.
(a.) General totals of number and value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
3
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
•
Years.
Number. Value.
88, 649
$145, 565
1871-'72
70, 465
123, 668
1872-'73
A
96, 536
170, 033
1873-'74
104, 358
173, 148
1874-'75
177, 614
288, 047
1875-'76
(Not re-
(Not re-
1876-'77
ported.)
ported.)|| 1877-'78
•
162, 777
277,284
1878-'79 ..
152, 230
292, 561
Years.
Number.
Value.
154, 506
$277, 307
145, 277
267, 195
170, 348
335,777
202, 879
459, 085
152, 228
349, 456
136, 724
255, 911
82, 402
159, 420
148, 604
248, 085
(b.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, by Foreign Countries.

Danish Colonies.
Argentine Re-
public.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Amer-
ican States.
Years.
West Indies. Iceland, and
Greenland,
Faroe Islands.

No. Value. No.
Value. No. Value. No.
Value. No.
Value. No. Value.
1869-'70.
350
$635
432
$1,140
1870-'71
38
$140
22
64 2, 361
6, 053
1871-'72
1, 413
1, 133
1,419
3, 520
1872-'73
50
83
70
140
1873-'74
20 $40 40
$142
20
45
190
875
1874-'75..
15
45
705
2,805
908
3,708
100
$100
1875-'76
20
81
184
695
1876-'77
35
50
155
305
1877-'78
4
20
50
75
410
1,078
1878-'79
30
90
613
1, 168
French Colonies.
Germany.
Years.
West Indies and Possessions in Other Fronch
Guiana. North America.
Total.
Possessions.

No. Value. No. Value.
No. Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1869-'70
50 $200
50
$200
1870-'71
1871-'72
292
945
459
$320
758
1,265
1872-'73.
109
1873-'74
74
$455
280
109
455
100
100
174
380
18
1874-'75
678
2. 419
$36
. 750
3, 550
1, 428
5, 969
1875-'76
•
868 1, 588
3,997
10, 465
73
521
941
2, 109
1876-'77
3, 048
6, 679
582
1, 198
4,872
5, 038
5, 454
1877-'78
6, 236
308
644
156
343
156
343
1878-'79
536
1, 768
536
1,768
362
380
EXPORTATION OF BARRELS AND HOGSHEADS.
285
(b.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.


Years.
England.
British Posses- British West Indies
sions in Africa. and Honduras.
British Guiana.
Newfoundland
and Labrador.
No. Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Value.
1869-'70
2,856
$7,289
1870-'71..
50 $100
8, 179
20, 759
1871-'72.
264
646
300
$225
6, 735
13, 048
1872-'73 ..
250
225
4,828
9,429
1873-'74
3, 200
4,800
3, 604
7,537
1874-'75
4, 035
5, 209
500
187
4, 506
12, 631
449 $1 295
1875-'76
178
475
114
305
4, 043
9, 695
600
4, 413
$240
2, 951
1876-'77
101
450
2, 840
7,618
78
94 16, 191
12, 357
1877-'78.
166
205
1, 416
3, 282
1,240
610
1878-'79 ..
5, 784
7,363
531
915
74
159
700
400
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Years.
Canada.
Nova Scotia
and
New Brunswick
Quebec, Ontario,
Manitoba, &c.
British Colum-
bia.
All other
British North
America.
No. Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Value.
No. Value.
1869-'70.
19, 031
$20, 094
255
1870-'71
11, 391
8, 668
700
1871-'72...
25, 061
30, 145
3, 264
$510
632
2, 917
1872-'73..
713
1873-74.
330
$524
310
18, 848
$19, 848
76
$228
3,320
3, 121
570
1, 160
1874-'75.
5.770
7,842
3,978
3, 403
240
322
1875-'76
7,698
4, 748
4,796
2, 438
68
68
1870-'77
1,050
271
16,823
19, 360
110
99
1877-'78
1, 895
1, 157
1, 414
947
13
1878-'79..
2, 387
1, 408
830
710
456
726
220


Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Years.
Total England and
British Colonies.
Hayti and St.
Domingo.
Hayti.
Holland.
Dutch West In.
dies.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Value.
No. Value.
No. Value.
1869-'70
22, 142
$27, 893
1870-'71..
20, 320
30, 159
482
1871-'72..
35, 624
46, 829
1, 444
$820
2, 694
1
$5
1872-'73
24, 720
30, 254
396
1873-'74.
$1, 195
11, 034
15, 928
245
434
1874-'75.
-
20, 072
31, 129
325
774
25
75
1875-'70.
291
21, 310
20,680
$630
350
400
1876-'77
37, 159
40, 249
8
1877-'78
60
5, 978
6, 016
50
25
1878-79
10, 762
11, 681
500
100
15
30
286
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
(b.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, &c.—Continued.
Russia
Japan.
Liberia.
Mexico.
Peru.
Portugal. (Asiatic).
Years.
No. Value No.
Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. No. Value.
1869-'70
20
$32
1870-'71
585 $2,139
70
$210
81
125
1871-'72
145
515
62
629
219
410
1872-'73
25
97
323
1, 323
361
512
1873-'74
169
793
948
2, 434 1, 110 $1,180
1874-'75
300 $1,743 896
$1, 261
5, 855
6, 704
1875-'76
499
809 200
1876 77
1877-'78.
2, 743
3,877
500
900
2,050
3, 458
5, 161
1878-'79.
100
237 2, 568
3,706
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Isl-
ands.
Years.
Spain.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
No.
Value.
No. Value. No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1869-'70
1870-'71
138, 362
$246, 076
327
1,984
$2, 177
1871-'72
3, 493
123, 161
$6, 248
244, 096
200
2, 063
439
$483
4, 455
1872-'73
115, 649
1, 151
2, 159
988
214, 938
104
164
1, 360
1873-174
114, 585
1, 353
2,507
225, 259
500
1,823
3, 612
575
260
1874-'75
$649
152, 173
2, 102
5,709
394, 358
378
694
1875-'76
164, 827
3, 565
5,594
388,755
909
1, 060
1,348
1, 814
1876-'77
2,254
120, 628
4, 644
309, 433
403
683
140
175
1877-'78
87,292
96, 717
931
326
1, 754
424
1878-'79
70, 228
1,500
143, 986
179
2,879
178
184
129
600
750
127, 013
219, 640
566
548
Years.
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Total.
Turkey in Asia.
United States
of Colombia.
Venezuela.
All other Coun-
tries.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Value. No. Value.
No. Value.
1869-'70
138, 689
$246, 559
12
1870-'71
125, 2:4
248, 551
$5
100
1871-*72
244
115, 753
215, 102
157
$515
1872-'73
80 $220
140
140
116, 608
229, 520
673
1873-'74 .
152, 551
1,279
395, 052
120
143
511
1874-'75
703
165, 736
390, 569
200
$260
1875-'76
121, 031
310, 116
20
45
1876-'77
87, 618
96, 541
1877-'78.
70, 407
144, 164
42
329
1878-'79.
128, 179
220, 938
Chili, 195 ($300) in 1876-77. Portuguese Islands in Atlantic, 200 ($180) in 1876-'77; 3,755 ($5,079) in
1878-'79. Dutch East Indies, 250 ($150) in 1877–78.
་




EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
287
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Africa.
Years.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.¹
Baltic and North
Seas.
Total.2

No. Value. No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No. Value. No. Value.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
·
50 $100
1
$5
264
641
51
264
$105
70
$210
640
362
854
1872-'73
573
1, 548
1873-'74
3,700
7, 232
58
178
3, 818
7,410
169
793
1874-'75
·
4, 035
5, 209
4,022 | 10, 540
8, 057
15, 749
500
187
1875-'76
1876-'77
→
178
475
3, 048
6,679
3, 226
7, 154
114
305
101
450
316
704
417
854
1877-78
166
205
4
20
170
225
1878-'79.
5, 784
7,363
392
470
6, 776
8, 583

South America (except Guiana).
Asia, Australasia,
&c.
West Indies.
Years.
Atlantic Ports.
Pacific Ports.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
-
139, 603
$248, 519
2, 569
345
$4,316
129, 029
257, 298
38
954
120, 665
224, 868
414
$140
1,290
1872-'73
-
1873-'74
1, 013
1,394
1, 457
118, 134
232, 830
1, 836
154, 413
399, 148
160
228
1, 110
1874-'75..
$1,180
200
260
171, 489
405, 104
15
45
1875-'76
1, 060
1,348
130, 041
328, 088
20
45
200
900
1876-'77
93, 627
111, 175
695
1877-'78
2,350
250
150
72, 454
147, 464
1,508
1878-'79 .
184
129
131, 109
227, 318
74
3,686
159
200
900
South America (ex-
cept Guiana).
Central American
Years.
States and Mex-
ico.
Other North Amer-
ican Ports.
All other Countries.
Total.

1869-'70
1870-'71
-
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
370
$667
19, 286
$20, 604
62
38
414
$140
$205
103
189
12, 091
9, 300
100
1,290
244
1, 632
1, 543
28, 784
33, 382
432
1, 085
419
595
20, 337
20, 600
1,270
673
1, 408
1,279
948
2, 434
4,320
4, 691
511
15
703
45
6, 560
9, 509
10, 688
11, 907
220
945
519
890
16, 975
10, 195
095
2, 350
2,743
3,877
39, 007
37, 125
1, 508
200
3, 686
180
3, 458
274
1,059
2,568
5, 161
3,706
4,373
3, 244
¹ Excepting France and Spain.
2 Including France and Spain.
288
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
(c.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, by Districts. (Number and value.)
Years.
1863-'64....
1864-'65..
1866-'67.
1807-'08...
1869-'70
-
1870-'71
1871-72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74
P
1874-75.
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78..
1878-79..
Maine.
Passamaquoddy.
Machias.
Bangor.
Belfast.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
101
$88
738
$611
1,280
53
$112
360
408
31
$1,280
38
1, 105
1, 230
1,375
2, 004
104
101
869
1, 304
91
137
3,778
2, 928
63
94
82
119
225
40
300
150
5, 621
7,870
3, 450
4,847
200
300
Maine.
New Hampshire.
Years.
Portland.
Other ports of
Maine.
Total.
Portsmouth.


No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
•
18, 738
$25, 942
18,738
14, 911
$25, 942
21, 504
1, 334
1866-'67
$892
-
16, 018
18, 364
24, 375
24, 951
1867-'68
16, 462
34, 540
25, 509
55, 830
1869-'70
35, 645
17, 155
57, 060
29, 720
1870-'71..
13, 031
18, 634
31, 825
5
-
22, 736
1871-'72
·
19, 333
13, 900
24, 040
33, 207
50
25
1872-'73
23, 202
13.727
25, 098
36, 272
1873-'74
13, 872
·
37, 184
34, 886
25, 311
1874-'75
17, 184
22, 356
34,886
39, 690
·
1875-'76
22, 581
4,840
40, 730
8,845
·
1876-'77
10, 461
6, 5.9
13, 693
12, 295
1877-'78
3, 174
14, 689
5, 839
18, 680
1878-'79
3, 174
9, 224
5, 839
16, 615
9, 424
16, 915
Massachusetts.
Years.
Newburyport.
Gloucester.
Salem and Beverly.
Boston.

No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
-
930
$854
1866-'67
1867-'68
920
$856
4, 003
5, 440
$5, 125
8,774
895
932
15, 843
23, 228
- •
980
1869-'70 ...
1, 095
16, 503
24, 047
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
-
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
22, 524
34, 365
10, 953
17,804
1, 490
744
2,295
1, 040
7,382
1, 240
$7,150
210
6, 411
12, 090
35
49
4, 444
8, 540
8,305
15, 414
12
18
7,779
16, 446
19, 300
34, 726
1,692
1, 515
17,705
28, 925
13, 268
22, 073
22, 031
27, 918
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS
OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
289
(«.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, &c.-Continued.
Massachusetts.

Years.
Now Bedford.
Fall River.
Other ports of Mas-
sachusetts.
Total.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'07
1867-'68
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-¹73
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
-
· ·
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-79
75
$64
179
$183
5 187
$6,226
103
$106
6, 463
9, 736
60
105
16, 798
24, 265
·
427
550
17,910
25, 698
578
613
426
633
23, 528
35, 611
332
472
11, 285
18,276
15
15
6, 456
12, 105
5,969
10, 884
9,049
16, 454
60
60
7,851
16, 524
140
140
150
48
19, 590
34, 914
111
117
26, 892
37, 717
105
53
16, 306
23, 851
307
184
22,338
28, 102
Years.
1803-'04
1864-'65
1866-'67
1867-'68
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
·
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
·
Rhode Island.
Providence.
Newport.
Bristol.
Total.

No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
901
$1, 442
12
12
901
$1,442
239
$332
251
3-14
236
350
236
350
408
3, 441
408
3, 441
463
722
463
702
40
65
419
622
459
687
26
36
26
36
45
$45
235
526
280
571
30
45
30
45
253
212
Connecticut.
253
212
New York.
Years.
Now London.
New Haven.
Total.
New York.

No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1804-'65
1866-'67
1
3951
$7001
22, 424
$46, 162
744
$2,600
741
2, 600
30, 042
·
46
57, 263
$80
1867-'68
540
1,285
2, 319
586
2,399
26, 303
54, 996
5, 770
1869-'70
1, 285
5,770
31, 259
63, 732
1870-'71
120
145
295
2,718
870
295
870
47, 913
97, 535
7,713
1871-'72
2, 838
7,858
62, 086
·
57
123, 991
57
270
1872-'73
1, 100
107
1, 157
6, 621
-
47
7, 414
65
40
80
87
1873-'74
145
48, 216
-
7
101, 536
7
744
1, 040
751
1874-'75
1,047
80
50, 523
117
120, 219
90
3, 714
170
1875-'76
3, 831
58,490
134, 107
289
870
289
1870-'77
870
42, 264
42
70
103, 236
30
60
72
1877-'78
130.
73
31,016
125
71, 950
325
950
398
1878-'79
1,075
127
11, 527
207
24, 819
200
450
327
657
31, 252
54, 146
¹ Ports not specified.
19 FOR
290
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
(c.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, &c.—Continued.
Pennsylvania.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Virginia.
Years.
Philadelphia.
Delaware.
Baltimore.
Richmond.

No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Valuc.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
3, 231
$4,863
240
$780
1864-'65
1, 404
2,400
22
1866-'67
$389
13, 820
26, 121
176
290
1867-'68
27, 545
49, 089
1, 814
3, 118
1869-'70.
33, 212
t:0, 972
6, 647
12, 311
1870-'71...
37, 001
84, 413
1871-'72
8, 966
17,878
41, 566
77, 499
3,778
1872-'73
7,200
50, 056
97, 329
2,299
1873-'74
4,353
60, 493
123, 383
9, 597
18,732
1874-'75.
7,779
16, 446
30, 292
71, 312
47
1875-'76
54,793
149, 259
$61
12,600
34, 813
1876-'77
33, 783
81, 643
9, 736
1877-'78
20, 860
58, 855
76, 444
11, 584
22, 014
1878-'79
63, 361
116, 202
17, 737
26, 624
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Georgia.
Florida.
Years.
Wilmington.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Fernandina.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
-
78
$77
130
$137
1867-'68
78
$78
374
568
567
557
1869-'70
153
249
912
1, 433
251
246
118
$150
1870-'71
. 16
12
315
531
1871-'72
-
16
20
1872-'73
125
125
1873-'74.
1, 093
1, 331
239
297
1874-'75
D
1, 047
1, 505
221
221
1875-'76
1, 101
1.457
653
779
349
475
1876-'77
1,672
2, 039
370
364
1877-'78.
365
365
1878-'79
179
203
52
31
Florida.
Mississippi.
Louisiana.
Years.
Key West.
Pearl River.
New Orleans.
Teche.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1,800
1864-'65
$750
36, 000
$55, 498
1866-'67
1867-'68
20, 966
30, 997
1869-'70
47, 956
70, 032
1870-'71
13, 848
17, 178
581
1871-'72
989
1872-'73
6, 621
•
1,266
7, 414
$1, 014
1873-74
2,310
3, 360
100
136
$150
80
1874-75
5,954
10, 389
381
971
1875-'76
2,096
3, 628
12
12
500
750
1876-'77
1, 315
2, 023
100
55
1877-'78.
1,903
3, 536
45
65
1878-'79
2, 554
4, 482
10
15
•
1,530
2, 505
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
291
(c.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, &c.—Continued.
Texas.
Years.
Texas (Galveston).
Saluria.
Corpus Christi.
Brazos de Santiago.


No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
1867-'68
1869-'70
1870-'71
16
$24
4
•
$8
13
$100
5
$5
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
66
61
85
85
11
15
❤
529
1, 502
1874-75
287
128
1875-'76
9
9
175
400
30
25
1870-'77
130
130
5
15
240
92
731
444
1877-'78
113
103
17
96
120
74
644
391
1878-'79..
194
411
28
14
884
825
California.
Oregon.
Years.
San Francisco.
Oregon.
Willamette.
Washington Terri-
tory.
Puget Sound.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1, 435
$4, 757
1864-'65
5, 200
10, 914
1866-'67
1867-'68
4,595
3, 311
20
$28
1869-'70
12
5
1870-'71
2,659
4,504
13
1871-'72
2, 159
$100
2, 834
40
1872-'73
100
1,750
2,876
65
1873-'74
83
2, 659
3,871
137
1874-'75
260
1,530
6, 564
240
1875-'76
320
1, 153
1, 950
1876-'77
68
68
140
175
44
1877-'78
$27
72
72
13
20
1878-'79
44
44
412
682
Minnesota.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Years.
Minnesota (Pem-
bina).
Detroit.
Sandusky.
Cuyahoga (Cleve-
land).
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
2,266
$1.722
1866-'67
·
3, 149
3,396
1867-'68
8, 440
8, 525
1869-'70
5
$20
11, 075
10, 746
5
1870-'71
20
483
$450
4, 786
8,744
1871-'72
6, 035
$6,417
17
48
425
1,270
267
4,976
1872-'73
5,909
9, 723
210
124
9,786
1,616
15, 862
1873-'74
10, 179
666
7,931
385
1,783
666
1874-'75
-
1, 546
655
918
2, 432
7,860
447
1, 485
1875-76
316
224
1, 180
1. 180
1876-'77
628
287
3,506
1877-'78
4, 506
12, 685
100
14, 501
132
1878-'79
300
325
Paso del Norte, 12 ($9) in 1870-'71.
Mackinaw, Mich., 550 ($495) in 1864-'65.
Chicago, 200 ($300) in 1873-'74; 4 ($6) in 1876-'77; 35 ($60) in 1877-'78; 180 ($225) in 1878-'79.
Duluth, Minn.,60 ($65) in 1877-78.
San Diego, Cal., 12 ($14) in 1878-'79.
292
EXPORTATION OF HOGSHEADS AND BARRELS.
(c.) Exportation of Hogsheads and Barrels, empty, &c.-Continued.
New York.

Years.
Buffalo Creek.
Genesee
(Rochester).
Oswegatchio
(Ogdensburg).
Champlain
(Plattsburg).
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
1863-'64
1864-'65
1866-'67
·
1867-'68
1869-'70
61
$24
1870-'71
1871-'72...
64
1, 431
$82
2, 862
8
5,835
$5, 710
$3
2,264
753
1872-'73
869
1, 126
1873-'74
26
41
1874-'75
52
26
1875-76
3,300
1, 034
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Oswego, 100 ($200) in 1875-'76.
Superior, 1,219 ($690) in 1877-'78; 350 ($160) in 1878–79.
NOTE. For the year 1869 the above were included under the more general heading of "Boxes, Coopered
Wares, and Turnery," and returns of value were received from the following districts:
$931 || Genesee, N. Y.
Y…..
Machias, Me
Philadelphia, Pa.
Plymouth, Mass
Bangor, Me
$391
Boston, Mass
$7, 169
184, 677
3
Brazos de Santiago, Tex.
15, 748
1, 951
New Bedford, Mass
105
Charleston, S. C.
54
New Haven, Conn
868
Puget Sound, Wash..
Saluria, Tex
162
39
Chicago, Ill
862
Corpus Christi, Tex.
114
New Orleans, La.
New York.
25, 365
193
Cuyahoga, Ohio.
43, 117
San Francisco, Cal
4, 702
1,357 || Oregon, Oreg
44
Sandusky, Ohio
EXPORTATION OF FIREWOOD.
293
VII. FIREWOOD.
1. Summaries of Exportation:
(a.) From 1790-'91 to 1794-'95; by cords.
(b.) From 1868-69 to 1878-79, by cords and total values.
(c.) Exportation by foreign countries from 1868-'69 to 1878–79; quantities and
values.
(d.) Exportation by districts, from 1868-'69 to 1878-'79; quantities and values.
1790-'91...
1791-'92.
1792-'93...
1793-'94.
1794-'95.
-
1. GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION.
(a.) From 1790-'91 to 1794-'95, by Cords.
499 cords.
1, 171 cords.
1, 119 cords.
491 cords.
169 cords.
(b.) From 1868-'69 to 1878-'79, by Cords.
[Total values.]
Years.
Cords.
Total
value.
Average
value per
Years.
Cords.
Total
cord.
value.
Average
value per
cord.
9, 836
$23, 347
$2 38
8, 341
20,725
2 48
8,090
19, 92
2 46
5,428
14,097
2 59
6, 324
18, 366
2.90
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79.
·
1,973
$8, 023
$4 06
·
3, 032
9, 029
3 00
-
3,073
9, 518
3 09
2,837
9, 469
3 34
3, 444
2, 721
11, 096
3 22
9, 279
3 41
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74 .
(c.) Exportation, by Foreign Countries, from 1868–69 to 1878–79.
[Quantities and values.]
Countries.
Years. Cords.
Value.
France.
Belgium
Danish West Indies
Germany
Do
Great Britain:
England
Do...
Scotland
Ireland
Canada
1878-'79
20
$80
·
1870-'71
2
8
1878-'79
34
130
1870-'71
15
75
1878-'79
116
520
1870-'71
1
12
1875-'76
100
100
1873-74
5
25
1878-79
21
79
British Colonies:
1868-'69
9, 826
23, 287
Do..
1869-'70
8, 328
20, 650
Do..
1870-'71
8,088
19, 884
Do...
1871-'72
5, 379
13, 938
Quebec, Ontario, &c
1872-'73
6, 324
18,366
Do...
1873-'74
2,704
9, 179
Do...
1874-75
1, 958
7,963
Do.
1875-'76
2,840
8,722
Do.
1876-'77
2, 613
7,597
Do.
1877-'78
2,279
Do..
6,396
1878-'79
Other British American Provinces.
2,501
6, 809
1871-'72
3
11
Do...
1875-'76
92
207
Do..
1876-'77
85
180
Do...
1877-'78
28
56
British West Indies and Honduras
1877-'78
48
190
British Possessions in Africa
1877-'78
30
Total Great Britain and Colonics.
149
1868-'69
Do...
9,826
23, 287
1869-'70
Do...
8,326
20, 650
1870-'71
Do..
8, 089
19, 896
1871-'72
Do..
5, 382
13, 950
1872-'73
Do..
6, 324
18, 366
1873-'74
Do...
2, 704
1874-'75
Do...
1,963
9, 179
7,988
1875-'76
Do
3,032
9, 029
1876-'77
Do...
2,698
7,777
1877-'78
Do...
Mexico
Portuguese Islands
Sandwich Islands.
Do...
Do...
Spanish Colonies:
Cuba
Uruguay
2,385
6, 791
1878-'79
2,766
7, 863
1876-'77
190
334
1873-'74
17
100
1871-'72
135
1876-'77
185
1,407
1877-'78
452
2,678
1874-'75
10
1868-'69
10
3890
35
60
294
EXPORTATION OF FIREWOOD.
(d.) Exportation, by Districts, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
[Quantities and values.]
Districts.
Years.
Cords. Value.
Do..
Bangor, Me..
Boston, Mass
Do.
New Bedford, Mass.
New Haven, Conn
New York, N. Y.
Baltimore, Md..
Do...
Alexandria, Va.
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va
Do...
Do.
Wilmington, N. C
Charleston, S. C
New Orleans, La.
San Francisco, Cal.
Do...
Willamette, Oreg
Do...
Puget Sound, Wash.
Do...
Do..
Minnesota, Minn
Do...
1878-'79
1871-'72
6
$30
1878-'79
1877-'78
1878-'79
1878-'79
437
1869-'70
1873-74
1875-'76
1868-'69
TABNFARRA
4
40
13
98
30
149
22
106
1,792
15
106
17
100
15
77
10
60
·
1870-'71
2
8
1877-'78
48
190
1878-'79
38
114
1874-'75
10
35
1874-'75
5
25
1878-'79
41
143
1877-778
229
1, 837
1878-'79
1877-'78
223
841
1878-'79
206
766
1871-'72
48
146
1875-'76
77
130
1877-'78
28
56
1872-'73
30
120
1873-'74
80
160
Do...
1874-'75
312
901
Do....
1875-'76
874
2,497
Do..
1877-'78
1, 942
5, 209
Do.
1878-'79
1,988
Detroit, Mich.
1868-'69
6, 894
Do...
1869-'70
4, 642
5, 293
13,788
9, 284
Do...
1870-'71
5,730
11, 460
Do...
1871-'72
3, 826
7,652
Do..
1872-'73
4, 133
8,779
Do..
1873-74
1,063
2, 678
Do..
1874-75
12
60
Do..
1878-'79
99
343
Genesee, N. Y
1868-'69
77
277
Do..
1871-'72
39
56
Do...
1872-73
42
147
Do...
1873-74
83
291
Do
1874-'75
63
240
Oswego, N. Y
1868-'69
1, 011
4, 014
Do.
1869-'70
1, 652
6, 744
Do.
1870-'71
1,508
5,974
Do..
1871-'72
1,361
5, 463
Do..
1872-'73
1,900
8, 220
Do...
1873-'74
1,037
4, 645
Do...
1874-'75
450
2,280
Do...
1875-'76
40
200
Do..
1877-'78
117
552
Cape Vincent, N. Y
1868-'69
1,727
4,935
Do....
1869-'70
460
1,380
Do...
Do..
1870-'71
800
2,250
1874-'75
300
700
Do.
1875-'76
267
682
Do.
1877-'78
50
100
Oswegatchie, N. Y
1869-'70
-
1, 431
2,862
Do...
Do
Do..
1873-'74
326
978
1875-'76
774
2, 402
Champlain, N. Y
1869-'70
121
320
1871-'72
100
378
Do.
Do...
Do..
Do...
Do...
Do..
1872-'73
220
1, 100
1873-'74
115
427
1874-'75
815
3,782
1875-'76
888
2, 941
1877-'78
170
555
1878-'79
414
1, 173
Vermont, Vt
Do...
Do...
Do...
1868-'69
117
233
1869-'70
20
GO
1870-'71
50
200
1871-'72
50
250
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
295
VIII. EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
After reporting these manufactures somewhat in detail during the first six years,
the annual statements of Commerce and Navigation give only the general totals during
a long period, and it is only in recent years that this class of manufactured products
have been returned with sufficient fullness for comparison between the business of
different years by countries and districts.
These statistics will be found arranged under the following headings:
1. Manufactures of Wood, 1789-'90 to 1878-79, so far as reported.
(a.) From 1789-'90 to 1794-'95, specifying the kinds of manufactured articles ex-
ported, and total values.
(b.) From 1795-'96 to 1878-79, general totals by years, values.
(c.) From 1854-55 to 1867-'68, by foreign countries, values.
(d.) From 1868-'69 to 1878-79, by foreign countries, values.
(e.) From 1855-'56 to 1878-79, by districts, values.
2. Window Sash and Blinds, 1863-64 to 1864-'65, by districts, values.
3. Household Furniture, 1854-55 to 1878–79.
(a.) Total values exported annually.
(b.) By foreign countries, annually, from 1854-55 to 1867–68.
(c.) By foreign countries, values annually from 1868-'69 to 1878–79.
(d.) By districts, values annually from 1855-56 to 1878-79.
4. Wooden Wares, from 1863-64 to 1878-'79, so far as reported.
(a.) Exportation by countries in 1863-'64 and 1864-65.
Total value exported annually, 1868-'69 to 1878–79.
(c.) Exportation by countries with general summaries, 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
(d.) Exportation by districts, 1863-64, 1864-'65 and 1868-69 to 1878-79.
(e.) Exportation of Shoe Pegs, 1873-74 and 1874-75.
1. MANUFACTURES OF WOOD FROM 1789-'90 TO 1794-'95.
[In early years these were specified in detail by quantities. The following are not elsewhere mentioned.]
(a.) Specification of Kinds and Quantities, with total values.
Articles.
1789-'90. 1790-'91. 1791-'92. 1792-'93. 1793-'94. | 1794-'95.
Ax-helves
Boxes and brakes
Canes and walking-sticks
..doz
No
..do.
149
56
•
598
40
228
Casks
.do..
2,423
297
1,245
6, 944
12, 144
Corn-fans
5, 727
.do..
1
1
Lock-stocks
..do..
4,000
3, 100
600
491
Pails, tubs, dishes, &c
.doz.
204
92
95
123
Pumps
No.
1, 089
80
55
43
86
Spinning-wheels
.do..
17
7
Spokes and felloes.
..doz
1, 081
8, 964
Wheelbarrows
1,840
517
No
6
42
44
34
Wagon and cart wheels.
pairs.
25
41
36
53
Windows and doors.
37
.No.
31
Worm-tubs.
..do..
0
2
Yokes and bows for oxen
.scts.
197
204
348
231
Frames of houses.
678
.No.
195
191
311
89
Furniture..
76
$8, 351
16, 839
13, 610
24, 304
22, 189
22, 865
Values: 1795-'96, $9,483; 1796-'97, $22,019; 1797-'98, $32,005; 1798-'99, $95,181; 1799-1800, $81,421;
1800-'01, $90,133; 1801-'02, $92,343.
¹ Pieces.
2 Pieces and Packages.
296
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
(b.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified from 1795-'96 to 1878-79.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1795-'96
$111, 848 1816-'17
$202, 372
1837-'38
1796-97
$549, 165
1858-'59
158, 576
1817-'18
$2, 339, 861
193, 274
1838-'39
1797-'98
82,586
659, 291
1859-'60
1818-'19
2, 703, 095
174, 276
1839-'40
596, 305
1860-'61
0798-'99
166, 041
1819-'20
2, 344, 079
148, 481
1840-'41
1799-1890...
548, 308
1861-'62
117, 651
1820-21
1,755, 793
169, 715
1841-42
1800-'01
623, 718
1862-'63
170, 027
1821-'22
2, 549, 056
197, 883
1842-'43
1801-'02
391, 312
1863-'64
104, 867
1822-23
038, 435
191, 801
1843-'44
919, 100
1864-'65
1802-'03
145, 560
1823-'24
358, 236
207, 028
1844-'45
1803-'04
677, 420
1865-'66
203, 175
1824-25
720, 625
176, 840
1845-'46
957, 790
1866-'67
1804-'05
223, 142
1825-'26
930, 154
216, 710
1846-47
1805-'06.
1, 495, 924
1867-'68
214, 870
1826-27
888, 994
213, 815
1847-'48
2, 042, 699
1868-'69
1800-'07
191, 792
1827-'28
1, 422, 799
238, 686
1848-'49
1807-'08
1, 697, 827
1869-'70
44, 311
1828-'29
217, 829
1849-'50
1808-'09
1, 948, 952
1870-'71
123, 315
1829-'30
172, 772
1850-'51
2,076, 395
1871-'72
1809-'10
156, 950
1830-'31
275, 219
832, 198
781, 187
1,007, 598
1851-'52
2, 193, 085
1872-'73
1810-'11
190, 635
1831-'32
1, 224, 584
312, 678
1852-'53
1811-'12
294, 122
1873-74
109, 335
1832-'33
1, 532, 060
318, 641
1853-'54
2, 837, 240
1874-'75
1812-'13
61, 137
1833-34
1, 539, 701
319, 131
1854-'55
1813-'14
3, 683, 420
1875-'76
49, 462
1834-35
1, 565, 602
417, 532
1855-'50
2, 501, 583
1876-'77
1814-'15
150, 660
1835-'36
421, 016
1856-'57
1815-'16
13, 158, 424
1877-'78
199, 835
1836-'37
1, 373, 039
1,714, 440
444, 149
1857-'58
2, 234, 678
1878-'79
1, 699, 992
(c.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, by Foreign Countries,
1854-255 to 1867-'68. (Falues.)
Years.
Denmark and Danish
Colonics.
1854-'55
$33, 479
1855-'56
$1,751 $46, 227
24, 660
3, 202
37, 848
1856-'57
$3,941
8, 149
$47, 152 | $6, 190
33, 381
$297 $21, 561 $21, 858
8,323
$846
27, 345
3,908
20, 717
42, 827
20, 717
2, 251
1857-58
42, 575
8, 292
327
26, 338
153
16, 318
21, 787
16, 645
1858-59
1, 287
20, 336
1, 348
3, 456
8, 034
15, 276
22, 170
15, 276
1859-'GO
4,887
18, 186
8, 365
--
12, 133
7, 172
356
7, 172
18, 217
1860-'61
1,073
10, 764
14,993
-
17,788
14, 804
449
14, 804
29, 480
1861-'62
3, 351
27, 833
15, 318
200
18, 325
11, 824
689
30, 356
12, 024
1.984
1862-'63
20, 036
19,525
6, 712
(2)
128
(2)
28, 899
34, 737
1863-'64
7, 014
56, 900
36, 615
130, 903
(2)
(2)
11, 423
27, 865
1864-'65
3,067
15, 488
¹14, 955
21, 149
(2)
1, 013
13, 977
(2)
4, 520
1865-'66
1,087❘ 21,
21, 291
9, 014
.
12, 352
4, 763
49
4, 763
13, 772
3, 100
1866-'67
12, 928
2, C43
28, 540
4, 796
6,883
6, 883
25, 012
1867-'68
24, 316
2, 018
238, 326
30, 718
8, 161
83, 859
48, 222
1,300
6, 515
25, 264 25, 264
Years.
France.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.

1854-'55....
$60, 345
1855-'56.
27, 255
$3, 909
1,791
$64, 254
29, 046
1856-'57.
$12, 243
8, 106
$6, 483
217
14, 401
$1, 214
1, 463
6, 413
20, 814
1857-'58.
11, 961
$19, 940 $84, 194
9,786
6, 065
38, 832
13, 478
2,275
500
1858-'59.
15, 978
20, 301
6, 536
41, 115
4, 136
339
6, 942
1,140
$36
1859-'60.
8, 082
11, 047
11, 020
27,025
4,386
615
21, 812
150
3, 343
25, 155
16, 171
1860-'61.
7,840
24, 253
5,876
2, 046
16,560
250
12, 048
1861-'62.
28, 608
16, 012
3, 081
41, 167
7,500
1,037
640
(2)
(2)
1862-'63.
36, 368
12, 858
(5)
618, 361
41, 466
(2)
(5)
(2)
(5)
1863-'64.
35, 307
18, 361
(8)
614, 155
54, 729
(2)
(5)
(2)
1864-'65.
7, 130
(5)
14, 155
(ნ)
63,693
49, 462
(5)
619
100
(5)
719
3, 693
1865-'66...
1,272
10,823
791
2,081
3, 102
5, 165
1866-'07...
2, 081
4,323
2, 289
5, 884
579
16, 485
786
1, 303
7, 897
17, 788
1867-'68.
6, 412
9, 978
1,395
150
13, 528
13, 528
2, 164
4,332
3,478
999 1,050
12, 035
29, 823
8, 545
22, 067
Austria, 1857-'58, $237; 1858-'59, $415; 1860–’61, $940.
1 China and Japan.
2 Not separately reported.
3 Cisalpine and Argentine Republics.
Bolivia, 1857-'58, $5,946; 1865-'66, $220.
4 Includes $61 for Greenland.
Included with French West Indies.
6 French West Indies and Colonies.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD
WOOD MANUFACTURES.
297
Years.
British West In-
dies.
British Hondu
ras.
Years.
Bremen.
Hamburg.
Total Germany.
(c.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &c.—Continued.

Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.

England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
1854-'55... $25, 781 $49, 062
1855-'56... 59, 104
1856-'57... 41, 968
$74, 843
30, 565 90, 138
$248,437
162,736
13,
$7, 520
13, 135
$200
$256, 157 $3, 142
$256, 157 $3, 142
$449
$303, 536 $56, 674
110
175, 981 1,739
448
230, 532
57, 198
66, 674 108, 642
155, 721
6, 876
382
162, 979 4,016| 1, 200
1857-'58...
142, 433
30,485
29,501
62, 569
60, 260
59, 698
19, 504
109
79, 311
213
1858-'59... 41, 301
184, 691
15,938
46, 656
57, 239
73, 405
3, 233
1859-'60... 52, 358
76, 638
210
45, 146|
19, 377
104, 741
71, 715
76, 558
10, 526 304
87,388 360
49, 547
1860-'61..
19, 322
11, 824
75, 629
31,
31, 146
94, 662
14, 731 12, 111
121, 5041, 404
239
36, 593
1861-'62..
(¹)
(¹)
62, 426
69, 882
(¹)
(1)
(1)
97, 248
(2)
(2)
391, 199
1802-'63...
(1)
(4)
(1)
68, 121
(1)
(1)
(1)
228, 373
1803-'64... (¹)
(2)
(2)
3120, 383
(1)
(4)
5, 252
(1)
(1)
(1)
92, 847
(2)
1864-'65...
370, 443
7,050
8,471
15, 521
76,908
6, 869
295
84, 072
265
1865-'66. 27, 867
50,924
2,568
23, 830
30, 435
47, 987
3, 468
51, 455
792
1866-'67...
24, 116
26, 130
74, 651
5, 041
29, 157
119, 820
13, 082
1867-'68...
132, 902 1, 205
71, 625
1,790
3, 597
5, 387
73, 537
20, 470
20, 470
500 1, 690
98,725
74, 029
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
British Guiana.
British
Posscs-
sions in Africa.
British East In-
dies.
Australia.
1854-'55
1855-'56...
1856-'57...
1857-'58
$50, 537 $12, 129$9, 053 $10, 425 $31, 445)
$199,957 $677, 344 $933, 501
$9,085
52, 489
6, 573 8, 915) 10,480
12, 444
218, 190 599, 624 775, 605
11, 202
45, 207
13, 10312, 486–19, 749
21, 379
251, 209
573, 351| 736, 330
20, 260
32, 501
6,600 6, 358 11,755
5, 678
322, 387
606, 626
685, 937
3, 874
1858-'59
43, 494
8, 316
8,459
27,081
4,397
233, 894
482, 770
559, 408
1859-'60...
12, 623
50, 826
12, 091
8, 697
16, 570
15, 840
257, 111
477, 441
564, 829
12, 893
1860-'01..
77, 067
$7,529 $3, 031
4,331 2,379
10, 358 2,594
210 1, 295
4,877 3,003
4,547 1, 862
4, 052
6, 306,
8,003
4, 950
152, 978
1861-'02..
5105, 528
360, 070|| 481, 574|
15,
15, 848
4, 099
(6)
1, 737
(6)
731, 950
(8)
9191, 779
1862-'03. $115, 957
(6)
(G)
753, 597
(8)
9230, 159
1863-'64...
525, 541
(6)
(6)
711, 215
(8)
9130, 502
1864-'65...
30, 914
6, 220 8, 928
7, 165
1, 815
1865-'66..
24, 738
3, 918 8, 945
16,726|
2,036
1866-'67..
29, 482
5, 002 11, 100
19, 074
7, 708
1867-'68..
25, 725
4, 996 3, 653
13, 425
2, 078
420, 456|| 517, 704 1017, 861
520, 096| 748, 469 1035, 583)
237, 711
255, 009 385, 070|
166, 823| 325, 031
153, 158 371, 886
136, 873 361, 694
(4)
(4)
(¹)
(¹)
330, 558 1017, 167|
469, 142|| 20,941
(1)
(¹)
867
376, 486|
16, 419
1, 937 2,272
504, 788
11, 065
75 1,347
382, 164
19, 255
55|
55 6,346
"Other German Ports," 1855-'56, $469; 1857-'58, $274.
New Zealand, 1855-'56, $616.
Greece, 1858–'59, $080.
Falkland Islands, 1865-'66, $272.
1 Not separately reported.
2 Included with British Possessions in Africa.
3 Canada and British North American Possessions.
4 Included with Canada.
5 British West Indies, and Possessions in Central and South America.
6 Included with West Indies.
7 British Possessions in Africa and Mediterranean.
8 Included with Australia.
9 British East Indies and Australia.
10 Hayti and San Domingo.
Total British
Colonics.
Total Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Hayti.
Holland.
nies.
Dutch West In-
dics.
Holland and
Dutch Colo-
Total.
Gibraltar.
Malta.
Canada.
N'th American
Possessions.
All other British
298
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
Portugal.
Azores.
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &c.-Continued.
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
Italy.

1855-'56...
1854-55...$12, 464
4,848
$222 $23, 246
393
11, 951
$686 $368
406
$379
324
$1,433
730
$14, 547
1856-'57... 12, 882
945
26, 779 $100 1,349
16, 286
5, 199
1857-'58...
1858-'59...
1859-'60..
1860-'61...
6, 648
6, 300 1, 127
8,932
21, 576
20
484
504
12, 351
4, 1261, 480
13, 486
$19, 073 $9, 005
23,961 19, 325
24, 069 10, 064
16, 928❘ 2, 797
10,064
7,671 852
10, 157 |
10, 157
7, 432
14,938
3, 365
13, 676 97, 634
1,983
5, 348
7, 119 9, 669
22, 624
$391❘ 20, 377
36, 250 18, 183
3, 629
1861-'62..
3, 629
(1)
426
(1)
16, 985
(1)
(1)
(1)
1862-'63..
(1)
2,825
(2)
(1)
19, 274
(1)
(1)
1863-'64...
5,292
(2)
(1)
(1)
7, 189
126, 319
(2)
450
1864-'65
2, 105
(2)
2, 972
37,908
1865-'66.
1,271
1, 931
300
264
6, 443
101, 354 |
22,064 | 24, 403| 1, 266
18, 964 331, 001 29, 872
361, 536 16, 310
322, 485 | 1, 286
29, 596 | 4, 045
225
455
1866-'67...
21, 849
1, 885 4, 558
14, 041
7,865
8,477
1867-'68...
1, 449
17, 721
1, 342 6, 693
14, 436
19, 421 15, 264
1, 2006, 940 |
51, 626
53, 81929, 884
Cape de Verde
Islands.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Russian Possessions.
Madeira.
Total.
European.
1854-'55.
1855-'56
$5, 606
4, 706
$5
1856-'57
6, 380
2, 139
1857-'58
1, 534
868
$3,815
1, 120
1,008
408
$340
510
1,084
$9,766
6, 336
$737 $1,092
$21,
161
$200
102
23, 911
10, 617
$715
115
44
17, 186
2, 810
1858-'59
435
228
2, 520
9, 402
294
685
18
36, 583
1859-'60
12, 625
4,000
•
4,063
998
1, 383
300
29, 394
6, 744
1860-'61
447
571
886
1, 695
2, 626
177
17, 774
1, 328
4, 086
1861-'62
3, 122
186
(1)
(¹)
(1)
1, 846
4,860
(1)
3, 345
1862-'63
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
27, 455
5,296
1863-'64
(4)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(5)
46, 943
1864-'65
1, 098
304
172
1865-'66
879
1,574
(5)
39, 563
182
261
45
563
295
7,478
1, 119
491
1866-'67
228
2, 701
198
2,405
47, 606
441
1867-'68
95
2, 242
932
1, 109
5, 547
4,378
3, 228
1, 339
38, 928
1, 930
9, 079
1 Not separately reported.
2 Reported with China.
3 New Grenada and Venezuela.
4 Russia and Dependencies, $1,081.
5 Reported with Hayti.
Nicaragua, 1866-'67, $1,741; 1867-'68, $2,463.
Costa Rica, 1866–'67, $70.
Honduras, 1867-'68, $681.
Asiatic.
American.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Peru.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
299
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &c.-Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Atlantic Ports.
Spain.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Spanish Colonies.
Total Spain and Span.
ish Colonies.

1854-55.
$2,067 | $1,477 | $3,544 | $1, 719 | $2, 008, 913❘
1855-56....
$173, 593
$173, 593
458
527
985
62
1, 127, 884
107, 241
1856-'57...
1, 215
$2,743
1,900
1,820
3,035
408
1, 675, 243
131, 004
1857-'58..
36
5, 118
5, 154
2, 148
1, 062, 040
1858-'59.....
106,952
250
85
2, 074
2, 159
3, 446
1,283, 576
89, 845
1859-'60....
3,980
1, 421
5, 401
3, 026
1, 617, 171
99, 305
1860-'61...
4, 280
137
140
955
$2, 186, 968
1, 237, 087
1,808, 510
1, 171, 390
1, 376, 867
1,723, 782
$2,190, 512
1, 238, 082
1,871, 545
1, 176, 544
1,379, 026
1,729, 183
277
324
1, 392, 817
80, 821
1861-'62.
(1)
(1)
1, 473, 962
22,505
(3)
1, 474, 239
4819, 248
1862-'63.
(5)
(1)
819, 248
(1)
21,092
821, 753
(3)
41, 163, 667
1863-'64.....
(5)
(1)
(1)
1, 163, 667
21, 654
1, 164, 759
(3)
494, 932
(5)
1864-'65....
(1)
(1)
(¹)
5, 176
94, 932
96, 586
87,511
10, 591
1865-'66...
2,450
100, 552
372
790
1,162
105, 728
544
106, 411
7,746
1866-'07...
299
114, 701
1807-'68....
1,300
255
299
1,555
115, 863
40
100, 372
10,762
111, 174
13, 749
125, 628
111, 473
23, 491
162, 868
164, 423
Years.
Turkish Possessions.
Other Ports in Asia.
1854-55....
$1,673 $1, 057 $12, 694
1855-'56......$647 918
800
110
1856-'57...
808 23
372
1,205
$13, 751
910
1,577
$7, 963 $22, 701
$22, 603
$61, 150
6,311 18, 560
9,657 | 15, 413
26, 426
52, 880
1857-'58.
552
23, 958 $1,906
120
124, 186
5, 150
$150
5, 420
1858-'59.
1,211
80
4, 090
1, 930
6,100
1859-'60...
1860-'61....
3,707 | 11, 227
2,657
10, 257
1, 428
63, 559
7,925
25,808
1,408
11, 200
349
1, 195
510
1,705 17, 315
7,391
35, 301
1, 108
338
14, 120
230
5, 686 | 27, 550
$830
33, 466
6, 424
1861-'62.
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
1865-'66.
1866-'67.
1867-'68.
7, 284 | 24, 047
2, 539
331
4, 698
(1)
(2)
(¹)
2, 348
6, 721
(7)
30, 329
335
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
3, 656 10, 867
(7)
11, 643 10, 186
(1)
(1)
1,390
(6)
(7)
9, 415
1,462
3, 148
3, 148
9, 281
2, 889
4, 657
154
1,316
5,886
15, 710
2,382
6, 040
2, 236
1, 355
3, 1945, 460
17, 026
7, 841
6,759
2. 819
3, 491
175
2, 557 25, 579
9, 742
6, 478
384
1 Not separately reported.
2 Spain and Canaries.
3 Included with Spain.
4 Spanish West Indies.
Included with Cuba.
6 Reported with Argentine Republic.
Included with New Grenada.
300
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES,
Years.
Total.
Years.
Years.
Argentine Re-
public.
Austria.
Belgium.
(d.) Exportation of all other¹ Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, by Countries.
[Value.]
Brazil.
Central Amer-
ican States.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$45, 755
28, 368
$222
1870-'71
$4, 502 $17, 021
2,599 20, 566
$5, 080
$32, 154
$17, 021
$22, 564
962
25, 879
22, 481
$23, 502
12, 194
1871-'72
3, 644 | 23, 560
8, 224
4, 0'2
30, 566
23, 615
6, 742
1872-'73
3, 285 | 21, 946
6,550
16, 138
62, 906
24, 566
1873-'74
8, 487 | 22, 558
10, 208
|
72, 803
22, 533
6,759
44, 020
1874-'75
11, 365 | 17, 173
10, 767
6, 691
23, 048
18, 443
11, 116
4, 989
5, 872
7,707
45, 300
1,600
6, 745
1875-'76
5, 053
23, 302
23, 304
8, 204
10, 850
11, 319
24, 857
1876-'77
8, 894
3, 428
31, 506
1,607
6, 510
89, 316
6, 578
16, 434
1877-'78
750 10, 945
1,002
11,756
2, 561
3,368
13, 044
21, 363
16, 938
1878-79
503❘ 27, 499
1, 503
2, 383
12, 924
20, 455
6, 359
17,875
7,963❘ 10, 788 | 17, 355
1,492
3, 341
44, 593
7,743
733
11, 171
31, 635
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Germany.
1868-'69
$6, 320
1869-'70
3, 203
1870-'71 ..
$3, 448 | $9,768
1, 811
$33, 270
$80, 574
5,014
2, 064
16, 130
72, 049
$13, 351
25, 102
1871-'72
2, 593
4, 657
9, 646
3, 427
1872-'73
4,377
$57, 384
7,804
13, 676
7, 637
$1, 458
$624
1873-'74
6, 626
10, 345
11, 870
24, 052
614
1874-'75
15, 721
634
1875-'76
361
1, 669
5,758 | 18, 603
29, 453
6, 973 | 24, 997
114, 313
13, 823
2, 234
1876-'77
19, 043
1, 510
970
1,522
8, 203 | 25, 239
42, 177
1877-'78
4,391 26, 466
46, 921
19, 404
2, 563
1, 014
1878-'79
}
4, 466 | 27, 446
91, 539
25, 187
1, 989
1, 404
7,467 | 36, 047
67, 682
Germany.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
1868-'69
1869-'70
·
1870-'71
$93, 925 $138, 120
97, 151
$17,747
7,174
$155, 867
72, 278
57, 384
79, 452
1871-'72
63, 987
10, 001
117, 235
$2,000
1, 866
$251, 956
$12, 853
7, 851
87,639
73, 988
97, 708
350
1872-'73
20, 935
161, 934
12, 096
94, 228
118, 643
181
153, 388
1873-'74
21, 935
202, 681
16, 630
203, 249
175, 323
191, 613
1874-'75
57, 285
$1, 970
215, 796
48, 595
205, 686
250, 868
313, 215
559
1875-'76
85, 042
249, 669
89, 673
5, 165
202, 410
404, 022
343 244
1876-'77
103, 204
191, 742
1, 047
89, 950
447, 495
118, 219
261, 554
12
1877-'78
194, 763
230, 666
3, 061
50, 800
125, 773
459, 378
363, 247
152
1878-'79..
222, 273
189, 272
678
42, 546
154, 302
586, 198
486, 713
517
153, 080
180, 216
250
66, 677
640, 123
51
177, 009
24, 731
1The manufactures of wood specified before this are, besides all lumber and timber, "household fur-
niture" and "wooden ware.
2Of this, $540 was for Denmark.
3 Specified in 1872-73 and since, as "Miquelon, Langley, and St. Pierre Islands."
4 Specified in 1872-'73 and since, as "Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Northwest Territory."
แ
Specified in 1872-'73 and since, as "Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island."
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.
Total
Great
Britain.
Gibraltar.
Canada.4
All other Brit-
ish North
America.5
Chili.
China.
Denmark and
Danish West
Indies.
France.



EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
301
(d.) Exportation of all other Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &'c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
All other Brit-
ish Posses-
sions.
1868-'69
$35, 696
1869-'70
$6,892
21, 161
1,000
1870-'71
30, 507
850
1871-'72
$13, 779
14, 642
15, 727
$220, 652
167, 708
25, 274
84, 459
450
1872-'73
21,713
24, 623
$4, 464
138, 203
1873-'74
$10, 730 |
27,
27, 170
27, 735
6, 330
141, 307
20
595
1874-'75
3, 820 |
28, 315
22, 330
4, 270
191, 046
4, 270
1870-'76
1,955 | 37, 273
21, 546
116, 392
3, 447
5, 899
1876-'77
3,792
70, 574
19, 236
3,479
1,045
1877-'78
9, 647
59, 373
32, 938
6, 675
508
1878-'79
4, 737
34, 142
9, 181
171
587
77,376
75, 520
$18,753
9, 317
10,862
10, 731
$14, 204
165, 743
22, 957
6, 607
184, 135
15, 924
3,662
242, 612
179
4, 233
216, 006
1, 150
Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Years.
British
Colonies.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Italy.
1868-'69
$542, 828
1869-'70
$698, 695
2$5, 649
$875
331, 463
$5, 436
410, 915
1870-'71
26, 340
$5, 637
21
305, 923
3,597
379, 911
1871-'72
24, 757
$11, 948
3, 618
$150
2,598
405, 132
2, 498
523, 775
5,096
1872-'73
5, 796
1,450
1, 676
476
472, 705
1873-'74
648, 028
3, 602
37
7, 535
900
2,041
410
597, 742
848, 610
3, 351
12, 526
1874-'75
17, 742
3, 176
468, 182
872, 204
20, 918
1875-'70
7,567
7,528
1,509
1, 603
575, 436
511
1876-'77
1,022, 931
9, 642
13, 219
6 343
1,562
524, 809
984, 187
1877-'78
8, 095
7,905
16, 292
1, 551
1878-'79
627, 959 1, 214, 157
20, 803
17,843
9. 157
1,767
553, 207 1, 193, 330
490
11, 414
8, 038
11, 179
125
3,764
1, 394
30
12, 603
6, 655
Years.
Portugal and Portuguese Col-
onies.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
$4, 586
$1, 104
1870-'71.
1,950
368
$15, 592
13, 651
$41, 329
$932
40, 148
1871-72...
5,906
1, 811
585
$3, 190
4, 282
$4, 122
16, 474
27, 987
6, 093
1872-'73..
4, 202
1, 497
1, 791
1,992
29, 713
95, 758
3, 489
1873-'74.
6, 946
2, 632
429
30, 238
1, 977
29, 182
4, 609
1874-75.
3, 143
2, 831
1, 623
2,476
43, 878
1875-'76..
6, 345
13, 366
5, 307
1, 516
1, 094
34, 763
2,679
12, 652
4, 195
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
5,480
1,981
1,541
3, 549
30, 706
5, 530
9, 675
2, 518
1, 005
2,378
2, 769
20, 404
12, 992
3,774
2,093
1,650
1, 615
3, 810
19, 906
2,268
10, 175
5, 460
250
2,497
27, 953
1, 586
14, 874
1, 836
1,866
4, 662
6, 528
¹Before 1872, reported as "Australia, New Zealand," &c.
2 Hayti and San Domingo reported together.
302
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
(d.) Exportation of all other Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &c.—Continued.

Russia and Russian
Possessions.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Spanish Colonies.
1868-'69.
(¹)
1869-'70..
$14, 194
$252, 920
$32, 852
1870-'71..
(1)
16,703
$2,060
$648
74, 663
6, 179
1871-'72...
$2, 060
(¹)
9, 111
1, 155
118, 313
4, 706
1872-'73.
$2,981
8, 683
73
66, 858
182
$1,351
1, 533
6, 435
1873-74..
3, 330
17, 212
458
98, 335
1, 897
7,973
1, 897
999
$260
1874-'75..
7, 221
365
78.
84, 365
253
6, 900
56
331
1,285
1875-'76.
12, 972
1, 634
64, 591
11, 805
112
3, 944
1876-'77.
27,919
1, 478
56, 106
767
10, 275
767
1877-'78..
1,560
24, 227
1, 134
38,000
8, 449
223
26
223
1878-¹79.
1,262
45, 517
309
43, 832
1, 373
16, 166
16
1, 373
1, 342
42, 461
366
51, 448
6, 633
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Turkish Possessions.



Years.
1868-'69
1869-70
$392
1,297
$33, 244 | $286, 164
7,476
82, 139
1870-'71
$526
837
$523
837
123, 019
$41,000
17, 335
124, 174
1871-'72
$100
35
176
35
73, 469
73, 542
13, 070
1872-'73
106, 568
107, 026
6
250
1,500
1,500
20, 355
1873-'74
•
91, 321
$3,274
3,274
25, 205
91, 685
1874-'75
715
77, 223
78, 856
1875-'76
168
1,829
168
35, 494
66, 381
1,829
50, 495
67, 859
1876-'77
183
183
350
46, 825
16, 015
47,959
1877-'78
825
825
1, 348
61, 362
5,743
61, 671
1878-'79 ..
1, 339
58, 081
58, 447
18, 720
857
25
25
24, 320
¹ Hayti and San Domingo reported together.
•
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
303
(d.) Exportation of all other Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, &c.—Continued.
Years.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Other ports of Africa.
Other Countries, not specified.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic
Ports.
Europe.
Continental Ports
on Baltic and
North Seas.
Total.¹
Africa.
Asia, Australasia, &c.

1868-'69.
1869-'70
$6,091
19,336
$3, 996
$5,477
$5, 109
1, 394
$158, 799 $104, 403
| |
$291, 813
1, 628
1870-'71
3, 009
$14, 883 $245, 375
83, 129
17, 232
103, 356
201, 258
3, 405
15, 010
1,756
235, 411
5, 941
1871-'72
75, 835
12, 211
65, 786
3,278
153, 706
16, 312
963
96, 918
1872-73... 10,
5,702
121, 456
10, 237
92,606
7,677
225, 709
$1,792
532
23, 504
6, 946
147, 812
1873-74 ...
178, 154
17,912
105, 188
7,724
301, 727
375
30, 021
176
171, 010
3, 143
1874-'75 ..
252, 943
217, 790
9, 967
6, 133
1,392
485, 259
30, 674
1, 371
204, 579
1875-'76.
7,915
406, 003
5, 631
212, 420
25, 499
719, 147
325
41, 428
183
136, 353
1876-'77
1877-'78...
1878-'79.
5, 480
448, 512
6, 109
212, 866
6, 189
685, 457
73, 419
1,873
3, 268
203, 353
461, 180
6,547 | 11, 427
130, 715
617, 577
972
63, 273
591
2,093
393, 821
---
4, 989
586, 965
5, 209
129, 382
763, 342
310
80, 977
3, 417
6, 680
294, 087
642, 040
174, 301
855, 022
79, 731
263, 629
Years.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
1868-'69
1869-'70
|
$3,190 $349, 681
$113, 863
4, 282
$73,483
1870-'71
116, 567
$187, 346
86, 999
$20, 672
$271, 129
62, 629
$9,317
1,992
149, 628
14, 613
164, 833
1871-'72
83, 146
128, 289
51, 602
4,736
134, 748
1,977
114, 103
20, 486
1872-'73
88, 356
176, 094
120, 324
5,349
2, 736
208, 680
149, 945
45, 851
1873-'74
133, 047
222, 738
5, 516
73, 202
2, 735
206, 249
135, 963
52, 771
1874-75
158, 436
272, 022
58, 666
7, 178
3, 661
217, 102
109, 819
62, 321
1875-'76..
115, 365
351, 212
37, 509
5, 934
2, 769
152, 874
109, 885
42, 967
1876-'77
93, 417
297, 413
26, 109
9, 059
3, 836
119, 526
37, 216
79, 233
1877-'78
39, 854
318, 246
34, 355
31, 343
1,602
120, 905
74, 209
23, 772
1878-'79
83, 912
206, 785
28, 050
22, 538
4, 662
111, 962
116, 157
60, 846
32, 830
280, 821
22, 617
83, 463
45, 308
241, 586
6, 584
12,034
1 France and Spain are included in totals for Europe, but not in preceding columns of general sum-
mary.
2 Including French and Dutch Guiana and British Honduras.
3 Except French and Dutch Guiana.
304
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Waldoborough, Me., $250, in 1876-77.
Castine, Me., $25, in 1878-79.
Years.
Years.
Passamaquod.
dy.
Machias.
Frenchman's
Bay.
(e.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood, not otherwise specified, by Districts.
[Value.]
Maine.


1855-'56
·
$19, 258
1856-'57
M
14, 060
$540
1, 223
$5,696 | $3,474
$27, 183 | $23, 652
1,765
$19, 352
$1, 047
221
$419, 657
1857-'58
6, 166
$0, 554
·
16, 377
17, 112
7,416
887
3, 282
1858-59..
5, 229
654, 183
1,687
17, 745 2,760
17,812
5,798
3, 143
399, 699
1859-'60 ...
17, 612
43, 828
1,727
52, 094
20, 035
5, 204 44, 438
430, 820
27, 217
1,567
210
1860-'61
41, 311
316
87
13, 257
509, 290
1861-'62
14, 619
688
4, 620
31, 199
8, 191
457, 299
1862-'63
5, 427
550
1863-'64
2,264
1864-'65
2,772
16
2, 640
45
1866-'67
24, 632 | 1, 726
213
5, 863
5, 260
16
1867-'68.
23, 776
2,573
121
9, 439
33
1868-'69
344
35, 907
78
4
9, 142
230
1869-'70.
1870-'71
1871-'72
3,572
12, 112
74, 176
2, 965
82
·
2,370
1, 515
1, 336
10
7,016
113
8, 365
5,288
1872-'73 ...
45
1, 310
16, 355
649
9,837
1873-'74.
1874-'75...
1875-'76..
1870-'77
1877-'78...
1, 701
17, GS8
1,701
28, 700
28, 894
2, 554
13
37, 805
783
16, 935
127
39
27, 673
950
50
10, 432
14, 983
45
528
29, 558
53
6, 214
1878-'79 ...
10, 558
100
4, 698
18
110
1,296
Maine.
N. H.
Other ports of
Maine besides
Passamaquod-
dy and Port-
land.
Total Maine.
Portsmouth.
Gloucester.
Salem and Bev-
erly.
Boston.
Massachusetts.
1855-'56...
1856-'57...
$526, 413
704, 720
$4, 410 $21, 354 $410,
1857-'58.
11, 204 13, 521
404
606, 872
$611
6,963
447, 269
4,526
1858-'59..
3,060
584, 685
4, 607
575, 247
1859-'60.
2,794
5, 697
601, 050
4, 683
1860-'61.
617, 288 $31, 210
2, 055
5,368
530, 650
5, 161
553, 710
1$60
1, 174
1861-'62.
4, 258
466, 569
722
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
$88, 674
118,319
6, 166
93, 844
440
512, 173
$527
126, 010
25, 082
33
541, 271
8,806
1864-'65.
163, 392
29, 555
26, 127
14, 169
2, 102
1866-'67
1, 419
267, 555
38, 507
150
1867-'68.
322, 287
170
8,073
33, 373
1868-'69.
281, 096
5, 704
113, 889
196
581
1869-'70..
245, 907
4, 016
•
16, 674
570
1870-'71...
1, 386
211, 528
2,367
145
1,275
9, 004
221
1871-'72...
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
1875-'76.
1876-'77..
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
146, 914
816
18, 686
74
125
195, 566
52
47, 405
902
211, 894
108
234
58, 047
52
250, 495
24
57, 363
185, 486
372
32, 957
182, 703
5
30
17, 522
189, 505
308
34, 356
213, 987
110
506
1, 200
1, 435
209,033
844
1 Edgartown.
2 Plymouth.
New Bedford.
Fall River.
Other ports of
Massachusetts.
Bath.
Portland and
Falmouth.
Saco.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
305
Years.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Years.
Total Massachu-
setts.
Providence.
Bristol and War-
ren.
(e.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood not otherwise specified, &c.-Continued.
Mass.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.

Newport.
Total Rhode
Island.
New London.
1855-'56
1856-'57
-
$436, 779
$22, 439
$28,
150
$11, 139
638, 560
$61, 722 $42, 661
37, 595
61, 060
13, 309
1857-'58.
111, 964
72, 210
596, 878
$16, 671
19, 149
1$11, 250
$70,582
17, 889
26, 251
91, 350
11, 846
1858-'59
55, 986
80, 924
$62
15, 222
614, 224
11, 276
16, 915
9, 785
96, 208
37, 976
1859-'60
11, 630
732
543, 894
11, 325
2690
11, 005 | 15, 681
24, 377
1860-'61
26, 686
20,970
73
473, 250
17,785
10, 047
18, 177
38, 828
6, 539
1861-'62
34, 763
2,475
537, 255
26, 498
28, 973
1862-'63
21, 160
570, 826
36, 224
36, 224
1863-'64
31, 912
189, 519
50, 929
50,929
1864-'65
3, 625
271, 296
1, 434
1866-'67
1, 434
144
200
330, 510
344
1867-'68
286, 996
3,335
2, 155
271
158
5, 490
429
1868-'69.
284
263
251, 219
547
1869-'70
428
216, 556
80
508
1870-'71.
866
147, 951
2, 364
3, 230
1871-'72
119
537
-
195, 743
656
1872-'73.
238
212, 904
438
676
1873-74.
1874-'75
1875-'70
1870-'77.
1877-'78
1878-79.
3, 631
250, 605
75
3, 706
5, 042
185, 888
5, 042
6, 356
-
182, 708
6, 358
-
189, 813
214, 603
211, 312
6, 137
6, 137
4, 701
4, 701
5, 143
35
56
5, 178
56
3, 193
1, 175
2150
4, 518
N. Y.
Pa.
Del.
Md.
Virginia.
N. C.
S. C.
Delaware.
Baltimore.
Richmond.
1855-'56..
$773, 783
1850-'57.
874, 713
$164, 579
209, 958
$113, 640 $8, 613 $69, 719
$78, 332
$125
1857-'58...
413, 806
193, 578
1858-59.
524, 539
253, 983
1859-'60.
114, 025
156, 614
138, 374
14, 418
71, 865
86, 283
1, 841
6, 253
35, 271
41, 524
1,590
794, 868
55, 821
55, 821
359, 874
1, 447
1860-'61.
116, 338
653, 778
32, 861
32, 861
420, 155
548
1861-62.
$341
74,750
738, 054
23, 686
$1,329
1, 441
42, 633
1,230
2, 936
23, 080
131, 670
1862-'63.
125.411
1, 274, 346
151, 104
2, 551
1863-'04.
228, 665
334, 720
5, 278
1,787
1864-'65.
1,596
495, 394
10, 026
1866-'07..
4,334
414, 253
18, 672
1867-'68..
13, 073
404, 378
6,794
6, 714
8, 410
400
1868-69..
25,977
428
747, 458
428
111, 166
·1869-'70.
33, 979
50
419, 598
50
2, 692
1870-'71.
34, 736
576
385, 971
576
55, 406
2
1871-'72.
7,877
550, 753
5, 084
6, 484
1872-73.
6, 194
10
475
620, 280
1,455
2, 601
1, 455
13, 000
1873-74.
8, 625
46
7G0, 305
120
595
24, 838
7, 134
1874-75.
2, 554
82
748
911, 439
2,794
19,095
2,794
22, 479
1875-'76.
34, 270
300
884, 155
11, 739
49, 853
12, 487
12,050
1876-'77.
13,000
28, 407
510, 232
800, 291
464
12,702
13, 166
47, 354
3, 538
85
1877-'78.
24, 370
5, 155
20
1, 053, 211
4,828
4,848
61, 461
1878-'79..
13, 251
42
7,591
1, 109, 175
10, 805 4, 424
7,593
1, 540
62, 125
19,557
1, 253
1,253
2,709
500
1, 145
220
2 Fairfield.
1 Stonington.
Newark, N. J., in 1860-'61, exported to value of $15; $72 in 1875–76.
3 Of these the principal, in recent years, is Wilmington. The values exported from this port in
1870-'71 was $6,484; in 1871-'72, $6,230;" in 1872-'73, $5,004; in 1873-74, $17,280; in 1874-75, $9,800; and
in 1875-'76, $2,008.
4Of this, $66 from Georgetown, S. C.
Of this, $1,600 from Beaufort, S. O.
6 Wilmington, ex. $50 from Pamlico.
Norfolk and
Portsmouth.
Total Virginia.
Various ports.3
Charleston, &c.
Middletown.
Now Ilaven.
Ports of Counec-
ticut.
Total Connecti-
cut.

20 FOR
306
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
1855-'56...
Years.
Years.
Savannalı, &c.
Ga.
Florida.
Saint John's.
(e.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood not otherwise specified, &c.—Continued.

Key West, &c.
Mobile.
Ala.
"La.
New Orleans, &e.
Texas (Galveston.)
Salaria (Indiano-
* (V[
Corpus Christi.
Texas.
Brazos do Santia-
go.
Paso del Norte.
1855-'56
1856-'57.
$135
$7 $19, 322 $11, 396|
936
$930
168
2142, 141
1837-'58.
620
4, 639
23, 233
1858-'59... 31, 340
3,060
16, 668
1859-'60..
1860-'61...
1861-'62...
624
3, 581
86, 746
28 24,700
11, 437
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
1864-'65
19, 641
-
10, 031
$2,100
$2,100
4, 447
1866-'67..
4, 103
$175
$77
1867-'68..
•
180
4, 496
1,697
890
1,775
1868-'69..
15
5, 863
133
448
$748
1,529
1869-'70.
175
1,774
29, 459
76
189
1870-'71...
3,072
$521
300
3, 540
2,650
36
75
1871-'72.
3, 061
34
3,206
33
2,714
63
220
63
1872-'73.
1, 805
600
8, 808
509
902
26
1873-'74.
6, 846
14
1, 457
482 4,394
17
4, 804
1, 022
74
204
9, 472
43
10, 815
1874-'75.
2,427
412
7, 616
36
459
9, 378
906
1875-'76...
41, 902
10,779
2,275
5, 221
2
55
187
6, 915
176
1876-'77...
7, 335
279
1, 213
679
310
212
2, 013
1877-'78...
315
28
653
1, 890
199
290
1, 136
4,052
1878-'79...
151|
145
1, 371
1,506
60
259
2, 457
3, 998
2,535
5, 077
6, 774
Cal.
Oreg. Wash.
Northern Frontier.
San Francisco.
14, 311
1856-'57... $19, 211
1857-'58.
15, 484
1858-'59... 45, 651
$322
700
1859-'60.
27, 957
$5,000
39,776
4,000
$150
$160
1860-'61.
24, 272
1861-'62
23, 305
40
5
1862-'63... 34, 676
1863-'64
15, 935
1, 121
32
1864-'65
5, 694
120
1866-'67
415
$736
$5, 951
21, 972
1867-'68
2, 641
28, 559
350
6, 864
18, 181
$250
8
2,979
1808'69...
36, 266
290
$152
4, 951
16, 761
41
1869-'70
4,799
21, 231
837
150
12, 765
26, 106
265
632 2,974
1870-'71. 22, 625
$43
221
9851
20, 865
52, 638
375
98
300
1871-'72
47, 309
53, 178
594
3, 770
22, 717
54, 246
1, 391
1872-'73..
85, 135
6618
827 5, 210
8, 289 108, 017
GOO
1, 135
1873-'74.
82, 535
6129
959
10, 704
7739
$822
1874-75... 76, 671
55, 694 94, 302
1,250
4, 976
6162
1, 438
6, 655
1875-'76...
90, 041
6732
6, 942
7,942
1876-'77..
83,570
3,034
10,679
1877-'78..
128, 910
8513
1, 964
3, 613
1878-'79... 133, 064
624
3, 598
9, 764
20, 503
15, 129
8,335
9, 486
2, 571
Alaska, $83 in 1866-'67; $67 in 1868-'69; $64 in 1875-'76; $261 in 1877-'78; $245 in 1878-79. Brunswick,
Ga., $1,300 in 1876-'77. Duluth, $535 in 1876-'77; $338 in 1877-'78; $957 in 1878-'79. Michigan, (Grand
Haven), $30 in 1875-'76. Milwaukee, $37 in 1858-'59. Pearl River, Miss., $71 in 1873-'74; $1,600 in 1874-75;
$1,429 in 1875-'76; $300 in 1877-'78. San Diego, Cal., $50 in 1876-'77; $750 in 1877-'78; $74 in 1878-'79. Su-
perior, Mich., $151 in 1876-'77; $377 in 1878-79.
1 Pensacola.
2 Of this, $1,825 from Teche.
4 Of this, $1,700 from Saint Mary's.
7 Of this, $600 from Michigan District.
3 Of this, $1,200 from Saint Mary's.
5 Of, this $148 from Willamette.
6 Willamette.
Of this, $263 for Willamette, and $250 for Oregon.
105
822
61,
61, 846 49, 705
400
50
1, 157
96, 798
60, 428
1, 212
72, 838
50, 784
840
105
190 53, 251
169
44, 132
74, 330
77, 307
200
225
225
Total Texas.

EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
307
1855-'56...
1856-'57
-
1857-'58
1858-59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1804-'65
1866-'67
1867-'08
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-74
1874-'75
1875-'70
1876-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
Years.
Erie.
(e.) Exportation of Manufactures of Wood not otherwise specified, &c.-Continued.
Niagara.
Buffalo Creek.
Genesee.
Northern Frontier.
Oswego.
Sackett's Har-
bor.
Cape Vincent.
Oswegatchie
(Ogdensburg).
Lake Ports of
New York.
Champlain
(Plattsburg).
Vermont (Bur-,
lington).
1855-'50.
$200 $34, 453
1856-'57.
$34, 840
$37, 753
1857-58
35, 334 | 37, 676
1, 196
$4, 905
10, 233
$50 $41, 579
$4,075
225
22, 549
5, 851
22, 090
23, 325
1858-'59.
6, 274
44
96, 200
10, 781
8, 807
9, 077
1859-'60.
3, 651
$60, 800
6, 608
2,693
$10, 073
5, 344
10, 594
5, 322
1860-'61.
178 10,962
1, 113
1, 430
6,300
165
29
9, 762
8, 600
7,371
1861-'62.
8, 047
18, 826
89
5 161
442
5, 692
1862-'03.
$37, 631
7, 315
3, 854
1863-'64.
35
29, 609
25, 075
2, 141
1864-'05.
-
1866-67
1, 285 | 15, 151
2,861
33, 093
13, 216
12, 814
2,820
5, 810
918
365
11, 951
1867-'68..
1868-'69..
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
7,967
5, 810
12, 650
2,745
670
3, 946
15, 059
1, 212
3, 168
2, 515
29, 352
100
2, 898
8, 790
15, 068
5,314
17, 527
2,868
3, 494
9, 166
12, 169
9, 155
6.778
3, 078
28, 065
•
3,030 | 10, 824
3, 938
11, 302
1871-'72.
5, 589
1, 101
10,867
2, 023
13, 609
4, 521
16, 573
8, 365
1872-'73.
20, 031
6, 906
8, 518
5, 438
9, 663
14, 119
16, 737
634
1873-74.
7, 569
8,447
5, 620
6, 480
8, 594
36, 129
16. 281
10. 248
1874-75.
4, 624
1, 029
4, 971
2, 245
10, 455
10, 528
30, 810
638
1875-76.
4, 583
7,392
2,885
3,578
6, 961
18, 317
1876-'77.
2,853
6, 181
2, 632
1,560
298
669
4,320
3, 528
14, 979
1877-78.
1878-79.
3, 839
6, 696
1,938
6, 589
1, 800
2, 03u
14, 947
720
2, 883
4, 196
1, 330
2,694
11
195
16, 355
6, 197
1,280
4, 714
282
13,296
7,517
1, 484
25,
880
4, 6_0
1, 353
Years.
General Summary by Coasts and Frontiers.

Gulf Coast.
Pacific Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
$1,095, 496
1, 546, 598
1, 196, 341
1, 251, 824
$1,016, 694
1, 170, 954
815, 522
972, 717
$1,589
5, 148
$30, 725
142, 209
$14, 311
19, 211
$228, 528
141, 934
4,843
27,872
15, 806
187, 356
4, 017
19, 728
1, 226, 696
46, 351
44, 750
1, 093, 906
688, 483
780, 117
1, 303, 941
1, 192, 710
995, 135
4, 108
90, 327
27,957
49, 397
28
16, 137
24, 272
36, 564
23, 305
1, 656, 066
48, 845
19, 641
201,983
34, 675
343, 374
57, 946
12, 131
15, 935
287, 243
49, 161
509, 751
4, 447
374, 528
5, 814
452, 742
44, 649
400
4, 103
415
320, 916
76, 607
439, 193
180
4, 671
366, 045
28, 909
892, 653
92, 367
15
7,637
236, 460
36, 623
114, 830
457, 602
2
33, 005
22, 018
157, 611
449, 254
106, 048
6, 794
5, 856
22, 889
215, 179
563, 480
137, 051
13, 679
2, 777
51, 081
264, 015
157, 898
632, 104
7,216
10,865
-
313, 694
86, 580
215, 790
790, 491
27, 655
15, 690
249, 609
83, 623
240, 558
977, 291
24, 709
19, 995
221, 802
78, 271
988, 581
191, 721
10, 595
214, 831
212, 036
97, 715
876, 948
230, 483
3, 619
4, 427
254, 137
86, 654
1, 135, 516
188, 740
3, 613
8, 222
227, 893
131, 387
1, 145, 214
179, 878
3, 224
9, 651
137, 005
177, 004
1 From Now England to Virginia inclusive.
2 Including El Paso.
308
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Austria, 1860-'61, $150.
Districts.
Passamaquoddy.
Machias..
Wiscasset.
Bangor
2. WINDOW-SASH AND BLINDS, 1863-'64 AND 1864-'65.

Ports of Maine besides Passa-
maquoddy
Boston
New Haven
Ports of Connecticut
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
Districts.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
$860
Philadelphia
$230
12
Baltimore
1, 474
67
New Orleans
1,259
$2, 624
440
339
San Francisco
14, 596
Sandusky
7, 464
26
$671
32, 898
Genesee.
5
42, 672
303
Total...
51, 749
59, 812
621
3. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE EXPORTED FROM 1854-'55 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Total Values annually.

Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
1854-'55....
$803, 960
1855-'56..
982, 043
1856-'57.
879, 448
1863-'64..
1864-'65
1865-'66
-
1857-'58..
932, 499
1866-'07
1858-'59.
1, 067, 197
1867-'68
1, 199, 160
$1, 389, 302
2, 115, 798
1, 138, 104
150, 787
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74.
1874-75
1875-'76
•
•
$1,493, 679
1,727, 764
1,882, 767
=
1, 711, 760
1, 574, 935
1859-60.
1, 079, 114
1808-'69
1, 202, 486
1870-'77 .
1, 700, 413
1860-61.
838, 049
1869-'70..
1, 245, 886
1861-'62
1862-'03.
942, 454
1,282, 008
1870-'71
1, 110, 091
1877-'78...
1878-'79.
1, 961, 522
Years.
1,804, 296
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, 1854-55 to 1867 -'68.


Denmark and Colo-
nies.
Argentine Republic.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central America.
Chili.
China.
Denmark.
Danish West
Indies.
1854-'55.
$81, 290
$100
1855-'56
28, 896
2, 077
$30, 455
25, 106
1856-'57
$6, 866
5, 323
$31, 780
58, 538
32, 813
26
25, 938
085
1857-'58
77, 598
$1,037
452
·
39, 045
587
24, 884
1858-'59
1, 670
32, 622
70, 105
3, 133
190
45, 077
771
1859-'60
53, 298
62, 601
6, 402
369
50, 210
605
1860-'61
64, 029
20, 240
69, 443
330
32,038
$60
$8,991
8, 256
18, 046
8,057
7, 004
14, 495
1,271
1861-'62
28, 041
14, 870
25, 774
6, 111
25
17, 996
1862-63
4, 571
25, 514
218, 809
56, 906
1, 850
(3)
43, 657
(3)
1863-'64
7,796
30, 014
2
169, 202
61, 688
(3)
48, 660
(3)
17, 734
1864-'65
89, 388
77, 912
238, 363
(3)
3,500
(3)
57, 059
1865-'66
4, 040
98, 705
13, 419
91, 739
6
30, 079
21, 231
2,708
1806-'67
17, 171
9, 712
132, 265
3, 450
41, 044
8,527
1867-'68
238, 326
30, 718
44, 555
83, 859
232
6, 515
7, 424
25, 264
¹Including Uruguay.
2 China and Japan.
8 Not separately reported.
Bolivia, 1865-'66, $130.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
309
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Denmark
and Colo-
nies.
France and French Colonies.
Years.
France.
French Colonies.

1854-'55
$9,051
$2,229
$2, 386
$672
1855-'56
$3,058
$505
$503
8, 256
$783
500
6, 079
875
6, 954
11
654
1856-'57
1, 226
18, 046
2, 617
5, 941
527
6, 468
1857-'58
8, 097
1, 309
551
544
1, 280
3, 934
1858-'59
3, 934
289
834
800
7,004
1, 710
10, 569
531
11, 100
508
1859-'60
1, 244
390
14, 495
920
9, 070
151
1860-'61
9, 221
75
648
360
6, 111
2,503
40
2, 543
387
1861-'62
614
450
9, 168
(1)
6, 816
1862-'63
214, 070
(1)
·
11, 272
(1)
1863-'64
14, 361
22,356
(1)
10, 325
(¹)
(1)
14, 323
25.519
1864-'65
(1)
•
21, 231
(¹)
3, 013
200
3, 213
1865-'66
7,899
287
8, 527
2,374
6,238
4, 175
10, 413
1866-'67
4, 515
558
2, 103
7,424
950
29, 036
150
1867-'67
29, 186
2, 694
882
25, 264
2, 053
13, 528
13, 528
4,332
999
2, 164

Years.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Germany.
Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Scotland.
1854-'55
1855-'56
-
$1,791
$1, 849
$4, 645
$575
1, 891
$5, 220
8, 845
1856-57
1,606
2,223
3,829
2, 404
8,872
48, 341
10,922
$275
1857-158
2,257
4,383
6, 640
1, 919
5, 853
1858-'59
6, 838
9, 068
45
185
7, 023
$60
2, 202
5, 633
1859-'60
13, 302
27
1,348
311
1,659
507
1, 560
1860-'61
10, 781
6, 294
2, 149
2,246
235
490
1, 891
2, 481
10, 568
4, 434
1861-'62
30
3,328
729
759
(3)
4, 070
10, 207
313
10, 946
1862-63
(3)
7,922
12, 356
(1)
26, 717
(1)
1863-64
•
(3)
11, 913
5, 519
(1)
19, 842
(1)
1864-'65
600
593
11, 153
1865-'66
14, 366
(4)
1,354
11, 558
1,075
12, 912
7, 176
29, 867
17,589
1866-'67
21, 361
465
2, 195
2,919
23, 556
8,752
15, 819
1867-'68.
37, 938
250
2,635
2, 055
1,050
8, 536
4, 690
22, 064
22, 152
1, 790
3,597
5, 387
20,470
1 Not separately reported.
2 French West Indies and Colonies.
3 Including Uruguay.
310
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
British Posses-
sions in Africa.
British
East
Indies.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Ireland.
Total Great
Britain.
Gibraltar.
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Malta.
British West
Indies.
1854-'55..
$8, 616
1855-'56..
$490
10, 922
1856-'57..
9, 113
1857-'58..
5, 660
1, 192
2,738
537
$200
3, 106
2,725
$10, 099
$2, 319
$182, 601
$87, 394
10, 296
3, 800
323, 338
77,718
$881
670
7,701
1,742
184, 224
69, 105
1858-'59..
850
3, 393
$22
15, 293
8, 465
1,585
2, 304
183, 566
41, 250
1, 180
1859-'60..
15, 884
13, 896
1,570
1860-'61..
4, 797
136, 765
100, 956
145
31, 566
10, 665
6, 891
907
123, 251
76, 877
1861-'62
1,706
(1)
17, 042
14, 467
1, 709
(¹)
124, 250
72, 078
1862-'63..
(¹)
344
2,755
2,212
(1)
30, 585
26, 796
(2)
1863-'64..
(1)
254, 460
(3)
(2)
(1)
46, 213
29, 510
(2)
179, 308
(1)
(3)
(3)
1864-65..
71, 663
30, 332
(2)
7,529
237, 920
(3)
1865-'66..
94, 968
16, 069
10, 183
3, 508
220, 828
108, 289
7,056
1866-'67..
37, 456
22, 152
4, 213
128, 845
1867-'68..
4,851
61, 340
596
1,949
22, 878
20, 470
2,792
80, 367
500
109, 293
1, 690
4, 187
25, 725
4, 996
98, 725
72, 783
3, 653
Australia.
Total British
Colonies.
Total.
1854-55..
1855-'56..
1856-'57.. 19, 621
$12, 590
14, 323
$10, 465 $103, 517 $410, 556
| |
$419, 172
5, 400
$13, 894
77,857
$742
517, 701
528, 623
8, 931
16, 967
90, 660
1857-'58..
390, 840
$2, 156
6, 462
$826
692
40, 043
399, 953
11, 500
14, 823
200
141, 462
3, 781
1858-'59..
437, 266
456
442, 926
57, 665
15, 191
7, 105
74, 355
8,988
1859-'60.. 24, 641
396, 948
3,000
$90
405, 413
14, 846
8, 155
95, 251
6, 100
3,087
1860-'61.. 21, 867
374, 184
1, 896
388, 080
6, 840
19, 950
78, 460
8, 650
4,083
1861-'62.. 23, 240
327, 071
1,044
337, 736
16, 768
(4)
134, 885
1, 051
1862-'63.. 32, 639
413, 870
3, 440
4, 454
458, 337
528, 710
(4)
207, 133
(1)
(1)
1863-'64..
465, 293
(1)
29, 253
492, 089
(4)
546, 903
139, 535
(1)
1864-'65.. 28, 313
240, 451
(¹)
269, 961
33, 604
650, 427
159, 091
(1)
1865-'66..
667, 265
(¹)
697, 597
13, 616
3,500
49, 953
143, 728
3,637
21, 047
1866-'67
406, 692
422, 761
3, 503
ฐ
9, 262
38, 470
357
91, 322
2, 611
7,261
1867-'68..
336, 897
4, 042
359, 049
13, 425
25,495
2, 078
391
136, 873
1,664
710
367, 604
388, 074
19, 255
55
6, 346
1, 342
Ionian Republic, 1857-'58, $220.
British North American Provinces on Pacific, 1864-'65, $14,904; 1865-'66, $7,495; 1866-'67, $1,992;
1867-'68, $1,246.
Greece, 1858-'59, $667.
Falkland Islands, 1865–'66, $1,042.
1 Not separately reported.
2 Included with British West Indies.
3 Included with Canada.
4 Included with Australia.
5 Hayti and San Domingo.
Hayti.
Holland.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Dutch West Indies.
Dutch Guiana.
British Hon-
duras.
Canada.
Other British North
American
Prov.
inces on Atlantic.
British Guiana.
1
•
t
f



EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
311
Years.
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
Italy.
1854-'55..
$668
$4,392
1855-'56
2,213
9, 367
1856-'57..
$410
8, 251
12, 688
$330
1857-'58..
5 641
$290
10
1858-'59.
2,210
11, 397
$5, 599
130
1859-'60..
1,177
14, 954
1860-'61..
•
4, 581
13, 526
250
1861-'62..
2,000
(4)
22, 259
1862-'63..
(1)
19, 701
1863-'64.
(1)
23, 924
1864-'65.. 24, 033
52, 220
1865-'66..
17, 175
31, 089
1866-'67..
1,762
4, 527
1867-'68..
6, 693
14, 436
Japan.
Mexico.
New Grenada.
Peru.
Portugal.
Azores.
$261
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
115
13, 531
1, 200
Cape de Verde
Islands.
Madeira.
1854-55..
1855-'56..
$9,708
$8,977
$10, 040
$20
$959
18,739
21, 133
$979
56, 222
$203
1,903
1856-'57..
$410
28, 522
15, 974
21, 804
44
1857-'58..
16, 357
18, 339
2,576
44
15, 416
69
1858-'59..
751
11,091
14,902
43, 600
426
1859-'60..
841
$220
24, 683
33, 323
36, 406
165
1860-'61..
48
1,399
15, 124
26, 273
25, 218
1861-'62.. (2)
1, 842
710
34, 267
43, 763
16, 544
1862-'63..
(1)
(4)
(2)
72, 989
33, 908
53, 894
1863-64.. (2)
(4)
(4)
163, 192
369,546
26, 040
1864-'65..
(4)
802
278, 509
(4)
55, 166
47, 407
1865-'66.. 1, 645
752
219
73, 720
25, 300
31 115
397
1866-67..
1, 163
130
8,926
29, 029
34, 777
33, 588
820
1,267
1, 564
2, 552
621
2, 600
2, 338
971
1, 690
1867-'68..
2, 653
6, 940
51, 626
1,273
53, 819
89, 884
3, 926
25
2, 242
932
1, 109
Not separately reported.
Honduras, 1867-'68, $681.
Nicaragua, 1866-'67, $2,727; 1867-'68, $2,463.
Not separately reported.
2 Reported with China.
3 New Granada and Venezuela
Costa Rica, 1866–'67, $28.
Ecuador, 1866-'67, $950.
Total.
$410
6, 219
10
130
2,250
1, 319
319
157
5, 456


312
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
*
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.

Spain.
Spanish Colonies.
Porto Rico.
1854-'55..
1855-'56..
$3,592
393
$11, 603
$69
$515
$584
12, 448
664
137
1856-'57..
$845
801
77
6, 927
$1,513
2, 689
$55, 997
$20, 339
109, 598
719
1857-'58..
1,438
14, 824
971
2, 157
1, 432
450
7, 758
107, 422
62
1858-'59..
1, 110
23,826
1,202
270
5, 468
2,008
192, 270
137
1859-'60..
120
31, 608
1, 100
2.57
3,984
4, 129
9, 083
279, 987
275
1860-'61..
302
28, 899
826
577
4, 286
2, 877
3,970
233, 444
100
29, 968
1861-'62..
465
565
20
(1)
4, 443
3,910
(2)
156, 691
15, 520
1862-'03..
(2)
63
6, 676
3, 128
(2)
182,900
(2)
(3)
1863-'64..
(2)
3, 441
(1)
19, 556
(2)
245, 251
(2)
(3)
1864-'65..
247
10, 136
4, 676
(2)
6, 249
205, 445
1865-'66..
(2)
(3)
944
(2)
1, 696
3, 215
6, 876
15,760
428, 172
(2)
75, 416
1866-'67..
(2)
391
779
981
27, 668
13, 849
189, 053
2,000
43, 666
1867-'68..
419
1,930
2, 419
9, 079
5,552
1,300
158, 341
28, 196
255
2,555
13, 749
125, 628
23, 491
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Sweden and Norway
and Swedish West
Indies.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Turkish Possessions.

1854-55..
1855-'56..
1850-'57..
1857-'58..
1858-59..
1859-'60..
$200
$78, 019
$78, 633
$77
150
$75
127, 261
128, 062
$3,603
$3,678
45
1, 602
5,100
136, 798
2, 680
138, 955
4, 282
293
225, 886
1, 905
11, 080
257, 088
$1,258
14, 249
530
313, 015
4,808
4, 016
313, 272
3, 440
12, 264
242
428
1,070
268, 452
269, 029
10, 180
3,400
14, 008
1860-'61..
144
1,325
2, 180
176, 121
15, 686
$925
37
1861-'62..
182, 900
3,910
189, 576
3,300
200
7, 210
3,705
1862-'63..
4848
(2)
245, 251
248, 692
(2)
(2)
5, 091
1863-'64..
(2)
205, +45
(2)
215, 581
(2)
16, 454
422
1864-'65..
(2)
510, 464
(2)
512, 160
(2)
6, 939
1865-'66..
246, 568
10, 118
247, 347
10, 128
1866-'67..
92
958
192, 089
11, 733
201, 508
1867-'68..
162, 868
5, 070
163, 123
1,000
2, 382
175
12, 691
6, 070
2, 557
¹ Reported with Hayti.
2 Not separately reported.
3 Reported with Cuba.
4 Sweden, Norway and Swedish West Indies.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
313
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'68
1863-'04
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68 ..
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Years.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
"Other Ports in
Africa.
"Other Islands
in Pacific."
"Whale Fisher-
ies.
$20, 531
$6, 323
$4,269
14, 828
$250
12, 894
20, 217
14, 963
9, 446
5,739
3, 300
6, 304
$1,469
14, 317
9, 370
13, 181
11, 430
6, 537
279
159
25, 903
4, 732
13, 074
300
29, 683
3, 789
3,783
8,723
1, 005
7,658
310
30, 472
7, 198
1.725
(¹)
(2)
7,496
2, 089
20, 173
27, 213
16, 480
13, 002
4, 248
9, 299
4, 946
1, 558
2, 640
12, 578
4, 647
25, 579
5,695
9, 742
6, 478
384
(c.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries. (Values.)

1868-'69
$194, 713
1869-'70
163, 200
1870-'71
$10, 229
1,262
$14, 263
35, 594
74, 909
$8,485
1,297
$139, 833
$15, 415
$8, 612
148, 255
14, 288
1871-'72
55, 710
8,088
5, 207
57, 467
86, 316
$10
13, 595
126
10, 240
1872-'73
47, 391
9, 546
265, 748
84, 599
1873-'74
1, 200
15, 810
14, 586
28, 511
16, 221
265, 076
150, 638
260
3, 237
1874-'75
27, 296
17, 746
8, 031
73, 601
144, 553
6, 207
596
1875-'76
28, 197
11, 378
78, 513
10, 057
129, 595
3, 675
4, 404
315, 452
1876-'77
17, 123
11,508
16, 400
67, 621
5, 304
1877-'78
2,575
32, 132
7,032
22, 292
73, 702
79, 266
2,045
1878-'79
4, 607
54, 631
15, 196
78, 502
20, 303
46, 602
4, 676
3,003
55, 053
48, 105
34, 636
30, 414
6, 334
12, 608
France and French Colonies.

Years.
French Colonies.

1868-'69
$15, 048
1869-'70
$7, 831
25, 681
8, 869
$3,970
1870-'71
2, 630
5, 791
3, 213
$11, 801
12, 082
$26, 849
37, 763
1871-'72
9, 296
1872-'73
10, 164
2,860
8, 631
11, 281
10, 284
2,374
1873-'74
$3,446
12, 540
44, 839
$6, 633
21, 836
$192
1, 319
1874-'75
2, 937
11, 590
26, 181
5, 909
21, 874
1, 074
2. 655
1875-'76
3, 174
12, 575
6, 772
57, 414
13, 327
460
2, 133
1876-'77
2, 103
12, 539
5,756
38, 720
25, 569
1,030
2, 549
1877-'78
3, 721
11, 438
32, 462
7, 688
24, 765
2, 053
1, 247
1878-'79 .
3, 671
14,709
25, 507
10, 795
40, 278
1, 754
1, 252
3,216
17, 472
5, 871
49, 934
82
2,849
13, 347
38, 854
French Guiana, $1,329 in 1878-'79.
¹ Reported with Argentine Republic.
2 Reported with New Granada.
3 Of this, $49 was to Denmark.
4Of this, $139 was to Denmark
314
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
Years.
1868-'69
1869-'70
-
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-79.
Gibraltar.
Years.
Bremen.
(c.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Great Britain.
Hamburg.
North Germany.
Total.
England.
Scotland.
$1, 582
$5, 235
8,702
1, 374
$6,817
10, 076
$25, 976
30, 823
$1,200
4,576
$6, 055
6, 055
$27, 176
35, 399
25, 764
20, 833
38, 016
$32
63, 186
46, 629
36, 695
45, 670
99, 881
32, 405
26, 999
54
45, 144
59, 458
29, 881
29, 216
40, 743
59, 100
84, 284
23, 195
80,698
108, 179
75, 164
70, 975
108, 649
226, 837
97, 122
38, 158
95, 711
135, 280
115, 708
47,427
66, 775
163, 135
110, 640
41, 292
1,000
152, 932
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
1868-'69
$438
$155, 202
1869-'70
$19, 477
1, 707
179, 388
36, 321
$14,
534
1870-'71
2, 190
293, 289
23, 403
1871-'72
272, 175
1872-'73
34, 959
35, 286
35, 381
537
35 324
1873-'74
$155, 435
136
$101, 228
$19,
1874-'75
207, 645
139, 221
832
338
11, 295
$13, 789
38, 187
12, 860
40, 530
1875-'76
269, 208
162, 757
16, 899
26, 575
34, 216
1876-'77
223, 340
105, 401
10, 322
765
28,226
43, 854
1877-'78
281, 246
134, 036
2,366
24, 335
18, 870
1878-'79
293, 990
27, 042
248, 574
1, 314
10, 571
21, 081
45, 560
264, 241
78, 620
12, 323
26, 858
49, 842
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
1868-'69
$12, 694
1869-'70
1870-'71
$12, 694
13, 233
$4,363
134, 967
$249, 402
$276, 578
230, 902
266, 301
1871-'72
22, 642
60, 456
1, 475
436, 361
482, 990
1872-'73
27, 860
$8,808
125, 008
1873-'74
$2, 219
$480
497, 341
71, 433
597, 222
153, 903
-
5, 109
564, 877
4, 181
500
624, 335
1874-'75
70, 929
265, 940
600
5,995
5, 995
818, 503
2,787
877, 603
1875-'76
52, 407
235, 643
5,000
1, 450
834, 764
1876-'77
13, 465
1877-'78
489
1,226
4, 023
942, 943
70, 771
257, 265
1, 622
751, 691
978, 528
57,844
211, 412
11, 367
4, 133
771, 863
1878-'79
1,823
907, 143
62, 484
274, 407
8, 390
957
1, 592
976, 456
1, 139, 591
110, 716
292, 460
848, 313
1, 001, 245
Newfoundland,
Labrador, &c.
British Colum-
bia.
British West In-
dies and Hon-
duras.
Ireland.
Total.


EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
315
Years.
Years.
Liberia.
Years.
Greece.
Hayti and San Do-
mingo.
(c.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Hayti.
Holland.
Holland and Colonies.

Dutch West
Indies.
1868-'69..
1869-'70.
$3,150
$8, 410
$3,931
$15, 491
$170
$7,595
1870-'71.
2, 100
9, 937
753
12, 790
175
15, 440
1871-'72..
50
11, 373
2,300
13, 723
727
8, 043
1872-'73.
$32,
813
50
11, 357
280
$480
$10, 188
11, 687
374
23, 022
1873-'74.
43, 183
2, 140
19, 163
1, 285
22,588
62
30, 737
1874-'75.
48, 073
"?
12, 530
14, 356
14, 356
2,658
47, 804
6, 874
1875-'76.
60, 774
52, 220
13, 080
65, 300
96
8, 255
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
56, 162
5, 501
12, 777
200
18, 538
165
4, 665
40, 446
13, 111
12, 658
6,748
32, 517
5, 425
4, 798
34, 663
6, 157
12, 789
2, 404
21, 350
24, 609
1, 216
3, 437
8, 984
17,866
1, 018
30, 893
666
2, 358
Mexico.
Peru.
Portugal.
Portugal and Colonies.
Portugueso
Colonies.
1868-69.
$113
1869-70..
$36, 161
44, 170
$70, 632 $1, 701
114, 185
3
1870-'71.
$1,705
3,253
841
11, 373
83, 119
1871-'72.
3,032
401
41, 718
$3,406
3, 256
3,032 $5,500
147, 788
1872-'73.
3, 176
8, 985
12, 161
1,798
37, 005
52, 856
45
1873-74...
4, 633
4, 678
272
261
64, 837
$5,500
272
54, 947
1874-75...
2, 832
2, 832
509
16,000
52, 222
1875-'76.
46, 333
30
3,226
1, 529
3, 256
$704
249
16,704
47, 044
249
14, 945
119
1876-'77.
4, 881
1, 023
5,000
90
90
44, 408
57, 699
471
1877-78.
5, 136
5, 610
370
1, 618
61, 025
370
1878-'79.
28, 580
630
6, 519
7, 149
2, 311
62, 858
501
501
43, 728
133
6, 393
6, 526
289
289
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
1868-'69.
$13, 507
1869-'70.
15, 166
1870-71.
$600
1,036
$64, 988
$18, 063
17, 707
22, 758
17, 915
1871-72.
1, 204
$5, 235
13, 478
$88, 286
$88, 886
53, 943
46, 773
54, 979
$10, 194
30, 420
16,759
2, 646
6, 173
79, 839
1872-73.
52, 885
12, 682
14, 591
35, 586
81, 043
1,530
1873-74.
2,071
90, 001
73, 285
96, 174
8, 916
23, 280
5, 824
1874-75..
3, 439
$4, 457
101, 022
25, 914
103, 093
16, 564
12, 014
4, 701
6, 319
1875-'70.
1, 172
42, 629
70, 910
46,068
11, 945
19, 850
2, 820
10, 939
2,800
1876–77.
40
96, 380
66, 266
97, 552
3,986
14, 714
1,892
22, 195
-
1877-'78.
315
82.872
73, 137
6, 453
23, 581
82, 912
3, 813
43, 587
1,582
1878-79...
78
102, 113
79, 627
10,408
18, 152
102, 428
53, 264
4,936
2,808
4, 020
67, 802
105, 523
20, 127
105, 601
2,451
90, 380
94, 400
Total.
Baltic Ports.
Asiatic.
Total
Russia.
Dutch East
Indies.
Total.
Italy.
Japan.


316
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
(c.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Foreign Countrics, &c.—Continued.

Years.
Turkey and Possessions.

1868-'69
1869-'70.
$6, 966
$47, 091
$36, 905
1870-71..
8, 394
21, 065
60, 382
$10, 168
2,838
2,425
1871-72...
22, 076
27, 806
3, 813
1872-'73.
4, 726
93, 283
108, 784
$100
5, 251
$3,191
1873-'74.
3, 201
112, 091
$4, 167
5, 991
1,857
437
116, 099
375
13, 839
375
$139
1874-75.
83, 318
57, 692
1, 887
24, 091
1, 887
1875-'76.
65, 029
$1, 466
31, 271
1, 434
21, 776
1, 434
2, 041
1876-'77
69, 312
1, 622
15, 256
40, 084
207
838
207
1877-'78.
1878-79.
71, 774
8
26, 742
54, 181
50
192
78, 339
35, 656
33, 178
100
100
2,000
913
65, 012
45, 726
25, 654
5, 104
710
380
Years.
General Classification by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
West Indies.3
1868-'69
1860-'70
$7, 136
$29, 583
$20, 296
$72,663
8, 569
37, 106
$13, 107
$57, 505
1870-71
13, 438
$1,705
85,830
$154, 795
-
3, 152
13, 233
48, 619
180, 614
1871-'72
11, 605
3,253
67, 410
124, 510
5, 110
23, 483
103, 057
102, 309
1872-73
38, 192
3,032
31, 828
181, 991
642
28, 261
60, 040
182, 414
8,985
1873-74
49, 282
122, 319
192, 745
3, 033
73, 537
59, 236
52, 772
1874-75
61, 404
9, 090
171, 950
236, 789
73, 731
96
109, 041
200, 290
1875-76
41, 069
7, 533
177, 559
167, 090
55, 417
165
146, 258
265, 500
1876-77
89, 934
6, 046
249, 684
237, 619
76, 060
·
-
5, 425
284, 409
136, 519
4,881
1877-78
1878-79
124, 720
218, 506
292, 548
66, 510
1,216
166, 128
250, 623
106, 084
7, 130
306, 568
203, 734
67,856
666
154, 240
333, 856
80, 568
11, 455
265, 007
216, 005
406, 279
65, 912
8, 844
209, 133
Years.
General Classification by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$333, 140
$210, 465
1870-'71
283, 079
$543, 605
$44,646
$174, 679
262, 440
$29, 203
545, 519
45, 467
215, 709
184, 314
1871-'72
169, 435
31, 551
353, 749
16, 580
-
312, 156
316, 692
1872-'73.
234, 387
13, 154
546, 543
51, 204
1873-'74
545, 096
307, 134
203, 494
14, 505
748, 590
53, 226
1874-75
462, 582
293, 236
1, 938
199, 500
662, 082
72, 868
1875-'76
225, 870
433, 258
175, 928
3,255
401, 798
62, 279
225, 288
498, 613
1876-'77
82, 566
8,095
307, 854
58, 552
-
1877-'78
214, 694
372, 392
136, 956
2, 557
351, 650
66,700
1878-'79.
286, 873
458, 487
75, 182
3, 021
362, 527
81, 328
278, 337
577, 887
74, 142
4, 500
357, 583
97, 494
385, 257
29, 527
¹ Of this, $114 were to Turkish Africa.
2 This column includes France and Spain, which are not included in the preceding columns.
3 Including British Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
Sweden and Norway, $385 in 1876-'77; $70 in 1877-'78; $205 in 1878-'79.
Dutch Guiana, $3,025 in 1878-'79.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
317
Years.
Salem and Bev-
erly.
Marblehead.
Years.
Passamaquoddy.
Machias.
Bangor.
(d.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Districts.

Maine.
N. H. Massachusetts.

Belfast.
Bath.
Portland.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
*
$32, 577
$170
15,753
$36 $1, 858 $34, 641
$112
$111
227
3,066
19, 046
4
10, 606
464
$218
1858-'59
4, 623
14, 811
10
17, 637
149
1859-'60
14, 429
$454
291
1,345
19, 436
410
057
1860-'61
1, 562
16, 282
317
-
14, 783
553
1861-'62
15, 036
10,379
148
1862-'63
14, 736
696 |¹11, 182
1863-'64
958 116, 336
17, 665
1864-'65
1, 050119, 787
8
24, 076
278
1866-'67
2, 187
1,557
28, 454
14
83, 493
1867-'68
1, 245
34, 738
i2, 959
60
352
768
30
780
1868-'69
14, 895
6, 581
55
$172
5
5
1869-'70
6, 638
5,170
13, 284
1, 373
358
33
1870-'71
4, 546
8,790
11, 480
1, 664
419
40
1871-'72
6, 414
15, 663
19, 337
7
150
348
1872-'73
20, 537
19, 835
211
341
1873-'74
15, 795
-
37, 154
41, 673
6
1874-'75
-
30, 129
37, 154
15
15
1875-'76
1, 116
31, 275
15, 953
31
135
1876-'77
25, 738
22, 858
41, 826
1877-'78
5, 248
28, 106
88, 603
50
1878-'79
21, 579
1, 225
89, 878
300
1
1, 973
24, 275
Boston.
Massachusetts.
New Bedford.
Total
Massa-
chusetts.
Providence, &c.
R. I.
1855-'56
1856-'57
$10, 849
$273, 796
1837-'58
=
2, 382
3, 125
$15
327, 539
$763
$284, 756
321, 163
$2, 102
$612
$612
$252, 003
336
03
63
278, 572
5
328, 654
265
332, 198
1858-'59
2, 028
1, 020
1, 020
331, 281
11, 290
360, 560
710
873, 525
1859-'60
3,785
1, 144
-
16, 268
1, 669
425, 894
4
304, 560 1,759
322, 908
1,000
1860-'61
2,787
1, 928
3, 941
527,491
50
243, 814
801
246, 741
1861-'62
370 $213
2, 620
2,833
289, 450
2295, 083
172
1862-'63
1, 623
387, 806
3373, 583
405, 188
2408, 712
1863-'64
402, 519
2406, 709
740
1864-'65
2,220
2, 151
3 662, 607
3698, 245
617, 130
346
617, 476
730
1806-'67
680
2, 328
1, 410
1, 164, 702
390, 341
1, 565
391,966
338
1867-'68
2,020
2,358
488, 746
399, 425
1,384
403, 209
1868-'69
955
955
1, 432
621, 099
452, 501
521
1869-'70
453, 082
233
323
556
4, 260
567, 481
49
448, 720
203
454, 956
1870-'71
318
318
500
600, 520
301, 509
426
1871-'72
32, 502
734
545
330, 510
1, 219
1, 953
524, 910
395
331, 661
466
1872-'73
655
1, 121
872, 439
377,865 1,244
379, 115
250
1873-'74
65
713
778
458
1,057, 228
50
461, 678
5, 052
467, 238
17
1874-'75
66
980
1, 046
721
1,022, 480
13
401, 033
103
401, 901
100
1875-'70
100
607
300
883, 754
323,294
5
324, 206
500
265
1870-'77
265
222
871, 597
337, 005
271
337, 498
334
1877-'78
334
361, 202
946, 796
31
1878-'79
361, 233
395
395
251, 639 1,207
252, 846
1, 097, 721
50
99
99
1, 110, 884
¹ Ports of Maine other than Passamaquoddy and Portland, viz, $107 in 1861-'62; $642 in 1862-'63; and
$1,072 in 1863-'64, are included in these totals.
2 Ports of Massachusetts other than Boston, viz, $5,833 in 1861-'62; $3,524 in 1862-'63; and $4,100 in
1863-64, are included in these totals.
3 Lake Ports of New York, viz, $138,275 in 1861-'02; $46,517 in 1862-'63; and $52,016 in 1863-'64, in ad-
dition to these values.
New London.
New Haven.
Connecticut.
Total Connecti-
cut.
New York.
N.Y. (Sea-
board.)
Total Maine.
Portsmouth.
Newburyport.
Gloucester.
318
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Districts-Continued.
Pa.
Md.
Va.
S. C. Ga. Fla. La.
Tex.

1855-'56
$24, 684
$44, 223
$420
1856-'57
21, 466
31, 582
$8,848
738
1857-'58
24, 274
22, 704
4, 257
2,860
1858-'59
23, 595
3, 894
27, 153
1, 325
1859-'60
$2,376
16, 212
2, 953
27, 985
1, 537
1860-'61
15, 321
4, 985
16,745
$5
1861-'62
7, 132
1, 015
10, 069
1862-'63
9, 236
13, 313
1863-'54
13, 444
28, 962
21, 905
1864-'65
12, 426
29, 176
6, 938
1866-'67
4, 249
26, 347
4, 446
450
1867-'68
$1,861
16, 077
8, 969
2,824
$838
$336
1868-'69
5, 050
15, 216
241
3, 513
42
1869-'70
2, 014
3, 181
3, 434
2, 060
200
$401
1870-'71
6, 569
$100
2, 122
230
9, 291
632
1871-'72
535
8, 588
810
6, 365
277
876
1872-'73
2, 997
3, 357
30
15, 188
51
3, 051
1,050
1, 490
850
1873-'74
400
·
2, 613
5, 226
11, 567
1, 021
338
11
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
110
11, 431
4, 953
236
6, 889
125
550
31
658
**
7,407
13, 053
4, 274
5,705
90
•
278
160
326
2,286
303
9, 407
1, 722
1, 352
527
15
130
2,778
44
5, 857
996
3, 944
62
3,872
221
1,795
4, 716
11, 467
9, 884
35
76
2,972
2, 359
1, 234
8,850
1,382
2, 644
Years.
Brazos de San-
tiago.
Paso del Norte.
Tex.
Total Texas.
San Francisco.
Cal.
Oreg. Wash.
Oregon and Wil-
lamette.
Puget Sound.
Minnesota (Pem-
bina).
Northern Frontier.

Chicago.
Huron (Port Hu-
ron).
Detroit.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
$6, 319
6, 280
-
13, 153
1858-'59
50, 415
1859-'60
33, 247
1860-'61
$275
$5,975
6, 145
21, 505
11, 700
$100
27, 285
197
1861-'62
54, 999
1862-'63
73,928
18, 100
7,300
118, 350
1863-'64
$270
$270❘ 87,037
2500
1864-'65
30, 404
134, 099
1866-'67
1, 174
22, 621
1867-'68
533
1,050
970
117, 895
2, 581
2, 864
2,725
20, 544
$3,394
35, 954
295
1868-'69
4,823
2, 652
5,424
30, 277
58, 409
20, 589
1869-'70
1, 890
$600
6, 789
$220
$464
2, 122
8, 115
47, 642
25, 685
21, 960
284
1870-'71
100
168
15,922
200
17,075 | 44, 705
46, 408
1871-'72
1, 222
24, 191
500
3, 540
1, 682
550
5, 111
77, 352
76, 084
129
01, 560
1872-'73
1, 040
2,167
11, 602
255
1, 510
14, 501
29, 530
45, 167
1873-'74
2, 350
85,409
1, 025
5, 905
24, 643
98
26, 623
1,000
24, 354
39, 548
65, 219
1, 110
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1, 331
7,753
-
19, 912
64
21, 418
54, 182
1, 036
4, 450 | 47, 531
95, 681
4,754
-
16, 487
7,928
2,685
600
17, 917
63, 185
71, 092
1, 939
83, 220
3, 091
5,757
7,108
175
10, 669
58, 203
68, 226
76, 943
780
1, 371
9, 744
-
-
7, 423
12, 789
84, 917
4,685 | 48, 044
1878-'79
1, 662
95, 343
6, 495
10, 521 110, 804
460
2, 342
2, 549
11, 615
2, 666 | 48, 601
83, 402
1, 828
1,675
47, 736
81, 477
¹ Lake Ports of Michigan.
2 Oregon and Washington Territory.
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
319
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Household Furniture by Districts-Continued.
Cuyahoga (Cleve-
land).
Niagara (Supe-
rior).
Buffalo Creek.
Genesce (Roches-
ter).
Oswego.
Northern Frontier.


Cape Vincent.
Oswegatchio (0g-
densburg).
Champlain (Platts-
burg).
Vermont (Burling-
ton).
1855-'56.
$1,582
$7,936
$64, 135
1856-'57...
$70, 056 $86, 985
3, 591
36, 006
28,988
1857-'58
13, 778
55, 469
$50, 110
18, 507
$21, 606 $1, 628
$13, 309
11, 472
1, 114
79, 191
10, 268
33, 163
1858-'50
15, 477
11, 468
4, 587
15, 338
121
82, 978
19, 311
1, 523
1859-'60..
1800-'01.
3, 614
4, 127
1,300
30
57, 805
9, 330
17, 638
4, 260
8, 026
5,635
311
59, 420
3, 400
14, 742
6, 588
5, 868
1861-'62.
5, 544
4,515
600
·
3156
4, 515
23, 006
2, 613
1862-'63.
3464
25, 839
5, 971
1863-'64.
3639
10, 158
9, 564
1864-'65
2, 165
2, 632
11, 787
27, 268
1866-'67.
12, 040
10, 720
9, 246
3,092
6, 866
2, 205
1,000
11, 130
13, 331
1867-'68.
4, 923
3,208
1,705
3,020
1, 470
9, 493
3, 100
14, 017
6, 067
1868-'60..
3, 115
9, 611
617
350
5,794
2,528
13, 534
6, 216
1869-'70...
5, 356
2, 149
604
8,057
410
1870-'71.
17, 153
6, 8.12
4, 435
4, 415
320
495
9, 537
14, 731
1,675
5, 982
1871-'72.
2,904
4,470
100
2, 605
7,716
5,129
15, 595
1872-'73
6, 497
7,273
5, 165
1, 160
17, 705
205
1,961
16, 709
636
10, 205
1873-'74.
9, 454
153
5,851
250
23, 001
19, 223
1,564
284
1874-75.
28, 188
13, 232
408
14, 721
1,715
34, 758
28, 606
6, 433
100
1875-'76
26, 820
18, 010
168
6, 266
26, 527
13, 486
19, 615
906
1870-'77.
6, 212
11, 735
1, 103
7,564
20, 143
16, 145
18,
18, 933
1,457
1877-'78..
7, 623
14, 258
881
8, 056
35, 417
635
9, 278
18, 975
1878-'79.
8, 940
26, 881
8, 937
435
5, 218
20, 675
856
7,595
49, 525
8, 624
30, 466
8, 749
116
12, 074
38, 030
43, 206
General Summary.

Years.
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Coast. Coast.1
Southern
Atlantic Gulf Coast.
Coast.2
Pacific
Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
1855-'56
$322, 223
1856-'57
$311, 330
$8,848
340, 612
$6, 319
1857-'58
332, 370
$323, 322
$807
4, 257
350, 167
6, 280
1858-'59
379, 119
184, 224
3, 934
398, 825
13, 153
1859-'60
477, 995
180, 366
2,376
2, 953
344, 131
50, 415
1860-'61
571, 688
166, 741
1, 537
4, 985
33,522
264, 980
1861-'62
419, 872
123, 250
85
307, 888
1, 659
27, 482
1862-'63
390, 792
122, 596
427, 199
54, 999
1863-64
885, 216
188, 611
28, 962
428, 724
73, 928
1864-'65
733, 594
66,703
29, 446
647, 354
87, 037
1866-'67
1, 184, 066
109, 761
429, 062
26, 6.59
30, 937
192, 417
1867-'68
497, 891
1, 864
10, 143
419, 159
23, 671
1868-'69
640,000
89,367
18, 134
456, 922
1869-'70
576, 044
20, 839
98, 591
2, 014
466, 754
8, 858
60, 869
1870-'71
60.5, 761
86, 385
10, 337
320, 018
48, 026
1871-'72
540, 770
115, 088
352, 617
18, 420
1872-'73
887, 392
46, 427
183, 962
8, 108
421, 816
77, 253
1873-74
1,079, 249
167, 425
1,900
20, 127
504, 455
48, 542
1874-'75
1875-'76
1,036, 660
155, 43.5
11
-
433, 276
31, 686
41, 989
902, 624
267, 645
31
26, 446
366, 797
56, 472
1876-77
1877-'78
1878-'79
884, 837
289, 211
20, 425
365, 938
76, 122
969, 271
223, 895
130
13, 447
451, 506
70,377
1, 107, 584
279, 861
221
19, 521
277, 270
88, 921
1, 132, 439
293, 990
896
15, 673
113, 813
259, 003
1 From New England to Virginia, inclusive. 2 South of Virginia. 3 Lake Ports of Ohio.
Alexandria, Va., $175 in 1860-'61. Bristol, R. I., $150 in 1857-'58. Castine, Me., $422 in 1878-79. Dela
ware, Del., $60 in 1862-163; $425 in 1872-'73; $100 in 1878-79. Duluth, Minn., $180 in 1874-'75; $1,000 in
1875-'76; $20 in 1876-'77. Erie, Pa., $1,445 in 1875-'76; $368 in 1876-77; $100 in 1878-79. Fairfield, Conn.,
$17 in 1858-'59. Fernandina, Fla., $8 in 1878-79. Miami. Ohio, $40 in 1857-'58; $14 in 1867-'68; $1,062 in
1878-79. Middletown, Conn., $508 in 1838–59; $1,154 in 1859-'60. Mobile, Ala., $96 in 1874-75. Newark,
N. J., $12 in 1856-'57; $28 in 1878-'79. Newport, R. I., $300 in 1859-'60. Pearl River, Miss., $60 in 1878–79.
Penobscot, Me., $64 in 1857-'58. Richmond, Fa., $350 in 1872-73; $200 in 1874-75. Sacket & Harbor, N. Y.,
$644 in 1860–61. Saint John's, Fla., $803 in 1856-'57; $888 in 1878-79. Sandusky, Ohio, $312 in 1864–65;
$40 in 1867-'68; $143 in 1874-75; $997 in 1876-'77; $647 in 1878-'79. Superior, Mich., $10 in 1878-79. Wis-
casset, Me., $356 in 1864-'65.
320
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
4. EXPORTATION OF WOODEN WARES,
(a.) By Foreign Countries, in 1863–’64 and 1864–’65.
Countries.
[Values.]

1863-'64. 1864-'65.
Countries.
1863-'64. 1864-'65.
Russia (European)
$535
Danish West Indies
French Possessions in Africa.
$277
1, 916
Total Denmark and Colonies
Total France and French Col-
$3,348
1, 916
onies
Germany, Hamburg
$670
1,822
2, 442
Bremen
Spain.
1, 243
2, 007
Total.
Canary Islands
331
2, 913
4, 449
Cuba.
Dutch West Indies
906
Porto Rico
26, 350
S
34, 102
Total Holland and Dutch
2,091
Colonies..
Total Spanish Colonies.
26, 350
36, 52G
665
906
Belgium..
Total Spain and Spanish Col-
310
onies
England
26, 350
37,769
75, 221
Scotland..
San Domingo
765
9, 063
Azores
Total Great Britain
45
24, 611
85, 284
Gibraltar
Italy
250
593
Turkey in Asia.
Canada
730
Other British North America
39, 245
(Atlantic)
{
3, 183
Turkish Possessions
958
Liberia
25, 948
Other British North America
Other ports in Africa.
502
3, 126
386
(Pacific)..
Hayti
3, 684
4, 517
1, 615
Mexico..
British West Indies
30, 213
30, 232
British Honduras
16, 121
British Guiana
{
11, 608
2,526
6, 897
Central America
804
150
New Grenada
Venezuela.
British Possessions in Africa
4,322
6, 432
British East Indies.
Brazil ...
10, 114
Australia
38, 633
S
1,640
Uruguay
3,566 { 6,008
1, 338
10, 485
101, 996
Total British Colonies...
Argentine Republic
3, 648
S
3,452
4, 048
49, 321
162, 438
Chili
Total Great Britain and Col-
13, 346
15, 621
Peru
1, 342
17, 661
onies
73, 932
247, 722
Sandwich Islands
France, Atlantic ports.
1,438
1, 112
825
China
-
Total France.
74
825
Japan
347
S
·
French West Indies.
1,310
1, 080
602
French North American Pos-
sessions
720
(b.) Total value of Wooden Wares exported annually from 1868-'69 to 1878–79.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
-
1871-'72
-
1872-'73...
1873-74.
Years.
Value.
1$287,852
1874-'75
258, 347
1875-'76
216,908
1876-'77
196, 606
1877-'78..
237, 097
1878-'79.
240, 350
Years.
¹ Boxes, coopered wares, and turnery.
Value.
$342, 815
342, 860
328, 839
287, 861
255, 770
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
321
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
·
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Years.
Total.
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Wooden Ware, by Foreign Countries (value).


France and
French Colo-
nies.
1868-'09
$1,806
1869-'70
•
8, 417
$325
$383
6, 659
$7
$8, 554
$383
200
12, 722
1870-'71
10, 028
3, 374
3, 630
1871-'72
722 | 11, 176
11, 176
33, 465
$1,044
1, 428
1,515
$1, 075
35
309
919
214
4, 960
28, 494
1872-73
16
1,428
1,287
678
1873-'74
3,616
12, 177
232
2, 135
1,000
639
235
7,999
1874-'75
17, 589
126
360
1, 040
$475
429
1,208
1, 891
1875-'76
17, 144
12, 988
350
3,600
914
915
3, 215
1, 384
1876-'77
7,823
299
260
590
144
2,900
2,248
1,002
5,781
1877-'78
3, 528
613
1, 515
1, 153
1,672
844
457
1878-'79
4, 116
566
367
5, 151
4, 522
3, 141
2,481
1, 164
2,496
18
1,081
6, 422
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Germany.
Years.
$3,970
3, 213
$4, 724
3,965
2,860
3,976
2, 374
$3, 446
2, 937
$6, 633
3, 762
$192
1, 319
11, 590
11, 590
5,909
1, 074
2,655
3, 174
12, 575
12, 935
6, 772
460
2, 133
308
12, 539
268
16, 139
502
121
1, 078
1, 668
198
182
501
608
836
2, 016
471
206
2, 121
777
7,272
180
34
1, 130
2, 121
8, 543
$4,724
5, 040 $11, 113 $1, 430
4, 011
3,762
$504
Ger-
many.
Great Britain.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
England.
Scotland.
Total.
Gibraltar.
Canada.
All other Brit-
ish North
America.
Quebec, Onta-
rio, &c.
Nova Scotia,
New Bruns-
wick, &c.
Newfound-
land, Labora-
dor, &c.
1868-'69
1869-'70
$38,
672
$12, 543 | 45, 935 | $1, 010
$38, 672
46, 945
1870-'71
504 | 26, 057
26, 157
1871-'72
738 18,424
70
18, 494
$88 $11, 848
15. 877
28, 086
36, 800
$5, 320
1872-73
6, 062
6, 500
10, 187
3, 328 | 46, 869
200
47, 069
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
→
=
7,044 | 28, 902
23,452 | 17, 122
36, 018
2, 821
31, 723
2, 801
19, 923
91, 419 13, 913
105, 332
·
21, 023 118, 144
6, 096
124, 240
•
21, 541
26, 519
98, 148 | 23, 372
82, 080 | 25, 382
25, 382
122, 2201
108, 6162
21 FOR
Includes $700 for Ireland.
2 Includes $1,154 for Ireland.
$3, 569 $37, 849 $14, 245
29, 327
53, 665
2, 218
35, 109
42, 563
2, 824
36, 380
27, 369
2, 531
27, 757
33, 464
2,845
25, 634
32, 376
1, 760
17,958
10, 019
2,130
$754
752
1, 116
1,388
French
Colo-
nies.





322
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
(c.) Exportation of Wooden Ware, &c.-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
All other Brit-
ish Possessions.
Total British
Colonies.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
•
$4, 944
11, 315
$257
150
$1,085
$71, 910
10, 459
1872-'73
1873-'74
8, 721
2, 602
3,066
$95, 552
53, 777
89, 782
30, 042
78, 153
-
$1,306
786
3, 641
$7,008
38, 945
2, 555
$14, 459
96, 257
1874-'75
6, 483
4,861
39, 763
3,714
·
2, 923
5, 863
97, 786
3,047
1875-'76
5, 927
10, 787
1,020
1,020
4, 266
7, 855
$61
2,212
136, 685
1876-'77
5, 401
37, 273
1,603
217
138, 726
3,829
11, 992
1877-'78..
7,077
3,068
32, 154
5, 215
2, 810
121, 913
5, 620
1878-'79..
1, 811
38, 898
913
660
44
115, 368
3, 782
2,045
3, 185
14, 432
460
86, 030
3, 390
16, 618
56, 437
Great
Britain
Years.
and Colo-
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
nies.
Total.
Italy.
Japan.
1868-'69.
1869-'70...
$134, 224
$684
136, 727 3, 213
1870-'71.
$200
$44 $107
24
$151
224
$40
104, 210 4, 538
300
417
1871-'72.
717
114, 751
1872-'73..
$1,858
$92
411
2, 655
289
99
388
144, 849
5, 988
3,064
132
1873-74..
132
8, 277
168,408
878
314
1874-'75.
314
8.758
158, 649
4, 650
1875-'76...
3, 233
550
3,783
227, 245
9, 398
4, 909
3, 022
246
1876-77..
3, 208
14, 417
239, 608
2, 927
2,691
952
1877-'78.
3, 643
6, 018
208, 250
1, 393
1878-'79.
4, 227
272
4, 499
100
136
165, 053
498
934
952
1,886
855
Years.
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Spanish Colo-
nies.
1868-'69...
1869-'70...
$209
$2,791
6, 213
$7,753
17,397
1870-'71.
108
417
13,985
1871-'72...
$3,285
3, 247
6, 757
$56
$117, 322
24, 363
$491
493
135
3, 079
1872-'73..
6, 242
14, 608
3, 140
$952
3, 811
18, 187
213
3,334
310
1, 452
1873-74.
428
1,055
124
2, 533
17, 211
430
1874-'75.
395 $728
41
2, 175
144
3, 233
10,826
114
11, 694
430
1875-'76.
746
1, 212
27
10, 784
470 3, 848
1,095
2, 938
1870-'77...
131
2,960
23
600
6, 411
13, 375
5, 398
3, 046
657
1877-'78...
154
1, 431
11, 246
590
6, 528
5, 855
1, 415
80
1878-79...
235
2, 657
3, 935
8,896
1, 411
1, 619
312
516
2,303
114
17, 817 2, 150
1 Before 1872, reported as "Asia, New Zealand," &c.
Portugal, $240 in 1876-'77; $359 in 1878-'79.
Portuguese Possessions in Africa, $49 in 1876-'77; $104 in 1878-79.
Portuguese Islands (Azores, &c.), $300 in 1875-'76; $1,155 in 1876-77; $715 in 1877–’78.
Russia (Baltic and Arctic Ports), $60 in 1875-'76; $1,278 in 1878–79.
Sweden and Norway, $693 in 1877-'78; $213 in 1878-79.
1




EXPORTOTION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
323
Years.
Years.
Years.
(c.) Exportation of Wooden Ware, &c.-Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
+
-
-
1874-'75.
--
$75 $117, 888
$117, 888
$113
$255
420
25, 276
$2,906
25, 332
90
5,726
$3,486
$95
314
17, 748
17, 748
90
995
1, 037
183
448
18,497
18, 497
430
3, 811
1, 431
67
17, 641
17, 641
95
1, 892
309
224
10, 940
10,940
201
3, 504
574
147
141
$59
11, 879
1875-'76
11, 906
13, 754
1,982
16, 421
2,396 | $534
51
1876-'77
16, 444
9, 415
1,077
46
12, 707
2,882
1877-'78
12, 707
374
4, 673
480
49
3, 053
10, 356
1878-'79..
10, 356
4, 591
1, 324
31
9, 998
1, 677
10, 012
3, 819
873
1,419
214
661
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.
General Classification by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Ports on Baltic
and North Seas.
1868-'69..
1869-'70.
$5, 113
130
$38, 760
46, 945
1870-'71.
$13, 068
$43, 873
7,274
$1, 085
$1,085
2, 811
90
1871-'72.
26, 057
804
26, 986
3, 174
$90,
73, 470
80, 774
493
$213
1, 006
1872-'73.
18, 494
486
738
19, 232
921
77, 337
1873-'74
47, 069
700
3, 328
50,397
5,074
201
1874-'75.
31, 723
61, 327
735
8, 040
40, 324
3, 171
475
40, 037
19, 923
300
1875-'76.
27, 114
51, 139
2, 890
1876-'77.
105, 332
54, 861
673
40, 015
145, 960
12, 462
50, 047
1877-'78..
124, 480
300
26, 663
152, 658
45, 124
100
14, 818
1878-'79.
122, 220
28, 133
1,250
155, 604
4, 403
108, 970
18, 539
715
30, 807
148, 313
3, 559
20, 106
1,278
West Indies.2
Atlantic Ports.
General Classification by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
Pacific Ports.
1868-'69...
1869-'70...
$126, 045
40, 852
$2, 444
1870-'71..
24, 383
$16, 107
30, 119
$18, 551 | $2, 798
$17, 168
$4, 456
54, 592
33, 393
6, 413
1871-'72..
9, 519
21, 939
25, 161
1, 953
1872-'73..
33, 684
34, 680
1, 139
6, 900
34, 586
11, 202
2, 122
18, 102
25, 341
3, 293
1873-'74....
12, 148
46, 987
5, 068
2, 873
17, 216
18,768
4, 012
1874-'75
9, 213
57,968
8, 394
350
17, 607
1875-'76.
23, 937
2,768
21, 400
66, 458
28, 808
418
50, 208
27, 636
5, 124
1870-'77
19, 106
82, 272
10, 761
555
29, 867
24, 532
5, 232
1877-78...
13, 666
20, 854
11, 179
502
24, 845
15, 221
7,413
1878-'79...
10, 482
58, 016
182
9, 971
25, 239
20, 510
6, 985
13, 574
65, 593
4, 115
255
17, 689
5, 099
34, 666
1, 791
1 Including Spain and France, not included in preceding columns.
* Including Honduras and Dutch and French Guiana.
Total.
Mexico and Central
America.
Other North Ameri-
can Ports.
Uncertain.
Total.¹
Africa.
Asia and Australasia.
Atlantic Islands (Span-
ish and Portuguese).
All other Countries not speci-
fied.
324
EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
-
1872-'73..
1873-'74.
1874-75.
·
1875-'76..
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
Years.
1
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Wooden Wares, by Districts, from 1863–64 to 1878–79.
Maine.
[Values.]

Massachusetts.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
$17, 845
$5
9, 947
$58
$256
$13
1868-'69.
$79, 305
124, 434
15, 748
$2
$102
1869-'70..
184, 677
105
6, 938
$18
1870-'71.
12, 607
44
425
2, 467
$20
$4
91, 497
122
77, 418
15
1871-'72.
25, 373
178
20
1872-'73.
96, 711
19
17, 244
36
·
25
139, 640
1873-74.
9, 572
186
96, 123
86
1874-'75.
1, 240
118
1875-'76.
107, 403
1876-'77.
2,692
7, 071
1, 312
68
84, 414
99, 002
115
1877-'78.
1878-79...
12, 835
4, 476
140
58,487
18
895
33, 717
25

Years.
Bristol.
R. I.
Connecticut.
N. Y.
N. J.
Pa.
Md.
Va.
New London.
New Haven.
New York.
Newark.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Richmond.
South Carolina.

Beaufort.
$1, 540
$686
$98, 660
244, 291
43, 117
$724
249
$7,397
6, 656
$31
7, 169
931
$20
6
136, 452
728
2, 311
18
69, 362
$18
278
430
30, 167
1,679
34, 433
223
43, 121
3
امرمر
1,256
1, 201
150, 603
19
904
$12
195, 338
21
3, 029
120
166, 172
2, 659
3, 176
37
175, 614
1,171
1, 578
184, 902
988
1,372
61
Ga.
Ala. Miss.
La.
Texas.
Cal.
Oregon.
1863-'64
1864-'65
-
$15, 459
2,865
$41
1868-'69
25, 365
$39
1, 951
$144
1869-'70
155
58
2, 413
337
$1, 153
2,231
4, 702
$1915, 380
$44
43
1870-'71
$9
478
$5
74
3,933
220
24
46, 239
$54
1871-'72
424
753
38,437
1872-'73
$100
109
98
1, 896
102
38, 261
102
1873-'74
1, 905
74
54
802
57, 529
367
1874-'75
250
$45
597
170
704
45, 344
297
1875-'76
19
1, 156
156
894
713
19,595
12
1,061
1876-'77
97
455
489
508 2,096
18,903
187
1877-'78
222
251
4
555
378 1, 556
9, 281
65
1878-'79
6
20
8
419
523 509
8, 938
Plymouth, Mass., $14 in 1878-'79.
Providence, R. I., $253 in 1878-'79.
Teché, La., $9 in 1877-'78.
1863-'64, other Ports in Maine than Portland and Passamaquoddy, $96.
1863-'64, other Ports in Massachusetts than Boston, $1,749.
4
Charleston.
$862
19

EXPORTATION OF WOOD MANUFACTURES.
325
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
1868-'69....
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73..
1873-'74.
1874-75.
1875-'76.
1870-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Wooden Wares, by Districts, &c.-Continued.


Wash. Minn. Mich.
Ohio.
New York.
Vt.

1863-'64
1864-'65
·
$80
$30
$125
1868-'69
$162
1869-'70
$357
1, 002
$391
23
$1,912
2,748
54
1870-'71
38
666
$391
1, 833
$257 30
1871-72
664
5
30
2, 102
$20
24
1872-'73 ..
3
923
1, 844
694
108
1873-74
1,355 $25, 310
782
42
649
1874-'75
$1, 189
2,009
30, 841
1, 513
280
168
298
1875-'76
1,644 | 32, 971
50
1, 554
30
131
1876-'77
2, 810
21, 748
890
1,907
402
1877-'78.
25
1,339 | 12, 598
832
155
175
750
9, 785
1878-'79
2, 187
4, 618
19
2,629
10
6
8,
335
154
Years.
New England
Coast.
Atlantic
Coast
South of New
England.
General Summary.
Gulf Coast.
Pacific Coast.
Northern Front-
ier.
$99, 000
136, 350
201, 219
$106, 812
251, 196
52, 079
27, 499
99, 050
139, 510
2,982
$15,500
2,865
$1, 153
2,231
$3,574
2, 983
1,995
4,908
32, 569
15, 423
1,382
70, 097
4,734
46, 331
122, 301
3, 177
31, 846
1, 177
156, 945
38, 437
35, 012
2, 845
2, 205
38, 360
105, 967
44, 325
3, 569
2, 835
57, 896
108, 761
29, 327
151, 788
1,510
45, 641
88,486
198, 407
35, 109
2, 919
106, 308
20, 668
36, 380
172, 104
3, 580
19, 090
71, 517
27, 757
178, 585
2,754
39, 384
9, 371
25, 684
187, 384
2, 109
8,939
17, 958
1863-'64, other Lake Ports of Ohio, $762; in 1868-'69, $1,550.
1863-'64, other Lake Ports of New York, $900.
Key West, Fla:, $32 in 1876–77; $630 in 1878–779.
San Diego, Cal., $1 in 1877–78; $1 in 1878–79.
Saint John's, Fla., $41 in 1878-79.
Fernandina, Fla., $10 in 1878-'79.
(e.) SHOE-PEGS.
In addition to the foregoing the value of Shoe-pegs was reported in 1873-'74 as $93,150, and in 1874–75
as $147,163, exported from New York. In 1873-74 the value from Brazos de Santiago was $100.
326
EXPORTATION OF BARKS.
IX. BARKS.
The headings under which barks have been reported have changed from time to time,
so as to render comparisons between different years quite uncertain. From 1855-'56
to 1860-'61 the term "Oak bark and other dye" was used; in 1861-'62 and 1862-'63 it was
"Oak bark," and in 1863-'64 it was simply "Bark." In 1864-'65 it was "Oak and other
bark-tanners' and dyers'," and since 1866-'67, "Bark for tanning."
1. General summary of exportation, 1790-'91 to 1878-79.
(a.) Values annually exported from 1790-'91 to 1878-79.
(b.) Exportation of oak bark and other dyes by foreign countries, 1854-'55 to 1862
-'63 (values).
(c.) Exportation of bark for tanning by foreign countries, 1863-'64 and 1864-'65
(quantities and values).
(d.) Exportation of bark for tanning from 1865-'66 to 1878-79 (values).
(e.) Exportation of barks by districts, 1855-'56 to 1878-79 (values).
1. GENERAL SUMMARY OF EXPORTATION OF BARKS, as included under headings above
described.
(a.) Values annually exported from 1790-'91 to 1878–79.


Years.
Quantity
and value.
Cords.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1790-'91..
57 1813-'14
Hlds.grind. 1814-'15
$3,270
1846-'47
$95, 355
336, 242
1847-'48
1, 010
Cords.
1815-'16
184, 126
308, 047
1848-'49
95, 392
1849-'50
1791-'92
1792-'93 ...
1793-'94 ...
202 1816-'17
Hhds.gr'nd. 1817-'18
2,921 1818-'19
Cords. 1819-'20
444 1820-'21
Hhds.gr'nd. 1821-'22
3,108 1822-'23
Cords. 1823-'24
404 1824-'25
Hhds.gr'nd. 1825-26
205, 771
-
186, 000
1850-'51
355, 477
202, 710
1851-'52
160, 154
145, 820
1852-'53
118, 894
107, 719
1853-'54
95, 863
139, 534
1854-'55
99, 168
145, 705
1855-'56
121, 030
111, 333
1856-'57
322, 754
95, 674
1857-'58
392, 825
93, 809
1858-'59
412, 701
·
63, 120
1859-'60
-
164, 260
834 1826-'27
79, 884
1860-'61
1794-'95
·
189, 476
341
1827-'28
101, 175
1861-'62
1795-'96
$188, 456
1828-'29
1186, 363
165, 406
1862-'63
1796-'97
168, 531
1293, 564
1829-'30
279, 706
1863-'64
1797-'98
-
75, 612
2194, 575
1830-'31
280, 681
1864-'65
1798-'99
80, 397
1831-'32
3 158, 495
52, 944
1865-'66
1799-1800.
15, 774
1832-'33
4115, 638
93, 609
1866-'67
1800-'01
31, 043
1833-'34
71, 747
1867-'68
1801-'02
100, 601
1834-'35
73, 877
1868-'69
1802-'03
225, 732
1835-'36
483, 409
4217, 174
Not rep't'd.
68, 758
1869-'70
1803-'04
88,470
1836-'37
96, 443
1870-'71
1804-'05
61, 512
4216, 488
496, 195
1837-'38
161, 694
1871-'72
1805-'06
41, 971
1838-'39
309, 696
1872-'73
1806-'07
·
19, 064
1839-'40
229, 510
1873-'74
1807-'08
-
5, 136
1840-'41
135, 519
1874-'75
1808-'09
28, 750
1841-'42
111, 087
1875-'76
1809-'10
·
72, 049
1842-'43
39, 588
1876-'77
-
1810-'11
111, 825
1843-'44
70, 370
1877-'78
1811-'12
106, 688
1844-'45
70, 616
1878-'79
1812-'13
118, 416
1845-'46
4166, 501
4168, 938
4160, 670
4193, 938
4223, 276
467, 176
4111, 335
4130, 939
61, 382
1 Oak bark.
2 Bark, 5,357 hogsheads.
3 Oak and other bark; tanners' and dyers', 5,030 hogsheads.
4 Bark for tanning.
EXPORTATION OF BARKS, ETC.
327
Years.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58.
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
-
1862-'63
Years.
Hamburg.
•
Bremen.
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Oak Bark and other Dye-Woods by Foreign Countries, from 1854-'55 to
1862-'63.¹
[Value.]

Germany.
France and Colonies.
$140
$88
390
1,873
$630
762
2, 464
$8,431
16, 278
35, 985
$599 $3,030
$2
587
5, 676 | 21, 954
13, 711 | 49, 696
423
44, 577
6, 856
986
5, 207
51, 433
$105
712
$317
33, 099
1, 481
2,452
19, 399
52, 498
16, 321
750
1, 818
4, 693❘ 21, 014
3,468
20, 204
3,649
16, 113
39
1,035
1,397
39, 350
45, 466
Prussia.
Total Germany.
England.
Scotland.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Ireland.
Total Great Brit-
ain.
1854-'55
1855-'56
5, 194
$7,722 $15, 378
9, 934
1856-'57
$23, 100 $44, 895
15, 128 50, 073
$4, 505
6,555
$49,
1857-'58
1858-'59
14, 862
7, 689
26, 568 40, 974
17, 396
38, 706
$450 46, 845
164, 260
7, 619
400
56, 628
171, 879
67, 542 224, 140
$336
$9,074
10, 805
2,766
8, 425
232, 565
200
1859-'60
32, 258
2,742
286, 674
6, 410
23, 452 | 22, 280
293, 084
150
45, 732
2, 510
1860-'61
67, 923
41, 378
7,285
21,
21, 544
75, 208
1861-'62
62, 922 |
54, 363
3,538
3, 420
$381
57, 864
1862-'63
31, 734
2,304
20, 548
68,759
55, 603
1,764
10, 497
10, 821
Great Britain and British Colonies.
1854-'55.
J
1855-'56..
$916
464
$56
2,442
1856-'57
$59, 446 $4, 191
70, 339 10, 289
$668
$6002
284
514
286
$142
1857-'58
10, 775
75, 693 | 36, 269
256, 282 20,872
11, 109
1858-'59
16
2, 606
595
1859-'60
298, 366| 17, 244
217
64
1860-'61
2,959
78, 810
64, 891
10, 618
5903
$725
15,756
4024
1861-'62
$108
1, 836
605
$427 81, 092
1862-'63.
21, 180
66, 424
41, 705
110
235
1, 231
¹ In 1861-'62 and 1862-'63, "oak-bark."
2 Of this, $400 were to Papal States and to Sardinia.
8 Sardinia.
4 Two Sicilies.
New Granada and Venezuela.
Gibraltar.
Canada.
328
BARKS, ETC.
EXPORTATION OF OF
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-472
1872-'73
1873-'74.
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79 ..
$60
Ycars.
Years.
(b.) Exportation of Oak Bark and other Dye-Woods, &c.-Continued.

Spain.
Russia and Dependen-
cies.
San Domingo.
Atlantic Ports.
Mediterranean
Ports.
1854-55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1850-60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
-
$75
1, 632
1,600
1,866
$140
$183
$183
$1,435
$343
$152
152
665
487
200
2, 148
1, 493
2, 640
1, 608 1, 608
$15
2, 663
175
3,75
3, 654
170
18, 293
(c.) Exportation of Bark for Tanning, by Foreign Countries, from 1863–64 to 1864–65.
[Quantities and values.]
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
Countries.
Hhds.
Value. Hhds.
Value.
Belgium
Brazil
35
$1, 333
120
$5, 775
19
622
France
545
23, 447
Germany
1,250
17, 646
635
22, 086
796
Great Britain
29, 244
--
3, 530
124, 507
105
Gibraltar, &c
2,735
35
1, 047
Canada, &c
121
3, 635
40
Total Great Britain and Colonies
3, 686
129, 189
145
Holland....
330
3,065
349
15, 674
145
Italy.
5, 407
19
772
Mexico
12
424
New Grenada.
70
Russia (Baltic)
2,688
18
770
Spain
1
15
Spanish West Indies.
57
1, 028
62
1, 566
Argentine Re-
public.
Austria.
(d.) Exportation of Bark for Tanning, by Foreign Countries, from 1865-'66 to 1878-79.
[Values.]
Belgium.
France.
Germany.
England.
Great Britain.
$1,800
270
$2,948
1, 107
$10, 700
12, 775
9, 366
$8, 332
6, 300
51,572
$18,802
55, 998
102, 406
650
11, 158
2,100
1,000
220
61, 790
72, 484
552
11, 573
12, 398
65, 997
2, 987
7,708
32, 334
74, 495
7,962
19, 330
21, 818
105, 475
4, 720
2, 502
27, 818
67, 387
6, 770
6, 200
37, 096
90, 280
5, 751
9, 258
26, 959
95, 532
$4,400
4, 210
6, 704
29,836
19, 647
26, 287
390
5, 510
22, 490
20, 319
1,306
59, 522
5,450
700
30, 485
31, 156
57, 579
5,725
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Spain.
Cuba.
Sweden and Norway.
Uruguay.

EXPORTATION OF BARKS, ETC.
329
1865-'66.
Years.
Years.
(d.) Exportation of Bark for Tanning, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
British Colonies
Total Great Britain.
Canada, &c.
British West Indies.
British Possessions in
Africa.
onies.
Total Great Britain and Col
1865-'66
$78, 802
$30
1866-'67
$78, 832
55, 998
310
1867-'68
56, 308
$10, 214
4,795
102, 406
1, 746
1868-'69
104, 152
13, 147
$134
1869-'70.
84, 057
1, 556
1870-'71
85, 613
73, 705
9, 598
1, 366
400
1871-'72
$1
75, 072
93, 825
3,385
598
150
1,500
1872-'73
95, 923
3,494
107, 977
254
1873-'74
107, 977
73, 587
5, 354
320
1874-75...
103, 938
73, 907
11, 637
$50
1875-'76..
$286
104, 224
125, 368
5, 897
1, 022
1870-'77
412
125, 780
31, 797
302
10, 431
1877-'78
95
32, 194
64, 972
3, 425
60
261
1878-'79
63,394
65, 032
2, 438
288
10
63, 666
2,641
Mexico.
Portugal.
1866-'67
$1,250
1867-'68.
$400
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
$79
335
1870-'71.
257
1871-'72.
9
1872-73...
1873-'74.
26
1874-'75.
16
1875-'76.
100
179
1876-'77...
26
633
1877-'78..
68
1878-'79.
4
148
Japan, $155 in 1877-78.
British Columbia, $44 in 1878-79.
Australasia, $20 in 1878–79.
}
Russia.
Sandwich Islands.
113
1, 670
4,856
75
$12
140
60
429
826
Spain.
*z[n)
$2,812
$224
720
1,255
445
16
14
$11
Venezuela.
Holland.
Dutch West Indies.
Italy.
330
EXPORTATION OF BARKS, ETC.
Years.
Boston.
New York.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
(e.) Exportation of Barks, by Districts, from 1855-'56 to 1878-79.
[Values.]
Richmond.
New Orleans.
1855-'56.
$5, 568 $37, 694
$31, 430
$34, 843
1856-'57.
284 133, 692
$500
$8, 597
88, 171
95, 168
95, 168
1857-'58.
$2, 473 | $200
823
175, 549
128, 784
1, 943
118, 547
3, 709
1858-'59.
972
291, 094
1, 125
57, 902
55, 662
2, 865
1859-'60.
425
65, 435
2, 085
60, 226
60, 226
34, 210
590
1860-'61.
486
101, 392
3,052
25, 864 |
45, 386
5, 420
1861-'62
198
3,033
66, 122
1,506
44, 213
62, 498
1862-'63.
1150
95, 458
88, 684
97, 442
$10, 497
110
1863-'64.
1, 849
68, 514
85, 121
10, 234
35, 491
1864-'65..
770
59, 256
$3,600
61, 442
36, 697
1866-'67..
330
1,250❘ 15, 242
33, 312
1867-'68.
$310
75 101, 790
47, 122
66, 441
1,590
1869-'70...
156
150, 915
16, 304
47, 233
575
1, 121
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73..
18, 421
32, 419
43, 629
360
12
73, 057
23,224
66, 018
3,595
417
43, 177
59, 982
60, 917
1, 266
1873-'71..
92, 565
17, 706 | 49, 202
865
1874-'75.
94, 516
27,279
68, 368
3, 775
1875-'76..
320
108, 184
26, 227
86, 795
1, 430
1876-'77.
16, 179
6, 593
38, 068
5,269
56
1877-'78...
226
200
27, 575
4, 590
73, 525
4, 793
38
1878-'79..
49, 865
968
75, 406
19
Alexandria, $261 in 1859-'60.
Brazos de Santiago, $5 in 1869–170: $9 in 1871-'72.
Champlain, $768 in 1855-'56; $100 in 1869-'70; $269 in 1878-'79.
Charleston, $4,500 in 1857-'58; $2,668 in 1858-'59.
Delaware, $33,295 in 1866-'67.
Genesee, $590 in 1855-'56; $235 in 1857-'58.
Norfolk, $3,597 in 1872-'73; $640 in 1875–76; $560 in 1878–79.
Oregon, $12 in 1873-'74.
Puget Sound, $11 in 1871-'72; $22 in 1878–’79.
San Francisco, $414 in 1862-'63; $150 in 1870-'71; $170 in 1871-'72; $60 in 1876-'77; $592 in 1877–’78;
$901 in 1878-'79.
Vermont, $72 in 1862-'63; $235 in 1869-'70.
Yorktown, Va., $725 in 1876-77.
Huron.
Detroit.
Buffalo Creek.
Oswego.
Lake Ports of New York.
1

EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
331
IX. NAVAL STORES.
Under this term it is customary to include the resinous products of forests as they
appear in market, after being manufactured or prepared as Pitch, Tar, Resin, Turpentine,
and Spirits of Turpentine. In the Forestry Report of 1877 (pp. 137-143) an account
was given of some of the methods practiced in producing the raw materials for these
articles. In this connection only so much will be presented as relates to their manu-
facture and exportation, under the following headings:
1. General Notice: Statistics from the Census of various periods :
(a.) General Notice: Colonial Statistics.
(b.) Census of 1840. Barrels of Tar, Pitch, Turpentine, and Resin.
(c.) Census Returns of Tar and Turpentine, 1850 to 1870.
2. Pitch, Tar, Resin, and Turpentine; Exportation from 1789-'90 to 1878-79. General
Statements:
(a.) By quantities (barrels) separately, from 1789-'90 to 1819–220.
(b.) Proximate Value of Naval Stores exported from 1802-'03 to 1819-20.
(c.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1820-21 to 1853-'54; by Separate Quanti-
ties (barrels) and Total Values, annually.
(d.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1853-54 to 1878-79; Separate Quantities
(barrels) and Values; Total Values, and computation of Average Values,
annually.
3. Tar and Pitch Exported annually from 1854-55 to 1878–79 :
(a.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, from 1854-55 to 1878-79, with General
Summaries.
(b.) Exportation by Districts, with General Summaries.
4. Resin and Turpentine Exported annually, from 1857-'58 to 1878-79:
(a.) Exportation by Foreign Countries from 1854-55 to 1867–68.
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, with General Summaries, 1868-69 to
1878-79.
(c.) Exportations by Districts, with General Summaries, 1867-'68 to 1878–79.
5. Spirits of Turpentine exported from 1789-'90 to 1878-79:
(a.) By Quantities collectively from 1789-'90 to 1852-'53.
(b.) Exportation by Quantities and Values collectively from 1853–54 to 1878-79.
(c.) Exportations by Foreign Countries; Quantities and Values, 1854-55 to
1867-'68.
(d.) Exportations by Foreign Countries; Quantities and Values, 1868-'69 to
1878-79, with General Summaries.
1. GENERAL NOTICE: STATISTICS FROM THE CENSUS AT VARIOUS PERIODS.
(a.) General Notice.
In the early history of the British American Colonies, we find notices of attempts
to introduce the manufacture of tar and other resinous products, in the province of
New York and elsewhere.
During the reign of Queen Anne, near the beginning of the last century, a large
number of Palatinate families were settled upon the Hudson above the Highlands,
and efforts were made to turn their attention to the production of naval stores 1 In
the official correspondence before and after this period, we notice a zealous effort to
promote this industry. The Earl of Bellomont, in writing to the Lords of Trade, in
1699, mentions having consulted with M. Bernon, a French merchant, and others, who
had made a good quantity of pitch, tar, resin, and turpentine in the country near Bos-
ton, and remarks: "There grows an infinite number of pines in Long Island, alias
Nassau Island, and on both sides of Hudson's River, and between Albany and Sche-
nectady, and there will be a water carriage which will mightily conduce to their
cheapness." He proposed to employ English soldiers, under slightly increased pay, in
this manufacture, and says that M. Bernon estimated that a man working diligently
would make five tun of stores in a year, one with another: "I say one with another,
because all summer he makes pitch, rosin, and turpentine and in winter he can make
tar only, and none other of the four named species.”2
The timber chiefly employed for these experiments was probably the Pinus rigida and
Pinus resinosa, the pitch pine and the Norway pine of the Northern States,³ and in
a document dated in 1711, it is said: "In order to produce tar, the trees must be rinded
(peeled) in the spring, after which, it is necessary that they stand two years that the
sap may be lost, and only the gummy substance remain to be run into tar, by burning
the trees after a particular manner.”4
IN. Y. Colonial Hist., v, 188.
2 Id., iv, 502.
3 When this species grows on dry sandy soil it is dense and heavy; when in marshes, its wood is
light and tender, with thick sap-wood, and it is then known as "sap pine.
sap pine."-Michaux.
4N. Y. Co. Hist., v, 189.
332
PRODUCTION OF NAVAL STORES.
As a stimulus to further Production, the English Parliament offered bounties for the
production and importation of these commodities, but the supplies of pine timber
for these uses in New York and other Northern Colonies were altogether inadequate
for a durable or profitable industry in these products, and before the Revolutionary
War, North Carolina had become the source from whence Naval Stores were chiefly
exported. The average of three years, viz, 1768, 1769, and 1770, with the prices in
sterling and the equivalent in our Federal currency, were as follows:
Pitch, 20,696 barrels, at 78. 6d. (£7,768 10s.)..
Tar, 82,366 barrels, at 6s. Od. (£27,709 16s.).
Turpentine, 88,111 barrels, at 8s. Od. (£11,244 88.).
$37,599 54
123,795 73
54, 428 96
The prices were as paid at the port of exportation. The bounty at that time was
58. 6d. or nearly as much as first cost on the spot where made, and the English import-
ers had no competition except the tar from Archangel, in Russia, from whence it was
chiefly brought by the Dutch. During the Revolution, American tar rose in England
from 11s. to 35s. per barrel, and these prices for a time largely increased the produc-
tion in Russia and Sweden and in countries where it had never been made before.
Turpentine from France was then the principal rival of that from America, and the
prices of this commodity were enormously increased by the war. 2
The following tables present the principal statistics of production and trade in these
products since the formation of the present Government of the United States. The
Census of 1810 gave, from six counties of North Carolina, a report of 94,900 gallons
of "Essence of Turpentine," valued at $138,000, but made no mention of other products.
This by no meaus shows that none were produced, the statistics of that census being
too imperfect for reliance or comparison. In 1820 the returns were even more defect-
ive, giving from two counties but $20,700 worth of raw material, and $29,000 worth
of Spirits of Turpentine.
In 1830 no attempt was made to report productions of any kind, but in 1840, the cen-
sus reported 619,106 barrels, produced as follows:
(b.) Census of 1840-Barrels of Tar, Pitch, Turpentine, and Rosin.

Alabama.
Arkansas
Georgia.
Iowa.
Kentucky
Louisiana
Mississippi
Missouri.
New Jersey..
Statos.
Barrels.
197
New York.
34
103
-
25
700
2, 233
2,248
356
2,200
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
South Carolina.
Tennessee
Virginia
Wisconsin
·
States.
Barrels.
402
593, 451
5, 631
1,595
735
3, 336
5, 809
1
The three next national censuses have each returned statistics more or less com-
plete concerning the production of Tar, Turpentine, &c., as shown by the following
table:
(c.) Census Returns of Tar and Turpentine, 1850 to 1870.
Number of estab-
lishments report-
Persons employed.
Capital invested.
ing.
States.

1850. 1860. 1870. 1850.
1860. 1870.
1850.
1860.
1870.
2445
Alabama
4
10 227
Florida.
5
2
Georgia
14
4
202
·
Louisiana
1
3
Massachusetts
1
3
Mississippi.
5
1
33
Missouri
2
North Carolina
·
785
1, 093
147
2,858
2,056
959 1,417, 532 045, 448 | 472, 100
Pennsylvania
1
2
South Carolina
·
40
7
54
Tennessee.
1
220
3
63
876
65, 400
10
500
13, 500 205, 000
Total United States
856
-
1, 111
442
3, 438
2, 155
2, 038 1, 663, 692 964, 148 | 901, 800
8888
34
602
$12,300
|
$4,700 $86, 200
18
28,000
16,000
138
109, 950
63,000
5
1, 500
500'
10, 000
27
19, 000
13
28,000
31, 000
By act 3 of 4 Anne, a bounty of £4 a ton was offered on tar and pitch, and £3 a ton on rosin and tur
pentine, produced in the American Colonies.
2 Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the American States, p. 78.
PRODUCTION AND EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
333
Years.
(c.) Census Returns of Tar and Turpentine, 1850 to 1870-- Continued.

Wages paid.
States.
1950.
1860.
1870.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Cost of materials.

Alabama.
Florida
Georgia
$7,776
12,408
$9, 360
Louisiana.
Massachusetts.
Mississippi
Missouri.
24, 852
$120,000
5, 900
28, 000
$6, 180
$1,900
9, 600
25,000
540
190
1,296
17, 500
-
5, 052
6, 000
4, 025
North Carolina.
7,900
372, 036
Pennsylvania.
383, 400
184, 839
1, 295, 448
244, 434
$84, 155
9,598
39, 672
900
1, 500
35, 400
1,552, 577
324
South Carolina.
45
- ·
Tennessee
23, 100
288
12, 168
123, 645
126, 175
120
7, 610
422, 378
Total United States...
447, 348
405, 252
476, 284
1, 484, 238
253, 989 2, 146, 180
Value of products.
Quantities of products in 1870.
States.


1850.
1860.
1870.
Resin.
Tar.
Turpen-
tine.'
Alabama
Florida
$17,800
29, 671
$13, 575
Georgia.
55, 068
Louisiana.
$280, 203
26, 116
95, 970
Barrels.
53, 175
Barrels.
Gallons.
409, 950
5, 252
2,869
13, 840
1,750
8, 740
160, 400
Massachusetts
2,500
833
19, 000
Mississippi
19, 680
Missouri.
8, 550
1,900
North Carolina
59, 500
2, 476, 252
8,000
12,000
32,000
996, 902
Pennsylvania.
2, 338, 309
456, 131
400
3, 799, 449
630
South Carolina.
235, 836
20, 249
Tennessee
779, 077
115, 945
600
1, 582, 348
Total United States... 2,855, 657
1, 031, 356
3, 585, 225
646, 243
12, 002
6, 004, 887
Pitch.
2. PITCH, TAR, ROSIN, AND TURPENTINE-EXPORTATIONS FROM 1789-'90 to 1878–79—
GENERAL STATEMENTS.
(a.) By Quantities (barrels), separately, from 1789-'90 to 1819–220.

Tar.
Rosin.
Turpentine.
Years.
Pitch.
Tar.
1789-'90 ..
1790-'91
Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels.
8,875 | 85, 067
316
28, 326
1805-'06
3, 818 51, 044
228
58, 107
1806-'07
7,948
5, 099
Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels.
62, 723
7,486
1
74, 731
1791-'92
9, 145 62, 279
1, 337
67, 148
1807-'08
1792-'93
·
8, 338 67, 961
59, 282
624❘ 18, 704
3, 802
53, 451
800
17, 061
1,715
36, 957
1808-'09
-
1793-'94
1794-'95
-
1795-'96
1796-'97
(2)
18, 083 64, 600
7,979
2, 824 | 46, 650
(2)
2, 480 | 20, 598 1809-'10
-
5,433 128, 090
7,563
8,998
77, 398
87, 310
7, 483
62, 912
(2)
14, 183
47, 397
7,015
1797-'98.
5, 192❘ 33, 893
8, 364
(2)
41, 490
53, 291
40, 188
1810-'11
1811-'12
1812-'13
11, 375 149, 796
13, 412
100, 242
9, 615❘ 87, 937
-
3,270 10, 065
8, 564
2, 097
57, 266
16, 123
1813-'14
+
1798-'99
2,592 | 58, 254
|
16,396 | 40, 382 1814-'15
1799-1800
1, 881
59,
59, 410
3,075
33,
33, 129
1815-'16
511
5, 222
6,367 | 39, 845
13, 505 133, 345
405
3, 507
11, 721
76, 103
1800-'01.
6, 982
2,682 | 67,487
76, 105
2, 397
35, 413
1816-'17
1801-'02
3, 091
37, 497
3, 189 | 28, 764 || 1817-'18
8, 387
6, 498
37, 120
8, 038
73, 484
66, 654
1802-'03
4,808
79, 989
5, 861
5,854
61,
61, 178
102, 577
1818-'19
5, 623
38, 183
1803-'04
6,332
6, 225 58, 181
1804-'05
13, 977 72, 475
4,675
9,057
77, 827
81, 539
1819-'20
3,798
38, 176
7, 033
95, 640
75, 749
¹Reported in the official census as "barrels," but evidently intended for gallons.
2 Pitch, tar, turpentine, and rosin, together, 132,866 barrels.
Rosin.
Turpentine.
334
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
Years.
(b.) Proximate Value of Naval Stores exported from 1802-'03 to 1819-20.

Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
Years.
Value.
1802-'03
1803-'04
1804-'05....
1805-'06
1806-'07
•
$460,000
322, 000
1807-'08...
$102, 000
1812-'13
1808-'09 ...
737,000
1813-'14 ...
$91,000
31, 000
702,000
1809-'10
473, 000
1814-'15
455, 000
1816-'17
1817-'18
1818-'19..
•
409, 000
1810-'11
834, 000
1815-'16 ....
798,000
1819-'20..
·
325,000
$345, 000
537, 000
376,000
292,000
1811-'12
490, 000
Tar and Pitch.
(c.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1820-'21 to 1853–’54.
(Separate Quantities and Total Values.)


Rosin and Tur
pentine.
Value.
Years.
Tar and Pitch.
Resin and Tur-
pentine.
1820-'21
Barrels.
71, 196
Barrels.
79, 213
Barrels.
1821-'22
$314, 660
Barrels.
1837-38.
100, 213
96, 166
33, 629
447, 869
245, 860
1822-'23
1838-'39
$703, 394
45, 032
61, 584
137, 530
1823-'24
457, 502
197, 267
1839-'40
688, 800
46, 537
176, 136
44, 655
215, 121
555, 055
1824-'25
1840-'41
602, 529
47, 340
77, 019
158, 863
1825-'26
463, 897
244, 846
1841-'42
684, 514
46,337
52, 455
96, 157
277, 787
254, 491
1826-'27
1842-'43
743, 329
55, 737
37, 454
141, 728
402, 189
188, 952
1843-'44
475, 357
1827-'28
68, 668
62, 477
163, 443
302, 668
487, 761
1828-'29
1844-'45
818, 692
48, 329
58,002
142, 761
377, 613
347, 683
1845-'46
814, 969
1829-'30
44, 343
65, 805
120, 722
321, 019
1846-'47
351, 914 | 1,085, 712
1830-'31
52,995
47, 245
156, 319
312, 059
397, 687
759, 221
1831-'32
1847-'48
47, 523
60, 340
168, 770
324, 738
476, 291
1848-'49
752, 303
1832-'33
41, 024
79, 125
176, 146
483, 712
325, 694
1849-'50
845, 164
1833-'34
-
49, 792
133, 833
172, 391
398, 111
525, 390
1, 142, 713
1850-'51
1834-'35
51, 248
112, 271
170, 282
567, 566
387, 220
1851-'52
1,063, 842
1835-'36
49, 433
216, 418
63,254
1836-'37
912, 376
449, 194 |
1852-'53
1, 209, 173
42, 303
216, 624
59, 144
823, 419
1853-'54
76, 989
Tar and Pitch.
Years.
Barrels.
Total
Value.
Average
Value per
Barrel.
Barrels.
(d.) Exportation of Naval Stores from 1854-55 to 1878-79.
(Separate Quantities and Values; Average and Total Values.)
Rosin and Turpentine.
454, 715 | 1, 406, 488
601, 280
Average
Value per
Barrel.
2,066, 306
Total Value of
preceding.
Total Value.
1854-'55..…….
89, 999
$288, 028
1855-'56.
87,765
235, 487
$3 21
2 67
731, 060
524, 799
1856-'57.
96, 731
$1,761, 428
1, 222, 066
$2 41
$2,042, 456
2 33
208, 610
2 16
1,457, 553
641, 517
1857-'58
1, 544, 575
42, 675
2 41
100, 679
2 36
1,753, 185
1858-'59
374, 573
64, 256
1, 464, 210
3.99
141, 058
2 19
1, 564, 889
798, 083
1859-'60.
2, 248, 381
-
60, 623
2 82
151, 404
2.49
2, 389, 381
770, 652
1860-'61
1, 818, 238
55, 057
2 36
143, 280
260
1,969, 642
536, 207
1861-'62.
9,765
1, 060, 257
1 98
55, 884
5 72
1, 203, 537
65, 441
1862-'63.
293, 400
4 48
11, 956
102, 566
8 58
1863-'64.
17, 025
349, 284
237, 991
7, 156
70, 782
13 98
9 89
340, 557
2, 418
1864-'65.
11, 529
55, 551
22 98
76, 034
6 59
126, 333
11, 232
1865-'66.
157, 662
37, 835
14 03
147, 528
3 93
233, 696
250, 452
1866-'07
·
21, 557
1, 504, 058
600
84, 552
3 92
1, 651, 586
334, 104
1867-'63.
26, 751
1,984, 865
5 92
110, 641
2, 069, 417
4 14
443, 501
1868-'69.
52, 241
2, 028, 514
4 58
105, 025
2, 139, 155
2 01
585, 989
1869-'70...
2, 020, 519
47, 401
3 45
143, 460
2, 125, 544
3 03
583, 316
1870-'71.
-
32, 584
1,776, 625
3 12
93, 884
2 88
1,920, 085
511, 959
1871-'72.
1, 600, 651
3 12
36, 722
131, 010
1,694, 535
3 57
692, 728
1872-'73....
3, 256, 8.54
4 70
43, 535
177, 435
3, 387, 864
4 08
845, 162
1873-174....
1874-'75..
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78...
1878-79....
71, 920
3, 631, 996
4 29
248, 007
3, 809, 431
3 45
929, 342
3, 050, 009
3 28
54, 905
133, 943
3, 298, 016
2 44
937, 527
2,789, 183
2 97
-
69, 138
164, 047
2, 923, 126
2 38
824, 256
2, 188, 623
2 65
-
72, 189
160, 410
2, 353, 270
2 22
900, 056
2, 384, 378
2 65
73, 407
158, 094
2, 544, 788
2 17
1, 042, 183
2, 329, 319
2 23
52, 350
101, 445
1 93
1, 112, 819
2, 159, 141
1 94
2,487, 413
2, 260, 586
Value.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
335
Years.
3.-EXPORTATION OF TAR AND PITCH FROM 1854-55 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Exportation by Foreign Countries.

Argentine
Republic.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Amer-
ican States.
Chili.
China.

Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. | Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value.
1854-'55
906 $2,534
1855-'50
20 $60 2,443
$6, 955
88
400
$321 2,165 $6,253 941
950
$3,823
673
1,851
38
1856-'57
575
1,399
123 1,165
2,784 1,860
1,380
4,308
2, 754
59
130 472
1857-'58
1,218
350
1, 166
679
1, 595
115
270
192
1858-'59
475
188
1,160
2, 842
548
320
601
135
1859-'60
289 402
817
775
1, 705
680
1, 689
470
1,058
53
1860-'61
155 1,326
375
2, 618
798
1,972
5, 081
10
30
353
851
51
1861-'62
131 2,542
5, 359
933
2,713
140
392
23
1862-'63
213
185
717
608
3, 035
100
1863-'64
1, 101
59
660
20
300
79
1, 059
127
1, 115
165
1, 391
1
30
1864-'65
247
51
1, 125
245
2, 224
718 274
2, 650
185
1,420
1865-'66
765
525
3, 416
119
1, 813
4, 150
342
1, 546
25
288
1860-'67
528
827
1, 774
186
2, 869
1, 635
1,045
1867-'68
4, 448
555
423
1, 655
2, 416
500
20
2, 035
60
222
838
1868-'69
30
90
450
2, 202
572
1869-'70
1,976
2
11
265
43
106
795
1,292
4, 042
434
1870-'71
1,153
661
1, 858
2,098
6,051
1,090
2,803
182
483
87
269
1871-'72
552
206
25
}
945
118
10
2,738
43
266
1872-'73
1, 012
222
1, 063
210
45
210
1, 131
530
1,966
165
791
169
1873-'74
893
435
2, 146
540
2,247
→
1,378
1874-'75
4, 283
67
267
315
220
688
1, 087
479
520
1,600 2,152
1, 458
1875-'76
5,838
114
427 385
20
47
1,066
450
6
1, 091
15
100
541
83
308
1876-'77
40
115
1,075
2, 334
85
1877-'78
150
358 1,500
308 1,644
4,733
559
3, 150
1, 365
77
203
98
1878-'79.
308 572
150
336
1, 192
141
363
138
267
257
694 315
635
200
350
France and French Colonies.
Denmark and
Danish
West Indies.
Ecuador.
France.
Years.
Atlantic
Ports.
Mediterra-
nean Ports.
Total
French Colo-
nies.

French Pos-
sessions in
America.
Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
369
516 1, 694
$1,059 60
49
$143 351 $931
147
1856-'57
370
832
250
579 3,722
797
160
5,933 1,929
$1,487 1,148
370 160
2,359 5,651
$2, 418
305
$822
370 216
550
8, 292
169
402
1857-'58
144
611
269
568
1858-'59
272
630
1,125
1,500 1,125
1859-'60
1,500
419
1,010
443
1, 205
1860-'61
388
1, 044
225
6
412
40
30
87 255
499
204
500
6
40
254
632
1861-'62
225
871
1862-'63
74
662
1863-'64
63
390
1864-'65
65
440
1865-'66
57
345
1866-'67
35
137
1867-'68
207
702
1868-'69
1869-'70
192
458
1870-'71
1871-'72
·
263
794
69
222
1872-'73
130
585
1873-'74
98
332
1874-'75
182
601
1875-'76
40
100
1876-277
88
241
1877-'78
95
227
1878-'79
223
264
197
575
264
1, 031
162
642
230
958
501
2, 131
480
1, 602
278
1, 137
195
777
105
494
100
360
155
468
234
745
3,000
8,000
173
588
400
950
127
447
202
400
184
554
239
760
Austria, 1866–67, 275 bbls., $850; 1874-'75, 100 bbls., $400.
Bolivia, 1858-59, 150 bbls., $300; 1865-'66, 372 bbls., $1,494.
Egypt, 1857-'58, 50 bbls., $120.
Greenland, 1866-'67, 3 bbls., $12.
336
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
Spr
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch, by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
France and French Colonies.

French Colonies.
Gormany,¹
Years.
Total
French Pos-
sessions in
Africa.
French West
Indies.
French
Guiana.
Other French
Possessions.

Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value. Bbls. Value.
1854-'55
416
$1,147
283 $1,036
1,882 $4,423 349
$1,043
1855-'56
808
1, 674
102
313
1,280
1,907
1856-'57
598
1, 239
442
817
6,860
10,750 988
2, 001
1857-'58
.50
$97
518
950
65
153
902
1,768
800
1,773
1858-'59
45
100
595
1, 118
265
555
2,449
4, 283
30
70
1859-'60
20
40
316
599
78
175
873
1, 813
1860-'61
15
30
159
334
155
534
1,223
1,571
627
1, 412
1861-'62
144
880
144
880
1862-'63
388
1, 233
388
1, 233
1863-'64
56
202
56
202
1864-'65
55
235
55
248
62
305
197
575
1865-'66
436
1, 819
1866-'67
75
348
201
798
438
1,788
1158
1867-'68
124
387
30
130
30
$130
384
1,475
1432
1720
11, 650
1868-'69
25
136
531
2, 261
425
1,279
1869-'70
17
92
505
1, 738
1870-'71
14
71
295
1,229
1871-'72..
20
101
189
848
1872-'73
24
200
125
595
1873-'74
26
148
279
1,028
5
10
1874-'75
78
193
260
893
40
1875-'76
3,251
8,781 4,102
160
10, 002
1876-'77
40
88
29
123
596
J., 608
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79
6
30
30
6
15
16
82 414
1, 081
92
103
183
37
177
405
1, 212
60
125
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Years.
British Colo-
nies.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.
Gibraltar.

Bbls. Value.
Bbls. Value.
Bbls. Value.
Cbls.
Value.
Bbls.
Value.
1854-'55.
1855-'55...
1856-'57
1857-'58
22, 988 $77, 030
25, 515 72, 872
27, 253 63, 498
6, 777
17, 864 $69, 410
9, 717 29, 283
12, 742 26, 680
264 $1,135
41, 116
35, 230
$146, 575
102, 155
724
39, 995
17, 207
90, 178
270
3, 939
$1,762
662
9, 311
1, 200
1,779
1858-'59
11, 916
17, 011
35, 492
28, 357
650
11, 109
11, 109
25, 348
2, 653
1,300
1859-'60
3, 563
13, 715
30, 773
35, 267
64, 383
350
6, 174| 18, 100
700
3, 494
1860-'61
20, 027
5, 030
23, 383
58,397
53, 045
115
223
6, 635
17,793
50
112
1861-'62
26, 712
70, 950
350
712
1862-'63
1863-'64
2,279
23, 736
·
350
1864-'65
461
3, 125
3, 500
92
377
1,733
10, 852
1, 723
1865-'66.
1866-'67
8, 123
1, 317
10,852
33, 059
3, 434
|
11, 776 32, 803
2, 199
19, 899
65, 862
50
150
6, 636
3,516
1867-'68.
10, 070
7,073
332
28, 688
980
2,864 | 10, 902
18
68
1868-'69
9, 955
15, 708
39, 658
58, 636 |
16, 541
59, 712
200
532
1869-'70
8,085
32, 449
118, 880
19, 800
6, 425
15, 202
3,600
7,730
18, 110
1870-'71
5, 325
14, 450
42, 792
2, 257
1871-'72
11, 649
41, 035
2,809
4, 063
8,500
7,582
18, 513
10
30
14, 458
1872-'73
14, 538
49, 535
25
60, 186
88
4, 528| 17, 688
1873-'74
19, 066
24, 077
77, 874
81, 464
11, 647
35, 494
4, 210
1874-'75
12, 060
39, 934
129, 018
·
13, 774
25, 450
4,768
8, 677
1875-'76..
18, 542
17, 906
34, 127
31, 202
4, 437
7,583
2,132
1876-'77
4,300
24, 475
31,955
43, 145
58,918
6,808
11, 518
20
29
1877-'78
24, 668
38, 783
38, 449
70, 465
30
85
7,126
11, 160
1878-'79..
20, 249
31, 794
49, 609
100
31, 869
200
5,791
8,095
26, 040
39, 964
60
136
¹ All Hamburg excepting in 1856-'57, when 198 barrels ($228) were to Bremen.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
337
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Malta.
British West Indies. British Guiana.¹
British Hondu-
ras.i
Canada.2
Bbls.
Value.
Bbls.
Value.
Bbls. Value.
Bbls. Value.
Bbls.
Value.
1854-55
1, 693
$4, 129
2,259
1855-56
$6, 194
1, 919
862❘
4,896
$2,293
2,426
490❘ $1,694
1856-'57
5,949
5, 386
$14, 928
746
1,887
283
130
583
247
3, 9.57
2,857
5, 350
13, 398
1857-58
1, 478
3, 158
210
725
606
1, 551
2,725
2,471
1858-59
5, 316
9, 470
880
1, 752
372
973
1,735
2, 205
4, 530
6, 350
1859-'60
910
2, 049
167
125
461
223
1860-'61
2,293
3,628
4, 494
8,743
1,037
410
2,284
360
767
1, 031
762
1, 826
1861-'62
3, 653
455
1, 251
90
282
1, 647
1,776
1862-63
7,934
1863-'64
1, 150
10, 232
2,903
3, 154
6, 231
15,763
358
3, 593
1804-'65
5, 293
20, 824
2, 718
233
1865-'66
1, 318
14, 717
310
2, 109
10
100
322
882
1866-'67
3, 237
2, 339
514
2,715
29
211
880
2, 181
1867-'68
3, 481
14, 100
668
3, 185
65
239
485
2, 989
1868-'69
1,592
13, 062
686
2, 833
131
709
3, 108
1,806
16, 144
1869-'70
6, 251
1, 464
8,280
33, 104
1870-'71
4, 486
2, 317
10, 294
1871-'72
6, 455
39, 703
1, 364
10, 837
1872-'73
5, 526
33, 662
898
14, 435
1873-'74
3,976
38, 694
1,245
4, 461
-
962
6, 688
1874-'75.
3, 495
26, 209
997
3,576
1875-'76
1, 598
10, 625
4, 250
37, 781
1, 044
2,740
1, 213
15, 073
1876-'77
3, 146
29, 998
1,774
4, 212
1877-'78
1, 086
10, 100
2,845
19, 942
2, 178
5, 356
975
8, 885
1878-'79
2,290
20,779
1, 065
2, 417
$51
13, 039
1, 956
1,770
33, 863
3, 894
126
325
7,302
14, 611
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Other British North
American Posses-
sions.3
British Possessions
in Africa.
British East Indies.
Australasia, &c.


Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
10, 195
$26, 343
361
1855-'56
$1, 276
4, 798
12, 653
27, US3
$14, 260
766
657
$2,069
1856-'57
1,380
8, 063
6, 243
21, 697
13, 533
1, 140
805
2,886
1857-'58
1, 687
8, 388
17,929
950
5, 460
11,436
80
1,907
1858-'59
192
7,774
17, 870
4, 601
11, 155
16
32
942
1859-'60
2,278
3,278
7, 340
7,789
15, 356
335
1860-'61
925
8, 075
4,345
11, 305
24, 879
150
323
310
1861-'62
924
3, 885
11, 165
360
725
1862-'63
412
1, 441
1863-'64
497
4,966
1864-'65
282
1,346
5, 438
7, 195
126
1865-'66
800
1,350
5, 153
5, 600
22, 039
1,370
147
6, 238
1866-'67
612
794
3, 228
2,275
13, 307
150
600
301
1867-'68
1,432
300
3, 919
15, 944
1, 200
120
610
1, 012
1868-'69
2,589
700
645
3,007
75
2, 711
367
505
1869-'70
1, 923
3, 145
1,250
8, 271
5, 665
383
273
1, 982
1870-'71
886
550
1, 083
1, 925
257
3.423
987
135
1871-'72
501
1,295
1, 200
3, 950
210
5, 275
458
70
1872-'73
359
350
5, 416
20, 085
1, 325
70
314
208
1873-'74
$32
550
8, 630
310
27, 646
100
437
55
1874-'75
234
5, 896
18, 154
190
657
60
1875-'76
195
400
7,507
21, 725
1,718
37
1, 223
4, 192
1876-'77
155
550
7, 353
3, 681
1, 057
255
765
1877-'78
500
11, 388
29, 545
1, 421
210
556
115
1878-'79 .
337
249
6, 775
16, 887
620
25
137
75
407
100
215
535
1, 038
¹Included with "British West Indies" in years not separately reported.
2 The last six years reported as
46
Quebec, Ontario, &c.
3 Includes "British Possessions on the Pacific." The last six years reported as "New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, &c."
"Additions from Canadian reports," 1873-74, $9,228; 1874-'75, $6,737.
British Columbia, 1872-'73, 28 barrels, $232; 1873-74, 27 barrels. $181; 1874-75, 34 barrels, $229; 1875-'76,
27 barrels, $153; 1876-77, 82 barrels, $459; 1877-'78, 67 barrels, $359; 1878-'79, 60 barrels, $304.
Newfoundland and Labrador, 1872-'73, 1.172 barrels, $5,141; 1873-'74, 1,130 barrels, $4,391; 1874-'75,
806 barrels, $2,497; 1875-'76, 962 barrels, $2,525; 1876-'77, 1,216 barrels, $3,681; 1877-'78, 1,520 barrels,
$3,772; 1878-'79, 1,528 barrels, $3,509.
Hong-Kong, 1874-75, 305 barrels, $919; 1875-'76, 120 barrels, $241; 1877-'78, 400 barrels, $681.
"All other British Possessions," 1872-73, 100 barrels, $375.
22 FOR
338
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
Hayti.
Years.
Total British Colo- | Great Britain and
nies.
British Colonies.
Holland.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
26, 810
$72, 686
1855-'56
67, 926 |
$219, 261
293
32, 717
$908
110
59, 824
$319
67, 947
161, 979
653
1856-'57
23, 802
54, 668
1, 631
80
164
63,807
1857-'58
144, 846
277
573
17, 244
40, 057
7,042
29, 160
8, 213
68, 414
315
1858-'59
736
19, 254
44, 420
50, 027
1859-'60
108, 803
255
702
20, 592
53, 391
43, 975
111, 788
503
1860-'61
1, 146
13, 813
37, 015
40, 525
107, 965
1188
1861-'62
1483
80
4, 962
25, 138
4, 962
25, 138
1209
1862-'63
11,475
2112
5, 240
36, 022
461
2705
7,519
1863-'64
59, 758
1227
12, 410
274
3, 540
25, 825
2204
3, 800
29, 325
54
1864-'65
747
2140
4, 953
24,930
21, 244
6, 676
35, 782
73
1865-'66
734
9,900
45, 939
29, 799
111, 801
222
1866-'67
8, 833
1, 304
410
37, 018
1,285
12, 399
47, 088
130
444
1867-'68
9, 714
43, 186
19, 669
82, 844
83
1868-'69
401
12, 869
51, 574
45, 318
170, 454
131
1126
1869-'70
15,983
56, 264
34, 093
99, 056
1241
1689
1870-'71
100
15, 802
400
47, 579
23, 384
66, 091
1488
1871-'72
11, 570
-
15, 309
52, 511
29, 767
102, 046
208
851
1872-'73
16, 465
62, 048
35, 531
140, 022
367
1873-'74
1,700
22, 816
87, 189
62, 750
216, 207
290
192
1874-'75
26, 437
71, 629
44, 879
105, 756
310
1875-'76
1, 087
22, 549
54, 221
47, 024
97, 366
145
491
1876-'77
21, 540
55, 216
60,323
125, 681
246
693
1877-'78
28, 943
74, 159
60, 737
123, 768
262
758
1878-'79
55
19, 204
43, 281
45, 214
83, 245
37
123
8
260
18
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Dutch West Indies.
Dutch Guiana.
Dutch East Indies.
Total Dutch Colo-
nies.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854 '55
283
$621
142
$369
949
$2,890
1, 374
1855-'56
$3,880
52
144
334
657
351
1,663
737
2, 464
1856-'57
85
210
370
827
723
1, 612
1, 178
2, 649
1857-'58
276
672
490
945
352
970
1, 118
2,587
1858-'59
433
812
15
30
530
1, 047
978
1, 889
1859-'60
16
47
145
380
400
911
561
1, 338
1860-'61
371
623
155
150
750
1, 525
1, 276
2,298
1861-'62
(3)
(3)
(3)
1862-'63
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1863-'64
•
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1864-'65
17
370
138
•
1, 494
757
3, 100
912
4, 964
1865-'66
37
168
100
575
150
300
287
1, 043
1866-'67
106
320
110
495
575
2, 456
791
3, 271
1867-'68
107
573
40
167
450
1,575
597
2, 215
1868-'69
4415
41, 537
100
375
515
1, 912
1869-'70
322
912
213
500
535
1, 912
1870-'71
209
732
150
468
359.
1, 200
1871-'72
401
1, 505
50
178
451
1, 683
1872-'73 ..
279
1, 292
10
52
289
1, 344
1873-'74
199
744
199
744
1874-'75
292
837
120
290
412
1, 127
1875-'76
247
722
247
722
1876-'77
295
830
200
756
495
1, 586
1877-'78
172
445
314
685
486
1,130
1878-'79..
290
722
20
49
250
942
560
1, 713
¹Hayti and San Domingo.
2 Holland and Dutch Colonies.
3 Included with Holland.
4 This and following years include Dutch West Indies and Dutch Guiana.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
339
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Holland and Dutch
Colonies.
Italy.
Japan.
Liberia.
Years.
Total Holland and
Colonics.

Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1, 484
$4, 199
1765
1$2,489
1855-'56
817
2, 628
2268
2575
1856-'57
8, 220
10,862
3815
31, 602
1857-'58
1, 118
2,587
325
353
·
1858-'59
978
1, 889
3300
3600
1859-'60
561
1,338
4310
4600
1860-'61
1,356
2, 359
12
$42
1861-'62
112
705
10
132
1862-'63
74
294
52
900
1863-'64
-
140
1, 244
1864-'65
-
912
4, 964
1865-'66
697
2, 328
303
994
1866-'67 ..
791
3,271
18
90
1867-'68
597
2, 215
40
200
10
78
1868-'69
515
1,912
1869-'70
635
:
1, 812
21
99
1870-'71
359
1, 200
20
50
64
326
1871-'72
451
1,683
12
54
57
328
26
1872-'73
289
$103
1, 344
80
290
14
1873-'74
69
·
199
744
26
1874-'75
99
412
1, 127
250
450
19
1875-'76
57
247
722
6, 900
26, 700
19
164
1876-'77
20
55
495
1, 586
2,371
6, 835
178
827
13
1877-'78
29
541
1, 391
4,038
1878-79...
11, 847
77
260
568
1, 731
660
1, 439
110
223

Years.
Mexico.
New Grenada.5
Peru.
Portugal and Por-
tuguese Colonies.
Portugal.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Valuo.
1854-'55
676
$2,359
520
1855-'56..
$1,803
1, 445
626
2,043
$4,091
1, 343
$4, 476
941
1850-'57
2, 539
1, 041
962
2, 634
1,051
2, 676
1, 224
2,387
1857-'58
3, 570
350
777
285
969
646
2,677
591
1858-'59..
1, 639
175
350
230
586
460
1,742
860
1859-'60
1, 621
414
907
70
816
135
2, 882
659
1860-61
1, 640
747
1,909
150
689
2, 062
264
437
1861-'62
1, 004
570
282
1, 297
869
1, 624
6684
3, 203
1862-'63
65, 544
459
6
18
4, 732
6521
1863-'64
66,540
400
320
1, 925
4,304
6528
1864-'65
66,459
279
4, 182
328
13
4, 002
169
192
1865-'66
2,565
530
432
3,473
2, 619
884
1866-'67
3,803
142
1, 015
115
471
2,390
613
434
1867-'68
1,668
366
429
1, 076
225
929
2, 005
180
1868-'69
715
85
347
655
2, 903
108
1869-'70
413
800
859
2, 665
50
2, 869
200
189
1870-'71
525
1, 124
652
3, 037
2,097
1, 500
368
1871-'72
1,026
9,500
605
714
1, 542
1, 505
485
1872-'73
2, 065
703
2, 930
518
2,578
564
1873-'74
2, 696
229
778
2, 891
1, 041
535
1874-'75
1, 914
149
450
394
1, 603
595
1875-'76
2, 173
525
855
2,846
1,500
10
25
779
1876-'77
1,835
166
417
1, 104
3, 673
835
1877-'78
2, 189
550
591
1, 894
1, 651
230
618
666
1878-'79
1,745
249
581
465
1, 748
8
38
676
1,771
160
305
¹Of this 40 barrels ($120) went to the Papal States, 150 ($640) to Sardinia, and 272 ($850) to Tuscany.
2 Austrian Possessions in Italy.
3 Two Sicilies.
4 Sardinia.
5"United States of Colombia" since 1866-'67.
• New Granada and Venezuela.
Sicily, 1866-'67, 195 barrels, $665.
Nicaragua, 1866-'67, 35 barrels, $114; 1867-'68, 24 barrels, $126.
340
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Years.
Azores.
Capo de Verde
Islands.
Madeira.
Total Portugal and
Colonies.


Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-55
15
$31
33
$113
1,391
$4, 620
1855-'56
300
$495
55
172
35
96
1, 441
3, 150
1856-'57
290
588
75
166
50
120
700
1, 520
1857-'58
30
64
102
245
100
250
462
1, 019
1858-'59
189
359
15
30
110
297
384
821
1859-'60
45
103
32
80
227
447
1860-'61
70
305
72
183
1,011
3,691
1861-'62
6
18
1862-'63
1863-'64
13
169
1864-'65
20
100
20
100
1865-'66
10
60
125
673
1866-67
34
147
30
100
289
1, 176
1867-'08
20
65
130
444
150
509
1868-'69
144
549
1869-'70
1, 641
10, 063
1870-'71
42
120
1871-'72
85
388
1872-73
3
17
1873-'74
53
53
1874-75
72
233
1875-'76
52
165
1876-'77
1191
11, 064
1877-'78
2223
2579
1878-'79
75
316
3175
3225
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Spain.

Years.
Atlantic Ports.
Mediterranean
Ports.

Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Valne.
1854-'55
291
$904
295
$1, 197
140
$459
504
$1,638
1855-'56..
182
495
252
887
600
1,729
816
2,530
1856-'57
230
460
339
1, 109
1,096
2,766
1857-'58
103
192
338
1, 372
200
400
811
1,786
1858-'59
108
215
249
710
50
100
179
442
1859-'60
67
142
157
476
636
1, 086
1860-'01
76
292
237
406
100
250
150
305
1861-'62
54
281
1862-'63
62
532
1863-'64
68
752
1864-'65
30
542
54
423
1865-'66
35
122
110
703
1866-'67
51
171
214
1,255
412
1867-'68
10
33
50
212
224
1,273
827
1868-'69
82
476
1869-'70
200
850
1870-'71
96
375
1871-'72
74
295
27
225
1872-73
41
185
70
363
1873-'74
34
121
100
431
1874-'75
48
148
25
75
·
1875-'76
45
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
52
ANXX
117
53
224
27
75
272
1, 361
53
153
95
476
149
230
930
Russia (Asiatic), 1857-'58, 40 barrels, $360.
Russia (Baltic), 1859-'60, 75 barrels, $180.
Russia and Possessions, 1863-'64, 30 barrels, $300; 1868-'69, 31 barrels, $105; 1874-75, 1 barrel, $7.
Salvador, 1867-'68, 1 barrel, $10.
¹ Azores, Madeira, and Cape de Verde Islands, 141 barrels ($370), and Portuguese Possessions in Africa
and adjacent islands, 20 barrels ($76), included in these totals.
2 Azores, Madeira, and Cape de Verde Islands, 215 barrels ($541), included in these totals.
3 Includes 100 barrels ($225) for Portuguese Possessions in Africa and adjacent islands.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
341
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.

Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Total Spain.
Canary Islands.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Valuo.
1854-'55
644
$2,097
80
$227
2, 399
$7, 668
622
1855-'56
$1,739
1,416
4, 259
3, 912
10, 759
292
735
1856-'57
1,096
2,7C6
60
132
3, 215
7, 511
476
1, 114
1857-'58
1, 011
2, 186
167
378
3, 960
8, 463
316
654
1858-'59
229
542
115
282
3, 271
7,756
352
783
1859-'60
636
1, 086
70
173
3, 394
7, 812
389
910
1860-'61
250
555
70
144
2,705
5, 797
175
435
1861-'62
-
50
592
1, 981
13, 771
1862-'63
5
80
1, 692
18, 654
1863-'64
-
16
313
957
1864-'65
15, 447
264
3,999
49
481
1865-'66
2,221
1866-'67
9, 973
169
386
412
1,273
25
150
1,274
4, 914
54
226
1867-'68
274
1, 039
45
138
1,865
6, 950
151
515
1868-'69 ...
405
1, 417
831
2, 703
85
311
1869-'70 ..
64
140
2,975
9, 272
329
890
1870-'71
354
487
2, 597
7,000
290
731
1871-'72
97
353
2, 682
8, 986
209
$19
1872-'73
794
3, 677
2,566
1873-'74
9, 467
290
1, 244
→
25
75
3,704
11, 815
100
406
1874-'75
•
1, 685
4, 521
223
596
1875-'76
168
476
3, 131
1876-'77
8, 713
148
370
327
883
1, 190
1877-'78
3, 143
230
709
140
420
1, 821
1878-'79
4,832
130
348
100
270
35
84
1,352
2,964
187
404
Spain and Spanish
Colonies.
Turkish Possessions.
Swedish West In-
dies.
Years.
Total.
Turkey in Europe.
Turkey in Asia.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1854-'55...
1855-'56
3, 895
5, 620
$12, 206
15,753
300
$730
50
1856-'57
$125
450
6, 506
1,087
13, 472
2
1857-'58
$4
150
300
400
828
5,954
11, 681
1158-'59
265
466
3, 967
9, 363
4
9
1859-'60
5, 384
10, 761
4
8
175
1860-'61
345
3, 210
7, 153
6
16
1861-'62
2, 031
14, 363
3
11
1862-'63
1, 677
18, 734
1863-'64
-
973
15,760
1864-'65
·
313
4, 480
1865-'66
2, 390
10, 359
1866-'67
1, 765
6, 563
1867-'08
2, 335
8, 642
1868-'69
1, 321
4, 431
1869-'70
3,368
10, 302
1870-'71
3,249
8, 242
1871-'72
·
2, 988
10, 158
1872-'73
-
3, 655
1873-'74
14, 408
3, 921
12,636
1874-'75
1, 811
•
•
5, 464
75
1875-'76.
176
3,447
1876-'77
9, 559
1, 868
5, 014
1877-'78
2, 340
6, 286
1, 674
3,722
1878-'79.
Spanish African Islands, 1872-'73, 5 barrels, $20; 1873-'74, 92 barrels, $340; 1874-75, 6 barrels, $20;
1876-'77, 26 barrels, $67.
"Other Spanish Possessions," 1870-'71, 8 barrels, $24; 1874-75, 97 barrels, $327; 1876-'77, 75 barrels,
$212.
Philippine Islands, 1854-'55, 150 barrels, $475; 1856-'57, 659 barrels, $1,949; 1859-'60, 295 barrels, $780;
1864-'65, 10 barrels, $152.
Turkey and Possessions, 1870-'71, 10 barrels, $30.
Sweden and Norway, 1863-'64. 7 barrels, $33.
342
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(a.) Exportation of Tar and Pitch by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.
Years.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
"Other Ports in
Africa."

Barrels.
Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
106
$343
484
$1,602
556
$1,094
100
212
380
1, 005
898
2, 141
250
506
777
1, 573
1, 373
3, 011
1857-'58.
222
478
270
929
902
2, 128
1858-'59
100
206
422
1, 184
430
1,261
1859-'60
675
1, 424
163
391
495
1,363
1860-'61
330
710
302
663
280
1,000
1861-'62
25
119
(1)
60
394
1862-'63
198
2,283
(1)
21
155
1863-'64
(¹)
1864-'65
50
300
109
1, 224
1865-'66...
470
1, 656
20
155
22
130
1866-'67
100
350
18
102
142
960
1867-'68
177
672
611
2, 303
171
762
1868-'69.
127
485
1869-'70..
230
652
230
578
1870-'71
232
747
1871-'72
27
54
261
1, 144
1872-'73
230
931
245
1,081
150
543
1873-'74
261
960
283
1, 159
120
505
1874-'75
160
475
215
733
20
55
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
124
1878-'79.
287
8825
141
586
1, 819
20
73
60
137
483
1, 334
361
333
1,044
650
261
812
“All other Ports not specified," 1868-'69, 22 barrels, $90; 1869-'70, 96 barrels, $240; 1870-'71, 40 barrels,
$135; 1876-77, 1 barrel, $6; 1877-'78, 1 barrel, $7.
"Other Islands in the Pacific," 1856-57, 26 barrels, $108; 1857-'58, 10 barrels, $73; 1859-'60, 1 barrel,
$6; 1860–61, 85 barrels, $263; 1861-'62, 12 barrels, $125; 1863-'64, 37 barrels, $216; 1865-'66, 16 barrels,
$146: 1867-'68, 8 barrels, $48.
"Whale Fisheries," 1854-55, 49 barrels, $304; 1855-'56, 31 barrels, $142; 1856-'57, 19 barrels, $76;
1857-'58, 6 barrels, $18; 1858-59, 4 barrels, $14.
"Other Countries in South America," 30 barrels ($63) in 1877-'78; 100 barrels ($173) in 1878-'79.
1
¹ Reported with New Granada.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.

Years.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.
Continental Ports
of Baltic and
Black Seas.
Total.¹
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value. Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
4, 059
$10, 473
1855-'56
42, 950
3, 663
$152, 443
479
9, 583
$1,422
37, 605
1856-'57
108, 033
80
4, 520
164
8, 162
44, 272
47, 488
41, 348
$164, 338
117, 780
1857-'58
97, 419
1,826
8, 040
10, 214
3, 856
52, 312
12, 996
107, 633
1858-59
30, 517
800
1, 604
2, 542
1, 773
13, 796
31, 243
32, 290
1859-'60
65, 318
30
1, 276
70
2, 341
23, 873
31, 273
1860-'61
59, 296
65, 388
560
1, 072
28, 037
23, 873
1861-'02
75, 155
59, 296
717
1,903
10
132
28, 754
6
77, 058
18
1862-'03
112
705
52
118
900
723
2,274
1863-'64
23, 736
74
294
2, 348
455
24, 030
1864-'65
4, 046
140
1,244
595
1,723
1865-66
10, 852
5, 290
274
303
2, 650
994
1, 997
20, 064
13, 502
66, 625
1866-'67
410
452
1,285
1,473
20, 474
4, 073
67, 910
19, 979
1867-'68
224
827
4, 073
10, 005
1868-'69
39,870
19, 979
178
780
10, 183
32, 499
40, 650
1869-'70
119, 080
450
1,785
33, 360
-
19, 610
1870-'71
52, 322
122, 282
100
30
30
19, 774
52, 460
7,592
1871-'72
18, 601
12
50
7,976
14, 483
19, 118
1872-'73
49, 535
10
43
54
19, 066
14, 602
49, 981
77, 874
1873-'74
5
10
19, 865
81, 605
►
39, 934
1874-'75
129, 018
350
40, 059
850
129, 453
18, 552
1875-'76
34, 152
635
-
6, 900
1,936
26, 700
19, 567
24, 475
16, 938
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
43, 145
4, 108
2, 371
10, 017
38, 650
6, 835
39, 043
88,338
71, 168
88
241
4, 038
42, 229
11, 847
31, 902
80, 077
49, 847
1, 555
660
3, 410
37, 837
1, 439
65, 924
26, 275
40, 325
68
143
27, 242
42, 667
Including France and Spain, which, since 1877-'78, have not been separately reported by Atlantic
and Mediterranean Coasts.
NAVAL STORES.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL
343
Years.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions-Continued.
Atlantic Islands
Africa.
Asia, Australasia,
&c.
(Spanish and Por-
tuguese).
West Indies.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
917
$3,180
6, 042
$28, 347
128
1855-'56
$371
6, 593
$19, 181
1, 555
3, 521
8, 066
24, 247
380
763
1856-'57
8,375
21, 387
2, 178
4, 698
9, 4:0
20, 650
475
1857-'58
1,006
7,740
1,032
16, 461
2,417
5, 291
13, 497
399
937
1858-'59
8, 213
16, 983
1,417
3, 639
4, 057
9, 546
429
968
1859-'60
7, 223
15, 925
850
2, 328
8,632
26, 266
147
356
1860-'61
6, 982
15, 658
605
1,954
4,884
13, 638
212
632
1861-'62
5, 506
11, 633
60
394
466
1,722
1862-'63
3,984
24, 071
21
155
559
5,478
1863-'64
3, 457
32, 529
350
6, 190
1864-'65
1, 425
21, 688
181
1,035
2, 161
9, 123
30
160
1865-'66
976
9, 553
169
742
1, 054
3,278
34
147
1866-'67
4, 135
18, 153
518
2,740
1, 089
1867-'68
4, 911
75
315
3, 163
12, 741
905
3, 738
1, 150
4, 582
175
582
1868-'69
3,588
13,595
505
1, 923
5, 108
12, 528
94
1869-'70
349
3, 168
10.928
273
886
2, 331
7, 164
141
153
1870-'71
5, 331
16, 245
135
501
2, 015
8, 315
42
120
1871-'72
6, 164
15, 482
96
462
1, 084
4,336
85
1872-'73
388
5, 003
18, 204
377
1, 464
1,350
3,699
3
1873-'74
17
4, 616
18, 663
293
858
769
2,546
53
1874-'75
233
5, 440
17, 226
105
327
2, 522
8, 292
62
1875-'76
208
4,350
11, 781
77
283
5, 351
13, 868
52
1876-'77
165
1,760
4, 709
39
96
1, 919
6, 286
261
1877-'78
446
3, 134
8,383
121
367
1, 601
3, 160
264
1878-'79
652
3, 514
167
9, 068
499
1, 425
3, 698
210
625
3,095
6, 765
South America.
Years.
Atlantic Ports.
Pacific Ports.
Total.
Mexico and Cen-
tral America.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
5,751
3, 676
$16, 935
1,445
$4,091
9, 414
1, 040
1856-'57
2, 634
7, 196
4, 716
6, 496
$21, 026
12, 048
1, 254
$4,374
947
14, 604
350
2, 749
1857-'58
777
6,846
·
2,756
21, 481
7,491
1, 231
175
3, 412
1858-'59
1859-'60
350
2, 931
-
4, 052
7, 841
9,088
1, 456
416
3,920
906
4, 468
9,994
·
4, 002
888
9, 057
747
2, 492
1860-'61
1,909
4, 749
2, 562
10, 966
5, 961
1, 229
570
4,068
1861-62
1, 297
3, 132
7,258
849
6, 055
830
2,475
1862-'63
849
6, 055
·
819
305
9, 924
400
1, 837
1863-'64
1,925
1, 219
772
8, 909
11, 849
518
279
5, 392
1864-'65
4, 182
1, 051
725
13, 091
6, 730
321
530
4,334
1865-'66
3, 473
2, 403
1, 255
10, 203
338
9, 853
142
4, 102
1866-'67
1, 015
2, 524
2, 545
10, 868
486
9, 932
366
1867-'68
1,076
3, 118
2, 890
1, 656
11,008
536
6, 310
85
2, 649
1868-'69
347
1,741
964
6, 657
3, 825
562
800
2, 725
1869-'70
2,665
3, 221
1, 764
6, 490
682
10, 817
1870-'71
1, 124
2, 914
3, 037
1, 995
4,345
13, 854
8, 907
859
605
2, 869
1871-'72
1, 542
2, 600
1, 274
10, 449
5,524
739
703
1872-'73
2, 930
2, 366
2,929
1, 977
8, 454
12, 316
936
229
1873-74
1, 041
2, 567
-
3,769
3, 158
13, 357
12, 979
687
149
3, 471
1874-'75
450
5, 141
3, 918
13.429
13, 713
845
525
1875-'76.
1, 560
3, 158
5, 666
3, 326
8, 605
15, 273
508
206
2,030
1870-'77
532
3,532
3,556
9, 137
9, 006
938
1877-78
2, 194
6, 384
3, 154
1,292
5,750
15, 390
2,978
1, 189
821
1878-79
1,773
3, 981
2, 143
3,302
4,814
7,779
689
475
2, 202
940
3,777
8,892
848
2,767
344
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions-Continued.

Years.
Other North Amer-
ican Ports and
Islands.
Uncertain.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55...
1855-'50
1856-'57
15, 886
$42, 093
16, 826
41, 031
1857-'58
8, 883
23, 405
1858-'59
7,464
18, 554
1859-'60
11, 821
27, 623
1860-'01
8, 306
19, 010
1861-'62
6, 375
18, 168
1862-63
2, 903
15, 763
1863-'64
3, 593
20, 824
·
1864-'65
2, 718
14,717
1865-'66
1,865
10, 109
1866-'67
7,598
37, 170
1867-68
6, 379
27, 011
1868-69
7,257
33, 046
1869-'70
35, 815
8, 925
553
$2,351
1870-'71
47, 974
13, 439
796
2,436
1871-'72
37, 085
11, 920
353
1,288
1872-'73
43, 969
12, 730
209
848
1873-'74
51, 947
13, 364
120
476
1874-75
79, 574
20, 502
24
200
1875-'76
58, 019
21, 918
123
475
1876-'77
11, 769
14, 933
8
60
1877-'78
17, 663
45, 411
105
341
1878-'79
27, 321
71, 243
217
666
16, 525
34, 311
37
177
Years.
(b.) Exportation, by Districts, with General Summaries.
(Quantity: Barrels.)

Passamaquoddy,
Me.
Bangor, Me.
Portland, Me.
Salem, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
New
Bedford
Mass.
Fall River, Mass.
New
London,
Conn.
New York, N. Y.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
1867-'68
70
26
6, 699
8
1868-'69
10, 734
11
4, 959
120
57
18
7, 171
22
9
1869-'70
6 37, 961
361
355
20
10
6, 252
1,210
30
25, 694
142
1870-'71
760
808
·
12
75
10
5, 913
40
10
20
1871-'72
11, 580
190
592
106
4,853
1
1872-'73
6, 339
1, 659
281
1
59 250
5, 215
12, 172
60
1873-'74
1, 160
520
•
1874-¹75
44 海
​11
10
4,843
2
33, 902
1, 417
896
20
5, 292
21
1875-'76
14, 246
45
970
97
100
5,472
9❘ 24, 598
227
1876-'77
1, 025
55
21
•
6, 481
11 11, 723
1877-'78
1, 742
493
205
7,812
5
13, 061
1878-'79
4, 448
492
80
6, 072
10, 546
3,579
782
77
Norfolk, Va.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
345
Years.
(b.) Exportation, by Districts, with General Summaries-Continued.


1867-'68
89
641
30
340
4
89 37
314
9
129
58
1868-'69
83
341
106
545
55
5
261
20
52
49
1869-'70
358
7, 319
30
29
104
241
2
112
1
39
1870-'71
38
6, 255
24
536
417
53
135
201
302
1871-'72
4, 570
224
3
10
129
1872-'73
17
4, 995
44
32
10
241
6
92
2
36
1873-'74
-
55 | 17, 605
493
39
1,855
91
6
1874-'75
107
18, 142
69
6
288
177
107
35
202
1875-'76
123
25, 069
58
174
18
1, 937
4
161
38
188
1876-'77
105
35, 408
103
107
46
210
6, 106
409
10
113
1877-'78
189 33 519
56
100
384
214
13
81
1878-'79
110
23, 076
66
45
19
266
350
9
32

Years.
Cuyahoga, Ohio.
Buffalo Creek, N. Y.
Oswego, N. Y.
Cape Vincent, N. Y.
Champlain, N. Y.
New England
Coast.
Middle Atlan-
tic Coast.
Southern At-
lantic Coast.
Gulf Coast.
General Summary.
Pacific Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
1867-'68.
5
674
497
1,162
1868-'69.
2
894
115
2, 445
6, 803
7,283
1869-'70..
1870-'71.
3
741
540
4, 096
6, 286
15, 824
39, 962
27,404
1,
132
449
129
1,234
1, 040
201
52
1, 060
7, 821
347
112
1, 325
1
391
890
4, 751
6, 080
12, 474
1871-'72.
7,280
188
201
1, 610
2
•
601
3, 444
4,854
8, 579
1872-'73.
4, 794
3
745
584
439
5, 334
5,529
13, 945
5,071
287
92
1873-'74..
5
1, 061
755
1,417
194
8, 212
4,899
36, 235
18, 234
1874-'75.
1, 855
91
2, 113
314
1, 007
72
13, 437
5, 339
15, 458
18, 391
510
1875-'76.
107
566
10
96
376
191
8, 978
5, 581
1876-'77..
25, 905
25, 424
1,965
162
1, 122
2,086
20
5, 677
6,523
1877-'78..
14, 162
34, 042
6, 308
409
17,896
944
30
11, 444
7, 817
18, 081
1878-'79.
33, 867
484 214
1,068
1,487
72
5, 650
6, 091
14, 984
23, 297
325
351
7, 302
Alaska, 1 in 1875-'76; 3 in 1877-'78; 1 in 1878-79.
Albemarle, N. C., 28 in 1867-'68; 57 in 1874-75.
Belfast, Me., 7 in 1878-'79.
Chicago, Ill., 300 in 1876-'77; 20 in 1877–78.
Corpus Christi, Tex., 4 in 1872-'73.
Delaware, Del., 33 in 1872-'73.
Duluth, Minn., 2 in 1874-'75; 2 in 1878-'79.
Frenchman's Bay, Me. 2 in 1874-75.
Genesee, N. Y., 11 in 1870-'71; 1 in 1875-'76.
Huron, Mich., 220 in 1875-'76; 635 in 1876–77; 482 in 1877–78.
Key West, Fla., 24 in 1872-'73.
Machias, Me., 4 in 1872-'73.
Newark, N. J., 300 in 1871-'72.
New Haven, Conn., 13 in 1874-'95; 20 in 1876–’77.
Newport, R. I., 4 in 1869-'70.
Oswegatchie, N. Y., 1 in 1869-'70; 15 in 1870-'71.
་
Pearl River, Miss., 45 in 1874-75; 6 in 1875-'76; 40 in 1878-79.
Providence, R. I., 6 in 1876-'77; 12 in 1878-'79.
Richmond, Va., 75 in 1868-'69; 100 in 1874-'75.
Saint John's, Fla., 85 in 1869-'70; 22 in 1873–74; 10 in 1874-75; 100 in 1876–77.
Saint Mary's, Ga.,10 in 1870-'71.
Sandusky, Ohio, 4 in 1874–75; 2 in 1875-'76; 3 in 1876-'77; 3 in 1877–’78.
Superior, 2 in 1877-'78.
Teche, 2 in 1877-'78.
Texas, Tex., 5 in 1868-'69; 2 in 1872-73; 1 in 1876-77; 3 in 1877–78.
Vermont, 41 in 1876-77; 20 in 1877-'78; 50 in 1878-'79.
346
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
4. EXPORTATION OF ROSIN AND TURPENTINE.
(a.) From 1854-'55 to 1867-'68.
(Quantities and Values.)
Argentine Republic.
Austria.1
Years.
Belgium.
Brazil.



Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56.
3,077
$6, 409
400
$800
111, 057
1, 455
2,459
$220, 503
32, 201
1,729
1856-'57
3, 237
$60, 946
68, 867
·
970
1, 840
128, 363
17, 181
1857-'58
3, 949
7,554
31, 230
70, 154
125, 957
1858-'59
575
3,838
902
10,570
13, 946
25, 314
18, 566
34, 622
71, 616
6, 874
11, 450
1859-'60
7,989
19, 425
15,980
35, 997
1, 401
82, 410
2,438
19, 058
30, 795
39, 560
1860-'61
45, 661
1, 782
64, 324
112, 250
3, 147
20, 982
7.494
1861-'62
10, 305
34, 398
31, 801
48, 657
50
150
11, 029
200
16, 590
1862-'63
700
100
1, 829
7,935
893
3, 602
15, 341
1863-'64
34
457
3, 529
56, 697
1864-'65
922
419
6,608
8, 070
1865-'66
169
1, 521
1,099
7, 189
1,978
33, 259
1866-'67
22, 174
1,936
112, 776
10, 577
10, 897
2, 157
1867-'68 ..
11, 569
48, 831
18, 294
4, 670
96, 492
18, 293
11, 124
9, 523
35, 510
54, 440
24, 013
91, 477
12, 238
46, 914
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
Chili.
China.
Years.
Denmark.
Danish West Indies.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
2,589
$4, 657
60
$131
4,306 $18,845
47
1855-'56
$132
2,259
4,542
374
990
158
390
1856-'57
2, 109
4, 516
25
56
2,995
9, 581
45
97
1857-'58
974
1, 911
50
150
107
272
1858-'59
435
1. 041
1, 060
2, 152
4, 018
10, 103
240
583
1859-'60
2, 160
4,824
710
1, 538
114
222
1860-'61
4, 104
8, 193
220
418
363
1,066
156
324
1861-'62
55
175
1862-'63
5
71
1863-'64
200
1, 160
42
706
1864-'65
1, 496
3, 859
84
420
40
575
1865-'66
628
3, 381
1, 125
2, 314
59
272
1866-'67
866
4, 415
700
3, 621
373
1, 879
330
1, 476
1867-'68
520
2,430
694
2, 433
40
234
73
259
Years.
Total Denmark and
Danish Colonies.
Atlantic.
France and French Colonies.
France.
Mediterranean.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Total France.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56..
1856-'57
4,353
158
3,090
$18,977
390
9, 678
11, 403
5, 860
$24, 394
12, 336
$24, 929
23, 739
10, 275
$49, 323
17, 118
32, 408
39, 477
22, 978
42, 683
1857-'58
67, 330
•
4, 723
107
7,721
272
44, 200
9, 718
1858-'59
16, 589
75, 051
9, 768
4, 258
10, 686
18, 500
19, 486
6,338
1859-'60
14, 155
35, 089
8, 662
114
13, 221
1860-'61
519
222
1,390
15,000
6,780
13, 460
27,376
9, 184
14,731
2,282
15, 964
1861-'62
4,305
28, 191
5, 764
37
5, 061
301
8, 047
10, 266
1862-'63
2
51
28
1, 124
1863-'64
37
34
854
1,075
1864-'65
40
575
1865-'66
59
272
275
1866-'67
1,576
2, 104
703
8, 181
3,355
8, 379
150
1867-'68
1, 044
103
150
493
67
9, 757
1, 044
410
4, 144
17, 259
4, 211
17, 669
Bolivia, 1858-59, 150 barrels, $421; 1865-'66, 80 barrels, $640. Egypt, 1858-'59, 10 barrels, $20; 1866-'67,
100 barrels, $679. Central America, 1857-'58, 1 barrel, $7; 1859-'60, 5 barrels, $38; 1861-'62, 5 barrels,
$26; 1862-'63, 5 barrels, $131.
¹See Austrian Italy.
1
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
347
Exportation of Rosin and Turpentine-Continued.

France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Years.
Total French Colo-
uies.
French West Indies.
French Guiana.
French Possessions
in North America
Barrels. Value. Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-55
123
$203
$130
124
$333
1855-'56.
222
302
222
302
1856-57
155
200
1857-'58
641
794
1858-'59
478
848
1859-'60
85
140
1860-'61
141
232
#8629
11
$22
10
$25
176
247
63
129
704
923
85
185
564
1, 033
10
320
58
114
198
151
252
1861-'62
5
43
(1)
(¹)
(¹)
5
.43
1862-'63
14
42
(1)
(¹)
(1)
14
42
1863-'64
(¹)
(1)
1864-'65
D
1865-'66
210
911
20
100
1866-'67
62
264
24
•
1, 011
62
264
1867-'68.
Total France and
French Colonies.
Germany.
Years.
Bremen.
Hamburg.
Prussia.

Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
23,763
$49, 656
1855-'56...
38, 986
$77,057
37,693
23, 200
$79, 462
42, 985
1856-'57..
16, 394
27, 962
16, 353
28, 813
44, 376
75, 298
6,507
4, 227
$12, 213
8, 096
28, 239
1857-'58
51, 856
47, 695
20, 190
102, 803
36, 012
11, 464
21, 690
49, 733
1858-'59
86, 391
48, 005
15, 564
40, 032
28, 409
2,807
1859-'60
63,378
5, 100
142, 709
72, 501
•
16, 078
175, 843
28, 389
1860-'61
72, 109
135, 229
54, 522
8, 198
105, 364
10, 518
1861-'62
63, 158
112, 193
39, 663
56
72, 701
1, 167
4, 951
8, 278
1862-'63
48
1803-'64
1, 117
11
1864-'65
1865-'66
202
3, 048
493
5, 003
7,735
1866-'67
10, 768
38, 364
214, 415
22, 183
181, 789
212
1867-'68 ..
1,308
49, 997
1,253
4, 483
248, 783
37, 003
4, 211
187, 131
17, 669
60, 545
246, 423
37, 340
156, 097
1,078
4,225
Germany.
Years.
Other German Ports. Total Germany.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.

England.
Scotland.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
400
$701
1855-'56
83, 586
$169, 433
102
357,790 | $983, 354
19, 318
172
$47, 650
38, 076
1856-'57
65, 043
257, 248
702, 872
22, 576
50, 309
87,398
176, 349
1857-'58
271, 434
792, 044
393
32, 427
835
77, 828
100, 938
1858-'59
202, 358
241, 335
750, 486
36, 499
135, 879
120, 690
1859-'60
318, 552
409, 307
100
1.317, 069
1,770
36, 489
120, 532
126, 731
242, 363
1860-'61
335, 014
959, 231
28, 981
92, 009
107, 772
1861-'62
193, 172
204, 954
465, 508
24, 845
52, 012
9, 403
1862-'03
45, 600
2,946
1863-'64
35, 118
1864-'65
695
1865-'66
10, 783
67, 547
1866-67
396, 194
1, 164
84, 470
87,060
1867-'68
435, 914
98, 963
406, 745
152, 090
191, 960
29, 590
572, 220
1,055, 120
40
6, 050
600
40, 205
11, 158
59, 542
973, 538
20, 910
95, 624
¹Included with French West Indies.
}
348
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
Exportation of Rosin and Turpentine-Continued.
Great Britain and Colonies

Great Britain.
British Colonies.
Years.
Ireland.
Total.
Gibraltar.
Malta.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
2, 894
1855-'56
$5, 287
380, 002 $1,036,291
2, 626
1, 149
1856-'57
4,773
$2,741
282, 450
2, 126
757, 954
$4, 409
786
4, 528
7, 682
1, 381
2, 590
1857-'58
308, 389
877, 554
4, 911
8, 676
3, 445
1858-'59
15, 670
5, 994
286, 510
3, 659
892, 846
6, 246
2,703
1, 149
11, 045
1859-'60
448, 499
1,837
1,428, 646
3,200
5, 637
4,765
5, 326
13, 426
8,737
2,395
1860-'61
308, 760
1,064, 666
3,507
9, 651
6, 880
15, 856
10, 930
2,051
1861-'62
239, 450
533, 376
3, 726
8, 018
12, 271
1862-'63
34, 875
1, 971
2,942
152, 347
500
2,400
1863-'64
5, 461
70, 134
(¹)
(1)
(1)
1864-'65
135
3, 525
1865-'66
1, 204
30, 190
(¹)
407
1866-'67
1867-'68.
230
4, 637
251
1, 380
1, 895
90, 750
613, 805
1, 567
20, 344
6, 223
621
167, 8851, 135, 016
2, 457
1, 701
1,025
8, 347
213, 121 1,070, 187
3,236
14, 143
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British West Indies. British Honduras.
Canada.
Other British North
America.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Valuo.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
254
$501
1
1855-'56
$2
320
557
1856-'57
7, 533
6, 878
$26, 341
3,024
$6,466
26, 665
432
633
3,290
1857-'58
10, 620
45, 183
658
1,299
2, 493
7, 174
8,739
16
44
1858-'59
6,741
30, 335
1, 454
426
805
3, 097
32
86
1859-'60
17,425
73, 026
8, 761
85
153
17, 613
· 46
146
1860-'61
8,473
37, 192
3, 465
157
585
6, 824
99
350
1861-'62
10, G87
47, 386
2, 127
5,080
490
3, 001
(2)
(2)
1862-'63
5, 536
27, 650
(3)
154
1,720
(3)
(2)
(2)
1863-'64
1, 450
16, 534
(3)
-
58
1,526
(2)
1864-'65
(2)
486
8,766
10
(3)
83
114
1865-'66
1,530
304
150
2, 201
3, 694
2
90
1866-'07
10, 292
83, 400
2,479
1, 910
14, 765
5, 003
1867-'68
7, 208
49, 721
2,632
16, 167
69
249
2
8
6, 153
41, 853
2,664
11, 036
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British Guiana.
British Posses- British East
sions in Africa. Indies.
Australia.
Total British
Colonies.
1854-'55.
30
$66
870
1855-'56
996
$1,711
1, 934
4, 945
1856-'57
5
8
420
802
6, 361
1857-'58
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
$2,327 21, 579 $56, 086
| |
10, 467 | 24, 918
67, 637
11, 695 | 33, 790 | 131, 712
5, 382 $11, 522
1,210
9, 548
5, 113
12, 570
6, 355
370
695
3, 395
6, 210
1, 132
1858-'59
3, 601
18, 115
52, 755
10
32
769
1,777
770
1859-'60
1,468
3, 148
7,012 | 39,
39, 062
114, 063
31
98
405
813
4,250
7,359
1860-'61
6, 404
14, 344
32, 090
81, 645
110
261
350
705
4, 678
10,493
1861-'62
4, 094
8,425
32,
32, 237
88, 504
(2)
(2)
2, 711
10,771
1862-'63
(4)
(4)
9, 237
43,822
(2).
(2)
139
1863-'64.
2,299
(4)
(4)
1, 743
20, 553
(2)
5
417
1864-'65
(4)
(4)
684
14, 234
-
24
462
1865-'66.
81
324
652
4,375
1866-'67
39
205
568
2, 945
1867-'68
50
188
949
4, 239
Reported with Gibraltar.
2 Reported with British West Indies.
3 Included with Canada.
27, 774 52, 125
12, 087❘ 19, 780
13, 113 16, 789
37, 890
4 Reported with East Indies.
5 Includes 46 barrels ($150), 1861-65, to British North American Possessions on Pacific.
538, 568
139,
139, 312
99, 360
25, 572 | 126, 151
156 3,000
1,064
2, 184 | 13, 390
1, 752
795 3, 859
1,936
3, 532 | 15, 520
8, 666
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
349
Exportation of Rosin and Turpentine—Continued.
Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Пayti.
Years.
Total Great Britain
and British Colo-
nies.
Holland.
Dutch West In-
dies.
Barrels.
Value. Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
401, 581 $1,092,377
83
$231
40, 372
$80, 564
110
1$14
1855-'56
307, 308
825,591
252
715
37, 979
70, 033
198
142
1856-'57
342, 179
1,009,276
35
71
52, 457
102, 759
1571
1920
1857-'58
304, 625
945,601
75
264
64, 795
117, 058
21
35
1858-'59
487, 561
1,542,709
68
150
57, 677
124, 536
2
4
1859-'60
400, 850
1,146,311
75, 091
142, 078
1860-'61
271, 687
621,880
41
104
51, 462
80, 737
161
191
1861-'62
44, 112
196,169
249
2293
3, 135
10, 670
(3)
1862-'63
7, 204
90,687
245
2175
203
2, 721
1803-'64
(3)
(3)
684
14,234
285
21,072
4
102
1864-'65
(3)
(3)
3,329
68,758
18
482
50
1,233
1865-'66
110, 530
753,117
2,441
9,318
11, 016
1866-'67
50,042
5
40
184, 674
1,234,376
10
53
10, 735
46,596
6
28
1867-'68
238, 693
1,196,338
220
973
18, 139
73, 200
10
30
Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Italy.
Dutch East In-
Years.
dies.
Total.
Austrian Posses-
sions.
Sardinia.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
706
$1,507
41, 088
$82, 125
525
1855-'56.
$1,492
2, 108
757
1, 596
38, 756
$4,422
71, 671
2, 204
1856-'57
3,692
2,987
5, 430
175
343
53, 206
104, 022
2,245
4, 424
1837-'58
3, 243
5, 738
275
550
65, 091
117,643
1858-59
2,225
3, 154
3, 851
6, 205
575
1,271
58,254
125, 811
267
440
1859-'60
4, 963
8,786
424
684
75, 515
142,762
2, 435
1860-'61
3, 204
1,397
2,905
53, 028
83, 833
1861-'62
6,855
10,745
11, 029
(3)
(3)
16, 723
3, 135
10, 670
1862-'63
(3)
(3)
203
2, 721
1863-'64
(3)
(3)
4
102
1864-'65
50
1,233
1865-'66
947
6, 530
11, 968
56, 612
1866-'67
600
2,585
11, 336
1867-68.
47, 299
702
2,710
18, 851
75, 940
Italy.
Years.
Tuscany.
Two Sicilies.
Mexico.
New Grenada.
Total.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1855–56.
2,737
988 $2,080 7, 264 $13, 576
4,388
10, 885 $21, 570
121 $382
1, 240
1, 994
9, 168
1856-'57
15,504
260
780
226
$641
1,358
2, 443
6, 846
12, 605
184
492
1857-'58
5
11
600
1, 140
1, 729
2, 651
9, 763
15, 593
107
587
1858-'59 ..
12
3,286
106
5, 716
1, 838
3, 363
10, 354
18, 305
178
586
32
1859-'60
77
60
120
9, 350
14, 353
48
223
1860-'61
70
700
1, 003
138
1,738
3,307
13, 183 | 21, 033
34
134
1861-'62
4
14
44
1862-'63
314
41, 018
46, 218
·
10
147
45
739
1863-'64
4717
411, 705
20
950
35
1864-'65
767
4305 49, 517
·
135
1865-'66
3, 226
5
2, 048
1866-'67
8, 312
6S
600
24
119
216
1867-'68.
4, 074 18, 866
10
53
8, 640 37, 093
38
285
¹ Dutch Guiana reported the quantities given for the first two years, and 564 barrels ($861) for the
quantities in the third.
2 Hayti and San Domingo.
3 Reported with Holland.
4 New Granada and Venezuela.
350
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
Exportation of Rosin and Turpentine-Continued.

Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.
Peru.
Years.
Portugal.
Azores.
Cape de Verde.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1, 390
$3,577
4, 584
1855-'56
$8,760
8
2, 080
$30
4, 631
1, 643
3, 082
1856-'57
650
1, 328
3, 107
8, 369
1857-'58
219
548
7,050
13, 243
1858-'59
1, 469
4, 556
2,257
4,850
1859-'60
1, 107
3, 518
2, 136
4, 113
1860-'61
725
1,407
4, 749
7, 980
R282
25
65
12
25
10
$20
30
57
20
1861-'62
51
28
70
300
784
1862-'63
(1)
(1)
100
1, 712
(¹)
597
1863-'64
12, 603
(¹)
(1)
(¹)
(1)
275
1864-'65
8, 539
1,089
(¹)
5,000
(¹)
255
6, 775
1865-'66
163
1,600
3, 239
16, 392
1866-'67
589
3, 060
2,866
15, 425
1867-'68
1,709
7,340
3, 501
16, 393
888888
28
110
15
85
50
132
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.

Russia.
San Domingo.
Years.
Madeira.
Total.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1854-'55
310
$688
4, 902
1855-'56
$9,478
422
100
231
1, 743
$584
1856-'57
3, 313
215
387
3, 322
8,756
1857-'58
304
$1, 196
200
350
7, 275
1858-'59
13, 658
560
1, 451
270
516
2, 549
5, 411
1859-'60
2, 138
4, 461
212
333
2, 378
4, 503
1860-'61
3,000
4,329
4
830
10
1, 411
5, 599
9, 442
1861-'62
12
27
(1)
300
784
1862-'63
(1)
(2)
(¹)
(2)
597
1863-'64
12, 603
(1)
(2)
(¹)
(2)
275
8, 539
1864-'65
(2)
255
1865-'66
6,775
3, 207
1866-'67
16, 502
500
3,855
25
30
132
2, 911
1867-'68
15, 642
25
20
1255
50
54
100
3, 571
16, 625
2, 640
13, 014
Sandwich Isl-
ands.
Years.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spain.
Spanish Colonies.

Atlantic Ports.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Total.
Canary Islands.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels.
Value.

1854-'55.
1855-'56
50
80
·
$380
257
1856-'57
477 $885
1,000 2,010
4
8
1, 060
2,243
1, 120 $2, 202
876
1,298
1, 416
2, 336
1,594 $3, 087
1,876
900
$1,380
3, 426
2,358
4, 579
75
135
1857-'58
92
440
518
1,000
538
1858-'59
829
2, 446
2,574
958
5,791
1,056 1, 958
306
467
3, 403
1859-'60
8, 237
450
847
103
263
374
572
1860-'61
10
30
6
30
5, 352
3, 444
9, 277
4, 042
5,726
9, 849
355
533
6, 450
3, 472
20
50
1861-'62
48
345
40
121
1862-'63
90
567
27
404
1863-'64
15
224
60
1864-'65
1,900
25
1865-'66
1, 124
210
1, 878
1,296
5,739
1866-'67
116
615
21
1, 004
210
7,462
1, 317
5, 949
195
706
1, 004
7,462
1867.-'68
130
029 1, 136
5, 141
5, 628 |
21, 446
6, 764 | 26, 587
69
330
Nicaragua, 1866-'67, 174 barrels, $724.
Reported with Portugal.
2 Reported with Hayti.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
351
Exportation of Rosin and Turpentine-Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Sweden and Nor-
way.
Years.
Total.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56...
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59.
1859-'60
·
467
615
$1, 151
1,367
$2,531
2, 961
$5,618
2,388
22
55
637
2, 443
2, 513
5,869
1, 107
3,603
1, 075
$1,715
12
21
1, 194
3,759
3, 552
8,338
103
175
1,912
6, 529
14
29
2, 236
7,032
3,292
8,990
150
2, 155
300
8, 077
22
55
2, 631
9,593
6, 034
17,830
275
570
·
1, 498
3,289
12
20
2,002
5, 096
1860-'61
7,728❘ 14, 945
495
881
2,154
4,319
2, 174
1861-'62
4,369
8, 624
7,841
275
688
392
3,765
688
3, 765
728
1862-'63
3,886
1, 229
20, 001
1, 229
20,001
1863-'64
252
7, 680
1, 256 | 20, 405
252
1864-'65
7,680
312
9, 580
435
8,692
125
485
582
1865-'66
10, 299
582
10, 299
6, 076
39, 878
92
385
6, 413
1866-'67
41, 269
7,730
47, 218
152
2,337
694
12, 169
2
20
2, 339
12, 189
1867-'08
3, 34319, 651
184
838
2,598
11, 269
15
69
2,682
11,668
9, 446
38, 255
346
1, 473
Turkish Possessions.
Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Other ports in
Africa.¹
Years.
Turkey in Eu- Turkey in Asia.
rope.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
•
1,046
·
2, 923
1856-'57
1,300
$1,899
5, 456
2, 512
601
$1,220
2, 462
$4, 541
2,030 | $5, 134
400
$814
824
1,526
2, 675
4, 487
1,608
3,718
959
1,525
1, 971
3, 005
1, 180
1, 959
1857-'58
1,027
3, 515
675
1, 192
1, 813
200
1,381
375
465
828
1858-'59
3, 150
7,232
750
980
1, 570
730
1,200
1, 463
1,800
3, 034
1859-'60
1,769
323
3, 585
584
1, 129
435
1, 215
790
3,666
1860-'61..
6, 336
3, 410
8, 100
359
2,256
430
3, 981
4,339
7,476
1861-'62
1, 581
3,306
676
50
112
1, 192
617
1862-'03
2,698
(2)
(2)
27
135
164
1863-'64
1, 661
(2)
(2)
210
1864-'65
4, 422
(2)
(2)
165
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
745
·
306
949
519
3, 076
862
6, 508
1,756
•
211
6,705
725
317
2, 451
203
1,348
1,175
5, 254
1, 871
7,710
281
1,300
2, 381
10, 600
แ
"Spanish West Indies," 1858-'59, 4 barrels, $7; 1859-'60, 6 barrels, $12.
Philippine Islands," 1859-'60, 125 barrels, $230; 1865-'66, 50 barrels, $300.
"Other Islands in the Pacific," 1856-'57, € barrels, $30: 1860-'61, 20 barrels, $40.
"United States of Colombia," 1866-'67, 1,610 barrels, $9,639.
¹Including Liveria.
2 New Grenada and Venezuela reported together.
352
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(b.) Exportation, by Foreign Countries, with General Summaries, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79.
Argentine Republic.
Austria.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Years.


Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
6, 695
1869-'70
$23, 817
16, 048
$48, 840
2,986
8, 209
36, 119
$106, 007
1870-'71
21, 418
18, 143
55, 831
$59, 129
2, 186
14, 327
1871-'72
5, 136
41, 992
26, 518
15, 834
74, 928
40, 620
3, 430
9, 267
15,315
28, 076
1872-'73
27,692
15, 968
120, 478
41, 960
7,375
1873-'74
34, 903
22, 392
96, 821
25, 449
17, 014
104, 724
71, 939
6, 231
25, 545
32, 887
136, 435
21, 711
1874-'75
19, 631
25, 545
89, 114
4, 978
51, 261
17, 168
145, 642
1875-'76
36, 710
24, 608
110,536
75, 480
-
4, 230
33, 214
14, 053
81, 713
1870-'77
25, 975
23, 463
60, 038
59, 508
7, 167
1877-'78
26, 877
27, 200
50, 207
39, 625
15, 974
96, 108
33, 001
9, 348
31, 941
1878-'79
27, 523
65, 038
53, 133
21, 928
127, 587
51, 508
2, 120
6, 698
38, 688
66, 713
50, 834
85, 135
22, 994
49, 972
76, 432
127, 419
31, 755
59, 499
Central American
States.
Chili.
China.
Denmark.
Years.
Barrels. Value. Barrels.
Value. Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70...
1,716
$5,672
978
$3,236
748
4, 696
1870-'71
2,278
753
101
$274
1, 945
145
207
1871-'72
657
775
22
2,003
119
1872-'73
503
1, 199
2,724
$14, 551
404
7,568
50
199
3
19
601
1873-'74
1, 313
2, 150
6, 078
40
21
182
51
3, 898
1874-'75
1,710
12, 057
6, 877
282
1, 159
1875-'76
2, 984
5,779
17, 556
10,95
775
4, 485
1876-'77
1,320
4, 696
14, 551
3, 312
550
161
1, 421
384
5,730
1877-'78
1,878
17,800
5, 148
254
70
587
314
1878-'79
870
6, 300
20, 519
2, 608
1,204
279
3, 155
630
7,477
851
18, 164
1,852
1,230
2,949
17,477
35, 413
France and French Colonies.

Danish West
Indies.
Total Denmark and
Danish West Indies.
Years.
France.
French Possessions
in America.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
(1)
(1)
4, 696
$14, 551
1869-'70
(1)
(¹)
145
404
1870-'71
3,715
7,152
$13, 208
167
$662
21, 541
14
55
224
$779
1, 423
8, 347
1871-'72..
3, 020
7,219
55
144
45
184
646
2, 334
1872-'73
6, 382
22, 033
46
227
31
150
3,929
12, 207
1873-74
3,242
12, 633
46
160
5, 825
17, 716
3, 786
1874-'75
14, 666
41
108
4, 737
14, 659
6, 9.32
1875-'76
17, 627
14
38
5, 714
17, 838
1876-'77
7,376
21, 139
14
40
6, 314
20, 559
1877-'78
21, 213
61, 432
59
149
7, 536
25, 713
1878-'79
23, 586
46, 550
63
128
17, 540
35, 541
29, 889
61, 666
France and French Colonies.

Years.
and French Guiana.
and St. Pierre
Islands.
French West Indies Miquelon, Langley, Other French Pos- Total French Colo-
sessions.
nies.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
167
$662
·
14
55
350
$1, 015
405
1, 159
#
4
45
50
272
1872-'73
83
465
40
193
10
116
133
1873-'74
774
10
47
17
161
27
208
1874-'75
40
99
5
26
45
125
1875-'76
117
241
117
241
1876-'77
·
12
35
12
35
1877-'78
61
132
61
132
1878-'79
61
122
1
7
62
129
¹ Included with Denmark.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
353
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

France and French
Colonies.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Germany.

Years.
Total France and
French Colonies.
England.
Scotland.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
3,882
$13, 870
1869-'70.
136, 930
$466, 256
223, 423
$816, 051
-
7, 166
24, 552
21, 596
126, 833
357, 471
1870-'71
243, 006
801, 391
3, 435
29, 994
8, 378
$94, 063
87,058
92, 135
1871-'72
263, 969
211, 114
720, 968
28, 561
-
6, 432
92, 052
22, 305
186, 376
1872-'73 .
786, 987
228, 343
1, 225, 833
24, 876
3, 375
154, 231
13, 407
218, 525
1873-'74
857, 256
267, 421
1, 313, 924
62, 919
·
3, 813
279, 133
14, 874
230, 472
687, 141
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79
283, 985
1, 028, 619
44, 585
6, 977
145, 630
17,752
210, 029
540, 402
310, 644
1,067, 501
7, 493
58, 251
21, 380
179, 715
125, 527
261, 930
322, 935
1, 021, 603
-
21, 225
82, 349
61, 467
173, 289
200, 487
393, 731
319, 299
932, 145
23, 647
66, 377
46, 682
180, 656
255, 261
514, 446
307, 177
29,951
714, 142
61, 795
77, 805
213, 239
350, 629
180, 890
321, 371
689, 475
65, 459
121, 413
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
British Colonies.
Years.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.
Gibraltar.
Canada.

Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
673
5, 560
7, 696
$1, 821
248, 648
$911, 935
2, 409
11, 635
$8,433
8,805
278, 500
$48, 530
900, 084
11, 422
29, 267
11, 486
21, 699
247, 371
65, 549,
834, 719
1, 140
3,055
-
53, 314
32, 615
215, 447
13, 878
55, 752
306, 533 1,595, 511
11, 219
55, 535
127, 680
13, 097
1873-'74
362, 9551, 720, 737
57, 469,
803
44, 870
3, 972
1:2, 761
373, 440 1,297, 010
1874-'75
3,277
14, 310
10, 424
38,688
1875-'76
383, 205 1, 285, 904
420
4,819
1, 225
8, 958
1870-'77
410, 1031, 231, 048
400
19, 904
1,750
43, 229
1877-'78
405, 5801, 156, 030
35
91
9,009
18, 915
393, 991
1878-'79 ..
913, 947
4,667
14, 555
27, 779
9, 712
400, 385 828, 667
3,450
4,830
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
All other British
North American
Colonies.
Nova Scotia, New (Additions
Quebec, Ontario,
Brunswick,
from
Newfoundland,
&c.
Prince Edward's
Island.
Canadian
Labrador, &c.
Reports).


Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
1868-'69..
160
1869-'70.
2, 981
$609
7, 117
1870-'71...
649
2,300
1871-'72...
248
1, 161
1872-'73..
11, 137
$43, 165
1, 707
1873-174..
1874-'75..
1875-'76...
1876-'77...
$8,493
177
-
14, 843
$873
54, 840
2,993
13, 387
$3,578
202
696
14, 405
46, 461
2, 960
10,840
14, 764
67
262
13, 601
41, 219
2,712
9, 905
11, 943
130
428
11, 123
32, 334
2,710
1877-78..
1878-79..
8, 518
17, 640
377
12, 435
33, 609
1, 009
1, 617
5,404
202
530
14, 039
34, 160
1, 699
5,972
207
412
23 FOR
354
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British Columbia.
British West Indies
and British Hon-
duras.
British Guiana.
British Possessions
in Africa and Isl-
ands.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
296
$1, 137
1869-'70
218
832
2, 517
620
$8, 351
2, 100
1870-'71
541
2,000
900
2,780
1871-'72
180
835
1, 511
9, 795
1872-'73
13
$125
694
2, 647
420
$1,706
1,883
9, 322
1873-'74
23
155
282
982
410
1, 157
1, 505
5, 359
1874-'75
16
99
671
2, 074
66
243
300
900
1875-'76
16
78
2,350
6, 748
44
115
370
981
1876-'77 ..
39
243
234
610
382
1,027
50
140
1877-'78
71
458
-
490
1, 317
20
40
340
997
1878-'79
97
522
640
·
1,438
129
459
430
918
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British East Indies.
Hong-Kong. British Australasia.
All other British
Possessions.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
4, 289
2, 103
1870-'71
2,085
$14, 853
6, 301
6, 765
•
10, 170
$39, 872
11, 136
35, 188
200
$556
1871-'72 ..
1, 378
5, 252
1,703
7,614
1872-73
4, 031
3,000
19, 500
19, 997
1873-774
9, 226
-
6, 250
50, 102
20, 687
50
211
55
$238
12, 361
1874-75
57, 418
5,741
17, 133
125
132
380
378
1875-'76
7,583
2,706
6, 457
32, 400
70
141
1876-'77
8,717
2, 405
34, 849
8, 531
270
678
12, 146
1877-'78
6, 529
48, 179
18, 571
190
474
1878-'79
11, 679
38, 940
475
975
7, 667
23, 353
2,518
4, 530
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Hayti and San I
mingo.
Hayti.
Years.
Total British Col-
onies.
Total Great Britain
and British Col-
onies.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
28, 646
$121, 785
1869-'70
40, 176
146, 910
1870-'71
20, 371
77,904 | 267, 742
277, 294 $1, 033, 720
318, 736 | 1, 046, 994
912, 623
42
$126
16
60
97
309
1871-'72
31, 989
152, 406
338, 522 | 1, 747, 917
53
$228
1872-'73
•
29, 110
140, 116
392, 065 1,860, 853
52
220
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
•
42, 926
169, 321
•
32, 361
126, 779 |
416, 166| 1, 466, 331
415, 566 | 1, 412, 683
31
124
239
927
29, 176
102, 671
1876-'77 ..
29, 771
101, 360
1877-'78 ..
38, 240
439, 279 | 1, 333, 719
435, 351
110,052 | 432, 231 | 1, 023, 999
121
343
1,257, 390
12
32
63
189
1878-79
31, 351
77, 569
431, 736
906, 236
10
888888
}
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL
NAVAL STORES.
355
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, &c.-Continued.

Holland and Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Holland.
Dutch West Indies. | Dutch East Indies.
Total Holland and
Dutch Colonies.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
39, 642
$123, 479
32
$131
1, 175
·
31, 810
$5, 047
40, 849
80, 863
$128, 657
80
175
2, 404
6, 677
44, 147
34, 294
87,715
105, 001
52
"
327
301
1871-'72
1, 106
44, 500
36, 708
106, 414
145, 392
15
63
1872-'73
60, 840
36, 713
145, 455
208, GOB
44
174
1873-'74
1,000
4, 896
81, 792
61, 884
213, 678
231, 421
82
278
700
1874-'75
3,500
82, 574
100, 501
235, 199
229, 913
49
234
1875-'76
1,750
6, 653
102, 300
90, 138
236, 800
177, 657
11
29
750
1876-'77
1,520
86, 426
199, 231
17
58
1877-178
1, 411
3,288
90,899
92, 135
179, 206
193, 312
3
6
1878-'79
1,000
2, 006
93, 138
110, 186
196, 341
195, 324
146
383
3; 582
7, 631
113, 914
204, 355
Italy.
Japan.
Mexico.
Peru.

Years.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
13, 630
$43, 489
222
1869-'70
6, 073
$842
2, 725
17. 122
$9,581
519
1870-'71
1, 465
1, 490
2, 015
4, 638
4, 135
15
$74
442
1671-'72
2,273
11, 210
1, 100
54, 099
3, 294
5
23
411
1872-'73
2,716
2, 114
15, 124
58, 225
10, 419
63
274
180
1873-'74
1, 188
1, 361
14, 785
55, 467
90
360
326
1874-'75
1, 874
833
17, 578
50, 195
28
90
373
1875-'76
10, 716
1, 813
2,764
26, 906
10
23
800
1876-'77
3, 303
578
6, 912
3,392
10, 795
14, 483
36, 719
635
1, 785
190
1877-'78
716
18, 526
45, 187
4,999
1, 563
17, 172
193
791
166
1878-'79
709
17, 385
43, 188
2, 713
9, 073
30
96
148
798
2, 589
7,391
Portugal and Colonies.
Russia.
Years.
Portugal.
Portuguese Colo-
nies.
Total Portugal and
Colonies.
Baltic and White
Seas Ports.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
3, 329
1869-'70
3, 606
$11, 012
11, 286
1870-'71
2, 801
10, 328
1871-'72
3. 184
15, 132
1872-'73
5, 220
22, 787
1873-'74
5, 824
23, 390
205
1874-'75
8, 881
28, 298
1875-'76
5,670
16, 691
1876-'77
5, 084
17, 411
1877-'78
5, 299
15, 113
1878-'79
7,676
18, 317
CHANNON CON
14
$70
3,343
$11, 082
1,374
106
$5, 883
391
3,712
11, 677
7,767
18, 199
64
2,821
11, 392
16, 147
57, 593
3, 184
15, 132
11, 162
51, 654
129
5, 238
22, 916
26, 732
90, 319
765
6, 029
24, 155
42, 420
150, 931
90
8,903
28, 388
26, 995
89, 984
166
5, 697
16, 857
27, 917
80,571
218
5, 132
17, 629
7. 145
18,926
106
5, 334
15, 219
45, 683
99, 074
225
7,734
18, 542
89, 092
181, 579
356
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Russia.
Years.
Black Sea Ports.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Total.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69.
4,330
$11, 755
5, 704
$17, 638
159
1869-'70
2,579
8, 381
$599
10, 346
26, 580
1870-'71
127
091
6, 182
20, 946
22, 329
78, 539
230
1871-'72..
966
5, 182
23, 679
16, 344
75, 333
8
1872-'73
$34
100
619
3, 888
16, 524
30, 620
106,843
4
17
220
1873-'74
1, 536
6, 150
1, 654
43,956
157, 081
1
4
150
1874-'75
854
5,700
16, 914
32, 695
106, 898
140
1875-'76.
739
3,998
10, 037
31, 915
91, 608
18
52
51
1876-'77 ..
202
7, 145
18, 926
1
4
131
1877-'78..
438
45, 683
99, 074
73
238
101
1878-'79
466
90, 606
184, 805
307
1,049
124
540
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.

Years.
Spain.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Spanish Posses-
sions in Africa
and Islands.
Other Spanish
Ports.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1868-'69
3, 542 $10, 963
2,242 | $8,440
12
$47
1869-'70
5, 459 13, 200
4, 789
13, 532
28
149
1870-'71
8, 787
23, 577
4, 632
10,677
79
245
32
$95
1871-'72...
7, 941
34, 496
4, 647
17, 024
19
98
30
168
1872-'73
10, 463
43,358
5,072
22, 010
29
132
20
$87
1873-'74
3,773 | 12, 204
6, 464
18, 912
3
12
20
70
1874-'75
10, 789 28, 854|
10, 104
24, 383
35
109
12
36
73
240
1875-'76
10, 712 | 25, 048
5, 830
15,
15,950
52
144
30
103
1876-'77
15, 350
38, 794
7, 525
20,
20,998
275
793
118
344
50
137
1877-'78..
11, 327
26, 051
2,578
6, 590
28
94
242
607
100
275
1878-'79
7,048
13, 933
2, 123
4, 418
572
1, 394
472
1, 390
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Total Spain and
Spanish Colo-
nies.
Sweden and
Norway.
Turkey and
Turkish Pos-
sessions.
United States
of Colombia.

Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1868-'69
2,254 $8, 517
5,796 $19, 480
1869-'70
4,817 13, 681 10, 276
80
$650
26, 887
1870-'71
4, 743 11, 017❘ 13,
2
13, 530
$4
34, 594
1, 103
1871-'72
$3, 304
2,120
4, 696 | 17, 290
8, 897
74
208
12, 637
51, 786
290
1872-'73 ..
1, 198
855
5, 121
22, 229
4,600
76
382
15, 584
65, 587
1, 077
1873-'74
4, 447
6, 487
1,626
18, 994
6, 918
136
694
10, 260
31, 198
1, 566
1874-'75
6, 265
3,685
12, 740
49
1
10, 224
24, 768
271
25, 013
53, 622
404
1,300
1875-'76
2,266
1
5,882
6, 778
16, 094
1, 110
16, 594
41, 142
3, 684
2,213
5, 426
1876-'77
7,968 | 22, 272
65
156
13, 318
61, 066
4,707
13, 922
1877-'78
250
841
2, 948
7,566
14, 275
33, 617
4, 203
1878-'79.
10, 921-
172
437
3, 167
7,202
247
1,292
852
10, 215
21, 135
5,773
11, 265
639
1,305
289
3, 428
812
Asiatic Russia, 1,514 barrels ($3,226) in 1878-'79.
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
357
(b.) Exportation by Foreign Countries, &c.—Continued.

Uruguay.
Venezuela.
Years.
Other Ports in Af- All Other Countries
rica.
not Specified.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
1,226
$3,822
1869-'70
1, 013
$3,735
2, 483
6, 412
1870-'71
1, 044
3, 421
1, 574
3, 931
1,219
1871-'72
4, 286
3,864
1,700
3, 622
420
$5,750
12, 027
16, 207
795
1, 152
1872-'73
6, 091
6, 518
27, 385
1873-'74
1, 391
6, 892
709
·
4, 590
15, 103
$2,875
1, 960
1874-'75
8, 533
563
4, 664
1, 756
14, 815
1875-'76
2, 014
8, 369
444
1, 444
5, 635
5
14, 134
20
1876-'77
3, 122
10, 284
500
7,839
1, 414
21, 210
1877-'78
3,530
9, 421
450
7,765
1,071
23, 206
1878-'79
3, 018
9, 102
450
3, 144
888
7,825
20
47
2,667
7, 096
250
473
For "United States of Colombia," since 1865-'66, see "New Granada."
Other Countries in South America, 25 barrels ($58) in 1878-'79.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.

Europe.
Years.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.1
Continental Ports
on the Baltic and
North Seas.
Total Europe.2
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
1868-'69
29, 758
$92, 979
254, 386
$931, 380
218, 395
1869-'70
$973, 380
27, 491
72, 953
293, 599
509, 795 $2,021, 910
940, 637
183, 316
1870-'71
506, 975
30, 653
517, 017
1, 555, 312
88,463
251, 312
848, 102
170, 180
1871-'72
483, 249
39, 757
178, 177
463, 953 | 1, 450, 610
320, 936
1,665, 978
1872-'73
42, 084
169, 379
368, 978
1873-'74
38, 101
93, 752
382, 541
1, 747, 496
1, 330, 824
1874-'75
56, 534
167, 459
392, 506
1, 315, 427
1875-'76
262, 711 1, 139, 391
347, 8481, 823, 886
394, 821 1,262, 346
377, 539
974, 777
40, 689
96, 981
416, 173
1,249, 489
278, 785
1876-'77
593, 591
54, 108
132, 827
410, 699
1, 173, 532
1877-'78
309, 808
711, 967
71, 659
172, 774
400, 957
938, 772
443, 447
1878-'79
902, 630
68, 219
128, 323
637, 727
772, 615
823, 022 | 2,713, 792
844, 300 | 2,504,
753, 735 1, 986, 248
811, 1782, 118, 852
950, 976
2,086, 777
3,040, 075
3, 796, 752
144
411, 511
851, 814
512, 199
902, 696
1, 028, 866
1, 958, 432
Africa.
Asia, Austral-
asia, &c.
Years.
Atlantic Islands
(Spanish and
Portuguese).
South America.
West Indies.
Atlantic Ports.
1868-'69
1869-'70
·
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-¹73.
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
2, 517
$8, 351
6, 771 $63, 607
69 $84
620
2, 100 |
15, 523
2, 620 $10, 658
28, 793
50, 802
$96, 175
176
497
5, 131
900
2,780
14, 748
2, 984
16, 166
23, 097
60, 944
20
64
1, 511
5, 625
14, 327
9, 795
5,889
21, 210
28, 452
56, 178
2,240
4, 967
18, 466
9, 409
9, 369
26, 069
77, 126
18
112, 658
129
2, 088
1, 509
25, 815
5, 429
19, 988
38, 864
84, 216
166, 772
205
765
756
7,948
936
3, 519
16, 169
39, 564
61, 928
132, 936
22
90
900
10, 400
2, 498
27, 934
12, 854
39, 279
44, 613
27
114, 382
166
750
8, 513
2, 652
23, 545
17, 252
62.486
29, 070
71, 743
166
562
962
8, 090
2,322
22, 570
20,896
41, 093
64, 803
110,895
277
713
1, 319
3, 355
2,696
8,715
14, 622
44, 437
38, 770
530
113, 231
1, 615
3,922
8, 957
40, 104
82, 389
Excepting France and Spain.
2 Including France and Spain, which are not embraced in the preceding columns.
358
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions-Continued.

South America.
Years.
Pacific Ports.
Mexico and Cen-
tral America.
Other North
American Ports
and Islands.
Total.
Uncertain.
Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value. Barrels. Value.
1868-'69
2,725
$9, 581
31, 518
1869-'70
$105, 756
222
$842
1, 490
8, 965
$49, 139
4, 135
6,563
24, 587
65, 079
$21, 963
519
1870-'71
1, 465 |
1, 100
14, 467
72, 666
3, 781
3, 294
13, 042
22, 310
59, 472
543
1871-'72
2,547
14, 527
58, 052
742
2, 114
2, 049
10, 419
28, 183
113, 077
433
1872-'73
2, 835
13, 345
1, 361
58, 629
89
440
6,912
40, 225 |
173, 684
183
1873-'74
1, 207 | 13, 074
52, 849
60
833
377
3, 392
40, 397
136, 358
347
1874-'75
1,925
18, 061
68, 656
142
540
·
2,764
10, 795
42, 043
125, 177
373
1875-'76
1, 813
17,448
-
1, 898
70, 427
83
666
4,877
30, 968
76, 620
800
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
3, 303 | 16, 859
6, 877 |
52, 380
22, 320
47,970 | 133, 215
350
1, 100 | 14, 249
42, 104
50
137
3, 583
11, 681
48, 040
124, 959
236
1,023 | 24, 325
24, 325
40, 001
116
366
3, 440
9, 243 |
43, 569
91, 690
427
1,428 | 16,
16, 042
41, 066
2, 519
4,538
Years.
(c.) Exportation by Districts, with General Summaries.
(Barrels.)

1867-'68
54
190
1868-'69..
17,776
15
311, 689
601
1869-'70
16, 419
10
7
1
442, 624
40
1, 291
8, 012
2,559
1870-'71
10, 134
10
41
455, 688
3, 063
5
1871-'72
4, 129
25
8
6
337, 814
350
1872-'73
5,855
5, 068
447, 258
12
1873-'74
11, 684
4, 617
432, 272
8, 427
1874-'75
6, 334
151
322, 042
11, 223
1875-'76
6, 573
2
475, 216
•
3, 057
2,285
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79..
2
274, 440
3, 034
2,650
6
280, 111
5, 174
3,608
10
259, 849
3,868
1, 351
25
242, 679
4,338
Years.
1867-'68
17, 189
236
12, 047
15
1868-'69
33, 059
248
46, 132
665
26, 864
13, 222
25
15
1869-'70
22, 885
95
30, 626
260
27, 330
1870-'71
4, 087
315
25
33, 187
12
38, 063
308
25, 267
519
699
35
1871-'72
22, 903
82, 789
26
130
17,984
575
2,967
1872-'73
148, 395
19, 083
10
1, 430
1873-'74
2, 187
43, 698
1,229
23
290, 010
-
20, 871
347
58, 113
80
2, 481
13
1874-'75
429, 891
20, 013
96, 440
1, 020
149
1875-76
59
389, 340
12,798
92,813
450
503
647
3,904
72
1876-'77
5, 314
376,288
740
102, 404
1, 574
1877-'78
60
413, 922
•
6, 144
200
1, 622
120, 487
7, 209
8, 527
1878-79
57
464, 462
4, 471
600
8,498
48, 051.
66
493, 503
191, 666
66, 198
EXPORTATION OF NAVAL
OF NAVAL STORES.
359
Years.
(c.) Exportation by Districts, with General Summaries-Continued.
(Barrels.)

1867-'68
9
1, 085
865
9, 073
15
1
1868-'69
20
923
587
1,300
4,797
51
1869-'70
277
198
885
8,423
311
1870-'71
262
320
7,869
290
1871-'72
5
1, 098
170
5, 076
156
1872-'73
694
2, 104
197
2, 172
4, 058
138
1
1873-'74
707
325
1, 514
12, 278
4, 951
142
1874-'75
8, 389
92
1, 150
65
9.285
11, 729
1,028
3
1875-'76
5, 640
701
479
15, 564
8,379
320
1876-'77
7,023
14
3,999
158
24, 175
12, 654
87
1877-'78
8,530
781
3, 412
49, 432
12, 123
66
1
1878-'79
9, 923
11, 645
36, 461
8, 573
Years.
1867-'68
20
4
10
1868-'69
55
56
2, 304
591
2,581
4, 647
1869-'70
7
76
32
4,373
1870-'71
4,377
2
-
108
135
291
4, 074
1871-'72
7, 925
104
141
4, 276
1872-'73
6, 059
77
112
4, 489
25
1873-'74
6, 500
2
55
140
160
5, 326
225
1874-75
8,992
1
71
161
125
6, 338
210
1875-'76
7, 571
4
18
67
101
1876-'77
3, 896
89
9, 444
1
161
16
2, 883
70
1877-'78
8, 154
317
64
4, 610
1878-'79
7, 661
337
42
6, 813
10
7, 165
General Summary.

Years.
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Coast. Coast.
Southern
Atlantic Gulf Coast.
Coast.
Pacific
Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
1867-'68
18, 030
349, 173
60, 220
1868-'69
11, 159
20
17, 049
4,899
505, 202
51, 616
6, 735
55
1869-'70
5, 323
11, 476
493, 724
59, 287
1870-'71
9, 910
76
4, 208
8,786
382, 552
163, 916
8,741
114
1871-'72
12, 426
6, 211
475, 483
193, 337
1872-'73.
7, 116
104
10, 476
11,696
463, 399
352, 246
1873-'74
8, 670
77
6, 485
11, 126
354, 563
529, 188
1874-'75
19, 210
55
6, 575
14, 843
499, 455
494, 597
1875-'76..
23, 265
71
2, 287
14, 405
291, 225
491, 613
1876-'77
25, 508
18
2,656
13, 001
✔
292, 513
552, 137
1877-'78
41,076
161
161, 644
1, 427
271, 683
11, 123
535, 831
64,817
317
12, 335
260, 586
779, 178
56, 761
337
14, 529
1878-79.
Albemarle, N. C., 81 in 1878-'79. Beaufort, N. C., 1,490 in 1873-74. Beaufort, S. C., 506 in 1872-'73: 22
in 1878-79. Brazos de Santiago, Tex., 62 in 1878-79. Brunswick, Ga., 500 in 1872-73; 2,094 in 1876-'77 ;
8,604 in 1877-78; 17,686 in 1878-79. Castine, Me., 158,026 in 1877–78 Cuyahoga, Ohio, 1 in 1869-70. Fall
River, Mass, G in 1867-'68: 5 in 1868-'69. Genesee, N. T., 1 in 1869-70; 4 in 1875-'76. Huron, Mich., 490
in 1878-79. Minnesota, Minn., 1 in 1869-'70; 9 in 1878-79. New Haven, Conn., 4 in 1867-'68. Newport,
R. I., 1 in 1868-69. Oregon, Oreg., in 1870-71. Oswegatchie, N. T., 29 in 1868-'69.
σ
Paso del Norte, Tex.,
65 in 1875-76. Pearl River, Miss., 616 in 1871-72; 5 in 1874-75; 20 in 1878-79. Portland and Falmouth,
Me., 46 in 1878-79. Providence, R. I., 5 in 1878–79. Saint Mark's, Fla., 43 in 1869-'70. Saint Mary's, Ga.,
33 in 1868-'69; 115 in 1870-'71; 565 in 1877-'78; 20 in 1878-79. Texas, Tex., 120 in 1867-'68; 2 in 1876–77.
Vermont, Vt., 2 in 1869-'70.
360
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
Years.
5. SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE, EXPORTATIONS FROM 1789-'90 TO 1878–79.
(a.) By Quantities, Collectively, from 1789-'90 to 1852-'53.

Years.
Quantity. Years.
Quantity. Years. Quantity.
Years.
Quantity.
1789-'90..
Barrels.
193
Gallons.
Gallons.
Gallons.
1803-'04
19, 526
1820-'21
19, 205
1837-'38
Gallons.
1804-'05
225, 231
26, 247
1821-'22
25, 205
1838-39
1790-'91
1, 173
1805-'06
178, 248
29, 514
1822-'23
1791-'92
16,796
1839–240 ....
162, 309
1, 028
1806-'07
8, 146
1823-'24
1840-'41
Casks.
107, 640
1807-'08
1, 530
1824-'25
-
1792-'93
39, 469
93
1808-'09
7,923
1825-'26
88, 032
1793-'94
75
1809-'10
12, 708
1826-'27
31, 529
1841-'42
1842-'43
1843-'44
-
74, 193
*
61, 053
1794-'95
23
1810-'11...
43, 133
1827-'28
32, 547
1844-45
·
Gallons.
1811-'12
21, 960
1828-29
189, 199
1845-'46
1795-'96
1796-'97
•
28, 628
1812-'13
3, 589
1829-'30
78, 629
1846-47
156, 203
182,989
329, 571
1,093, 464
54, 151
1813-14
404
1830-'31
131, 934
1847-48
1797-'98
729, 500
-
31, 603
1814-'15
16, 838
1831-32
72, 766
1848-49
1798-'99
-
+
33, 899
394, 746
1815-'16
12, 299
1832-'33
71, 654
1849-'50
1799-1800...
4,900
1816-'17
38, 491
1833-'34
54, 624
1850-'51
1800-'01
-
4,783
363, 828
1817-'18 ..
5, 235
1834-35
81, 837
1801-'02
1851-'52
8, 990
358, 658
1818-'19
6, 654
1835-'36
84, 261
1852-'53
1802-'03.
11, 336
634, 371
1819-'20
44, 371
1836-37
112, 602
Gallons.
(b.) By Quantities and Values, Collectively, from 1853-54 to 1878-79.


Total value.
Average value
per gallon.
Years.
Gallons.
1853-'54
1854-'55
2, 339. 138 | $1, 137, 152
1,844, 560
$0 48.7
1867-'68
839, 048
45.5
1868-'69
1855-'56
1, 522, 177
741, 346
48.7
1869-'70
1856-'57
2,454, 235
1,089, 282
44.3
1870-'71
·
- 1857-'58
3,068, 629 |
3, 184, 955
3,246, 697
2, 453, 554
$1,
627, 577
1, 444, 968
1, 357, 302
$0 53.4
45. 4.
41. 8.
1, 009, 508
41. 1
2, 682, 230
1, 306, 035
48.6
1871-'72
1858-'59
4, 495, 441
2,521, 357
53.9
4,072, 023
1, 916, 289
47.6
1872-'73
1859-'60
5, 111, 653
2, 667, 386
52.2
2, 941, 855
1, 192, 787
40.5
1873-'74
1860-'61
43, 507
54, 691
1 25.7
1874-'75
1862-'63
1863-'64
-
58,507
32, 548
143, 777
2 45.7
1875-'76
6, 784, 173
5, 599, 824
5, 178, 934
2, 764, 682
47.3
1,937, 296
34. 6
1, 672, 068
32. 2
87,988
2 70.3
1864-'65
42, 518
95, 747
2 24.7
1865-'66
1866-'67
349, 325
313, 086
1, 513, 225
980, 699
89.7
64.8
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
6,796, 927
2, 274, 638
33. 4
-
7, 633, 568
2,333, 569
30.6
J
7,575, 556
2,045, 673
27.0
(c.) By Foreign Countries from 1854-'55 to 1867-'68.
(Quantities and Values.)
Argentine Republic.
Austria.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Years.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
20, 117
8, 910
$11, 223
1856-'57
19, 729
3, 902
10,318
281, 893 ❘ $142, 561
38, 197
$21, 656
211, 750
86, 316
16, 945
8, 692
1857-'58
13, 505
52, 039
6, 476
1858-'59
9, 059
23,456
32, 809
$3,895
18, 096
100, 937
17, 242
45, 976
9, 512
1859-'60
9, 888
29, 182
5, 087
15, 820
89,849
25, 866
50, 960
13, 700
29, 536
66, 948
1860-'61
20, 498
40, 136
405, 444
27, 178
12, 980
183, 376
64, 312
1861-'02
6, 203
2,425
36, 034
432, 767
173, 829
41, 209
21, 458
1802-'63
550
1, 434
5, 882
7,349
1863-'64
1, 116
3, 427
4, 153
10, 020
1864-'65
·
•
4, 221
9, 346
1865-66
8,888
8, 292
173
1866-'67
23, 919
38, 916
18,875
28, 162
6, 982
441
7,088
1867-'68
63,219
34, 444
22, 193
38, 206
20, 202
14, 828
148, 435
72, 777
42, 814
26, 419
Equador, 1854-55, 740 gallons, $465; 1856-'57, 520 gallons, $330.
Bolivia, 1865-'66, 999 gallons, $1,249.
Total value.
Average value
per gallon.


EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
361
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854-55 to 1867-'68—Continued.

Central Republic.
Chili.
China.
Years.
Denmark and Dan-
ish Colonies.
Denmark.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
260
$132
62, 773
$38, 381
300
1855-'50
$231
260
120
85, 310
1856-'57
46, 194
4, 470
2, 388
125
60
53, 084
1857-'58
27, 887
1,920
1,599
121
63
24, 319
1858-'59
15, 353
1,217
442
84
48
26, 770
1859-'60
15, 435
1, 178
567
7, 289
300
1860-'61
133
1861-'62
41
1862-'63
•
162
440
1863-'04
20
1864-'65
70
210
1865-'66
30
∞x225
162
$3,483
104, 606
60, 566
10, 131
4,430
63
78, 622
43, 270
2,050
1,485
1, 901
864
62
2,715
3, 300
11, 190
11, 390
(2)
(2)
2,400
5,000
14,374
18, 950
(-)
(2)
81
1,000
1,800
17, 350
¹18, 011
5, 365
8, 885
545
2, 248
38
6, 224
1866-'67
6, 778
782
785
33, 088
25, 035
1867-'68
8, 658
6, 593
22, 370
13, 012
9,000
5, 615
1, 440
1,016
Denmark and Danish Colonies.
Years.
Danish West Indies.
Total.
France and French Colonies.
France.
Atlantic Ports.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'50
677
3,840
$362
677
$362
198
$110
10, 844
$6, 059
2,060
3, 840
1856-'57
2, 060
46, 817
1, 013
19, 133
535
1,013
535
1857-'58
6,000
3,000
13, 076
2, 104
5, 119
931
2, 101
931
1858-'59
2, 541
1,345
9, 830
1859-'00
4,8-8
1860-'61
1861-'62
9!
1,887
896
1,887
896
875
5, 886
445
2,838
9,901
771
4, 770
407
2,025
960
3,986
1,824
(2)
(2)
33, 092
12, 419
703
693
1862-'63
(2)
(2)
127
320
1863-'64
(2)
(2)
1864-'65
96
88
960
1865-'66
2, 222
381
334
96
88
1866-'67
381
334
1867-'68
4, 133
537
389
1,977
1, 405
2,055
2, 646
1,028
France and French Colonies.
France.
French Colonies.
Years.
Total France.
French North Amer- French West In-
ican Possessions
dies.
French Guiana.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1854-'55
11, 042
$6, 169
37
$18
1853-'56
2, 018
$995
46, 817
19. 133
128
59
1856-'57
1, 844
854
19, 076
8,119
84
49
967
439
1857-'58
9, 901
4, 770
82
43
1858-'59
1,009
498
1, 646
852
80
40
760
1859-'60
330
-
5,886
2,838
50
20
1860-'61
2,495
33, 092
1, 204
12, 419
85
40
1861-62
1, 258
499
660
448
(2)
1862-'63
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1863-'64
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1864-'65
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1865-'66
856
1866-'67
1867-'68
4, 133
2,055
2,646
1, 028
825
1 China and Japan.
French Possessions in Africa, 1857-'58, 50 gallons, $27.
2 Not separately reported.
362
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854–’55 to 1867–’68——Continued.
France and French Colonies.
Germany.
Years.
Total French Colo- | Total France and
nies.
French Colonies.
Bremen.
Hamburg.



Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
2,055
$1,013
1855-'56
13, 097
$7, 182
168, 596
1,972
$78, 046
913
1856-'57
48, 789
241, 916
20, 046
83, 625
$115, 688
1,051
488
34, 419
1857-'58
20, 127
199, 817
8, 607
80, 230
47, 502
5, 031
2,430
23, 268
1858-'59
14, 932
197, 853
7, 200
92,728
171, 348
890
67, 340
400
214, 500
1859-'60
2,536
1, 252
99, 934
80, 156
2, 545
42, 084
1,224
213, 126
1860-'61
8, 431
86, 955
4, 062
166, 194
1, 343
78, 102
539
243, 245
1861-'62
34, 435
12, 958
121, 809
209, 617
95
88,067
110
95
229, 228
83, 694
1862-'63
110
30
85
30
1868-'64
85
1864-'65
1865-'66
856
825
3, 100
856
6,000
1866-'67
825
19, 125
16, 854
1867-'68
4, 133
3,954
2,867
2, 646
58,883
42, 453
2, 055
53, 531
1,028
38, 687
96, 074
47, 927
45, 324
22, 111
Germany.
Great Britain and
British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Years.
Prussia.
Other German
Ports.
Total Germany.
England.

Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1854-'55
4, 242
$1,881
1855-'56
5, 956
2,575
1856-'57
7,000
3, 545
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
-
•
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'07
1867-'68
414, 754 | $195, 615
1, 125, 178
$517, 764
289, 398
117, 224
859, 236
394, 517
252,355
119, 541
749, 874
369, 794
385, 848
167, 274
1, 332, 651
569, 597
293, 282
129, 039
1, 518, 640
734, 600
409, 439
199, 911
2, 141, 660
980, 424
438, 845
171, 761
1, 314, 910
499, 434
203
135
160
473
3, 100
6,000
8, 955
23, 616
23, 079
19, 721
209, 608
181, 390
112, 414
81, 140
863, 860
523, 410
141, 398
70,038 |2, 171, 949 | 1, 131, 001
Great Britain and British Colonies.

Great Britain.
British Colonies.
Years.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Total Great Britain.
Gibraltar.

Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
47, 415
$23, 183
1855-'56
39, 154
18, 381
1856-'57
1, 172, 593
898, 390
$540, 947
412, 898
300
$177
33, 308
15, 219
783, 182
1857-'58
385, 013
37, 601
2,000
870
17,300
1858-'59
84, 208
45, 389
1859-'60
48, 314
22, 680
36,000
5,302
80, 550
$17, 700
406, 252
604, 597
163
80
2,250 |1, 638, 150
782, 219
152
102
1860-'61
33, 750 2,270, 524
1, 036, 854
31, 892
13, 898
1,346, 802
1861-'62
513, 332
1, 192
1, 579
1862-'63
1863-'64
15, 163
940
1864-'65
1865-'66
8, 955
45, 990
2,820
23, 616
1360
11, 137
7,688
5, 672
217, 296
1866-'67
1867-'68
14, 005
6, 365
105, 159
10, 132
187, 062
74, 600 969, 019 598, 010
5,461 2,296, 086 |1, 142, 827
400
400
1,350
500
¹ British Possessions in Africa and Mediterranean reported together.
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
363
Y
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854-'55 to 1867-'68-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
Malta.
Canada.
British North Amer-
ican Possessions
British West Indies.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
4,000
$2,600
16, 172
$11, 728
9, 638
3,000
1856-'57
1, 536
$3,768
9, 615
14, 112
10, 961
$4,840
10, 891
1,000
3, 914
625
5, 579
1857-'58
17, 043
2, 665
11, 588
3, 513
1,955
-
1858-59
7,379
9, 009
3, 908
2, 996
4, 159
2, 116
500
10,499
320
1859-'60
11, 018
4,876
6, 431
6, 975
3, 911
6, 595
1860-'61
16, 215
3, 561
7,156
10, 263
5, 112
1861-'62
4,825
8, 121
2,906
3, 881
6, 954
4,756
9, 132
1862-'63
114, 691
119, 211
4, 174
(1)
(1)
5,794
1863-'64
16, 363
7,000
110,806
(1)
(2)
1864-'65
(2)
(1)
2, 634
1889
7,624
12, 032
(1)
(¹)
448
1865-'66
2, 052
1,406
3, 912
1,032
2,992
569
1866-'67
790
1, 635
1, 518
3,978
4, 469
1, 447
1867-'68
38, 458
32, 159
1, 430
10, 139
7,064
63, 277
4, 662
57,998
10, 666
3,088
6, 448
12, 408
3,870
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British Honduras.
British Guiana.
British Possessions
in Africa.
British Australia.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Valne.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1854-'55 ..
250
$145
1855-'56
2,846
$1, 496
2,700
208
$1, 511
11, 128
74
1, 416
$7,339
1856-'57
616
1, 726
1,032
282
22, 607
215
1857-'58
7,708
13, 266
3,869
3, 945
2, 782
349
184
6, 050
1858-'59
3,595
1,587
3, 535
1,000
340
514
259
1859-'60
4,864
2,584
2, 580
202
1, 602
2,000
119
1860-'61
4, 601
1, 180
2,220
7,870
1, 135
4, 419
507
4,650
1861-'62
3,875
1, 851
2, 441
1,750
935
(3)
(3)
5,270
1862-'63
(3)
2, 663
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
1863-'64
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
1864-'65
(3)
(3)
81
268
(4)
830
(4)
1865-'66
1, 960
290
1, 162
3, 524
1866-'67
1, 951
5, 455
1,808
1,952
1, 911
500
510
1867-'68
2, 425
1,809
5, 634
35
4, 611
45, 841
24
2,901
26, 841
1,980
8,000
5, 098
16, 260
10, 002
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British East Indies.
Total British Colo-
nies.
Total Great Britain
and British Colo-
nies.
Hayti.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
-
26, 438
$18, 353
83,087
$51, 957 1, 255, 720
36, 067
21,555
95, 606
55, 019
1856-'57
25, 589
15, 821
76, 229
44, 256
1857-'58
993, 996
859, 411
$592, 904
467, 917
2, 349
320
$1, 204
187
429, 269
23, 008
1, 208
795
13, 984
50,152
27, 675
1858-'59
1,456, 404
631, 672
48, 195
30, 953
1, 199
670
83, 393
1859-'60
50, 904
1,721, 543
833, 123
1, 223
49, 940
733
27, 720
101, 862
53, 068
1860-'61
2,372, 386
1, 089, 922
41, 550
23,070
75, 583
41, 841
1861-'62
1, 422, 385
4198
4 193
20, C83
26, 464
1862-'63
20, 683
43, ICO
555, 173
26, 464
2,284
1,547
>
44.394
12, 157
22, 824
1863-'64
27, 320
68, 814
4 190
4640
61,420
1, 887
5, 219
1864-'65
2,827
8,039
1, 232
8, 378
6991
1, 221
716
51,267
53, 957
3,772
16, 404
1865-'66
17, 333
40, 020
257
5, 726
4,932
795
16, 744
16, 978
1866-'67
234, 040
1867-'68
13, 100
22, 000
10, 867
422, 0.0
727
14, 314
120, 260
136, 897
1, 076
85, 951
1,089, 279
683, 961
816
699
100, 234
2,432, 983 |1, 243, 061
815
602
1 Canada and British North American Possessions reported together.
2 British Possessions in Africa and Mediterranean reported together.
3 British West Indies and Possessions in Central and South America reported together.
4 British East Indies and Australia reported together.
5 Hayti and San Domingo.
364
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854-'55 to 1867-68-Continued.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.

Years.
Holland.
Dutch West Indies. Dutch Guiana.
Dutch East Indies.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55
145, 653
$71, 219
194
$111
1855-'56
88, 618
38, 441
300
146
696
1856-'57
159, 898
64, 488
30
$317
22
1,230
244
$760
157
1857-'58
280, 920
122, 405
40
17
1,380
240
862
1858-'59
160
278, 876
132, 604
425
193
1859-'60
463, 243
214, 339
80
38
1860-'61
342, 937
2, 350
144, 697
1, 365
440
160
940
425
1861-'62
1,400
700
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
137
437
40
130
1805-'63
7, 049
5, 223
1866-'67
76, 138
50, 451
1867-'68
4,500
228, 213
109, 914
3,697
284
162
Italy.
Total Holland and
Dutch Colonies.
Years.
Austrian Italy.
Sardinia.
Tuscany.
Gallons.
Value. Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
1854-'55.
147, 077
$72,090
1855-'50
89, 858
14, 705
$7, 168
39, 061
1856-'57
3, 200
161, 308
65, 372
1, 740
1857-58
5, 251
281, 200
122, 582
2,597
1859-59
22, 669
279, 301
10, 231
132, 797
1859-'69
73, 711
465, 682
215, 703
35, 518
1860-61
61, 482
345, 717
145, 982
28, 500
1861-'62
31, 849
102
153
13, 075
1862-'03
40
45
1863-'64
1864-'65
177
567
1865-'66
7,049
5, 223
1866-'67
80,638
54, 148
1867-'68
228, 497
110, 076
Italy.
Mexico.¹
New Grenada 2
Peru.

Years.
Two Sicilies.
Total Italy.


Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls.
Value. Galls. Value.
1854-'55.
1855-'56.
6,000 $2,550 20,705❘ $9,718
2, 232
$1, 141
675
3, 200
$388 14, 059
1,740
$8,716
1, 327
653
5, 251
22, 669
73, 711
61, 482 28, 500
16, 877
7,623 48, 726
48, 726❘ 20,
-
·
·
12, 621
1850-'57
1857-58
1858-59.
1859 '69
1860-'61
1861-'02
1862-'63
1863-'64
1861-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
1 New Grenada and Venezuela.
2" United States of Colombia," during the later years of the period.
Japan, 1861-65, 100 gallons, $250; 1865-'66, 80 gallons, $81; 1867-'68, 50 gallons, $65.
Nicaragua, 1866-'67, 300 gallons, $170.
200
108
11, 141
2, 597
6, 673
1, 421
660
557
307
2,300
1, 485
10, 231
2, 460
1, 397
1,867
997
2, 600
1. 487
35, 518
1, 120
630
2, 609
1,466
6, 180
4, 234
3, 373
1,982
3, 020
20, 698
1, 586❘
15, 910
9, 834
2, 711
2, 021
1, 482
752
1,500
720
1,254
1, 630
12, 769
13, 228
200
374
2, 639
6, 261
12, 102
15, 579
92
293
961
3, 026
11, 412
14, 286
371
1, 082
2, 150
5, 332
1,811
4, 506
·3, 925
7, 791
2, 501
2, 595
1, 135
1, 848
3, 010
3, 360
8, 287
962
929
1, 161
1,037
10, 291
6, 686
3, 705
2, 493
820
555
13, 700
8. 105
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
365
Gallons.
Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'62
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
50 $275
Gallons.
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854-55 to 1867-68-Continued.
Portugal and Portuguese Colonies.

Years.
Portugal.
Azores.
Cape de Verde
Islands.
Madeira.
Total Portugal
and Colonies.
Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls.
Galls. Value. Galls.
Value. Galls. Value.
1854-'55
1855-'56
•
6, 188
$3, 335
40
$30
160
$95
6, 388
$3, 460
10, 001
1856-'57
4, 619
600
244
250
$96
10, 851
4, 959
4, 520
2, 333
200
1857-'58
76
4, 720
2,409
15, 906
1858-'50.
12, 341
110
59
2,000
1,260
1, 610
800
19, 626
14, 460
8,766
4, 653
1859-'60
8,766
4, 653
6, 355
3, 028
45
41
1860-'61
6, 400
10, 214
1861-'62
4, 490
15
7
10, 229
3,069
4, 497
1862-'63
1863-'64
1864-'65.
•
1865-'66.
75
81
1866-'67
3, 596
1867-'68
405
2, 704
206
28
26
75
3, 624
405
81
2, 730
206
Russia and Russian Possessions.
Russia and
Russian
Possessions.
San Domin-
Sandwich
go.
Islands.
Baltic.
Asiatic. American.
Total.
Years.
Atlantic
Years.
Ports.
Spain.
Mediterra-
nean Ports.
Spanish Colonies.
Total Spain.
Canary
Cuba.
Islands.
Valuc.
Gallons.
Value.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Gallons.
Value.
2,237 $1,266
30
20
3,039
3, 480
$2, 001
1, 999
2,765
1, 836
80
116
500
340
140
100
20 $15
20
$15
276
135
1,680
850
222
104
300
169
(1)
(1)
2,020
1, 286
3, 075
3, 069
10 $21
10
21
20
24
740
700
50
275
1, 650
1, 117
1854-'55
1,560
$853
1, 560
1855-'56
1, 457
1856-'57
1, 655
1857-'58
3,900
775
871
1,862
1, 457
$853
775
255
$136 33, 008 $16, 413
1, 689 $654
31, 712
14, 274 | 1, 340
557
1, 240
$564
2,895
1, 435
26, 350
13, 590
1,689
804
3, 900
1858-'59
1, 862
240
110
37, 161
18, 471
1859-'60
·
5, 003
1,737
1,297
646
2, 689
871
1, 474
803
6, 477 | 3,492
84
58
41, 245
20, 501
593
283
1,737
871
248
1860-'61
162❘ 42, 517
20, 355
807
1,344
637
376
807
376
100
50
1861-'62
23, 527
10, 022
1,505
827
1862-'63
25, 825
27, 737
(3)
1863-64
1864-'65
1865-'66
28, 015223, 864
(3)
·
29, 582 229, 294
(3)
.1866-'67
1867-'68
200
11, 129
4, 954 11, 129 4, 954
240
5,315
19, 818
185 | 22, 709 16, 854
133
13, 918
50
125
21, 653
50
50
150
145
35, 874 | 21, 831
1, 046
632
¹ Reported with Hayti.
2 Spanish West Indies.
3 See Cuba.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Porto Rico.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
366
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
Gallons.
Turkish Possessions.
(c.) By Foreign Countries, from 1854-'55 to 1867-'68-Continued.
Spain and Spainish Colonies.
Spanish Colonies.
Years.
Philippine
Islands.
Total Spanish
Colonies.
Total Spain
and Spanish
Colonies.
Sweden and
Norway.
Swedish West
Indies.



Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls. Value. Galls. Value.
1854-'55
694
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
$389
35, 653 $17, 589
37, 213
$18, 442
2, 163
199
$948
103
33, 061
14, 831
34, 518
15, 606
13, 140
→
1,592
5, 617
1,000
29, 631
15, 394
32, 526
16, 829
1, 405
638
38, 698
19, 227
42,598
21, 089
28, 933
12, 507
+
41, 922
20, 843
48, 399
24, 334
450
260
44, 559
21, 454
46,296
45, 425
7,835
3, 729
60
$24
25, 132
1861-'62
10, 899
25, 939
11, 275
255
149
-
1862-'63
5, 825
7,737
5, 825
7,737
(1)
(1)
41
22
8, 915
1863-'64
23, 864
8, 915
23, 864
9, 582
1864-'65
29, 294
9, 582
29, 294
1,000
2,250
5, 557
1865-'66
14, 228
5,557
14, 228
192
185
19, 868
1866-'67
21, 703
19,868
21, 703
100
85
23, 159
1867-'68
17, 269
23, 159
17, 269
500
350
37, 660
22,946 | 48, 789
27,900
·

Uruguay.
Turkey in
Turkey in
Europe.
Asia.
Years.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
1854-'55
802
$403
1855-'56
900 $518 2, 547
1, 404
9,495
5, 073
$5,334 | 2,072 $1, 126
214
$200
2, 9142, 003
843
2, 094❘ 1, 174
1856-'57
2,720
1,395
10, 036
5, 770
1,590
777
1, 160
716
75
$60
1857-'58
10,000 5,000
|
4,100
1,970
2, 793
1, 415
695
324
2, 177 | 1, 458
1858-'59
14, 060 7, 040
4, 100
2,350
1, 100
674
1,451
839
920
680
1859-'60
8, 940 | 4, 270
1, 010
570
11, 187
6, 471
1, 861
996
2, 352❘ 1, 393
20
20
1860-'61
4, 683
2, 394
2, 3101, 110
5, 761
2,983
1,230
607
880 524
450
260
1861-'62
60
75
(2)
(2)
56
91
1862-'63
2, 175
5, 580
(2)
(2)
20
40
20
40
1863-'64
-
(2)
(2)
10
32
1864-'65
•
1865-'66
900
4,530
2, 040
130
211
4, 426
610
840 3,825 4,052
1866-'67
1867-'68
714
19, 500
640
139
146 7,770 6, 353
11, 189
172
111 15,000
9, 245
(d.) Exportation by Foreign Countrics, from 1868–69 to 1878–79.
[Quantities (gallons) and values, with general summaries.]
Argentine Re-
public.
Belgium.
Brazil.
Years.
Central American
States.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
•
32, 882
30, 196
$17, 792
210, 852
$94, 995
14, 314
332, 632
1870-'71
142, 260
24, 335
27, 451
23,762
11, 088
$13,873
9, 917
4, 100
1871-'72
1,600
54, 774
54, 482
28, 751
34, 719
70
$48
1872-'73
$49, 175
56, 575
18, 515
37, 835
487
271, 994
419
1873-'74
135, 414
43, 396
69, 550
35, 296
26, 910
180
406, 070
149
1874-'75
166, 220
26, 168
49, 400
41, 387
254
11, 836
498, 882
176
1875-'76
167, 054
•
A. 19, 200
45, 969
20, 827
580
7, 670
469, 698
279
1876-'77
140, 852
45, 113
35, 820
* 18, 560
15, 613
461
475, 758
221
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79.
139, 168
72, 752
60, 940
23, 007
30, 189
328
662, 759
169
196, 800
42, 371
36, 050
16, 881
809
12, 128 1, 116, 713
356
293, 455
46,287
15, 872
1, 849
632
1 See Swedish West Indies.
Whale Fisheries," 1855-'56, 20 gallons, $10; 1856-'57, 3 gallons, $2.
2 Reported with New Granada.
Value.
Venezuela.
in Africa."
"Other Ports
"Other Isl-
ands in the

Pacific.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.



EXPOPTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
367
Years.
(d.) By Foreign Countries from 1868-'69 to 1878-79—Continued.
[Quantities (gallons) and values.]

Chili.
China
Denmark and Danish West Indies.

Denmark.
Danish West
Indies.
Gallons.
Value. Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
22, 005
$11, 871
1, 670
1869-'70
$857
10, 051
4, 988
17, 813
8, 281
1870-'71
10, 625
1360
11, 437
1$175
1695
5, 591
3, 325
1,676
1871-'72.
663
22, 703
326
17, 007
4, 450
2,873
1872-'73
59, 800
40, 295
1, 186
799
5, 256
3, 326
1873-'74
2,085
$866
·
41, 841
2,490
22, 481
1, 704
10,860
5,678
1874-'75
1,295
9, 950
4, 468
708
3,000
1875-'76
1,400
360
175
1, 175
12, 750
5, 398
494
6, 300
2, 597
1876-'77
35, 720
1, 532
17,500
717
6, 250
1877-'78..
2, 811
19, 040
1, 124
7,711
515
10, 488
4, 081
1878-'79.
28, 700
770
316
10, 047
305
105
1,967
667
Denmark and Dan-
ish West Indies.
France and French Colonies.
French Colonies.
Years.
Total.
France.
French Possessions French West Indies
in America.
and Guiana.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value. Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
•
360
$175
644
$393
·
1, 437
695
480
314
663
326
654
317
1871-'72
1,1
1, 186
799
423
313
1872-'73
4, 575
2,570
354
$266
1873-'74
-
1,295
708
2, 484
$1, 124
164
78
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1,535
669
822
308
572
244
•
1,532
717
406
147
1, 124
515
750
346
273
107
1877-'78
1878-'79
770
316
320
115
1, 967
667
77, 650
19, 962
216
79
809
282
France and French Colonies.
Years.
French Colonies.
Miquelon, Langley, Other French Pos- Total French Colo-
Total France and
French Colonies.

and St. Pierre
Islands.
sessions.
nies.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
5
$4
649
$393
649
$393
1809-'70
100
63
580
314
580
314
1870-'71
180
103
834
317
834
317
1871-'72
50
48
473
313
473
313
1872-'73
60
$280
130
129
544
675
544
675
1873-'74
102
347
290
194
556
619
3, 040
1, 743
1874-'75
109
404
350
212
1, 031
860
1, 853
1, 168
1875-'76
110
60
516
207
516
207
1876-'77
80
30
1170
97
523
234
1,273
580
1877-'78
120
50
360
180
800
345
800
345
1878-'79
216
i 79
230
114
1,355
515
79, 005
20, 477
1" Denmark and Danish West Indies.
Austria, 5,044 gallons ($1,512) in 1878-'79.
368
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
(d.) By Foreign Countries from 1868–69 to 1878-79-Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
Great Britain.
Germany.
Years.
England.
Scotland.
Ireland.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
266, 232 $129, 400
2, 014, 547
1869-'70
$804, 043
•
242, 511
97, 095
248, 218
1870-'71
1, 860, 922
$107, 051
760, 604
45, 929
91, 203
43, 555
$19, 776
244, 807
1, 582, 154
98,965
1871-'72
614, 688
12, 879
120, 247
6, 331
69, 199
2, 359, 121
177, 112
71, 840
1872-'73
1, 258, 404
51, 512
419, 438
209, 399
19, 541
2, 265, 662
986, 846
1, 185, 886
593, 774
1873-'74
451, 118
182, 547
845, 809
3, 204, 977
1874-'75
1, 238, 046
411, 911
151, 932
-
298, 543
96, 230
2, 545, 541
61, 819
1,132, 412
1875-'76
854, 419
440, 554
242, 143
261, 703
81, 391
82, 228
2, 898, 968
1,254, 012
427, 212
1876-'77
931, 801
335, 728
288, 926
110, 132
88,423
291, 381
3,561, 567
1877-'78
1, 129, 676
86, 004
274, 022
493, 161
153, 278
84, 704
1,341, 304
4, 274, 967
495, 887
1878-'79
1,271, 857
666, 769
422, 385
119, 847
161, 609
3, 549, 025
842, 590
256, 748
939, 166
176, 271
46,830
934, 954
251, 703
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
Total Great Britain.
Gibraltar.
British Colonies.
Canada.
All other British
Possessions in
North America.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
2, 260, 765
$991, 094
5, 600
1869-'70 ..
$2,650
15, 467
2, 151, 658
$9, 162
2, 134
932, 220
16, 645
$1,250
1870-'71 ..
7,320
85, 650
43, 070
1, 772, 145
3, 845
692, 859
11, 589
1, 694
4.722
1871-'72
176, 724
79, 062
3, 397, 479
2,584
1,871, 719
1, 365
100
40
1872-'13
87, 884
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
3, 111, 471
4, 489, 311
3,042, 696
3, 526, 077
5, 176, 893
54, 538
1, 597, 797
1, 783
1, 155
730
540
1, 740, 419
1,363, 859
1,000
480
1, 127, 937
2, 000
800
1, 710, 267
1877-'78
•
5, 539, 942
1, 648, 452
1878-'79
4, 660, 250
1, 287, 699
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Quebec, Ontario, &c.
Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, &c.
(Additions
from Cana-
dian Re-
Newfoundland, Labra-
dor, &c.
ports.)¹
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
111, 081
$65, 554
17, 723
1873-'74
$9, 662
190, 532
93, 360
1874-'75
25, 409
11, 335
197, 067
$5, 749
71, 089
1,407
2,859
1875-'76
19, 956
8, 632
$949
1, 476
111, 342
12, 754
41, 499
1876-'77
18, 375
6, 399
24, 217
128, 910
50, 700
18, 869
1877-'78
7,030
105, 608
18, 370
36, 977
18, 519
1878-'79
6, 191
98, 696
34, 433
10, 818
3, 473
1, 843
1,985
891
3, 428
2,496
731
825
439
1, 157
893
1 Not included in totals.
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
369
(d.) By Foreign Countries, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79-Continued.

Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
British Columbia.
British West Indies
and Honduras.
British Guiana.
British Possessions
in Africa.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-70
5,973
$3,318
1870-'71
7,691
5,000
4, 111
$2,915
1871-'72
7, 217
3, 120
3, 902
1872-'73
9, 813
1, 428
1,714
773
6, 815
200
1873-'74
$156
5, 100
4,348
3, 103
3,243
200
6, 038
146
$3,802
1874-'75
6, 205
23, 988
2,929
15,792
310
2, 504
1, 351
182
1875-'76
5, 338
12, 834
2, 308
7,322
515
2, 874
301
1, 264
1876-'77
5,234
16, 340
2, 292
7,586
2,032
1877-'78
1, 103
3, 342
1, 415
7,805
5, 150
3,250
2,624
3, 435
9, 921
1878-'79
1,704
8,099
4, 225
4, 280
2, 967
2, 102
4, 910
4, 710
2, 413
1,887
5, 429
5,500
1,806
2, 381
3,280
1, 135
11, 424
4, 522
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.

Years.
British East Indies.
Hong-Kong.
British Australasia, All other British.
&c.
Possessions.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value..
1868-'69 ...
31, 000
1869-'70
}
8, 280
1870-'71
$18, 979
4,700
51, 189
$28, 516
49. 245
12,000
6, 900
24, 072
1871-'72..
17, 213
17, 500
8, 213
12, 150
5, 400 $2,700
1872-'73
50,888
·
17, 520
13, 080
35, 922
1873-'74
4,750
·
26, 000
$3, 180
138, 219
13, 750
83, 738
1874-'75
31, 390
81, 899
42, 623
14, 695
1875-'76
1, 100
477
71, 516
18, 980
1876-'77
8,710
30,590
4, 060
1, 935
66, 314
33,500
14, 780
29, 824
1877-'78
500
250
108, 500
133, 337
42, 046
57, 846
1878-'79.
1,980
772
1,000
120, 851
46,741
325
112, 247
30, 022
Great Britain and British Colonies.
British Colonies.
Years.
Total British Colo-
nies.
Total Great Britain
and British Colo-
nies.
Hayti and San Do-
mingo.
Hayti.

Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
116, 363
1869-'70
174, 476
1870-'71
234, 155
1871-'72
172, 236
1872-'73
327, 756
1873-'74
349, 442
1874-'75
347, 733
1875-'76
237, 297
1876-'77
340, 045
1877-'78
1878-'79..
380, 630
250, 300
$66, 790 2,377, 128 $1,057,884
86, 681 2, 326, 134 | 1,018,901
107, 637 2,006, 300 800,496
113, 823 3, 569, 715 | 1,985,542
199, 556 3, 439, 227 1,797,353
180, 521 4, 838, 753 | 1,920,940
150, 308 3,390, 429 1,514,163
96, 624 3, 763, 374 | 1,224,561
141, 725 5, 516, 938 1,851,992
142, 823 5, 910, 772 | 1,791,275
88, 022 4, 910, 550 1,325,721
110
1, 815
$79
860
2,426
1,339
1,456
$1,029
1, 159
783
1, 659
957
4, 497
2,005
2,364
1, 001
1, 174
502
2, 214
892
1, 195
438
24 FOR
370
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
(d.) By Foreign Countries, from 1868–69 to 1878-79—Continued.
Years.
Holland and Dutch Colonies.

Holland.
Dutch West Indies
and Guiana.
Dutch East Indies.
Total Holland and
Dutch Colonies.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
169,992
$76, 363
1869-'70
129, 370
4,300
50,762
$2,486
174, 292
165
1870-'71
$78
$78, 846
170, 392
73, 945
129, 544
211
50, 840
1871-'72
122
-
575, 029
2,000
1, 110
316, 761
172, 613
127
76, 177
1872-'73
103
640, 356
304, 214
575, 156
277
316, 864
1873-'74
171
60
702, 968
48
294, 590
640, 693
473
304, 433
1874-'75
217
-
209, 360
69, 933
703, 441
332
1875-'76
149
294, 807
503, 259
149, 530
209, 692
30
70,082
1876-'77
17
235, 211
73, 460
503, 289
356
149, 547
1877-'78
174
236, 339
1,500
650
69, 780
237, 067
152
74, 284
1878-'79
55
591, 109
153, 704
236, 491
1, 173
69, 835
235
1,500
613
593, 782
154, 352
Italy.
Japan.
Mexico.
Peru.
Years.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
12, 517
$7, 185
300
1869-'70.
$191
1,070
22,000
11, 550
$884
7, 200
770
$3,302
1870-'71
427
1, 142
738
18, 376
1871-'72
1, 416
8, 369
855
1,863
22, 027
1, 134
13, 730
7,990
220
142
1872-'73
2,282
35,000
1, 676
19, 650
13, 170
1873-'74
2,500
1,280
17, 690
3,559
9, 820
2,607
21, 637
1874-'75
1,800
1, 014
3, 480
8,652
14, 240
3, 340
750
1,965
27, 620
315
14, 563
2,500
1875-'76
1, 030
2, 567
1, 152
9,000
38, 580
3, 490
16,792
750
368
1876-'77
34, 500
4, 683
2, 309
14, 600
2,785
1, 241
9, 625
1877-'78
4, 164
58,262
2, 370
21, 145
1, 197
14, 775
6, 617
12, 510
1878-'79
4, 738
3, 631
1,750
47, 600
15, 949
29, 280
1, 950
11, 523
580
5, 505
1, 974
31, 135
9, 662

Years.
1868-'69
Portugal and Portuguese Possessions.
Russia.
Portugal.
Portuguese Posses-
sions.
Baltic and White
Sea Ports.
Black Sea Ports.

Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1869-'70 ..
10, 842
$4, 329
1870-'71
1871-'72
50
41
1872-'73
83
$39
50
30
1873-'74
491
223
1874-'75
650
161
-
1875-'76
100
43
1876-'77
600
299
1877-'78.
1878-'79
8, 074
12, 034
3, 030
300
146
3,920
650
223
5
$5
5,000 $2, 650
Sweden and Norway, 6,500 gallons ($2,150) in 1875-'76.
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
371
.
(d.) By Foreign Countries, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79—Continued.

Russia.
San Domingo.
Sandwich Islands.
Years.
Asiatic Ports.
Total.


Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
►
·
•
20
$18
280
152
427
258
65
$53
625
450
15
$15
20
$20
55
45
1, 406
946
50
37
5,050
2,687
25
17
870
463
·
70
39
70
39
59
30
300
142
434
204
400
184
2,932
1,322
66
24
2,823
1, 304
15
6
830
374
Years.
Spain.
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Cuba.
Porto Rico.
Spanish Posses-
sions in Africa and
Islands.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
2, 108
$1,049
27, 409
$13, 074
•
29, 714
14, 074
807
1870-'71
$394
318
156
33, 012
15, 606
1871-'72
1, 546
755
914
615
37, 972
21, 142
937
814
1872-'73
140
157
45, 978
27, 566
1873-'74
1, 213
770
20
200
80
54, 402
$12
27, 146
716
391
1874-'75
80
1, 537
51
396
29, 695
12, 704
1, 686
789
1875-'76
570
252
39, 577
16, 651
1, 815
730
1876-'77
1,000
390
31, 334
13, 445
1,884
1877-'78
851
100
37
20, 162
7,281
2, 053
765
1878-79.
200
76
20, 495
6, 691
2, 103
678
349
120
Spain and Spanish Colonies.
Turkey and Possessions.
Years.
Other Spanish Pos-
sessions.
Total.
Asiatic Ports.
European Ports.


Gallons.
Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
128
$65
29, 645
1869-'70
$14, 188
412
187
30, 933
1870-'71
14, 655
1,073
528
1871-'72
35, 949
17, 045
2, 823
1872-'73
28, 571
1,251
1873-'74
28, 503
55, 398
1874-'75
27, 668
1, 400
1,100
1,000
$852
460
576
1875-'76
34, 888
14, 717
50
26
24, 000
5,000
41, 412
1876-'77
17, 381
$12, 125
2,200
1,000
400
1877-'78
35, 318
15, 123
3,000
1, 200
1878-'79.
25, 415
9, 322
2, 947
9, 489
4,000
1, 200
372
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
(d.) By Foreign Countries, from 1868-'69 to 1878-79-Continued.

Turkey and Pos- Turkey and Turkish
sessions.
Possessions.
Years.
Ports not specified.
United States of
Colombia.
Uraguay.
Total.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
674
$1,356
674
29, 153
$1,356
2, 870
13, 929
29, 153
$1,602
1,700
13, 929
15, 036
3, 352
$980
1871-'72
•
1872-'73
6, 464
1, 512
15, 036
12, 015
6, 404
5, 296
2,700
1,800
1, 607
844
2,700
16, 830
1,800
8, 698
1, 918
1, 607
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78..
1878-'79
1, 100
31, 853
852
22, 280
4,979
25,000
3,788
12, 585
30, 760
20, 589
5, 670
·
3, 320
19, 320
5,050
2,226
10, 509
2, 013
1, 073
17, 064
7,690
1, 637
705
13, 710
6, 303
490
209
20, 570
8, 153
880
373
4,000
31, 605
1,200
11, 746
2, 184
816
15,050
5, 030

1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78..
1878-'79
Venezuela.
All other ports in | All other countries
Africa.
Years.
not specified.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
528
$288
368
162
15,000
1,000
$8,800
500
599
312
510
291
1, 099
688
1, 388
899
25, 000
$15, 900
2, 564
1,342
10, 062
2, 513
5, 039
1, 190
2,650
1, 113
40
23
4, 773
2, 343
6, 450
2,725
2, 612
1, 206
5
3
3, 407
1,377
6,000
1,990
900
324
2,840
1, 028
Other Countries in South America, 600 gallons ($207) in 1878-'79.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.
Years.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Atlantic Ports.
Continental Ports
on Baltic and
North Seas.
Total.1

Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
19, 191
51, 153
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'70
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
·
15, 036
-
24, 727
-
36, 100
27, 690
*
5, 800
•
9, 000
+
34, 500
58, 261
51,600
$8, 541
25, 479
6, 664
15, 530
20, 502 1, 333, 878
25, 055 1,560, 156
2, 5411, 007, 145
3, 490 3, 528, 077
14, 6005, 174, 893
21, 145 5, 548, 018
17, 149 4, 672, 284
1, 147, 076
704, 513
265, 695
695, 276
373, 923 4, 778, 237
301, 051 6, 213, 038
419, 858 6, 998, 536 | 2,092, 485
608, 768 7, 116, 1251, 887, 498
¹ Including France and Spain, which are not embraced in the preceding columns.
$301,758 2, 266, 435
290, 117 2,168, 303
119, 100 1,783, 734
385, 960 3,397, 579
649, 032 3, 112, 284
644, 223 4, 490, 321
333, 392 4, 042, 696
1, 128, 737 1, 241, 160
1, 710, 267 999, 895
|1, 651, 482 (1, 392, 259
1, 241, 619 2, 314, 591
$994, 344
886, 665
667, 581
1, 871, 759
1, 598, 376
i, 740, 899
1, 363, 859
3, 434, 810
2,923, 969
2, 064, 781
4, 122, 490
4, 482, 402
6, 080, 851
5, 057, 600
$1, 305, 692
1, 202, 261
793, 345
| 2, 273, 864
2, 268, 067
2, 411, 385
1, 700, 496
1, 506, 150 ·
2, 026, 654
EXPORTATION OF SPIRITS OF TURPENTINE.
373
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions—Continued.
Africa.
Asia, Australasia,
&c.
Atlantic Islands
(Spanish and Por-
tuguese).
West Indies.
Years.

Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
5,000
$2, 915
88, 479
$51, 047
3, 120
1, 714
1870-'71
76, 388
34, 292
37,632
$16, 865
►
1, 428
773
40, 192
1871-'72
36, 381
19, 817
19, 012
-
4,348
3, 243
51,060
73, 683
1872-'73
51, 537
21, 355
50
·
48, 988
$41
31, 692
51, 556
169, 786
1873-'74
105, 613
30, 711
70
42
12, 834
7,322
56, 626
121, 479
1874-'75
63, 565
571
40, 408
274
18, 990
8, 699
64, 939
109, 876
1875-76
78, 373
32, 443
920
413
•
11, 600
5,399
1876-'77
96, 804
42, 354
28, 723
43, 618
100
43
•
4, 480
1877-'78
2,202
187, 644
51, 412
81, 823
21, 759
500
236
11, 700
1878-'79
4, 447
257, 150
43, 950
99, 682
18, 844
420
196
11, 773
4, 642
117, 832
33, 836
32, 019
12, 415
866
302
33, 186
10, 803
South America.
Years.
Atlantic Ports.
Pacific Ports.
Mexico and Central
America.
Total.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
1868-'69
83, 023
1869-'70
$16, 755
29, 205
$15, 173
84, 007
112, 228
1870-'71
17, 037
28, 427
$31,928
13, 357
1,070
112, 434
$884
109, 793
38, 981
30, 392
1871-'72
18, 615
1, 142
9, 071
738
128, 408
193, 535
48, 052
1872-'73
43, 601
35, 873
25, 657
1, 933
182, 147
209, 408
1, 182
1873-'74
55, 988
69, 258
81, 437
2, 769
54, 535
214, 253
263, 584
2, 095
1874-'75
57, 918
110, 523
69, 461
3,739
37, 043
-
108, 437
283, 714
2, 756
94, 961
32, 044
1875-'76
48, 530
3, 594
21, 260
87, 775
158, 967
2, 141
1876-'77
36, 896
15, 535
53, 304
6, 639
3, 147
142, 165
103, 310
1, 431
1877-'78
59, 595
43, 535
50, 495
5, 144
24, 117
192, 660
2,530
1878-'79 ...
143, 913
55, 271
83, 712
48, 320
19, 234
2,698
193, 133
1, 366
105, 691
36, 009
74, 829
59, 835
19, 709
4, 440
166, 126
2, 106
55, 935
7, 354
2, 606
1868-'69
1869-'70 ..
1870-'71
1871-'72
1
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
·
1875-76
1876-'77
1877-78
1878-'79
Years.
Other North Amer.
ican Ports and
Islands.
Uncertain.
Gallons. Value.
Gallons. Value.
17, 601
$10, 412
16, 137
89, 495
$9, 374
44, 764
14, 269
179, 308
6, 088
80, 427
2, 417
89, 617
3, 939
55, 693
5, 873
130, 410
3, 061
66, 321
130
290
219, 000
100, 731
10, 352
219, 176
5, 456
84, 756
1, 790
972
134, 217
49, 824
110
150, 782
60
59, 302
1, 175
500
130, 990
46, 029
117, 136
41, 290
3,360
230
1, 380
114
374
EXPORTATION OF INCIDENTAL FOREST PRODUCTS.
XI. INCIDENTAL FOREST PRODUCTS.
It has been the custom of the Treasury Department, since the organization of the
Government, to include among forest products Ginseng, the Furs of Wild Animals,
and Pot and Pearl Ashes. The statistics of exportation of these articles should, there-
fore, be given in a general series of statistics relating to this class of products, as well
for the purpose of showing the amount of these accidental products as for affording
the amount that should be deducted from the general aggregate of forest products in
comparing those of which the material was wood alone.
1. Ginseng: General note.
(a.) Exportation of Ginseng annually from 1789-'90 to 1878-79, by Quantities and
Values, with average value per pound.
(b.) Exportation of Ginseng annually, by Districts, since 1867-'68; pounds.
2. Furs and Skins: General note.
(a.) Exportation of Furs and Skins annually since 1789 by Values.
(b.) Exportation of Furs and Skins annually, by Districts, since 1867-'68.
3. Potash and Pearlash: General note.
(a.) Exportation annually from 1789-'90 to 1819-20; Quantities stated separately,
with total Values, and deduction of average value per ton.
(b.) Exportation from 1820-21 to 1864-'65; Quantities stated together (tons), with
total Values.
(c.) Exportation from 1865-'66 to 1878-79; Quantities stated together (pounds),
with total Values.
(d.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash, by Districts, from 1855-56 to 1878-79,
Pounds and total Values.
1. GINSENG.
General Note.
Ginseng is the root of a small herbaceous plant, the Aralia quinquefolia, which
grows wild in the woods of the Northern States and Canada, and has been in demand
since colonial times, as an article finding a ready market in China, where it is highly
prized as a medicine. Its real medicinal virtues are very slight, and although it holds
a place in the pharmacopoeias, it is seldom or never prescribed by physicians in Amer-
ica. By far the greater part of the ginseng is now exported from San Francisco
directly to Hong-Kong and various ports of China. It was formerly chiefly shipped
from New York, and at present a part of it finds its way from that port to England, and
from thence to China.
(a.) Exportation of Ginseng since 1789.
(Quantities and values.)
Years.
Quantity.
Value.
Value per
pound.
Years.
Quantity. Value.
Value per
pound.
1789-'90
1790-'91
813 casks.
29, 208 pounds.
1816-'17
Pounds.
253, 840
1817-'18
542, 919
$102, 000
271, 414
$0 39.0
1791-'92
1792-'93
42, 310 pounds.
71, 550 pounds.
50.0
1818-'19
77, 915
38, 958
50.0
1819-'20.
137, 134
1793-'94 -
22, 236 pounds.
188 p'ck'ges.
173, 567
26.0
1820-'21
352, 992
171, 786
52.0
1821-'22
189 p'ck'ges.
753, 717
313, 943
41.7.
1822-'23
385, 877
150, 976
1794-'95
1795-'96 ..
17, 460 pounds.
39. 1
1823-'24
327 p'ck'ges.
600, 046
229, 080
38. 1
1824-'25
475, 974
10, 713 pounds.
144, 599
30.5
1825-'26.
1796-'97
1797-'98
1798-'99
4. 004 pounds.
59, 165 pounds.
147, 192 pounds.
437, 420
137, 014
31.3
1826-'27
253, 741
79, 566
31.3
1827-'28
220, 396
91, 164
41.4
1828-'29
411, 602
114, 396
27.8
1799-1800
268, 371 pounds.
1829-'30
•
321, 692
67,852
21.1
1800-'01
286, 458 pounds.
1830-'31
357, 002
1801-'02..
201, 910 pounds.
115, 929
32. 1
1831-'32
408, 404
1802-'03
384, 977 pounds.
99, 929
24. 5
1803-'04
301, 499 pounds.
$100,000
84, 000
$0 26.0
1832-'33
546, 878
183, 194
33.3
27.6
1833-'34
181, 002
1804-'05
370, 932 pounds. 148, 000
70, 202
38.8
39.9 1834-'35
308, 020
94, 960
38.3
1805-'06
448, 394 pounds. 139, 000
39.0
1835-'36
465, 619
211, 405
45.4
1806-'07
368, 207 pounds. 143, 000
38.8
1836-'37
215, 007
1807-'08
109, 398
58.0
1837-'38
69, 187
1808-'09
271, 693 pounds.
36, 622
52.9
136, 000
50.0
1838-'39
319, 564
118,904
37.2
1809-'10
279, 246 pounds.
140,000
50.1
1839-'40
46, 581
22, 728
48.8
1810-'11
314, 131 pounds.
79,000
24.9
1840-'41
A
690, 967
437, 245
63.3
1811-'12
33, 120 pounds. 10,000
30.2
1841-'42
144, 462
63, 702
44. 1
1812-'13
1842-'43
556, 533
193, 870
34.8
1813-'14
-
1814-'15
1815-'16.
•
58, 720 pounds. 39, 000
16, 863 pounds. 10, 000
66. 4
1843-'44.
301, 408
95, 008
31.5
59.3
1844-45
468, 530
177, 146
37.8
75 pounds.
1845-'46
567, 297
237, 562
41.9
EXPORTATION OF INCIDENTAL FOREST PRODUCTS.
375
5
(a.) Exportation of Ginseng since 1789-Continued.
(Quantities and values.)

Years.
Quantity. Value.
Value per
pound.
Years.
Quantity. Value.
Value per
pound.
Pounds.
1846-'47
1847-148
Pounds.
139,906
$64, 466
$0 45.1
1863-'64
465, 460
360, 950 | $471, 920
162, 647
$1 30.8
34.9
1864-'65
1848-'49
464, 507
584, 021
547, 653
182, 966
31.4
1865-'66
1849-'50
444, 398
367, 448
122, 916
382, 870
1 17.9
86. 1
33.4
1860-'67
1850-'51
479, 974
+
196, 510
535, 883
1 11.6
100, 549
51.2
1867-'68
1851-'52
370, 066
-
158, 455
380, 454
1 02.8
102, 073
64. 4
1868-'69
1852-'53
230, 726
113, 813
49.3
1869-'70
1853-'54
474, 310
37, 491
455, 097
95.9
17, 339
46. 0
1870-'71
1854-'55
114, 221
47, 367
19, 796
119, 385
1 04.5
41.8
1871-'72
1855-'56
401, 260
350, 961
341, 616
175, 705
50.0
1872-'73.
1856-'57
350, 141
134, 562
341, 144
85.1
97.5
58, 331
43.3
1873-'74.
1857-'58
•
400, 619
366, 053
448, 760
1 12.0
193, 736
52.9
1874-'75
1858-'59
110, 426
497, 487
658, 926
1 32.4
54, 204
49.0
1875-'76
1859-'00
►
395, 909
550, 624
646, 954
1 17.3
295, 766
74.7
1876-'77
1860-'61
440, 406
347, 577
212, 899
562, 268
1 28.1
61. 2
1877-'78
1861-'62
421, 395
630, 714
408, 590
497, 247
1 18.0
64.8
1878-'79 .
1802-'63
372, 945
391, 264
295, 129
465, 617
1 19.0
79.1
(b.) Exportation of Ginseng, by Districts, since 1867–’68.
[Pounds.]


Years.
New York. San Francisco.
Years.
New York.
San Francisco.

1867-'68
370, 066
1869-'70
1874-'75
474, 310
49, 939
447, 548
1870-'71
104, 296
1871-'72
184, 173
1872-'73
9, 925
267, 987
88,709
1873-'74
91, 430
261, 432
308, 548
1875-'76.
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'9.
70, 295
480, 329
-
87,755
352, 651
77, 965
343, 576
24, 948
366, 316
2. FURS AND FUR SKINS.
The trade in furs is coeval with European settlements in America, and in the earlier
colonial period these formed one of the principal exports of the country. Although
classed with forest products, a large part of the increase shown in late years by the
following table is due to the fur-seal business of Alaska, and in general summaries
this should be classed with sea-products.
(a). Exportation of Furs and Skins since 1802.
Years.
Values.
[Values.]
Years.
Values.
Years.
Values.
1802-'03.
$532, 367
1828-29...
1803-'04...
$526, 507
1854-'55
958, 609
1829-'30...
641, 760
1855-'56
1804-'05..
967, 534
$709, 531
952, 452
1830-'31.
750, 938
1856-'57
1805-'06.
1, 116, 041
840, 347
1831-'32.
691, 909
1806-'07.
1857-'58..
851, 609
1, 002, 378
1832-'33.
841, 933
1858-'59
1807-'08.
1, 361, 352
161, 216
1833-34..
797, 844
1859-'60
1808-'09.
1, 533, 208
331, 513
1834--'35.
759, 953
1860-'61
1809-'10.
177, 081
1835-'36...
653, 662
1861-'62
1810-'11.
313, 945
1836-'37...
651, 908
1862-'63
1811-'12.
122, 638
1837-'38
633, 945
1812-'13.
1863-'64.
58, 355
1838-'39.
732, 087
1864-'65
1813-'14.
22, 177
1839-'40
1814-'15..
1, 237, 789
1865-'66
409, 371
1840-'41
·
993, 262
1866-'67
1815-'16.
552, 748
1841-'42
598, 487
1867-'68
1816-'17.
687, 809
1842-'43.
453, 869
1868-'69
1817-'18.
808, 433
1843-'44.
742, 196
1869-'70
1818-'19.
481, 089
1844-'45
878, 466
794, 407
2,226, 275
908, 050
1,035, 859
1, 351, 092
1,664, 066
1, 451, 743
2,039, 563
1, 941, 139
1, 248, 355
1870-'71
1819-'20.
574, 901
1, 590, 193
1845-'46
1820-'21.
1, 063, 009
1871-'72
766, 205
3, 343, 005
1846-'47
747, 145
1872-'73
1821-'22
501, 302
1847-'48
607, 780
1873-'74
1822-23.
672, 917
3,725, 550
3, 511, 872
1848-'49
1823-'24.
656, 228
1874-'75.
661, 455
4, 590, 471
1849-'50
852, 466
1824-25.
1875-'76.
524, 692
1850-'51
4,398, 883
977, 762
1876-'77
1825-'26.
582, 473
1851-'52
3,788, 802
798, 504
1877-'78
1826-'27.
441, 690
1852-'53
2, 618, 100
796, 101
1878-'79
1827-28.
626, 235
1853-'54.
4,828, 158
888, 531
376
EXPORTATION OF INCIDENTAL FOREST PRODUCTS.
1867-'68.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
·
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78..
1878-'79..
Years.
New York.
Niagara.
Years.
Alaska.
(b.) Exportation of Furs and Fur Skins, by Districts, since 1867-'68.
Baltimore.
Boston and
Charlestown.
Cape Vincent.
Champlain.
$255, 185
12, 140
$12, 938
15, 830
$110, 921
18,582
3, 174
275
79, 774
$40
2, 686
1,237
$1, 512
$37
409
304
230
20, 775
403
1,246
73, 911
$72
50
515
7, 785
433
16,500
96, 674
6, 534
1,000
17, 042
1, 323
100, 328
8, 688
3,259
8, 416
750
700
189, 016
11
2,742
2, 193
7,910
19, 815
9, 591
228, 927
530
12, 133
8, 660
7,000
6, 100
284, 661
276
1, 010
20, 900
12, 224
16, 300
1, 431
138, 468
1,075
28, 640
1,587
8, 377
829
76, 167
60, 077
9, 290
540
5,000
227, 183
6, 510
25,735
1, 056
Oregon.
1867-'68.
1868-'69.
1869-'70.
$1,020, 313
1, 633, 504
1, 711, 633
$100
$4, 180
$6,000
$6, 800
1, 101
839
145
1870-'71
196
160
10, 264
150
1, 385, 743
1871-'72.
16
507
3, 161, 574
1,957
1872-'73.
148
$1,650
6, 342
3, 512, 814
1873-'74.
2, 977, 619
$748
348
452
20, 576
1874-'75.
131
508
5, 130
4, 044, 079
79,500
1875-'76.
10, 513
95
4, 005, 363
3, 841
1870-'77..
1, 895
2,282
2,000
5, 410
1877-'78...
1878-79...
2, 777, 050
1, 450, 727
4,048, 812
210
128
757, 986
350
2, 652 1, 012, 980
300
19, 951
Brazos de Santiago, Tex., $54 in 1870-'71. Chicago, Ill., $4,322 in 1867-'68. Duluth, Minn., $16 in
1876-'77; $800 in 1877-78. Genesee, N. Y., $90 in 1872-73; $10 in 1877-'78. Huron, Ontario, $30 in
1867-'68; $600 in 1876-'77; $150 in 1877-'78. New Orleans, La., $120 in 1868-'69. Puget Sound, Wash.,
$5,410 in 1875-'76; $16.707 in 1876-'77; $2,050 in 1877-78; $1,297 in 1878-'79. San Francisco, Cal., $42,201
in 1875-'76; $29,337 in 1876-77; $3,200 in 1877-'78; $482 in 1878-79. Vermont, Vt., $1,745 in 1875-'76;
$21 in 1876-'77; $15 in 1877-'78; $52 in 1878-'79. Willamette,
Willamette, Oreg., $8,050 in 1875-'76; $10 in 1876-'77;
$190 in 1878-'79.
Oswegatchic.
Passamaquod-
dy.
Philadelphia.
Portland.
Detroit.
Minnesota.


EXPORTATION OF POTASH AND PEARLASH.
377
3. POTASII AND PEARLASH.
These articles are produced from wood ashes by lixiviation and evaporation. When
the alkaline liquor is reduced to dryness, the potash is made by melting at a red heat,
and pearlash by exposure to flame in a reverberatory oven. The manufacture of these
articles is chiefly an incident of new settlements in a wooded country, and the product
is all that is realized where land is cleared by cutting and burning. The receipts
from the ashes, or their products, formed quite an item with the carly settlers, and
often assisted largely towards payment for their lands. Woods differ considerably in
the amount of alkali that can be obtained from their ashes, but seven pounds of pot-
ash to a bushel may be taken as a general average. The discovery of potash and soda
salts in minerals, and in mineral waters, has of late years afforded a source of supply
altogether independent of ashes, and in quantities quite sufficient for the wants of
commerce.
(a.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash from 1789-'90 to 1819-20-Quantities stated sep-
arately, with total values, and deduction of average value per ton.

Years.
Potash Pearlash Total
(tons). (tons). value.
Average
value per
ton.
Years.
Potash Pearlash Total
(tons). (tons).
value.
Average
value per
ton.
1789-'90.
7,050
1, 548
1805-'06..
4, 616
1790-'91
3, 083
1,512
3, 197
$930, 000
$151 76
1806-'07.
1791-'92
5, 852
4, 473
2, 773
3, 349
1, 490, 000
172 74
1807-'08.
1792-'93
1, 464
867
4,359
1, 807
408, 000
175 03
1808-'09 ..
1793-'94 ...
5, 998
4, 854
2, 337
2, 732 1, 506, 000
172 50
1809-'10...
7, 083
1794-'95
3, 145
1, 835
3, 2271, 579, 000
153 15
1810-'11
1795-'96
4, 289
1, 557
3, 661
1,423
752, 000
128 63
1811-'12
1796-'97
2,477
626
2, 191
2,045
333,000
107 31
1812-'13 ...
1797-'98.
5, 855
1,670
285
3,796
201, 000
102 71
1798-'99..
4, 669
2,495
1813-'14.
1814-'15
1, 225
227
217, 000
149 45
·
1799-1800..
6, 760
3,850
1, 091
865,000
175 06
1,261
1815-'16.
5, 461
1800-'01.
7,228
1,297
1,390 1, 630, 000
237 92
1816-'17 ...
1801-'02.
8, 318
3, 398
1,785
2, 1911, 967, 000
186 62
1817-'18.
6, 400
1802-'03
3,270
2, 194
2, 137 1, 275, 290
149 38
1803-'04.
3, 411
1, 138
1804-'05.
3, 557
1, 575
$735, 000
640, 000
776,000
$134 51
140 63
151 21
1818-'19...
1819-20...
7, 009
1, 057 1, 419, 470
175 97
6, 823
1, 802
952, 354
110 42
(b.) Exportation from 1820-'21 to 1864-'65-Quantities stated together (tons), with total
values.

Pot and
Average
Pot and
Years.
pearl ashes. Total value.
(Tons.)
value
per ton.
Years.
pearl ashes. Total value.
(Tons.)
Average
valuo
per ton.
1820-'21
1821-'22
8, 353
9, 608
$889, 348
1,099, 053
$106 47 1843-'44
18, 271
$1,140, 848
$62 44
114 41
1844-'45
1822-'23
24, 219
13, 214
1, 210, 496
1,770, 523
50 00
133 99
1845-'46
1823-'24
12, 938
9, 800
735, 689
75 07
1, 613, 796
124 73
1846-'47
1824-'25
7, 235
18, 479
1, 994, 381
618, 000
85 42
107 92
1847-'48
1825-'26
4, 465
9, 210
466, 477
104 48
900, 458
97 77 1848-'49
1826-'27
4, 603
6, 810
515, 603
613, 171
112 01
94 44 1849-'50
1827-228
8, 501
4,592
572, 870
124 73
761, 370
89 56
1850-'51
1828-'29
5,918
6, 881
649, 091
109 68
817, 734
118 84
1851-'52...
1829-'30
8, 957
5, 052
507, 673
1, 105, 127
100 49
123 38
1852-'53
1830-'31
10, 219
3, 421
935, 613
334, 321
97 72
91 55
1853-'54
1831-'32
-
8, 859
3, 217
322, 728
930, 398
100 32
105 02
1854-'55
1832-'33
11, 052
3, 596
814, 398
448, 499
124 61
73 68
1855-'56
1833-'34
3, 356
429, 428
6, 481
127 96
557, 500
86 02
1856-'57
1834-'35
5, 768
6, 448
571, 591
696, 367
120 73
88 64
1857-'58
1835-'36
6, 003
3, 958
554, 744
140 15
723, 606
120 60
1858-'59
1836-'37
5, 031
6, 565
731, 596
643, 861
127 78
111 43
1859-'60
1837-'38
7,745
13, 597
710, 342
822, 820
60 51
91 71
1860-'61
1838-'39
4, 985
6, 052
620, 369
651, 547
130 69
102 50
1861-'62
1839-'40
3,745
5, 572
457, 049
533, 193
122 05
1840-'41
5,565
573, 026
95 68
102 97
1862-'63
·
3,065
513, 704
167 60
1841-'42
8, 012
882, 741
110 17
1863-'64
1864-'65
2,445
468, 626
191 66
1842-'43
5, 436
2, 633
541, 004
727,229
276 20
99 52
378
EXPORTATION OF POTASH AND PEARLASH.
(c.) Exportation from 1865-'66 to 1878-79-Quantities stated together (pounds), with total
values.

Pot and
Years.
pearl ashes. Total value. value per
(Pounds.)
Average
Pot and
Years.
pound.
pearl ashes. Total value. valuo per
(Pounds.)
Average
pound.
1865-'66
3, 078, 757
$298, 139
$0 09.7
1872-'73.
1866-'67
1, 007, 753
1,596, 592
$88, 562
168, 882
$0 08.7
10.6
1873-'74
1807-'68
1, 502, 626
124, 027
2, 467, 304
08.2
256, 330
10.3
1874-'75
1868-'69
1,726, 624
2, 998, 857
188, 844
06.9
248, 339
08,3
1875-'76.
1869-'70
2, 316, 877
1, 309, 861
75, 597
05.9
168, 731
07.3
1876-'77
1870-'71
·
949, 845
53, 170
05.6
1, 474, 954
103, 249
07
1871-'72
1, 413, 901
108, 474
07.7
1877-'78
1878-'79.
679, 882
38, 389
05.7
1,060, 691
61, 266
05.7
(d.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash, by Districts, from 1855-'56 to 1878-79.
[Quantities and values.]

Passamaquoddy,
Mo.
Portland, Me.
Boston, Mass.
New York, N. Y.
Years.

Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
1855-'56...
2,240
1856-'57
$113
1857-'58..
47, 040
6, 720
$2,647
600
7, 463, 680
$426, 583
12, 882, 240
257, 600
693, 615
1858-'59
16, 373
8, 468, 656
1,765, 120
527, 867
1859-'60
102, 872
4, 704
1860-'61
$275 18,329,920
8, 831, 526
465, 314
199, 604
10, 886, 848
772, 920
537, 702
1861-'62
164, 358
202, 832
9, 990
10, 149, 212
84, 448
475, 309
1862-'63
4,855
97, 328
5, 736
7, 976, 528
228
435, 278
12
1863-'64
256, 256
13, 989
6, 458, 368
489, 874
-
1864-'65
1,008
75, 824
7,405
5, 083, 344
100
448
441, 238
48
1865-'66
4, 144
440
2,797, 008
711, 979
1866-'67
800
100
443
41
1867-'68
1,548, 002
166, 261
1868-'69
3,375
359
200
25
2, 462, 602
255, 807
1869-'70..
11, 035
1, 115
2, 973, 236
247, 120
1870-'71
1, 100
97
2, 275, 462
166, 978
1871-'72
23, 771
2,272
1, 416, 706
99, 419
1872-'73.
2, 139
200
1,403, 980
107, 677
1873-'74
·
1,250
985, 213
130
87, 107
1874-'75..
1, 385, 343
108, 465
55, 446
1875-'76
3, 461
1, 554, 544
105, 198
1876-'77
4, 271
340
950, 327
57, 024
1877-'78
1, 200
150
905, 382
50, 231
1878-'79
20, 717
962
630, 161
35, 070
6, 300
1, 900
1, 002, 938
55, 369
Philadelphia, Pa. New Orleans, La.
Detroit, Mich.
Minnesota, Minn.
Years.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds. Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
85, 120
134, 400
$1,200
544
1858-'59
1859-'60
126, 898
048, 368
$9,580
74, 100
·
1, 120
88
2,240
1860-'61
$166 1, 205, 456
83, 470
2,688
178
1861-'62
7,504
359
1,568
•
479
1862-'63
79, 968
672
73
10, 416
985
1863-'64
33,600
228
16
22, 400
1864-'65
3, 150
2,620
2,220
2, 464
173
1,680
181
1865-'66
23, 520
2, 315
1866-'67
300
51
1867-'68
800
124
1868-'69
8,372
601
1869-'70.
37, 678
1, 399
1870-'71
27, 442
1, 048
1871-'72..
1872-'73
1,400
$25
637
137
859
118
642
62
1873-'74
133
19
1874-'75
8, 834
242
1875-'76
600
63
1870-'77
9,000
500
360
20
1877-'78
6, 500
245
1878-'79,
26, 338
1, 481
{
}
EXPORTATION OF POTASH AND PEARLASH.
379
(d.) Exportation of Potash and Pearlash, &c.—Continued.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Genesee, N. Y.
Oswego, N. Y.
Champlain, N. Y.
Years.

Pounds. Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds.
Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60
560
18, 144
4,368
$30
1 457
1,008
$50
2, 016
$100
5, 650
$103
355 1,223
50
1860-'61
22, 400
1, 110
1861-'62
18, 368
28, 000
1862-'63
1863-'64
9, 520
820
1,350
567
1864-'65
784
80
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
+
1870-'71.
1871-'72 ...
1872-'73
2,000
120
862
25
4,829
332
5, 040
325
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78..
1878-'79
22, 540
6, 721
•
•
107, 809
6, 721
34 400
2, 362
20, 925
1, 528
14, 812
1, 185
3,888
350
Lake Ports of New
York.
Oswegatchie, N. Y.
Vermont, Vt.
Huron, Mich.
Years.

Pounds. Value.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds. Value.
Pounds. Value.
1855-'56
1856-'57..
15, 680
$952
1857-'58
1858-'59
336
15
1659-'60
❤
1860-'61
4, 480
235
1861-'62
120, 524
1862-'03
97, 104
1863-'64
292, 104
$6, 201
5,529
17, 200
896
672
$55
44
1864-'65
37, 632
9, 258
1865-'66
1866-'67
46,823
2, 402
1867-'68
D
150
1868-'69
1869-'70
·
8
6,000
$450
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
6, 600
300
302,863
21, 745
350
15, 016
1,232
33
Bath, Me., 336 ($28) in 1867-'68.
Belfast, Me., 24 ($4) in 1878–’79.
Machias, Me., 224 ($27) in 1866-'67; 50 ($3) in 1876-77.
Gloucester, Mass., 224 ($25) in 1864-'65.
New Bedford, Mass., 2,226 ($50) in 1877-'78.
Salem, Mass., 2,240 ($85) in 1855-'56; 3,024 ($138) in 1860–'61.
Other ports of Massachusetts besides Boston, 1,680 ($200) in 1863-'64.
Baltimore, Md., 1.800 ($72) in 1875–76.
Brazos de Santiago, Tex., 2,464 ($56) in 1863-'64.
Pearl River, Miss., 2,100 ($210) in 1871-'72.
Corpus Christi, Tex., 437 ($25) in 1870-'71.
Texas, Tex., 41 ($4) in 1867-'68.
San Francisco, Cal., 67,200 ($200) in 1857-'58; 43 ($6) in 1876-'77; 5,116 ($844) in 1877-'78; 21,203 ($3,162)
in 1878-'79.
Willamette, Oreg., 48 ($10) in 1870-'71.
Northern Frontier.
Cape Vincent, N. Y., 6,272 ($630) in 1864-'65.
Chicago, Ill., 3,360 ($187) in 1863-'64.
Milwaukee, Wis., 24,640 ($2,000) in 1864-'65.
Niagara, N. Y., 4,480 ($160) in 1860-'61.
380
SHIP-BUILDING.
XII.-SHIP-BUILDING.
The official tables of Commerce and Navigation enable us to present some of the
leading facts concerning the amount of ship-building in the United States for a con-
tinuous period of nearly sixty-five years. The quantities of timber and other forest
products used in this industry can only be inferred from the number, kind, and ton-
nage of vessels built, which are shown in general aggregates in the following tables :
1. Number, Class, and Tonnage of Vessels built in the United States since 1815.
(a.) Annual statement.
(b.) Annual average in periods of five years, derived from the preceding tables.
(c.) Deductions of percentages from preceding tables.
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels built annually since 1854, by Districts,
with Summaries of States, and General Summary by Coasts and Frontiers.
3. [Comparison of the number of vessels built and registered in Canada in the years
from 1868 to 1879.]
1.-NUMBER, CLASS, AND TONNAGE OF VESSELS BUILT WITHIN THE UNITED STATES
SINCE 1814.
(a.) Annual Statement.


Years.¹
Ships and barks.
Brigs.
Schooners.
Sloops, canal-boats,
ând barges.
Steamers.
Class of vessels.
Total number of vessels
built.
Total ton-
nage.2
1815
136
224
681
274
1, 315
1816
154, 624. 39
76
122
781 424
1, 403
131, 668. 04
1817
34
86 559 394
1818
1,073
86, 393. 37
53
85 428 332
898
82, 421. 20
1819..
53
82
473 243
851
79, 817. 86
1820
21
60 301 152
534
1821
47, 784. 01
43
89
247
127
506
55, 856. 01
1822
64
131 260
168
623
75, 346. 93
1823
55 127
260 165
15
622
75, 007. 57
1824
56
156
377 166
26
781
90, 939.00
1825
56 197 538 168
35
994
114,997.25
1826
71 187
482
227
45
1, 012
126, 438.35
1827
55 153 464
241
38
951
104, 342. 67
1828
73
108 474
196
33
884
93, 375. 58
1829
44
68
485
145
43
785
77, 098. 65
1830
25
56 403
116
37
637
58,094. 24
1831
72
95 416
94
34
711
85,762. 68
1832
132
143
568 122
100
1, 065
144, 539. 16
1833
144
169 625
185
65
1,188
161, 626. 36
1834
98
94 497
180
68
937
118, 330. 37
1835
25
50
301
100
30
506
46, 238. 52
1836..
93
65 444
164
124
890
113, 627.49
1837.
67
72 507
168 135
949
122, 987. 22
1838
66
79
501
153
90
889
113, 135, 44
1839
83
89
439 122 125
858
120, 989. 34
1840
97
109 378 224
64
872
118, 309. 23
1841
114 101
310 157
78
760
118, 893. 71
1842
116
91 273
404
137
1, 021
129, 083. 64
1843
58
34 138
173
79
482
43, 617. 77
1844
73
47 204 279 163
766
103, 537. 29
1845
124
1846
1847
1848
1849
87 322
100 164 576
151 168 689
254 174
198 148 623
342 163
1,038
146, 018. 02
355 225
1,420
188, 203.93
392
198
1,598
243, 732. 67
701 547
175
1,851
318, 075. 54
370
208
1, 547
256, 577. 47
1850
247 117 547
200 259
1, 360
272, 218. 54
1851
211
65 522
326
233
1,367
298, 203. 60
1852
255
79
584
267
259
1, 444
351, 493. 41
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
269 95 681
334 112 661 386 281
381 126 605 669 253 2, 034
306 103 594 479
251 58 504 258
394 271
1,710
425, 571. 49
1, 774
535, 616. 01
583, 450. 04
221
263
1, 703
1, 334
460, 393. 73
378, 804. 70
1 The "years" in this table are those in which the fiscal year end.
2 Before 1864 the registry was in "tons and 95ths;" since that date, in "tons and hundredths."
SHIP-BUILDING.
381
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865...
1866.
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871..
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1815-'19..
1820-'24.
1825-'29.
1830-'34.
1835-'39
1840-'44.
·
1845-'49.
1850-'54.
1855-'59.
1860-'64.
1865-'69
1870-'74.
-
1875-'79.
Years.
(a.) Annual statement-Continued.

-PILE-KEAJO:E÷÷EEE Ships and barks.
225470
122
46
431 400 226
1, 225
242, 286. 60
89
28
297
284
172
870
156, 601. 33
36
372
289
264
1, 071
212, 892. 45
38
360 371
264
1, 143
233, 194. 35
17
207 397
183
864
175, 075. 84
31
212 1,113
367
1,823
310, 884. 34
45
322 1,389
498
2,306
415, 740. 64
46 369 853
411
1,788
383, 805. 60
61
457
926
348
1, 888
336, 146. 56
70
517
657
180
1, 519
303, 528.66
48
590
848 236
1,802
285, 304.73
36
506
816
277
1,726
275, 230. 05
27
519
709
290
1, 618
276, 953. 31
14
498
901
302
1,755
273, 226. 51
10
426
900
292
1, 643
209, 052, 22
9
611 1,221
402
2,271
359, 245. 76
655 995
404
2, 147
432, 725. 17
114
502
340
323
1, 301
297, 638.79
424
269
338
1, 112
203, 585. 63
337 169
265
846
153, 845. 40
10
279 165 334
256 165 335
866
189, 926. 11
803
279, 392. 04
Brigs.
Schooners.
Sloops, canal-boats,
and barges.
Steamers.
Class of vessels.
Total number of vessels

built.
Total ton-
nage.
(b.) Annual Averages, in Five-Year Periods, derived from the Preceding Table.
Periods.
Class of vessels.
Total ton-
nage.
70.4
119.8
584.4
333.4
1, 108. 0
106,984. 98
47.8
112.6
289.0
155. 6
8.2
613. 2
68, 986. 71
59.8
142.6
488. 6
195. 4
38.8
925. 2
103, 250, 52
94.2
111. 4
501.8
139. 4
60. 8
907.6
113, 670. 57
66. 8
71.0
438. 4
141. 4
100.8
818, 4
103, 395. 62
91. 6
76.4
260. 6
247.4
104.2
780.2
102, 688. 35
165. 4
148. 2
582,2
401.2
193. 8
1, 490. 8
230, 521. 55
263.2
93.6
599.0
314. 6
260.6
1, 531.0
376, 620. 63
4
229.8
72.2
486. 2
401.8
227.0
1, 433. 2
364, 307.30
97.8
34.0
294. 6
711. 8
315.2
1, 453. 4
269, 557.54
94.2
52.2
447.8
820.0
290.4
1,744.6
316, 803. 12
45. 4
16.4
541.8
945. 2
338. 0
1, 886. 8
310, 240. 59
75.8
9.6
357.6
221.6
319.0
985. 6
224, 877.59
382
SHIP-BUILDING.
1815-'19
1820-'24
1825-'29
1830-'34
1835-'39
1840-'44
1845-'49
1850-'54
-
·
-
1855-'59
1860-'64
-
1865-'69
1870-'74
1875-'79
←
(c.) Deductions of Percentages from Preceding Table.

Porcentrge of each class to total vessels
built.
Periods.
Ships and barks.
Brigs
Schooners.
Sloops, canal-boats,
and barges.
Steamers.
Average tonnage of vessels
of all classes.
6.35
10.81
52.75 30.08
0.00
96. 56
7.79
18.37
47.37
25.38
1.33
112. 50
6. 47
15.41
52.81
21.12
4. 19
111. 60
10.38
12.28
15. 28
15.36
6.70
125. 24
8.16
8.67
53. 57
17.28
12.32
120. 34
11.74
9.79
33.40
31.71
13.36
131. 62
11.09
9. 94
39.06
26. 91
13.00
154. 63
17.20
6. 11
39. 12
20.55
17.02
246.00
16.03
5.04
33.92
29.17
15.84
254. 19
6.73
2. 34
20.27
48.97
21.69
185.33
5.39
3.00
27.96
47.00
16. 65
181.59
2. 41
0.87
28.72
50.09
17.91
164. 43
7.68
0.95
36.28 22.48
32.67
228. 16
2.-NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS BUILT ANNUALLY SINCE
1854, BY DISTRICTS.
Maine.

Years. Passamaquoddy.
Machias.
Frenchman's Bay.
Penobscot (Cas-
tine).¹
Belfast.
No. Tonnage.2 No. Tonnage.2
No.
Tonnage.2 No.
Tonnage.2 No.
Tonnage.2
1855.
38
17, 999. 30
26
6, 674. 69
31
10, 398. 88
15
6, 664.32
35
15, 343. 46
1856...
22
8, 734. 01
25
4, 452. 78
16
2, 681. 62
14
3,744. 31
31
11, 551. 08
1857..
17
7, 644. 15
19
5, 053. 56
20
4,398. 92
15
4, 557.36
26
9, 897. 03
1858..
8
2, 077.53
16
3, 882.94
14
2, 345.75
21
4, 637. 70
10
3, 077.42
1859....
2
2,696. 34
9
1, 876. 74
7
751.79
11
1, 972. 09
8
3, 255. 74
1860...
13
2,874.66
22
4,307. 61
7
614.31
13
1, 849. 52
16
6, 001. 47
1861...
13
1, 905. 64
20
5, 824. 84
8
638. 42
7
877.89
11
5, 309. 33
1862...
12
2, 691. 16
6
1, 566. 84
4
961. 08
1
230.55
8
4, 942 82
1863...
11
3, 191. 94
4
464.86
3
1, 196. 89
13
5, 234.00
1864.
18
5, 136. 69
28
9, 122. 82
6
952. 84
1
87. 14
13
6. 134. 65
1865..
15
3, 926. 04
20
5, 177. 59
5
861.38
3
712. 34
23
9, 545. 56
1866...
14
4, 122. 90
23
5, 624. 83
6
1, 317. 59
8
1, 316. 83
27
10, 207. 16
1867...
24
5, 217.88
27
8, 350. 55
10
3, 141. 59
10
1, 522. 73
34
11, 089. 00
1868..
25
4, 624.95
25
4, 974. 75
9.
1, 142. 41
12
2, 951. 29
18
4, 417.55
1869.
24
5, 236. 60
19
3,930. 16
15
1, 266. 15
6
1, 118. 08
13
6, 592. 28
1870...
21
5, 051. 86
1
22
4, 415. 49
15
1, 821. 37
9
2, 341. 69
13
8, 519. 82
1871...
16
3, 485. 91
14
2, 814. 12
16
1, 376. 68
15
1, 560.92
19
9. 097.51
1872..
16
2,225. 86
20
4; 353. 47
6
568.02
8
711.37
8
451.86
1873...
27
5, 154. 63
26
7,027.28
10
1, 024. 83
1, 258. 22
14
4,327, 86
1874.
25
5, 213. 44
30
10, 300. 39
15
1, 860. 54
5
1, 320. 44
8
1, 412. 01
1875.
20
4, 458. 84
31
11, 544. 10
6
1, 043. 23
6
1, 786. 43
23
13, 375. 71
1876
7
1, 937. 02
13
5, 275.45
10
1, 961. 67
5
449. 94
8
6, 444. 50
1877...
10
4,055. 38
10
3,530.76
3
148. 20
5
1, 467. 60
9
6, 167.98
1878...
7
1, 667.51
11
5, 195. 52
4
1, 072. 37
5
1,990.66
1879...
4
537.00
9
2, 491. 86
3
1, 175. 21
งง
7
5, 689. 69
7
1, 605. 01
"Penobscot" till 1866-'67; afterward “Castine.”
2 Before the act of May 6, 1864, the tonnage was given in "tons and 95ths"; since that date it is "tons
and hundredths.'
""
SHIP-BUILDING.
383
2.-Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.
Maine.
Years.¹
Bangor.
Waldoboro'.
Wiscasset.
Bath.
Portland and Fal-
mouth.

No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855..
1856.
1857...
1858.
1859.....
1860....
1861..
10
1862...
1863...
10
1864...
12
1865....
11
1866..
18
1867...
18
1868.
12
1869..
13
1870...
12
1871...
1872...
1873.
1874.
1875.
3
·
5
1876....
1877....
1878.....
1879...
2
KARRERADO2-23ON TO LO DO LO LO TO DO LO CI
25
7, 143. 32
75
49, 678. 06
15
10, 439. 37
77
56, 929. 45
40
25, 800. 12
18
5, 478. 73
55
30, 333. 79
18
4,351. 35
67
50, 181. 93
39
21, 738. 11
15
4, 977.36
41
22, 748. 32
12
3, 515. 45
45
29, 760. 15
20
12, 925. 69
13
2, 576. 45
22
11, 118. 93
11
1, 401. 62
25
14, 300. 79
16
7, 347. 36
11
3, 404.40
18
6, 482. 41
12
1, 552. 32
26
14, 737. 21
14
3, 868. 47
12
2, 586. 37
23
10, 950. 88
15
919. 66
22
16, 768. 76
17
5, 308. 59
3, 015. 05
30
10, 189. 36
8
486.00
26
15, 466. 26
19
7, 348. 37
7
1, 432. 40
5
1, 992.50
5, 249.76
16
9, 081. 17
42
4
746. 27
12
4, 777.57
8
2, 455. 25
2
126. 14
21
15, 989. 34
14
6, 593. 16
6, 102. 77
22
11, 078. 03
7
1, 436. 14
37
19, 931. 84
24
8, 277.85
4,099.40
22
8, 783. 35
11
1, 965.80
42
27, 078.58
25
11, 564. 02
7, 491.98
29
12, 335. 28
10
1, 170. 82
38
15, 012. 58
36
13, 530. 17
5,305. 55
41
16, 235. 38
19
1, 871. 04
46
19, 860. 23
27
12,951. 22
2, 419. 94
37
11, 893. 45
7
611. 41
33
12, 224.99
21
7, 826. 27
3, 467. 74
22
10, 810. 30
5
268.21
45
21, 693. 27
9
1, 877.97
1, 468. 37
34
13, 259. 52
14
713. 33
39
18, 122. 52
23
12, 141. 40
3
341. 04
31
10, 614. 95
37
1, 028. 46
48
9, 825.52
21
6, 045. 91
5
849.97
20
3, 912.45
8
307.22
42
13, 195. 34
9
2, 446. 51
405.70
33
9, 706. 31
6
188.80
42
16, 198. 34
8
3, 182. 05
5
1, 320. 44
46
15, 777. 14
8
717.98
53
29.425. 28
26
11, 557. 26
3, 505.00
32
20, 700. 75
7
1, 203. 14
52
33, 843. 19
33
15, 904. 84
1,
280.87
15
10, 843. 00
13
2, 863. 91
40
20, 744. 61
25
14, 176. 58
719.86
19
12, 940. 12
7
391. 07
52
31, 319. 84
7
5, 240. 88
2, 318. 45
16
7, 905. 05
40
26, 931. 01
11
7,042.96
212.43
8
7, 098. 07
3
47.21
34
20, 046. 36
10
6, 370.55
Maine.
New Hampshire.

Years.
Saco.
Kennebunk.
York.
Total.
Portsmouth.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.
4
-
1, 579. 35
12
7, 253. 66
396
1856.
-
215, 904. 73
11
8, 928. 24
11
6, 659. 66
316
149, 907.87
10
10, 395. 08
1857...
9
5, 996. 02
1
57.14
240
110,933. 20
9
8, 718. 19
1858..
1
121.03
10
3,069. 36
167
55, 959. 48
6.
5, 075. 77
1859
7
2, 307.58
125
40, 905. 34
6
3, 846. 41
1860..
2
81.22
8
5, 431. 56
2
172.64
172
87, 867. 80
5
3, 808. 03
1861...
9
6, 282. 43
161
57, 343. 79
10
1862..
-
8
4, 467. 31
75
26, 264. 00
1863.
4
1, 690. 55
1
50.08
99
48, 867. 14
1864...
12
5, 493. 57
180
73, 754. 74
1865.
15
5, 230. 29
1
346.00
193
79, 290. 55
1254
4, 602. 43
189.76
563.50
3, 510. 88
824.43
1866..
1
74.23
16
1, 717. 20
226
73, 921. 57
14
4, 024. 57
1867....
3
1, 172. 73
21
2, 297.03
280
89, 014. 93
2
1, 529. 45
1868..
1
47.76
12
5, 331. 33
212
58, 465. 80
13
5, 549. 47
1869....
1
227.39
5
5, 135. 15
175
61, 441. 83
1
69.43
1870...
10
6, 570. 02
212
74, 435. 39
4
2, 486. 86
1871..
8
2, 354. 42
228
48, 545. 44
3
1, 207. 83
1872..
7
3, 398.72
149
32, 420.79
1873.
1
204.00
8
4,369.94
199
54, 080. 48
1874...
3
562.75
12
8, 557.99
252
93, 689. 63
1875.
1
305.92
7
6, 317. 34
223
113, 988. 48
1876...
2
17.38
9
2, 886.09
152
68, 281. 02
1877...
1
9. 21
11
7,087.08
137
73, 077.98
1878...
1
12. 12.
10
5, 940. 65
117
65, 769.99
1879.
1
9.47
12
3, 035. 06
93
42, 628. 23
1325 FFN
4
4
378.75
3, 182.88
1,585. 12
1, 702. 59
47. 11
2, 972. 85
2
518. 65
1 Fiscal years, ending in the years given in the table.
384
SHIP-BUILDING.
2.-Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.

Massachusetts.
Years.
Newburyport.
Norwich.
Gloucester.
Salem.
Beverley.
No. Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
1855.....
11
8, 535.50
1
152.93
13
1, 157.66
3
497.91
3
409.66
1856.
12
..
7,979. 75
17
1, 551. 29
3
836.82
1
198. 15
1857....
6
4, 749. 39
25
2, 238. 39
1
495. 74
3
286.89
1858..
10
4, 049. 77
40
2,503.20
3
662. 62
1
95.36
1859..
8
3,755.00
37
3, 165. 05
2
579.73
2
154. 22
1860...
12
4, 408. 69
1
153. 16
55
4,844. 62
1
182.00
1861.
7
6, 309. 12
31
3, 254. 35
3
1, 221. 30
1862
2
278.27
9
880.81
1
159.29
1863..
5
4, 436. 15
4
549.67
2
413. 58
1
1864
6
3, 946. 56
15
1,826. 92
1
163.05
1
99.38
175. 22
1865....
12
6, 807. 31
15
1, 416.75
1
243.00
1866...
8
3,569.44
48
3. 402. 86
1867....
7
4, 211. 74
35
2, 425.86
2
143.87
1868....
7
2, 007.75
31
1, 929. 23
1869...
8
3, 802.95
29
1, 825. 11
3
745. 87
See Salem.
1870...
4
2, 103. 61
30
2, 135. 65
4
865. 79
....do
1871...
8
1, 396. 18
1872...
7
3,829. 51
1873...
2
561. 41
1874.
13
8, 327. 40
1875.
12
9, 076. 35
1876...
8
6, 910. 45
1877....
4
1, 691. 32
1878...
13
1879.
4
4, 103. 78
1,784.89
FRAN@H88
17
1, 105. 29
5
944.56
....do
►
13
823.33
3
293.64
..do
10
1, 261. 69
1
28. 18
27
2, 550.07
32
2, 638. 18
31
2,493. 88
26
10
9
1, 910. 92
653.58
508. 15
212
106. 60
10.58
23.76
Massachusetts.

Years.
Marblehead.
Boston and
Charlestown.
Plymouth.
Barnstable.
Fall River.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.....
7
1, 596. 92
63
56, 496. 06
4
471.49
14
1856....
6
505.79
68
62, 444. 89
2
358.77
1857
5
897. 14
51
40, 014. 60
4
427.26
1858.
4
397.70
38
21, 276. 29
1
178.89
1859.
1
54. 31
32
21, 751. 74
522LO
1, 169. 54
4
361. 40
2
2,778. 39
615. 20
248.77
197.41
4
632. 72
714.72
1
79.22
1860..
47
21, 147. 32
2
571.03
9
838.94
2
362.81
1861..
45
23, 466. 90
2
558.38
10
1, 446. 53
• •
1862.
10
7, 176. 28
1
321.28
5
714.77
1863..
28
15,722. 63
2
373. 31
4
646.84
2
356. 12
1804..
2
225.90
33
15, 768. 83
1
136. 33
6
1, 056. 44
1
28.04
1865.
2
978.00
38
23, 360. 74
3
164. 61
3
652.83
2
469.00
1866....
1
46.79
62
27, 664. 37
3
231. 70
1
456.02
1367
4
495. 22
33
15, 765. 52
6
501. 23
21
2, 581.69
3
647.60
1868
43
24, 083.75
4
291.93
1869.
4
285.50
41
29, 460. 50
6
660.05
1870..
1
37.50
45
23, 527. 13
3
35.22
1871...
2
25. 25
25
4,732. 32
2
146. 62
120000
8
435.25
3
218.99
8
527.97
92.45
1872...
2
28.28
25
6, 169. 84
1
20.41
1873...
4
64. 07
37
13, 418. 67
1
103.41
1874...
25
16, 272. 38
IN
2
983.87
12
653.03
1
1, 024. 69
1875..
31
17, 034. 95
62
1876..
1877...
1878...
1879..
1182
12. 68
25
10, 943. 11
1
9.45
1
14. 15
19
10, 159. 89
1
3
23.76
19
11, 370. 18
2
47.00
186. 01
1
98. 31
34
80.88
1,744. 10
523.28
86.54
234.35
319.98
17.17
20
20 6, 407. 25
SHIP-BUILDING.
385
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.

Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Years.
New Bedford.
Edgartown.
Total.
Providence.
Bristol and War.
reu.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.....
15
6, 337. 55
144
79, 669. 54
12
2, 929. 46
1856..
16
1857....
==
5, 174. 35
134
80, 834. 83
5
1, 148. 02
14
5, 691.37
113
55, 411. 20
5
1, 176. 35
1858...
5
2, 120. 13
1
21.49
110
32, 599. 41
4
813. 60
w w en co
9
4, 688. 61
5
2, 902. 83
3
1, 716. 38
3
2,297. 89
1859.
1
79.22
91
31, 269. 29
1860.
1861.
1862..
1863.
NNON
2
628.07
1
224. 24
132
33, 461.08
2
838.3L
1
324. 10
670.09
1
279.63
101
37, 206. 45
2
234.49
3, 055. 60
33
12, 586. 45
3
696. 16
2
852.82
50
23, 450. 40
4
1, 825. 88
1864
4
1, 403. 52
1
20.69
71
24, 751. 75
2
964. 65
1865.
3
652.83
1
34.58
80
33, 879. 49
10
10, 144. 45
2
673.00
1866..
10
1, 302. 91
133
36, 674. 09
1867
2
406. 49
116
27, 179. 22
1868..
1
49.30
82
20, 002. 86
1869.
6
703.46
1
131. 37
109
38, 269.05
224
2
483. 29
2
5, 924. 40
160.08
261. 12
1870
1871
1872.
712
7
194. 11
102
29, 426. 98
1
8.73
62
8, 451. 02
2
574. 24
1
2
117. 42
1
6.78
54
11, 289. 21
1873.
1
7.35
58
16, 178. 69
ลล
2
432. 21
1
38.28
38. 28
2
1, 323. 62
1
52.48
1874.
2
596. 66
77
31, 490. 20
1
44. 13
1875..
4
28.30
81
29, 301. 06
1876.
1
7.36
70
20, 570. 07
LO S
5
141. 33
3
25.08
2
68.19
1877...
4
501. 78
61
14, 675. 44
1878.
7
1, 447. 96
60
18, 133. 04
1
1879..
1
302.78
1
5.89
37
9, 026. 13
7
10. 60
75.92
CD LO
3
5
119. 25.
95, 56.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.

Years.
Newport.
Total.
Middletown.
New London.
Stonington

No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855..
1856.
1857.
1858.
2 M M
3
3
243.41
280.54
690.39
23
7, 861. 51
12
13
4, 331. 44
11
3, 583. 37
14
7
3, 111. 54
1859.
1860.
1861
312
248. 61
3
248. 61
232.83
4
1, 395. 99
24+225
1, 267.09
16
4,636. 12
18
5,325. 77
8
1, 206. 17
8.
1, 524. 89
11
2,025 18.
1,750. 52
4
346. 35
9
1, 419. 63
130.37
5
982.56
13.
4, 448. 06.
122. 20
3
231.29
10
940. 67
304. 57
2
539. 11
8
1862
1
496. 18
4
1, 192. 34
4
1863.
4
1,825. 88
4
876. 63
1, 233. 23
433.58
628.28
543
1, 019. 91
13
2, 547.37
309.09
11
2, 101. 21
3, 427.64
2
1, 969. 60.
1864
2
514. 93
4
1,479.63
15
2, 920. 51
1865
12
10, 817. 45
11
2, 310. 34
1866
11
1867
1868
1869
1
12.66
1870.
1
20.28
1871.
2
24.67
1872
1873
1874
1875
4
37.60
1876.
3
37.26
4251KO CO CI∞∞
6, 407. 69
13
2, 290. 49
2,696. 94
160. 08
6
832. 22
HQHO LO
1
30.82
6
4, 153. 75
2
660. 90.
10
3, 797. 15.
1
30.32
5
652.84
9
840.78
9
3, 498, 79
5
58.12
17
499.93:
274.48
14
1, 516. 18
81.70
7
1, 400. 58.
20.28
12
1, 425. 04
637.19
14
3
470.49
10
3
1, 376. 10
3
1, 864. 55
876.58
656.83
1
44. 13
6
1, 648. 48
9
178.93
5
1, 062. 81
ON AS LO O END
2
180.42
7
1, 672. 11
549.90
8
1,208. 90.
155. 22
6
184. 04
134. 42
9
1, 278. 47
4:
78.06
7
1, 181. 25.
110. 16
13
2, 515. 83,
8
130.53
1877
1878
2
16. 19
6
146. 04
1879
2
119. 72
14
291. 20
7621
416. 32
7
487.45
11
302, 33
5
1, 283. 97
4
298.99
12
613. 82-
13. 01
5.
274.70
3
185. 04
268, 97
1
5. 31
6
530.31
Nantucket, 2 vessels (323.94 tons) in 1856; 1 (463.53 tons) in 1858, and 1 (7.18 tons) in 1876-'77.
25 FOR
386
SHIP-BUILDING.
}
2., Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.
Connecticut.
New York (Atlantic Coast).

Years.
New Haven.
Fairfield.
Total.
Sag Harbor.
Greenport.

No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
1855..
1856.
13
1857....
1858...
1859.
00 00 COLO
8
2, 392. 70
1, 203.29
8
6
1, 153. 00
722.21
5
1, 381. 15
1860...
7
1, 534. 84
1861..
3
307.70
1862..
5
1, 280. 48
1863..
9
1,879. 20
1864.
7
1, 663. 55
1865
14
2, 801.94
1866..
15
3, 157. 20
1867..
16
3, 845. 73
1868..
10
2, 303. 77
25 JLO O LO + HCC N N N LO
445. 39
61
14, 067. 17
1
169. 15
1,545. 32
40
7,504. 90
6
920.78
4
370.82
39
5, 040. 42
5
835.05
31
7, 118. 30
4
536.58
2
370.33
22
3, 045. 69
5
1, 779. 13
35
758.03
1
150.38
3
381.32
4
1, 034. 51
30
4, 985. 79
2
166. 28
1
222.82
13
5, 364. 62
1
61. 13
3
394.07
18
4,871. 20
2
519. 32
349. 07
32
9, 117. 80
2
871.00
39
10, 441. 43
2
583.83
34
6, 714. 68
175.60
49
11, 057. 84
287
385.58
3
115. 62
504. 18
1, 143. 89
43
4, 897. 93
11
1869..
5
281. 32
77.73
35
3, 357.51
5
1, 107. 36
101.32
1870..
5
286. 14
6
661.47
32
4, 225. 18
12
472. 15
1871.
11
1, 855. 81
5
46. 17
41
5, 525. 33
16
236. 78
1872.
10
825,27
6
47.39
37
2,089. 10
4
74. 13
1873..
8
2, 112. 03
19
210. 08
41
4, 391. 83
7
966. 16
1874..
11
2, 389, 11
8
354.82
36
5, 651. 72
7
385.00
1875.
6
1,829.49
1876.
9
1, 527.66
14
1877
4
872.86
1878.
29
2, 681. 06
1879..
9
2, 549. 15
44062
130.10
33
5, 648. 39
8
1,637.35
143.31
48
2, 877. 11
8
95. 65
80.55
31
3, 150. 19
5
70. 17
109. 41
44
3, 263. 22
10
241.55
55.97
19
3, 409. 71
6
49.09
New York.
New Jersey.

Years.
New York.
Perth Amboy.
Bridgeton.
Burlington.
Camden.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855..
381
92, 697. 23
26
3, 677.21
13
1, 269.62
9
1,035. 06
15
1, 185. 64
1856..
191
49, 316. 75
19
2, 441. 28
16
2, 015. 19
5
249.85
9
634.75
1857
164
43, 118. 04
15
1, 533. 68
18
2, 672. 06
5
580.77
13
1, 059. 55
1858..
140
25, 854. 75
9
865.40
11
1, 611. 45
2
206.29
8
340.92
1859...
91
15, 145. 43
6
680.32
8
578.87
5
915. 04
12
2, 001. 08
1860
141
23, 484. 73
6
870.87
12
1, 210.94
1
14.93
7
440.05
1861..
168
33, 121.85
16
2, 255, 08
9
1, 491. 70
5
378.41
8
1, 012. 03
1862 .
122
32, 627.47
4
699.88
3
118.45
1
60. 58
1
86.58
1863..
419
77, 413. 04
9
1, 175. 28
10
1,484. 22
5
841. 02
7
1864..
599
112, 660. 12
9
2, 139. 57
10
1, 467. 42
29
3, 675. 18
3
425.58
482.31
1865...
263
83, 763. 18
13
1, 516. 06
11
1,899. 53
36
2, 917.68
18
1,692. 58
1866.
120
37, 336. 31
10
1, 960. 59
17
1, 042. 58
2
153.50
5
1, 293. 87
1867...
153
38, 557. 81
8
1, 697. 77
16
2, 328. 17
5
193. 20
6
1, 347. 17
1868
108
14, 352. 57
12
817.54
5
1, 105.37
4
108.58
1869...
123
28, 074. 52
14
823.01
17
1, 148. 17
6
904. 27
1870.... 209
33, 174. 86
23
1, 446. 20
14
1,099. 08
7
469. 79
1871.
315
49, 329. 33
13
789. 22
13
389. 24
28
1, 343. 51
1872...
227
26, 215. 32
13
1, 054. 45
19
815.25
8
699. 71
1873...
601
71, 545. 02
29
2,899.99
22
2, 198. 84
19
1, 517. 77
1874.
149
33, 243. 97
11
742.86
27
2, 662. 47
ī
110.49
1875
100
12, 797.82
14
302. 19
26
4, 659. 51
1876.
86
8, 849.16
10
405.08
24
1, 126. 92
1877...
11
11, 289. 68
11
253.56
12
1, 485. 34
1878....
109
11, 097.76
15
660. 37
6
231.39
1879...
135
11, 265. 24
13
938. 55
32. 55
Cold Spring, N. Y., 3 vessels (663.21 tons) in 1857, and 1 (239 tons) in 1858.
7
1, 153. 93
31248
65. 51
12.99
68.44
76.40
1
SHIP-BUILDING.
387
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.

Years.
Newark. Little Egg Harbor. Great Egg Harbor.
Total.
Philadelphia.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855
1856.
27
407.78
9
1, 319. 77
10
2, 065. 08
84
10, 960. 31
200
33, 829.45
890.91
8
1, 495. 42
11
1, 815. 87
75
9, 543. 47
193
19, 695. 33
1857..
8
1,038. 49
10
1, 757. 80
69
8, 642. 56
126
14, 787. 81
1858...
1
65. 15
1, 106. 52
13
2, 508. 32
50
6, 704. 20
77
10, 339. 09
1859..
2
418. 52
6
907.85
31
5, 561. 78
71
9,887.50
1860...
3
215. 08
361. 14
6
1, 151. 20
38
4, 264. 36
88
11, 941. 67
1861....
3
509. 25
1
262.50
42
5, 909. 07
109
14, 250. 61
1862..
1
131.85
545. 76
6
924. 34
18
2, 573. 64
121
20, 330. 71
1863.
1
121.65
110. 02
2
601.06
36
4, 758. 88
293
36, 592. 74
1864..
2
273.94
4
806. 81
57
8, 845.38
347
46, 635. 86
1865....
1
77.25
5
€46. 25
12
2,546. 41
96
11, 295. 86
140
31, 694. 40
1866..
2
97.59
4
755.06
13
2,293.95
53
7, 597. 14
243
35, 415. 98
1867....
5
1, 374.95
4
816. 57
13
2,022. 96
57
9, 780. 79
163
23, 793.92
1868
1
50.49
12
1, 238. 08
7
927.05
41
4, 247. 10
26
3, 624.75
1869.
5
90.34
8
327.35
14
1, 137. 66
64
4, 430, 80
49
5, 664. 00
1870....
5
310. 11
9
1, 229. 26
14
1, 099. 08
65
5, 076. 76
71
10, 339. 71
1871...
2
183. 34
318.83
5
795. 73
65
3, 819. 87
142
15, 639. 43
1872..
5
488.93
4
359.44
8
2, 202. 06
57
5, 619, 84
303
27, 005. 99
1873....
4
248.11
6
73.95
14
2, 669. 37
94
9, 608.03
161
25, 712. 63
1874..
1
25.38
5
317.50
15
3,048. 93
66
6, 907.63
59
23, 978. 14
1875.
3
143. 28
6
628.35
17
4, 444. 70
69
10, 243. 54
57
25, 057. 24
1876
3
222.92
8
2, 486. 47
47
4, 262.79
53
15,498. 22
1877.
1878
1879....
112
10, 04
5
148.80
4
56. 17
35
2, 022.35
24
7, 795. 01
5.57
5
417.20
153.46
35
1, 544. 39
32
23, 181. 33
42. 03
2
40. 64
672.32
31
2,880.02
40
21, 863. 94
Delaware.
Maryland.

Years.
Wilmington.
Baltimore.
Oxford.
Vienna.
Snow Hill.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.
1856.
37
·
5, 477. 56
60
18, 816. 93
11
906. 87
42
2, 192. 70
31
4,358 45
66
15, 393. 15
25
2, 004. 01
33
1, 919. 20
1857.
23
4, 843. 24
61
18, 013. 46
13
805.43
27
1,538, 33
1858
20
3, 917. 74
26
4, 788. 74
9
713.22
21
1, 221. 81
1859..
15
2, 322. 28
27
5, 842.36
8
446. 07
10
583.79
1860
14
5, 826. 26
29
6, 889. 52
241.50
8
417.47
1861..
14
2, 932. 21
23
7, 007. 17
290.63
17
796. 62
1862...
6
2, 595. 35
11
3, 800. 31
4
223 82
7
271. 75
1863..
2
877.13
137
11, 771. 64
4
280. 12
12
544. 07
PANNPW~~~
7
455. 04
7
468, 26
7
311. 65
3
193. 59
4
242, 55
2
221.40
129. 13
92.37
4
191.83
1864
19
2, 950.42
255
20, 751.91
7
478. 17
15
802.78
1865.
17
3,762. 48
97
7, 983. 46
6
387.24
15
895. 34
1866.
30
9,090. 11
146
11, 286. 97
1
24.00
2
174. 31
1867...
23
8, 226. 48
75
7, 668. 59
4
150.26
1868...
25
4,849. 47
43
1, 160. 15
1869..
17
2, 100. 32
45
2,730.52
1870.
12
2, 435. 14
33
1,399. 76
1871.
17
8, 618 69
63
3, 550. 75
1872.
17
5,762.26
66
6, 210. 84
1873.
31
13,048.00
56
4,498. 65
1874.
28
10, 640. 44
44
3, 517. 45
1875
30
10, 269. 15
22
1,715. 04
1876..
24
11, 211. 64
30
3, 182. 79
1877.
7
1, 338. 65
22
808.25
3
1878.
23
9, 882. 18
24
1, 524. 35
1879..
21
6, 627. 26
24
1, 977. 42
Town Creek, Md., 1 vessel of 71.59 tons in 1857.
388
SHIP-BUILDING.
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.
Maryland.
Dist. of Columbia.

Years.
Saint Mary's.
Annapolis.
Eastern District.
Total.
Georgetown.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855
122
22, 524. 31
29
1856.
1857....
21
152.62
2
133. 12
133
19, 917. 74
2233
1, 668. 30
1, 442. 29
86.27
110
20, 826. 83
1858.
2
78.82
61
6, 996. 33
137
9, 672. 28
1859.
2
71.09
51
7,185. 91
82
"
5, 259. 56
1860..
1
28.75
43
7,798. 74
36
2, 458. 49
1861.
1
77.31
49
5, 300. 91
23
1, 423. 22
1862
1
21. 47
27
4, 415. 82
14
706. 58
1863..
157
12, 787. 71
3
212.33
1864..
277
22, 032. 91
1865
118
9, 266. 04
1
32.84
1866
149
11, 485. 28
1
31.63
1867..
79
7,818, 85
3
154.47
1868...
2
30.95
23
832. 21
67
6, 542. 31
6
166. 13
1869
15
314.59
60
3, 045. 11
7
184.24
1870.
2
26.33
2
26.33
75
2, 372.95
28
1,036. 47
1871.
50
1, 418. 67
113
4, 969. 42
14
394. 87
1872
47
1, 084. 09
113
7, 294. 93
31
1, 352. 21
1873...
2
70.79
46
1, 587.89
104
6, 157. 33
60
3, 322.99
1874
3
42.05
51
1, 450. 34
98
5, 009.84
8
125. 11
1875..
1876.
1
6. 91
39
1, 959. 86
62
3, 681. 81
4
229. 06
•
1
5.63
43
941.45
74
3, 129. 87
5
44.22
•
1877...
1878...
1879..
1
6.90
4
27.29
-
3
35.02
2223
26
516. 06
49
1, 331. 21
8
192.97
21
644. 21
49
2, 205. 21
6
180.70
34
434. 75
61
2,447. 19
4
40.80
Years.
Alexandria.
Accomac Court-
House.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
1855.
11
1856...
7
408. 03
234.54
1857..
1
1858.
3
38. 04
105. 24
JN W
3
90.31
2
85.40
5
170.37
1859....
1860...
1861...
·
31
Յ
117.26
34.74
12
20.27
121. 10
Virginia.

Cherrystone.
East River.
Norfolk and Ports-
mouth.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
LO
5
268. 18
10
2, 170. 89
1
68.31
5
1, 398. 81
3
367.81
5
246.39
5
222. 67
3
126. 71
4
299.74
4
233.60
-
1
20.01
3
987.94
1
23.70
7
441.03
1862.
1863..
1864..
1865
5
1865....
4
1867...
1868...
1869..
LO LO
5
5
1870.
1
1, 027.49
405.02
226. 16
198.96
53.69
2
97.09
77.17
148. 09
1232
3
106. 03
56.83
13
416.85
6
102.49
2
129.94
15
165. 23
21
729. 19
1871...
1
10. 01
15
353.93
14
391.37
1872....
27
1, 530. 35
21
299.85
21
890.59
1873...
21
1, 077. 63
31
393.46
21
922. 31
¡
1874..
4
137. 15
10
119.95
18
662. 22
1875.
4
403.99
16
209, 47
19
764.86
1876.
73.46
11
130. 51
11
527.03
1877
1878..
1879.
666. 04
18
223.26
15
555.96
21
14.03
8
80.02
17
5. 05
12
124. 74
11
1, 611. 68
231.87
1
SHIP-BUIDLING.
389
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.
Virginia.

Years.
Richmond.
Petersburg.
Tappahannock.
Yorktown.
Total.

No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855...
Co
3
898. 41
1850.
24H
154.37
4
337
12
1
33.83 39
4, 603. 10
2
67.06
29
3, 147. 11
1857.
4
1, 002. 54
1
117.31
32
3, 932. 21
1858...
4
913.36
1
65.35
1
31.00
25
2, 605. 35
1859
6
917.38
32
1860.
2
494. 47
1
42.85
26
3,087. 15
4,372.40
1861....
1
657.63
27
3, 297. 27
1862..
1863...
1864.
2
1865
7
1866...
10
97.09
1, 104. 66
659. 14
1867.
2
1868....
3
82.47
21
56.83
725. 48
1869.
1
6.10
5
117. 71
19
555. 20
1870...
1
107. 15
1
8.22
4
66. 12
42
1, 121. 38
1871....
1
57.38
6
99. 17
37
911.86
1872....
1
74.95
1
13.07
1
5.00
6
109. 04
78
2, 922. 85
1873....
1
30.50
4
32.37
78
2, 456. 27
1874...
1
56.16
4
34. 23
7
125. 77
44
1, 135.48
1875...
3
70.41
3
24.48
45
1, 473. 21
1876.
2
339. 47
1
9.32
6
120.41
34
1, 200. 20
1877.
1
7.25
2
27.11
9
134. 23
50
1, 613. 85
1878...
3
40. 14
5
59.41
35
1, 805. 28
1879....
3
154. 50
4
44. 51
2
15.58
33
576. 05
North Carolina.



Years.
Camden.
Edenton.
Plymouth.
Albemarle.
Washington.

No. Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855...
1856...
11
713. 42
7
712. 54
1857..
6
378.54
1858...
7
471. 69
1859....
8
467.71
21142
69.46
90.75
106.35
259. 01
1521
2
66. 44
339.04
250. 26
79.33
4
602.09
6
616. 10
5
173.35
3
205, 69
149.66
2
107.26
1860...
8
296. 59
1
62.01
1
144. 67
1861...
7
373.43
1
96.57
27
42.30
1
25. 28
1862.
1863....
1864...
1865.
1866...
1867..
1868.
1869...
1870...
1871..
1872...
1873..
1874
1875.
1876...
-
1877...
1878.
-
1879...
Alexandria, Va., 1 vessel (5.05 tons) in 1879.
2
68.81
4
109. 04
6
116. 40
6
154. 85
4
97.23
2
18. 29
40.09
4
41.09
1
19.49
4
76.77
Teocomico, Va., 2 vessels (131.12 tons) in 1855, and 2 (107.22 tons) in 1856.
Ocracoke, N. O., 1 vessel (27.43 tons) in 1855, and 1 (24.7 tons) in 1869.
390
SHIP-BUILDING.
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.
Years.
1855....
4
399. 67
2
377.70
1856.
2
158. 15
5
279. 28
1857...
1
260.92
4
117.87
1858.
5
231.06
1839.
2
180.73
1
20.40
1860...
2
115.63
1861...
1
20.09
1
112. 67
North Carolina.
Newbern.
Beaufort.
Pamlico.
Wilmington.
Total.

No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
4222 23
338.36
29
2, 594.72
90.64
28
2, 278. 60
86.20
21
1, 373. 74
104. 40
22
1, 351. 28
92.48
18
1, 043. 14
203. 18
17
864.48
10
515. 42
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1
112. 67
1
112. 67
1866..
1
56.56
1
56. 56
1867..
1868
15
280.82
6
94.91
1
92.29
21
375.87
1869.
7
129.82
1
107.53
22
511. 54
1870...
2
47.79
3
59.96
3
255.68
10
408, 24
1871.
4
81.97
1
6.99
2
137.82
11
335.82
1872..
5
79.52
4
52.54
3
137.94
18
386.40
1873...
7
122.75
9
127.91
2
64. 13
24
469.64
1874..
6
186. 05
6
187.36
316. 56
24
787.20
1875.
8
119. 71
8
252.45
2
56. 12
20
446. 57
1876..
12
212.42
8
121.80
2
36.25
27
410.56
1877
7
23.80
12
1878...
1
15.39
15
1879...
1
11.80
243
236.88
4
170.68
27
542.45
322.52
17
357.40
28.94
2
56. 44
10
173. 95
Years.
South Carolina.
Georgetown.
Charleston.
Georgia.
Brunswick.
Savannah.
Saint Mary's.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855..
1856.
1857.
1858..
1859..
1463N
61.27
265. 05
266. 87
193.83
2
64. 64
2624A
1
194.61
1, 426. 77
197.70
614. 62
202.85
•
-
1860...
2
72.92
4
667.62
1861..
1
57.37
1862
1863..
1864..
1865.
1866..
1367..
1868...
1869
21
1870....
1
31.30
1871 .
12
1872..
1
73.30
1873.
6
858.85
1874
1
10. 62
1875.
2
1,293. 58
1876.
1
11. 79
1877..
1878..
1879.
11
2
85.66
**22*22**
4
227.89
2
1, 106. 28
3
76.82
12
174.91
2
476. 06
315.40
3
42.91
w w
3
66.40
3
76.63
308. 56
6
321. 79
14
187. 71
1
72.11
D
3
202.30
755.70
844
3
44.29
87.93
9
130. 44
1
213.67
2
17.97
611. 78
2
21.87
3
8
116. 94
1
16. 18
3
683 a
2
52.06
15.42
1
5.77
76.30
1
8. 21
22.05
40.35
1
178.85
Beaufort, S. C., 1 vessel (5.27 tons) in 1868, 2 (15.48 tous) in 1876, 1 (7.40 tons) in 1877, and 3 (66.81
tons) in 1879.
1
}
SIIIP-BUILDING.
391
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.
Florida.
Years.
Fernandina.
Saint John's.
Saint Augustine.
Key West.
Saint Mark's.

No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnige.
No. Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855...
1856..
1857
212
1858...
1
1859
1
198.62
1
193.80
6.02
1, 090. 81
148. 59
107.44
1800..
1
41. 74
1
169.05
1801...
1852...
15
1,054. 16
1863...
1864
1805...
9
411.75
18C6...
1867..
1868....
2
14.42
6
410.08
1
6.98
3
59. 31
1
31. 02
1869
1
7.5
4
45.79
1
7.63
1870
1
22.40
2
59.37
1
5.89
4
66. 79
1871..
1
60.04
1
5.99
5
102.39
1872..
1873..
4
73.19
2
91.93
5
60.05
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877
5
--
134.65
1
12.00
6
80.41
5
757.81
5
205. 73
136.01
1
1878
1879.
3
441.49
1
32.12
427.70
2
16.75
629TH
4
139.07
80.93
12.71
192.11
80.00
1
48.88
T21
1
17.37
8.08
Florida.
Alabama.
Mississippi.
Louisiana.
Years.
Pensacola.
Apalachicola.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
Mobile.
Pearl River.
New Orleans.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.
1
80.52
11
728.81
1856.
1
41.03
12
1857
3
242 31
3
2, 642. 87
221.44
1858.
1
243. 15
3
157. 19
11
1, 386. 84
6FOT
369, 58
13
872.08
7
238.40
17
1, 630. 86
136. 04
9
647.61
7
245.85
13
1, 161. 52
1859.
2
68.80
7
1, 301. 27
14
1860...
1
44.33
8
1, 189. 37
7
326.67
5
795.54
837.94
1861...
1
45.58
1
111. 63
5
651. 86
7
1, 086. 06
1862..
1863
1804.
1865
1866..
15
1, 267. 62
16
939.50
1867..
3
1868...
3
129.71
63.96
14
970.27
6
1869.
4
210.09
10
5
147.02
532. 27
31
631. 20
36
651.93
10
133. 17
25
1, 515. 67
1870.
1
15.34
11
548. 57
36
1, 577.95
1871.
4
201. 32
9
276. 41
21
585.46
1872
2
72.84
4
121.71
5
1873
2
345, 30
4
128. 28
6
1874.
6
270.37
1875...
3
189.86
10
370.49
1876...
1
15. 54
5
84.88
1877...
12.58
157.66
1878...
108.85
1879....
3
299. 72
117.28
533793
208.92
262.34
376. 01
16
551. 12
15
91.56
14
443.05
307.60
24
928.73
32.65
22.17
601.43
7
291. 91
18
266. 77
6
55.63
18
559.40
23
823.82
10
114. 09
546.87
17
472.46
8
564.44
112.34
18
614. 61
10
362.43
SHIP-BUILDING.
392
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.

Louisiana.
Years.
Teché.
1855....
1856.....
1857...
1858.
1859.
1860...
1861.
1862.
1863..
1864.
1865.
1866. - -
1867..
[]
Texas.
Galveston.
Saluria.
Corpus Christi.
Total.
No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
4
323.84
C:
3
99.40
7
423.24
2223 D
184.62
272.73
326.56
1
120.62
6
203. 25
7
323.87
331.03
6
738. 51
8
336.49
14
1,075.00
7
662.54
7
612.87
9
393.90
16
1,006. 77
1868...
18
518.80
1
18.95
19
536.95
1869.
1
10.25
19
457.08
3
59.91
3
20.83
25
537.82
1870.
4
204.38
21
367.00
4
60.63
3
28.40
28
456. 03
1871.
3
-
93.74
9
385.67
8
125.37
6
71.97
23
583.01
1872..
5
234.61
20
1,219. 09
1
5
79.98
5
95.34
30
1, 394. 41
1873...
9
362.50
11
1874..
11
479.66
1875..
9
207.06
1876.
5
224.46
1877.
12
363.62
12
1878....
8
281.99
1879.
4
64. 19
LOELBEE
221.94
4
28.17
1
8.96
16
12
185. 19
3
26.77
58.95
19
259.07
270. 91
16
513 99
1
6.49
28.00
19
548,48
7
135.97
2
57.07
2
38.32
11
231.36
256, 32
1
5.25
13
261.57
239. 16
9
239.16
7
175.80
3
24. 44
2
14.49
13
280.56
California.
Oregon.
Washington Ter-
ritory.
Years.
San Francisco.
Oregon.
Willamette.
Southern Oregon.
Puget Sound.
No.
Tonnage. No.
1
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
1855..
29
2, 117. 91
1856...
7
862.09
1857..
11
950. 01
1858...
17
2, 109. 47
1
14.68
1859.
24
2,055.91
1860
29
1, 895. 34
1861...
48
4, 626. 74
1862...
26
2, 354. 59
1863.
32
2, 670. 67
1864..
41
4, 099. 20
12
753.30
1865..
28
2, 651.53
4
1,000. 29
9
164. 04
1866...
34
5,495. 59
7
628. 29
1867...
40
4,323.77
1868..
41
4,705. 53
3
126. 59
4
466. 25
1869.
72
9, 920. 18
17
1, 782. 48
19
1, 952. 10
1870..
78
10, 315. 96
17
988. 39
14
1,359 81
1871...
17
2, 449. 91
21
2,704.71
6
109 08
1872....
11
853. 16
5
229.58
5
729. 67
1
135.70
5
463. 79
1873...
28
2, 987.45
3
135.80
7
1, 512. 20
11
799.84
1874.
32
6, 389. 92
6
151.99
4
1, 077. 44
13
3,223.74
1875.
43
5, 746. 41
2
47.20
7
1, 370. 42
2
141.93
12
3, 183. 68
1876.
63
8, 556. 79
3
153.05
9
3, 700. 14
4
1, 276. 97
16
2, 309. 06
1877..
45
4, 784.99
14
380.02
15
4, 475. 16
1
85.56
13
1878....
33
5,824. 22
7
353.41
14
4, 461.38
1879...
30
3, 860. 12
3
269.66
11
5, 517. 26
24
50.46
6
568. 84
14
992.80
636 82
965. 99
Cape Perpetua, Oreg., 1 vessel (235.24 tons) in 1857.
Monterey, Cal, 1 vessel (88.92 tons) in 1860.
Sacramento, Cal., 1 vessel (127.84 tons) in 1860.
Sonoma, Cal., 1 vessel (169.62 tons) in 1862.
11
SHIP-BUILDING.
393
}
|
}
1
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.

Alaska.
Northern Frontier.
Years.
Sitka.
Superior.
Chicago.
Milwaukee:
Michigan (Grand
Haven).

No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnago. No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855...
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860
1861....
1862...
1863.
1864.
1865...
1866..
1867.
1868.
1869.
1
152.04
1870
2
56.31
1871..
1872..
1873
3
39.23
1874..
223
12
1,742. 15
9
1,451. 63
21
4, 404. 47
14
2,442.93
9
2,722.78
10
2, 805. 11
7
586.42
5
951.32
3
230. 01
2
96.57
4
1, 507.20
3
1, 269. 03
5
1, 411.83
85
9, 783. 18
4
1, 148.06
96
11, 468. 01
10
2. 346. 34
34
3, 521.07
1
22.00
12
942. 39
12
1, 395. 31
35
1,896. 22
13
2, 8.0.95
1875.
1876.
-
1877.
1878.
1
1879...
3
6.43
25.58
~~12 CO 0 M MID
35.84
19
3, 443. 70
တတိ
28
5, 586. 06
18
1, 272.94
9
56.25
15
1, 676. 67
17
1, 89.99
10
1, 373. 44
522.42
1,060. 31
17 94
12
1, 771. 49
13
1, 419. 37
16
1, 161. 97
98.82
8
1, 119. 71
19
3, 235. 11
13
1, 592. 61
6
145. 64
21
5, 499. 01
37
8,493.43
18
1,081.62
8
524.98
4
390.37
33
11, 998. 63
21
2,691. 21
3
208.77
12
500.89
25
3, 578. 16
22
1,037. 67
3
120.43
11
775.93
10
733. 50
8
200.55
1
23.36
6
377. 10
12
995. 16
16
513. 20
5
54.32
13
512. 13
3
253.05
15
774.95
7
708.67
5
180.46
5
231.30
18
903.20
Northern Frontier.
Years.
Michilimackinac,
Mich.
Huron, Mich.
Detroit, Mich.
Miama (Toledo)
Ohio.
Sandusky, Ohio.
No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
No.
Tonnage.
Tonnage.
1855..
2
86.31
25
7,757.62
3
358.05
12
2, 984. 29
1856.
10
902.76
33
7, 626. 20
9
1, 834. 33
15
3, 994. 21
1857..
8
676.71
29
6, 764. 55
11
2, 422.77
14
2, 792.23
1858.
10
1, 175. 15
28
4, 458. 27
17
3, 348. 36
1859.
6
467.66
15
2, 364. 72
3
209.25
5
1860.
2
482.40
21
2, 421.26
2
79.85
4
374.63
220.63
1861....
5
295. 67
18
2, 394. 12
1
100.00
6
905. 06
1862..
7
582.90
23
6, 329. 58
2
437.00
6
1, 606. 51
1863..
6
952.34
26
6, 302. 85
2
357.24
11
3, 280. 71
1864.
1, 446. 46
34
6,669. 63
1
81.00
12
1, 814. 52
1865....
2
45.90
29
4, 494. 28
31
2, 104. 00
9
2,017. 59
1866....
1
46. 32
48
6, 863. 66
3
587.57
9
1, 006. 62
1867....
63
13, 719. 15
33
2,762.92
1868...
26
3, 181. 68
15
4, 474. 08
6
599.80
9
1869..
15
3, 706. 71
16
5, 175. 62
6
325.30
3
335.31
568.55
1870.
1871..
1872...
1873...
1874..
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878..
1879....
21
4, 639. 86
21
6, 239. 72
24
1, 298. 44
23
2, 834. 91
26
5, 801.98
24
5, 897.32
14
1, 601. 87
25
7, 702. 77
8
3, 677.59
18
1,874. 44
5
608.71
919. 79
30
12, 840. 84
39
14, 733. 58
13
2, 880.35
7
1, 162. 85
35
14, 961. 75
31
10, 841. 64
2
614. 16
6
1, 807.84
13
•
3, 532.63
15
11
•
1, 634. 85
15
212
5,327.05
3
1,595. 32
3
2, 367.43
1, 180. 94
1
64.01
3
19
976. 78
1
11. 39
4
11
523.83
6
·
►
1, 911. 04
8
1, 115. 69
11
2, 491. 43
Lệ -
5
1
115.77
1,993. 37
137.25
36. 07
Duluth, Minn., 1 vessel (43.01 tons) in 1878.
394
SHIP-BUILDING.
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.
Northern Frontier.
Years.
Cuyahoga, Ohio.
Erie, Pa.
Dunkirk, N. Y.
Buffalo Creek,
N. Y.
Niagara, N. Y.

No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855...
27
8, 512.52
1
1856...
44
15, 238. 88
4
170.07
919.69
74
11, 237. 39
38
15, 486. 57
1
85.76
1857....
25
7, 782. 71
5
1, 8:2.71
1
372.39
49
19, 573. 89
1858...
29
10, 526. 37
1
62.90
39
7, 215. 77
1859..
8
1, 247. 15
9
674.88
1860.
4
690.20
23
3,786. 26
1
116. 02
1861..
16
3, 847.81
63
8, 292. 17
1862..
28
10, 820. 14
2
448.60
1863
26
9, 889. 61
1
9. 13
32
1,872. 36
64
11, 124. 56
1
67.67
938. 22
52
7,446. 03
1
150. 50
1864.
27
7, 351.48
51
4,757, 52
1
150.00
1865..
13
3,840. 65
1
144.00
82
8, 350.93
3
301.00
1866.
19
4, 624. 34
70
2,548. 40
25
3, 019. 82
12
1, 006. 12
1867..
30
6, 633. 35
37
1, 285. 87
1
114. 51
93
10, 246. 69
1868...
33
7, 223. 05
4
1, 084. 21
21
4, 532. 45
1869...
20
5,750.99
2
266. 37
29
3, 688. 84
1870...
6
551.85
14
716. 77
1
116. 09
44
4, 401. 18
6
753. 85
1871.
9
5, 127.95
7
193.77
1
120.39
41
7, 926. 82
6
670. 04
1872...
7
3, 826. 59
5
3, 760.50
53
8, 064. 13
1
100.52
1873..
17
8.727.90
4
1, 919. 91
1
15. 13
75
1874.
18
11, 187. 59
3
231.46
37
1875...
12
2, 933. 17
11
1876.
11
2, 436. 43
1
21.16
19
1877.
1878.
1879...
+84
88.38
1,933. 56
5, 269. 77
16
CREATOR
13, 580. 63
7
852. 18
4, 112. 03
1
298.40
2, 675. 29
2, 718. 39
1
41.00
7
1, 768. 80
3. 848. 37
9
1, 986. 07
Years.
Genesee, N. Y.
Oswego, N. Y.
Northern Frontier.
Cape Vincent, Oswegatchie, N. Y. Champlain, N. Y.
N. Y.



No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
1855....
90
9, 144. 52
1856...
62
8, 389. 49
3D LO
5
749.63
1,537.22
2
357.51
1857...
19
4, 023. 59
1858
10
1,990. 79
1859.
3
255. 06
1860...
32
3, 987. 22
1861.
50
4, 717.93
1
1862
142
18, 705. 74
1
60.87
68.93
1863.
2
670.65
250
25, 409. 25
3
1, 180.79
2
305. 69
1864.
1
20.00
84
12, 024. 05
3
1, 023. 15
1865.
120
11, 492. 41
•
1866...
1
322.90
106
1867....
4
10, 191. 59
838.48
23
2
589.18
890.07
1868..
1
30.93
4
376.37
1869..
2
403.47
4
1, 082. 07
9
1, 664. 46
3
1870..
16
1, 973. 53
51
6, 247.57
1
37.62
1
441.42
25.70
4
1871...
18
2, 473.69
40
4,830. 40
2
587.74
37
1872.
13
1, C±1. 33
39
4,827.84
1
16.25
1873.
39
5, 223.47
75
9,817.55
5
620.99
1874..
1
32.75
8
2, 481. 01
4
1875.
4
410. 61
6
1876.
4
3, 154, 81
3
1, 129. 25
419. 70
295. 50
1877...
5
323.46
1
10. 34
1878...
1
5. 09
1
6, 68
2
120. 13
1879.
1
135. 16
7
673. 46
6
98.81
157 NATHA
9.40
428,96
3533
44
34
821. 81
2,737.58
2, 432. 61
2, 144. 22
3, 987. 40
7
846.39
2
141.82
}
330.05
1
181. 24
15
1, 607. 77
1
9. 36
12
1, 171. 04
1
6.93
11
1, 215. 21
Sacket's Harbor, N. Y., 3 vessels (876.38 tons) in 1855; 3 vessels (564.35 tons) in 1850; 1 vessel
(74.84 tons) in 1857, and 4 vessels (75.30 tons) in 1875.
SHIP-BUILDING.
395
1
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.—Continued.

Northern Front'r.
Western Rivers.¹
Fears. Burlington, Vt.
Minnesota (Pem- Vicksburg, Miss. Memphis, Tenn.
bina).
Cairo, IL

No. Tonnage.
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855.
1850...
3
501.82
1857.
1
65. 53
1858.
1
231.07
231
3
228.35
1, 332. 05
180. 25
1859...
3
119.33
1860....
2
110.85
1861..
1
49. 18
1862
1863..
2
146. 84
5
1
52.40
3
206. 43
1
135.00
433. 56
1864.
1865.
1866..
70
2, 548. 40
1867...
1
63.85
1868..
2
138.30
1869..
1
382.00
4
1, 519. 27
1
1870.
3
-
72.71
135. 94
1871
2
1, 193. 32
6
1, 201. 03
1872
5
647.41
1873..
9
795.41
212.37
4
599.65
1874.
1
17. 51
1
64.08
5
85.58
1875.
5
701.94
1
123.61
2
76.85
1
225.00
1876.
11
625. 63
2
124 00
1877..
8
773. 61
1
9.43
1878..
1
104. 19
6
449.83
2
125. 49
9
943. 94
1879.
54
1, 028. 25
1
49.33
7
303.90
1
20.69
Western Rivers.
Years.
Paducah, Ky.
Nashville, Tenn. Evansville, Ind. New Albany, Ind. Louisville, Ky.
No.
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855..
3
427.45
1856..
1
78.58
2
568.47
25
737.70
27
9, 401. 17
1, 732. 64
18
5, 042. 22
1857
1
95. 17
28
8, 162.46
1858.
1
468. 63
5
951. 32
28
8, 302.74
1859.
1
113.93
19
3, 702.47
1860..
- •
29
8, 631.78
1861.
►
33
9, 717. 29
1862.
3
1,042.32
1863...
4
287.51
1864..
15
5, 530. 05
1865...
30
6, 924.76
1866.
1867..
1868..
4
613. 15
21
7, 582.63
1869...
3
315.93
10
3,267.54
1870
1
101.82
5
891.81
28
12, 138. 90
1871..
12
1,246. 86
38
12, 760.47
1872.
8
720.90
27
8, 61.66
1873...
4
592.59
4
341.01
9
606. 75
24
6, 508.07
1874...
1875.
1876..
1877...
1878..
1879
-
4
143. 89
3
103.86
6
248. 15
17
4,380. 01
6
662.68
8
502. 21
20
2, 436. 70
6
477,34
11
1, 151, 00
19
3,947.92
172
31.20
15
692.82
25
6,529.08
270.23
12
757. 11
48
15, 362. 95
243.95
28
1, 381. 09
41
17, 060. 03
¹ New Orleans is included in a preceding part of these tables.
396
SHIP-BUILDING.
2. Number and Tonnage of Ships and other Vessels, &c.-Continued.

Western Rivers.
Years.
Cincinnati, Ohio. Wheeling, W. Va. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Saint Louis, Mo.
Omaha, Nehr.

No.
Tonnage. No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
1855....
1856...
1857.
1858...
20
2222
22
5, 896. 09
29
8, 569. 16
25
447.76
53
10, 415. 86
25
5, 084. 04
813.76
95
16, 713. 84
7
2, 037. 84
34
9, 587.23
14
1, 937. 64
147
17, 647. 90
10
2, 400. 08
5, 646. 54
10
1, 208. 12
92
11, 181. 01
9
5, 603. 83
1859.
36
6, 698.72
14
1, 510. 77
37
4, 588. 76
2
154. 12
1860
30
5, 201. 49
14
2,588. 62
64
9, 673. 45
13
4, 084. 51
1861.
31
4,327. 86
15
2, 071.02
64
10, 504. 18
11
3, 289. 27
1862.
4
436.84
13
1, 307.52
74
5, 306. 11
4
692.26
1863.
40
6, 561. 15
58
3, 896. 28
120
14, 481. 77
7
2, 119. 30
1861..
55
12, 691.90
45
4, 477.25
249
26, 153. 84
16
6, 093. 66
1865
86
22, 387.74
27
5, 129. 67
175
24, 312. 80
21
7,686. 28
1866
75
18, 134. 08
15
2,067. 13
234
25, 804.34
79
21, 660.54
1867..
55
6, 906.21
12
1, 626. 15
119
19, 427.05
35
8, 110. 45
1868..
12
1, 297. 19
8
2, 212.52
21
4,789.82
9
3, 897.35
1869
6
3, 460.90
15
2, 229. 87
18
5,728. 88
6
1, 312. 34
1870.
37
13, 711.00
20
3, 645. 05
75
20, 738. 69
15
1871..
68
12, 495. 03
40
4,874.97
73
20, 826. 54
23
2,970. 51
7,366.46
1872
52
9, 926. 26
36
2, 405. 17
30
9, 384. 10
13
3, 301.55
1873.
52
15, 939. 85
42
4, 028. 85
46
9, 610.43
24
7,756. 67
1874..
19
344. 33
17
1, 084. 17
23
4,810. 15
15
4, 236. 60
1875
16
4, 007. 76
11
2,067.08
5
1, 603. 61
6
559. 05
1876.
9
2, 650. 48
17
1, 670.98
3
829. 24
13
6, 656. 64
3
64.63
1877..
12
5, 153. 42
45
3, 561. 39
71
8, 448. 45
32
8, 180. 49
1
1878.
133
20, 089. 58
104
7, 175. 91
101
18, 475. 91
1879.
48
11, 870. 51
61
6. 266. 13
96
17, 461.96
2835
4, 100. 03
2
94. 65
50.08
3, 455. 84
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861 ..
1862
1863
Western Rivers.

Years.
Quincy, Ill.
Dubuque, Iowa.
Galena, Ill.
La Crosse, Wis. Saint Paul, Minn.
}

No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
No. Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage.
3
160.80
1
82.28
1
153. 25
11
570. 56
1
1
62.00
12
64.60
655. 57
1864
1865
1866
1867
4
262. 64
1868
5
619. 55
9
1869
198. 75
3
1870
4
285.90
21
396. 33
964.44
1
649.62
2
1871
4
232.49
4
171.22
1872
1
101.48
445
265. 60
637.94
3
526.85
194. 83
1, 098. 44
4
403.61
3
223.48
5
480.82
1873
1
449.47
5
497.84
1874
3
154.27
1875
1
23.06
1
58.06
21
101.38
7.80
1
75.30
1870
3
292, 22
1877..
1
18.00
2
85,05
1878...
1
240.77
1879
8
771. 20
112
63.76
312.75
3
133.57
59. 10
SHIP-BUILDING-IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
397
3. Number and Tonnage of Vessels built in the several Provinces of Canada since 1867.

Ontario.
Quebec.
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia.
Years ending June
30-
Number.
Number.
Tons.
Tons.
Number.
Tons.
Number.
Tons.
1868...
1869...
1870...
1871.
1872.
1873..
-
1874.
77
1875
42
1876...
41
1877...
38
1878..
30
88468SERE &
63
6, 647
50
5, 946
92
45
4, 525
55
7,777
80
8868
69
25, 126
84
24, 419
139
31, 038
31, 842
88
31, 972
105
26, 679
55
19, 383
88
35, 599
141
33, 659
20, 664
108
33, 353
146
44, 307
55
10, 289
74
14, 200
93
36, 464
188
52, 882
62
13, 945
72
20, 536
104
42, 701
176
63, 001
15, 478
63
22, 189
96
46, 663
181
74, 769
5, 898
80
23, 383
+3
47, 966
193
84, 810
7, 367
141
27, 943
71
38, 794
232
69,087
4, 181
103
23, 896
64
33, 115
234
50, 530
2,409
46
10, 870
56
27, 368
166
49, 784
British Columbia.
Years ending June
30-
Prince Edward's
Island.
Manitoba.
Total.
Number. Tons.
Number. Tons.
Number.
Tons.
Number.
Tons.
1868...
1869.
1870...
1871..
1872..
1873.
1874...
1875.
1876..
1877.
1878...
422
•322
355
87,230
-
335
96, 439
-
329
93, 166
389
106, 101
230
187
414
114, 065
416
140, 370
281
67
15, 024
486
174, 404
91
26, 041
489
188, 098
656
90
21, 194
578
165, 041
202
67
15, 373
508
127, 297
45
38
10, 382
1
15
339
100, 873
IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
The changes that have occurred from time to time in the rates of duties charged
upon imported articles have more or less influenced the amount, and have occasioned
changes in the headings of the official tables that render it impossible to follow any
particular class of subjects through a long period of time. It may be remarked that
while we have hitherto wholly depended upon tropical countries for dye-woods, and
upon these and other countries more favored by circumstances for cork and many of
the finer cabinet woods, there has always been an interchange of lumber and other
forest products, and of manufactures of wood, in our commerce with foreign countries,
especially along the Canada frontier.
In presenting these statistics it has not been possible to ascertain the original source
or ultimate destination of many articles. We have imported dye-woods, the growth
of hot climates, from Great Britain, and we have exported large quantities of timber
to adjacent British Provinces that was shipped from thence directly to Europe. In like
manner large quantities of lumber have sought a foreign market from these Provinces
over our canals and railroads. In examining the statistics of importation of forest
products, we will first present a synopsis of the changes that have occurred in our
import duties, and next present such statistics of importation as appear of most im
portance, more especially endeavoring to exhibit as fully as possible the operation of
our recent and present tariff laws.
I.—Custom Duties charged upon Foreign Forest Products, and Manufactures of Wood, im-
ported into the United States, since 1789.
NOTE.-In cases where the same rates were continued by successive acts, only the first of these dates are
given. The last date under each article mentioned is understood to be that of the rates now collected.
Articles.
Bamboos, unmanufactured ¹
Baskets, grass, straw, osier, or willow
Do...
Do..
Do..
Baskets, grass, osier, palm-leaf, straw, whalebone, or willow..
Do..
Date of acts.
Mar. 2, 1861
July 14, 1870
July 13, 1832
Sept. 11, 1841
Aug. 30, 1842
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
|
Custom duties.
10 per cent.
Free.
15 per cent.
20 per cent.
25 per cent.
30 per cent.
24 per cent.
¹ Described in act of June 8, 1872, as "Bamboo reeds no further manufactured than cut into suitable
lengths, walking-sticks or canes, or for sticks for umbrellas, parasols, or sun-shades."
398
DUTIES ON IMPORTED FOREST PRODUCTS.
I.-Custom Duties charged upon Foreign Forest Products, &c.—Continued.

Articles.
Date of acts.
Custom duties.
Baskets, grass, osior, palm-leaf-straw; whalebone or willow.
Mar. 2, 1861
30 per cent.
Do..
July 14, 1862
35 per cent.
Cabinet wares and household furniture¹
Do...
Apr. 27, 1816
July 4, 1836
|
30 per cent.
|
28 per cent.
Do
Sept. 11, 1841
26 per cent.
Do
Juno 30, 1842
|
23 per cent.
Do..
Aug. 30, 1842
30 per cent.
Do.
Mar. 30, 1847
24 per cent.
Do.
Mar. 2, 1861
30 per cent.
Do..
July 14, 1862
35 per cent.
Cabinet wares in pieces. rough, and not finished
June 8, 1872
30 per cent.
Cabinet wares finished
June 8, 1872
35 per cent.
Casks and barrels, empty 1
Charcoal.
Cork bark, unmanufactured
Cork, manufactures of...
Do...
Corks
Do
Dye-woods?
Dye-woods, Brazil, Nicaragua, and other, in sticks.
Do...
Dye-woods, decoctions from, and other dyes.
}
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
Mar. 3, 1797
Aug. 30, 1842
June 8, 1872
May 22, 1824
June 8, 1872
July 4, 1789
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
Do.
25 per cent.
30 per cent.
12 cents per pound.
30 per cent.
Free.
5 per cent.
Free.
Do.
30 per cent.
Free.
Do.
Fire-wood.
Do
Do..
Do
Do.
Gun-blocks
Handle-bolts
Heading-blocks
Hubs for wheels
Last-blocks
Laths3
July 14, 1862
June 30, 1842
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857 |
Mar. 2, 1861 |
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
10 per cent.
20 per cent.
30 per cent.
24 per cent.
20 per cent.
Free.
20 per cent.
Do.
June 8, 1872
Do.
June 8, 1872
Do.
June 8, 1872
Do.
Lumber:3
Sawed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber of hemlock,
whitewood, sycamore, and basswood 4.
All other varieties of sawed lumber4
Pickets and palings.
Pine clapboards.
Spruce clapboards. (See Timber)
Nuts.
Do.
Do.
Do..
Nuts, almonds
Do...
Do
Do.
Do...
Do.
Do
Oar-blocks 3.
Packing-boxes of wood
Poplar, and other woods for paper
Posts 3
- •
J
Railroad-ties.
Rattan and reeds, unmanufactured..
Seeds, forest-tree
Shingles.
Ship-planking
Staves, for pipes, hogsheads, and other casks
Do
Staves, other
Sugar-box shooks
Tanning materials:
Hemlock and oak bark.
Sumac
Stave-bolts
Do.
Do.
Do...
1 See "Wood, manufactured," for earlier rates.
June 8, 1872 15 cents per M pieces.
June 8, 1872 | $1 per M feet.
June 8, 1872 |
June 8, 1872 |
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
Aug. 5, 1861
Mar. 3, 1797
July 1, 1812
Apr. 17, 1816
July 13, 1832
Sept. 11, 1841
Aug. 30, 1842
July 30, 1846
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
July 14, 1870
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
Feb. 8, 1875
Sept. 11, 1841
July 14, 1862
Mar. 2, 1861
July 30, 1846
June 8, 1872
July 14, 1870
June 30, 1842
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
|
$2 per M feet.
20 per cent.
$2 per M feet.
$1.50 per M feet.
30 per cent.
24 per cent.
1 cent per pound.
2 cents per pound.
Do.
4 cents per pound.
3 cents per pound.
Free.
20 per cent.
3 cents per pound.
(See Nuts.)
20 per cent.
30 per cent.
Free.
20 per cent.
Free.
Do.
Do.
per M.
35 cents
Free.
Do.
10 per cent.
20 per cent.
Free.
30 per cent.
Free.
Do.
5 per cent.
4 per cent.
Free.
2 Specified in 1789 as "Dye-woods, Nicaragua and other," and by an act of April 27, 1816, as "Red,
cam, and logwood,' Braziletto," "Camwood," "Fustic," and "Logwood."
39 66
3 See Wood, unmanufactured," for earlier rates.
4 Provided, That when lumber of any sort is planed or finished, in addition to the rates herein pro-
vided, there shall be levied and paid, for each side so planed or finished, 50 cents per M feet; and if
planed one side and tongued or grooved, $1 per M. If planed on two sides and tongued or grooved,
$1.50 cents per M feet.
{
DUTIES ON IMPORTED FOREST PRODUCTS.
399
I.-Customs Duties charged upon Foreign Forest Products, &c.-Continued.
Articles.
Tanning materials-Continued.
Sumac
Do..
Tar and pitch.
Do..
Do..
Timberl
Do..
Do..
Timber, round and unmanufactured, and ship timber.
Timber, squared or sided, not otherwise provided for
Timber, blocks or sticks, rough hewn or sawed only
Trees, plants, shrubs, &c., and garden seeds...
Trees, fruit, shade, lawn, and ornamental..
Do...
Umbrella sticks, &c. 2.
Wagon blocks
Willow. (See Baskets)
Wood, unmanufactured.
Do.
•
Date of acts.
Customs duties.
July 14, 1852
June 30, 18—
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
June 30, 1842
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
July 14, 1870
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
Apr. 27, 1816
July 30, 1846
July 14, 1862
|
10 per cent.
|
20 per cent.
15 per cent.
20 per cent.
20 per cent.
|
15 per cent.
20 per cent.
Free.
1 cent per cubic foot.
20 per cent.
Frée.
Do.
|
30
30 per cent.
June 8, 1872
20 per cent.
June 8, 1872
June 8, 1872
Free.
|
20 per cent.
Free.
Do..
Do.
Wood, manufactures of ..
Do...
Do.
Do
Do...
Do...
Do.
Do
Do
Do.
Wood, cabinet 3
Wood, in logs and round, unmanufactured, and ship timber.
Wood, manufactures of, or of which wood is the chief compo-
nent part
Do.
Do.
Do..
Wood, cabinet, manufacture of
Do..
Do...
May 2, 1792
July 30, 1846
30 per cent.
24 per cent.
Mar. 3, 1857 | 24
Mar. 2, 1861
June 5, 1794
June 5, 1794
Mar. 26, 1804
July 1, 1812
July 13, 1832
July 4, 1836
Sept. 11, 1841
June 30, 1842
1842
May 3, 1857
July 14, 1862
Aug. 30, 1842
July 30, 1846
July 14, 1870
20 per cent.
124 per cent.
15 per cent.
30 per cent.
25 per cent.
|
|
24 per cent.
23 per cent.
215 per cent.
30 per cent.
|
35 per
35 per cent.
15
15 per cent.
Free.
Do.
July 30, 1846
30 per cent.
|
24 per cent.
30 per cent.
|
35 per cent.
Mar. 3, 1857
Mar. 2, 1861
July 14, 1862
July 30, 1846
Mar. 3, 1857
July 14, 1862
40 per cent.
30 per cent.
35
per cent.
¹ Specified in 1842 as "Boards, planks, &c., not planed or wrought into shape for use," and as “Tim-
ber for building wharves." In 1846, specified as Boards, planks, staves, laths, scantling, spars, hewn
and sawed timber, and timber used in wharves."
2 Umbrella sticks, crude, to wit: All partridge, hair-wood, pimento, orange, myrtle, and other sticks
and canes in the rough," or no further manufactured than cut into lengths.
3 Specified in 1842 as "Rose, satin, mahogany, cedar, and other woods.' In 1846, as "Cedar, lignum-
vitæ, lance-wood, ebony, box, grenadillo, mahogany, and all cabinet woods unmanufactured.'
11
II.—Synopsis of Tables of Importation of Forest Products and Manufactures of Wood in
recent years.
1. Boards, Plank, and Scantling, imported from 1866-'67 to 1871-72: Values and Du-
ties: Quantities during four of above years.
2. Hemlock, Whitewood, Sycamore, and Basswood Boards, imported from 1872–73 to
1878-79: Quantities, Values, and Duties, according to finish.
3. Other Varieties of Lumber not otherwise specified imported from 1872-73 to
1878-79: Quantities, Values, and Duties, according to finish.
4. Boards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling, imported from 1871-72 to 1878-79:
Quantities and Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
5. Other Lumber (besides Boards, Deals, Plank, Joists, Scantiing, Shingles, and Tim-
ber) imported from 1871-72 to 1878-79: Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
6. Clapboards imported from 1872-73 to 1878-79, showing kind of wood, quantity,
value, and duties.
7 Laths imported from 1866-'67 to 1878-79: Quantities, Value, and Duties.
8. Pickets and Palings imported from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Quantities, Value, and
Duties.
400
CLASSIFICATION OF IMPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
9. Shingles imported from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Quantities, Values, and Duties.
10. Shingles imported from 1871-'72 to 1878-79: Quantities and Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
11. Timber imported from 1866-'67 to 1878-79: Quantities, Value, and Duties.
12. Timber and Lumber specified (Railroad Ties, Shingle Bolts and Shingle Staves,
Ship Timber and Ship Planking) imported from 1869-'70 to 1878-79: Values.
13. Rough Timber and Unmanufactured Woods imported from 1866-'67 to 1878-79:
Value and Duties.
14. Timber Sawed or Hewed, wholly or in part, imported from 1871-72 to 1878-79:
Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
15. Staves for Pipes, Hogsheads, Casks, &c., imported from 1866-'67 to 1878-79:
Value and Duties: Quantities reported for six years.
16. Hoop-Poles imported in 1869-'70 and 1870–71.
17. Shooks imported from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Number, Value, and Duties.
18. Casks and Barrels, empty, not otherwise specified, imported from 1872-73 to
1878-79; Values and Duties.
19. Packing Boxes imported in 1872-73 and 1873-74: Value and Duties.
20. Hubs for Wheels, Posts, Last-Blocks, Wagon-Blocks, Heading-Blocks, Gun-
Blocks, and all like Blocks or Sticks, Rough-Hewed, or sawed only, imported
from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Value and Duties.
21. Woods not specified imported from 1872-73 to 1878-79: Value and Duties.
22. Unmanufactured Wood not otherwise specified imported from 1871-72 to 1878-'79 ;
Values:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
23. Fire-Wood imported from 1866-'67 to 1878-79: Cords, Value, and Duties.
24. Cabinet and Household Furniture, imported from 1854-55 to 1863-'64.
25. Cabinet-Ware, Household Furniture, and all Manufactures of Wood not specified,
imported from 1864-'65 to 1871-72: Value and Duties.
26. Cabinet-Ware and House Furniture, finished and unfinished, imported from
1872-73 to 1878-79: Values and Duties.
27. Cabinet-Ware, House-Furniture, and all Manufactures of Wood not elsewhere
specified, imported from 1871-'72 to 1878-79: Value:
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
28. Cabinet and other Fine Woods imported since 1855-'56.
(a.) Unmanufactured, specified by Kinds and Values: 1855-56 to 1878-'79
Values:
(b.) Comparison of Importation of several of the Fine Woods in maufactured
and unmanufactured state, from 1857-58 to 1860–61.
29. Willow and Willow-Wares imported from 1854–55 to 1878-79.
30. All other Manufactures of Wood not specified, imported from 1855-'56 to 1868-'69 :
Values:
(a.) Manufactured and Unmanufactured, from 1854-'55 to 1860-'61: Values.
(b.) Willow and Willow-Wares (not separately stated), 1861-'62 to 1878–79:
Values and Duties except first three years, when Values only were given.
31. Bamboos, Sticks, Joints, and Reeds imported from 1869-'70 to 1878-79: Values.
32. Foreign Trees, Plants, Shrubs, &c., entered for consumption in the United States
from 1869-70 to 1878-79: Values and Duties.
33. Naval Stores imported from 1862-63 to 1878-79.
(a.) Quantities and Values, 1862-'63 to 1868-'69.
(b.) Quantities, Values, and Duties, 1869-'70 to 1878-'79.
34. Tanning Materials of Forest Product imported in recent years:
[1.] Barks for Tanning imported annually from 1870-'71 to 1878-79.
(a.) Hemlock Bark: Cords and Value.
(b.) Oak Bark, 1876-77.
[2.] Barks for Tanning, not specified, imported from 1871-72 to 1878–79.
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(b.) By Districts.
[3.] Sumac imported in recent years.
(a.) By Foreign Countries in 1866-'67 and 1867-'68.
(b.) Total Quantities and Values from 1874-75 to 1878-79.
35. Dye-Woods imported in sticks, 1869-'70 to 1878-79.
(a.) Quantities and Values, 1869-'70 to 1871-'72.
(b.) Kinds, Quantities, and Values, 1872-73 to 1878-79.
36. Nuts imported from 1869-'70 to 1878-79.
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
401
26 FOR
Years.
Quantity (M
feet).
Value.
Years.
Quantity (M
feet).
1866-'67
1867-'68
1868-'69
Years.
III.-Shipments of Forest Products between New York and San Francisco via the Isthmus
of Darien, from 1869-'70 to 1878-79:
1. From New York to San Francisco.
2. From San Francisco to New York.
IV.-Statement of Lumber, &c., the Produce of the State of Maine, upon the Saint John and
Saint Croix Rivers and their Tributaries, owned by American Citizens, and sawed or hewn
in the Province of New Brunswick, by American Citizens, and admitted free of duty
into the United States annually since 1868, under thn Treaty of Washington, dated No-
vember 10, 1842, and the acts of Congress dated March 16 and June 1, 1866.
1. BOARDS, PLANK, AND SCANTLING IMPORTED FROM 1866-67 to 1871-72.

Value.
Duties.
(20 per cent.)
Years.
Value.
Duties.
(20 per cent.)
$3,334, 258 04
$666, 851 60
1869-'70
2,069, 572 94
413, 914 59
1870-'71
3, 241, 497 84
648, 299 57
1871-'72
$6,670, 156 31
6, 555, 192 03
6,878, 599 88
$1, 334, 031 28
1, 311, 038 41
1, 375, 719 97
Quantities during four of the above years: 1868-'69, 332,692 feet; 1869-'70, 650,826 feet; 1870-'71, 751,063
feet; 1871-72, 681,757 feet.
2. HEMLOCK, WHITEWOOD, SYCAMORE, AND BASSWOOD, IMPORTED FROM 1872–”73 TO
1878-79.
Boards, Plank, Deals, and other
sawed Lumber of Hemlock, White- Boards, &c., planed or finished on
wood, Sycamore, and Basswood.
one side.

Value.
Duty ($1 per
M feet).
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
39, 788. 66 $350, 586 55 |
31, 132. 44 284, 545 71
23, 179. 04 | 207,977 97
$39,788 72
31, 132 44
23, 179 04
1875-'76
20, 163. 37
224, 656 57
20, 163 37
681.52
563. 22
84.55
50
$4, 184 00
3, 241 10
610 00
5 00
$1,022 27
844 83
128 84
75
1876-'77.
1877-'78
15, 140.07
161, 219 09
15, 140 08
15, 692. 52
178, 623 00
1878-79.
19, 606. 83
181, 167 25
15,692 52
19, 606 83
2.75
317.91
20 00
1, 698 00
4 13
476 88
Boards, &c., planed or finished on Boards, &c., planed on one
two sides.
side and tongue-grooved.
Boards, &c., planed on two
sides and
tongue-grooved.
Duty ($2 per
M feet).
Quantity (M
feet).
19 00
3,572 00
529 40
1,888 00
158 45
125 00
16 67
1878-79....
14, 828. 16
132, 921 78
29, 656 31
1872-'73....
1873-'74....
1874-75....
1875-'76...
1876-'77.
1877-78....
47, 238.50
9.50
•264. 70
79.22
8.34
$603, 930 11 | $94, 476 99
78 00
231.51 $2,292 00 $463 02 309. 50 $2, 121 00 $773
2. 81
44 00
76
7 03
.06
3 60
11
63.16
342 00
157 88
Value.
Duty ($2 per
M feet).
Quantity (M
feet).
Value.
Duty ($2.50
per M feet).
Quantity (M
feet).
Value.
Duty ($1.50
per M feet).
402
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
1877-'78
1878-'79.
Years.
Quantity (M
feet).
Years.
Quantity (M
feet).
3. OTHER VARIETIES OF LUMBER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, IMPORTED FROM
1872-73 TO 1878-79.
Boards, Plank, Deals, and other Lumber
sawed from other varieties of wood, Boards, &c., planed or finished on
not otherwise specified.
one side.

Value.
Duty ($2 per
M.
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
562, 912.
514, 846. 55
348, 215. 63
02 | $6,666, 827 00
6, 257, 190 58
4, 118, 330 32
$1,125, 824 04
1,029, 693 13
696, 431 23
126.86
708.47
69.68
$1,893 00
5,723 00
$317 15
1,771 20
1,013 00
174 20
289, 149.95
267, 391. 68
3, 204, 890 00
578, 299 90
386. 10
5,748 00
965 29
2,694, 254 63
534, 783 35
95.88
791 50
239 70
1877-'78
263, 710. 92
2,569, 860 28
527, 421 94
64. 42
855 00
161 08
1878-'79.
275, 549. 56
2,570, 678 98
551, 099 13
307.88
2,810 00
769 71
Value.
M).
Duty ($3 per
Quantity (M
feet.)
Boards, &c., planed or finished Boards, &c., planed on one Boards, &c., planed on two
side and tongue-grooved.
on two sides.
sides and tongue-grooved.
Quantity )M
feet.)
Value.
1872-'73
1873-'74
429.32 $5, 625 00
141.98
1874-'75
583.84
1875-'76
717.42
1,366 00
8,837 00
11, 974 00
$1,287 97
425 94
1,751 54
2, 152 25
32.18
13.80
109.86
31. 13
$475 00 $96
165 00
53
41 40
4.30
$39
00
$15 05
2, 160 00
329 57
2. 58
36.25
533 00
93 39
47.88
19 00
787 00
1,182 00
9 04
126 89
167 59
1876-'77
43. 65
1877-'78
1878-79
138.32
260. 04
748 00
2, 125 60
130 96
414 96
2,773 32
780 12
78.75
43.64
75.45
1,108 00
236 24
553 00
1, 082 00
130 92
39.79
226 34
22.66
470 00
260 00
139 28
79 27
Duty ($3 per
M.)
Quantity (M
feet).
4. IMPORTATION OF BOARDS, DEALS, PLANK, JOISTS AND SCANTLING, FROM 1871-72
TO 1878-79.
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(Quantities and Values.)
Belgium.
Central American
States.
China.
Germany.
Years.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73
40
$1,811
5
$339
1873-'74
4
$160
2
$53
1874-'75
1875-'76..
1876-'77
I
1
Value.
Duty ($3.50
per M.)
Value.
Duty ($2.50
per M.)

IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
403
1
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
Years.
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79
·
•
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Ireland.
Canada.¹
Other ports of Brit-
ish North Amer-
England.
ica.2

M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
714, 397
$7, 127, 225
274
$1,938
773, 208
8, 954, 312
64, 705
3
$17
486, 980
527, 376
6, 495, 080
262, 680
3
262, 117
418
375, 694
4, 423, 192
18, 004
3
143, 815
28
2
$17
326, 271
3, 617. 578
7, 523
9
1,477
51, 334
308, 107
3, 092, 563
15
4, 185
8, 099
50, 986
324, 009
3, 151, 752
2, 635
17,870
349, 297
3, 255, 579
5, 993
36, 358
Great Britain and British Colonies.
Years.
British Columbia. Newfoundland, &c. British Indies.
Total British Colo-
nies.

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
1871-'72
714, 671
$7, 129, 163
1872-'73
100
1873-74
181
$1,747
949
435
$12, 070
320
3$1,188
837, 913
9, 441, 292
141
5, 509
790, 050
6,757, 197
1874-'75
1
9
69
2,745
393, 698
4, 567, 007
1875-76
196
3, 115
333, 794
3, GGS, 912
1876-77
55
1, 055
316, 261
3, 144, 604
1877-'78.
37
516
42
411
327, 283
3, 170, 149
1878-79..
4
43
355, 294 | 3,291, 980
Years.
Total Great Britain
and British Colo-
nies.
Total.
Italy.
Mexico.
Dutch West Indies.
M feet.
Valuc.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
714, 671
$7, 129, 163
1
$18
1872-'73
837, 913
9, 441, 292
4
$496
25
1, 693
1
$68
1873-'74
790, 059
6, 757, 214
8
429
1874-'75
393, 701
4,567, 425
1875-'76
333, 727
3, 668, 940
1
31
1876-'77
316, 270
3, 146, 081
1
12
1877-'78
1878-'79
327, 283
355, 294
3, 170, 149
3,291, 980
Cuba.
United States of
Colombia.
All other countries.
Total.
Years.

M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
2
$13
87
1874-'75
1875-'76..
3
$206
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
14
$717
714, 731 $7, 132, 061
838, 302
9, 458, 641
790, 395
393, 786
333, 996
6, 764, 314
4, 571, 069
3, 672, 105
816, 271
327, 298
3, 146, 093
3, 174, 335
10
62
355, 304
3, 292, 042
1 ¹ From 1872-'73 to 1877-'78, reported as "Quebec, Ontario," &c.
2 From 1872-'73 to 1877-'78, reported as "Nova Scotia, New Brunswick," &c.
3 British East Indies.
4 British West Indies.
404
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
(b.) By Districts.

Maine.
Years.
Passamaquoddy.
Aroostook.
Castine.
Machias.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
9, 797
$93, 889
4
$20
45
$268
306
$1,770
1872-'73.
9, 739
66, 660
4
17
43
217
1873-74 ...
3, 686
31, 181
21
92
94
461
1874-'75
1,968
14, 405
167
2, 065
1875-'76..
1, 074
7,000
12
54
1876-'77
694
4,557
15
90
1877-'78
148
1,027
1
5
220
1,800
1878-'79.
1, 443
5, 927
Maine.
Years.
Bath.
Portland and Fal-
mouth.
Waldoborough.
Total Maine.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-72 ...
941
1872-'73
1873-'74 ..
1874-'75
1875-'76
1870-'77
$7,639
83
$322
11, 176
2
$12
$103, 708
1, 205
16,056
10, 993
1, 014
11, 509
142
401
4, 957
82, 992
43, 644
1, 059
20, 252
3,208
36,722
195
3, 103
1, 281
10, 157
1,982
17, 657
1877-'78...
•
2, 691
62
22, 304
409
1878-'79...
3, 197
2, 145
38, 746
25, 093
3, 628
41, 987
3,588
21, 020
New Hampshire.
Massachusetts.
Years.
Portsmouth.
Newburyport.
Gloucester.
Salem and Beverly.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73 ..
85
$1,750
241
$1, 386
1
$7
346
$1, 906
122
692
36
304
476
6, 331
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
503
3, 539
102
767
33
686
100
1,400
5
40
135
907
7
49
52
234
1878-'79..
1
3
36
16
77
Years.
Marblehead.
Massachusetts.
Boston and Charles-
town.
Plymouth.
New Bedford.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
1872-173
1873-'74
1874-'75
367
$2,251
47, 886
$307, 319
255
$1,482
95
872
42, 973
322, 891
70
$457
123
646
20
41
•
25, 589
109, 256
441
1, 019
13, 681
111, 183
75
525
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78..
1878-'79
5,048
36, 627
172
930
5, 407
32. 717
35
307
2, 013
12,986
3, 818
24, 952
Belfast, Me., 10 M feet ($60) in 1876–’77.
{
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
405
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Years.
Fall River.
Edgartown.
Total Massachu-
setts.
Newport.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
694
$4, 962
40
$198
49, 830
$319, 511
380
1872-'73
629
3, 444
44, 524
335, 637
538
1873-'74
$2,595
3, 849
1,376
2, 752
27, 929
116, 607
1874-'75
175
1, 457
13, 931
113, 165
1875-'76
85
426
5, 268
38, 506
1876-'77
125
790
365
1877-'78
3, 137
2,072
13, 408
1878-'79
73
316
3,910
25, 381
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
Years.
Providence.
Bristol and Warren. Total Rhode Island.
Stonington.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
3, 902
$28, 931
1872-'73
4, 247
36, 612
100
1873-'74
$791
4,288
4, 891
$31,526
805
$5, 228
41, 252
817
2, 098
6, 451
18, 029
1874-'75
2,098
18, 029
256
1, 186
9, 796
2, 098
1, 186
1875-'76
9,796
123
1, 301
858
8, 287
1876-'77
1, 301
8, 287
736
4, 431
736
1877-'78
4, 431
52
1878-'79
2
320
8
52
326
35
95
475
92
495
2
8
Connecticut.
Years.
New London.
New Haven.
Fairfield.
Total Connecticut.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
370
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78 ..
1878-'79
421
$2,574
3, 517
1, 964
1,536
$13, 126
11, 371
244
$1,859
·
3,383
2, 774
$22, 787
21, 339
132
204
388
2,362
327
2,082
102
173
559
1, 729
450
1,304
197
2, 940
8, 287
1, 034
92
495
173
1, 729
New York.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
Maryland.
Years.
New York.
Newark.
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73
8, 796 $62, 829
1, 826
567
$4, 325
153
18, 386
397
$1,188
3, 184
1873-'74
-
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
332
2, 931
9
78
130
2,528
51
415
69
21
$571
354
40
250
5
9
1,477
234
15
4, 185
95
1,936
2
311
2,474
11
Nantucket, Mass., 12 M ($139) in 1877–’78.
406
IMPORTATION OF
OF LUMBER.
Years.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

South Carolina.
Georgia.
Saint John's.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Years.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79.
Florida.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Key West.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
64
1
$6
1
$22
1
$785
$65
85
$985
164
900
Texas.
California.

Saluria.
Brazos de Santiago.
Corpus Christi.
San Francisco.
M feet, Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1
$18
59
$2,867
25
7
$1,693
401
120
2,935
1
25
181
949
12
693
1
1
12
$31
Alaska.
Michigan.
Illinois.
Wisconsin.
Years.
Sitka.
Superior.
Chicago.
Milwaukee.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
35
$240
11, 978
$76, 491
8
1872-'73
$50
459
5, 160
9, 975
83, 844
1873-'74
484
5, 161
6, 429
47, 166
1874-'75
1
$9
151
1, 577
931
9, 454
1875-'76
4
26
1, 773
16, 138
1876-'77
55
1,055
7
65
1877-'78
8
165
4,366
1878-79
1
10
4, 612
41, 981
4,355
Huron.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Years.
Detroit.
Miami.
Sandusky.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
106
60
96
265
--
279
316
198
1871-'72
1872-73..
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76.
1876-'77
1877--'78
1878-'79
Richmond, Va., 25 M ($200) in 1876–77.
Puget Sound, Wash., 8 M ($120) in 1877-78.
San Diego, Cal., 21 M ($231) in 1877-'78; 3 M ($33) in 1878-79.
Superior, Mich., 6 M ($56) in 1877-'78; 1 M ($5) in 1878–79.
Duluth, Minn., 4 M ($149) in 1878-79.
Minnesota (Duluth), M ($11) in 1878-'79,
$1,990
861
4, 446
5, 046
1,866
$33, 555
50, 548
462
$5, 601
324
2, 104
$3,752
25, 835
31, 349
296
4, 199
1,878
881
13, 491
125
2, 173
4, 689
1, 101
12, 870
50
801
4,855
1, 052
14, 294
97
1,373
4, 402
2, 461
33, 428
5
40
2,210
2, 072
25, 349
… མ, པ ; ''
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
407
Ohio.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

Cuyahoga (Cleve-
land).
Pennsylvania
(Lake).
Erie.
New York (Lake Ports).
Dunkirk
Years.
Buffalo Creek.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-'72
13, 350
$95, 552
1872-'73
14, 866
132, 389
1,318
1, 047
1873-'74
$10, 387
13, 930
572
$6, 847
35, 915
$306, 933
438
5, 006
5, 063
52, 314
51, 336
537, 498
1874-75.
34, 104
34
1875-'76
88
352
1, 120
359, 347
118
1, 946
19, 836
240, £66
1876-'77
18, 078
235, 342
1877-'78
14, 029
177, 809
1878-'79
19, 005
229, 336
22, 369
245, 929
New York (Lake Ports)

Years.
Niagara.
Geneseo.
Oswego.
Cape Vincent.

M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
1871-72
2,868
$31,462
8, 136
$79, 198
1872-'73 ...
260, 924 $2,871.012
5, 446
71, 589
6, 306
11, 258
$70, 442
118,950
1873-'74
298, 881
3,716,362
2,968
5, 639
42, 174
69, 970
10, 023
23,888
238, 828
1874-'75
9, 984
2,991,275
3, 866
96, 249
4,398
49, 225
46, 359
170, 631
1875-'76
11, 847
1,988,362
2, 205
121, 957
3,208
28, 605
32, 230
142, 157
1876-'77
14, 647
1,543,518
2,248
143, 536
21, 973
1,281
12, 251
121, 100
1877-'78
1,256,086
5, 901
1, 485
64, 503
1, 818
1878-'79
7, 553
88, 070
649
18, 975
6, 669
13, 107
119, 311
108, 459 1,099,776
1,230,224
2,209
21, 451
1, 876
17, 340
New York (Lake Ports).
Vermont.
Years.
Oswegatchie (Og-
densburg).
Champlain (Platts-
burg.)
Total New York.
Vermont (Burling-
ton).
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
M feet.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
16, 302 | $204, 560
117, 014
•
28, 940
400, 972
146, 378
$1,200,413
1,671,631
23,835
345, 063
107, 922
448, 037 $4,771,467
549, 294 | 6,591,978
156, 265 $1, 581, 725
169,902 | 2,046, 585
1,325,770
421, 546
1874-'75
10,738
138, 425
89, 427
1,000,403
307, 119
1875-'76
5,136,742
3,539, 269
93, 746
1, 152, 077
65, 133
•
6, 626
78, 453
82, 618
834, 099
865,574
1876-'77
266,779 | 2,899, 047
-
11, 535
56, 016
115, 405
678, 784
84, 011
785,384
1877-'78.
20, 814
248, 088 | 2,503,578
56, 811
211, 472
552, 318
87, 360
781,372
1878-'79
256, 418 2,557,332
20, 583
57, 816
194, 353
109, 794
476, 167
931,408
276, 283 | 2,583,515
68, 981
577, 932
1871-'72
1872-73..
1873-174
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-78
1878-79..
Years,
Total Northern
Frontier.
General total.
M feet.
Value.
M feet.
Value.
636, 329 | $658, 810
752, 753 8, 951, 130
529, 430 6,428, 030
374, 688 4, 408, 239
326, 076 2,814, 475
248, 471 2, 509, 873
313, 058 3,059, 652
352, 152 3, 193, 486
714, 731 $7, 132, 061
818, 302 | 9, 458, 641
562, 395
393, 784
333, 996
6, 764, 314
4, 571, 078
3, 672, 105
3, 174, 335
3, 292, 042
316, 2713, 146, 093
327, 298
355, 204
408
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
1871-'72...
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75..
1875-'76..
1876-'77.
1877-'78...
1878-'79...
5.-IMPORTATION OF "OTHER LUMBER" (BESIDES BOARDS, DEALS, PLANK, JOISTS,
SCANTLING, AND SHINGLES AND TIMBER), FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FROM
1871-72 TO 1878–79. (VALUES.)
(a.) By Foreign Countries.

Years.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
$20 $260, 331
$8, 302
223, 080
1873-74
171, 793
$288, 653
$2,042
$940
$25
359, 309
297, 880
1874-'75.
117, 382
33
187
134, 810
476, 724
84, 713
1875-'76.
6
219, 716
1876-'77.
139, 875
84, 438
480
39
159, 743
224, 832
1877-78.
64, 761
1,393
224, 504
150, 079
48, 141
1878-'79.
109
1,585
126, 268
199, 722
56, 017
80
30
183, 980
Years.
$46
40
$528
1, 671
$389
41
$469
$270, 085
399, 632
$30
$15
47
476, 816
191
219, 720
49
2
224, 883
135
8
→
40
224, 679
43
50
200, 016
5
243
184, 227
Belgium, $99 in 1877-'78.
French Possessions in Africa, &c., $57 in 1877-'78.
Germany $11 in 1877-'78.
Spain, $14 in 1877-'78.
(b.) By Districts.

Maine.
Years.
Passamaquoddy.
Castine.
Machias.
1871-'72
$6,125
$83
$160
1872-'73
18, 000
1873-'74
7, 166
1874-'75
2, 744
1875-'76
3, 776
1876-'77
2,694
•
1877-'78
2,357
1878-'79
1, 774
Belfast, Me., $42 in 1876-'77.
Portsmouth, N. H., $292 in 1876-'77.
Bath, Me., $62 in 1878–’79.
Wiscasset.
Aroostook.
166
537
264
$306
29
2
Waldoborough.
Total Maine.
Mass.
Newburyport.
$31
$6, 705
18, 693
633
383333
$7
7, 334
3, 281
3,776
277
2,736
308
48
2,405
360
3
1,836
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
409
Nantucket, Mass., $10 in 1877-'78.
Richmond, Va., $800 in 1876-'77; $170 in 1877–78.
Wilmington, N. O., $94 in 1877-'78.
Years.
New York.
Newark.
Years.
Providenco.
Newport.
Rhode Island.
Years.
Gloucester.
Salem and Bev-
erly.
Marblehead.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.
Boston and
Charlestown.
Massachusetts.


1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
•
- •
$1,054
$423
$774
378
546
$42, 151
55, 747
$2, 434
$555
$42
$53, 371
7,771
1, 175
85, 317
555
1, 512
42, 104
2,328
931
54, 764
41
19, 663
463
199
23, 647
1875-'76
53
172
943
14, 961
321
710
1870-'77
21, 213
50
688
12, 326
364
236
1877-78
13, 972
20
11, 741
455
1878-'79..
12, 576
12
704
760
10, 817
365
548
and.
Total Rhode Isl-
Stonington.
1871-'72
$16, 797
$638
$17,435
1872-73
25, 222
2, 713
27, 935
$325
1873-'74.
1,353
14, 439
$55
$1,627
3, 160
$7
$1, 689
349
14, 788
4,838
590
1874-'75
1, 698
767
10, 748
591
11, 339
3,055
1875-'76
738
8, 505
97
421
835
8,926
1870-'77
387
5, 422
387
5, 422
80
1877-'78
448
34
6, 907
1, 153
562
8,060
136
1878-79.
604
656
2, 314
2, 314
1,396
498
130
618
1,246
Philadelphia.
N. Y.
N. J.
Pa.
Del.
Md.
D. C.
Florida.
Wilmington.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$35,961
36, 598
$4, 346
2,710
$37, 215
$738
1873-'74
15, 501
18, 974
5, 634
19, 437
$25
715
1574-'75
23,840
$48
3, 537
20, 592
$15
1875-'76
508
·
23, 698
$421
1,890
1876-77
1877-'78
24, 695
196
-
25, 099
3, 338
1,173
3, 232
4, 262
$9
18, 460
6,760
1,624
3, 110
40
634
1878-'79.
1, 434
21. 429
3,062
12, 012
1,016
62
3
1, 929
663
272
Baltimore.
Georgetown.
Key West.
Pensacola.
New London.
New Haven.
Fairfield.
Connecticut.
Total Connecti-
cut.
Fall River.
New Bedford.
Edgartown.
Total Massachu-
setts.


410
IMPORTATION OF LUMBER.
Years.
Years.
Years.
New Orleans.
La.
Saluria.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

Galveston.
Texas.
Brazos de Santi-
ago.
San Francisco.
Cal.
Illinois.
1871-'72.
1872-'73
$435
697
1873-'74
·
30
1874-75
187
$384
47
167
$144
$1,311
$4
$1, 669
$3,057
1, 870
706
20, 738
756
178
8, 349
$24
66
113
1875-'76
3,662
49
46
1876-'77
1, 084
39
449.
1877-'78
452
1, 913
16
1878-79..
215
23, 876
386
70
Sandusky.
Ohio.
Pa.
Cuyahoga (Cleve-
land).
Erie.
Dunkirk.
Buffalo Creek.
New York (Lake Ports).
1871-'72
1872-'73 ..
$1,295
$7, 553
$16, 487
1873-'74
$1,864
$43, 831
$30
10, 912
1874-'75
$35, 151
165, 599
$718
26, 959
52, 735
55
30, 707
17, 603
42,504
1875-'76
14, 897
16
12, 378
32, 553
1876-'77
32, 919
10, 002
533
30, 786
1877-'78
37,862
3
8,386
205
29, 331
1878-'79 .
26, 661
7,312
39, 736
39, 744
13, 891
26, 884
New York (Lake Ports).
Vt.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
$5, 488
8,090
$474
1,673
1873-'74..
$39, 017
31, 342
$105, 297
$9, 167
$118, 367
156, 698
$270, 085
9, 120
1874-75...
8,087
30, 208
222, 854
72, 192
399, 632
315, 105
13, 386
22, 664
20, 202
359, 312
1875-'76.
14, 131
476, 816
107, 547
7,957
18, 886
12, 214
1876-'77...
20, 603
161, 810
219, 907
114, 481
9,700
23, 592
18, 684
139, 219
37, 327
224, 883
1877-'78...
141, 290
8, 100
17, 068
11, 818
159, 255
1878-'79.
32, 970
126, 597
224, 679
2, 412
1, 432
20, 959
150, 095
17, 199
200, 016
101, 562
23, 876
150, 043
184, 227
Alaska, $15 in 1877-'78, $28 in 1878-'79.
Huron, Mich., $364 in 1876-77, $444 in 1878-'79.
Paso del Norte, Tex., $135 in 1876-'77, $43 in 1877-'78, $5 in 1878-'79.
Puget Sound, Wash. Ter., $52 in 1878-79.
Niagara.
Genesee.
Oswego.
Chicago.
Superior.
Detroit.
Michigan.


IMPORTATION OF LUMBER, ETC.
411
}
Years.
Quantity (M foot).
6.-CLAPBOARDS IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.
Pine.
Spruce.
Other Varieties of Wood.

1872-73. 3, 126. 01 |
1873-74.. 1, 577.62
1874-75.. 1, 122. 23
1875-'76. 1, 126. 34
1876-77.. 568.92
1877-'78.. 689.46
1878-79. 1, 001, 14
$45, 507 07
18, 929 00
$6, 252 02
13, 818 00
11, 776 00
| 3, 155 25
2,244 45
2,252 67
820.84
503.26
478. 34
$11, 545 50
$1, 231 27
$218, 646 80 $43,729 36
5, 795 00
6, 591 00
754 88
717 50
2,169 00
433 80
0.25
13 00
2 60
254.03
3,423 00
381 05
5, 642 00
1, 137 84
227.94
5,999 00
341 91
.01
5.00
1 00
6, 855 00
1,378 91
130.34
1,330 00
195 51
.02
59 54
11 91
9, 251 00
2,002 29
562. 76
5,408 00
844 14
.07
266 45
53 28
[Clapboards of other varieties of wood, planed-
1874, 155.50 M feet; duty (50 cents per M feet), $77.75.
1875, 501.40 M feet; duty (50 cents per M feet), $250.70.
1877, 256.55 M feet; duty (50 cents per M feet), $128.28.]
7.—LATH IMPORTED From 1866–67 TO 1878-79.

1866-'67.
1867-'68.
1868-'69...
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-73.
1873-74...
1874-'75..
1875-'76.
1876-77.
1877-'78..
1878-79...
1872-73..
1873-74.
་
1874-75.
1875-'76.
1870-'77
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
-
-
[
1872-'73...
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
1875-76..
1870-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79..
·
Years.
Quantities
(M).
Value.
Duties.
$56, 567 49
78,711 85
134, 641 71
105, 873 08
172, 484 57
149, 159 75
93, 655
144, 778
135, 597
100
168, 936
179, 6472
121, 4413
123, 2291%
110, 343. 8
102 00
188, 764 98
183, 119 69
114,333 46
103, 951 05
101, 485 €3
108, 975. 37
97, 416 04
101, 996. 83
83, 786 18
$11, 313 50 (20 per cent.)
15, 742 37 (20 per cent.)
26, 928 34 (20 per cent.)
21, 174 63 (20 per cent.)
34, 496 90 (20 per cent.)
29, 831 94 (20 per cent.)
20 40 (20 per cent.)
25, 340 45
26, 947 20
18, 216 26
18, 484 51
(15 cents per M.)
(15 cents per M.)
(15 cents per M.)
(15 cents per M.)
16,551 60 (15 cents per M.)
16, 346 30 (15 cents per M.)
15, 299 54 (15 cents per M.)
8.-PICKETS AND PALINGS IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.
Years.
Quantity
(M).
Value.
Duty (20 per
cent).
103, 976. 50
7,934. 76
3,729. 25
$58, 033 61
33, 901 33
29, 359 90
$11, 606 72
6,780 27
5, 871 98
3, 640.78
26, 418 30
5, 283 66
2,669. 33
16, 013 44
3, 202 68
3, 053. 87
21, 184 84
3, 726. 76
23,065 55
4,236 96
4, 613 11
9.-SHINGLES IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79. TOTALS.
Years.
Quantity
(M).
Value.
Duty (35 cents
per M).
99, 002. 90
111, 347. 00
82, 030. 25
$222, 207 89
276, 211 45
197, 804 04
$34, 651 01
38, 971 47
28,710 61
38, 564.00
85, 604 98
34, 671. 75
70, 316 03
13, 497 41
12, 135 14
47, 610. 19
97, 501 00
16, 663 54
48, 321. 49
92, 871 00
16, 912 57
412
IMPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
10. SHINGLES IMPORTED FROM 1871-'72 TO 1878–79.
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
(Quantities (M) and Values.)

Other Ports of Brit-
Canada (Quebec,
ish North Amer-
Ontario, &c.).
Years.
ica (Nova Scotia, British Columbia.
New Brunswick,
Total.
&c.).
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
102, 902
$209, 500
2
$3
1872-'73
102, 904
86, 218
192, 419
22, 230
$209, 503
50, 985
1873-'74
►
108, 448
93, 243
238, 475
243, 404
15,987
34, 962
15
1874-'75
$53
109, 245
69,393
273, 490
171, 297
12, 703
26, 416
1875-'76
14
42
82, 110
34, 611
79, 028
3, 668
197, 755
7, 227
1876-'77
38, 279
·
29, 309
59, 704
86, 255
4,881
9, 424
1877-'78
34, 190
69, 189
42, 064
86, 291
5, 456
10, 833
12
1878-'79
25
39, 927
47, 532
75, 869
97, 149
8, 783
17, 750
48, 710
93, 619
(b.) By Districts.
Maine.
Years.
Passamaquoddy.
Machias.
Aroostook.
Bangor.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
1872-'73
968
$2, 273
14, 063
684
$28, 178
95
2, 026
$234
1873-74
•
1, 098
5, 463
11, 147
2, 767
3, 081
5,823
1874-'75
872
855
1, 960
1, 407
1,799
13
1875-'76
$34
1, 027
2, 074
850
704
2,815
840
1,680
1876-'77
485
962
81
158
1877-'78
2, 981
5, 952
389
778
1878-'79
2, 440
1,547
4, 910
2,898
1, 701
3, 490
Maine.
Massachusetts.
Years.
Portland and Fal-
mouth.
York.
Total Maine.
Newburyport.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
1,278
$2, 615
1872-'73
689
1, 801
16, 401
9, 603
$33, 300
20, 797
1873-'74
184
542
3,566
8,398
1874-'75
114
174
87
$130
2, 550
5, 053
1875-'76
6
12
1, 195
2,654
563
1876-'77
$564
182
374
3, 244
6, 484
1877-'78
1, 105
1878-'79
723
1,712
1, 203
3, 934
7,400
3, 971
7,591
Years.
Massachusetts.
Marblehead.
Boston and Charles-
town.
Plymouth.
Fall River.

M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
4,337
1872-'73
21
$65
5, 229
$9, 024
12, 520
100
$200
497
1873-'74
$1,453
20
41
681
1, 511
1874-'75
964
1,960
1, 376
1, 103
2, 752
2,267
1875-'76
532
1, 132
1876-'77
143
148
1877-'78
77
131
1878-79...
622
1,286
Salem and Beverly, Mass., 90 M ($585) in 1876-'77.
IMPORTATION OF SHINGLES.
413
1
(b.) By Districts—Continued.
(Quantities (M) and Values.)
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.

Years.
New Bedford.
Edgartown.
Total Massachu-
setts.
Newport.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
392
$855
291
$449
5, 019
$10, 328
772
1872-73
$947
410
979
6, 257
15, 226
529
1, 132
1873-'74
441
1, 019
2,518
5, 323
1,003
2,056
1874-'75
84
173
1875-'76
2, 151
1,095
4, 400
1,696
471
966
59
122
1876-77...
533
733
196
402
1877-'78
*
77
131
1878-'79
622
1, 286
114
234
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
New York.
Years.
Providence.
Total Rhode Island.
New London.
New York.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
$
1871-'72
1872-'73
·
2,622
4, 023
$5, 801
3, 396
9, 064
4,552
$6,748
10, 196
673
$1, 727
1,727
4, 929
1873-'74
8, 894
19, 334
9, 897
21, 390
132
1874-'75
6, 969
14, 474
7,440
15, 440
680
264
1,727
63
$129
1875-'76..
1,326
2,769
1, 385
2, 891
1876-'77
1, 012
2, 058
1, 208
2, 460
78
122
1877-'78
2, 550
5, 014
2, 550
5, 014
1878-'79
4,899
10, 000
5, 013
10, 234
Texas.
Alaska.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Years.
Texas.
Alaska.
Superior.
Huron.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-72 ...
1872-'73
91
$306
82
-
$163
1873-'74
15
1874-'75
14
$53
42
271
$900
83
260
20
39
1875-'76
1876-'77
6
12
1877-'78
69
127
1878-'79
7
14
Ohio.
New York (Lake Ports).
Years.
Cuyahoga.
Buffalo Creek.
Niagara.
Genesee.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
4, 652
$9, 200
1,378
1872-'73 ..
$3,220
1,610
3, 455
275
1873-'74
991
2, 451
705
1874-'75
820
1,609
5, 081
8,888
$11, 182
9, 624
6, 288
9, 913
$14,773
23, 232
3, 584
10, 226
10, 023
23, 888
1875-'76 .
1, 161
3, 151
6, 187
14, 991
153
1876-'77
306
2,369
5, 181
100
1877-'78..
188
2,170
114
4,359
240
600
1878-'79.
1, 345
4, 269
300
9, 005
734
888
2,262
3, 635
7,620
Puget Sound, 12 M ($25) in 1877-'78.
414
IMPORTATION OF SHINGLES AND TIMBERS.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.
(Quantities (M) and Values.)

New York (Lake Ports).
Years.
Oswego.
Cape Vincent.
Oswegatchie.
Champlain.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
24, 236
1872-73..
$56, 586
3,874
23, 102
$6,885
17, 061
1873-'74
58,457
$33, 750
685
3,757
6, 857
$1,369
28, 724
35, 559
67, 146
101, 948
918
1874-'75
5, 613
12, 502
2, 115
35, 396
28, 855
73, 788
1875-'76
94, 041
209
559
5,552
11, 651
14, 694
22, 894
37, 486
1876-'77
53, 922
113
948
316
1, 837
20, 093
5, 111
41, 721
13, 274
90
226
1877-'78
649
1, 306
21, 208
4, 136
1878-'79
46, 805
8, 024
43
1,120
77
2, 085
7,302
18, 005
14, 784
36, 682
85
2, 515
173
4, 224
2,757
5, 647
173
305
New York (Lake
Ports).
Vermont.
Years.
Total New York.
Vermont (Bur-
lington).
Total Northern
Frontier.
General Total.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1871-'72
58, 603
$127, 765
1872-'73
14, 231
$20, 435
70, 577
77,486
168, 257
$157, 400*
1873-'74
13, 769
102, 904
$209, 503
20, 075
84, 548
86, 038
224, 520
191, 950
108, 448
1874-'75
7, 244
243, 404
10, 062
93, 054
63, 103
161, 636
237, 934
109, 245
1875-'76
6, 063
273, 490
9, 151
69, 269
31, 565
171, 089
82, 110
74, 746
1876-'77
3, 039
197, 755
4, 268
34, 604
27, 191
79, 014
1877-'78
55, 675
38, 279
1, 930
86, 255
3, 703
29, 127
34, 698
59, 390
1878-'79
74, 437
34, 190
69, 189
6, 192
10, 015
28, 273
40, 959
57, 474
84, 579
10, 824
47,532
97, 149
17, 020
39, 104
74, 508
48, 710
93, 619
Years.
11. TIMBER IMPORTED FROM 1866-'67 TO 1878-79.

Timber, sawed or hewn.
Timber, squared or sided.
Timber for building wharves.

1866-'67..
1867-'68..
1868-'69..
477,757 40
1869-'70..
-
26, 804 43
1870-'71..
1871-'72..
1872-'73..
1873-74.. 28, 646
1874-75.. 19, 171
1875-76.101, 398
1876-'77.. 5, 312
1877-78.. 3, 416
1878-'79.. 4, 119
2,795 00
502 00
7,521 10
1,295 00
$176, 840 05 | $35, 368 01
107, 635 76
79, 820 35
64, 380 24
68, 047 23
21, 527 15
95, 551 54
5,300 08
15, 964 07
12,876 05
13, 609 45 895, 971
559 00 635, 040
100 40 353, 979
1,504 22 182, 158
$129, 451 10 $8, 959 71
79, 034 64
51,313 00
21, 640 00
6, 350 44
3, 539 79
1,821 58
378 80
440 65
259 00 3, 663
75 76 58, 103
88 13 17, 079
407 00
36 63
7,419 00
581 03
15,650
500
1, 560
15
$9, 398 20
823 00
2,334 00
$1,879 64
164 60
466 80
40 00
108 00
8 00
21 60
1 00
20
1,593 00
170 79
618
69 00
13 80
IMPORTATION OF TIMBER, ETC.
415
-- ་
1871-'72...
1872-'73..
1873-74..
1874-75..
1875-'76.
1876-77...
1877-'78..
1878-79...
Years.
Central Ameri-
can States.
China.
England.
1869-'70...
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78.
-
1878-'79
Years.
12. OTHER TIMBER AND LUMBER, SPECIFIED (FREE), IMPORTED FROM 1869-70 TO
1878-'79.


Railroad-ties.
Shingle-bolts and
stave-bolts.
1 In 1874-'75, the quantity was 3,617 tons; in 1876-'77, it was 1,352 tons; in 1877-'78, 3,515 tons; and in
1878-'79, 2,800 tons.
Ship-timber.'
$311, 368 76
491, 716 30
263, 540 00
162,704 00
194, 629 00
176,057 00
$55,317 00
79, 943 50
49, 209 00
21, 575 50
17,944 00
14, 864 00
15,785 00
$21,731 00
69,535 00
42.752 50
37, 845 00
25,860 00
$322 00
7,338 00
27, 529 00
20,000 00
6, 412 00
27,809 00
20,687 00
13, 278 00
238,409 25
39, 571 00
18, 386 00
12, 398 00
13. ROUGH TIMBER AND UNMANUFACTURED WOOD IMPORTED FROM 1866-'67 TO
1878-79.
Years.
Value.
Duties (20
per cent.).
Years.
Value.
1866-'67...
1867-'68.
1868-'69..
$535, 157 09
445, 598 23
979, 267 01
$107,031 42
89, 170 95
195, 853 40
1872-'73
1869-'70...
559, 655 28
111, 931 03
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
$6, 342 00 (Duties, $1,268.40.)
300, 678 76 (Free.)
298, 397 73 (Free.)
310, 414 44 (Free.)
1870-'71.
494, 456 45
98,891 28
1875-'76
161, 471 00 (Free.)
1871-72...
225, 428 04
45,085 60
1876-'77
181, 836 65 (Free.)
1877-'78
1878-'79.
168, 665 27 (Free.)
208, 129 22 (Free.)
[The above importation was wholly along the Northern Frontier, or from the Maritime Provinces
of Canada.]
14. TIMBER, SAWED OR HEWN, WHOLLY OR IN PART (DUTIES 20 PER CENT.),
IMPORTED FROM 1871-72 TO 1878-79.
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
Ireland.
Canada (Quebec,
Ontario, &c.).
Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick.
dies and Hon-
British West In-
duras.
$52
$154, 624
$346
$60
168, 536
23, 906
$39
$4
$155, 022
192, 545
217, 620
11, 246
$97
84
229, 047
112, 626
10
44
3
•
$996 77
113, 310
$6
22, 749
18
16 $6, 646
17
4, 596
მ, 385
2, 567
7
10
20
2,814
455
1,854
6
31
30, 508
7,170
3, 893
24
25
4, 737
Japan.
Mexico.
Cuba.
Total.
Ship-planking.


416
TIMBER, ETC.
IMPORTATION OF
Years.
Maine.
(b.) By Districts.

Massachusetts.
N. Y.
Pa.
Del.
Md.
1871-'72..
$98 $1, 458 $278
$1,458
1872-'73.
$5, 461
$1, 934 $2, 244
5, 461
546
1873-74..
$25, 155
1,100
$482
$16, 859
1874-75...
$620
10
537
547
1875-'76...
18
1876-77..
1877-'78...
1878-79..
$2,406
161
17
455
1, 232
622
Years.
Ga.
Fla.
Tex.
Cal. Minn.
Ill.
Savannah.
Key West.
Brazos de San-
tiago.
San Francisco.
Minnesota.
Chicago.
Huron.
Michigan.
Detroit.
Superior.
1871-'72.
$52
$500
$49
$294
$845
1872-'73...
$4
1873-'74...
97
$39
84
$50
859
1, 248
2, 502 $4, 698
14
3, 238
4, 627
1874-75.. $9
1,409
38
641
2,269
41
16
1875-'76..
16
7, 642
846
1876-'77...
2
781
631
1877-'78.
31
994
506
1878-79..
24
857
80
H
14
80
Years.
New York (Lake Ports).
Sandusky.
Ohio.
Cuyahoga.
Erie.
$11, 536
60
$658
60
•
1871-'72... $8, 697 | $10, 885
1872-73... 2, 601
$23, 572 $6, 761 $13, 210
2, 601
14, 191 $1, 128
|
4, 162 7,731
715
1873-'74..
1874-75..
1875-'76...
1876-'77..
1877-78..
1878-'79...
$30, 317 $22, 125
108, 885 8, 856
$125, 255
$155, 022
11, 427
168, 536
5, 005
192, 545
833
274
$127, 287
45, 981
16, 181
2,796
217, 620
229, 047
850
224
72, 069
27, 031
6. 689
112, 626
113, 310
85
6, 471
130
7,402
30, 508
4
2,696
294
4,596
596
349
1
455
484
3,385
393
54
7,170
3,893
58
1,328
2, 814
4, 737
Saluria, Tex., $5 in 1876–77; $25 in 1878–’79.
Saint John's, Fla., $5 in 1877-'78.
New Orleans, La., $10 in 1878-79.
Norfolk, Va., $10 in 1878-'79.
Pa
IMPORTATION OF VARIOUS WOOD MANUFACTURES.
417
15. STAVES FOR PIPES, HOGSHEADS, CASKS, &C., IMPORTED FROM 1866–67 TƆ
1878-79.

Years.
Value.
Duties (10
per cent.).
Years.
Value.
Duties (10
per cent.).
1866-'67
$127, 368 35 |
$12, 736 84
1873-'74 ..
$24,061 00
1867-'68
119, 682 33
11, 968 23
1874-'75
10, 067 00
$2,400 10
1,000 90
1868-'69
66, 053 00
6, 605 30
1875-'70
9, 149 00
914 90
1869-70
59, 424 10
5, 942 41
1876-'77
6, 069 00
606 70
1870-'71
39,803 42
3,980 34
1877-'78
8, 733 00
873 30
1871-'72
47,952 00
4,795 20
1878-'79
5, 425 00
542 50
1872-'73
41, 596 70
4, 159 67
Quantities.
3,151 M in 1869–70. 1,032 M in 1874-75. 773 M in 1875-'76. 247 M in 1876-'77. 548 M in 1877–78.
Imported in 1869-70 to the value of..
1870-'71 to the value of.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-75..
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78...
1878-'79...
Years.
16. HOOP-POLES.
$3,519 (duty, $703.80.)
1,039 (duty, $207.80.)
17.-SHOOKS IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.
Shooks (sugar-box).
·

Shooks (all other not specified).
Number.
Value.
Duty (30
per cent.).
Number.
Value.
Duty (35
per cent.).
6, 372
$221 00
$66 30
14, 497
$917 00
524 45
$320 95
183 66
350
10, 425
57 00
33 00
200
58 00
15, 565
1,186 50
113, 323
17 10
9.90
17 40
355 95
14, 920 00 | 4, 476 00
23,000
153 00
53 55,
2,200
90 00
31 50
18. CASKS AND BARRELS, EMPTY, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, IMPORTED FROM
1872-73 TO 1878-79,

1872-'73 .
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
-
1877-'78
1878-'79.
Years.
Value.
Duty (30
per cent.).
$4,358 80
5,499 30
4,798 00
2,781 52
4, 251 00
2, 259 12
2, 149 74
$1,307 65
1, 649 79
1,439 40
834 45
1,275 30
677 73
644 92
19. PACKING-BOXES IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.

1872-'73
1873-'74
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Years.
Value.
Duty (30
per cent.).
$367 30
28 00
695 00
$110 19
8 40
208 50
13, 588 00
4,076 40
11, 826 00
3,547 80
27 FOR
418 IMPORTATION OF VARIOUS WOOD MANUFACTURES, ETC.
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78...
1878-'79 ..
Years.
-
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
20. HUBS FOR WHEELS, POSTS, LAST-BLOCKS, WAGON-BLOCKS, HEADING-BLOCKS,
AND GUN-BLOCKS, AND ALL LIKE BLOCKS OR STICKS, ROUGH HEWED OR SAWED
ONLY, IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
•
Years.
Value.
$43, 715 14
48, 735 31
76, 548 36
Duty (20
per cent.).
$8,743 02
9, 747 07
15,308 67
1878-'79
67,063 15
13, 412 65
84, 726 54
16,945 30
53, 953 26
10,790 65
64, 753 36
12,950 67
21. WOODS NOT SPECIFIED, IMPORTED FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-79.

Years.
Unmanufactured wood,
not otherwise specified.
Manufactures of wood,
not otherwise specified.
Duty (35
per cent.).
Value.
Duty (20
per cent.).
Value.
$693, 028 95
$13,073 89
14, 541 37
6,303 90
4, 936 75
6, 321 45
3,242 45
$2,614 77
2,908 27
1,260 78
805, 315 17
$242, 560 14
281, 860 28
597, 627 66
209, 169 64
1
678,985 70
237, 644 98
987 35
514, 743 34
1,264 28
507, 187 09
180, 160 18
177,515 47
648 49
559,598 46
195, 859 49
22. UNMANUFACTURED WOOD, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED (FREE), IMPORTED FROM
1871-72 TO 1878-79.
(a.) By Foreign Countries.
Austria.
Belgium.
Brazil.
American
States.
Central
China.
Danish West
Indies.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$1,515
$259, 732
142, 269
1873-'74
$16, 932
71, 551
$5
189, 246
1874-'75
37, 061
$13, 950
18, 799
3, 245
197, 649
19, 970
1875-'76
4, 697
$22, 006
4, 818
40, 036
7, 359
134, 959
1876-'77
18, 066
2, 553
201
$5
24, 365
74
75, 988
35, 001
1877-'78
3, 924
38, 662
216
88, 061
13, 968
1878-'79
233
17, 532
66
104, 521
26, 924
603
1, 019
41, 025
Years.
Great Britain and British Colonies.
1871-'72
$5, 476
$22, 107
$94, 091
1872-'73
207
$7,712
17, 043-
142, 226
$279, 068
1873-'74
$79
719
1, 540
$216 $606, 872
260, 421
!
24, 423
112, 455
77
1874-'75
833, 952
253, 717
519
15, 933
129, 837
1875-'76
1876-'77
4, 637
4, 982
755, 056
191, 070
23, 302
115, 180
18
72
455, 590
158, 729
5, 371
82, 840
171
1877-'78
481, 214
174, 002
12, 300
23, 591
115, 096
55
11
1878-79
465, 906
159, 692
19
73
23, 810
229, 100
36
25
591, 574
164, 177
France.
?


IMPORTATION OF UNMANUFACTURED WOODS.
419
1
Years.
Years.
Years.
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.
Total Great Britain and British Colonies.


1871-'72
1872-'73
$288
$31, 195
$27, 959
230
1873-'74
12, 629
$2,502
$64
25, 101
$2, 387
1874-'75
35, 609
58,958
484
20
1, 905
1, 441
1875-'76
17, 723
9
25. 244
92
256
154
1876-'77
29, 179
85
31, 656
4, 138
8, 153
1877-'78
5, 531
79, 177
1, 944
308
9, 117
1878-'79
6
15, 375
98,335
3,835
13, 110
3, 952
158, 926
5, 219
1,968
Great Britain and Brit-
ish Colonies.
Total British
Colonies.
Total Great
Britain and
Colonies.
Hayti.
Italy.
1871-'72.
1872-'73..
$348, 787
909, 609
$442, 878
1, 052, 130
1873-'74.
$9, 331
22, 637
$165
$1,000
706
$15, 578
$278, 950
1, 182, 557
1, 295, 097
346, 923
1874-'75.
4,379
1, 001
966
994, 534
1, 124, 371
1875-'76..
16, 868
324, 520
992
14, 575
679, 659
794, 929
171, 554
1876-'77.
22, 192
190
188
747, 490
830, 501
1877-'78..
6, 626
247, 833
85
707
746, 692
861, 854
1878-'79..
10, 977
133, 690
25
2, 538
950, 349
1, 179, 510
257, 853
3, 121
97
1, 105
224, 925
Netherlands and Dutch Colonies.
Russia.
Argentine Republic, $279 in 1877-'78.
Gibraltar, $38 in 1876-'77; $105 in 1877–78.
1871-'72...
1872-73...
$12, 553
1, 088
1873-'74.
$23, 600
53, 658
$26, 228
36, 744
$62, 381
91, 490
14, 009
$1,044
46, 270
1874-'75.
33, 085
93, 364
3, 934
44, 445
1875-'76.
24, 388
72, 767
6, 317
3, 220
1876-'77.
18, 482
28, 021
1, 949
432
1877-'78.
17, 200
19, 581
673
4
9, 928
1878-79...
13, 540
24, 141
2, 470
2, 412
22, 624
40, 518
1, 010
Portugal.
Azores, &c.
Baltic and
White Seas.
Asiatic Russia.
$43
25
6
$31 $259
San Domingo.
$64, 769
37, 873
61, 723
127, 112
37, 875
47, 054
74, 886
38, 372
Japan.
Liberia.
Mexico.
Hong Kong.
British Posses-
sions in Africa.
Other
British
Provinces.
$7,775
390
5, 166
41



420
IMPORTATION OF UNMANUFACTURED WOODS.
Years.
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
1871-'72
1872-'73..
$1, 938
$46, 217
$1, 179
$7,883
$56, 217
19, 408
1873-'74
7, 263
$20
9, 891
·
1,062
36, 562
$39, 965
61, 725
1874-75
8,370
335
3,742
127, 112
73, 906
35, 150
39, 053
1875-'76
11, 230
5, 462
3, 805
79, 217
37, 875
55, 745
1876-'77
4, 190
175
14, 708
1, 868
19, 073
29, 583
1877-'78
4,077
$42
5,727
10, 076
28, 154
308
14, 880
1878-'79 ..
3, 234
5, 009
1, 389
7,007
42, 263
9, 939
21
101
1,033
43, 397
23, 806
16, 786
Years.
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
Europe.

1871-'72
1872-'73
$3,312
1,288
$7,280
1873-'74
8, 919
$4, 774
18,717
250
$26
2, 055
$94, 091
$34, 660
$152, 721
$18, 080
18, 165
18, 162
43, 160
1874-75
4,866
6, 679
7,254
112, 604
8,838
38, 437
197, 005
1875-'76...
1,868
20, 158
2, 621
129,837
19, 867
158, 931
17, 073
14, 729
190
1870-'77 .
115, 198
1, 366
30, 214
9,771
169, 967
17, 073
་
201
1877-'78
1, 061
83, 049
5,445
6, 001
127, 357
719
1878-'79
115, 267
679
23, 807
11, 069
156, 606
3,952
97
229, 161
26, 346
296, 629
13, 037

Years.
Total.
1871-'72
1872-773
$72, 137
$181, 767
83, 996
$303, 009 | $295, 882
$279, 356
$43
152, 675
178, 771
1873-'74
418, 474
867, 523
94, 738
218, 795
277, 382
1874-75.
361, 581
55,363
1,086, 669
25
556, 431
234, 495
1875-'76
191, 524
946, 146
57, 017
6
96, 838
165, 819
1876-'77
265, 899
614, 575
85,045
8, 153
87, 131
1877-'78
35, 001
655, 217
102, 403
4, 982
1878-79
188,477
1, 010
9, 117
100, 417
95, 402
$22, 938 $1, 325, 415
17,863 1, 877, 631
5, 185❘ 2, 262, 441
11, 147 1,895, 585
19, 406 | 1, 406, 681
1, 237, 518
13, 968
631, 437
13, 019
1,429, 096
121, 989
24, 849
771, 126
1, 106
1,758, 652
1 Excepting Spain.
Uruguay, $5 in 1877-'78.
Dutch Guiana, $13,012 in 1878-79.
IMPORTATION OF UNMANUFACTURED WOODS.
421
1
}
Years.
(b.) By Districts.

Maine.
N. H.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$2,611
·
3, 167
$2,338
5,259
$4,949
1873-'74
·
5, 162
$19, 523
$156
3, 938
1874-'75
$680
28, 104
$4.924
22, 729
35, 569
1,656
2, 952
47, 005
1875-'76
19, 345
$3,276
3, 413
11, 648
1, 926
372
42, 531
12, 850
1876-'77
9.978
8,381
412
265
30, 107
4,824
1877-'78
6, 781
10, 772
27
70
18, 036
80
5, 548
1878-'79.
158
19, 580
12, 670
195
24, 012
4, 510
58
7, 396
1, 846
28, 880
3, 368
Years.
Massachusetts.
R. I.
Newport.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$282
$3,111
1873-'74
$3,814
$108
2, 441
$120, 861
$120, 969
226, 566
94
5, 609
236, 214
7, 133
1874-'75
3, 570
220, 526
864
8, 281
$300
237, 232
7,008
1875-'76
3,270
191, 320
679
490
5, 686
3, 609
211, 233
1876-'77
2,257
$193
121, 740
•
1, 179
4, 940
3, 199
133, 971
1877-'78
1878-'79.
2,409
134, 453
881
5, 179
146, 180
3,793
1,771
156, 649
947
6, 013
3,075
1, 998
131, 568
143, 901
R. I.
Connecticut.
N. Y.
N. J.
Pa.
Years.
1871-'72..
1872-'73
1873-'74
$3,003
4, 405
$1,515
3,802
$445
3,107
760
$115
$560
7, 625
$850, 585
772, 077
$375
$21, 177
33, 011
1874-75.
7, 446
8, 967 1, 006, 103
1,973
11, 348
2, 259
1875-'76
9, 705
867, 973
1, 054
3, 032
1,055
7,720
1876-'77
2, 109
•
2, 431
678, 268
583
6, 616
930
1877-'78
1, 235
477, 181
231
977
8,327
315
315
1878-'79.
659, 367
384
176
988
1,814
988
874, 307
256
10, 955
Bangor, Me., $2,582 in 1867.
Stonington, Conn., $305 in 1876–77.
Castine, Me., $67 in 1877-'78.
Edgartown, Mass., $300 in 1878–79.
422
IMPORTATION OF UNMANUFACTURED WOODS.
Years.
1871-'72
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
-
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
·
1877-'78...
1878-79..
San Francisco.
Fernandina, Fla., $5,000 in 1878-'79.
Saint John's, Fla., $5 in 1877-'78; and $6 in 1878–79.
Willamette, Oreg., $103 in 1877-'78.
Puget Sound.
Years.
Delaware.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

Baltimore.
Del.
Md.
Virginia.
North Carolina.
S. C.
Georgia. Florida.
Norfolk.
1871-'72
1872-'73.
1873-'74
$7, 593 $25,000
2, 687
4, 047
1874-'75 .
6, 646
1875-'76
$1, 121
2,502
1870-'77
3, 474
7, 967
1877-'78
587
2, 212
1
1878-'79
·
2,709
Years.
Florida. Alabama. Miss.
La.
Pamlico.
Beaufort.
Charleston.
Savannah.
Key West.
$30
$150
123
$24
$432
20
478
7,499
95
125
302
257
6, 632
Texas.
Cal.
$108
$14,737
$10
19, 946
5
$1
$250
$150
29, 216
968
$31
1,509
23, 213
2, 592
1
$3,030
15, 546
77
21, 932
159
•
22, 654
344
5
43, 369
4,738
Cal.
Wash.
Illinois.
Wis.
Minn.
349
1, 541
Michigan.
Chicago.
Milwaukee.
Duluth.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
-
$59, 042
33, 998
$714
-
76, 856
1874-'75
92, 075
1875-'76
72, 212
$1,301
1, 889
1, 611
15, 386
$915
$6
$196
3,224
$4, 538
21, 497
31, 073
$6,637
171, 584
167, 767
274
19,729
119, 895
1876-'77
233
63,552
19, 898
7, 060
154, 892
1877-'78.
976
73, 070
13, 861
4, 128
157, 267
428
1878-'79
574
21, 930
15, 375
19, 749
160, 140
9, 448
5, 685
1, 631
15, 918
182, 133
Superior.
1
Huron.
Detroit.
$40
IMPORTATION OF WOODS, FURNITURE, ETC.
423
1854-'55
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59.
Years.
Years.
Years.
Miami.
Ohio.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.

Sandusky.
Cuyahoga.
Erie.
Pennsyl-
New York (Lake Ports).
vania.
Dunkirk.
1871-'72
$360
1872-'73
$6,701
$3,803
$2, 205
$506
1873-'74
3, 383
$6,329
45, 376
$59, 097
1,042
$5, 941
17, 213
1, 971
16, 948
1874-75
35, 698
180, 038
1, 550
5,922
73, 262
18, 621
4,873
1875-'76
2, 414
233, 203
96, 481
11, 476
6, 041
8,867
1876-'77
4, 615
126, 183
42
€7, 992
5, 211
8, 020
1, 129
84, 958
1877-78
4, 658
1, 802
41, 163
100
7,790
4, 767
6, 096
129, 499
1878-'79
3, 416
45
18, 667
90
6, 904
3, 161
1, 793
134, 155
21
27, 212
6, 212
179, 240
26, 145
Oswego.
Cape Vincent.
New York (Lake Ports).
Oswegatchie
(Ogdensburg).
Champlain.
Total Now
York.
Vermont.
1871-'72
1872-73
$35, 101
24, 551
$14, 623
$9.750
52, 654
32, 465
1873-'74
50, 202
$16, 674 $148, 021
12,990
$47, 291
410, 121
71, 431
93, 290
$219, 556
748, 711
$1,325, 415
17, 136
1874-'75
18, 390
·
22, 240
511, 445
51, 351
79, 326
833, 952
27,486
1875-'76
67, 689
1, 877, 631
2,262, 441
16, 672
383, 284
74, 638
11, 721
596, 718
1870-'77
5,706
29, 104
1, 895, 585
22, 355
195, 784
14, 365
58,699
1877-'78
8, 366
455, 590
11, 597
1, 406, 681
217, 406
6, 529
69, 313
15, 189
1878-'79
2, 203
632, 711
12, 888
1, 237, 518
201, 329
8, 478
26, 019
73, 349
7, 743
565, 426
24, 512
272, 137
89, 544
480, 627
1, 429, 096
1,758, 652
23. FIRE-WOOD IMPORTED FROM 1866-'67 TO 1878-'79.
Years.
Cords.
Value.
Duties (20 per
cent.)
Years.
Cords.
Value.
Free.
1866-'67
139, 330
1867-'68
1868-'69
$234, 890 25
213,025 58
177, 917 75
$46,978 03
42, 605 12
35, 583 55
1869-'70
227,788 17
45, 557 01
1870-'71
92, 650
202,081 52
40, 416 30
1872-'73
1873-74.
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
94, 202
104, 6693
$232, 861 81
243, 108 35
•
90, 2813
219, 561 34
90, 7993
187,022 25
116, 7693
227,000 86
1871-72
1872-'73
87,952
10, 276
201,960 02
23, 574 85
40, 392 01
4,709 58
1877-'78 ...
1878-'79
117, 7461
225, 758 70
128, 216
247, 032 53
1855-'56...
1856-57..
1857-58.
1858-'59
Fire-wood and other, not specified.
$25, 157 1859-'60
29, 457
1864-'65
4, 091
1865-'66
88
$132
118
78, 861
24. CABINET AND HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE IMPORTED FROM 1854-55 TO 1863-'64.
Value.
Years.
$48, 705
1859-'60
46,781
1860-'61
47, 696
1861-62
51, 958
1862-'63
43, 171
1863-'64
Value.
$50, 680
48, 156
12, 335
301, 744
279,989
Vermont (Bur-
lington).
Total Northern
Frontier.
General total.
Niagara.
Buffalo
Creek.
Genesee.



424 IMPORTATION OF FURNITURE AND WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
Years.
1872-'73 .
1873-'74
1874-75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79.
Austria.
1864-'65.
1865-'66.
1866-67..
1867-'08.
Years.
(b.) By Districts-Continued.
25. CABINET WARE, HOUSE FURNITURE, AND ALL MANUFACTURES OF WOOD, NOT
SPECIFIED, IMPORTED FROM 1864-'65 TO 1871-'72.

Years.
Value.
Duties (35 per
cent).
Years.
$190,048 00
1868-'69.
506, 946 00
1869-'70
756,962 00
1870-'71
723,214 86
$253, 125 20
1871-'72..
26. CABINET WARE AND HOUSE FURNITURE, FINISHED AND UNFINISHED, IMPORTED
FROM 1872-73 TO 1878-'79.
Value.
Duties (35 per
cent).
$872,435 54
803, 881 54
$305,352 44
282,058 52
942, 973 37
330, 040 69
1, 245, 909 25
436, 068 27

Finished.
In pieces, or rough, and
not finished.
Value.
Duties (35 per
cent).
Value.
Duties (30 per
cent).
$448, 543 85
88, 194 58
$156, 990 35
$2,518 20
$755 46
30, 868 12
1,934 00
580 20
100, 757 70
35, 365 18
745 00
223 50
70, 574 59
24, 701 11
56 00
16 80
91, 240 15
31, 934 04
140 20
42 06
97, 280 94
112, 825 75
34,048 32
39, 489 01
3.00
90
48 00.
14 40
27. CABINET WARE, HOUSE FURNITURE, AND ALL MANUFACTURES Of Wood, not
ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED, IMPORTED FROM 1871-72 TO 1578-79.
to
(a.) By Foreign Countries.


Belgium.
Brazil.
Central Amer-
ican States.
Chili.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$437
245
$51, 323
39, 049
1873-'74
·
264
40, 700
$110
235
$15
$25, 410
34, 581
$295
$150
170
$219
2, 339
33, 140
612
1874-'75
202
35, 247
33, 752
52
1875-776
8
32, 491
1, 022
55, 452
1876-'77
1×77-'78
1878-'79
113
-
15, 064
24
24, 913
548
103
-
30
14, 106
13
13, 267
54
117
3828
28, 946
32
20
22, 561
France.
Other French Pos-
sessions besides
Africa.
Germany.
England.
Scotland.
Great Britain.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$172, 135
197, 471
$51 $564, 615
589, 863
1873-174
$357, 007
361, 892
169, 695
233
466, 841
250, 169
1874-'75
=
186, 326
8, 540
293, 913
208, 952
1875-'76
9, 670
166, 250
100
290, 657
207, 252
1876-'77
15, 941
146, 624
220, 601
1877-'78
157, 226
3, 129
140, 157
6
174, 938
$9,279
6, 758
$79 | $366, 365
70 368, 720
258, 709
218, 622
223, 193
185160, 540
$363
1, 645
1878-79
163, 542
195, 671
4,313
54
167, 938
43
181, 142
506
191, 407
3,877
78
195, 362
75
Ireland.
Total.
Gibraltar.
China.
British
Colonies.
Denmark.
Danish West
Indies.


IMPORTATION OF FURNITURE AND WOOD MANUFACTURES. 425
a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.
Years.
Ontario, Quo.
British Provinces.

1871-'72
$258, 255
$1,328
$617
1872-'73
$951
153, 949
57, 247
$208
$100
1, 153
$22
180
1873-'74
156, 969
$589
14, 815
531
47
1, 324
171
173
1874-'75
200, 913
5, 223
7,510
417
1, 380
737
1875-'76
3, 245
142, 717
7, 391
1, 073
1876-'77 ..
1, 257
108
159
1. 815
117, 004
19, 086
332
1,169
15
250
1877-'78
2,703
138, 431
17, 091
340
932
9
51
1878-'79
151, 142
10, 245
2, 557
488
504
10
505
7,317
Years.
British Colonies.
1871-'72
$181
$361, 695
$728, 060
1872-'73
$50
82
213, 530
582, 250
$28, 477
20, 375
$28, 843
1873-74
18, 836
12
179, 265
437, 974
1874-'75
22, 346
$21
27, 957
14
$153
214, 390
433, 012
1875-76
35, 216
41, 062
17
154, 537
1876-'77
377,730
25
34, 606
22
184, 954
142, 226
302, 766
1877-78
16, 785
39, 491
562
168, 167
336, 105
34
1878-'79
9, 522
7
37
94, 988
162, 642
358, 004
12, 878
119, 752
Years.
1871-'72
1872-'73
$3,026
1,272
$3, 297
$22
$162
$367
6, 652
114
$170
147
437
1873-'74
1, 080
4,727
$60
69
8
1874-'75
309
14, 523
67
30
144
$600
62
1875-'76
1, 158
6, 128
51
2, 340
1870-'77
1,023
24, 871
181
12
70
44
10
49
1877-'78
262
31, 191
10
81
319
5
1878-'79
486
17,773
6
667
Argentine Republic, $12 in 1875-76.
French Possessions in Africa, $112 in 1873–74.
426 IMPORTATION OF FURNITURE AND WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Years.
Years.
United States of Colombia.
Years.
Spain.
(a.) By Foreign Countries-Continued.

Spain and Spanish Colonies.
•vqnO
Porto Rico.
Other Span-
ish Posses-
sions.
1872-'73
1871-'72
$1, 454
1,732
$733
$87
$719
$2,993
$37
$3
372
640
2,744
17
$5
1873-'74
610
288
51
950
83
29
1874-75
32
793
109
934
178
63
1875-'70
198
265
461
5
27
1870-'77
520
410
38
362
1877-78
153
151
20
1878-79
92
1, 619
1
8888
1,330
1. 011
25
603
354
673
138
Úruguay.
Venezuela.
All other countries.
Mediterranean
Ports.
Total.
Sweden and Nor-
way.
1, 792
General Summary by Coasts and Grand
Divisions.
Europe.
1871-'72...
$594
1872-'73..
280
1873-'74..
$215 $28, 904 | $336, 728 |
20, 620
368, 890
$620, 131 $1, 159, 352
635, 734 1, 224, 447
154
$5
$50
22, 610
258, 709
1874-75...
512, 963
964, 587
112
5,873
35, 418
1875-'76..
218, 652
343, 913
784, 341
21
626
30
1876-'77...
117
$6
1,226
34, 614
223, 193
329, 280
753, 535
5. 17, 289
162, 255
262, 095
1877-78...
588, 783
625
38
4
151
9, 552
168, 019
1878-'79
221, 619
508, 309
40
12, 878
195, 443
212, 343
616, 427
General Summary by Coasts and Grand Divisions.
South America.
1871-'72.
1872-73...
$55, 777
54, 836
$162
$1,637
$594
147
1, 525
412
$15
1873-'74
66, 542
69
1, 612
610
2, 399
1874-75.
$594
427
2,909
$3, 026
$985 $1, 221, 533
1,272
640 1, 283, 299
1, 209
78, 935
284 1,037, 414
114
2, 773
5, 872
67
5, 939
309
109
1875-'70.
872, 541
244, 664
51
1, 547
1,792
1,792
1876-'77
1, 158
343
1, 003, 090
67, 612
44
1,730
1,370
12
1, 382
1877-78.
1, 047
367
798, 175
134, 807
319
1, 190
64
82
146
262
187
1878-79...
832, 267
150, 172
607
2, 139
115
20
135
603
132
924, 464
1 Including British Honduras.
Russia (Baltic), $422 in 1871-'72; $132 in 1876-'77; $205 in 1877-'78; $23 in 1878-'79.
Turkey in Europe, $391 in 1876–77.
Dutch West Indies and Guiana, $21 in 1877-'78; $15 in 1878-79.
Dutch Guiana, $11 in 1878-'79.
Atlantic Ports.
Continental
Ports on Bal-
tic and North
Seas.
Total Europe.
}
Africa.
Turkey in Asia.
Turkey in Africa.


IMPORTATION OF FURNITURE AND WOOD MANUFACTURES. 427
Years.
New Haven, Conn., $17 in 1870-'77; $10 in 1878-79.
Newark, N. J., $100 in 1877-'78.
Waldoborough, Me., $12 in 1878-79.
Years.
Baltimore.
Years.
Marblehead.
Boston and
Charlestown.
Years.
(b.) By Districts.


1871-'72..
$3, 420
$2,478
$36, 781
1872-'73..
5, 295
$42, 679
955
50, 364
1873-'74..
50, 614
7,091
322
$46
39, 765
1874-'75..
47, 224
4, 280
765
79
1875-'76..
22, 419
27, 543
4,530
$43
419
$5
211
1876-'77..
12, 557
17, 722
1, 761
631
$240
25
9, 814
1877-'78..
12, 231
2,261
1, 069
15
45
1878-79..
7, 887
11, 277
1, 049
665
59
10, 197
11, 982
55
Fall River.
New Bedford.
1871-'72..
$7
$44, 139
$717
1872-'73..
82, 625
$10
293
$92
1873-'74..
$1, 458
68, 013
1874-75..
45, 790
1875-'76.
-
30, 977
1876-77..
1877-'78..
1878-'79..
21, 922
36, 343
38, 292
6
11
31
1
413
Petersburg.
Richmond.
Norfolk and
Portsmouth.
Beaufort, N. C.
1871-'72..
1872-'73..
$29, 202
37, 851
$129
$1
$16
$312
$344
$900
475
1, 681
58
1873-'74.. 31, 762
40
4
445
274
1874-'75.. 24, 969
11
335
$40
130
525
'1875-'76.. 25, 153
139
3
$6
1876-'77.. 10, 374
1877-'78.. 13, 667
45
忠​想
​1, 286
83
311
3
1878-79..
10, 381
•
9
24
537
7
55
790
1871-'72..
$335
1872-'73..
$16
124
$8
$41, 741
26, 325
$166
$1, 322
$385
$806
$154
422
144
700
29
58
1873-74..
243
21, 032
284
290
6
1, 127
1874-75..
5
950
19, 601
1, 123
27
3, 818
144
1875-'76..
528
31
9, 610
638
5
623
942
1876-'77..
14
348
23
8, 447
345
8
12
3, 234
5
1877-78..
6
152
56
14, 188
804
6
148
1,742
4
1878-79..
134
10
7, 466
5
41
2,260
Paso del Norte.
Wilmington.
}
Beaufort, S. C.
Newport.
Providence.
New London.
New York.
Philadelphia.
$244 | $1,070, 515
1,039, 997
$11, 121
34, 683
799, 307
44, 118
656, 641
31, 699
634, 131
61, 623
461, 880
102, 022
496, 359
38, 622
586, 459
41, 578
Charleston.
Savannah.
$15



428 IMPORTATION OF FURNITURE AND WOOD MANUFACTURES.
Saint Augustine, Fla., $8 in 1877-'78.
Mobile, Ala., $14 in 1878-'79.
Saint Mark's, Fla., $13 in 1878-79.
Miami, Ohio, $42 in 1877-78.
Years.
New England
Coast.
Middle Atlan-
tic Coast.
Years.
Years.
Years.
Total Texas.
San Diego.
San Francisco.
(b.) By Districts—Continued.

Oregon.
Willamette.
1871-'72..
1872-'73..
1873-'74..
$2,833
1, 353
$52,136
96, 699
$756
$922
$78
212
549
1, 707
$23
66
$501
71, 458
1874-'75..
1, 762
$333
472
15
5, 112
162
339
30
88, 416
$27
652
390
32
1875-'76..
2,208
170
115
230, 172
187
436
512
1870-'77..
383
3, 604
68, 688
1877-78..
2, 704
2
86, 504
1878-'79..
2,306
82, 480
88888
97
89
785
175
21
132
118
27
839
197
92
237
109
28
682
209
32
115
253
Michigan.
Huron.
1871-72..
$574
$90
$25
1872-'73..
1, 064
3,073
589
1873-74..
964
879
34
1874-75..
712
136
$11, 301
9, 273
10, 817
11, 294
$3,845
6,746
18,771
$687
145
$213
11, 171
1875-76..
1, 187
$121
808
7, 650
1, 101
355
$60
7,435
11, 883
87
1876–77..
515
417
309
10
4. 497
1877-78..
1878-79..
1, 165
13, 647
148
545
26
50
22
32
27
7, 239
7,061
1
121
423
444
6, 621
8,966
127
1871-'72
$51, 787
1872-73
7,915
$1,357
1,556
$742
$480
$1,375
664
1873-'74
573
893
8, 025
$40, 969
16, 364
$32, 904
$66, 603
6, 267
25, 111
478
36, 162
1874-75
205
558
10, 253
19, 015
4,391
36, 771
195
25, 164
1875-'76
150
1, 561
18, 147
3, 916
1, 746
1, 547
80, 818
222
37, 862
1870-'77
718
13, 345
2,363
18, 939
22, 493
992
43, 542
160
1877-'78
602
24, 413
15, 358
31, 321
1878-'79
2, 422
13, 767
24, 765
113
732
24, 840
20, 022
37, 154
4
892
4 735
34, 283
623
16, 675
15, 114
41, 191
Southern At-
lantic Coast.
General Summary by Coasts and Frontier.
1871-'72.
1872-'73..
1873-'74.
$87, 802
191, 446
$1,
110, 968
1, 108, 906
$672
1,755
-
155, 002
$44,909
27, 810
875, 227
$53, 814
97, 483
1874-'75.
723
22,982
95, 796
713, 655
74, 208
709
$168, 817
112, 740
121, 480
$1,510, 994
1, 497, 803
1875-'76.
25, 663
1, 209, 857
61, 480
721, 046
89, 553
1876-77...
1,378
178, 597
34, 181
12, 377
1,081, 565
574, 276
231, 310
373
130, 186
1, 155, 231
1877-'78.
12, 422
47, 651
69, 758
548, 667
107, 165
558
1878-79...
50, 752
17, 102
798, 175
638, 752
87, 661
853
130, 488
9, 943
832, 267
83, 431
141, 083
924, 464
犟
​Gulf Coast.
Pacific Coast.
Northern
Frontier.
Total.
Cape Vincent.
Oswegatchie.
Champlain.
Vermont.
Detroit.
Sandusky.
Cuyahoga.
Erie.
Puget Sound.
Alaska.
Minnesota.
Duluth.
IMPORTATION OF FINE WOODS.
429
Years.
All other cabinet woods
Woods, other, not specified
Do
All other cabinet woods
Do....
Do..
Do..
Grenadillo, and
all cabinet
woods not oth-
erwise speci-
Box, Lance-wood,
fied.
Box.
-
Years.
Box.
28. CABINET AND OTHER FINE WOODS, IMPORTED SINCE 1855-'56.
(a.) Unmanufactured, specified by kinds and valueɛ.
Cedar, Grenadillo, Rose, Satin, and Mahogany
1855-'56
$440, 246
Do..
1856-'57
518, 251
Lignum-vitæ and all other...
1861-'62
51, 118
Box, Rosewood Grenadillo, and all cabinet woods not specified
1862-'63
13, 468
Do...
1804-'65
47, 680
Do...
1805-'66
75, 449
Do...
1860-'67
79, 084
Do...
1867-'68
99, 074
Cedar.
Ebony.
Grenadillo.
Lance-wood.
1857-'58...
1858-'59..
$7,507
2,993
$58, 467
34, 796
$2, 365 $1, 586
4,838
$14, 083 $217, 731
$81, 440
$835
1859-'60.
7,790
12, 507
296
80, 238
263, 635
148, 971
7,348
1860-'61.
5, 340
1,200
7,353
527, 770
56, 023
226, 453
3, 378
2,992
1861-'62..
6, 996
$90
17,854
212, 131
66, 481
167, 905
3,724
1,842
1862-'63.
-
152, 681
64, 752
24, 816
1,867
1803-'64.
1864-'65....
1865-'66...
43, 372
178, 319
122, 317
99, 869
5, 640
24, 242
144, 657
127, 417
190, 452
10, 433
20, 412
97, 602
193, 873
8, 564
136, 243
1866-'67.
1867-'68..
59, 450
280, 115
146, 146
121, 735
19, 271
43, 369
244, 098
88,400
12, 168
72, 563
26, 216
137, 649
71, 704
(b.) Fine cabinet woods.
Cedar-
1869-'70...
$200, 895 00
1870-'71
1871-'72
122,526 00
129, 063 00
1872-'73
$35, 919 00 |
1873-'74
1874-75.
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79.
36, 679 00
44, 319 00
31,008 00
26,842 00
30,137 00
18, 502 00
$87,653 50
140,707 00
223, 504 84
171, 705 00
303, 755 16
$9,586 00
28, 511 00
21,993 00
30,066 00
21,550 00
237,802 82
146,876 75
103, 109 50
30,777 00
25, 440 00
18,778 00
160,540 00
192, 688 00
41,875 00
$2, 128 00
1,653 00
384 00
351 00
$322 00
1,632 00
535 00
1,076 00
9, 249 00
4,002 00
43,055 00
964 00
5,740 00
Ebony.
Grenadillo.
Lance-wood.
Years.
Value.
1857-'58
1858-'59
$260
670
1859-'60
1, 114
1860-'61
1863-'04
3,200
50, 990
1868-69
686, 361
1869-'70
670, 131
Lignum-vitæ.
Mahogany.
Rosc.
Satin.
Years.
Value.



430
IMPORTATION OF FINE WOODS.
Fine Cabinet Woods-Continued.

Years.
Lignum-vitæ.
Mahogany.
Rose.
Sandal.
Other
spoom
cabinet
not
specified.
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
$28,380 00
11, 587 00
$134, 561 00
173, 806 00
28, 661 00
128, 196 00
1872-'73.
$185, 445 00
361, 574 00
265, 037 00
...
90, 144 00
138, 040 00
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
199, 859 00
$3,517 00
266 00
→
57, 891 00
158, 379 00
208, 160 00
•
63,556 00
166, 428 00
1875-'76.
117,650 00
43, 014 00
94, 738 00
1876-'77.
38, 550 00
23, 250 00
1877-'78.
161, 826 00
67, 120 00
799 00
830 00
$177, 657 00
194, 614 43
202,837 00
179,470 00
1,384 00
174,220 00
56, 124 00
80, 165 00
1878-'70.
93, 000 00
19, 781 00
182, 283 00
106, 811 00
138 00
56 00
188, 813 50
152, 168 00
Total value of Fine Cabinet Woods.

Years.
Value.
1870-'71..
$646, 520 50
1873-'74
1871-'72.
838, 711 00
1874-'75
1872-73...
799, 971 84
1875-'76
Years.
Value.
$846, 106 00
1876-'77
984, 313 59
1877-'78
864,703 62
1878-'79
Years.
Value.
$462, 886 59
655, 145 50
722, 048 00
[Discriminating duties of small amount have been collected upon Box, Ebony, Mahogany, Rose, and
Sandal Wood, in some cases.
(c.) Comparison of importation of several of the Fine Woods, in manufactured and un-
manufactured state, from 1857-'58 to 1860–61.

Years.
Cedar.
Ebony.
Grenadillo.
1857-'58
1858-'59
$1,922
3, 214
$58, 467
$1,029
$2, 365
34, 796
$1,586
621
1859-'60
4,838
1860-'61
22
1,329
80, 238
$1, 465
7,790
598
7.348
56, 033
5, 340
219
3,378
56
6, 996
Mahogany.
Rose.
Satin.
Unmanufactured.
Years.
1857-'68..
1858-'59.
$9,978
14, 000
$217, 731 $12, 165 $81, 440
$254
$835
$5, 707 $14, 083
263, 635
9, 480 148, 971
66
1859-'60.
2,993
872
327, 770
1860-'61.
15, 414
212, 131
9,027 226, 453
6, 931 167, 905
167,
103
1, 133
2,922
3,724
296
12, 507
7,353
$260
10,382
1, 114
1, 200❘ 17, 854
3, 200
IMPORTATION OF WILLOW WARES, ETC.
431
28.-ALL OTHER MANUFACTURES OF WOOD NOT SPECIFIED IMPORTED FROM 1855-56
TO 1861-'62.
1855-'56
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-59
·
1859-'60
1860-'61
$429, 915
301, 179
288, 334
239, 057
297, 793
1861-'02
244, 877
209, 542
Manufactured Cedar, Mahogany, Rose, and Satin Wood, 1855-'56, $22,307; 1856-57, $15,185.
1854-'55
1855-'56...
1856-'57
1857-'58
1858-'59
1859-'60.
1860-'61..
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
1867-'68..
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
-
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
-
1875-'76
-
30. WILLOW AND WILLOW WARES IMPORTED FROM 1854-55 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Manufactured and unmanufactured, 1854-'55 to 1860–261.

Years.
Willow, manufac-
tured.
Willow, unmanu!
factured.
$132,
058
$45, 459
125, 808
36, 554
175, 484
41, 773
112, 725
35, 141
125, 617
38,359
143, 495
39,556
87, 671
33, 642
(b.) Willow and Willow Wares and manufactures, 1861-'62 to 1878-79.
Years.
Willow or Osier, prepared
for use.
Willow or Osier baskets,
and wares of like material.
Value.
Duties (30 per
cent).
Value.
Dutics (35 per
cent)
$28, 028 00
57, 907 00
39, 078 00
27,545 00
37,512 00
50,715 00
39, 935 00
$5,605 60
11, 581 40
7, 815 00
$88, 803 00
225, C60 00
$31,081 05
78, 981 00
202,408 CO
70, 842 80
5, 509 00
170, 179 00
59, 562 65
7,502 40
178, 689 CO
02, 562 50
15, 214 50
204, 409 00
71, 543 15
11, 980 50
203, 572 75
71,950 47
48,884 00
14, 605 20
265, 140 00
92,800 76
37, 478 00
11,243 40
228, 056 50
79, 819 78
34, 082 00
10, 224 60
195, 154 94
68, 304 23
34, 282 00
10, 284 60
162, 785 41
56, 974 89
31, 440 00
9,432 00
146, 270 00
51, 194 50
24, 268 00
7,280 40
118,626 86
15,966 00
4,789 80
91, 445 38
9, 142 00
2, 742 60
84, 215 83
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79 .
41.519 40
32,005 88
29, 475 54
1861-'62, Willow and Willow Wares, $36,199; 1862-'63, Willow and Willow Wares, $89,916; 1803-'04,
Willow and Willow Wares, $139,353.
432
IMPORTATION OF VARIOUS FOREST PRODUCTS.
31. BAMBOOS, STICKS, JOINTS, AND REEDS IMPORTED FROM 1869-70 TO 1878-79.

Years.
Bamboos, unmanufactured.
ured.
Rattans and Reeds, unmanufact-
Sticks, crude, viz: All Partridge,
Hair-wood, Pimento, Orange,
Myrtle, Bamboo, Reeds, and
Sticks and Canes in the rough,
or only cut into lengths for use.
1869-'70.
1870-'71.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
1875-76...
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-79...
$18,608 00
12,099 00
6, 111 00
5,696 00
3,364 00
2,750 00
5, 150 00
6, 087 00
$17,022 00
325, 266 00
217,576 00
317, 582 00
271,463 00
327,935 00
$2,249 64
1,927 00
7, 190 00
7,937 15
188, 736 00
218, 280 00
9, 366 45
245,557 76
5, 739 00
377, 042 00
8,385 00
32. FOREIGN TREES, PLANTS, SHRUBS, ETC., ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE
UNITED STATES FROM 1869-70 TO 1878-79.
1869-'70.
1870-'71...
1871-'72..
1872-73.
1872-'73.
1873-'74..
1874-'75.
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
=
1878-79.
(Values and Duties.)
Trees, plants, shrubs, fruit, and
ornamental.
Evergreen brush.
Years.
Duties.
Value.
Value.
30 per cent. 20 per cent.
ad valorem. ad valorem.
Duties (10
per cent.
ad valo-
rem.).
↓
$36, 980 17
$11, 094 05
37,585 67
11, 275 70
113, 224 38
33, 967 31
12, 247 00
3, 674 10
61, 296 01
46,510 67
73, 743 65
$12, 259 20
9, 302 13
$61 00
77 00
$6 10
7 70
14,748 73
89,989 45
17,997 89
63, 565 00
12,713 00
57, 703 77
11,540 75
16, 568 24
82, 841 20
33. NAVAL STORES IMPORTED FROM 1862-'63 TO 1878-79.
(a.) Quantities and Values, 1862-'63 to 1868–69.

Rosin.
Tar.
Spirits of Turpentine.
Years.
Tar and
pitch.
Pounds.
Value.
Barrels.
Value.
Gallons.
Value.
1862-'63
1863-'64
2, 164, 484
$133, 898
907
1864-'65
34, 953
2, 181
1865-'66
$7,875 00
43, 499 00
136,448
376, 117
$175, 761 00
493, 939 00
96, 598
11, 561
3, 361
18, 186 00
1866-'67
4,368 00
25, 169
4, 168
1, 120
4,363 00
161
1867-'68
2,389 00
1,029
567 00
292
1868-'69
$864
1, 143
1,099
778 00
831 52
963 22
NOTES. The rosin imported in 1863-'64 came from the following countries: Germany, 1,180 pounds;
Great Britain, 1, 193,954; Canada, 260; British West Indies, and Central and South America, 26, 157;
France, 138,973; Spanish West Indies, 2,700; New Grenada and Venezuela, 2,700.
Of spirits of turpentine imported the same year, 180 gallons came from Germany, 400 from Holland,
218,890 from Great Britain, 51,740 from France, 284 from the Spanish West Indies, 178 from Austria,
and 1,316 from Mexico.
IMPORTATION OF NAVAL STORES, FARM MATERIALS, ETC.
433
f
(a.) Quantities, values, and duties, from 1869-'70 to 1878-79.
Tar from the Pine.
Pitch.
Years.
Duties (20
Duties (20
Quantity.
(Barrels.)
Value.
per cent.
ad valo-
rem).
Quantity.
(Barrels.)
Value.
per cent.
ad valo-
rem).
1869-'70
1870-'71..
10, 584
1, 231
$16, 499 00
$3,299 80
$443 25
$88 65
3,287 60
657 54
1,745 00
349 00
1871-'72
9,719 05
1, 943 81
760 00
152 00
1872-'73
735
3,795 93
759 19
21
148 00
29 60
1873-'74
163
565 26
113 04
1874-'75.
4251
2, 501 35
500 27
60 00
12 00
1875-76
·
435
1,817 00
363 40
503 00
100 60
1876-'77
258
1, 005 00
201 00
130 00
21.00
1877-'78
1878-'79
Rosin.
Years.
Duties (20
Quantity.
(Barrels.)
Value.
per cent. Quantity.
ad valo- (Gallons.)
Value.
rem).
Spirits of Turpentine.
Duty (30
cents per
gallon).
1874-75
10, 334
$648 80
$129, 76
2
$5 00
$0 60
1875-'76
11, 927
694 00
138 80
53
35 00
15 00
1876-'77
10, 098
687 00
137 40
57.5
53 00
17 25
1877-'78..
1878-'79.
6
4 00
1 80
26.5
13 63
7 95
34. TANNING MATERIALS OF FOREST PRODUCT IMPORTED IN RECENT YEARS.
[1.] BARKS FOR TANNING IMPORTED FROM 1870-'71 to 1878-79.
(a.) Hemlock Bark, Cords and Value.
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75..
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
•
•
Years.
Cords.
Value.
48, 912
38853
45, 300
$10, 520 00
194,792 00
157, 174 85
194, 208 00
46, 0723
194, C49 00
48, 146
184, 634 00
79, 713
310, 495 00
106, 781
412, 259 50
69, 882
259, 363 50
(b.) Oak Bark.
20 cords, worth $80, imported in 1876-77; 80 cords, worth
1878-'79.
in 1876–77; and 14 cords, worth $6, in
28 FOR
11



434
IMPORTATION OF BARKS FOR TANNING.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-74..
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
Years.
Years.
Years.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
-
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Italy, $6 in 1878-'79.
Germany, $60 in 1877-78.
Passamaquoddy.
Portland and
Falmouth.
Years.
England.
Canada (Quebec,
&c.).
[2.] "BARKS FOR TANNING," LMPORTED FROM 1871-'72 TO 1878–79.
(a.) Foreign Countries.

Nova Scotia, &c.
British Austra-
lia.
Chili.
$195, 469
146, 113
188, 104
$10, 863
5, 285
$37
30
$92 $63
1
$17
179, 962
13, 972
$1
167, 884
16, 748
190
381, 446
31, 069
234, 336
25, 463
(b.) By Districts.
Salem and Bev-
erly.
and
Boston
Charlestown.
1871-'72...
$198
$52
$641
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
$10, 848
3,752
$63
15
200
$1
135
1874-75.
1, 695
109
13, 440
532
1875-'76.
10, 896
972
1876-77.
4,880
194
1877-'78.
12, 693
12, 202
6, 219
60
1878-'79...
23, 304
1,507
658
18
30
Chicago.
Milwaukeo.
Huron.
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75...
$333
$3,860
$567
11, 411
$15, 591
12, 791
16, 826
$900
$920
1875-76..
5, 019
1, 657
28, 216
9, 580
1876-'77..
1877-'78.
9, 048
4, 617
34, 314
1878-'79..
3, 199
485
Pacific Coast, $129 in 1871-'72-
Niagara, $8,010 in 1877-'78 and $2,051 in 1878-79.
Oswego.
Oswegatchie.
Champlain.
Vermont.
12, 672
General Summary.
Atlantic
and Gulf
Coasts.
$4
$2,044
13, 023
$142, 728*
111, 003
$954
$386
11, 576
4,000
$194, 578
146, 113
$195, 631
157, 689
153, 455
15
5, 601
4, 197
188, 628
140, 910
194, 319
13, 972
1, 606
179, 962
152, 066
193, 934
16, 942
167, 884
184, 826
12
6, 222
312, 439
31, 174
381, 401
1, 124
412, 575
209, 584
25, 517
234, 336
259, 853
Northern
Frontier.
Total.
Cuyahoga.
New York.
Buffalo Creek.
$28, 138
8,730
3, 360
1, 605
2,975
6, 639
5, 221
Key West.
New Orleans.
San Francisco.
$512
$129
1
Cuba.
30
France.
Mexico.
$465 $200
Netherlands.

IMPORTATION OF SUMAC, DYE-WOODS, ETC.
435
|
[3.] SUMAC IMPORTED IN RECENT YEARS.
(a.) By Foreign Countries in 1866-'67 and 1867–268.
(Quantities and Values.)
1866-'67.
1867-'68.

Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Austria
England
Scotland
163, 700
$3,841
1, 005, 467
$36, 118
255, 077
8,785
Italy.
France (Mediterranean Ports)
23, 097
750
441, 300
13, 230
26, 370
791
Sicily
420, 833
45, 105
40, 418
Spain (Mediterranean Ports).
12, 341, 593
477, 449
10,918, 306
3, 188
438, 464
1,280
54
Total
13, 790, 421
559, 421
11, 892, 450
468, 362
1874-'75.
1875-76...
1876-'77..
1877-'78.
1878-'79.
1869-'70..
1870-'71.
1871-'72...
(b.) Total Quantities and Values, 1874-75 to 1878–79.

Years.
Quantities
(Pounds).
Values.
16, 543, 548
17, 642, 460
21, 430, 641
15, 068, 581
$533,713 00
624, 169 00
736, 390 00
508, 247 00
Duties (10 per
cent. ad vid-
lorem).
$53, 371 30
62, 416 90
73,639 00
50,824 70
12, 981, 675
394, 631 00
39, 463 10
35. DYE-WOODS IMPORTED IN STICKS 1869-70 TO 1878-'79.
(a.) Quantities and Falues 1869-'70 to 1871-'72.

Years.
Cwt.
Value.
Discriminating
duties.
1,491, 6563
1, 062, 949
1, 615, 084
$1, 330, 831 46
647, 224 02
1,009,400 01
$130 30
(b.) Kinds, Quantities, and Values 1872-'73 to 1878–79.

Camwood.
Fustic.
Years.
Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
1872-'73
351.25 $28, 053 00
1873-74
190.25
15, 618 00
1874-75
..
291. 10
1675-'76...
248.50
1877-'78
1878-'79
1876-'77 ... 408.30
641.55
565.15
27,691 00
22,719 00
42, 547 00
72, 111 01
58,291 007, 499. 65 |
6, 856.75
3,799. 75
3, 306. 05
8,720.40
4, 049. 13
3,283.50
$128, 495 00
63, 788 00
54, 047 00
176, 989 14
71, 676 00
51, 633 00
127, 676 00
Logwood.
All other kinds.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
45, 983. 70
32, 409. 75
32, 492.00
57, 548. 50 | 1, 160, 847 00 8, 732. 56
46, 581. 25 848, 443 779,
9, 240.80
63.422. 101, 133, 285 66 11, 568. 95
61, 517. 151, 103, 321 02 | 5, 338. 35
$641, 697 00
459,781 00
691, 972 00
8, 615.70
5, 394.00
13, 933. 00
$131, 620 00
114, 707 00
341, 211 61
260,125 00
238, 072 00
182, 540 05
135,817 00
436
IMPORTATION OF NUTS.
36. NUTS IMPORTED FROM 1869-70 TO 1878-79.
Almonds.'
Years.
Not shelled.
Shelled.
Quantity
(Pounds).
Value.
Duties (6
cents per
pound).
Quantity
(Pounds).
Duties (10
Value.
cents per
pound).
1869-'70
1870-'71
-
1871-'72
1,950, 028
2,579, 566
3, 121, 728 |
1872-'73
3, 399, 400
1873-'74
·
3, 174, 478
307, 435 00
1874-'75
•
2, 905, 430
325, 095 11
1875-'76
2, 289, 041
282, 827 77
1876-'77
1, 533, 358
164, 953 90
1877-78
2,089, 134
219, 578 15
1878-'79
1,838, 450
208, 965 00
$241, 957 00
277, 785 75
296, 486 00
323, 937 08
$117, 301 68
151, 773 96
187,303 68
203,964 00
190, 468 68
174, 325 80
137, 342 49
179, 009 01
1, 026, 540 | 175, 114 57
1, 103. 489 | 168, 896 62
1,063, 034 | 161,478 20
1, 040, 466 | 162, 429 28
1, 028, 654 180, 279 09
1,038, 330
653, 101
850, 8623
1
102, 654 00
110,348 90
106,303 40
104, 046 60
102, 865 40
103,833 05
65, 310 10
85,086 25
¹ In 1872 Almond Shells were reported valued at $8,733; duty (10 per cent. ad valorem) $873.30; the
same free to value of $1,773 in 1873; $423 in 1874; and $31 in 1875.
716, 506 $134, 343 00
$71,650 00
1, 067, 0363
106,703 68
92, 001 48
125, 348 04
110,307 00
172, 125 50
119,776 85
161, 008 79

Filberts and walnuts.
Cocoa-nuts (25 per cent.
ad valorem).
Years.
Quantity
(Pounds).
Value.
Duties (3
cents per
pound).
Value.
Duties.
1869-'70.
1870-'71..
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
-
3,667, 092
5, 834, 931
4,660, 6832
4,862, 538
5,097, 472 |
$178, 046 50
269, 043 95
256, 389 00
299, 739 13
$110, 012 76
$110, 723 09
$27,680 78
|
175,
175, 047 93
52, 481 77
13, 120 44
139, 820 51
7
►
145, 876 13
344, 188 72
152, 924 16
·
1875-'76.
1876-'77.
5, 502, 571
4,317, 841
3, 198, 549 |
357,284 38
165, 077 13
235, 704 94
1877-'78.
1878-79...
4,834, 452
5,099, 211
187, 164 12
268,926 00
291, 351 00
129,535 23
95,956 47
145, 033 56
152, 976 33
Cocoa-nuts (10 per cent.
ad valorem).
Other nuts not otherwise specified.
Years.

Duties (2
Value.
Duties.
Quantity.
Value.
cents per
pound).
1869-'70.
1870-71.
1871-72.
1872-73.
1873-74.
-
·
1874-75.
1875-'76.
-
1876-77..
1877-'78...
1878-79...
$156, 991 73
205, 972 32
15, 668 02
$15, 699 18
20,597 23
1, 566 81
2,019, 761
3, 230, 596
2, 397, 280
978, 973
407, 443
399, 338
$97,910 40
107, 588 94
103, 035 86
44, 485 70
15, 648 64
$40, 395 24
64, 611 93
47,945 60
19,579 46
8,148 86
14, 439 71
7,986 75
419, 606
15, 698 61
8, 392 12
302, 812
13, 552 90
6, 056 25
241, 300
10, 242 82
315, 983
12,968 57
4,826 01
6,319 66
SHIPMENTS BETWEEN NEW YORK AND SAN FRANCISCO. 437
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79.
1869-'70
1870-'71.
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
III.—Shipment of Forest Products between New York and San Francisco, via the Isthmus of
Darien, 1869-'70 to 1878-79.
1. FROM NEW YORK TO SAN FRANCISCO.

Boards, Clapboards,
Deals, Planks,
Joists, and Scant-
Pot and Pearl Ashes.
Naval Stores.
Years.
Rosin and Turpen-
tine.
Tar and Pitch.
ling.
Pounds. Value.
Barrels. Value.
Barrels.
Value.
M feet. Value.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
13, 625
$1,250
694
$3,420
70
$410
1872-'73
1 $970
30
104
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
32, 255
12,000
8,350
3, 594
300
1, 419
42
154
3
125
3,750
506
710
1, 770
204
419
1,000
2, 228
12
36
1876-'77
250
941
30
973
1877-'78
1878-'79
•
313
639
715
2, 045
5
100
Years
¹Lumber not specified.

Shooks, Staves,
and Heading
(value).
All other Lum-
ber (value).
Logs, Masts,
Spars, and other
whole Timber
(value).
Household Fur-
niture (value).
Wooden Ware
(value).
All other manu-
factured goods
not
specified
(value).
$5,
100
12, 160
$1,419
$12,
100
45, 119
$305
6, 177
22, 005
33, 959
625
13, 545
31, 230
153, 035
783
$1,060
78, 481
$976
180, 172
721
19, 760
1, 173
227, 096
198, 496
347
5, 108
762
35, 871
150
85,556
6, 087
2,031
7, 547
1, 930
59, 603
143, 554
27, 249
61, 446
59,
490
29,
113
62, 744
2. FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO NEW YORK.

Naval Stores (Tar
and Pitch).
Years.
Barrels.
Value.
Logs, Masts,
Spars, and other
whole Timber
(value).
All other Timber
(value).
Household Fur-
niture (value).
All other wood-
en articles
(value).
$100
$115
$580
25
5
$75
1,200
822
130
$465
2,670
740
7,315
1,080
54
425
8, 676
1,305
3,070
336
1, 550
150
5, 145
805
Boards, Clapboards, Deals, Planks, Joists, and Scantling, 25 M ($826) in 1877-'78, and 27 M ($825) in
1878-79; Shingles, $1,615 in 1877-'78, and 275 M $1,265) in 1878-'79.
The value of Foreign Woods (unmanufactured) sent from San Francisco to New York, via the Isth-
inus, was $5,140 in 1871-'72, $3,600 in 1872-'73, and $368 in 1874-'75.
438
LUMBER UPON THE SAINT JOHN RIVER.
IV.-Statement of Lumber, &c., the Produce of the State of Maine, upon the Saint John and
Saint Croix Rivers, and their Tributaries, owned by American Citizens, and Sawed or Hewn
in the Province of New Brunswick, by American Citizens, and admitted Free of Duty into
the United States since 1868, under the Treaty of Washington, dated November 10, 1842,
and the Acts of Congress dated March 16 and June 1, 1866.
Years.
Boards, Clapboards,
Deals, Plank, Joists,
and Scantling.
Laths, Palings, Pick-
Broon. Handles, and
ets, Curtain Sticks,
Bed Slats.
Shingles.
and Headings
(value).
Shooks. Staves,
All other Lumber
(value).

M feet. Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71.
1871-'72
1872-'73
...
58,344
$648, 487
39, 674
$55, 480
68, 850
78, 076
780, 398
48, 526
$229, 574
72, 445
$2,293
60, 152
$16, 123
157, 205
641, 740
183, 808
50, 235
2,356
72, 033
44, 524
413, 824
665, 589
127, 625
317, 447
61, 729
9,807
2, 420
34.577
69,300
96, 957
700, 077
60, 242
1873-'74
82, 311
3, 148
42, 820
-
42, 456
120, 745
401, 318
1874-'75
54, 834
68, 893
4,397
-
44, 765
44, 275
125, 167
478,705
1875-'76.
46, 499
60, 088
375
28, 981
30, 811
79, 666
321, 506
1876-77
36, 836
505
41, 670
23, 123
·
33, 870
314, 752
58,748
43, 772
275
1877-'78
1878-'79
46,707
26, 471
25, 689
235, 211
54, 530
39, 997
47, 388
1,500
42, 813
15,713
356, 751
31, 391
38, 822
1, 500
43, 063
20, 942
40, 022
66
359
Years.
1868-'60
$60
1869-'70
$197
1870-'71
1, 481
1871-'72
$1,042
11, 356
30, 802
1$2,604
27,983
7,423
3544
1872-'73
7,387
$6,680
1, 129
793
1,847
$958, 894
1,053, 589
872, 825
868, 003
5, 791
1873-'74
38, 459
4$1, 478
200
278
49, 594
953, 458
73, 751
1874-'75
5992
2, 791
64, 418
723, 159
1875-'76
1, 257
2, 862
687, 501
192
8, 700
1876-'77
1, 423
500
43, 908
432, 514
1877-'78
2, 153
475
2, 893
467, 418
375
14, 394
1878-'79
1, 801
400
2,447
1,000
334, 907
48, 441
1, 174
500
491, 476
1317 M feet.
2905 M feet.
32,919 cubic feet.
4 305 cords.
5248 cords.
#
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE
OF
CANADA.
439
1
THE TIMBER RESOURCES AND TIMBER TRADE OF
CANADA.
From the geographical position of Canada and the United States, and
the natural and artificial routes of transportation that exist along the
line, and across the boundary between them, it is reasonable to expect
that the interests of trade will, in the future as in the past, draw from
the timber resources of both countries for their respective wants, so long
as either of them has these commodities to supply. Besides this common
interest in the forests, for meeting the demand for consumption, both
countries have, for a long period, been competitors in the foreign lumber
and timber trade, and have shared alike in the vicissitudes that have
attended it.
It therefore appears proper to present, in connection with the statistics
already given concerning our foreign commerce in forest products, as full
information as can be derived from official and trustworthy sources, as to
the nature and extent of this business in Canada, extending back to the
date of the present Dominion Government, and in some instances to an
earlier period. The series of tables that we present will sufficiently
represent the tendencies of the trade during the years they embrace,
and its extent as compared one Province with another, and in different
years.
The great prominence of the timber interest of Canada has in recent
years led to thoughtful inquiries into the extent of these resources, a
synopsis of which will be first presented.
I.-RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
1. Inquiries concerning the Timber Interests of Canada.
A Select Standing Committee on Immigration and Colonization, ap-
pointed by the Dominion Parliament, has at recent sessions thought
proper to institute inquiries having reference to the condition of the
forests of the country, and the extent, value, and prospects of the lumber
trade. The chairman in the session of 1878, (Mr. James Trow,) in
introducing the subject remarked:
That the actual condition of the timber supply of the Dominion was a subject of
the utmost importance, and one that deserved the special attention of the committee.
It involved not merely the prosperity of the greatest of the manufacturing industries
of the country, and the main staple of its foreign commerce, but exercised also a con-
trolling influence in regulating the extent of future settlements, inasmuch as the
forests tempered the climate by rendering it more equable-maintained the regular
flow in rivers by preventing inundations, and furnished new settlements with the
cheapest building material and fuel.
Mr. Stewart Thayne, an English journalist of some years' experience,
who had for the last five years been engaged in researches having refer-
ence to the lumber interest, and who had been for two and a half years
exclusively engaged in studying this subject of timber resources in
441
442
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
Canada, appeared before the committee, and gave in substance the
following information:
"The advantages which Great Britain derives from the Canadian sup-
ply of timber are numerous, the principal being-
"1. The best quality of Canadian pine is the most valued of the soft
woods used in the United Kingdom.
"2. The dimensions of the soft woods shipped from Canada are larger
than can be procured from the timber-producing countries of Europe.
"3. The colonial supply maintains a healthy competition in the trade,
decidedly favorable to the interests of the British consumers.
"This trade affords employment for a large amount of British and
colonial tonnage.
"The kinds of wood exported are, among the hard woods, oak, elm,
ash, birch, &c., and of soft woods, the white and red pine, and spruce.
"The dimensions now exported are less than formerly. It was quite
usual for the square-timber shipped from the Saint Lawrence about
thirty years ago to average from 70 to 75 cubic feet per log, whereas,
at the present day, the average of the season's log crop does not range
beyond 55 cubic feet. Then, in regard to the quality, it was no unusual
thing at the period just referred to, for the pine rafts to yield from 70 to
80 per cent. of first quality of wood. I think it would be within the
mark to state that the pine at present sent to the Quebec market does not
furnish 20 per cent. of first quality. About two years ago I took the
trouble to ascertain the qualities of the stock wintering at Quebec, and
the estimate I then found was lower than the one just quoted; indeed,
the deals, in my opinion, did not show 15 per cent. Perhaps, however,
some allowance should be made for the fact that this stock was that
which was left after the season's shipments.
"The quantity of lumber that passes through the lakes and down the
Saint Lawrence is comparatively small, and I am not of opinion that it
is all of the first quality. The British Board of Trade Returns estimates
the value of the Canadian wood imported during the year 1877 at some-
thing like $26,000,000. The total imports of hewn timber, during the
year, amounted to 103,980,650 cubic feet, of which quantity British North
America furnished 24,286,000, or a little less than one-fourth. This in-
cluded every description of wood not sawn or split. Of sawn wood there
was imported during the same period 228,637,400 feet, of which the Do-
minion supplied 62,810,600 cubic feet. So that in rough numbers it may
be said that Canada supplied the United Kingdom with one-fourth of its
timber imports. The total estimated value of these imports, exclusive
of furniture woods, is set down at £19,705,447, and the value of the Ca-
nadian goods at £5,500,000 sterling. It may be gathered from these
figures that a higher value is given to the Canadian produce than to that
received from other countries.
"In respect to the present timber trade of Canada, as compared with
that of thirty or forty years ago, there is a very great difference in the
proportion. For instance, in the year 1831 the total importation of hewn
wood into Great Britain amounted to 28,109,950 cubic feet, and of this
quantity, 20,943,950 cubic feet were sent from British North America.
"In 1832, 1833, 1834, and indeed up to 1840, Canadian shipments held
their position; the total quantity imported by Great Britain is gradually
increasing, but the exports from this country do not bear the same ratio
to the general trade. Thus, in the latter year, the total importation of
hewn wood reached 40,858,150 cubic feet, of which Canada contributed
32,497,650.
"The square timber trade of Canada held its position in the English
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
443
market up to the change in the tariff, during Sir Robert Peel's adminis
tration. The immediate result of the reduction of the duty on foreign
wood was to increase the importation of the latter very considerably,
during the years 1845, 1846, 1847, and 1848. During these years the
exports from Canada increased also, but not in the same ratio as the
foreign. In 1850, the figures representing the then volume of trade are as
follows: Total imports of hewn wood, 43,408,950 cubic feet; from Can-
ada, 30,901,950 cubic feet; sawn wood, total, 39,708,900 cubic feet; from
Canada, 21,740,900 cubic feet.
"The following table shows the expansion of the trade in recent years,
the quantities being cubic feet:

Hewn wood. Sawn wood.
1872.. Total imports.
From British North America.
[Percentage from British North America.]
89, 131, 650
22, 174, 200
24.7
1873. Total imports
From British North America.
[Percentage from British North America.]
1874.. Total imports.
From British North America..
[Percentage from British North America.]
1875.. Total imports
From British North America.
·
[Percentage from British North America.]
1876.. Total imports
From British North America
[Percentage from British North America.]
·
1877.. Total imports.
From British North America.
[Percentage from British North America.]
103, 569, 500
18, 293, 750
17.6
122, 369, 700
23, 818, 750
19.5
84, 396, 950
16, 843, 350
19.9
107, 914, 750
23, 527, 450
21.8
103, 980, 650
24, 286, 000
23.3
154, 167, 450
39, 414, 400
25. G
170, 786, 150
47, 717, 800
27.9
190, 262, 350
53, 809, 400
28.3
164, 891, 500
47, 661, 400
28.9
205, 130, 900
55, 367, 350
27.0
228, 637, 400
62, 810, 600
27.4
"All the timber-producing countries of Europe have participated in
furnishing these immense supplies of wood; but the most notable in-
crease apparent, during the past few years, has taken place in the
quantities of pitch-pine imported from the Southern States. A few
years back the demand for this wood in England was limited, being
used only for a few special purposes. Immeuse quantities have been
shipped to Europe during the last few years, and, having been sent on
speculation, it was sold frequently at very low prices-in some cases at
rates that did not cover the freight and expenses; hence it has been
introduced into many districts where it was formerly unknown, and
competes with the lower grades of Canadian pine, but more particularly
with the red pine.
"Sweden and Norway supplied the United Kingdom with from
4,000,000 to 6,000,000 cubic feet of hewn wood, during the last few
years, more than Canada. But a very large proportion of the goods
under this heading consists of pit-props, spars, and other small wood
of little value. In the matter of sawn wood, these countries furnish
Great Britain with some twenty or twenty-five million cubic feet more
than the Dominion. The best Swedish deals do not compete with the
best quality of Canadian pine, but find a readier sale than the second
and third qualities of the latter.
"This trade must be of great value to the shipping interests of
Canada and Great Britain, but I have no means of ascertaining the
exact number and tonnage of the vessels engaged in this trade during
444
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
the last few years. The quantity of timber shipped to the British
Islands alone must require a carrying capacity of something like
1,500,000 tons. The timber carrying of Europe is confined almost ex-
clusively to foreign bottoms, and though these latter figure largely also
in the colonial trade, still British shipping finds in it a source of profit,
particularly since the construction of so many new iron vessels has de-
prived the wooden ones of the carriage of much valuable freight over
long sea voyages. Another advantage the shipping interest derives
from this trade is the fact that the vessels can be employed in it for a
longer period than in almost any other.
"As a matter of fact, there is no other soft wood imported into Great
Britain that finds more favor, or that can command a higher price, than
the first quality of Canadian pine. The consumption is increasing (as
shown by the figures above quoted) at a rapid rate. In 1831 the import
of hewn timber amounted to 28,000,000 cubic feet, while in 1877 it ex-
ceeded 100,000,000 cubic feet. The increase in the import of sawn wood
is still more extraordinary. The trade has never ceased to expand. No
doubt the annual returns show occasionally very serious reductions in
the quantities imported. The timber trade has experienced seasons of
depression, but they have always followed periods of inflation. Such
vicissitudes are inevitable in any branch of commerce where the specu-
lative element has full play. The averages for any given series of years
prove, however, that the consumption has advanced with remarkable
regularity.
"The common pine and spruce from Canada are used in England for
general purposes, but the best quality of pine is now extensively em-
ployed in the finishing work of the higher class of dwelling-houses.
This wood, when very clear and soft, commands a high price among
engineers, metal-founders, &c. Its advantages are, that it is easy to
obtain a remarkably smooth surface, and the wood is susceptible of
being worked to the highest degree of finish, and to the finest edge,
without the risk of chipping or breaking like other woods, rendering it
very useful to moulders; and I understand that the quantity purchased
by them for this purpose is very considerable.
"As to its preference over other woods for finishing purposes, I should
consider judging from its frequent appearance in architects' specifica-
tions-that it is a favorite wood with the profession; but its merits are
so transparent that I do not consider this surprising. No doubt very
strong prejudices existed against Canadian wood in England at one
time. A constructor of the royal navy stated before a parliamentary
committee that a ship constructed of colonial timber could not be de-
pended on for more than twelve months, on account of its partiality to
the dry-rot. Builders came forward on the same occasion to allege that
a house having a covered beam of Canadian pine was dangerous to
human life, because it might cave in at any moment, while there were
some who did not hesitate to maintain that 'a building containing any
portion of this despised wood would speedily become uninhabitable,
owing to its tendency to breed bugs. One gentleman, who boasted of
his experience, said that the pine in its native woods harbored myriads
of these insects; that they might be seen swarming the logs at Quebec;
that they infested the ships that brought this kind of timber to Europe,
and finally thronged the woodyards of Liverpool."
To an inquiry as to the quantity of first quality of pine now at Quebec,
as compared with that of fōrmer years, Mr. Thayne replied: "I saw only
a small proportion of the stock that could be considered first quality,
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
445
and should imagine, therefore, that it must be much less than in former
years. By quality, I mean not the size but the texture of the wood.”
In answer to the question as to why the importation of timber into
England from Canada had fallen off, it was replied: "I imagine that
the reason why the export of square timber from Canada has not kept
pace with the home demand, is your inability to supply the description of
it, that is most particularly wanted. I think also that your profits have
diminished because so much of your timber is of poor quality. I think it
safe to contend that the reason why more of your best pine is not pur-
chased is that it cannot be had, and I fear that your power of produc-
ing it is not likely to flood the home markets.2 No doubt there is still
some excellent timber in Canada. What I have been attempting to
explain is, that however good the produce of certain sections may be,
or however well some portion of the present supply may compare with
that of former years, still the total quantity of such wood brought to
market is small when compared with that of former years, perhaps not
one-fifth of a season's manufacture."
With respect to the probable duration of timber supply, at the present
rate of consumption, exportation, and waste, Mr. Thayne did not like to
give a definite opinion for the following reasons:
1. Because he could not find data sufficiently reliable to guide him to
a safe conclusion;
2. Any calculation that would ignore the quantity of young timber
standing in the woods, but which may become available in the course
of twenty or thirty years, would rest on an unsound basis; and,
3. Because there are so many sections of timber-producing land in
these provinces which, though not extensive when considered sepa-
rately, still form, in the aggregate, no mean source of supply, and which,
though now lost sight of, would soon be opened up, provided a profit-
able demand should spring up. Having made this statement, he added:
"I feel bound to say that every test I have applied to ascertain the
quantity of merchantable timber actually standing in any section of the
country has convinced me that the resources available are much smaller
than public opinion supposes them, particularly those woods adapted
to the export trade."
In reply to a member, the witness said: "No doubt the duration of
the timber supply of the United States is a point of much interest to
this country. Any interruption of the supplies now drawn by the East-
ern States from the West, would at once compel the former to resort to
1 To this statement Mr. Cockburn, a member of the committee, said: "I must join
issue with you on this point, as the quality we are getting now is very fine. In fact,
I believe that the soft pine now is of better quality than that formerly dealt with.
The pine growing in the free grant lands, or in Northern Ontario, meets with a very
ready sale. The quality is found by experience to be very fine. At one time it was
supposed to be very inferior, but, happily, experience has shown it is of a very supe-
rior quality, although not so large. Though smaller, it can take its place beside the
larger Michigan pine." Another member remarked that formerly the difference in
price between first quality and fair average was less than now, but that at present,
regard is bad, not so much to size as to quality, a small log being sometimes worth
more than a large one.
2 It was here remarked, by a member, that large pines came from Michigan, up to
22 inches. Good pines were obtained from Laurentian range region of Ontario, of a
size that only goes to 18 or 19 inches, strong and clear, which sells as fast or faster
than the Michigan, though smaller.
Another member remarked that the texture of Canadian wood is not so open as the
American; it is closer in grain. But we should bear in mind that these woods,
although competing favorably with Michigan timber of the present day, do not com-
pare with the larger timber produced in Canada some years ago. We produced as
good a quality of a larger size, fifteen years ago.
:
446
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
N
your markets.
Under such circumstances it is easy to foresee that
Canadian lumbermen would seek an outlet nearer home for their pro-
duce. It would, moreover, be easy for the New England dealer to com-
pete with the English buyer, burdened, as the latter will always be, by
a heavy ocean freight."
With respect to principal lumbering districts, the Ottawa Valley, so
far as the export trade is concerned, was by far the most productive,
the area drained by the Ottawa and its branches being about 8,000
square miles. Over four-fifths of the square white pine shipped to the
United Kingdom is manufactured in this valley.
The chairman remarked that altogether the average area of timber
lands in the Dominion is about 280,000 square miles. The rivers Sague-
nay and St. Maurice drain large regions extensively timbered.
Great Britain imports masts and spars from Puget Sound, and some
splendid pine boards from British Columbia find their way to the work-
shops of furniture manufactories in London; but the cost of freight is so
great that it will effectually preclude importation from that quarter on
a large scale. There is not sufficient freight outward to occupy a small
fleet, and the journey is too long and costly to entice vessels merely for
a return cargo.
Of the $30,000,000 to $35,000,000 worth of soft woods imported annually
by France during the five years preceding the late war, only a very
small proportion was obtained from Canada-a few cargoes of spruce
and red pine. The French do not seem to value the white pine. This
may arise from the fact that the native hard woods are used very exten-
sively in household construction. Of birch a very fair quantity enters
into consumption in England, large shipments being made from the mari-
time provinces.
It has been computed that the lumber trade of the Ottawa Valley
alone affords employment to upwards of 25,000 men.
In regard to the duration of timber supply in the North of Europe,
a definite answer could not be given. Russia is credited with a large
forest area that might be made available by railroads. Austria like-
wise possesses some magnificent forests in the center of Europe, which
can only be reached by similar means Whether so bulky an article as
timber can bear the expense that such transportation in Europe would
involve, can only be decided by experience. It is true that the Euro-
pean governments are beginning to show a great deal of interest in pro-
tecting the forests; but this newly-awakened feeling does not owe its
existence entirely to any desire to promote the exportation of forest
products, but rather to the fact that they are alarmed at the injuries
sustained by the arable land consequent on stripping the hills and river
banks of their wood.
With respect to the waste attending the system of leasing limits, by
selecting the best logs and allowing a large portion of the trees to rot
in the woods, it was deemed to have been greater formerly than at pres-
ent, the present tenure of these leases being looked upon as so secure
that no apprehension of arbitrary interference on the part of the govern-
ment is now entertained. There is, of course, great waste in the manu-
facture of square timber, as one-fourth of the best part of the tree was
left in the woods in the form of chips. The present system of imposing
dues does not present an inducement to waste, but there was a time when
a sort of premium was paid for cutting only the largest size of timber, be-
cause the dues were the same on the smallest sticks as on the largest.
At the time referred to, the dues were computed by the piece, red pine
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
447
at 30 feet average, and white at 70 feet, and the object of the lumber-
man was, consequently, to cut sticks as large as he could.
With respect to the replanting of denuded timber lands, the witness
replied to an inquiry touching the feasibility of the measure, as follows:
"It is difficult to understand how some steps in this direction have
not been taken. In the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the local gov-
ernments derive a handsome revenue from the timber-lands, and yet
they seem to regard their disappearance with perfect indifference. Every
tree that is felled contributes to their exchequers, still millions have been
destroyed by fire without exciting the least effort to prevent such whole-
sale destruction. These provinces are spoken of as the future home of
millions of people, and yet there is no foresight displayed in reserving
for their use such indispensable necessaries as cheap building material
and fuel. In these two provinces there exists an immense area that will
never be fit for settlement, but which, if judiciously managed, would
place Canada in the front rank as a timber-producing country, thereby
affording constant employment to a large section of the population, and
supporting both commercial and shipping interests. To attain these
results it is neither necessary to injure or disturb such vested rights as
have been acquired, nor to adopt very extraordinary or costly expedi-
ents. Either to lease such lands for long terms on condition of keeping
up the supply, and restricting the cut according to the growth and spe-
cies of timber on the limit, or by resuming possession of those lands
which have been cleared of their pine, and placing them under the
charge of practical foresters, replace the pines by essences that would
repay the cost of culture. I am aware that the mere mention of forest-
culture seems something far fetched and impracticable to Canadian ears,
but that does not alter the fact, that of all descriptions of cultivation it
is the most profitable. When, further, in a country like this, it becomes
a question of utilizing a territory not adapted to any other purpose,
and which otherwise must remain barren and unproductive, there should
be no hesitation respecting the course to be pursued. It is no doubt
very unfortunate that a line of policy which is calculated to stir up some
grumbling and opposition, and of which the advantages can scarcely be
fully appreciated for one or two generations, is not likely to enlist the
sympathy of politicians, but this very reason should decide a patriotic
statesman to undertake it with determination."
The opinion was expressed that white pine, valuable as it is, would
scarcely pay to cultivate. By preserving the young trees it may still
last for a number of years, particularly as there is not much likelihood
that the soil which it occupies will be required for other purposes. It
requires something near a hundred and fifty years to attain maturity.
It was remarked that of late years experiments made in various coun-
tries having widely different climates have established the fact that
trees may be successfuliy grown in regions far removed from their orig-
inal habitat, and can already compare favorably with those of mature
growth. There is, therefore, no reason why similar results should not be
attained in this country.
The Eucalyptus, an Australian gum-tree was mentioned as an illus-
tration of this fact, it having been found to thrive remarkably well in
the South of France, in Algeria, Hindostan, and California, but it would
not survive the winters of Canada.
As to the appointment of inspectors of forests, to report on the timber,
and enforce the laws for prevention of forest fires, it was said: "The ap-
pointment of such a staff would supply one of the most urgent needs of
the country-the prevention of forest fires. If it were generally un-
derstood that the lowest estimate of the average annual loss through
448
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
the forest fires, places it at $5,000,000 in the Ottawa Valley alone, it
appears to me that public opinion would soon interfere to prevent such
a fearful waste of the national wealth, for it should be remembered
that in the great majority of cases these fires originate in causes that
could be easily controlled. But that the country should derive the
fullest benefit from the services of such a corps, it is necessary that
these inspectors should be practical foresters, of high education and
ample experience in the best training schools of Europe. It would be
comparatively easy to secure the services of such a class, who, when
once established in the country, could train their assistants. Officers
of this stamp would in the course of a few years be in a position to
furnish the governments employing them with such information as
would render the inauguration of a sound forest policy comparatively
easy. It may be objected that this plan would involve considerable
expense, but what would the heaviest outlay under this head amount
to after all, but an infinitesimal premium of insurance against the aver-
age annual loss sustained through these fires, leaving all other considera-
tions out of sight."
To the question as to whether it would be deemed arbitrary on the
part of government, to make it imperative upon the settlers to plant a
certain number of trees on their homesteads, it was replied: "I would
consider such a provision one suggested by ordinary prudence. In the
treeless districts these plantations would ensure a continual supply of
fuel, and afford shelter to the land. And here again the necessity of
practical foresters in a district makes itself apparent. In order that the
settler may derive the fullest benefit of such woodlands, the trees should
be planted in positions where they would be of real service to the arable
land. I would go even further in suggesting that where new town
lands were laid out for settlement, the position to be occupied by the
plantations should be selected in such manner as to afford protection to
the more exposed districts. The new comer should also be advised as
to the description of timber best adapted to the soil." &c.
Returning to the subject of the difficulty of raising white pine, the
question was raised, as to whether it would not be advantageous to re-
plant sections of the country with spruce-a rapid growing timber-
the witness said: "Most decidedly. I imagine however that it would be
only in rare instances where it would be necessary to incur the expense
of planting; regulations providing for the proper protection of the young
trees would answer the purpose in view. At the same time, the gov-
ernment should offer inducements, either to farmers or limit holders, to
devote a small portion of their lands to the cultivation of both native
and foreign trees, and ascertain from time to time the rate of growth, &c.
The government should provide either the seeds or saplings upon which
the experiments were to be made.”
A member remarked that in the spruce country, by ten or fifteen
years, you would get quite a good crop; but it would take a long time
let
to grow trees from the seed. When eight or ten inches in diameter,
them stand ten or fifteen years, and they will yield good cutting timber.
Spruce is used in England in very large quantities. The Maritime Prov-
inces, the Gulf ports, and the Lower St. Lawrence ship a very considerable
amount. Norway is the principal source of the European supply of this
wood, but it is of very small size, battens 63 inches wide, and boards
as narrow as 5 inches.
A considerable portion between the north of Europe and Great Britain
is in the shape of manufactured goods-flooring boards, window sashes,
doors, moldings, frames, &c. There are many obstacles to the success.
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
449
ful prosecution of this trade with respect to Canada. In the first place,
the manufactured goods imported from the north of Europe are used
principally in the construction of the inferior class of houses, and of fac-
tories, warehouses, &c. These manufactures are cheap; orders for them
can be speedily executed, and can be forwarded with dispatch, at a
moderate rate of freight, to all the principal ports of Great Britain; such
as are consigned for sale are also sold at very low prices, labor being
cheap in those countries, and the mills close to the seaboard. On the
other hand, the builders of first-class houses in which Canadian lumber
is probably used, have their orders carried out under their own super-
vision, and were it otherwise, the time necessary to forward orders, the
delay that might attend their expedition to any but one or two ports,
and, above all, the short season of open navigation, are so many obstacles
in the path of the Canadian manufacturer. It might be added to the
foregoing, that English dwellings of the best class are not constructed
with so much uniformity of style as they are on this side of the Atlantic.
An enterprising firm might, no doubt, surmount some of these difficulties
by establishing a depot for the sale of its goods, and forwarding a
plentiful supply of stock during the summer season; or, better still, ap-
point as agents in Europe firms of high standing in the trade, likely to
be able to dispose of large consignments. But to succeed, it would be
necessary to possess enterprise, capital, and an intimate acquaintance
with the details of English building operations.
"As to hemlock, it was thought that when pine becomes more scarce
and costly it would come into demand. If its peculiar qualities were as
well known in Europ; as in the United States, it would be generally
used there also for the flooring of large warehouses, particularly where
grain is stored.
"In respect to fires, forests in Europe are differently situated from
those in this country. They are not in such unbroken stretches as
they are here. Except in parts of Russia and the north of Sweden,
there are numerous villages scattered through them. Most of the in-
habitants of those villages are employed in the forests, either as char-
coal-burners or otherwise. Every forest of any extent has its regular
staff of officers and rangers, whose special duty it is to watch over its
safety. Open spaces and broad belts of cleared land are kept up on
purpose to prevent fire from spreading. The ground is not encumbered
with such quantities of débris as is usual in this country. There
are no inexperienced settlers, no reckless workmen, and no careless
hunters at hand to court the ravages of this destructive element. The
people employed in the forests are interested in their preservation, and
stringent police regulations control all others. Notwithstanding all
these precautions, fires do occasionally occur; but of late years they are
becoming rare, and on a smaller scale. Probably very few fires occur
from lightning, as it is almost invariably accompanied by heavy rain-
storms; and if a fire should occur from lightning, the rain would almost
invariably put it out. Inquiries directed to this point had resulted in
tracing two great fires in the Ottawa Valley to lightning, but they
occurred some time ago."
The question of the influence of forests upon the climate of the coun-
try, and of the effect of clearings, being raised, Mr. Thayne replied: "I
have endeavored to obtain information upon this point, but without re-
sults that would enable me to form a definite opinion. Unfortunately
such meteorological observations as have been registered were made
at points too far from the influence of forests to be able to denote
any but the most trivial changes during the comparatively short period
29 FOR
450
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
that the subject has received attention. These observations, to be of
real use for the purposes referred to, should be made at many points
scattered over a wide area. * * * There can be little doubt that
the clearings made by the settlers, and more particularly by the forest
fires, must already begin to exercise a certain amount of influence on
the climate of this portion of the Ottawa Valley. Still, the total ab-
sence of any observations at or above this point renders it impossible to
express any opinion on the subject."
The effect of planting upon the prairies being referred to, its import-
ance was urged in the strongest terms. "In the various accounts I have
read of the prairie lands of the Northwest, I find frequent mention of
the sudden changes of temperature. Severe frosts occur sometimes
Nafter the crops have been sown, and again before they have been reaped ;
or the temperature of the night is often much lower than that of the
day. Then these plains are exposed to violent tempests through the
cold currents of the Arctic regions coming into contact with the heated
ones of the plains. To ameliorate a climate presenting such contrasts,
there is only one method-that of planting wherever the nature of
soil will permit it, and forming the settlements under the shelter of these
plantations. Of so great importance is this to our Western country,
that, in my opinion, upon its solution depends whether that region will
realize the sanguine expectations now entertained of its being able to
support an immense population; or whether, after many sore disappoint-
ments, perhaps, it will deserve the name of the Lone Land. If some of
the most fertile regions of the earth have been reduced to the condition
of sterile wastes through the destruction of their wooded lands, I think
it not unreasonable to infer that a country exposed to a severe climate
cannot continue to be productive when, instead of being vigorously
planted, its already scanty stock of timber is further encroached upon
by the new settlers."
The inquiry being raised as to whether a reduction in the amount of
exports would not tend to enhance prices, and thus bring increased
profits to the business, the opinion was expressed that any further
reduction in the export of the first quality of pine would make it so
scarce that its sale would be restricted to a few markets of England,
and a substitute would be found for it in many quarters where it is now
used. The best means of preventing fluctuations in the market would
be to export no more than experience had proved to be a fair average
demand. So long as lumbermen manufactured in defiance of every law
that should regulate the rate of supply, they must take the chances as
to the prices which their goods will fetch in the foreign markets.
With regard to the demand of timber for ship-building, a tendency
had been observed towards its decline, sailing vessels being superseded
by iron steamships in the carriage of all the costlier and finer classes of
merchandise.
In reference to some remarks on the lumber and ship-building trade
of Prince Edward Island, a member stated, "We import some of our
large beams used in ship building, for keelsons, &c., from Quebec; they
are of pine and tamarack. We build our vessels of a class just about
the same as our juniper vessels formerly. We can class from seven to
nine years.
We own vessels in Prince Edward Island, and can produce
them cheaper than in Quebec. We find that wooden ships are taking
the place of iron ships, and derive a great advantage from the fact."
In a report of a similar Committee upon Immigration and Colonization,
made in 1879, in considering the capabilities and prospects of the north-
western region of the Dominion of Canada, the following answer was
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
451
given by Mr. Thayne to the question as to how the present growth of
wood might be maintained, so as to prevent its exhaustion :
It
"By a system very different to the one pursued in the older Provinces
of the Dominion, where the forest lands have been treated without due
regard either for present purposes or for the future wants of the country.
Here, however, the opinion was universal that the timber was inex-
haustible, and that its destruction was advantageous to the country.
is only of late years that the fallacy of this belief has been brought
home to the minds of those who have examined the matter. In the
Northwest the case is very different; no competent authority affects to
maintain that the timber supply is equal to the wants of such a popula-
tion as the fertile lands might be expected to support. The obvious
policy of the government would, therefore, be to have the timber-pro-
ducing regions surveyed at the earliest date, before any vested interests
are created, and set apart permanent reserves wherever the adjacent
land requires shelter, or where a large population is likely to settle.
These reserves should be under the direct control of the government,
who might either lease them, subject to the condition that the lessee
should maintain a regular supply, or, better still, according to the sys-
tem followed in the state forests of Northern Europe, a certain propor-
tion of full-grown timber should be disposed of by public competition,
the trees to be removed by the purchasers, the number being regulated
by the requirements of the locality and the yield of the reserve."
To the question as to what would be the probable effect on the prai
ries of the Northwest if the settlers were under obligation to plant a
certain number of acres of trees about their farms, it was replied that
no provision would be likely to be of such general advantage, nor one
better calculated to promote the welfare of the inhabitants, but under
existing circumstances such a proposal was hardly practicable. It
would be unreasonable to expect that an immigrant should know what
plants would thrive on the soil he occupied. Very few settlers, indeed,
are likely to have any experience in arboriculture, and with the great
majority it is only too probable that the struggle for existence during
the first years of their occupancy would preclude experiments involv
ing any additional outlay of money or labor. To impose such an obliga-
tion on the colonist, it would be incumbent on the government to pro-
vide him with the means of fulfilling it, and this could be done only by
establishing nurseries in the treeless sections, whence the seedlings.
adapted to the locality might be distributed, either gratuitously, or at
a very low price, with the needful instructions for their cultivation.
These nurseries might be owned by the government or their formation
encouraged by grants in aid to county or municipal authorities or asso-
ciations.
In reference to the maintenance of supplies in the north of Europe,
Mr. Thayne replied that where the supply is limited, as in Germany,
the laws are very stringent in some states, going so far as to prevent
lands once under forest being devoted permanently to any other pur-
pose; in others, again, private landholders have beeu prohibited from
felling timber in the vicinity of streams, or wherever the forest inspect.
ors consider the arable land adjacent requires shelter from the wind.
Throughout the whole empire the forests are subjected to the watchful
supervision of a specially trained corps of officials, and no efforts are
spared to render them as productive as is compatible with their pres-
ervation, which latter is the first consideration. In Sweden, the large
forests owned by the government (over 5,000,000 acres) are strictly
preserved, trees of mature growth being sold at so much per stump,
452
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
N
standing, the felling and removal being carried out at the purchaser's
expense, but under the supervision of forest officials. Quite recently a
law has been passed prohibiting the felling of trees under certain di-
mensions, but it only applies to the northern portion of the kingdom.
It was proposed to apply it throughout the southern portion as well,
but the opposition was so strong that the minister who introduced the
measure resigned in consequence of its partial defeat. However, the
whole tendency of legislation in the timber-producing countries of Eu-
rope is towards imposing restrictions upon forest owners, and investing
the government with greater control over their lands, and there is little
doubt that any marked decrease in the supply would be the signal for
measures of a far more stringent character.
Being asked as to whether the supply in Norway and Sweden was
diminishing, notwithstanding the precautions that had been taken, the
witness replied, that in the former country the decrease had been very con-
siderable, many of the mill-owners being now compelled to purchase logs.
of large dimensions from Sweden. In the latter country there are many
districts denuded of the all best timber, and it may be said that the annual
consumption is, throughout, larger than the annual growth. The falling
off in the over-worked districts has hitherto had no perceptible effect
upon the export trade, owing to the extension of the railway system,
which has opened up many sections of forest land previously untouched.
It is alleged by some that the extent of forest that may be made availa-
ble by railways is very large, while others assert that in these compara-
tively unknown districts the quantity of purely merchantable timber is
very limited. What may be taken for granted is, that while the area
under wood suffers no perceptible decrease, the requirements of the
home and foreign markets are augmenting in a ratio far beyond the
productive power of the soil.
To the inquiry as to how the government could promote forest culture
in the Northwest, this witness replied:
"In my opinion, their first duty is to ascertain the exact nature and
extent of the timber supply in the wooded region, and this can be
effected only by an exhaustive survey. It would then be possible to
determine the area that should be set apart for the support of a perma-
nent forest growth, due consideration being given to the nature of the
climate, the condition of the river and other water sources, and the
wants, present and prospective, of the population which the arable soil
within access is likely to maintain. It would then be in order to reserve
certain tracts for the growth of timber in the most fertile sections of
the prairie lands. County or municipal authorities should be directed
to establish reserves for the protection of river sources or to act as wind-
breaks. Railway companies should be compelled to plant the waste
lands bordering their tracks, and roadboards or trustees should be un-
der a similar obligation wherever violent winds or snow-drifts were
likely to impede traffic or endanger life. Finally, settlers should be en-
couraged to plant trees for shade and shelter. It would be erroneous
to suppose that this system of forest preservation and extension would
entail a burden on the exchequer; the forest lands in the actual posses-
sion of the government may, by judicious management, be made to
yield a large revenue beyond their expenses, and a portion of this in-
come spent in planting the new reserves would, in course of time, be-
come in such a country the most profitable of investments."
The possibility of raising a second crop of timber in places where it
has been consumed by fire being a subject of inquiry, no definite opin-
ion could be expressed. The only experience in Canada was that of
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
453
nature left to her own resources. What might be done by systematic
culture is doubtful, as no experiments had been made; nor, indeed,
could it be said that the consequences arising from forest fires had been
examined and reported upon by persons of sufficient authority to have
any weight attached to their opinions. This much was certain, that
wherever a fire had ravaged a pine district, the new growth was of a
totally different species, and in hard woods the result was similar.
When fire runs along the soil it effectually destroys all vegetative power
wherever the rock is thinly covered, but when it is confined to the
branches and trunks, no reason could be seen why the same species
might not be regrown. It was feared that the pine would never pay
to cultivate in Canada. At a small outlay the Crown Lands Depart-
ment might easily ascertain what species of timber could succeed in
pine-growing lands, and settle this and many other points of no small
moment not only to forest science, but to the whole community.
For the renewal of supplies in Norway and Sweden, up to a very recent
date, the natural growth has been depended upon to replace the timber
felled for commercial purposes and that destroyed by fire. Of late years,
however, the growing scarcity of wood has induced many Norwegian
mill-owners to purchase cleared or partially-exhausted wood-lands, and
attempt planting on a large scale, and this movement is extending.
Something similar has been undertaken in Sweden by the same class,
as also by the iron manufacturers, who are at the same time owners of
extensive forests. The impression seems to be gaining ground in both
countries, that the present rate of consumption cannot be maintained,
unless steps are taken to assist the efforts of nature. Were the govern-
ments of those countries to introduce measures for the promotion of
timber culture, they would not be under the disagreeable necessity of
imposing restrictions that operate frequently to the disadvantage of
trade. There is no fact better proved than the one that capital invested
in the cultivation of timber yields immense returns.
It is claimed that the area under forests in Sweden amounts to
150,000 square miles, and in Norway to 50,000 square miles. Compe-
tent judges are of opinion that, in the former country less than one-half,
or about 40,000,000 acres, represent the total quantity of land bearing
merchantable timber; an area not larger than that which the Province of
Quebec might set apart for the production of timber without encroach-
ing on land adapted to agricultural purposes. In the older Provinces
of the Dominion there is an extent of forest territory far greater than
there is in the north of Europe, if we except Russia.
2.-Other statements concerning the Forest Resources of Canada.
The annual reports of the Montreal Board of Trade and Corn Associa-
tion, in giving statements of the dealings in forest products from year
to year, have repeatedly called attention to the great and needless waste
that was continually going on, and have suggested the propriety of
compulsory regulations to enforce economy in lumbering operations.
The custom of levying dues upon logs by number, without reference to
qaulity, naturally leads the lumbermen to select only the best, leaving the
poorer grades to rot in the woods. But if these dues were imposed on
the basis of quality, an expensive system of inspection in the woods
would be involved, and it has been suggested that the most satisfactory
means of collecting the revenue would be by an ad valorem rate on the
timber sawed and exported, as could be best done by the Inland Reve-
nue Department.
454
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
It has been further suggested that rigorous measures should be de-
vised and enforced with the view of preventing the vast damages an-
nually done by forest fires, and that inducements should be offered for
information that should lead to the punishment of those originating
them, whether willfully or by accident. "Such a fire may have been
set by a stray hunter or fisherman bent on sport, or by the clearing of
some pioneer far in advance of the frontier settlement, or, as is often
the case, by some of the lumbermen's employés, who, troubled by the
flies on the banks of a stream, may have kindled a fire to secure protec-
tion from their tormentors which the smoke affords." The remedy
against these acts of carelessness or malice must be found in adequate
penalties rigidly enforced, and of such degree as to render it certain that
due care shall be taken in the handling of fires in the woods.'
With respect to the rate of reproduction of wood-lands and the meas-
ures that deserve attention in securing that end, the reports in former
years offer the following statements and opinions:
"To obtain an idea of the regular increase in the value of growing
timber, it may be supposed that it grows one-quarter of an inch in diam-
eter yearly, which is not over the mark; and as the trees cut will aver-
age about twenty inches in diameter, the increase in size will, therefore,
be about seven and a half feet per log, board measure, or over three
and a half per cent. If to this three and a half per cent. be added the
sum lost by over-production, an idea of the foolishness of such a policy
may be had. It is quite certain that as timber gets cut away and be-
comes scarce, prices will rise; and that the lumberers of the present
generation are actually killing the hen that would, if properly treated,
continue to lay golden eggs.
"Government would deserve the praise of the future inhabitants of
the country if they would originate a scheme for planting with young
timber trees the immense wastes of the Province to Quebec. Such an
investment would certainly not pay a dividend to this generation, but
it would utilize what will only be a wilderness when the present trees
are all cut, and would be a mine of wealth to those who possess it when
the timber becomes large enough to be merchantable. By maintaining
a judiciously-matured system of planting, the supply might be prolonged
indefinitely; as it is, the forests are denuded of all their valuable tim-
ber and comparatively nothing grows up to supply its place. A very
large proportion of the country north of the Ottawa is not fit for farm-
ing, and never can be properly made fit for grain growing or for pastur-
age, but it is admirably suited for the growth of timber; and even a
limited experiment would soon convince all as to the good results likely
to accrue. The cost would be small, there being many large tracts so
cleared by repeated fires that there is nothing left to burn. The ex-
pense would only be the cost of the plants and their planting, and that
would not be much; for the seed could be sown in a cleared spot, where
the plants would be set out. The whole arrangement would, of course,
require to be planned by a practical man and properly carried out; and,
such being the case, there need be no fear of the result. What is above
suggested can be done, and may yet be accomplished; and he who does
it will be a greater benefactor to Canada than any of the statesmen of
the present day."
An English traveler, after noticing the apparently abundant supply
The existing law in Quebec for the prevention of forest fires is given in the For-
estry Report for 1877, p. 158. The subject is further considered in that report (p.
155, et seq.), and various measures adopted or suggested for the prevention of these
damages are given in detail.
RESOURCES OF CANADIAN FORESTS.
455
of woodlands observed in passing through the settled parts of Canada-
and the same remark would equally apply to considerable portions of
the once heavily-timbered regions of the United States-thus remarks
concerning the actual resources of these forests in meeting the demands
of commerce:
* * *
"It must often happen to the traveler who travels only the more fre-
quented routes, when he sees great rafts made out of huge blocks of
timber floating down the Canadian rivers, to wonder what part of the
country produces trees so much larger than any to be seen along its
way. Near the thoroughfares of Canadian travel hardly any trees of
great bulk remain.
The fact is that, for the very large timber,
the lumbermen have now to go deep into the country, and far out of the
common way. Along the traveled routes you see woods out of which
all the finest trees have been long ago cut. And even where you do see
trees of large girth in Canada they have seldom had such room to spread
and such free air around them as would have enabled them to develop
into objects magnificent in themselves. On the Ottawa, for instance,
you may often observe how some one tree in the thick forest, having
somehow been endowed with a more hardy vitality than its young and
half-smothered fellows, has forced its way right through their competing
branches, got its head well into the clear, open daylight, and so vigor-
ously prospered as to have grown to immense sturdiness of trunk; but
even it is pretty sure to bear marks of the hard struggle undergone, and
to have had its branches and offshoots, on some side or other at least,
checked and hindered in their development, if not crushed and black-
ened into utter deadness. Whatever charm Canadian woods may have,
Canada is not the place to see the beauty of fine single trees. To go in
amongst, Canadian woods are poor in comparison with the New Forest;
but, when the eye ranges over a great tract of them, often they are in-
deed most beautiful; as, for example, where they rise and fall over hill-
sides or undulating grounds, or are interspersed with gray bowlders and
sharp points of jutting rock, and are set off by contrast with waters
brightly glimmering at their foot. Such are the woods along much of
the Ottawa's course, picturesque and lovely at any time, magniticent
when kindled with the coloring of an American autumn. Scenery like
this will not easily pall upon the eye, but to travel miles after miles with
your view narrowly closed upon either side by flat, unrelieved, unbroken
woods of ungainly and half-developed trees is a thing far more wearying
to the sight than even a journey over the bare wilderness of the prairie.
Then, whenever the continuousness of thick woods is broken, it is apt
to give place to something not more cheerful. Here you come into the
clearing made by some recent fire, where the crowd of living and strug-
gling trees has been burned into a few, bare, blackened poles, standing
in their gaunt unsightliness, the ghosts of their former selves, with other
blackened logs and branches lying strewn over the scorched ground.
Again, you plunge into the forest and see it as it makes itself, without
the ordering hand of man-now dense and now thin-trees of different
kinds not generally blended together in intermixture, but standing apart
as nature has sorted them; and as, in the great struggle for existence,
every kind, ousted from elsewhere, has been forced into the station best
fitted for its support; trees of all ages fighting together for bare life;
some vigorous and freshly green and feathered down to the very ground;
some weakly and faded and only flinging out here and there ragged and
ill-balanced branches; some that are mere dead corpses and have fallen
aslant out of their places, bruising and breaking the living; some that,
with their lower branches all torn and maimed, have yet stretched up
+
456-
WASTE IN WORKING SQUARE TIMBER.
out of the throng and seem as if straining all the life within them to
peer over the heads of their fellows and catch glimpses how the fire,
their deadliest enemy, is spreading havoc nearer and nearer. Again,
you are once more in open grounds lately cleared by some settler, who
has plowed and sown among the tree stumps, those broken columns
of the forest ruin; fenced in his clearing with the rude zigzag wall of
logs, the universal snake fence of the country; built up his log hut in
the midst, and set himself to that task which takes half the lifetime of
a man to carry out, the turning of forest land into a farm. After many
hours of such a journey and after many days of similar journeyings, the
English traveler will not find himself thinking less fondly of the more
smiling landscape at home."1
3.-The Waste in working Square Timber.-Economies in the Timber Trade.
Concerning the great waste from the preparation of hewn timber, as
heretofore practiced, the Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Province
of Ontario, in his report for the year 1879, says:
The great loss sustained yearly by the Province and the revenue from waste of valu-
able material in the manufacture of square and waney pine, especially in connection
with the former, which is hewn to a "proud edge," has for some time occupied my
serious attention. It is estimated on good grounds that one-fourth of every tree cut
down to be made into square or waney timber is lost to the wealth of the country, and
that the revenue suffers proportionally. When the tree is cut down, it is lined off for
squaring, and the "round" outside of the lines is what is called beaten off on the four
sides. The wood thus beaten or slashed off in preparation for hewing by the broad-
ax is the prime part of the tree, from which the best class of clear lumber is obtained
when the timber is taken in the round to a saw-mill. Besides the destruction of tim-
ber of the finest texture and greatest value, there is the upper portion of the tree near
to and partly into the top, which would yield lumber of an inferior quality, it is true,
but suitable either for domestic use or for export to the American market, where,
during general business prosperity, large quantities of the lower grades of lumber aré
required for packing and other purposes connected with trade of all kinds, as much
as 100,000,000 feet, it is stated, being sold annually by two or three firms in Brooklyn
and New York, to be used as boxes for packages of petroleum alone; but the upper
part of the tree is rejected by the square-timber manufacturer, and left in the woods,
with the fine wood beaten off, to rot and become material for feeding forest fires, by
which more timber has been destroyed than has ever been cut down for commercial
purposes.
The following will show the estimated loss to the Province and the revenue from
waste in getting out square pine from 1868 to 1877, both inclusive: Total quantity
taken from public and private lauds during the ten years, 119,250,720 cubic feet;
waste, one-fourth of each tree, equal to one-third of the total mentioned, viz, 39,750,140
cubic feet, or say, in round numbers, 477,000,000 feet, board measure, which may be
valued one-half at $10 per 1,000 feet, and one-half at $5 per 1,000 feet, representing
relatively the prime timber beaten off and the inferior timber from the upper part of
the tree, average value say $7.50 per 1,000 feet, equal to $3,577,500 loss to the Province
for the ten years, or an annual loss in material wealth of $357,750.
The quantity taken from public lands during the ten years is 87,620,135 cubic feet,
the waste on which, on the basis given, being equal to 29,206,711 cubic feet, or
350,000,000 feet, board measure, subject to crown dues, at $750 per million feet, equal
to $262,500 lost to the revenue during the ten years, or at the rate of $26,250 per annum.2
The loss to the country and revenue from timber destroyed by fires which might
¹ Sketches from America, by John White, fellow of Queen's College (1870), p. 166.
2 If every part of the outside wood wasted in squaring timber could be used, the
loss might be estimated at a much higher rate than as above estimated. If the area of
a given circle be 1, the area of an inclosed square is 0.636 nearly. The loss is there-
fore about 0.364 in the outer wood alone, to say nothing of the tops left on the ground.
But as there must inevitably be some loss in working, there could scarcely be realized
more than 25 per cent. This in the aggregate of large quantities is a loss so immense
that it should attract the attention of the manufacturers, and lead to a thoughtful
study into the means for its avoidance. In the careless way that lumber is manu-
factured, and with the wide-set saws too much in use, it could be easily shown that
more than half the material of our forests is wasted, a considerable part of which
might with proper care be saved.
WASTE IN WORKING SQUARE TIMBER.
457
have been confined to a limited area, and possibly extinguished, before great damage
had been done to the forest, had they not been fed by the débris of trees left to rot and
dry, is incalculable.
In 1877 I instructed the officer in charge of the Woods and Forest branch of the
Department to prepare a paper on the waste of timber referred to, for the purpose of
submitting it to the Department of Crown Lands of Quebec, with the view of joint
action by the two Provinces towards the discouragement of the further continuance
of the square-timber trade. On addressing himself to the task, he found that the lack
of knowledge of the mode of dealing with the square timber, after its arrival in the old
country in the square "log" was a great drawback to writing intelligently on the subject,
as it was essential to know how the timber was disposed of at the great centers of im-
port, such as Liverpool, London, Glasgow, &c. ; who the parties were who ultimately
acquired the handling of it; where it was cut into specification bills to meet the wants
of those who put the product of the "logs" after they had been reduced to the re-
quired dimensions to practical use, &c., so that the Department might be in posses-
sion of facts, inore or less important, when it undertook to show those who are engaged
in the trade in Canada, that in abandoning it, and thereby stopping the supply of
square timber, they would create a market for their material on the other side of the
Atlantic, in the shape of sawn lumber.
I have since procured some information on the points referred to, from which I learn
that the timber is imported directly by wealthy saw-mill proprietors, either by the
venture of individuals singly, or in so many cargoes in each year, or the importation
of a number of cargoes annually by several mill-men combined; or it is consigned by
Canadian shippers to brokers or agents to be sold on commission; in the latter case,
the timber is generally disposed of at auction, at which the saw-mill owners purchase
it, and any surplus over what they require for their own establishments they sell in
small quantities, sometimes a few pieces at a time, to builders and country dealers of
limited means, who have it sawn at small mills, and often by hand, at the villages in the
interior for local wants. These saw-mill proprietors having virtually a monopoly of
the lumber and bill stuff produced from the timber imported or purchased by them at
auction sales, are naturally opposed to the introduction of wood goods into the market
they supply in any other shape than in the square log as at present; but it is time
that the Canadian lumberer engaged in the square-pine business should open his
eyes to the alarming waste of a material, the value of which is increasing every year;
that in fact he is stripping his limits and disposing of his timber frequently at a loss,
or at best, during several years past, at a rate which seldom pays more than the cost
of cutting down, squaring, drawing, and taking to market, while at the same time he
leaves in the woods as useless one-fourth of each tree he levels to the ground, one-
half of the timber so left being the most valuable part of the tree; and see the neces-
sity of his turning his attention to saw-milling operations as a more economical mode
of manufacturing his timber, by which he would not only benefit himself by turning
to profitable account what is now so wantonly wasted, but the Province generally, by
increasing the field of labor for its people, while the Provincial Treasury would derive
additional revenue from the material saved and utilized.
It may not be out of place to mention here that saw-milling is, to a certain extent,
a factor in the settlement of a country, from the fact that many of the employés, from
their steady habits and value as workmen, are kept in per manent employment
summer and winter in connection with the establishments, and are induced in conse-
quence to take up lands in the vicinity, which are improved by the families of those
having grown-up children, and by hired help in the case of unmarried men, till ulti-
mately considerable sections in the neighborhood of the mills become settled and
cleared, with comfortable homes on the locations; while, on the contrary, the men em-
ployed in getting out square timber are generally without fixed homes or continuous
employment. Their engagements terminate in the spring; in the interim until they
re-engage for the following winter, they too frequently remain idle, and spend their
earnings in a reckless manner, and are penniless, and often in debt, when they return
to the woods.
After noticing various available forest commodities for exportation
from Canada, such as pit-props, mining timbers, telegraph poles, rail-
way ties, &c., the forms and dimensions best suited to the English
market, and suggestions as to their preparation, the Commissioner re-
curs to the topic he had previously been discussing with reference to
the encouragement of sawn goods for exportation instead of the waste-
ful practice of getting out hewn timber. His suggestions have no local
application, and are well suited to any region or country that has com-
modities to export.
The characteristic of modern commerce is to seek out markets wherever they can be
458
WASTE IN WORKING SQUARE TIMBER.
found, in which commodities to be disposed of can be sold to the best advantage
whether natural products in a raw state where the means of profitable manufacture do
not exist where they are produced, or in a manufactured state when such means aro
available, and in proportion to the energy and enterprise used in pressing forward and
occupying every vantage ground in trade, is the measure of success which attends indi-
viduals and communities. It is not usual in these days to wait until a customer comes
knocking at your door to find out what you have for sale. To succeed, it is necessary
that such should be made known far and wide; and to create a business of any magni-
tude the first object is to find out what is required not only at home but abroad, and, hav-
ing the article, to calculate whether or not the field can be entered at a fair profit in fur-
nishing what is wanted. In the Canadian timber trade there seems to have been no lack
of energy; but in my humble opinion it does not appear to have been accompanied by
that kind of prudent enterprise which might be expected from the intelligent men
who are engaged in it. The square-pine manufacturers have been contented from year
to year to go on bargaining with a Quebec merchant to get out so many cubic feet of a
certain average for a price agreed upon; the merchant writes home to his agent or
partner to effect sales, or goes himself or some one for him for that purpose, or fre-
quently ships on his own account the timber which the lumberer has contracted for
and delivered to him. Not unfrequently the lumberer possessed of means gets out
his timber without advances in money or supplies having been made to him and takes it
to Quebec to sell it at the best price he can obtain from the dealers there. Sometimes
this has succeeded better than contracting; but where the venture falls through a
downward tendency in the market or a rise in freights, it becomes a serious matter to
hold it over, as cove charges and other incidentals rapidly effect a shrinkage in the value
of the article. But so it has gone on since the early days of getting out square pine;
the same well-trodden rut has been traveled; the same traffic in the timber in the
crude shape of the square log has been continued, the actual producer and quasi
proprietor of the pine upon the timber limits reflecting on the waste of material,
or the propriety and prudence of economizing it and turning it to more profitable
account.
Saw-mill owners, although they have had trying times during the past few years,
are not generally so unfortunate as the operators in square pine, the trade in which is
peculiarly fluctuating and uncertain. The former have always had more or less of a
domestic trade; and, unless under extraordinary circumstances, such as the late pro-
longed depression, can depend on the United States for a market, with prices gener-
ally affording a reasonable profit, notwithstanding the American duty of $2 per 1,000
feet; and with these markets, domestic and across the line, they have seemed to be
satisfied without seeking a European opening for their lumber.
I feel a delicacy in giving advice in this matter to parties who may very naturally
say that they know their own business best; but, nevertheless, I will venture to ob-
serve that those in Canada engaged or interested in the trade in timber, which is next in
value to agricultural products in the exports of the Dominion-viz, in 1878, $20,054,829,
and $27,281,089, respectively-should acquire a knowledge of and endeavor to cultivate
a transatlantic trade, and would suggest that a spirited effort should be made to ex-
tend the sawn lumber business to countries which have hitherto imported the timber
in a crude state and manufactured it to suit their purposes. Already have the Euro-
pean and other markets been successfully invaded by the produce of industries of
various kinds from the American continent, and there seems to be no reason why our
great staple export should not meet with equal success.
It may not be out of place in this report to indicate in anything like detail the steps
which might be adopted to carry out what has been hinted at, but a preliminary step
would seem to be for a few saw-mill proprietors to join together and send to the old
country two or three practical men, having a thorough knowledge of lumbering, the
different qualities of lumber produced in Canada, and the minutiae of the working of
saw-mills, who might be accompanied by one or two joiners or house carpenters to
make technical observations as to the various uses and forms in which the lumber is
applied. Let these parties visit the larger saw-mills in England, Ireland, and Scot-
land, and on the continent, if deemed expedient, with sufficient time allowed to inspect
and report on the whole subject to their employers, having specially in view the re-
quired dimensions of boards and bill stuff, in all forms, which would suit the several
markets; and also make inquiry as to freights, insurance, port charges, &c., and
upon such report, and after due consideration, the parties interested would be in posi-
tion to come to a conclusion whether or not a fair paying business could not be pushed
in the direction indicated. The attempt seems to be worth making; and if prepared
assortments of Canadian lumber were exhibited in the principal markets of the old
country, even although they may not take at first, which perhaps would be too much
to expect, there is at least a prospect of success through the exercise of sound judg-
ment, patience, and perseverance.
CANADIAN EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
459
4.-On the Official Statistics of Canada.
Unfortunately Canada, like the United States, has no official agency
for ascertaining the amount of production and consumption of forest
products in the country, beyond the official census, which is taken but
once in ten years, and may happen to represent a year of exceptional
buoyancy or depression in the timber business.
The uncertainties attending any attempt to estimate the amount of
the annual production are strongly represented in the following extract
from a letter written by a gentleman who has long made the subject a
matter of special investigation, and whose acquaintance with the details
of the timber trade gives much importance to his opinions upon this
point:
There are no data available which would enable me to form anything like a fair
estimate of the annual forest production of this country-at least an estimate to
which a man would care to affix his name. Private lands render no returns; the local
consumption cannot be guessed at, and the Crown Lands returns are very untrust-
worthy. The census is the only guide-a very doubtful one in this matter that it
would be possible for you to quote without incurring the risk of misleading your
readers.
*
*
It is possible that the census of next year will contain figures more reliable than
the last one; at least you may depend that I shall urge this point on the attention of
the authorities with all the influence I can bring to bear.
I regret that
it is not in my power to send you a more satisfactory answer to your query; but when
I tell you that all my efforts to solve this problem for the last four years have been
without the least success, you can understand how the matter stands.
With respect to the credibility of the Crown Lands reports, as given
on subsequent pages of this volume, we should remember that they in
part represent the amount of taxes collected upon the timber taken
from these lands, and we therefore see a motive for rendering the re-
turns below the actual production, while there would never be found a
reason for placing them above. They present, in fact, the amount that
did not escape the notice of the revenue officers. We are not justified in
expressing any opinion as to whether the amount reported be relatively
large or small, as compared with the actual production, but may be in
all probability somewhere below the truth.
The statistics of exportation are not liable to the same criticism as
the above, because no export duties are paid, and we may reasonably
regard them as approximately correct. Any errors would be more
probably on the side of deficiency than of excess, for, while the returns
could scarcely be in any case too high, instances might occasionally
happen of exportation in small lots from places where no revenue officer
was located.
The amount of forest products passing the government slides, and
through the canals, is probably reported very nearly at the exact amount,
as the transaction is under the immediate notice of officials always pres-
ent, and means of verification are always at hand.
II.-EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA.
1. Customs Duties formerly imposed for Encouragement of the Timber Trade.
From the earliest period of colonial trade the export of timber has
been an important item of production for the British market, and much
of the timber exported from the northern frontier of the United States
has been shipped from Quebec, being generally rafted down the rapids
of the Saint Lawrence and placed upon vessels at Quebec. In later
years the timber of the country bordering upon the upper lakes was
460
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
}
brought in vessels to Clayton, N. Y., or to the foot of Wolfe Island, or
to Garden Island, near Kingston, at which places for a long period, the
principal business of making up rafts for the navigation of the rapids
has been done. More recently the business of Clayton has much de-
clined, while that of Wolfe Island and of Garden Island has increased.
This exportation of timber has been largely affected by the tariffs,
which, from political and financial reasons, the British Government
thought it proper to impose.
1
From the report of a select committee of the House of Lords, appointed
in 1820, to inquire into the means of extending and securing the foreign
trade of the country, we learn that the encouragement afforded to the
importation of wood from the British Colonies in North America by the
imposition of heavy duties on wood from foreign states was of compara-
tively recent date, and that it had not formed a part of the commercial or
colonial policy of the country before the then recent European wars. Till
1809 little or no duty had been imposed upon the various species of tim-
ber, but in that and the succeeding year, however, the nature of the
political relations with the Baltic powers led to an apprehension that
great difficulty might be found in deriving the usual supplies of timber
from that quarter, not only for domestic use, but more particularly for
the purposes of ship-building. The Canadian timber trade had not then
been large in the aggregate, although relatively important to the
country. There being some risk and uncertainty in a further expansion
of the business, it was deemed expedient to give Canadian timber the
benefit of an exemption from all duties on such as was fit for naval use,
and a duty little more than nominal on other descriptions, while, at the
same time, a considerable increase was made in the duty on wood from
the north of Europe
High permanent duties and a temporary war-duty were accordingly
imposed upon all descriptions of wood imported from foreign countries.2
The Canadian merchants were never led to believe by the Government
that these duties were to be permanent, but an expectation was held out
that the duty of £2 1s. first imposed would be continued for some con-
siderable time. No such expectation was fairly raised with respect to
the war-duty and the duty imposed in 1813, and the exemptions from
duty on Canadian timber had always been temporary, and were limited
to July, 1820.3
The protection thus begun was continued many years, and the two great
monopolies of corn and timber-the first maintained for the assumed
benefit of the possessors of land; the second conceded to the clamor of a
certain class of ship-owners-became through after years the object of
¹ Parliamentary papers, 1820, vol. 3 (269), p. 3.
249 Geo. III, C. 98. These were doubled by the 50 Geo. III, C. 77, and afterwards
partially increased by the 51 Geo. III, C. 93, and by the 2 Geo. III, C. 117, and a
duty of 25 per cent upon the whole of the permanent duties were added by the 53 Geo.
III, C. 33. The several duties above referred to were afterwards arranged and con-
solidated by the 59 Geo. III, C. 52.
The duty upon a load (50 cubic feet) of Baltic timber, which at the beginning of
the wars in the early part of this century had been 6s. 8d. was raised by inconsidera-
ble steps to 27s. 2d. in 1806, doubled in 1811, and in 1813 further advanced to 65s.
Colonial timber, which had been admitted free of duty up to 1798, was then subjected
to a duty of 3 per cent. ad valorem. From 1803 to 1806 the ad valorem rate was changed
to a specific duty of about 2s. a load, and in the latter year this was removed.
In 1821,
in consequence of the report of the committee of the House of Lords, above cited, the
system was changed by reducing the rate on European timber, while that from the
colonies was made 10s. In 1840, 18. 6d. per load was added to them respectively. In
October, 1843, the duties were reduced to 25s. per load on foreign timber, and 28. per
load on that from British colonies.-(G. R. Porter's Progress of the Nation, 1847, p. 380.)
³Parliamentary Papers, 1820, vol. 3 (269), p. 4.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
461
attack by an energetic class of reformers, representing the more numer-
ous but less organized class of consumers, until their efforts were finally
crowned with success. After successive reductions from time to time,
the rates on timber from every country were reduced, about 1859,
the uniform rate of 2s. per ton, and not long afterwards they were
taken off altogether.
to
The following tables are derived from the Reports upon Trade and
Navigation reported annually by the Minister of Customs, since the be-
ginning of the Dominion Government, July 1, 1867, and previously by
the Receiver-General of Canada. The column of years will be under-
stood to be calendar years until the change made in 1864, when the fiscal
year beginning July 1 was substituted:
2.-COMPARISON OF THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS EXPORTED from
THE PROVINCE OF CANADA DURING THE TWELVE YEARS PRECEDING THE FORMA-
TION OF THE DOMINION GOVERNMENT.
(Quantities and Values.)

Ash.
Birch.
Elm.
Maple.
Years.
Tons.
Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons. Value.
Tons.
Value.
1856..
2,589
$14, 403
4, 556
1857....
$40, 200
36, 453
3, 485
$508, 433
18
25, 360
5,026
$169
46, 985
37,984
1858...
432, 822
169
2, 378
16, 999
1,593
4,005
30, 339
1859
19, 451
163, 389
37
4,313
285
24, 067
7, 937
56, 294
1860.
26, 278
200, 840
84
2,478
14, 976
728
12, 508
100, 759
25, 629
1861.
207, 297
249
2. 422
12, 708
1,996
8, 397
60, 585
1862...
32, 610
2,496
265, 562
127
12, 770
4, 159
1, 014
32, 424
1863.
27, 689
202, 573
139
8, 341
42, 255
882
11, 256
89, 111
18641
53, 392
421, 180
440
1,319
6, 667
3, 315
2, 620
26, 413
18652
14, 331
114, 414
53
3, 670
366
22, 689
10, 488
18662
82, 638
49, 048
387, 655
110
2, 860
20, 986
8,793
72, 505
1, 350
18672
29, 483
3, 631
255, 670
152
26, 074
9, 394
81, 355
28, 476
252, 647
76
1,268
643

Oak.
White pine.
Red pine.
Tamarack.
Years.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
1856...
33, 814 | $377, 190
1857.
361.046 | $2, 062, 003
48, 539
61, 943
576, 630
$471, 691
500, 781
1858
2,821, 320
61, 323
26, 904
526, 458
377, 561
344, 981
2, 117
4, 571
$13, 381
28, 471
1859..
1,811, 340
53, 143
34, 300
374, 079
359, 731
995
395, 694
5, 411
1860..
2,249, 006
43, 643
41, 553
363, 567
404, 861
490, 233
2, 185
1861.
2,582, 605
11, 382
62, 573
55, 979
507, 610
526, 997
2, 589
523, 112
1862.
2,594, 388
17, 023
71, 381
47, 436
527, 317
508, 609
430, 257
1, 802
11, 116
1863.
2, 110, 046
73, 327
66, 563
754, 328
650, 483
452, 113 | 14, 861
18641
3, 304, 903
33, 301
103, 329
28, 387
745, 642
205, 546
19, 591
194, 822
124, 955
18652
918, 323
32, 653
118, 313
230, 831
1,089, 417
5, 326
18662
606, 300
2,963, 534
34, 994
64, 026
108, 877
710, 861
450, 950
761, 037❘ 10,
10, 681
18672
2, 324, 063
65, 332
62, 895
85, 638
696, 461
413, 036
593, 134 | 11,
11, 266
2, 118, 754
71, 938
78, 792
499, 858
5, 411
36, 015
1 Half year ending June 30.
2 Year ending June 30. Since 1864.
462
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN
CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
2.-COMPARISON OF THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &c.—Continued.
Walnut.
Years.
Basswood, butternut,
and hickory.
Standard staves.
Other staves.


1,000 feet.
Value.
1,000 feet.
Value.
Thou-
sands.
Value.
Thou-
sands.
Value.
1856.
1, 517
$40, 601
1857
620
2, 109
$7, 146
51, 140
1, 690
1858.
1, 229
$368, 659
2, 978
1,033
15, 462
22, 837
3, 253
$166, 757
1839..
1, 649
548, 384
4, 117
1, 307
20, 121
25, 719
2,309
174, 771
398, 847
1860...
1,378
2,428
14, 800
4, 130
49, 493
2, 968
170, 379
329, 876
1861.
1,024
948
22, 994
14, 475
5, 745
3, 093
201, 047
368, 752
1862.
1,786
1, 456
18, 524
6, 045
38, 443
1,765
207, 973
248, 652
1863
1,477
2, 320
17, 687
4,989
63, 339
2, 008
167, 385
254, 641
18641
1, 416
18, 338
4, 207
357
13, 103
2,816
164, 543
422, 677
18652.
477
1,600
8, 428
8,000
726
294, 669
38, 583
18662.
2,255
107, 231
3,050
1, 870
38, 044
70, 136
56, 170
3, 514
446, 107
18672.
509
771
8,833
9, 1-18
248, 889
26, 692
2, 417
1, 085
346, 968
8, 441
15, 665
3,053
258, 652
404, 952
8, 952
290, 602

Battens.
Knees.
Scantling.
Years
Trcenails.


Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
1856
3, 060
$786
1857
10, 960
$11, 505
4, 276
$23, 139
569
1858.
466
$550
897
22, 168
1859.
2, 397
3, 470
140
1, 962
22, 922
1860..
4, 297
4, 723
202
96
23, 760
1861.
9, 980
12, 004
300
32, 346
1862.
5, 833
5, 294
122
18, 130
1863..
17, 584
14, 648
455
20, 210
194
18641
21, 749
24, 145
433
25, 148
18652
14, 013
14, 154
830
108
11, 074
18662
13, 233
13, 623
250
18672
23, 627
17, 150
24, 684
4, 527
17, 121
7,397
4, 518
25, 405
595
110
Deals.
Deal ends.
Planks and boards.
Years.
Spars.

Standard
hundred.
Value.
Standard
hundred.
Value.
1,000 feet.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
1856.
36.729
$1, 681, 157
1,746
1857..
$68, 865
229, 793
51, 250
1, 955, 377
2, 503, 187
1, 807
7,751
1858..
58,852
47, 537
222, 611
$80, 586
1, 675, 918
2, 573, 470
1, 307
4, 567
1859
36, 115
84, 410
42, 866
384, 804
1, 477, 381
2, 902, 267
1, 543
4, 615
1860.
44, 526
32, 319
62, 196
314, 096
1, 951, 055
2,690, 119
1, 367
4, 067
1861.
43, 079
25, 383
309, 025
67, 333
2, 189, 792
3, 051, 218
1862.
1, 929
8, 407
49, 750
54, 899
50, 118
105, 583
1, 375, 309
1, 570, 381
2, 528
5, 511
1863.
75, 032
29, 818
58, 807
246, 203
2,078, 412
2, 337, 726
18641
1,993
2, 522
56, 370
42, 296
302, 335
13, 112
2, 999, 459
489, 131
43, 487
4, 134
18652
13, 243
80, 895
58,217
110, 748
2, 207, 194
1,081, 176
839
4,413
18662
111, 161
14, 829
53, 947
330, 950
1, 992, 033
3, 325, 478
3, 113
5,879
18672
82, 759
134, 186
465, 812
56, 401
2, 314, 491
4, 683, 075
1, 363
40, 262
3,678
73, 515
533, 192
5, 104, 342
1, 070
32, 203
Masts.
Handspikes.
Lathis and lath wood.
Fire-wood.
Years.
Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Valuo.
Cords.
Value.
Cords.
Value.
1856..
1857.
2,214
1, 195
$141, 692
1,204
$297
16, 160
135, 88-1
$55, 343
1,697
45, 959
437
$79, 615
1858.
9, 614
927
60, 825
69, 617
1, 772
36, 560
62, 558
713
1859.
8, 521
1, 024
34, 230
92,714
28, 950
6, 517
1860.
1, 569
36, 155
7,374
•
1, 287
37, 216
95, 498
3,831
36, 013
42, 187
644
1861.
8, 349
774
49, 412
38, 101
1, 988
48, 674
64, 766
496
1862.
10, 322
1, 127
54, 113
74, 175
51, 078
4,371
76, 496
1863.
1,651
7,429
889
75, 228
32, 571
2,074
114, 203
186, 481
608
18641
10, 949
275
42, 851
13, 881
156, 264
151
280, 043
38
18652.
2, 623
1, 127
15, 869
100, 072
18662.
5, 165
48, 042
1, 352
87,515
14, 994
18672
544
1,070
60, 978
39, 685
202, 930
348
364, 249
108
14, 194
32, 203
52, 148
240, 193
4,328
462, 566
955
15, 949
54, 204
211, 815
466, 931
1 Half year ending June 30.
2 Year ending June 30.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
463
2. COMPARISON OF THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &c.-Continued.

Shingles.
Sleepers.
Railroad ties.
Oars.
Years.
Thou-
sands.
Value. Pieces.
Value.
Pieces.
Value.
Pairs.
Value.
1856....
14, 810
$27, 840
30
1857...
$4
22, 559
112, 329
46, 257
$21, 070
17,841
1858
5,793
$27,791
1, 363
14, 000
111, 197
18, 025
5, 804
24, 314
6, 582
1859
285, 082
22, 664
39, 524
36, 157
6, 046
11, 405
1860.
117, 347
21, 564
23, 861
11, 520
41, 042
17, 188
1861.
113, 821
15, 695-
19, 993
6, 455
30, 181
8, 125
1862.
24, 508
80, 079
14, 038
14, 462
2,979
2, 438
1863..
79, 674
34, 513
15, 304
59, 309
22, 630
31, 091
18641
13, 947
171, 660
35, 548
12, 032
22, 606
18652
4,532
6, 174
14, 001
77, 338
31, 605
10, 263
4,347
55, 730
18662
42, 076
4, 534
32, 277
77, 848
223, 377
26, 931
161, 455
19, 419
18672
76, 403
77, 408
20, 330
146, 770
75, 003
25, 913
138, 784
7,927
46, 430
10, 194
48, 351
198, 255
29, 641
9, 451
11, 119
Other
Years.
woods.
Saw logs.
Pot and Pearl Ash.
Value.
No.
Value.
Barrels.
Total forest
product.
Value.
1856
1857...
1858.
1859
1860.
1861
1862..
1863..
13641
18652
18662
18672
$28, 111
66, 742
$72, 772
24, 472
35, 726
101, 464
$917, 187
$10, 019, 883
111, 440
29, 456
25, 367
1, 147, 856
46, 017
11, 730, 387
47, 734
27, 844
929, 759
75, 098
121, 671
9, 447, 727
125, 491
37, 819
1, 107, 271
91, 660
53, 009
9, 663, 162
57, 368
32, 854
961, 106
105, 688
51, 231
11, 012, 253
69, 932
29, 395
879, 007
74, 705
47, 331
9, 572, 645
75, 653
37, 857
130, 683
1, 236, 411
68, 430
9, 482, 897
76, 437
41, 568
1, 279, 748
78, 836
45, 884
13, 543, 926
53, 296
15, 852
513, 840
240, 254
132, 376
4, 167, 161
147, 721
"
43, 960
198, 680
1,274, 612
128, 236
14, 283, 207
118,796
34, 594
249, 490
1, 105, 003
387, 444
71, 690
13, 846, 986
21, 588
723, 944
13, 948, 648
¹Half year ending June 30.
2 Year ending June 30.
3 Besides 20,842 M saw-logs and shingle-bolts, worth $101,101, at $1 per M feet, and 1,648 spruce,
worth $14,982; duty 50 cents per M feet.
3. GENERAL COMPARISON OF THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF PRODUCTS EXPORTED FROM
CANADA IN EACH YEAR SINCE THE FORMATION OF THE DOMINION GOVERNMENT.¹
(a.) Total Products of Canada.
1868..
1869.
1870.
1871..
1872..
1873.
1874...
1875.
1876
1877...
1878..
1879
Years ending June 30—
Years.
1868...
1869
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873
1874.
1875..
1876...
1877..
1878.
1879...
The Mine.
The Fisher-
ies.
The Forests.
Animals aud
their Prod-
ucts.
$1,446, 857
2,093, 502
2,487, 038
$3, 357, 510
3, 242, 710
3, 608, 549
$18,262, 170
19, 838, 963
$6, 893, 167
8, 769, 407
20, 940, 434
12, 138, 161
3, 221, 461
3, 994, 275
22, 352, 211
12, 582, 925
3,936, GUS
4,348, 508
23, 685, 382
12, 416, 613
6, 471, 102
4, 779, 277
28, 586, 816
14, 243, 017
3, 977, 216
5, 292, 368
26, 817, 715
14, 679, 169
3, 878, 050
5, 380, 527
24, 781, 780
12,700, 507
3, 731, 827
5, 500, 989
20, 128, 064
13, 517, 654
3, 644, 040
5,874, 360
23, 010, 249
14, 220, 617
2, 816, 347
6, 853, 975
19, 511, 575
14, 019, 857
3,082, 900
6, 928, 871
13, 261, 459
14, 100, 604
Agricultural
Products.
13, 676, 619
$12, 871, 055
12, 182, 702
Manufact-
ures.
$1,572, 546
1, 765, 461
2, 133, 656
Miscellan-
eous articles.
Grand Total.
$1, 139, 872
2, 430, 559
$40, 677, 009
49, 323, 304
1,096, 732
56, 081, 192
9, 853, 146
2, 201, 331
596, 698
55, 151, 047
13, 378, 562
2, 389, 435
845, 328
61, 000, 436
14, 995, 340
2, 921, 802
1, 248, 192
73, 245, 606
19, 590, 142
2, 353, 663
1, 116, 475
73, 926, 748
17, 258, 358
2, 293, 040
1, 198, 631
67, 490, 893
21, 139, 665
5, 353, 367
490, 283
14, 689, 376
69, 861, 849
4, 105, 422
320, 816
18, 008, 754
65, 864, 880
4, 127, 755
401, 871
65, 740, 134
19, 628, 464
2,700, 281
386, 999
60,089, 578
The union of the two Provinces of Canada with the two Maritime Provinces took effect July 1, 1867.
In these summaries the totals do not include coin, bullion, or goods not the product of the country;
vessels built at Quebec are included in the miscellaneous column.
464
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS,
(b.) Export of Products of the Province of Ontario to the United States compared with the
Total Exportations.


Produce of Mines.
|
Years.
Produce of Fish- Produce of For- Animals and their
eries.
ests.
Products.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
'cent.
1868¹
(United States.
$216, 643
607, 101 35.7
1869.
United States.
371, 748
$130, 979
625, 304
73, 935
$7, 252, 630
$3,743, 207
20.9
Total
14, 471, 697
4, 484, 079
50. 1
6, 545, 870
57.0
2, 988, 420
439,593
84.5
1870...
United States.
765, 173
73, 935 100. 0
84, 976
4, 484, 079 100. 0
5, 115, 157
3, 405, 287
87.7
Total.
4, 965, 744
1,230, 874
62.1
84, 976 100. 0
United States.
1871...
1, 578, 498
89, 479
5, 115, 157 100.0
6, 107, 733
5, 672, 655
87.4
Total.
4. 913, 126
1, 994, 280
79.1
1872..
United Statos.
2, 556, 358
89, 479 100.0
59, 911
6, 107, 733 100. 0
6, 109, 642
5,786, 552
84.8
Total
3, 796, 096
2, 996, 712
85.3
1873....
United States
3, 221, 612
59, 911 100.0
95, 295
6, 109, 642 100.0
8, 889, 463
4,755, 560
79.7
Total
3, 848, 937
4, 003, 726
80.4
1874..
(United States
947, 354
95, 295 100.0
78, 397
--
8, 889, 463 100.0
7, 322, 811
5, 565, 210
69.1
Total
3, 441, 676
1875....
United States.
Total
United States.
1876.
1, 135, 418
879, 024
879, 024 100. 0
773, 890
83.4
78, 597 100. 0
94, 838
7, 322, 811 100.0
4, 472, 720
4, 742, 020
72.5
2,789, 337
94, 838 100.0
85, 323
4, 472, 720 100.0
3, 657, 410
3, 606, 400
77.3
2, 864, 983
Total
1877. - - .
United States
773, 890 100. 0
297, 479
85, 323 100.0
3, 657, 410 100. 0
4, 286, 349
66. 8
Total.
1, 054, 346
28.2
85, 331
89, 036
3, 437, 743
2,984, 407
95.8
3, 439, 143
99.9
1878....
United States...
4, 429, 362
67.3
185, 874
90, 613
3, 495, 830
Total
3, 073, 695
190, 549
97.5
90, 622
98.8
3, 496, 311 99.9
United States.
5, 770, 115
53.2
1879.
746, 037
94, 325
3, 249, 229
2,843, 583
Total
825, 769 90.3
95, 531
98.6
3, 253, 724
99.8
5, 726, 453
48. 4
Agricultural Pro-
ducts.
Manufactures.
Other Articles.
Total.
Years.

Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
18681
United States
Total
$8, 032, 953
$419, 666
$265, 697
$20, 061, 775
12, 642, 083
63.5
834, 158
50.3
291, 731
91.1 36, 855, 5362
54. 4
1869....
S United States
Total
7,005, 674
165, 256
234, 287
15, 323, 399
7, 127, 044
98.3
166, 270
99.3
1870....
United States
Total
6, 570, 138
6, 614, 273
99. 2
1871...
United States
Total
4,855, 249
228, 073
229, 420 99.4
304, 392
234, 287 100. 0
287, 951
15,930, 495
96. 1
18, 017, 212
287, 951 100. 0
19, 235, 306
93.6
256, 133
18, 105, 210
4, 978, 068
97.5
313, 869
96.9
256, 133 100.0
19, 526, 714
93.2
1872...
United States.
Total
6, 598, 223
380, 127
267, 399
19, 767, 756
6,704, 895 98. 1
480, 727
79.0
267,399 100. 0
21, 374, 847
92.4
1873....
United States.
Total
5,657, 809
464, 093
234, 057
22, 408, 266
5,706, 722
99. 1
588, 481
78.8
234, 057 100.0
25, 082, 954
89.3
1874..
·
United States.
Total
7, 181, 140
404, 174
233, 337
19, 609, 089
7, 573, 157
94.9
528, 551
76.4
233, 337 100.0
| 21, 613, 791
90.7
1875....
United States.
Total
7, 149, 606
313, 040
235, 449
15, 834, 014
7,309, 025
97.0
473, 672
66. 0
235, 449 100. 0
17, 131, 128
92.4
United States.
1876.
11, 170, 996
612, 656
261, 186
19, 426, 444
Total...
11, 602, 162
96. 1
778, 723
78. 6
261, 791
99.7 21, 445, 648
92.5
1877
United States
Total
6, 308, 378
497, 627
240, 122
13, 821, 279
6,929, 286 91.0
757, 487
65. 6
246, 616
98.0 16, 945, 276
81.5
United States
1878...
6, 562, 327
601, 183
278, 711
14, 288, 233
Total
1879...
United States
Total..
9, 616, 206 68.3
7,258, 130
10, 410, 174
1,073, 883
55.9
279, 285
99.7 | 20, 516, 971
64.7
490, 693
275, 744
14, 957, 741
69.7
885, 740
55.3
279, 219
98.7 21, 476, 610
69.6
'Includes the Province of Quebec.
*Includes $837,592, or 2.3 per cent., for ships built at Quebec.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
465
(c.) Export of Products of the Province of Quebec to the United States.
Produce of
Mines.
Produce of Fish- Produce of For-
eries.
ests.
Animals and
their Products.
Years.


Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
1869....
United States..
$51,308
$97, 276
$2, 186, 338
$1,975, 749
Total
419, 015 12. 3
570, 597
17.0 | 10, 722, 651
20.4
4, 982, 564
39.9
1870..
United States..
104, 994
32,756
3,033, 714
2,283, 585
Total
359, 656
33.9
573, 720
57. 1
11, 814, 784
25. 6
6, 099, 752
37.4
1871..
United States....
54, 283
47, 880
2, 004, 243
2, 153, 214
Total
256, 633
25.4
678, 162
7.1
12, 138, 510
16.5
6, 319, 351
34. 1.
1872.
United States.
39, 330
38, 636
2, 082, 876
2, 063, 864
Total.
177, 942
22. 1
758, 970
5. 1
13, 059, 684
15.9
7, 204, 952
28.6
1873....
United States
56, 297
36, 921
2, 512, 730
2, 288, 281
Total.
274, 582
20.5
803, 234
4.6
14, 157, 317
17.8
7,630, 990
21. 2
1874...
United States...
29, 276
54, 361
1, 620, 511
1,754, 596
Total
216, 414 13. 5
778, 672
6.9
13, 115, 106
12. 4
8, 189, 057
21.4
1875...
United States..
42, 349
102, 249
1, 210, 233
1, 381, 936
Total
-
195, 674 21.6
652, 859
15. 6
14, 175, 205
8.5
7, 298, 890
17. 1
1876..
United States..
4, 420
70, 903
773, 066
1, 020, 911
Total
366, 719
12.5
714, 755
9.8 11, 049, 577
7.0
8, 481, 877
12.0
1877...
United States……..
102, 150
68, 073
742, 044
•
1, 157, 227
Total
406, 248
25.1
913, 293
1878....
S United States.
73, 546
74, 160
7.4 13,748, 648
716, 462
5.4
9, 397, 182
12.3
967, 047
Total
230, 233
31.9
864, 499
8.5 10, 349, 915
6.9
6, 692, 250
14. 4
1879.
{
United States.
40, 556
Total
236, 448
17.1
58, 614
797, 662
7.3
693, 370
5, 274, 894
1, 167, 030
13. 1
7,043, 290
16.5
Agricultural Pro-
ducts.
Manufactures.
Other Articles.
Total.
Years.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
1869..
United States..
Total
$863, 472
$443, 779
$5, 617, 922
4,856, 417
17.7
847, 423
52.3 $1, 147, 477
00.0
23,546, 054
23. &
1870. . . .
(United States.
Total.
1, 006, 135
371, 633
135, 058
7,575, 383
6, 829, 621
14.7
951, 577
39.0
792, 566
17.0
1871...
United States...
Total
27,421, 676 27.6
938, 933
289, 076
58,280
5, 640, 313
4, 588, 473
20.4
784, 677
36.8
1872...
United States
1, 280, 015
360, 957
638, 103
98, 510
9.1 25, 403, 909
22.2
5, 964, 188
Total.
6, 370, 743
29.0
805, 340
44.8
176, 671
55.9
28, 886, 561
20.6
1873...
·
1874..
1875....
United States.
Total
United States..
Total
United States...
Total
701, 809
368, 267
112, 265
6, 976, 968
9, 004, 703
7.8
1,097, 159
33.5
191 517
58 1
33, 942, 403
25.5
1876...
United States.
1, 349, 781
11, 256, 057
797, 353
8, 800, 400
523, 384
379, 220
105, 474
5, 299, 219
11. 9
917, 404
41.3
162, 732
64.8 | 35, 432, 673
15.0
307, 700
86, 738
3,928, 558
9.0
1, 126, 262 27.3
157, 077
55.2 33, 195, 817
11. 2
412, 926
155, 671
2, 961, 281
Total
13, 826, 902
3.8
2,664, 353
15. 4
278, 120
55.9
37, 382, 303
7.9
1877...
United States.
735, 298
487, 876
47, 591
3, 340, 259
Total
10, 390, 785
7.1
2, 001, 742
24. 3
107, 968
44.1
37, 311, 145
8.9
1878...
United States...
Total
226,985
251, 284
76, 332
2, 385, 816
7, 139, 806
3.1
1,689, 720
1.5
109, 198
69 9
27,075, 621
8.8
1879....
United States..
Total
266, 932
7, 253, 052
3.0
276, 205
963, 241
68, 401
2,571, 488
28.6
93, 948
72.8
72.8 | 21,662, 537
11.9
30 FOR
:
466
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Export of Products of the Province of New Brunswick to the United States, compared
with the Total Exportation.

Produce of Mines.
Produce of Fish- Produce of For- Animals and their
eries.
ests.
Products.
Years.
Value.
Auto
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.
United States.
1868..
$185, 905
$160, 741
Total..
$333, 391
$27, 127
219 404 84.7
325, 655
49.3
United States..
1869..
190, 700
225, 302
2,908, 929
469, 045
11. 1
32, 934
82.4
Total.
29, 207
198, 265
96. 1
362, 749
62.1
United States.
3, 555, 547
13.2
30, 650
95.4
1870..
160, 552
237, 962
475, 260
Total.
50, 834
173, 388
92.5
408, 186
58.3
United States
2, 952, 179
16.9
55 519
91.5
1871..
171, 538
224, 679
707, 217
Total.
68, 148
172, 551
99.3
374, 379
60.0
3,042, 828
23.2
United States.
71, 454
95.4
1872..
136, 583
157, 142
714, 753
Total
72, 212
158, 741
86.0
271, 059
57.3
3, 356, 229
21. 3
United States
1873..
191, 723
79,580
90. 1
207, 382
639, 526
16, 684
Total.
203, 608
94. 1
339, 952
66.9
United States
3,978, 981
16. 1
184, 092
8.1
1874..
218, 447
229, 091
469, 157
Total
202, 013
223, 340
97.8
393, 772
58.2
4, 711, 812
9.9
United States.
208, 902
96.8
1875.. {
184, 413
276, 275
505, 388
261, 307
Total..
187, 704 98. 2
451, 905
61. 1
4, 584, 738
11. 0
United States.
264, 338
90.9
1876..
114, 952
283, 646
438, 447
147, 858
Total..
115, 604
99.4
423, 025
66. 1
4,367, 308
10.0
1877..
United States.
155, 714
94.9
116, 637
300, 944
505, 714
Total
105, 262
117, 852
98.9
416, 080
72.3
4, 766, 408
10.6
106, 697
97.9
United States
1878..
165, 468
603, 536
163, 987
140, 433
Total.
165, 492
99.9
800, 445
75.3
4, 269, 603
3.8
142, 911
98. 2
1879..
United States.
153, 328
486, 555
180, 156
118, 394
Total ..
153, 449
99.9
681, 124
71.4
3, 622, 514
4.9
121, 163
97.7
Years.
Value.
Agricultural pro-
ducts.
Per cent.
Value.
Manufactures.
Per cent.
Value.
Other articles.
Per cent.
1868..
United States..
Total ...
$4, 752
24, 335
19.5
$140, 432
608, 561
23. 1
$3,238
4, 455
72.9
1869..
United States.
Total
$855, 586
4, 124, 273
27.5
3, 101
68, 912
17, 502 17.7
618, 369
11. 1
1870..
United States..
Total
8, 361
31, 814 26. 3
994, 600
4, 814, 896
26.5
7,891
107, 757
9,003
1, 149, 259
47, 161
16.7
717, 470
15. 1
1871..
United States.
24, 012
98, 283
9, 268
18, 473
97.1
4,363, 171
26. 3
1, 312, 268
Total
53, 516 44. 9
807, 465
12. ?
19, 173 96. 3
1872..
United States
4, 541, 366
28.9
56, 765
101, 244
20, 243
Total
1,258, 942
92,035
61.6
761, 505
13. 3
20, 859
97.3
1873..
United States.
4, 740, 008
26.0
32, 966
116, 126
19, 853
1, 374, 260
Total
64, 231
51.3
858, 791
13.5
20, 086
99.0
1874..
United States..
5, 649, 741
24.3
40, 385
73, 718
14, 553
1,247, 364
Total
110,856 36. 4
477, 898
15. 3
15, 377
94.6
6, 141, 957
20.3
1875..
United States.
85,548
111, 421
13, 809
1, 438, 161
Total
112, 317
76. 1
435, 099
25.6
13, 809 100.0
1876..
United States
6, 049, 910
23.8
28, 904
175, 002
50, 672
1, 239, 481
Total.
52, 177
55.4
782,993
22.4
54, 003
93.8
1877..
United States.
5,950, 824
28.3
140, 036
152,765
23, 400
Total
1, 344, 758
151, 579
92.3
407, 298
37.5
26, 861
87.1
5, 992, 775
22. 4
1878..
United States.
19, 749
90, 527
11,779
1, 195, 479
Total
36, 976 53. 4
481, 211
15.0
12, 531
94.0
5, 909, 172
20.2
1879..
United States
Total...
169, 122
185, 071 91. 3
57, 512
120, 062
47.9
12, 339
12, 952
1, 177, 406
95. 3
4,896, 335
24.0
Value.
Total.
Per cent.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
467
Years.
Years.
Value.
(e.) Export of Products of the Province of Nova Scotia to the United States, compared with
the total Exportation.
Per cent.
Value.
Produce of Fish- Produce of For- Animals and their
Produce of Mines.
eries.
ests.
Products.
Per cent.
1868..
United States..
$486, 752
Total
1869..
United States..
620, 352 78.5
767, 758
$635, 072
2,406, 551
$171, 915
$24, 339
26.4
881, 544
19.5
314, 363
7.7
689, 776
287, 508
18, 781
Total
1,036, 029
74.8
2, 235, 519
30.9
1, 076, 686
26.7
1870..
United States.
350, 906
53.5
440, 631
574, 800
305, 279
Total
26, 098
723, 120
60.9
2, 541, 607
22.6
1, 058, 314
28.9
1871..
United States..
310, 235
8.4
589, 849
535, 527
266, 356
Total
48, 830
797, 997
73.8
2, 852, 255
18.9
1872..
United States.
1, 063, 140
25. 1
405, 868
12.0
480, 355
584, 514
256, 767
42, 375
Total
603, 212
79.6
3, 258, 568
18.2
1, 159, 827
22.1
1873..
United States.
376, 521
11. 2
474, 471
993, 036
455, 518
Total
47, 6:5
764, 884
62. 3
3, 497, 435
28. 4
1, 349, 973
33.7
1874..
United States.
358, 791
13. 2
768, 090
1, 143, 870
235, 823
Total
57, 018
1, 050, 186
73.1
3, 791, 152
30.2
1, 356, 752
17. 3
1875..
United States.
334, 449
17.0
412, 860
892, 010
167, 279
{ Total
17, 168
685, 900
60.2
1876.. {United States.
3, 738, 165
23.8
1, 151, 162
14.9
439, 335
39. 1
291, 738
877, 693
104, 431
22, 512
492, 957
58. 1
4, 024, 757
21.6
912, 014
11. 4
411, 646
1877..
United States.
5. 4
233, 195
715, 958
103, 882
Total
25, 316
406, 343
57.3
4, 157, 193
17.2
1, 009, 241
16.3
1878..
United States.
452, 635
5.6
327, 645
1, 073, 449
104, 509
Total
32, 031
470, 728
69.6
4,322, 925
24.8
1879..
United States..
1, 011, 528
10.3
376, 498
8.7
199, 431
Total
335, 985
58.9
909, 020
4, 498, 925
108, 170
26, 761
20.2
796, 703
13.5
332, 272
8. 0
Agricultural Pro-
ducts.
Manufactures.
Other Products.
Total.
I
Per cent.
United States.
1868..
$98, 312
Total ..
204, 637
48.0
United States.
1869..
39, 770
$52,023-
129, 827
22,436
40.0
Total
181, 739
21.8
133, 399
16.7
$2,072
6, 094
4, 674
16, 981
$1,470, 485
34.0
4, 563, 368
1,831, 054
32.2
27.5
5, 031, 859
36.3
United States.
1870..
16, 086
94, 358
855
1, 473, 895
Total
185, 564
18.6
235, 192
40.1
6, 947
12. 1
5,061, 039
29.1
United States.
1871..
Total
99, 784
232, 489 42.9
90, 701
9, 437
1, 640, 442
295, 320
30.7
32, 289
29.2
5, 679, 058
28.8
United States
1872..
51, 648
96, 352
5, 154
1, 517, 165
Total ...
210, 889
24. 4
341, 863
28.1
48, 137
10.7
5, 999, 017
25.2
United States.
1873..
50, 782
120, 253
17, 214
2, 158, 899
Total
216, 689
23.3
374, 767
31.8
19, 630
87.6
6, 582, 167
32.7
United States..
1874..
82, 446
133, 707
4, 228
2, 425, 182
Total.
225, 340
36.5
418, 808
31.9
5, 410
78.0
7, 182, 097
33.7
1875.. {Total
(United States.
41, 395
15, 708
1,277
1,547, 697
179, 816
23.0
250, 085
6.2
1,867
68.3
6, 446, 330
24.0
United States.
1876..
10, 204
143, 297
13, 450
1, 463, 325
Total.
157, 293
6. 4
1, 083, 603
13.2
44, 271
30.3
7, 126, 541
20.5
1877..
United States
446, 105
178, 600
7, 416
1,710, 472
Total
585, 018
76.2
1878.-{ Total.
United States..
113, 628
316, 533
35.8
1, 117, 494
38, 120
556, 587
15.9
30, 778
24.9
7,758, 702
22.0
311
1,689, 693
6.6
857
36.2
7,050, 656
23.9
1879.. { Total
United States.
320, 066
509, 225
62.8
55, 779
473, 753
337
1, 619, 554
11. 7
879 38.2
6, 947, 812
23.3
Value.
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.
Value.
Per cent.

468
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(f.) Export of Products of the Province of Prince Edward Island to the United States,
compared with the Total Exportation.

The Mine.
The Fisheries.
The Forest.
Animals and Ani.
mal Products.
Years.

Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
1874..
United States.
$106, 376
Total
$64, 182
$713
00.0
135, 234
78.6
51, 118
00.0
97, 125
1875..
United States.
66. 1
50
272, 340
250
60, 890
Total
454
11. 0
308, 037
90.0
105, 487
0.2
94, 047
64.7
United States.
1876..
138, 064
69, 770
Total
6, 276
00.0
181, 226
76.2
77, 730
00.0
United States
118,823
58.9
1877..
1, 195
130, 558
145
46, 343
Total
4,895
24.4
192, 419
67.8
70, 425
0.2
82, 626
56.5
187S.-
United States
314, 136
15
53, 029
Total
349, 787
89.8
56, 858
0.03
95, 311
55. 6
1879.. {Total
United States.
188, 791
179
46, 645
45
00.0
219, 431
86.0
40, 258
0.4
74, 545
62.5
Agricultural Pro-
ducts.
Manufactures.
Other Products.
Total.
Years.

Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Por
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
United States..
1874..
$21, 939
$193, 571
Total
419, 426
5. 2
$6,446
00.0
$2,944
00.0
713, 006
27.0
United States.
1875..
29, 181
36
153
362, 900
Total
789, 070
3.7
5, 391
0.7
979
15. 6
1, 301, 465
27. 1
1876..
United States
8, 813
1,033
217, 710
> Total
667, 028
1. 3
613, 202
0.2
1, 234
00.0
1, 665, 519
13.7
United States..
1877..
413, 380
5, 889
597, 510
Total.
1, 219, 679
33.9
349, 604
1.7
1,376
00.0
1, 921, 217
15.4
1878..
United States.
47, 633
1,250
416, 063
Total..
865, 555
5.5
325, 519
0.3
1, 693, 030
24.6
United States
1879.. {Total
544, 194
1, 316
781, 125
1, 234, 685 44. 1
256, 592
0.5
1,825, 556
42.8
(g.) Export of Products of the Province of British Columbia to the United States, com-
pared with the Total Exportation.
The Mine.
The Fisheries.
The Forest.
Animals and their
Products.
Years.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
1873--{ Total
United States..
$1, 300, 597
$11, 409
$91, 841
1, 389, 585
93.6
37, 706
30.2
United States
1874..
1, 342, 152
4,368
Total ..
1, 351, 145
99.3
114, 118
38.2
$214, 377
588
260, 116 0.2
00.0
214, 700
42.6
158, 706
330, 625
48.0
1875..
(United States
1, 927, 636
7, 116
Total
1,929, 294
99.9
133, 986
53. 1
32
292, 468
206, 555
0.1
United States.
411, 810
41. 0
1876..
2,016, 383
19, 681
150, 608
Total.
2,032, 350
99.0
71, 349
27.5
273, 430
00.0
329, 307
44. 8
United States.
1877.. Total
1,647, 188
17, 053
1,708, 938
99. 3
105, 608
16. 1
12, 077
286, 442
48, 556
4. 2
240,893
20.1
1878..
1879.. {United States.
Total
United States.
> Total
1, 720, 446
211, 113
250
170, 030
1,759, 171
97.9
423, 840
49.8
327, 360
0.1
257, 314
66.2
1, 497, 285
161, 976
184, 748
1,531, 115
97.8
633, 493
25. 6
273, 366
00.0
269, 658
68.5
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
469
(g.) Export of Products of the Province of British Columbia, &c.-Continued.


Agricultural pro-
ducts.
Manufactures.
Miscellaneous.
Total.
Years.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
Value.
Per
cent.
United States.
1873..
$1,370
$1, 405, 217
Total...
$142
00.0
1, 540
88.9
1,858, 050
70.5
1874..
United States..
5, 296
353
1, 511, 462
Total.
5, 290 100.0
443
80.0
•
·
2, 061, 743
73.3
1875..
United States
9, 727
2, 151, 066
Total.
9, 727 100.0
2, 824, 812
76. 1
1876..
United States.
2, 337
39, 005
Total
3,080
75.9
45, 226
86. 2
$788
1, 044
2, 229, 002
75.4
2,755, 787
80.8
1877..
United States..
3, 256
1, 550
1,859, 247
>
Total..
3, 256 100.0
46, 770
33. 1
948 00.0
2, 393, 057
77.7
1878..
United States.
Total
462
2, 102, 301
462 100.0
2,768, 147
75.9
United States.
1879.. Total
(h.) Export of Products of the Province of Manitoba to the United States, compared with the
Total Exportation.

1872...
1873..
1874.
1875..
1876...
1877...
1878.
Years.
The Mine.
The Fish-
eries.
Animals and
The
Forests.
their Pro-
ducts.
$25
55
$75, 654
244, 642
$823
776, 435
737
585, 687
5
· 786
764, 537
336
736
651, 257
174
1,857
1689, 681
392
2, 635
2474, 071
1879...
¹Of this, $46,841 was to the United States, and the remainder to Great Britain.
2Of this, $137,038 was to the United States, and the remainder to Great Britain.

Years.
Agricultu- Mauufac- Other
1872...
1873...
1874...
1875.
1876...
1877...
1878...
1879....
ral Pro-
ducts.
tures.
Articles.
Total.
$187
110
$6, 756
$2, 919
$85, 541
1,407
2
246, 216
10
4, 213
781, 481
2,531
588, 958
47
4, 813
770, 188
123
1, 364
653, 816
835
3725, 760
892
4511, 742
133, 212
233, 752
¹Of this, $6,254 was to the United States, the remainder to Great Britain.
2 Of this, $30,214 was to the United States, the remainder to Great Britain.
8 Of this, $53 was to the United States, the remainder to Great Britain.
4Of this, $137,068 was to the United States, the remainder to Great Britain.
470
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
4. EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM CANADA SINCE THE FORMATION OF
THE DOMINION GOVERNMENT, DISTINGUISHING THE SEVERAL CLASSES OF PRO-
DUCTS BY PROVINCES, AND SPECIFYING THE AMOUNT EXPORTED TO THE UNITED
STATES, AND THE AMOUNT NOT THE PRODUCE OF CANADA.¹
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber.
1.—ASH TIMBER.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada, 2
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO.
Tons.
1869...
Tons.
Tons.
65
1870..
2, 484
$352
1,682
65
$352
1871.
291
2, 984
1,682
721
1873
291
721
11
47
1876..
•
11
632
4,880
47
632
4,880
QUEBEC.
18683
253
1869...
1,318
3,909
32.715
15
39
1870..
4, 414
38
34, 861
74
1871...
4,539
22
36, 044
67
1872...
5, 575
36
52, 824
113
1873.
6, 970
51
68, 499
243
1874.
6, 064
16
66, 250
65
1875.
6,822
83, 662
146
747
1876.
9, 153
5
113, 044
9
1877...
6, 870
78, 285
15
1878...
$126
10, 181
106, 368
33
1879.
206
5,400
50, 350
33
349
2, 012
19, 076
550
2,045
NOVA SCOTIA
1879....
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1875.
1877
1878..
20
93
2
10
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
1869...
1870...
1871.
1872..
1873..
1874.
1875..
1876..
1877.
1878...
1879...
ONTARIO.
1869.
1870..
1871.
1872.
1873...
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877..
1879.
QUEBEC.
18683
1869
1870...
1871...
20
93
1
4
2
190
10
252
1, 318
80
3,909
32, 715
391
3,022
4, 479
1,756
35, 213
7, 523
313
37, 726
788
5, 860
36
53, 549
113
6, 970
62
68, 495
290
6, 075
16
66, 297
65
6,822
166
83, 662
840
9, 173
637
113, 137
4,889
7,502
83, 165
15
126
10, 182
166, 372
33
206
5, 402
33
349
2,652
50, 360
21, 121
2.-BASSWOOD, BUTTERNUT, AND HICKORY.
M feet.
M feet.
M feet.
99
$400
99
$400
58
337
58
337
172
1,720
172
1, 720
163
1, 325
163
1, 325
129
987
129
987
36
190
36
190
205
2, 655
205
2, 655
1, 108
11, 085
1, 108
11, 085
547
5, 462
547
5, 462
228
2, 600
229
2, 610
64
679
607
11, 477
75
625
474
8, 052
104
71
954
836
756
14, 517
1, 983
43, 894
In the returns for 1868, Ontario and Quebec were reported together.
2 With a very slight exception in the Maritime Provinces, this column represents the amount of
Forest Products produced in the United States that find a foreign market through the ports of Canada.
This specification was introduced in 1876, and the blanks above have no signification above that year.
3 Quebec and Ontario.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
471
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
2.-BASSWOOD, BUTTERNUT, AND HICKORY-Continued.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Value. Quantity.
Quantity. Value.
QUEBEC-Continued.
M feet.
1872
M feet.
327
1873...
8
$3, 184
80
M feet.
1,338
$23, 185
1874.
10
1875.
•
1876..
1877
1878.
1879...
14
ེན་ཚ
748
16, 605
97
1, 414
18, 045
1, 906
35, 616
144
923
28, 740
140
1, 455
11
$104
1, 372
34, 401
349
2, 509
1, 060
21, 406
94
917
381
7,274
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
1869..
64
679
607
11, 477
174
1, 025
573
1870....
8, 452
162
1, 291
814
14, 854
1871.
243
2,556
2, 155
1872...
45, 611
490
4, 509
-
1873.
1, 571
51, 003
137
1, 067
877
17.592
1874..
46
287
1, 450
1875...
18, 235
205
2,655
2, 111
1876.
38, 271
1, 122
11, 229
2,031
1877.
39, 825
687
6, 917
11
104
1878....
1, 919
39, 863
349
2,509
1879...
1, 060
21, 406
322
3, 517
610
9, 884
3.-BIRCH TIMBER.
1674.
1876..
1877....
ONTARIO.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
850
$5,950
850
600
5,816
600
60
600
60
$5,950
5, 846
600
QUEBEC.
18682
1869..
1
1
9,988
1870.
14, 031
1871.
12, 003
85, 517
112,348
96, 187
10
32
1872...
8,859
72, 011
16
49
9, 772
1873...
75, 957
1874.
15, 041
133, 816
1875.
19, 315
224, 980
1876.
17,828
193, 053
1877...
11, 803
98, 490
1878..
14, 371
133, 072
60
155
24
1879.
$160
10, 127
87,956
3, 317
30, 136
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868..
82
253
1869..
2.838
87
15, 662
281
1870.
3, 410
17, 557
1871...
3, 799
25, 062
74
296
1872...
5, 102
29, 728
1873.
1,264
7,602
1874.
1,803
17, 688
17
174
1875
2, 449
21, 600
50
255
1876...
9, 107
46, 269
1877..
4, 629
26, 898
•
1878...
6, 630
37,008
1879...
6,977
41, 044
4,327
20, 661
NEW BRUNSWICK
1868..
1869...
10, 357
63, 177
1870....
13, 936
8
93, 399
20
1871...
14, 182
224
91, 357
1, 649
1872...
14, 231
128
84, 610
1, 598
1873.
14, 268
489
3, 738
89, 486
1874.
13, 906
1, 709
90, 560
4, 186
1875
20, 449
298
2, 215
148, 438
1876..
1877..
1878.
1879.
■ ·
22, 660
391
193, 626
2, 958
14, 797
114, 463
18, 861
116, 305
97
682
12, 431
80, 454
10
30
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
12,927
73, 541
2 Quebec and Ontario.
472
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
3.-BIRCH TIMBER-Continued.

To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.
Quantity. Value.
Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Tons.
1876.
Tons.
Tons.
1877
-
1, 348
$7, 177
1878..
2,364
9, 338
1879.
1,738
7, 674
616
2,282
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
83
1869.
$254
23, 163
164, 356
87
281
1870...
31, 377
223, 304
8
20
1871..
30, 044
308
212, 606
1,977
1872.
28, 192
186, 379
144
1, 647
1873..
25, 304
173, 045
489
1874.
3, 738
22, 401
267.576
2, 576
10, 310
1875.
43, 968
348
2, 470
405, 796
1876.
54, 194
991
1877...
8, 804
458, 099
33, 177
252, 874
60
600
1878...
42, 286
296, 323
60
155
121
1879
$842
31, 273
217, 128
10
30
21, 187
126, 620
4.-ELM TIMBER.
ONTARIO.
1869.
221
1870.
$758
221
3, 065
$758
1871.
5, 521
1872.
1, 674
3, 065
6, 585
5, 521
504
1, 674
6, 585
1873.
2,242
504
175
2,242
779
1874.
175
779
45
135
1875..
45
135
852
1878.
9, 871
852
100
9, 871
500
1879.
100
500
20
140
20
140
QUEBEC.
18682
84
806
1869.
33, 657
2
309, 518
5
1870.
35,744
3
318, 344
9
1871.
30, 433
308, 461
1872
25, 782
261, 144
16
49
1873
22, 927
227, 607
1874
22, 226
266, 797
1875.
27, 651
394, 705
1876.
25, 777
379, 638
1877.
20, 940
231, 354
1878.
26, 918
324, 689
155
1, 579
1879..
104
$870
20, 284
226, 951
33
350
8, 618
97, 828
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1877.
1878
1879...
·
2220
1
21
4
114
10
76
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
84
806
1869.
223
33, 657
309, 518
763
1870..
3, 070
35, 965
319, 002
1871.
5, 530
33, 498
313, 982
1,748
6, 881
1872.
27, 456
267, 729
542
1873
2, 295
23, 431
229, 849
175
779
1874.
22, 401
267, 576
45
132
1875
27, 696
394, 840
852
9, 871
1876.
26, 629
389, 509
1877.
20, 940
231, 354
1878..
26, 919
324, 689
255
1879.
2, 079
104
870
20, 405
227, 565
20
140
33
350
8, 648
98, 044
From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
473
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
5.-HEMLOCK LOGS.

To the United Not the Produce Total Exportation.
States.
of Canada.¹
Value. Quantity. Value.Quantity.
Value.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity Value.
ONTARIO.
M feet.
1876.
M feet.
M feet.
123
$616
123
1877.
$616
577
2, 681
577
1878.
2,681
355
1, 285
355
1879...
1, 285
217
1, 019
217
1, 019
QUEBEC.
1876.
1 378
1, 486
1877.
1878.
1,378
1, 486
9
19
9
19
-
902
4, 968
902
1879.
1, 156
2, 341
1. 156
4, 968
2, 341
NOVA SCOTIA.
1877..
1878..
13
163
1879.
919
2, 097
2
48
TOTAL CANADA.
1876..
1877
1, 501
2, 102
1, 493
2, 102
596
2,700
1878...
599
2, 863
1, 257
6, 253
1879..
2, 202
8, 350
1, 373
3, 360
1,375
3,408
6.-MAPLE TIMBER.
ONTARIO.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
1869.
194
$445
194
$445
1870..
1,500
180
1,500
180
1871.
225
317
225
317
1873.
103
596
103
596
1874..
340
350
340
350
QUEBEC.
18682
1869.
1870
1871
1872.
1873.
1874
1875
16
49
221
381
11
103
45
66
1876.
1877.
1878
1879...
6
19
464
3, 318
373
2,250
59
120
1,226
618
4, 429
1, 288
14,558
655
7,595
965
13, 204
767
6, 127
457
4, 425
1
$5
252
2, 194
31
318
529
NOVA SCOTIA.
1871...
1875...
3
21
1877...
239
100
202080
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1874
1877
1878...
8
50
13
104
13
104
6
24
11
55
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1878..
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
1869
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873
1874.
1875..
1876
1877
1878
1879..
123
990
6
19
472
3, 368
221
551
60, 189
778, 239
1, 500
180
709
1, 559
241
366
317
1, 553
221
381
618
4, 429
114
699
1, 391.
15, 154
353
454
1,008
8, 049
48
87
13, 225
767
472
6, 127
4, 549
1
5
386 :
3, 239
34
318
968!
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only. 2 Quebec and Ontario.
474
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
7.-OAK LOGS. (See 8.)
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada.¹
Total Exportations.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity. Value.
Value.
Quantity. Value.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO.
1869..
1870.
M fect.
331
M feet.
M feet.
$5, 380
381
$5, 380
875
9, 159
1871.
875
9, 153
1, 173
12, 173
1872.
1, 173
12, 173
725
8,020
1873.
725
8,020
1, 326. 611
22, 767
1874.
1, 326. 611
22, 767
991
9, 625
1875..
991
9, 625
66
626
1876.
66
626
365
4, 527
1877.
365
4,572
408
3, 891
214
1878.
$3, 210
1,297
17, 221
1, 013
8,745
1879...
1, 013
1,056
10,472
1,056
8, 745
10,472
QUEBEC.
1877...
214
3, 210
809
13, 330
TOTAL CANADA.
1870..
876
9, 165
876
1871..
9, 165
1, 173
12, 173
1972.
1, 173
12, 173
725
8,028
725
1873
8,028
1, 328
22, 767
1874..
1,328
22, 767
991
9, 625
991
1875
9, 625
(See Ontario.)3
66
626
8.-OAK TIMBER. (See 7.)
ONTARIO.
Tons.
1.869
Tons.
Tons.
1870.
7,959
$42, 695
15, 441
7,959
$42, 695
1871
61, 108
15, 441
12, 204
1872
81, 546
61, 108
10, 235
12, 204
81, 546
1873..
64, 118
10, 235
11, 128
64, 118
1874.
81, 120
11, 128
15, 511
1875.
81, 556
81, 120
1, 438
15, 511
81, 556
1876
12, 918
1, 438
3, 058
12, 918
1877
16, 303
1878..
1, 560
3, 058
L
16, 303
9, 956
1, 560
965
9,956
1879..
6, 173
965
324
6, 173
3, 322
324
3, 322
QUEBEC.
1868 2
1869
13, 077
1870.
1871...
1872.
258 25
75, 109
63, 841
723, 911
106
59, 995
777, 794
248
53, 218
745, 429
82, 547
1, 269, 275
131
1873.
78, 477
1, 216, 302
1874
72, 046
1, 161, 364
1875
74, 914
1, 512, 543
1876
80, 476
1,619, 296
1877.
63, 894
1,076, 707
1878
1879..
2,839
3, 475
44, 414
96, 206 | 1, 632, 129
48, 630
71, 398
680
10, 464
27, 135
1, 139, 003
415, 663
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1875...
45
450
TOTAL CANADA.
1868
1869
1870.
13, 077
7,986
75, 109
63, 841
723, 911
42, 801
1871...
15, 476
67, 954
820, 489
61, 356
68, 326
1872..
12, 204
81, 546
806, 537
94, 751
1873
10, 267
1, 350, 921
64, 249
88,712
11, 128
1, 280, 420
1874..
81, 120
83, 174
15, 511
1, 242, 484
1875.
81, 556
90, 425
1.438
1, 594, 099
1870..
12, 918
1877.
3, 058
81, 959
1, 632, 664
16. 303
66, 952
1878.
1, 560
1,093, 010
9,956
2,839
44, 414
97, 766
1. 642, 085
965
1879.
6, 173
3,475
48, 630
72, 303
1, 145, 176
324
3, 322
680
10, 464
27, 459
418, 985
From 1876 to 1879 only. 2 Quebec and Ontario.
3 Total 1877, 2, 106 M ft. $30,551.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
475
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
9.—PINE LOGS (not otherwise specified: See 10, 11, 12).
Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.


Quantity, Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO.
1869...
1870.
M feet.
M feet.
M feet.
3, 584
$15, 940
3,584
18, 034
$15, 940
85, 022
1871...
18, 034
85, 022
13, 163
1872..
60, 340
13, 163
60, 340
5, 634
22, 515
1873.
5, 634
4,816. 402
28, 518
33, 306
1874.
4,816. 402
3,851
33, 306
1875.
21, 792
3, 851
1, 423
21, 792
6, 165
1876.
1, 423
425
6, 165
1877.
1,857
425
1,857
444
1878...
1,831
444
1, 831
106
673
1879..
106
673
72
784
72
784
QUEBEC.
1869...
705
1870...
1, 197
705
59
1, 197
580
1871....
59
580
41
286
1872...
41
286
28
248
1873.
28
248
24
299
24
299
11
60
11
60
36
287
36
287
1877.
1879..
TOTAL CANADA.
1870...
18, 093
1871..
85, 602
18.093
13, 204
85, 602
1872..
60, 626
13, 204
5, 663
1873.
28, 763
60, 626
4,840
5,663
1874.
33, 605
28, 763
4,840
3, 851
1875.
21, 792
33, 605
1, 423
3, 851
21, 792
1876.
6, 165
-
425
1, 423
1877..
1878..
1879.
1,857
6, 165
425
455
1, 857
1, 891
455
106
1,891
673
106
973
108
1,071
108
1, 071
10.-PINE TIMBER (not otherwise specified: See 9, 11, 12).
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876...
1878..
Tons.
Tons.
11.-PINE (WHITE). SQUARE TIMBER (See 9, 10).
Tons.
5
$36
51
203
ONTARIO.
1869.
1870.
1871.
Tons.
4, 971
2,073
1,826
Tons.
Tons.
1872..
1873.
1, 797
$33, 982
7,890
9, 950
10, 115
4, 971
2, 073
1,826
$33, 982
7,890
9, 950
1, 797
9433
1874.
3,999
10, 115
943
2, 311
1875.
33,392
3, 999
2, 311
1, 513
1876...
9,348
33, 392
969
1, 513
1877.
5, 287
9, 348
969
1, 637
1879..
9, 097
5, 287
88
1, 637
635
9, 097
88
635
QUEBEC.
18682.
43, 484
120, 890
1869...
10, 684
439, 007
26, 856
1870...
28, 210
413, 331
75, 847
2,311, 787
2,515, 074
1871..
20, 378
362, 995
60.934
2,698, 064
1872.
16, 620
350, 328
46, 557
3,314, 354
1873..
22, 334
112, 809
426, 462 | 4, 109, 121
1874.
372, 467
3, 901, 364
1875.
4, 913
250, 611
1876
29, 084
2, 679, 235
4,890
1877.
22, 307
340, 897
3, 488, 455
285, 202
1878..
1, 330
1,400
$10, 698
408, 649
1879..
6, 296
4, 211, 641
6, 215
45, 169
53
298, 213
213
2,912, 636
2, 805, 229
1, 683
17, 883
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
124, 746 | 1,070, 740
2Quebec and Ontario.
476
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
11.—PINE (WHITE), &c.—Continued.

To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada,¹·
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Quantity. Value.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tons.
Tons.
1868..
1869.
1870.
1873
1874.
1879..
38888888
Tons.
810
2, 649
$3,777
13, 700
994
68
168
68
264
75
338
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868
1869
60
$683
1870
*
1871
1872.
1873..
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879..
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1877..
16, 020
152, 065
10, 863
92, 501
9.493
98, 133
4, 210
24, 857
5, 567
36, 738
18
7,076
180
67, 987
98
4,381
659
27, 667
37
6, 763
188
46, 252
3, 265
25, 301
363
$4,362
3, 279
26, 474
1,070
13, 440
5, 037
51, 649
4, 252
32, 248
222
3, 330
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879...
43, 484
120, 890
15, 815
455, 837
61, 521
30, 283
83, 737
431, 814
22, 204
374, 561
70, 884
2,467, 629
2, 655, 257
2,805, 082
18, 417
356, 364
56, 672
3, 349, 161
23, 277
433.826
116, 808
4, 155, 974
2, 329
380, 554
33, 572
3, 973, 518
6, 524
256, 371
39, 091
2,740, 558
5, 896
349, 173
27, 782
3, 544, 255
1, 637
289, 441
9, 095
1, 692
15, 060
413, 787
1,400
6, 296
4, 250, 540
7, 285
58, 609
303, 801
141
848
2,943, 260
2,857, 081
1, 683
17, 883
129, 161
1, 103, 961
12.-PINE (RED). SQUARE TIMBER (See 9, 10).

ONTARIO.
1869..
Tons.
52
Tons.
$207
1871.
197
1, 179
1872
146
876
1874..
500
7,000
Tons.
52
$207
197
1, 179
146
500
876
7,000
QUEBEC.
18682...
233
1,520
1869
65, 952
438, 256
1870..
56, 808
407, 142
367
1,025
1871.
45, 301
333, 750
398
1, 581
1872
€0, 028
404, 443
45, 388
1873.
387, 100
747
5, 005
1874..
40, 959
400, 986
1875
20, 034
240, 955
124
803
44, 051
432,886
1876
1877
37, 040
300, 154
126
1,000
21
$132
1878..
56, 138
403, 135
742
3, 780
37,453
268, 188
1879..
223
2,045
20, 625
142, 550
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1877..
1879...
381
47
4,863
188
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
1869
1870...
1871..
1872.
233
52
1,520
207
367
1,025
595
2, 760
146
876
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
65, 952
56, 860
438, 256
407, 349
45, 301
333,756
50, 225
405, 622
E
45, 534
387, 976
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
477
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber-Continued.
12.—PINE (RED), &c.—Continued.

Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.'
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
TOTAL CANADA—Continued.
Tons.
Tons.
1873...
Tons.
747
$5, 005
1874.
40, 959
$400, 986
500
7,000
1875..
20, 534
247, 955
124
803
1876..
44, 056
432, 946
1877.
37, 040
300, 154
126
1,000
21
1878..
$132
56, 540
408, 130
742
3.780
1879..
37, 453
268, 188
223
2, 045
20, 662
142, 738
13.-SPRUCE LOGS.
QUEBEC.
1870...
M feet.
1871.
5, 165
M feet.
$17, 348
M feet.
1872
2,751
5, 165
11, 666
1873.
6, 812
2, 751
$17, 348
11.666
27, 556
1874..
6, 998
30, 323
6, 812
27, 556
1875.
4, 690
6,998
18, 631
30, 323
4, 041
4, 690
1876.
17, 523
18, 631
1877...
2, 834
11, 633
4, 041
17, 523
1878..
2,750
2, 837
10, 223
12, 047
3,748
2,791
1879...
12, 756
11, 844
4, 041
14, 382
3,748
12, 756
4, 041
14, 382
NOVA SCOTIA.
1869...
13, 667
1, 580
15, 067
1,588
TOTAL CANADA.
1870...
1871.
5, 165
17, 348
2,751
1872..
11, 666
1873..
6, 812
5, 165
2,751
17,348
27,556
11, 666
1874..
1875.
7, 010
30, 329
6, 812
27, 556
7,706
7,010
18,855
30, 329
1876...
4, 041
17, 523
4, 706
18, 855
1877..
2, 834
4, 041
11, 633
17, 523
1878..
1879..
2,750
11, 223
2, 837
12, 047
3,748
12, 756
2, 791
11, 844
4,041
14, 382
3,748
12, 756
4, 041
14, 382
14.-TAMARAC TIMBER.
QUEBEC.
Tons.
Tons.
18682
1869...
1870....
1,795
$4, 437
Tons.
4, 039
231
1, 604
2,428
3, 194
5, 844
1871.
4,845
8, 721
1872.
4, 111
7, 701
1873.
4, 264
5, 589
4,332
$20, 606
18, 007
15, 130
13, 756
9, 606
1, 770
5, 798
1874.
1, 913
1, 734
>
7, 124
12, 561
1875..
1, 773
13, 072
1.925
7,936
1, 974
M feet.
8, 361
1878.
24
M feet.
147
1879...
2
9
24
2
147
9
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tons.
1869....
1870....
1874.
Tons.
8
30
8
30
11
4
888
33
11
82
4
82
38
33
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1869..
225
25
100
47
15
45
19
1870.
8888
7
35
1871....
16
64
1872....
38
114
38
114
1873.
158
925
1874...
30
240
30
240
1875...
20
200
158
1, 311
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
478
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(a.) Specified by kind of Timber—Continued.
14.—TAMARAC TIMBER-Continued.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
TOTAL CANADA.
Tons.
Tons.
1868.
1,820
1869..
$4, 537
254
1, 679
1870
3,205
5, 877
1871
4,845
8,721
1872..
Tons.
4, 077
$20, 794
2, 455
18, 100
4,282
15, 198
5, 605
13, 829
4, 149
7,815
1873.
1,770
1874
5,798
1, 768
12, 883
1875..
1, 945
8, 136
1879...
M feet.
2, 132
M feet.
4,370
2, 071
1,807
9, 720
8,049
13, 394
2, 672
2
9
2
9
15.—WALNUT.
ONTARIO.
M feet.
1869..
M feet.
M feet.
4
$100
4
1870.
$100
1871...
1872..
1873..
112
1874..
1875
WHEN NE
373
16
373
74
2
74
270
18
270
2, 984
112
2, 984
1,000
17
1,000
1, 280
38
1,280
QUEBEC.
18681
4
98
808
1869.
28, 045
1, 831
65, 522
1870...
39
82
1, 693
51, 679
1871..
1,005
36, 312
1872..
1, 553
50, 733
1873...
444
17,924
1874.
>
913
24, 453
1875..
679
25, 562
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
4
98
808
28, 045
1869...
4
100
1,835
65, 622
1870.
1871
1872..
1873.
1874.
1875...
112
ུསཎྞམྦྷ
49
275
1,709
52, 052
2
74
1, 107
36, 386
18
270
1,571
51, 003
2,984
556
20,908
17
38
1,000
1,280
930
25, 453
717
26, 842
(b.) Sawed Lumber.
16.-BATTENS.
QUEBEC.
M feet.
M feet.
M feet.
18682
1869..
1870.
-
1871.
1873.
1875
·
1877
1878...
1879...
3, 486
$720
8, 464
59
·
640
24
50
6
3, 960
48
3,295
981
5,000
150
1, 854
244
106
$212
106
212
NOVA SCOTIA.
Pieces.
Pieces.
Pieces.
1868..
1869...
6, 180
1, 323
600
543
1870..
990
1871.
32, 998
7,993
1872..
1873..
1874.
3,000
33
5,750
5
68, 000
2, 832
101
27
3, 537
12, 928
1875.
8, 750
12, 261
31
2,092
¹From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
3 Manifestly an error.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS. 479
Years and Provinces.
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
16.-BATTENS-Continued.

To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada.'
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
NOVA SCOTIA—Continued.
Pieces.
Pieces.
1876...
1877...
34
$421
1878.
1879....
Pieces.
459
$534
23, 249
2, 770
195
43
2, 832
613
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1871.
1872
1873..
1874..
1875.
1876.
1877..
1878....
1879...
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876..
1877..
118,414
34, 000
1,855
2, 106
50
289, 474
48
6
440
393
1, 156, 618
4, 226
210
12, 295
2, 568
22, 403
4, 610
25, 242
68, 018
5.853
14,309
32, 655
8, 599
LL
80
70
84
20
576
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
1869..
1870...
1871...
1872...
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877...
1878
1879..
9, 666
2, 043
9, 064
602
900
33, 624
8, 047
118,414
39,750
68, 050
2, 106
2,838
296, 971
17, 202
467
1,855
1, 165, 398
393
8, 487
27,851
5, 641
34
22, 942
5, 214
421
53, 575
8,793
106
70, 067
212
14, 596
35, 593
9, 424
17.-DEALS.
ONTARIO.
1874.
St'd 100.
3
St'd 100.
St'd 100.
1875.
932
$178
16,778
3
1876.
932
$178
16, 778
4
504
1877.
4
504
93
1, 400
93
1, 400
QUEBEC.
1868 2
60
366
1869.
50, 940
1,975, 548
10
380
1870.
68, 934
2,728, 489
28
1871...
1, 480
66, 148
325
1872...
8, 709
3,019, 100
64, 855
2,934, 655
151
4, 105
1873..
65, 101
3, 018, 563
10
250
1874
139, 546
3, 488, 598
1875.
174, 441
3,925, 237
1876..
96, 746 | 4, 650, 976
466
1877..
11, 488
90, 102
4, 61, 165
1878.
2,653 | $263, 010
100, 436
4, 504, 594
40
1879.
1, 348
1, 940
129, 602
90, 652
3, 862, C63
302
6, 152
1, 048
80, 945
55, 139
1,938, 482
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868.
3329
1869..
3,334
216, 457
119, 934
84
1870
1, 944
7,306
373
1871.
4, 952
103, 705
4, 904
349
107, 974
1872.
4, 173
6, 139
109, 861
390
1878..
7,875
8, 152
2, 163
133, 445
1874.
00, 687
13, 184
226, 745
1875
30, 748
377, 689
1876.
11, 645
272, 037
1877.
10, 588
205, 893
1878..
13, 772
279, 826
212
3.986
1879.
17, 967
330, 792
·
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
11, 732
206,842
2 Quebec and Ontario.
3 M feet.
480
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
17.-DEALS-Continued.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada.'
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
St'd 100.
1868...
St'd 100.
St'd 100.
602
1869.
$14, 102
358
1870...
9, 660
78,999 $1, 894, 279
1, 023
110,879 2, 401, 389
1871...
17, 757
89, 005
3, 991
1,794, 343
1872..
81, 782
3,069
70, 417 |
53, 939
1, 818, 376
1873.
101, 230
1, 750
1, 961, 970
1874.
29, 103
100, 159
2, 426, 617
356
6, 194
1875.
126, 227
3, 583, 981
233
1876..
6, 346
99, 908
1, 667
3, 367, 563
1877
1878.
1879...
46, 966
1,502
$43, 342
163, 765
-
2, 390
3, 467, 410
64, 170
2, 390
64, 165
8, 255
143, 030
83,975
3,568, 991
3, 038
76, 642
3, 234
147, 988 | 3,628, 163
81, 442
3, 384
84, 232
134, 682
3, 002, 458
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877..
1879..
1,006
36, 504
ma
3
110
9
161
1, 819
50, 242
2, 112
35, 247
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
1769
1870
1871.
1872
1873..
1874.
3,923
359
1875
-
1876..
1877...
1878.
1879...
2662
17, 802
446
11, 984
1, 424
24, 189
4,575
94, 664
3, 610
65, 919
174, 483
96, 040
5, 113, 978
252, 889.
6,372
6, 141, 960
233
211, 248
23, 374
7, 898, 889
2, 137
208, 299
58,958
8, 374, 038
1,502
43, 342
2, 390
225, 465
64, 165
7,734, 972
5, 042
327, 783
3, 507
254, 150
89, 309
8, 465, 053
4, 978
206, 244
3,576
257, 636
87,755
4,382
165, 177
203, 665
7,844, 286
5, 183, 029
$129, 932 3, 989, 851
187, 117❘ 5, 293, 583
160,057 | 4,921, 627
141, 411
4,862, 892
18.-DEAL ENDS.
ONTARIO.
St'd 100.
1874...
1876
1877...
St'd 100.
St'd 100.
229
$1,489
229
1, 584
23, 201
38
109
1, 584
38.
$1,489
23, 201
109
QUEBEC.
18684
1869..
1, 562
52, 948
1870
1, 815
68, 626
1871...
5, 144
151, 237
1872...
1873..
1874.
1875
2,298
93, 154
5, 209
163, 348
•
15
72
250
290
2, 841
136, 151
2, 639
138, 813
-
1876.
1877..
1878..
1879..
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868.
1869...
7
80
1870..
1871.
1872..
1873.
1874
1875.
1876.
1877...
1878...
1879.
1
7
5, 133
231, 803
4, 441
178, 020
5, 224
213, 132
14
7
$397
250
2,804
3,869
125, 081
123, 587
+
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1869..
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
4Quebec and Ontario.
17
270
2 Besides 329,000 feet.
3 Besides 16,457,000 feet.
5 And 77 pieces.
518,000
150
7
80
1, 412
81
1,539
114
1,226
244
2, 522
743
25, 331
250
1,909
381
1, 404
1,080
506
6, 754
17,948
15, 229
7,745
4, 598
78, 642
4,858
82, 584
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
481
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
18. DEAL ENDS-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
1
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada,¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
NEW BRUNSWICK-Continued.
St'd 100.
St'd 100.
1870.
St'd 100.
83
$1,887
1871...
4, 693
$69, 631
2
1872.
4,306
64, 177
1873.
38, 065
63, 034
1874.
4, 887
91, 982
1875.
15
146
60
98
4, 997
106,.439
1876
4,373
111, 603
1877.
5,623
112, 731
•
1878..
9, 385
126, 012
3
1879...
$50
7,057
121, 066
5
71
14
231
6, 717
94, 178
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877..
1878.
326
27, 374
134
2,992
1879..
883
22, 310
57
738
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
1869.
27, 237
131, 778
17
270
1870.
6, 680
151, 270
83
1871.
1, 887
9, 837
3222, 280
2
1872.
6, 685
158, 870
•
1873..
1874.
·
1875..
1876..
1877.
1878.
1879..
43,388
227, 602
15
250
7,972
230, 655
244
1, 925
7,238
272, 334
98
11, 729
1, 584
352, 585
22, 201
12, 029
319, 706
38
109
6
421
16, 183
360, 193
•
14
493
17
447
11, 824
283, 686
6
78
21
481
11, 149
226, 248
ONTARIO.
1869...
1870...
1871..
1872...
1873...
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878..
1879
•
19. PLANK, BOARDS, AND JOISTS.*
M feet.
-M feet.
340, 117 $3,411,609
417, 270 4,064, 044
508, 647 4, 966, 229
491, 182 5, 052, 971
557, 188 6, 754, 107
617.697 5, 665, 440
351, 378 3,503, 292
271, 996 2, 923, 354
258, 925 2,735, 997
292, 420 2,803, 322
282, 080 2,575, 953
·
-
M feet.
340, 117 $3, 411, 609
417, 270 4, 064, 044
508, 647 4, 966,,229
494, 182 5, 052, 971
557, 1886,,754, 107
617, 697
5, 665, 440
351, 378
3,503, 292
271, 996
2, 923, 354
258, 925
2, 735, 997
292,435
2,.805, 703
282, 247 | 2,579, 838
1868 5
1869.
-
1870..
1871.
1872
1873
1874.
134, 711 2,020, 662
QUEBEC.
562, 495 5, 537, 089
570, 749
5. 663, 126
197, 202 1, 891, 694
214, 650
2, 151, 153
272,090 2,624, 364
300, 485
3,007, 194
161, 436
1,608, 313
193, 850 | 2,085, 162
227, 055
1,583, 480
257, 771
2, 006, 555
181, 846
1875.
120, 170 |1, 170, 340
103, 535
1876.
76, 595
2,820, 219
2, 127, 567
835, 798
103, 337
44, 376
1, 352, 155
1877
460, 805
64, 144
51,365
1878..
410, 062
173
$6, 094
1879.
38, 734
71, 300
279, 418
770, 165
812,739
202
7,736
61, 392
40, 259
694, 760
298, 760
579
9, 520
66, 105
706, 600
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868.
1869.
1870.
-
1871.
9, 599
71, 803
54, 485
25, 774
552, 847
167, 009
\20, 451
74, 646
686, 871
171, 076
66, 784
-
1872...
1873..
1874.
+
From 1876 to 1879 only.
3Of this value, the quantity for $1,412 worth was not reported.
4 Until 1875 inclusive this heading was "Planks and Boards."
19, 485
716, 308
145, 520
13, 149
65, 744
773, 351
107, 831
64, 029
25, 264
278, 138
794, 926
11, 818
85, 697
111, 084
895, 304
65, 973
2 Besides 17,000 feet.
746, 917
Quebec and Ontario.
31 FOR
482
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued,
19. PLANKS, BOARDS, AND JOISTS-Continued.

To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada.
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Quantity. Value.

NOVA SCOTIA—Continued.
1875..
M feet.
M feet.
5, 320
1876..
$46, 511
M feet.
54, 061
1, 358
1877..
13, 139
$646, 335
110
$3, 852
46. 891
2,346
523, 607
1878..
17, 339
50, 307
1, 454
513, 531
1879...
10, 634
22
815
45, 014
1, 340
459, 138
7, 197
55, 424
398, 389
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
15, 197
1869...
125, 389
45, 791
23, 007
424, 716
1870.
173, 747
48, 446
38, 742
441, 323
1871...
194, 231
62, 343
469, 053
37, 190
1872..
276, 897
61, 307
37, 609
471, 132
1873.
292, 470
66, 019
30, 600
672, 797
1874.
204, 605
60,083
27, 064
681, 841
1875.
183, 004
45, 674
32, 317
437, 239
237, 411
1876..
50, 618
10, 390
473, 773
1877.
154, 443
5,369
103, 041
22, 959
19, 298
294, 351
160, 425
14, 344
1878...
147.901
6, 443
35, 762
344, 726
60, 301
1879..
6, 472
68, 533
19, 769
201, 854
14, 431
125, 324
10, 825
102, 250
29,900
280, 409
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877.
135
1878...
21, 418
1,375
196, 527
1879...
HA
1
15
73
1
10
58
773
655
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
1876.
1877
21, 052
241, 511
1878..
23,308
257, 883
22
250
1879...
25, 913
290, 012
23, 597
265, 075
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
587, 291 5, 734, 281
1869...
670, 771
6, 640, 689.
586, 100 6, 134, 051
1870...
677, 859
6,690, 956
1871.
1872...
1873.
1874.
1875..
1
748, 553 7, 053, 706
726, 7606, 996, 959
771,995 7,036, 792
651, 299 7, 917, 857
776, 896 7, 130, 456
465, 610 4, 623, 012
}
876, 882
8, 256, 599
829, 550
8, 355, 874
882, 001
8, 527, 249
901, 734
11, 357, 099
911, 794
9, 221, 141
579, 686
1876.
6, 224, 781
328, 120 3, 551, 741
1877..
5, 479
106, 893
427, 143
4,754, 293
319, 997 3, 212, 728
14, 518
153, 995
1878...
425, 220
4, 513, 407
1879.
333, 0743, 155, 940
338, 111 3, 007, 244
6, 696
11, 404
77, 084
444, 596 | 4, 452, 236
111, 770
457, 430 | 4, 230,
966
20. SCANTLING.
ONTARIO.
Pieces.
1877..
1878.
Pieces.
Pieces.
25
$33
97
25
$33
97
QUEBEC.
18682
1869...
702, 314
740, 268
38, 128
703, 119
38, 897
39, 889
1870
756, 020
42, 986
730, 850
47, 237
1871
742, 287
50, 478
847, 800
48, 958
868, 558
1872.
52, 797
776, 517
48, 640
1873
784, 386
50, 145
610, 562
38, 645
1874.
617, 108
40, 971
503, 468
32, 462
519, 062
1875...
36, 859
554, 189
34, 675
1876
579, 791
43, 937›
490
1,440
M fect.
1877...
M feet.
M feet.
4
41
1878.
1879...
1, 125
7,050
7,372
43, 673
NOVA SCOTIA.
Pieces.
Pieces.
1868..
1869...
31
1, 183
208
372
1 From 1871 to 1879 only. 2 Quebec and Ontario.
9, 195
Pieces.
562
31, 639
8 Besides 22 M feet.
2, 154
14, 928
50, 539
5,780
2,572
161
1,829
4
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
483
(b.) Sawed Lumber- Continued.
20. SCANTLING-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Pieces.
1870..
1871...
Pieces.
$20
954
Pieces,
$2, 020
5, 203
1872..
1, 169
8,808
1873.
2,084
1874.
5,726
5, 294
16, 105
1875.
2, 780
320
1876..
50, 002
5,768
584
1,300
962
1877..
4,339
118
708
1878.
1879...
62
431
1, 040
1, 686
881
9, 206
13, 567
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868..
21, 946
14, 938
1869.
44, 760
31, 044
3158, 621
5114, 804
7, 294
57,904
135, 407
M feet.
1870..
M feet.
M feet.
8, 410
49, 982
25, 806
174, 170
1871..
€12, 066
75, 083
7379, 863
1872.
170, 723
836, 240
75, 813
9422, 666
1873.
202, 390
1, 138, 691
54, 431
1874.
5, 027, 086
204, 410
70, 487
3,846
1875
517, 365
89, 780
5, 895
1876
84, 141
2, 550
24, 000
2, 130
$20, 683
11, 484
1877
91, 159
6, 370
55, 198
5, 329
46,950
17, 352
1878
136, 647
4, 677
43, 064
4, 729
43, 641
1879.
16, 730
126, 240
25, 369
123, 105
13, 130
108, 578
34, 157
177, 618
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876
16
None in 1877.
286
1878...
11
1879..
60
6.
108
TOTAL CANADA.
Pieces.
704, 260
1868..
M feet.
53, 274
493
Picces.
Pieces.
1869...
1870...
746, 211
M feet.
4, 974
Pieces.
730, 850
M feet.
8, 410
31, 044
97, 239
861, 740
M feet.
2,729
Pieces.
872, 463
M feet.
14, 572
Pieces.
742, 280
M feet.
25, 806
226, 668
102, 581
180, 965
Pieces.
1871...
859, 866
M feet.
124, 965
11, 371
Pieces.
1872...
1873.
776, 517
49, 809
1, 749, 253
1874...
95, 160
573, 955
41, 602
1875..
556, 969
40, 890
1876.
M fert.
Pieces.
1, 248, 421
1
M feet.
17,825
Pieces.
784, 386
5, 644, 194
1,036, 427
629, 793
10 53, 953
10251, 107
10 142, 664
10228,723
10 133, 846
3, 134
25,790
1877...
20, 683
M feet.
12, 462
1878...
1879.
6, 494
1097, 206
55, 980
5, 329
46,950
18, 555
5, 807
22, 481
148, 040
50, 533
4, 729
43, 641
20, 261
154, 892
167, 209
13, 130
108, 578
34, 239
235, 559
ONTARIO.
1870.
1871...
1872....
1873..
1874..
1875
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Besides 462 M feet.
3 Besides 2,167 M feet.
21. LATH. (See 22, 23, 40.)

M pieces.
M pieces.
21, 895
$30, 082
23, 996
M pieces.
21, 805
30, 598
$30, 082
23, 571
23, 996
32, 202
30, 598
23, 571
51, 248
32, 202
68, 798
51, 248
34, 049
68, 798
54, 581
-
20, 465
34, 049
30, 977
54, 581
20, 465
30, 977
'Besides 9,840 M feet.
4 Besides 4,974 M feet.
5 Besides 14,346 M feet.
Besides 11,371 M feet.
8 Besides 9,840 M feet.
1
9 Besides 18,011 M feet.
10 These values include the price of quantities not fully reported in the preceding column.
484
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
21. LATH.
(See 22, 23, 40.)-Continued.
Years and provinces.
To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada,¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value.
QUEBEC.
1870...
1871...
M pieces.
8, 505
M pieces.
$8,746
M pieces.
8, 683
10, 502
1872...
11, 697
$9,052
10, 634
8, 357
1873..
8, 800
11, 742
1874...
4, 107
8, 357
5, 460
8,800
4, 199
1,537
1875..
2, 614
6, 445
1,747
1,909
2, 939
3, 713
2, 005
3, 800
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868...
2, 358
1870..
2, 652
3,658
5, 571
4,813
1871.
5, 220
1872..
4,827
6, 317
6, 636
4,730
5,325
5,390
5, 496
1873..
5, 415
5,726
1874.
4, 046
5,990
4,380
-
7,045
4,317
7, 801
1875..
3, 833
5, 239
6, 273
5, 706
5, 095
7,489
7, 046
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1870..
91, 980
1871...
92, 396
114, 352
93, 862
94, 528
1872...
107, 687
116, 745
104, 866
110, 340
1873.
110, 006
108, 355
116, 971
114, 153
1874.
120, 178
119, 760
98,847
123, 622
1875.
96, 092
99.865
103, 767
86, 021
97, 331
105, 910
88, 361
TOTAL CANADA.
1870..
127, 951
1871
136, 444
130, 757
153, 677
140, 298
1872.
154, 512
156, 700
158, 176
118, 613
124, 221
1873..
146, 009
161, 145
176, 372
1874..
1875.
198, 816
183, 231
138, 750
209, 837
157, 110
142, 101
132, 414
162, 394
126, 117
136, 636
131, 915
22. LATHS, PALINGS, AND PICKETS. (See 21, 23.)
ONTARIO.
1876...
1877...
M.
14, 781
Μ.
M.
$32, 207
14, 781
30, 571
1878.
28, 023
$32, 207
34, 659
30, 571
28, 023
1879..
35, 847
32, 862
34, 659
35, 847
41, 951
32, 863
41, 951
QUEBEC.
1876...
299
1877...
2,488
780
1, 193
7, 267
1878.
1, 668
1,849
888
9, 931
1879...
2, 919
1,794
14, 117
135
613
1, 384
12, 883
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876...
190
1877...
1,078
2,535
1, 736
4, 958
1878..
1,711
3, 621
1, 585
6, 367
1879..
1, 212
·
•
4, 005
943
6, 305
1,043
2,282
3,830
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1876...
122, 843
1877.
112, 033
27, 475
$30,700
127,794
135, 489
113, 827
1878
105, 167
38, 748
39, 684
120, 715
96, 632
138, 093
94, 708
1879..
39, 165
43, 637
104, 872
106,732
128, 039
89, 956
43, 507
42,658
124, 273
118, 663
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876..
1877...
161
1,339
1878...
30
227
1879...
·
82
342
30
85
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
1976.
1877...
1878..
1879.
747
1,603
1, 064
4, 007
4, 112
1,732
2,343
653
TOTAL CANADA.
1870....
127, 951
136, 444
130, 757
140, 298
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
485
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
22. LATHS, PALINGS, AND PICKETS. (See 21, 23.)—Continued.
To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Years and provinces.
Quantity.
Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value.
TOTAL CANADA.
M.
M.
1871...
M.
1872.
153, 677
$154, 512
156, 700
118, 613
1873.
124, 221
$158, 176
146, 009
161, 145
176, 372
1874.
198, 816
183, 231
209, 837
138, 750
1875..
157, 110
142, 101
132, 414
162, 394
1876..
1877
1878..
1879..
126, 117
136, 636
138, 113
131, 915
147, 806
27, 475
$30, 700
146, 637
147, 327
182, 274
136, 569
38, 748
39, 684
158, 387
186, 648
133, 764
134, 686
39, 165
43, 637
146, 476
188, 762
140, 672
133, 566
43, 507
42, 658
161, 484
179, 144
23. LATH AND LATH WOOD.
ONTARIO.
Cords.
1869...
Cords.
Cords.
11, 794
$31, 535
11, 794
$31, 535
QUEBEC.
18682
1869.
18, 689
40, 403
22, 572
5, 326
66, 489
10, 064
9, 583
39, 138
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868..
1869.
3356
67, 727
4674
51, 239
112, 054
61, 318
72, 230
116, 674
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868..
1869.
792
892
4, 006
5, 200
TOTAL CANADA.
1808...
1869..
18, 684
18, 301
40, 403
22, 572
10, 901
66, 489
24. SUGAR-BOX SHOOKS.
ONTARIO.
1877.
1878....
1879...
Number.
1,092
Number.
$372
Number.
1,092
73, 680
12, 805
73, 680
$372
12, 805
13, 511
13, 511
QUEBEC.
18682
188, 708
1869.
70, 051
225, 003
214, 065
1870.
72, 022
84, 419
221, 826
67, 456
74, 738
1871..
20, 826
174, 315
124, 381
57, 274
1872..
40, 565
202, 186
151, 214
70, 807
1873...
51, 365
151, 214
91, 257
1875..
40, 490
51, 365
143, 835
1876.
88, 575
61, 671
43, 414
88,575
1877..
41, 093
43, 414
16, 838
41, 093
1879...
1,092
16, 838
372
1, 092
3,242
372
324
NOVA SCOTIA.
1870.
1871...
1873..
1874.
1875..
1876..
1877.
1878...
1879...
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1869...
1870...
1871
1872.
¹From 1876 to 1879 only
2 Quebec and Ontario.
3 Besides 61,726 M. lath.
4 Besides 63,913 M lath.
" Besides 109,902 M lath.
6 Besides 112,759 M lath.
7 Besides 2,358 M lath.
8 Besides 3,658 M lath.
14, 522
12, 872
50, 072
6, 091
6, 606
31, 908
678
2
2,012
1, 645
12
12, 531
3,280
12, 531
3,280
6, 500
52
3, 442
26
$28
14
9, 431
7, 023
96
3, 871
1, 571
986, 930
510, 181
1, 107, 088
534, 914
1, 148, 003
962, 275
640, 128
508, 753
577
2
$
486
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
}
(b.) Sawed Lumber-Continued.
24. SUGAR-BOX SHOOKS-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.1
Total Exportation.

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value.
NEW BRUNSWICK-Continued.
Number.
1873..
Number.
Number.
126, 994
1874.
$74, 934
1,048, 526
1875.
3, 530
$648, 785
1,765
561, 644
150
356, 961
24
1876...
411, 338
241, 936
1877...
335, 672
184, 886
125
31
1878...
306, 457
162, 838
13
1879...
57,858
6, 633
$3,317
172, 765
83, 810
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
1869.
220, 708
84, 590
1, 062, 356
480, 455
218, 587
1870...
78, 113
1, 208, 756
1871..
80, 328
585, 919
27, 432
¡1, 268, 980
182, 453
592, 866
1872..
72, 473
1, 350, 191
151, 214
710, 937
1873...
51, 365
1, 113, 489
218, 251
560, 118
1874.
115, 424
1, 194, 373
712, 101
266, 821
1875..
64, 856
824, 960
420, 064
259, 446
1876.
150, 803
512, 444
41, 093
288, 630
1877
16, 838
441, 765
205, 166
43, 973
17, 911
1878..
359, 684
187, 715
1879...
12, 818
74, 534
13, 511
6, 633
3, 317
99, 212
25. LUMBER OTHER THAN AS ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. (Seo 36, 44.)

ONTARIO.
1876.
1877..
1878...
1879..
QUEBEC.
1876...
Number.
Number.
$56, 200
•
38, 689
25, 721
9, 226
5,783
1877.
4, 042
1878.
6, 994
1879..
4, 419
Number.
$56, 200
38, 689
25, 821
9, 826
26, 508
40, 185
25, 153
4, 545
NOVA SCOTIA.
1877..
1878...
878
40
1879.
225
$40
987
2, 020
2,279
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1876..
1877.
1878..
1879...
1, 523
898
90
1,523
216
216
222
516
516
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876..
1878..
1879..
8
TOTAL CANADA.
1876.
1877
1878..
1879...
18
253
568
82, 816
898
81, 384
32, 971
14, 434
216
53, 469
40
17, 734
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.
26. STAVES (STANDARD). (See 27, 42.)

ONTARIO.
1869.
1870...
1871..
1872
1873.
M.
481
1, 377
M.
$36, 975
31, 783
850
37, 100
621
54, 586
381
34, 234
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
·
•
M.
481
$36, 975
1,377
31, 783
850
37, 100
621
51,586
381
34, 234
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS. 487
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.-Continued.
26. STAVES (STANDARD). (See 27, 42.)—Continued.
Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce Total Exportation.
of Canada.¹
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO-Continued.
M.
M.
M.
1874...
1, 090
$94, 090
1875..
1, 090
$94. 090
388
5, 338
388
1876.
5, 338
111
7,737
111
1877.
7,737
331
16, 374
331
1878....
16, 374
220
6, 540
220
1879...
6, 540
38
4, 652
38
4, 632
QUEBEC.
18682..
977
73, 659
1869..
2, 669
415, 571
1870..
1,487
306, 254
1871...
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876...
1877..
1878..
1879.
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868..
´1869..
· 1870...
1871..
1872..
1873.
1874..
1875.
1876.
1, 398
306, 494
1, 429
361, 321
1,795
454, 632
1,450
405, 472
1, 642
460, 114
1,467
463, 353
1,278
311, 499
11
$2,436
1, 526
434, 715
18
2, 160
18
2,593
1, 210
262, 179
16
2,244
445
100, 805
953
22, 188
843
18, 953
464
9, 212
453
10, 847
50
450
387
7,357
17
411
300
7, 110
5
125
444
5, 074
2
100
90
5, 490
1877...
98
2, 326
1878..
1879.
1
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1874.
1876.
1877...
1878..
1879.
43
1, 018
176
3, 530
43
1, 044
16
560
5
30
20
199
29
96
39
146
2
46
2
46
11
116
11
116
1874.
1876.
-
1877..
1878..
1879.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
-
12
74
177
2, 035
12
424
53
752
22
270
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
1869...
977
73, 659
3, 622
437, 759
1870...
481
36, 975
2, 811
362, 182
1871..
1,377
31, 783
3, 239
347, 389
650
1872.
37, 100
2, 732
409, 268
621
1873..
54, 586
2, 416
509, 218
398
1874.
34, 645
2,131
1875.
1,095
446, 816
94, 215
3, 192
1876.
390
559, 838
5, 438
1, 945
474, 181
1877..
120
8, 271
1,703
360
323, 796
1878..
16, 470
1, 951
452, 073
240
1879..
8, 746
18
2, 593
1, 661
273, 047
49
4, 768
27
2, 360
559
106, 937
27. STAVES (OTHER THAN STANDARD). (See 26, 42.)

ONTARIO.
1869.
1870...
1871..
1872...
M.
4, 914
M.
M.
3, 945
$61, 568
66, 656
4, 914
$61, 568
4, 093
4.056
3, 945
42, 178
66, 656
4, 093
60, 749
42, 178
-
·
¹ From 1876 to 1879 only.
4,056
60, 749
2 Quebec and Ontario.
488
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.—Continued.
27. STAVES (OTHER THAN STANDARD). (See 26, 42.)-Continued.
of Canada.¹ Total Exportation.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
Years and Provinces.


Quantity Value.
Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value.
ONTARIO-Continued.
M.
M.
1873.
1874.
1875.
·
1876...
1877...
M.
4,392
$85, 783
4,392
-
2, 365
45, 359
$85, 783
2,365
45, 359
1, 629
18, 532
1, 629
18, 532
821
12, 770
821
12, 770
1, 355
1878...
6, 395
1, 355
6, 395
1879...
2,351
3, 071
10, 170
•
2, 351
10, 170
13, 132
3,071
13, 132
QUEBEC.
18682
1869..
7,326
651
113, 383
10, 854
342, 296
15, 116
1870...
3,754
202, 243
142
2,735
1871..
2, 902
170, 847
22
506
1872...
3, 339
216, 387
20
85
1873..
3, 318
235, 243
96
1874.
4,800
5, 127
256, 985
1875..
2,346
221, 729
1876
2,702
146, 035
1877.
1, 977
132, 051
67
535
11
1878
$656
3, 825
177, 987
36
1,326
40
1879..
1, 828
3, 365
162, 073
223
7,377
24
1, 198
1,034
52, 220
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868.
82
30
1869
4197
1
8
14
1870.
2,956
112
1873..
-
286
5, 410
1
10
23
1874..
571
1875.
11, 110
255
15
227
1876.
70
1,009
9
20
272
1877.
4, 054
5
115
203
1878.
3, 664
1
40
109
1879.
1, 462
30
192
145
1, 847
NEW BRUNSWICK.
VICK
1868..
42
168
43
185
1869..
101
606
101
1871..
606
70
840
1872..
18
108
33
261
1873...
20
120
20
120
1874..
9
42
9
42
1875.
26
164
51
440
1876.
208
424
208
424
1877..
18
112
1878:
137
576
138
584
1879...
504
4, 459
505
4, 464
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
7,360
113, 581
311, 097
346, 437
1869
5, 667
77, 298
8,783
264, 529
1870...
4, 087
69, 391
7, 133
242, 813
1871.
4, 115
42, 684
7, 505
259, 405
1872
4, 144
61, 392
7, 794
293, 610
1873..
4,509
90, 713
9, 562
343, 459
1874.
2, 374
45, 401
4, 734
267, 395
1875
1876...
1,670
1, 219
18, 923
4, 616
167, 810
18, 553
3, 298
149, 299
1877..
1,427
7,045
11
656
5, 401
188, 168
1878..
1879..
2, 525
3, 828
12, 112
25, 160
46
1,828
5, 963
174, 289
63
1, 549
4,755
71, 663
ONTARIO.
18682
1869..
1870.
1871.
1872...
1873.
28. SHINGLES. (See 41.)
M.
67, 861
M.
62, 310
$146, 527
132, 499
M.
74, 819
$157, 446
68, 802
62, 310
131, 799
132, 499
73, 036
68, 802
146, 618
131, 799
53, 769
73, 036
124, 665
146, 618
73, 036
173, 885
53, 769
124, 665
73, 036
173, 885
3
Besides 500 packages. 4 Besidos 1,115 packages.
1 From 1876 to 1879 only. 2Quebec and Ontario.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
489
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.--Continued.
28. SHINGLES. (See 41.)—Continued.

To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada. 1
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.
Quantity. Value. Quantity Value.
Value.Quantity. Value.
M.
M.
ONTARIO-Continued.
1874.
M.
89, 136 | $216, 839
1875.
89, 136
$216, 839
62, 663
158, 452
1876..
62, 663
158, 452
29, 142
68, 401
1877..
29, 142
68, 401
23, 044
46, 415
1878..
23, 044
46, 415
27, 114
59, 597
1879.
27, 114
59, 597
30, 304
50, 344
30, 304
50, 244
QUEBEC.
1869.
2, 143
2, 631
1870..
6, 306
13, 123
4, 017
9, 011
1871..
7,383
15, 433
1872..
6, 083
10, 526
10, 262
17, 625
12,736
1873.
19, 029
17,796
28, 018
6, 942
20, 827
1874
1875...
12, 216
39, 313
9, 044
12, 563
17, 217
31, 256
6, 657
9, 587
1876..
18, 603
2, 891
46, 043
4,822
1877..
12, 245
25, 248
2, 524
1878....
1879..
4, 665
11, 672
22, 354
5, 581
8, 931
21, 215
8,375
43, 918
12, 631
25, 159
52, 275
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868..
966
1869.
3, 498
23, 104
2, 053
47, 235
3, 533
1870..
16, 081
30, 244
201
953
1871..
13, 345
26, 408
54
1872..
106
9, 058
20,830
1873..
9.580
27, 458
869
2, 123
1874
10, 837
31, 640
178
480
1875.
10, 289
25, 977
240
446
1876.
10, 265
24, 778
70
1877.
120
11, 322
25,800
415
1878..
913
8, 477
18, 078
7
8
1879.
13, 356
27, 492
65
81
17, 447
34, 794
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1869
20, 793
40, 840
29, 448
28, 998
52, 452
1870..
51, 261
33, 850
1871...
16, 833
59, 217
36, 856
22, 598
1872..
22, 952
44, 602
47, 032
26, 459
25. 101
53, 263
1873
53, 990
28, 244
60, 589
17, 109
1874..
44,426
22, 677
57, 582
1875.
17, 053
38,422
17, 678
39, 825
15, 884
1876
33, 586
19, 587
1877.
6, 153
41, 880
13, 199
1, 944
$5, 192
9, 365
5, 831
20, 078
1878..
12, 650
1,768
4, 062
6, 900
14, 449
22.803
1879..
45, 798
18, 360
37, 483
25, 519
29, 839
48, 749
58, 135
25, 504
49, 545
31, 215
60, €94
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877.
697
1,392
1878...
506
792
1879...
476
796
52
83
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
1876.
1877.
1878..
1879...
132
340
606
1, 817
515
1, 416
300
791
TOTAL CANADA.
1868
1869.
89, 620
190, 865
127, 371
1870.
95, 504
257, 133
189, 924
1871.
89,853
118,547
178, 619
235, 083
1872.
102, 125
112, 128
204, 282
218, 242
118, 815
1873..
91, 606
197, 684
238, 336
109, 389
1874..
97, 956
241, 261
240, 730
118, 939
1875.
115, 411
363, 064
268, 304
1876.
85, 444
135, 195
316, 055
202, 071
112, 524
1877
38, 256
86, 542
274, 540
1, 944
5, 192
1878..
31, 814
62, 903
64, 643
141, 259
1, 768
4, 062
55, 505
51, 202
1879...
114, 334
103, 905
18, 360
68, 583
37, 483
87, 193
121, 091
181.968
25, 404
49, 535
104, 477
198, 881
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
490
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.—Continued.
29. MASTS AND SPARS. (See 30, 31.)
Years and Provinces.
To the United Not the Produce
States.
of Canada.1
Total Exportation.

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value.
ONTARIO.
1876
1877.
1878..
Pieces.
Pieces.
30
$1,500
186
8,740
1879..
935
5, 234
3
150
Pieces.
30
$1,500
186
8, 740
935
5, 234
3
150
QUEBEC.
1876..
1877...
640
9, 822
1878.
837
11, 627
1879..
928
6, 400
220
1,008
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868...
81
1876...
160
1877.
10, 677
2, 460
6, 841
5, 821
13, 287
1878..
9, 149
3, 292
10, 749
14, 212
1879..
7,057
2, 805
9, 913
11, 095
10, 050
11, 093
4, 450
15, 256
9, 544
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1869
3, 426
1,757
4, 121
1876...
8, 620
5, 038
3, 302
8.960
1877...
14, 624
5, 624
8, 162
86
$100
17, 419
6, 115
14, 201
1878..
3, 735
4
550
6, 409
1879...
6, 365
4, 694
4, 077
7,232
5, 460
5, 529
3,300
5, 836
4, 697
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877...
1878.
1
16
9
1879
16
30
12
12
382
13
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
1876.
1877...
1, 035
22
29, 236
1878...
66
2, 067
22, 575.
1879..
1, 558
31, 764
430
5, 768
TOTAL CANADA.
1876.
25, 331
1877....
15, 483
86
100
34, 412
15, 472
65, 524
1878..
15, 833
4
550
23, 720
57, 562
14, 357
1879..
12, 116
21, 764
60, 150
15, 513
7,900
21, 757
21, 179
30. MASTS. (See 29.)
ONTARIO.
Pieces.
Pieces.
Pieces.
1809.
1870%
254
1,060
$3,471
10, 583
1872
254
1, 060
$3,471
10, 583
2300
6, 845
2300
1873...
6, 8.15
617
1875..
405
7, 698
7,068
617
7,698
405
7, 068
QUEBEC.
18683.
1,003
1869
7
12, 879
270
1, 221
33, 377
192
1870.
10, 044
42
1871.
1, 823
►
40
1872.
2,066
112
1873...
1874
1875
12
720
8
980
8
1,300
NOVA SCOTIA
1871..
1872..
1873..
1875..
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1870...
-20
30
¹ From 1876 to 1879 inclusive.
2 Masts and spars.
3 Quebec and Ontaric.
5,920
28
2,600
91
7,697
108
9, 418
12
2002
144
460
6
160
200
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
491
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.—Continued.
30. MASTS. (See 29.)-Continued.

Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada.
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Value.
TOTAL CANADA.
1808...
1869
Pieces.
1, 003
201
Pieces.
$12, 879
3,741
1870...
1,000
10, 583
1871...
1872...
1873..
629
8, 418
1874..
8
980
1875..
*413
8, 368
31. SPARS. (See 29.)
Pieces.
1,221
446
1, 102
52
422
$33, 377
14,515
12, 406
2,210
13. 225
851
10, 458
91
7, 697
515
16, 086
ONTARIO.
Pieces.
1869..
Pieces.
Pieces.
1870.
129
138
1871.
$1,439
673
129
138
$1,439
673
1,522
1873..
13, 354
1,522
220
13, 354
1874..
8, 647
220
642
8, 647
1875.
19, 150
642
13, 110
19, 150
31, 530
13, 110
31, 530
'
QUEBEC.
18682
1869.
1, 611
608
18
109
1870...
4, 278
2,267
42, 018
12
29, 839
1871..
50
727
8, 672
1872..
776
8, 263
21
1873
84
550
6, 128
15
1874
1,000
330
3, 675
1875..
883
1, 611
603
2,337
NOVA SCOTIA.
1869..
1870
7, 178
2, 184
1871...
2, 314
11, 380
12,996
2, 523
8,528
4, 663
1872.
6, 325
8, 304
-
9, 932
17, 105
12, 073
1873...
10, 048
17, 825
12, 012
12,983
1874.
6, 115
1875.
17, 563
12, 853
8, 581
10, 171
4, 576
18, 098
10, 080
6, 903
10, 343
18, 227
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868
1869.
(3)
1870...
(3)
1871..
12, 273
5,717
1872.
4,875
12, 624
6, 515
1, 479
1873.
12, 851
5, 235
6, 095
3, 013
1874.
4, 693
13, 037
3,707
6, 802
5,738
1875...
16, 184
4, 953
10, 848
12, 586
18, 020
5, 461
15, 872
13, 664
8, 622
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
1869..
5, 118
2, 525
1870..
15, 945
10, 859
8,765
52, 161
1871..
14, 737
22, 736
8, 963
49, 898
18, 152
19, 925
1872..
21, 158
24, 164
•
1873
29, 977
17, 465
16, 227
36, 703
·
1874..
16, 940
31, 412
25, 913
19, 469
1875...
34, 389
19, 165
38, 579
28, 556
30, 272
38, 894
43, 894
91, 174
39, 300
88, 086
32. KNEES AND FUTTOCKS.

ONTARIO.
1869..
1871...
1873...
Pieces.
60
182
Pieces.
$100
209
184
297
Pieces.
60
182
$100
184
209
297
1 From 1876 to 1879 only. 2Quebec and Ontario. Masts and spars reported together. See
See "Masts."
492
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN
CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.—Continued.
32. KNEES AND FUTTOCKS—Continued.

To the United
States.
Years and Provinces.
Not the Produce of
Canada.¹
Total Exportation.

Quantity Value.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO-Continued.
Pieces.
1874.
Pieces.
Pieces.
312
1875.
$335
312
100
1876..
186
$335
100
715
1877...
643
186
715
38
1878.
38
643
1879..
43, 318
38
5,788
38
3, 328
2, 991
43, 318
5,788
3,328
2, 291
QUEBEC.
18682
1869
6, 935
5, 109
1870..
9,759
6, 720
7,865
6, 106
1871
5,832
10, 119
5, 069
7,085
1872
3,009
5, 832
2,728
5, 069
1873
1,704
3, 009
1, 811
2.728
3, 873
1, 835
1874.
3, 540
1, 953
3, 792
1875.
3, 502
3,887
3, 736
-
1876.
4,823
3,792
4, 636
3, 502
6, 240
5, 003
1877.
6, 695
4,868
1878
3,284
6, 678
4, 015
7, 605
1879...
3, 140
3, 591
3,855
4, 731
1,965
3, 140
1, 160
3, 591
2, 125
1, 480
NOVA SCOTIA.
1869
9, 174
1870.
5, 594
5, 137
9, 376
1871.
3, 932
5,727
1872.
2, 046
5, 137
1,750
3, 932
678
2, 098
862
1, 764
1873
738
922
1874..
1875.
1876.
-
60
1, 384
40
794
2, 118
1, 384
3, 058
794
2, 138
100
150
3,068
1877
100
1,522
1878
1, 518
150
434
1, 572
295
1,558
1879...
580
231
126
462
380
244
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868..
3434
471
1869
8434
1, 479
1870...
1, 652
471
1, 491
1,898
1871.
1,738
1,660
1, 948
32
22
1,763
1872.
32
443
22
513
1873.
473
6, 787
558
7,023
1874.
-
11, 186
6, 787
1875
10, 139
7, 023
41, 808
11, 236
1876.
44, 598
10, 189
42, 451
18, 337
20, 109
45, 868
1877.
20, 014
18, 436
20, 209
1878.
12, 218
1, 172
1879..
1, 891
20, 667
13, 856
1, 484
1,562
2, 178
2, 431
1,484
2, 178
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876...
25
12
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
1877...
1878
8
56
24
160
8
56
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
7, 369
1869.
6,580
1870.
20, 472
14, 066
8, 299
6,577
12, 867
1871.
10, 739
21, 046
14, 572
5, 269
12, 917
1872.
4, 684
10, 764
2,825
5, 321
1873
3, 185
4, 698
1874.
10, 869
10,860
3, 046
3, 433
16, 674
10, 943
1875.
14, 770
11, 096
1876.
48, 849
16, 724
52, 478
14, 820
.
1877.
25, 392
49, 692
27, 597
53, 990
1878...
24, 858
25, 924
17, 789
28, 018
1879..
48, 064
26, 156
11, 565
20, 343
7,008
48, 608
5, 755
12, 328 ·
7,317
6, 193
'From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Knees: Quebec and Ontario.
8 Knees.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
493
(c.) Slaves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.—Continued.
33. OARS.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce Total Exportation.
of Canada.¹
Years and Provinces.

Quantity Value. Quantity. Value.
Value. Quantity. Vale.
QUEBEC.
Pairs.
Pairs.
18682
Pairs.
1869.
15, 192
$18, 935
•
1870..
1871..
1872
1873..
1874.
1875..
1876.
1877...
1878..
1879.
8, 481
11, 642
-
2, 083
355
2,377
359
1, 457
2,250
1, 427
2,010
24
20
2.939
3,776
3, 891
7,668
559
840
18
17
15
33
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868...
1869...
1870...
1871.
1872
1873..
1874.
1875.
1876
1877.
1878..
1879.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1870....
1871..
1875...
1876.
1877..
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1877.
1878...
1879...
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
1869..
1870...
1871...
1872...
1873..
1874.
1875.
1876...
1877...
1878...
1879...
QUEBEC.
18682
1869..
1870....
1871...
1872...
1873.
1877..
1878.
1879..
NOVA SCOTIA.
878
1, 834
133
173
1,021
815
495
525
175
201
1,970
1,051
553
303
120
226
335
687
801
1,204
486
970
316
802
38
23
50
33
33
77
158
100
71
•
$2,377
23
50
105
105
222235
20, 769
11, 815
3, 215
938
2, 451
3, 061
323
4, 087
85
4,302
8, 513
1, 483
2, 144
554
1, 012
436
940
34. HANDSPIKES.

Pieces.
Pieces.
Pieces.
478
2,059
$321
361
86
34
3, 215
667
614
149
113
64
5, 324
3, 213
80
36
53
19
1868
500
50
1869..
960
12
¹From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
8 Besides 35,762 feet
494
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(c.) Staves, Shingles, Materials used in Ship-building, &c.-Continued.
34. HANDSPIKES-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
1869.
1870
1871..
1872..
1873
1874..
1877.
1878.
1879...
•
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Pieces.
35. TREENAILS.
Pieces.
•
Pieces.
$371
373
34
667
149
64
47
36
3, 213
554
19
QUEBEC.
Pieces.
Pieces.
1868.
Pieces.
12, 500
1869.
589
$120
6
1870.
$
21, 000
178
1871.
88
1874
11, 00')
310
1875..
30,000
280
NOVA SCOTIA. -
1869...
72, 000
891
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868
1870..
18, 600
92
10, 500
-$100
10,500
100
TOTAL CANADA..
1868
1869..
1870..
10, 500
100
1871.
1874.
1875.
1878.
1879...
212
897
178
88
310
293
1, 012
940
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood.
36. TIMBER OTHER THAN AS ABOVE SPECIFIED. (See 25, 44.)
ONTARIO.
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
1876.
1877..
1878...
1879..
$16, 413
186
1, 139
220
512
7,722
553
186
1, 139
$16, 413
512
7,722
220
553
QUEBEC.
1876...
3, 244
8,950
7,258
1877.
90, 850
281
1, 544
60
$307
1878...
5, 235
81, 834
351
1.891
209
2, 115
1879...
3, 163
49, 109
297
1, 605
52
553
2,284
38, 335
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876...
23
280
232
2,348
1877
25
125
[
352
1878...
.2, 088
6
60
473
1879...
2, 139
100
533
371
1,652
NEW BRUNSWICK
1876...
1877
1878
1879..
63
141
150
1, 171
90
341
1,329
2,095
5, 200
9, 135
459
627
1, 765
2, 054
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1878.
J
►
20
100
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
495
1876...
1877...
1878..
1879...
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
36. TIMBER OTHER THAN AS ABOVE SPECIFIED-Continued.

Years and Provinces,
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
TOTAL CANADA.
Tons.
5, 708
Tons.
$25, 784
60
1, 490
707
9, 613
3,032
209
52
$367
2, 115
553
Tons.
11, 193
7,863
$114, 811
93, 569
5, 054
3,502
60, 835
43, 594
37. LOGS OTHER THAN AS ABOVE SPECIFIED.2

ONTARIO.
1876..
1877..
1878.
1879..
-
M feet.
3, 981
M feet.
$12, 147
5, 708
18, 518
12, 81.9
42,550
15, 317
55, 668
M feet.
3, 981
$12, 147
5, 708
18, 518
12, 809
42, 550
15, 317
55, 668
QUEBEC.
1876..
22
1877.
100
22
1878.
4, 448
100
11, 154
800
$12, 465
5, 791
1,431
1879...
10, 439
31, 766
1, 812
1,465
8, 623
11, 361
1, 876
9, 464
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876..
1878...
137
1879...
3
85
1,162
17
197
65
65
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1877.
1879..
7
49
7
1, 191
49
238
1, 191
238
TOTAL CANADA.
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
3, 981
12, 147
4, 140
10, 165
29, 721
13, 409
800
12, 465
14, 243
11, 506
50, 074
50, 333
14, 291
18, 330
64, 529
54, 108
18, 449
65, 435
38. RAILROAD TIES AND SLEEPERS.
ONTARIO.
Pieces.
1869..
Pieces.
Pieces.
199, 059
1870.
$34, 479
279, 317
199, 059
1871.
55, 842
$34, 479
578, 638
379, 317
1872.
128, 599
55, 842
578, 638
508, 517
1873...
120, 238
128, 599
508, 517
939, 412
1874.
286, 692
120, 238
939, 412
1, 201, 750
286, 692
1875.
362, 035
1
1876..
383, 273
1, 201, 750
103, 371
362, 035
398, 583
383, 273
103, 371
1877..
87,417
328, 656
398, 583
87,417
1878...
78, 911
380, 242
328, 656
78, 911
1879..
89, 471
380, 242
435, 308
89, 47L
110,998
435, 308
110,998
QUEBEC.
18683
420, 427
1869
58, 343
1870..
51, 083
424, 578
5, 947
58,343
36, 015
51, 725
1871.
4, 295
152, 359
36, 308
9, 147
4,383
1872.
16, 007
152, 359
120, 991
16, 007
1873..
14,502
1874.
313, 009
121, 587
30, 160
16, 972
314, 227
1875...
238, 807
30, 781
31, 510
279, 814
238, 807
1876..
45, 863
30, 781
31, 550
279, 814
1877.
61, 472
45, 863
313, 285
312, 550
61, 472
1878..
39, 326
360
$538
317, 341
1879..
305, 164
37,875
67, 073
2, 512
7,760
388, 502
318, 003
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
47, 054
111, 234
388, 502
47, 054
2 Before 1870 "Saw-logs" were reported collectively by values without distinguishing the kind or
quantity of timber, and as follows:
1868, to United States.
1869, to United States..
$78, 524; total exportation, $78,524
72, 343; total exportation, 72,343
In 1868 Quebec and Ontario collectively reported "Saw-logs and Shingle-bolts" $91,965 to the United
States, this being the total exportation.
3 Quebec and Ontario.
496
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
38. RAILROAD TIES AND SLEEPERS-Continued.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of Total Exportation.
Canada.¹
Years and Provinces.


Quantity Value.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Pieces.
1868.
Pieces.
Pieces.
2, 221
1869...
$494
10, 755
$2, 238
1870....
8, 067
2, 340
1, 348
539
1871..
9, 812
2, 174
1872...
3,850
705
3, 850
705
144
71
1873..
2, 556
408
225
100
1874
5, 377
733
400
60
1876..
400
GO
1878..
1, 540
248
690
138
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868..
174, 529
33, 813
1869.
195, 477
42,803
162, 213
31, 215
1870...
173, 769
36, 149
202, 628
1871...
24, 109
218, 352
41, 660
420, 289
71, 970
1872...
421, 423
72, 310
291, 197
54, 029
1873.
303, 666
57, 083
355, 355
64, 781
1874.
400, 702
72, 727
428, 570
76, 567
1875..
428, 590
76, 567
242, 436
46, 832
1876
242, 436
46, 832
152, 058
24, 594
1877...
153, 627
25, 154
274, 349
48, 501
1878
270, 249
48, 596
262, 369
45, 654
1879.
44, 610
$7, 103
262, 373
45, 656
184, 039
31, 984
116, 797
17, 416
300, 836
49, 400
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
597, 177
92, 650
1869...
630, 810
122, 830
412, 355
71, 641
1870...
432, 620
81, 123
620, 300
94, 785
1871.
743, 789
104, 059
1, 155, 136
217, 281
1872.
1, 156, 270
217, 621
920, 849
188, 838
1873...
936, 326
194, 698
1, 608, 001
381, 733
1874...
1, 659, 718
391, 662
1,860, 547
640, 143
1875.
1, 869, 547
460, 443
905, 523
146, 066
1876
1877..
1878...
966, 026
208, 404
863, 191
173, 483
866, 300
174, 291
916, 290
166, 718
8, 060
1,768
923, 946
195, 810
947, 775
173, 000
47, 122
14, 863
961, 308
1879...
39. HOP, HOOP, TELEGRAPH, AND OTHER POLES.
246, 499
1, 124, 646
207, 452
116, 797
17, 416
1, 127,
127, 382
1
208, 492
ONTARIO.
1876.
1877...
Pieces.
1, 362, 442
Pieces.
$24, 455
Pieces.
1,362, 442
36, 312
1878.
$24, 455
36, 312
16, 428
1879.
16, 428
28, 848
28, 848
QUEBEC.
1876.
29, 298
1, 221
1877.
29, 298
1, 221
3,376
1878.
4, 033
1, 136
1879...
11, 232
1, 136
11, 716
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876.
LO
5
40
322
445
1877.
223
1878.
691
1879..
1, 179
2
409
NEW BRUNSWICK,
1876..
2,000
4
3, 200
28
1877.
3, 075
1878..
3, 075
3, 667
1879...
5, 153
$18
5,268
5, 615
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1879.
25
TOTAL CANADA.
1876.
1877
1878..
1879.
1, 395, 262
26, 149
43, 643
21, 925
24, 011
45, 235
18
46, 615
From 1870 to 1879 only.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS. 497
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
40. LATH-WOOD. (See 21.)

Years and Provinces.
ONTARIO.
1873.
1870...
QUEBEC.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce of Total Exportation.
Canada.¹

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Cords.
Cords.
585
$802
1871...
1872.
1873...
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877..
1878.
1879.
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868..
1870...
329
224
1871.
1872..
1873...
1874..
1875.
1876.
-
·
Cords.
585
$802
2, 210
15, 004
1, 555
9, 839
1, 333
9, 051
1,217
8, 474
1, 048
8, 285
1,932
18, 085
1, 615
14, 415
1,765
16, 116
10
$65
1, 588
14, 020
944
8, 291
92
450
430
693
6
30
25
50
3
14
350
511
69
332
•
46
184
28
121
71
244
48
171
1877.
1878..
1879..
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1870..
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874
1875.
1876.
1877.
·
1878.
1879...
257
1, 431
•
202
1,080
79
389
33
48
10
74
44
7
487
142
953
88
440
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877...
1878..
1879.
14
14
41
137
12
34
7
30
TOTAL CANADA.
1870..
329
224
1871.
2,897
17, 128
1872.
1,763
10, 949
1873...
1, 432
9, 490
585
802
1874.
1,838
9, 447
1875..
1, 454
9, 155
1876.
2, 077
18, 809
1877.
134
685
26
131
1878.
1, 936
17, 027
1879...
1, 813
15, 251
•
1, 087
8, 935
ONTARIO.
1869..
1870...
1871...
41. SHINGLE BOLTS. (See 27.)
M fect.
8,546
Cords.
11, 037
$27, 373
M feet.
Cords.
M feet.
8, 546
$27, 373
Cords.
39,887
15, 667
11, 037
1872.
54, 472
39, 887
8,374
15, 667
31, 408
54, 472
1873..
1874.
1875..
4, 9231
2, 986
1, 112
8, 374
18, 372
31, 408
4, 9231
11, 634
18, 372
1876.
3, 871
2,986
11, 634
1,236
1, 112
1877.
3, 499
3,871
719
1, 236
1,727
3, 499
1878...
719
304
747
1,727
1879...
304
129
747
385
121
385
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
32 FOR
498
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
41. SHINGLE BOLTS-Continued.
To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada,¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
QUEBEC.
1869...
Cords.
34
1870..
મંત્ર
Cords.
$126
2
NOVA SCOTIA.
1869.
1876.
15
6J
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1877.
Cords.
34
$126
2
15
· 60
1
40
3
36
TOTAL CANADA.
M feet.
1869.
M feet.
18, 546
M feet.
27, 559
28,546
Cords.
27, 559
1870..
Cords.
Cords.
11, 037
1871.
39, 889
11, 037
15, 667
39, 889
1872.
54, 472
15, 667
54, 472
8,374
31, 408
1873..
8, 374
31, 408
4, 923
1874.
18, 372
4, 9231
2,986
18, 372
11, 634
1875.
·
2,9863
11, 634

1, 112
3, 871
1876.
1, 112
3,871
1, 236
1877.
3, 499
1, 236
3, 499
719
1, 727
1878.
719
1, 727
304
747
1879..
304
747
121
385
121
385
ONTARIO.
18693
1870...
1871..
1872.
1873.
1874.
42. STAVE BOLTS. (See 26, 27.)
M feet.
868
M feet.
$3,343
M feet.
Cords.
Cords.
868
Cords.
$3,243
1, 625
5, 213
1875.
1876.
1877...
1878.
2, 092
2, 507
734
1, 023
2, 626
1, 625
5,922
2, 098
5, 213
5,954
7,440
2, 507
7, 440
734
2, 626
3,758
-
534
1, 038
3,908
2, 478
534
3,243
2,978
9, 682
15, 547
3, 244
9, 722
31, 023
15, 547
10, 447
1879..
22, 115
31, 023
15, 477
10, 447
22, 115
30, 959
15, 477
30, 959
QUEBEC.
1870...
8
43
1871...
8
6
38
6
33888888
43
NOVA SCOTIA.
1873...
1874.
1876..
7
100
15
150
1
40
TOTAL CANADA.
1869...
M feet.
M feet.
868
3,243
M feet.
868
Cords.
3, 243
1870.
Cords.
Cords.
1, 633
1871..
5, 256
1,633
2, 008
5, 256
1872.
5, 960
2, 098
2, 507
5, 960
7,440
1873..
2, 507
734
7,440
2, 626
1874.
1, 023
1875..
3,758
534
1876...
2,478
3, 243
1877..
9, 682
734
1,023
534
3,243
2, 626
3,758
2,478
15, 547
9, 682
31, 023
1878.
1879..
10, 447 22, 115
15, 477
15, 547
10, 447
31, 023
22, 115
50, 959
15, 477
50, 959
1869...
1870...
ONTARIO.
43. FIRE-WOOD.
Cords.
Cords.
209,748
200, 988
$438, 935
419, 616
Cords.
209, 748
200, 988
$438, 935
419, 616
1From 1876 to 1879 only.
2 Besides 49 cords.
3 Stave and Shingle Bolts.-Ontario, 1869, to United States, 8,467 M feet, $31,492.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
499
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
43. FIRE-WOOD-Continued.

To the United
States.
Not the Produce of
Canada,¹
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO-Continued.
Cords.
Cords.
1871.
Cords.
182, 064
$385, 092
1872.
182, 004
$385, 092
155, 368
361, 368
1873
155, 368
361, 363
234, 640
623, 680
1874
234, 640
623, 680
179, 012
474, 562
1875.
179, 012
474, 562
141, 270
315, 670
1876.
141, 270
315, 670
147, 800
279, 217
1877...
147, 860
279, 217
142, 348
273, 029
1878..
142, 348
273, 029
134, 129
240, 570
1879.
134, 129
240, 570
119, 625
213, 013
119, 625
213, 013
QUEBEC.
18682
196, 641
419, 308
1869..
196, 641
419, 308
2,500
3, 449
1870.
2, 540
1, 398
3, 529
1, 608
1871.
1, 468
1, 788
3, 098
4, 477
1872.
3, 119
2, 174
4, 531
2, 306
1873.
2, 222
4,328
2, 433
7,510
1874
4,328
7,510
2, 011
4, 169
1875.
831
2,292
1876.
2, 039
1, 459
4,317
878
4,039
2, 044
1877.
899
2, 132
1,276
2, 461
1878
1, 346
2,678
5, 503
9, 099
1879.
5, 529
6, 900
10, 558
9, 235
6, 918
10, 621
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868.
29, 267
75, 180
1869..
29, 459
32, 004
75, 712
84, 460
1870.
32, 084
32, 746
84, 681
97, 385
1871.
32, 780
97, 463
25, 727
82, 560
1872.
25, 731
30, 805
82,507
105, 414
1873..
30, 977
23, 965
105, 630
87,982
1874.
26, 049
23, 990
88, 046
91, 085
1875.
26, 049
·
25, 748
91, 085
86, 307
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
25, 786
86, 445
-
26, 065
64, 613
26, 098
-
23, 049
64, 613
60, 660
23, 103
60, 729
·
26, 841
68, 434
26, 868
27, 286
72, 652
68, 500
27, 353
72, 810
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
271
610
1869..
278
628
193
738
1870..
•
193
738
526
1871.
1, 368
-
526
375
1, 368
966
1872.
391
131
1, 056
350
1873.
131
350
182
1874..
506
182
506
112
29]
1875.
133
350
820
1876.
2, 001
839
1, 354
1877.
3, 239
2,074
1,398
712
3, 374
1878..
1, 383
729
392
1, 433
ป
681
1879..
392
681
1, 374
3, 200
1,380
3, 215
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1877....
47
136
1878..
29
137
1879..
16
51
17
50
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
226, 179
1869.
495, 098
226, 378
1870...
273, 250
578, 105
495, 648
250, 567
278, 222
586, 362
1871...
553, 857
211, 264
256, 366
516, 681
1872.
473, 095
188, 538
211, 305
473, 246
1873.
469, 438
263, 115
188, 698
1874.
719, 678
469, 781
207, 184
263, 140
719, 742
1875
570, 107
168, 663
207, 262
570, 413
1876..
406, 270
169, 398
176, 157
1877..
349, 033
408, 352
167, 385
176, 302
1878.
337, 473
349, 472
167, 555
1879..
166, 865
318, 784
337, 935
166, 934
155, 185
299, 423
319, 037
155, 293
299, 709
1 From 1870 to 1879 only.
2 Quebec and Ontario.
500
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Other Timber, Lumber, and Wood-Continued.
44. OTHER WOODS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED. (See 25, 36.)

Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce
of Canada.2
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
ONTARIO.
1869.
1870..
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877.
1878...
57, 791
1879....
QUEBEC.
18683
1869.
28, 423
45, 005
270, 804
1870.
94, 281
1871...
1872...
1873.
1874
1875
1876..
125, 776
183, 700
·
196, 083
170, 780
•
330, 129
196, 303
1877..
1878...
1879...
21, 386
11, 154
$91, 707
85, 905
$91, 707
85, 905
•
122, 788
122, 788
137, 619
137, 619
676, 582
676, 582
207, 920
-
207, 920
231, 118
231, 118
29,716
29, 716
57, 791
28, 423
45, 005
305, 388
119, 791
153, 252
203, 432
215, 007
197, 286
361, 873
275, 726
$2,495
30
·
4, 047
35, 909
1,803
11, 530
4, 508
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868...
1869.
14, 303
17, 754
16, 447
1870...
29, 643
1871.
18, 422
42, 474
1872.
19, 237
40, 474
1873.
17, 627
54, 530
1874.
13, 381
41, 449
13, 990
1875..
26, 837
1876.
17, 425
29, 897
1877.
17, 088
25, 327
1878...
15, 816
18
18, 325
15, 471
1879...
19, 004
20, 725
284
21, 436
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868.
1869.
33, 476
65, 745
51, 024
1870...
83, 213
39, 094
1871.
63, 437
1872.
42, 648
66, 837
1873.
65,728
89, 509
73, 905
1874..
143, 740
1875
38, 526
68, 322
1876..
33, 330
68, 882
11, 233
1877.
15, 468
1878..
2, 944
225
3, 464
63
1879...
2, 199
1, 042
518
1, 560
TOTAL CANADA.
1868..
318, 583
1869.
388, 887
253, 459
1870...
324, 354
269, 197
1871..
345, 068
368, 375
1872..
433, 533
417, 057
1873.
•
496, 665
934, 648
1874..
•
1,059, 594
590, 569
1875.
478, 208
1876.
#
666, 035
608, 196
· 79, 423
1877..
1878...
1879...
2, 495
106,420
76, 356
243
81, 140
55, 111
61, 156
71, 337
807
72, 509
"Sleepers" reported in 1868 for Ontario and Quebec, 4,151 pieces, $19,450.
2 From 1876 to 1879 only.
3 Quebec and Ontario.
[In 1868, "saw-logs and shingle-bolts" were exported from Quebec to the value of $91,965 to the United
States, and not included elsewhere in this table; also the same year, from the same province, $17,984
worth of saw-logs, paying a duty of $1 per M feet. Tho Province of Ontario, in 1869, exported saw.logs
to the value of $209,748, free of duty, that are not included in the tables.]
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
501
(d.) Wood Manufactures and incidental Forest Products.
45. WOOD MANUFACTURES-HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.

Years and Provinces.
To the United Not the Produce
States.
of Canada,1
Total Exportation.
Value. Quantity.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Valuc.
ONTARIO.
1876.
1877..
1878
$41, 821
$41, 821
66, 125
66, 175
55, 206
1879...
$1,680
85, 407
1, 972
57, 091
87,809
QUEBEC.
1876.
44, 107
1877
1878..
67, 016
1, 040
44, 536
74, 039
14, 392
1879...
1,200
23, 464
3, 111
332
9, 745
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876.
1877.
1878...
1879...
465
1,282
20
2, 135
50
142
600
963
2, 310
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1877..
219
1878.
200
472
1879.
100
500
536
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1876.
1879.
TOTAL CANADA.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879...
335
472
30
30
85,926
113, 825
70, 880
89,098
335
1.240
2,900
82, 790
2, 446
98, 720
87,792
143, 596
46. WOOD MANUFACTURES-DOORS, SASH, AND BLINDS.
ONTARIO.
1877.
1878.
1879.
QUEBEC.
1876....
1877.
1878....
1879...
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876..
1878...
1879...
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1879.
$5, 942
27,717
7, 646
$5, 942
20, 690
4, 961
9, 834
6, 611
9, 834
6,641
9, 054
11, 610
600
6
763
198
TOTAL CANADA.
1876..
1877.
1878...
1879...
20, 690
5, 153
10, 459
12, 583
$192
36, 777
20, 217
47. WOOD MANUFACTURES-NOT SPECIFIED.
ONTARIO.
1869...
1870....
1871.
$26, 275
21, 922
45, 947
1872..
71, 157
$26, 275
21,922
46, 332
1873.
21, 482
78, 903
1
1874..
23, 079
21, 881
1875..
52, 277
23, 079
1876.
37, 365
52, 277
1877...
25, 906
37, 365
1878..
$612
27, 387
34, 245
1879.
526
25, 667
46, 042
428
¹From 1876 to 1879 only.
31, 047
502
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Wood Manufactures and incidental Forest Products-Continued.
47. WOOD MANUFACTURES-NOT SPECIFIED-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada. ¹
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value. Quantity. Value.
QUEBEC.
1868..
1869.
1870...
1871.
$26, 969
4, 489
17,988
$56, 152
28, 891
1872.
17, 680
57, 032
70, 021
1873..
37, 450
1874.
43, 128
68, 427
1875
23, 353
72, 695
42, 851
1876.
30, 576
42, 696
1877.
13, 913
43, 300
1878
16,885
$1,049
1879..
21, 743
67, 786
1,792
126, 413
31, 570
1, 132
121, 407
NOVA SCOTIA.
1868...
1869.
497
1870.
1871.
1, 958
1,371
$7,461
9, 059
6, 059
995
1872...
6, 195
1873
1, 511
3, 005
888
1874.
2, 185
1875.
349
4,500
573
1876.
12, 512
1877.
289
12, 703
1878
1,083
480
25, 717
1879..
252
410
21, 002
408
369
10, 847
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1868..
1869.
5,387
125
1870.
1871.
1, 187
7,880
812
1, 519
243
1872..
1, 631
87
1873..
1874.
18.5.
2, 128
480
12, 703
-
252
410
25, 717
1876.
1877...
1878...
1879...
MANITOBA.
403
369
21, 002
15, 745
513
488
3, 127
2,895
10,847
16, 064
647
23, 766
2223
74
22
22223
74
1877...
1879..
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1877..
7,886
1878.
281
1879.
189
106
38
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
33, 853
1869
30, 789
1870...
41, 281
1871
64, 865
1872
110, 205
1873
65, 496
1874.
47, 063
1875.
83, 829
1876.
49, 567
1877.
45, 552
1878.
57, 108
1879.
60, 978
2,325
3, 324
4,862
1,672
2,578
71, 493
55, 978
85, 013
124, 179
152, 508
109, 464
96, 747
128, 487
104, 215
144, 904
195, 776
189, 667
NOVA SCOTIA.
Pounds.
Pounds.
Pounds.
1869...
1876.
70
4,000
7
635
1877.
444
44
1878..
300
43
1879.
100
15
From 1870 to 1879 only.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
503
(d.) Wood Manufactures and incidental Forest Products-Continued.
47. WOOD MANUFACTURES—NOT SPECIFIED-Continued.
To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada.¹
Total Exportation.
Years and Provinces.

Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value. Quantity. Value.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Pounds.
Pounds.
Pounds.
1869...
140
14
1870...
470
$27
1871.
1,525
92
308
1873.
34
200
1875..
40
1877.
2,671
267
100
8
2, 671
267
240
1878.
80
នគ
22
8
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
5, 082
478
1869.
5, 832
568
2, 519
238
1870...
4, 240
391
2, 747
217
1871
7, 902
682
1872.
14, 396
1,375
18, 196
1,761
1873.
18. 851
1,824
33, 273
2,357
1874.
33, 923
2, 437
7, 617
705
1875.
7, 617
716
18, 383
1, 697
1876..
18, 503
1,709
1, 638
627
1877..
10, 508
22, 907
1, 206
2,234
1878.
1879.
26, 052
2, 525
2,425
213
7,207
1, 283
114
1, 888
782
192
48. MAPLE SUGAR.2
ONTARIO.
1869..
1870.
1871....
1872...
1873..
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878..
1879.
QUEBEC.
18683
5, 082
478
1869.
1, 699
159
1870..
2, 192
181
1871.
10,000
914
1872..
11, 377
1,077
1873..
5, 222
495
1874.
3, 339
321
1875.
5,712
555
•
1876..
3,478
362
1877..
13, 873
1, 162
1878...
1, 725
143
1879...
1, 223
108
Pounds.
Pounds.
Pounds.
610
$58
·
610
$58
85
9
85
9
3,757
402
3,757
402
6, 819
684
6, 819
684
28, 051
1,862
28, 051
1, 862
4, 278
375
4, 278
375
10,000
875
10, 000
875
2, 660
265
2, 660
265
8, 934
1, 004
8, 934
1, 064
700
70
706
70
25
3
85
9
5,8 2
568
3, 420
312
6, 292
581
10, 331
939
12, 032
1, 140
5, 672
535
3, 339
321
5,832
567
3,848
396
16, 434
1,395
6, 121
660
1, 703
168
49. BARK FOR TANNING.
ONTARIO.
Cords.
1876..
1877...
1878.
1879...
Cords.
4, 508
$17,946
4,508
7,068
25, 255
7,068
24, 881
$17,946
25, 255
59, 570
24, 881
7,025
22, 708
7,025
59, 570
22,708
QUEBEC.
1876.
35, 101
135, 100
1877.
35, 101
69, 283
135, 100
225, 713
1878..
69, 283
71, 671
225, 713
26, 198
1879.
71, 671
52, 752
261, 948
181, 073
52, 752
181, 073
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876..
1877...
1878.
238
862
238
862
140
420
1, 254
486
1879...
1,605
17, 389
488
169
1, 605
506
From 1876 to 1879 only.
169
506
2 Classed with “Agricultural Products.”
3 Quebec and Ontario.
504
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
(d.) Wood Manufactures and incidental Forest Products-Continued.
49. BARK FOR TANNING-Continued.

To the United Not the Produce of
States.
Canada.¹
Years and Provinces.
Total Exportation.
Quantity. Value. Quantity.
Value. Quantity. Value.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Cords.
1876..
1877
Cords.
Cords.
3,377
$16, 724
3, 377
7,892
$16, 724
1878.
33, 343
7,892
9, 334
33, 342
1879..
37, 136
5, 941
9, 334
23, 699
37, 136
5, 946
23, 699
TOTAL CANADA.
1876.
43, 224
170, 632
1877
43, 224
75, 383
170, 632
1878.
287, 730
76, 497
106, 374
301, 699
360, 259
1879...
106, 374
65, 892
227, 986
360, 259
65, 892
227, 986
50. EXTRACT OF HEMLOCK BARK.
ONTARIO.
1870...
1871..
1872...
1873..
1874.
1879..
150
1,054
302
252
5, 203
1, 161
1,025
QUEBEC.
1868.
8.943
1869..
81, 768
17, 078
1870.
154, 144
15, 514
1871.
126, 751
5, 291
1872.
46, 241
•
240
1873..
2, 213
Barrels.
Barrels.
Barrels.
5
$90
5
200
1, 947
$90
200
1, 947
1,367
150
1, 367
1, 054
5, 203
302
1, 025
252
1, 161
23, 098
205, 600
20, 910
186, 750
18, 746
154, 846
6, 272
56, 551
264
2, 503
1874..
1875.
1876.
2,376
1877..
6, 668
1878.
22, 358
43, 704
•
24, 925
306, 938
•
9, 442
4, 717
1879...
5, 912
30, 690
38, 728
74, 443
·
8,088
65, 997
8, 302
67, 468
NOVA SCOTIA.
1876...
1878...
354
164
3, 540
378
1,700
3,880
164
1,700
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1871..
69
1872...
1,036
69
4, 462
1,036
1876...
44, 584
7,463
77, 596
517
1877...
10, 340
3, 422
40
68, 440
303
1878...
6, 381
1,908
1879.
8,759
87, 194
11, 190
120, 143
2,048
32, 768
TOTAL CANADA.
1868...
8, 943
81, 768
1869..
23, 098
17, 078
205, 600
154, 144
1870...
20, 910
186, 750
15, 514
126, 751
1871...
18,746
5, 560
154, 846
49, 224
1872...
26, 541
390
283, 327
3, 580
1873.
12, 116
117, 823
4, 180
24, 032
1874...
13, 129
5, 224
106, 264
48.822
1875..
9, 776
5, 288
95, 717
52, 389
1876.
22, 632
230, 229
3, 247
36, 238
1877..
28, 725
6, 708
379, 258
44, 066
1878..
1879.
15, 823
161, 637
6, 789
41, 149
19, 442
6, 164
40, 389
187, 840
10, 602
101, 897
1869.
1870..
ONTARIO.
1872.
1 From 1876 to 1879 only.
51. ASHES, POT AND PEARL.

Barrels,
Barrels.
491
$13, 054
57
1, 816
105
4, 064
•
•
Barrels.
491
$13, 054
57
1,816
105
4, 064
2 The Value only of the quantity made during this year in Nova Scotia was given, viz, $23,793.
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
505
(d.) Wood Manufactures and incidental Forest Products-Continued.
51. ASHES, POT AND PEARL-Continued.
Years and Provinces.
To the United
States.
Not the Produce Total Exportation.
of Canada.¹

Quantity Value. Quantity. Value.
Quantity
Barrels.
Barrels.
1873.
20
$775
1874.
41
2, 101
1875.
35
1878..
1, 196
7
188
1879..
25
750
Value. Quantity. Value.
Barrels.
20
$775
41
2, 101
35
1, 196
7
188
25
750
QUEBEC.
18682
5,437
160, 658
1869.
22, 168
719, 613
3, 171
87, 330
1870.
22, 305
710, 519
2,368
69, 635
1871..
18, 190
556, 564
874
24, 918
1872..
17, 466
636, 452
2,229
117, 978
1873.
13, 967
634, 180
862
33, 426
1874.
16, 265
688, 841
209
7,327
1875.
15, 371
534, 320
524
20, 134
1870..
13, 811
545, 032
387
8, 797
1877..
14, 147
423, 894
116
3, 042
1878..
16, 459
471, 830
4, 024
39, 815
1879.
19, 570
296, 775
3, 318
36, 409
4
$450
11, 035
244, 460
NOVA SCOTIA.
1874
1877.
68
1878..
1879...
88-2
1
2
19
3
NEW BRUNSWICK.
1874.
2
90
TOTAL CANADA.
1868.
5, 437
1869..
160, 658
22, 168
719, 013
3, 602
100, 384
18/0.
22, 796
723, 573
706
19, 249
1871....
2,709
878
78, 815
1872...
24, 918
17, 466
2, 334
636, 452
122, 042
1873..
14, 072
638, 244
882
1874.
34, 201
16, 225
689, 616
300
1875.
11, 806
15, 478
538, 799
559
1870...
21, 330
13, 846
546, 228
1877...
8, 797
14, 147
116
433, 894
3, 042
1878.
16, 460
1879...
4, 031
2, 343
471, 832
40, 003
19, 579
296, 982
37, 159
4
$450
11, 060
245, 217
ONTARIO.
1878.
1879...
QUEBEC.
1878...
TOTAL CANADA.
1878..
1879...
52. LEACHED ASHES.

$3.549
10, 260
158
3,707
10, 260
From 1876 to 1879 only.
"Quebec and Ontario.
$3, 549
10, 260
158
3, 707
10, 260
506
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
A
5.-EXPORTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE Do-
MINION OF CANADA TO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES FROM 1874 TO 1879, INCLUSIVE.
(Values.)
Countries.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
BIRCH TIMBER.
United States..
$10, 310
$2,470
$8,804
$600
Great Britain
$155
395, 067
$30
454, 581
241, 170
British West Indies
293, 363
214, 878
124, 846
75
Newfoundland..
13
359
746
1, 319
1, 520
562
France..
171
302
852
100
St. Pierre and Miquelon
180
795
60
13
320
Portugal.
1,056
514
590
420
222
Madeira
251
126
ELM TIMBER.
United States.
Great Britain
Gibraltar
Newfoundland.
France...
St. Pierre and Miquelon
Portugal.
OAK TIMBER.
United States.
Great Britain
135
7
394, 415
9, 871
377, 126
2, 079
140
230, 937
323, 877
224, 922
94, 457
250
276
205
40
26
73
2, 512
391
536
258
2, 142
113
120
1, 100
Gibraltar
Newfoundland
-
Belgium
France
St. Pierre and Miquelon...
Germany
Holland
Portugal
Spain
South America.
81, 556
1, 456, 483
12,918
1, 554, 048
3,756
16, 303
1,050, 067
9, 956
1, 545, 434
420
6, 173
1,043, 246
3, 322
318, 657
240
897
51, 170
30, 463
400
11, 522
11, 352
7,670
51, 955
752
21, 856
38, 557
29, 508
56, 205
4, 650
70
395
14, 319
3,250
28, 918
5, 358
27, 433
4, 248
7,852
3, 145
804
3, 200
2,000
450
3, 387
1, 505
149
PINE TIMBER (RED).
United States.
7,000
803
Great Britain
1,000
238, 595
432, 000
British West Indies.
300, 039
403, 477
267, 519
140, 106
60
Gibraltar
853
Newfoundland
-
2, 360
1, 352
83
France.
100
114
115
Portugal
165
Spain
1,280
2,700
390
PINE TIMBER (WHITE).
United States.
33, 572
Great Britain.
2, 651, 724
39, 091
3, 460, 850
British West Indies.
27, 782
2,908, 641
336
9, 095
4, 226, 812
6, 296
2,825, 570
848
1,095, 361
Gibraltar
9
Newfoundland .
299
404
Belgium
545
7,090
1,579
1,594
France.
8,500
39, 537
23, 075
St. Pierre and Miquelon..
4, 503
700
483
6, 838
10, 180
530
5,748
Germany
3
-
8, 635
18, 120
Holland.
4, 411
1, 152
Portugal
4, 718
3, 300
1, 474
80
Spain
161
DEALS.
United States..
6, 372
Great Britain
7,830, 825
Australia.
23, 374
8, 077, 857
58, 958
7, 620, 479
64, 280
8,057, 311
89, 309
7, 355, 375
British West Indies.
12, 303
2, 652
2, 251
42, 192
Gibraltar
167
7, 964
211
Mauritius
4, 418
1, 568
1, 561
Newfoundland.
1, 850
1, 986
2, 153
Belgium
7,030
Brazil..
957
26, 808
248
295
4,080
7, 916
87,755
4, 746, 056
61, 320
948
4,779
887
709
3, 640
10, 953
1, 259
France.
St. Pierre and Miquelon.
33, 927
150, 374
34, 009
234, 830
258, 652
211, 968
Germany
600
522
1, 192
Holland.
24, 278
773
14, 239
Italy...
12, 963
4,056
280
15, 611
39, 568
9, 819
£87
3, 476
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
507
5.-EXPORTATION OF TILE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &c.-Continued.

Countries.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
DEALS Continued.
Portugal
$20, 988
$10, 461
$28, 946
Azores.
$12, 896
$16, 302
$340
Madeira
-
428
Spain.
150
3, 801
5, 078
15,781
25, 479
Africa
38, 068
South America.
1, 751
2,252
13, 191
· 481
684
11, 737
16, 938
10, 074
5, 980
334
4, 048
2, 023
DEAL ENDS.
United States.
Great Britain
Australia
Gibraltar
Newfoundland
Belgium
France.
Germany.
Holland.
Italy..
Portugal.
Spain
Africa
South America .
PLANKS, BOARDS, AND JOISTS.
1,925
98
23, 201
109
493
78
268, 885
342, 468
323, 428
349, 675
271, 390
217, 741
6
849
1, 158
46
170
560
713
94
344
168
861
7,313
598
7,421
7,662
5, 474
962
214
290
295
1, 303
244
243
355
488
785
405
39
70
465
687
223
1, 158
65
347
289
888
166
38
117
82
United States
7, 130, 456
Great Britain
Australia
British Guiana.
4, 623, 012
3, 551, 741
3, 323, 858
3, 155, 941
· -
229, 691
3, 007, 244
187, 769
176, 129
339, 704
309, 469
58, 071
112,963
53,389
102, 567
126, 746
21, 863
190, 436
110,963
British East Indies
40, 170
16, 136
12, 145
31, 546
34, 800
British West Indies.
555, 533
Falkland Islands.
Gibraltar
Labrador
429, 608
7,570
327, 721
8, 281
346, 698
268, 238
262, 353
3, 492
4, 403
269
Mauritius
Navigator's Island
Newfoundland.
New Zealand
264
120
6
•
1,251
1,268
41, 300
4, 137
40, 570
40, 419
57, 351
55, 192
59, 291
Belgium
Central America.
Chili.
China
3, 184
390
1,931
9, 147
8, 665
5, 020
48, 693
·
Hayti.
Holland
Danish West Indies
France
French West Indies
St. Pierre and Miquelon.
Germany
26, 123
32, 840
18, 543
27, 336
89, 503
47, 982
1, 853
1, 600
1, 591
3, 164
4,394
50
5, 500
6, 244
25, 784
38, 103
3, 491
26, 531
10, 555
16, 142
14, 345
13, 118
15, 071
14,791
2, 516
10, 771
5, 989
9,988
5,956
20, 667
10, 473
12, 724
6, 670
2, 223
-
Dutch Guiana
736
869
Dutch West Indies.
Italy
Japan
1, 238
1,450
1, 200
2, 104
1, 615
2, 965
1,760
3, 828
5,000
Mexico
Peru..
Portugal
Azores
Madeira
San Domingo
Sandwich Islands
3, 978
3, 801
49, 529
3, 559
1, 191
3, 287
6,290
5,716
5,956
1,800
2, 100
2,780
2,622
19, 308
16, 491
8, 710
7,672
10, 189
10, 234
19, 576
9, 626
Spain
6, 534
4, 686
4, 694
9, 146
19, 712
18, 369
Canary Islands
9, 200
Spanish West Indies.
12, 405
8, 013
910
6, 645
6, 103
7,648
951
Spanish Possessions in the
156, 143
123, 019
104, 409
87,313
84, 220
3, 928
105, 227
Pacific..
Africa
272
South America
12, 377
990, 050
382, 059
21, 665
337, 514
8,932
256, 209
19, 737
199, 034
13, 942
313, 560
SCANTLING.
United States.
Great Britain
41, 602
40, 890
25, 790
Australia
81, 297
75.892
66, 214
55, 980
84, 193
50, 533
88, 165
167, 209
58,310
British Guiana.
British West Indies
833
Bermuda
357
1, 138
778
8
41
Newfoundland
-
842
Central America
42
1, 114
2, 200
1, 939
10,979
• •
422
30
951
4, 062
1
508
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
5.-EXPORTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &C.-Continued.

Countries.
SCANTLING—Continued.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
France.
St. Pierre and Miquelon..
$97
$882
$522
578
$20
$436
$550
846
French West Indies
919
773
14
Hayti..
3, 466
1, 111
791
180
Portugal
50
366
Azores.
66
125
Madeira
38
463
Spain
800
Canary Islands
2,505
1, 083
900
Spanish Possessions in the
Pacific
900
Spanish West Indies
784
529
619
673
120
San Domingo
$36
754
Africa
670
600
South America
12, 538
7,295
2, 396
2, 821
1,389
STANDARD STAVES.
United States.
94, 215
5, 438
8, 271
16, 470
8,746
Great Britain
394, 501
355, 438
246, 454
398, 776
226, 027
4, 768
90,310
Australia
372
British Guiana.
8
16
British West Indies.
•
4,310
4, 765
2, 317
902
3, 053
1, 078
Gibraltar
591
Newfoundland
1, 210
1, 274
8, 072
782
3,092
1,087
Belgium
299
514
France
5,706
436
1,436
504
French West Indies
175
373
St. Pierre and Miquelon
274
84
2, 035
10
925
270
Holland.
311
Portugal.
65, 227
106, 276
49, 955
32, 364
68, 003
8, 532
Spain
144
960
1, 729
Spanish West Indies.
26
Africa
43
600
STAVES, OTHER THAN STAND-
ARD.
United States.
45, 401
18, 023
Great Britain ..
210, 954
115, 952
18, 556
119, 012
British Guiana
7, 045
149, 832
12, 112
141, 164
25, 160
37, 202
28
65
British West Indies.
243
420
3,050
Gibraltar
3, 463
1,016
1, 514
720
720
753
Labrador
229
Newfoundland.
·
10, 787
18, 208
200
5, 018
50
Belgium
22, 907
158
11, 972
6, 299
114
France..
8,948
1, 152
St. Pierre and Miquelon..
717
391
··
2, 114
Portugal.
829
224
2, 071
Madeira
40
3, 825
111
2, 664
16
Africa
1,696
100
3,571
869
SUGAR BOX SHOOKS.
United States.
64, 856
46, 718
Great Britain.
16, 838
British Guiana
17, 912
4,500
12, 818
13, 511
British West Indies
30
91, 109
Newfoundland..
3, 442
7
53
32
French West Indies
474
2, 413
450
12
St. Pierre and Miquelon...
14
Spanish West Indies...
355, 196
150, 803
South America
184, 886
1,002
162, 807
1, 512
57, 708
84, 899
324
SHINGLES.
United States..
268, 304
202, 071
86, 542
Great Britain
64, 643
114, 334
310
1
Australia
344
British Guiana
103
105
British West Indies.
27, 618
46, 137
204
36, 856
14
14, 760
Falkland Island.
1, 095
41, 288
121, 091
2, 053
219
1, 831
58, 953
80
Labrador
92
191
Mauritius
Newfoundland
11, 722
400
15,986
10, 267
16, 531
New Zealand
14, 627
5, 149
-
175
30
China
213
525
688
Danish West Indies
225
591
228
21
EXPORTATION OF CANADIAN
CANADIAN FOREST PRODUCTS.
509
5.-EXPORTATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &c.-Continued.

Countries.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
SHINGLES Continued.
France
$125
French West Indies
St. Pierre and Miquelon.
$3,132
418
$3,181
894
$1,594
$67
$1,075
1, 581
1, 458
418
3, 148
8, 237
Havti..
495
819
1, 337
Holland.
1, 147
302
Dutch West Indies
·
6
118
Japan
159
San Domingo
80
Sandwich Islands
92
1, 244
340
1,129
825
413
Spain ..
27
Spanish West Indies
3, 483
3, 158
2, 592
4, 121
3,384
Africa
3,727
240
20
South America.
375
RAILROAD TIES.
United States.
469, 383
Great Britain.
60
196, 066
12, 338
173, 483
500
166, 738
29, 072
173, 000
73, 401
Australia.
207, 452
207,040
Newfoundland
Spanish West Indies.
FIRE-WOOD.
228
138
20
United States.
Great Britain
British West Indies.
Newfoundland…….
St. Pierre and Miquelon.
Spanish West Indies.
570, 107
406, 270
349, 033
337, 473
318, 784
299, 423
180
1,717
88
217
136
16
59
170
184
50
45
43
62
36
7
20
10
5
159
143
188
52
217
24
6.—AVERAGE PRICE OF TIMBER PER TON, EXPORTED FROM CANADA DURING THE
LAST TWENTY-FOUR YEARS.
Years.
Ash.
Birch.
Elm.
Maple.
Oak.
White pine. Red pine. Tamarack.
1856...
$5 56
$8.82
$13 95
1857.
7 28
9 34
11 39
$9 39
9 42
$11 16
$5 71
$7 61
$6 32
11 88
5 64
8 59
6 23
1858.
7 15
7 57
8 40
7 70
14 03
5 25
7 04
5 44
1859...
5 58
7 09
7 64
8 67
10 48
5 68
8 33
5 21
1860..
6 04
8 06
8 08
8 01
9 74
5 18
8 11
6 57
1861..
5 25
7 21
8 14
7 98
9 41
4.96
7 12
6 17
1802.
5 12
7 08
7 31
6 35
11 11
4.90
6 69
2 24
1863.
5 06
7 91
7 89
6 00
10 29
5 08
7 21
6 39
1864...
5 05
7 95
7 93
6 91
7 24
4 83
7 07
6 57
1865.
6 18
7 88
7 91
12 27
9 21
4 89
6 98
6 11
1866.
7 34
8 24
8 68
8 68
11 10
5 15
6 93
6 38
1867
7 19
866
8 87
8 46
11 07
4 11
6 34
6 64
1868.
8 27
7 07
9 19
7 13
11 39
5 41
6 64
5 10
1869..
7 86
7 11
8 87
12 91
12 08
6 15
7 16
7 37
1870...
5 01
7 07
9 36
11 80
7 48
7 36
3 53
1871.
9 17
6 61
975
4 70
14 26
9 39
8 08
2 47
1872.
9 83
6 83
9 81
7 07
14 43
9 58
8 52
2 23
1873.
10 91
11 94
11 94
10 89
14 94
10 44
9 79
198
1874.
12 26
9 23
14 26
8.00
17 62
10 69
12 07
7 41
1875.
12 33
8 45
14 66
13 65
19 92
10 15
9 83
1 25
1876.
11 08
7 62
11 05
7 98
16 33
11 69
8 10
1877
10 45
7 01
12 06
9 74
16 79
10 27
7 49
1878.
0 32
6 94
11 16
8 39
15 82
9 47
7 19
1879...
8 24
5 98
11 34
9 36
15 26
8 54
6 91
510
CANADIAN LUMBER EXPORTED FROM UNITED STATES.
7. CANADIAN LUMBER EXPORTED TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES FROM PORTS OF THE UNITED
STATES IN RECENT YEARS.
For several recent years the amount of exportation of foreign products from ports of
the United States has been reported in such a manner as to show separately the coun-
try to which exported and from what ports. The three principal ports from which
this lumber has been shipped, with a strong probability that it was produced in the
British North American Provinces, were Portland, Boston, and New York, and its
amount and value were as follows:
(a.) Boards, Deals, Plank, Joists, and Scantling.

Portland.
Boston.
New York.
Total. 1
Years.
M. feet.
Value.
M. feet.
Value.
M. feet.
Value.
M. feet.
Value.
1870-'71
7,659
$62, 962
1871-'72
2,762
$24, 965
9, 881
7,243
84, 735
$77,098
1872-'73
6, 052
17, 737
147, 863
$165, 889
14, 423
5, 762
141, 382
55, 820
1873-'74
6, 102
21, 695
85, 581
288, 418
6,996
13, 298
129, 539
95, 377
27, 601
1874-'75
4, 494
62, 814
323, 000
11, 780
8,863
112, 955
147, 699
814
26, 711
1875-'76
12, 667
306, 109
6,593
11, 574
133, 014
77, 155
24, 164
341
1876-'77
4,715
293, 380
9, 124
17, 390
100, 615
160, 943
742
24, 370
243, 758
1877-78
12, 663
9, 658
22, 217
94, 589
193, 645
1878-'79
8,877
80, 001
1, 660
2,560
32, 131
307, 585
29,998
23, 863
217, 636
35, 401
28, 024
344, 023
29, 343
262, 742
41, 140
371, 736
1 These columns include the following quantities and values besides those given in the preceding
columns :
M. feet.
1871, New London………..
73
$864 | 1877, Newburyport.
1873, New London..
80
983 1878, Machias...
1874, Oswegatchie
56
801 1879, Passamaquoddy
1876, Frenchman's Bay.
46
945
(b.) Shingles.
M. feet.
48
$662
220
1,800
360
369

Portland.
Boston.
New York.
Total.¹
Years.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
M.
Value.
1870-'71
$1, 111
$3, 822
1871-'72
$5, 280
977
2, 856
1, 534
3, 007
2, 731
1872-'73
6, 635
144
409
901
1, 940
20
$32
1, 415
1873-74
3, 458
449
1, 234
672
1,392
196
307
1, 317
2, 933
1874-75
267
534
267
534
1875-'76.
210
420
210
420
1878-'79
415
748
415
748
¹ New London exported as follows: In 1871, $347; in 1872, 200 M ($712); and in 1873, 350 M ($1,077).
(c.) Timber, Sawn or Hewn, Wholly or in Part.
1872, Buffalo, $369. 1873, Boston, $5,786. 1874, Oswegatchie, $125,000. 1874, $58,000. 1876, Portland,
$5,023. 1877, Chicago, $154. 1878, Boston, $115.
(d.) Other Lumber.
1871, Bangor, $470; Boston, $4,693; New York. $35,279. 1872, New York, $65,339. 1873, Passamaquoddy,
$3,700; New York, $40, 161. 1874, Boston, $1,015; New York, $93,351. 1875, New York, $80,908. 1876,
New York, $26,873. 1877, Boston, $37; New York, $29,451. 1878, New York, $200.
In some years staves and heading and other forest products have been likewise reported in trifling
quantities.
8. SHIPS BUILT AT QUEBEC, AND SOLD TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.



Fiscal years ending Number.
Tons. Valuc.
Fiscal years ending Number.
Tons. Value.
in-
in-
1868..
1869...
1870...
1871..
37
27
20
2522
32
22, 722 $837, 592
1872...
13
7, 911
27,000
18, 154
$332, 262
1,080, 000
1873.
18
15, 058
782, 900
14, 688
725, 080
558, 144
1874.
16
14, 485
796, 675
1875..
14
15,789
789, 450
SHIPS BUILT IN CANADA.
511
Years.
Ontario.
9. SHIPS BUILT IN CANADA, AND SOLD TO OTHER COUNTRIES DURING FOUR YEARS
ENDING IN 1878-79.

Province.
Years.
Number. Tonnage. Value.
Ontario
Quebec
1878
1
76
$3,000
1879
1
267
1, 150
1876
19
15, 627
651, 000
1877
14
13, 911
624, 920
1878
13
10, 928
434, 080
1879
4
2,966
Nova Scotia..
105, 671
1876
61
23, 025
582, 395
1877
47
17, 536
458, 811
1878
21
7,993
192, 080
1879
34
New Brunswick ..
8, 172
168, 218
1876
22
11, 012
354, 875
1877
12
6, 034
143, 780
1878
21
8,777
273, 845
1879
3
248
British Columbia
Prince Edward Island
1876
1
187
7, 100
5,000
1877
1
799
21, 573
1876
57
14, 283
596, 000
1877
36
8, 049
327, 200
1878
38
8, 073
317, 900
1879
30
Total
7, 665
247, 685
1876
160
64, 134
2, 189, 270
1877
110
46, 329
1, 576, 244
1878
93
35, 039
1, 218, 145
1879
72
19, 318
529, 829
III.—IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, AND OF MANUFACTURES THEREFROM, FROM
THE UNITED STATES INTO CANADA SINCE THE FORMATION OF THE DOMINION
GOVERNMENT.¹
1. LUMBER, SAWED OR PLANK, NOT BEING MAHOGANY, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT,
CHESTNUT, AND CHERRY, OR NOT IMPORTED FROM BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN
PROVINCES.
Quebec.
New Brunswick.
Nova Scotia.
Prince Edward
Island.
1868...
1869.
$27, 880
$104
16, 984
2,257
1870...
80
14, 931
1, 583
$27, 984
19, 321
1871.
41, 744
3, 254
1872.
$924
782
16, 514
53, 890
4,870
$4, 699
1873
1, 163
51, 403
4, 550
77, 851
5, 694
24, 385
1874
3, 208
$274
89, 132
43
65, 839
48, 804
315
130
1875
5, 216
135, 730
163
54, 550
$62
28, 403
53, 978
1876..
6, 705
3, 341
128, 914
1,930
104, 490
43, 433
5,767
5,703
1877
1, 034
140, 724
1, 049
15
45, 251
377, 573
51,858
1878.
5, 315
2, 142
166, 355
1, 371
-
29, 729
33
229, 940
48, 375
760
1879.
8, 645
2, 116
478, 678
43, 609
5, 591
45, 082
29, 714
15, 837
2, 728
302, 991
395
43, 209
2, 138
150, 330
NOTE. Besides the above, "Timber and Lumber" to the value of $3,524 were imported into Nova
Scotia in 1868, and to the value of $13 in 1870.
¹ From the official reports of Trade and Navigation of the Dominion of Canada.
2. LUMBER, OF MAHOGANY, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT, CHESTNUT, CHERRY, AND
PITCH PINE.
1868.
1869.
$11, 704
7,060
1870..
10, 515
1871.
6, 903
$2, C15
2, 814
19, 300
$7, 184
1872.
5, 369
$8, 256
9,809
11, 912
$11, 704
17, 931
30, 322
40, 456
1, 504
7,896
1873...
15, 386
43, 484
68, 212
125, 454
1874.
9, 123
$25
11, 359
65, 267
84, 226
222, 832
137
1875.
33, 421
214, 285
1, 097
82, 000
$1, 020
53, 663
33
1876.
97, 343
342, 629
23, 012
40, 037
22,027
1877.
36, 228
13
10, 778
256, 031
54, 494
25, 389
227
1878.
65, 515
109, 295
4,887
943
50, 295
70,475
$82
193
1870...
68, 226
60, 127
11, 005
152, 503
15
33, 661
35, 880
417
3, 854
205, 984
701
10, 736
191
147, 591
Manitoba.
British Columbia.
Total.

512
CANADIAN IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
Years.
III.—IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, &c.-Continued.
3. WOOD, UNMANUFACTURED.

Total.
1868.
$97,896
1869
$744
133, 622
2, 844
1870..
$183
5, 675
$98, 614
136, 857
1871..
47, 216
29, 331
6, 524
142. 324
298, 643
61, 054
1872.
37, 426
4, 694
219, 928
384, 521
22, 483
81, 956
1873.
9, 145
401, 817
625, 537
1, 745
1874.
57, 170
20, 215
498, 105
877, 691
1, 776
1875.
101, 162
34, 554
471, 109
21, 606
1876.
45, 454
18, 646
429, 539
$304
25, 707
39, 819
1877..
15, 743
562, 622
5, 896
20, 094
$2,720
1,887
1, 210
17, 253
707, 387
1, 017, 070
$282
558, 611
1878...
23, 677
150
13, 248
534, 107
586, 163
1, 409
6,795
42, 420
1879..
16, 547
14, 848
663, 354
509
350, 768
6, 623
8, 242
6, 606
16, 176
633, 093
3, 040
383, 213
4. BARK FOR TANNING.

1868..
1869...
$2,096
250
$220
1870.
1, 185
480
$1,528
109
1871.
10
38
1872.
572
1, 046
2, 359
$5
1873..
6
20
120
1874.
388
1875..
1876.
2, 334
95
1877.
396
·
•
1878
241
3
1879...
430
269
$208
190
5. FIRE-WOOD.
1868.
$14, 735
1869.
27, 340
3, 118
1870
19, 319
538
1871..
20, 053
1, 012
1872..
23, 938
1, 834
1873
22, 906
$625
3, 551
1874
11, 023
3, 467
1875
176
9, 378
5, 240
1876..
4, 461
4,086
1877
3, 098
4, 930
1878..
2, 808
1879.
1, 028
2,524
975
$26
6. CABINET WARE AND FURNITURE.
$2,096
1,998
1, 774
48
3,982
146
388
2,429
496
452
18
107
$14, 735
30, 458
19, 857
21, 065
$5
26, 402
26, 457
$490
2,217
15, 156
16. 885
977
9, 524
8, 465
16, 669
5,025
56
2, 624
10, 439
4,627

1868...
$5, 871
1869
$13, 279
$13, 262
14,748
6, 120
1870...
22, 031
13, 067
$19, 133
14, 244
6, 402
1871....
24, 366
20, 433
55, 966
20, 515
9, 082
1872..
36, 391
24, 002
65, 445
30, 526
14, 413
1873.
43, 288
$118
22, 921
90, 108
76, 631
49, 814
1874...
50, 464
1, 399
29, 138
$439
112, 080
119, 440
1875...
74, 433
60, 727
3, 697
10, 943
29, 756
220, 687
117, 926
1876.
78, 933
9, 521
49, 407
38,764
8,995
102, 097
$13,505
302, 872
46, 947
9, 576
1877...
41, 203
101, 609
28, 289
20, 606
4, 650
228, 717
53, 467
5, 674
1878..
55, 037
23, 100
79, 432
40, 088
251, 969
4,903
66, 366
9, 009
1879
163, 670
12, 490
39, 170
276, 8:2
94, 137
37, 339
7,927
48, 091
11, 325
18, 874
22, 657
387, 270
2,735
10, 148
22, 129
1237, 357
¹ Including $121 imported into Northwest Territories.
Years.
}
CANADIAN IMPORTATIONS: RECIPROCITY TREATY.
7.—MANUFACTURES OF WOOD NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
Total.¹
513

1868..
$10,856
1869...
$41, 642
$19, 063
1870.
$11,360
22,994
100, 314
31, 958
1871.
$13, 861
18, 084
$141, 498
53, 417
137, 070
1872.
48, 599
18, 942
13, 358
164, 217
172, 689
54, 756
1873.
22, 551
24, 503
217, 969
228, 666
76, 001
$4, 720
1874
27,488
$2,007
25, 939
281, 226
244, 203
89, 981
23, 490
1875.
35, 216
42, 282
14, 289
395, 873
235, 523
$5,969
69, 890
23, 302
1876.
25, 917
13, 958
40, 201
455, 011
217, 990
15, 433
42, 474
21, 469
17,949
1877..
18,766
31, 063
426, 442
217, 690
12, 149
62, 253
17, 685
19, 868
1878.
16, 518
35, 206
359,995
166, 136
7,644
1c79..
36, 785
21, 820
54, 996
16, 802
26, 216
370, 874
149, 386
5, 560
42, 513
16, 748
19, 030
12, 147
26, 145
319, 805
3, 501
19, 511
13, 738
3274, 719
Including $506 imported into Northwest Territories in 1876-77; $1,217 in 1877-'78; and $879 in
1878-79.
IV.-RECIPROCITY TREATY.
Under a treaty signed June 5, 1854, between the United States and
Great Britain, certain articles specified, including pitch, tar, turpentine,
ashes, timber, and lumber of all kinds, round, hewed, and sawed, un-
manufactured in whole or in part, firewood, and plants, shrubs, and
trees, were to be admitted free of duty between the United States and
the British North American Provinces. This treaty was to remain in
force ten years, and after that time, until twelve months after either of
the high contracting parties should notify the other of its wish to dis-
continue the same. This treaty took effect March 16, 1855. A joint
resolution of Congress, approved January 18, 1865, gave notice of a
wish to suspend its operation according to the terms of the treaty. Its
provisions therefore ceased to operate on the 16th of March, 1866.
From imperfect classification we are unable to present the returns of
importations from Canada under this treaty, except for the last four
years of the period embraced.
1. IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS INTO CANADA FROM THE UNITED STATES,
UNDER THE RECIPROCITY TREATY OF 1854.
[From Canadian Reports on Trade and Navigation.]

Ashes, pot
and pearl.
Bark.
Firewood.
Pitch and Tar.
Years ending June 30.

Value.
Quantity
(cords).
Value.
Quantity Value. Quantity
(cords).
(barrels).
Value.
1855..
$2, 939
1856
7, 197
608
1857
$3, 263
2,205
$30, 984
3,200
24, 717
18, 128
60, 462
1858
1,299
5, 504
$10, 457
7,859
31, 472
23, 369
64, 218
525
2, 353
1859
2, 117
24, 605
12, 826
47, 657
1860
600
2,308
2,570
21, 642
19, 803
40, 810
528
3, 345
1861
2, 130
8, 267
6, 204
8,472
21, 307
30, 042
38, 753
920
4,370
1862
3, 693
10,071
29, 052
24, 477
57, 012
1863.
1, 010
2, 930
4, 113
8, 639
24, 098
17, 549
47, 232
18641
1, 650
6, 670
3, 006
19, 384
13, 925
15,996
30, 599
18652
84
335
2, 863
11, 158
5, 871
17, 1943
11, 443
740
18662
540
12, 409
2, 182
1,328
2.702
11, 530
20, 390
2,000
8,790
7,999
16, 267
4,809
14, 128
1 Half year, to June 30.
2 Year ending June 30.
3 Potash only.
33 FOR
514
RECIPROCITY TREATY.
1855
1856
1857.
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
18641
18652
18662
1. IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS INTO CANADA, &c.-Continued.
[From Canadian Reports on Trade and Navigation].


Years ending June 30.
Resin and Rosin.
Spirits of Turpentine.
Shrubs.
Shade Trees, Plants and
Timber and Lumber of all
kinds, Round, Hewed, and
Sawed, unmanufactured,
in whole or in part.
Total value of all commodi-
ties imported into Canada
from the United States
under Reciprocity Teaty.
Value.
Value.
Value.
Value.
Value.
$5,458
$37, 807
20, 683
$108, 414
$28
63, 359
133, 687
14, 124
$7,725, 572
8,082, 820
51, 149
226, 880
15, 568
8, 642, 044
31
22, 647
115, 231
21, 271
5, 564, 615
24, 423
30, 867
97, 435
14
37, 254
64, 782
20, 520
59
63, 561
171. 232
30, 100
93, 665
91, 772
36, 376
64
93, 539
62, 241
23, 360
12, 339, 367
44
50, 182
47, 988
16, 366
7, 106, 116
7,069, 098
9, 980, 937
14, 430, 626
4,875, 630
65, 015
139, 654
39, 088
665
37, 935
137, 760
8, 751, 931
¹ Half year ending June 30.
2 Years ending June 30.
2. IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES, FREE OF
DUTIES, UNDER THE RECIPROCITY TREATY OF JUNE 25, 1854.
[From United States Annual Reports on Commerce and Navigation.]
Ashes.
Bark.
Firewood.
Years ending in-

Pounds.
Value. Cords.
Value. Cords. Value.
1855.
1856..
1857
1858..
1859.
1860.
1861..
1862.
4,086, 977
1863..
$276, 687
1,880
$4,710
7, 469, 540
85, 573
$169, 943
1864..
460, 026
6, 425
14, 752
97, 898
9, 149, 503
185, 710
1865
443, 344
11, 958,
31, 497
7,434, 001
143, 769
310, 385
18661
415, 398
14, 068
55, 362
174, 039
371, 963
526, 215
38, 339
277, 210
To March 17, 1866.
RECIPROCITY TREATY: CANADIAN LUMBER MANUFACTURE. 515
2. IMPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES, FREE OF
DUTIES, UNDER THE RECIPROCITY TREATY OF JUNE 25, 1854-Continued.
[From United States Annual Reports on Commerce and Navigation.]


Years ending in-
Tar.
Turpentine.
1855
1856
$7, 197, 337
1857
19, 407, 337
20, 280, 210
1858.
14, 752, 255
1859
1860
16, 384, 416
1861
20, 446, 586
1862
15, 856, 321
110,072
244
$723
2, 526, 658
17
$756
1863
17, 152, 552
134, 228
15
119
3, 018, 196
47
1864
2, 137
15, 795, 856
59, 675
112
356
4, 511, 419
7521
1865
57,991
61
498
18661
315, 024
40
4, 515, 626
5, 003, 040
49
1, 672
1,852
542
30, 569, 668
39, 582, 505
26. 912, 661
1 To March 17, 1866.
V. MANUFACTURE OF LUMBER IN CANADA, AS SHOWN BY CENSUS RETURNS.
1. NUMBER OF SAW-MILLS IN CANADA AT DIFFERENT PERIODS, AS SHOWN BY
CENSUS RETURNS.
Years.
Upper
Canada. Canada.
Lower
17192.
17202
19
1831
28
1832.
17212
30 1833..
17222
52 1834.
1826...
425
1835
1827..
471
565
1836
1828...
514
1837..
1829...
536
1830...
551
1838.
1839..
1840...
1841...
1842...
1844...
1848...
1851-'52
1860-'61
1870-'71
Years.
New France,
Years.
Upper
Lower
Canada. Canada.
595
727
670
724
789
843
902
933
994
930

Upper Canada (On- Lower Canada (Que-
tario).
bec).
Number.
984
968
Hands em-
ployed.
897
1, 584
1, 567
3, 670
1, 164
7,073
1,837
13, 851
Number.
Hands em-
ployed.
911
1, 065
810
1,708
4,991
11, 842
516
CANADIAN LUMBER MANUFACTURE.
2. CENSUS RETURNS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF FOREST PRODUCTS IN CANADA.
(a.) Census of 1851-52.

SAW-MILLS.
Number of mills..
Propelled by steam
Propelled by water
Returning produce:
By the year.
By the year..
By the day..
By the day.
.
By the number of logs
By the number of logs
Planks.
Annual produce or rent.
Value..
Capital invested, number returning.
Amount
Number of hands employed..
Giving no returns
Total number of mills.
Capital invested:
Number giving returns...
Amount
Raw material used:
Quantity
Value..
Number giving returns
Number giving returns
Motive power:
Steam
Water..
Hands employed:
Number giving returns
Number
Annual produce:
Number giving returns.
Number of feet
Value...
(b.) Census of 1860–’61.
BAW-MILLS.
Upper
Canada.
Lower
Canada.
1, 567
154
1,065
4
1, 413
1, 000
number..
1,034
150
.feet..391, 051, 820 | 381, 560, 950
.number..
feet..
.number..
81
296, 700
25
42, 200
14
17
7,780
1, 233, 000
number..
133
£.
23, 242
£..
1, 146
401, 033
49, 600
13, 357, 601
320
46, 819
723
327, 547
3,670
305
3, 634
451
Upper
Canada.
Lower
Canada.
1, 151
797
..dollars..
1,048
5, 180, 901
673
2,776, 248
739
460
2, 190, 545
2,662, 561
dollars..
1, 727, 380
1,481, 550
994
678
305
20
689
628
989
543
6, 308
4, 614
885
513
dollars.:
33,711, 350
3, 969, 464
318, 619, 795
3, 482, 871
SHINGLE-MILLS.
Total number...
41
44
Number reporting produce
Value of annual produce.
dollars..
33
77,925
5
37, 407
'By 94 mills; 8 mills reported $200 per day.
CANADIAN LUMBER MANUFACTURE, ETC.
517
2. CENSUS RETURNS OF MANUFACTURE OF FOREST PRODUCTS-Continued.
(c.) Census of 1807-'71.

SAW-MILLS.
Ontario.
Quebec.
New Bruns- Nova Sco-
wick.
tia.
Total.

Number of mills..
Hands employed:
Males over 16
Females over 16
Males under 16
1,837
13, 072
25
728
1,705
565
1, 144
5, 254
10, 774
6, 293
2, 710
32, 849
12
3
4
44
Females under 16
26
1,055
7
837
142
1
2
Yearly wages..
.dollars..
2,675, 390
1, 635, 677
1,400, 562
330, 417
2,702
36
6, 042, 046
Value of raw material.
do....
7, 108, 234
5, 168, 723
3,747,963
755, 167
16, 780, 087
Value of articles produced
..do...
12, 733, 741
9, 548, 810
6, 575, 759
1,397, 937
30, 256, 247
SHINGLE-MAKING.
Number of establishments
Hands employed:
Males over 16
Females over 16..
Males under 16.
414
396
345
199
1, 354
1, 107
558
521
291
19
19
2
402
83
40
31
2,477
40
556
Females under 16
13
14
27
Yearly wages … … ….
.dollars..
203, 335
32, 471
22,836
20, 707
279, 349
Value of raw material
Value of articles produced..
do....
...do.....
244, 178
33, 928
22, 577
21, 125
321, 808
602, 608
105, 599
69,488
54, 300
891, 995
3. FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA, CENSUS OF 1870-'71.
Products.
Ontario.
Quebec.
New Bruns- Nova Sco-
wick.
tia.
Total.
Cubic feet of square pine (white).
-
14, 791, 203
Cubic feet of square oak.
Cubic feet of square pine (red)
1, 524, 698
3, 144, 554
Cubic feet of tamarack
Cubic feet of birch and maple
8, 870, 060
347, 515
53, 635
330, 920
60, 139
238, 638
24, 236, 821
22, 020
1, 954, 372
7, 360
96, 494
3, 302, 043
Cubic feet of olm……..
Cubic feet of walnut (black)
Cubic feet of walnut (soft).
Cubic feet of hickory.
Cubic feet of all other timber
1,223, 444
92, 290
1, 777, 905
117, 589
72. 214
157, 975
3, 991, 878
360, 825
116, 816
5, 695, 963
500, 995
827, 345
518, 728
1, 939, 357
53, 299
1,250
200
28, 382
39, 612
Pine logs.
Other logs.
Masts, spars, &c
=
Staves
Lath-wood
Tanbark
Firewood
10, 594, 943
5,713, 204
1, 255, 090
10, 414, 710
5, 011, 532
3, 628, 720
M..
cords..
4,876
20, 964
15, 095
94, 822
2, 192, 608
1, 214, 485
3, 533, 152
11, 356
120
2, 265
240
3,088, 003
477, 187
1, 832, 654
117, 589
102, 981
197, 827
26, 290, 264
12, 416, 408
897, 595
9, 314, 557
1, 184
747
10, 631
11, 811
121, 685
34, 706
7, 148
2, 490
..do....
.do..
30, 854
91, 051
28, 228
924
12, 328
25, 057
4, 519, 320
162, 521
3, 121, 612
545, 679
526, 472
8,713, 083
4. MAPLE-SUGAR MADE IN CANADA AT DIFFERENT PERIODS, AS SHOWN BY CENSUS
RETURNS. (POUNDS.)

Provinces.
Upper Canada (Ontario).
Lower Canada (Quebec).
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia..
Total..
1842.
1850-'51.
1860-'61.
1870-'71.
3, 699, 859
2, 212, 580
6, 057, 532
350, 957
110, 441
6, 970, 611
9, 324, 147
230,006
249, 549
3, 699, 859
8, 731, 510 | 16, 774, 313
6, 247, 442
10, 497, 418
380,004
151, 190
17, 276, 054
518
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
VI. THE PUBLIC TIMBER LANDS OF CANADA: CROWN LANDS.
These lands belong to the Provincial Governments within which they
lie, with the exception of those in the Northwest Territories and the Prov-
ince of Manitoba, which belong to the Dominion Government. In Que-
bec and Ontario these lands are in charge of a Commissioner of Crown
Lands; in New Brunswick, of the Surveyor-General; in Nova Scotia,
of the Attorney-General; and in British Columbia, of the Chief Com-
missioner of Lands and Works.
A concise account of the system of management and regulation of
these lands, under the former Canadian Government, and as modified
by experience in later years, with a more detailed statement of the re-
cent and existing systems under the Dominion Government and the sev-
eral Provinces, may afford suggestion worthy of attention, in determin-
ing the future policy of the Government of the United States, in regard
to its public lands and the future timber supply.
It will be seen that hitherto almost no attention has been given in
Canada to the reproduction of timber upon lands from which it has
once been cut off; but all the laws and regulations that have been estab-
lished have reference only to the native forests of the country and to
the securing of a revenue from the existing supply. The reservation of
young timber, too small for profitable use, by the limitation of a size
below which it should not be cut, has received attention only in the Prov-
ince of Quebec, and only with respect to pine timber. Questions of con-
servation and restoration are, however, beginning to attract notice, as
will be seen in the following pages, and it is earnestly to be hoped that
a knowledge of the true interests of the country will lead to effectual
measures for this end, before vested rights have been established, to em-
barrass, and before the need of these measures has become urgent.
1. Former timber regulations in Canada.
The system of granting licenses to cut timber on the public lands in
Canada was introduced in 1825, and since that time the right of renewal
upon compliance with regulations has been practically acknowledged.
In 1845 an Order in Council was passed making the licenses annual, but
with the above understanding, and in the Order of 1849 the lessee was
permitted to transfer his limit by simple assignment. In 1851 a ground-
rent system was introduced.
The branch of Woods and Forests in the Department of Crown Lands
was organized under the former government of Canada, in 1852. A
system of local agencies were established, and reforms much needed
had begun to be introduced at the time when the Dominion Government
was inaugurated. Among the abuses of earlier times was the monopo-
lizing of immense tracts without using the privileges or paying an equiva-
lent for them. A ground-rent system was at last adopted, which made
reserved but unoccupied privileges unprofitable to hold, more especially
as the rate increased in geometrical proportion as a penalty for not using.
As lessons of experience in questions of timber management always
have value, it may be interesting to learn how this expedient, appar-
ently so easy to enforce, and so effectual to control the mischief, was
found to operate when put to the test of trial.
The Commissioner of Crown Lands of Canada, in his report for the
year 1856, in describing the workings of this rule, says:
It will be readily seen, however, that the operation of such a system would reach a
climax within a limited period; that although it could scarcely be said to be even a
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
519
check in any degree upon monopoly, in the first instance, the increase in the annual
rents on unoccupied tracts, after the first few years, became so sudden and great that
a crisis became inevitable.
This crisis arrived in the year before last (1855), the rents of unoccupied berths hav-
ing in many cases reached a figure the preceding year which if again doubled, with a
certainty of being quadrupled in 1856, would have rendered the ground untenable.
A general effort was therefore made by those interested to have the system sus-
pended or rescinded.
A new feature in the controversy arose on this occasion from the interference of a
great body of the Shipping Merchants of Quebec, who submitted a counter-petition
opposed to the views of those of the Producing Merchants, who desired to be relieved
from the accumulating ground rents.
The lumber trade being one of the principal resources of the country, the regula-
tions by which it is governed must always be of great moment and worthy of the
greatest consideration, and therefore I trust that the importance of the subject to the
country at large may be deemed sufficient to warrant a pretty extended reference to
the consideration bestowed upon it at the period of the crisis referred to, and which
has resulted in establishing a degree of permanency in the institutions connected with
it which was previously unknown.
As the lumber trade is ordinarily conducted in this country there are two distinct
branches of it, viz, that in which the producer is engaged and that which is carried on
by the shipper. There are some firms who are engaged in both branches of the trade,
but although mutually dependent, they are always distinct from and sometimes an-
tagonistic to each other. The principal feature in which they conflict is that it is the
interest of the producer that the prices should rule high as compared with the cost of
production, while it is the interest of the shipper that they should rule low in the
lumber markets of the country as compared with the prices in England.
This subject was very fully treated of in the evidence taken before the parliament-
ary committee in 1849, appointed to inquire into the causes of the ruinous state of the
trade which had existed for some years previous to that date (see Appendix P. P. P. P.
of that year), which it may not be considered inopportune to refer to as perhaps the
greatest crisis the trade has ever had to contend with since it grew to anything like
its present importance.
By the evidence obtained by the committee on that occasion, it will be seen that,
commencing with the year 1846, there was a supply in the Quebec market wholly dis-
proportionate to the demand, originally caused by an unwise forced production, and
aggravated in the succceding years by a diminished consumption arising from the
general depression in commercial affairs which occurred in 1847. The important fact
to be observed here is, that in 1846, a year in which the statistics of the trade prove that
all the elements of prosperity existed in the highest degree, the most wide-spread ruin
occurred among the producers. The business of 1845 was most profitable to the coun-
try and to individuals engaged in the trade, while the business of 1846 was ruinous to
individuals and a loss to the country. The demand and the shipments in 1845 ex-
ceeded those of previous years; the demand and the shipments in 1846 were equally
great, or even slightly in excess of those of the previous year. The reason of the
prosperous state of the trade in the one year and its ruinous state in the other is there-
fore to be found in the fact that in 1845 the supply was in just proportion to the de-
mand, while in 1846 a supply was forced upon the market out of all proportion even
to the great demand and shipments of that year; the result was, that in the one
year individuals realized a profit on their business and the country at large reaped a
pront on the total export, while in the other year individuals had, from over-supply,
to sell for much less timber which (from over-stimulated production, enhanced price
of labor, &c.) had cost more, and were therefore in many instances ruined, a loss be-
ing at the same time sustained by the country at large, which, in the total export of
the season, parted with so much capital at something like half its value.
The over-production of 1846 (which did not all reach market that year) continued to
depress the trade for several years, the supply of square timber resulting from it, in
Quebec market, having been as follows, viz: In 1845 there was a supply of 27,702,344
feet, to meet an export of 24,223,000 feet; but in 1846 a supply of 37,000,643, to meet
an export of 24,242,689 feet; and in 1847 a supply (including the overstock of previous
years) of 44,027,253 feet, to meet an export of 19,060,850 feet. Here then the dis-
tinctive interest of the different branches of the trade may be seen. The business of 1845,
which was so profitable to the producers and the country, having been of but doubt-
ful benefit to the shippers, who had to pay quite as high a price here as the prices in
England would justify; while the business of 1846, which was so ruinous to the pro-
ducers, who had to sell at less than the cost of production, was profitable to the ship-
pers who obtained the timber in Quebec at about half the price it had cost them the
previous year, while there was not a corresponding diminution of price in the English
markets, at least during that season, and those of them who had contracted realized
520
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
the full benefit of their contract prices on the diminished rates they had to pay in
Canada.
It is needless to discuss the continued depression of the succeeding years, in which
the general derangement of commercial affairs, which began in 1847, was the principal
cause; but there can be no doubt that, so far as the lumber trade was concerned, the
depression was aggravated by the enormous production of 1846, which continued to
hang upon the market for years after. But it is important to observe that the cause
of the over-production itself was shown by the Parliamentary inquiry referred to, to
have been in part indeed the natural stimulus arising from the successful operations
of the previous years, but in part, also, the unwise course, at that time pursued by
the Government, of forcing production, as will hereafter appear upon explanation of
the regulations.
It is to the advantage of the shipping interest that production should again be
forced; it is to the advantage of the producing interest that it should be limited. Ship-
pers and producers are aliko essential to the trade, and while it would be a mere waste
of the labor and capital of the Province for the Government to force production,
it may be safely assumed that the true course is to let the trade, as far as practicable,
regulate itself, without interfering on the one side or the other. But it so happens
that there must be some regulations to govern the cutting of timber on crown lands,
and it is an unavoidable incident of such regulations that they must exercise some in-
fluence upon the trade. The object the regulations should have in view, therefore,
in this particular, is to exercise that influence to the least extent possible at the same
time that they hold out equal facilities to all desirous of embarking in the trade, due
protection to all in the rights acquired and full security for investments of capital nec-
essary to be made, to render the resources of the timber territories available, but not
to lock them up in unproductiveness.
Such being the principles at stake and such the adverse interests involved both par-
ties memorialized the Government, each endeavoring to secure the preponderance of
their particular views.
The memorial in the shipping interest did not, however, correctly represent the
grounds upon which those who signed it really opposed the object sought for by the
producing interest. I would indeed be sorry to accuse gentlemen of their standing
and respectability of any intentional misstatements, but yet, from being ignorant of
that branch of the trade with which they were not connected and of the regulations
by which it was governed, they allowed themselves to be led into a train of argument
which raised entirely false issues, some erroneous information or misconception hav-
ing led to the result that every paragraph in their memorial conveyed either infer-
entially or directly somo statement that could not be sustained by facts.
They assumed in the first place that the ground rent was "a condition agreed to by
the license holders when they obtained the privilege of cutting, &c.," which was not
the fact as regards the great bulk of the trade, the timber berths having been ob-
tained without any such condition, and the ground rent being an additional impost
to which they have since been subjected. They next stated that "of late years the
bulk of the timber limits of the Crown have been monopolized by a few houses,"
whereas, there had been no change by which this could have been effected, the only
change introduced for several years having been the very one they were seeking to
maintain, establishing ground rents, &c., as the most efficient check upon monopoly
which had yet been found.
I may here remark that the assumption that a great monopoly of the timber territo-
ries existed was at best a chimera, as proved by the fact that there are upon an average
about nine hundred timber berths under license in the hands of about five hundred
persons. The assertion, therefore, there is monopoly where there are five hundred
competitors, each equally free to deal to a large or a small extent as he sees fit, or his
means will allow, needs no further contradiction.
There may indeed be some local monopolies, where persons of large means buy up
the lesser establishments in their vicinity; but anything approaching a general mon-
opoly in this trade, under existing regulations, is impossible; and, so far as any local
monopoly exists, it is not by the Government that it has been created or is sustained, but
by the influence of capital, the application of which for the purposes of trade the gov-
ernment cannot control. The greatest local monopoly that has yet arisen in the trade
was that which existed for a few years on the Saint Maurice, and there it arose from
the influence of capital at public competition, although the regulations on that occa-
sion were specially calculated to throw the trade of the territory into the greatest num-
ber of hands possible. Capital, however, bore down all opposition for the moment,
and it is due to the firmness with which the government resisted repeated, most ur-
gent, and most influential appeals to relax the regulations that that monopoly was ul-
timately broken up.
Indeed it may be truly said that the shipping branch of the trade, as carried on at
Quebec, bears much more the character of a monopoly than the producing branch,
the whole of the business arising from about five hundred competitors on public lands,
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
521
and perhaps an equally great number of producers on private lands, being, so far as
the business centers in Quebec, in the hands of about forty shippers, nine or ten of
whom do more than three-fourths of the whole business. But this, in like manner, so far
as it can be called a monopoly, is the result of capital, and is not influenced by govern-
ment, which can as little interfere to limit the operations of the producer to one timber
berth or a hundred timber berths as to limit the business of the shipper to one ship
or a hundred ships.
The memorialists also stated that the monopoly of which they complained was "to
the almost total exclusion of those whose means or influence was not so great as to obtain
limits." There was here a remarkable instance of men of high position descending to
meddle with other people's affairs, and being thereby led to commit themselves to vulgar
errors on matters of which they were themselves wholly ignorant. It will be seen
that in the above they asserted two distinct grievances as the causes of the monopoly
they complained of; first, that those without a certain amount of means could not
obtain "limits" or timber berths; and, second, that (failing means) they might be
obtained by influence. The first must indeed be admitted. Men of means will ac-
quire timber berths, as well as houses and lands and ships, to the "exclusion of those
whose means are not so great as to obtain them;" it is an old grievance for which
governments have not yet found a remedy.
And even if, at the suggestion of these memorialists (who, by the way, were not of
the class who usually advocate such a doctrine), the Government had taken, or should
yet take, some undefined way of throwing the timber berths into the hands of those
who have not means to obtain them in a legitimate manner, those who possess means
would (provided the tenure justified the investment) immediately buy them out, and
then there would be the same cry for a repetition of the operation.
With repect to the second grievance, it is sufficient to say that it is not to be found
in the law or the regulations affecting the trade; and as it could only exist in viola-
tion of both, the memorialists should have established the fact before they claimed
the credit for it as such, whereas they did not attempt to substantiate even one case
of such violation.
They suggested, in conclusion, that if the license holders were unable or unwilling
to pay, &c., their timber berths should be thrown open to competition, and they, the
meinorialists, believed that, notwithstanding the depressed state of the trade at that
time, they would be readily taken by others without loss to the revenue.
It is difficult to write seriously on such a proposition; there can be no doubt that
if the opportunity had occurred and had been taken advantage of to submit to public
competition, privileges which have already been in many cases dearly bought, and in
the development of which on the whole hundreds of thousands of pounds of private
means have been expended (as shown by returns laid before Parliament in 1852), they
would readily be taken without loss to the revenue, but it was an issue not more rea-
sonable nor likely than that the ships of the memorialists would have been made
available to the revenue if they had asked for a change in the navigation laws.
Such was the false position assumed by the shipping interest at the period referred
to, but the erroneous grounds upon which they opposed the prayer of the producing
merchants of course made no argument either for or against the latter, which had to
be dealt with upon its own merits.
The memorial of the producing merchants was signed by some of the shipping mer-
chants also, who are connected with or interested in the business of the producers, and
there appeared to be two or three firms, not known to the department to be connected
with the producing interest, who signed, it is presumed, in a liberal view of what they
conceived to be for the good of the country and the trade at large; some merchants
and others of Ottawa had also joined in it, who are not personally engaged in the
trade, but whose interests are bound up with those of the producers.
The object of the memorialists, as expressed, was to obtain a cessation for three years,
or until the then existing depression had passed away, of the penalty imposed for non-
occupation of timber berths. Although the object sought was professedly of a tem-
porary nature, however, it would no doubt have been made a precedent for seeking
government interference in every fluctuation of the trade thereafter. It would have
been the first precedent that could be quoted since the adoption of the new system,
and therefore I shall state the reasons that induced its rejection, as I conceive that
upon the integrity of the system being maintained in the future depends much of the
prosperity of the trade.
It is to be observed that when the great depression occurred in the trade, which
began in 1846, and from which it was about four years before it could be said to have
recovered, the ground-rent system was not in force. The license holders were at that
time subject only to the payment of the amount of duty accrued on the quantities cut;
they were then as now obliged to occupy every year, but under pain of forfeiture of
the right to renewal of license instead of the penalty of an increased payment. It was
complained of this system that it favored monopoly, inasmuch as a berth could only
be proved unoccupied at a very heavy expense, and then it was still subject to be re-
522
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
purchased by the former holder. The standard of occupation (that it is the quantity
required to be cut to constitute occupation) was in 1845-'46 made too high, thereby
having a tendency to force production. In obedience to the cry of monopoly, then
prevalent, notice was also given by the department, about the same time-there being
then no statute upon the subject that all the larger timber berths would be sub-
divided in three years; this also, although never actually effected, had a tendency to
force production, as license holders were naturally desirous of making the most of their
berths by cutting off all the best timber in the interim.
Parties differed on opinion as to the exact amount of influence these rules exercised
upon the over production, but it was generally admitted that they exercised some in-
fluence in that way.
At all events the result of the ruinous state of the trade was that
the government did afford relief in these particulars, the notice of subdivision was
withdrawn, the standard of occupation was reduced, and finally the parties were
allowed from year to year up to 1850 to hold their tiniber berths without any condi-
tion of occupation at all, and without any payment where they did not choose to
occupy.
The action of the Government on the trade, during the periods of great prosperity
and succeeding depression referred to, was thus in opposite extremes. It therefore
became expedient that a better permanent system of regulations should be framed for
the government of the trade, and the regulations of which the ground-rent system is
a part were finally the result.
By this system an annual ground rent was imposed on timber berths, in excess of
the duty, as a regular permanent charge. And as a check upon monopoly it was pro-
vided, by way of penalty, that the ground rent should double upon each renewal of
license on berths which had not been occupied during the preceding season, and con-
tinue doubling every year, so long as the berths continued unoccupied. Thus the
rent paid for the largest size of berth the regulations permit-in excess of all other
charges-is £6 58., the same being payable annually. But upon non-occupation for
one season the rent rises to £12 10s.-upon non-occupation for a second season to £25—
for a third season to £50-and so on (as the system was first introduced) without limit,
but reverting to the original rate of £6 5s. whenever occupation recommenced.
For the first few years after the introduction of this system it could not force pro-
duction to any very sensible extent; but the constant increase, in geometrical pro-
gression, at last comes to a point when the increase is so great and sudden that those
who held any timber berths in reserve had either to occupy or relinquish them. Unfor-
tunately as regards the great bulk of the license holders, the operation of the system
had just reached the point (when they had either to produce more timber or relinquish
that which they had already paid a series of rents for, and, in some instances, other-
wise laid out money upon, without return) at a moment when the trade was in a state
of considerable depression, and required a decreased instead of an increased production.
This state of depression, too, arose from causes wholly foreign to the internal manage-
ment of the trade; for it differed from the previous great crisis in the trade (that of
1846-47, &c.) in this, that it arose less from an excessive production than from a sud-
den cessation of demand-the result probably of the war then raging. It differed also
in degree, bearing only the character of a temporary embarrassment as compared with
the widespread ruin which fell upon the trade on the former occasion. It was none
the less necessary, however, to apply a remedy, if practicable, in time, and it was in
this view that the producers sought to be temporarily authorized to suspend produc-
tions where the ordinary tendency of the regulations was to enforce it.
It was not therefore, as put by the opponents of the producing interest, a question
of the holders of timber berths fulfilling or failing in their obligations; and even if it
had been so, the maintenance of the penalty in its full force would not, at least for
some time, have compelled any considerable relinquishment of licenses. On the con-
trary, the parties would have continued to hold them, and endeavored, by extendent
operations, to reduce to their original amounts the ground rents on such berths as the
penalty had most accumulated upon, thus risking the consequences of increased pro-
duction rather than abandon their licenses.
The real question at issue, therefore, simply was, whether the penalty for non-occu-
pation had been made too severe or not.
But there was also the question of whether the exceptional circumstances then ex-
isting, arising out of the war or otherwise, were such as would justify the temporary
suspension of the penalty.
On the first head, as regards the penalty for non-occupation generally, it is to be
observed that, if any regulation were to succeed in compelling the occupation of all
the lands licensed, it would force a production far beyond the requirements of the
trade; no regulation could permanently have this effect, however, as the result of an
excessive penalty would be to cause the relinquishment of a portion of the territory
now under license, which (apart from the question of whether it would not afford, in
every period of excitement, too great a facility for a rush into the trade) would leave
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
523
a portion of the timber lands wholly unproductive, either in ground rents or duties,
which now afford a very considerable revenue.
The system of regulations for the granting of licenses to cut timber began by a
course of trial and error, and has gradually been perfected by experience.
The ground-rent system was a trial; it has proved a most happy and successful one,
which has given general public satisfaction to the trade, but it would be too much to
pretend that, in the first trial, there had been no error, that it had been perfected at
once without any experience of it practically.
In the introduction of the system the then remote contingency was not provided
for, that if no limit was set to the ultimate amount the ground rent might reach, great
hardships might in some cases be the result; such, for instance, as might arise in case
of several timber berths being taken up in a previously inaccessible locality, assuming
in such a case that the license holders (joining together for that purpose) proceed to
improve the stream (as is frequently done to the extent of many thousand pounds),
lay out all the means they can command in the operation, and before the rents have
reached an excessive amount are enabled to occupy the lower berths; but some press-
ure then comes, they cannot push their improvements immediately to the upper berths,
and the ground rents arrive at a point where they compel relinquishment, while they
could not compete for the repurchase on equal terms with any new purchaser who
would have the advantage of their outlay.
It has been suggested that a remedy for this might be found by admitting improve-
ments in lieu of occupation, which would be just in principle but practically extremely
difficult of application.
The cases urged upon the department from every part of the country would be nu-
merous, the evidence to be adjudicated upon would be entirely ex parte, the exact nature
of the improvements to be admitted would always be a matter of dispute, and, how-
ever honestly administered, the system would give rise to constant accusations of par-
tiality and favor.
to
Upon a full consideration, therefore, of all the circumstances it appeared that the
difficulty might be met by a general rule calculated to perfect and give permanency
the system as a whole instead of impairing it.
A rule was accordingly adopted which consists in limiting the extreme amount of
ground rent on any berth to a sum equal to what the berth would produce in duty if
duly occupied, the rent remaining at that rate per annum till occupation commences;
reverting then, of course, to the original rate as before. This, while it entails a heavy
payment on those who reserve berths for future use, as much in fact as they would
have to pay for the timber if they cut it, affords no public ground for complaint, for
the public get the price of the tim er annually while the timber itself remains, with
the public interest in it, for future revenue, unimpaired; at the same time it prevents
the system from becoming oppressive and, therefore, inoperative, as all oppressive
laws ultimately become.
On the other head, with regard to the temporary suspension of the system, the same
issue as was then involved is now at stake and must continue to be so. It must be
remarked, as a general rule, that any departure, for partial, local, or temporary causes,
from the fixed laws affecting the trade is bad in principle, and calculated in every
case to produce a bad effect. If, when a depression has arisen from over production,
or other causes, which the trade has brought upon itself, the government should once
step in to affect the market or the supply, directly or indirectly, the same interference
would be looked forward to again, and induce an over speculative spirit in time of
prosperity, sure to end in a similar result. If the Government were at any time to
relax the conditions it has seen fit to impose upon the holders of unoccupied timber
berths without some other cause than the ordinary fluctuations of the trade, public
confidence would be shaken either in the efficacy of the system itself or in the admin-
istration of it. Nothing but the strongest necessity, arising from causes foreign to the
trade itself, could at any time justify an exception to this as a general rule, and the
only question on this point worthy of consideration at that time was, whether the
effects of the then state of war were such as to justify its being made an exceptional
case.
In considering this question it became necessary to take a retrospective view of the
trade for some years, from which it appeared that there had not been any very excess.
ive supply in the Quebec market as compared with the export. The supply was indeed
somewhat excessive in 1852, and the stock of square timber on hand at the close of
that year (18,151,750 feet) was also excessive, but the producers-profiting from the
sad experience of 1846 and the embarrassments of succeeding years having cautiously
limited their operations, the supply was much less in 1853, and the stock on hand
(12,632,929 feet) at the close of the season greatly reduced. But from the great demand
these were years of great prosperity to the producing interest, and consequently an
impetus was given to the supply produced in 1854, which was very great; but the
export was also greatly increased and the stock in hand at the close of the season
524
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
(13,465,602 fect) though large, yet with the more limited production for 1855, was
not at all such as seriously to embarrass the trade had the usual demand existed.
From whatever cause, however, the demand had greatly diminished, for at the time
the subject was most strongly pressed upon the government, say 2d July, 1855, the
tonnage arrived in Quebec, from sea, was 121,778 tons against 240,021 tons to the same
period of the previous year; and at the close of the year 346,449 tons against 580,323
tons the previous year; and in like manner, the quantity of square timber exported
in 1855, was 15,389,774 feet against 25,346,800 feet in 1854. There is a defect in the
present law which prevents the statistics being got so correctly in respect of deals.
There is also a large quantity of timber usually absorbed in ship-building and exported
in that shape, in which there had also been a falling off. The result of a full investi-
gation of the subject, however, was to show that the trade was on the whole in a
healthy condition, and that the depression at that period was only temporary, for al-
though there had been no excessive production for some years previous, as compared
with the export, the export itself had been great, having been gradually increasing
till it produced a temporary glut, not in the Quebec market but in the English mar-
kets, which had precisely the same effect, and which was in some degree aggravated
no doubt by a diminished consumption resulting from the war and the tightness of
money matters consequent thereon.
The prayer of the memorialists, therefore, to be authorized to suspend their opera-
tions for three years without incurring the penalty of increased rent, as provided by
the regulations for non-occupation, was refused, for even if such an extrenie case could
arise, there did not then appear to be any cause operating to produce such permanent
embarrassment as would have warranted the government in interfering with the in-
tegrity of a system which had, so far, been found to give stability to the trade and
satisfaction to the public.
The result has justified the course pursued; the export in 1856 having been nearly
up to the average, or 3,919,378 feet (equal to forty-six million inch board measure) in
excess of the previous year. The season was in fact, upon the whole, a very fair one,
both for the producer and the shipper, and this without any such extreme measure on
the one side or the other as the government had been asked the year before, to adopt
for the safety of the trade.
The only change adopted was one which had not an immediate effect; it consisted,
as already stated, in making the ground rent on unoccupied berths cease to increase
when it had reached the extreme amount which ground rent and the dues accruing
on timber cut would both amount to upon a berth which was occupied. The public
could scarcely ask more, as a protection against monopolizing timber berths, than that
the parties who do so should be made to pay for the timber when they don't cut it
the same as when they do cut and carry it to market.
In former years more stringent laws were made against holding timber berths un-
occupied, but the result was, as has already been seen, that when the crisis came the
government always gave way, thus proving that extreme measures are always the
least effective, while they lead in matters of trade to uncertainty and fluctuation. I
have entered thus at length into the circumstances attending the appeal of the op-
posing interests to the government in 1855, because there was then undoubtedly serious
apprehensions entertained by many that a time of great embarrassment and difficulty
was at hand; while a crisis had actually arrived in regard to testing the efficacy of
the by-laws by which the trade is governed, so far as it is as a whole affected by the
operations on public lands; and because, therefore, the action then taken has so far
solved a difficult problem and is likely to exercise a permanent influence on the trade.
As modified by experience, the management of the timber interests
upon the public lands in the later years of the former Canadian Gov-
ernment was in charge of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, who
was authorized to grant licenses for cutting timber upon ungranted
lands at such rates, and subject to such regulations as might be
established from time to time by the Governor in Council, and of
which notice was given in the Canada Gazette. These licenses were
granted for a period not exceeding twelve months, and obliged the les-
sees to make returns at the expiration of the lease, showing the number
and kinds of trees cut, and the quantity and description of saw-logs, or
of the number and description of sticks of square timber manufactured
and carried away under such license, which statement must be verified
by affidavit before a justice of the peace. The Crown dues were a claim
upon the timber or any part thereof, wherever found, and whether in
TIMBER ON THE CROWN LANDS OF CANADA.
525
་
the original logs or made into deals, boards, or other stuff, and which
might be seized and detained wherever found until the dues were paid.
Persons cutting, or causing to be cut, any timber on any of the Crown,
clergy, school, or other public lands, or removing, or inducing, or assist-
ing in the removal of timber thus cut without authority, acquired no
right or claim for cutting or preparing for market, but the whole be-
came forfeited, and if the timber or saw-logs had been removed out of
the reach of the officers of the Crown Lands Department, or if it was
found otherwise impossible to seize the same, the person was liable in
addition to the loss of his labor and disbursements, to a forfeiture of $3
for every tree (rafting stuff excepted) that might be proved to have been
cut, to be recovered with costs of suit, in the name of the Commissioner
of Crown Lands or resident agent in any court having jurisdiction in civil
matters to the amount of the penalty. In all such cases it was incum-
bent on the party charged to prove his authority to cut, and the aver
ment of the party seizing or prosecuting that he was duly employed
under the timber act was to be received as sufficient proof thereof,
unless the defendant proved to the contrary.
Seizures might be made upon information supported by affidavit. If
the timber illegally cut had been mixed with other timber, the whole
might be detained until satisfactorily separated by the holder. Resist-
ance to an officer or authorized agent, by assault, force, or violence, or by
threats of such, was made a felony, and the carrying away of timber
under seizure, whether openly or secretly, and whether with or without
force or violence, was deemed stealing and rendered the person liable
to punishment for felony. Whenever any timber was seized for the
non-payment of Crown dues, the burden of proof of payment, or as to
the land on which it was cut, was to rest on the claimant of such tim-
ber, and not on the officer making the seizure or the party bringing the
prosecution.
Timber seized was to be deemed to be condemned at the end of thirty
days and publication of notice, unless the person claiming sooner notified
the nearest officer or agent of the Crown Land Office that he intended to
prove his claim.
Any judge of competent jurisdiction might order the release of timber
under seizure upon receiving from the alleged owner a bond with two
good and sufficient sureties, first approved by the agent, for double the
value of the timber in case of condemnation, such bond being taken
in the name of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, and to be delivered
and kept by him until the claim was released or paid. Every person
availing himself of any false statement or oath to evade the payment of
Crown dues forfeited the timber on which dues were attempted to be
evaded.
The malicious cutting or loosening of a boom, or the cutting loose or
breaking up of a raft or crib, was made punishable by fine and im-
prisonment of not less than six months.
Such in brief was the system formerly in force. That it did not in-
sure the forests upon the Crown Lands from pillage and waste by lum-
bermen is sufficiently proved by the following statement made by the
Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Province of Ontario, in 18.7, in de-
scribing the system of supervision then in use and the abuses that had
been formerly practiced.
Previous to confederation, the guardianship of the forests as regards surveillance
over the cutting of timber under license or in trespass on lands of the Crown was so
ineffective or attended to with such laxity as to be in fact no guardianship at all, and
pillage to a large extent was carried on almost with impunity; the seat of govern-
526 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: DOMINION LANDS.
ment was peripatetic,' and agents of the Crown Land Department for the collection
of timber ducs were located at certain points where returns were brought to them of
such operations as parties chose to make, on which dues were paid, and the amount
received with statement of timber, &c., on which it was paid transmitted monthly to
the Department without any actual knowledge of or check on the extent of cutting;
these returns and moneys were received at headquarters without comment or inquiry,
and the one debited to the agent and the other placed to his credit.
2. Amounts Accrued and Collected for Timber Dues, Ground Rents, and Bonuses in Upper
and Lower Canada, during the years preceding the formation of the Dominion Govern-
ment.
Accruals.
Collections.


Years.
Upper Can-
ada.
Lower Can-
ada.
Total.
Upper Can-
ada.
Lower Can-
ada.
Total.
1857..
$135, 310 64
1858.
1859
111, 739 62
$120,797 96
111, 031 53
140, 409 96
142, 071 97
$256, 108 60
222, 821 15
282,481 93
1860.
176, 460 39
168, 973 36
345, 433 75
1861...
156, 253 57
154, 101 38
310, 354 95
1862..
143,357 59
136, 830 79
280, 188 38
1863.
170, 160 12
157, 484 72
327, 644 84
$94, 921 15
141, 185 90
136, 189 33
149, 921 22
127,995 88
159, 330 86
197,093 73
$114, 023 53
134, 476 00
145,745 59
168, 330 38
127,849 10
144, 321 31
$208, 944 68
275, 661 90
281, 934 92
318,252 60
255,844 98
303, 652 17
1864...
189, 562 80
386, 656 53
188, 171 74
155, 793 97
343, 965 71
121,367 79
121, 718 52
1865.
243, 086 71
146, 079 67
151, 034 24
297, 113 91
183, 380 75
1866.
160,035 23
203, 040 46
166, 036 54
343, 415 98
369, 077 00
197, 965 85
138, 678 05
336, 643 89
Total 10 years.
1,570, 983 76 | 1, 464, 206 46 3,035, 190 22 | 1, 509, 352 46 1, 444, 740 50
2,954, 092 96
3. Receipts from Bonuses and Ground Rents alone, during the Union of the Provinces of
Canada, so far as these have been published.

1856-'57
1857-'58
-
1858-'59
1859-'60
1860-'61
1861-'02
Fiscal years.
Amount.
$244, 112 90
203, 263 59
1862-'63
276, 741 16
316, 983 35
290, 933 04
283, 383 31
1863-'64.
1864-'65
1865-'66
1866-'67
·
Fiscal years.
Amount.
$309, 252 15
325, 294 51
324, 535 61
300, 486 18
369,800 53
4. Recent and existing Timber Regulations in Canada.
(a) DOMINION LANDS.-These lands, in Manitoba and the Northwest
Territories, are in charge of the Department of State and a division
thereof styled "The Dominion Land Office." The act under which they
are administered was assented to April 14, 1872. The surveys are con-
ducted by the Surveyor-General and his deputies, and there are various
agents concerned in the duties incident to this interest.
The system of surveys is by townships six miles square, subdivided
into sections of one mile square each, unless this arrangement is modified
by the divergance of meridians, irregularities in previous surveys, or
other causes. There is an allowance of one chain and fifty links between
all townships and sections for roads. The townships are numbered
northward from the international boundary, or the 49° north latitude,
and in Manitoba, east and west from a principal meridian, ran in 1869,
that strikes this line of latitude about ten miles west of Pembina. The
sections are numbered from 1 to 36 in each township, beginning at the
¹ For some years before the union of 1867 the seat of government of Canada alter-
nated between Toronto and Quebec. It had previously been located at Montreal, and
at a still earlier period at Kingston.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: DOMINION LANDS. 527
southeast corner and running 'alternately from east to west and from
west to east, so that the last number shall be in the northeast corner.
In this the order of numbering is just the reverse of that employed on
the surveys of public lands in the United States. Sections 11 and 29
in each township are reserved for education.
The sections are divided into 16 squares of 40 acres each, numbered
in the same way as the sections in townships, beginning at the southeast
corner. The lines running north and south are designed to be true me-
ridians, and those running east and west are chords intersecting circles
of latitude passing through the angles of the townships.
The terms and conditions of the deed of surrender from the Hudson
Bay Company stipulated a reservation of one-twentieth part of the por-
tion described as the "Fertile Belt," which rendered it necessary to
modify the general plan, and in the prairie region, where there are
islands or belts of timber, a special mode of subdivision was provided,
with the view of affording benefit to the greatest possible number of
settlers, and for the prevention of petty monopolies. In these cases the
woodlands are surveyed into lots of not less than ten nor more than
twenty acres each, so as to afford one wood-lot to every quarter-section
of prairie farm in each township. This, however, is not allowed to in
terfere with the sections set apart for schools, nor to those set apart and
vested in the Hudson Bay Company. Each wood-lot is required to front
on a section road-allowance. In case an island or belt of timber come
entirely within a quarter-section, or in several quarter-sections, so that
not more than twenty-five acres shall be included in each, it is not to be
separately surveyed into wood-lots. These wood-lots are conveyed as
homestead grants the same as other lands, but the grantee is not allowed
to sell any of the timber on his lot to any saw-mill owners, or to any
other than settlers for their own private use, under penalty of prosecu-
tion, as for trespass. Upon conviction they inay be fined or imprisoned,
or both, and they further forfeit their claims absolutely.
Any tract of land covered by forest timber may be set apart as timber
lands, and reserved from sale and settlement; and except as it may be
thought expedient by the Secretary of State to divide a township into
two or more timber limits, the several townships composing any such
tract shall each form a limit. The word "timber" is used to designate
all lumber, and all products of timber, including firewood and bark.
Leases for cutting timber may be granted for twenty-one years, and
upon the following conditions:
1. The lessee to erect a saw-mill or mills in connection with such limit and lease, and
subject to any special conditions which may be agreed upon and stated in the lease, such
mill or mills to be of capacity to cut at the rate of a thousand feet, board measure, in
twenty-four hours, for every two and a half square miles of limits in the lease, or shall
establish such other manufactory of wood goods as may be agreed upon as the equiva-
lent of such mill or mills, and the lessee to work the limit in the manner and to the
extent provided in the lease within two years from the date thereof, and during cach
succeeding year of the term.
2. To take from every tree he cuts down all the timber fit for use, and manufacture
the same into sawn lumber, or some other such saleable product as may be provided in
the lease, or by any regulatious made under this act.
3. To prevent all unnecessary destruction of growing timber on the part of his men,
and to exercise strict and constant supervision to prevent the origin or spread of fires.
4. To make returns to the government monthly, or at such other periods as may be
required by the Secretary of State, or by regulations under this act, sworn to by him
or by his agent or employé cognizant of the facts, declaring the quantities sold or dis-
posed of as aforesaid, of all sawn lumber, timber, railway-car stuff, ship timbers and
knees, shingles, lath, cord wood or bark, or any other product of timber from the
limit, in whatever form the same may be sold or otherwise disposed of by him during
such month or other period, and the price or value thereof.
528
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: DOMINION LANDS.
5. To pay in addition to the bonus an annual ground rent of $2 per square mile, and
further a royalty of 5 per cent. on his monthly account.
6. To keep correct books, of such kind and in such form, as may be provided by his
lease, or by the regulation under this act, and to submit the same for the inspection of
the collector of dues whenever required, for the purpose of verifying his returns afore-
said.
7. The lease shall describe the lands upon which the timber may be cut, and shall
vest in the lessce during its continuance the right to take and keep exclusive posses-
sion of the lands so described, subject to the conditions hereinbefore provided or referred
to, and such lease shall vest in the holder thereof all right of property whatsoever
in all trees, timber, lumber, and other products of timber cut within the limits of the
lease during the continuance thereof, whether such trees, timber, and lumber or pro-
ducts be cut by authority of the holder of such lease or by any other person, with or
without his consent; and such lease shall entitle the lessed to scize in replevin, reven-
dication, or otherwise, as his property, such timber where the same is found in the pos-
session of any unauthorized person, and also to bring any action or suit at law or in
equity against any party unlawfully in possession of any such timber, or of any land
so leased, and to prosecute all trespasses thereon, and such other offenders as afore-
said, to conviction and punishment, and to recover damages, if any; and all proceed-
ings pending at the expiration of any such lease may be continued and completed as
if the lease had not expired.
8. Such lease shall be subject to forfeiture for infraction of any one of the condi-
tions to which it is subject, or for any fraudulent return; and in such case the secre-
tary of state shall have the right, without any suit or other proceeding at law or in
equity, or compensation to the lessee, to cancel the same and to make a new lease or
disposition of the limit described therein to any other party at any time during the
term of the lease so canceled: Provided, That the Secretary of State, if he sees fit, may
refrain from forfeiting such lease for non-payment of dues, and may enforce payment
of such dues in the manner hereinafter provided.
9. The lessee who faithfully carries out the above conditions shall have the refusal
of the same limits, if not required for settlement, for a further term not exceeding
twenty-one years, on payment of the same amount of bonus per square mile as was
paid originally, and on such lessee agreeing to such conditions, and to pay such other
rates as may be determined on for such second term.
It was further provided that any ground rent, royalty, or other dues
to the Crown not paid when falling due should bear interest at 6 per
cent. until paid, and be a lien on any timber cut within the limits. After
three months' neglect the Crown Timber Agent might seize so much of the
timber cut as would be necessary to pay the claim and expenses, and
sell the same at public auction, paying over to the lessee or owner of the
timber any balance left after paying claims and costs.
In case the payment of the Crown dues were evaded by removal of the
timber or products out of Canada, or otherwise, the amount due might
be charged upon any other timber cut on Dominion lands by the same
lessee, or by his authority, or the claim might be recovered by action at
law, in the name of the Secretary of State, or his resident agent, in any
court having jurisdiction in civil cases to the amount claimed.
The Secretary of State was empowered to take bonds or promissory
notes for any money due to the Crown, interest and costs, or for double
the amount of all dues, fines and penalties, and costs, incurred or to be
incurred, and he might then release any timber upon which the same
would be leviable, whether under seizure or not; but the taking of such
bonds was not to affect the lien and right of the Crown to enforce pay-
ment of such money on any other timber cut on the same limit, if the
sums for which such bonds or notes were given should not be paid
when due.
The penalties imposed for cutting timber without authority were for-
feiture of the timber cut and a fine not exceeding $3 for every tree cut
or carried away, with costs. In such cases the burden of proof of au-
thority to cut and take the timber was to be upon the party charged,
and the averment of the party seizing or prosecuting that he is duly
employed under this act was to be sufficient proof thereof, unless the
defendant proved to the contrary.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 529
Upon information supported by affidavit that timber had been cut
without authority on Dominion lands, and describing where the same can
be found, or upon information to a Crown officer or agent as to such cut-
ting without authority, the officer or agent was authorized to seize the
timber and place under custody until a decision could be had by compe-
tent authority.
If timber, cut without authority, has been made up with other timber
into a crib, dam, or raft, or in any other manner mixed up with other
timber so that it cannot be identified, the whole of the timber so mixed
is to be liable to seizure and forfeiture until satisfactorily separated by
the holder. Timber held under seizure may be released upon sufficient
security for the payment of its full value, or of double the amount of all
dues, fines, penalties, and costs incurred or imposed thereon.
The penalties for resisting seizure or removing timber after it was
seized were prescribed, and proceedings therein specified. No sale or
grant of Dominion lands was to give any title to any slide, dam, pier, or
boom previously erected upon it, unless expressly mentioned in letters
patent or other instrument establishing such sale or grant. The free
use of such works was not to be interrupted, and the right of passing and
repassing ou either side, whenever necessary for use and at portages,
was reserved.
The Dominion Lands Act makes provision for military bounties, home-
stead entries, leases for grazing and hay-cutting, mining, &c., and for
direct sales of land.
(b.) CROWN LANDS OF ONTARIO.-The timber act now in force was
passed in 1860, and is found as Chapter 26 of the Consolidated Statutes
of Canada. It is as follows:
[1.] AN ACT respecting the sale and management of Timber on Public Lands.
Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the
Province of Ontario, enacts as follows:
1. The Commissioner of Crown Lands, or any officer or agent under him authorized
to that effect, may grant licenses to cut timber on the ungranted lands of the Crown,
at such rates, and subject to such conditions, regulations, and restrictions as may from
time to time be established by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, and of which no-
tice may be given in the Ontario Gazette.
2. No license shall be so granted for a longer period than twelve months from the
date thereof; and if, in consequence of any incorrectness of survey, or other error, or
cause whatsoever, a license is found to comprise lands included in a license of a prior
date, the license last granted shall be void in so far as it interferes with the one pre-
viously issued, and the holder or proprietor of the license so rendered void shall have
no claim upon the Government for indemnity or compensation by reason of such avoid-
ance. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 1.)
2. The said licenses shall describe the lands upon which the timber may be cut, and
shall confer for the time being on the nominee the right to take and keep exclusive
possession of the lands so described, subject to such regulations and restrictions as
may be established. And such licenses shall vest in the holders thereof all rights of
property whatsoever in all trees, timber, and lumber cut within the limits of the li-
cense during the term thereof, whether such trees, timber, and lumber are cut by au-
thority of the holder of such license, or by any other person, with or without his
consent; and such licenses shall entitle the holders thereof to seize in revendication,
or otherwise, such trees, timber, or lumber where the same are found in the posses-
sion of any unauthorized person, and also to institute any action or suit at Law or
Equity against any wrongful possessor or trespasser, and to prosecute all trespassers
and other offenders to punishment, and to recover damages if any; and all proceed-
ings pending at the expiration of any such license may be continued to final deter-
mination as if the license had not expired. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 2.)
3. Every Government road allowance included in any Crown timber license, hereto-
fore granted, or which may hereafter be granted under section one of this Act, shall
be deemed and taken to be and to have been ungranted lands of the Crown, within
the meaning of said section, and liable as such to be included in such license. (34 V.,
c. 19, s. 1.)
34 FOR
530 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
4. The licensee or nominee named in any such license shall be deemed and taken to
have, and to have had, all the rights in respect of every such road allowance, and the
trees, timber, and lumber thereon, or cut thereon, as were, or, by the second section
of this Act, may be conferred upon him in respect of any other Crown lands embraced
in such license, and the trees, timber, and lumber thereon, or cut thereon, except that
he shall not be entitled to take or keep exclusive possession of any such road allow-
ance. (34 V., c. 19, s. 2.)
5. No by-law passed, or to be passed by any Municipal Council for preserving, sell-
ing, or otherwise appropriating or disposing of the timber or trees, or any part thereof,
ou any Government road allowance or allowances included in any such license, shall
be deemed or taken to have had or have any force or effect against any such license.
(34 V., c. 19, s. 3.)
6. In case the Council of any Township, organized as a separate Municipality, or the
Council of any united Townships, have passed, or hereafter pass, any by-law for pre-
serving or selling the timber or trees on the Government road allowances within such
Township, or within the senior Township of said united Townships, and included in
any such license, the Corporation of such Township or united Townships shall be en-
titled to be paid out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of this Province a sum equal
to two per centum of the dues received by Her Majesty for or in respect of the timber
and saw-logs which, during the existence of such by-law, were cut within the said
Township, or within such senior Township, under the authority of such license; but
no Corporation shall be entitled to such percentage of the dues received for timber or
saw-logs cut during the times or seasons when any timber, or trees on any such road
allowances were cut or removed, for which cutting or removal such Corporation had,
before the fifteenth day of February, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one,
obtained a verdict against any such licensee or nominee. (34 V., c. 19, s. 4.)
7. No Municipal Corporation shall be entitled to such payment as aforesaid, unless
a certified copy of the by-law passed or to be passed as aforesaid, accompanied by an
affidavit of the Clerk or Reeve of such Corporation, verifying such copy, and the date
of the passing of such by-law, is filed in the Department of Crown Lands at Toronto
within six months from the passing of such by-law; and the said affidavit may be
made or taken before any person or officer who, under the forty-second or forty-third
sections of "The Public Lands Act," is authorized to take the affidavits in those sections
mentioned. (34 V., c. 19. s. 5.)
8. All moneys to be paid as aforesaid, to any Municipal Corporation shall be ex-
pended in the improvement of the highways situate within the Township or senior
Township in respect of which such moneys were paid. (34 V., c. 19, s. 6.)
[See Rev. Stat., c. 24, ss. 11-13, as to the right of the Crown to grant timber licenses
on Free Grant Lands.]
9. Every person obtaining a license shall, at the expiration thereof, make to the
officer or agent granting the same, or to the Commissioner of Crown Lands, a return of
the number and kinds of trees cut, and of the quantity and description of saw-logs, or
of the number and description of sticks of square timber manufactured and carried
away under such license; and such statement shall be sworn to by the holder of the
license, or his agent, or by his foreman, before a Justice of the Peace; and any person
refusing or neglecting to furnish such statement, or evading or attempting to evade
any regulation made by Order in Council, shall be held to have cut without authority,
and the timber made shall be dealt with accordingly. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 3.)
10. All timber cut under licenses shall be liable for the payment of the Crown dues
thereon, so long as and wheresoever the said timber or any part of it may be found in
Ontario, whether in the original logs or manufactured into deals, boards or other stuff;
and all officers or agents intrusted with the collection of such dues may follow all such
timber and seize and detain the same wherever it is found until the dues are paid or
secured. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 4.)
2. Nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to repeal the provisions of the
fourth section of chapter twenty-three of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, as re-
gards timber removed into the Province of Quebec.
[Section 4 of Con. Stat. Can., c. 23, is as follows:
4. All timber cut under licenses shall be liable for the payment of the Crown dues thereon, so long as
and wheresoever the said timber or any part of it may be found, whether in the original logs or manu-
factured into deals, boards or other stuff; and all officers or agents entrusted with the collection of such
dues may follow all such timber and seize and detain the same wherever it is found until the dues are
paid or secured. (12 V., c. 30, s. 4.)]
11. Bonds or promissory notes taken for the Crown dues either before or after the
cutting of the timber, as collateral security, or to facilitate collection, shall not in any
way affect the lien of the Crown on the timber, but the lien shall subsist until the said
dues are actually discharged. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 5.)
12. If any timber so seized and detained for non-payment of Crown dues remains
more than two months in the custody of the agent or person appointed to guard tho
same, without the dues and expenses being paid, the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 531
with the previous special sanction of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, may order a
sale of the said timber to be made after sufficient notice; and the balance of the pro-
ceeds of such sale, after retaining the amount of dues and costs incurred, shall be
handed over to the owner or claimant of such timber. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 6; 40 V., c. 8,
8. 70.)
13. If any person without authority cuts or employs or induces any other person to
cut, or assists in cutting any timber of any kind on any of the Crown, Clergy, School,
or other Public Lands, or removes or carries away, or employs or induces or assists any
other person to remove or carry away, any merchantable timber of any kind so cut
from any of the Public Lands aforesaid, he shall not acquire any right to the timber so
cut, or any claim to any remuneration for cutting, preparing the same for market, or
conveying the same to or towards market.
2. When the timber or saw-logs made has or have been removed by any such person
out of the reach of the officers of the Cown Lauds Department, or it is otherwise found
impossible to seize the same, such person shall, in addition to the loss of his labor and
disbursements, forfeit a sum of three dollars for each tree (rafting stuff excepted) which
he is proved to have cut or caused to be cut or carried away.
3. Such sum shall be recoverable with costs, at the suit and in the name of the Com-
missioner of Crown Lands or resident agent, in any Court having jurisdiction in civil
matters to the amount of the penalty.
4. In all such cases it shall be incumbent on the party charged to prove his authority
to cut; and the averment of the party seizing or prosecuting that he is duly employed
under the authority of this Act, shall be sufficient proof thereof, unless the defendant
proves the contrary. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 7.)
14. Whenever satisfactory information, supported by affidavit made before a Jus-
tice of the Peace or before any other competent party, is received by the Commissioner
of Crown Lands, or any other officer or agent of the Crown Lands Department, that any
timber or quantity of timber has been cut without authority on Crown, Clergy, School,
or other Public Lands, and describing where the said timber can be found, the said
Commissioner, officer, or agent, or any one of them, may seize or cause to be seized in
Her Majesty's name the timber so reported to be cut without authority, wherever it is
found, and place the same under proper custody until a decision can be had in the
matter froni competent authority. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 8.)
15. Where the timber so reported to have been cut without authority on the Pub-
lic Lands has been made up with other timber into a crib, dam, or raft, or in any other
manner has been so mixed up at the mills or elsewhere as to render it impossible or
very difficult to distinguish the timber so cut on Public Lands without license from
other timber with which it is mixed up, the whole of the timber so mixed shall be held
to have been cut without authority on Public Lands, and shall be liable to seizure and
forfeiture accordingly, until satisfactorily separated by the holder. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 8.)
16. Any officer or person seizing timber, in the discharge of his duty under this Act,
may, in the name of the Crown, call in any assistance necessary for securing and pro-
tecting the timber so seized. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 9.)
[Sections 9 and 10 of Con. Stat. Can., c. 23, creating certain criminal liabilities, are
as follows:
9. Any officer or person seizing timber in the discharge of his duty under this Act may, in the name
of the Crown, call in any assistance necessary for securing and protecting the timber so seized; and if
any person, under any pretenso, either by assault, force, or violence, or by threat of such assault, force,
or violence, in any way resists or obstructs any officer or person acting in his aid in the discharge of
his duty under this Act, such person, being convicted, shall be adjudged guilty of felony, and shall be
punishable accordingly. (12 V., c. 30, s. 9.)
10. If any person, whether pretending to be owner or not, either secretly or openly, and whether
with or without force or violence, takes or carries away, or causes to be taken and carried away, with-
out permission of the officer or person who seized the same, or of some competent authority, any tim-
ber seized and detained as subject to forfeituro under this Act, before the same has been declared by
competent authority to have been seized without due cause, such person shall be deemed to have stolen
such timber, being the property of the Crown, and to be guilty of felony and liable to punishment ac-
cordingly. (12 V., c. 30, s. 10.)]
17. Whenever any timber is seized for non-payment of Crown dues, or for any other
cause of forfeiture, or any prosecution is brought for any penalty or forfeiture under
this Act, and any question arises whether the said dues have been paid on such tim-
ber, or whether the said timber was cut on other than any of the Public Lands afore-
said, the burden of proving payment, or on what land the said timber was cut, shall
lie on the owner or claimant of such timber, and not on the officer who seizes the same
or the party bringing such prosecution. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 10 [2].)
18. All timber seized under this Act shall be deemed to be condemned, unless the
person from whom it was seized, or the owner thereof, within one month from the day
of the seizure, gives notice to the seizing officer or nearest officer or agent of the Crown
Lands Office, that he claims or intends to claim the same; failing such notice, the officer
or agent seizing shall report the circumstances to the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
who may order the sale of the said timber by the said officer or agent, after a notice
on the spot of at least thirty days. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 11 [1].)
532 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
19. Any Judge having competent Jurisdiction may, whenever he deems it proper,
try and determine such seizures, and may order the delivery of the timber to the
alleged owner, on receiving security by bond, with two good and sufficient sureties to
be first approved by the said agent, to pay double the value in case of condemnation.
2. Such bond shall be taken in the name of the Commissioner of Crown Lands to Her
Majesty's use, and shall be delivered up to and kept by the Commissioner.
3. If such seized timber is condemned, the value thereof shall be forthwith paid to
the Commissioner of Crown Lands or said agent, and the bond canceled, otherwise the
penalty of such bond shall be enforced and recovered. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 11 [2].)
20. Every person availing himself of any false statement or oath to evade the pay-
ment of Crown dues, shall forfeit the timber on which dues are attempted to be evaded.
(C. S. C., c. 23, s. 12.)
21. Nothing in this Act shall in any way invalidate or affect licenses granted before
the thirtieth day of May, 1849, or any obligation then contracted for payment of Crown
dues under such licenses, or invalidate the lien of the Crown on any timber cut upon
Public Lands, within the limits of the Province on that day, and upon which the dues
theretofore exacted have not been paid, notwithstanding any boud or promissory note
taken for the amount of such dues. (C. S. C., c. 23, s. 14.)
[2.] Management of the Timber Lands of Ontario.
Previous to June 13, 1866, applications for license to cut timber on the
Crown Lands were made to the several Crown Timber Agents, who might
grant such privileges upon payment at the rate of 2s. 6d. ($0.50) per
square mile annually, payable in advance. These leases expired on the
30th of April in each year, and might be renewed before the 1st of July
following. The changes since introduced are described by the Commis-
sioner of Crown Lands in a statement prepared for the information of the
then Premier of the Province of Quebec in 1877, a manuscript copy of
which has been furnished us, as follows:
On the 13th June, 1866, prior regulations were superseded, and the clause respecting
licenses to cut timber was modified, so that instead of agents granting them on application
it was provided that such vacant berths as the Commissioner of Crown Lands saw fit should
be offered at Public Auction, to be held half-yearly in each timber agency on the 10th
July and 10th January, or such other dates as the Commissioner might think proper
to fix by public notice, at an upset price of $4 per square mile, or such rate as he might
fix by such notice, the berths to be awarded to the highest bidder, &c., in addition to
the yearly ground rent of fifty cents per mile and tariff dues on timber when cut, the
Commissioner or agents in the intervals between sales to grant licenses on application
on payment of the bonus and ground rent mentioned.
The Regulations of 1851 and those of 1866 imposed a fine for non-occupation of tim-
ber berths as follows: If a berth in surveyed territory had not been occupied, i. e.,
worked upon during the season for which license was granted or renewed, or in un-
surveyed territory the year after granting or renewal of license, the ground rent of
50 cents was doubled, and so on in case of non-occupation until the ground rent reached
238. 4d. ($4.67), or maximum charge per square mile, at which rate it stood till the
berths had been worked upon, on which the rent again fell to 50 cents per mile; the
making of an average of 500 feet of square timber, or 20 saw-logs to the mile, being
admitted as due occupation. The object of compulsory occupation or the payment of
an increased ground rent was to prevent large areas of country from falling into the
hands of capitalists, to the exclusion therefrom of men of smaller means; but the pen-
alty of additional charge for rent was easily evaded, seeing that the holders of limits
had only to cut, or pretend to have cut, 357 pieces of square timber, or 1,000 logs, to
have a fifty mile limit maintained at 50 cents per mile rent, or reduced thereto had
the rent been advanced.
After confederation, compulsory occupation in Ontario was dispensed with, and the
ground rent increased from 50 cents to $2 per square mile, and by the third clause of
existing regulations it is made imperative that all new timber berths should be sold
by public auction to the bidder of the highest amount of bonus per square mile; that
berths should be offered for sale at such time and place as the Commissioner thought
fit, instead of at any particular date or place; and that in the interim between sales
no new licenses to be granted as under the regulations of 1866.
The duty of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, with respect to disposing of timber
berths, would seem clear and simple, inasmuch as he is by the auction system relieved
from the necessity of acting on individual applications for licenses; but the fact is,
that the management of the public forests of Ontario is surrounded by many difficul-
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 533
ties, not the least of which is the settlement of the country, which is extensively and
rapidly taking place in territory held under timber license, where lumbering operations
are being carried on simultaneously with the location of the lands.
The management of timber on lands under license in unsurveyed territory, or in
surveyed lands where settlement has not yet penetrated, is comparatively easy; all
that is required being a close inspection of operations by wood rangers. But in old
settled Townships, where licenses granted many years past still obtain, and where
settlers who had, prior to 1st July, 1867, purchased lots out of limits, being actual
residents on their lots with certain improvements, are allowed to cut and sell the
timber on their lands under the "Settler's License Regulations," the dues on the
timber so sold being applied towards payment of the purchase money due the Crown,
less ten per cent. for collection; and in newly surveyed Townships in free-grant terri-
tories covered by license, where locations have been or are being made under the Free
Grant Act, as well as lands sold under the Land Act of 1860 within or adjoining timber
limits subject to the Pine Tree Regulations under Order in Council of 27th May, 1869,
there is great care required in guarding against imposition and fraud upon the revenue
by passing timber cut on lands of the Crown in trespass as cut under authority of set-
tler's license or general timber license, or in process of clearing the land for cultivation
under the 10th section of the Free Grant Act and the Order in Council of 27th May,
1869, with respect to lands sold under the Land Act of 1860. To watch the interest of
the revenue and at the same time avoid apparent harshness in dealing with settlers
on the public lands demands the greatest circumspection by the Department and zeal
and vigilance on the part of its employés on the ground; yet, notwithstanding the
exercise of every care and precaution, the conflicting interests arising between lumber
operators and settlers are frequent and perplexing.
The Free Grant Townships in the Muskoka, Parry Sound, and Nipissing districts
are being rapidly settled upon, the lands being in many cases selected and large im-
provements made before they were opened for location or sale under the act; in view
of this fact, and that it would be impolitic to assume the attitude of retarding the
settlement of the country, the question of dealing with the pine timber on the lands
before they were formally located, so that the timber might be utilized in the public
interest instead of allowing it to be destroyed by fires incidental to the clearing of the
land, was somewhat embarrassing seeing that the sawn lumber and square timber
trade was in such a state of depression as had never before been experienced, and that
in consequence the result of selling the Townships, situated as described, as timber
berths, it was anticipated would be anything but satisfactory in a revenue point of
view; however, as settlement could not be kept back, it became imperative that the
right to cut the timber on the lands should be disposed of so that as much as possible
might accrue to the public chest. Accordingly last spring eight or nine Townships,
in the condition referred to, were inspected as to the pine timber thereon, and reports
examined with regard to the quantities in different parts of the Townships, and berths
of various areas from 4 to 23 square miles each were prepared so as to have the several
groups of pine distributed over the respective berths and thereby as far as possible
insure sales; through the careful management in the laying out of the berths the sale,
which took place in June last, was very successful, the amount realized giving an
average of $200 per square mile.
In April, 1869, new regulations were introduced, of which the follow-
ing is a copy. They took the place of those established by Order in
Council dated June 12, 1866, and published in the Canada Gazette of
June 23, 1866, and in force from that date:
[3.] CROWN TIMBER REGULATIONS.
[Established under Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, by order of His Excellency the
Lieutenant-Governor in Council, dated 16th April, 1869.]
1st. The Commissioner of Crown Lands may, at his discretion, cause the limit lines
of any Timber Berths under License, which have not been already surveyed, to be prop-
erly surveyed and run, the costs of such survey to be paid by the holder of the License;
and where two or more licensees are interested in the survey, the Commissioner shall
determine what portion of the costs of the survey shall be paid by each, and such costs.
of survey shall be a charge upon the Timber Berth, to be paid with the ground rent
before renewal of the License.
2d. The Commissioner of Crown Lands, before granting any Licenses for new Timber
Berths in the unsurveyed territory, shall, as far as practicable, cause the section of
country where it is intended to allot such Berths to be run out into Townships, and
each Township, when so surveyed, shall constitute a Timber Berth, but the Commis-
534 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO
sioner of Crown Lands may cause such Townships to be subdivided into as many
Timber Berths as he may think proper.
3d. The Berths or limits when so surveyed and set off, and all new Berths or limits
in surveyed territory, shall be explored and valued, and then offered for sale by public
auction at the upset price fixed by such valuation, at such time and place, and on
such conditions, and by such officer, as the Commissioner of Crown Lands shall direct
by public notice for that purpose, and shall be sold to the highest bidder for cash at
the time of sale.
4th. All forfeited Timber Berths may be offered for sale on the second Tuesday in
August in each year by Public Auction, at such upset price, and at such place as the
Commissioner of Crown Lands may fix and appoint by public notice, or at such other
rate as he may fix by such notice, and shall be awarded to the highest bidder, making
payment at the time of sale, but should the said Timber Berth not be then sold,
the same may be granted to any applicant willing to pay the said upset price and
ground rent, or on such other terms as the Commissioner of Crown Lands may direct.
5th. License holders who shall have complied with all existing regulations shall
be entitled to have their Licenses renewed on application to the Commissioner of
Crown Lands, or to such local agent as he may appoint for that purpose.
6th. The Commissioner of Crown Lands shall keep a Register of all Licenses granted
or renewed, and of all transfers of such Licenses; and a copy of such register, with a plan
of the Licensed limits, shall be kept by the Crown Timber Agent of the locality, and
open to public inspection.
7th. All transfers of Timber Berths shall be made in writing, but shall be subject to
the approval of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, to whom they shall be transmitted
for approval or rejection, and they shall be valid only from the time of such approval,
to be expressed in writing.
8th. Timber Berths are to be described in new Licenses as "not to interfere with
prior Licenses, existing or to be renewed in virtue of regulations." When the de-
scription of any berth or boundary, as given by any License, clashes with the descrip-
tion of any other licensed berth or territory, the license of more recent origin (tracing
back only to the time when such License or any previous License, of which it is a
renewal, was first granted), shall give way, and the Commissioner may amend or can-
cel such License wholly or in part, and substitute another in place thereof, so as to
correct the description of the berth or limit intended to be licensed; and in all cases
where any License has issued in error or mistake, or is found to be inconsistent with
any other License, or inconsistent or incompatible with the regulations under which
it was granted, the Commissioner of Crown Lands may cause it to be canceled or
amended, or he may refer all matters in dispute with reference to the boundaries and
position of Timber limits to arbitration, each of the contending parties to choose one
Arbitrator, and the Commissioner of Crown Lands shall appoint an Umpire, naming
a day on or before which the award of such Arbitrators or of such Umpire shall be
made and delivered to the parties, and such award shall be binding on them.
9th. Timber cut on limits for which License has been suspended or held in abeyance
shall be considered as having been cut without authority, and treated accordingly.
10th. Occupants, locatees, or purchasers of Public Lands, who have not completed all
the conditions of sale or location, shall not, unless under Settlers' License, or for
clearing, fencing, or building purposes on the said land, be permitted to cut timber or
logs thereon, or to dispose of it to others. Persons found doing so shall be subject to
the penalties established by law for cutting timber on the Public Lands without
authority.
11th. All Timber Licenses are to expire on the 30th of April next after the date
thereof, and all renewals are to be applied for and issued before the 1st of July fol-
lowing the expiration of the last preceding License, in default whereof the right to
renewal shall cease, and the Berth or Berthis shall be treated as forfeited.
12th. No renewal of any License shall be granted unless or until the ground rent,
and all costs of survey, and all dues to the Crown on Timber, Saw Logs, or other Lum-
ber cut under and by virtue of any License, other than the last preceding shall have
been first paid.
13th. All Timber Berths or limits shall be subject to an annual ground rent of $2
per square mile, payable in advance before the issuing of any original License or
renewal.
14th. All Timber, Saw Logs, Wood, or other Lumber, cut under any License now in
force, or under any License which may be hereafter granted, shall be subject to tho
payment of the following Crown dues, that is to say:
Elm, Ash, Tamarac, and Maple, per cubic foot
Black Walnut and Oak, per cubic foot.
$0.03
02
Red and White Pine, Birch, Basswood, Cedar, Buttonwood and Cottonwood,
and all Boom Timber, per cubic foot
01
All other woods
011
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 535
Red and White Pine, Basswood, Buttonwood, and Cottonwood, saw logs, per
standard of 200 feet board measure..
Walnut, Oak, and Maple saw logs, per standard of 200 feet board measure.
Hemlock, Spruce, and other woods, per standard of 200 feet board measure..
All unmeasured cull saw logs to be taken at the average of the lot, and to be
charged for at the same rate.
Staves, Pipe, per mille.
Staves, West India, per mille.
Cordwood (hard), per cord.
Cordwood (soft), per cord.
Hemlock Tan Bark, per cord.
Railway Timber, Knees, &c., to be charged 15 per cent. ad valorem.
$0 15
25
10
២៦
7 00
2 25
20
124-
30
15th. The duties on Timber shall be charged upon the quantities shown by the
specification of measurement at the office of the Supervisor of Cullers at Quebec, or
that of the Deputy Supervisor of Cullers at Sorel or Montreal, or by other reliable
measurement, but where such actual measurement cannot be obtained, each stick of
White Pine Timber shall be estimated as containing 70 cubic feet, Red Pine as cou-
taining 38 cubic feet, Oak 50 feet, and Elm 45 feet, and all other wood as containing
34 cubic feet.
16th. All Licensees or occupants of Timber Berths shall furnish, through themselves,
their agents, cullers, and formen, to such agent or agents as the Commissioner of Crown
Lands may appoint for that purpose, and at such time and place as such agent or agents
may require, satisfactory proof upon oath as to the exact locality where all the Timber,
Saw Logs, and other Lumber in his or their possession were cut, giving the number of
pieces and description of Timber, Saw Logs, and other Lumber cut by themselves and
others to their knowledge upon each of the Timber Berths held or occupied by him or
them, respectively, designating what quantity, if any, had been cut on settlers' lands,
giving the names of such settlers, the name of the Township, and the number of each
Lot and Concession, exhibiting at the same time, for the inspection of such agent or
agents, the books of count and measurement of such Timber, Saw Logs, and other
Lumber under his or their control, respectively; and shall moreover furnish such agent
or agents all required information and facilitie: to enable him or them to arrive at a
satisfactory determination as to the quantity and description of Timber, Saw Logs,
and other Lumber made by him or them, or held in his or their possession, respectively,
on which Government dues are chargeable; and in the event of such agent or agents
deeming it expedient to cause such Timber, Saw Logs, and other Lumber to be counted
or measured, the said Licensee or occupier of such Timber Berth, and his or their
agents, cullers, and foremen, shall aid and assist in such count or measurement, but
should such Licensee or occupier, or his or their agents, fail to comply with these con-
ditions, such Licensee shall forfeit all right to a renewal of his License, and the berth
and limit shall become vacant. And to enable persons who sell their timber under
Settlers' License to obtain their refund of dues, and Timber cut on Patented Lands to
pass duty free, it will be necessary for the parties interested to prove, ou oath, taken
before such agent or agents, and to his or their satisfaction, the number of pieces and
description of Timber and Saw Logs cut on each lot respectively. And in the event
of such proof being deemed unsatisfactory, the said agent or agents may determine the
same by causing a strict count of the stumps to be made, and then certifying accord-
ing to such count.
17th. The Commissioner of Crown Lands, or any authorized agent, shall at all times
have free access to and be permitted to examine the books and memoranda kept by
any Licensee showing the quantity of Lumber in board measure sawn by him from logs
cut on his Timber Berth or Berths, and failing to produce such books and memoranda
when required so to do will subject such Licensee to a forfeiture of his right to a
renewal of his License.
18th. When any License-holder is in default for, or has evaded the payment of, dues
to the Crown on any part of his Timber or Saw Logs, such dues may be levied on any
other Timber or Saw Logs belonging to such defaulter, cut under License, together
with the dues thereon.
19th. Before moving any raft or parcel of Timber, Lumber, or Saw Logs from the
Agency in which it has been cut, the owner or person in charge thereof shall report
the same to the Crown Timber Agent, making, if required, declaration, upon oath, as
to where the said Timber was cut, the number of pieces and description of each kind of
wood contained in such raft or parcel of Timber, and the number of cribs, stating at
the same time the number and description of pieces cut on private lands, also on lands
under Settlers' Liceuse, giving the names of the owners or Licensees of such land, with
the names of the Township, and number of each lot and Concession; and should such
Crown Timber Agent not be satisfied with the correctness of such report, he shall
cause a strict count to be made of the Timber in such raft; and on being satisfied of
the correctness of such report or count, the said Crown Timber Agent may grant a
536 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
clearance, in due form, for such raft, stating the number of pieces and description of
Timber contained therein, distinguishing the Timber cut on private lands and under
Settlers' License from that cut on the Crown Domain.
20th. The owner or holder of any such raft or parcel of Timber shall, within twenty-
four hours after the same shall have arrived at its destination at Quebec, Sorel, Mon-
treal, or other port of sale or shipment, report the arrival of such raft to the Collector
of Crown Timber dues, or if at Sorel or Montreal, to the Deputy Supervisor of Cullers;
and should the said raft be found by the specification of measurement to contain á
greater number of pieces of Timber than is noted in the clearance, the surplus number
of pieces, if not satisfactorily explained, shall be held as having been cut on Crown
Lands without authority, and subject to the payment of dues accordingly.
21st. Parties omitting to obtain their clearance at such agency, or omitting to report
the arrival of such raft at its destination as above mentioned, inay be refused further
license, and may be subject to forfeiture of the timber for evasion of regulations, as
provided in Cap. 23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada.
22d. Persons evading or refusing the payment of timber dues, or the final settlement
of bonds or promissory notes for the payment of such dues, or in default with the
Crown Timber office or agent; also, persons taking forcible possession of disputed
ground before obtaining decision in their favor, and persons refusing to comply with
the decision of Arbitrators or of the Umpire, as provided by the 8th section of these
Regulations, or with the Regulations established by Order in Council, or who forcibly
interrupt surveyors in the discharge of their duty, shall be refused further Licenses,
and their berths shall be forfeited at the expiration of the then existing License.
23d. Dues of all kinds on Timber cut under License, remaining unpaid on the 30th
November following the season in which it was cut, shall be subject to interest from
that date, but without prejudice to the power of the Crown to enforce payment of such
outstanding dues at any time the Commissioner of Crown Lands may think proper.
[4.] On the various forms of Timber Licenses in use.
There are four forms of Timber License in use in the Province of On-
tario; two for what is called the "Western Timber District," and the
"Belleville District," one containing the right to cut timber on road
allowances, and the other not, and neither of them granting the right to
cut rafting stuff on lands of the Crown. Two forms of license are
used for the "Ottawa Agency," one having the stipulation concerning
road allowances, and the other not, but both conferring the right to cut
rafting stuff from the Crown Lands.
The reason why the right to cut rafting stuff is confined to the Ottawa
Agency is because, on the Ottawa, timber and logs come from a long dis-
tance up the river and from different tributary streams, and have to be
rafted, broken up, and re-rafted in some cases several times before the
timber and logs reach their destination; whereas on the rivers in other
parts of the Province no rafting takes place, the timber and logs being
driven down the streams loosely till they reach the large waters of the
lakes or the river Saint Lawrence, on the shores of which rafting stuff
can be cut or purchased.
The following copy of the simpler form of License used in the Western
Timber District, will, with its notes, give an idea of these different
licenses:
[5.] Form of a Timber License in the Western Timber District.¹
By Authority of Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, 34th Victoria,
Chapter 19 of the Statutes of Ontario, and the Crown Timber Regulations, dated the
'The Ottawa Agency Timber License contains the following additional clause in this
paragraph:
"And that any person or persons (or their agent or agents) who have cut square or
wany timber or saw-logs for the manufacture of sawn lumber on lands of the Crown
held under license in the Province of Ontario, may cut on the lands hereby licensed
and take therefrom all necessary trees under ten inches in diameter, in the thickest
part, to make floats, traverses, oars, or withes for his or their use in rafting timber or
sa-logs so cut, and being rafted in the immediate vicinity of the cutting of such raft-
ing stuff. Each 'Red Pine' or 'Oak Log' cut for the above purpose will be subject to
a charge of fifteen cents under Order in Council of 8th September, 1871."
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 537
16th day of April, 1869, and for and in consideration of the payments made and to be
made to Her Majesty: I do hereby give unto
and unto
Agents or Workmen, full power and License to cut every description of timber and
saw-logs on lands or lots unlocated and unsold at the date of this License, or sold or
located during the time this License is in force, and pine trees on lands or lots sold or
located under the Orders in Council of 27th May, 1869, prior to the date of this License,
or patented as mining lands, under the General Mining Act of 1869, upon the Location
described on the back hereof by, and to hold and occupy the said Location to the ex-
clusion of all others, except as hereinafter mentioned: from
to thirtieth
April, 18—, and no longer; with the right of conveying away the said timber through
any ungranted or waste lands of the Crown:
And by virtue of this License, the said Licensee has right by the said Statute to all
timber cut by others during the term of this License in trespass on the ground hereby
assigned, with full power to seize and recover the same.
But this License is subject to the following conditions, viz:
To the withdrawal therefrom of lots located or sold under the Free Grants and
Homestead Act of 1868, for which patent may be granted on the ground that five years
had elapsed from the date of such location or sale, and that the conditions of settle-
ment had been complied with prior to thirtieth April, preceding the date or issue of
the License.
That any person or persons may at all times make and use roads upon, and travel
over the ground hereby licensed.
That nothing herein shall prevent any person or persons from taking from the ground
covered by this License, Standing Timber of any kind (without compensation there-
for), to be used for the making of Roads or Bridges or for Public Works, the authority
of the Department of Crown Lands having first been obtained.
And that persons settling under lawful authority or title within the location hereby
licensed, shall not in any way be interrupted in clearing and cultivation by the said
Licensee, or any one acting for
or by
permission.
And further, under condition that the said Licensee or
representatives shall
comply with all regulations that are or may be established by Order in Council, and
shall submit all the timber, saw logs, or other lumber cut under this License to be
counted or measured, and settle for the duties chargeable thereon, when required by
me or any officer thereunto authorized, otherwise the said timber will be forfeited to
the Crown, and the said Licensee be subject to such other penalties as the Act provides.
Given under my hand at
the day of
in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and
in duplicate.
Crown Timber Agent.
The stipulation in regard to Road allowances found in two of the
forms is as follows:
And every Government Road allowance or parts thereof embraced within the bound-
aries of the tracts or parcels of land above mentioned or described; and all such por-
tions of any Government Road allowance as border upon any tract, lot, or parcel of
land above mentioned or described; and lie between the side lines or between the
front and rear lines, or between a side line and a front or rear line, or between differ-
ent parts of any line of said tracts, lots, or parcels of land, produced across such Road
allowance: Provided, however, That when any portion of a Road allowance is found
to be included in any two Licenses covering lands on opposite sides of such Road allow-
ance, then each License is to extend only to the center line of such Road allowance;
and provided also that all disputes arising out of any conflict of Licenses covering
Government Road allowances shall be decided by the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
who may define what portion of any Road allowance is included in each License, and
his decision shall be binding.
This License not to interfere with prior Licenses.
[6.] System of Wood-Ranging. Efforts to prevent waste.
The Commissioner of Crown Lands, in the communication already
cited, describes the operation of these Regulations and the System of
Wood-Ranging which was then introduced. This is admitted as at first
crude and experimental, but it has since gone on with modifications as
suggested by experience, until it is deemed at present as perfect as can
practically be carried out.
A staff of from twenty to thirty experienced and reliable Rangers are employed each
scason, some of them being engaged from December till the 30th of April and a few of
538 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
the Supervising Rangers up to the end of October. The result has been satisfactory in
the highest degree, the revenue having increased in the several agencies immediately
after the inception of the system to the extent of from 50 per cent., and in one agency
even 400 per cent.
Instead of agents dealing with accounts for timber dues as formerly, all returns,
together with Rangers' reports, are transmitted to the Department, where the timber
limit operations and cutting on special lots of land are checked, and all accounts made
up, and transmitted to agents for the collection of the dues and transmission of the
same to headquarters as collected.
Wood-rangers have standing instructions to report generally on any wanton or spe-
cial waste, when such has been observed in connection with lumbering operations, and
in cases of licensees allowing standing pine through which fire has passed to become
lost instead of utilizing it before it is destroyed by what is termed the "boring-worm.”
A few cases of waste transpired some years ago by licensees arranging with jobbers to
cut saw-logs on their timber limits, the logs, by agreement, to be up to a certain stand-
ard of quality-all logs falling short of the standard fixed being rejected and left in
the woods-and an attempt made to leave the rejected timber out of the returns; but
through the vigilance of the Wood-rangers of the Department such transactions were
nipped in the bud, and abandoned when parties found that they had to account for and
make payment to the Crown on every tree cut down. The only real waste of timber in
lumbering is in connection with the manufacture of square pine and board (or octagonal)
pine timber, especially the former, in squaring which and in the rejection of the upper
portion of the tree, where the limbs begin, fully one-third of the tree is wasted, viz: One-
sixth of the best of the timber in siding off to reach the square and one-sixth in the upper
part of the tree which is left in the woods, but which, if drawn, would be valuable
at a saw-mill, where it could be cut into various qualities of lumber, either fit for do-
mestic use or export. The waste referred to has been noticed by this Department
for years past, but under regulations past and present, and the tenure under which
licenses to cut timber are held and have been held for many years, it is found difficult
to uproot a system which has obtained so long, and in which there are so many vested
interests and so much capital involved.
[7.] Mode of making and of verifying returns.
NOTICE TO SAW-MILL OWNERS AND LUMBERMEN.
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS,
Toronto, June 1, 1876.¹
The class of timber referred to in this notice comprises the following:
Saw-logs 16 feet in length and under.
Round (or flatted) timber of more than 16 feet in length, usually designated "Long
Timber," or "Dimension Timber."
Boom Timber, got out expressly for the purpose indicated by the designation.
MEASUREMENT FOR CONTENTS BY SCRIBNER'S READY RECKONER.”
All returns of saw logs, long timber, dimension timber, and boom timber, whether
cut on private or public lands, must be made to the Department of Crown Lands or its
agents, on or before the 1st day of June in each year, and must be sworn to by the
person who superintended the cutting of such logs, &c., and also by the culler or cul-
lers who measured the same; the returns must give the number of pieces of logs with
their respective lengths and diameters, and the number of pieces of long timber, di-
mension timber, and boom timber, the length of each piece of the three kinds of
timber last mentioned with the diameter of each from bark to bark at butt and top.
Separate returns must be made of the operations of each chantier 2 and of each job-
ber; and where it is desired to have logs, &c., passed free as cut on private lands, or
on lands under settler's license, separate returns under oath must be made in each case,
showing the number of pieces of logs, &c., and their respective dimensions as above
specified, and the lot or part lot on which the same have been cut.
When all returns of any lumbering establishment have been received and checked,
the affidavit of the proprietor or proprietors, or his or their manager, or principal
book-keeper, as to the total number of pieces of saw-logs, &c., cut by or for him or
them, or acquired from others (whatever lands the same may have been taken from)
during the season of operations for which returns are made, will be required to be
furnished to the Department or its agents. The Department or its agents should be
¹ Although bearing this date this notice has been issued since August, 1872, for the
guidance of mill owners in making returns of yearly operations in the woods, whether
on public or private lands.
2 Equivalent to the wood camp, as used in the United States.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 539
advised by each saw-mill owner, lumberman, or operator when final returns have been
furnished.
Attention is called to the 16th and 17th clauses of the "Crown Timber Regulations,"
which make it imperative that every facility, assistance, and information be afforded
to the Department and its agents, by all parties operating in timber, saw-logs, &c.,
in the investigation of the extent and nature of such operations, and the examination
of books and verification of returns.
Blank forms for the above returns may be had on application to the Department or
any of its agents.
Assistant Commissioner.
The forms used in connection with these returns are as follows:
Culler's Return of measurement of boom and dimension Timber, show-
ing for each piece its length, and diameters at the butt and top.
Affidavit as to timber cut on special lots, in which it is declared that
the lines have all been run around the said lot, and are perfectly vis-
ible, and that the deponent knew their locality. He testifies that he
counted the timber on the land, and knew from such knowledge of the
lines and counting of the timber on the land that he did actually cut
and make on and draw from the said lot during the preceding winter
the full quantity mentioned.
Affidavit of the owner of "Private Lands," or persons holding lands
under "Settler's License." This is to be taken by the owner of any land
for which Settler's License is held, or lands under patent, on which it is
intended to pass Saw-Logs or Boom Timber as cut thereon, and contains
a similar declaration as to knowledge of the lines and of the quantities
cut.
Affidavit of the Foreman respecting timber cut under his direction
upon private lands, or under Settler's License, with like declaration of
knowledge of lines and of quantities, specifying the latter.
Affidavit of person in charge of each lumbering operation in which
Saw-Logs or Boom Timber has been made, in which the deponent de-
clares that he caused a correct account to be kept of the number of
pieces of each description of Timber made, which was measured by the
person named; that he had seen and examined the books of the person
employed as Culler, and his account of the measurement of said Saw-
Logs and Boom Timber, and feels certain that the account given by him,
and which is annexed, is a true and faithful account of the number of
pieces of Saw-Logs and Boom Timber, and their respective lengths and
diameters (the diameters of Boom Timber from bark to bark at top and
butt being given), made at the place mentioned during the winter specified.
Affidavits of Culler, of total operations of season of any Foreman or
Jobber, to be taken after counting and measuring the Saw-Logs and
Boom Timber made during the winter, and affirming that the return
includes the whole amount. »
The Culler's Return of Saw-Logs is a blank form for entering the num-
ber of pieces, and the contents in feet, board measure, of logs, 13, 16,
and feet long, and for each inch in diameter, from 7 inches to 40. Alí
round, flattened, or dimension Timber over 18 feet long is measured as
Boom Timber.
The Return for Timber and Staves is arranged for entering, in sepa
rate columns, the Township, Lot, and Concession; the number of pieces
of White Pine, Red Pine, Elm, Ash, and Oak; the number of pieces of
Standard and of West India Staves; number of pieces of other wood,
and a description of other timber, with an affidavit of completeness and
correctness as to time, quantity, and kind.
A similar Return is required concerning Saw-Logs and Boom Timber,
showing of each the number of pieces and of feet (linear), and of Square
Timber the number of pieces and the contents in cubic feet.
540 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
The form of Clearance Crown Timber Office presents, in duplicate, a
statement for each separate class of timber, the amount cut from Pri-
vate Lands, from lands under Lumbermen's License, in trespass, and
under Settler's License on Free-Grant Permissions.
In addition to these returns, the accounts kept by the government
employés in charge of the booms and slides afford, upon the Ottawa
and its tributaries, a further means of checking the returns.
"The
great point is to ascertain what has been cut by parties on other lands
than those under license, as they are sure to report and clear all timber
under authority of license, because any excess of timber over the quan-
tity cleared and covered by sworn returns is looked upon as cut in tres-
pass, and treated accordingly, at Quebec or other port of destination
for shipment." This can only be secured by a vigilant discharge of
duties on the part of the Rangers and other agents employed by the
Department.
[8.] Timber Regulations established under the Land Act.-General State-
ment.
In Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, entitled "An
Act respecting the Sale and Management of Public Lands," the Lieu-
tenant-Governor in Council is authorized to make such orders as are
necessary to carry out its provisions, according to its obvious intent,
“or to meet cases which may arise and for which no provision is made in this
act." Such Regulations are to be published in the "Ontario Gazette,"
and in such newspapers as the Commissioner of the Crown Lands may
direct, and must be laid before the Legislative Assembly within the
first ten days of the next session. In the absence of express provisions
in respect to timber upon the public lands sold under this act, the au-
thority above mentioned has, under the general clause granting dis-
cretionary power in unenumerated cases, established the following:
[9.]
Settlers' License Regulations.
[Established by Order of His Excellency the Lieutenant-Govenor in Council, dated 8th February, 1870.]
Actual settlers on any of the Public Lands, who purchased such lands from the
Crown prior to the 1st July, 1867, and which are not yet paid for in full, may obtain
License to cut the Timber standing or growing on such lands, and dispose of the same
on the following terms and conditions:
1. The applicant for License must have been a bona fide occupant of the land and a
resident thereon on the 1st July, 1867, and must have resided continuously on the
same from that date until the date of the application for such License.
2. At the date of such application a quantity of such land, in the proportion of at
least four acres to every one hundred acres, must have been cleared and had under
crop, with a habitable dwelling-house erected thereon of the dimensions of at least
sixteen by twenty feet.
3. All applications for Licenses are to be made to the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
Toronto, in the form A hereunto annexed,' and to be accompanied by a License fee
4. All Licenses granted under these Regulations are to be issued by the Commis-
sioner of Crown Lands, or by any officer or agent by him authorized for that purpose,
in the form B hereunto annexed, and are to be subject to the fourteenth, fifteenth, six-
2
This form specifies the location and extent of land on which the privilege of cut-
ting is asked, an agreement to comply with the regulations, and an affidavit declaring
actual residence, size of buildings, and the amount of land cleared and under crop.
of $4.
2 The terms of the License are in conformity with the above regulations, and specify
the nature and extent of improvements as described in the application. All the rights
of the Government are reserved in case of a failure to comply with the terms of the
License or a fraud in the application, the Logs or Timber to be in such cases subject
to forfeiture.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 541
teenth, and seventeenth sections of the "Crown Timber Regulations," which sections
shall apply to such Licenses and to the Timber and Logs cut thereunder, and to such
Licensees, their agents and servants, and to the lands mentioned in such License.
5. All dues collected on Timber or Logs cut under any such License, less ten per
cent. for collection, and less also any expenses which may have been incurred by the
Crown Lands Department, or its agents, in verifying the quantity or description of
such Timber or Logs, or the extent of the improvements on the land, shall be applied
towards the payment of the land, on completion of the conditions of settlement; should
any surplus of said dues remain, after payment in full of the land and issue of patent,
the same to be paid over to the Licensee, his or her heirs or assigns.
6 The Licensee and the person who purchased the Timber or Logs, cut under such
License, shall, on or before the 1st day of June next, after the cutting of said Timber
or Logs, make to the Crown Timber Agent of the locality where the same were cut,
or other authorized Agent, or to the Crown Lands Department at Toronto, a return,
upon oath, in the form C'hereunto annexed, of the quantity and description of all
kinds of Timber so cut, and in the case of Saw-Logs, the number of pieces and con-
tents in feet, board measure. Such return to be in addition to any other return that
such Licensee or purchaser may have previously made.
7. Any false or untrue statements as to occupation or residence, or as to improve-
ments on the land, or as to the quantity or description of Timber or Logs cut thereon,
or any non-compliance with these regulations, or regulations hereafter made, shall
subject the License to cancellation, and the Timber or Logs cut thereunder to for-
feiture.
In respect to the operation of these Regulations the Commissioner of
Crown Lands, in the communication already mentioned, says:
Regulations under which purchasers of lands from the Crown, being actual residents
on their lands with certain improvements, were allowed to sell the timber growing on
their lots, the value of the timber sold to be paid into the Department and applied (less
ten per cent. for collection) in payment of the purchase money due the Crown, were
inaugurated by the Government of the Province of Canada in 1860, and obtained until
confederation, when they were held in abeyance in Ontario till February, 1870, at
which latter date they were renewed in a slightly modified form, licenses being subse-
quently granted to settlers on lands purchased from the Crown prior to 1st July, 1867,
on the conditions of 1860, as to residence and improvements, the dues paid on the tim-
ber, not the value, to be paid into the Department and applied as before, surplus money
over payment of the land to be paid over to the licensee or his heirs or assigns.
In view of the Order in Council of 27th May, 1869, under which a settler is allowed
to sell Pine necessary to be removed in process of clearing his lot for cultivation,
license rate of dues being chargeable thereon, and the fact that the Pine has probably
all been taken from lots purchased so long ago as 1867, and in a position to be placed
under "Settler's License," very few of such licenses have been applied for during the
past few years, and the necessity for them is obviated in a great measure by the prac-
tice of the Department since the date of the Order in Council in 1869, which has been,
with respect to timber other than Pine, to allow bona-fide settlers on lands sold under
the Lands Act of 1860, and under the Free Grants Act of 1868, to sell such other timber
as may be on their lots free of any dues, whether the timber had been cut in the pro-
cess of clearing or otherwise; in fact the Settlers' License Regulations may now be said
to have become obsolete and unnecessary.
[10.] Reservation of Pine Trees upon the Public Lands sold within a Timber License.
ORDER AND REGULATION.
[Made under "The Public Lands Act of 1860," by Order of His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor
in Council, dated 27th May, 1869.]
All Pine Trees growing or being upon any Public Land hereafter to be sold, and
which at the time of such sale, or previously, was included in any Timber License,
'This form contains a description of the improvements and a sworn statement of the
quantities and descriptions of Timber that had been cut upon the licensed premises
during the previous season, in the following form:
SAW-LOGS.
SQUARE AND OTHER TIMBER, STAVES, &c.

WHITE PINE.
WHITE PINE. RED PINE.
ΟΑΚ.
ELM. OTHER WOODS. STAVES.
Number.
No. of feet, board
Pieces.
Pieces.
Pieces. Pieces.
Pieces.
Pieces.
measure.
542 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
shall be considered as reserved from such sale; and such land shall be subject to any
Timber License, covering or including such land, in force at the time of such sale, or
granted within three years from the date of such sale; and such trees may be cut and
removed from such land, under the authority of any such Timber License while law-
fully in force; but the purchaser at such sale, or those claiming under him or her,
may cut and use such trees as may be necessary for the purpose of building, fencing,
and fuel on the land so purchased, and may also cut and dispose of all trees required
to be removed in actually clearing said land for cultivation, but no pine trees, except
for the necessary building, fencing, and fuel as aforesaid, shall be cut beyond the
limit of such actual clearing before the issuing of the Patent for such land, and all
pine trees so cut and disposed of (except for the necessary building, fencing, and fuel
as aforesaid), shall be subject to the payment of the same dues as are at the time
payable by the holders of licenses to cut timber or saw-logs.
All trees remaining on the land at the time the Patent issues shall pass to the
Patentee.
Provided, however, That this order shall not apply to any land to be sold as mining
land, under "The General Mining Act of 1869," nor to land to be sold to any Free
Grant Locatee, under the regulations or Order of Council, bearing date this day.
Land is not sold for settlement within a Timber License without first
asking of the licensee whether he has objections to such sale. His as-
sent, it is assumed, will only be given because there is no pine on the
lands—or at least not in such quantity as to make it an object for him
to retain them in his license; and, on the other hand, that his objection
would be based upon the fact that there are pine trees of value thereon,
which he desires to remove under his license. The licensee is, therefore,
asked to inform the Department as nearly as practicable the number of
pine trees, if any, at present standing on his lands, for which a patent
is asked, or cut down on the ground and made, or to be made, into
square timber, dimension timber, or saw-logs, or other commercial com-
modity.
The applicant for a patent is also required to furnish the affidavits of
two disinterested and reliable parties, having a personal knowledge of
the fact, that there are not pine trees growing or being thereon-or
should there be pine trees, an estimate of the contents of such trees, the
parties to have some experience in lumbering matters. The affidavits are
required to state, in case that pine is on the land, the number of trees
standing, and the number, if any, cut down and on the ground made or
to be made into square timber, dimension-timber, saw-logs, or other
commercial commodity; giving, if possible, the approximate contents in
feet (board measure) or cubic feet of standing trees and trees cut down;
and also an affidavit that they have no interest whatever in the issue of
the patents, nor in lumbering operations of the licensee of the limit.
The experience of the Department of Crown Lands in the selling of
lands under License is given in the following statement:
It frequently happens that purchasers and locatees of lands under the Free Grant
Act (see 8th section) and purchasers under the Land Act of 1860 (in both cases see
Orders in Council of 27th May, 1869, already referred to), having their settlement
duties completed before the prescribed time had elapsed within which patent may not
be issued, apply to the Department for patent, the licensee within whose limits the
lands are situated giving his consent thereto and allowing the lands to be immedi-
ately withdrawn from license; in such cases the Department is disposed to issue
patent on the usual verification of completion of conditions of settlement as respects
improvements on the land, holding that the laudable ambition of a settler to be in
possession of the fee-simple of his land should not be discouraged, but in allowing
patent to issue the Commissioner examines into and carefully considers the grounds set
forth by the applicant for granting his request, which must not rest solely on the plea
of completion of settlement duties, and with the view of securing the revenue from
fraud by collusion between the locatee or purchaser of the land and the licensee be-
fore patent is issued, affidavits are exacted as to the fact whether there is or is not
pine of any considerable quantity on the lot, otherwise a bargain as to the timber, to
take effect after the issue of patent, might be entered into by which the Department
would lose the dues on the pine remaining on the land; that is to say, it might be so
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 543
arranged that a sum equal to the government dues would be paid by the licensee to
the owner of the land instead of to the Department of Crown Lands; or in consider-
ation of the former consenting to issue of patent the locatee might bind himself to
allow the timber to be taken away without any payment whatever; it is true that
under the 11th section of the Free Grants Act, wherein the powers conveyed in Cap.
23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada are confirmed, a license would hold good as
against the patent until the 30th of April next after the issue of the latter (it has been
so held by the law courts), still the lot, on which a large quantity of valuable pine
might yet be standing, would drop from license after the date last mentioned, and the
timber pass from the control of the Department.
In all cases when lots within timber limits have been sold or located they are noted
on the fly-leaf of the license on issue, and on each yearly renewal, with the duties of
sale or location, so that the licensee may take notice and cut the timber on such lands
as may be near passing from his limits through lapse of time; the notification so
given, while a guide to the limit holder, is also beneficial to the revenue, inasmuch as
the dues on large quantities of timber are secured by the action of the licensee which
would otherwise be lost by the passing away of the timber with patent.
[11.] Order in Council of April 3, 1880, in reference to the Reservation of Pine or Cedar
Trees, or both, from Sales of Public Lands for a limited period.
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS,
Toronto, April 9, 1880.
Notice is hereby given that on the third instant an Order in Council was passed au-
thorizing the Commissioner of Crown Lands, in future sales of lands under the "Pub-
lic Lands Act," Chapter twenty-three of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, to reserve
from any such sale with respect to which he may consider it expedient, either the pine
or cedar trees, or both, on the lands sold, for five years from the date of sale, and that
such lands as may be sold with the reservation mentioned shall be held to be subject
for the said period of five years from the date of sale, to any timber license in force
over them at the time of sale, and to any renewal of said license within the term spec-
ified in which authority is given to cut such trees on such lands, and to any license
granted or renewed within the said period of five years to cut the same on lands so
sold; and such trees may be removed from such lands under the authority of such
timber license while lawfully in force; but the purchasers of such lands, or those
claiming under them, may cut and use such trees at all times as may be necessary for
the purpose of building, fencing, and fuel on the lands so purchased, and may also cut
and dispose of all trees required to be removed in actually clearing said land for cul-
tivation, but no trees reserved, except for the necessary building, fencing, and fuel as
aforesaid, shall be cut beyond the limit of such actual clearing before the issue of
patent for such laud; and all reserved trees so cut and disposed of shall be subject to
the same dues as are at the time payable by the holders of licenses to cut timber.
The Order further provides that patents for lands hereafter sold under the "Public
Lands Act" with respect to which the Commissioner of Crown Lands has imposed
the condition of reservation of either the pine or cedar trees, or both, shall not be is-
sued until the expiration of the term herein before mentioned, nor until the required
settlement duties have been fully performed; and in case the settlement duties have
not been performed on such lands at the expiration of the five years, the said lands
shall be further subject to any timber license in which they may be included, granted,
or renewed prior to the completion of settlement duties upon the said lands, and prior
to the evidence of completion of such settlement duties having been filed in the De-
partment of Crown Lands.
[12.] Supply of Lumber for Local Use.
By an Order in Council, dated April 19, 1872, with the view of pro-
moting settlement on lands of the Crown remote from the centers of
traffic, it was provided that the Commissioner of Crown Lands might
withdraw any lots or portion of land he may deem necessary from any
timber license thereafter issued or renewed, for the purpose of furnish-
ing a supply of timber for saw-mills manufacturing or to manufacture
lumber for local consumption; the timber from lands so set apart for
the supply of such saw-mills to be cut and manufactured exclusively for
such local demand, and so disposed of; that any infraction of such con-
dition, directly or indirectly, would be followed in each case by cancel-
lation of authority to cut timber or trees on the lands so set apart for
·
544 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
the purpose mentioned, and that such lands would be restored to the
license from which they were withdrawn. This order was rescinded in
1874, and the following was substituted:
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS,
Toronto, May 11, 1874.
Notice is hereby given that the Order in Council of 19th April, 1872, with respect to
the withdrawal of lots from Crown Timber Licenses for supply of timber to local saw-
mills, has been rescinded, and the following Order and Regulations, passed this date
by His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, substituted therefor:
1st. A local mill, to be entitled to a supply of timber from a holder of limits under
license from the Crown, shall first have been declared by the Commissioner of Crown
Lands entitled to such supply, and must be exclusively employed in the manufacture
of lumber for local demand; that is, for the supply of all settlers who may resort to
it for lumber for their legitimate use on the lands owned or occupied by them.
2d. That it shall be incumbent on license-holders, as aforesaid, to supply with
standing timber such local saw-mill [or mills] as the Commissioner of Crown Lands
may declare entitled thereto, on being notified by the Commissioner that such supply
is required; the timber to be within a reasonable distance of the mill to be supplied,
or of a stream by which it might be conveyed thereto; or, in the event of a license-
holder who has been called upon to furnish a mill with a supply of timber having no
standing timber on his licensed limits within a reasonable distance of such mill, or of
a stream by which the timber might be conveyed thereto, the license-holder shall fur -
nish the required supply at a point to be agreed upon between the mill-owner and the
licensee, or his agent, in logs cut and ready for sawing, the mill-owner to pay to the
license-holder (in addition to the rate hereinafter mentioned as payable for standing
timber), the actual cost of cutting and drawing the logs so furnished.
3d. The price to be paid by the owner of a local saw-mill receiving a supply of
standing timber to the license-holder furnishing the same to be at a rate not exceed-
ing 30 cents per standard log.
4th. All disputes between a local saw-mill owner and a license-holder as to supply
of timber to be decided by the Commissioner of Crown Lands, or any officer of his De-
partment, or other person authorized by him, whose decision in each case shall be
final; any expense incurred in arriving at such decision to be paid by the party
against whom the decision is given.
5th. Should any proprietor of a local saw-mill which has been declared entitled to
receive a supply of timber to be manufactured into lumber for local consumption be
proved to have disposed of the timber so supplied, or of the lumber manufactured
therefrom, in any way, directly or indirectly, other than for the legitimate use of set-
tlers on their lands as aforesaid, the right and authority of the Commissioner of Crown
Lauds to receive such supply shall be cancelled
The applications made by mill-owners under the foregoing order are
examined, and the applicant is either denied the privilege as not needed,
or is allowed to cut annually a quantity of lumber specified in the per-
mit. This quantity may be lessened or increased, as circumstances may
warrant, and the holder of the License of timber lands from which the
timber is to be taken is officially notified of this action, and the amount
of material that he may be called upon to furnish.
In respect to the motives of the above order, and the experience of
the Department in its execution, the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
writing in 1877, says:
The passing of the above Order in Council was found necessary in consequence of
the lands in many districts where settlement had taken place being covered by timber
licenses, and many of the lots settled upon being hard-wood lands, destitute of building
and fencing material, settlers had no means of obtaining suitable timber to meet their
wants, but the regulation was objected to by license-holders, on the ground that their
limits, being subject to the withdrawal of lots, were lessened in marketable value
should at any time circumstances compel them to offer them for sale; and further, it
was found by the Department that it had the effect of encouraging parties to build
saw-mills of a temporary and unsubstantial description, with the object of obtaining
pine lots by which the mills so built acquired a value and were sold to some other
party at a profit, the vendor moving to some other locality to build another mill and
go through the same operation of trading on the public domain and depreciating the
value of the licensee's property. To check this scheme the Order in Council of 19th
April, 1872, was rescinded and an Order in Council passed 11th May, 1874, substituted
therefor. This latter regulation has been found to work well, as none but those in-
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 545.
tending to act in good faith thereunder apply for a supply of timber, and no improper
traffic in licensed lands can arise.¹
[13.] Order in Council of December 2, 1870, in reference to Trespass upon the Public Lands
Notice is hereby given, that an Order in Council was this day made, directing tha.
a tariff of $100 per thousand cubic feet on Square Timber, aud $1.00 per standard Saw
Log of 200 feet board measure, be imposed on any White or Red Pine Timber here
after found to have been cut or manufactured in trespass on any unlicensed, unsold,
or unlocated lands of the Crown, without prejudice to the right to confiscate.
As to its operation the experience has been as follows:
The above was passed with a view to its having a deterrent effect on parties in-
clined to willfully cut timber beyond their limit lines in unsurveyed territory and
also on unsold and unlocated lands of the Crown held eligible to be granted as timber
limits, and it is as well constructively applicable to trespass on lands sold or located,
but for which patent had not been issued; parties offending have been mulcted under
the order and its effect in deterring trespass has been satisfactory.
[14.] Timber Reservations in Free Grants and Homestead Act.
Under this act free grants may be made in certain districts described
The
to actual settlers, such lands not being Pine or Mineral Lands.
applicant must be at least eighteen years of age, and must make an
aidavit that he has not been located on other lands under this act;
that he desires it for settlement and cultivation and for his own benefit,
and that it is not, either directly or indirectly, for the use or benefit of
any other person or persons whomsoever, nor for the purpose of obtain-
ing, possessing, or disposing of any of the pine trees growing or being
on the said land, or any mines or minerals thereon. A patent is not
issued for the lands thus taken up until the end of five years, before
which time the claimant must have under cultivation at least fifteen
acres, at least two of which must have been cleared and cultivated an-
nually for five years. He must have built a house fit for habitation at
least sixteen by twenty feet, and must have actually resided thereon
five years, one month of this time being allowed for location. Absence
not more than six months in one year is not to be held as a cessation of
residence, provided the land is cultivated. The limit allowed to one
person under this act is 200 acres, but where the lands have been sub-
divided into quarter sections or lots, of which the areas average 160 and
320 acres respectively, the quantity granted to a man with children
under eighteen years living with him is 160 acres. The greatest limit
is allowed in case a part of the land is rock, lakes, or swamps, and a
further amount may be purchased not exceeding 160 acres, and subject
to all the reservations of free grants, except as to buildings and actual
residence, at the rate of 50 cents per acre. In townships not subdivided
as above the grant and privilege of further purchase are each usually
limited to 100 acres.
With respect to the rights of those holding Timber Licenses, they
and their servants and agents "are to have the right to haul their tim-
ber or logs over the uncleared portion of any land located as a Free
Grant, or purchased as before provided, and to make such roads thereon
as may be necessary for that purpose, doing no unnecessary damage,
and to use all slides, portages, roads, or other works previously con-
structed or existing on any land so located or sold, and the right of
The supply allowed to a local saw-mill, is based on the report of an employé of the
Department who has been instructed to examine into all the facts and merits of the
case, the number of settlers in the locality who would depend on the mill for a supply
of lumber, and the annual quantity of material required to meet their wants.
35 FOR
546 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
access to and free use of all streams and lakes theretofore used, or that
may be necessary for the passage of timber or logs; and all land neces-
sary for such works is reserved."
By an amendment of the Free Grants and Homestead Act, passed
at the Session of 1880, the following provision is made in relation to
timber reservations:
All pine trees growing or being upon any land located or sold within the limits of
the Free Grant territory after the passing of this Act, and all gold, silver, copper,
lead, iron, or other mines or minerals, shall be considered as reserved from said loca-
cation, and shall be the property of Her Majesty, except that the locatee, or pur-
chaser, or those claiming under them, may cut and use such pine trees as may be
necessary for the purpose of building and fencing on the land so located, and may
also cut and dispose of all trees required to be removed in the actual clearing of said
land for cultivation, but no pine trees (except for the necessary building and fencing
as aforesaid) shall be cut beyond the limit of such actual clearing; and all pine trees
cut in the process of clearing and disposed of shall be subject to the payment of the
same dues as are at the time payable by the holders of licenses to cut timber or saw-logs.
The patents for all lands hereafter located or sold as aforesaid shall contain a reser-
vation of all pine trees standing or being on said lands, which pine trees shall con-
tinue to be the property of Her Majesty; and any person or persons now or hereafter
holding a license to cut timber or saw-logs on such lands may at all times during the
continuance of such license enter upon the uncleared portion of any such lands, and
cut and remove such trees and make all necessary roads for that purpose, and for the
purpose of hauling in supplies, doing no unnecessary damage thereby, but the pat-
entees or those claiming under them may cut and use such trees as may be necessary
for the purpose of building and fencing on the lands so patented, and may also cut
and dispose of all trees required to be removed in actually clearing the said land for
cultivation, but no pine trees (except for the said necessary building and fencing as
aforesaid) shall be cut beyond the limit of such actual clearing; and all pine trees so
cut and disposed of shall be subject to the payment of the same dues as are at the
time payable by the holders of licenses to cut timber or saw-logs.
The patentee, his heirs or assigns, of land hereafter located or sold under the Free
Grants and Homesteads Act and this Act shall be entitled to be paid out of the Con-
solidated Revenue of the Province on all pine trees cut on such land subsequent to the
thirtieth day of April next after the date of the patent, and upon which dues have
been collected by the Crown, the sum of twenty-five cents on each thousand feet,
board measure, of saw-logs, and three dollars on each thousand cubic feet of square
or waney pine timber, and the Lieutenant-Governor in Council is to make regulations
for ascertaining and determining the persons from time to time to receive such pay-
ments and the sums to be paid.
From a misunderstanding of the terms of the above act, some of the
settlers under Free-Grants Act were for a time concerned with regard to
its construction, supposing it to be retroactive instead of prospective in
its operations, but this erroneous understanding was corrected by proper
explanations through the public press. Patents for lands located under
the amendment will contain a clause reserving the pine to the Crown,
and the patentee, his heirs or assigns, will be entitled to be paid out of
the revenue of the Province as specified.
With respect to the law before amendment, the following opinion
was expressed by one whose opportunities for judging entitle his opin-
ions to full confidence:
The arrangement respecting pine under the unamended act of 1868 jeopardized the
interests of the revenue, irritated the settler, embarrassed the lumberer, and had
within it the elements of discord and contention, as well as of trouble to the Depart-
ment in carrying it out.
There was a loss to the revenue by collusion between settlers and licensees, by
which bargains were made that the pine would be left until after issue of patent, and
then cut without being subject to Crown dues, and by fires set out by settlers who
were reckless of the destruction of timber which they had no interest in preserving.
Complaints are continually being made by settlers that licensees entered upon their
lands prior to the expiration of the five years, and cut every pine-tree they could find,
not leaving timber wherewith to erect buildings, &c.
License Lolders, owing to the press of settlement into lards with their timber limits,
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 547
have been forced to cut timber on lots, which, when markets were low, they would
have preferred to have left standing, or else, when the settlement duties were nearly
performed, and the end of the five years from date of location approaching, bargain
with the locatee for the timber to be cut after issue of patent, when they would ac-
quire it at about one-third of what they would have had to pay to the Crown as dues;
or failing such bargain, they would cut every pine tree upon the lands, thus leaving
the settler without timber at a time that he would find it necessary and desirable to
erect a larger dwelling and more extensive out-buildings; the payment to the settler
under the bargain and sale referred to, when such has been entered into, is often un-
reasonably delayed under various pretexts, and frequently never made, owing to dis-
putes between foreman and jobbers and licensees as to who had actually purchased
the timber and was liable for payment.
It is obvious that under the amended act the position of a Free-Grant locatee, as
regards the pine on his land, is greatly improved. He will not be, as heretofore, sub-
jected to a licensec entering upon his lot and cutting every stick of pine upon it, be-
cause his term of right to do so is drawing to a close, and because his lumbering
operations will not again take him to the locality, from which arises the settler's com-
plaint that his lot has been rapaciously stripped of timber, none having been left to
build with. On the contrary, the lumberer, not being pressed to cut within a limited
time, may leave the timber standing for years and a supply be left for the settler's
use for an indefinite period, and the latter having a vested interest in all the pine on
his land, with a certainty of payment of the moiety allowed him under the Act where
it is cut and dues collected, will before and after the issue of patent take care that it
is neither destroyed nor wasted in manufacture, seeing that it is a fixed source of
income to him while it lasts, and the feeling of antagonism between licenseo and
settler will cease to exist.
The lumberer holding a timber license will have the advantage under the amend-
ment that he will not be compelled to cut the pine before the issue of the patent in
order to prevent its passing out of possession, when it would be neither profitable nor
convenient to do so.
The revenue will also be benefited by the amendment, as the inducement to col-
lusive arrangements between settler and lumberer, by which the timber becomes the
absolute property of the latter without the payment of dues to the Crown will have
passed away, and settlers, instead of entering upon their locations and proceeding at
once, as has often been the case heretofore, to cut the pinc upon their lands under the
guise of clearing for cultivation, but really for what they expected to get by selling it,
will commence clearing in proper order and on the most suitable portion of their lots,
leaving standing all the pine possible, knowing that they will in due course realize a
money equivalent for every tree cut under authority of license, subsequent to 30th
April after issue of patent. The pine thus conserved and cared for by the locatee,
instead of being recklessly cut and destroyed as a thing in which he had no legal
interest, will be allowed by him to remain for his own advantage as well as that of
the licensee, while the public treasury will benefit by the quota of dues paid on such
timber.1
[15.] Reservations of Timber under the Mining Act.
The Mining Act of Ontario (January, 1869), contains the following res-
ervation:
The patents for all Crown Lands hereafter to be sold as mining lands shall contain a
reservation of all pine trees standing or being on said lands, which pine trees shall
continue to be the property of Her Majesty ; and any person now or hereafter holding
a license to cut timber or saw-logs on such lands may at all times, during the continu-
ance of such license, enter upon such lands, and cut and remove such trees, and make
all necessary roads for that purpose; but the patentees, or those claiming under them,
may cut and use such trees as may be necessary for the purpose of building, fencing,
and fuel, on the land so patented, or for any other purpose essential to the working of
the mines thereon, and may also cut and dispose of all trees required to be removed in
actually clearing the said land for cultivation; but no pine trees (except for the said
necessary building, fencing, and fuel, or other purposes essential to the working of
the mine), shall be cut beyond the limit of such actual clearing, and all pine trees so
cut and disposed of (except for the said necessary building, fencing, or fuel, or other
purpose aforesaid), shall be subject to the payment of the same dues as are at the time
payable by the holders of licenses to cut timber or saw-logs.
On the 25th of July, 1872, an Order in Council passed a few days pre-
vious was published, in which the absolute right of the pine trees grow-
¹ Peterborough Examiner, April, 1880.
548 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
ing on the unsold lands on the north shore of Lake Superior might be
sold at the rate of fifty cents per acre in addition to the price of one dol-
lar per acre for the lands. Application must be made within six
months, and payment made. If the owners of lands should neglect to
apply for the pine trees within that time, they might be sold to others;
but in case two or more applicants should seek to purchase the same
timber, the sale was to be made to the one who would pay the most
above the fifty cents, as above provided. This order was suspended on
the 20th of May, pending an examination of particular portions of the
Lake Superior Mining Region, and this suspension has not since been re-
moved.
As to the policy that governed this action the following statement is
made:
It is to be remarked that the above order of 1872 was passed on the supposition,
mainly correct, that the pine was inferior in quality, and only to be found in rare and
scattered patches in the mining territory in question, and therefore unfit to be treated
as timber limits, in the general meaning of the term as understood in the Crown Lands
Regulations, and that the withdrawal of the reservation for fifty cents per acre addi-
tional to the price of the land would allow the pine, such as it was, to be manufact-
ured for the use of settlers and for mining purposes.
The additional payment, up to the suspension of the Order in Council, was made on
8,006 acres, realizing $4,003, when it was found that some large groups of valuable
pine were on the eastern portion of the territory covered by the Order in Council,
whereupon the latter was suspended until exploration has been made of the area re-
ferred to, which step has not yet taken place.
The mining act of 1839, as regards timber, was passed with the view of reserving
the pine to the Crown, the latter kind of timber ouly being at the time considered of
commercial value.¹
[16.] Recent increase in Value of other Timber besides Pine.
But in other parts of the Province than that on Lake Superior, since the permeation
of Ontario by railways, and the extension and reconstruction of the same in the
neighboring and even remote sections of the United States, cedar (and other timber)
for ties has so increased in value as to be, in many localities, worth as much as pine.
In consequence, considerable trouble has arisen from the fact that numbers of persous
have purchased, under the mining act, lands within timber limits, the lots so pur-
chased having no pine upon them, but of great value for other timber, as above men-
tioned; the licensees who have paid ground rent for many years on the land so taken
up, when the timber on them was of no commercial importance, naturally object to
others now acquiring the timber which the mining act allows them to cut and dis-
pose of in the process of actual or pretended clearing for cultivation, or for mining
purposes, since they, the licensees, now find that the timber in question is equal in
value, if not more valuable than the pine reserved to them by the 12th section of
the act, which section is endorsed on all mining patents; in this connection the De-
partment, in justice to license holders, has lately found it necessary to have inquiry
made as to the character of the lands for which application has been made 10 pur-
chase, and if sold, for application for patent, and to refuse to sell or issue patent if it
is ascertained that the lands are largely cedar swamps, as is frequently the case,
wholly destitute of minerals and unfit for farming purposes, but valuable only for the
cedar or other timber.
[17.] Timber Agencies.
There are at present three Timber Agencies in this Province, known
as the "Ottawa Agency," the "Belleville Agency," and the “Western
Timber District," and the statistics, of which the summary is given in the
foregoing tables, are reported separately for each. The Crown Timber
Office, at Ottawa, acts for the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and
also for the Dominion Government in the collection of slide-dues. A
similar remark applies to the collector's office at Quebec.
¹ Although not so specified in the Order in Council, it appears from the form pre-
pared in conveying titles, that the region to which this regulation applied was that
part north of Lake Superior and west of the eighty-fourth meridian of west longitude.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 549
[18.] Foreign Timber Trade.
The statistics of exportation given in previous pages of this Report,
show that, with the exception of a very small fraction of one per cent.,
the whole of the foreign exportation of forest products from this Prov-
ince has been to the United States. From the years 1869 to 1876, inclu-
sive, the United States received the whole thus exported; in 1877 and
1878 the proportion was 99.9 per cent., and in 1879 it was 99.8 per cent.
This result, due chiefly to the inland location of the Province, and the
inducements of trade along a well settled frontier of immeuse extent,
having many populous cities along the boundary, and numerous routes
of transportation leading inland to American markets, is, perhaps, the
natural effect of these circumstances. It has evidently been brought
about without the slightest forethought, as a matter of policy, further
than the pecuniary interests of those concerned may have operated, and
wholly without concert, beyond such as might have reference to an in-
fluence upon prices.
In view of the benefits to be derived from the manufacture of lumber
within the Province into the forms desired for use, the Commissioner of
Crown Lands, in 1877, in a communication to the then Premier of Que-
bec, already mentioned, said:
This Department has long been deeply impressed with the fact that timber, espe-
cially pine, should not be exported from the country in the "log" or "stick," but
should, as far as practicable, be manufactured at our saw-mills, and furnished to
customers abroad in such shape and dimensions as they might require, by which a
large quantity of valuable timber, now wasted in getting out square pine, would be
saved and added to the national wealth of the country, not to speak of the increased
labor employed at the saw-mills in the production of the prepared article of lumber,
and the money in consequence retained and spent in the provinces of Ontario and
Quebec, which may be said to be the only exporters in the Dominion of square pine.
With the object of being in a position to convince licensees who manufacture pine
in the "log" or "stick" for export, that it would be to their individual, as well as
the public, interest to abandon the trade, an officer of this Department was author-
ized, when lately in Britain, to visit the principal ports where pine, in the shape re-
ferred to, is imported, and to make investigation and inquiry on the spot as to the
feasibility of the introduction of the article into that country in a manufactured state,
instead of in the stick or log, and thereby be enabled to place the matter in such a light
before parties engaged in the square-pine trade that they would see the propriety of build-
ing saw-mills adapted for cutting log or specification stuff, as well as the usual stock
lumber, for the United States market, or of taking out saw-logs from their limits and
selling them to those who have such mills, or selling permission to mill-owners to cut
upon their limits; the result of the inquiry, however, has not been such as to war-
rant the taking immediate steps in the desired direction, nor would it be practicable
for Ontario to inaugurate a policy on the subject without the co-operation of the Prov-
ince of Quebec, the joint action of both provinces probably requiring aid by legisla-
tion in the Dominion Parliament with respect to export duty.
Again recurring to this subject, the Commissioner, in his Report for
1879, after speaking of an encouraging revival in the lumber business
during the year, following a long period of depression, says:
With reference to sawn lumber, I would call the attention of Canadian mill-owners
to a transaction which, in my opinion, should be both interesting and suggestive to
them, inasmuch as it points to the opening up of a new outlet for the product of their
mills, and at the same time an escape from the duty of $2 per thousand feet, which
meets them on shipments to the United States, and renders it almost, if not altogether,
impossible for them to compete with lumber from Michigan, especially when prices in
the foreign market are low. I allude to the fact that a shipment of inch-and-a-quarter
sawn lumber was lately made direct from the mills at Ottawa, via the Montreal, Ot-
tawa and Occidental and North Shore Railways to Quebec, to be laden aboard a
vessel for Glasgow. The transaction referred to, so far as the dealers in Ottawa are
concerned, was not one of speculation, but an outright purchase at the lumber yards
by the shippers. The prices realized on delivery at the yards at Ottawa were as
follows: one inch "shipping culls," $6 to $8 per M.; "log-run sidings," one inch, $9
550 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
per M.; a lot of one inch and one-and-a-quarter stuff (not classed) from $8.50 to $15
per M.; the total forwarded to Quebec being 451,407 feet, board measure; the
vessel having a carrying capacity of 480,000 feet board measure-that is, equal to
800 loads of fifty cubic feet, or 1,000 tons of forty cubic feet of square measure. The
rate of freight across the Atlantic has not been ascertained, nor the rate by rail from
Ottawa to Quebec. The former is generally arranged by charter party in Britain, and
is fluctuating; the rate by rail is understood to have been very favorable to the ship-
pers; but as the two railway lines mentioned are expected soon to be amalgamated, and
the shipment being one of a new and unusual character, which in the near future may
assume large proportions, there was a reluctance to disclose the terms of transport.
Hitherto the produce of Canadian saw-mills shipped to Europe has been in the
shape of deals only, for the manufacture of which none but the very best of pine is
brought into requisition, as the article is used on the other side of the Atlantic for
fine finishing in buildings, for which purpose the deals are cut up at saw-mills into vari-
ous thicknesses and dimensions after they reach the old country. The class of timber
used in Canada for the manufacture of deals is not to be found in Europe, and can
meet with no competition in transatlantic ports, except from the United States,
notably by deals from Michigan. The Baltic ports supply no pine of a texture fine
enough for the uses to which American pine is applied. Under the circumstances
the shipment of inch lumber from Ottawa to Glasgow direct has an important signifi-
cance, and it is hoped it may lead to such a change in the wood trade between this
country and Europe as will not only result in profit to those engaged in it, but at
the same time enhance the value of the pine forests in the lumber-producing provinces
of the Dominion, to which reference is made farther on in connection with the square-
timber trade.
The penetration of railways into the remote part of the country, as it proceeds, will
mark a revolutionary era in the timber trade. Already, where timber limits
worked upon are remote, the project has been entertained at Ottawa of moving their
mills from where they are now situated in the vicinity of the city to localities nearer to
the source of timber supply-a step which would do away with the tedious and expen-
sive process of bringing the saw-logs by water to the chaudière, an operation which,
owing to the falling off of the volume of water in the streams, in many cases extends
into the second year, and sometimes even to the third year after they have been cut
in the woods, before they reach the point of manufacture, during which time the
owner of the logs not only suffers the loss of interest on the capital invested in the
timber so delayed, but he also frequently sustains great loss of valuable timber in the
course of transit.
The Canada Central Railway has already brought lumber from the mills at Pem-
broke, which before the advent of that road would have been limited to the uncer-
tainty of a local market, or otherwise the logs from which the lumber was produced
subjected to the delay and expense of being taken to the saw-mills at Ottawa, or even
farther down the river, as price or demand for the timber might render necessary or
advisable.
When the Canada Central Railway reaches the vicinity of Lake Nipissing, and the
proposed Ontario Pacific junction from Gravenhurst has been built, saw-mills will, no
doubt, be erected on the lake, at which timber, now locked up for the want of means
of taking in supplies and the absence of a practicable outlet, will be manufactured
into sawn lumber, and speedily transported by either of the lines to points from which
it can be shipped to Canadian or foreign markets. The only outlet at present for the
extensive region referred to, is by River Wahanapitae and French River, the former
entering the latter at a short distance above where it empties into the Georgian Bay.
No timber has been brought from the upper waters of the Wahanapitae, and the only
venture of taking timber down Frenchi River was last winter, when some square
pine was brought from South Bay, then rafted to Wanhashene and taken from
thence by the Midland Railway to Port Hope, and finally by water to Quebec. Tho
same party who brought down the square timber last year, it is understood, has en-
tered into a contract with the Maganetawan Lumber Company to cut at South Bay,
Lake Nipissing, a large quantity of saw-logs to be taken down French River, and de-
livered in spring at Byng Inlet, to be there manufactured into lumber.
[19.] Timber on private lands.
The statistics reported with respect to the Woods and Forests of On-
tario, by the Commissioner of Crown Lands, are not to be received as a
statement of the total production of the Province. These reports show
only the quantities upon which dues have been collected during the
year, no record being kept of the amount of timber cut on private lands
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 551
or on unlicensed lands sold or located, unless cut on the latter in tres.
pass.
In 1872 circulars were sent by the Department to all known saw-mill
owners in the Province asking for returns of the quantities of lumber
sawn at their mills in the years 1866 to 1871 inclusive. According to
returns received, the sawn lumber produced in 1871 was 531,000,000 of
feet, board measure, to which is to be added for square timber from On-
tario, say 100,000,000 feet, making a total of 651,000,000 feet, board
measure. The estimated production of 1872, including square pine, was
750,000,000 feet, board measure. Since then the production, at least of
sawn lumber, has fallen off. In all cases, as regards the latter, it is cal-
culated that 85 to 873 per cent. is exported, the rest being consumed in
the country.*
[20.] Re-stocking with Trees.
Upon this subject the Commissioner of Crown Lands, writing in 1877,
says:
With regard to restocking lands in this Province which have become denuded of
trees, it may be broadly stated that there is no part of Ontario in a condition requir-
ing the replanting of trees to replace those removed, either in the process of clearing
for farming purposes or in the course of lumbering operations. Even in the section of
the country south and west of a line drawn directly west from the city of Hamilton,
at the head of Lake Ontario, to the shore of Lake Huron, formerly known as the
"Peninsula of Canada West," and the district around the Bay of Quinté, cast of To-
ronto, the earliest settled localities in the province, the lands have not been denuded
of timber growth, a prudent foresight having dictated to the settlers the necessity and
advantage of leaving a portion of their farms covered by the forest trees for future use
in the many ways in which they can be utilized.
The only replanting found necessary so far is in the "Peninsula of Canada West,"
and that only to a limited extent, where large fields on farms on high level ground are
subject to have the snow drifted off them by the strong winds in winter, and the fall-
sown wheat thereby exposed to damage by frost. In such cases farmers have been in
the habit, for some years past, of planting out around their fields young pines, cedars,
etc., for the purpose of retaining the snow, and the department has placed guardians
over localities where such young growths are abundant, so that the supply may be
maintained and furnished at such nominal charge as will cover expense of protecting
the young trees for the purpose mentioned.
The practice of planting for shelter will doubtless be continued whero required, not
only in the locality referred to, but in other parts of the country, as the forest trees
are removed, so that in process of time fields will be surrounded and farms interspersed
by a new arborial growth such as is to be seen in Britain and on the continent of
Europe.
The greater portion of Ontario may be characterized as primeval forest, which pre-
serves the rivers at their sources, and maintains during their course the full volume
of water supplied to them in spring by the melting of the winter snow and tributary
streams, and are kept in full flow with few exceptions by the summer and autumn
rains.
Application was made three years ago to Professor Kingston, of the Observatory in
Toronto, for information as to rainfall, and any observations which might have been
made in his Department as to climatic change consequent on cutting down forest trees
in the process of clearing land for cultivation or for merchantable purposes, but it
was found that no data was on record on which to base observations on the subject.
Professor Kingston stated that observations as to rain and snow fall at Toronto had
been recorded for thirty-three years, but he adds: "To give a satisfactory reply we
should possess at several representative points, not remote from the regions where
* In an article published in the Toronto Mail purporting to give the exportation
from the Province of Ontario to the United States during the year ending September
30, 1876, the amount is given as 2,409,000,000 feet and the value as $2,652,000.* It was
afterwards admitted by the author of this article that a blunder had been committed.
It is evident that the amount is greatly exaggerated, and the statement is here noticed
simply to guard any one from being misled by it. Assuming the lumber to be worth
$10 per 1,000 feet, the sum mentioned would represent 265,000,000 feet- a reasona-
ble approximation to the truth-instead of 2,409,000,000, as stated.
552
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
great changes have occurred in the extent of forests, records of rainfall before, during,
and after the progressive removal of the forests, which unfortunately do not exist.
Toronto being on the border of a great lake, remote from forest districts, is decidedly
exceptional. At any rate, observations at only one place cannot be regarded as ade-
quate to the solution of the question.
It is known of course that on the continent of Europe where the forests are in the
hands of government (as they are in Ontario), the cutting down of trees on the
Crown domain is rigidly regulated and restricted, and a system of yearly replanting
closely adhered to; and that the same practice is also followed in Britain, where the
forests are principally in the hands of private individuals; but in those countries the
population may be said to be at a maximum, and is maintained at that point by
natural increase only, and no intrenchment on the forest lands necessary, whereas the
Canadian Provinces have in addition to such increase a vast yearly influx of immi-
gration pressing into the lands of the Crown, before which the forests must in the
nean time yield, whatever steps may be deemed necessary to restore them in the some-
what remote future.
TIMBER STATISTICS OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
[1.] Timber Revenues.
Timber reve-
nue.
Revenue of
Crown Lands
Department.
Average yearly revenue-10 years ending in 1866
Largest revenue in any of these years.
Revenue in—
1867...
1868
1869..
1870...
1871..
1872
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877..
1878.
1879...
1 Gross receipts.
$150,935 00
197,093 00
152, 266 00
234, 209 00
435, 397 81
425, 901 07
453,403 20
903,952 19
643, 637 56
503, 004 42
289,294 30
1$853, 772 77
1731,772 56
1869, 585 36
11, 696, 148 53
11, 121, 264 46
1890, 676 43
2383, 011 84
437, 998 77
2521, 214 41
426, 556 67
2514, 469 46
284, 816 62
2348, 156 37
332, 014 47
2378, 746 02
2 Receipts considered as revenue.
The statistics of this and the following tables, it will be remembered, include only
the returns from the Crown lands. There are other extensive lumbering operations
upon private lands, of which no return is made, and no estimates can be procured
further than as stated on a preceding page. This fact should be borne in mind in
order to prevent misunderstanding of the value of the tables in this report relating to
timber and lumber from the public lands.
[2.] Area of Lands under Timber License in the Province of Ontario.

1867..
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872...
1873...
Years.
Square Miles.
13, 465
1874...
11, 584
1875.
12, 066
1876..
12, 005
1877..
12, 5344
1878...
12, 538
1879...
14, 545
Years.
Square miles.
16, 259
17, 049
14, 981
16, 132
16, 005
16, 084
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
553.
[3.] Details of Revenue from Timber on Crown Lands in the Province of Ontario.

Years.
Trespass, &c. Timber Dues. Ground Rent. Bonuses.
Total.
18071
1868
$3,553 55
13, 964 65
1869.
23, 666 99
1870.
17, 021 56
$79,519 38
144, 341 81
425,773 35
328, 258 49
$21, 821 24
17, 056 22
25, 686 41
24,883 08
$104, 894 17
$14,874 75
1871..
13, 506 47
413, 225 29
26, 250 50
1872..
33, 435 10
9,802 00
117,900 00
15, 883 39
615, 156 02
26, 448 00
1873
19, 367 87
511, 735 43
34, 603 03
1874.
19,882 45
363,926 19
33, 583 50
1875.
-
8, 176 68
338, 192 66
32, 670 27
1, 668 50
3,019 00
16 00
412 00
190, 237 66
508, 561 85
379,965 13
570, 882 29
659, 155 91
508, 735 33
417,408 14
379, 451 61
1876.
8, 079 39
316, 526 45
32, 186 14
5,606 08
1877..
362, 898 06
8,025 76
292, 222 72
34,098 50
74,993 81
1878..
409, 340 79
7,619 42
236, 836 61
34,433 00
1879.
14,420 73
293,309 76
10,827 34
284, 330 22
32,055 50
14, 681 63
342,894 69
1 Half-year ending June 30, 1867.
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands in the Province of Ontario, under Tim-
ber Licenses, since 1867.
(A.) SPECIFIED BY KIND OF TIMBER.

Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
4
139
163
137
176
158
103
306
1. ASH. (See 2.)
Feet.
18671
19
1868
143
6,778
1869
963
41, 562
826
6. BIRCH, CEDAR, HEM-
LOCK, AND Spruce.
1870
866
36, 887
1871
72
1,417, 1874
1872
341
13, 249
1874
1875
1,768
1,000
62, 473 7. BIRCH, HEMLOCK, AND
36, 561
1876.
215
8, 777
1877
643
28, 230
1874
1878
72
3, 058
1879
58
2,571
2. ASH AND ELM.
1867 1
1870
1873
1, 919
86, 050
1875
3. BASSWOOD.
18671
9. CEDAR.2 (See 6, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 24,)
1868
1869
1870
1871
·
1872
•
1873
1874 ..
Feet.
524
14, 156
SPRUCE.
1, 171
38, 737
8. BUTTERNUT. (See 19.)
26
4, 619
240
200
249
6, 441
18671
30
8, 086
1869
808
360
21,796
6, 033
1870..
9, 501
1872
32
621
547
3, 390
6, 098
1×75
40
120
4, 529
1877
1, 635
10, 829
1875
456
17, 100
10. CEDAR2-(16 feet).
1876
106
4, 446
Inches.
1877 ..
135
3,867
1876
10, 407
1878.
166, 512
13
553
1877
36, 502
268, 361
1878
8, 472
4. BEECH.
1879
17, 995
66,269
197, 713
1870
1876.
~~
7
3
202 11. CEDAR POSTS.2 (See
54
12.)
5. BIRCH.
1869
1872
18671
1,031
20, 977
1873
1868
7
210
1876
1869
Cords.
35
297
1, 459
1, 004
6
191
1870..
51
1, 803
1871.
3
1872
12. CEDAR POSTS AND
RAILS.2 (See 11.)
28
952
1876
20
486 18671
1877..
1
30 1871
6, 432
10, 120
¹Half year ending June 30, 1867.
2 Cedar is reported in various ways; sometimes by the lineal foot, and in other cases the number of
pieces is given, with the diameter at the smaller end. The lineal feet are valued at so much a foot, and
The inches in the other case added together and reduced at so much an inch, and 15 per cent, ad valorem
charged as crown dues. Long cedar is returned by the cord.
. 554
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands, &c.—Continued.
(A.) SPECIFIED BY KIND OF TIMBER-Continued.

Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
13. CEDAR RAILS. (See
12.)
Cords.
1868
1869
1870
1872.
11, 700
24. MAPLE, CHERRY,
SPRUCE, AND CEDAR.
23, 500
Feet.
1871.
615
300
12, 087
4,000
25. OAK.
18671
14. CEDAR2-(ROUND.)
177
1868
Feet.
1,002
7,090
65, 457
1870
1869
1875
23, 704
1,095
112, 276
1870.
1876
6, 128
583
26, 566
1871..
1877
27,544
583
1872
33, 148
638
1878
1873
31, 562
480
573
22, 723
1879
1874
91, 277
1, 201
42, 426
1875
862
15. CHERRY. (See 24.)
26, 275
1876
108
1869
1877
9
3,706
1870
318
1878
142
8
291
5, 074
1874
1879
8
110
1875
4, 607
154
6, 423
26. PINE (RED).
16. CHESTNUT.
18671
5, 894
288, 982
1869
1868
18, 822
7
788, 535
346
1869
59, 623
2, 386, 915
1870
17. ELM.
40, 404
1, 460, 548
18671
1871
228
35, 499
1868
11, 631
1, 335, 763
1872
891
1869
34, 314
16, 380
631, 735
1873
4,729
35, 273
1, 280, 191
1870
205, 021
1874
68, 617
3,257
1871
34, 706
2,496, 309
1875
29, 180
810
1, 089, 833
33, 096
1872
1876
32, 040
724
1874
35, 576
1, 148, 581
1877
5, 137
22,822
1875
225, 696
897, 068
1878.
25, 425
3,995
969, 601
1876
95, 905
1879..
16, 213
291
1877
12, 339
628, 211
602
1878
19, 986
27. PINE (WHITE). (See
3
156
1879
28.)
30
1,477
18671
15, 293
1, 001, 863
18. HEMLOCK. (See 6, 7,
1808
85, 212
5, 277, 786
1869
19, 20.)
177, 753
9, 973, 965
1870
1870
124, 767
6, 718, 001
142
1872
5,790
1871
179, 003
10, 172, 307
63
1875
2, 986
1872
108, 946
6, 328, 647
96
1876
4, 299
1873
123, 636
6, 977, 470
403
1877
11, 986
1874
103, 487
264
5,795, 723
1878
4,005
1875
105, 833
26
5, 671, 491
1879
1,059
1876
154, 003
146
6, 686
8, 551, 049
1877.
158, 799
8, 668, 249
19. HEMLOCK, WHITE-
WOOD, AND BUTTERNUT.
1878
79, 242
4, 303, 791
1879
34, 766
1, 870, 653
1871
28. PINE (WHITE: SAW-
887
30, 684
LOGS) 5 (See 27.)
20. HICKORY. (See 23.)
1867 1
1876 ...
1868
70
1,820
1869
Standards.
687, 648
885,076
1,875, 974
21. MAPLE. (See 22, 23, 24.)
1870
1871
18671
1
19
1872
1839
1, 430, 666
1, 656, 359
1,284, 047
2
86
1873
1870
2, 481, 405
51
1872
1,603
1874
2,086, 480
1,581, 662
450
18783
15, 452
1875
2,019, 123
1875
1876
427
1, 630, 007
126
1876
1, 595, 942
1, 142, 553
75
1877
1, 493, 866
1, 043, 836
242
1878
1, 576, 550
1, 089, 376
1879
22. MAPLE AND BUTTER-
2, 265, 333
1, 614, 080
NUT.
1874
·
29. SPRUCE.
Feet.
48
1, 783
1807 1
151, 5533
1868
23 MAPLE AND HICKORY,
14
1870
7
294
435
1872
1868
2
30
3
127 1875
20
936
'Half year ending June 30, 1867.
2 Cedar is reported in various ways: sometimes by the lineal foot, and in other cases the number of
pieces is given, with the diameter at the smaller end. The lincal feet are valued at so much a foot, and
the inches in the other case added together and reduced at so much an inch, and 15 per cent. ad valorem
charged as crown dues. Long cedar is returned by the cord.
3 Spruce saw-logs.
4Spruce and hemlock.
"Saw-logs entered in pieces and standards of 200 feet board measure.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 555
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands, &c.-Continued.
(A.) SPECIFIED BY KIND OF TIMBER-Continued.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantities.
Years.
30. TAMARACK.
Feet.
1878.
1867 1
347
8,827
1879
1868
236
8,741
1869
770
21, 520
1870
-
716
21, 529
31. WHITEWOOD. (See 19.)
1871
939
27,608
1872
277
8, 087
1870
1873
163
3, 118
1874.
1874
•
947
29, 543
1875
377
12, 622
32. OTHER Woods.
1876
-
101
3,542
1877
207
7,094
1873 ..
Pieces.
Quantities
Feet.
59
6
2, 161
234
1
113
29
11, 762
476
20, 686
(B.) SPECIFIED BY THE USES TO WHICH TIMBER IS APPLIED.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity,
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Cords.
365
259
1. BINDERS.
1870..
2,807
1878..
1879..
1871..
737
1876..
1,000
8. CORD-WOOD (SOFT.)
1878..
1,805
18671
2. BOLTS. (See 3, 15.)
1868
Cords.
1869..
1874..
1875...
1876.
162
1870...
59
1871
439
1872
1873
3. BOLTS AND PICKETS.
1874.
1875.
1871.
1, 8841 1876.
1877
4. BOOM AND DIMENSION
1878
TIMBERS.
(See 5, 6.)
J
1879..
Standards.
1875...
53, 820
76. 124
9. FENCE RAILS.
1876.
36, 285
44, 3.52
1877.
22,686
30, 017
1878.
25.772
32, 973
1874.
1876
8. 124
300
1879.
33, 291
50, 420
10. FLOATS.
5. BOOM TIMBERS. (See
4, 6.)
1870..
1, 394
Feet.
1872.
181
1870..
10, 863
1873..
141
1872
45, 569
1,049, 584
1876..
196
1873
19, 855
32,398
1874..
115
1,950
11. Hop POLES.
Standards.
1874..
36, 891
43, 897
18671
16, 221
1868.
6. BOOM TIMBERS AND
FLOATS.
1,500
1877.
1, 913
Feet.
18671
1868
1869...
1871...
12. HUBS (Oak).
145
1,487
1868...
3,767
30, 362
957, 016
13. KNEES.
7. CORD-WOOD (HARD).
18671
Cords.
1868.
18671
1868
1869.
1870...
1871.
2,732
469
363
132
14. LATH.
830
62
18671
420
1872...
156
15. OAR LOGS.2
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877..
58
150
1872..
101
1873
17, 688
12, 412
420
1874
9, 275
151
1, 279
4521
932
712
637
2, 047
2, 687
596
1, 730
595
628
35
400
t
132
¹ Half year ending June 30, 1867.
2Oar logs are of Red Pine, and are used for propelling rafts. They are not measured, but are charged
at so much apiece.
556
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
(4.) Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands, &c.—Continued.
(B.) SPECIFIED BY THE USES TO WHICH TIMBER IS APPLIED-Continued.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces. Quantity.
Cords.
1875.
Cords.
5,777
1876.
8, 580
1870..
1876.
1877
223
21
73
1878..
7,433
5, 255
27. SPARS.
Feet.
1879...
613
1873.
1875.
-
13
1,335
15
16. OARS.
1,037
Pairs.
1877..
2
18671
1868..
17
25
28. STAVES (STANDARD).
17. OTHER CORDS (BE-
SIDES FIREWOOD AND
LATH).
18671.
1868..
1869..
Cords.
1870.
18671..
18. PILES.
1872.
1877
800
419
19. POSTS.
1871.
1874.
1875.
1878
1879
720
1871.
1872.
1873..
1876
1877..
4, 902
1, 303
5,363
14,592
8,684
5,757
3,870
1, 159
65
29. STAVES (WEST INDIA).
20. POSTS AND BOLTS.
1877
1879.
•
35
268
18671
30
1868...
283
1869.
1, 194
1870.
1871.
1872..
1873.
1, 103
1876..
22, 427
1877..
5,551
206, 727
106, 154
56, 536
5, 287
19, 375
5, 598
19, 041
21, 000
21. SAW-LOGS (OTHER THAN
WHITE PINE).
30. STAVE BOLTS.
1873....
1867¹.
1868
1869
1870
1871.
1872
1873..
-
1874...
1875.
1876
1877
1878.
1879
Cords.
222
81,033
2, 219
2, 149
,599
31. TELEGRAPH POLES.
1870..
•
4, 921
15, 450
1872.
-
1873.
7, 463
1874.
-
Standards.
1877..
16, 495
9, 053
1878..
7, 611
3, 406
1879..
2,520
570
218
293
107
75
1,358
8, 530
3, 381
4,280
2,714
3, 667
1, 924
32. TRAVERSES (RAILWAY
TIES).
9, 017
4, 521
18671
22. SCAFFOLD POLES.
1868...
4, 573
309, 081
1869...
1872
9, 953
300
1870
35, 846
1871..
66, 537
23. SHINGLES.
1872
96, 802
1873
1867¹
23, 206
25,000
1874...
1868...
77, 515
372,000
1875
467
1869...
166, 000
1876.
7,916
1877.
24. SHINGLE Bolts.
23, 439
1878...
10, 416
Cords.
1879.
1878
18, 205
283
33. WHARF Timbers.
25. SHINGLE AND STAVE
Feet.
BOLTS.
1872
355
7,323
1873.
354
1868..
1, 138
1876...
1869.
8, 851
1, 926
6613
1870.
8355
34. BARK.
1872...
5, 671
Cords.
18671
26. SHIP KNEES.
1871.
471
12
1873..
105
1869.
34
1877...
186 :
Half year ending June 30, 1867.
2Specified as "Shingle Bolts.'
3 Other than White Pine and Spruce.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
557
(c.) CROWN LANDS OF QUEBEC.-Upon the organization of a Land
Department in this Province, under an act assented to April 5, 1869, the
Department for the management and sale of the Public Lands and forests
was placed under the care of a Commissioner of Crown Lands. The de-
partment and office of the Surveyor-General of the late Province of
Canada, in so far as regarded the exercise and performance of the pow-
ers and duties thereof, was consolidated with the Crown Lands Depart-
ment, and an Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands was to be appointed
for discharging the duties of the office in case of a vacancy. The De-
partment was required to report annually to the Legislature, and provis-
ion was made in detail for the management of its affairs.
By Regulations, revised October 5, 1868, and still in force, it was no
longer permitted to cut on Crown Lands, any pine trees measuring less
than 12 inches in diameter at the stump. Licenses to cut timber were
to be offered for sale at public auction to be held at certain dates to be
fixed by the Commissioner of Crown Lands; but that officer had power,
whenever he might think it advisable in the interest of the Government,
to grant limits by private sale, and to settle the amount of bonus to be
paid for the same according to their relative value, subject in other re-
spects to general Timber Regulations.
Besides the bonus bid at auction, a ground rent of $2 per square mile
was charged whether occupied or not. All licenses for limits or timber
berths were renewable annually till April 30, 1889, the Government re-
serving the power of changing once during that period the tariff of dues
for cutting timber, but not, however, before the 1st of September, 1878.
The grantees of all old and new Licenses were bound to hold the same,
and pay therefor the annual ground rent imposed by these Regulations,
until the said 30th of April, 1889. But in cases of total or partial loss in
value of a Limit, whether by fire, by the extending of settlement, or other
causes, the Commissioner of Crown Lands had discretionary power to
annul the License, in whole or in part. He also had discretionary power
to refuse to renew any License in the case of contravention of the Regu
lations.
Excepting the first transfer made of limits granted before the 10th of
January, 1868, a uniform bonus of $8 per square mile was to be exacted
in all cases of transfer by the grantee of his License. In cases where the
License holder should take in one or more partners the same bonus was
payable, less the proportion of it compared to the share retained by him.
Limits granted without a bonus were to be subject to a bonus of $8 per
square mile in cases of transfers, and in proportion if a part only were
transferred, or if the License holder took in one or more partners with
him.
The following Regulations give the details in respect to official man.
agement of the Timber interests upon the Public Lands of this Province.¹
Timber cut in either Ontario or Quebec is also subject to the following provisions
contained in the Regulations of June 13, 1866, passed by the late Province of Canada:
Before moving any raft or parcel of Timber, Lumber, or Saw-logs from the agency in
which it has been cut, the owner or person in charge thereof shall make report thereof
to the Crown Timber Agent, making, if required, declaration upon oath, as to the num-
ber of pieces of each kind of wood contained therein, and the number of cribs; and to
exempt Timber from private land, if any, from dues as Crown Timber, must furnish
satisfactory affidavit stating what lots it was cnt upon and how much on each lot,
whereupon he shall obtain a Clearance from the Crown Timber Agent stating the num-
ber of pieces in the raft or parcel, how many, if any, have been satisfactorily proved
to be from private lands, and on how many, if any, the dues have been previously or
then paid. On the arrival of any such raft or parcel at Quebec or any intermediate place
or other port for sale or shipment, the owner or holder of it shall make report thereof
to the Collector of Crown Timber Dues, Supervisor of Cullers, or other appointed officer
558
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
[1.] Regulations respecting the sale and management of Timber on Crown Lands, approved by
His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, on the 17th February, 1874.
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN Lands.
Quebec, February 27, 1874.
Whereas by an Act of Parliament of the Province, passed on the 24th December,
1872, entitled "An Act to make further provisions respecting the sale of Woods and
Forests," it has been enacted that-
"From and after the passage of this Act, all the timber limits comprised within the
unoccupied territory of the Crown, belonging to this Province, shall be sold by public
auction;
"These sales, which shall be conducted by an officer of the Crown Land Department
or any other person who shall to that end receive instructions from the Commissioner
of Crown Lands, shall be held every year, ¹at the place and in the manner specified in
the notice which shall be given in the Official Gazette, and in the newspapers to that
end specified by an Order in Council, and which notice shall be published for at least
two months previous to the day of sale;
"Such notice shall contain a description of the limits to be sold, their situation,
and the upset price fixed for each, after they shall have been explored and valued ap-
proximately by the department, and there shall also be deposited in the Crown Land
Department or in the office of the timber agent for the locality in which such sale is
to take place, a plan of the territory in which such limits and those adjoining them
are situated; and such plan shall remain open to public inspection during the whole
period which elapses between the publication of the notice and the day fixed for the
sale"; and
Whereas it has been found expedient, conformably to the said act, to the Act 32
Victoria, cap. XII and to the 23d chapter of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, to
revise the regulations now in force, His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor in Council
has been pleased to order, and it is ordered, that all former regulations respecting the
management of Woods and Forests in this Province, be repealed and that the following
regulations be substituted in lieu thereof, to wit:
1. All old and new licenses for limits or timber berths sold anterior to the passing of
the Act 36 Vic., cap. 9, and conformably to the said Act, shall be renewable annually
for a period extending to 30th April, 1889, Government reserving its power of chang-
ing once during that period the tariff of dues for cutting timber, but not however, be-
fore September 1, 1878.
2. The grantees of all old and new limits shall be bound to hold the same, and to
pay therefor the annual ground rent imposed by the present regulations, until the
said April 30, 1:89. But in cases of total or partial loss in value of a limit, whether
by fire, by the extending of settlement, or other causes, the Commissioner of Crown
Lands shall have the discretionary power of annulling the license in whole or in part.
He shall also have the discretionary power of refusing to renew any license in the case
of contravention of the regulations.
3. Newly acquired licenses and renewals of licenses shall be subject to a yearly ground
rent of $2 each superficial mile of area included within their limits; but in computing
the ground rent no license shall be charged at less than eight miles of area. No claim
for reimbursement of ground rent over-calculated to be entertained after the issue of
license.
4. In all cases of transfer of limits they will be subject to the payment of $8 per
square mile for each limit, and in proportion if a part only is transferred, or if the
license holder takes in one or more partners with him; excepting, however, that the
first transfer made of timber berths granted before the 10th of January, 1868, will not
be subject to the payment of the said bonus of $8 per square mile.
within forty-eight hours, and in addition to the quantity shown by the Clearance as
subject to dues, any surplus Timber beyond the number of pieces stated therein, on
being ascertained by the Collector of Crown Timber Dues, Supervisor of Cullers, or other
authorized officer, if not satisfactorily accounted for, and shall be held as having been
cut upon Crown Lands, and be subject to the payment of dues accordingly.
Under an act assented to December 27, 1875, the obligation of annual sale of tim-
ber limits was released, and it was made lawful for the Lieutenant Governor in Coun-
cil, upon the recommendation of the Commissioner of Crown Lands to set aside cer-
tain portions of the forest lands of the Crown vacant at the time, to remain forest.
The third Section contains the germ of a system that may grow into an important
branch of the government, and is as follows:
"3. The territories so set apart shall be reserved for the production and sale of timber,
and shall be worked and managed, and the timber thereon be cut, as shall be ordered from
time to time, by regulations made by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council."
All timber cut upon such reserves is to be sold at auction.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
559
5. All timber licenses are to expire on the 30th of April following the date of their
issuc, and are renewable on the 1st day of May to the 5th day of December of the
same year.
6. License holders who shall have duly complied with the present regulations shall
be entitled to renewals of their licenses, provided they shall have made and delivered
to the crown timber agent of the locality, before the 30th day of September, or such
prior date in any locality as the Commissioner of Crown Lands may fix, sworn state-
ments of the number and description of pieces of timber and saw logs cut by them-
selves or by others to their knowledge upon each of the berths held by them during
the previous season, and shall have paid on or before the 30th November the dnes
chargeable thereon; and shall have also paid to the crown, on or before the 5th
day of December following, the ground rent payable for renewal of their licenses for
the ensuing season, together with any transfer bonus, should any transfer have taken
place, but should they fail to comply with these conditions in respect to any berths
held by them, such berths shall thereby become vacant and the right to license there-
for forfeited, and they shall be sold at public auction, excepting that if double the
ground rent be paid for omitting to furnish the statement above-mentioned, and pay-
ment be made before the day of sale with 10 per cent. in addition for each month of
the delay in payment, the berth may be relicensed to the former holder.
7. On all mineral lands sold or patented after the 17th day of February, 1874, com-
prised within the territory now under license, limit holders may in virtue of said
licenses retain the privilege of cutting the merchantable Pine and Spruce timber grow-
ing thereon; but these permits shall finally expire after a period of three years from
the date of issue of Letters patent for such lands.
8. All timber cut under license to be subject to the following tariff of timber dues,
viz:
Oak and Walnut per cubic foot
Maple, Elm, Ash, and Tamarac
$0 03
02
Red and White Pine, Birch, Basswood, Cedar, Spruce, and other square timber.
Pine logs 133 feet long, measuring 17 inches or more in least diameter, cach…...
Pine logs 133 feet long, measuring less than 17 inches in least diameter, each..
Spruce logs 133 feet long, each
011
15
10
05
Staves, pipe, per thousand..
7 00
Staves, W. I., per thousand
2 25
Cord wood (hard) per cord
16
08
Cord wood (soft) per cord
Railway timber, knees, telegraph poles, posts and rails, and other kinds of small tim-
ber stuff not above enumerated, 10 per cent. ad valorem.
To be charged upon the quantities shown by measurement under direction of the
Supervisor of Cullers or Deputy Supervisor, at Quebec or Montreal or other place of
sale or shipment, or by other reliable measurement where that cannot be obtained,
otherwise each stick of—
White Pine may be estimated as containing 70 cubic feet.
Red Pine as containing 38 cubic feet.
Other kinds of wood 34 cubic feet.
And when any license-holder is in default for or has evaded the payment of dues to
the Crown on any part of his timber, they may be levied on other timber of his, cut
under license, together with the dues thereon.
9. All square timber, logs, deals, boards, or other stuff leaving the agency in which
it has been cut, in any form, must be submitted to counting or actual measurement,
and statements under oath must be furnished by the license-holder as to the quantities
of timber and logs cut under license. Owners or lessees of saw-mills cutting under
license must show by such sworn statements the total number of each kind and length
of logs cnt or acquired by them and taken to their mills, or where left each season,
giving the number in standards also, and must prove, by satisfactory affidavits, on
what lots and how many on each lot, such as are from private lands, have been cut;
clearances to be refused in case of non-compliance.
10. No affidavit tending to prove that timber, saw-logs, or other woods have been
cut on lands claimed to be private property shall be held to be sufficient to exempt
such timber, saw.logs, or other wood goods from Crown dues, unless it has been ex-
⚫amined as to its accuracy by the Crown-lands agent of the agency in which it is said
to have been cut, who shall certify thereon how far the facts therein stated are, to his
knowledge, correct and true or otherwise, stating what objection there is, if any,
thereto; also the condition of title to the lot or lots severally.
11. If the person making oath in such affidavit does not therein signify that he is
the owner of the land, the affidavit shall not be held by the Crown-lands agent as suf-
ficient to exempt the timber, saw-logs, or other wood goods therein mentioned from
Crown dues without a sworn certificate thereon or therewith by the owner of the land
or person authorized to act for him, or person in occupation, that the timber was cut
with his consent, adding his address or place of residence.
560
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
12. But if any particular as to the condition of title of lands or other facts which
the Crown lands agent may be unable to certify be proved by the cxhibition of patent
or other evidence of right to exemption from dues, to the satisfaction of the Crown-
timber agent in whose agency the case may have arisen, it shall be held to be sufficient,
and the timber, saw-logs, or other wood goods shall be exempted from dues accordingly.
13. Before moving any raft or parcel of timber, lumber, or saw-logs from the agency
in which it has been cut, the owner or person in charge thereof shall make report
thereof to the Crown-timber agent, making, if required, declaration upon oath as to
the number of pieces of each kind of wood contained therein, and the number of cribs;
and to exempt timber from private land, if any, from dues as Crown timber, must fur-
nish a satisfactory affidavit, stating what lots it was cut upon and how much on each
lot, whereupon he shall obtain a clearance from the Crown-timber agent, stating the
number of pieces in the raft or parcel, how many, if any, have been satisfactorily
proved to be from private lands, and on how many, if any, the dues have been pre-
viously or then paid.
On the arrival of any such raft or parcel at Quebec, or any intermediate place, or
other port, for sale or shipment, the owner or holder of it shall make report thereof to
the collector of Crown-timber dues or deputy supervisor of cullers, or other appointed
officer, within forty-eight hours, and in addition to the quantity shown by the clear-
ance as subject to dues any surplus timber beyond the number of pieces stated therein,
on being ascertained by the collector of Crown-timber dues, deputy supervisor of cull-
ers, or other authorized officer, if not satisfactorily accounted for, shall be held as hav-
ing been cut upon Crown lands and be subject to the payment of dues accordingly.
14. Parties omitting to report the departure of their rafts or other timber from the
agency in which they held licenso, or the arrival thereof at Quebec or Montreal or
other port or place, for sale or shipment, within the Province as before mentioned, may
be refused further license, and be subject to forfeiture of the timber for evasion of
regulations as provided in section 3 of cap. 23 of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada.
15. Occupants, grantees, or purchasers of public lands who have not completed all
conditions of sale or grant, and have not obtained patent for such, cutting timber
without license (except for clearing, building, or fencing thereon), or others doing so
by their permission, shall be subjected to the penalties established by law for cutting
timber without authority.
16. Persons evading or refusing the payment of timber dues or the final settlement
of bonds or promissory notes given for the same, or in default with the Crown-timber
office or agent; also persons taking violent possession of disputed ground before obtain-
ing a decision in their favor and persons refusing to comply with the decision of arbi-
trators or with regulations established by order in council, or who forcibly interrupt
surveyors, shall be refused further licenses and their berths become disposable on the
expiration of their licenses.
17. Dues of all kinds on timber cut under license, remaining unpaid on the 30th
November following the season in which it was cut, to be subject to interest from that
date at seven per cent., but without prejudice to the power of the Crown to enforce.
payment of such outstanding dues.
18. Crown Timber Agents shall keep registers of all licenses granted or renewed by
them and transfers thereof, which, together with their plans of licensed berths and
vacant ground, shall be open for public inspection.
19. Timber berths are to be described in new licenses as not to interfere with prior
licenses existing or to be renewed in virtue of regulations on the date of their first
being issued. Where licenses clash, the one of more recent origin is to give way to
that of prior date, computing back to the season it was last acquired at auction or by
grant from the Crown. And should any license by error or defect in its description be
found evidently incompatible with the intention or regulations under which it was
granted, the Commissioner of Crown Lands may cause it to be cancelled or amended.
20. Licenses are to be granted on the annexed form in duplicate-and the descrip-
tion of each berth is to be written on the back thereof, and is to be dated and signed
by the agent as well as the license itself. The duplicates to be kept of record by the
Crown Timber Agent.
FORM OF LICENSE.
[Royal Arms.]
NOTICE TO LICENTIATES.
The ground rent for the renewal of this license must be paid on or before the 5th
December next, otherwise it will be subject to the penalties imposed by the regula-
tions.
Affidavits of the quantity and description of timber cut under each license and other
particulars in accordance with forms to be supplied by the crown timber office, must
be furnished before the 30th September next.
J
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
561
Clearances from this office must be obtained for all rafts before they leave the agency;
and to exempt timber from private lands, in them, from dues, affidavits must be fur-
nished stating what lots it was cut on and how much on each lot.
Crown Timber Agent.
By authority of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, Cap. 23, and Regulations at
present in force, and for and in consideration of the payments made and to be made
to Her Majesty, I do hereby give unto
and Workmen, full power and License to cut
back hereof
,
and unto
Agents
upon the location described on the
and to hold and occupy the said Location to the exclusion
of all others, except as liereinafter mentioned, from
to thirtieth April,
18-, with the right and the obligation of renewing the same annually in the manner
and during the period provided by the Regulations, that is to say, up to the 30th April,
1889, and no longer; with the right of conveying away the said Timber
through any ungranted or waste lands of the Crown.
And by virtue of this License, the said Licentiate has a right by the said Provin-
cial Statute to all Timber cut by others, during the term of this License, in trespass
on the ground hereby assigned, with full power to seize and recover the same any-
where within the Dominion of Canada.
But this License is subject to the following conditions, viz:
That any person or persons may at all times make and use Roads upon and travel
over the ground hereby licensed, and cut and take therefrom any frees, under ten
inches in the largest part in thickness, necessary to make Floats, Traverses, Oars, and
Withes, for his or their use in rafting Timber or Saw Logs cut in the Province of Que-
bec, and being rafted in the immediate vicinity of the cutting of such rafting stuff.
That nothing herein shall prevent any person or persons, authorized to that effect
by the Commissioner of Crown Lauds of this Province, from taking Standing Timber
of any kind to be used for the making of Roads or Bridges, or for Public Works.
That all lots sold or located by authority of the Commissioner of Crown Lands prior
to the date hereof are to be held as excepted from this License, and lots so sold or
located subsequently shall cease to be subject to it after the 30th April following; and
whenever the sales of any such lots shall be cancelled, the said lots shall be restored
to this license.
And that persons settling under lawful authority or title within the location hereby
licensed shall not in any way be interrupted in clearing and cultivation by the said
Licentiate—, or any one acting for
or by
permission.
And further: under condition that the said Licentiate or
representative shall
comply with all regulations that are or may be established by order in council, and
shall submit all the Timber cut under this License to be counted or measured, and
settle for the dues chargeable thereon, when required by me or any officer thereunto
authorized-otherwise the said Timber will be forfeited to the Crown, and the Licen-
tiate be subject to such other penalty or penalties as the Act provides.
Given under my hand at
thousand eight hundred and
Ground Rent, $
this day of
>
in duplicate.
The above-named Licentiate-shall be bound, on
renewal hereof, to declare upon oath whether
of the limit hereby licensed, or whether
of it, or for whom
hold it.
- in the year of Our Lord one
paying the Ground Rent for the
still the bona fide proprietor
sold or transferred it or any part
22. All persons cutting timber on public lands without authority of licence, will be
punished as the law provides:
That is, they will lose their timber and cost of its manufacture, and parties remov-
ing or causing to be removed, or assisting in removing such timber out of reach of the
officers of the Department of Crown Lands, subject themselves to a penalty of $3 per
tree with costs.
Persons hindering any officer or agent of the Department of Crown Lands in the
discharge of his duty in seizing timber illegally cut, or taking away, or causing to
be taken away, any timber scized under the Act, Cap. 23, Consolidated Statutes,
Canada, are guilty of felony.
Parties cutting timber on lands purchased by them on pretense of settlement, but
really for the purpose of cutting the timber, are trespassers as above.
Railway contractors and others cutting timber for railway purposes on public lands
and on lands sold, but not yet patented, are also trespassers and subject to the same
penalties.
23. From and after the date of the passing of the present regulations in cases of
timber cut in trespass in good faith, on public lands, by Licentiates or other parties,
it shall be lawful for the Commissioner of Crown Lands to cxact in settlement of such
wood goods a penalty equivalent to double, treble, or quadruple the ordinary dues as
36 FOR
562
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
established by tariff above, according to circumstances, besides costs of seizure and
other expenses connected with all investigation into such trespasses.
24. It shall be no longer permitted to cut on Crown Lands Pine Trees measuring
less than twelve inches in diameter at the stump.
TRANSFERS.
25. All limit owners are to notify the agents of any transfer which they may have effected,
as soon as any transaction of the kind may have taken place; and should they fail to
give due notification to the agent, the Commissioner of Crown Lands may rule the
forfeiture of such license or licenses comprising the limit or limits so transferred.
26. Limit holders, in order to enable them to obtain advances necessary for their
operations, shall have a right to pledge their limits as security without a bonus be-
coming payable. Such pledge, in order to affect the limit against the debtor, shall
require to be noted on the back of the license by an authorized officer of the Depart-
ment of Crown Lands. But if the party giving such pledge should fail to perform his
obligations towards his creditors, the latter, on establishing the fact to the satisfac-
tion of the Commissioner, may obtain the next renewal in his or their own name, sub-
ject to the payment of the bonus, the transfer being then deemed complete.
27. Transfers of timber berths to be in writing, and if not found objectionable by
the Crown Land Department or agent for the issue of licenses, to be valid from the date
on which they may be deposited in the hands of the latter; but no transfer to be
accepted while the party transferring is in default for non-payment of dues on timber to
the Crown.
SURVEYS.
28. The Crown timber agents, or any other person thereunto authorized, shall, at
the joint written request of conterminous license-holders, issue instructions stating
how the boundaries of such limits should be run to be in conformity with existing
licenses. The surveys shall be performed at the expense of the parties requiring them,
who must cause copies of the plans and field notes of the surveys to be delivered to
the officer giving the instructions, subject to his approval, to be paid for by him, and
kept of record by the Crown timber agent of the locality.
Boundaries so established at the joint request of the parties interested shall be fixed
and permanent, and shall in no case be altered.
29. If a limit holder refuses to join his neighbor to have the boundaries defined, the
party wishing to have the survey made shall be entitled to have it performed at his
own expense under instructions which shall be furnished to him for that purpose as
provided in the foregoing clause.
On the completion of the survey, notice of the same shall be given in writing to the
adverse party, at his residence or place of business. And if within one year after such
notification the adverse party shall have made no opposition to the same in the man-
ner hereinafter prescribed, or if, having done so, such opposition has not been main-
tained, the boundary so surveyed shall be fixed permanently and irrevocably. But if
within the space of one year from the date of such notice the adverse party shows
that he has sufficient reasons to doubt the exactness of such survey, and deposits in
the hands of the Crown timber agent such sum of money as that officer may deem
sufficient to cover all the expenses of a new survey, the Commissioner of Crown Lands
shall name a surveyor to establish finally the boundary in dispute, and this second
survey shall be binding upon the interested parties. All the expenses shall be borne
by the applicant if his objection be not maintained. If, on the contrary, they be con-
firmed, and the first survey be declared erroneous, the expenses shall be borne share
and share alike by both parties.
30. All limit lines or boundaries already established in virtue of official instructions
are hereby declared valid and permanent, if a report or field notes, or at least a plan
describing such boundaries, have been filed of record in the Crown timber office, and
if they have been for five years or more without being disputed.
If less than five years have elapsed since they have been established, they are also
hereby declared valid and permanent, provided always that within the space of one
year from the date hereof their correctness be not disputed; if, on the contrary,
within this delay one of the interested parties objects to them, a final survey shall be
made as prescribed in the second clause of these presents, unless, however, the inter-
ested parties agree to have a final survey effected in virtue of the first clause.
Commissioner.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. 563
TIMBER STATISTICS OF QUEBEC.
[1.] Receipts and Expenditures of the Department of Crown Lands of the Province of Quebec,
since the 1st of July, 1867.¹
Receipts.
Expenditures.


Years,
Woods and
Forests.
Other
s ources.
Total.2
Woods and
Forests.
Other
objects.2
Total.2
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-'79
Last half of 1867, year 1868...$506, 583 02
Year 1869, first half of 1870... 383, 152 08
$250, 594 29
143, 568 73
130, 552 14 | 537,032 71
108, 340 96 | 553,093 64
$757, 177 31
$17,100 32 |
$65, 171 87 | $82, 272 19
526, 720 81
5, 204 21
22,459 10
27,663 31
406, 480 57
713 38
63, 642 13
64, 355 51
444,752 66
518,682 62
527, 976 87
532, 734 87
386, 774 18
1,357 72
60, 362 66
61, 720 38
93, 129 26 |
97, 230 03
611, 811 88
6, 961 37
61, 046 03
68, 007 40
625, 206 90
6,887 33
121, 919 83
65, 993 14
70, 604 03
598, 728 01
457, 378 21
391, 618 85
73,603 74 |
351, 323 16
96, 502 68
314, 880 09
103, 673 56
465, 222 59
447,825 84
418, 553 65
5, 507 67
3,536 31
8, 297 92
9, 232 03
131, 946 32
144, 984 38
160, 780 90
166, 229 10
128, 707 16
137,453 99
148, 520 69
169, 078 82
175,461 13
931 17
155, 276 48
| 156, 207 65
As remarked on a preceding page, the statistics of this and subsequent tables do not embrace the
total lumber and timber production of the Province. Upon applying to the Department for such infor
mation as it possessed in regard to timber not included in these tables, a reply was received "that it
is impossible for this Department to answer the query, as a large quantity of wood-goods, cut on lands
under patent and Seigniories, are not returned. An opportunity will be afforded by the Dominion
Census, to be taken in 1881, for ascertaining the whole production of the country, and we are confident
that the Ministry of Agriculture and Statistics, which has the census in charge, will make every effort
to secure as full and reliable statistics concerning this important interest as the agency at its command
will enable it to do.
2 Including suspense accounts.
[2.] Areas under Timber License in the Province of Quebec, in each year since 1867.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73
·
·
Year.
Square
miles.
17,997
125, 9514
1873-'74
1874-75
·
32, 486
1875-'76
32, 1381
1876-'77
40, 056
1877-'78
44, 2861
1878-'79
Year.
Square
miles.
+48, 064
46, 030T
47, 057
45, 9120
+42, 484
+42, 631
1 Thus reported for the first half of the fiscal year. The last half reported 9,8651 square miles.
[3.] Details of Revenue from Timber on Crown Lands in the Province of Quebec.

Fiscal Years. Interest.
Trespass.
Timber
Dues.
Ground
Rent.
Bonus.
Transfer
Bonus.
Total.
1867-'68.
1868-'69..
$2,038 53
$1, 366 13 $165, 381 77
$22, 401 03
$3,928 50
1, 940 93
1869-'70..
6, 035 88
1870-'71.
-
1, 173 07
1871-'72.
1872-'73.
1873-'74.
1874-'75.
-
1875-'76.
1876-'77..
1877-'78..
895 97
1,474 96
4,778 32
11, 684 08
8, 661 37
5, 894 65
6, 971 30
882 34
1,172 49
1, 949. 61
3, 206 47
1,711 71
28, 127 74
198, 977 82
55, 055 06
74, 694 97
267, 468 08
64, 089 20
24, 102 37
$195, 115 96
331, 751 12
362, 868 02
3,666 13
2,364 28
4,792 07
272,833 12
292, 989 42
346, 361 27
361,080 51
408, 169 12
63,297 43
67, 227 34
86, 783 01
60, 877 81
90,950 84
97, 220 37
90, 565 04
274,530 64
96, 881 82
269, 685 24
94, 588 07
3,943 90
248, 612 84
85,385 12
1878-'79...
6, 278 25
2,405 76 217, 664 04
87,558 04
448 00
78, 183 84
31, 386 93
3,259 50
572 00
$5,384 00
15, 301 00
3,764 07
16, 658 82
6, 410 00
526 00
406, 480 57
518, 682 62
527, 976 87
444,752 68
532,734 87
366, 774 18
391, 618 85
351, 323 16
314, 880 09
The fiscal years in this Province end June 30.
564 CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands in the Province of Quebec since June
30, 1867.2
A. SPECIFIED BY KIND OF TIMBER.

Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
1. ASH.
Fect.
Feet.
1869-'70
63
1867-'68
2, 290
4
156
1870-'71
88
1868-'69.
31
1041
1871-'72
181
1869-'70.
2. 734
5,840
50
2, 185
1872-'73
439
12, 275
1870-'71...
41
1, 301
1873-'74
44
1871-'72
1,328
29
934
1874-'75.
214
6, 730
1872-'73
13
509
1875-'76
100
3, 453
1873-74
18
504
1876-'77..
213
6, 532
1874-'75.
20
625
1877-'78
193
19, 869
1875-'76..
173
4, 673
1878-'79
101
1876-'77
1, 061
75
2,332
1877-'78
2
52
8. HEMLOCK.
1878-'79
27
1, 026
1867-'68
3
135
2. Basswood.
1868-'09
11
531
1869-'70
2
63
1867-'68
7
360
1870-'71
5
272
1868-'69
41
1, 151'
1871-'72
2
75
1869-'70
12
314
1872-'73
67
1870-'71
1, 103
73
4, 446
1873-'74
4
80
1871-'72
2
86
1874-'75
123
3, 140
1872-'73
•
2
66
1875-'76
561
8, 040
1873-'74..
1
52
1877-'78
287
1878-79.
8
343
1878-'79
-
161
676
3. BIRCH.
9. MAPLE.
1867-'68
2,358
33, 824
1871-72
-
3
73
1868-69
1, 502
34, 976
1872-'73
2
67
1869-'70
3, 801
68, 610
1873-'74
126
1,492
1870-'71
1,872
36, 811
1876-'77
145
945
1871-'72
1, 493
26, 543
1877-'78 .
3
101
1872-'73
2, 939
49, 390
1873-'74.
6, 855
104, 394
10. OAK.
1874-'75
8,068
123, 297
1867-'68
15
515
1875-'76
2, 034
35, 798
1868-'69
651
1, 161¹
1876-'77
2, 782
29, 126
1869-'70
14
420
1877-'78.
1, 541
32, 209
1870-'71
53
1, 042
1878-'79
667
11, 997
1871-'72..
1
61
1872-'73
8
205
4. CEDAR. (See 56.)
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72
1872-'73..
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76..
1876-77
1877-'78
1878-'79
5. CEDAR PICKETS.
1873-'74
1874-'75
266
6, 352
1875-'76.
1, 0001
4,3611
1876-'77
124
2, 503
1878-'79..
162
2, 888
243
3, 978
10. PINE (RED).
619
8, 429
801
21, 740
1867-'68
3, 893
3, 374
237, 430
62, 825
1868-'69
4, 6511
2,226
176, 7641
12, 233
1869-'70
9,095
658
325, 837
10, 001
1870-'71..
8,420
4, 065
39, 099
350, 862
1871-'72
7,454
1, 506
295, 634
3,979
1872-'73
7,684
298, 482
1873-'74
·
9, 846
367, 622
1874-'75
21, 536
775, 440
1875-'76
9, 918
300
4261
374, 306
1876-'77
10, 787
418, 178
1877-'78
3, 584
144,000
1878-'79
9, 009
329, 999
12
278
9
210
10
277
87
4, 139
6
382
1867-'68
1868-'69
6. CEDAR RAILS.
1867-'68
11. PINE (WHITE). (See
5, 600
1868-'69
12, 13, 14.)
1, 565
1869-'70
16, 850
1867-'68
1871-72..
78, 060
16, 000
4, 655, 269
1868-'69
1872-'73
39, 6061
5, 268
2,277, 2111
1869-'70
1873-'74
58,103
16, 900
3, 264, 579
1870-'71
1874-75
64, 113
29, 413
3, 632, 596
1871-'72
1875-'76
87, 203
43, 662
4, 721, 805
1872-'73
1876-'77
89, 973
21, 654
4, 968, 531
1873-74
1877-'78
70, 950
7, 646
2,770, 607
1874-'75
57, 802
3, 002, 2171
1875-'76
7. ELM.
66, 855
2, 563, 079
1876-'77
1867-'68
100, 742
5, 035, 712
117
4,874
1877-'78
1868-'69
77, 314
3,860, 052
27
585
1878-'79
56, 829
1 For the first half of the year only.
2, 917, 244
"The measurement of square timbers in this Province is always counted in linear feet.
1
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. 565
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands, &c.2-Continued.
A. SPECIFIED BY KIND OF TIMBER-Continued.

Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
12. PINE (WHITE: SAW
LOGS). (See 11, 13, 14.)
1876-'77
Standards.
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-'70
*
1870-'71
83, 9003
1,017, 9791
1877-'78...
1878-'79
Pieces.
Quantity.
Fect.
10, 515
1,094
159, 087
16, 645
346
9, 530
48, 0191
1, 485, 3671
631, 922
882, 884
667, 0403
804, 212
17. SPRUCE (SAW LogS).
1871-'72...
679, 381
930, 471
(See 16.)
1872-'73
966, 770
1, 060, 082
1867-'68
370, 785
13. PINE (WHITE: SAW
LOGS OVER 17 INCHES
1868-'69
407, 5231
1860-'70
386, 947
DIAMETER).
12, 14.)
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78 ...
1878-'79..
(See 11,
1870-'71
448, 3301
1871-'72
369, 676
1872-'73 ..
435, 986
1873-'74
1, 116, 604
980, 388
1874-'75
1,099, 285
1, 102, 100
1875-'76
789, 016
606, 234
682, 640
1876-'77
781, 819
1877-'78
711,000
832, 794
570, 251
1878-79..
797, 440
14. PINE (WHITE: Saw
18. TAMARAC.
LOGS UNDER 17 INCHES
DIAMETER).
(See 11,
1867-'68
820
15, 102
12, 13.)
1868-'69
441
5931
1869-'70 ..
752
18, 184
1873-'74
1870-'71
1, 127, 110
920
16, 621
1874-'75
1,288, 583
1871-'72
•
290
6, 050
1875-'76
V
1872-'73
677, 231
566
13, 739
1876-'77
501, 330
1877-'78.
465, 641
1878-'79..
462, 629
1873-'74
1874-'75
1875-'76
757
17,379
-
2,935
68, 570
3,769
68, 636
1876-'77
1, 549
32, 142
15. POPLAR.
Feet.
1873-'74
47
882
16. SPRUCE. (See 17).
1877-'78 ...
1878-'79.
19. HEMLOCK BARK.
249
12, 936
1, 253
27, 849
1869-'70
1867-'68
223
6, 098
1870-'71
1868-'69
481
1, 1201
1871-'72
·
1869-'70..
10
385
1873-'74
1870-'71
Cords.
371
52
37
17
8
214
1874-'75
1871-'72
1, 939
101
2,732
1875-'76
1873-'74
528
7,888
1876-77.
1874-'75
1875-'76
1, 552
1, 779
34, 480
34, 152
1877-'78
1878-'79..
5, 611
4,309
51
864
(B. SPECIFIED BY THE USES TO WHICH TIMBER IS APPLIED.


Years.
1. BOOM TIMBERS. (See 2.)
1874-'75
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
1878-79..
2. BOOMS, at 17 cents.
1878-'79
(See 1.)
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Cords.
1874-'75
Linear feet.
1875-'76
15, 486
529, 705
1876-'77
25, 943
745, 911
1877-'78
16,734
1, 874
4, 411
2,457
1,2611
478, 028
1878-79
6, 917
241, 019
1,168
2, 600
134, 524
4. FIRE-WOOD (Soft).
(See 3.)
1867-'68
1,261
1868-'69
144
1869-'70
8313
1,026)
1870-'71..
3. FIRE-WOOD (HARD.)
(See 4.)
1867-'68.
1869-'70
1870-'71
1871-'72 ...
1873-'74.
1 For the first half of the year only.
·
1871-'72 ..
1872-'73
Cords.
1873-'74.
182
1874-'75
130
1875-76 ...
82
1877-'77
1, 516
1877-'78
3, 5061
1878-'79.
2 The measurement of square timbers in this Province is always counted in linear feet.
1, 730
2,8343
1,200
3, 9221
3, 128
6,5671
11, 2603
1, 3613
1,310
566 CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROVINCE
PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.
[4.] Quantities of Timber taken from Crown Lands, &c.2-Continued.
B. SPECIFED BY THE USES TO WHICH TIMBER IS APPLIED-Continued.

Years.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Years.
Pieces. Quantity.
5 FLOOR PIECES.
1870-'71
3, 012
1873-'74
68
1871-'72
33, 950
1874-'75 ..
159
1872-'73
10, 349
1875-76.
161
1873-'74
106, 481
1874-'75
18, 510
6. FUTTOCKS.
1875-'76
29, 506
1876-'77
32, 732
1872-'73
109
1877-'78.
2,336
1873-74..
901
1878-'79.
1874-'75
85,086
1,853
1875-'76
1, 364
14. SCANTLING.
1876-'77
118
1877-'78.
140
1876-'77
1878-'79
26
1878-'79 .
150
215
7. KNEES.
15. SHINGLES. (See 16.)
1867-'68
331
1868-'69
1867-'68
154
1869-'70
1868-'69
154
1869-'70
1870-'71
79
1870-'71
1871-'72
1, 483
•
1872-'73.
1871-'72
132
1873-'74
11, 506
1872-'73
1874-'75
716
1875-'76..
352
1876-'77
1873-'74 ..
1874-'75
300
1875-'76
1877-'78
1, 179
1878-'79..
1876-'77
→
62
8. LATHS. (See 9.)
1873-74..
9. LATH-WOOD. (See 8.)
1867-'68
1868-'69
1869-70
1870-'71
-
1875-'76
1876-'77
1877-'78
10. OARS.
1867-'68
1869-'70
11. PICKETS.
1873-'74
1874-75
4,885
113, 751
1875-'76.
1876-'77
22, 645
4,715
1877-'78
1878-'79
2, 300
1,525
12. RAILS.
1878-'79
29, 125
13. RAILROAD TIES AND
SLEEPERS.
1869-'70...
4,070
16
1877-'78.
··
1878-'79..
16. SHINGLE WOOD. (See
15.)
Packs.¹
1,767
4473
47
6, 0552
1,972
756
Thousands.
2,382
2, 1462
4, 640
1,3381
1,4761
1,785
1876-'77
1878-'79..
Cords.
109
33
773
297
17. SPARS.
3103
514
1873-'74
250
5673
1874-'75
54
109
1875-'70
116
199
1876-'77
30
1877-'78...
20
Pairs.
1878-79.
130
77
200
18. STAVES.
Thousands.
1874-'75
2
1877-78
100,000
1878-79..
5-
19. TELEGRAPII POLES.
1869-'70
1873-'74 ..
1874-'75
1875-'76.
1878-'79..
20. MASTS.
1877-78...
832
4, 184
1, 139
652
239
The "pack" contains 1,000 shingles.
2 The measurement of square timbers in this Province is always counted in linear feet.
1
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
567
(d.) CROWN LANDS OF NEW BRUNSWICK.-The total area of this
Province is 17,347,355 acres, of which, in 1877, 8,717,954 acres had been
sold or granted under the several laws formerly or then in force, leav-
ing 8,629,401 acres, or a little less than half, "vacant," or in other words,
open for sale, or for timber lincenses.
The Crown Lands in this Province are under the care of the Surveyor-
General, who makes an annual report, giving in detail and by name his
transactions with each person, in regard to timber leases, stumpage,
&c. The years embraced in these reports end October 31, and cor-
respond very nearly with the business transactions of the season.
[1.] Operation of the Labor and the Free-Grants Acts.
Concerning the operation of these acts, the Surveyor-General in his
report for the year ending October 31, 1876, says:
|
There have been during the past year many opportunities of closely observing the
operation of the "Labor Act," as also the "Free-Grants Act," which satisfied me that
frequently approvals under these acts are obtained quite as much with the view of cut-
ting the lumber thereon as for the purpose of bona fide settling on the lot approved. I
have, therefore, called the attention of all Commissioners under these acts to the neces-
sity of obtaining the "permission" and "license" required under these acts, and have
circulated among them the forms of affidavits and certificates which are found in the
appendix to this Report, and upon the filing of which in the oflice, "permission" and
"license" can be obtained. The attention of cruisers and scalers has also been particu-
larly directed to this matter. By means of close supervision in the administration of
these acts it is expected to secure to those who bona fide comply with their terms the
full enjoyment of the privileges and facilities these acts confer, and at the same time
prevent cutting the timber off the land without giving to the country the benefit of
Settlement of its Crown Lands as designed by the liberal policy of these acts.
While the timber of the country was only held at the value of eight dollars per
square mile, for the right to cut for one year, little consideration was given to the
protection of lands located under the "Labor Act" against the unlawful cutting of
lumber therefrom. Now, however, that the sentiment of the country as to the value
of timber land, has very considerably changed, it will be readily conceded that those
who do not bona fide comply with the conditions of the Labor Act, and the Free Grants
Act, should not complain if they are prevented enjoying benefits these acts are intend-
ed to secure.
The country cannot afford to permit them to strip the lots located to them of all the
lumber thereon, and then abandon them, and hence strict administration of these acts
is called for. Timber agents, cruisers, scalers, commissioners, and seizing officers are
charged to give notice to the Department of any irregularities on the part of locatees
that may come to their knowledge, as also to call the attention of locatees to the pro-
visions of these acts. Care, however, should be taken that too strict administration
of these acts does not prevent settlement on the Crown Lands. Full encouragement is
to be given to the young men of the country to settle the many good tracts for settle-
ment that are found in the Province.
¹ Under "An act to provide for Free Grants to actual Settlers, on Crown Lands,"
passed April 11, 1872, the Governor in Council might set apart tracts suitable for set-
tlement and cultivation, and cause roads to be made through the same when selected.
The lands were to be surveyed into lots of 100 acres, each having frontage on a road.
They were to be given upon à "Location Ticket," issued by the Surveyor, free, to persons
eighteen years old or upwards; and if the applicant were married and had two or
more children under eighteen years, 200 acres might be taken up. The applicant
must begin improvements within a month, and within a year build a house at least
16 by 20 feet in size, and clear and cultivate at least three acres. The applicant was
forbidden from cutting more timber than required for bona fide cultivation, or for his
own use, without a special license therefor. The Report published in 1879 shows that
23 settlements had been established under this act, having in all a population of
3,764, and occupying 121,287 acres of claims. The total value of buildings, clearings,
stock, and crops, was $333,965.80.
The Report published in 1880, shows 27 settlements, a population of 5,161, occupy
ing 167,140 acres and a total valuation of $454,643.71.
568
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
[2.] Experience in regard to Timber Regulations of 1874.
In July, 1874, Timber Licenses were allowed to be issued for three years,
and at the end of this period the Commissioner of Crown Lands had oc-
casion to review the results as follows:
The experience of the operation of these Regulations fully justified the expectations
entertained with regard to them when they were adopted. In August, 1874, the De-
partment was called on to resist a combination against the Regulations, and at the
general sales in that month most of the timber operators refused to purchase licenses.
Another sale took place on the 16th September, at which most of the timber lands un-
der license the previous year were purchased under the Regulations of July, 1874. Un-
der these Regulations 60 cents per thousand superficial feet was collected as stumpage
ou Spruce and Pine lumber, 80 cents per ton for timber, and 123 per cent. of the value
on unenumerated lumber.
A very considerable advantage to the operator of having a lease for a term of years
was very fully admitted, and was largely accepted as justification for the increase in
the stumpage from $8 per square mile to the rates above named.
On the 2d of August, 1877, new Timber Regulations were agreed upon by the Governor
in Council, the principal difference being that the term for which licenses are renewa-
ble is five years instead of three, and the rate of stumpage on timber and lumber—
spruce, pine, and hard wood-is fixed at eighty cents instead of sixty, and fifteen per cent.
on unenumerated lumber instead of turelve and a half.
These new Regulations were very cheerfully accepted by the Timber Trade. Never
within my experience of seven years as Surveyor-General did the general sales pass off
more satisfactorily than did those of August 21, 22, and 23 [1877]. A very large ex-
tent of the land under License in the year 1875-'6 was purchased, and in some cases
there was very considerable competition. The number of miles sold at the general
sales was 2,180, and the amount of the sales was $21,112.50, showing that $4,668.50
was realized from competition as mileage.
The Surveyor-General estimates the amount of lumber cut upon the
Crown Lands of New Brunswick in the season of 1877 as equivalent to
155,839,383 superficial feet. The number of men employed in the woods
in cutting and hauling, was calculated with very considerable care at
about 3,738, and the number of horses at about 1,610. The average
length of logging roads was calculated at about 2.2 miles.
Of the Stumpage account of that year $2,769.74 was overdue and un-
paid, the whole amount of all stumpage for three years being $224,-
758.49.
[3.] Form of the Timber License granted by the Surveyor-General of New Brunswick.
Last year's Lic. No. —, year ending July 1, 1880.
Application No. License No.
NEW BRUNSWICK, to wit:
By His Honor the Hon. Edward Barron Chandler, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province
of New Brunswick.
To all to whom these presents shall come :
"
in the county of
Whereas
of
in this Province, has
become the purchaser at Public Auction of the right to cut Timber, Logs, Trees, and
other Lumber on Ungranted Crown Land comprised within the following bounds: (And
as to the situation of such ungranted Crown Lands, reference may, if required, be made
to any plan or plans on file in the Crown Land Office; or to a copy of any such plan
or plans certified by the Surveyor-General for the time being to be a true copy of the
plan on file) containing square miles, more or less, and the said Timber, Logs,
Trees, and other Lumber to remove, take and carry away, and appropriate the same to
his own use, subject to the payment of Stumpage, Regulations, and Restrictions herein-
after mentioned.
1. At an Annual General Sale to be held at the Crown Land Office at such time as
the Surveyor-General may determine, all Timber Licenses which have heretofore ex-
pired, or which may hereafter expire or be declared canceled under these Regulations,
shall be offered for sale.
2. The upset mileage in all cases to be eight dollars per square mile, subject to the
Stumpage, Regulations, and Restrictions hereinafter provided.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
569
3. The Stumpage payable upon all Logs, Timber, Trees, or other Lumber, and Bark,
cut or made upon Crown Lands shall be as follows:
For Spruce and Pine Saw Logs, per thousand superficial feet..
For Pine, Hardwood, and Hacmatac Timber, per ton..
Eighty cents.
Eighty cents.
And for all other description of Lumber, Trees, and for Bark, twelve and one-half
per cent. of the market value thereof at the Mill, place of shipment or place of con-
sumption in the Province. The quantity in all cases to be determined by survey at
the expense of the Crown, except that the Scaler and his assistants shall, while mak-
ing the survey, be boarded and lodged at the expense of the Licensee.
4. All Licensees shall, when required, furnish through themselves, their agents and
foremen, to such agent or agents as the Surveyor-General may appoint for that pur-
pose, and at such time and place as such agent or agents may require, satisfactory
proof upon oath as to the exact locality where all the Timber, Saw Logs, Trees, and
other Lumber in his or their possession were cut, with the mark or marks thereof, giv-
ing the number of pieces and description of Timber, Saw Logs, Trees, and other Lum-
ber cut by themselves and others, to their knowledge, upon each of the Timber Berths
held or occupied by him or them respectively, designating what quantity, if any, had
been cut on any other lands, describing the same, exhibiting at the same time, for the
inspection of such agent or agents, if required, the books of account and measure-
ment of such Timber, Saw Logs and other Lumber under his or their control respect-
ively; and sball morcover furnish such agent or agents all required information and
facilities to enable him or them to arrive at a satisfactory determination as to the
quantity and description of Timber, Saw Logs, Trees, and other Lumber made by him
or them, or held in his or their possession respectively, on which Government dues are
chargeable; and in the event of such agent or agents deeming it expedient to cause
such Timber, Saw Logs, and other Lumber to be counted or measured, the said Li-
censee or occupier of such Timber Berth, and his or their agents or foremen, shall, if
required, aid and assist in such count or measurement, but should such Licensee or
occupier, or his or their agents, fail to comply with these conditions, such Licensee
shall forfeit all right to a renewal of his License, and the Berth and limit shall be-
come vacant.
5. All Applications for Licenses of Crown Lands, remaining unsold at the Annual
Sales, shall be made by Petition (not later than the first day of February next after
said sale) which shall describe the situation thereof, and specify the number of square
miles required by the Applicant. No Petition to be for more than ten nor less than
two square miles. All expense of the survey of the Timber Berths described on any
License to be borne by the Licensee; and only one application to be received by the
Surveyor-General for the same ground.
6. Every applicant on filing his Petition shall deposit with the Receiver General
the sum of eight dollars upon each square mile applied for, and should the party so
depositing become the purchaser, at Auction, such deposit shall be applied towards
the payment of the purchase money; and in case the ground so applied for shall not
be purchased at the time advertised for the sale thereof, the deposit so made shall be
forfeited; and in case some other person than the depositor shall become the pur-
chaser, and comply with the terms of sale, the amount so deposited shall be forthwith
refunded to the party who may have paid the same.
7. All Berths applied for shall, if vacant, be advertised in the Royal Gazette, and
at least fourteen days' notice of sale given; and unless the whole of the purchase
money be paid by the purchaser to the Receiver General at the time of the sale, such
sale shall be void, and the ground shall be forthwith put up again for competition be-
tween any other parties, the upset price being iu all cases eight dollars per square
mile; and every License for a Timber Berth sball expire on the first day of the month
of July next ensuing after the issue of such License.
8. All Timber, Logs, Trees, or other Lumber cut upon unlicensed Crown Lands, or
which may be cut by any person beyond the limits of his own Berth, shall be seized
and forfeited to the use of the Crown; and no Timber or Lumber shall be cut on any
Berth applied for until it be purchased at Public Auction.
9. Licenses may be assigned by writing signed by the Licensee, his Executors or
Administrators, and the Assignee shall within reasonable time give notice of such
assignment, and its date, to the Surveyor-General.
10. Licensces shall be entitled to successive renewals of such parts of their license
ground as may then be vacant (the residne, however, of any such ground to be still
reckoned at not less than two square miles), provided they do before the expiry of the
License of the year preceding pay the mileage thereon, at the rate of eight dollars
per square mile, and have also paid or arranged their stumpage dues as hereinafter
provided, and have otherwise duly complied with all existing Regulations and the
conditions of this License; and provided further, that where the stumpage dues are
arranged by the taking of Notes as hereinafter mentioned, such renewal License shail
not issue until the actual payment of the said Notes. Should the rate of Stumpage
570 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
generally be increased by Order of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council before that
time, all such renewal Licenses shall be subject to payment of such increased Stump-
age and any further Regulations made by order of the Lieutenant-Governor in Coun-
cil, for the purpose of expeditiously enforcing the payment or adjustment of Stumpage
on any Logs or other Lumber cut within the limits described in any License.
11. Until the Stumpage is paid or arranged for in the manner provided by these
Regulations, and where Notes are taken as hereinafter mentioned, until such Notes
are actually paid, all Logs or other Lumber cut within the limits of any License shall
be and remain the property of the Crown, and in no case shall be removed from the
berths or brows until payment, or security therefor is given to the satisfaction of the
"Lumber Agent."
12. Any Logs or other Lumber cut within the limits of any License by any tres-
passer, shall, as between the trespasser and the Licensee, be deemed the property of
the Licensee, and as between the Licensee and the Crown, shall be liable to the rates
of Stumpage payable by the terms of such License, and shall be dealt with in the
same manner as if the said Licensee, his Exccutors, Administrators, or Assigns, had
actually himself or themselves cut the same, and shall be the property of the Crown
until the Stumpage is paid or arranged, and shall not be removed until that is done.
And the Licensee shall pay or secure the Stumpage of any Logs or other Lumber cut
by any trespasser, and may, if he see fit, bring an action of trespass, trover, or re-
plevin, for such trespass-cut Logs or other Lumber, for his own benefit and behoof.
13. Should the Licensee or his Assigns fail to pay or arrange the Stumpage payable
in respect of any Logs or other Lumber cut within the limits of any License, at the
time by these Regulations specified, the Crown shall have the right and power to
seize and sell at Public Auction, for cash, any part of such Logs or other Lumber, or
anything made therefrom, and the Licensee or his Assigns shall be entitled to any
balance after deducting Stumpage, at the rates payable by the License, and all ex-
penses of seizure and sale.
14. All sums payable as Stumpage, under one hundred dollars, shall be paid in cash
before the removal of Logs or other Lumber from the brows. For all sums above one
hundred dollars approved endorsed Notes may be taken by the "Lumber Agents,"
payable not later than the first day of September next after the date thereof.
15. If any Logs or other Lumber is removed from the berth or brows without the
consent of the "Lumber Agent," or without the mark which had been furnished to
him, all such stuff will be forfeited, and the License canceled.
16. The upset mileage paid on any License will be credited in arranging for Stump-
age, but only in cases where the "Lumber Agent" is satisfied that the lumber was cut
on the identical Berth for the mileage of which the credit is claimed.
17. Nothing in these Regulations shall prevent any person or persons from taking
standing timber or material of any kind, for the purpose of making Roads or Bridges,
or for Public Works, as provided for by Chapter 20 of "The Consolidated Statutes."
Now, know ye, that License is hereby granted to the said
his Heirs, Ex-
ecutors, Administrators, and Assigns, to cut Timber, Logs, or other Lumber on and
within the bounds of the piece of ungranted Crown Land herein mentioned and de-
scribed; and the said Timber, Logs, and other Lumber so cut by him on and within
the said bounds of the said piece of ungranted Crown Land, under this License, and
during its continuance, to remove, take, and carry away, and dispose of the same to
his own use, subject, however, to the payment of Stumpage, Regulations and Restric-
tions above mentioned; and reserving, however, a right of way and free liberty to
haul Timber or other Lumber, or Supplies, over the land and bounds above described;
and also a sufficient landing place or places on the banks of any stream running
through or bounding the lands or bounds above described, to the Grantee, Licensee or
Lessee of any other land, his or their Heirs, Executors, Administrators, or Assigns. Also
not to interfere with any Lots of Land improved, or partly paid for, or reserved under
Applications for which Returns of Survey were received at the Crown Land Office pre-
vious to the day of
18. And on the further condition that the trunk as
well as the bark of any Hemlock trees to be cut under pretense of this License, shall
be removed and taken beyond the limits thereof before the 1st day of July next,
otherwise the cutting of the said Hemlock trees shall be prosecuted and dealt with as
a trespass, in the same manner as if this License had never been granted.
This License to continue and be in force from the date hereof, for and during and
unto the said first day of July next ensuing the date hereof, and no longer, after which
time no Timber, Logs, or other Lumber to be cut or hauled from the said tract of Crown
Land herein before described, under pretense thereof.
Surveyor General.
Given under my Hand and Seal at Fredericton, the
day of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
By command of the Lieutenant-Governor.
[The form of a transfer is added.]
in the year of
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK. 571
[4.] Lien for security of Crown Dues.
By an amending act passed April 15, 1879, it is provided that—
All lumber cut within the limits of a License, and by virtue of the authority of
any such License, shall be and remain the property of the Crown, until the Stumpago
thereon is paid, and when a note or notes are taken for the payment of Stampage, the
property in the Lumber for the Stumpage of which such note or notes are given shall
remain and be the property of the Crown until such note or notes are actually paid.
In case of the non-payment of any sum or sums of money at any time coming due
by any person or persons for Stumpage on lumber cut on any lands leased by the
Crown to any person or persons, or for any Stumpage due on Ïumber cut on Crown
Lands under any license from the Crown, and whether such sum or sums of money
shall have been secured by any note or notes, or have not been so secured, it shall be
lawful for the Crown, if it sees fit, by or through any of its seizing officers appointed
under the authority of the said chapter, or any other officers authorized in that be-
half, to sell at public auction for cash, after giving fourteen days' notice of the time
and place of sale to the operator, if practicable, or if not, then to the party in whose
possession the lumber may be, and also by public notice posted up for a like period
in at least five public places in the Parish in which the lumber may then be situated,
all or any part of the said lumber, or anything into which the same may have been
manufactured; and after deductiug the amount so due for Stumpage, and all expenses
of sale, the balance (if any) shall be paid over to the Licensee or his assigns.
The Crown is further authorized at discretion to bring an action of
replevin, trespass, or trover for the lumber, instead of the proceedings
above specified, if deemed advisable. The word "lumber" is construed
to include logs, timber, trees, and every description of lumber, as well
as bark.
[5.] Penalties for Trespasses upon the Crown Lands.
By an act passed April 10, 1875, and amended April 15, 1879, the
cutting of trees, lumber, or wood upon the Crown Lands without legal
authority is made punishable by a fine of not less than ten nor more
than one hundred dollars for each offense, besides the forfeiture of the
wood or timber cut. The property seized is to be sold at public auc-
tion after fourteen days' notice, and an opportunity for the proving of
any claims that may be brought. The Governor in Council may order
the release of the property, however, upon the payment of such sum,
not less than double the rates payable in case it had been cut or car-
ried away under License duly obtained, and upon such other terms and
conditions as to them shall seem just and reasonable.
Any assault or obstruction to a Seizing Officer in the execution of his
duty, or any person in his aid, or the willful removal, cutting, or setting
loose anything seized, is punishable by a fine of not less than two nor
more than one hundred pounds, or, if not paid, by imprisonment for a
period of not less than ten days nor more than one year, at the discre-
tion of the court where prosecuted. Penalties and forfeitures under '
this act may be prosecuted by information of the Attorney-General,
and the costs are charged to the offender. Prosecutions must be made
within one year from the date of the offense.
572
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
TIMBER STATISTICS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.
(1.) Receipts from Crown Lands in the Province of New Brunswick, from 1874 to 1879,
showing the actual and relative amount received from various sources.

Sources of revenue.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
Land sales¹
Labor fund².
Installments 3.
$7,765 50
556 94
1, 432 40
Sale of Timber licenses
·
24, 813 20
$5, 553 21
374 93
1,009 99
6,736 25
$8,259 08
338 55
542 3
12, 174 69
Renewal of licenses...
Stumpage (net amount).
$5, 591 68
218 40
478 90
38, 564 70
$2,642 20
307 15
$3,449 00
172 63
12, 132 00
12, 31 00
24 00
33, 074 50
41, 524 13
Stumpage (trespass)
Royalty on Coal
Miscellaneous¹.
Total
55, 980 38
668 10
7,910 70
16, 804 00
81, 207 46
225 30
7,359 20
15, 016 00
47,307 81
-
305 32
981 67
413 00
259 90
1,267 74
32 00
36, 268 03
61, 049 52
724 32 1,042 92
169 67
931 15
76, 048 47 102, 832 13
1,059 12
745 20
849 96
840 25
111, 343 93
75,220 15
The falling
1 The usual price of Land, unless raised by competition at auction, is 80 cents per acre.
off in amount in 1878 is explained by the statement that no large tracts had been sold during the year,
it being thought that more could be realized from the Lumber, at present rates of stumpage.
2 Land sold under the "Act to facilitate the settlement of Lands," for which cash was paid.
3 Installments on land sold under the regulations passed in council April 22, 1861. This form of sale
is now discontinued, but balances on old sales are still received, provided the land is still vacant.
4 Includes licenses for mining, sale of wild grass, and other items of income from the Crown Lands.
[2.] Stumpage System.
In July, 1879, new Timber Regulations were introduced, and a
stumpage system came into operation, under which a uniform rate was
made payable on all lumber cut on Crown Lands. A certain sum was
to be advanced.
The amount collected in recent years from this source is given in the
preceding table. The qualities of Foreigu products upon which this
was charged were as follows:
(2.) Quantities of Forest Products upon which Stumpage was charged from July 1, 1874, to
October 31, 1879.

Kinds.
Pieces.
Quantity.
Kinds.
Pieces.
Quantity.
SPRUCE AND PINE LOGS.
SPRUCE TIMBER.
Superfic'l feet.
1875...
1876.
1877.
1,007, 884
911, 837
1, 452, 929
107, 460, 908
1878..
95, 648, 990
148, 980, 839
JUNIPER TIMBER.
1878.
1879...
1, 472, 749 |
854, 247
151, 893, 004
88,856, 803
1878...
HEMLOCK LOGS.
CEDAR LOGS AND POLES.
1875..
953
155, 390
1876...
1875
2, 121
245, 021
17,403
1877.
1876.
1,943
181, 465
38, 408
1878..
1877.
526, 148
8, 301
1879..
810
92,750
1878...
980
1879...
38, 323
PINE TIMBER.
Tons.
KNEES.
1875...
122
237
1876
1875..
1877.
313
44023
2643
1,395
1876...
1, 135
1878..
917
1, 202
1877...
315
1879.
1, 010
868
1878..
1879.
432
596
HARD-WOOD TIMBER.
1875
1876
1877.
178...
1879...
HEMLOCK TIMBER.
1878.
RAILWAY SLEEPERS.
59
4532
1, 42417
1875.
1876.
·
8,000
2, 002
1, 641.
3,500
983
2, 04928
600
1877..
20, 582
1878...
8,447
1879...
32, 315
BOOM POLES.
100
1878...
2,500
Superfic'l feet.
2081
1018
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: PROV. OF N. BRUNSWICK.
573
(2.) Quantities of Forest Products upon which Stumpage was charged from July 1, 1874, to
October 31, 1879-Continued.
SPARS.
1878..
37
CORD WOOD.
Cords.
1875..
1876..
1, 512
892
1877
1878...
1879..
HEMLOCK BARKS.
1876...
HEMLOCK BARKS-Con
tinued.
Cords.
1877..
1,0071
1878.
1879...
3, 7193
104
5595
SHINGLES.
Thousands.
265
1875..
1, 621
1876.
307
5, 915
1877.
1878..
3, 058
1879..
[3.] Lumber Trade of the Province of New Brunswick.
1, 0483
2,283
3,965
This Province has for many years exported large quantities of lum-
ber in various forms, the numerous rivers affording access to remote re-
gions in the interior, especially the Saint Johns and Miramichi Rivers,
and those of less size falling into the Bay of Chaleurs. The principal
places of manufacture are somewhat distant from the region where the
timber is cut, the logs being rafted down from the upper waters. Very
extensive mills on the Saint John are located in the vicinity of Fred-
ericton, and at and near the city of St. John at its mouth. The follow-
ing summary, from Guy Stewart & Co.'s Circular (London, January 1,
1877), gives the principal statistics of the two principal points of ship-
ment in New Brunswick during the year 1876 :
Number of ships loaded.
Tonnage
Superficial feet of Deals.
Tons of Pine Timber.
Tons of Birch Timber
From
Saint John.
From
Miramichi.
334
234, 913
192, 975, 772
1, 211
14, 571
279
135, 759
116, 665, 107
2, 202
1, 803
5, 034, 418
Palings
The number of individuals and firms engaged in shipping at Saint
John was 19¹, and at Miramichi, 8.
With respect to the general results of the season at these two districts,
the circular above quoted remarks as follows:
SAINT JOHN.—"The shipment of deals to Europe in 1876 shows an in-
crease of about 17 millions as compared with the previous year, being
193 millions against 176 in 1875; 220 in 1874; 210 in 1873; and 138
in 1872. American lumber originally intended for the United States
market has contributed largely to the quantity exported. A large pro-
portion of that shipped last year had been held over by two or three
encumbered estates for a length of time, when, a settlement having been
arrived at, it was then forced on the market in order to realize. The
quantity of logs held over is greatly reduced, and the supply of 1877
will be chiefly derived from the lumbering operations going on, which
appear to be about the average extent. Freights opened at 72s. 6d. to
75s. for Liverpool cargo delivered free alongside, and receded to 71s. 3d.
in April. They continued at about these rates through the season.
1 Nearly half of this business at Saint John is in the hands of Alex. Gibson, whose
transactions were represented by 125 ships of 112,046 tonnage, 94,444,807 feet of deals,
and 2,669 tons of birch timber.
574 CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.
MIRAMICHI.—“In spruce and pine deals the shipments for the season
of 1875 were 104 millions, and in 1879 94 millions. A considerable
part of the export of 1876 consisted of an inferior quality of spruce
and pine, which were no doubt manufactured with the view of meeting
the low values ruling in Europe, but which could hardly be expected to
give satisfaction. The lumbering operations of the winter of 1876-277
indicated an export of about 100 to 110 millions in 1877. Freights
opened at 70s. to 72s. 6d., at which most of the spring fleet was secured
in England. On this side 75s. was paid by some shippers, the prices
declining in the autumn. The facilities for loading ships at Miramichi
are about the best in New Brunswick."
From a circular published by parties connected with the lumber and
timber trade, we learn that the shipments from Miramichi to Europe,
during the last two years, were as follows:
Deals
Timber, Birch .
Timber, Pino.
Palings.
1878.
1879.
superficial feet..
tons..
do....
106, 504, 404
106,504,
27
115, 016, 179
285
45
242
-pieces..
2, 970, 589
2,853, 209
The shipments to the United States from Saint John in 1876 were
spruce, 7,374,148 feet; and pine, 179,096 feet. In some years they have
amounted to 75,000,000 feet of pine and spruce.¹
(e.) CROWN LANDS OF NOVA SCOTIA.
[1.] Summary of Statute.
The office of Commissioner of Crown Lands in this Province was
merged in that of Attorney General in the beginning of 1877. The re-
port dated a year later shows the amount of ungranted lands of Nova
Scotia to be (approximately) 2,487,419 acres. Free-grant and homestead
acts were formerly in existence, but have been repealed; and there is
no special lumbering law. The law relating to Crown Lands (Chap. II,
Revised Statutes) has no provisions relative to timber, excepting the
following:
SEC. 12. When application is made for Crown Lands for lumbering or other pur-
poses than settlement, the [Commissioner of Crown Lands 2] shall cause an accurate
survey to be made of the tract applied for, and all lots fit for settlement shall be
marked on the plan or survey, and reserved for agricultural improvement.3
13. The lots not so designated and reserved may be granted at the rate of sixty
cents an acre.
§ 14. It shall not be lawful to grant to any one person, partnership, or corporation,
more than two thousand acres of Crown Lands for lumbering purposes.
§ 20. If any grantee of such lands so granted as aforesaid for lumbering purposes,
or his assigns, shall cut down, or cause to be cut down, any trees growing on other
ungranted lands in the vicinity of such lands so granted to him, or shall purchase or
receive any trees, timber, spars, or logs cut on such ungranted lands by other persons,
knowing the same to have been cut on such ungranted lands, he shall forfeit and pay
for each of such trees, logs, spars, or pieces of timber, not less than two dollars nor
more than forty dollars, to be sued for and recovered before any stipendiary magis-
trate or any two justices of the peace, by any person who shall sue for the same, as a
private debt; and one-half of the amount recovered shall be paid to the party suing,
and the other half into the Provincial Treasury.
'Letter of Hon. Darius B. Warner, U. S. Consul at Saint Johns.
2 Now "Attorney General."
³ The price of lands for agricultural purposes is fixed at 44 cents an acre.
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF B. COLUMBIA. 575
[2.] Remarks of Professor Charles Lyell.
Professor Lyell, in his first "Travels in North America" in 1841-42
(ii, 189), thus speaks of the Forestry of Nova Scotia:
I heard frequent discussions on the present state of the timber duties both here and in
Canada, and great was my surprise to find the majority of the small proprietors, or
that class in whose prosperity the success and strength of a new colony consists, re-
gretting that the mother country had legislated so much in their favor. They said
that a few large capitalists and shipowners amassed considerable fortunes (some of
them, however, losing them again by over-speculation), and that the political influ-
ence of a few such merchants was naturally greater than that of a host of small farm-
ers, who could never so effectually plead their cause to the government; but, on the
other hand, the laborers engaged during the severe winter, at high pay, to fell and
transport the timber to the coast, became invariably a drunken and impoverished set.
Another serious mischief accrued to the colony from this traffic. As often as the new
settlers reached the tracts from which the wood had been removed, they found, instead
of a cleared region ready for cultivation, a dense copse-wood or vigorous undergrowth
of young trees, far more expensive to deal with than the original forest, and, what
was worse, all the best kinds of timber, fit for farm buildings and other uses, had been
taken away, having been carefully selected for exportation to Great Britain; so that,
while the English are submitting to pay an enhanced price for timber inferior in qual-
ity to that of Norway, the majority of the colonists, for whom the sacrifices are made,
feel no gratitude for the boon. On the contrary, they complain of a monopoly that
enriches a few timber merchants at the expense of the more regular and steady prog-
ress of agriculture.
(f.) CROWN LANDS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
[1.] Summary of Statute.
The statute regulating timber leases in this Province is found in "An
act to Amend and Consolidate the Laws affecting Crown Lands in Brit-
ish Columbia," assented to 22d April, 1875, and is as follows:
SEC. 41. Leases of any extent of unpre-empted or unrecorded Crown Lands may be
granted by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to any person, persons, or corporation,
duly authorized in that behalf, for the purpose of cutting spars, timber, or lumber,
and actually engaged in those pursuits, subject to such rents, terms, and provisions
as shall seem expedient to the Lieutenant-Governor in Council: Provided, however,
That any person may hereafter acquire a settler's or homestead settler's claim to or
upon any part of such leased land by complying with the requirements of this act.
Such settler or homestead settler shall, however, only be entitled to cut such timber
as he may require for use on his claim; and if he cut timber on the said land for sale,
or for any purpose other than for such use as aforesaid, or for the purpose of clearing
the said land, he shall absolutely forfeit all interest in the land acquired by him, and
the Commissioner shall cancel his claim thereto.
§ 42. The application for any such lease must be in writing, in duplicate, addressed
to the Commissioner, who shall retain the original in his office and transmit the dupli-
cate, through the head office of the Lands and Works, to the Lieutenant-Governor in
Council, who shall alone decide on any such lease.
§ 43. Before any lease is granted for pastoral, hay, or timber purposes, the applicant
shall give to the Commissioner of the District in which the land lies, thirty days'
notice, in writing, of his intention to apply for such lease. Such notice shall specify-
(a) The locality and number of acres applied for.
(b) The name of the applicant.
(c) The date of the notice.
A copy of such notice shall be posted at each of the undermentioned places:
(a) On a conspicuous part of the land referred to.
(b) Upon the walls of the office of the Commissioner of the District.
Où the Court-House of the District, if any.
(d) On the nearest public Inn or Taveru.
(e) On the outer door of the Post-Office of such District.
§ 44. Any person desirous of objecting to such lease shall give his written reasons
therefor, within the time specified in the above notice, addressed to the said Commis-
sioner, and the said Commissioner shall, as soon as possible, forward the same, with
his report thereon, to the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works.
$45. If no objection is made, as aforesaid, to the issue of such lease before the said
notice expires, the lease applied for may be issued, if advisable.
576
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF B. COLUMBIA.
The act above cited contains provisions for the sale of lands by pre-
emption, and for leasing lands for pastoral purposes (excepting in cer-
tain regions), and for Hay leases. In the case of partly-timbered town-
ships the statute provides as follows:
SEC. 76. In the subdivision of townships which may consist partly of prairie and
partly of timber laud, such of the sections or subdivisions of sections containing islands,
belts, or other tracts of timber may be subdivided into such number of wood lots of
not less than ten and not more than twenty acres in each lot, as will afford, so far as
the extent of woodland in the township may permit, one such wood lot to each quar-
ter section prairie farm in such township.
SEC. 77. Provided, That in case an island or belt of timber be found in the survey of
any township to lie in a quarter section, or several quarter sections, but in such man-
ner that no single quarter section shall have more of such timber than twenty-five
acres, such timber shall be taken to be appurtenant to such quarter section or quarter
sections, and shall not be further divided into wood lots.
[2] Form of a Timber Lease in British Columbia.
day of
This indenture made the
A. D. 18-, between Her Majesty the
Queen (who, with her heirs and successors, is hereinafter called "the said lessor"), of
the one part, and
and who, together with executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, hereinafter called "the said lessee," of the other part, wit-
nesseth that in consideration of the payments and stipulations to be made and ob-
served by and on the part of the said lessee, the said lessor
so far as the
Crown hath power to grant the same, but not further or otherwise, doth hereby lease,
save as hereinafter expressed, unto the said lessee, full power to enter upon all that
land or ground in the District of
statute acres, be the same more or less,
all which premises are on the tracing hereunto annexed more particularly though ap-
proximately designated, and therein colored red; and therefrom and from any part of
the said premises at pleasure to cut down any trees whatever, and the same to carry
away and freely to manufacture into, sell and dispose of as spars, timber, or lumber,
or otherwise for own sole use and behoof, with full power to erect all mills, en-
gines, buildings, and machinery necessary in opinion for carrying on any part of
the spar, timber, and lumber business, but for no other purpose whatsoever; and also
the right, upon the sanction of the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and the
Commissioner of the District of
for the time being, in writing thereto first
had, to appropriate any or a sufficient part of any streams, lakes, or waters within
the said tract of land for all or any of the above purposes, but so nevertheless that
such use shall not be to the prejudice of any public or existing private rights; and
generally such rights and privileges which may be necessary and advisable for more
conveniently carrying on the said spar, timber, and lumber business, except and
always reserved thereout all Indian grounds, plots. gardens, Crown and other Reserves,
and also except thereout the rights of pre-emption, settlement, pasturage, and agri-
cultural pursuits in and over any part of the said limits; except also thereout so much
of the said land as the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works aforesaid from time to
time may deem necessary for any roads, bridges, aqueducts, Military, Naval, Munici-
pal or public purposes; except and also reserved thereout all existing private and
public rights; except and also reserved thereout to the said lessor full control over
the water frontage of the said premises; except and also reserved thereout to Her
Majesty, Her heirs, successors, and assigns, the right freely to enter, cut, and take
away any timber or trees, gravel, sand, stone, or other material required for the con-
struction of any bridge, road, or public work, as the Chief Commissioner of Lands and
Works may from time to time think fit; except and also reserved thereout to Her said
Majesty, Her heirs, successors, and assigns, all mines and minerals within, upon, or
under the said limits and power, for her and them respectively, freely to work, carry
away and dispose of the same: Provided, That the said lessor, by the Chief Commis-
sioner of Lands and Works, his servant or agent, shall be at liberty at any time during
these presents to enter upon the premises hereinbefore described, and survey the same
and sell and grant all or any part of the said premises, in such manuer as the said
lessor shall think fit, subject, nevertheless, to the rights and privileges conferred upon
the said lessee by these presents for the term hereby demised; and reserving to the
said lessor the right to collect the rents hereby reserved, and the benefit of all the
covenants herein contained; to hold the said premises hereby leased unto and to the
use of the said lessee, for the term of years from the date hereof, for the purposes
aforesaid, rendering therefor yearly to Her Majesty, Her heirs and successors, in every
year during the said term the annual rent of dollars, the first of such payments
to be made on the execution of these presents, and the succeeding annual payments on
the day of
in each year respectively during the said term, at the Land
,
CANADIAN TIMBER REGULATIONS: PROVINCE OF B. COLUMBIA. 577
Office, Victoria, or to the Assistant Commissioner of Lands and Works of the District,
without any deduction or abatement whatever; and the said part of the second part
hereby, for
, executors, administrators, and assigns, covenant with the
said lessor in manner following, that is to say: that the said lessee will pay the rent
herein before reserved, at the times and in the manner herein before appointed, and
will not assign any part of the premises, rights, powers or privileges hereby granted,
without the permission in writing of the said Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works
first had and obtained; and will at all times pay all rates, taxes, and assessments
whatsoever (if any) which may be made, assessed or levied for or in respect of any of
the premises; and shall during the said term maintain and keep in regular and
continuous working and repair (save when prevented by inevitable accidents)
lumber mill capable of cutting not less than thousand feet of lumber per day,
in some part of the Province of British Columbia, as the Chief Commissioner of Lands
and Works may approve of in writing; and shall also make reasonable use within
reasonable periods of the whole of the premises hereby granted, and apply the same to
the purposes hereinbefore mentioned, and perform this covenant to the satisfaction of
the said Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the time being.
Provided, and it is hereby agreed, that if any rent or moneys falling due hereunder
shall be in default or unpaid for the space of one calendar month after the same shal[
have respectively become due, then, and upon every such default, whether any pre-
vious one shall have been previously condoned or not, it shall be lawful for the said
lessor, by the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, his agent or servant, into and
upon the said premises to enter, and therefrom to distrain, seize, take, and sell any
goods and chattels there found, and out of the proceeds of all such sale or sales to
repay herself and themselves such rents or moneys so due, and all costs and expenses
attendant on such distress and sale, and so nevertheless that no exercise of this power
shall be construed to prejudice or affect any other powers, remedies, or forfeiture ac-
cruing to the said lessor for the time being under these presents. Provided, always,
and these presents are upon this express condition, that if the said lessee shall fail to
fulfill, keep, and observe all and singular the payments, covenants, and stipulations
hereinbefore contained, and on part to be paid, observed, and performed, or any
of them, or any part thereof respectively, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, Her heirs,
successors, or assigns, by the said Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, his agent,
or servant, upon three calendar months' notice to that effect from the Chief Commis-
sioner of Lands and Works, or under the hand of any person duly authorized by him
in that behalf, and delivered at
the house or office of the said lessee, or
affixed to some part of said land, absolutely to forfeit all the rights and privileges of
entering, cutting spars, timber, or lumber, or otherwise, hereby conveyed, or so much
thereof as shall be specified in that behalf in any such notice, and thereupon these
presents and all the rights and privileges therein contained shall, so far as in accord-
ance with such notice, cease, determine, and be of none effect, any rule of law or
equity to the contrary notwithstanding, without any actual re-entry on the part of
the said lessor, or inquisition, or office found, or other proceeding whatever.
lastly, it is hereby declared that if at any time during the continuance of the tenancy
hereby created, all or any portion of the said hereditaments and premises hereby demised
shall in the opinion of the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works be required for
the purposes of the projected railway, or shall be selected as part of the grant to the
government of the Dominion of Canada, as agreed upon in the terms and conditions
of the Union between British Columbia and the Dominion of Canada, it shall be law-
ful for the said Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, or other person duly author-
ized by the government in that behalf, to resume possession of the said tenements and
premises, or so much thereof as may be required for the purposes aforesaid, upon the
said Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, or other the person duly authorized by
the government in that behalf, giving to the said lessee one calendar month's
notice in writing; such notice to be affixed to any conspicuous part of the demised
premises of such requirement as aforesaid; and at the expiration of such notice, these
presents and the tenancy hereby created as to such part of the tenements and premises
contained in such notice shall absolutely cease and determine without compensation.
Provided further, that the interest, rights, and privileges of the lessee in the said
bereditaments, tenements, aud premises, shall be construed as subject always to all
the provisions of the "Land Act, 1875."
And
In witness whereof the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals, the
day and year first above written.
Witness, His Honor
the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia,
acting on behalf of Her Majesty, and the great seal of the Province of British Column-
bia, hereunto affixed.
[Witnessed by three persons.]
37 FOR
578
CANADIAN TIMBER RESOURCES: BRITISH COLUMBIA.
[3.] On the Timber Resources of British Columbia.
Mr. H. J. Combie, District Engineer in charge of surveys for the
Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia, was examined in March,
1878, before the Select Standing Committee on Immigration and Coloni-
zation in the Dominion Parliament with reference to the resources and
capabilities of British Columbia, and made some statements that have
interest in reference to the timber resources of that Province, which we
present below. We reduce to narrative form, the information scattered
through several pages of questions and answers.
"The country is generally mountainous, but between the two great
ranges of mountains-the Coast Range and the Rocky Mountains-there
is a high plateau which is deeply seamed with valleys. The country is
not subject to fogs, and not to any great extent to heavy dews. A very
small proportion of the plateau is available for agriculture, but more for
pasturage. The plateau averages 3,000 feet above the sea, and the tops
of the hills rising above it are covered with timber. The valleys are fit
for cultivation, but the portion above that and below the timbered tops
of the hills not fit for agriculture would amount to two-thirds of the
plateau. In the interior, or bunch-grass country, there is very little
timber. There are some parts of the valley of the Lower Frazer which
are suited for settlement, but difficult to clear on account of the size of
the timber-chiefly Douglas fir. The trees are generally cut teu feet
up from the ground to avoid the swell near the root, and their diameter
at the place where cut is sometimes eight feet. There are a great
many trees of this size, and from this down to 4 feet. On the best land
many of them extend from 60 to 100 feet before reaching the branches.
None of the timber is sawn until a vessel arrives with a bill of the various
sizes required. It is generally exported to Australia. Some is sawn
into boards, and a large portion into scantlings, some of which are 12
by 18 or 18 by 24. There are not many small trees as the large ones
overshadow the undergrowth. On the Lower Frazer there are ridges
covered with smaller timbers which are not as yet taken up. This tim-
ber is mixed with poplar and other kinds.
"There are only two saw-mills in British Columbia at the present time,
both at Burrard Inlet. In October, 1877, there were eleven vessels
loading there at once from these two mills, which were sawing and sup-
plying the vessels as quickly as they could stow it. So far the timber
has been cut within a short distance of the waters of Burrard Inlet,
seldom more than a mile. The saws used are circular, one running
above the other, each 6 feet in diameter, so as to make one cut, the saws
running so as almost to touch. Up to 1874 the logs were drawn by
oxen, over skids, a great many oxen being required, as there is no snow,
but since that time they use a traction engine.
"The timber on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains is of the
same character as on the cascades, but not so large; still it is large
enough for use in commercial purposes, and as much as the country will
require for many years."
In answer to questions Mr. C. remarked that the manufacture of
lumber would not be profitable unless orders were first received. They
bring the logs into booms and keep them lying until they receive an
order. He had seen only one ship-load of spars, which went to the
Admiralty. It is understood that one load is supplied yearly for this
use. There is also some very fine timber on Vancouver Island of the
same class. It is somewhat like the balsam of Canada, but gummy and
very hard.
CANADIAN TIMBER RESOURCES: BRITISH COLUMBIA.
579
On the northern part of the coast, near Skeena River, a kind of cedar
grows with a very close fiber and durable, but in very limited quantity.
There is no demand for timber of small size, and the cost of clearing
lands of heavy timber is more than their value. The timber is chiefly
evergreen with some soft maple and small birch, both white and yellow.
There is also an alder tree that reaches a diameter of eighteen inches.
It is the only wood that makes a pleasant hardwood fire. There is also
a scrubby kind of red oak growing upon Vancouver Island, but it is
of no particular value. The arbutus tree also grows upon that island to
a large size, but it has no commercial value.
Mr. P. O'Leary, when questioned upon the timber of British Colum-
bia, stated that on the Frazer River and along the coast there was much
large timber, in fact one great forest extended along the sea shore for
some hundreds of miles. There is much timber on Vancouver Island,
but generally not of so fine a quality as that on the main land. The
timber from Burrard Inlet is shipped to Honolulu, Mexico, South
America, China, and Australia. Much timber is sent to San Francisco,
but the principal part across the Pacific.
In an inquiry by the Select Standing Committee on Immigration and
Colonization in 1879, the Hon. A. Bunster, M. P. of British Columbia,
in answer to questions concerning the timber resources of British Co-
lumbia, mentioned the superior qualities of the Douglass pine, espe-
cially for shipbuilding, in which it was used for masts, deck planking,
ship timbers, outside planking, and knees. Besides the two principal
mills on Burrard Inlet there were one at Nanaimo, Mr. Saywar's at Vic-
toria, one at New Westminster, and four others in various parts of the
province-in all ten. Out of these but three or four large ones fur-
nished lumber for export, namely, one at Victoria, one at Nanaimo, and
two at Burrard Inlet. Another mill was being erected at Cowichan,
and one at Chemamis, which had already shipped cargoes.
The mode of lumbering was altogether different from that in Canada.
They did not wait for snow, but built skids and hauled the timber along
them during the summer as well as in the winter season, the business
being carried on throughout the year. These skids are prepared by
taking four or five logs and making a continuous bridge or support, and
across these the logs laid and rolled along. The mills export lumber to
Chili, China, Australia, Brazil, Cape of Good Hope, San Francisco,
New Zealand, Spain, England, and Russia. Some is sent to the Saud-
wich Islands, but not much. Some is sent to Rio Janeiro, and a great
deal to Australia, but the Australian market was not so good now as it
formerly was. There are no other manufactories for preparing woods
before exportation. But very little shipbuilding has been attempted.
The lumbermen had purchased large timber tracts in former times, in
fee simple, and the government had lately adopted a system of leasing
lands at a cent an acre per annum, upon the condition that the parties
should go in and erect a mill. They have a kind of rule for cutting so
many thousand feet a day, and if they exceed 50,000 feet a day they get
so many more acres of land. There is a graduated rate, according to the
number of thousands of feet the mill is capable of cutting.
The mills cut only when they have orders, and they always keep a
supply of logs in the boom.
Besides the pines, there is a kind of bird's-eye maple, mixed with other
trees, with some oak, a kind of basswood, and hemlock.
580 CANADIAN TIMBER: PUBLIC WORKS: SLIDES AND BOOMS.
(4.) Exportation of Lumber from British Columbia during the first ten years of the Lumber
Trade of that Province.

Years.
Plank.
Rough.
Dressed.
Bundles
Feet.
Feet.
M.
or M.
No.
1861
288, 650
1862
$3,416
205, 600
3,000
878
1863
322, 700
3,200
951
13 cords
1864
2,729
9, 885
2, 687, 460
430, 194
579
55
1865
1 flag-pole
43, 490
2, 120, 410
267, 246
1
42
251
1866
80, 195
1, 271, 611
342, 931
50
7
257
1867
70, 807
4, 146, 000
122,000
908
175
1,424
175 pieces
86, 691
1868
15, 637, 303
696, 922
835
21 cords
512
8
1869
{92 M piles
184, 135
1870
18, 814, 381
7,544, 073
1, 427, 126
1, 035
1, 433
790
252, 154
2, 342, 903
841
200
832
420 bundles...
128, 257
VII.-PUBLIC WORKS OF CANADA HAVING RELATION TO
THE TIMBER INTERESTS.
The Public Works of Canada directly or indirectly subordinate to the
Timber interests are: (1.) SLIDES AND BOOMS, to effect the passage of
timber where impediments to navigation exist and where no canal con-
nects the reaches of natural navigation; and (2.) THE CANALS. A con-
cise statement of the extent and operations of each will be given.
1. SLIDES AND BOOMS.
(a.) Description and extent.
The Slides are inclined planes of timber, planked, and descending by
a convenient grade and in a direct line from the navigable waters above
a fall or rapid to the still waters below. They have booms at the place
of entrance and sometimes at the place of discharge, forming artificially-
closed bays for retaining the timber. These works have been con-
structed by the government upon the Saguenay, St. Maurice, Ottawa,
and Trent Rivers and their tributaries, and upon the waters leading
into Georgian Bay. They are in charge of the Minister of Fublic Works
of the Dominion Government.
The Saguenay has a slide 5,840 feet long, taking timber from Lake St.
John into the river, with a boom 1,344 feet long, and dams, piers, and
bulkheads. Works are also constructed on La Petite Décharge, the less
of the two affluents of Lake St. John; begun in 1856, finished in 1860.
The St. Maurice has seven, and one of its tributaries, the Vermillion,
has two slides. Several affluents have booms, piers, and other works.
The principal tributaries of the St. Maurice River are the Shawenigan,
Mokinak, Matawan, Petit Bostonais, Grand Bostonais, Croche, Ver-
million, Tranche, Grand Pierriche, and Manounan.
The Ottawa District has 73 works for the descent of timber, of which
11 are on the main river, 1 on the Gatineau, 15 on the Madawaska, 2 on
the Coulonge, 1 on the Black, 31 on the Petewawa, and 12 on the River
du Moine.
CANADIAN TIMBER: PUBLIC WORKS: SLIDES AND BOOMS. 581
On the River Ottawa these works comprise 2,000 lineal feet of canals,
3,834 of slides, 29,855 of booms, 8,655 of dams, 345 of bulkheads, and
1,981 bridges, besides 52 piers, 3 slide-keepers' houses, and 3 store-
houses. Lumbering began on this river in March, 1799.
The Gatineau, which is 400 miles long, unites with the Ottawa at a
point 2 miles below the city of Ottawa, and drains an area of about
9,000 square miles. The works are at a station a mile from its mouth,
consisting of 3,071 feet of canal, 4,138 of booms, and 2 of bridges,
besides 10 piers and a slide-keeper's house.
The Madawaska is 240 miles long, drains an area of about 4,100 square
miles, and unites with the Ottawa 136 miles above St. Anne. The 15
slides have in all a length of 1,750 linear feet, with 18,179 feet of booms,
4,080 of dams, and 182 of bridges, besides 43 piers, a slide-keeper's
house, and a workshop.
The Coulonge is 160 miles long, drains 1,800 square miles, and dis-
charges into the Ottawa 184 miles above St. Anne. It has 3 booms, in
all 2,548 feet in length, supported by 10 piers.
Black River empties into the Ottawa 193 miles above St. Anne, is 128
miles long, and drains about 1,120 square miles. It has 1,139 linear
feet of single-stick booms, 873 feet of slide, 346 feet of glance pier, and
135 feet of flat dam.
The Petewawa is 138 miles long, and drains 2,200 square miles, uniting
with the Ottawa 218 miles above St. Anne. Seven miles from its
mouth it separates into two branches. On these 7 miles there are 5
stations, on the north branch 15, and on the south branch 8 stations,
having in all, 5,577 feet of slides, 11,140 of booms, and 3,496 of dams,
besides 30 piers.
The Du Moine is 120 miles long, and drains about 1,600 square miles.
It flows into the Ottawa 256 miles above St. Anne, and has 300 feet of
slide, 800 of boom, and 1,324 of dams, besides 6 piers.
River Trent and Newcastle District.-The Trent navigation extends
from Trenton, on the Bay of Amité, to Fenelon Falls, at the north end
of Sturgeon Lake in one direction, and following the southwest on the
opposite route, passes by the River Scugog into the lake of that name,
and to Port Perry at the head of the lake. The total distance, 190
miles, has 1551 miles of navigable waters, and 343 in which locks, booms,
slides, &c., are used at points to facilitate lumbering. Since 1855 a
part of the works have been in charge of a committee of persons in the
lumber trade, who collect tolls on timber passing through.
}
582
CANADIAN TIMBER
TIMBER STATISTICS: SLIDES AND BOOMS.
Years ending June
30-
On River to Junction
with Ottawa.
Years.2
(b.) Timber and Saw-Logs that passed the Government Slides and Booms, on the Ottawa ard
its Tributaries, in each Calendar year from 1851 to 1879, inclusive, and the Revenue accrued
therefrom.¹

Square and Flat-
tened Timber
(Number of
pieces).
1851
1852
243,
628
1853
369, 272
102, 286
130, 420
$23,554 00
29, 912 00
1854
197, 100
162, 580
1855
302, 157
178, 729
28, 844 00
28,888 00
1856
222, 686
122, 320
28, 450 00
1857
272, 988
151, 668
32, 269 00
1858
299, 244
172, 080
35, 634 00
1859
214, 880
189, 100
27, 936 00
1860
255, 084
261, 129
33, 724 00
1861
261, 849
365, 792
44,417 00
1862
276, 657
473, 409
49, 660 00
1863
338, 497
270, 045
49, 954 00
1864
424, 999
413, 269
56, 281 00
1805.
399, 841
599, 404
70, 064 00
1866
300, 659
549, 184
59,930 00
1867
245, 848
785, 481
56,798 00
1868
298, 791
1, 096, 845
74,272 00
1869
186, 377
1, 972, 109
56, 731 00
1870
317, 047
891, 293
101, 716 00
1871 3
266, 407
1, 170, 076
68, 167 00
1872
286, 804
1, 168, '734
70, 152 68
1873
289, 473
1, 674, 042
101,778 52
1874
303, 268
2, 024, 980
110,185 32
1875
280, 390
2,264, 126
117,989 39
1876
299, 218
1, 905, 936
104, 225 16
1877
244, 591
1,748, 493
84, 399 38
1878.
445, 430
1, 132, 073
98, 258 83
1879
286, 243
1, 023, 958
69, 960 48
161, 437
1, 118, 958
58, 519 05
In a note accompanying a statement of the amount of Timber and Saw-Logs passed these slides
from 1851 to 1870, inclusive, as given in the Report on Inland Revenues for the year ending in 1870, we
find the following: "This statement does not include Saw-Logs cut by Gilmour & Co. on the Gatineau,
and by E. B. Eddy on the Bonnachere, &c. (amounting to 190,000, nearly, in 1870), nor those cut on
tributaries of the Ottawa below the Gatineau, such as the rivers Aux Lievres, Rouge, and Petite Na-
tion, beyond this agency, which are exported in barges without passing through government slides or
booms previously to being sawed up. There are also fully 200,000 logs, from the head-waters of the
Rideau and Mississippi (?), that go out to the front, sawn or unsawn, without descending the Ottawa.
Including all these, the total of Ottawa logs for 1870 would be about 2,000,000.”
2 Before 1873, the years given are those ending December 31; since then, they are fiscal years, ending
June 30.
3 Much stock timber, of previous seasons, from Upper Petewawa, had not come down on 30th June,
1871.
(c.) Revenue accrued on the undermentioned Works during the last eight years.
Madawaska.
Petewawa.
Du Moine.
Black River.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
On River to Junction
with Ottawa.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
1872.
1873..
1874..
1875
1876..
1877.
1878
1879...
$25,286 09 $7, 677 26
28,656 76 | 7,490 00
36,384 24|| 9, 171 43
20,313 25| 6,116 03
18,065 08 6, 433 46
15,756 42 6, 675 53
13,853 60 5, 304 98
11,264 74 3, 715 37
$9, 437 63 $6,407 86
6, 230 24 | 4,467 68
6, 633 95 4, 993 91
8,803 33
6, 433 18
8,703 67
3, 595 87
2,802 51
$1, 909 25 $3, 087 27 $4,307 28
3, 195 32 5,466 06 6, 347 78
3,200 74 4, 286 98 4, 612 94
4,802 80 | 2, 316 88 | 4, 063 83 | 4, 021 16
3,467 851, 450 23 | 3,053 24 | 2,950 68
5, 198 80 3, 649 35 4,080 82
$4, 846 81
7,334 20
4,073 73
4, 138 43
2, 850 04
3, 615 72
5, 945 72
1,209 12
1,774 37
906 50
1, 511 08
2,442 99
2,870 98 1, 051 48 | 1, 033 97
1,828 51
925 50
On River to Junction
with Ottawa.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
On River to Junction
with Ottawa.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
Saw-Logs (Num-
ber of pieces).
Revenue ас-
cruel.


CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: SLIDES AND BOOMS.
583
Year ending June
30-
Maple.
Oak.
Year ending June
30-
Ash.
Basswood.
Years ending June 30-
On River to Junction
with Ottawa.
(c.) Revenue on the undermentioned Works, &c.-Continued.
Coulonge.
Gatineau.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
1872...
1873.
1874.
1875..
1876..
1877.
1878...
1879...
$3,835 42 $3, 224 39 $5, 811 97
3, 917 74 | 4, 035 24 | 9, 273 61
3, 501 36 3,375 0312, 398 59
4,286 88
3, 668 96 |14, 432 55
$355 00
609 17
1, 423 12
744 88
$25, 592 29
23, 161 52
23,933 37
26, 516 18
3, 196 92 |
3,092 38
10, 734 78
846 08
21, 825 46
$101, 778 52
110,185 32
117, 989 39
104, 225 16
84,399 38
4, 216 54
5, 420 33
6, 824 56
28, 171 31
98,258 83
1, 234 34
1,712 78
8, 298 54
28,020 45
69, 960 48
2,999 894 56
7,
58,519 05
f
2,484 98 | 2, 999 65 |
19,742 66
1875: St. Maurice Works, $15,363.80; Saguenay Works, $2,038.09; grand total, $121,627.05.
(d.) Number of Pieces of Square and Flattened Timber, &c., of each Kind, passed the Gov-
ernment Slides and Booms on the Ottawa and its Tributaries, from 1872 to 1879, inclusive.
Beech.
Birch.
1872
3
169
19
17
4, 184
185
50
1873..
26
1
23, 608
374
1874..
1,327
211
4
1
8, 930
324
1
1875.
8,357
890
44
339
11
7,211
1,714
1876.
3, 360
351
10
5
338
14
3,271
837
92
1877.
1,038
271
28
72
6, 851
489
239
1878
1,342
03
4
8, 522
477
1,508
1879...
309
8
2
1
2,079
31
286
White Pine.
Red Pine.
1872.
5
1873...
7
193
195
251, 231
235, 417
31, 670
13
22, 082
24
1,210
848
314
1874...
10
313
212, 439
46, 293
6
509
3
1875..
142
860
177, 715
91, 030
8
6,873
1876.
20
967
191, 578
38, 548
122
1877..
4,882
20
66
476
381, 066
50, 417
15
3, 123
1878
205
13
229, 363
25, 307
27
1879.
1,470
2
130, 215
28, 242
8
238
Balm of Gilead, 2, in 1874-'75.
Spruce.
Tamarack.
Whitewood.
Poplar.
Butternut.
Cedar.
Elm.
Hemlock.
On River to Junction
. with Ottawa.
Further through Ot-
tawa Works.
Main Ottawa, including its
tributaries without Gov.
ernment Improvements.
Total.


584
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
1872.
1873
1874
•
Year ending June 30—
1875
1876
1877
1878.
1879
1878, other wood, 104 pieces.
(d.) Number of Pieces of Square and Flattened Timber, &c.-Continued.

Cribs, Deals.
Cribs, Hop Poles.
Spars.
Railroad Ties.
Piles.
Cribs, Dimension
Timber.
61
289, 473
1
19
20,000
10,000
303, 368
280, 390
762
202
3, 800
781
1309
299, 218
31
186
244, 591
91
386
19
445, 430
35
40
90
268, 243
16
161, 437
1 Cribs of sawn lumber.
2. CANALS OF CANADA.
The Canals of Canada have an intimate relation to the commercial
interests of our Northern Frontier, as no vessel larger than a canal-boat
could pass from the upper lakes into Lake Ontario, and no craft of any
description could enter from the tide-waters of the Saint Lawrence into
either Lake Champlain or Lake Ontario without using them. The tim-
ber-products of each country, to a large extent, seek a market by pass-
ing through these canals, and in all questions looking to future supply
the forest resources of each country will naturally tend to the supply of
both.
(a.) Description and Extent of the Canadian Canals.
These may be grouped as follows, by routes:
The Saint Lawrence and Lakes.
The Ottawa Canals to the city of Ottawa.
The Rideau Navigation from Ottawa to Kingston.
The River Richelieu to Lake Champlain.
The Saint Peter's Canal, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
[1.] The SAINT LAWRENCE CANALS, six in number, surmount the rapids between
the head of navigation at Montreal and the foot of navigation from Lake Ontario.
They have locks 200 by 45 feet, and a depth of 9 feet of water; width of canal at sur-
face 90 to 150 feet, and at bottom 50 to 80 feet. They arc-
(a.) LACHINE CANAL, 8 miles; 5 locks; 444 feet rise.
(b.) BEAUHARNOIS CANAL, 114 miles; 9 locks; 824 feet rise.
(c.) CORNWALL CANAL, 11 miles; 7 locks; 48 feet rise.
(d.) WILLIAMSBURG CANALS (Farran's Point, Rapide Plat and Galops), together,
123 miles; 6 locks; 311 feet rise.
[2.] The BURLINGTON BAY CANAL is a cut through a sand-bar at the west end of
Lake Ontario, opening navigation to Hamilton and to Dundas, via the Des Jardines
Canal. It is half a mile long, has no locks, and affords a channel 108 feet wide at the
narrowest part.
[3.] The WELLAND CANAL, 27 miles long, connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario,
and has 27 lift-locks and a total rise of lockage of 330 feet. The summit is 8 feet
above Lake Erie, and is at present fed by Grand River; but improvements now in
progress will require no supply of water other than from the lake. The present locks,
of smallest size, are 150 by 263 feet, and the depth of water is 10 feet; but the scheme
of the new work provides for locks 270 by 45 feet, with a depth of 14 feet.
[4.] OTTAWA KIVER has its navigation improved by SAINT ANNE'S LOCK (3 feet
risc, 190 by 45 feet, and depth 7 feet), and the CARILLON, CHUTE À BLONDEAU and
GRENVILLE CANALS. The smallest locks on the latter are 128 by 315 feet, with 6 feet
depth, but new works are in progress.
[5.] The RIDEAU CANAL, 1263 miles long, connects Ottawa and Kingston, with 32
locks up and 14 down; a rise of 2324 feet and descent of 161 feet; locks, 134 by 33 feet;
depth, 44 feet.
Total Number of
Pieces Timber.

CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
585
[6.] SAINT OUR'S LOCK has a rise of 5 feet, and is 200 by 15 feet, with depth of 7
feet.
[7.] The CHAMBLY CANAL, 12 miles long, has 9 locks, the smallest 113 by 23 feet;
depth, 7 feet.
[8.] SAINT PETER'S CANAL connects the south coast of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia,
with Bras d'Or lakes, crossing an isthmus and giving access to the ocean. It has 4
pairs of tidal locks, 122 by 26 feet, depth 13 feet. Closed since June, 1876, for work.
When finished the locks will be 200 by 48 feet, and depth 15 feet.
(b.) Rules for Conversion of Measures or Number into Weight, established by Law for the
Canadian Canals.
Tons.
Tons.
Ashes, 3 barrels..
1
Shingles, 12 M or bundles
1
Bark, 4 cords..
1
Barrels (empty)10
1
Boards and sawed lumber, 6,000 feet,
Split posts or fence rails, 1,000 pieces.
Staves and heading (pipe), 1,000 pieces.
Staves and heading (West India), 1,000
1
(board measure).
1
pieces...
1
Boat knees, 4 pieces
1
Floats, 50 linear feet
Stavcs and heading (barrel), 1,000
pieces..
21
Fire-wood, 1 cord
Hop poles, 60 pieces, or 40 cubic feet.
Staves and heading (salt-barrel), 1,000
pieces...
Hoops, 10,000 pieces.
1
Saw-logs, standard
Masts and spars, 40 cubic feet
Telegraph poles, 5, or 40 cubic feet
Railroad ties, 16 pieces, or 50 cubic
feet.
Square timber, 50 cubic feet.
Traverses, 5 pieces, or 40 cubic feet.
All wooden ware or partly manufact-
ured wood, 40 cubic feet.
1
1
(c.) Total and Comparative Tonnage of Forest Products passing through Canadian Canals
(fiscal years).
Years.
Forest
Welland Canal.
Total
Products. Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Saint Lawrence Canals.
Chambly Canal.

Forest
Products.
Total
Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Forest
Products.
Total
Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
1848
52, 902
307, 611
17
68, 351
1849
164, 267
73, 556
351, 596
21
70, 310
1850
213, 153
107, 335
399, 600
27
124, 948
1851
288, 103
248, 063
691, 627
37
232, 028
1852
450, 400
210, 968
743, 060
28
275, 490
492, 575
1853
277, 486
905, 518
31
272,500
561, 601
1854..
ACUSCA
40
116, 564
18, 835
87
33
61, 164
77, 216
79
53
79, 119
109, 726
72
52
96, 136
111, 726
87
56
67, 875
87, 514
82
48
234, 160
84, 735
797, 210
113, 585
78
32
319, 497
662, 613
49
1855
264, 723
63,006
83, 247
76
849, 333
31
306, 489
1856
541, 254
56
273, 038
90, 854
117, 484
970, 705
77
28
302, 716
1857
634, 536
47
300, 987
87,822
129, 666
68
901, 072
33
327, 343
593, 652
1853.
55
89, 758
235, 582
855, 112
133, 687
67
28
346 498
1859 ..
605, 558
57
71, 709
253, 739
126, 645
57
709, 611
36
386, 873
1860..
631, 769
61
246, 696
96, 452
944, 084
176, 693
54
26
372, 233
1861.
733, 596
51
127, 701
212, 656
217, 117
59
1,020, 483
19
1862
361, 466
886, 908
41
56, 248
238, 213
116, 239
48
1, 243, 774
19
381, 305
1863
964, 404
39
87,296
245, 650
148, 291
59
1, 141, 120
21
8641
459, 739
895, 133
51
168, 752
93, 066
253, 319
66
322, 343
29
18652
114, 202
200, 162
52
283, 391
38, 975
66, 176
59
868, 078
33
1866
443, 021
683, 116
65
312, 312
130, 748
216, 534
60
980, 178
32
491, 012
1867
753, 114
65
298, 225
247, 874
320, 467
77
916, 252
32
1868
548, 529
836, 311
64
279, 508
351, 445
1, 135, 634
410, 430
86
25
594, 426
1869
862, 946
69
258, 978
376, 931
455, 553
83
1, 194, 750
22
1870
590, 385
860, 368
68
·
284, 182
315, 246
1, 274, 818
400, 788
79
22
1871
673,827
996, 936
67
321, 779
437, 560
1, 485, 640
518, 334
84
22
1872
582, 789
1, 146, 275
51
-
276, 429
472, 200
549, 442
86
1. 263, 223
22
1873
310, 153
681, 278
46
310, 376
248, 701
1, 330, 629
344, 641
72
23
329,096
1874
706, 192
46
305, 661
222, 288
1,503, 750
369, 055
62
20
290, 964
1875.
682,980
42
204, 471
93, 183
1, 116, 418
274, 951
34
18
320, 382
1876
684,709
46
212, 233
96, 241
1,097, 198
19
203, 963
1877
604, 719
33
271, 605
65,088
1, 100, 849
232,695
228, 848
41
25
1878.
247, 868
590, 001
42
208, 784
1,079, 200
19
1879
173, 756
537,862
148, 709
907, 518
16
129, 083
489, 636
125
32
27
44, 878
46, 962
49, 997
204, 761
172, 985
158, 985
12272
29
1 Half year ending June 30.
2 For fiscal year ending June 30, since 1864.
586
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
(c.) Total and Comparative Tonnage of Forest Products, &c.—Continued.
Years.
Forest
Products.
Total
Tonnage.
Burlington Bay Canal.
Saint Anne's Lock.
Ottawa and Rideau Canals.

Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Forest
Total
Products. Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Forest
Total
Products. Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
1850
12, 659
54, 996
1851
17, 173
58, 108
1832
19, 080
75, 411
1853
25, 474
87,858
2233
29
49, 369
92, 600
59, 830
105, 933
25
85, 566
99, 054
88888
83
86
29
1854
119, 236
135, 655
89
10, 444
77,778
13
99, 502
1855
120,069
83
8, 994
80, 210
11
109, 710
1856..
126, 361
87
9, 559
97, 104
9
154, 457
1857
169, 401
91
19, 528
69, 751
29
1858
133, 381
148, 845
89
17,973
59, 254
30
1859
138, 240
154, 444
89
55, 280
197, 453
88, 521
224, 241
80
62
69, 875
1860
88, 696
72
55, 108
442, 249
140, 251
472, 505
93
39
185, 036
1861.
204, 574
90
36, 193
313, 367
344, 079
178, 674
91
20
179, 838
1862
199, 097
90
182, 356
47, 467
213, 491
95
191, 777
25
212, 268
1863
228, 096
93
48, 729
316, 506
337, 380
94
162, 305
30
221, 652
18641
240, 370
92
36, 819
329, 407
59, 524
360, 028
90
61
42, 304
47, 410
18652
89
107, 979
49, 166
121, 976
116, 881
91
40
219, 116
1566
239, 530
92
34, 143
289, 545
135, 936
323, 141
90
25
261, 024
1867
282, 501
93
40, 310
366, 891
172, 384
397, 036
85
23
1868
318, 201
343, 129
92
36, 337
427, 990
470, 242
91
138, 837
23
348, 797
1869
373, 583
94
478, 466
27, 744
520, 563
92
121, 674
23
350, 101
1870
376, 162
93
25, 624
459, 821
121, 403
502, 835
92
21
463, 331
1871
483, 346
91
585, 446
21, 015
620, 565
94
141, 882
15
344, 419
1872
358, 962
96
559, 679
20, 567
599, 435
93
122, 473
17
96, 091
100, 665
96
1873
496, 263
10, 461
517, 953
96
75, 712
14
1874
792, 016
50, 771
824, 897
96
197, 563
26
1875
719, 280
29, 340
750, 856
96
137, 733
20
1876
715, 978
746, 327
96
14, 404
109, 571
14
1877
553, 989
587, 464
94
13, 879
116, 016
12
1878
649, 082
618, 648
95
4, 106
83, 574
5
1879.
549, 921
3, 855
588, 794
93
81, 426
5
517, 794
557, 825
93
Half year ending June 30.
2 For years ending June 30, since 1864.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
587
Years.
Boards and other
Sawed Lumber.
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products passing the several Canadian Canals during
a series of Fiscal Years.
[1.] WELLAND CANAL.
Cord-Wood.
Shingles.
Staves ofall Kinds.
1852
83, 955
13, 067
488
1853
31, 176
261
82, 021
122, 478
20, 365
210, 021
463
1854
50, 222
408
83, 550
72,566
277, 486
36, 764
109
1855
61, 784
531
79, 107
82, 406
254, 160
61, 323
77
1856
41, 153
1, 691
81, 372
105, 397
1857
68, 915
264, 723
121
29, 172
587
68, 846
109, 301
68, 763
273, 038
128
1858
63, 977
917
61, 848
57, 901
64, 255
300, 987
1859
90
38, 715
1, 065
69, 609
78, 121
46, 302
353, 582
1860
424
28, 201
894
99, 737
115, 081
54, 081
253, 739
322
1801.
21, 126
128
55, 799
23, 769
1862
68, 648
276, 696
87
17, 443
293
•
56, 172
102, 417
212, 656
1863
99, 877
136
12,816
164
51, 389
69, 048
18641
114, 973
238, 213
26
20, 815
170
16, 287
58,277
245, 650
28,816
18652
23
6, 555
885
54, 300
40, 500
118, 852
93, 066
1866
22, 075
3, 331
74, 024
113, 214
114, 629
312, 214}
1867
11, 844
302
81, 513
81, 508
312, 312
186
113, 206
19, 950
21
64, 592
83, 535
298, 225
116, 352
1863
23, 138
16
60, 992
75, 410
110, 624
279, 508
1870
17, 259
44
81, 212
70, 059
134, 538
258, 978
1871
9, 375
88
97, 100
58,969
115, 651
284, 182
1872
13, 940
30
99, 161
94, 384
1873
86, 058
321, 105
343
16, 458
175
(3)
106, 625
1874
93, 427
(3)
107
22, 987
95, 913
1875
75, 462
145
26, 083
13
88, 640
35, 563
1876
344
9,958
28
73, 305
56, 472
888
1877
246
7,385
101, 045
62,084
1878
268
10, 963
40
56, 981
52, 046
1879
169
6, 422
48, 354
48, 742
86
2, 183
'Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30 for this and subsequent years.
3 See next table for this and following years.
Bark.
Timber and othor
Woods.
Total.
588 CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
1872.
1873...
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877...
1878...
1879...
Years.
1872
1873
1874.
1875
1876
1877.
. 1878
1979..
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products, &c.-Continued.
WELLAND CANAL.

Year ending June 30-
Year ending June 30-
[2.] SAINT LAWRENCE CANALS.
Saw-Logs.
Barre's, empty.
Boat Knees.
Floats.
Hoops and Hop-
Poles.
Masts, Spars, &c.
Mahogany.
Railway Tics.
275
20
331
640
418
33
431
221
43
760
281
300
816
13
262
659
837
19
428
3
424
1,029
362
879
125
390
176
258
578
927
70
448
1, 117
433
300
53
220
34
47

Split Posts and
Fence Rails.
Timber, square.
Traverses.
Wooden Ware and
Wood partly man-
ufactured.
Total.
14, 388
272
56,
881
920
276, 429
13, 118
58
71, 741
1, 096
312, 580
5, 308
10
100, 737
200
305, 661
9, 581
66
58,473
565
205, 464
9,066
100
64, 132
338
213, 450
6, 632
88,938
243
272, 775
1, 934
3,769
1
86, 628
250
500
205, 717
4
45, 090
400
208
149, 137

1852
1853
64, 230
80, 218
175, 819
152, 880
501
9, 538
95
25, 308
184❘ 16, 108
264
1854
22, 846
275, 490
272, 500
•
6, 181
187,056
10 17, 323
254
52, 576
1855...
319, 497.
78, 670
178, 488
86
12, 887
91
1856.
36, 267
306, 489
89, 704
181, 667
90
5, 166
181
1857
25, 908
302, 716
68,783
202, 204
43
22, 517
96
1858
33, 700
327, 343
87, 146
202, 629
112❘ 20, 607
595
35, 409
1859
346, 498
389, 899
214, 317
72 13, 605
1, 432
47, 547
1860
666, 872
133, 564
191, 412
111
8,929
1, 044
37, 173
1861
372, 233
127, 303
193, 188
21
9, 862
654
1862
30, 438
361, 466
125, 845
201, 945
86
12, 710
394
1863
40, 325
381, 305
156, 063
217, 392
187
11,623
798
1864
73, 676
459, 739
29, 127
60, 708
4, 443
53
19, 871
1865
114, 202
159, 500
210, 159
13, 854
390
1866
59, 1593
443, 062₫
195, 958
234, 438
8, 462
181
51, 973
491, 012
1867
240, 954
236, 803
14, 922
799
55, 051
548, 529
1868
282, 756
238, 533
18, 419
500
54, 218
594, 426
1869.
287, 074
229, 807
11, 055
130
62, 319
590, 385
1870..
416, 799
182, 269
9, 562
89
65, 108
1871 .
673, 827
317, 396
187, 195
7,086
178
69,527
581, 382
1872
121, 778
103, 337
248
5, 430
112
(¹)
1873
(¹)
119, 477
107, 769
110
6, 926
82
1874
92, 119
80, 067
59
14, 851
40
1875
121, 089
80, 298
91
4, 611
11
1876
62, 625
72, 894
43
4, 241
33
1877
101, 629
62, 637
24
3, 757
1878
68, 557
52, 392
74
2,249
1879 .
37, 501
47, 490
148
952
82888
78
20
58
1 See next table for this and following years.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
589
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876...
Years.
1872.
1873
1874
1875
1876
-
1877
1878.
1879.
Year ending June 30—
(d.) Tons af different classes of Forest Products, &c.—Continued.
SAINT LAWRENCE CANALS.


Year ending June 30-
Saw-Logs.
1,267
26
7, 584
109 | 19, 606
301
672
88
7,538
114
24, 849
22
8, 528
1, 331
22, 904
879
46
9, 724
1, 081
17, 598
1, 234
784
51
5, 324
1, 542
15, 310
537
976
7, 356
759
15, 766
19
447
116
4, 796
1, 162
5, 352
200
428
3,
732
45
7,670
1, 194
Split Posts and
Fence Rails.
Timber, square.
1877..
1878...
1879...
[3.] CHAMBLY CANAL, INCLUDING SAINT OURS' LOCK.
Boards and other
Sawed Lumber.
Cord-Wood.
Shingles.
Traverses.
Wooden Ware and
Wood partly
manufactured.
15, 887
23, 572
22, 433
23, 056
13,
302
310, 153
16, 235
788
27, 175
330, 556
26, 246
17, 622
22,955
290, 964
41, 670
19, 974
701
9, 943
321, 962
5
19, 706
11, 709
611
17,451
205, 358
10
23,578
14, 308
496
11, 820
7,744
249, 340
༡
17, 974
9, 042
471
174, 674
15, 089
7, 460
253
129, 764
Staves.
Bark.
Timber and other
Wood.
1852
26, 851
767 303
1853
215
39, 679
67, 875
60, 081
729
78
1854
23, 847
33, 077
84, 735
7,584
65
1855
132
22, 148
73, 193
63, 006
1,738
129
1
1856
15, 793
90, 854
79, 741
2, 193
178
1857
5, 710
87,822
75, 719
2, 999
217
1858
72
10, 751
63, 353
89, 758
2, 794
76
1859
+
79, 251
5, 486
71, 709
1860
1, 730
66
18
1,587
110, 336
96, 452
1,295
154
1861
15, 916
127, 701
47, 869
1862
6, 936
40
92
1, 311
73, 636
56, 248
2,442
1803
94
160
10, 964
128,990
87,296
1864
3, 177
147 10, 175
30
26, 233
1865
1866
27, 887
90,7693
220,067
168, 753
84
56
10, 948
38, 975
4, 9243
5123
57
34, 4831
130, 7471
1,242
1867
48
26, 517
284, 925
247, 874
2, 853
1868
82
63,585
351, 445
298, 524
1,703
1869
76, 704
303, 828
376, 931
1870
1,784
9, 634
413, 340
315, 246
1871
1, 056
17
23, 147
431, 652
437, 560
993
1872
705
97
38, 723
231, 887
472, 170
1873
3, 705
129
(1)
190, 297
(1)
1,455
1874
84
72, 597
7,290
1875
34
18
61, 232
1876
8,898
15
46, 138
5, 162
45
1877
43, 075
840
24
1878
41, 789
1870
1, 284
2
46, 256
1, 218
20
¹See next table for this and following years.
Total.
Total.

590
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
Year ending
June 30-
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products, &c.—Continued.
CHAMBLY CANAL.
1872
647
117
873
6❘ 10, 973
364
248, 701
1873...
2
10, 654
61
1,739
17, 210
782
222, 290
1874..
2,740
2, 574
13
7,787
430
93, 483
1875
23
14, 149
567
6, 088
31
4, 626
635
96, 264
1876..
6
303
49
6, 947
1
5, 968
395
65, 014
1877..
1
840
54
96
267
7
495
20
44, 879
1878...
91
3, 840
12
35
46,962
1879...
27
2, 350
13
140
49, 997
Years.
[4.] BURLINGTON BAY CANAL.
Boards and other
Sawed Lumber.
Cord-Wood.
Shingles.
Staves.
Bark.
Timber and other
Wood.
1852
18, 130
262
8
1853
258
422
19, 462
199
54
1854
144
9, 631
5, 015
19, 082
25, 474
805
1855
8
8, 630
10, 444
361
1856..
3
9, 248
323
8
1857
16, 672
358
1858
2,498
12, 520
221
1
1859
5, 143
88
34, 320
8,994
9, 579
19, 528
17,973
1, 678
52
1860.
17,923
1,307
37, 937
55, 280
2, 879
40
1861
8, 600
5, 652
16, 809
55, 108
588
22
1862
8, 221
10, 493
21, 729
36, 193
1,248
34
1863
10, 301
448
13, 707
20, 998
47, 467
2, 169
6❘ 13, 656
213
1864
11, 689
12, 930
48, 731
675
9, 359
1865
13, 885
28, 890
36, 819
2, 355
7,520
208
1866..
15, 193
20, 811
49, 166
2, 582
5,872
300
1867
4, 578
34, 143
18, 550
2, 860
12, 170
1868
6, 730
40, 310
18, 679
933
9, 634
4
1869
7,087
11, 002
36, 337
242
9, 812
1870.
6, 687
27,744
10, 364
2, 259
1871..
5, 463
4,371
2,692
4, 153
10, 309
25, 624
333
23
1872
4, 690
627
11
8, 065
1873.
6. 933
(1)
20, 943
(1)
4, 018
2,367
5
2,900
1874
5, 341
8, 805
10
8, 819
10
1875
6, 955
2, 715
270
1876
2, 764
615
1877
1, 533
318
233
315
1878
755
435
416
1879.
1, 198
276
381
1 See next table for this and following years.
Total.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
591
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875...
1876.
1877..
1878..
1879..
Years.
Boards and other
Sawed Lumber.
1872 - -
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1870.
·
-
Year ending June 30—
[5.] SAINT ANNE'S LOCK.
Cord-Wood.
Shingles.
Staves.
Bark.
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products, &c.-Continued.
BURLINGTON BAY CANAL.

Year ending June 30-
40
39
38
68
16
2
Saw-Logs.
Split Posts and
Fence Rails.
Timber, square.
Barrels, empty.
Boat Knces,
Floats.
Hoops and Hop
Poles.
Masts and Spars.
Mahogany.
Railway Tics.
26
200
200
895
621
100
253
894
Traverses.
Wooden Ware and
Wood partly man-
ufactured.
Total.
34
7, 140
20, 507
20
1,040
4
10,468
32
27, 474
50,771
2
18, 503
127
29, 407
5
10, 299
14, 414
233
10, 100
2, 500
2,000
283
22
13, 940
89
4, 195
33
3, 888
Timber and other
Wood.
1852
30,058
1853
49, 561
202
614
44, 783
1854
47, 880
80
568
32, 386
1855
55, 014
5, 131
27, 447
85, 566
76
120, 758
370
51,886
1856
53, 363
11, 650
35
99, 502
1,206
67, 819
1857
80,766
4, 228
109, 718
64
755
43, 600
1858
87,584
5, 053
154, 457
41
1,726
60, 999
57
373
75, 542
133, 381
1859.
63
995
1860
44, 989
91
22, 747
550
516
138, 240
750
529
101, 348
344
1861
77, 694
96
69,875
1,807
84, 618
292
1862.
90, 516
3, 799
13
185, 036
104, 220
2, 895
110
1869
104, 220
1,686
111
179, 838
50
130, 972
253
1864
84, 675
2,878
171
212, 268
3, 498
25, 397
80
1865
16, 218
2, 233
221, 652
650
135, 934
1866.
74, 553
84
42, 304
2, 219
120
173, 921
1867
83, 364
6, 290
219, 116
1, 843
228, 154
25
1868
84, 273
1, 871
261, 024
260, 707
3, 239
1869
82, 716
2, 535
318, 201
3,255
45
252, 714
1870.
90, 906
3, 423
8:
2,076
348, 799
373, 389
89
1871
86, 768
2, 969
350, 101
253, 774
2, 083
8
1872
86, 774
1,083
33, 803
2, 522
463, 331
42
56, 325
1,392
6
344, 334
75
13
5, 868
66, 090
Total.
592 CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
Years.
Years.
Years.
Years.
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products, Sc.-Continued.
[6.] OTTAWA AND RIDEAU CANALS AND LOCKS.

Boards and
other Sawed
Lumber.
Cord-Wood.
Shingles.
Staves.
Bark.
1839
286, 294
1860
110, 339
171
2,080
2,298
137, 076
1861
130, 155
41, 067
442, 249
107
3, 010
·
29, 110
3, 372
39, 578
1862
126, 569
312, 367
3, 543
6, 162
106, 154
1, 016
15, 956
1863
170, 916
182, 356
240
3,306
142, 601
5,539
30, 351
1864
132, 454
316, 506
255
6, 707
2, 378
34, 136
1865
33, 373
45, 118
329, 569
1, 639
15
112, 687
33, 816
1866
119, 629
107, 979
7, 171
200, 412
3, 090
46, 964
1867
140, 407
289, 541
5, 051
249
249, 503
20, 772
1868
150,858
366, 891
5,471
122
282, 443
22, 036
1869
144, 377
427, 990
7,560
238
253,254
43,848
172, 108
478, 466
1870
6, 877
173
384, 787
27, 002
1871
158, 645
459, 414
4, 654
274
354, 652
37, 080
1872
162, 303
585, 446
3, 147
266
343, 753
39, 070
109, 989
559, 438
700
3,857
150
37, 814
496, 263
[7.] OTTAWA CANALS.
1873
89
2, 016
104, 399
20
355, 782
26
1874
34
25
1, 124
118, 362
68
420, 989
1875
105
3,208
158, 490
11
385, 397
275
1876.
165
1
2,359
133, 626
2
284, 235
1877...
149
6, 965
149, 094
21
374, 932
1878...
1,394
6
96
3, 391
121, 718
797
318, 987
1879
34
93
2, 642
128, 827
25
302, 418
16
1873
2,562
1, 233
69
1,762
606
97
468, 661
1874
260
549
56
1,460
450
543, 377
1875
4, 982
1,728
128
20
2, 201
680
13
557, 304
1870
5, 013
566
186
22
2, 160
285
3
428, 623
1877
1, 633
125
163
1
2, 484
1, 327
11
1878.
888
18
152
4, 949
902
65
451, 969
1879
345
47
2, 535
666
42
437, 690
[8]. RIDEAU CANAL.
1873
189
1874
87
1875
108
1876...
117
1877.
138
1878
281
52
1879
330
97
8:85085
33
12, 096
82, 794
801
24, 120
93, 9.55
714
180, 267
13, 368
4
9, 961
11, 103
66
20,484
89, 564
1, 318
11, 220
16
6, 000
97
6, 031
92, 160
805
9, 864
80
473
52
6, 874
73, 152
1, 049
12, 016
3, 455
7,303
63, 426
1,347
12, 445
3, 232
3, 506
63, 597
46
13, 234
4, 409
Total.
other Wood.
Timber and
Total.




CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
593
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876..
1877.
1878..
1879.
Years.
Years.
Years.
Saw-Logo.
Staves and Head-
ing.
(d.) Tons of different classes of Forest Products, &c.-Continued.
[8.] RIDEAU CANAL-Continued.


Shingles.
Split Posts and
Rails.
Timber, squaro.
1873
25, 473
1874
14, 119
3,849
1,774
632
38
400
7, 041
41
604
323, 615
151
2, 150
1875
13, 694
6, 440
3, 871
532
175, 903
51
267
1876
7,689
18, 921
1, 331
36
209
158, 894
74
481
1877
6, 220
65
4,396
683
125, 696
77
104
1878
•
1, 696
1,499
7,500
162
1879
654
348
38
121
111, 157
139
1, 669
6, 106
125
245
98, 290
155
703
3, 322
42
90,378
Traverses.
Saint Peter's Canal.-This reported sawed lumber as the only forest product, the amount being 172
tors in 1873, 762 in 1874, 432 in 1875, and 1,220 in 1876. Since the last-named year it has been closed for
works of enlargement.
[9.] NEWCASTLE DISTRICT CANALS.
1876
1877
84
1878
945
9, 303
8,079
3,872
132
150
48
10
107
52
13, 777
50
1, 043
5, 316
22
57
2, 932
172
350
137
1879
5, 874
1, 964
440
205
· 20
15, 740
2,760
2,386
40
SO
40, 196
14, 450
10, 889
(e.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals during Seasons of Naviga-
tion since 1872.
[1.] TOTAL AND COMPARATIVE TONNAGE.
Welland Canal.
Saint Lawrence Canals.
Forest Products.
Total Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
319, 758
242, 442
1, 506, 484
1, 389, 173
21.2
17.5
295, 080
309, 537
965, 610
30.6
1, 001, 573
30.9
192, 657
1, 038, 050
18.5
254, 447
258, 045
907, 460
28.0
1,099, 810
11.3
255, 060
947, 538
254, 785
26.9
1, 175, 398
21.7
174, 683
841, 486
165, 851
27.6
968, 758
17.1
135, 924
140, 137
865, 664
804, 760
16.9
16. 2
142, 907
943, 658
15. 1
38 FOR
Forest Products.
Total Tonnago.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Wooden Ware
and Wood partly
manufactured.
Total.




594
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
CANAL
Years.
1873.
1874.
•
1875.
1876.
1877..
1878.
1879.
•
Forest Products.
Years.
Years.
(c.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, &c.-Continued.
[1.] TOTAL AND COMPARATIVE TONNAGE—Continued.

Chambly Canal.
Burlington Bay Canal.

Forest Products.
Total Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
1873.
113, 302
1874.
260, 407
43.5
3,457
02, 292
178, 080
1.9
1875
257, 820
35.8
44, 708
174, 556
75, 535
25.6
1876...
242, 115
31. 2
19, 992
125, 524
47, 047
15. 9
1877..
208, 426
22.5
10, 358
99, 351
1878..
39, 922
10.4
197, 703
20.2
13, 709
56, 458
100, 798
13.7
1879..
157, 288
35. 1
3,072
54, 236
88,702
3.5
180, 569
30.0
4, 677
87,877
5.3
Ottawa Canals.
Rideau Canal.
Forest Products.
Total Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Forest Products.
513, 977
551, 273
}
518, 743
559,988
99. 1
197,
799
232, 438
85.9
99.3
159, 777
182, 190
80.7
485, 051
497, 494
97.5
139, 200
163, 382
85.2
500, 368
514, 481
97.3
120, 929
137, 802
87.0
465, 764
487, 651
95. G
97, 394
114, 066
85.3
434, 273
457, 793
95.5
94, 936
109, 939
80. 4
462, 041
486, 722
94.9
94, 176
109, 415
86.0
New Castle District
Canals.
Saint Peter's Canal.
General total.
1873
1874
404
10, 421
3.9
1, 443, 774
3,672, 183
39.2
888
1875
12, 248
7.2
1, 395, 917
3, 577, 548
39.
1,250
1876
18, 116
6.9
1877
28, 130
26, 567
31, 812 88.4
97.9
27, 155
1, 168, 192
2, 992, 141
39.
0
44
752
5.9
1, 219, 981
3, 043, 973
0
40.
1878
1,072, 824
2, 944, 257
36.
0
1879 ..
9, 284
16, 794
10, 488
16, 832
88.5
898, 998
2, 594, 728
34.
4
99.8
914, 968
2,693, 737
33.6
Total Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.
Forest Products.
Total Tonnage.
Per cent. of For-
est Products.


CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
595
Years.
Years.
Years.
Years
(c.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, &c.—Continued.
[2.] WELLAND CANAL.

Lumber, sawed.
Hoops and Hop-
Poles.
1873
13
595
13
692
89, 791
94, 442
629
476
976
1874.
303
130
42, 759
104,403
369
19
1,027
1875
28
528
128
390
49, 879
63,992
309
776
147
1876
927
70
60, 015
111, 146
152
1, 281
253
1877.
40
748
57, 336
65, 202
678
1878
483
34
48,767
44, 842
53
1879
138
20
46, 265
57, 771
32
1, 013
1873
1874
-
91, 483
811
140
9
9, 610
79, 110
30,078
319, 758
1, 697
697
319
9
3, 331
9, 706
200
1875
55, 318
242, 442
322
6, 546
152
165
11, 290
9, 233
1876
192, 657
66, 661
591
242
371
1
8, 628
1877..
8,298
258 045
111, 753
450
404
298
7,285
1878
11, 311
64, 261
254, 785
412
85
1
1879.
2, 668
27, 076
3,995
250
155, 851
119
76
7
6, 204
935
400
140, 137
Barks.
{3.] SAINT LAWRENCE CANALS.
1873
40
1,025
22
&, 658
85, 017
1874
95, 619
7
1, 354
807
46
21, 848
9, 224
80, 706
1875
101, 070
1, (60
22
968
1, 234
1
6, 708
18, 870
71, 703
1876
104, 280
93
1,027
1, 569
537
50
7, 152
17, 856
74, 787
1877
94, 538
745
20
515
477
116
1878
4,880
16, 384
40, 332
74, 098
861
53
200
1, 010
6, 414
3,884
1879
47, 922
40, 608
348
33
1, 171
1, 194
3, 580
46, 123
46, 648
82
470
7,852
7,859
1873.
1874.
22, 820
44, 878
560
42
26, 424
1,280
13, 887
17, 764
69
295, 080
1875.
20, 518
24, 201
6, 907
660
19, 178
84
309, 537
1876...
23, 699
11, 674
364
3,608
14, 259
19
254, 447
1877...
12
16.742
18,734
4,711
561
14, 222
22
255, 060
1878..
3
9,780
15,009
307
3,085
9, 100
174, 683
165
1879..
2
18, 087
8,733
199
1, 109
7,828
175
135, 924
10, 928
259
7,293
142, 907
Woods free.
Railway Tics.
Masts and Spars.



596
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
Years.
Years.
Years.
1873
1874..
1875
-
1876
1877
1878..
1879
Square Timber.
Years.
Wooden Ware and
Wood partly
Manufactured.
Barks.
Barrels, empty.
(c.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, &c.-Continued.
[4.] CHAMBLY CANAL.




Boat Knces.
Floats.
Fire-Wood.
Lumber, sawed.
Hoops and Hop-
Poles.
16
60
7,027
14, 189
6, 452
7,534
87, 071
2,882
59, 220
6
303
5, 315
567
7, 619
52, 444
8, 669
48
666
44, 971
92
54
749
1, 200
1, 137
97
37, 415
27
4,990
1, 674
49, 590
1
1,038
1, 656
50, 871
22
22
377
Shingles.
Split Posts and
Fence-Rails.
1873...
9, 208
12
42
4
18
470
1874.
4, 626
113, 250
27
9
745
1875..
5, 968
02, 292
51
32
395
1876..
75, 535
485
5
20
47, 047
1877.
10
20
13
35
1878.
39, 922
18
6
13
140
1879..
56, 458
199
8
9
155
54, 236
[5.] BURLINGTON BAY CANAL.
1873
1874
1875
• -
9
1,002
6, 105
74
40
5, 807
5, 677
895
5
-
909
5, 257
100
621
1876
44
-
641
2, 064
894
3
1877 ...
33
282
1, 463
250
1878
73
345
641
340
1879
12
576
1,760
8
1873
560
LO
5
1874
-
22, 780
34
1875
12, 879
1,776
3, 401
118
3, 457
44, 708
45, 691
7
1876
96
6, 600
18
19, 992
04
1877.
10, 720
88
10, 358
233
640
1878
1,880
13, 709
12
121
1879
2,000
61
3, 072
260
4, 677
Saw-Logs.
Staves and Head-
ing.
Traverses,
Total.
Railway Ties.
Masts and Spars.

CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
597
(c.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, &c.—Continued.
[6.] OTTAWA CANAL.

Years.
1873
34
48
25
1, 124
108, 372
311, 682
42
1874.
70
3, 208
146, 148
392, 346
39
275
1875
184
1
2, 359
142, 827
330, 984
3
1876
145
6,865
157, 727
328, 302
5
1877
1, 394
102
2, 849
107, 934
1878...
337, 202
798
38
95
3, 284
134, 130
1879 ..
292, 858
35
85
54
1, 359
114, 520
342, 962
24
24
17
1873...
1874.
1875..
1876...
1877..
1878.
1879.
-
Years.
Yeurs.
Total.
་ན
63
50
260
367
5
450
56
26
513, 977
4, 982
1, 191
680
11
215
551, 273
2, 444
4, 730
3
1,278
385
164
23
4,879
1, 859
485, 051
170
56
100
1, 267
500, 368
901
2, 645
21
57
922
335
465, 764
2, 052
91
10
243
705
11
434, 273
22
658
462, 041
[7.] RIDEAU CANAL.

1873 ...
101
33
21, 947
100, 523
51,390
911
1874
112
46
21, 176
83, 014
1875 ...
13, 878
1, 345
127
10, 495
9, 711
102
20
8, 740
94, 658
1876..
8, 939
874
819
109
80
53
6, 900
85, 764
10,915
813
1877.
1, 870
216
12
47
4, 415
63, 600
13, 828
1878
1,559
310
102
2,842
9, 609
50, 55%
14, 103
106
1879
231
4,386
60
2,216
69, 195
14, 778
118
2,994
70
Years.
1873.
360
7
439
54
1874..
8, 995
2, 010
1,681
8,873
9
197, 799
702
146
1875..
9, 693
2,793
15, 122
547
80
159, 777
218
24
1876...
1877...
1878...
1879...
1, 648
9, 092
2,800
12, 160
76
139, 260
185
98
4. 703
703
849
7, 080
209
120, 929
76
158
2,717
388
1, 443
6, 490
47
97, 394
233
160
585
25
320
7,274
18
94, 936
262
140
770
260
2, 724
94, 176
598
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
1876..
1877.
1878.
1879.
1876
1877
1878
1879
Years.
Years.
(c.) Transportation of Forest Products upon Canadian Canals, &c.—Continued.
[8.] NEW CASTLE DISTRICT CANALS.

84
Square Timber.
Wooden Ware
and Wood
partly Manu-
factured.
Shingles.
8, 598
14, 483
182
80
7, 524
5, 721
757
3, 600
1, 510
15
12, 501
1,495
847
Split Posts and
Fence-Rails.
225
1, 268
70
67
124
4,329
230
25
33
1
11, 693
3,896
1, 925
Saw-Logs.
Staves and
Heading.
Traverses.
(f.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, with the view of showing the
movement each way of each class of products between American and Canadian Ports.
[1.] BOARDS AND OTHER SAWED LUMBER IN VESSELS.
(Tons.)
Canadian to Canadian to
Canadian
American
Ports.
Ports.
Years.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Total.
Ports.
General
total.
Up.
Down.
Up. Down.
Up.
Down.
Up.
Down.
Up.
Down.
1852
944
35, 517
1, 455
35, 592
227
85
1853
868
56, 800
828
45, 675
1, 005
1854
8,435
17, 086
393
34, 711
2, 484
1, 696
16, 941
1, 461
172
1855
488
36, 557
5, 283
18, 034
93
51
1856
11, 997
J8, 591
6, 202
208 31, 529 |
19, 473
20, 434
82
149
25, 641
1857
7,858
1, 897
33, 770
14, 718
30, 454
308
205
10, 446
1858.
17, 403
57
S, 284
45, 404
27, 369
494
38, 182
13
990
757
12, 850
1859
1,321
173
2, 910
565
17, 861
79, 771 82, 255
120, 566 122, 262
71, 704 | 72, 269
60, 844 78.705
59,970 105, 374
81, 832
60, 306
109, 201
61, 627
409 | 42, 449
1
1, 521
110
30, 543
1860
693
345
77,423
5, 536
3, 442 | 55, 169
78, 116
3
11
71
1861
50, 491
502
3, 861
776
945 21,383
111, 207
115, 068
7
19
1862
313
1, 473
22, 159
1863
1, 564
3,048
2,564
120
23, 632
29, 776
63
1, 1843
188
21, 362
628
55, 371
2, 458
55, 999
19, 295
234
158
18641
24, 814
378
4, 180
313
1, 274
6, 446
46, 907
51, 087
484
18652
7, 355
2, 044
2,087
7, 15719, 385)
2, 136 | 14, 114 | 16, 250
8013
79
1866
1, 099
22, 425
1,279 | 24, 758
9, 2803 44, 699
21,595
53, 979
184
25, 058
1807
1,056
25, 857
48, 116
4,500
13, 805 15, 891
73, 973
1, 151
1868
1, 303
2, 437
4,995
9, 975
1, 016
35
1869
1, 177
2, 787
1,805
10, 388
2
254
888888
38
44, 878
14, 899
66, 480
81, 379
44, 685
6, 333
58, 143
64, 476
28
1870
44, 544
1,807
2,707
3, 012
57, 973
60, 985
2,400
12,462
878
60, 577
1871
3, 242
4, 087
2,606
4, 207
10, 292
76, 624
80, 831
1, 327
16
75, 530
1872
6, 169
2, 923
871
4,350
5, 864 | 91, 236 | 97, 100
1, 154
83, 677
1873
6, 703
4,356
7, 040 | 92, 104
99,.144
1, 779
3, 514
3, 119
14
86, 567
1874
8, 496
10, 370
97, 556
165
434
106, 052
3, 321
2,213
74, 401
10, 804
1875
17, 130
10, 437
85, 100
95, 904
42
2, 357
2,970
55, 674
17, 172
1870
11, 874
8, 123
71, 438
88, 610
54
1, 873
5,006
46, 342
1877
9, 171
11, 928
4, 685
61, 344 | 73, 272
15
732
9, 741
59, 513
9, 186
1878
6, 754
7, 196
91, 671 100, 857
48
13, 931
4
29, 035
1879..
5, 215
6, 806
50, 162
56, 968
5, 215
5, 215
'Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
Total.
92
28, 130
26, 567
9, 284
16, 794
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
599
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.-Continued.
[2.] BOARDS AND OTHER SAWED LUMBER IN RAFTS.


Canadian to Canadian to
Canadian
Ports.
American
Ports.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Ports.
Total.
Years.
General
total.
Up.
Down. Up. Down.
Up. Down.
Up. Down.
Up. Down.
1852
1, 176
310
208
1, 176
518
1, 694
1853
47
165
4
47
169
216
1854
286
11
11
286
297
1855
402
402
402
1856.
12
3, 601
1, 249
12
4,850
4,862
1857.
8
92
100
100
-
1858
221
221
221
1859
5
5
5
1860
67
198
525
67
723
790
1861
20
117
137
137
1862
15
165
487
15
652
667
1863
302
302
302
18641
37
37
37
18652
53
315
320
3201
1866
51
51
51
1867
134
134
•
134
1868
3
3
3
1869
7
7
7
1870
381
381
381
1871
18
40
18
40
58
1872
17
17
17
1873
363
210
363
210
573
1874
3
6
3
6
9
1875
30
30
30
1876
33
33
33
1877.
188
188
188
1878
13
13
13
1879
10
10
10
[3.] TIMBER, SQUARE, IN VESSELS.
(Tons.)
1852
18, 049
4,375
1853
30, 683
22, 424
5,756
22, 424
1854
15
30
29, 705
8, 220
36, 454
36, 454
50
1855
488
36, 557
5, 28318, 034
93
51
1856
30
11, 997
187
110
38, 112
38, 222
11, 986
6, 202
17, 801
60
60, 844
8, 734
78, 705
1857
30
20
60
13, 067
20,750
6, 208
20, 810
1858
2, 824
10
692
30
30
19, 785
8, 573
22, 791
22, 821
2, 110
20
1859
118
50
23, 133
10
8, 366
30, 586
30, 636
1860
1, 944
512
220
10, 891
10
4, 735
12, 660
33, 965
664
1861
20
2,455
11, 413
240
7,990
18, 745
18, 985
280
1862
11, 451
1,033
20, 736
3,548
20, 736
6
1863
300
17, 350
15, 305
4, 400
15, 305
178
18641
2
18652
OO LC
8
16, 131
3, 460
21, 930
1,375
21, 930
40,708
12 9,360
8
20,966
20, 974
1866
4, 304
175
23,730
10, 225
1, 3261
173 55, 6981
1, 954
55, 716
1867
17,823
2,767
1868
4, 130
26, 324
1,700
1,900
175
37, 609
37,784
3, 130
26, 620
1869
10, 758
26, 620
19, 892
2, 830
3, 800
43.042
43, 042
1870
15, 851
18, 975
4, 110
43, 653
7,328
1871
17, 078
43, 653
160
19, 037
2, 640
10, 351
46, 021
1872
3, 250
46, 021
20
8,933
35, 158
8, 280
160 67, 796
67, 956
1873
1, 820
120
8,770
36, 688
20
7,260
55, 921
1874
2, 670
55, 941
13, 930
50, 846
120
6, 720
69, 546
69, 666
1875
5,670
8, 022
72, 646
2,250
98,966
1876
4,620
98,966
80
7, 200
40, 592
1,656
55, 484
1877
6, 194
55, 484
GO
9, 056
48, 596
80
1, 230
63, 646
63, 726
1878
10, 513
6, 759
65, 275
60
750
86, 074
1879
71, 906
86, 134
2,744
6, 887
229
86, 302
36, 451
86, 302
1,940
41, 364
41, 364
1 Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
600
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.-Continued.
[4.] TIMBER, SQUARE, IN RAFTS.

Canadian to
Canadian
Canadian to
American
American to
Canadian
American to
American
Ports.
Total.
Ports.
Years.
Ports.
Ports.
General
total.
Up. Down.
Up.
Down.
Up.
Down. Up. Down.
Up.
Down.
1832
25
11, 415
8, 143
1853
25
2
13, 916
19,558
1,887
19, 583
1854
2
12, 330
15, 803
1,016
15, 805
1855
402
13, 346
13, 346
1856
402
5
11, 688
402
7,898
5
1857.
3,652
19, 586
5, 906
19, 591
70
1858
70
5, 867
9, 558
2,790
9, 628
1859
100
33, 198
8,657
8, 657
2, 338
1860
22
5,927
100 | 35, 536
35, 036
1,758
22
22
1861
7,707
19.819
7, 729
6, 241
1862
26, 060
4 | 19, 494
26, 060
9, 255
1863
22
4, 256
4❘ 28, 749
28, 753
7,944
18641
3, 584
22
1
2, 693
15,784
6, 158
15, 806
234
18652
1
15,396
9,085
9, 086
6, 644
1866
12, 271
22, 040
22, 040
690
1, 428
1867
14, 389
8, 614
14, 389
4, 730
5, 247
1868.
161
18, 591
223
18, 591
283
161
1869
506
667
1, 827
356
1870
2, 103
2, 103
174
428
10
1871
612
612
18
40
18
1872
40
58
60
860
20
60
1873
880
940
200
$40
225
810
200
1874
1,875
1,765
2,075
40
6
1875
1,771
1,771
499
20
1876
2,450
2, 9:9
2,989
386
406
406
1877
380
17,
17, 377
1878
380
100
17,337
1879
156
84
70
100
226
3, 602
40
3,726
17, 717
326
3,726
[5.1 TIMBER, ROUND OR FLATTED, IN VESSELS.
[Includes Masts and Spars, &c.]
(Tons of 40 cubic feet.)
1852
66
2, 171
727
66
1853
2,898
5, 454
941
276
1854
6, 671
85
4, 239
2,964
6, 671
1, 862
157
242
1855
2, 887
6, 101
16, 343
10, 520
112
112
13, 407
1856
1857
1858
1859
283
1860
1861
1862
4, 504
110
1, 205
3, 111
2, 068
4, 946
13, 519
481
481
4, 504
4, 985
5, 161
5, 271
5, 271
1, 437
3,766
3,700
1, 437
4, 965
6, 402
12, 377
3,766
77, 423
16, 426
5,995
4, 946
5,995
10, 941
9, 292
50
6, 319
16, 812
50 35, 534
35, 584
1, 581
1863
3, 649
3, 649
18
·
31
22
31
40
71
18641
10
10
10
18652
125
125
125
1866
51
23
10
51
33
-
84
1867
88
69
88
69
157
1868
8
562
10
179
741
18
759
1869
6
193
6
193
199
1870
238
238
238
1871
183
9
183
9
192
1872
140
13
230
153
230
283
1873
5
5
5
1874
140
•
135
275
275
1875
80
31
740
4
820
35
855
1879
8
250
250
8
258
1877
52
52
52
1878.
1879.
'Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
601
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.—Continued.
[6.] TIMBER, ROUND OR FLATTED, IN RAFTS.
[Includes Masts and Spars.]
(Tons.)

Canadian to
Canadian
Ports.
Canadian to
American
Ports.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Ports.
Total.
Years.
Grand
total.
Up. Down.
Up. Down. Up. Down. Up. Down.
Up.
Down.
1852
1, 619
13
1, 632
1, 632
1853
47
165
4
47
169
216
1854
3,377
3,377
3, 377
1855
7, 259
1
7, 260
7, 260
1850
12
3, 601
1,249
12
4,850
4,862
1857
2, 201
148
2, 439
2, 439
1858
221
221
221
1859
61
61
61
1860
67
118
525
67
723
790
1861
65
452
517
517
1862
15
165
487
15
652
667
1863
66
801
73
66
66
940
1, 006
18641
1,271
1,271
1, 271
18652
3, 331
3, 331
3, 331
1866
2, 193
2, 193
2, 193
1867
8
253
26
152
8
431
439
1868
1869
1870
1871
134
61
1872
22
9
4
1873
163
128
4
1874
211
140
211
1875
113
31
500
695
095
22
13
35
163
132
295
211
351
562
30
113
61
174
1876
1877
1878
1879
[7.] WEST INDIA STAVES AND HEADINGS.
(Tons.)
1852
8,776
1853
4
12, 936
1,858
755
1, 419
12, 053
12,053
1854
14, 269
15, 096
4, 797
4 28, 787
28, 791
1855
12, 186
19, 384
38,450
2,064
38, 450
1856
3, 157
10, 327
24, 577
2,315
24, 577
1857
348
7,313
9, 084
14, 904
1858
4,906
14, 906
6, 127
4, 190
1859
3, 569
5, 227
21, 459
37, 247
37,247
3, 637
4, 790
1860
1,820
20, 334
20, 334
4,379
1, 794
1,397
11. 233
1861
1, 593
11, 233
972
172
1,240
1, 341
172
5,700
970
5,872
1862
875
2,371
4, 581
1863
1, 119
4, 581
1, 754
1, 058
1864 1
2,999
3, 052
3, 052
645
536
1,582
6,980
335
6, 980
1865 2
2, 850
1, 361
1866
1, 632
2,232
2, 232
138
1867
448
2,254
880
1, 979
5, 5003
5, 500
220
1868
4, 039
2, 6-17
2,647
6, 086
144
1869
2,306
6, 293
6, 293
5, 622
144
1870
1, 731
8, 392
1,995
8, 536
1, 194
1871
1, 899
9, 3-18
9, 348
401
1,725
699
3, 494
3, 494
1872
2, 049
63
1,493
8
955
4, 536
4, 536
1873
949
2, 076
8
4, 524
579
1874
1,376
8, 069
4, 532
1, 248
731
10, 423
1875
8, 069
10, 423
72
749
4
10, 925
1876
1, 807
10, 925
452
48
2, 335
2, 335
1877
413
874
922
35
922
1878
2,411
96
88
2, 947
397
1879
1, 963
2, 947
36
48
30
2, 414
2, 414
482
548
548
'Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
602
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.-Continued.
[8.] PIPE STAVES AND HEADINGS.
(Tons.)
Canadian to
Canadian
Ports.
Years.
Canadian to
American
Ports.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Total.
Ports.
General
total.

Up.
Down.
Up. Down. Up. Down.
Up. Down. Up.
Down.
1852
14, 010
2,322
1853
51
8
14, 209
16, 383
4,981
16, 383
1854
250
8
14, 276
19, 440
4, 622
19, 448
1855
211
11, 909
1, 268
19, 109
19, 109
1856
67
7,382
2, 734
13, 244
13, 244
94
1857
107
12, 226
4,780
10, 317
10, 317
120
1858
368
11, 065
17, 534
3, 136
17, 534
9
1859
159
7, 704
4, 487
14, 369
14,369
914
1860
382
42
2, 992
13, 487
2, 972
13, 487
1861
364
42
2,762
1, 861
6, 328
6,370
1862 ..
2,275
4, 623
1,445
4, 623
1863
2, 594
3, 720
4,332
3,720
280
1864 1
83
990
7, 289
7, 289
672
18652
223
6, 1483
1, 885
1866
3, 2923
1, 885
56
1867
1868
1869
2, 548
7,094
6, 139
3, 664
9, 497
1, 852
9, 497
112
72
4, 584
222
2,066
4,584
112
222
1, 804
9, 272
9,494
92
3
8,038
1, 635
8, 038
176
1870
2,944
5, 475
1,393
5, 475
28
1871
198
2, 964
2,314
4,365
4,365
1872
2,289
294
198
2, 550
7, 861
2,990
8, 059
1873
4, 547
472
1, 331
10, 559
1,292
10, 559
8, 701
1874
899
2,282
12, 223
12, 223
1, 531
1875
10,072
1,228
185
}
15, 113
15, 113
522
1876
5, 186
1, 328
582
7, 221
7, 221
570
1877
3,732
949
768
5, 833
691
5, 833
5,548
1878.
933
187
7,940
324
1879
2,808
7,940
570
168
280
3, 895
3, 895
891
120
176
120
1, 515
1, 635
[9.] BARREL STAVES AND HEADINGS.
(Tons.)
1852
1853
1854.
1855
-
1856
61
144
3,075
1, 604
1, 035
1,774
1, 029
960
2, 740
2,740
·
893
1,922
1, 983
1, 150
1, 150
3,075
4, 225
368
581
635
512
2,320
3, 332
30
1, 317
900
669
1857
42
3,244
1, 317
2, 634
3, 951
58
3,756
328
128
1, 640
3,926
1858
219
2, 122
5, 270
9, 196
392
172
181
926
572
1859
3, 440
818
4, 012
200
48
582
450
1. 383
650
1860
2, 891
128
3, 541
1, 766
4, 694
125
2, 171
128
1861
260
8,756
2, 141
4,470
8, 884
1, 367
260
1862
7,978
179
3, 542
8, 238
195
1, 912
216
374
1863
5, 670
67
2, 895
6, 044
2, 887
3
694
67
18641
6, 479
6,546
187
671
1, 460
143
187
18652
55
2, 075
2,274
2, 461
4,809
83
133
55
1866.
385
1, 163
285
2, 592
7,025
7,080
188
670
1867
3, 943
250
4, 613
993
2. 665
5
250
250
1868
15
1, 364
3, 913
4, 163
150
4, 945
15
75
180
1869.
15
6, 384
290
6, 564
2, 083
48
15
1870
2, 421
2,436
71
1, 089
109
243
1871
1, 512
1, 512
120
633
206
386
1872
1,345
1, 345
494
122
751
1873
1,367
50
1,367
3
41
247
341
1874
341
44
1
45
45
1875
15
112
275
402
402
1876
191
137
125
453
453
1877
20
5
51
76
76
1878
50
63
113
113
1879
¹Half year ending June 30.
2 Fiscal year ending June 30,
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
603
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.-Continued.
[10.] SAW-LOGS.
(Tons.)
Canadian to Canadian to
Canadian
American
Ports.
Ports.
Years.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Total.
Ports.
General
total
Up.
Down.
Up.
Down.
Up. Down.
Up. Down.
Up.
Down.

1852
1, 614
33, 427
142
1,756
43, 427
35, 183
1853
360
19,490
360
19, 490
1854
19, 850
60
13, 774
6, 773
60
20, 547
20, 607
1855
102 | 23, 147
56
102
23; 203
1850
23, 305
296
16,826
296
16, 826
1857
261
16, 689
17, 122
34
261
16, 723
16,984
1858
58
18, 831
28
86
18, 831
18, 917
1859
119
9, 072
255
119
9, 327
9, 446
1860
13
14, 212
1,680
121
1, 693
14, 333
16, 026
1861
162
16,885
633
162
17, 518
1862
17, 680
58
18, 677
58
18, 677
1863
18, 735
200
6, 444
977
70
200
7,491
18641
7,691
7, 379
598
165
18652
8, 142
8, 142
658
14, 650
2,761
141
799
17, 411
1866
18, 210
100
16, 369
3,984
100
20, 353
1867
7
20, 453
18, 146
13, 271
1868
731, 417
31, 424
59
11, 111
14, 261
59
25, 372
1869.
25, 431
336
6, 327
11, 357
336
17, 676
18, 012
1870
234
3, 029
3,835
234
6, 864
1871
10, 684
7, 098
7,717
1872.
18, 401
18, 401
79
9, 710
4, 590
9
79
1873..
14, 309
14, 388
245
11, 475
1,398
245
12, 873
1874
13, 118
355
4, 953
355
1875
4, 953
5, 308
81
9,412
88
81
9, 500
9, 581
1876
373
7,706
742
245
373
373
1877
8, 693
95
9, 066
5, 321
599
617
712
1878
5, 920
6, 632
3, 854
677
1,403
1,403
1879
4, 531
5, 934
719
2, 402
175
473
894
2,875
3,769
[11.] FLOATS.
(Per 1,000 linear feet.)

1867
1,500
1,056
1868
113
1, 043
1869
120
2, 180
1870
168
603
1871
22
1872
331
1873.
200
560
1874
70
112
80
1875
1876
390
1877
70
1878
1879
[12.] RAILROAD TIES.
(Tons of 40 cubic feet. See Traverse.)
2,556
2,556
1,156
1,156
120
2, 180
2,300
771
771
22
22
331
331
200
560
760
70
192
262
390
390
70
70
1867
66
56
705
1868.
10
647
1869
538
850
1870
252
191
1871
226
1872
113
318
1873
113
703
1874
19
1875
362
1876
22
148
408
1877 ..
1, 117
1878...
9
1879.
44
47
56
771
827
317
317
857
1, 174
1,388
1,388
443
443
226
226
113
318
431
113
703
816
19
19
362
362
22
556
578
1, 117
1, 117
9
44
53
47
47
¹Half year ending June 30,
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
604
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, fo.-Continued.
[13.] BOAT KNEES.
(Tons.)

Canadian to Canadian to
Years end-
ing June
Canadian
American
Ports.
Ports.
American to
Canadian
Ports.
American to
American
Total.
Ports.
General
total.
30.
Up.
Down.
Up. Down. Up. Down.
Up. Down. Up. Down.
1867
160
1868
26
1869
1870
18
1871
20
1872
20
1873
43
1874
13
1875
3
1876
125
1877
1878.
1879..
160
160
26
10
28
28
20
20
20
20
43
43
13
13
3
3
125
125
34
34
34
[14.] HOOPS AND HOP POLES.
(Tous.)
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
2
1873
1
1874
3
1875
1876
24
5
1877
1
234
1878
300
1879.
2
1, 593
112
1,709
1, 709
280
281
281
656
659
659
424
424
424
147
5
171
176
213
214
214
300
300
[15.] BARRELS, EMPTY.
(Tons.)
1867
2
67
269
83
1
354
68
422
1868
284
121
22
2
306
123
429
1869
2
129
22
8
24
137
161
1870
189
11
173
42
34
231
218
449
1871
602
41
15
11
78
4
3
695
59
751
1872
93
100
13
58
7
4
164
111
275
1873
118
17
36
36
10
4
190
31
221
1874
396
5
137
52
14
8
585
27
612
1875
114
1
79
210
19
5
403
25
428
1876
204
1
61
387
12
212
3
864
15
879
1877
326
6
44
535
16
905
22
927
·
1878
1879
93
1
130
26
163
20
386
47
433
170
38
12
208
12
220
[16.] SPLIT POSTS AND FENCE RAILS.

1807
1
1
1868
14
4
80
1869..
10
5
1870.
1
1
1871
1872
272
1873
53
5
1874
6
4
1875
65
1
1876
90
2
1877
1878
1879
4
-
1
1
94
4
98
10
5
15
1
1
272
272
53
5
58
6
4
10
65
1
66
8
98
2
100
1
1
1
4
4
CANADIAN TIMBER STATISTICS: CANAL TRANSPORTATION.
605
(b.) Transportation of Forest Products upon the Welland Canal, &c.-Continued.
[17.] TRAVERSES, &C. (See Railroad Ties.)

Years end-
ing June
30.
Canadian to
Canadian
Ports.
Canadian to
American
American to American to
Ports.
Canadian
Ports.
American
Ports.
Total.
General
total.
Up. Down. Up. Down. Up. Down. Up. Down. Up. Down.
1867
1868
46
44
250
1869
50
1870
32
40
1871
70
1872
020
1873
1874
200
1875
1876
1677
1878
1879
250
400
+
44
296
296
70
70
920
920
200
200
$822200
44
50
250
250
400
400
[18.] WAGON STUFF, WOODEN WARE, AND WOOD PARTLY MANUFACTURED.
1867
245
01
110
34
150
737
1,326
1, 424
1,475
2,717
1868
87
100
14
28
42
8
111
2, 342
254
2,48+
2, 738
1869
82
216
9
26
1, 895
82
2, 146
2, 228
1870
13
77
3
41
427
3, 124
440
3,245
3, 685
1871
47
543
1
335
212
25
383
780
1, 163
1872
22
608
152
183
20
174
811
985
1873
9
602
241
137
10
97
260
836
1, 096
1874
2
478
1
142
143
21
145
642
787
1875
3
397
·
8
37
50
70
40
525
565
1876
12
190
41
42
1877
160
20
1878
117
1879
10
65
1832019
53
53
285
338
33
30
20
223
243
327
28
327
173
500
15
71
47
81
127
208
[19.] FIRE-WOOD, PER CORD, IN VESSELS.
1852
12, 546
1853
1, 075| 18, 828
104
150
358
371
371
12, 696
13, 067
1854
1, 179
19, 186
20, 365
1855
963
43, 311
1
1856
573 15,507
968
2, 505
52, 367
58, 818
389 15, 981
61, 323
25
153
1857
502
53, 316
16, 134
1,280
52, 781
2, 232
10, 874
68, 915
559
1858
918 44,
44, 882
13, 215
3, 627
55, 548
6, 137
68, 763
6, 931
1859
1, 700
107❘ 32, 494
13, 236
51, 019
823
9, 548
2,424
64, 255
810
1860.
06
578
43, 088
3, 354
7, 213
821
9, 499
46, 302
95
1861
803
47, 250
1, 494
4,075
16, 420
52, 587
54, 081
100
1862
555
62, 661
5, 397
4, 978
29, 364
63, 670
1, 420
68, 048
1863
480
435 53, 688
7,852
7,258
92, 025
46, 411
99, 877
18641
17, 679
7, 151
2, 353
8, 634
7,693 107, 280
114, 973
18652
150
838 49,
49, 737
2, 503
12, 279
55, 299
26, 313
28, 816
1860
699
3,993 | 52, 66221, 117
66, 867
13, 816
105, 036 |
118, 852
1867.
1,016 | 53, 825 | 18, 147
39, 999
25, 110
119, 529
144, 639
1868
219
1, 155
84, 600 5,808
24, 708
19, 382
03, 824
113, 206
1869
120
97, 038
13, 453
7,044 109, 308
116, 352
13
1870
360 97, 713
189
36, 114
1871
5, 235 87,
156
87,300
1, 215
21, 901
120 110, 504 | 110,
705 133, 827 134, 532
110, 624
1872
6, 330 73,
73,856
1, 911
3,705
6, 450
6
109, 201 | 115, 651
1873
7,620
240
74, 839
3, 567
7,029
8, 241
77, 817
86, 058
1874
9, 651
372
64, 146
11, 187
1,470
82, 240
92, 427
1875
3,063
29, 539
195
9, 651
405
65, 811
75, 462
246
1876
1,080
270
52, 905
5, 103
495
30, 460
35, 563
1877
4, 299
9
56, 775
1,563
3, 063
53, 409
56, 472
1878
4,876
42, 480
5, 862
840
3, 670
56, 775
62, 637
1879
60
2, 869 43, 053
1,920
5, 716
480
46, 210
420
51, 926
4,789
43, 953
48, 742
'Half year ending June 30,
2 Fiscal year ending June 30.
[
L
:

Millions
of
Dollars
780307
$808-12
7813-77
200
190
180
770
7878-22
1823-27
1828-32
|7833-37|
7838-42
|7843-77
29-8481
1863-57
| 79-8981:
160
750
FIG. 1.
Comparison of the value of exportations of Prod-
nets of Agriculture of the Forests and of the Sea.
In this Diagram the comparative values are shown
in averages of five years, from 1802 to 1861, as given
in the Table on page 113. This Table is computed
from the one for single years on page 112.
The comparison between the values of Exporta-
tion of Products of the Forest and the Sea during
the same period, and for single years, is shown upon
an enlarged scale upon the opposite page.
730
120
710
100
90
80
70
60
F
50
40
30
20
10
The Forest
7 Sea
موت
N
6
5
4
3
بنا
13
17
A & A 2 ANN 9.
15
Pollars
1851,55||
B
18.9
Ma
FIG. 2.

|7864,65
||186970
Comparison of values of various classes of Forest
Products exported from the United States, from
1855 to 1876, by single years.
N
3
M ~
2
5
5
4
9
8
7
2 2 2
Millims
of
Dollars
FIGOST
1871,15
1879,20
14.000000!
|13,000 000
|12,000,000
17,000,000
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
Dollars
1805
OTSI
1875
2,000,000
1,000,000
Comparison of the exportation of the Products of the Forests and of the Sea, by single years. from
1802 to 1876. From the Table given upon page 112.
182425
General summary of Exportation of Staves and Heading, and Shingles, Boards. Planks, and Scant-
ling, and of Hewn Timber, from 1802 to 1876. From the Table given upon page 113.
1934,
FIG. 4.
||1839,40
184.5
DYGIST
Kesi, S
1859 60
1864, 5
|2909,70
1820
7825
FIG. 3.

17830
7835
1810
28.15
|1850
1855
1860


100.000
General exportation of Boards, Plank, and Scantling, by Single years, from 1796 to 1876. From table on page 126.
|200000
Feet
AE.
7799
1800
ISOA
1805
1809
1870
7811
1815
| 7970
1620
1824.
1825
1820
1830
1521
1836
1839
FIG. 5.
JELL
1816
78-19
1850
7874
1855
78559
1800
7861
1865
1869
1870
7871.
1875

Millions
OF
Fret
Millions
on
Feet.
730
720
710
700
90
80
50
GO
50
по
30
20
70
1
Firef
1
1821
7825
777
7839
7500
7834
1835
FIG. 6.

7839
7840
Danish Vel
Exportation of Boards, Planks, and Scantling to the West Indies, from 1820 to 1854. From Table on
page 127.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Wish II.
10
|649587|
|1800 |
refforted)
FIG. 7.
|ISG 1
|2991|
| 0291
16987
Dutch W/
Exportation of Boards, Planks, and Scantling to the West Indies since 1854-'55. From Tables on
pages 135 and 143.
と
​1871.
|1875|
f
f
}
!
1
781L
*7845
7849
7850


5
10
ཞི་སྐ
Exportation of Shingles to the West Indies since 1820, so far as separately reported.
Millions
25
182.1
7825
7829
7830
|1834.
7835
7839
18-10
1732 ||
18.15
78-19
1850
FIG. 8.
MAREL
1855
6537
1860
7864
1865
| 7869
1870
7871
1875.

Thousands
120,000
110,000
|100,000
20,000
80,000
50,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
50,000
20,000
70,000
11/1789-90
|9C-1*641|
|0091.662/||
FIG. 9.
MX MY N Y
or-cush
BD-17$/
18-19-50
1854-55
Total exportation of Staves and Heading from 1789 to 1876. From Tables on pages 249 and 250.
7859-60
|7861-65
Mrsands
No. of
Vessels
1875-19
1820-4
7.500 2.000
1000\8000
2100 2000
|1260|6060||
||7030 5000
600.3.000
ACO RDEC
2001000
Number
Tonnade
1875-9
Barrels
900,000
800,000
700,000
1824-25
600,000
500,000
400,000!
300,000
si
200,000
700,000
FIG. 11.
1830-1
7839-40
they
7844-15
FIG. 10.

os-atsl
Total exportation of Naval Stores from the United States from 1821 to 1876.
From table on page 334.
3315-F|
2000
2000
||7865-3
1870-1
3000
7875 6
L CUO
Tessels
Class
7875-79
1820-4
1825.9
1530.4
Total number and tonnage of Vessels built in the Number of Vessels of different classes built in five-
United States from 1815 to 1876. From the table year periods from 1815 to 1876.
From the table year periods from 1815 to 1876. From the table on
on page 381.
page 381.
FIG. 12.
trOLBE
7825-6
1854-55
185960
1869-70
|7874-75


INDEX.
Acclimatization of exotic trees, 68.
Acorns, preservation of, 71.
8.
Acres entered under timber-culture acts, 7,
Affidavits required in making timber returns, On-
tario, 539.
Agencies, timber, of Ontario, 548.
Agents for repressing timber depredations, 16.
Agriculture, export of products of (1802-1861), 112;
five-year periods, 113.
Agricultural products exported from Canada, 1868
to 1879, 463; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465; New
Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia, 467; Prince Ed-
ward Island, 468; British Columbia, 468; Mani-
toba, 469.
Ahnapee, Wis., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Air-vessels for floating heavy woods, 67.
Alabama, forests and forest products of, 34; re-
cent act against wrongful boxing of pine trees,
27; trespass on timber lands in, 16.
Alaska, collection district, when formed, 104; de-
scription of, 110.
Albemarle, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Alcona, Mich., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Alexander, M., report from, 25.
Alexandria, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Algeria, eucalyptus in, 447.
Allon, M., pine seeds sent by, 92.
Almonds, importation of, 436.
Alpena, Mich, receipts of lumber from, 50.
Alternation in cultivation, 65, 66, 70; of forest
growth, 453.
Altitude, compensates for differences in latitude,
94.
Altyre, sequoia planted at, 82.
Animals and their products exported from Can-
ada, 1868 to 1879, 463; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465;
New Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia, 467; Prince
Edward Island, 468; British Columbia, 468;
Manitoba, 469.
Annapolis, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Anoka, lumber statistics of, 63.
Apalachicola, collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 109.
Appanoose County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 21.
Applications for land under timber-culture act,
form of, 2.
Arbor day, tree-planting on, in Minnesota, 64.
Areas of collection districts, 104.
Arizona, acres entered under timber culture acts,
7,8; privileges of timber granted in, 13.
Arkansas, destruction of timber in, 17.
Aroostook, Me., collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 106.
Ash, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461; 1868
to 1879, 470; premiums for planting, in Iowa, 51;
timber from Crown lands of Ontario, 553; Que.
bec, 564; passed the slides on Ottawa, 583.
Ashes, leached, exported from Canada, 1878, 1879,
505; pot and pearl, commerce under reciprocity
treaty, 513, 514; exported from Canada, 1868 to
1879, 504.
Ashland, Wis., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Aspect suited to certain trees, 67.
Assessors in Wisconsin required to report area
of growing timber, 65.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Railroad, forest-
planting by, 59.
Atmospheric electricity, effect of, on plants, 72.
Audubon Co., Iowa, tree-planting in, 21.
August, ripening of wood in, 68.
Ausable, Mich., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Austrian pines, habit of growth, 97; in Iowa, 57,
58.
Ax-helves exported, 1789 to 1795, 295.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, receipts of lumber
by, at Chicago, 49, 50.
Baltimore, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Bamboos, duties on, 397; importation of, 432.
Bangor, Me., collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 106.
Barges built, 1875 to 1879; percentages, 382.
Bark, commerce in, under reciprocity treaty, 513,
514; duties on, 398; exportation (value), 1791 to
1879, 326; for tanning, exported from Canada 1876
to 1879, 503; on Welland Canal, 585; hemlock,
extract of, exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879,
504; exportation (hogsheads and value) by foreign
countries, 1864 and 1865, 328; by foreign coun-
tries, 1866 to 1879, 328; by districts, 1856 to 1879,
330 (sce Oak bark and other dyes); importation
of, 433, 434; imported into Canada, 1868 to 1879,
512; oak, peeling of, 72; from Crown lands, On-
tario, 556; Quebec, 565.
Barks, pot and pearl ashes, exportation, 1854 to
1879 (general table), 113.
Barks (vessels), number built, 1815 to 1879, 380;
percentage, 382.
Barnstable, Mass., collection district, 107; descrip-
tion of, 104.
Barnstable Co., Mass., plantations in, 60.
Barrels, duties on, 398; imported, 1872-73 to
1878-'79, 417; and hogsheads, number and value,
exported empty, 1864 to 1879, 284; by foreign
countries, 1870 to 1879, 284; by districts, 1804
to 1879, 288; shooks, number and value exported,
1864 to 1868, 278; on Welland Canal, 604.
Barres-Vilmorin, Riga pine at, 101.
Baskets, duties on, 397, 398; willow, importation
of, 431.
Basswood, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867,
462; 1868 to 1879, 470; imported from, 1872 to
1879, 401; planed, imported. 1872 to 1879, 401;
other lumber, 402; premiums for planting, in
Iowa, 51; from Crown lands, Ontario, 553; Que-
bec, 564; passed the slides on Ottawa, 583.
Bath, Me., collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 106.
Battens, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462;
1868 to 1879, 478.
Bay do Noque, receipts of lumber from, 50.
Bayfield, Wis., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Beaufort, N. C., collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 108.
Beaufort, S. C., collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 108.
Beauharnois Canal, 584.
Beech, prospers in an eastern aspect, 17; from
Crown lauds, Ontario, 553; passed the slides on
Ottawa, 583.
Béhague, M., article by, 74.
Belfast, Me., collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 106.
Belleville district, Ontario, form of timber licenses
in, 536.
Bennett, John, report from, 25.
Benton Co., Iowa, tree planting in, 21.
607
608
INDEX.
Benton Harbor, Mich., receipts of lumber from, 50.
Bermuda Hundred and City Point, obsolete dis-
trict, 111.
Bernon, M., a French merchant, manufactures
naval stores, 331.
Biddeford, &c.; obsolete district, 111, 112.
Biddeford and Pepperelboro, obsolete district, 111.
Binders, from Crown lands, Ontario, 555.
Birch, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461;
18.8 to 1879, 471; premiums for planting, in Iowa,
51; prospers in northern and eastern aspects, 67;
timber exported from Canada by foreign coun-
tries, 1874 to 1879, 506; from Crown lands, On-
tario, 553; Quebec, 564; passed the slides on
Ottawa, 583.
Black Creek, receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Black River (Canada), improvements on the, 581;
revenue from works on the, 582.
Black walnut, planting of, in northwestern Iowa,
53; growth of, in Connecticut, 44, 45.
Black wild cherry, premiums for planting, in Iowa,
51.
Blakely, obsolete district, 111.
Blocks, various, imported, 1872-173 to 1878-'79, 418.
Blinds, &c., exported from Canada, 1876 to 1879,
501.
Blinds. (See Window sash and blinds.)
Blizzards, shelter against, 52, 57.
Boards, &c., exported, from 1789 to 1795, 240.
Boards, plank, and scantling, &c., exported, 1795 to
1840 (M feet, collectively), 126; 1854 to 1879 (M
feet and values, collectively), 126.
Boards, &c., exported, 1802 to 1879 (general table),
113; 1820 to 1854, by countries (general table);
114.
Boards, plank, and scantling, exportation by for-
eign countries (M feet), 1820 to 1859, 127; (M feet
and values), 1855 to 1867, 135; by districts (M
feet and values), 151.
Boards, clapboards, deals, joists, plank, and scant-
ling exported, by foreign countries, 1868 to 1879,
143; by districts, 1856 to 1865, 151.
Boards and plank exported from Canada, 1856 to
1867, 462; 1868 to 1879, 481.
Boards, deals, plank, joists, and scantling, Cana-
dian, exported from United States, 1871 to 1879,
510.
Boards, deals, plank, joists, and scantling im-
ported, from 1871-72 to 1878-'79, by countries,
402; by districts, 404.
Boards, plank, deals, and other than hemlock,
whitewood, sycamore, and basswood, imported,
from 1872 to 1879, 402.
Boards, plank, and scantling, imported, 1866 to
1872, 401.
Board of supervisors, power of, in Iowa in respect
to tree planting, 30.
Boats and oars, exportation (values) by districts,
1864 to 1868, 243.
Boards and other sawed lumber, on Canada canals,
588, 598.
Boat-knees, on Welland Canal, 604.
Boggs, J. B., report from, 22.
Bolts, from Crown lands, Ontario, 555. (See Shin-
gle bolts and stave-bolts.)
Bonuses on timber, Crown lands, Ontario, 552; Que-
bec, 563.
Booms, government, in Canada, 580; statistics of,
582.
Boom-timbers, from Crown lands of Ontario, 555;
Quebec, 565; New Brunswick, 572.
Boston and Charlestown, Mass., collection district,
when formed, 105: description of, 107.
Boursier, M., introduces the sequoia into France,
83.
Bowditch, James H., on planting upon Cape Cod,
60.
Boxes and brakes, exported, 1789 to 1795, 295.
Box-elder, in northwestern Iowa, 53; premiums
for planting, in Iowa, 51.
Boxes, packing, imported, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 417.
Box shooks (values), exportation from 1863 to 1867,
268; by foreign countries, 1868 to 1879, 269; by
districts, 1864 to 1879, 271.
Boxwood, importation of, 429.
Brainerd, lumber statistics of, 63.
Brazos de Santiago, collection district, when
formed, 104; description of, 109.
Brewer, Prof. William H., remarks by, on timber
grown in Connecticut, 44.
Bridges, right of timber for, in Texas, 33.
Bridgeton, collection district, when formed, 105
description of, 107.
;
Brigs built, 1815 to 1879, 380; percentages, 382.
British Columbia, supervision of Crown lands in,
518, 575; form of a timber license, 576; timber
resources of, 576; early timber exportation, 580.
(See Canada.)
Bristol and Warren, collection district, when
formed, 104; description of, 107.
British timber imports, 442.
Brunswick, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Brunswick, Ga., obsolete district, 111.
Burlington Bay Canal, 584, 586, 590, 5914, 596.
Burlington, collection district, when formed, 104
description of, 107.
Buffalo Creek, collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 110.
;
Bunster, A., on timber resources of British Colum-
bia, 579.
Burning of woods in Florida, 30.
Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, lumber station
at, 578, 579.
Butternut lumber exported from Canada, 1856 to
1867, 462; 1868 to 1879, 470; from Crown lands,
Ontario, 553; passed the slides on Ottawa, 583.
Byng Inlot, Canada, lumbering at, 550.
Cabinet and household furniture imported, 1854-'55
to 1863-'64, 423; 1864-'65 to 1871-'72, 424; 1872-'73
to 1878-'79, 424; by foreign countries, 424; by dis-
tricts, 427.
Cabinet and other fine woods imported since
1855-'56, 429.
Cabinet wares, duties on, 398; imported into Can.
ada, 1868 to 1879, 512.
Cabinet woods imported into Canada, 1868 to 1879,
511.
Calcasieu Parish, timber trespass in, 17.
California, acres entered under timber-culture acts,
7,8; act for improvement of Yosemite Valley and
Mariposa Grove, 29: eucalyptus in, 447; lumber
trade of San Francisco, 43; necessity for preserv
ing redwoods and sequoias of, 10; sale of tim-
ber in, 14; Spaulding's scale legalized in, 28;
timber trespass in, 17.
Cambridge, Minn., lumber statistics of, 63.
Camden, N. C., obsolete district of, 111.
Camwood, importation of, 435.
Canada, census returns of lumber mills and man-
ufacture, 515, 516, 517; former timber regulations
of, 518; importation of forest products into, 1868
to 1879, 511; later timber regulations (before 1867),
524; ports, receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50; ships built in, since 1867, 397; and sold to
foreign countries, 1876 to 1879, 511; statistics of
lumber and timber trade of, 459; timber resources
and timber trade of, 441; total exportation from,
1868 to 1879, 461; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465; New
Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia, 467; Prince Ed-
ward Island, 468; British Columbia, 468; Mani-
toba, 469; railroads, 550; slides and booms, 580;
restocking with trees in, 580.
Canadian forests, descriptions by J. White, 454; ex-
ports, 1856-1867, 461; 1868 to 1879, 463; trespass-
ers on timber lands, 17.
Canadian Pacific Railroad, trespass in getting ties
for, 18.
Canal-boats built, 1815 to 1879, 380; percentages,
382.
Canals of Canada, dimensions of, 584; conversion
table used on, 584; statistics of timber carried
on, 586.
Canes and walking-sticks exported, 1789 to 1795,
295.
Cape Cod, plantations on, 60.
Cape Perpetua, obsolete district of, 111.
Cape Vincent, collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 110.
Capitals of Canada, changes in, 526.
Carriage timber in Connecticut, 44.
Carrière on the grafting of conifers, 75.
Carroll, M., report from, 22.
Casco Bay, receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
INDEX.
609
Caseville, Wis., receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Cashew family, notice of, 83.
Casks and barrels, duties on, 398; exported, 1789
to 1795, 295; imported, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 417.
Cass County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 21.
Castine, Me., collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 106.
Cedar County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 21.
Cedar, importation of, 429, 430; posts exported,
1789 to 1795, 244; reservation on public lands,
Ontario, 543; from Crown lands, Ontario, 553,
554; Quebec, 564; New Brunswick, 573; passed
the slides on the Ottawa, 583.
Cedar Point, obsolete collection district, 111.
Cedar River, receipts of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Census, Canadian, lumber statistics of, 515; re-
turns of production of naval stores in United
States by, 331, 332, 333.
Chambly Canal, 585; details of transportation, 586,
589, 590, 594, 596.
Champlain collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 110.
Charcoal, duties on, 398.
Charlestown, &c., collection district, 107.
Chatham, Mass., planting in, 60.
Chatin, M., on the Riga pine, 72.
Cherry lumber from Crown lands, Ontario, 554.
Cherrystone, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 108.
Chester, obsolete district, 111.
Chestnut planting in Connecticut, 46; approved
French method of planting, 47; prospers in a
southern aspect, 67; from Crown lands of On-
tario, 554.
Chicago and Alton Railroad, receipts of lumber
by, 49, 50.
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, receipts
of lumber by, 49, 50.
Chicago, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 110.
Chicago, Danville and Vincennes Railroad, re-
ceipts of lumber by, 49, 50.
Chicago, lumber trade of, 48
Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad, re-
ceipts of lumber by, 49, 50.
Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, receipts of
lumber by, 49, 50.
Chicago and Pacific Railroad, receipts by, 49, 50.
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, lumber
receipts by, 49, 50.
City Point, &c., obsolete district, 111
Clapboards, &c., exportation, by foreign countries
(M feet and values), 1868 to 1879, 143; by dis-
tricts (M feet and values), 1856 to 1865, 151; im-
ported, from 1872-73 to 1878–79, 411.
Classification of subjects: exportation of forest
products, 103.
Clay Bank, receipts of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Clay Co., Iowa, tree-planting in, 22.
Clayton, N. Y., timber rafted at, 460.
Clayton Co., Iowa, tree-planting in, 22.
Clayton, receipts of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Clearings, probable effect of, upon climate, 450.
Climate, effect of, upon quality of wood, 57, 67; in-
fluence of forests upon, 449.
Close planting, importance of, in Kansas, 59.
Cockburn, Mr., statement by, 445.
Cocoa-nuts, importation of, 436.
Collection districts: general statement, 103; list
of present, 104; description of, 106; list of obso-
lete, 111.
Collections of timber revenues of Canada, 1857 to
1866, 526.
Colonial production of naval stores, 332.
Colorado, acres entered under timber-culture acts,
7, 8; privileges of timber granted in, 13; tres-
pass on timber lands in, 17.
Combie, H. T., on timber resources of British Co-
lumbia, 578.
Commercial statistics, source of, 1; needless
changes in headings, 1; mischief arising from, 2.
Commissioners of Crown lands, Canada, 18; of On-
tario, on waste in working square timber, 456.
Committee on immigration and colonization in
Canada, report of, 441.
Conditions, in planting for premiums in Iowa, 51.
Conflicting interests of producer and consumer, 569.
Coniferin, manufacture of, 80.
Cones, mode of planting, 73.
Conifers, multiplication of, by cuttings and graft-
ing, 75.
Connecticut, quality of certain timber grown in,
44; recent timber-planting act of, 29.
Conserviency of forests, neglect of, 10.
Consolidated headings in statistics, remarks con-
cerning, 1, 2.
Cordwood, from Crown lands, Ontario, 555; Que-
bec, 565; New Brunswick, 572.
Cork: cork bark, duties on, 398.
Corpus Christi, collection district, when formed,
104; description of, 109.
Corufas exported, 1789 to 1795, 295.
Cornwall Canal, 584.
Cottonwood in Northwestern Iowa, 53; premiums
for planting, in Iowa, 51.
Coulonge, improvements on the, 581; statistics of
slides on, 583.
Crisman, William, report from, 21.
Crisis of 1855, in the timber trade of Canada, 519.
Crosby, Nathan, plantation by, 61.
Crown lands of Canada, former regulations, 518;
system before 1867, 525; Ontario, 529; regula-
tions, 533, 558; statistics of production, 552;
kinds of lumber and timber, 553; Quebec, regu-
lations respecting, 558; statistics of, 563; New
Brunswick, 567; statistics of, 572; Nova Scotia,
574; British Columbia, 575.
Cullers' returns, form of, in Ontario, 539.
Cultivation of the oak, 70; of the pine in Central
France, 79; of planted lands in Iowa, 58; pre-
vious to planting, 62.
Custom duties, English, historical notice as re-
gards timber, 459; on imported forest products,
397.
Cuttings, multiplication of conifers by, 75.
Cutting of the oak, 71.
Cuttings of willow, móde of setting, 66.
Cuyahoga, collection district, when formed, 104;
description of, 110.
Cypress, southern, 37.
Dakota, acres entered under timber-culture acts, 7,
8; highway planting in, 30; privileges of timber
granted in, 13; rights of floating timber and lum-
ber in, 30; recent timber act iù, 29; trespass on
timber lands in, 17.
Davis's Pier, receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Deal ends, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462;
1868 to 1879, 480; exported from Canada by for-
eign countries, 1874 to 1879, 507.
Deals, expor.ed from Canada by foreign countries,
1874 to 1879, 506; exportation by foreign countries
(M feet and values), 1868 to 1879, 143; by districts
(M feet and values), 1856 to 1865, 151; Canadian,
exported from the United States, 1871 to 1879, 510;
exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462; 1868 to
1879, 479; and other than hemlock, whitewood,
sycamore, and basswood, imported from 1872 to
1879, 402; plank, joists, and scantling imported
from 1871-72 to 1878-79 by countries, 402; by
districts, 404; planed hemlock, &c, imported
1872-'79, 401; other lumber, 402; passed the slides
on Ottawa, 584.
Deciduous trees succeed evergreens, 66.
Decline in ship-building, 450.
Deficiency in rain-fall as a cause of prairies, 56, 57.
Delaware, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 108.
Delaware County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 22.
Dennis, Mass., planting in, 60.
Density of plantations under timber culture act, 2.
Depere, Wis., receipts of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Depredations on the public lands, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
Detroit, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 110.
Dighton, obsolete district, 111.
Dimension timber passed the slides on Ottawa, 584.
Doane John, plantation by, 61.
Dominion lands of Canada, 526.
Doors, sash, and blinds exported from Canada, 1876
to 1879, 5v1.
Dryness, in winter, as a cause of prairies, 57; of
soil, effect of, upon quality of wood, 67.
39 FOR
610
INDEX.
Duck Lake, receipts of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Duluth, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 110; receipts of lumber at Chicago
from, 50.
Dumfries, obsolete district, 111.
Du Moine River (Canada), improvements on the,
581; revenue from works on, 582.
Dunkirk, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 110.
Duties, English, on timber, 459; on imported forest
products, 397.
Dye-woods, duties on, 398; exportation by foreign
countries, 1855 to 1863, 323; importation of, 435.
East Brewster, pine plantation in, 61; eastern as-
pect suited to the locust, beech, hornbeam, and
birch, 67.
Eastern District, collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 108.
East River, obsolete district, 111.
Ebony, importation of, 429, 430.
Economies in the timber trade, 457, 458.
Edenton, obsolete district, 111.
Edgartown, Mass., collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Elden, Thomas, report from, 27.
Electricity, effect of, upon nutrition of plants, 72.
Elk River, lumber statistics of, 63.
El Paso del Norte, obsolete district, 111.
Elm, premiums for planting, in Iowa, 51; timber
exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461; 1868 to
1879, 472; by foreign countries, 1874 to 1879, 506;
from Crown lands, Ontario, 553, 554; Quebec,
564; passed the slides on the Ottawa, 583.
England, exportation of pitch-pine from Pensacola
to various ports in, 47.
English custom duties on timber, 459; timber mar-
ket, customs of, 457.
Eno, O. D., report from, 27.
Entries under timber-culturo acts, 8.
Erie, O., obsolete district, 111.
Erie, Pa., collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 110.
Escanaba, Mich., receipts of lumber at Chicago
from, 50.
Eucalyptus mentioned, 447.
Evans, E. M., report from, 21.
Evans, W. V., report from, 23.
Evaporation, effect of electricity upon, 73.
Evergreens in Iowa, 57; premiums for planting
in, 51; should not be planted singly, 58; succeed
deciduous trees, 66.
Excretion from roots, theory of, 65.
Exemptions for planting in Wyoming Territory,
34.
Exotic trees, acclimatization of, 68,459.
Exportation of products of the sea, the forests, and
agriculture, 112; of forest products, general
statement and classification, 103; general sum-
mary of (1821-1879), 114; of lumber, board, plank,
and scantling, classification of tables, 125; gen-
eral summary, 126.
Exportations from Canada: total, 1868 to 1879, 463;
Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465; New Brunswick, 466;
Nova Scotia, 467; Prince Edward Island, 468;
British Columbia, 468; Manitoba. 469.
Extract of hemlock bark, exported from Canada,
1868 to 1879, 504.
Fairfield, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
Fall plauting of evergreens, opinions against, 59.
Fall River, Mass., collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Falmouth, &c., collection district. 106.
Fayette County, Iowa, tree planting in, 22.
Fell, Jesse W., plantations under care of, 54.
Fence rails, from Crown lands of Ontario, 555; Que-
bec, 566.
Fermentation, theory in rotation of crops, 65.
Fernandina, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 108.
Filberts, importation of, 436.
Fine cabinet woods imported since 1855-'56, 429.
Fineness and depth of the soil as a cause of prai-
ries, C5.
Fires, as a cause of prairies, 56; in Utah, 19.
Fine woods, imported into Canada, 1888 to 1879.
511.
Fires in the pine woods of Southern States, 19.
Fires, extent of losses from, 447,448.
Fires, great losses from, in Canada, 449.
Fires in European forests, 449.
Fires, energetic measures proposed for preven.
tion of, 454.
Firewood, duties on, 308; imported, 1860- to
1878-'79, 423; cords exported, 1790 to 1795, 293;
cords and value, 1869 to 1879, 293; by foreign
countries, 1869 to 1879, 293; by districts, 1869 to
1879, 294; exported from anada, 1856 to 1867,
462; exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 498; ex-
ported from Canada by foreign countries, 1877 to
1879, 509; commerce under reciprocity treaty,
513, 514; from Crown lands of Ontario, 555; Que-
bec, 565; on Welland Canal, 605.
Firs, prosper in a northern aspect, 67.
Fisheries, Canadian, total exportation of products
of, 1868 to 1879, 463; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465;
New Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia, 467; British
Columbia, 468; Manitoba, 469.
Floating of timber in Dakota, 30; in Texas, act re-
lating to, 32.
Floats from Crown lands of Ontario, 555; flora
of Alabama, so far as includes trees and shrubs,
39; on Canadian canals, 603.
Florida, act to regulate burning of woods in, 30;
exportation of pitch pine from, 47; trespass on
timber lands in, 17.
Folly Landing, obsolete district, 111.
Fontainbleau, successful grafting of conifers in,
79.
Ford River, receipts of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Foreign timber trade of Ontario, 549.
Forest culture in Minnesota, 62.
Forest, export of products of (1802-1861) 112; fivo
year periods, 113.
Forest growth of 1878, in Kansas, 59.
Forest products, census of Canada, 1870-'71, 517.
Forest products, total exportation, 1854-1861, 113.
Forest trees in Southwest Iowa, 55.
Forests, burning of, in Florida, 30.
Forests, Canadian, description of, by J. White,
454.
Forests, relation to rainfall in Iowa, 59.
Forests, total exportation of forests of Canada,
1868-1879, 463; Ontario, 461; Quebec, 465; New
Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia, 467; Princo Ed-
ward Island, 468; British Columbia, 468; Man-
itoba, 463.
Forest tree planting in Northwestern Iowa, 53.
Former timber regulations of Canada, 518.
France, cultivation of the pine in, 74.
Frankfort, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 50.
Frazee City, lumber statistics of, 63.
Free grant lands, timber on, in Ontario, 542-545.
Free grant townships in Ontario, 533; acts in
New Brunswick, 567.
Frenchman's Bay, collection district, Maine, when
formed, 105; description of, 106.
French River, Canada, timber region of, 550.
Fruit trees, importation of, 432.
Furniture, duties on, 398.
Furniture, general table of exportation (1854-1879),
113; imported, 423; imported into Canada 1868-
1879, 512; shipment between New York and San
Francisco, 437.
Furs and other incidental forest products, expor
tation 1854 to 1879 (general tabie), 113.
Furs and skins, exportation of, since 1802, 375; fut-
tocks, exported from Canada 1868-1879, 491;
from Crown lands, Quebec, 566.
Galveston, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 169.
Garber, M, report from, 22.
Garden Island, Canada, timber rafted at, 460.
Gardner's Bay, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Gatineau, slides and booms on the, 581-585; gen-
eral classes of forest products, exportation of
(1859-18799), 113.
General plan of Report, 1.
General Statements and comparisons of domestic
exports, 112.
INDEX.
611
t
General summary of lumber exports (1802-1822),
113; exportation by countries, 1821-1854, 114;
exportation of forest products, 1821-1879, 114.
Genesee, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 110.
Georgetown, D. C., collection district of, when
formed, 105; description of, 108.
Georgetown, S. C., collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 108.
Georgian Bay, slides and booms on tributaries of,
580, 581.
Ginseng, exportation of, since 1789, 374.
Ginseng and other incidental forest products, ex-
portation, 1854-1879, (general table), 113.
Glasgow timber market, customs of, 457.
Gloucester, Mass., collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Good Harbor, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Grafting, multiplication of conifers by, 75.
Grandeau, M., electrical experiments by, 72.
Grand Haven, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
50.-
Granite soil, effect of, upon wood, 67.
Grasshoppers, injury to plantations in Northwest-
ern Iowa from, 53; injuries from, 62, 63.
Great Egg Harbor collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Green Bay, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Grenadillo, importation of, 429, 430.
Ground rent, system of Canada, 518; modification
of system of, 522, 523; receipts from Ontario,
553; Quebec, 563.
Growth of wood, Canadian estimate, 454.
Gulf of Mexico. timber trespass along, 18.
Gun-blocks, duties on, 398; imported 1872-'73 to
1878-'79, 418.
Hairwood, importation of, 432.
Hamlin, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Hampton, obsolete district, 111.
Hancock, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Handle bolts, duties on, 398.
Hardin County, Iowa, tree planting in, 22.
Handspikes exported from Canada, 1856-1867, 462;
1868-1879, 493.
Hardwicke, obsolete district, 111.
Hardwood from Crown lands, New Brunswick, 572.
Hart, F. W., report on honey locust as a hedge
plant, 52.
Harris Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Harwich, Mass., planting in, 60.
Havre de Grace, obsolete district, 111.
Hays, John R., report from, 26.
Heading-blocks, duties on, 398.
Heading-blocks, &c., imported 1872-73 to 1878-79,
418.
Heading. (See Staves and Heading.)
Hedges, rules for planting and managing, 52, 53.
Hemlock bark, duties on, 398; extract of, exported
from Canada, 1868-1879, 504; importation of, 433;
logs, exportation of, from Canada, 1876-1879,
473; lumber not much used in Europe, 449;
planed, imported, 1872-1879, 401; other lumber,
402; whitewood, sycamore, and basswood im-
ported from 1872-1879, 401; lumber from Crown
lands, Ontario, 553, 554; Quebec, 564; New
Brunswick, 572; passed the slides on Ottowa,
583; bark from Crown lands, Ontario, 555; Que-
bec, 565; New Brunswick, 573.
Henry County, Iowa, report from, 23.
Herbaceous grafting of conifers, 78.
Hewn timber, &c., exported, 1820 to 1854, by
countries (general table), 114; exportation, 1802
to 1879 (general table), 113. (See Timber.)
Hickory in Connecticut, 44; exported from Can-
ada, 1856 to 1867, 462; 1868 to 1879, 470; from
Crown lands of Ontario, 554.
Highways, planting on, Pennsylvania act, 31; re-
centlaws to encourage planting on, in Dakota, 30.
Hindostan, eucalyptus in, 447.
Hinrichs, Prof. G., on connection between forests
and rainfall, 59.
Historical notice of the lumber trade of Canada, 519.
Hodges, L. B., on difficulties in forest planting, 62.
Hogsheads. (See Barrels and hogsheads.)
Holland, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
50.
Holmes, W. C., claims paid, 29.
Homestead act, timber reservations in, in Ontario,
545, 516.
Honey locust, as a hedge plant, 52; premiums for
planting in Iowa, 51.
Hoops and hoop-poles, exportation (M and value),
1866 and 1867, 278; M aud value exported by dis-
tricts, 1864 to 1868, 279.
Hoop-poles, importation of, 417; on Welland Canal,
604.
Hoopes, Josiah, on the propagation of conifers, 77.
Hoops, value and quantity exported, 1864 to 1865,
278; on Welland Canal, 604.
Hop, hoop, telegraph and other poles exported from
Canada, 1878 to 1879, 496; value exported by for-
eign countries, 1869 to 1879, 279.
Hop-poles, by districts, 1869 to 1879, 281; from Crown
lands of Ontario, 555; passed the slides on Ot-
tawa, 584; on Welland Canal, 604.
Hornbeam prospers in an eastern, southern, or
western aspect, 67.
Horse-chestnut, planting of, 45.
Hospers, Henry, plantation under leadership of, 54.
Household furniture, duties ou, 398; and various
manufactures of wood, exportation 1854 to 1879
(general table), 113; value exported from 1855 to
1879, 308; by foreign countries, 1855 to 1868, 308;
by districts, 1856 to 1879, 318; imported, 423; ex-
ported from Canada, 1863 to 1879, 501.
Hubbard, A.. report from, 22.
Hubs for wheels, duties on, 398; from Crown
lands, Ontario, 555; posts, last-blocks, wagon-
blocks, heading-blocks, and gun-blocks imported
1872-'73 to 1878–’79, 418.
Hudson Bay Company, reservations by, 527.
Hudson, obsolete district, 111.
Humidity of soil, effect upon quality of wood, 67.
Huron collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of. 110.
Hutchinson, Kans., forest planting at, 59.
Hutchinson, Mr., on the sequoia in Europe, 81.
Ida County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 23.
Idaho, acres entered under timber-culture acts, 7,
8; collection district, 110; privileges of timber
granted in, 13; trespass on timber lands in, 17.
Illinois and Michigan Canal, lumber receipts by,
49, 50.
Illinois Central Railroad, receipts of lumber by, 49,
50.
Illinois, obsolete district, 111.
Importation of forest products, 397; into Canada,
1868 to 1879, 511.
Incidental forest products, exportation, 374; 1854
to 1879 (general table), 113.
Increase, recent, in value of timber lands in Onta-
rio, 548.
Insect ravages, damage from, 63.
Inzenga, M., on the cultivation of the sumac in
Sicily, 83.
Iowa, acres entered under timber culture acts, 7, 8;
partial repeal of timber-planting act, 20; results
and opinions ou subject of tree-planting in, 21;
code, exemptions for planting in, 30; forest tree
planting in northwest part, 53; distribution of
forest trees in Southwest Iowa, 55; forestculture
in 9th horticultural district, 57; planting of ever-
greens in, 57; connection between rainfall and
forest in Iowa, 59.
Iowa State Horticultural Society, premiums for
forest tree planting in 1878, 51.
Ipswich, obsolete district, 111.
Ireland, exportation of pitch-pine from Pensacola
to various ports in, 48; success of the sequoia in,
82.
Jacksonport, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Jefferson County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 23.
Joists, &c., exportation by foreign countries (M
feet and values), 1868 to 1879, 143; by districts
(M. feet and values), 1856 to 1865, 151.
Joints, importation of, 432.
Joists, &c., Canadian, exported from United States,
1871 to 1879, 512.
Joists and scantling imported from 1871-'72 to 1878-
'79: by countries, 402; by districts, 404.
612
INDEX.
Joists, planks, and boards exported from Canada,
1868 to 1879, 481.
Juniper, southern, 37; timber, New Brunswick,
573.
Kansas, acres entered under timber-culture acts,
7,8; forest growth in 1878, 59; repeal of timber-
planting law in, 20.
Kennebunk, Me., collection district of, when
formed, 105; description of, 106.
Kenrick, John, plantation by, 61.
Kenosha, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
Keeleis Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Kewaunee, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from. 50.
Key West collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Kingston (city), former capital of Canada, 526.
Kingston, Prof. G. T. cited, 551.
Knees, ship, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867,
467; from Crown lands of Ontario, 555; Quebec,
566; New Brunswick, 572.
Knees and futtocks exported from Canada, 1868
to 1879, 491.
Labor and free-grant acts of New Brunswick no-
ticed, 567.
Lachine Canal, 534.
Lake Huron, trespass on timber lands near, 17.
Lake Michigan, lumber receipts at Chicago by, 49,
50.
Lake Nipissingo, lumber region of, 550.
Lake Saint Croix, logs and lumber scaled in, 63.
Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, re-
ceipts of lumber by, 19, 50.
Lake Superior ports, receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51; miuing regions, timber in, 548.
Lakin, James H., report from, 22.
Lance-wood, importation of, 429.
Lancey, A., claim paid, 29.
Land act, Ontario, timber regulations under, 540.
Larch, European, in Northwest Iowa, 51; premiums
for planting in Iowa, 51; prospers in a northern as-
pect.
Larchwood, Iowa, planting at, 54.
Last-blocks, 398.
Last-blocks, &c., imported, 1872-73 to 1878-79, 418.
Laths, &c., exportation, 1854 to 1879 (general table),
113.
Laths, palings, pickets, curtain-sticks, broom-han-
dles, and bed-slats, exportation of, by foreign coun-
tries (quantity and values), 1869 to 1879, by dis-
tricts (values), 1863 to 1868, 182.
Laths, exported, 1789 to 1795, 244; imported,
1866-'67 to 1878–79, 411.
Laths and lath-wood, exported from Canada, 1856
to 1867, 462; 1868 to 1879, 483.
Laths, palings, and pickets exported from Canada,
1876 to 1879, 484.
Laths, from Crown lands, Ontario, 555; Quebec,
566; British Columbia, 580.
Lath-wood exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 497.
Lease, timber, form of, Ontario, 536; Quebec, 558;
New Brunswick, 568; British Columbia, 576.
Lebew, R. M., report from, 23.
Leland, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 50.
Licenses, timber, introduced in Canada, 518; in
existence before 167, 524; in Ontario, 536; modi-
fication of in 1866, 532; statistics of, 552.
Lightning not a frequent cause of forest fires, 449.
Lignum vitae exported 1789-1795, 244; importa
tion of, 429-430.
Linn Co, Iowa, honey locust as a hedge plant in,
52.
Lincoln, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago frora,
51.
Little Egg Harbor collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Live oak in Alabama, 37; trespass on timber lands
in, 17.
Louisiana Western Railroad, trespass on timber
lands near, 17.
Lower Canada, timber revenues 1857-1866, 526.
Ludington, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Ludwig's Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
Lumber scaled by surveyors-general of Minne-
sota, 63; exported, 1795-1854 (M feet, collective-
ly). 126; 1854-1879 (M feet and values collect-
ively), 126; duties on, 398; shipment between
New York and San Francisco, 437; from St. John
River, 438; manufacture of, in Canada recom-
mended, 457; not specified, exported from Cana-
da 1868-1879, 486; Canadian, exported from Uni-
ted States, 1870-1879, 510; manufacture, census
returns, Canada, 515, 516, 517; trade in Canada,
historical notice of, 518.
Live oak reservations, protection of, 9.
Liverpool timber market, customs of, 457.
Loble, Mr., introduces the sequoia into England,
81; local use, supply of luniber for, in Ontario
543.
Lock stocks exported 1789-1795, 295.
Locust, prospers in an eastern aspect, 67.
Log-brands, in Texas, recording of, 32.
Logs, masts, spars, and other whole timbers, expor
tation (values) by foreign countries, 1868-1879,
236; exportation (values) by districts, 1864-1868,
240; exportation (values) by districts, 1868-1879,
241.
Logs, not specified, exported from Canada, 1868-
1879, 495.
Logs scaled by surveyors-general in Minnesota, 63.
Logwood, importation of, 435.
Lombardy poplars, unfavorable result from, 57.
London timber market, customs of, 457; Long-
streath, C. H., on forest growth of 1878, in Kan-
sas, 59.
Louisiana, acres entered under timber culture
acts, 7, 8.
Lumber trade of Chicago, 48.
Lumber, timber, shingles. staves, laths, shooks and
other raw materials of wood, value exported,
1854 to 1879, 113.
Lumber, timber, ship-timbers, shingles, staves,
laths, shooks, and other raw materials, exporta-
tion 1854 to 1879 (general table), 113.
Lumber, etc., imported into Canada, 1863 to 1879,
511.
Lumber and timber as specified, imported 1869-'70
to 1878-'79, 415.
Lumber (other than hemlock, whitewood, syca-
more and basswood), imported 1872 to 1879, 402.
Lumber for local use, Ontario, 543; trade of New
Brunswick, 573.
Lumber (other than boards, deals, plank, joists,
scantling, shingles, and timber), inported from
1871-72 to 1878-'79, by foreign countries, 408; by
districts, 408.
Lumber not otherwise specified; value exported
1801 to 1863, 162; by foreign countries, 1821 to
1854, 163; by foreign countries, condensed head-
ings, 1861 to 1864, 171; by foreign countries, 1865
to 1879, 171; by districts (1855 to 1879), 175.
Lyell, Prof. Charles, remarks of concerning Nova
Scotia, 575.
Lyon County, Iowa, planting in, 54.
McAfee, Professor, plan of planting evergreen s
by, 58.
Madawasca, slides and booms on the, 581, 582.
Mahogany exported, 1789 to 1795, 244; importation
of, 429, 430.
Maine, constitutional amendment in, 31.
Management of the timber lands of Ontario, 532.
Manitoba, supervision of Crown land's in, 518.
Timber lands in (see Canada), 526.
Manistee, Mich., receipts of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Manitowoc, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Manufactures of wood, general exportation of,
(1854 to 1879) 113; exported (kinds, quantities,
and values), 1789 to 1795, 295; value exported,
1795 to 1879, 296; not otherwise specified, values
to foreign countries, 1855 to 1868, 296; by dis-
tricts, 1856 to 1879, 308; not specified, imported
1872-73 to 1878-'79, 418; 1871 to 1879 by foreign
countries, 418; by districts, 421; exportation of,
from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 463; Ontario, 464;
Quebec, 465; New Brunswick, 466; Nova Scotia,
467; Prince Edward Island, 468; British Colum-
bia, 468; Manitoba, 469; not specified, exported
from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 501; Canadian, ex-
INDEX.
613
Manufactures of wood-Continued.
ported from the United States 1871 to 1879, 513;
argument in favor of in Ontario, 549, 550.
Maple, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461;
1868 to 1879. 473; in Northwest Iowa, 53; pre-
miums for planting, in Iowa, 51; prospers in a
southern aspect, 67; from Crown lands of On-
tario, 554; Quebec, 564.
Maple sugar, census returns of, in Canada, 517;
exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 503.
Machias collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 106.
Marblehead, Mass., collection district,
formed, 105; description of, 107.
Marquette district, timber trespasses in, 17.
Marine Mills, logs and lumber scaled at, 63.
Marietta, obsolete district, 111.
Maring, J. B., report from, 21.
when
Mariposa Grove, act for improvement of, 29.
Maritime pine, cultivation of in France, 74; on the
growth of, 97; (Pinus pinaster) a failure on Cape
Cod, 61.
Massac, obsolete district, 111.
Masonville, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Masts exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462; 1863
to 1879, 490, 491; exportation (values) by foreign
'countries, 1868 to 1879, 236; and spars exported
from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 490; from Crown lands
of Quebec, 566; and articles employed in ship
and boat building, &c., numbers exported 1789
to 1795, 227; exported (values) 1801 to 1879, 227;
by foreign countries, 1820 to 1854, 228; 1863 to
1868.235.
Maturing effect of August upon wood, 68.
Measurement of lumber in Ontario, rule for, 538.
Menominee, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Meteorological effects of woodlands, 37; records,
want of, 449.
Michigan, trespass on timber lands in, 17; collec-
tion district, when formed, 105; description of,
110; pine, opinions concerning. 445; Michigan
Central Railroad, receipts of lumber by, 49, 50.
Michilimackinac, obsolete district, 111.
Middletown, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
Midland Railway, Canada, lumber brought by, 550.
Military bounties, provision made for in Canada,
529.
Milwaukee, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 110.
Miami, Collection district, when formed, 105; de-
seription of, 110.
Minneapolis, lumber statistics of, 63.
Mines, exportation of products of Canada, 1868 to
1879, 463; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465; New Bruns-
wick, 466; Nova Scotia. 467; Prince Edward
Island, 468; British Columbia, 468; Manitoba,
469.
Mining act, Ontario, timber reservations under,
547; purposes, use of timber for, 13
•
Minnesota, acres entered under timber-culture
acts, 7, 8; collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 110; logs and lumber scaled by
surveyors general, 63; obstacles to forest culture
in, 62; timber trespass in, 18; tree-planting in,
by counties, 64.
Mirimacbi, lumber trade of, 574.
Mississippi, trespass on timber lands in, 18.
Miscellaneous, exportations of Canada, 1268 to 1879,
463; Ontario, 464; Quebec, 465; New Brunswick,
466; Nova Scotia, 467; Prince Edward Island,
468; British Columbia, 468; Manitoba, 469.
Miscellaneous statements, 65.
Mississippi, obsolete collection district, 111.
Missouri, timber trespass in, 18.
Mobile, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 109
Mobile, exportation of lumber from in recent
years, 35.
Mobile and Girard Railroad, 16.
Mohr, Charles, article on forests of Alabama, 34.
Monistique, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Montana, acres entered under timber-culturu acts,
8; and Idaho collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 110; privileges of timber
granted in, 13.
Monterey, obsolete district, 111.
Montreal, board of trade, from reports of, 453;
former capital of Canada, 526.
Mumphrey magog, obsolete district, 111.
Muskegon, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Nanjemoy, obsolete district, 111.
Nantucket, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
Natchez, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Naturalization of exotic trees, 68.
Naval stores, census reports of various periods,
331, 332, 333; colonial production of, 331; expor
tation of (barrels), 1789 to 1820, 333; proximate
value exported, 1802 to 1820. 334; importation of,
1862-63 to 1868-'69, 432; shipment between New
York and San Francisco, 437. (See Tar and
Pitch, Rosin and Turpentine, and Spirits of Tur-
pentine.)
Nebraska, acres entered under timber-culture acts,
8; repeal of timber planting law in, 20; constitu-
tional provisions against exemptions, 20.
Nevada, acres entered under timber-culture acts,
8; privileges of timber granted in, 13; recent
timber law in, 31; sale of timber in, 14.
New Bedford, Mass., collection district, when
formed, 105; description of, 107.
New Berne, N. C., obsolete district, 111.
New Brunswick, supervision of Crown lands in, 518;
labor and free grants acts, 567; timber regula-
tions, 568; licenses, 568; liens, 571; penalties for
trespass, 571; statistics of, 572; lumber trade of,
573. (See Canada,)
New Castle district canals, 588, 593, 594.
New Mexico, privileges of timber granted in, 13.
New Orleaus, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Newburyport, Mass., collection district, when
formed, 105; description of. 107.
Newport collection district, when formed, 105; do-
scription of, 107.
New Haven, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
New Hampshire, obsolete district, 111.
New London, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
New Mexico, acres entered under timber-culture
acts, 8.
New York, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107; shipment of forest products
to and from San Francisco, 437.
Now York Mills, Minn, lumber statistics, 63.
Notes upon forestry in the several States, 34.
Norfolk and Portsmouth, collection district, when
formed, 105; description of, 103.
Northern aspect suited to the firs, pines, larch, and
birch, 67.
Nottingham, obsolete district, 111.
North Platte River, depredations on timber near,
18.
North Truro, Mass., pine plantation in, 61.
Norway, allusion to the timber trade of, 443; plant-
ing in, 453.
Northwestern Iowa, planting in, 53.
Northwest territories of Cañada, timber lands in,
526.
Norwood, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Nova Scotia, supervision of Crown lands in, 518,
574; remarks of Professor Lyell concerning, 575.
(See Canada.)
Nurseries rotation of crops in. 65.
Nut-bearing trees, premiums for planting, in Iowa,
51.
Nutrition of plants affected by electricity, 72.
Nuts, duties on, 398; importation of, 436.
Oak bark and other dyes, value exported by foreign
countries, 1855 to 1863, 327; duties on, 398; im-
portation of, 433.
Oak, cultivation of, 70; exported from Canada, 1856
to 1867, 467; logs exported from Canada, 1862 to
1879, 474; timber exported from Canada, 1868 to
1879, 474; liable to injure the crop that succeeds
it, 66; peeling of the, 72; plank, &c., exported,
1789 to 1795, 244; prospers best with other kinds,
70; prospers in a southern, eastern, or western
aspect, 67; timber, exported from Canada by for-
eign countries, 1874 to 1879, 506; from Crownlands,
Ontario, 554; Quebec, 561.
614
Oar-blocks, duties on, 398.
Oar-logs from Crown lands of Ontario, 555.
INDEX.
Oars, exportation (values) by foreign countries, 1858
to 1879, 236; exported from Canadas, 1856 to 1867,
363; 1868 to 1879, 493; from Crown lands, Ontario,
556; Quebec, 566.
Obstacles to forest culture in Minnesota, 62.
Obsolete collection districts, 111.
Oconto, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Ocracoke, obsolete district, 111.
Ohio, obsolete district, 111.
O'Leary, P., on timber resources of British Colum-
bia, 579.
Ontario, Crown lauds of, 529; present Crown tim-
ber regulations, 533; foreigu timber of, 549; man-
agement of timber lands in, 532; supervision of
Crown lands in, 518; lumber on private lands
in, 550; timber statistics of, 552. (See Canada.)
Ontonagon, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Orange wood, importation of, 432.
Oregon, acres entered under timber-culture acts, 8;
collection district, when formed, 105; description
of, 109; sale of timber in, 14; timber trespass in,
18.
Orleans, Mass, planting in, 60.
Orford, obsolete district, 111.
Osage orange, failure as a hedge in certain cases,
52; planting adapted to southwestern Iowa, 53.
Osago River, timber depredations on, 18.
Osceola County, Iowa, planting in, 54.
Oscoda, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Osier, importation of, 431.
Oswegatchie, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 110.
Oswego, collection district, when formed, 105;
scription of, 110.
de-
"Other shooks, staves, and heading," value export-
ed by foreign countries, 1867 to 1879, 272; by dis-
tricts. 1869 to 1879, 275.
Other timber and wood products, value exported,
1789 to 1795, 214; 1868 to 1879, 244; by foreign
countries, 1868 to 1879, 244; by districts, 1868 to
1879, 247.
Ottawa Agency, Canada, form of timber licenso in,
536.
Ottawa Valley, lumber of, 446; slides and booms
for timber on the, 580; statistics of, 582, 583; navi-
gation of, 584; canals, 526, 587, 592, 594, 597.
Overproduction, evils from, 450, 519
Pacific coast, act for sale of timber on, 1 t.
Packard's Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
Packing boxes, imported, 1872-73 to 1878-79, 417;
of wood, duties on, 398.
Page County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 25.
Pails, tubs, dishes, &c., exported, 1769 to 1795, 295.
Palings, imported, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 411; export-
ed from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 485.
Painter, J. T., on forest culture in 9th horticultural
district, Iowa, 57.
Palatinates, undertake to produce naval stores, 331.
Palermo, prices of sumac in, 93.
Palmer, D. T., report fronı, 27.
Palmyra, obsolete district, 111.
Pamlico, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 108.
Partridge wood, importation of, 432.
Paso del Norte, collection district, when formed,
105; description of 109.
Passamaquoddy, Mo., collection district, when
formed, 105; description of, 106.
Paulvill Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Pearlash. (See Potash.)
Pearl Piver, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Peck, D., report from, 26.
Peeling of the oak, 72.
Penalties for trespass, New Brunswick, 571.
Peninsula of Canada, question of tree-planting in,
551.
Peusaukee, Wis., receipt of lumber at Milwaukee
from, 51.
Penusylvania, recent act to encourage planting
along roads. 31.
Penobscot, obsolete district, 111.
Pensacola, collection district, when formed, 108;
description of, 109.
Pensacola, exportations of pitch-pine from, 47.
Pentwater, Mich, receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Pepperelborough, &c., obsoleto district, 111, 112.
Perham, lumber statistics of, 63.
Perry's Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Perth Amboy, collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 107.
Peshtigo, Wis., receipt of 'umber at Chicago
from, 51.
Petersburg, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 103.
Petewawa, revenue from booms on, 582.
Petition of Wyoming Territorial Assembly, 9.
Philadelphia, collection district, when formed,
Pickets, exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 484;
105; description of, 108.
and palings imported, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 411;
from Crown land of Quebec, 566.
Piles, from Crown lands of Ontario, 556; passed
the slides on Ottawa, 589.
Pillage of timber lands in Canada before 1867,
525.
Pimento, importation of, 432.
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Saint Louis Railroad,
receipts of lumber by, 49, 50.
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad, re-
ceipts of lumber by, 49, 50.
Pine.clapboards, imported, 411; logs, exported from
Canada, 1869 to 1879, 475; needles as a manure,
63; planting on Cape Cod, 61; red, exported
from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461; 1868 to 1879
(square timber), 476; pine region of Alabama,
35; Riga, 92; timber, exported from Canada
by foreign countries, 1874 to 1879, 506; white,
exported from Canada, 1858 to 1867, 467; square
timber, exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 475;
exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 475; from
Crown lands, Ontario, 554; Quebec, 564; New
Brunswick, 572.
Pines prosper in a northern aspect, 67.
Pine trees, reservation of, on public lands, On-
tario, 541.
Pine and cedar, reservation of, on public lands in
Ontario, 543.
Pinus pinaster, fails on Cape Cod, 60.
Pinus rigida. planted on Cape Cod, 60.
་
Pitch, &c. production of, as reported by census,
332, 333; importation of, 1862-'63 to 1868–'69, 432;
1869-'70 to 1878–279. 433; and tar, commerce under
the Reciprocity Treaty, 513; pine, exportation
of, from Pensacola, 47. (See Tar and pitch).
Paned boards, plank, deals, and other sawed lum-
ber of hemlock, whitewood, sycamore, and
basswood imported, 1872 to 1879, 401; other lum-
ber, 402.
Plank, etc., exportation, 1802 to 1879 (general
table), 113; exported 1820 to 1854, by countries
(general table), 14; exportation by foreign
countries (M feet), 1820 to 1854, 127; (M feet and
values) 1855 to 1867, 136; by districts (M feet
and values). 151; imported, 1866 to 1872, 401;
planed, hemlock, etc., imported 1872 to 1879, 401;
other lumber, 402; joists and scantling, imported
from 1871-72 to 1-78-79; by countries, 402; by
districts, 404; and boards, exported from Cana-
da, 1856 to 1867, 462; 1868 to 1879, 481; boards
and joists, exported from Canada to foreign
countries 1874 to 1879, 507; etc., Canadian ex-
ported from United States 1-71 to 1879, 512; im-
ported into Canada 1868 to 18 9, 511.
Plank (sce Boards, Plank, and Scantling).
Plautations of willow, 66.
Planting, act to encourage, in Washington Terri-
tory, 33 act to encourage in Wyoming Terri-
tory, 34; in Minnesota, by counties, 64; in Sweden,
453; of overgreens in Iowa, 58; on Cape Cod, 60;
recommended in Canada, 454, 551; upon the prai-
ries, 4.0.
Plants, &c., importations of, 432.
Plymouth, obsolete district, 111.
Point St Ignace, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51; from Crown lands of Quebec, 565.
Poplar and other woods for paper, duties on, 398.
Portage Lake, icceipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
INDEX.
615
Port Huron, obsolete district, 111; receipt of lum-
ber at Chicago from, 51.
Port Orford, obsolete district, 111.
Port Sheldon, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
Portland and Falmouth, collection district, when
formed, 105; description of 106.
Portsmouth, N. H., collection district, when
formed, 105; description of, 107.
Ports of entry, present, 105.
Posts, duties on, 398; on Welland Canal, 604.
Posts, etc., imported, 1872-73 to 1878-'79, 418; from
Crown lands, Ontario, 556.
Potash and pearlash, exportation of 1789 to 1820,
377; 1821 to 1865, 377; 1866 to 1872, 378; exporta-
tion by districts, 378; shipment between New
York and San Francisco, 1869-70 to 1878-'79, 437;
exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462; exported
from Canada, 1868 to 1879, 501: and barks, ex-
portation, 1854 to 1879, (,eneral table), 113.
Pottawattamie County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 25.
Prairies, effect of plauting upon, 451; theories to
account for, 56.
Premiums for forest-tree planting, offered by the
Iowa Horticultural Society, in 1878, 51; small
results from, 52.
Present collection districts, 104.
Preservation of acorns, 71.
Presque Isle, obselete district, 111.
Prices, effect of reduced exports upon, 450; of
sumac in Palermo, 92; of timber in Canada in
recent years, 509.
Prince Edward Island, ship-building in, 450.
Private lands, timber on, in Canada, 550.
Privileges of timber granted in certain regions, 13.
Prosecutions for timber depredations, 10.
Protection formerly given to Canadian timber
trade, 460.
Providence, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
Public lands, timber on the, 8.
Public works of Canada, slides and booms, 580.
Puget Sound, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Pumps exported, 17c9 to 1795, 295.
Qualities of Canadian timber, 442; of wood as af-
fected by aspect, 67; by climate, 67.
Quebec, timber exportation of, 460; ships built at,
and sold to foreign countries, 1868 to 1875, 570;
supervision of Crown lands in, 518; memorial of
timber shippers of, 520; former capital of Canada,
526. (See Canada.)
Racine, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Rafting from remote regions of Canada, 451; on
the St. Lawrence, 460.
Railroad companies, use of timber by, 12; timber
for, in Texas, 33; at Chicago, lumber received
and shipped on, 49, 50; lumber in Canada reached
by, 550.
Railroad ties, obtained in Western territories, 18;
imported, 1869-'70 to 1878-'79, 415; duties on, 398;
exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 463; 1868 to
1879, 495; exported from Canada by foreign coun-
tries, 1874 to 1879, 509; from Crown lands of On-
tario, 556; Quebec, 566; New Brunswick, 572;
passed the slides on the Ottawa, 584; on Welland
Canal, 603, 605.
Rain-fall, connection between, and forests, in Iowa,
59; in Canada, 551.
Rangers, timber, duties of, in Canada, 537.
Ratians, importation of, 432; and reeds, duties on,
398.
Raw materials of wood, exportation, 1854 to 1879
(general table), 113.
Recent increase in value of timber lands in Ontario,
548; State and Territorial legislation. 20; and
existing timber regulations in Canada, 526.
Reciprocity Treaty, operation of, as regards forest
products, 513, 514.
Red cedar, protection of reservations of, 9.
Red River, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Redwood of California, necessity for preserving, 10.
Reeds, importation of, 432.
Regulations and rulings under timber-culture acts,
4.
Regulations, settlers' license, Ontario, 540.
Replanting, proposed in Canada, 447, 448.
Reports, form of, required in Crown lands depart.
ment, Ontario, 533.
Reproduction of timber in Canada hitherto over.
looked, 518.
Resin and rosin, commerce under reciprocity
treaty, 514.
Reservations of pine trees on public lands, Ontario,
511.
Reservation of pine and cedar on public lands in
Ontario, 543.
Reservation of red wood and sequoia recommended,
10.
Reservations of timber, protection of, 9; under the
mining act of Ontario, 547; timber in free grants
and homestead acts, Ontario, 545.
Resources of Canadian forests, 441.
Restocking with trees in Canada, 551.
Revenues, timber, in Canada, 1857 to 1866, 526, 552,
563.
Revised Statutes, law in, against timber depreda
tions, 9.
Rhode Island, recent planting act in, 32.
Richmond, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 108.
Rideau Canal, 584, 586, 587, 592, 594, 597.
Riga pine, cultivation of, 92.
Ripening of the wood, 67.
Road sides, planting in Minnesota, 64.
Roads, timber for, in Texas, 33.
Rodger's Creek, receipt of lumber at Chicago from,
51.
Roger's City, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Rosewood, importation of, 429, 430.
Rosin and turpentine, exportation by districts, 358;
total quantities and value exported from 1820 tó
1854, 334; total quantity and value, 1855 to 1879,
334; by foreign countries, 1855 to 1859, 346; im-
portation of, 1862-'63 to 1778-'79, 432; 1869–’70 to
1878-79, 433; production of, as reported by the
census, 332, 333; shipment between New York
and San Francisco, 437.
Rotation of crops in nurseries, 65.
Rough timber, imported, 1866-'67 to 1878-'79, 415.
Rulings under timber-culture acts, 4.
Sabine River, timber trespasses near, 17.
Sac County, Iowa, tree planting in, 25.
Sacket's Harbor, obsolete district, 111.
Saco, Mo., collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 106.
Sacramento, obsolete district, 111.
Saguenay, slides and booms on the, 580.
Saint Aune's Lock, 583. 584, 586, 591.
Saint Augustine, collection district, when formed,
105 description of, 109.
Saint Cloud, lumber statistics of, 63.
Saint John's, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 109.
Saint John River, lumber admitted free of duty
from, 438; statistics of lumber trade of, 573.
Saint Joseph, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Saint Lawrence Canals, description of, 584; lum-
ber carried on, 585, 582, 593, 595; details of trans-
portation, 595.
Saint Mark's, collection district, when formed,
155; description of, 109.
Saint Mary's, Md., obsolete district, 111.
Saint Mary's, Ga, collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 108.
Saint Maurice, slides and booms on the, 580, 583.
Saint Ours Lock, 585, 539.
Saint Peter's Canal, 594.
Saint Paul's Pier, receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Satin wood, importation of, 429.
Sag Harbor, collection district, when formed, 105.
description of, 107.
Saginaw, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Saluria, collection district, when formed, 106; de.
scription of, 109.
Sale of timber ou Pacific coast, 14.
Salem and Beverly, Mass., collection district,
when formed, 105; description of, 107.
San Diego, collection district, when formed, 106,
description of, 109.
616
INDEX.
San Diego, obsolete district, 111.
Sandusky, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 110.
San Francisco, collection district, when formed,
106; description of, 109; lumber trade of, 43;
shipment of forest products to and from New
York, 437.
San Joa quin, obsolete district, 111.
San Pedro, obsolete district, 111.
Sandal wood, importation of, 430.
Sap of pine, used in making vanilla, 80.
Sash, &c,, exported from Canada, 1876 to 1879, 501.
(See Window sash and blinds.)
Saugatuck, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from. 51.
Saint Peter's Canal, 585.
Sault Ste. Marie, obsolete district, 111.
Savannah, Ga., collection district, when formed,
106; description of, 108.
Saw-logs, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1879. 463;
from Crown lands of Ontario, 556; on Welland
Canal, 593.
Saw-mills in Canada, census returns of, 515, 516,
517; local supply for, in Ontario, 543.
Sawed lumber, exported, 1795 to 1840 (M feet_col-
lectively), 126; 1854 to 1879 (M feet and values
collectively), 126.
Sawn and hewn timber. (See Timber.)
Scaffold poles, from Crown lands, Ontario, 556.
Scale for timber measurement, legalized in Califor-
nia, 28.
Scaling of logs and lumber in Minnesota, 63.
Scantling, &c., exportations, 1802 to 1879 (general
table), 113; exportation by foreign countries (M
feet), 1820 to 1854, 127; (M feet and values), 1855
to 1867, 135; by districts (M feet and values), 151;
imported from 1866 to 1872, 401; from 1871-72 to
1878-79, by countries, 402; by districts, 404; ex-
ported from Canada, 1856 tó 1867, 462; 1863 to 1879,
482; exported from Canada by foreign countries,
1874 to 1879, 507; Canadian, exported from the
United States, 1871 to 1879, 510. (See Boards,
plank, and scantling.)
Schooners, built, 1815 to 1879, 380; percentages, 382.
Scotch pines in Iowa, 57, 58; sowing of, 73.
Scott County, Iowa, tree planting in, 26.
Scotland, exportation of pitch pine from Pensacola
to various ports in, 48; success of the sequoia in,
82.
Sea, export of products of (1802 to 1861), 112; five-
year periods, 113.
13;
Secretary of Interior, rulings and decisions of, 4,
recommends reservations in California, 10;
report on timber depredations, 10.
Seeds, duties on, 398.
Seedlings of oak, treatment of, 71.
Séguier, Baron, on the cultivation of Riga pine, 100.
Sequoias of California, necessity of reserving, 10;
node of growth of, 82; success of, in Europe, 81.
Settlers' license regulations, Ontario, 540.
Sheboygan, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Shingle bolts export d from Canada, 1868 to 1879,
497 imported, 1869-70 to 1878-79, 415.
Shingle-bolts, from Crown lands of Ontario, 556;
Quebec, 566.
Shingles, duties on, 398; trade in, at Chicago, 49;
exportation of, 1802 to 1879 (general table), 113;
exportation, 1820 to 1854 (general table), 113; by
countries, 114; total exportations, 1789 to 1854,
185; quantity, total value, and average value,
1855 to 1879, 185; value by foreign countries, 1820
to 1854, 186; by foreign countries (M and values),
1855 to 1868, 194; by foreign countries (M and
value), 1869 to 1879, 199; by districts (M and
value), 1855 to 1879, 204; imported from, with du-
ties, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 411; imported, 1871-'72
to 1878-79, by foreign countries, 412; by districts,
412; exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 463; 1863
to 1879, 488; by foreign countries, 1874 to 1879,
508; Canadian, exported from United States, 1871
to 1879, 510; from Crown lands, Ontario, 556;
Quebec, 566; New Brunswick, 573; British Co-
lumbia, 580.
Shingle-mills, Canadian, census returns of, 516, 517.
Ship-building by districts, 1855 to 1879, 382; class
and number of vessels built, 1815 to 1879, 380; per-
centages, 382; reduced demands for timber in, 450.
Ships built at Quebec and sold to foreign countries,
1868 to 1875, 510; in Canada, &c., 1876 to 1879, 511.
Ship knees, from Crown lands of Ontario, 556.
Ship planking, duties on, 398; imported, 1868-'69 to
1878-'79, 415.
Ship timber imported, 1269-'70 to 1878-'79, 415.
Shoe pegs, exportation, 1873, 1874, 325.
Shooks, &c., exportation, 1854 to 1879 (general
table), 113; imported, 1872 to 1879, 417; not other-
wise specified, quantity and value exported by
districts, 1864-'65, 278.
Shrubs, &c., commerce in, under reciprocity treaty,
515; importation of, 432.
Sicily, cultivation of sumac in, 83.
Silver fir, used in making vaniline, 81.
Silver Lake, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Sioux County, Iowa, tree planting in, 26, 54.
Skeena River, British Columbia, timber ou, 579.
Skins and furs, exportation of, 375.
Sleepers exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 403;
1868 to 1879, 495.
Slides and booms for timber in Canada, 580; sta-
tistics of, 582.
Sloops built, 1815 to 1879, 380; percentages, 382.
Snow Hill, obsolete district, 111.
Soil, effect of dryness or humidity upon the quality
of the wood, 67; effect of, in growth of maritime
pine, 74; suited to the Riga pine, 97.
Sologne, cultivation of the pine in, 74.
Sonoma, obsolete district, 111.
South Haven, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
South Quay, obsolete district, 111.
Southern aspect suited to the oak, naple, and
chestnut, 67.
Southern Oregon, collection district, when formed,
106; description of, 109.
Sowing and management of the Riga pine, 98; of
the Scotch pine, 73.
Spars, exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462;
1868 to 1879, 490, 491; &c., exported (values), 1801 to
1879, 227; by foreign countries, 1820 to 1854, 228;
1863 to 1868, 235; exportation (values), by foreign
countries, 1868 to 1879, 236; from Crown lands
of Ontario, 556; Quebec, 566; British Columbia,
580; passed the slides on Ottawa, 584.
Spaulding's timber scale, 23.
-
Species, mixture of, in Canadian forests, 455.
Spinning wheels, exported from 1789 to 1795, 295.
Spirits of turpentine, exportation from 1789 to
1879, 360; by foreign countries, 360; importation
of, 1862-'65 to 1868-'69, 432; 1869-'70 to 1878-'79,
433; commerce in, under Reciprocity Treaty, 514.
Spokes and felloes, exported from 1789 to 1795, 295.
Spruce, clapboards imported, 411; logs exported
from Canada 1869 to 1879, 477: prospers in a west-
ern aspect, 67; timber, qualities of, 448; from
Crown lands, Ontario, 553, 551; Quebec, 564;
New Brunswick, 572, 573.
Spruce timber wasted in working, 446-456, 549.
Stagnant water, effect of upon quality of wood, 67.
Statistics of timber trade of Canada, 459.
Stave-bolts, 498; imported, 1869–70 to 1878–’79, 415 ;
&c., duties on, 398.
Staves and heading, shingles, boards, planks, scant-
ling, and hewn timber, exportation, 1802 to 1879
(general table), 113; shingles, boards, planks, &c.,
and of hewn timber, exported, 1820 to 1854, by
countries (general table), 114; general summary
of exportation, 1789 to 1854, 249; (M and values),
1855 to 1879, 250; by foreign countries (M), 1820
to 1854, 251; by foreign countries (M and value),
1855 to 1861, 257; by foreign countries, condensed
headings (M and value), 1862 to 1864, 262; by
foreign countries (M and value), 1865 to 1868,
262; by districts (M and value), 1855 to 1868, 264 ;
exportation, 1854 to 1879 (general table), 113;
importation of 1866-'67 to 1878-79, 415; ship-
ments between New York aud San Francisco,
437; exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 462;
1868 to 1879, 486, 487; by foreign countries, 1874
to 1879, 508; from Crown lands, Ontario, 556;
Quebec, 566; on Canadian canals, 601, 602.
Steamers built, 1855 to 1879, percentages, 382.
Sturgeon Bay, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Stevens County, Wash. Ter., timber-planting act
applied to, 33.
INDEX.
617
•
Sticks, importation of, 432.
Stonington, collection district, when formed, 105;
description of, 107.
Storms, protection from by forests, 450.
Story County, Iowa, tree-planting in, 26.
Stumpage system of New Brunswick, 572.
Suamico, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Subsoil, effect of on the growth of maritime pine,
74.
Sugar boxes, duties on, 398; exported from Canada,
1868 to 1879, 485.
Suits against tiniber depredators, 16.
Lumac, cultivation of in Sicily, 83; duties on, 398;
importation of, 435.
Sunbury, obsolete district, 111.
Superior, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 110.
Surveys of public lands in Canada, 526, 562.
Sweden, allusion to the timber trade of, 443; plant-
ing in, 453; present condition of forests in, 452;
preservation of timber in, 451.
Sycamore and basswood, imported from 1872 to
1879, 401; planed, imported, 1872 to 1879, 401;
other lumber, 402.
Synopsis of tables of importation of forest pro-
ducts, 399.
System of wood ranging in Ontario, 537.
Tamarack exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867, 461;
1868 to 1879, 477; from Crown lands, Ontario, 554;
Quebec, 565.
Tau bark, oak, peeling of, 72; oak, exported from
Canada, 1876 to 1879, 503; imported into Canada,
1868 to 1879, 572.
Tanning materials, duties on, 398; importation of,
433.
Tappahannock, collection district, when formed,
105; description of, 103; obsolete district, 111.
Tar, commerce in, under Reciprocity Treaty, 514;
importation of, 1862-'63 to 1868-'60, 432; 1869–170
to 1878-'79, 433; and pitch, duties on, 399; expor-
tation between New York and San Francisco,
437; quantity and total value exported 1820 to
1854, 334; quantity and value 1855 to 1879, 334;
by foreign countries, 1855 to 1879, 335; by dis-
tricts, 1855 to 1879, 344; &c., production of, as re-
ported by census, 332, 333.
Tawas City, Mich, receipts of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Teche, collection district, when formed, 105; de-
scription of, 109.
Telegraph poles, from Crown lands, Ontario, 556;
Quebec, 566. (See Hop, hoop, telegraph, and other
poles.)
Teneessee Valley, forests of, 38.
Territories, privileges of timber granted in, 13; tim.
ber in unsurveyed parts of, 12.
Texas, act for protection of timber in, 32; obsolete
district of, 111; right of eminent domain with
respect to timber, 33.
Thayne, Stewart, evidence given by, before com-
mittee, 441; opinion upon maintenance of forests,
451; on forest supplies of Sweden, &c., 452, 453.
Thompson, J. G., on planting on Cape Cod, 60.
Ties. (See Railroad ties.)
Timber-culture acts of Congress, changes in, 2; act
of 1878, 2; regulations and rulings, 4; statistics
of, 7.
Timber, defined under timber-culture act, 5; on the
public lands, &; use of, by new railroad companies,
12; on unsurveyed lands, 12; privileges of, granted
in certain States and Territories, 13; on the
Pacific Coast, act for sale of, 14; depredations,
action of department relating to, 16; scale legal-
ized in California, 28; &c., exportation, 1854 to 1879
(general table), 113; exported (tons), 1801 to 1854,
210; (tons and values), 1855 to 1861, 211; (cubic
feet and values), 1869 to 1874, 211; hewn, exported
(tons) by foreign countries, 1820 to 1854, 212; (tons
and value), 1855 to 1868, 215; sawed and hewn, ex-
ported (cubic feet and values) by foreign coun-
tries, 1867 to 1879, 220; hewn, &c., exported (quan-
titics and values) by districts, 1855 to 1879, 224;
exported, 1789 to 1795, 244; duties on, 399; duti-
able, imported, 1871-'72 to 1878-'79, by foreign
countries, 415; by districts, 416; imported, 1866
-'67 to 1878-79, 414; and lumber, as specified, im-
ported, 1869 -'70 to 1878-'79, 415; resources of Can-
Timber, defined—Continued.
ada, 439, 411; trade, economies in the, 457, 458;
from United States, shipped at Quebec, 459, 460;
not specified, exported from Canada, 1876 to 1879,
494; prices of, in Canada in recent years, 509;
sawn or hewn, wholly or in part, Canadian ex-
ported from the United States, 1873 to 1879, 510;
lands of Canada, 518; revenues of Canada, 1856 to
1867, 526; 1857 to 1866, 526; regulations, dominion
lands of Canada, 527; definitions of, in Canada
statutes, 527; on public lands, act respecting the
sale of, in Ontario, 529; lands of Ontario, manage-
ment of, 532; regulations of Ontario, present, 533,
540; license, form of, Ontario, 536; statistics of
Ontario, 552; form of, Quebec, 558; statistics of,
563; form of, Now Brunswick, 568; form of, Brit-
ish Columbia, 576; licenses in free-grant lands,
545; reservations under the mining act of Ontario,
547; agencies of Ontario, 543; lands, recent in-
crease in value in Ontario, 548; trade foreign of
Ontario, 549; on private lands in Ontario, 550;
statistics of Ontario, 552; of Quebec, 563; of New
Brunswick, 572; on Canadian canals, 589, 598, 599.
Todd, Prof. J. E., article by, 55; theory of prairies
by, 56.
Tonnage of vessels built, 1815 to 1879, 380; of ship
building by, districts; 1855 to 1879, 382.
Toronto, former capital of Canada, 526.
Towner's Pier, receipts of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Transfers of licenses, Crown lands of Quebec, 562.
Traverse City, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chi-
cago from, 51.
Traverses and ties from crown lands, Ontario, 556;
Quebec, 566; on Welland Canal, 605.
Treenails, exportation by districts, (M and value)
1864 and 1865, 243; exported from Canada, 1856
to 1267; 1863 to 1879, 494.
Tree planting on Cape Cod, 60; in Minnesota, 61,
by counties,
-.
Trees, rotation of crops in, 65; plants, &c, duties
on, 399; plants, shrubs, &c., importation of, 432;
and shrubs of Alabama, 39.
Trent River, improvements on the, 581.
Trespass on Crown lands of Canada, regulation s
concerning, 525; receipts from Ontario, 553;
Quebec, 563; New Brunswick, 572.
Trespass on timber lands, 16; on the public lands,
Ontario, 545.
Tropical woods, general, heavy, 67.
Tulip poplar, transplanting of, 45.
Turpentine, commerce in, under Reciprocity
Treaty, 514; recent act of Alabama against ille
gal working, 27; region of Alabama, 35; &c., pro.
duction of, as reported by the census, 332, 333;
trespass in the production of, 19. (See Rosin and
turpentine).
Two Rivers, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
Umbrella sticks, duties on, 399.
Uncertainties from changes in headings of com-
mercial statistics, 2.
Unmanufactured wood imported, 1866-'67 to 1878
-'79, 415; not specified, imported, 1872-'73 to
1872-'79, 418; 1871-'72 to 1879 by foreign coun-
tries, 418; by districts, 421.
Umpqua, obsolete district, 111.
Unsurveyed lands, timber on, 12.
Upper California, obsolete district, 111.
Upper Canada, timber revenues, 1857 to 1866, 526.
Utah, acres entered under timber-culture acts, 8;
forest fires in, 19; privileges of timber granted
in 13; railroad ties obtained in, 18.
Vanilla, from pine sap, 20.
Various classes of forest products, exportation of,
1854 to 1879, 113.
Verification of returns of timber cutting in Onta
rio, 538.
Vermont, collection district, when formed, 106; de-
scription of, 110.
Vertical shoot, importance of grafting the, 76.
Vessels built, 1815 to 1879, 380; porcentages, 382.
Vesque, M., on the ripening of wood, 63.
Vicksburg, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 109.
Vienna, obsolete district, 111.
618
INDEX.
Wagon and cart wheels exported from 1789 to 1795,
295.
Wagon-blocks, duties on, 399; &c., imported, 1872-
'73 to 1878-'79, 418.
Wagon stuff on Welland Canal, 605.
Wahanapitt River, Canada, lumber region of, 550.
Walker, Thomas, report from, 21.
Walnut lumber exported from Canada, 1856 to 1867,
462; 1868 to 1879, 478.
Walnuts, importation of, 436.
Waldoborough, collection district, Me., when form-
ed, 106; description of, 106.
Watrous, C. L., report on, 57.
Warren, R. I., &c., collection district, 107.
Washington County. Iowa, tree-planting in, 27.
Washington, N. C., obsolete district, 112.
Washington Territory, acres entered under timber-
culture acts, 8; sale of timber in, 14; timber
planting act in, 33; timber trespass in, 18.
Waste of timber, 446; efforts to prevent, in Onta
rio, 525, 537; of timber, as reported by Montreal
Board of Trade, 453; in working square timber,
446, 456, 549.
Wayne County, Iowa, tree planting in, 27.
Welland canal, description of, 584; forest pro-
ducts carried on, 585; detailed statistics of
transportation of forest products on, 587, 593,
595; transportation up and down, 598.
Western aspect suited to the spruce, oak, beech,
and hornbeam, 67.
Western timber district, Ontario, form of timber
license, 536.
Wharf timber imported 1866-'67 to 1878-'79; from
Crown lands of Ontario, 556, 414.
White ash in North Western Iowa, 53.
White, John, description of Canadian forests. 434.
White Lake, Mich., receipt of lumber at Chicago
from, 51.
White Mountains, obsolete district, 112.
White, Professor, on cause of prairie fires, 56.
Whited, Stephen, report from, 22.
White wood, &c., planed, imported, 1872 to 1879.
401; other lumber, 402; sycamore and basswood
imported from 1872 to 1879, 401; flourish among
oaks, 70 from Crown lands of Ontario, 554, 555.
Whiting, C. E., plantation by, 55.
Whitman County, Washington Territory, timber
planting act applied to, 33.
Whole timber (other than masts and spars), expor-
tation (values) by foreign countrics, 1868 to 1879,
236.
Willamette, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 109; Williamsburg Canal, 584.
Williams Pier, Wis., receipt of lumber at Chi-
cago from, 51.
Willow, directions for cultivation, 66; duties on,
399; premiums for planting in Iowa, 51; and
willow wares, importation of, 431; white, value
of timbers, 54; in N. W. Iowa, 53.
Wilmington, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 103.
Winds affect trees grown on certain aspects, 67.
Window sash and blinds, value exported, 1864 to
1865, by districts, 304.
Windows and doors exported from 1789 to 1795, 295.
Winkless, T., report from, 26.
Wisconsin, timber depredations in, 18.
Wiscasset, Me., collection district, when formed,
106; description of, 106.
Wisconsin, statistics of timber growing in, 65.
Wolf River, receipt of lumber at Chicago from, 51.
Wolfe Island, Canada, timber rafted at, 460.
Wood, duties on, 399; ripening of, 67; manufac
tures, exported, 1789 to 1795, 295; not specified,
imported, 1872-'73 to 1878-'79, 418; unmanufac-
tured, imported, 1866-'67 to 1878-'79, 415; other
than as specified, exported from Canada. 1856 to
1867, 463; imported into Canada, 1868 to 1879, 511;
not specified, exported from Canada, 1868 to 1879,
500; arguments in favor of manufacture in On-
tario, 549.
Wooden wares, value exported by foreign countries,
1964 to 1865, 320; total exportation, 1869 to 1879,
320; by districts, 1864 to 1879, 324; shipment be-
tween New York aud San Francisco, 437; on
Wolland Canal, 605.
Wood-ranging, system of, in Ontario, 537.
Worth County, Iowa, tree planting in, 27.
Wright, Geo. H., report made by, 53.
Wyatt, J. E., report from, 25.
Wyoming, privileges of timber granted in, 13;
railroad ties procured in, 18; timber planting act
in, 34; petition from legislative assembly of, 9.
Yarmouth, Mass., planting in, 60.
Yeocomico River, obsolete district, 112.
York, Biddeford, and Pepperelborough, obsolete
district, 112.
York, Me., collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 106.
Yorktown, collection district, when formed, 106;
description of, 103.
Yosemite Valley, act for improvemect of, 29.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
>
3 9015 06733 9872
:
:
!
SD
11
A4
V.2
U.S. Forest service.......
Report on fores-
try.
17352