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ÎÎÏÏĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪĪ ■■■■=.……：…：……*..*?）<<<< / p * 2. * vetket Öveiðigov, pºéya óē a revaxſero 6vuò' “ópol, &reuxmripes, 'Axatičes, oùkér’’Axatoſ. # prºv či) Adé8m Tóðe y' éoro’etat aiv66ev aivös, ei uſ ris Aavaðv vöv "Ekropos &vríos étoiv. • 5 & * A / ty * * y &AA’ jueſs uév travrés àop kai yata yévotorðe, #uevot at 6, &Kaorrow &kiptov, &KAeës airos' * 3 * : * 3 M / 3 * ty Tóðe à éyòv airós 6opſ&opal airãp itsp6ev víkms Teipat’ exovral év &6avárovoſt 6eotorw.” *Q & A A Af & s àpa povijo as Karečiſorero Teixea ka?\á. p ëv6a ké tot, MévéAae, pávn 8wórowo TeXevri) 70 80 85 90 100 B 2 4 IAIAAOX 7. "Ekropos év traXápmoiv, Štrei troX (péprepos ºjev, 3 & 2 .. w! * 9 Q-se ei ºl āvaišavres éAov Baouxſies 'Axatów 5 f : y 3 Af 3. 3. / airós T' 'Arpetóms eipwkpeſov 'Ayapépuav Sečirepſis {Ae Xelpós, òros tº #qar’ & T' dudua ſev’ “&qipatvets, MevéAae Ötorpedés, oióé ré ore Xpi) Tai'rms à ppooróvms’ &vå Ö’ taxeo knööuevös trep, plmö' éðex' & pv60s get äuetvov, pori pāxerêal, "Ekropt IIpuapºtēm, Tóvre a rvyéovoſt kal &AAot. sal ö’’AXAeës roſrº ye uáxm évi květavelpm ëpply’ &vruſ&oxfioral, & Tep o'éo troAXèv àpeſvov. âAAä or prev vov iſév ièv perä &6vos éraipov, A * P y 3. A 2 A. Toàrº è trpópov &AAov čvaorrijoſovoruv 'AXavoſ. et Tep &6étis T' éori kai ei pudôov čo T' àköpmros, qmput puy &o traortos yóvv Kápºlyetv, at ke pöymoru ëmíov čk troXéuovo kai alvis àmàorfiros.” *Os eitrov trapétrewrév 36expelot, bpévas #pos, alorua trapeutróv' & 6' étreſöero. Tod pºv čtretta Af P 9 3y A . 2 ºf ym0ógvvoi 6epátrovtes &m’ &piov retixe’ &\ovro" Néotop 8' 'Apyetovolv čvioraro kai peréettrev" “& Tótrov, 7 päya Trévôos 'Axatièa yatavikávet' # ke uéy’ oiud'éete yépov intmAára IImAeſs, éo 6\ös Mvpulêóvov 8ovXmºbôpos #3' àyopmrijs, ôs Toré º eipóuevos péy' éyń6eev (; Évi oikº, Trávrov 'Apyetov ćpéov yeweijv Te Tókov re. Toijs vöv el Tróorolovras āq'"Ekropt trávras ākočo'at, ToMAá key à6avátovot p(\as āvā xeſpas àeſpat, 6upºv čTö plexéov bövat 56pov "Aïöos etoro. at yáp, Zed Te Tárep kai 'A6mvain kai "AtroXAov, #8%p', Ös àr’ tº Ökvpóg Keāāāovrt pi&xovro âypówevot IIöNuoſ Te Kal'Apkáðes éyxeatuopol, * º, 2 3. & A qbetàs trap tetxea.oruv, "Iapóávov &pſpi fiéeffpa. Toſort 6’’Epev6a)\ſov trpópos torraro, ioróðeos pés, Teixe' exov ćuotorw 'Apnióóoto &vakros, Stov 'Apnióóov, Töv čtrikAmoru kopvvármy 3/ * àvöpes k(k\makov KaNAſovoſ re yuvaikes, oùvek’ &p oë rééotoi paxéaketo Öoupſ te pakpá, 2 * / A & ſº &A O. cºmpeii. sºpvin pywoke, báMayyas. Töv Avkóopyos étréºve 86A9, oi tu kpáret ye, * * * * * ey 9 3 Af & Jºy a rewoTº èv 66%, 86° àp’ oi kopóvn oí óAeëpov 105 1 10 125 | 30 135 140 IAIAAOX 7. * 4.-- & ^. p e *A. Ypatople orwömpein’ Toiv yap Avkdopyos ūTroq6ās Öovpi peaſov trepôumorev, 6 o' WTrios oióel épetorón. rečxea 6' ééevápiós, tá oi trópe XáXkeos "Apns. V *\ ^ 3 M p M. * y Yai Tà pièv airós étretta påpet pietà HóAov "Apnos" airãp étrel Avkóopyos évi pleyápotoruv ćyūpa, 66ke Ö’’Epev6a)\tovt, ptA@ 6epáTovrt, popfivat. wº 2 tod ó ye Teixe Éxov Tpoka)\{ero Távras āptorovs’ & Q & tº v 3 3 f V 2 / 3 & P 3/ oi öè pudº €Tpdpeov kai éðeſövaav, oùöé Tus ét}\m. &AA’ pie 6vpos àviike troXvt.Añpov troAepigetv 6áporčí ó yeweft be veðtaros éorkov štávrov. V f e 3 A a'a / an 2 A kai payápamu oi éyò, Öókev 6é pºol etxos 'Affivm Töv Šil puffkuo Tov kai kāptuo Tov Krávov čvöpa' A / 3/ A 3/ a 3/ ToMAós yáp Tus ékewto trapſiopos évôa kai évôa. eið’ Ös #860tput, 8tm Öé pou èpºtebos eim’ an y 2 A Af tf tº ke Táx’ &vrijolete payms kopuðatoxos "Ektop. juéov 6' of Tep Šaoruv ćptoties IIavaxatów, où6' oi Tpoppovéos péptaff' "Ekropos &vtſov čA6eiv.” *Qs vetkeoro’ 6 yepov, oi Ö’ évvéa trávres évéo Tav. &pro troAt Tpótos pºev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapuéuvov, * 3 2. Y / ^ M / tº 6’ 4tri Tvöeſöms & pro Kparepôs Avopijöms, Toſort 6' ét’ Atavres, 60üpu étuelp.évot &Akſjv, Toſo. 6’ 37' 'Iöopaeveys kal 6Táov Iöopaevnos Mmpuðvms, &ráAavros 'Evva»ſq àvöpeuqāvrm, Toſort 6' ét’ EöpúTvXos, Eöaipovos &yAaôs vios, āv Šē Qóas 'Avôpaupovſöns Kai Öſos Obvoroſeiſs' Távres àp’ of y' éðeXov troAspaſſelv "Ekropt big. to's 8' airls peréettre Tepúvios in Tóra Négroo" “KAñpºp vov TetráAaorée àtaputrépés, Ös ke Aāxmortu" oùros yāp oil dwija et éðkvijuubas Axaločs, Y S 3 – 9. N – A A 5 / y / kai 6’ airós 6v 6vgöv čvioletal, at ke pöymoru ôniov čk toxépovo kai alvis àmīorfiros.” * *Qs éqaô” oi Öè k\ſipov čo muſivavro Škaotos, év 6’ 3a)\ov kvvén 'Ayapaéuvovos 'Arpetöao. Aao. 3' ſpijo avro, 6eoſot be Xeſpas àvéoxov" * / wº 3 S \ 3. 3. V 2 Af º &öe 6é Tus eitreoſkey ióðv eis oilpavóv eipúv “Zed Tátep, Atavra Aaxeſv, *. Tvöéos viðv, in airóv Baorºſa troAvXpúa'oto Mvkivms.” * Os àp' épav, TáAAév Öe Tepāvuos iTTóra Négrap, ëk o' éðope k\ſipos Kvvéms, Öv àp’ #6eNow airot, 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 6 IAIAAOX 7. Atavros. Kfipwé Öe pépov &v’āpukov štávrm beið’ évôéćia Tãoruv ćptotijeorow ’AXavóv. oi 6' oi yuyvöorkovres à Tnvijvavro Škaotos. / &AA’ &re Öm Tov trave ſpépov &v’āpu)\ov Štrávril, ôs pav čTuypályas Kvvém 3&Ae, paíðuos Aias, iftov ŠTéoxe6e Xeºp', 66° àp? §132Aey &yx, Tapaotás, * v. * f * 3 N. A A è * yvá 3& KAñpov oriua ióðv, yijómore àe 6vgº. -- Töv prºv trap Töö' éðv Xapadāus BáAe, pd{vmorév re' {{ º Z 3/ a 3 P / * 3 \ & pi\ot, irot KAñpos épids, Xaipo 68 Kai airós 6vpiſº, Tei čokéo vukmorépev "Ektopa 6ſov. ãXX’ &yer', Öqp’ &v éyò Toxepiña Teixea 880, f 3 & * 3/ \ a y tdqp' jueſs eixeorge Ali Kpovíavi ävakti otyń śq’ jueſov, tva piñ Tpóés ye Túðovral, 2 \* * ł & A 2 \ y A 3/ e ºffè kal épºqačímv, Štrei of Tuva Öeſöupwev čutrms où yáp ris pºe Blm ye éköv &ékovra öimrat, où6é tu iópein, être oió' épè viſióá y' otºros éAtropiat àv XaAap.ſvt yewéo 6at Te Tpadéuev re.” *Qs éqa6' oi Ö’ eixovro Ali Kpovíov. čvaktv' º / 3 S X 2 * 3 / ôöe Sé ris eitreakev ióðvels oilpavöv eipúv. “Zed Tárep, "Iöm6ev peóéov, Köövote, piéyuote, \ öös víkmv Atavru kal &y\aôv etxos épéorðat. ei öè ka? "Ektopá Tep quxéeus kai kjöeat airoij, 3y 3. / Af V ey 3y 35 to my &piqorépouou Bûmv Kai Kočos ÓTao orov. * Os àp' éqav Atas Šē kopiča oreto vépottu XaAkë. airãp étrévôň Távra Tepi Xpot orgaro Teixea, A --> 3/ * / A 3/ y orečat’ trev6', otós Te TeX&ptos épxeral "Apns, ey 3 * A. P 5 2 f e/ / ôorr' elow TóAépôvöe per’ &vépas, oùote Kpovíov 6vpoſłópov čptóos pévet évvémke Héxeorðat. Totos àp’ Aias & pro TeXóptos, épkos 'AXavóv, f * Af / *A A pºetówáav BMoavpotoru Tpoorótraoru' vépôe Öè troorgiv 3/. . * / P P y ifts pakpā Buffés, Kpačátov Šoxx60 ktov čyxos. Töv Šē kai 'Apyelow pºv ćyń6eov eio opóovres, Tpóas be Tpópos aivös jTúAv6e yula Éraorov. "E { 5 3 * V 3 V / / º Kropſ tº airó 6vuòs évi o Tijóegort tráragorev 2 Y \ } . M. 3/ * e f 3 & 2 2 * &AA’ of tros étu elyev Štrotpégau oiâ’ &vaðūval &W, Aaſov ćs àpukov, Tei TpokaAéoorato xàppm. Atas 6' yyú6ev A6e pépov orákos jöre Túpyov, xáAkeov, Tragóetov, 6 oi Tuxios Káple Teixov, f * .3 ty y 3 ſº a kurorópov čx’ &ptoros, "TAm évi oikia vaſov, 185 190 200 210 215 220 IAIAAOX 7. ës oi étroimorev orékos aid}\ov čTragóetov, Taúpov Çarpeqéov, Tri Ö’ Öyöoov #Aage XaAków. Tô Tpóo 6e a répyoto ºpépaw TeXapºvuos Aias otfi fia pučN’"Ekropos éyyús, &Teºfigas & Trpoo`miſèa' “"Ektop, viiv prev 67 oréqſa etoreal oió6ev otos, otov Kai Aavaotoruv ćptotiles uétéaoruv, Kai pºet’’AXAAña fiméâvopa 6vuoxéovra. àAA’ 6 pºv čv vijeorgi kopovío. Tovtotrópolow kett’ &Topºmuto as 'Ayapéuvovu, Toupévu Aačv' #pets 6’ eiuév Tolou, oi äv oréðev &vrváoralpley, kal Toxées. &AA’ &pxe payms ièë Troxéuoto.” Töv č' aire Tpooréetire péyas Kopv6aío)\os "Ektop' “Atav Štoyevès TeXapºvie, Kotpave Aačov, pºſitſ pºev före Tatóðs āq avpoë Teipſiriſe iè yvyatkós, # oikotöev ToMepºſia èpya. airãp éyòu et otöa paxas T' &vöpokTao'ías re. otö’ étri Šećiá, otö’ ét’ &ptorrepò vopija at 86.9 ăſaxémy, Tó plot €ott Taxatpuov troXepigeuv' otòa 6' étraičat puddov TTov Ókeväov, otôa 5’ evi o Tabin Ömiq pºèATe06d, "Apni. &AA’ oi yáp o' é6éA@ 8a)\éew Towodrov čávra Aá0pm 3TvTeijoſas, &AA’ &pſpaúðv, at ke Túxopi.” *H fia, Kai àpireTaxöv Tpoiet boxixáoklov čyxos, kai 3&Aév Atavros delvöv orákos éttaſööetov - ākpóratov Karā XaAköv, Ös Öyö00s fiev čT’ airó. &é Öè 6ta TTúxas A6e Öaigov XaAkös àteupſis, év tá č’ éðöopath juvé, oxéro. 6eiſrepos aire Aias buoyevils Tpoiet 60A1X60 klov čyxos, kai 3&\e IIpuapuíðao Kat' ào Tíða Távroo’ to my. övå pºv čo Tíðos A0e paeuvils Ö3pupov čyxos, Kai Övö 66pmkos ToxvöatóóAov pipeloto' ăvtukpo be trapai Aatápmy ovápmore Xtróva êyxos' 5 Ö’ ékAtvöm kai äAečato Kfipa MéNatvav. to 3’ &Ko Tagorapéval box{x’ yxea Xepaiv Šp' àppa. orév 5’ Tegov, Aetovolv čoukóres &pioqāyotorw # orvor: Kätſpotov, TóvTe o 0évos oilk &Aatračváv. TIpuapiſóms uév Étretta pégov orékos oitage Öovpi, oiâ’ ppméev XaAkós, òveyvápºpón Öé oi aixuñ. Atas 6' ào Tíða vööev čTáApuevos' ſi è? §uatroë 225 230 235 240 250 255 260 8 + IAIAAOX 7. #Av6ev éyxeim, otvq?éAuče 6é puu pepadora, Tuñónv Ö' aixáv' étrfiX6e, pºéAav č’ &vekūkiev alua. âAA’ oiâ’ &s āTéAmye payms kopuffaloxos "Ekrop," º 3 2 f / ef \ &AA’ &vaxagorčueves Aíðov etxe to Yeup. Taxeſ A awaxaggagewes Avov elaerºxelp taxed. Ketuevov čv Teóſº, pºéAava, Tpm)(āv Te puéyav Te’ Tô BáAév Atavros beivöv orékos étraflóetov péo gov čTopſpáAuovº Tepuixmorev 6° àpa XaAkós. ösöTepos att' Aias Toño petſova Aaav čeſpas @ , .5 x A 3. y ~ 6, , , 3 } f àk’ &Tučuvijoſas, étrépetoſe êe iv' &TéAeópov, eigo 3’ &c. Tíð’ éaće (3a)\öv MuNoetóé Tétpºp, 6Aáre Öé oi (bùa yotſva6’ 68’ iTtvos ééeTavčo 6m ão Tíð’ évvy pupſp0eſs' Tov 6’ail, épôoorev 'AT6AAov. A \ f 3. 3. A 5 kai vá Ke ājj čuqéego' airoo Yeóðvoiráçovro, 5 ^ f M 3/ 3 & N. A 3 * ei p'i, Kūpwkes, Avôs àyyeXot jöé Kai divöpów, #A0ov, 6 pºv Todov Ó 5’’AXavóv XaAkoxºtóvov, Tax0ü8wós Te Kai 'Iöaſos, Tetuvuévo àpºpo. péoro Q 6' épºqorépov okfittpa oxé0ov, eitré te gotov Kiipwé 'Iöaſos, Tetvvuéva pufföea eið6s:- “punkéti, Taíðe píAø, Toxepićete pumöè uáxeordov' ôpiqotépa, yāp a q67 (pl.xeſ vegeâmyepéra Zeiſs, āpººpo 6 aixuntá Tó ye &m kai iópºev &Tavres. vö8; 6’ #0m TeXéðel &ya6öv kai vukti tribéarðat.” Töv 3’ &Tapelgäuevos Tpooréqm Texapºdivuos Aias' “’Iöaſ’, "Ektopa Taj Neč 6horagóat' 3. pa tavTa Keaeve Te pºvtſmoraq'ual airós yāp Xáppm tºpokaAéo-oraro Távras āpāotovs. àpxéra) airãp éyò p.4\a Teſoropat, iſ Tep avoiros.' Töv č’ atte Tpooréettre puéyas Kopv6aioMos "Ektop' “Atav, Tei Tov 6óke 6eós péyé6ós Te 8imu Te kai Tuvriju, Tepi 6' éyxel 'Axatów (pépratós éoort, wāv prev Tavorópeata påxns kai Ömiotitos a ſpepov. ča repov aire paxma'éue6', eis & ke Öaſuov āppie àvakpāvm, 6&n 6 &tépoto'ſ ye vſkmv. vö& 6 iſom TeXéðel, àyaôov Kai vukri Tuééorðal, e / 5 * * * A ^ V 3. / Ös at t' éâqipſiums Távras Tapa vmwaiv 'Axaloſs, oroús Te MāAuota éras kal étaipovs, of Tov čaortu" aúTâp eyo Karā āorv puéya IIpuápoto &vaktos Tpóas étºpavéo kai Tpočas Akeoutrétèovs, aire plot eixópeva, 6etov Šágovrat āyóva. Šápa 3’ &y' àAAñAotal Tepukåvtå Ö6ouev duºpo, 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 IAIAAOX 7. y * ôqpa ris 68’ elmoruv 'Axatów re Tp(§ov re- ‘īuèv épapváo.6mv čplēos Trépt 6-pogópoto, jö' air Év pu)\órmri Stérplayev ćp6Mijaravre.’” * Os àpa bovija as 66ke Šipos épyvpómAov, orêv koxeº te pépov kai éðruñtº reguóve Atas 6* @ortiipa 6(öov poſviku paeuvöv. Tö, Öe Övakpuffévre à pièv perå Aaëv 'Axatów #t’, 68’ s Tp(601, Šuaôov kte. Tot 3' éxápmorav, Ös eiðov Çodu Te Kai àprepea trpoolidura, Atavros Tpopuyóvra uévos kal Xeipas àáTrows' kat fi’ myov Tpoti ào Tv, &extréovres oróov etvat. Atavt’ at 6' étépo6ev Čijkvåutöes 'Axalot els 'Ayapéuvova Öſov &yov, kexapmdra víkm. Oi ö’ Öre 67 k\toringiv čv 'Arpetóao yévouro, * ^ • , C / l 3/ 3 zºº. 2 p tofort & Boöv iépévorev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapaénvov, ëporeva, Tevraérmpov, Üteppevé Kpovtovt. M f 3. f /n} ºf f Töv 8épov &pſpí 6’ &Tov, Kat utv ÓuéXevav Štravra, A P 2 × .5 2 p * 3 3 * uſo TvåAóv T' &p' étuatapévos, Teſpáv tº 63eXotoruv, &TTmorév te trepiqpañéos, épôoravré te Távra. airãp étrel Taiſo avro Tóvov Terákovré te Šafra, ôaſvvvt’, où6é Ti 6vpos éðeiſeto èattös éions. vérotoruv 6’ Atavra öumvekéeoroll yápaupev #pos 'Arpetóms, eúpvkpetov 'Ayapéuvov. 3 v 3 º p * 2 A. 3. eſ airãp étré, Tóotos kai éðmrčos éé špov čvro, toſs 6 yépov Tápºtſporos ūqaſwelv ſpxeto pºſitiv, Néotop, oi kal Tpéo-0ev ćptorm paſvero Bovāń. ö orqu èüqpovéov àyopſia ato kai peréettev" “’ATpetón Te Kai äAAot àptotifies IIavaxatów, ToMAoi yüp Teóvãort kapmkopidovres 'Axaloſ, * * M 5 .k. 2 . . . Töv vov alua Kekauov čáppoov čuqi Xkápavöpov éokéðao' 3&s "Apns, JrvXal 3' "Aióðaröe karūA6ov' tº ge Xpil 16Asſov pºv #2 ñof Taiga, 2 Axºtów, airoi Ö' àypópºevot kvKAffoopew év6áðe vexpoès Bovort kal jutóvovoruv' &rap karakijopiev airous Tvrööv &Trotſpo veóv, Ös k’ do Téa travoriv čkaotos oikað’ àyn, ār’āv aire veðueffa Tarpiða yatav. Af 2 2 ^ Af 3. P túpgov 5’ &pſpi Tvpily Eva xe ôopiev čğayayóvres &xpirov čk trečſovº Tori 6' airóv Šeſuopaev &ka trópyovs in mºods, etAap vmóv Te kai airóv. 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 B 3 10 IAIAAOX 7. s 5 3 * / A ºn 3 /* év 5' airolor. TúAas Touſſo'opiev et àpapvías, Gºpa ôt” airão, iTamaggin dºs sh. f ěkroorðev Šē Ba6eſav ćpúčopew éyyúðv táppov, # X' (TTovs Kai Aačv épukákov &pſpis éodora, uń. Tor. intºpſºn T&Aegos, Today #yepºxºv.” Qs éqa6” oi Ö' àpa Trávres étrijvmorav Baoru.Ames. A * 3 5 x -...} : * r * *... 2 “ . . 3/ Tp(6ov air’âyopm yever’’IAtov čv TóAet äxpm, ðelví, reſpºxvia, Tapū IIpºuolo 0 pnºw. A. Toſoruv 6’’Avrijvop Tetruvpuévos ūpx’ &yopsiſeuv' “kék\vré pºev, Tpóes kai Aépôavot jö’ étikoupou, ôºp' eſtro Tá He 6vgös évi orrā6egori ke^ečev. . beir’ &yer', 'Apyeinv ‘EAévny kai krijuaë' àp' airfi ôóouev 'Atoetomotiv &velv. viv 6’ 60kua Tuota pelomoru ay lºvgäuevo, paxópeo:6a Tó ot. º TL kiºſkiv 6. º [éATopal ékrexéeorðat, tva pil fiéčopiev Óðe]. "Hroi & y &s eitröv kat' àp' égero' Toſort 3’ &véorm 6ſos 'AAéðavöpos, ‘EXévms tróa is jököpioto, ôs puu äpelgäuevos étrea Trepčevta Tpoormiſèa' 6 & *A * A * 3. , , f'_2 > V A. • 3 2 / tº vTſivop, or pièv oëkét’ pºol q}{\a Taür öyopetſets ap. *A y * º / a * olorða kal &\\ov put 60y àpºetwova Toijöe vomorat. ei ö’ éreov 67 Toorov &trô a trovëſis àyopetſets, éé àpa Öſ to éiretta 6eoi (ppévas &Aeorav airoi. airãp éyò Tp(6eorgi Leó’ iTtroëápots &yopetoro. āvūspi 6? 376 but, yvvaſsa.gºv oùk àngbéro: *A ktúpata Ö’, 60 o’ &yöpmv é8 "Apyeos ſimérepov 66, Távt’ &6éAo 6éueva, Kai èr oiko6ev &AA’ rifleival.” "Hrot & y &s eitröv kar’ &p’ {{ero' Toſat 8° àvéorm Aapóavíðms IIptapos, 6eóqu pºiſotop &táAavros, fº/ 3 se 3. 2 * A * O opy ãºpovºy gyopngarº sa persºey “kék\vré pºev, Tpóes kai Aépôavot jö’ étríkovpot, */ 3. / * 3 M A. A 6pp strº, ra us 6vpads in grideral sease, vöv pºèv Öóptrov čAeo.6e kata TróAuv, Ös Tô trópos Tep, kai dvXakfis uphoragóe. kai éyoñyo00e Ékaoros' ms pº 2 y j66ev 6’’Iðaſos iro koſ\as étri vijas eitréuev 'Arpetons, 'Ayapéuvovi kal MeveMá9, uß6ov’AAečávöpoto, toà eſveka veikos épopev" kai Öe Tóð’ eitréueval Tvkivov štros, at K' é6é\ooruv traúoraoréat ToMéuoto ovo-myeos, eis & ke vekpots Kijopiev. čo Tepov aire Haxmorópe6', eis à Ke Satuov 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 IAIAAOX 7. 11 àugs 6takpium, 56m 8° tripouri ye v(knº", 3 S 9 3 / Qs éqa6' oi Ö’ &pa toû pad Xa pièv KAiſov jö’ étríðovro, [ööpirov širev6' eixovro Karā otparöv čv TeXéeorgiv.] 380 jóðev 3’’Iðaſos é8m koſ\as Tri vijas. V 2 * .. 2 2 - * A f y toūs 6’ eiip ºw âyºpſ Aavao's, depénouras. Apnos, unt Tápa Tovum Ayalºuſovos, ayrap o Tolow orràs év puéoroſovoruv pereq6veev ſitrúta Kripw8. “’ATpetón Te Kai äAAot àptories IIavaxatów, 385 jvdāyet IIpiapós Te Kal &AAot Tpóes àyavol 3. * 3/ / y ſ ^ & S \ - y eitreſu, at Ké Tep ippº pſi\ov Kal jöö yévouro, 500v 'AAečávöpoto, Toi, eiveka veikos épopev. M. / / ey J 'AXé Ö / 3 V & KTmpata piev, oor éčavópos koſ\ms évi vnvolv & f iyāyero Tpoſmvö’—ós Tplv čqeXA' àtroXéorðat—, 390 Távt’ &6éAet Ö6pºeval, kai ét’ oikoffev &AA’ Twóeſval' kovpušímv 6' àAoxov Meve Néov kvěa\ſuoto 3/ / º N a f / où pno-ly 660 euv' iſ paſſiv Tpóés ye kéAovrat. kai Öé Tóð’ five yetv eitreſv čtros, aſ k' é6éAmre tratoraoréal Toxépoto 6vamkéos, eis & ke vekpots 395 Kijopiev. čo repov aire paxmorópe6', eis à Ke Satuov āppie àvakpium, Ö6m 6’ &tépovoſt ye vſkmv.” *Qs é >'' -s $ 2. / 2 \ a / * s éqa6” oi Ö’ &pa Távres àkèv éyévovro quoti. 3. N N ^ p ^ 2 V / ſº Gyeº º pereeite goivºyages.Alouffºns / “pujt’ &p Tis vöv krijuat 'AAéčávöpoto Sexéo 60 400 A A} { / V p A \ f / A 3. - paſſ6 EAévny' yuantôv 6é, Kai Ös pºd)\a vſ.Tvås éo Tuv, Ös #öm Tpéeorow 3Aé6pov treſpat” (pſittal.” *Qs éqa6' oi Ö’ àpa Távres étríaxov vies 'Axatów, uv6ov &yagorčuevot Avopijöeos itſtročápoto' Kai Tót’ àp’’Iöaſov Tpooréqºm Kpetov 'Ayapéuvov- 405 “’Iôaſ’, ſtou paï6ov 'Axatów airós &Kočevs, Ös to jTokpivovtat: époi Ö’ éTuavčável oijra)s. 㺠6è verpoigu Karakatipew où rºueyapo: où yáp tis qetēē vekūav karate0umérov ytyver', Étret ke 04voort, Tvpös pleuxlo'o'épév toka. 410 ôpkwa Öe Zets to Tao, ÉpſyôovTos Tóris "Hpms.” * Qs eitröv Tô oxfittpov &véoxe6e Tägt 6eotorw, ãºppov 8’ Tºgios ºn Tport (IAlou ſpiv. oi ö’ éat’ eiv &yopii Tpóes kai Aapëavíoves, Távres ép.myspées, Tottöéypevot, ÖTTót’ &p' éAffot 415 'Iöaſos 68’ &p’ \6e kai äyyeXtmy &Tréettev 12 IAIAAOX; 7. orrès év puéororotoruv. Tot 3' 67A(Qovro LáA’ &ka, 3. f f f 5 2 P eſ ^ 6” fy āpuqātepov, vékvás T' &yépleu, Érepot be pe6' iſ?\mu. Apyeſot 5’ &répo6ev éüoro Nuov &Tö vnáv &Tpúvovro vékvs T' &yéuev, Érepot & pe6' iſ?\mv. 420. 'HéAtos pièv čTetta véov Tpooré8a)\\ev ćpoºpas, 3 2 Af f 5 * éé àka)\appeſrao Baffuppéov 'Qkeavoto oùpavóv ela'avuòv' of 6’ #vreov &AAñAotoruv. évôa Ötayvóval XaAetrós fiv čvöpa ékaarov" âAA’ iſèart vigoures àto 3pórow aiparóevra, 425 6&spva 6eppä Xéovres, āpačáov étáelpav. oùö’eta k\ateuv IIptapos péyas' oi Öè quotii vekpots trupkaïs étévijveov &xviſuevo Kfip, év Šē Tvpi Trpio-avres é8av Tport "IAtov ipfiv. Ös 6' airos étépa,0ev Čijkvijutóes 'Axaloi 430 vekpot's Twpkaïs étrevive.ov &xviſuevo Kfip, év Šē Tupi Tſpío'avtes éðav koſ\as Étri väas. "Huos 6' oit’ &p To jøs, ért 6' àpiquxökm vöö, * y 2 3 A A. V 5/ M 3. * tfipos àp' épºqi Tupºu kpurðs éypeTo Aaos 'AXatów, Z 2 3 3. 3 V . fy ſ 2 p B Túpſ3ov Ö’ &pg,' airãv čva Toſeov ěčayayêvres 435 ākputov čk Teóſov, Trott ö’ airów Teixos éðelplay z 3 e / *N a w 3 * Túpyovs 6' 5"/mNoðs, etMap vnáv Te Kai airów. év 6’ airobot TúNas Švetroſeov et àpapvtas, 3/ } ... 3 e A f N \ ödpa 6t' airáov it"Im}\aorim Óðöselm. ékrootev če Baffeſav čtſ' airé réppov ćpvčav, 440 eipetav, PeyāAmv, €v Öè orkóAottas karétrm{av. * Qs oi pºev Tovéovro Kapmkopóovres 'Axaloſ' t *N \ & V / 2 * oi öè 6eoi Tàp Zmvi kaðijuevo &otspotmrå ômeūvro Léya épyov 'Axatów XaAkoxtroëvov. Toſol be pºiſ00u ºpxe IIooſevöáov čvoort)(601." 445 “Zed Tátep, 7 fió. Tws éott 6potów Tr' àtreſpova yatav, ôotus ér’ d6avátovoſt v6ou ka? piñruv čváret; oix épéqs, 6tt ö’ aire Kapmkopóovres 'Axalol Teixos éreuxforoſauro veóv Štep, duqi Öe Táqipov #Aao'av, oë 6eoſot 360 av k\ettàs ékarðugas ; 450 an ô’ 3/ / . & ey 5 2 § 2 -Z ~ * Tot; 6’ jTou k\éos éotal, Öorov T’ éTukíðvatat #6s toū 3’ Tuxforovtat, to éyò kai po'80s 'AtróAAov #pº Aaopéðovrt ToMo'orapev d6Xīgavres.” Töv be puéy’ 3x6ija as Tpooréqm veſpeNmyspéra Zeiſs' “à Têtrot, €vvooriya’, eipvoróevés, otov čettres. 455 IAIAAOX 8. 13 &AAos kév Tus toūro 6eów beforeve vömpa, §s oréo ToMAëv dºpaupérepos Xeipás te pévos re' V 9 x' y 37 - ty 5 2 Af 5 / arów 6' frou KAéos égrat, 60-ov tº étruktövarat j6s. âypet påv, Ör’āv aire Kapmkopóovres 'Axalot oixovral gºv unvoi (p(\mu ès Tarpíða yatav, 460 Teixos divappāčas to prevels áAa Tāv karaxedal, aërts 3' jićva preyāAmy Wrap.400tol Kaxtºrat, &s kév to pièya Teixos épaxöövmtal 'Axatów.” * Qs of pièv towaúra Tpès d'AAñAous dyápevov, biſoreto 6’ jéAtos, TeréNeo to Öe épyov 'AXatów, 465 p V N A. V p e/ Bovºpoveov če kata k\torías, kal 66ptrov čAovro. vies Ö’ & Añuvoto tapéo Tao avoivov &yovoſal, / & / 5 Af 3y ToMAal, Tås trpoémkev "Imorovíðms Eövmos, Töv fi’ ºrex’ ‘’ſ ſºutóm it.' 'Ifforov, troup.évi Aačv. Xopis 6' 'Arpetöms, 'Ayapéuvovi kai MeveXá9, 470 6ókev 'Imaovíðms &yéuev pºé0v, Xàta pºérpa, 3/ 9 A. p 3. /* êv6ev Šp’ oiviçowto Kapmkopóovres 'Axaloſ, &\\ot prev XaAkö, äAAot 3' atóovt orioſipºp, &\\ot Öè juvoſs, àAAot 6' airfiot Böeorgiv, &AAot Ö’ &vöpatrööeorort. Tſ6evro Šē Öaſta 6&Aelav. 475 Tavváxtov påv Štreita Kapmkopóovres 'Axaloi 6aívvvro, Tpóes & kara TróAlv jö’ éiríkovpot" / *A A . \ travvi'kuos 6é ordiv Kaká pºjöero puntieta Zeis p p ^ V y ty opepôaxéa krvTéov. Toys 3& X\opóv 6éos ipel, otvov 6' ék betráov Xapóðus Xéov, où6é Tws ét}\m 480 Tpiv Tléeuv, trply Aeſºral ÚTeppevé Kpovíovt. Koupºfforavt’ &p' étrelta ka? §twov čápov čAovro. H. 8. Hôs pièv KpoköTetNos ékúðvaro Tāorav čt’ atav, Zews & 6eów &yopºv trouſſorato reptuképavvos &kporárm kopwqfi troXvöelpáðos OüAúpatroto. 5 v / 9 2 . . / 9 & . A y y wº airós 6é ord)’ &yöpeve, 6eot 6' 5"rö Távres àkovov “kéKAvré pºev, Távres Te 6eot Tāoraí Te 6éauvau, 5 ôpp' eſtro, Tá He 6vpos évi o Túðeoro’t ke^eūet. pañre ris obv 6ixela 6eos Tá ye pºſite ris àpormv Teupára, Ötaképoſal épěv čtos, &AA’ &pa Távres 14 IAIAAOX 8. alveir', 6dpa Tóxiata teNevrijoſo Táðe épya. 8v8' àv éyòu äTávev6e 6eów é6éAovra voſjord éA6óvr’ i. 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Tóororov ćyô trepſ t’ eiul 6eów Trept tº eipſ' àv6pétrov.” N * *Qs épaô” of 3’ &pa Távres àkèv ćyévovro quoti uß0ov &yao orópºevol' pºdka yap Kparepôs āyāpevolev. dye & 6) pietéette 6ea y\avkóTus 'A6;fum' “& Tárep juérépe Kpovíðm, itrate Kpeldvrov, et vu kal jue's iópev, & Tot a 6évos oilk Tielkróv. ãAA’ patms Aavaôv čAoqivpópe6 alxpantáov, of kev 67, Kaköv otrov &vatAſia’avres 6\ovrat. âAA’ #rov troAégou peu & pečáge6', Ös ori kexeſeus' V 3 5 A t 6 y 6° ey 3 / BovXīv č’’Apyeſous iTroömoróge6', frus éviſoret, Ös pil Távres 6\ovrat 66vorgapuávoto Teoto.” Tiju 5’ Tupietàjío as Tpoorépm vegeâmyspéra Zeiſs' “6ápoet, Tpitoyéveta, p(\ov rékos' ot, vå tu 6vpg p y 3 * / f 3y * 35 Tpóqipovº pºv6éopal, é0éA@ 6é Tot ſtrios éïval. *Qs eitrów itſ 6xeorqi Turčaketo XaAkóToö’ (TTa), ÖkvTéra, Xpworémoiv č0eſpnow Kopºdovre, A sº 'Y's A *', * ... / 9 & . . / Xpworów 6 airós éðvve trepi Xpot, yāvro 5’ indo 6\mu Xpworstmv, eúrvktov, Šoć 6’ ‘Teſºſoſeto èiqipov. p.d.orrušev č’ Adav Tó 6' oik &kovre Tetéorèmv peoo myös yaíms te kai oipavod &otepéevros. "Iömv 6' travev troXviríðaka, p.mtépa 6mpóv, i0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 IAIAAOX 8. 15 Tápyapov' évôa 6é oi réuevos Bopós re 0.9ſets. év6' ſtrovs éatmore Tarijp &vöpów Te 6eów Te Aiſo as éé Öxéov, karū 6' fiépa trovXèv éxevey. airós 8 v Kopvdiot Kafféero kööel yaſov, eloropóov Tp(660V Te tróAlv Kai vias 'AXavóv. Oi 6° àpa beſtvov čAovro Kapmkopičavres 'Axaloi & Af \ / 3 \ 5 3. * P flipºpa kata k\torías, &Tö 6' airrot, 60pſio.orov'ro. Tpóes 6’ at 6' étépo6ev čva TróAlv ÓTAſſovro, Tavpórepot' pièuaorav Šč kai Ös japºv, p.4xeorðat, Xpelot àvaykatū, Tpó Te Tatēov Kai Tpö yvyauków. Tào at 6' &iyvvvro TúNat, Šk Č' égovro Aads, Tegoſ 6’ iTThés re. Toxts 6' 6pvpayóðs épépet. Oi 6’ 6te off fi’ és Xópov čva &uviévres irovro, orév fi’é8a)\ov juvoús, gºv 5’ yxea kai pºve’ &vöpóv XaAkeo60pſikov' àràp &ottòes épiqaxóegoat ét}\mvr' àAAñAmori, Toàis 6' 6pvplaybós épépet. 3/ 3 ºf . , 9 3. A. 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"Ev6' oit’’Iöopeweis TAñ pipwelv oit’’Ayapéuvov, 3y A5 A ºf / f - 5/ oùre 60’ Atavres pºevétmv, 6epátovtes "Apnos. y * y / º 3. * Néotop otos épaupºve Teplivuos, otpos “AXavóv, où ti čków, &AA’ intros éreſpero, röv 3á\ev tá, ôtos 'AAéðavöpos, ‘EAévms tróa is jükópouo, ākpmv kāk kopvdiv, 60. Te Tpórat Tp(xes introv Kpavſø utte‘búaoru, HäAuora öe Kalpov čo Tuv. ãAyńgas 5 &véraxto, 8é\os 3' eis éykéda\ov 30, oëv 8' ſtrovs érápače KvXivöðuevos Tépì XaAkó. 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 16 - IAIAAOX 8. ôqip' 6 yepov tirtovo trapmopſas ātrétapwev qaoyávº &iorgov, Tóqp' "Ekropos &Kées (TTot ñA 2 * > * y by fivſ, f 7A00w &v’ toxºidu, 6paotiv fivſoxov (popéovres "Ekropa. Kai vá kev čv6' 6 yepaov &Trô 6vuðv čAeorolev, ei p'i) āp' 3& vömore 3oſſu dyadès Atopºiſons. opepôaXéov 6’ 36morev čTorpāvov 'Oövgäa. “Stoyeves Aasprudëm, troXvpixav’’Oövorored, mi ºpečyews usrå vóra. Saady, rakós, òs ty ôpit㺠; Hiſ ris Tot beiyovrt peraqpévº èv böpu Tiên. 2 ^ A 3 * é 3. A 5/ 3/ 95 dAAä uév', dºppa yépovros & réoropaev &yptov čvápa. Qs éqar', où6’ orákovare troAirAas 6ſos 'Oövoroſeiſs, 2 *\ A• * A 2 \ * 5 * âAAå trapſićev kotAas Tri väas 'Axatów. Tvöeſöms 3' airós rep &v Tpopdxolotv ćuſX6m, * & A 3 ey * - / / otfi be trpáo.6 TTov NmAmúðao yépovros, kaſ puu (bovňa as étrea Trepčevta Tpoormºba' “6 yépov, fipaxa off ore véot reſpovoſt paxmrat, W *\ / V f * 3. f orm 8° 3ſm Aéâvrai, XaAströv 6é ore yńpas ātāſet, itrečavös bé vö to 6spátrov, 8paôées àé rot (trirot. &\\? §y’éuðv čxéov čTuSigeo, öppa iómat, otol Tpºol trirot, €triotăţuevot trebtoto Kpattva pax' évôa kai évôa Ötoképcev jöe pé8eorðat, ty 3 9 5. & N. W. p P oùs tror’ &T’Alveſav čAópumv, puffo ropa púðoto. toūto prev 6epátovre Kopetrov, Tóðe Öe v6: Tpoortv čq’ittroëápots ióðvopiev, Öqipa kal "Ekrop eto'etat, º kai épěv böpu patveral év traXápmotv.” *Qs édat', oiâ’ &Túðmore Tepāvuos itſtröra Néo Top. f 5 m pm / Neo ropéas pèv étrévô’ ‘TTovs 6epátrovre kopetrnv tºp6quot, X6éveXós Te Kai Eöpvpéðoy &yatīvop' & 3’ eis &pſporépo Aiopiſbeos àppara Birmv, Néo Top 8' év xetpea at Aé6’ #vía guya)\devra, pºdotuşev 6’ ‘Titovs’ taxa 6' "Ekropos àyx, yāvovro. toū ū’ iês pepačros &kóvrtore Tvöéos vićs. Kal toà ºðv 5’ &qāpaptev, 68’ fivtoxov 6epátovra, viðv Štrepôtſuov Ombatov’Hviotſia, tºrtov fivſ' éxovta BáAs a rij60s Tapā Haſāv, 3/ #pitre à éé Öxéov, Ütrepômorav 6é oi (TTot º * ôkôtroöes' too 8° at 6. Aiſén lºvki te pévos re. "Ekropa 6 aivöv čxos Tūkage ºpévas #vićxoto. Töv Pºv čtrett' etage, Kai àxvčuevös trep Taipov, 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 IAIAAOX 8. 17 keto-0al, 6 6' fivíoxov pé6ere 6paoriſv. oið’ &p' étu Silv firTo Ševča:0mv a muávropos' atya yap eipev 'Iqbuttömv 'ApxeTróAepov 6pagúv, Šv fia Tó6’ ºrtray 2 P º * A f & © Z 6kvTööðv étré8more, 6(öov 6é oi îvía Xeportv. "Ev6a ke Aotyös ému Kai épìxava èpya yévovro, kat vö ke orijkaarðev Karā "IAtov före àpues, ei p'i) āp' 3& vömore Tarijp &vöpóv Te 6eów re. 8povrīqas 6' àpa Öelvöv & bik’ &pyńra kepavvöv, * ^ p 3 */ / º *N kåå Öe Tpéo 6’ ‘TTov Avopijöeos fixe Xapāſē" êeuvil Öe pXóć & pro 9eeſov kalopévowo, tö, Ö’ ‘TTo be to avre karatrírmy útr' àxeorqu. 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Xävot eipela x06v.” \ 5 2 Af 9 x/ / t A. / Töv 6’ hueiðet’ Tetta Tepſivuos itſ Tóta Négrap” “&pot, Tvöéos viè Saippovos, otov čeviſes. y f tf \ V 2 f / ei Tep yap o' "Ektop ye kaköv kai čváAktöa qijoret, ãAA’ of Tetorovtat Tpóes kai Aapóavíoves Kai Togov &Aoxol peyagüuov čo Tuotáov, Táov év kovingt BáAes 6a)\epoès Tapakottas.” *Qs àpa povío as pāyaā’érpate pºvvyas itſtrovs airis àv’ ioxuév' éirí óē Tpóés Te Kai "Ektop fixi, 6eo Teo in 8éAea atovčevra Xéovro. Tô 3’ &T. pakpóv šūge piéyas Kopv6aſoxos "Ektop' “Tvöétèm, Tépt pév ore tſov Aavaol tax#ToMov º / / 3 S \, \ / 6 & te éöpp Te kpéaatu te ióē TAetols öeTáegouv vöv Öé o’ &tupaſjorovoſt' yuvaukös àp’ &vrº Térvéo. éppe, Kakīl y\ſivm, étrel oikeiôavros éueto 130 135 140 145 160 18 IAIAAOX. 8. Túpyov juerépov čTuftfloréat, où6é yuvaikas āşeus év vſjealot Tápos to 6aiuova 660'a).”. *Qs paro' Tvöetöns be äuävöuxa peppiipušev, ºrtovs Te o Tpérat Kai évaurifltov paxéoaotai. Tpis pièv peppiipuše karū ‘bpéva kai kara Óvpdv, Tpis 6' àp’ &T’’Iöatov ćpéov Krötre puntieta Zeis oriua tuffels Tp(6eorol, pláxms érepaxxéa vſkmv. ty V A -- 9 y \ 3 .A. "Ektop 6: Tpºeoſoru èkékAero pakpóv Čijoras' * f º Tpóes Kal Aſsio, kai, Aápóavot àyxºplaxmtat, 3. N 3. * ôvépes éote, q}{\ot, pavijo aorée Śē 6otſpuéos àAkfis. yuyvºorko Ö’, 6tt plot Tpéqipov Karévevore Kpovíov víkmu Kai Péya Köö0s, &rap Aavaotoſí ye Tüua. vitriot, ol āpa Öm Táðe tetxea pinxavčovro, ãºffxp', oióevãoopa’ ta 6' oi pºevos àpov ćpúðel, *TTov be fiéa Táqpov Štrepôopéovraw öpvktív. 3. 9 ºf *\ . V 3/ * / &\\? §re kev 67 vnvolv čari y\aqvpilot yévopat, uvmpoo ſum Tus étrelta Tvpós Šmíowo yewéo 60, Ös Tupi vâas évvºpijoo, kretva Öe Kat airot's ['Apyetovs Tapa vmwortu, ärv{opºvovs 5trô Katvoúl.” & 2 \ */ 3 / / f Qs eitröv (TTotorw ékékAero peºvmorév te: [šévôe Te Kai oº, Ilóðapye, Kal Atóðv Adjute Te 6ſe,] vöv Hot Tiju Kopańv àTſotſvetov, jiv påAa ToMAïv 'Avºpouáxn, ovyámp usyawāropos Herovos, ipºv Tàp Tporépouori pºeNighpova Tvpóv č0mkev, ſolvöv T’éykepāoraga Tveiv, Öre 0wpos àv6)ov, *A 3 A ty f e V p y * à épot, Ös Tép oi 6a)\epós Tóorus eixopal elval. ãAA’ popapreſtov Kai o Teóðerov, Öqpa Aá80pev ão Tíða Neotopémv, Tſis vov KAéos oëpavöv ket, Tāorav Xpworeſmu èueval, Kavóvas Te Kai airfiv, airãp àt’ &potiv Atopičeos itTočápoto ëalbáAeov 96pmka, Töv "Hipato Tos Káple tetxov. ei točto ke A43oupev, ÉeAtroſpamy Kev 'AXavot's airovvy' vnáv étrugmorépcev Ókeuágov.” & Qs épar’ eixópevos' vepéo more Šē Tórvia "Hpm, A ô’ i t 6 f ÉA #A º Śē * "O oretorato 3’ elvi 6póvº, AéAuče Öe pakpóv "OAvpatov, kai ja IIogetöáova péyav 6eów &vtſov müğa. “& TóTou, Évvooriya’, eipvoróevés, où6é vu got trep ÖAAvuévov Aavaðv 3Aoqipetal év (ppeal 6V96s. & * oi öé to eis EX(kmu Te Kai Aiyās 6óp' àváyovow 1.65 170 175 18O 185 190 195 200 IAIAAOX 8. 19 ToMAé Te Kai Xaptevra. Gº 36 or puri BoöNeo vikmu. f an ei Tep yap k &6éAoupev, Šoot Aavaotoruv ćpoyot, Tpóas ātrøoraoréal kai épvkéuev eipſotra Ziv', 3. ey jº 3 * ... / Af * 3 y º airoi, K. Čv6' àkáxotto Kaffijuevos otos év "Iöm. 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Tà é8av eixoMat, Öre Öh bápév etvai äptorol, / ãs, ÖTór’ &v Añuvø, keveavyées àyopáaorée, 37 / N * 3. y ēorðovres kpéa ToMAä (306v ćpôokpatpāov, Tivovres Kpmrūpas Two reqéas oivoto, Tp(§ov čv6' ékatów Te Öumkoorſov Te ékaotos orrijoſeo 6’ v ToMéuq' vöv 6' oið’ &vös &étot eiuev * ſº y ["Ekropos, Ös Tāxa vias Švitrpigel Tupi 'km2\ép]. * tº / " … . . ºf Zed Tárep, ſi jā tw’ iſom 5teppevéov'8aa wijøv ^ S J 3/ * / / * 3. /* e Túð’ àrm āao as Kai Luv påya Köö0s ātmüpas; 3. A / f ‘A / V où pºèv Öſ Toré (bmpt teow Tepuka)\\éa £30p16v wn't troXvKAftöv Trape.N6éuev čv6áöe éppov, âAA’ ºri Täori 806v Šmpièv Kal pumpſ’ Kma, iépévos Tpoſmy eitetxeov čğa)\atáčai. * p âAAá, Zed, tdöe Trép plot Tuxpſimvov čéAôoo' 205 210 215 220 225 23O 235 240 20 IAIAAOX 8. atroës of Tep acrov Útrekºpvyéew kai äAúčai, plmö' otºro Tp.6egoriv ča 6dpi.vaadat 'Axalogs.”- *Qs paro' Töv Šē Tarijp d'Aoſpáparo èakpuxéovra, * / t A * 3/ 5 S 2 2. * vetoſe 6é oi Aadv orów Śpipeval oiâ’ &ToMeſſoróat. airſka 3’ aleröv fixe, teNeugratov Terenvöv, M 3y 3 5 / f 9 N. 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Æ 39 jë yvyaſy', iſ kév to 6pov Aéxos eioravagaivot. Töv 6° àTapeſ86pevos Tpoore pºvee Tedxpos àpºſuov' “’ATpetón kööuote, Tí pie o Teóðovra kal airów ôtpāvels; oi pāv Tot, 60 m Šávapºſs ye Tápeativ, Traùopal, àAA’ & ot, trport "IAtov Óorápé0' airočs, éx tod óñ tdéotoi Öeðeypévos ūvöpas €vatpa). 6krô 67 Tpoémka tavvyAóxuas dioto'ſs, Távres 6' év Xpot trfiX6ev ćpmī0óov aiſmóv' Todrow 6' oi čávapal BaAéeuv Köva Avorontſipa.” *H ja, Kat àAAov čío Töv &Tô veupfiqhu tax\ev "E 3. A. p / º ty p kropos &vrukpı, BaNéeuv čá š Zero 6vpués. kai Toi pºev Ā’ &q&pap6', 3 Ö' àpºpova Topyv6íova, viðv éüv IIpuápoto, Karā oth90s 8&Aev ió, £., & 9 º' 5 / 3. A / , * Töv fi’ & Aioium0ev čtvtopéim téké pírmp, kaAm Kaarläve-pa, Öépas àkvia 6effortv. pikov 6’ &s étépoore kápm /36Aev, it’ &vi KūTºp Kapiró, Bplôopévm vortmai Te elapwig’u’ Ös étépoq’ juvore kápm trăAmku Bapuváév. 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Aſ 3 * 3 * & iftov Ó pºèv k\aſeoke Tpós oilpavāv, aiºtăp épè Zeijs T$ ma\ečfforovoſav &T’ otpavóðev Tpota\\ev. 3. ^ 3 N. y 3 3 S V A. el Yap eye Tós #3e évi (ppeal Teykaaſuura, eité pºweis’Alòao Tvååprao Tpointepºlev éé 'Epé8evs àćovra köva o Tvyepot; 'Aièao, oãk àv Štrečéqvye Xrvyös iſèaros altrà fiéeffpa. * 3 2 . . S ^ / / 5 3 º' / vöv 6’ pie pºv orvyéel, 6)érváos 6' ééſivvore 3ovAás, # oi yoiſvar Škvorge Kai éAAage Xelpi yeveſov, Auoroopévn Tupiñoral ’AX-AAña TToxſtopffov. égral pav Št’ av aire p(\mu y\avkóTiêa eitri). âAAä or pièv vöv vóiv étrévrve pºvvyas (TTovs, ôqip' àv éyò Karaööga Atos Óðuov aiyuáxoto tečkeorw és TóAepov 0opñéopal, Ödipa foopal, iſ vói ITptápoto Táis, Kopv6aſoMos "Ektop, ym6;forew Tpopaveſota ävä Troñépowo yebūpas, # tis Kai Tp(601. kopée. Kövas jó' olovoi's ömu% kai orápkeorov, Teotov čT unvoriv 'AXatów.” *Qs éqat’, oùö’ &Tíðmore 0éâ AevkóAévos "Hpm. # prºv trouxopévm Xpworáptſukas &vrvey TTovs, "Hpn ſpéorga 6eá, 6vyármp peyd'Aoto Kpdvovo: 3 S 3 A A. 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Távros, otov ćuáv ye pévos kal Xeºpes &atrol, oùk &v pie Tpéretav, Šgot 6eoí eio’ ev’OAüuTø. orq6èv Öe Tpſv Tep Tpépos éAAage patólpa yula, Tpiv TóAspöv t” ióéew ToMéuoud Te péppepa pya. ôe yāp ééépéa), to 6é key Terexeopévov fiev: oùk àu èq' ipetépov dxéov, TAmyévre kepavvó, ây €s "OXvptrov treatov, v' à0avátov čos éotiv.” *Qs éqaô” ai Ö’ étréºvćav 'A0mvaín Te kai "Hpn' TAmorial aſ y’ #00mv, Kaká Šē Tpéegori peóéo 6m v. y 3. /* 2 / º 3 & / º #To A0mvaſm &kéov jv oë6é Tu eitſev, f \ A p f 3/ ey orkvgopºvm Ali Tarpi, XóAos 6é puu äyptos ipel' ty 2 - ? * Af 3. * %X → • Hºp º OUK #xaºs origgs xàov, AAA& Tpoormúða “ aivörare Kpovſöm, Totov Töv på0ov čeviſes; * V ºf r y ey P º 3. ‘... • et vu kai jue's iègev, 6 Tot oróévos oºk &Aatraßváv &AA’ ºutſms Aavaðv 6Aoqivpópe6' aixpantáov, of kev Šil kaköv oltov čvatAffa'avtes 6\ovrat. 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Af Z / / * âpçºf Te Neo-Topſømv Gºpaorvpañóea, Toupiéva Aadov, ijö’ ãpºp’’Ao-kāAaqov kai 'Id}\pevov, vias "Apnos, āpſhi Te Mmpuðvnv’Aqaphé te Amitivpóv te, 76° àpiqī Kpetovros vićv, Avkopffèea Öſov. étrº èoav #yepióves bv)&Kov, Škarów Śē ékáo Tºp Kočpot àpia a reixov, ÖoAX’ yxea Xepov čxovres. kåå Öe péorov táqipov Kai Teixeos iſov ióvres' 5f \ * p A & Af eſ évôa Öè Tào kijavro, túðevro Šē Öóptra ékaoros. 3. / w f 3. p º 2 * Atpetőes 6é yépovtas āpuo Téas ifyev 'AXavów 3. Af *N / A y * és KAtoimv, Tapā 6é ordi tí9et pºevoeukéa Öatra. oi ö’ ét évéſaô' étoipa Tpokeſpeva Xeipas tax\ov. 3 & • *A p W 3 A 3. eſ airãp étré, Tóoros kai éðmtüos éé épov čvro, Toſs 6 yepov Tápºtſpotos ūqatuew ſpxero uſiruv, y º Néo Top, oi kai Tpó06ev ćptorm qaiveto 60w)\ff. *y 3 * * f 3. / * P ô Orquu èöqpovéov &yopſioſato kai pºetéevtſev" y * “’ATpetóm Köövote, ávač Švöpóv’Ayáuegyov, ěv oroi pºev Aſíčo, oréo 3’ &péopat, oùveka troXAów Aaôv éool āvač, Kai Tot Zets yyváAušev . º. p } } & V f ty p f orkfittpév tº jöé 0éuto-Tas, iva ordiot BovXeiſmo 6a. * N p * - tº gexen treet !ºv $4.04 étros jö’ étrakoëoral, * y Kpmfival 6& Kai äAA®, 6t’ &v twa Övuòs āvdāyū eitreſveis &ya0óv' géo &’ ééétat, Ötti key àpxm. sº 65 70 75 8O 85 90 95 100 IAIAAOX 9. 31 airãp éyòu èpéo, ös plot àokeſ etvai àpiota. où yáp Tus vóov &AAov ćpeſvova toûöe voffo et ſº 5 M / 3 * f 2 & 2 × V a- oſov ćyô voéo, jučv TáAat jö’ étu kal vov, £8. 5/ ev ºf 5 / B #3 /* et étu Tov Óre, Otoyevés, Bptormt0a kovpmv Xoduevos 'AxtMāos éðms KAto (m6ev &Towpas où tu ka0° àuérépôv ye v6ov. p.4\a yáp to èyoye TóAA’ &Tepv6eópmv' or 68 oró peya AñTopi 6-pº y f & 3. / 5/ !. eiðas āvāpa qbépio Tov, Šv à0ávatof Trep Two av, 3. • ‘Y X ^ 3/ f 2. \ \ } ºf \ ^ firſpamoras' éAöv yöp Xeus yepas. &AA Tu kal vov qpaćpeg 6', Ös kév plu äpeogápévot TeTiffopew ôópouo (v T' &yavotorw étréorgi Te pºetxuxſotorw.” Töv č’ at Te Tpogéettev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov “& yépov, où tu yet,80s épès àras karéAeëas. º & 56” 3 M 3. Af 3. { * ãaorépmy, oùù’ airós &vaivopat. &vri vu Tox\ów * 3. * º A */ \ * f Aačv éotiv čváp, Övre Zeis Kiipt pu)\fform, &s vöv Toorov čtvore, Šápagore Óe Aačv 'Axatów. &AA’ Tel áagápany ppeoi Aevyakémot Tuffāoras, / &\l &0&\o àpéoat, Öduevaſ T' &Tepeſort’ &Touva. ipºv 0° &v Távrea ori Tepuk}\vtå Öóp’ 6vopijvo, ëTT' &Túpovs Tp(Toğas, 6éka če Xpvoroſo TáAavra, aiêovas & Aé8m tas Šetkoort, 666eka 6’ ‘TTovs Tmyoſis, 36Aoqiápovs, ol āé0Ata Tooroiv špovro. où key àAños eim &vip, 6 Tógora yévoito, oùöé key àktijucov putſuovo Xpwooto, ôoora pot fiveikavro &é0Ata pºvvyes (TTow. 6600 6’ {TTà yvvaſkas āpiśuova èpy’ eiðvías, Aeogíðas, Šs, Šte Aéogov Čijkrupévmv čAew airós, ěčeňápany, at KáAAet évíkov böAa yuvaukóv. Tâs pév oi 6600, petà 6’ oroetal, fiv Tót’ &Trºpov, koúpm Bpwormos' éiri öé pºvav Špkov duodpat pſ, Tote Tås evils étuğäueval fibe pºlyfival, & f 3. / / 3. ** 2 Q \ * # 6épts àv0póTov TéAel, àvöpóv jöö yvyatków. Tajra pièv airika Távta Tapéorgeral el 6é key aire ão Tv piéya TIpuápoto 6eot 6600° àAaTáéat, vija ŠAs Xpwood kal XaAkoč vnmoráq-00 eloreA061, Šte Kev Šated peta Amió’’Axalot, Tpoiáðas Öe yvyatkas €eikogu airós éAéo 660, at ke per’’Apyeimv ENévny káA\to Tai éoorly. y 2 * * ei öé Kev "Apyos iroiſieff’’AXalików, où0ap àpoiſons, 1 10 115 120 125 130 135 140 32 WAIAAOX 9. yapſ3pós Kév plot Éow’ rigo èë puu to ov Opéorm, 6s plot Trºyeros Tpédérat 6a)\in Šut Toxxii. Tpels öé uot eig, 65 yarpes évè Peyāpſe eitſikrø, Xpvoróðepus kai Aaobſºn kal 'Iqbvávadora' 1 45 Táov #v K’ &6é\port, ptºmy &váeóvov &yāorðo Tpôs otrov IImAños' éyò 6’ 4t uéſawa 6600 ToMAó pudº’, 60 o’ of Tó Tus éâ étréðake 6vyatpí. étta Sé oi Ö60ſo evalóueva TToxtetºpa, ICapôapºmu 'EvêTmu Te Kai ‘Ipău Toujeorgav 150 dºmpés te (a6éas jö’’Avôstav Baffiſkelpov ka)\ffv tº Altevav Kai IIñöaorov &piteX6eorolav. 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'Atoms to &getAlxos jó’ 35duao Tos' Toâveka kat Te Sporoſol 0eóv éx6iotos étrávrov. kat pot intoo Tito, ögorov BaoruMeiſrepôs eiut, 160 jö’ ào orov yeven Tpoyevéo repos etxopal etval.” Töv č’ ſpeiger’ Tetta Tepúvios itſ Táta Néorrop' “’ATpetàm Köövote, ávaš &vöpóv 'Ayāpiepvov, 6ópa pièv oëkét évoora ötöo's 'AxtMī āvakra' &AA’ &yere, KAmrows 3rpúvopaev, of ke tåxto Ta 165 ëA600' és k\laimv II)Amiáðeo ’AxtMāos. ei ö’ &ye, toys av ćyöv čtvölropal oi Öè Tufféo-009. dºoſvić pºv Tp(6tuota, Öutºbuxos, jymoréado, airãp éirett’ Aias Te Méyas kai Öſos 'Oövoroſeiſs' knpūkov 6’’Oöíos Te Kai Eðpv6árms à étéo-0ov. 170 q'épre & Xsportv Úbop, eiq muffo at Te KéAegós, ödpa Ali Kpovíðū āpmoſépé6', at K' éAeffort.” * Qs paro, Toſort & Tāortv ćačára Mö0ov čevtſev. airika Kiipukes pièv iſãop ét Xeſpas Xevav, koúpot be kpmrūpas Teotépavro Toroſo, 175 v6pmoſav 6’ &pa Tãow étrapčápºevot betráeorgiv. airãp étrel o Tetoráv r" ēTuáv Ó’, 60'ov #6eXe 6vgös, Öpp.6vt’ &K K\torſms 'Ayapaépwovos 'Arpetbao. total be tróAA’ TéréâAé Tepiſvios iTTóra Néotop, 6evößAov čs ékaoTov, "Obvoorfii. 68 p.4\tota, 180 IAIAAOX 9. 33 * & A 3. / / Telpav, Ös Tetríðotev ćpºſuova IIm}\etova. Tô be 84tmv trapā 6tva troXvºpXoto:8oto 6a)\ágorms, ToMAa pudº eixopévo yamóx9 &vvoruyaip finiöios Tetſu6etv peyāAas ppévas Alaktöao. Mvppuðóvov 8' éti Te KAuotas kai vijas iréorèmu. töv 3’ eipov ºppéva reptăuevov böppayyi Aiyein gºn / 3 & 2 3 / W º e Kºi. baſºl, ëT. & apy pºol, Öyviº tiv Špet’é8 évápov tróAuv 'Hertovos 3Aéororas' tfi 6 ye 6vgöv čreprev, &etēe 3’ &pa KAéa &vöpóv. IIárpokkos bé oi otos évavrios fig to quotii, ôéypevos Alakömv, Öröte Afféetev čeſoov. Tô 6é Bârmv Tpotépo, jiyetro be bºos "Obva.oreiſs, otöv be Tpóo 6’ attoſo. Taqºv 6’ &vópovorev 'AxtMAeës 5 * A p \ ef 3/ y airfi orbv böppaiyyi, Attröv €50s, évôa 0éaoro ev. Ös 6' airos IIátpok\os, étrel toe ºpóras, &véarn. to kai Öeukviſuevos Tpoorépm Tóðas Ökūs ‘AxtAAeiſs' “Xaiperov' iſ bºot àvöpes irávetov i Tu péAa xpeg, of pot okuſop,évº Tep ’Axatóv p(\tarot arov.” “Qs āpa bovňa as trporépo &ye Öſos "AxvAAeſs, eforev 6’ v KAuguoſov tármo'ſ Te Topſpupéotoiv. atya Öé IIárpokkov Tpoore p(6veev ćyyös éðvra. (; ; A. *A * Af e P 6% peſova Öm Kpmtipa, Mevoltſov vié, Ka8to Ta, p p J e / Çopórepov be képate, 6étras 6' évrvvov čkáo Tºp" oi yüp qíArarot &vöpes épiº Stréaoru plexâ0pg.” *Qs paro IIárpokkos be pi\p éiretreſ3e0? &raipºp. airãp 3 ye Kpetov péya kāś8a)\ev čv Tupos aiyā, év 6’ &pa vöTov č0mk’ dios kal Tíovos aiyás, év Šē ovës orid\oto fiáxiv Te0axvtav &Aoupfi. Tô 6’ xev Airopé60V, Tápivey 6’ &pa blos 'AxtMAeës. kal Tâ pºv et paſo rvXXe kai épºq’ 38eXoſauv čTeupev, Tūp 6è Mevoutláðms baſev piéya, toróðeos pºés. 3 * 3. V *\ * 9 p \ V 3. f airãp étrel kara trip Škám kal px68 €uapávöm, 9 *A / 3. V 3. / f ôvôpakiiv a ropéoras 36exot's éqºtrepôe Távvgorev, p y & M 6 Af & é Af Tráorore 6’ &Aös 6eſolo, Kparevrátov Štraeipas. 3 & 3. e5 y A 3 é * 37 airãp étreſ fi’ &Trmore kai elv čAeotorw.éxevey, IIárpokkos pèv airov čAöv čTéveuple rpattén Kaxoſs év Kavéotorw, &rap Kpéa veſuev 'AxtAAeſs. airós 6’ &vrtov tºev "Oövorgios 6etowo roixov toà èrépoto, 6eotov Šē 600 at àv6)et 190 200 205 210 215 C 3 34 IAIAAOX 9. IIárpokkov, 8v ćraſpov' & 6' év Tupi 84AAs 6vmääs. 220 oi ö’ ét éveſaff’ rotua Tpokeſpeva Xeipas tax\ov. airãp étei Tôorios kai éðmrčos éé špov čvro, veða’ Atas Poivuku. vömore Öe Öſos "Obvororečs, TAmorépévos 3’ oivoto Öétras beſòekt’’Axºfia. “xaſp', 'AxtMeä, öaltos pièv éions oëk éttöéveſs 225 3 v 3 M Af 3. y 5 A juév évi k\torim 'Ayapéuvovos 'Arpetóao 3 & & V 3 f * / *\ P * jöé kai év6áðe vövº Tápa yap pºevoeukéa troXA& ðatvvoró’. &AA’ of Öattos étmpárov špya pºéum Nev, 3. ~ A. / * 3. P &AAa Aſmu péya Tāua, Ötorpeqés, eio opóðvres • ösöupev' év čown be gaooſéuev i ötroXéorðat 230 vias Šijo oréºpovs, ei pil oré yé Ötoreat &Akiv. êyyūs yāp vmöv kai Teixeos at Alv č0evro Tpóes itépôupov Tij}\ek\ettoſ T' étríkovpot, kmápºevot Tupa troX\a karū otpatów, oiâ’ 3rd paalu oxfioreo.6°, &AA’ &v vnvoi pºexatumoru Teoréeoróat. 235 Zei's bé orgi Kpovíðms évôéâta oriuara paivav àorpättel. "Ekrop & Héya oróével 6\epeatuov paſveral ékiráyAos, triovvos Att, où6é Tu Tiet ãvépas oióē 6eoûs' kpareph Čá č Aiſorora öéövkev. 3 ºr * / . 2 * ~ * āpāral & Tâxtora qavijueval ijó 5tav' 240 orreàral yöp vmóvátrokówrew &kpa Köpupſ&a airás T' éptpforew pakepot, Tvpós, airãp ’Axalois ômgorew trapā tīoruv ćpuopévows Śtrö katvoú. ºn J 3 * zš *\ Aſ / e 3 W Taütſ” alvös beſòouka karū q\péva, puff oi ätreuxās ékrexéoroaſt 6eoſ, juſv Šē Öm ałoſtpov etm . 245 q6íoſóat évi Tpoin, Ékås "Apyeos itTogórowo. &AA’ &va, el pápovás ye kai d\ré Tep vias 'Axatów Teupopévows épêeorðat itó Tpºov ćpvplayboč. aúró oroi pºetóTwo-0° àxos éao'etat, où6é Tu païxos fiex0évros kakoč Šo T' &kos eipeiv. &AAä Toxi, Tpiv 250 $páćev, Štos Aavaotorw &Aečijoets Kaków iuap. & Tétrov, , pēv orot ye Tatip TetéAAero TIm}\ets juari Tä, öre o’ &K Pëſms 'Ayapéuvovi Téutſev" * Tékvov ćuév, kāpros pºv’A6mvaín Te kai "Hpm .” 660 ovo’, aſ K’ &6é\ool, gº be pleya)\firopa 6vgåv 255 to Xew év a rúðeorov quxopporávn yap &peſvov Amyéueva, 6’ pubos Kakopmxávov, Öqpa ore påAAov 2 3 * A. 3. f 3. Tſoo’’Apyeſov iuév véot jöö yépovres. IAIAAOX 9. Ös étrétex\’ 6 yepov, or be Aff0eat. &AA’ ºri kal vöv raiſe’, a 6° x6Aov 6vpaxyéa. o.o. 3' 'Ayapaéputov ićta 86pa Ötödoſt peta\Aft&avrl XóAoto. ei Öé, or pºév pev čkovoſov, Šyö, Öé Ké to kataAéčo, e/ 3. Af e / * } / oggaro; ev raiglugu wºxero ôóp' Ayguéuvov ëTT' &Túpovs TpíTroöds, Öéka če Xpwooto TáAavra, attowas 6* Aé8m tas Šetkoort, 666eka 3’ TTovs Tmyo'ſs, &0\oq6povs, oi &é0Ata Tooroiv špovt.o. où Kev &Años eſſm &vip, 6 Tóga'a yévotto, où6é key àkTijuav purſuoto Xpwooto, ãoro’’Ayapápºvovos ūTTov &é0Ava Tooroiv špowto. ôóget 6' éttà yvvaſkas āpiśuova èpy' eiðvías, Aeggiòas, &s, Öre Aégéov éükrupévmv čAes airós, éééAe0', at Tóre káAAét évíkov böAa yuvauków. Tâs pºév to 660 et, perå Ö' éoo’etat, fiv Tór’ &Tripa, koúpm Bploſios’ Tri Öe péyav Špkov dueira, puff Tote Tiis evils étuğäueval ijöè pºlyfival, # 6éuis éotiv, &vač, it’ &vöpóv iite yuvaików. Tajra pew airika Távra trapéororetal' ei Öé Kev aire ão Tv péya TIpvápoto 0eoi 6600° àAaTáčat, vija &A's Xpwood kal XaAkoú uniforagóal eigex0ów, Öre kev Šared peta Amíð’’Axalot, Tpoiáðas Öé yuvaikas €eſkoow airós éAéo 6al, aſ ke per’’Apyeſmu ‘EAévmv KáAAtotal éoguv. ei 6é kev "Apyos iroſpe6’’Axatiköv, où0ap &poiſons, yapſ3pós kév oi čovs' tigel 6é ore to ov’Opéo-Tu, ôs oi Tm)\öystos Tpéqeral 6a)\in Évº ToàAñ. Tpe's 6é of eig, 68 yarpes évi preyópºp eitrijkrø, Xpworóðepus kai Aaobíkm kal 'Iqbuávagga' Táov #v k’ &6é\ma 6a, būmu äváeóvov &yeo'0al Tpös otroy IIm}\fios' 66’ at T' Tri peſºta 660 et ToMA& MáA’, 60.0° of Tó Tus ém étréðoke 0-yarpſ. ëtta Öé Tot 360 eu eivatópeva TToMe6pa, Kapòapºmu ’EvóTmu Te Kai ‘Ipău Toufiego'av qºmpás Te (a6éas jö’ ”Av6eway Ba0Weipov kaAffv t” Attrelav Kai IIñóaorov &ptrexéeorolav. 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Kovpfires 6* 6tatpabéew prepačres "Apni. kai yüp Toſort kaköv Xpworóðpovos "Aprepas &poev, Xoorapuévn, 6 oi oi Tu 6a)\üoria yovvé àAoſis Olveys fiéč’ &AAot be 6eot 6aſvvv6' ékarðugas, oin 6' oik Eppeče Atos koúpm ueyáAoto. •A f 5 A 3. 5 p. • 2 t \ f ſº # Aé6et’ m oik Švömorev' &áoraro è uéya 6vuò. # 6é XoAogapéum, Öſov yevos, toxéalpa &porev čTi XAoûumu orāv &yptov ćpytóðovra, 6s Kakö. TöAA’ pèeakev č660V Oivijos &\offu. ToMAä 6' 6 ye Tpo6éAvpua xapai BáAe 6évôpea pakpa airfiorw fiigmat Kai airois àv6eot puff,\ov. V 2 * \ 3 rº, º p Töv 6’ viðs Olvijos &Trékreuvev Mexéaypos, ToMAéov čk Toxtov Ómpſitopas àvöpas àyeſpas kai Kövas' oi pºv yap K. 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Tów Śē Táx’ &pſpi Tôas āuačos kai Öoöttos épépet Túpyov 8ax\opévov. Töv Šē Aſoo’ovro yépovres AiroNóv, Trépatov Šē 6eów iepmas àptoſtovs, 575 éčeA6eſv Kai épěval, ÖTooxépévot péya óópov. ÖTTóði Tuétarov Teóſov KaNvöóvos épavvis, évôa pºw judoyou tépévos Tepuka)\Aës éAéoróat Tevrmkovtóyvov, Tô pºèv jutov oivoTéðowo, jutov Šē lºtAmy úpoortv Teófovo tapéo 6al. 580 ToMAü Öé pav Attávewe yépov iTTm)\áta Olveiſs, oãoà étrepòegates inlimpedéos 6a)\ápoto, oretov KońAmrås oravíðas, yovvoúpevos viðv. ToMAá Šē Töv ye KaortyvnTau Kai Tórvia pºſtmp éAAto'o ov6’ 6 Öé pax)\ov čvaiveto. ToMAö, Ö' éraſpot, 585 of oi kebvótatou Kai pâtarot foray &Távtovº ãAN’ oëö’ Ös toū 6vpºv čvi o Túðegoriv čTetêov, Tpſv y’ Šte 67 0&Aapos Tūka BáAAeto, to 3’ & T. Túpyov 8aïvov Kovpſites kai évétipmbov påya &o Tv. Kai Tóre 6m Mexéaypov Čijſovos Tapákotris 590 Aſa'aret’ 36vpopévm, Kat oi katéNečev &Tavra Kíðe’, 60° àvěpáTouri TéAet, Tóv čo Tv ŠAón. &vöpas pèv Kreſvovou, TóAlv 6é Te Töp &pabºvel, Tékva Öé T’ &\\ot àyovoru Baffuſévovs Te yuvaikas. toū ū’ &pſveto 6vpads ākočovros Kaká čpya, 595 8; 6’ iéval, Xpoi Ö’ &vre' éðūoreto Tapºbavóovra. Ös à pièv AiroNotoru äTijuvvey Kaköv juap eiðas $ 6vº Tá, 6' oikéta Šáp’ étéAeo gav ToMAá Te Kai Xapſevta, Kaköv 6’ invve Kai atros. &AAa or puff plot taúra vóel (ppeat, p.möé ore Öatuov 600 évraúða Tpérete, bíAos' Kákov 6é key elm vmvaiv Katopičvmoru ägvvéuev' &AA' T 56pov épxeo torov yáp ore 666 rioſovoruv 'Axaloí. ei öé k’ &tep 66pov TóAepov (b0loſivopa Śēns, - oùké6 Öpiós tupils ēoreal, TóAspöv Tep &Aaxków.” 605 Töv Š’ &Trapeubduevos Tpooréqm Tóðas Ökös 'AXiXAeiſs' “q'oïvić, Štta yepaté, Ötorpedés, où tº pie Tairms Xped Tuñs' bpovéo & Teriphorbal Atós atom, # p? §§et Tapa vmwori kopovſoru, eis 6 k’ &üTuń 44 IAIAAOX 9. év a rijóegal pávn Kai plot qíAa yotſwar' dpępm. 610 &AAo 6é rot &péa, or 6' évi ppeal BáAAeo offortv. puff pot giftyxel 6vpov čvi o Tij6eorgiv &xetſov, º ef * tº p f ſº 3 & / ^ 'ATpetön iſpot ºpépov Xápur où6é ré as Xpm * P ep p 2 f p Töv (buxéeuv, iva puff plot àtréX6mal puxáovri. ka)\6v Tot ov ćuoi Tôv kíðew, §s k' pſe kiöm. 615 to ov ćuoi Baotaeve, kai jutov pleípeo tuñs. oitou Ö' àyyeXéovot, at 8' airóði Aééeo pituvov 3 rº y * ey 5 3 o A eivä v. pakaki,’ &pa 6' fiot pauvogévmptu qipaolo dueó', # ke veðue6' ép’ huérep', iſ ke Mévopaev.’ *H, Kai IIaſpök\@ 6 y' ét éqpúat veðare quoti, 620 q}oivuku o Topéa at Tvkivöv Aéxos, dºpa Táxtota 3. A. p A. * 3 × 5 A ºf ék k\to ims vôorrow0 peóotato. Toto's 6° àp’ Aias ăvríðeos TeXapoviáðms perä uß0ov čevtſev" “Stoyevés Aaeptióðm, Toàvpixav’’Oövgored, 3/ 3. f / *A topiev oi, yāp plot àokéet pºiſ00uo TeXevri) 625 Tââé y’ 6öð kpavéeotal étrayyet\al öö täxtata Xph ºbov Aavaotou, Kai oëk &ya6öv Tep Šávra, gº ºf y 3 * y & of Tov vov čarat Tottöéypevou. . airãp ’AxtMAews âyptov čv orijóegal 6&ro Heya)\fftopa 6vpuév, oxératos, oëbè usratpéteral bºdtmros éraípov 630 tfis, iſ utv Tapa vmwortv ćríopiev čoxov &\\ov, wn)\ffs. kal pºev tís Te Kaoruyvítovo ºbovňos ^ - M a \ } & / * tº Towhy ñ of Tatóðs éðéćato Ts6mótos * G 3 S ... 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Oi 6’ 6té à k\to (now év 'Arpetóao yévovro, Tovs pièv àpa Xpworéotoi KviréâAous vies 'Axatów êetóéxar’ &AA06ev &AAos àvao rabów, Ér T’ péovro" Tpótos 6' ééepéeuvev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov- “eit’ &ye pº, & Toxtſalv’’Oövored, puéya kööos 'Axatów, # 5’ &0&Aet viego w &Aečéueval offiou Túp, i) ātréeltre, XóAos 6’ 3r’éxel preya)\fftopa 6vpdv;” Töv 6’ aire Tpooréettre troXúTAas 600s °Oövoroſeiſs' “’Arpetón köövote, ávač &vöpóv’Ayāpiepvov, kéïvós y’ oik 6éAet ogéoro at X6Aov, &AA’ ºri pāAAov TuTAáveral Héveos, orè 3’ &vatveral fibe ora öðpa. airów orè (pp4(e.g.0at év 'Apyetovolv čvoyev, &Tiras kev vićs Te o 69s kai Aaëv 'Axatóv' airós 6' treſ\ma'ev Špi' iſoſ (bawopévnqu wfias Šijo oréApovs àAaô’ éAkéuev ćpubleXſororas. kai 6' 5u rois àAAouatv čqm Tapapºvějoraoréal oikað’ àToTAetely, Tei oikért offere Tékuop 'IAtov attreuvâs' pºd Ma yáp £6ev eipiſotra Zeis xeſpa šºv Štrepéoxe, retapoikao. 88 Aaoſ. 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 46 IAIAAOX 10. &s épat” eioſi kal otöe Táð’ eitépév, of pot &touro, Atas kai kiipwke Ölſo, TeTvvuévo Špºpo. q'oïvić 6’ at 6' 6 yépov KareAéćato' às yūp àvéyev, 690 3y & 3 f A. 3. 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A f • *...* j , y A 3/ 35 aiptov, fiv č6éAmoru' àváykm Ö' of tſ puty &éel. & 3/ 3. , , ; $2 2. f 3 & 3 / ... —S Qs éqaô” oi Ö’ àpa Távres àkèv éyévovro quoti ſuč0ov &yaororópevol’ pºa yap Kparépôs āyópevorev]. ëv 6° àved foray Tetumóres vies 'AXavóv" 695 dye & 6) peréette Bomu áyaôös Atopſºns' “’ATpetëm Kööuate, ávač &vöpóv 'Ayāpiepvov, pumö’ Öq.eXes Aſoo’eorðat àpºpova IIm}\eta)wa, pupta čápa buboiſs 68’ &yńvop €oti kai äAAos' a º V * 9 A. 3 rº - wov at utv To)\\ u'a)\\ov dynvoptmorly €vfikas. 700 jº...". qaw not kelyov lieu earope, n key ſugu, , # ke plévn' Téré Ö’ atre paxia era, ÖTTóre kév plv V 3 & A 3. / \ W ..y dºs in gríðeggiº avown ka dºs opoll. &AA’ &ye6', Ös āv éyòu eitro, Teufléple6a Távres. vöv pºv koupiñoraorée Terapiſópevou qíAov ſtop 705 orírov kai oivoto" to yap pièvos éoti kal &Akſ' airãp étreſ ke pavi, KaNī ĀobočákrvXos 'H&s, Kapta\tuos Tpé veów éxéuev Aadu Te Kai (TTovs 2 A & 8’ *-Ao 2...} ~~~< & 6 55 orpvya)w, kat O avTos evt Trpotovot playeotal. *Qs éqaô” oi Ö' àpa Távres étávnoſav Baoruññes, 710 pā00v ćyaororópºevot Atopičeos itſtročápoto. *A A \ Af 3/ 2 eſ kal Tóre Ö) or reſoravtes é9av k\to invöe ékaotos, évôa 5& koupiñoſavto kai ÜTvov čápov čAovt.o. 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Aſ t & M * / / / #öe 6é oi karū 6vpºv ćpío Tm ºpaſveto 3ovXī, Néo Top Tu Tpótov NmAñov čA6épev čvépôv, et Tuvé, oi obv piñruv čplēpova tektívatto, #ris &Aeëikakos Tàow Aavaoto's yévoiro. 3. W 9 x \ / * épôa,0els ö’ évôvve trepi ortúðeorgi Xutóva, Tooroº 6’ into Attapoſolv čáñorato KaNä Téðuxa, âpçº 3’ Tetta Öaqowow ééorgaro èppa Aéovros at60Vos, preyāAoto, troënvekés, etAero 5’ yxos. *Qs 6' airos MévéAaov čxe Tpduos ojöè yöp airó iTwos étri 8Aeq6povolv čq (ſave, puff ti Tá0otev 'Apyeſot, Toi Ö) éðev eiveka TovXùv éq’ jyphy #A 6 3. T / 5A 6 V e A. mAvtſov es 1 poumv, Toàepov Upaorvy oppºalvovtes. Tapóa\ém Hev Tpóra petáqipevov eipi, káAvyev 2 *. 3 v zº 2 . A Touk(Am, airãp éiri o Teqûvmv keba)\fightv čeſpas 0ákato YaNkeimv, Ödov 6’ eſſeto Yeuoi Taxeim. º y º X 3. m ; p & 3. € X f #x !) Bå Ö’ tuév čvo Tijordov čv čexpedu, 6s peya Távrov 'Apyetov jvagore, 6eós 6° às tiero àſiuq). Töv č’ eip” &pſp” &pouri Tuffāuevov čvrea kaxå vmi Tápa Tpſuum Téº &’ ào Táortos yévet” &A66v. Töv Tpórepos Tpooréetire 807), āyaôös MevéAaos' “Túp6' oitas, #6eſe, kopú0 o'eau ; ; Tuv' étatpov 9 / f 3. A 3. *\ A N 3 3 ar. drpvvées Tp(§egotiv čTío kotov ; āAAă pâA’ aivös 8stºo, ph où ris TOl, index ra. Igoe, épyotº ăvöpas àvoplewóas okotriaſ pew otos étreafföv vökra öt’ &pgpoo (my. Méxa Tis 6pagvkápotos éotal.” * 5 2 P / /* 2 / Töv 6° àtrapeuſ%pºevos Tpoorépm kpeſov Ayapápºvov" “xped, Bovāńs épè kai oré, Ötorpedes & MevéAae, kepúaxéms, frus kev ćpúorgeral jôè oraćoret *A A. V * 2_ _\ A *\ 3. / A. pyetovs Kai vijas, étrel Atós étpáTeto qipúv. ‘Ektopéots àpa pāNAov étri ppéva 6ix’ ispoſoruv' où yáp to löðumu, oió’ éKAvov ačijoavros, eſ y &vöp' éva Togo-66e péppep’ &m' juart puntſoad 6al, 1 J 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 IAIAAOX 10. 3ro’"Ekrop Éppeče Suſquxos vſas 'Axatów, airos, oùre 6eas viðs ſp(\os oire 6eoſo. - 5 2 ºf *A J 3 a [épya 6' peć’, 60 a pmuł peXmoréuev’Apyelotow ëmóá Te Kai boxv)(óv' réora yāp kakā priorat’’Axaloſs.] ãAA’ tº vov, Atavra kal 'Iöopaevi,a káAeororov flipºpa 6éov trapā vſias' éyò 3’ tri Néo ropa 6ſov eiut, Kai Örpvvéo &votijueval, at k’ &6éAmaty éA6eſv és puxákov ispöv réAos jó’ étureſ\at. keive yāp ke uáAuota Tiéotaro Toſo yap viðs o muaivet quxákeorgi, kai 'Idopieviños 3Táov Mmptóvms' Toſoruv yāp Terpátropév ye puéAtara.” Töv 3’ flueiger’ melta 8oju áyaôös MevéAaos' “Trós yáp plot pºiſ04, TvréNAeat jöe kexeiſels; at 0 pºva pietà Toſol, Öeóeypuévos eis à Kev čAôms, 3 V / ^ 9 ſº 3 V º ev 3 92 jë 6éo pietà o' airis, étrijv et roºs étureſ\@ ; Töv 6' aire Tpooréettev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvøy. “ at 61 pºvetv, puff Taos à8poráéopºev &AAñAotiv épxopévo' ToMAai yüp &vā otpatów slot kéAévôot. 40éyyeo 8. i rew ingoa, Kal typiyopºa, ăvox6i, Tarpá6ev čk yeweſs Övopé@v àvöpa ékaoTov, Trávras Kvěaívov' p.möè ueyaxt{eo Öupé, âAAä kai airot Trep trove&Peća. 66é tov Šppuu Zeiss étri yuyvouévovorw tet kakórmta Bapetav.” &M 3 & 3 A 3. Af * 2 / Qs eitröv &Tétreputev &öeXqeów, et étruTeixas, airãp Ó Bī Ā’ iéval pietà Néo ropa Toupéva Aaſºv Töv 6’ eipev trapá Te KAugin kai vnt pºexaſvil eivä &vt paxaki,' tapå Ö’évrea troukū’ ékelto, &a Tris Kai 680 80%pe paeuvi Te TpuſbäAeta. Tàp Öe @o tip keſto travatoxos, $ 5’ 6 yepatós A 5 ºf L3 2 f / / Góvvv6', Št’ és TóAepov pówo fivopa 6opſororotto Aaov &yov, Tei oi pºev čTérpetre yńpai Avypé. ôp600els ö’ àp” &T' àykóvos, keſpaxïv étraeſpas, 'Arpetomy Tpooréette kai ééepeeſvero più09. “tis 6' oiros karū viſas āvā orpatów Śpxeat oios vökra öt' épºpuaínv, Šte 6’ effèovoru 8potol &AAot; 3 P 2 -2. --Z Aſ 3y J & [jé Tuv' oipſov Šuffuevos iſ ruv' éraſpov;] q6éyyeo, plmö' àkéov étrº èu' épxeo: tûtte èé ore Xpeº;' Töv 3’ fueiger’ Tetra àvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov- “ & Néo Top NmAmúðm, p.éya Köö0s 'Axatów, 2 50 60 65 70 75 80 85 IAIAAOX 10. 49 y 2 / y p * f yv6oreat 'Arpetómy 'Ayapéuvova, röv trepi Távrov Zeus évémke tróvotov Švapºtrepés, eis & k' &viruń év a rúðeoroll piéum kaſ plot ºptAa yotivat’ dpępm Tm •s; 2" x - y 2_2 */ ºpopſ. . TX.éſopa, 66', Étret of plot €T' éppage vſjövgos ūTvos iſãvel, àAAã péAet TóAepos Kal Kiče’’Axatów. alvös yüp Aavaðv Tepièeſöta, où6é plot ſtop ëpſtrečov, &AA’ &Aaxökrmual, Kpačím Öé pov ščo y 9 / y } e M Af * otmöéov čköpóorket, Tpopéet Ö’ jTô paíðupua yuſa. &AA’ ei tu Spaivets, étrel oióē oré y' iſ twos irável, ëe0p' és rows {{Aakas Karaßeſogeu, &ppa töopaev, & 2 ^ 6. pº) Toi pºev Kapuārq àönkötés föé kai itſvg kouſ govtat, àràp ºvXakfis étri Táyxv Aá0ovrat. ëvopleyées à’ &vöpes oxeóðv eſſaraw' oiâé Tu iópev, puff Tos Kai Övö vökta pºevolvigoori pāxegóal.” Töv 3’ flueiðet’ & Tetra Tepúvuos iTTóra Négrap- {& Aſpeſºn Kºurts, âvaš Avºpov 'Ayáušºvov, où 6mv "Ektop travra voijuata puntieta Zeys ékreMéel, ào a Toč vvv čáAtrera' &AAá palu oio Kijóeat pox6igelu Kai TAetootv, et Kev 'AxtMAeës 3. A 2 f / A º ék XóAov ćpyaxéovo MeTao Tpé!ºn biàov top. got be puéA’ é!op' éyò' Troti Ö’ at Kai éyéipopey &A\ovs, juev Tvöeſönv čovpukAvröv iſo’’Oövoria jö’ Atavra taxov Kai PvNéos &Akupov vićv. 2. \ \ } 3/ \ A A. f âAA’ ei Tus kai Toiſoróe pueroux6pºevos KaNéorevey, 5 Af f 5 * V 5 * 5/ âyríðeów T’ Atavra kal 'Iöopaevna åvakta' * ^ * 3/ & / jöö & 3 2 A. Töv yāp vijes éaoruv čkaoT&Tø, où6è pºx. €yyús. &AAä (p(\ov trep Šávra kal aiãoſov MevéAaou / vetkéoro, et Tép plot vegeorijo eat, oùö’ étukeiſoro, º e/ * J y 5 / Ös súðel, oroi 6' oig Tétpellev trovéeo-0al. vöv čheXev kata Trávras āpuotſas Trovéeoffat Atoorópevos" Xpelo yāp ikáveral oikét’ &vekrós.” Töv 6’ aire Tpooréevtſev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov- “& yépov, &AAore plév are kai airwāaorbat àvoya’ *. * \ 3. 3 a ſº A Trox\óki yüp peóvei Te Kai oilk #6éAet Tovésorbat, 3y_2 * y_3 2 Af A oër’ &Kv4, elkov oit' àºpačímoſt v6ovo, &AA’ p.6 tº eloopdaov Kai épºv trottöéypevos éppijv. gº f f y wäv 6’ puéo Tpórepos péA' étréypero kaſ plot Téo Tm. Töv prev ćyô Tpoémka kaśńuevat, ot's ori peta\Aás. &AA’ topºev' kelvovs 6 kixmoºdué0a Tpõ TvXàov - D 90 95 100 105 1 10 115 50 1AIAAOX 10. ëv pu)\ákeoro” iva yáp aqu èTréppašov fivepéðeoróat.” Töv 6’ ſuetger’ Tetta Tepiſvios iTTóra Néo top “oiros of ris oi vegeo foretal oiâ’ &Túñorel PA ſ tºº é j 3 A. V 3 y 52 pyelov, ore Kev Tuv etroTpvvm Kat avoym. *Qs eitröv čvévve trepi o Tij9egort Xtróva, Tooroº 6' 5"rô Attapoſoruv čáñoraro KaNā Téðuxa, ôpºp 8' àpa x\aſyav Trepovija aro powukóeorgav, ôttàfiv, Kračinv, oùAn 6’ Tevjvode Aáxvi). ey 9 y 3/ 3. / 3 * /.. an e?Aero 6’ &Akupov čyxos, &kaxpévov 686; XaAkó, Bă 6’ iéval kara våas 'Axatów XaXKoxartóvov. Tpórov čtrett’’Oövoria, All pºſitiv 3rd Aavrov, º e/ 9 / / t M J4 éé üTvov čvéyelps Tepiſvuos intróta Néo-Tap q6eyéâpévos. Töv 8' atya Tept ppévas #Av6' loſi, ëk 3’ \9e KAuoins, kat ordeas Tpès pºtov čeltrey' • * ~/.4.4° 24, S. L. ºn 3 *, \ , a 3 \ ^ Túp6' oira, kara våas āvā otpatów oiot &A60.6e vökra öv' &pgpoo inv; Śrt Ö Xpeté, Tóorov (ket; ” Töv 6' jueſ|3er’ melta Tepúvios itſ Tóta Néo Top" “Śtoyevès Aasprudên, Toxviſixav’’Oövorored, pil vepéora Totov yap &xos Beginkev 'Axaloës. âAA’ tre’, Öqpa kal &\\ov ćyeipopev, Šut’ tréolkev ^ Æ •A f 3 v & 6 32 BovXàs SovXeiſelv, f ſpevyépév jë playeo'0at. *Qs paé” 6 be k\to invöe kiöv troXàuntus 'Obvodevs Touk(Aov &pg’ &pouot orákos 6éro, 87 & per' airoiſs. Băv Š' ét. Tvöeſöny Atopičea. Töv 6' ékixavov 3. & º V f V A 2 \ y e * ékrös &Trô k\toríms orby Teixeorw° àpiq i ö’ étaſpot eijóov, &Tö kpagºv 5’ exov čo Tíðas' éyxea 6é orghuv y - Aº 2 \ * 3 N / o *\ V ôp6' étri oravpatºpas &AffWato, TūAé Öe XaAKös y 3 ey ^ V A 5 *, ty 3 ºf Aópºp” &o Te o Tepotri, Tarpès Auðs. aštåp 6 y' ſipos º S3 & M S J Y t \ V 3 z eijö’, Štrö 6’ &otpato juvøy Boös āypatºowo, airãp Štó kpáreo ſhu tätſms Terávvoſto qaelvás. Töv trapotas āvéyéupe Tepāvuos iTTóra Néotop, \aš Troö. Kuvijoſas, Örpvyé Té, vetkeoré T' &vrmv' “ #ypeo, Tvöéos vié. Tí Távvvyov Š.Tvov čayreſs ; 3. 3. A & 3 \ * / oùk áiews, Ös Tpóes étri 6poopº Teóiouo eiata 2/ *A 3Aſ 8’ 3/ * 3 / . 23 #3 ºx.”éº, ºyos o erºxopos “puse; , - rº. 3 Qs pag” & 3’ & ‘Tvoto pudº a kpattvös &vópovo'ev, kat pºw ºbovňa as étrea Trepčevta Tpoo`miſèa' “oxérauðs éorot, yepaté or prev Tóvov of Tore Affyels. où vu Kai &\\ot éag, veðTepot vies 'Axatów, 130 } 40 160 IAIAAOX 10. tl of kev čaretta ékaotov čyeipelav Baot)\jov f - Talſū iſogéuevo ; ſº 3? ăuţxavés éo-ort, yºpalé.” Töv 6’ aire Tpooréettre Tepúvuos iſſtröra Négrap' “val bij taúrá ye Távra, Tékos, Karā potpav čeviſes. 3 W / * 3. A 3 v ^ \ - jºy eioſiv plév plot Tatóes apºploves, eioſi Öè Aaol 170 kai troXées, Tóv Kév Tus étrouxópevos kaxéo elev" àAAa pudºa pleyāAm Xpetà Beginkev 'Axaloiſs' vöv yöp 87, Távreorgiv čtr Śvpod to Tarat ākpās à uáAa Avypos &Aeópos 'Axalo's je 316val. &AA’ ióu vēv, Atavra taxïv Kal PvNéos viðv 17 ăvarmorov — or ydp &rot veðrepos —, ei p' éAéaipets.” - 3. *Qs paſ à è' àpiq' épouou èégorato 6éppa Aéovros y p p e/ 3 y aibaovos, pleyāAoto, Toànvekés, eixe to 6 yxos. 8; 6’ iéval, Toys 8' v0ev čvao Tſioras &yev ſpas. Oi 6’ 3re 87 pu)\ákegow év &ypopévovorty éux0ev, 180 où6é pºveščovras ºbvXákov ii)iſtopas eipov, âAA’ ‘ypmyopri giv Teixeguy eſato Távres. Ös 6* Köves trepi puſixa 8voropſgoorly €v aixi. 0mpös àkočgavres Kparepôqipovos, Šote ka0° àmy 3/ 3 y g A 5 3. N - , , ) .. 5 * ëpxmtat 6t' épéo pu' Toxts 6' 3pvplayè0s étrº airó 185 3. * 3 & \ ae 3. p f ey 3/ ãvöpóv jöé kvvóv' &Tó té org.uquy itſvos ÓA@Nev" Ös Töv vſjövgos ūtvos &Tô BAépápotiv 3Aó\et vſkra quxagorouévotal Kakīv: Teóſovöe yap alet f • * a 5 3 \ / 3 J. 3 / Terpáqat)", áTTót’éti Tpéov číowev ióvrov. Toys 6' 6 yepaou yī0morev ibóv, 0ápovvé Té prá09 190 [kat ordeas povija as étrea Trepčevta Tpoormiſèaj' “otro věv, q}{\a Tékva, pv)&gorete' pumöé Tuv' iſ tryos aipeiro, pī Xáppa yew&peda övouévéeorgiv.” *Qs eitröv táqipowo otégovro to 6’ 3p' étrovto 'Apyetov Baoruxſies, 60'ot Kekājaro Bovāńv. 195 * 3 tº A V P 9 A • * Toſs 6° àpia Mmpuāvms kai Néo Topos &yAaôs viðs iñorav airoi yāp káAeov ovppmtváao'0at. Táqipov č’ éköuagávres épvKrâv čöpudovro 3. * ey *\ / zº év kaðapó, 60, 67 veküov Štefaivero Xópos p • ?: ^ 2 f 3 y ty - TvTrávrovº 66ev attus àtretpáTet’ & 3pupos "Ektap 200 ÖAAös 'Apyetovs, Öre 87. Tepi vö8 €káAvlev. - 3 * * évôa kaffeſ duevow étré àAAñAotov típavorkov. * Af * Af t f / Toſort be pºiſ00u ſpxe Teptivuos itſtröra Néo Top" “ & dſ 3. & Af 3 & / 2 : * ~2.- … ſº & ſpºot, oùk àv Šmí tis &viip Tetíðotó’ é6 airod * + D 2 5 t2. IAIAAOX 10. 6vuç roMuñevrt petà Tpóas pleyagüuovs º * y y .. ey 5 Af éA6eiv; el Tuvá Tov Šmíov čAot éoxarów vra, iſ rivá trov kai pāpu èvi Tp(6eoroi trč0otto, #orgia Te pumtvö00 perä or biolv, pepäagw at 6 pºvetv Tapā vmwariv Štrömpo6ev, jë tróAuvèe ây &vaxopfforovouv, Tei Šapadoravrá y 'Axaloßs. Taürá ke Távra Túðotto, kal &\l eis juéas #A0ot ãorkméſis. p4ya kév oi ÖTowpävlov KAéos ein Távras T. &v0p6trovs, kaſ oi Öógus éorgetat éo.6Aff. ôororot yap viegotv étrukparéovorty &ptoſtol, Töv távrov oi ékaotos éïv 660 ovoru péAatvav, 6ñAvv, Ütróppmvov. Tii pºev Krépas oièèv Óplotov, aiei Ö’év Čairmat kai eixativport trapéotal.” * Qs éqaô” oi 6' &pa Távres àkīv ćyévovro quoti. Totov Šē kai pºetéettre Boîv àya6ös Awopiºns' º Nérop, ép' 3rpſus, Kpačín ka, duºs āyīvop ãvöpóv čvoplewóow 601'at otpatów yyūs éðvrov, Tpdov. &AA’ et Tís wou äväp àp' étouto kai äAAos, uáAAov 6a)\Tapi kai 6aporaMeðrepov čo Tat. oiſv te 68’ pxopévo, Kai Te Tpó 6 toà évômorev, ôTTøs képôos én' poſſwos 6’ et Trép Te votion, ãAAá ré oi 8pāororov re v6os, Aettº èé Te piñris.” *Qs éqaff” oi ö’ éðexov Atopijöéi troAAoi étréol{}at. j6eXérmy Atavré Öiſo, 6epátrovſes "Apnos, #6eXe Mmpuðvms, póAa 6' #6eXe Néo Topos vićs, #9eXe 6' 'Arpetöms àovpuk\etrös MevéAaos, #9eXe 6' 6 TAñuov 'Oövoreys Karaöövat Šut)\ov Tpºov" alet yáp oi évi ºppeoi 6vgos érôApia. Toſol be kai peréettev čvač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov, “Tvöeſöm Audumäes, épé kexaptopičve 6vgº, V * N ef y 3. * / ey 3 : A / Töv prev 6) &rapöv y’aipñoreal, Öv k’ &6éAmoróa, ºbatuopévov Tów Śplotov, Tei pepiáao'ſ ye ToMAoi. uměč oré y’alóópevos oriot ppeari Töv pèv àpeſo KaNAeſtrew, or öe xelpov’ 3Táo geal aibot eikov, és yeweijv Špéov, pumö' el 3aoruMeðrepós éorriv.” *Qs éqar', 66evo'ev be trepi Šav66 Meve Máq. ro's 3' at Tus peréeatre 8omy &ya0ös Atopuſſoms” “ei prev 0) &rapöv ye kexeſeré p’ airóv čAéo-flat, Tós àv étrelt’’Oövoijos éyò 6eſoto Aaffolumv, 2 10 2] 5 220 225 230 235 240 IAIAAOX 10. º p “A y A A V 3 / où Tépt pºèv Tpdqipov Kpačín kal 6-pads āyúvoºp év Távtegori Tóvouri, pu)\et Öé š IIa)\\as 'A0ivm. rotºrov y” £o Topévoto Kai ék Tupos aidopévoto āppa, voo Tijoratpaev, Štrei Treptotôe vojoat.” Töv 3' aire Tpooréette ToxifTAas 670s 'Oövororews’ § 6; / A 5 ºf / \ 3 3y p {.. o Tvöeſöm, pºſit’ &p pie pºd) aivee pºſite Tu vetket eið60 l yáp to taúra pet’’Apyetovs &yopetſets. ãAA’ louevº uáAa yap vić averal, éyyú0, 6’ 6s, ão Tpa Śē Öi Tpogé8mke, Tap'éxmkev Šē TAéov vić * f ry Töv čáo poupéov, Tpitárm 6’ 3rt uoſpa AéAettſtat.” * Qs eitróvá’ &txotorw évi Öelvoſoruv čármy. Tvöeſöm prev 66ke pewettóAepos Gºpaavufföms y & 3/ Ö Ö’ & ^ M. N. F. qlāoyavov &pſpnkes—tó 6’ &v Tapā vmī ĀéAeltſto— kai orákos' épºqi Öé oi kvvému Kepaxfighw 6mkev taupetmu, äbaxóv Te Kai äAAoqov, fire Kataſtvé / & / N / ** 3. * kékAmtat, fitetau & Kápm 6a)\epôv aiſmóv. Mmptôvms 3' 'Obvoſi ètóov 8tov jöè qapérpmv P * kai épos, &pſpi Öé oi kvvémy Kepaxfiq,w &0mkev owoo Tovmtſvº ToMéow 5’ evtoo 6ev ip6.arty 3 y ^ , ». N V 2 S. P ëvrétaro a repedºs' ékToo 0e Öè Aévko. 366vres 3 p S.X., 6 / 3/ 3/ V 3/ āpywóðovros jós 6apiées éxov čv0a kai évôa et kai étuo Tapiévos' prégon 6' évi TiNos àpipet. Tiju fiá Tot' éé 'EAeóvos 'Apºſuropos 'Oppeviðao 3 * / 2 3. p V A 2 / éééAet' AiróAvkos Tvkuyöv čápov čvtutopfforas, XKávöslav 6’ &pa 66ke Kvěmpſº 'Apºptèápavri' Agdibégas 6* MóA@ 6óke &eiviſiov etval, ūrāp 6 Mmptôum 66kev (; Tatói popfival avrap ºptom oosen e Tao, Qoppa, p * * à Tór’’Oövoroſios Tūkagev Kápm épºquTéðeſora. Tö, Ö’ étrel obv ŠTAotoruv čvi čeuvotoruv čöörmy, 8&v j’ iéval, Autérmy & kar’ airóði Távras āpio Tovs. en \ M * 3. ‘A 3. \ e * Toſort be Šešlov fixev époèvov ćyyús Óðoto ITax\as "A0mvain' Toi 6' oilk tēov Öq6a)\protoruv vökra öt’ dpipwaſmu, äAAä k\áy&avros ūkovo av. xaſpe 6é Tó, Öputó’’Oövgeiſs, pâto 6’’A0:fum’ “KA50ſ prev, alytóxoto Alós Tékos, fire pot aiei év távreorov Tóvovort Tapia Taa’at, oùöé ore Añ0a, A ** º f y * 3. A kuwúuevos. vöv atte pºd) to Tá He q^\at, 'A6ivm, 60s & TáAuv čTi vijas āūk\etas āquké00al, & P f $ ey p f 39 6éčavras péya èpyov, & Ke Tpºeoſot pleañoet. 243 250 260 270 275 280 54 IAIAAOX 10. 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Oööè uèv oëè Tpājas āyńvopas elao’"Ektop eščev, &AA’ &pivots Kuk\fforkeTo Távras āptorovs, ôorgot £oav Tpdov #yńtopes #3& Méðovres' / Toys 6 ye avyka)\éo as Tvkivijv fiprüvero 3ov\ffv. “tis Kév plot Tööe épyov Štrooxépévos TsAéo etev / x/ p ſº V / e y 57 † 360° en, usyáA® 5 uſg00s & o,apstos erra 560 a yap 6iqipov Te Šča) tº épuatºxevas TTovs, of key àpuatov čoot 60iis étri Umvoriv 'AXatów, ôorris Te TAaím, of t'airó Kööos àpotto, - ;". 2 A V 2 P 3/ f wnóv Ökvtröpov oxeóðv éA6épév, Šk te Tv6éorðat, * f ift ºvXáorolovrat vijes 6oat, Ös to Tápos Tep, j ñón Xeipegouv Šq juétépmoſt 6apévres qºſéu. BovXetſovoſt pietà a pío w, où'ě0éAovorty vökta (bvXagoréueval, kapārq à6mkótes aivé.” * () 3/ 2. e 3 x/ / 3 & 3 P ſº * s éqa6” of 6' àpa Távres àkiy Éyévovro oriotă. jv 6é Tws év Tp(6eorgi A6Aov Einſbeos vićs, Kiipukos 0etowo, ToMáxpvoros, Toxixaxkos, p f rº ös off to eiðos pèv émy kakós, òAAä Toë6kms. airãp 6 poivos ému perä Tévre Kaoruyvärma w. ôs fia Tóte Tpoorív Te Kai "Ektop på0ow éettev: “"Ekro & 2 3 / 6ſ \ 6 \ } / p, ept otpwwel Kpaolm Kat tup.os. aymvop vmóv Ökvtrópov oxeóðv éA6épév čk te Tv6é00aw: ãAA’ &ye plot to a kiittoov &várxeo, Kat plot àuororov 300 305 310 315 320 IAIAAOX 10. 55 * # prºv Tows TTovs Te Kai äppara Touk(Aa XaAk; bogie, ºt popovow ăuțoug InAeſota. 3 \ S. P. oro. 6’ &yo oix àAtos okotrös éo-oopal, oiâ’ &Tööööms' Tödpa yöp &s otpatów elut Ötapattépés, Öqp’ av Škopal 325 vi’’Ayapepuovémv, 60. Tov géAAovow &ptorrow *\ a •A A 5 N P 5.9 BovXàs 8ovXeiſeuv, iſ pewyépév jë pºſixeoffat. *Qs (pd{}'' 66° ev Xépoi o Kittpov Aá8e kaſ oi čuogorev. & & y zº M 3. 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Af 37 pań pºèv Tols (TTotoruv ćivilp & Toxiào'etat àAAos 330 Tp(6aov, &AAä oré pmut Övapºtepès ày\aieto 6al.” *Qs paro Kai fi Tſopkov čTópoore, Töv 6’ 6póðvvev. airika 6° àpºp” &Motoruv ć8áAAeto KapatrúAa Tóša, ef 9 x/ & A * / égorato 6’ &KTootev juvöv ToMoto Aſkovo, Kpart Ö’ étri KTúémv kvvémv, ÉNe 6’ 6&v čkovra, 335 * 2 x 2 \ ** •) V *N 5 & 5 ºf 3 £8m 5' iéval Tport vias āTô otpatoč. oiâ’ &p' éueXXev 2 \ 3. * *N C/ * 2 A éA6&v ék v76v &\, "Ektop pºffov &Toſorew. 3. 2 ef / r2 ef V 2 * f 5 ey &AA’ &Te Öſ ſº itſ Tov Te Kai ävöpóv KáAAtq àpukov, Q & 2 2 - 5 S S X f \ ^ A 6ſ, ſº &v' 660V pepads' Töv Šē (ppägaro Tpoorldvra ôtoyevils 'Oövgeiſs, Atopičea be Tpooréettev: 340 “oirós tus, Atópmöes, āTô GTparod p)(etat àvijo, ^ “A ois otò', ') pierra ºrſakonos igeriangu', # Tuva ovXjorov vskúov Katate01 mºtov. &AA’ £6pév pºly Tpéra Tape&eX6eſ, Teótoto TvT66v čTetra öé K'ai Tôv étraičavres éAoupley 345 KapTaxipos. el 6° àppe Tapaſp6.aſmoſu Tööeorgiv, aiei puty éiri vijas āTô otpatóbi Tporteuxeſv êyxel étraigorov, puff Taos Tport ào Tv &Aú8m.” *Qs āpa qbovňa avre Tapié Öö00 év vsküegſaw KAtvöſjrmvº 66° àp’ &ka Tapéðpapev &@paôtmortv. 350 . 2 \ \ } ºf / & 5 2 / (ºf 2 \ ^ &AA’ &re Öſ fi’ &Témv, Šoroſov T’ étè otpa TéAovrat jutóvov–ai yap Te 30óv Tpopépéotepaſ eigw éAkéueval vetoio Baffeins Tmktöv špotpov—, w v 2 / & S.5 x 5 2/ * 3. / Tô pièv čTeópapétmv, Ó 3’ &p' atm 600Tov čkočgas. ëATeto yūp karū 6vuòu äToo Tpéroutas ÉTaipovs 355 ék Tpéov iéval, TáAlv "Ektopos Órpūvavros. &AA’ &re Öſ j’ &Teorav čovpmvekès i kal éAaoraſov, tº º 3 × ./. *\ ^ V /* ./ > w" yvó fl' àvöpas àmíovs, Aalympä 6è yotſu'a' évôua qevyépéval' toi Ö' atya Övökeuv Šppºſit/nouv. Ös 6' 6Te Kapxapóðovre Öto Köve, eiðdre 6ipms, 360 b6 IAIAAOX 10. *A F & " ? & A s A * ^. 3 * # kepwéð’ jê Xayaoğv čTeiyetov ćppevès aiei Xópov čv' iAffev0', 666 Te Tpo6émori pepamkós, Ös rôy Tvøeſöns jö’ 6 Troximop60s 'Oövororets Aaoû &Torpiñéavré Ötöketov čupevès aiet. âAA’ &re 67 Táx' épeAAe pºlyioregóat pu)\ákegow ºbeiſyov čs vilas, Tóte 67 pºvos épôax’’A6;fum - f * Tvöeión, tva paſſ ris Axatów XaAkoxird vov q,0aím étrevčápévos BaAéelv, 66° àeūrepos éA6ot. $ $2 2–2...! / * / ôovpi ö’étatororov Tpooréqºm Kparepôs Avopijöms' « .3× /_j 3 / "A / 3 & P / ºffè Hév’, jé ore Šovpi kuxſioroplat' oiâé oré (bmput ömpöv Špils àTö Xelpös àAööew altrov čAetºpov.” 3. t \ 37 3 y ºr t \ 5 t , , , {~ H fia, kai éyxos àqīkev, Šköv 6’ juáptave botós. V 9 & S 6. 3 .A. \ 5 V ôečitepov 6’ iTèp &pov čáčov čovpós &kakji 5 / 3 & • * $2 × 2.5 2/ f * év yain étáyn' à è’ &p' éotm Tápémorév te 2. 5/ & º, p A 2 3 S / Bap/8aívalv–ápagos 6& 6tä otópa yiyvet’ 366wrov— X\opós iTai Östovs. Tô 3’ &00paſvovte kixñrmv, Xelpóv 6’ &\rá00mv. Ö be Šakpāoras Tos miſèa' Ü & *_9 2 ºv 3 M 3 * Aff tº 5/ *N. 5/ 6 (oypeſt’, airãp éyòu èuè Aëoroplav' &oti yüp vöov XaAkós Te Xpworós Te Toxikpantós Te qíðmpos, Töv k’ inpuu Xaptoratto Tarijp &Tepeſort’ &Towa, y 3 * A / 2 2–Y V 5 r – , 93 et Kev čuš (oëv Tetrö0out' éiri vnvolv 'Axatów. Töv 6’ &Tapelgäuevos Trpooréqºm troAiſumtus 'Oövgore'ſs' “6époet, uměé Tí to 6&varos karaðūpatos éota). &AA’ &ye plot tdöe eitrè kai ärpskéos KaráAečov' Tū ā’ oitos étri vijas āTô otpatoſ épxeat otos vökta èt' éppvaimu, Öre 6’ eiðovoſt 3poroi äAAot ; [f Tuva ovXijoſov vexiſov karateóvmóTov ;] # o' "Ektop trpoémke Övao Kottàorðat ēkaara * 5/ f sº 5 3 & M 3 * 53 vijas Tu y\aqvpás ; 7 o' airów 6 wºuës àvijkev ; Töv č’ jueſ&et’ Tetta A6Mov' 573 & #rpepe yola' & ſº ex / * xy & A 3/ €/ * ToMAñorív p’ &rmot Tapek v6ov #yayev "Ektop, ôs plot IImAetovos àyavoč pºvvy as TTovs ôooréueva karévevore kai äppara Touk(Aa XaAkó, 2 / ! . .3 2 A ^ ^, Af / fivºyev 6é pº ióvta 007)w övå väkta péAalvav ãvöpóv čvapºevéov oxeóðv éA6éuev čk te Tv6é00al, iè (bvXáo govral vies 60aí, ós to Tápos Tep, *M iſ cº, / & in 5 S. # #öm Xeipegow jºb’ juerépmoſt Öapévres q6&v BovXečovoſt perä orbſolv, oiâ’ 30éAovorw vákra puxagorépéval, kapārq àönköres aivé.” 370 375 380 390 395 IAIAAOX 10. 57 Töv 8' étuetóñoras Tpoorépm troXúumrus 'Oövgore'ſs' “f jä vá to preyāAov Šćpov čTeplatero 6vpids, (TTov Alaköao Saiqipovos' oi Ö' àAeyewoº ãvěpáot ye 0\mTotov Šapaſiuevat jö’ dxéeoróat, âAA9 y” # 'Axt)\ffi, Töv č0avárm Téké pírmp. âAA’ &ye plot tdöe eitrè kai ärpekédos karáAe£ov' Toà vöv Šećpo kvěv Aſtres "Ekropa, Touéva Aačv ; Toč 6é oi èvrea kefrat āpiśa, Tot 3é of "TTot; Tós 6’ ai Tôv &\\ov Tpºov quMakai Te Kai evaſ ; [āorora te p.mtváoot perå oſqígu, pepiáaoru º / at 0 pºvetv trapā vnvolv &Tóirpoffev, jê TóAuvêe ây &vaxophorovow, Tei Öapéo avrò y’’Axaloſs.] waxºpºgovºw, stre ogharavºy, Axalous. Töv 6’ atte Tpooréettre A6Aov, Eöpujöeos vićs' & & *N 9 p. gº A \ } 2 f p totyöp Šyd to Taüra pºd) &rpekédos kata)\éča). •y V *\, * */ A 5 / Ektop pièv pietà Totoruv, Šoot BovXmq6pot elo'ſv, (80UAös BovXeſet 06tov Tapā orijuatl "IAov, vögqu ättö (pNoto:8ov" puxakäs 6' as eſpeal, pos, où Tus kekpupéum fideral otpatów oi6é quxáorget. ôoroat prev Tp(6ov Tupos éoxápal, otorw &váykm, & S.5 2 / / f oi ö’ éypmyóp6aoru pu)\agorépcevaſ Te KéAovrat 3 / 3 N º Af 3 / âNAñ\ots. &rap aire ToMiſkAmrot Tikovpot ey tº A v 3 f / eijóovoſt' Tpadov yūp étrutpatréovoſt ºvXágoeuv' où yáp orghuv Taíðes oxe5öv elarat oièë yvyaºkes.” Töv 6’ &Tapelgäuevos Tpooréqm ToMüuntus 'Oövoroſeiſs' “Tós yap vöv, Tp(6egori pepuyp,évot in Točápotow ečovo’, m &távev6e; 8teltré uot, Öqpa Öaeto.” Töv 6’ just 3et' étrelta A6Aov, Eöpffèeos viðs' “Totyap yo kai Taira pºéA’ &rpekédos kataAééo. Tpès pºèv àAós Kāpes kai IIaſoves àykvXóro&ot Kai AéAeyes kai Kačkoves 600% te TTeXao'yot, 25 Tpos @üuſ?pms 6’ Aaxov Aéktov Mvoot T' &yépoxov Kai Ppúyes itſtrówaxov kai Miioves itTokopua Taí. 3 ^ Af 2 \ an / ef &AAá Tim épě taúra övečepéeorðe ékaoTa; 3. ^ ^ / / * e/ ei yüp 6m pepatov Tpdov Karaööval épu)\ov, GOpffixes otö’ àTávev6e veij}\vöes, Éaxarot &\\ov, év 6é o qu ‘Pfioſos 8a0 theiſs, Táis 'Hiovios. * ^ 3 & \ / e toū ājj ka?Atotovs 'TTovs toov jöé peytarovs Aevkórepov xuévos, 6eiew 3’ &vépotovu juoſol. P dº º ãppa 5é oi Xpwoº Te Kai äpyäpº et jokmrat. 400 4 10 420 422 430 58 IAIAAOx 10. * p - Teixea Śē Xpúa'éta, TeX&pta, 6aijua löégéal, - #Av6' xov tá pièv oi; tı Karaövmtoſolv čotkev 440 ãvöpeoow popéew, &AA’ &6avátovoſt 6eoſolv. àAA’ pie pºèv vöv vnvoi TeXágoretov &KvTápotow, 5 / / /* 9 2 / Wes * ié He bioavtes Aſter' airóði vmAé beguó, ãºpa Kev čA6mtov Kai Telpmóñrov ćueſo, * º * jë Kat' aloav čevtſov čv Špºv, jê kai oikſ.” 445 Töv 6’ &p' iTóðpa ióðv Tpooréqºm Kparepôs Atopºiſons' ^ A . * “pil off plot piſów ye, AdX(ov, p.34)\Aeo 6vg6, éo 6Aá Tep dyyetàas, étrel treo Xéſpas às àpids. el Pºv yap ké ore vöv &Toxiſo opey is ué0ópev, º A cy º * 3 * 3. * iſ Te Kai čo Tepov eio 6a 0oas T. Vijas 'AXatów, 450 3 v / “A 3 / * / ºffè 6107Teijo ov évavrićtov Troxepiſov' - * - f el 66 k' épfis into Xeport Sapels áiró 6vgöv čXéooms, oùkét’étrelta at Tijuá Tot’ org'eat 'Apyetovolv.” 'H, kal 6 p.év paw ŚpiewAe yevetov Xelpi Taxeim &lrápievos Airoregóal, 6 o' aixòua uégorov čAaggev 455 bºyáve. &as, * ô’ ăubo, képore révoire, bºyouéuovº aparov ye Kapm souqqu, ºxón. toū 6’ &Tô pièv Krušémv kvvémy kepaxfiqhu Aovro, Kai Avkému Kai Tóša traXtvrova kai Öópv pakpóv. Kai Tá y’’A6myaim Amirtów 870s 'Oövgore's 460 e i r > 3 r " ; V 3 p. 3/ *S. • - tº do' àvéoxe6e Xelpí, Kal eixópevos étros miſèa “xaſpe, 0eá, Toſoróegal' orè yüp Tp(6tmv év 'OAöpirº Távrov &0avárov čtvö006pe6'. &AAä kai atris Téulov čTi Opmków &vöpów iTTovs Te Kai ei vás.” *Qs āp' épévmorev, Kai ättö 86ev indo’ &eipas 465 0iikev čvá pupikmur ÖéeXov Ö' Tri offind T’ éðmkev, --- ovppápyras 66vakas pupikms . Špiónxéas 6(ovs, \ / º 3 y ^ *\ /* / pºſſ A&0ot attus ióvre 007), 6tä vökta péAalvav. Tô be 84tmv Tporépo Suá tº èvrea kai pâav aiua, aïlia & T. G)pmkóvãvöpóv TéAos téov ióvres. 470 3. * g oi 3’ eiðov Kapuātº 36mrótes, évrea bé ordw KaNa Tap' attoſol x00v, kékAlto, et karū köopov, Tplotov)(£ Tapa 6é o qu èkágrº. 6(3)es itſtrou. ‘Pfi ô’ 3. *—- º 9 5 ºn S 2 5 ... / 7. moros 6’ ev påo'º eiße, Tap' airó 6’ &kées (Tirot éć étubuqiptóðos trupérms ip6.at 666evro. 475 Töv 5’’Oövgeistſpotápotóev ièöv Atopiče. Öeſéev. “otrós Tou, Auðumöes, āvūp, otrot 36 rot (Tirol, IAIAAOX 10. 59 oùs vóiv tripava ke A6Mov, 8v čTébvouev hueſs. *A âAA’ &ye Öſ, trpódepe Kparepôv uévos' oiâé ré ore Xpil êorrápºeval pºeov orów Teixeoruv, &\\a Atſ' Trovs’ # orá y ávöpas àvaipe, plexioſovo w 3' pºol (TTot.” *Qs paro' tº 5’ utivevore pévos y\avkóttis 'Aſhfum, Kreive 3’ trio Tpopáðmu Tów Śē otóvos &pyvr' àeukňs ãopt 0elvopévov, Épwôaſveto 6’ aluati yata. 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Tödpa 6° àp’ 6 TAjuov 'Oövorets Ače pºvvyas itſtrovs, & 3 x/ & rº 9 * / * / aiju è? iſsupev ip6.au, kal éčíAavvev ÓpſAov Tó& étutaffo'orov, Tet oë pºdotuya baetumv Af 5 / / A t \ A Toukùov čk Öſqipoto voffo ato Xeporiv čAéo:6al. fioſºma'ev 3’ &pa Tuqaiſakov Avopijöe; 8tº. airãp 6 peppiipuſs pévov Šti Kövtarov čpôot, # 3 ye ūſhpov čAóv, 60. Toukùa Tsūxe Retto, º * 3 A. *N 3 é t p 3 2 / fivpod Śēepiſot # kºčpot inſido’ &eſpas, # *ru Töv TAeóvov Opmków &Tö 6vpov čAouro. êos 6 Taü6’ &ppſalve karū (bpéva, Tóthpa 5’ ‘Athivn 3. / t / / / s. * & êyyúðev iotapévm Tpooréqm Atopºea 6ſov “vóorov 87 plungal, pleya%pov Tvöéos vié, vías & Tu y\aqvpás, pi kal Tedoğmuévos éAôms. A / \ * 3. Af \ 37 33 pañ Toč Tus kai Tpóas éyéipmauv 0eós āAAos. *Qs (bá6” § 6è &vvémke deås ôtra (povmoráorms, A. 2 Aſ kapiraxiuas 6’ ‘TTov čtreſ3fforeto. KöTre 6’’Oövoroets & C., a A S 5. / ~ 3 V ºn 3 * Tööp' to 6’ ‘Tétouro 60&s étri vijas 'Axatów. 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Kumuſbas uév Tpóta Tept Kviuma w ś0mkev KaNás, &pyvpéotoru èTwo puptows àpapvtas' ôéâtepov at 66pmka Tept a Tij6eorolv čovvev, Töv Toré oi Kuvápms 36ke &eivíov etval. Tetêero yap Körpovče péya KAéos, oùvek’’Axaloi és Tpoſmv vſjeoroiv čvatAeſoreo 6al épeXAov" toūveká oi Töv 66ke, Xapt{épévos 8aguxiii. toū ū’ītol 6éka oiuot orav påavos Kvåvoid, öööeka & Xpvooto kai eikoot Kagoſitépoto' kváveot be opákovres épopéxaro Tport betpāv Tpe's ékárep6', ipvoortv čoukótes, āq Te Kpovíov év vébéï a Tipuše tépas uépôtſov &v0p6trov. āpººl 5' àp’ &potoly BáAero Šſqos' év 6é of m\ot Xpúa'évot Tápºpauov, &rap Tepi KovXeóv jev āpyūpeov, Xpworéouaruv čoptibeorow &pmpós. āv č’ &Aet’ &piquépôtmv Toxvöaíðaxov čo Tíða 600pu, Kaxïv, #v Trépt pév Kūk\ot Öéka XáXkeot forav, év 6é oi duqaxoi joav čeſkoot Kaorotrépowo Aevkot, Év Šē péoſovo w śmu péNavos Kvåvoto. Tà è? Ti Lev Topy& 6Aoovpóttus éoteq àvoto êelvöv Čepkopičvm, Tept be Aeſºp.6s Te P680s Te. 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V N. 3/ e is º º Atpeſöeo Öttö Xeport treputſpo yap Éyxeſ 66ev.] &AA’ &re Öh Táx’ pºeNAov ÚTô TróAlv altrú Te Teixos t{e06a, Tóre Öſ fia Tarijp &vöpóv Te 6eów Te y 3. * A p Iöms év kopvºort ka0égero Tvåméoons, 3. p & • ? 3 2 \ *\ / oùpavóðev karaśās' éxe ô' ào repotiv pietà Xeportv. "Ipuu 6’ &rpvue XpworóTrepov &yyeXéova'av “Báork’ iów, "Ipt taxeſa, Töv "Ekropt pujóov čviortres. 3/_i 9 e - 5 / * P N ..., & ôºpp' àu pév Kev Ópā ‘Ayapéuvova, Touéva Aadºv, 6övovt’ év Tpopóxotoriu, Évaipovra otixas āvöpöv, Töpp' àvaxopetro, Tov 6’ &\\ov Aaëv čváx60 p.dpvagóat Ömiotov Karā Kpatepäv Šapſumv. 3 & 2 y \ \ V N / 5 rº airãp étreſ k’ # 60wpt TvTeis iſ 8Affuevos ió eis (TTovs &\etal, Tóre oi kpótos éyyva)\ića, kretvetv, eis & ke vilas €50 oréApovs à pikmtal ôiſm tº fiéAtos kai étri kvépas iepôv éAón.” *Qs éqat’, oë' àTſ6more Troößvepos Ókéa "ſpus, 8ſ. 6: Kat’’Iöaíov ćpéov sis”IAtov ipfiv. eip' viðv IIpuāpow) āaiqipovos, "Ekropa 6ſov, t A_j, x/ J tº M ef * êo radt' év 6' 'Tºrouot kal &ppiaat KońAmrotoruv. &yxoë 3' iotapévm Tpoorépm Tóðas Ökéa "Ipus' “"Ektop, viè IIpuápoto, All pºſitiv ŠtáAavre, Zeiſs pie Tarijp ºrpoémke retv táðe pºvějoragóat. ôºp' àu uév Kev Špás 'Ayapéuvova, Touéva Aačov, 6övour' év Tpopdxotorw, Évaipovra o Tixas &vöpóv, Tóqp' tróstke pâxms, Tóv 8° àAAov Aaëv Švax6. p.dpvaadat &miotov Karā Kparepāv jouſumu. 170 175 18O 185 190 195 200 IAIAAOX 11. airãp éiret k” # 3ovpt TvTeis # 8Añuevos tº eis introvs &Aeral, Tóre tot kpáros éyyva)\{{et Kreivetv, eis & ke vilas €ijo oréâpovs & pſkmat biſm tº jéAtos kai éti kvébas ispèv čA6m.” ‘H pèv &p’ &s eitroëo’ &tré;3m Tóðas Ökéa’Ipts, "Ektop 6’ 68 dxéov ov Teixeorw &\to Xapāge, TáAAov 6' 3&a 600pa karū otpatów ºxero Távrm, ôrpúvov paxéoraoréal, éyélpe 88 ptºotiv aiviv. oi ö’ éAeAtx0morav Kai évavtſov čo Tav 'Axatów. 'Apyelow 6’ &répoffew ékaprávavro póAayyas. ăptăv0m Öè p.4xm, otăv 6' àvtſov. čv Ö’’Ayapéuvov Tpótos épovo’, #6eAév Šē Toxi, Tpopuáxeoróat àTávrov. "Eaſters vov plot, Moûorat, 'ONúpatria 66par’ xovoral, ôotts &m Tpótos 'Ayapéuvovos àvtſov \6ev # airów Tp(660V is KAettów Tukočpov. 3. f 2 / 5 ... / Iqbučápas 'Avrmvopióms, jös Te puéyas te, ôs Tpádºm év G)pñkm épiſłóAaki, p.mtépt uſi\ov. Kuoroſis Tów y' éðpeye Öópous évi Tvrööv čávra p.mtpotárop, 6s Tikre Geavô KaNATápmov" airãp étreſ 5 #3ms épukvöéos ūketo piérpov, airoi; puty Katépwke, 6tóov 6’ 6 ye 0wyatépa #v' yńuas 6' ék 6a)\ápoto perä k\éos (ker’’Axatów oriv čvokatóska vmwori kopovíow, at oi étrovro. Tâs prev čtrett’ &v IIepkórn Aſire vilas €oras, airãp 6 Teſos éðv eis "IAtov eiXmAoû0el' ôs fia Tót’’ATpetēed 'Ayapéuvovos àvríos A6ev. oi ö’ Öre Öm oxe66v morav čT' àAAñAotoruv ióvres, 'ATpetóms pièv àpapre, Tapai Öé oi èrpáter' yxos, 'Iqbtöápas àe kata Øvnu, 66pmkos évépôev, vč’, éti Ö' airós épetore, 6apeſt, Xelpi Tuffāoras' où'ěrope (ooſtiipa travatoxov, &AAå Toài Tpiv āpyūpºp &vropévm p.6Augos Ós érpáter' aixpi. Kai Tô ye Xelpi Aagöv eipwkpetov 'Ayapéuvov éAk' éiri of pepados Óate Aſs, ék 6’ &pa Xelpös oſtrágorato' Töv 6° àopt TAffé' aixòva, Adore 68 yuſa. Ös à piev at 6, Treorov koupija aro XáXkeov čtvov olktpós, òTô plumotſis àAóxov, &ototorw &pſiyov, kovpuéſus, is of Tu Xápw těe, troXAá 6’ 60key" Tpó6' ékarov Boös 6ókev, Tetra Öe XíAt’ jiréorm, 2 || 0 215 220 225 230 235 240 68 LAIAAOX II. atyas Šuoi, kai čis, 14 oi ào Tera Touavouro. 6) Töre y' 'Arpetoms 'Ayapéuvov čevápió'ev, 8ñ 6è (pépov čv’āui)\ov'Axatów Teixea KaNá. Töv 6’ 6s obv čvámore Kóov, &ptöeſketos évôpóv, Tpeogvyevils 'Avrijvopſøms, Kpatepév šá é Tév60s ôq6axplows ékáAvré Kaoruyvítovo Teodvtos. atfi Ö’ eipää av čovpſ, Aafföv 'Ayapéuvova Öſov, vče 6é utv Karā Xeſpa pºéonv, dykóvos évep6ev, ãvrukpy & 6téoxe paewoi, bowpés àkokū. Étymoſév T' &p' éiretta ävač &vöpóv 'Ayapéuvov' ãAA’ obô’ &s āTéAmye payms jöé Troxéuovo, &AA’ Tópova e Köov. čxov &veporpedºes éyxos, #To 6’Iqbučápavra Kaoriyumrov Kai étrarpov éAke Troöös pepads, kaī āśret Távras āptorrows' Töv 6’ &Akovt’ &v’ &utXov it’ &a Tíðos épºqaxoéaſons oùrmore votá, XaAkipei, Adore be yuſa' Toſo 3’ T’’Iquëdpavri Kápm & Tékoye Tapaotás. évô’’Avrávopos vſes üT’’Arpetón Baorºj. Törpov čvatAijalavres éðvv Öduov "Aïčos etoia). Airãp 6 Tów &\\ov čTetroAetro orixas āvöpóv êyxei T' àopt te preyāAotori Te xeppaëſovov, ôºpa oi aſſu' àrt 6eppov čvivoffew éé &Teixis. aúrðp éTei Tô pºv čAkos éréporeto, Taşoaro 5’ aſſua, déetat 6' 66tſval öövov gévos 'Arpetbao. Ös 6’ 6” av Óðivovorav čxt, 8éNos 3& yuvaſka, ôpupið, td Te Tpoïeſort poyoatákov Eixeſ}vtat, "Hpms 6vyatépes Tukpās &ötvas Éxovo'at, Ös 6&eſ’ 606vat 60you pévos 'Arpetöao. és àſqipov č’ àvópovoe, kai jvºdzº èTrétex\ev unvariv čtv y\aqupiñow éAavvéuevº #x0éto yūp kip. #ügev be 6tatſpiſotov, Aavaoiot yeyovćs' “& bíNot, 'Apyetov #yńropes jöe pºovres, tueſs pèv vöv vnvaſiv ćpºvere Tovtotrópolow búNorw &pyaxémv, étré, oilk pie puntiera Zeis eſage Tp(6eorge traumgéptov TroRepſeuv.” *Qs épaff’’ jvíoxos 3' parev KaNAſtpixas Wittovs vías & Tu y\aqvpás tº 6' oik Škovre Teréorèmv. âqipeou be a Tíðea, jalvovro Šē vépée Kovim, Teupépévov Baorºſia payms àTávev6e pépovres. 245 2 5 O 260 270 280 IAIAAOX 11. 69 "Ektop 8' dºs évémo’’Ayapépivova v6orqu kućvra, A \ f 9 / V 3 .A. Tpado'ſ Te Kai Avkiotou èkéKAero pakpóv Čijoſas' “Tºoes kai Aiktov kai, Aápºanot &YXºoxºra, A * âvépés sure, $tao, paſſiggage º doſpºos dNKijs. oixet.’ ... oplgros, *. begéy eixos tookºv, Zeis Kpovſöms. &AA’ ióðs éAaúvere pºvvy as ūrtrovs lºſſov Aavaøv, ºv’ iſºprepay eixos apnode.” Qs eitröv čTpvve puévos Kai 6vpdv čkáotov. Ös 6’ 6Te Tot Tus thpºp kówas &pydbouras A. 2 y 3 p gevil ºf ,ayporepº gº ºptº me Aºyri, Ös étr'’AXavoſoruv Gede Tpóas pleyatºpovs ty / r. º. y tº º Ekrop ſpapºns, Bpoſoxolyé igos Apni. aúTös 6’ &v Tpg|Totoru péya qipovéov č3e3ſket, º 8’ 5f 9 & Af e f, s ſº 9 #AA évo etreo vogum vTepaev toos aea/\m, #Te Kaffax\opévm ioetóéa Tóvrov ćpível. "Evêa riva Tpótov, Tiva è? §oratov čáevăptăev "Ektop IIpuapuíðms, Öre oi Zeijs Köö0s éðakev ; 'Aoraſov påv Tpóra Kai Airóvoov Kai 'OTírmy kai A6Aotra KAvríðmu Kai 'Oq,éAttov jº’’AyāAaov * Af J *O p V : Af / Ato vpºwów tº 'Opév Te Kai ITTóvoov preveX&ppmw. Toys àp’ t Y. #yeudºgs Agºgºw éAev, grap ëTeuta TA)0öv, Ös Ötöre vépéa Zépupos ortvqeXíðm 3. * A. / a A. i. ôpyeo rāo Nórowo, Baffelm Aaixatſu TüTraov. ToMAëv Šē Tpóqu köpia KvXſvöerat, in 60'e 3’ &xv) orkſövarai éé àvépouo toxvtååykrovo ions' &s āpa Tvkvå Kapijað’ jºb’ "Ekropt 6dpi.varo Aaôv. y V 3/ V 3 A 3/ / Eºga Ke Aoyös envºat anxaua pyayevorro, kaſ vö kev čv vſjealou Tréoſov ºpečyovres 'Axalot, ei p'i) Tvöeſöm Avopijöéï kéKAer’’Oövoroſeiſs' “Tvöeſöm,...tt traffévre AeAáope6a 0otſpuéos àAkīs; âAA’ &ye beſpo, Tétrov, Tap' ép' totago. 67 yap Aeyxos 3y - * ef A ty 99 êorgeral, et Kev vijas ɺm Kopv6aío)\os "Ekrop. Töv 6’ &trapeuſ%pevos Tpooréqm Kparepòs Awapiſóms' “ifroi éyò Pevéo kai TAño'opiat àAAã privvv6a huéov čoo’etat #30s, étrel vegeâmyepéra Zeis Tpoorly 67, BöAerat Öočvat kpáros jé Tep juiv.” *H, kał Ovuòpatov pièv čq’ (trirov &are Xapáše, ãovpi Baxtov Karā plaſov ćpto-repôv' airãp ’Oövoroets ãvtíðeov 6epátrovra MoAſova toto &vakros. 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 32O 70 - IAIAAOX 11. Toys pièv étrelt’etadav, Tei Toàéuov & Tétravoſav" Tö, Ö' àv' &pſiAov ióvre kvěoiueov, Ös 6Te Kátipa) év kvor 6mpevrfiot péya ppovéovre Téo mtov" ës &Aekov Tpóas Taxwoppévo. airãp 'Axaloi ãortraorſos petſyovres àvéTveov "Ekropa 6ſov. "Ev6' éAérmv Šíqipov Te Kai ävépé Öſuov ćptotal, vie Ötſo Mépotros IIepkooſov, Ös trepi Távrov #6ee pavrogºvas, oibe obs, traibas agrew orretxelv čs TóAepov böugivopa. Tä, öé oi of ti Tet0éorèmvº Käpes yap &you péNavos 6avátovo. Toys pièv Tvösöns àovpukAeltös Avopijöms 6vgoi, Kai Wyvyis kekaðöv k\vra Teixe’ &Tmpa' ‘ITTóðapov 6’’Oövorets kai "ſtreſpoxov čevápióev. *Ev6a orbiv Karā to a páxmv étávvoore Kpovíov éé"Iöns kaðopóv' to 3’ &AAñ\ovs évépuſov. #To Tvöéos viðs 'Ayáo Tpodov otrage Öoupi IIatovíðmu İpoa kar’ ioxſov' oibe yap (TTot êyyūs ‘aav trpoq’vyetv, &ágaro è piéya 6vº. toūs pièv yöp 6epátov Štávev6' éxev, airãp 6 Teſos 6öve 6ta Tpopdxov, eſos (bùov &Aege 6vpuév. "Ektop 6' 3& vömore kata otixas, & pro 6’ T'ai Toys kekAnyós, òpa Śē Tp(§ov eſtrovto (páAayyes. Töv Šē ióðv fitymae Bořiv ćya60s Atopjöms, aira ö’’Oövoroſia Tpoore pºveev čyyús éðvta' “vóiv 87, Tóðe Tiipa KvXſvöetat, 68pupos "Ektop' âAA’ &ye 87 otéapev Kai &Aečápeg 6a pévovres.” *H fia, Kai épºttetraXöv Tpoiet 60A1X60 klov čyxos, kai BáAev, oiâ’ &q&papte, titvakóuevos kepakiiqui, âkpmy kāk Köpv6a. TAdyxöm 6’ 370 xa\kóqu XaAkós, oùö’tkero Xpóa ka?\óv' épiſkake yap TpvQ,&Aeta Tp(TrvXos, aixòtis, Tivoi trópe Poigos 'AtóAAov. "Ekrap 3’ &K' àtréNeópov čvéðpage, pºkto 3’ &pſiAq., orſ, 88 yuvé šputróv, Kai épeſoraro Xelpi taxeſm yaims' épiqi Öe doore kexatum vöá čkáAvlev. ôºpa Sê Tvöetöns perå Öočparos ºxer' époiju Tâxe ôtà trpouáxov, 30, oi karaetorato ya!ms, tóðp’"Ektop &ntryvro, kai à és àſqpov ćpoiſoas éééAao' és TAmööv, kal &Aeëaro Kipa MéAaway. ãoup, 8 &traigo'ov Tpogépm kparepôs Atopºiſons' 330 335 3 10 355 IAIAAOX 11. 71 “éć at viv čºvyes 6évarov, kiſov (; 1é rot &yx, #A0e kakóv. viv airé o' épêorotaro poigos 'AtróAAtov, º 3y * 3. * 3 y (5 p.6\\ets eixeo 6at ièv és 600Tov čkövrov. º P 3 2 / V ºf 3. 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A. e. 3/ 5 e / #To Töv MévéAaos épiños ééay' juſXov xeupòs éxov, eſos depātrov oxeóðv #Aaorév introvs’ Atas Šē Tp(6eorgiv táApuevos etàe Aópvk\ov IIpuapuíðmy, vö0ov vićv, *Tetta è? IIávôokov obra, oùra öe Aiſoravčpov Kai Tſūpagov jöé IIvXáptnv. t 3 * – f A \ A P Ös 6’ 6tröte TAff00w Totapids Teóſovöe káretoruv ; 3 * 3. /* \ -y” Xelpidppovs'kar’ &peo buy, Öttaſöuevos Atós duºpºp, ToMAös & Spüs āśa)\éas, ToMAäs 6é Te Teikas éo pépetal, Tox)\öv Šé T' àqvoyeröv eis àAa 34AAét, Ös éqetre k\ovéov trečíov Tóte paíðup.os Aias, .. ty 3 / 3 & / ty ôaiſov (TTovs Te Kal &vépas. oièé tra, "Ekrop Teóðet’, ‘Treſ fia payms étr' épio'repā pºdpvaro Táorms, ðx0as Tàp Totapoſo Xkapāvöpov, ti, Éa pºtata ãvöpów Tritte Käpmva, 80) 6' àgéeotos épépet Néotopá T’ &piqi péyav Kal &pſiov’Iöopevila. "Ektop prev pietà Toſolv Špºet péppepa fiéov êyxei 6’ itTogºum te, véov 6' àAáTaſe pāAayyas' 3 S 2 3/ f / * 3. A. où6’ &v Tø Xáçovro ke?\et,000 bºot 'AXavoſ, 5 * 5 / t / A 5 e = . A ei p'il 'AAéðavöpos, ‘EXévms Tóg is jököuoto, Taüorev ćptorrečovta Maxáova, Toupéva Aačv, 3 rº / M ~ V ^ ió TptyNóxuvi Baxtov Kará Šećtov &pov. Tº fia Tepióðelorav påvea Tvetovres 'Axaloſ, uñ Tós puty Toñégoto petak\lv0évros éAotev. airika 3’’Iöopaeveys Tpooreq6vee Néo Topa 6ſovº “& Néo Top NmAmiáöm, Héya Kööos 'Axatów, 37 * âypet, oróv Čxéov étruſ&#oreo, Tàp Öe Maxáov / * 8alvéro, is vias Šē Táxtort’ xe pºvvyas (TTovs’ V * intpos yöp &våp troXAów &vrášios &AAov [ioſ's T' ékráuvelu Tí T’ #Tua pāpuaka Táorgely].” & Qs éqar” oiâ’ 3Tíðmore Tepſivuos in Tóra Négrop. 3. / airika 3’ &v ćxéov Štefligero, Tàp & Maxáov 48ſ) 485 490 495 500 505 5 10 515 IAIAAOX 11. 7 5 • 2 3 * , , t \ 3 / 2 . . a Baſv', 'Ao kAmtwoë viðs àpſuovos intfipos. / 3 ef A 3. > 3/ A . pudo Tučev Š’ ‘Tirovs, Tô 6' oik &kovre Teréorèmy * y !-- -3 - X /* y * vmas eTL yMałºpºs Tu Yap {{\ov *Agro 6vpº. Keſ?puðvms & Tpóas āpulopwévows évômorev 'Ektop. 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Atas Šč k\ovée, Texapºvios. et Öé utv ćyvov' 5 V ^ 3. 3 3/ 5/ y 3. ^ v & * eipi, yāp &piq (ºpolo w śXel ordikos. &A\a kai jue's ^_2 */ \ ef 3 2 /1 / 3/ keto’ (TTovs Te Kai äpp' ióðvopaev, v0a pºdżuota iTTſies Tegoſ ré, Kakīv čplēa Tpoſła)\6vres, &AAjaoys ôAékovot, 8om Ö’ àogeotos épopev.” A A y Qs āpa bovija as pagev KaNAttpuxas (Tirovs p.dotty Atyvpil’ to 6é TAmyńs āīovres fiſp? §§epov 606v ćppa perä Tpóas kai 'Axalois, Af P f V 3 Af ey 9 2/ orreſøovres vékvás Te Kai ào Tíðas. aſſuart 6' à$ov / e/ f \ 3/ º V / wépôev Štras TetráAakro Kai ävrvyes ai Tepi Öſqipov, & / às āp’ &@' itTetov Š.TAéov jaðápayyes éðax\ov ey 3 2 9 5 p º ^ ºf * ey ai T' &T' étuoſo (3rpov. č Šē tero 60yal épu)\ov ãvöpópeov fićat te petáApuevos' év Šē kvěoupov * A a A ^ p y fike kaköv Aavaotoru, pivováa Öé Xàſeto èovpés. airãp 6 Tów &AAGov čTetroAétro ortly as āvöpóv êyxei T' &opi te peyāAoto'ſ Te Xeppabiotou, Atavros 6' àAéeuve påxmu TeXapoviáðao. V / e C. ^2 ºf > 2. . . . . A V / [Zei's yap oi vepeotaff’, 6t’ &peſvovt both pºdzotto.] Zeys & Tatip Atav6° W, ſuyos év q68ov &porev. * f otfi & Taq6v, ÖTuðey be orákos 3&Aév čTragóetov, y ^ A 3. I 5 º' z \ } A Tpégore Šē Tattávas āq àpſAov, 0mpi čoukós, º p 5 \ .ſº Af V 3. / ëvrporaMuſæuevos, 3Alyov ydvv yovvös àpieſ/300w. º 3. 3/ / * 3. A / Ös 6’ ałówwa Aéovra Boöv &Tö peo-oraúAoto éorgetſavro Köves Te Kai ävépes àypotórai, oire pu oikeiôort Boöv čk Tap ÉAéorðat Távyvkov čypſo govres à èë Kpelöv ćpariſov 3. A / 2. Y. Y > 2.2% P Q P ^ 3/ iðiſel, àAA’ of Tu Trpijo orel' 6apwées yūp àkovres ãvtſov ćiorgoval 6paorétáov &Tô Xelpöv, katóuevaí Te Šeraſ, Táore tpet égorčuevös rep' jóðev 8" &mov6orqu è3m Tetumóru 6 wº. A A 3 3 \ / / º ës Aſas Tót’ &Tö Tp(60V Tetumpiévos Top 530 535 540 545 550 555. E 2 76 IAIAAOX 11. ifte, TóAA’ &ékov" trepi yüp 8te vnvolv 'Axatów. Ös 6’ 6” &vos trap' àpovpav ièv é8ūjoraro Taíðas va,0ñs, & 3) troAAà Tept fióTax’ &pſpis éâym, keipel tº eigex8öv 8affè Añov' of 6é Te Taíðes TúTrovolv joirákovoſt’ Bim bé te vntrim airów. otſovëſi T' éčíAaggau, Étret T' ékopéorgaro pop/8ſis' Ös Tót’ Tett’ Atavra péyav, TeXapºvuov vićv, Tpóes itépôvplot Toxvnyepées T' étríkovpot viſororov.res évo Totori pāorov orákos aiev Štrov'ro. Aias 6' àAAore pºèv plumoráq-keto 60%ptöos &Akīs airls jiroo Tpeºp6eſs, Kai épmrčoao Ke (póayyas Tpéov in Točápagov" Ště be Tpotáo kero pečyetv. Távras & Tpoéepye 00as trè vſias Óðeiſely, airós be Tp(60V Kai 'Axatów 60ye peomyūs iotégévos. Tà èë 300pa 6pageudov čTö Xelpóv ãAAa pèv év oréké peyáA@ Táyev ćppewa trpóoroo, troXAå Öe kai peoo myū, Tápos Xpéa Nevköv čTavpeſv, év yaim to Tavro, AtNatópeva Xpoès &gal. Töv 3’ &s otiv čvámo' Eiðatuovos àyAaôs viðs EüpúTv)\os Tvkivoſort Stagópevov BeNéegoriv, atfi fia Tap' airów ióv, Kai äkóvruge Öovpi paeuvé, kal 6&Aé pavouáðmu 'Attoráova, troup.éva Aačv, #Tap Tô Tpatríðav, etóap 6' 5"To yotſvat' éAvorev. EüpúTvXos Ó' étrópovoſe, kal aivvro Teixe ôt' épov. Töv 3’ &s oëv évômorev 'AAéčavöpos 6eoetóñs Teſke’ &Tauiſuevov 'Attoráovos, airika Tööov éAker' ét’ EipvTúA®, Kai puu BáAe pumpèv číoſtó ôečićv' ékAáorón Öe 66vač, ć8ápvve & pumpóv. ây 3’ &rápov eis éðvos éxáCeto Kfip’ &\eeſvov, #vorev 6é Ötatſpiſotov Aavaotot yeyovćs' “& ptAot, 'Apyetov #yńropes jöé péðovres, orfit' éAeAx6évres kai épºvere vnkees juap Atav6', 6s 8exéeorgi Buágeral oiâé é (bmut qetſéeab' k Toxégouo Švankéos. &AAä pudº’ &vrmv to raoré àpiq Atavra péyav, Texapºvuov vićv.” *Qs éqat’ Eipúrv\os BegAmuévos' oi & Tap' airów TAmorſo. £ormorav, oráke’ &potov KAtvavres, ãoëpar’ &vaoxópevot. Töv 3’ &vríos #Av6ev Alas, orſ, be petao Tpeºpóeſs, étrel trero è6vos étaipov. 560 5 6 5 570 575 580 ,585 590 595 IAIAAOX 11. Qs of pièv pºdpvavro Šēpas Tvpös alôopuévolo' Néo Topa 6' ék ToMéuoto ºpépov NmAffiat (TTot töpéoat, fiyov če Maxáova, troup.éva Aačv. Töv Šē ióðv évômore Troööpkms bºos 'AxtAAeës' čarijket yap &iſi Tpúuvm pleyakirei vni, eigapóov Tóvov altröv ióká Te Sakpwéeo gav. aiya Ö' étalpov čov IIaſpok\fia Tpooréettſev, q6eyéâpévos Tapā vmás Ó Sé KAvatmöev čkoča as êkpoxév toos "Apni, kakoë 3’ &pa oi TéAév ćpxñ. Töv Tpérepos Tpooréette Mevoltſov &Akipos viðs' “Titte pºe Kuk\ffolkets, 'AxtMed; Ti Öé ore Xpeč, ćueſo ; ” Töv 6’ &Tapetſ?ópevos Tpooréqºm Tóðas Ökös 'Axi}\\eiſs' & & ** f r 5 * f * bie Mevolºdon, tº the Kexoptºsis Öupé, vöv dio Tepi yoiſvat' épa o Tſioregróat 'AXavows Algoropévovs' Xpetë, yāp ikáveral oikér’ &vekrós. âAA’ ióu vēv, IIáTpokxe ôtíquxe, Néotop' épéto ey * 37 / 3. 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Tö, Ö' étei oiv Tivovt’ &qérmv Toxvkaykéa Öğrav, pºiſ00uoruv Téptovro Tpós àAAñ\ovs évétrovres, IIárpokkos & 0\pmow éqſorrato, ioréðeos pºés. A \ & V 3. * p * * Töv Šē ióðv 6 yepatós &Tö 6póvov opto qaeuvoč, º ? 3/ \ e f *\ 3 & ºf és 6' &ye Xelpös éA&v, Karā 6' éðpuáagóat àvoyev. TIáTpokMos 6' étépoffev čvaiveto, eité te pujóov. £ 6 2 tf 3. A ^ 6 p 3 & # A oix éðos éo Tí, yepaté Ötorpeqés, où6é pie Teigels. alòoſos, vegeornrós, ò pie trpoémke Tv6éo 6al, e/ * 3/ / 3. * A 3 V ëvruva Toorov &yeus Begxmpiévov. &AAa Kai airós ytyvégko, öpóo be Maxáova, Touéva Aačv. vöv če étros épéov táAw &yyeXos étu’’AxtNji. º *\ ^ º ^ / sº 3. * et Öe ori otorða, yepaté Ötorpeqês, otos ékelvos beivös āvūp' Táxa kev Kai ävaſtlov airwāºro.” Töv 3' jueiðet’ Tetta Tepúvuos itſtröra Néa top' “Túrte T’ &p’ &ö’’AXu)\et's 3Åoqūpetal vias 'Axatów, ôororo. 87, BéAeo tv BegAffatal; oi6é tº otöev Tévêsos 60 orov ćpope kata o Tpatóv' oi yap &ptorov - / év vnvolv Kéarat Be3Amuévot oitápévoſ Té. 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Táqpov čTorpióvov 6tagawépcev. oióé oi (TTot TóApov &Kūtrobes, póAa bê Xpepérigov čT' &kpp Xe(Ast épéoradres' àTô yap betötorgeto táppos eiye’, oùr’ &p’ 57épôopéew axe6öv otte Tepſia at firſtöſm' Kpmuvoi yüp Tmpeºpées Tepi Tàgav 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 IAIAAOX 12. 85 éo Tagav ćpºpotépo6ev, Ütrepòev če o kokāTreorgiv 6&éoruv ipſipet, Toys a Tagav vſes 'Axatów Tvkvous kal HeyāAovs, Šmíov &vöpóv &Aeopffv. •º êv6' oi key fiéa (tritos éârpoxov appa ruraívov éo Baím, Tregoi Öè pºevolveovel TeXéovoruv. 67 tore IIovXvöápas 6pagºv "Ekropa etire Tapao Tás' “"Ekrop tº jö’ #AAoi Tpéov &yo. jº étrukoúpov, P &qpačéas 6ta Táqipov čAaúvopaev Ókéas itſtrovs. & S \ ! Y 3 2 / 4---- f ~ 3 3 * # 6è p.4A’ &pyaxém trepāav' orkóAotes yap Šv airii 68ées éqtāorw, Toti Ö’ attois Teixos 'AXavów. 5/ 3. 3/ 3/ / * Q \ / êv6' oil traos éqtuu kata/3ſpeval oijóē påxeo 6al * * f ºre itſtrečov oſteſvos yáp, 60 tp%geq 0av Čio. 3. ^ *\ V / *\ / 2 ei pºev yūp toos Táyxv Kaká (bpovéov &Aatrágst A c / A S. ºf 3 2 - A Zeis jºuépépérms, Tpéeorov če tet’ &pſiyev, º 3. A 3. 3 2/? / A 3 / zº / # T' &v éyòy’ é6é\oupºu kal airika Tooro yewéo 6at, vovápºvous ātroXéoróat &T’’Apyeos évôáð’’AXavoiſs' ei öé X’ ‘Tootpéroot, Taxiošis 6é yévmrat . ěk v máv Kai tāqpq Évit\fféopeu dpvKrü, 3 . . / 5 y 2 2.É. 3 & 5 y 9 / L oùkét’ ‘Trett’ dia) oió' àyyeMov ćtrovéeoróat &W, oppov ſpoti čo Tv čAx6évtov ŠT’’Axatów. &AA’ &ye6', Ös āv čyöv eſtro, Telóðpe6a Távres. "Tovs pew depātroutes épukóvrov čtri Táppº, aitot be Tpu}\ées gºv Teixeot 600pm)(6évres 3. "Ektop Távres étrépé6° ào)\Aées' airãp ’AXavoi 3. / 9 3. / 3 A / A. 2 3 12 5 y où pewéovo’, el 6ſ, 0 pup 3Aé0pov Teipat’ &qāTrau. *Qs paro IIovXvöápas, Šēe Ö' "Ektop på60s & Tijuav, 3 / J 2 (“ 3, . A \ A fº * airika č’ éé Öxéov obv Teixegu &\to Xapáſs. oëbè pièv àAAoi Tpóes éq,’ ‘TTov jyepé0outo, / * âAA’ &Tô Távres àpovo av, Teï ičov "Ektopa štov. jvuòxºp pièv étretta éé TéréAAév čkaotos iTTovs et kata köopov ćpwkéuev at 6' éti Táqpq' oi Öé Öiao Távres, a péas airoës àprúvavres, f Tévraxa koopmbévres àp' #yepióvegory &Touro. oi pºev Šp. "Ektop' to av Kai äpäuovº IIovXvöápavri, oi TAeſoſtov Kal &ptator &aav, p.éuagav ŠēpēMora *A y tetxos fiméâpévot kotºns étri vyvori pāxegºat. kai o qu Ke6ptövms Tpitos etireto" Tap 6’ 3p' 6xeorqu &\\ov Ke8ptóvao Xepetova káAAttev "Ekrop. * p f * 3. Töv 3’ Tépov IIápts ſpxe Kai 'AAká600s Kai 'Ayívap, 55 60 70 75 80 85 90 86 IAIAAOX 12. rów be Tpirov "EAévos kai Amidogos 6éoetöffs, vie Šča IIpuāpovo Tp(ros ū’ fiv'Aquos figos, "Aortos ‘'Yprakiöms, Öv 'Apto:3m0ev pépov (TTot y • 37 A aíðaves, preyāAot, Torapod &To Xex\iffevros. Töv če Teráprov ſpxev čis Táis 'Ayxſoao Alveias, Špia Tó ye āūo 'Avrijvopos vie, 'ApxéAox6s T''Akáuas te, páxms et eióðre Táorms. \ 3 * / 3. * 3. A Xaptmööv 6' yńorat’ &yak\etrów Tukoúpov, v j ef * ^ 3 /, s 2 zº ſº Tpós 3’ &Aero TAajkov Kal &pſilov 'Ao Tepotraſov oi yáp oi eto avto Ölakpubów elva èpvotov Töv &AAøv perá y' airóv. 6 o' &mpete kai Örö Távrov. oi 3’ Tel &AAñAovs &papov rvktfiat 86eorgiv, £8&v Ā’ iðūs Aavaôv AeAumpuévot, oùù'ěr’épavro oxforegró', &AA’ &v unvor Hexatumouv Teoréeo.6al. "Ev6' &AAoi Tpóes TuxeKAettoſ T' étríkovpot 8ovXà IIovXvóópavros épopfftovo Tíðovro. &AA’ oix "ſpraktöns éðex’’Aotos, 3pxapºos &vöpón, ač6. Atteſv 7tſtrovs Te Kal fivtoxov 6épátovra, &AAä gºv airoſaw TréAao'ev vijegort 60fforty, vítrios, oiâ’ 3p' épéAAs Kakás intrô Kilpas àAúčas, *TTotoruv kai Öxeo (buy &ya)\\ópevos Tapa vmäv ây &Trovoo Tijoretv Tport "IAtov fivepideo gav’ Tpó00ev yáp pºw Moºpa Śvoróvvuos épºqekáAvrev êyxei 'Iöopaevios &yavoi Aevka)\tóao. etorato yap vmóv ét épio repā, ti, Tep ’Axaloi ék Teóſov vſororov'to giv tattouqu ka? &xeo (bu. Ti, fi’ ‘TTovs Te Kai äppa Śuñagev, oë TúAmoru eip’ Tukek\upévas oravíðas Kai Pakpóv ćxia, 5 º, 3 f 9 / 2 < âAA’ &vate"Trapévas &xov čvépes, et ruv' étalpov ěk troXéuov petſyovra oraćgelav pietà vilas, ti, É' idiºs (ppovéov (TTovs éxe, to 6’ &p’ étrovro 3 A- / * ^ 3... 1–3 2 V 6&a kekamyātes éqavro yāp oëkét’’Axaloës oxideo.6°, &AA’ &v vnvol Hexatumoruv Treoréeo.6at, Æ 3. N. A A3 3. é º 2 / vitriot, Év Šē TúAnot 38° àvépas eipov ćpío Tovs, vias Štrepôtſuovs AaTuffāov aixpantáov, V ^ f V A. Töv Plºv IIeupv6óov via, Kparepôv IIoxviroirmv, Töv 8& Aeovtſia, 8poroMovyó toov"Apni. Tô pºvěpa Tpotápotóe Tuxáov Šym}\áo), êoraorai, Čs été ré àpies oiperuv Šilºurépmvot, 95 100 | 10 120 125 130 IAIAAOX 12. 8? ef_3 57 / V & \ . . y f att avepov pulpwovoru kal vetov iipata travra, fií(nortv preyāAmori Šumvekéeoro’ &papvtat: . 3/ \ / A 3 & \ s àpa tê Xeipegori Tetoufféres #68 (3£mpty / 3. P f y 5 S 3 2 1 / pºſuvov čtrepyānevov påyav "Aortov, oùù’ qé8ovro. t 3 3 /* * \ ** Y -ſ. p y oi ö’ ióēs trpós Teixos éijöpantov, Bóas ačas in 60° àvao Xópevot, Éklov pleyáA® &Aaxmró y 3. ^ 3/ V 5 v * V 5 , * Aa'vov ćpºpt åvakta Kal 'Iapevöv Kal 'Opéo Tmu 3. Aortóðmu T’’Aöápaura Oóðvá Te Olvduaôv re. e 5 y ef & 3 * * / 5 V oi ö’ frou eicos pièv Čijkvijutòas 'AXavows ôpyvov čvöov čávres àpiſveoróat Tept vnáv' airãp Tetêm tetxos étréo avpévows évômorav * * / Tpóas, &rap Aavaôv yéveto iaxi Te q630s te, 3. ^ V 3 ./. A A ěk Śē Tö, äičavre TvXáov Tpá00e playeo'0mv, âypotépotori oiſe.org.tv čouköre, tºt’ v ćpeo’aw âvöpóv jöé Kvvów 6éxatal KoMoorvprov ióvra, ôoxpº T' &iorgovre Tepi o q ſouv &yvvrov ÚAmv, Tpvpavily €krápavoures, itſal öé Te Kópatros Óð6vrov / 3. */ / a \ 3. V eſ yūyveTat, eis 6 ké Tis Te (3a)\öv ék 0upov čAmrat. Ös Tóv Kópattel XaAkös étri o Tij6egal paeuvès &vrmy BaAAopévov påAa yöp Kparepôs épáxovro, Aaotoruv Kaffſtrepôe Tetov6óres 73& Bimply. oi ö’ àpa Xeppačíovorty éijöpirov &Tô Túpyov 8áA\ov, &puváuevov ordów T'ai Tôv Kai KAuguáov vmóv T' &kvirópov, viq &öes 6’ 6s Tūtrov paſs, ão T' &vepos (affs, véſpea a kućevra öovija as, tappewas karéxeveu ètri X60wi TovXv6oteipú. º * * / ** Ös Tóv čk Xelpóv 8é\ea fiéov, jučv 'Axatów jöé kai ék Tpdov' kópv6es 6’ &pſp’ abov &ürevv f flaxAópeval pivXákeorgi Kai ào Tíðes épiqaxóegoat. § fia Tár. §u%év Te & ð Tºmaſzero p.mp3 Aotos ſſp.takiöms, kal &Aao Tijo as étros miſſa' “Zed Tárep, j fić vu Kai or pºorevöls érérvéo 3. Táyxv påA” oi yüp &yoy' épápmv iipoas 'Axalows P ** oxfigetv pårepôv ye pévos kal Xeºpas àátovs. oi ö’, Čate orbikes péorov aidAoi îe péaugoat oikºa Toujoſovrat 666 tri Tattaxoéoom, oiâ’ &ToMeſtrovalv Koºov Šćpov, &AAä pºévovres *A / ăvöpas 6mpmrūpas àpičvovrat Tepi Tékvov, - / A &s oº' otºk Č6é\ovoſt Tvååov kai 68’ £6vre 135 140 150 160 170 88 - IAIAAOX 12. p p 3 3 M f 3. t * 55 Xào oraoréat Tpiv y' jë Karakrápév jë &Aóval. *Qs épat’, oëöè Atós Teſtle ppéva Taür’ &yopetſov- "Ekropt yap oi 6vgös é8otſ\eto Kööos épééat. ['AAA9. 8’ Äuä' ãAAmat géxm #1&ovro TúAmoru" āpyaxéov Šć pie Tatra 6eóv Ös Távt’ &yopetoat' Távrm yap Tepi Teixos épôpet 060 Tiêaës Töp Adivov. 'Apyetov Šē Kai àxviſuevoſ Tep &váykm . . e. 3 / A § 3 º' A M t vmóv juiſvowto. 6eol 6° àkaxeſato 6vpov Távres, 60'ot Aavaotori pāxms étutéppoffo joav. orbu Ş' éSaxov AaTíðat TóAepov kai Ömiorita.] "Evê' at IIeupúðov vićs, kpatepēs IIoAvToſtms, ôoupi 6&Aév Aápagov kvvém's 6tà XaAkoTapijov' 5 S 2 2/ / p 3/ 3. N t * oiâ’ &pa XaAkelm Köpus éoxe6ev, &AAá čvarpo 3. ^ A & C (-3 2 / 3. / * aixº XaAkeim fié 30 Téov, *yképaxos 6& évôov &Tas tetáAakro 6dpaolore 6é pºuv prepačra. airãp éiretta IIóAova kal "Oppevov čevápuéev. viðv Ö''Avripºdyoto Aeovreiſs, 6(os "Apnos, ‘ITTópaxov 84Aé Öoupſ, kata goatfipa tvkiigas. ^ J 2 * 3 f / 5 * \ atris 3' ék koxeoſo êpwoodpevos éiqos 3& 'Avriqātmu pºev Tpótov, Taíčas 6' 6pºov, TAñé” airtoaxe6ínv' & 6’ &p' iſ twos oiſèet épeto 6m* airãp éiretta Mévova kai 'Iapevöv kai 'Opéormy Távras Tagorvrépovs TéAaore X60wi TovXv8oteipſ). .5/ 5 º \ 3. 3 3 x/ /* t Oqbp’ oi Toijs évéptſov &T’ vTea pappaípovra, Töpp’ of IIovXvöápavri kai "Ektop koúpot &Touto, ot TAeſorrot Kai äptorov čo av, Héuagav Šē pºdºtoſta Teixós Te Āſīšstv kai évitſpfforew Tvpi vijas, ty c 2 ºf ./ 3. f *\ / of É' étu peppiiptſov čqeorradres Tapa Tâqipºp. #pvus ydp a qu èTñA6e trepngéueval pepačaw, alerós jºuTétms ét épio repā Āaôv éépyov, qowifevra öpákovra (pépov čvöxegori TéAopov Çodv, Ér' ào Taipovra. Kai oil to Añóero Xáppins' kóve yap airów exovto karū a rā60s Tapā belpiju lövoffels öttoral. Ó 3’ &Tô É0ev fixe Xapage A &Ayńoras Óðūumori, Héoº 3’ &vi Kág|3ax’ paíA®, \ r * airós be k\dy&as Térero tryotis &véuoto. Tpóes 6' éppſymorav, ŠTaos toov aidAov Čºpu keſpevov čv pégorotot, Avôs répas alytóxoto. A. V p ôň Töre IIovXvöápas 6pagüv "Ekropa efºre Tapaorrás' 175 180 185 190 200 205 210 IAIAAOX 12. 89 “"Ekrop, &ei pév Tós plot truträfforgets àyopia'w. êot)\a ſppa(opévº, Štrei oiºs pièv oëbè éoukev bipov iérra Tape: âyopewiſe, ºr' in 80% - otte Tot’ &v troAépºq), orów be kpáros aiev &éčeuv' vöv Ö’ att’ &epéo, ös plot àokeſ etvai &ptorra. 215 pil topºev Aavaoſal paxma'épévot Tepi vmóv. 6öe yāp ékTeXéeorðat diopat, et éréâv ye Tpoorly 66° àputs #A0e Tepmorépéval pepačoruv, alerós inſtitérms ét épio repā Āaëv éépyov, (pouvijevra öpákovta qépov čváxeorgi TéAopov 220 Çodv' & pap 6’ &qémke Tápos ºptAa oikſ' iréadai, oùö' éréAeorge qépav böpeval tekéeoroup Šotruv. Ös jueſs, et Tép te TúAas Kai Teixos 'Axatów fimóðueffa ordével peyd}\p, etéoot 6’’Axalot, où Köopaq Tapa vaúðw éAevorópe6' airå kékévôa. 225 ToMAoi's yap Tp(§ov KaraNet popev, oùs kev Axaloi XaAkò búðorovolv, Öpivvépévot Tept vmóv. 6öé X’ introkpívaito 0eotſpótos, Ös géqa 6vp? eiðeim repāov kaſ oi Teuffotato Aaoſ.” Töv 6° àp? §tróðpa ióðv Tpooréqm kopv6aſoxos "Ektop' 230 “ IIovXvöápa, qi pºev oijkéſ' pºol púa Taür öyopeiſels' oto 6a Kal &A\ov på0ov àpieſvova toûâe vojoat. ei ö’ éreov 67 Toârov &Tö ortovëſis àyopetſets, éé àpa Öff to èTetta 6eoi (ppévas &Aeoav airoi, ës kéAeat Zmyos pièv éptyöotſtow, Aafféo 6al 235 8ovAéov, Šotre pot airós iTéo Xero kai katévevorev" Tövm 6' oiovoſort TavvTrepčyeo'ou kexeſeus Teiðeoróat, Tów oi tu pºetarpétrop’ oið’ àAeyigo, eit’ &ti čefſ’ too. Tpos jó T’ fiéAtów Te, eit' étr' àptorrepā Toí ye Tori ſãºpov fispöevra. 240 hueſs be preyáAovo Atós Trev6épé6a 3ovXii, 6s Tāori 61m rotori kai ä0avátovolv čváorget. ets otovës àpiatos, Špijuegºat Tepi Tárpms. Túrre at Öeiðoukas TóAepov kai ömüorfira; ei Tep yap T' àAAot ye Tepukretvépe6a Távres 245 unvariv čT’’Apyetov, got 6' oi Öéos éot’ &troXéoréal' où yáp to Kpačin Heveóños ojöe paxiuov. ei öé at Ömioritos éq,éčeat, fié riv' &A\ov trappépévos étréego w &Torpérets troXéuovo, 90 IAIAAOX 12. airík' épiº jirô Soupi twirels átó 6vgåv čXéorgets.” “Qs āpa ºbovňa as āyīoraro, to 6’ 3p' étrovro fixi, 6eo Teqûm. éiri & Zeis reptuképavvos &porev &T’’Iöatov ćpéov čvéuoto 66eXAav, # ſº ióðs vmöv kovimv pépev airãp ’Axatów 6éAye vöov, Tpoorly be kai "Ekropt kööos étragev. toū Tep 87, Tepāeorgi Tetovéâtes jöé 3ſmºpty fifyvvoróat péya Teixos 'Axatów Teipſiriſov. kpóoroſas pèv Túpyov ćpvov, Kai épétitov čTáAğsts, ºrtfixas Te TpoſłAñtas ÉpéxAeov, as āp’’Axaloi Tpºtas Év yaín 6éoav čupeval éxuata Túpyov. Tås of y’aiépvov, Atrovro Šē Teixos 'Axatów firićeiv. ow8é vö To Aavaoi Xàſovro keMeč0ov, &AA’ of ye juvotoru Boöv (bpáčavres étráAševs 8áA\ov &Tr' airãov Šmíovs Tó Teixos ióvras. 'Apºpotépo 6’ Atav’re kexevrtóovt’ tº Túpyov Távroge boutfitmv, pºévos Órpúvovres "Axatóv. âAAov pietàixiots, &\\ov otépeois étréeorgiv veikeov, Švruva Táyxv påxns pºeffiévra têotev: “& pºol, 'Apyetov Šs tº €80xos és re peoijets ôs te Xependrepos, étrel of To Távres épolot ãvépes év troXéuq, våv čTAero èpyov Štraoruv' Kai Ö' airoi Tôe Tov yuyväorkers. paſſ ris 37ſororo Terpáq,000 tport vias ÓpokAntipos àkoúa'as, âAAä Tpéorgo teorðe Kai äAAñAovoſt kéAé00e, ai ke Zeis 8&now 'OAüutrios ào Tepotmrås veikos &Toorapuévous Šmíovs Tport ào Tv číeoróat.” *Qs tº ye tºpo60óvre påxmu &rpvvov 'Axatóv. Töv 6', 30-re vuqdāes xuévos Túrroot 6apetal juatu Xelpeptºp, Öre tº Öpero puntieta Zeis velºpéuev, &v6póTotov Tuqavakówevos Tā ā KūXa' Koupºiſoas 6' &véuovs Xéet épirečov, dºpa Kańtºrm tºlºmä6v ćpéov kopvQ,&s kai Tp($ovas ākpovs Kai Teófa Aotočvra kai ävöpóv Tſova èpya, kai T' ép' àAös troXiàs kéxvtat Auéow re kai äktaſs, Kūpa Śé pºw trpoo TAéſov ćpúketav' &AAa re Távra eiXúatai kaðūtrepô’, 6T' μ3ptorm Alós dućpos' Ös Töv &pſporépoore Aſbot Totówto 6apetat, ai pºev Šp' és Tpóas, ai Ö' ék Tp(§ov és 'Axalows, 250 2 5 5 260 265 270 280 285 IAIAAOX 12. 9]. 8a)\\opévov' to Öe Teixos ūTep Tây 600Tos épépet. Oöö' àv To Tóte ye Tpóes kai paíðupos "Ekrop Teixeos éppñčavro TúAas kal uakpov ćxña, ei pil &p’ viðv éðv Xaptmööva pantſera Zeis &porev čt’’Apyetovoſt, Aéov6’ 6s 80waiv čAtów. 2 / 9 3 / ^ p 6? ë p * 3.ſ. airika 6° ào Tíða pºèv Tpdo 6’ &o Xero Távroa” ion)w, kaxïv, XaAkeimv, ééñAarov, fiv Špa XaAkei's if \agev, Šutooróev be £80etas fiáye 6apetas / & / --- / M Af Xpvoreſts fiá8öotov Šumvekéolv Tepi Kūk\ov, Tiju äp’ 6 ye Tpóorðe oxópevos, Šío 60%pe Tuvágorov, * / 8ſ, fi’tuev čo Te Aéov ćpeo’irpoqos, Šot’ Tučevils * f / / êmpôv ém Kpelów, kéAerat 6é é 6vgös āyīvop A / V 2 * p 3. * paſſXov Teupija outa kai és rvkuyöv 66pov čA6eiv- ei Tep yap X’ eipnot Tap' airóði 86Topas àvöpas gºv kvori kai Öotſpeogt ºvXágorovnas Tept pixa, où fiá T' &Teipmros pépove otaffuoio 6iegóat, &AA’ & y &p’i) iſpirače peráApuevos, jê kai airós ë8Amt’év Tpg|Total 60ffs àtrô Xelpös ākovri. ey º / 9 2 A p V 3 * Ös fia tot’ &vrí0sov XapTrºööva 0vpds āvākev * 3. * y e / 3 y Teixos étraíčat Övá Te Āſīšag.0at étráAéets. airíka Śē TAačkov Tpooréq.m, Taíð’ ‘ITToMöxoto' “TAadke, Tim 6m vói Tetupiñuegóa pučkuota ey / /* 3 & N. 2 & éðpm Te Kpéagiu te ióē TAetous betáeorgiv • / y N \ 3 p év Aukin, Távres àe 6eois às eioſopóoortv; kai Téuevos vepºduso 6a péya £áv6oto Tap' 6x6as, Kaxov (bvraxtàs kal époipms Tupoq6povo. Tô vöv xpi Avkſovoſt péta Tpºtovolv čávtas êotápºev jöe pºdżns kavateupſis àvtuffoxfioral, 3/ ºn S J y / / 4.---- ôºppa Tis 68’ eitm Avkſov Tóka 60pmkrácov ‘oi pāv &KAmeſ’s Avkinu kāta koupavéovorty juérepot 3aoruxſies, Ščovoi Te Tſova piñAa otvöv tº ééairov plexumöéa &AA’ &pa kai is º / 3 A A. / / / 3. éorðAff, Tel Avkſovoſt pºéra Tp(3rovoſt pºdyovrat. & Tétrov, el pºv yap TóAepov Tepi Tôvöe buyóvre 3 & ^ / 2 / • 2 f aiei Öm puéA\oupwev &yſipo T' &6aváto Te êorgeot”, oùre Kev airós évi Tpºrouot playoffinv oire Ke orè a réºoup, paymv čs květáveipav’ vöv č’— pairms yap Kfipes éqeoTâou 9avátovo / à 3. 3/ ... º. \ 3 S 9 t A pavpiau, äs oik Šott (bvyetv 8poróv ošč’ traXášat— 3/ 290 300 310 315 320 325 92 LAIAAOX 12. topiev, fié tº etxos épééopaev, jé tis juſy.” *Qs éqar” oiöè TAaükos &Terpátret” oió’ &Tíðmorev. Tô 6’ ióðs (3;itmu Avktov péya éðvos ūyovre. rows Śē iðöv fityno' viðs IIereóo Meved 6eiſs' toū yap oil 7pos Túpyov to av Kakörmta pépovres. TáTTmuev 6’ &vå Túpyov 'Axatów, et Tuv' ióotto fiyepióvov, Šotus oi äpäv štápotov Špačval' és 6' évéma' Atavré Öiſo, ToMéuov čkopjra), êa raóras, Teókpóv te, véov KAtartmbev ióvra, êyyúðev. &AA’ of Tós of émy Bóoravtt yeyoveſv" Tóororos yöp Kriſtos ºjev, &üT) 6' oilpavöv irev, BaAAopévov oakéov Te Kai itſtrokópov TpvQaMetáv kai. Tvåéov' Tāoral yap Étréxaro, Toi öè kar' airås iotápºevot Telpóvro Bin fift&autes éo ex0eiv. atya Ö' étr' Ataura Tpoiet kūpuka Goðrmy' “épxeo, öſe Goðra, 6éov Atavra KáAeorolov, &pidotépo pièv påA\ov’ 6 yáp k’ dx’ &ptoſtov Štávrov eim, Teï Táxa Tijöe Teretſ&etal airs ÓAeópos. &öe yāp Spiorav Avktov &yot, ot rô Tápos Tep Çaxpmets TeXé0ovo. Karā Kpatepas àopivas. ei öé o qu kal keiðv Tóvos kai veikos épopev, &\\á Tep otos tra, Texapºvvos ūAkup.os Alas, kai oi Tejkpos àp' éo Téa 600 TGéov et eið6s.” *Qs éqat” oió' àpa oi kāpwé àTſ6morev čkoúoras, 8ſ. 68 0&eiv Tapó Teixos 'Axatów XaAkoxtrévov, otfi Öè Tap' Aidvreorgi kućv, etőap Öe Tpoormiſèa' “Atavt', 'Apyetov iiyūrope XaXKoxarávov, ºvéye IIeteåo Ötorpedéos pſi\os viðs keto’ tuev, Öqpa Tóvoto privvv6á Tep &vrváontov, āpºpotépo pºv påA\ov' 6 yáp k’ &x’ &ptorov štávrov eim, Tei Táxa keiði Tereſη altrús ÓAeópos' &öe yāp #3ptorav Avkſov &yot, oi Tô Tápos Tep Çaxpme's TeXé0ovo, karū kpatepas jap.ſvas. ei Öe kal évôāöe Tep tróAepos kal veikos épopev, ãAAá Tep otos iro Texapºdºvios &Akipos Aias, Kat oi Teókpos àp' to Téo 60 Tóšov et eið6s.” 'Qs éqar” oëö' àTſ6more péyas TeXap.6vios Aias. airik' 'Oixtáðmu èrea Trépéevra Tpoormúða' “Atav, or b6f Pºv at 6i, ori kal Kparépôs AvKopańºns, 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 IAIAAOX 12. 93 êoraćres Aavaois drpúverov tºp playeo'6al" airãp éyò keto'einu ka? &vrudo Toàégouo. oft\ra ö’ éAetoropat atris, étriv et toſs étrapºva).” *Qs āpa (povijo as āTé8m Texapºvios Aias, Kai oi Tejkpos àpſ' je Kaoriyumros Kai Ötarpos' toſs 6° àpa IIavöſov Tewkpov qépe KaputróAa rāša. etire Meved 670s pleyatºpov triſpyov trovro Teixeos évrös ióvres—ételyouévotoſt 6' (kovro–, oi ö’ ét étáAéets (3aïvov ºpepºvi, AatWatt torot, sº / t / 3 & N. iqbduplot Avkiadv jiyūropes jöé puéðovres" oiv 6’ 3&Aouro pºdżeorðat évavtſov, &pto 6’ &ürſ. Atas Šē Tpótos TeXapºvios àvöpa karékta, Xaptiſbovros ératpov, 'ETukAña pleyā6vpov, p.app.dpºp Óspućevrt 6a)\6v, 6 fia tetxeos évròs kétro péyas Tap' étraXáuv ŠTépratos' ow8é ké pºuv fiéa A 5 * / 5/ 9 / 3.S. N. . . . Y. 3 & o ºn Xeſpeara’ apporépus éxot àvip, oièë pax' #8óv, oiot viv (3poroſ eio'. 6 6' àp” in 66ev čušax’ &eipas, 6Adoro's 6é Terpáq,a)\ov kvvémv, giv 6’ 60té àpačev f 3 ºf * f 2 x/ 3 2 * 3. V Távt’ &pivövs kepaxfis' 66° àp” &pwevtſipu &oukös káTTea’ &@' jym Not Túpyov, Aſte § 60 Téa 6vp.6s. Teşkpos 3& TAačkov kparépôv Tató’ ‘ITToAdXoto ió Tegorčuevov 84Ae Teixeos inſmºoſo, à flº toe yuppoffévra 8paxtova, Taüore Óe Xàpplms. ăl b2 &Tó Teixeos &\to Aa36v, tva paſſ tus’AXavów BAñuevov &6pígete kai eixeró9t’ & Téeorgiv. XapTijöovri Ö’ àxos yévero TAačkov &Tuðvros, 5 / 5 3 A 9 2 p ey 5 3. Z / airík’ & Tei T' évômorev' àpos 6' oi, Aſíðero Xáppºns, âAA’ 6 ye Georropónv’AAkpáova Öovpt TvKñoras A ſº-5 2 3 × 3/ • * S9 ºf A P M vč’, ék 6’ 30 Tao'ev čyxos é Ö’ éo Trópevos Téo-e āovp. / 9 V / e f 2 / * Tpmvis, épºqi Öé oi 8páxe Teixea Toukùa XaXK6. XapTrnēöv 6’ &p' étraXów éAöv Xépoi o Tuftaphoruv éAX” i ö’ éotrero Tāora övapºtrepés, airãp iſ trepòev ** 3. A f & * P Teixos éyvpuð0m, Toñéeorgi 3& 67&e kéAévôov. Töv 3’ Aias Kai Teókpos Ópaprágav6' 6 pºv ió A zº. * Af * BeGAffket teNapióva Tepi o Tij6erort paeuvöv ão Tíðos āpaquépôrms' àAAä Zeis Kiipas àpivvey Tatóðs éoù, p.m vnvolv čtv Tpúpivno. 6apeſm' Aias 6' ào Tíða viſéev čTáApevos, oiöè Öuatpè y • /* - / / * #Av0ev čyxeſm, otvdéAuče 6é pav pepaşta, 370 375 380 3S5 390 395 400 *Jä 94 IAIAAOX 12. º f X&pngev 6’ &pa Tvrööv čTáAćios' oiâ’ 3 ye trópatav xášet’, ‘Tel oi 6v10s ééâtrero Köö0s àpéotal. A 5 * A e f kék\ero 3’ &vrièéotow éAuðápévos Avkſovoivº “ & Atkuot, Tí t” &p' 66e puebiere 6otſpué0s àAkīs; * & P A 3 \ } A 3 / &pya)\éov 6époi čo Tu kai iſp6tuº Tep £6vrt Af t Aſ / * \ f poiſvg fiméapévº 0éo'0at Tapa vmwori kéAev6ov. &AA’ qopapretre TAeóvov Šć to èpyov Špelvov.” *Qs éqa6” oi Öè àvakros ūTroööeto avres épok\}v póAAov étréºptoſav Bovām‘pópov &pſpi ävakra. y zº, y & A 3. A f Apyetov 6' étépoffew ékaptivavto (pdxayyas Teixeos évroadev, p.éya Öé o quot (baiveto èpyov' oire yāp idºffuot Aiſklot Aavaðv éðūvavro * t p *\, *A / Teixos fiméâpévol 6éo,0at Tapa vmwori kéAevdov, y 2 ... ? M M / 3 S / oùre Tot” aixpuntai Aavao. Avkſovs éðūvavro A N 3/ 3 V V * / Teixeos àil, Öoraoréal, éTei Tà Tpóra TéAao'0ev. &AA’ &ot’ &pg,” oipovot 30° àvépé Ömpudaordov, pérp' év Xeportv čxovres, étiéðvø év ćpoßpm, tº _3 2 \ A 2 & / 3 A. ^ y i &T’ 3Åly? &vi Xópº èpigmtov Tept to ms, ës āpa Tois àvéepyov čTáAćies' oi Ö’ Těp airéaw ëjovu äAAñAov &pſpi orſºgo. Boeias 2 Af # , A ão Tíðas eikök\ovs Aatorijià Te Trepéevta. ToMAoi Ö’ oëTá(ovro Karā Xpóa vmAét XaXK6, juév Štěp orped,0évri peráqipeva yuppodeſm papuapévov, ToaXot be 6taptrepès ào Tiêos airis, / \ / W 5 / ey * Trdºvtm Öh Túpyot Kai étréA&ves aluatl daytów idiºm º Tºyo, sº gº. éppáðat’ &gſpotépo6ev &Tö Tpgov Kai AXatów. âAA’ oiâ’ 3s éöövavro q68ov Trotſia at 'Axatów, 2 5 ºf e/ f *A * y jº &AA’ xvy, Öote TáAavra yuvil Xepvritus àAmóis, #Te o Tudućv čxovo a kai eiptov čuqis àvéAkel loſéſovo’, ‘va Talov čeukéa puodov ćpmrat. Ös prev Tów ém to a paym Tótato TróAepºds te, Tpív y áre 67, Zeis Kööos ūTéprepov "Ektop. 66kev &\ * 3. A * 3. * Iſplauſºn, OS Thoros sºaro Teuxos Axalov. #üorev 6é Ötatſpiſotov Tpdjegort yeyovás' º ôpyvoró', iTTóðapot Tpóes, fiftyvvoróe Öe reixos A * Apyetov, kal vnvaſiv čviere 6eo Tiêaës Tröp.” &M Qs pār' étroſpúvov oi Ö’ otagu Távres àkovov, iðvoraw ö’ étri Teixos ào)\\ées. oi pºev čarevra «, orgáov Té8alvov čkaxpéva Öoſpar’ exovres, 4 O 4 15 430 435 440 IAIAAOX 12. "Ektop 8' àpiráčas A&av pépev, Šs fia TvXáov éorrijket trpáorðe, Tpvplvös taxºs, airãp iſ trepòev 6&s ému Töv 6' oi ke 60° àvépé Öſuov &ptorra, Émióíos ét' àpašav &T’ otöeos dxAſoo’etav, otov vöv 8poroſ elo” 6 6é puv fiéa TáAAe kai otos. [Töv oi éAaqipóu è0mke Kpévov traſs &ykvXopañreo.] Ös 6’ 6te troupºv fiefa bépet Tákov Šporevos olós Xelpi Aagöv ćrépm, 3Aſyov 8é puu äx60s éiretyev, Ös "Ekrop ióēs oravíðov (bépe Aāav čeſpas, aſ fia TúAas eipvvro Túka o Tuğapós àpapvias, àukAíðas, inſmads' bowo, ö’ évrogºev dyſfies etxov čTmuouſ ot, pſa & KAmis étrapſipet. otſ, be pāA’éyyös ióv, Kai épetodpevos 8áAe pégoras, et Öuagás, tva puff oi äqavpórepov 8éAos eim, fiñée à’ &T' &pſporépovs 6alpods' Téoé & Aſtos etoro Bpuffooriſvil, pºéya 6° àpiqi Túat pºſkov, oiâ’ &p’ 6xies éoxe6érmv, gavíðes àe 6térplayev &AAvôts àA\m Aãos ūTô fittiis. § 6’ &p' éo-0ope paſoupos "Ektop wvkti 6ofi &róAavros ūTóTua Aéptre Óe XaAkó opepèa\é9, Tów éeoTo trepi Xpot, botà è xepoſiv ôoöp’éxev. oi kév tís pºw épúkakev čvrigoxijo as vögqu 6eóv, Št’ oraxto TúNas' Tupi 6’ 60 ore Öeóñet. kékAero èë Tpdeo giv čAučápévos kað’ ŠuvAov Teixos ūtrepòaivetv' to 5’ 3rpúvovrt Túðovro. aërſka 6' oi pºev Teixos Tépéagav, oi & kar’ airãs Troumrås éoréxvvro TúAas. Aavao. 6' éq63m0ev vijas āvā y\aqvpás, Šuaôos 3’ &\tagros érôx0m. 450 45.5 460 465 470 NOTES ON THE ILIAD. — — BOOK 7. ARGUMENT.-Hector challenges the Greeks to single combat. Ajax is appointed by lot to meet him. After a long contest, they exchange gifts, and part. A truce is made for the burial of the dead, and the Greeks fortify their camp. [The seventh Book, as far as v. 312, is a continuation of the former Book: even the short account of the contest of little moment (8–16) altogether resembles what we have in Ç. 5–36. The first single combat (Book iii.) is here referred to (v. 69 and 351) as something well known.] 1–50. Aéuaorav troAspitgeiv. Paris here shows a warlike bearing, because he is with Hector, the great champion of Troy: observe that puéuarav in Homer is found only in the perfect. #8& pudºxeo 6ai : see on v. 248, Iliad iii. éeXöopuévotoriv. This use of the dative participle expressing the leading idea in the sentence, and the chief point of comparison is found in Odyss. e. 394. Ös 6’ 3rav čawāorios . . . . pauſin, k.T.A. Compare the Latin usage, Sallust, Jugurtha, 4, “uti militibus exacquatus cum impera- tore labos volentibus esset,” and Tacitus, Agric. 18, “quibus bellum volentibus erit.” #6okev = “is wont to give :” the usual force of the aorist in similes. ošpov: see on v. 479, Iliad i. kauárq . . . . Aéâvvral. This is a parenthetical portion of the simile, and has no relation to the simile as such : observe that with yula (neuter plural) we have the plural verb here (AéAvvral): the rule requiring a singular verb, which was introduced into the later dialects, was not observed by Homer. &s &pa = “exactly thus:” see on v. 96, Iliad i. &v6' éAérmy. This is the schema Alcmanicum (so called from its con- stant use by the poet Alcman), when the dual or plural verb is used with a singular noun, and when some other noun follows to which it also refers: see Iliad v. 576. 'Apničáoto. This man, as it appears, is a Boeotian hero, and is men- tioned only here and in v. 137. *Apvp : a town in Boeotia, founded by Boeotians, after their expulsion from Thessaly. Some identified this place with Chaeroneia, others with F #2 98 NOTES ON Acraephium, and some have supposed that it was swallowed by the waters of the Lake Copäis. icopuyfirms = “armed with a club,” as were Theseus and Hercules. Compare also Virgil, AEn. x, 317; Herod. i. 59, vii. 63. aúxév' = “on the neck:” the accusative of closer definition: observe here the accusative after verbs of hitting. Avictov &yös &vöpóv. Homer appears to have been better acquainted with Lycia than with some other parts of Asia Minor, for he knew the river Xanthus and Cape Chimaera (Iliad vi. 171, x. 430, xii. 312; Od. v. 282). According to Herodotus (Book i. 173), the ancient name of the country was Milyas, and that of the inhabitants Solymi and Termilaº. In the Homeric poems the Lycians appear as governed by kings, but in historical times we find Lycia as a confederation of free cities, with one of the best-balanced constitutions known in antiquity. Their great divinity was Apollo Patareus. The Lycians were intimately acquainted with the language, arts, and literature of Greece. Their architecture and language were strange and peculiar. Sarpedon and Glaucus are its heroes in the Trojan War. Lycia resisted the attacks of Croesus, but fell before Cyrus. Though long under the power of Persia, the Lycians seem to have been little influenced by their conquerors. Bå Öa = “straightway went;” such is the force of fia (#pa) with verbs of motion. *IAlov eis ispáv : see on v. 237, Iliad ii. for the terms “Ilios” and “Pergamos.” 8è BoöAero = Attic SovXópºevos. qmy® = “the oak tree:” see note on Iliad vi. 237. étépañkéa = “granting superiority sometimes to one party, sometimes to the other.” Compare Iliad vi. 339, 7, Étaplet&etal &vöpas. Compare also Herodotus viii. 103, and the Latin term “incerto Marte.” Titte at 6' aſſ = ºri trote at 8) ač = “why in the world dost thou now again }” Compare Iliad i. 540, rſs 5’ aſ Tou, 60A0p;ta. traúa'apaev tróAspiov = “let us at once make to cease the war:” observe the force of the aorist and the active verb. Traùoal = “to make to cease,” traúgagóat = “to make oneself cease,” i. e. to desist. Trétava.0a = ‘to be made to desist:” see Porson on Phoenissae, 459. ême! &s = “since thus.” &s = “that.” * #v twd trov: here there is evidently an implied uncertainty of the event. Trpokaxéorgeral. The long vowel of the subjunctive is in the epic shortened for the verse, or rather the short forms o, e, are older than w, m, and were used by Homer, like the digamma, when the verse required it. oió6ev oios = “all alone;” so also at v. 226 = uévos trpos uðvov. Com- pare aiv69ev aivös in Homer; véa veóðey in Soph. Col. 1447; tıkpós âtéptirpov in AEsch. Prom. 980; and āpy; trepiópyos in AEsch. Ag. 208. So in Hebrew, a repetition is used instead of the superlative degree, which was unknown in that language. Compare Herodotus iv. 3.--of 86 k' &yagogueuot . . . . erópoeiav. This does not depend on #v (39), but must be considered an independent part of the sentence. &yagaduevo is explained by (93) ałóeorbev učv čváoraoréat, i. e. they would be induced to engage in single combat from feelings of pride and self-esteem. 3. THE ILIAD, 7. 99 EAevos. Compare Virgil, AEn. iii. 359: “Trojugena, interpres Divām, qui numina Phoebi, Qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis, Et volucrum linguas, et praepetis omina pennae.” Helenus alone understood here the conversation of the Gods, which he was enabled to do from the prophetic power he possessed. *Axatów Śotis &ptoros = 'Axatów, Tov &pio row = “ of the Achaeans, that one who was the bravest.” 50–100. śs . . . . Šir' &ncovoa = totmy útr' &covara. àpulouv čoukóres. A real metamorphosis into birds of these two Divinities must be here recognised: so Milton (Paradise Lost, Book iv.) makes Satan to sit in the form of a cormorant upon the tree of life: “Thence up he flew, and on the tree of life, The middle tree, and highest there that grew, Sat like a cormorant.” efaro = Attic àvro = “were seated.” ot{xes. . . . . yxeot treqpurcviat: So Horace has “horrentia pilis agmina.” Olm 5' . . . . exei'ato . . . . pplé = “just as the shudder is wont to spread itself.” oim = Latin “qualis,” and especially used of com- parisons. exevăro, aor. 1 middle. Compare Virgil’s “inhorruit unda tenebris,” AEn. iii. 195, where Forbiger observes, “inhorrescere dicitur interdum de tremulo motu rerum, quae vehementius agitantur, . . . . ideoque ed aptius de mari usurpatur, quod hac vehementiore agitatione simul eregitur.” Compare also Catullus' line, “Horrificans Zephyrus proclivas incitat undas.” This shuddering (pplé) of waves in a storm is a counterpart image to their smiling in a calm (Kvudrav yéAaoua, AEsch. Prom. 89). pleadven: short cognate form of Peñaivet = ueXaiveral, “darkens itself.” i.e. becomes dark. “Opkia pièv Kpovíðms. This is perhaps the only apology which could be offered by Hector for the violation of the compact by Pandarus. The original compact cannot now be renewed, but a new single combat may be arranged, not as a final decision of the great quarrel between Greeks and Trojans, but to prevent any further bloodshed for the present day, in accordance with verses 29–32. kakö. (v. 70) belongs not only to ºppovéov, but also to Tekuaipetal. Compare & 349, calcó, Tekuāpavro. Sapeſete = 6apºſite. Tpéaos éupieval: compare the challenge of Goliath of Gath, 1 Samuel, chap. xvii. v. 8. “Ektop. Stºp: so Virgil makes AEneas say of himself, “Sum pius AEneas.” étripáprwpos éatw. The étrº in such compounds strengthens the word in a good sense; opposed to into (as in Štrobudºs = “an under-servant”), which gives a bad sense. orápa = “the dead body,” in Homer, while 6éuas = “the living body.” * = Aaxeſv trouha wort (Scholiast). This transitive meaning of causing to participate is very rare, 2 F 100 NOTES ON Kpellów = kpeſidora' (da, 6, = dw). éicăroto = “far-darting,” or “far-averting.” (€icarov = “one hundred,” but áicarov = “far-darting,” &c.) trpotl vilév = “on the temple,” so that all might see them. Hector appears quite conscious that Apollo will give him the victory. rapyūgori (rápxos, tápxea = “funeral rites") = “perform the funeral rites,” not to embalm (rapixedo): see Herod. ii. 66, 88, and Herod. ix.120. TAare: ‘EAA matróvrºp: according to Walpole and Clarke, “the salt Hellespont,” which James (Dict. of Geogr.) considers too unpicturesque to be adopted. The more approved rendering is “the broad Helles- pont,” as the conception is that of a wide river flowing through thickly- wooded banks into the sea (compare Herod. vii. 35). The Hellespont issues from the Propontis near Gallipoli, the road of which is the anchorage for the Ottoman fleet. Its modern name is “Golfo di Gallipoli,” or “the Dardanelles,” the strait which divides Europe from Asia, and unites the Propontis with the AEgean Sea. kal éptyóvav &věpátrav: here kal is emphatic = “even,” not connective merely. When speaking of posterity, observe that Homer is particularly fond of strengthening the emphasis by the prefixing of kal to Šiptyovo or to éoro duevot. - ãvöpös ačv = “of a hero, in truth.” uèv is a short form of u}v, and is a confirmative adverb, to be distinguished from uèv, the connective, which answers to 6é. ºrb 5’ uov KAeós = “but this my glory,” i.e. my glory from this exploit. - ałSegºev = #6é00mgav. 3p} 5& 3% = “now indeed, after a long time.” - wereeitre = “spoke among them;” but trpooléºpm = “spoke to,” or addressed. weſket Öveiðtſov = “reproaching them with severe reproof.” aiv66ew aivös = “from horror to horror,” i.e. right horribly; after the analogy of oióðey oios (above, 39). Compare Herod. iv. 3, of 8& évéuſov ćuoſoſ Te Kal éé Öuotov juiv eival. ãvrtos élow = Latin “obvius ibit * = will go to meet.” iſãop kal yaſa yévola 6e = “may ye quickly turn into water and earth.” The Scholiast explains by eis iſoap kal yūv 6taxv6etmºre kal &tro8ávolte. Compare Shakespeare (in Hamlet), “O, that this too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew/” âlchpioi = “soul-less.” 100—150. víkms treſpat' yovrai, K.T.A.: “but, on the other hand, the issues of victory are held from above in (the hands of) the deathless ods.” 8 ei uh . . . . Aov, supply oré = “had they not restrained thee.” Sečirepſis #As xelpos, Šmos T' & pat', k.T.A.: see note on v. 361, Iliad i. où8é tº ore xpi rajrms &pportvms = “ and this imprudence becomes thee not at all :” observe that xp} = Se? generally in Homer. kal & AxtMets toūrq, ye = “ay, even Achilles (was wont to shudder at confronting) this one,” i. e. Hector. - &ppiye = perfect, with meaning of present, THE ILIAD. 7. 101 &AA& orb . . . . İçev = “but do thou, I pray, sit down : Iliad i. eſtep &Seihs r' éart: supply Hector. Even should he be ever so fear- less, he will have reason to be thankful, if he will be able to preserve himself in this contest, so little likely are we to be deficient in heroes to oppose him. Työvv kāuipeiv- &varratored 9at, i. e. to lay oneself down, in order to recover oneself from exertion. Compare a similar passage, r. 71–73. Compare also Æschylus, Prometheus, 32, Öp600 réðmu, &ürvos, oi kāurrow 'yóvv.–7, ke uéy oiud'Éete = Attic ºf uéya &v, K.T.A. Compare Herod. vii. 159, 7 ye uéy oiudºelev 6 IIexotríðms 'A'yapiéuvov rv6óuevos Xtrapriffras thv jºyeuovºmy &raraipúa'0al into TéNovós re kal Xupmkoorſov. às roté pº’ eipäuevos, K.T.A. The occasion when this occurred, as appears from A. 769–782, was when Nestor and Odysseus called for Achilles in Phthia. 'yevshv Te Tókov re = “the family-race,—both forefather and chil- dren.” &mö ue^{wv = “away from his limbs,” i.e., freed from the body. At yap, Zeß re ratep kal 'A0mvaſm, kal "AtroAAov. This threefold invo- cation is especially used where the wish is supposed to be beyond the probability or possibility of realisation. Compare here Virgil's AEn. V, 397 : see on v. 32, “Si milli, quae quondam fuerat, quâque improbus ille Exultat fidens, si nunc foret illa juventa; Haud equidem.” And also Æn. viii. 560 : “O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos, Qualis eram.” étrº &Kupótp KeXáčovri, K.T.A. This difficult passage was despaired of by the ancients. The stream Celadon (“the roarer") does not appear in the district which the passage requires (viz., between the Triphylian Pylos, or on the confines of the same, towards Arcadia), and almost the same may be said of Jardanus. According to a remark of Pau- sanias (5, 5, 9), under the word Jardanus, we may perhaps understand this river to be the same as that which was known to later ages as 'Akſöas, lying north of Pylos and Lepreon, and emptying itself into the Amigros: but, under the word Keādāov, there is mentioned a small neighbouring stream which unites itself with the Amigros in the same district, and near the Akidas. We must certainly not make this Pheia, the same as the one in Odyss. O, 297, which is in Elis. It is, perhaps, the same as Chaa, mentioned by Strabo, viii., between the two rivers, and near which the Akidas flowed. Strabo does not speak of a river Jardanus, but of a Aeludºv kal répos’Iapôévov (“a meadow and grave or Jardanus”), of which there is no trace to be found in the present passage. Fäsi ad locum. According to the Dict. of Geography (Dr. Smith's), Jardanus was a river of Elis, not to be confounded with the river of the same name, in Crete, mentioned in Odyss. iii. 292. According to the same authority, Pheia or Phea was a city of Elis, in the Pisatis, situated upon the isthmus connecting the promontory 102 NOTES ON Ichthys (C. of Katákolo) with the mainland. Pheia was near the Jardanus, which is apparently the mountain torrent north of Ichthys, and which flows into the sea on the northern side of the lofty moun- tain Skaphidi. It is to be regretted that the Dict. of Geog. does not even notice the name of the Celadon. * &ypóuevoi = &yelpénevoi. étrikAmariv = “by surname.” kficamorkov = “used ever to call” (frequentative of kāAew). oričmpetn ropúvn: compare Herod. vii. 63, 56traXa £ºwy retvNapiéva atóñpp (“mounted with iron’’). inroſp6&s = “anticipated by stealth.” Such is often the force of Štrb in composition = Lat. “sub.” - waxéo kero, #yvvaks, are Epic iteratives = “was wont to fight,” “was wont to shiver.” The Latins expressed this generally by a change from the third to the first conjugation: cano—canto, curro—cursito, ago— agito. ot, ri kpáret ye = “ay, (he slew him by treachery) and not at all by bravery: ” see note on Iliad i. 60. trepôvmorev: see bk. v. 425. 150—200. 99pubs.... troAvt.Ajuov. ... 6dpore; $ = “my mućh-enduring spirit, in its boldness.” 'yeveſ, 5è ve&raros = Latin, “natu minimus.” 8% uſiktorov kal kāpriorov = “quite the largest and strongest.” 83) has an intensive force before superlatives. troAAös Yāp ris, K.T.A. Observe that ris here partly strengthens the vague and indescribable notion of size, and partly introduces a contempt for the huge giant = “for a huge sort of a fellow he lay, stretched out, on this side and on that.” troXAbs here=plurimus, as used by Virgil in “plurimus urbi imminet,” AEn. i. 417. traphopos. AEschylus had probably this passage in view when he described the giant Typhon (Prometheus, v. 371), kal viv čxpeſov kal trapſopov 8éuas kefrai. oi 3’ evyéa trávres = “but those, nine in all:” so in Latin “ipse” is used to denote the totality of numbers. troAt trpáros &pro – “was by far the first to spring up.” tº 3’ &rt = “but upon that one,” i.e. next him, or as we say “upon his rising.” Observe the accent of the preposition, when following its word. 60üpty éirtelpløvot &Akhv = “clothed in impetuous valour.” Compare Job, xxxix. 19, “Hast thou given the horse strength? Hast thou clothed his neck with thunder $* Also Psalms, ciz. 18, “As he clothed himself with cursing, like as with his garment.” Moore (in Lalla Rookh) has, “had come to him, all drest In angel Smiles.” Shakespeare has, “Man, dressed in a little brief authority.” Tephutos intróra Négrap. Nestor is supposed to have derived this name from Gerenia, a town of Messenia, where he was brought up after the destruction of Pylos, and whence he derived this name, so fre- THE IIIAD, 7. 103 quently mentioned by the poet. There is, however, no town of this name in Homer, and many of the ancient critics identified the later Gerenia with the Homeric Enope. Gerenia is placed by the French Com- mission at Zarnāta, about three miles from the coast, where a castle built by the Franks rests upon very ancient foundations. 6taurépés = “right thoroughly.” The following Ös ke Aāxnaw depends on some such phrase as, “that we may see.” §v 6vabv Švägeral = “shall benefit his own soul.” at ke pöymol = “if he shall escape” (and would that he may). at ice implies the wish that the thing may be so. of 5& KAºpov čo muffvavro Šicao Tos = “but those each marked their own lot” = Latin “suam quisque sortem signabant.” This is an instance of the figure oxfiao, ka0' &Aov kal uépos: when the action of a whole body is attributed to each single individual of that body, the whole is placed in the nominative instead of the genitive, each part thereof being considered as in apposition to the whole : we have the same construc- tion in English, “they have marked, each, their lot.” év 3' 8&Aov, scilicet Tobs icxſipovs. Atavra. Aaxeſv : this is the elliptical use of the infinitive, usual in commands, and prayers, such words as éðexe, obs, K.T.A., being under- stood. by Šp' #9exov airot: here &pg is used in its first sense = “suitably,” “just,” from Špa = “to suit.” évôéča trágiv: see note on Iliad i. 597. qatólptos Alas : here we have the substantive transposed to the rela- tive sentence, by which prominence is given to that clause. So Cicero, pro Sullā, cap. 38, “quae prima innocentis mihi defensio est oblata suscepi.” ūTéoxe6s xeip’: because he, as being the last, knew full well that the lot must be his own. KXīpov a ſua ibóv : see the introductory remarks on the Life of Homer, vol. i. part i. Töv Prév táp tróð' éðv xauðis BáAe = “he let that (lot) fall to the ground beside his foot,” as being no longer of any use. otyfi éq' àuetov = “in silence, by yourselves,” or = “in silence, with yourselves,” i.e., in your Own Souls. Ajax at first wishes this, because circumspection is necessary before the enemy, and because the Trojans ought not to be aware of what was taking place amongst the Greeks. But immediately afterwards he retracts his wish, for fear that it might be considered a sign of cowardice. iva u% Tpæés ye, K.T.A. = “ay, lest the Trojans should know it.” &uqañímw = pavepās. Scholiast. éköv &ékovra : a frequent formula in Greek; the former attribute gives emphasis to the latter by the contrast. Compare Odyss. e. 155, tráp oilk #6é\ov č6exotion. This is sometimes imitated by Virgil, AEm. iii. 716, “intentis omnibus wnws Fata renarrabat Divām ;” 181, “seque movo veterwm deceptum errore locorum.” Tpapéuev, aor. 2, = “grew up ; ” but aor. 1 = “brought up.” With the whole passage compare Virgil, AEn. ix. 201: “Non ita me genitor bellis assuetus Opheltes, Argolicum terrorem inter Trojaeque labores Sublatum erudiit.” 104 NOTES ON 200–250. 80s, aorist = “grant without delay.” The accusative wirmy depends only on 88s, and not on àpéoróat ; hence a pause must be made in the sentence after Atavri. Compare the Hymn to Demeter, '?6, 6olev koupiðtovs &vöpas kai rékva rékeabat. &yAabv e^xos = “the ennobling object of his prayer:” here the adjec- tive is active. kopiča orero = ſcafforxt{eto. Compare verse 193 and 207. 5TràAv6e yuta ékaarov : accusatives of closer definition: in prose we should have dependent genitives, 5thavóe = “stole over by degrees.” Observe the force of Ömb = Lat. “sub.” 6vuòs év) orth9egori răraorgev = “his heart kept beating within his breast : ” observe the force of the imperfect tense. Compare Shake- speare (Macbeth), “My seated heart knocks at my ribs;” and Æschylus, Prometheus Winctus, rpaëta (p684, ppéva Aaktigei. Also compare Virgil's * fine passage, “exultantiaque haurit Corda pavor pulsans.” oùros éti eixey = “he could not any longer,” i.e., in a moral sense, on the grounds of honour. érraśćetov: so Ovid has, “clypei dominus Septemplicis Ajax.” *An évi. The preparing of leather appears from an ancient period to have been a manufacture peculiar to Boeotia. The shield of Ajax, accurately delineated here, performs even afterwards very good service. Compare 0.267, and A. 485. #Aage XaXKöv : the technical expression for working bronze = Latin, “ducere aera.” Bów : generally Boöv. Herodotus has 86. tć wou éotl taxatpuov, K.T.A. = 8to Hot &mdpxei TAmtikós kal ºrouovn- rikós troAegeºv, Bekker. kal Aavaoioiv- “even amongst the Danai.” (not merely amongst the Trojans). kai ust’’AxiMAña-‘‘ even after Achilles,” even after excepting Achilles. &qavpot = “ of little worth,” Lat. “pusilli.” The positive form of this word only occurs here in Homer : the comparative and superlative each occur twice. Rów &çaxémy: compare M. 137, 86as atas, and Odyss. X. 184. Taxatpuov troAspigely – “to go on warring, perseveringly.” The verb here is the frequentative and intensive form of troAegéa. The adverb is a lengthened form of taxaupos = taxapbs (from taxdw) = “to persevere.” étaščal adéovirirov &keidov, supply karð =“to sweep at once onwards, down amongst the trampling (or the crowd) of the swift mares.” Com- pare Iliad xviii. 159, &AAot' étraišaoke karð uá0ov, K.T.A. évi oraćin, supply §aptivp = Latin, “pugna stataria,” in which they fought hand to hand. We, too, say, “a stand-up fight.” pléâtreaffai’Apni : probably an allusion to the Pyrrhic war-dance, as it was afterwards called. &AA’ of Yêp, K.T.A. The sense is, Although I was well assured that I could have inflicted a wound upon thee, still I would not deal a treacherous blow, but, openly I will try to hit thee. By rotojrov čávra, he honours and recognises in Ajax a worthy opponent. THE ILIAD. 7. 105 ākpórarov karð XaAköv = “into the bronze which lies uppermost and on the outside.” The lance remains not in the bronze, but pierces even through six folds of the shield. év tá 6’ 35ouárm : with this singular position of 6é, compare Odyss. E. 120, €rl troAA& 5’ &Aff6my, and Iliad A. 470, €m' airá, 3' p'yov ćrüx6m. orxéro: aor. 2 mid, of #x2 = “stuck.” 250–300. orów 5’ reorov = “straightway they came to close quarters.” Töv re obévos oik &Aaraövöv = “and the might of those very (warriors) was not exhausted” (properly drained off). Te Epic = Attic rep. pléorov ordkos = “the centre of the shield:” this is one of that class of adjectives which qualify not the whole of the object specified, but a part only : so in Latin we have “summus mons”—“the top of the mountain; ” “extrema pagina”- “the end of the page,” with many others. Tuñómv 8' aixòw triX6e = “and in a cutting manner it passed on into the neck.” Tuñónv = prose form Tumrukós. The adverbial ending 5mw exactly corresponds to the English adverbial endings ways, wise, expressing the manner or way of an action; 6mv being formed from §6ós. érépetore 68, K.T.A. = “he dashed into the stone strength immeasu- rable.” Compare Virgil’s “incute vim ventis,” AEn. i. & BaA&v uvAoetóé Tétpq : so Virgil, AEn. viii. 250, “vastis molaribws instat.” As a general rule arérpos = “stone,” but trérpa = “rock.” ãortríð’ évixplpiq 0ets. The dative singular of the third declension, including also the participle, is sometimes elided. kāpukes. The heralds were a kind of seconds, in the single combat. We must conclude from this passage that heralds had extraordinary powers committed to them on these occasions, and they were considered as impartial umpires, to support the recognised laws of humanity. BA&ſe . . . . yotiva6 = “disabled his knees,” so that he could not walk or stand; 8A&T'ra has commonly this sense in Homer. airoakedov = Lat. “comminus” = “in close fight.” oiráçovro = “would have wounded each other” (middle). troAeußere uměč uáxeo 60y: observe here the joining together of the dual and plural verb. The dual is supposed on good grounds to have been an older form of the plural. tá ye āh Kal touev = “ay, that we all now even know” (to be the CàSe ). : 6’ 6m rexéðet = “but night has now fully come.”—&yaôov kal vvict) tribéobal : compare Virgil’s “serae decedere nocti,” and “suadent- que cadentia sidera somnos.” - 'Iða' . . . . ºceasiere. Idaeus is addressed especially, and by way of . preference, because he had given the command; afterwards the verb follows in the plural, because on all arrangements both heralds had to be unanimous. à trep &v obros, supply &pèm = “where, or as this one may take the initiative.” - - of tot agiu belongs only to étaipovs, and stands parallel to the pos- sessive oroús. at Te Aoi . . . . Šágovrat āyāva = “who in supplication for me go to the assembly of the gods,” i.e., will visit the temple wherein are the images of the gods, collected there together by the side of each other: F 3 106 NOTES ON but in Iliad x, 376, 6eſos &yöv is the real assembly of the gods on Olympus. Compare Virgil, AEn. iv. 62, with respect to Dido: “Aut ante ora Deûm pingues spatiatur ad aras.” sixáueval, refers both to the thanksgiving for Hector's preservation, and to vows for his safe return. Sápa 3’ because the contest was closed by mutual consent, neither could arrogate to himself the name of victor. Yet Agamemnon (at the banquet, v. 321) afterwards points to Ajax as a fortunate warrior (312, tºº víkm). This most probably alludes to Ajax's having wounded ector. 300–350. # usu . . . . # 3’ affre = “certainly indeed . . . . but even again.” Compare 0.383. év pixórmti Stéruayev Šp6.afioravre = “were united in friendship, and parted.” 6āke $ſpos: with this very sword Ajax killed himself, according to Sophocles, who observes (Ajax, 661), ex0póv ščapa, 5&pa, koik Övhoua. koxe6 re pépov. What we express by “with ” in English, the Greeks expressed by éxwy, ºpépov, of inanimate objects, and by &yov (“driving”) of animate. In Epic poetry this is frequent with verbs of giving, placing, by which the action immediately preceding the giving or placing is brought prominently before one's eyes. T& 3& Stakpuðévre . . . . 6 uév, k.T.A. This is an instance of the oxiua ka9' 3Aov kal uépos. iépévorev, 1 = “to sacrifice; ” 2 = “to kill for sacrifice;” 3, as here = “to kill.” Remember that in the heroic ages, entertainments were generally preceded by a sacrifice of the first-fruits to the gods. aforwaxóv T' &p': compare Virgil's AEneid i. 212, “Pars in frusta secant, viribusque trementia figunt; ” and compare Iliad I. 466. vdétouai, plural, like the Latin “pectora,” because the back, as it were, was divided into two parts by the dorsal spine.—öumvercéeoroi = “whole length” of the chine. Compare Virgil's “perpetui tergo bovis,” AEn. viii. 183. According to Herodotus, vi. 56, even the Spartan kings received the vörg (“chine”) of all animal sacrifices, which were made at the commencement of a campaign. The same honour is paid to AEneas in the Æneid of Virgil, bk. viii. 181. Compare Xenophon's Rep. Lac. xv. 4. ūq alwelv . . . . uitiv: see Iliad iii. 212, and especially Canning's §§ * account of this metaphor in poetry (Eton Microcosm, *N O, XX11. ). Toxxol yáp. The particle yap often stands at the beginning of a º indicating the reason, cause, or motive of what is about to be S3.1Cis rvicxhorouev, aor, subjunctive, “let us without delay carry on wheels,” i.e., carry in carts. Karakhouev airrots. According to Homer's former description of the customs of the Heroic Age, all the dead, even those who died at home, were burnt s on the other hand, the remains of those who had fallen in an enemy's country were buried: compare A. 174, X. 332; Odyss, THE ILIAD. 7. 107 T. 109—112. Hence Aristarchus and others have declared this passage to be spurious. Certainly the whole passage (313—482) contains many things which strike us as very peculiar, the wonderful quickness dis- played in the building of the grave and the walls (433–441), and the perplexing obscurity in the reckoning of time (421–441). éča-yayêvres, according to Liddell and Scott = “marching out; ” according to Fäsi, it is to be taken with ék reštov, i. e. = “leading forth from the plain to a height” = &yetv reixos = ÉAatively: compare Thucyd. vi. 99, and i. 93; and Virgil, AEn. ii. 460, “turrim. . . . . eductam sub astra.” &kpitov = &6tax4ptorov and traori koiyāv. tröpyovs SºmNoës = “(a high wall) fitted with high towers.” Com- pare 436. trouha ouev = “let us quickly make,” aor. subj., with mood-vowel shortened. Observe also that it is not followed by a subjunctive de- pendent verb, but by the optative eſm, as there was a greater degree of contingency to be expressed than the subjunctive would have in- dicated. ufi trot' étriëpform = “that it may not, some time or another, suddenly crush us beneath its weight” = Lat., “ne quando moles belli incumbat.” The aorist of the verb indicates the suddenness of the action. Tpdav . . . . &yoph. By means of this assembly of the Trojans, and the determination entered into by them (372—380), the Achaeans have the advantage of not being obliged to send an embassy to the Trojans with respect to burying their dead. rofouv 6’’Avrávop, k.T.A.: see Horace, Epist. i. 2, 9: “Antenor censet belli praecidere causam: Quod Paris, ut regnet salvus, vivatgue beatus, Cogi posse negat.” Compare also Livy, bk. i. cap. 1, “duobus, AEnea Antenoreque, et vetusti jure hospitii, et quia pacis reddendaeque Helenae semper auc- tores fuerant, omne jus belli Achivos abstinuisse.” Tpóes kal A&pèavoi : according to Iliad xx. 215–230, the Dardans were the older branch. 350–400. 6&ogev . . . . &yetv : the infinitive after verbs of giving, going, &c., corresponds to the Latin supine, and expresses the aim or intention. Tô of vö ti képôtov #uiv, supply total or yiyveral = “by that (circum- stance) there will arise no blessing to us.” &Atropiai ékrexéeo 6al, K.T.A.: this verse, as regards its grammatical con- struction and sense, is equally useless and perplexing. It was con- demned by the ancient critics as an interpolation. kal pukakis uphoraords, k.T.A. It is really difficult to conceive why they should keep watch, when they were within their walls. Trvkivöv ‘ātros = “an important announcement.” Compare Odyss. i. 279, truktvös $noffſigouai = “will suggest something of importance.” at K' 30éAwgi = “if they are resolved to" (and would that they are): the wish that the thing may be so is usually implied in aſ ice. Satuov, in Homer especially = the divinity that distributes good or evil fortune. 6ópirov čirst6, K.T.A.: this line is not found in the best MSS. ff, as 108 NOTES ON before said, the soldiers are in the city, how does it happen they are here made by the poet to take their meal “in the camp and by com- panies; ” it properly belongs to Iliad xi. 730. #à6ev = on the following morning, long before dawn, to reconcile it with v. 421, and the distance to be gone. eiväyopff : no doubt the Agora was summoned to ratify the determi- nation of the Boulé (v. 326–344). vmt trapā trpüuvn : here vnt is the dative for the genitive by the Schema Colophonicum. #tröta = Avyiſp60) yos : Iliad ii. 50. #vøyet: singular for the plural. This is usual when the verb is at the beginning of the sentence, and agrees with the subject nearest to it. at ké tep tupu (pixov kal jöö yévoiro = “if it become pleasing and agreeable to thee" (and would that it may), “to an exceeding degree.” trep = treptoroiºs. ral ét' offco8ev &AA Tiêeival = “and, moreover, to add something of his own, besides.” às irply & peax' &moxégéal. This is a parenthetical imprecation of Paris, through the mouth of the Trojan herald, still stronger than the candid prayer in Iliad iii. 320–323. On the parenthesis compare Virgil's AEn. ii. 190, “Tum magnum exitium—quod Di prius omen in ipsum Convertant—Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum.” koupiðtmv &Aoxov : see note on Iliad i. 113-115. By this expression (the same as used by Menelaus, v. 626), the herald uses words concili- atory to the Greeks, and particularly so in juïv, K.T.A. = “ay, in very sooth, the Trojans urge him to do so.” Atophēns, takes upon himself to answer the herald, on the claims of his àptorreſa lately performed. 400–480. 'AAečávöpolo depends not on kthuara, but on 5exéo-0a = A. 124, xpwarov 'AAečávöpolo Šećeyuévos = “from, or at the hands of, Alexander.” ovarov Šč, kal 6s = (kal totrºp 8s), “but let it be known even to this one, who is utterly senseless.” §trokpivoviral = &mokpívoviral, Scholiast. Homer never uses this latter Attic form ; Herodotus follows Homer. guo) 5’ ºriavöável oitos = “I also am agreeable thereto.” &pſpi & vekpoigt = “but with regard to the dead.” These words form, as it were, a first clause in the sentence. katakaléuev : supply abroës. où yáp ris petóð, k.T.A. = “for there is no manner of grudging respecting the corpses of the dead, but that you should quickly appease them with fire.” So Virgil, AEn. xi. 104, “Nullum cum victis certamen et aethere cassis.” pietàtagéuev = eigeviçeiv. The genitive veküov is either governed by getöð yºyveral, the predicate of the chief clause (as X. 243, umbért boºpwy Śata petàwAſh), or it is the object depending on usixtoo uev. This infinitive points out the aim or the consequence of yt yueral petóó. ºrb oftºn'rpov &véoxe6s = “he raised on high that sceptre,” i. e., the well-known sceptre-staff. This was done to mark distinctly the words THE ILIAD. 7. 109 of Diomede, as he called on Zeus to witness his oath (§pkia 8& Zebs fata). eat’ eiu &yopfl = #vro èv &yopff. &yºyex{nv &réetirev = “he gave a direct account of his embassy.” Compare I, 422, &yºyex{my &Trópaorée. āppérepov = adverbial neuter, and = prose form &pſpörepa. ge6 WAmv = “in search of wood.” uerò, a “ after, or in pursuit of,” with an accusative. Tpooré8&AAév &potpas : supply &ktiori, as in Odyss. v. 480, &ktioru ë8ańAev. Compare Euripides Phoenissae, 171, and Lucretius, v. 1103, “Verberibus radiorum.” Milton's Paradise Lost, bk. vi. “from before her vanished night, Shot through with orient beams.” 5uayväval XaAetrós fiv čvöpa Éicagºrov = XaAetrás oiów Te Āv 6tay, k.T.A. = “it was only with trouble possible, &c.” &vôpa škaotov = “each of the corpses.” Bpárov = “blood” (from a wound) = Lat. “cruor,” but 8poros = “ mortal.” juos 6' oit’ &p tra, #6s. This must be the beginning of another day. For a whole day from sunrise to sunset at least must have been spent in collecting and carrying wood, cleansing and burning the bodies. ëtt ö’ àuſpixiikm vić, supply fiv : one would naturally have expected here otte èrt àppvata or orkotelvī) vöö. The first dawn which heralds the sunrise was termed Aūkm, and the second dawn, or daybreak, was called Avkóqa's. There are still two mornings in the East, the Soobhi Kazim, and the Soobhi Sadig, the apparent and the real daybreak : to this Moore alludes (in the Light of the Harem), “”Tis dawn, at least the earlier dawn, Whose glimpses are again withdrawn, As if the Morn had waked, and then Shut close her lids of light again.” Teixos é6epav = v. 338, tripyovs 5/mNoüs. Thucyd. (i. 11) seems to place the building of this wall in the first period of the war, after the landing of the Achaeans. The poet mentions it here, because it is afterwards referred to as extant. £ir' airó = “thereon :” this refers to Teixos, hence he calls it (341) érynyū01. ºw &pvčay: here we have the accusative of cquivalent motion, analogous to the accusative of the cognate noun or cognate notion. of 5& 6eol, K.T.A. This is not an extraordinary assembly of the gods, but a regular meeting in the palace of Zeus, as in Iliad iv. 1. Poseidon is here especially, because he has some remarks to address to Zeus. By means of this brief episode the poet gives a new reason why the hostile gods should allow the hopes and wishes of the Achaeans with respect to the downfall of Troy, not to be fulfilled so quickly as they expected. ômeåvro uéya èpyov= “continued to admire the mighty work” (fre- quentative of 6édouat = “to see”). §atus . . . . Švithet = “who will again communicate his determination and design to the deathless (gods).” 110 NOTES ON rappov #Aaaay; so in Virgil we have “ducere murum.” By both these terms is meant “building in a direct line.” 3rt 3' affre (compare Iliad i. 340) = “that now again,” as a new proof of their rising arrogance (ö’ = 6%). rö ey& kai poigos, K.T.A. The detailed account of this is given in Iliad xxi. 441–457. &AAos kév Tus, K.T.A. = “perchance some other of the gods would dread to harbour this thought.” Teixos &vappāšas. The destruction of the wall is described in a far different manner, and with much more power, in Iliad xii. 10–33. éic Afluvoto. The Greeks were particularly connected with this island during the siege, in the way of commerce, Iliad xxi, 40; xxiii. 746 : they were also entertained with marked friendship here on their way to Troy. The earliest inhabitants of Lemnos, now “Stalimene,” were Sinties, a Thracian tribe; a name, however, which probably only signifies “robbers” (from givoual): see note on Iliad i. 593–610, and again on bk. ii. 720. When the Argonauts landed at Lemnos, they are said to have found it inhabited only by women, who had murdered all their husbands, and had chosen as their queen Hypsipyle, the daughter of Thoas, the former king of the island; by her, Jason had Euneus, whom Homer here mentions. oivtſov to - “used to buy wine : ” observe that the purchase was effected not by coined money, of which Homer evidently knows nothing. XaAkó: verbs of exchange can have, besides the dative, &vt) with the genitive, and Tpbs with the accusative. These lines give us the first account of barter in Homer. airfia, Bóegaiv - “for living kine : ” dative of price = Lat. ablative. &vôpatrööegori : an irregular termination for &vöpatóSois. It, how- ever, shows that Homer acknowledged the usual derivation (āvāpos Trots, as the captive fell at the conqueror's feet). Toys 3& XAdepov 6éos Ípet : see on Iliad iii. 342, X\apby = x\apotrotów ; so in Latin, “Pallida mors.” §Tvov Sãºpov čAovro ; see Iliad iii. 64. Compare Ovid, Fasti, iii. 185, “Placidi carpebant mºmera. Somni,” and Virgil, AEm. ii. “Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit, et dono divitm gratissima serpit.' BOOK 8. THE ARGUMENT.-Zeus convenes an assembly of the gods, and forbids any interference with the issue of the contest. He thoſe descends to Ida, and gives victory to the Trojans. Iris, at his com. mand, prevents Hera and Athene from assisting the Greeks. The Trojans, by the advice of Hector, keep the field, as night draws on, and kindle fires, lest the Greeks should avail themselves of the opportunity, and either attack the city in the absence of its defenders, or embark in their vessels. - THE ILIAD. 8. III According to the notification in Iliad vii. 478, Zeus, on the morning of the second day's engagement, now proceeds in reality to honour Achilles by the overthrow of the Greeks; and thus to fulfil his pro- mise given to Thetis in Iliad i. It is solely for this purpose he forbids the deities, on the strictest penalty, to take part in the engagement, either on the one side or on the other, in order that he might have it in his own power alone to bestow victory on the Trojans. 1–50. 'H&s . . . . kpokótretàos = “Morn with a saffron veil:” arém Aos here denotes “a veil,” not “a shaw!” or “robe.” Compare Eurip. Ion 1150. Virgil has (AEn. iv. 585), “Croceum linquens Aurora . ;” and also (AEn. vii. 26), “Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis.” Accord- ing to Damm (Homeric Lexicon), the more w8wal epithet of 60806&Kruxos is given when the morning is 80mewhat advanced, whereas the dawning day is called kpokóttetraos. &yophy trouha aro = “had an assembly summoned” (middle voice).- orq}= airtois. ºrdvres te 6eol trägaí Te 6éaivai : this expression occurs twice in this book, here and in verse 20, and only once more elsewhere, as in Iliad xix. 101. - white ris of v, K.T.A. = “ay, and let not any goddess or god endeavour to rescind that my command.”—Táöe épya = “these my designs.” &mdvev6e 6eóv é6éAovra = “withdrawing himself from the resolutions of the other gods.” . Compare Iliad i. 549. TAmºyels oi katē kóopov = retramy&s . . . . &eticéoot TAmyfigu. es Táprapov, where Zeus chained even Chronos and the other Titans: compare 479–481. hepéevra = “murky,” in prose &éptos, from &#p, which in Homer and Hesiod is feminine, and means, “the thick lower air or mist,” as opposed to aiéâp, “the clear upper air : ” &#p, post-Homeric, is masculine, and means simply “the atmosphere.” fixt 840lotov Štrb, K.T.A. = “where is the deepest abyss of the earth, underneath.” $no is adverbial. Bépeºpov, Epic form of 8ápagpov; hence the Latin “barathrum.” There was a deep pit so called at Athens, behind the Acropolis, into which criminals were thrown, similar to the Spartan kaić6as : see Herod. vii. 133. Afterwards it became the general term for a prison, and in this sense was adopted by the Romans. Compare the Jewish terms “Valley of Hinnom,” and “Gehenna.” Tóraſov čvep6, K.T.A.: compare Hesiod, Theog. 720, Téodov čvep6' 5"to 'yūs, 80 ovoipavés éar' &mb yams, and Virgil, AEn. vi. 577, “tum Tartarus ipse - Bis patet in præceps tantüm, tenditQue sub umbras, Quantus ad atherium coeli suspectus Olympum. Compare also Milton's Paradise Lost, i. 73, “As far removed from God and light of Heaven, As from the centre thrice to th’ utmost pole.” The Venetian Scholia contains a diagram, circular, and with five divisions, representing the Æther (upper air), the Aer (lower air), Earth, Hades, and last and lowest, Tartarus. 112 NOTES ON kpepáravres: this is most naturally taken with relpho'cºrde – “try it, whilst hanging thereon.” é; oëpavóðev. The poet understands by otpavos the whole upper space, into which even the hill Olympus, though belonging to the earth, reaches with its summit: it is also considered firm, on which Zeus can stand. oùk àv épúa'air' = “you could not possibly drag.” by always strengthens the negative. Tpóppov (= 0wuß rp6qpovi, v. 40) = “in earnest,” or “with willing, eager soul.” orelphu xpvoreimv. In this chain of gold, Plato sees an allegorical representation of the Sun (see his Theaetetus); Pope, following up this idea, understands by the emblem the attractive force of the Sun, upon which the planetary forces depend, and by which their system is preserved. aütfi . . . . yatn, airfi 6axdoro m = “earth and all . . . . sea and all.” See Herod. ii. 47, and Euripides, Medea, v. 261, airo’s pºex46pots = “house and all.” There is no ellipsis of obv, as some have wrongly supposed. The idiom is common in Attic Greek. Tógoſov čy& trepſ, k.T.A. On these words of Zeus, Coleridge observes, “Although the supremacy of Jove comes far short of the true con- ception of Almighty power, the characteristic point which seems to be fairly established is, that he is the active and ruling power of the popular mythology, the supreme and despotic chief of an aristocracy of weaker divinities, accustomed to consult with them, and liable to their opposition and even violence, yet, upon the whole, substantially aristo- cratic, and independent of any recognised permanent superiority.”— Classic Poets, p. 159. 8 rot a 6évos ošic ērietkróv = “that thy might is not capable of yield- ing.” & = &rt here. of kev 6% . . . . §Aww.tal (aor. 2 subj) = “who now happen to be specdily perishing” (force of aorist). Teoto, an anomalous form of orov, found no where else. éoù 8' ére&#gero biqpov. In this description of the Deity charioteer- ing to Ida, we feel the immense advantage Milton has over the heathen poet : compare Paradise Lost, bk. vi., “Forth rushed with whirlwind sound, The chariot of paternal Deity, Flashing thick flames * * * * He, in celestial panoply all armed, Of radiant urim, work divinely wrought, Ascended; at his right hand, victory Sat eagle-plumed; beside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder stored; And from about him, fierce effusion rolled Of smoke, and bickering flame, and sparkles dire, Attended with ten thousand thousand saints; He onward came, far off his coming shone: And twenty thousand (I their number heard) Chariots of God, half on each hand were seen, Ap THE ILIAD. 8. 113 He, on the wings of cherub, rode sublime On the crystalline sky, in Sapphire throned, Illustrious far and wide, but by his own First seen.” 'yávro = “he took.” Büttman makes it a dialectic form of ÉXero, as Alcman has kévro = kéAero: we often find the rough breathing changed into y. Some trace the influence of the digamma here. troAvríðaka, unrépa 6mpôv. According to Wood, Ida still abounds in fountains and wild beasts. Compare Horace, Odes, bk. iii. 20, “Aut aquosá raptus ab Idd.” Tennyson has, “O mother Ida, many;fown- tained Ida.” Tápyapov : the accusative of closer definition. This was one of the heights of Mount Ida in Troas, which continued to bear this name until Strabo's time. It is now called “Kazdag.” “Behind the valley topmost Gargarus Stands up and takes the morning.” Tennyson, in CEnone. 56–100. Beſirvov čAovro, because they had to march out immediately to battle. - &mo 6’ airoij = “after it,” i.e., the dinner: so Herodotus, bk. i. 126, étrel 6& &to beſtvov forav. See also Thucyd. i. 24. trägal . . . . trüAat: see bk. ii. 237, note. troXès 6' àpvuary68s àpdºpet = “ and in its fulness rose the battle-dim.” orêv 5' 8axov štvobs, K.T.A. : compare this whole passage with Ossian's description of a battle, “The mingled sound of death arose. Man took man: shield met shield : steel mixed its beams with steel. Darts hiss through the air; spears ring on mails: swords on broken bucklers bound.” ëv6a, 6’ &u' oiuwyſ, Te Kal sixaºh, K.T.A. = “ and here still went on together the triumph-peal of the heroes slaying, and the groaning of the slain.” (tréaev, properly = “continued to be.”) Compare Mac- pherson's Ossian as above, and also Scott's Rokeby, “Of shout and scream the mingled din, And weapon-clash, and maddening cry Of those who kill, and those who die.” &uporépov BéAe' #rtero = “the missiles of both sides hit their mark,” i. e., both sides were equally successful with their darts. Observe that &pgotépay depends on Béaea. 'HéAtos uéarov, K.T.A. = “the Sun-god in his course had reached mid heaven.” Compare Virgil's Georgics, iv. 425, “medium sol hauserat orbem.” kal Tóre 83) = “then, even then.” kal before rôre is emphatic, not connective. rāAavra, properly = “scales of a balance,” and hence éritaive = “he took broad, extended scales,” not “held aloft, or extended the scales,” for this action is separately described (in v. 72), Ake & Méorora Aa3&v, i.e., he drew the scales upwards, that they might be fairly and freely suspended. In AEgyptian paintings the balance is often introduced for the sake of exhibiting emblematically the mode of comparing together 114 NOTES ON the amount of a deceased man's merits and demerits. Compare with this the declaration of Holy Writ, “weighed in the balance, and found wanting.” Compare also AEschylus' Agamemnon, where Ares (427) is styled raxauroixos év uáxm_3opós. This passage has been obviously imitated by Virgil, AEn. xii. 725, “Jupiter ipse duas aquato pondere lances Sustinet, et fata imponit diversa duorum, Quem damnet labor, et quo vergat pondere letum.” Compare Shakespeare's King Richard II., act iii. sc. 3, “their fortunes both are weighed ; In your lord's scale is nothing but himself, And some few vanities that make him light But in the balance of great Bolingbroke Besides himself are all the English peers, And with that odds, he weighs King Richard down." Milton (Paradise Lost, iv.) has, “The Eternal, to prevent such horrid fray, Hung forth in heaven his golden scales, yet seen, Between Astraea and the Scorpion sign; Wherein all things created first he weighed, The pendulous round earth, with balanced air, In counterpoise ; now ponders all events, Battles and realms, in these he puts two weights, The sequel each of parting and of fight, The latter quick flew up, and kicked the beam.” Again in bk. vi. (Paradise Lost), Milton has, “Each on himself rely'd, As only in his arm the moment lay Of victory.” Observe that “moment”here = Lat. “momentum ” (for movimentum), the tongue of the balance, hence put for the balance itself. Again, in the same book, “long time in even scale The battle hung.” Notice that Homer's simile has not been eacactly followed by Milton and other imitators. With Homer, the more the scale advanced to Heaven, the more successful were the party to whom belonged the lot in that scale, and the lower the scale sunk to the earth (or to Hades, as he says in Iliad x. 43), the more unsuccessful would that party be. In Milton and others, this is reversed; with them the measure of success is in exact proportion to the weight : the lower the scale sinks, the higher mounts their fortune. Compare 1 Sam. ii. 3.; Daniel v. 27; and Job xxxi. 6. Éétre à’ affortuov Žuap'Axalāv = “The fatal day of the Greeks made the scale to sink.” Compare Iliad xxii. 212. THE ILIAD, 8. 115 per& Aabu 'Axatóv = “right into the midst of the troops of the Greeks” (force of Perú with the accusative after verbs of motion). aúròs 5” & “Iöms: compare l Samuel vii. 10; and also 2 Samuel xxii. 14. olos guipave = “solus manere perstabat,” Latin, “was the only one that continued to remain.” uſuva, is an intensive form of wévo; gene- rally used in a good sense, but uſuvé@ in a bad. firmos éreſpero = “his horse was wounded.” From what follows it appears to have been a traphopos, “the outwrigger,” to the right of the yoke-horses. lcâk kopvºv =katē kopvºſīv. 80i re rpätal, K.T.A. = “precisely where the forelock of horses is wont to grow, on the skull.” According to Aristotle, this is the weakest part of the skull of a horse. (30. Te = Attic of tep.) - &A'yºgas 6' &véraxto. Compare Virgil's AEn. xi. 638, “Sonipes ictu furit arduus, altaque jactat, Vulneris impatiens, arrecto pectore crura.” kvXtvöðuevos = “writhing.” trapmoplas = rās toū trapmópov #vías. From other passages we must conclude that this term implied all the other parts of the gear which attached the horse to the car, or the outwrigger to the yoke-horses: see verses 471, 474, and Iliad xvi. 152; x. 499. per& vära BaA&v= “turning quickly round thy back:” observe the force of the aorist. #víoxov . . . . "Ektopa : Hector, it appears, in the heat of the pursuit, seized the reins himself; for from v. 119 we learn that he was not without a charioteer, or “rein-holder.” kaicos &s év Šutaq = “as a coward among the rabble” = &s, Seixos év TAh9el, i.e., &s eſs rôv troAAóv. pſ, rſs rol: Supply &pg. &AA& uév’ = “stay, I pray thee: ” see note on Iliad i. 32. Toxtºraas . . . . 'Oövorosis. Horace has, “laboriosus Ulysses,” “patiens Ulysses.” It is difficult to understand, on first view, why Odysseus, who was remarkable for patient courage, should turn his back and fly before an enemy. We learn, however, from v. 78, that the bravest in the Grecian host gave way on this terrible occasion. Odysseus, still brave, only gives us an example of what the bravest do, when they feel themselves overpowered with the feeling that opposition would be useless, and worse than useless, when it becomes a contest against the destiny of Heaven itself, as was being manifested by thunder and light- ning from Zeus, on Ida, when “pale terror seized all.” One of the Scholiasts defends Odysseus by explaining oiâ’ 30 dicovore = “he did not hear” (Diomede). This is useless and wrong, for égékovo e = “listened,” “gave ear or heed to.” Its sense of “simply hearing,” is limited to the Tragedians. It is not a little singular to observe that Horace follows Homer in sustaining the excellence of Odysseus' character, whereas, in Virgil, the king of Ithaca is vilified by the most abusive epithets. 100—150. airós rep &v= “though by himself alone,” i. e. = uévos, as we should say, “there being but he.” troouéxotow éutx0m = “he mingled himself in the foremost rank” of 116 NOTES ON the Trojans, where, on the Grecian side only stood, as yet, the brave Nestor. This verb is passive, used in a middle Sense. #Trećavós: Scholiast &orðevhs. - Tpºol frirot = not “the Trojan horses,” but = “the horses of Tros.” - koueirov = kouettwo av = “let them take care of.” 6ópv waiveral év traxdumori: see Arist. Rhet. iii. 11. ā-yarāvap = “friendly,” philanthropic: compare the words otvyāvap, ãorrepyāvap, Öméâvap. It does not mean “loving manliness,” as some suppose. rod. ... àkèvriore. Verbs of “aiming at ” govern the genitive; verbs of “hitting” govern the accusative: here roi, is the object to &cávriore. Observe that ióēs qualifies prepaſoros, not &kóvriore. #xos . . . . #vićxoto, objective genitive = “anguish for his charioteer.” #vſoxov ué9ere 6pagüv = “he sought after a courageous charioteer” This was a main object. 6eetov katopévoto, “ of burning sulphur,” because lightning appears to contain sulphur. So in Virgil, AEn. ii. 698, “et laté circum loca sul- fure fumant,” where thunder and lightning are described as having preceded. q68ovöe = eis puyáv = “to battle-rout.” 8 roi = 3rt orot. # oi yuyvéakeis = “is it possible that thou dost not know !” Worrepov abre kal juïv, at k' é0éAmoiv, 5&ael = “on the other hand, even to us will he give (victory) afterwards, if haply he is so resolved” (and would that he may be). &vhp 5é kev, K.T.A. = “but a man could not at all thwart the design of Zeus, not even though he be right valiant.” key strengthens the negative. kal Sh, k.T.A. = “Ay, verily, all this, old friend, discreetly hast thou spoken.” Newman (Translation of Iliad). Śr €ueſo pogetuevos = “put to flight by me, even by me.” Observe the emphatic force of the pronoun here. 150–200. £6pm = Attic trposépíg. The honour of the first seat at an entertainment, or at public meetings, was one of the greatest marks of distinction among the Greeks. The Jews held the same observance to mark respect. - kpéaori: see on Iliad vii. 321. traetois Seráeororiv = “in full goblets.” 'yvvaikos &p' àvrº Térvá0 = “thou hast become just like a woman.” This, however, does not convey the full force of &virl here; better = “ thou hast had thyself quite exchanged for a woman,” that is, thou hast exchanged thy manly character for that of a woman. ëppe = Latin, “abi’” (in malam rem) = “away, to perdition go.” rot Satuova 540 w, concrete for the abstract, “the destroyer,” for “de- struction,” an expression, not used elsewhere in Homer. Compare Iliad ix. 571, ratól 6ópley 64yarov. - Stövölxa wepuhpičev : he considered in doubt whether he should do that which the following verse contains, or not : this second member of the clause is omitted, as in Odyssey x. 151, and elsewhere. b. orpéyal . . . . Maxéoraortal: observe the immediate force of the aorists €re. THE ILIAD, 8. 117 of Špa 6% = “those who just now" (relative and demonstrative). pivnuogºvºm Tis = rivl, ékáorrq ūuáv = “to each one of you.” Compare Herod. ix. 45, uvma 6 myal twa Xph kal épiet éAev6epdºorios rept. kopitãºv, poetical = prose 6epareíav = “attention,” “entertainment.” # éuoſ : supply airov. &qopuapreºrov kai orreóðerov. Here the verbs are in the dual, because the four horses are regarded as two pairs. Achilles also had a horse called Xanthus (see Il. iii. 400), Menelaus one called Padargus, and Agamem- non one called Æthe. Salò4Aeov 64pmka: these were the arms that Diomede received from Glaucus, and were entirely of gold; and therefore a prize worthy of Hector. Nestor's shield is no where else mentioned in such terms by Homer. airovuz = airfi Tà vukti, Scholiast. étriflmoréuev = €truſ&#oreiv = “to make to embark.” 200–250. eis ‘EAtkmv re kal Aiyās: two cities of Achaia, where Poseidon was especially worshippped. Zīv'. Compare Iliad xiv. 265, xxiv. 331, where in each case the following verse begins with a vowel; so that Ziv' at the end of the verse is cut off by apostrophe; this is the only instance of the final vowel in Homer's hexameter verse being cut off. airod K' év6' = “exactly there,” on the spot: here airod vôa forms one distinct idea, as in Odyssey v. 208, Čv6áðe aß0i, and in Herodotus frequently we have airrot, raûrm = “exactly here ; ” it, however, refers to time as well as to place. Töv 6', 30-ov čk vmäv àtrö Tripyov, K.T.A. Observe that here rôv 6' depends on trafiðev, and becomes more exactly defined by means of Öpiós firitav re kal &vöpóv. The subject to the verb trafiðey is formed by the clause 80'ov ék vnáv . . . . §epyev. Instead of &mö trúpyov, one would naturally expect uéxpt trópyov = “from the ships as far as the wall with its towers” = 30-ov petaši vijóv kai trºpyov, but the two distant points are mentioned by means of the prepositions ék and &rb, as if it were tſ, wºv čk vnáv, Tà è? &mb répyov = “from the ships on the one side, and the walls on the other.” Newman well translates, “Meanwhile, the space from galley's poop to moat beside the rampart Was filled with crowds of fugitives, horses and shielded heroes, Driven to strait.” ărpºval = “cheer on without delay” (aorist). The emergency re- quired immediate despatch. vías Axatów, which were drawn up on the shore in a half-circle. Troppūpeov piéya papos éxov, to serve as a banner floating in the air. It reminds one of the “tunica purpurea” over the praetorium of the Roman general, as a sequel for battle. kák' éAéyxea = “ye base cowards,” or = “vile objects of reproach.” Abstract for concrete, as in Latin, “opprobria.” Observe to ÉAeyxos, -eos = “a disgrace (especially used of “cowardice,” the greatest dis. ce in a heroic age); but à éxeyxos, -ov = “proof,” “ conviction.” See further, note on Iliad i. 230–240. qāuev = Éqauev, but papºv (oxytone) = (the present tense) “we say.” âtrár' év Aſhuvºº: supply fire. In Sailing to Troy, they left Philoctetes there. étrioteq Éas otyoto; see notes on Iliad i. 470, 118 NOTES ON Tpéov &v6 ákarów re, K.T.A. = “that each one (of you) would keep your ground against a hundred or two hundred Trojans in war.” Ob- serve that &v0 is for &vra, not for &vtſ. - &£iot eluev = “are a match for.” 6% iroté = Latin “quondam nescio quando.” 5% renders an indefinite still more indefinite, trapex0éuev = “pass by,” i.e. slight. 6mubv = “fat,” but Šiuov = “the tract of land,” or “the people.” rexelórarov Trevenwāv == “ the surest bird of augury.” Compare the Hymn to Hermes, 544, texfevres oiavoſ and gapixóryot. §éeakov = “were won't to do sacrifice to.” So in Latin, “facere” is used for “sacrificare.” travoupa(q) = “the author of all prophetic declarations.” The god of oracles, Apollo, was only a prophet under Zeus. The word āorga and ăuqº) in Homer signify “a declaration of the will of Zeus,” that of “voice” is a post-Homeric sense. The Scholium says, of y&p &AAoi Trávres into pital Atós eioiv, eſte §aſuoves ékeºval etre &v0patrol. 250–300. §t’ &p' ék Aubs #Av6ev Špwis = “that the bird came right from Zeus.” 3r' = 3ri, not 8te. Špa, when qualifying the preposition (as here), is best translated by “right,” “quite,” and sometimes by “all.” Of 3’ &s obv. Observe that of v is used by Homer as an illative par- ticle, only when combined with émiel, or with Ös, as in this passage. trpárepos . . . . Tvåstågo. Diomede was also the last to retire, as we learned from v. 157—169. ěčeXágal . . . . uqxégagéat : observe the rapidity of action implied in the aorists here. āpā8more 5* retze' étr' airó = “and his harness rang upon him : ” it was made of bronze, or bell-metal, hence we account for its ringing sound. Toſol 3' ém' = “and on them,” i.e., neart after them. etvaros A9e = varos ºx6e = “was the ninth to come :” it would be = “came with eight others.” traXivrovo Táča Titaivav. Newman translates “twanging of his bow's redoubled arches.” titaſvov is frequentative of retva or Tatva. Bishop Blomfield observes on AEsch. Choēphorae, 155, “Erant rôa traXſvrova arcus, qui nervis solutis non illicö eū6ūtovot, recti fiebant, sed in con- trariam partem sese flectebant.” Some explain it by the Tepeated bending, at both ends, like the Scythian bow (0). The bow was especially the weapon of Asiatics, and the lance that of Europeans, in historical times: see AEschylus, Persae. The word is plural, as the bow was generally made of two separate pieces, fastened by a ring in the centre. See the description of Pandarus's bow in Iliad iv. tºp 5" Atavros ordice. = “right under the shield of Ajax.” 5teśćpepey = “lifted up a little.” aërëp 8 y #pos : the subject to the verb Sörkev (= “kept getting into,” i.e., sheltered himself under); but on account of the inter- mediate, parenthetical clause, 6 pºp, k.T.A. (“his opponent,” &c.), the original subject is again brought before us in the words 6 aſſºrts idºv. eis Alavra : to Ajax for protection. étrel Šp = “just when.” Tuv Šioreto as . . . . Begºñkoi = “shot at and hit some one,” Observe the accusative, ’ with airbs THE ILIAD. 8. 119 kpúrraoke = “continued to conceal him.” ał Kév . . . . yévmat = “if haply thou wouldst become * (and would that thou mayst): here póws (pdos, pós) unites in itself two ideas, that of protection and safety (compare “lift up the light of thy coun- tenance upon us”) to the Greeks, and glory to his father, Telalmon. See note on Iliad vi. 6. pſAm kepańh. This use of ice paññ for “person” is very common in Homer: see note on Odyssey i. 343. In the Tragedians we have kópa used in the same sense. Horace has “tam cari capitis,” and Virgil (AEm. iv. 354), “capitisque injuria cari.” In both cases “cari” answers to the Greek pian. In the Bible, compare 2 Samuel i. 16, and Acts xviii. 6. The figure is called Synecdoche. - éükAeſms émigmorov = “now quickly make (him) tread the path of glory.” Compare Shakespeare's Henry VIII., “Say, Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory,” or with others = “cause him to mount on glory,” as New- man, “Now, in far distance though he is, do thou on glory mount him.” vá00v rep £6vra. Teucer was the son of the Trojan Hesione (whence his name), whilst the mother of Ajax, and the lawful wife of Telamon, was Periboia or Eriboia. arpeggålov : Eustathius Šápov Tſutov. êic rod 8), k.T.A. = “exactly from that time do I await the heroes with my bow, and send them to the nether gloom. icúva. Avorontſipa, i.e., Hector. 300–350. kal too uév 5’ &qduap6 = “and indeed it was eacactly that One whom he missed.” Aigiºux)0ev, “from AEsyme,” a town in Thrace. Kaorridveipa. This appears to be only another form of the name Kaorodvöpa = 'AAeëdvöpa. phicaw ö’ às érépoore cdpm Báàev = “but as the poppy is wont to bend its head to one side.” Observe the force of the aorist in similes. Virgil has imitated this image, and indeed refined upon it, without any improvement, in describing the death of Euryalus (AEn. ix.434), “inque humeros cervix collapsa recumbit; Purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro Languescit moriens, lassove papavera collo Demisere caput, pluvià cum fortè gravantur.” Compare also Orlando Furioso, st. 153, “Come purpureo fido languendo muore, Che il vomere al passar tagliato lassa, O come carco de superchio umore Il papaver ne’l orto il capo abbassa.” Our British poets have wrought out the same image. Milton (Odes) has J “But the fair blossom hangs the head Sideways, as on a dying bed, And those pearls of dew she wears, Prove to be presaging tears.” Byron has the same image (describing the death of Haidée), “And her head drooped as when the lily lies O'ercharged with rain.” 120 NOTES ON aúepúovra : supply Thy veupív: when he drew back the thong, he drew it towards himself to his right heart. trap' àpov, to be joined with BáAev, as the definite explanation 30 kxiſts . . . . kalpióv čotiv shows, and afterwards become repeated by means of the demonstrative rā Ā’. 0éov trepiflm = “running encompassed” (with protection). §roöövre = “bending themselves under it,” i.e., taking it upon them- selves. Compare Virgil, AEn. ii. 723, “succedoque oneri,” and 708, “ipse subibo humeris.” iorxta re yxovroës re : the accusative of closer definition after &m'rntal karátrio 6e. eūxerówyro = “continued to pray earnestly,” intensive and iterative of eixouai. Topyotis Šumar’ xov. Homer knows only of one Gorgo, who, accord- ing to the Odyssey (xi. 633), was one of the frightful phantoms in Hades; in the Iliad (v. 731, xi. 36: compare Virgil, AEn. vi. 289), the AEgis of Athena contains the head of Gorgo, the terror of her enemies. Hesiod recognises three Gorgons; he is followed by later traditions. 350–400. Kekaðmoróge6', paulo-post-future from khöopal = “to dis- tress oneself about,” and so “to care for.” Observe the force of the tense, - “shall we continue to care for.” of key . . . . §Awural = “who will happen to perish soon,” force of the aorist. Homer sometimes, as here, uses the subjunctive instead of the future, with this difference, when the future event is to be expressed with less certainty, “who, if we take no care for them, will probably perish.” filtrff, poetical = popá, prose = “impetu.” kal Aſmu of rós ye, K.T.A. In this clause are properly two clauses con- tained = “ay (thou art right), and may this one (as he deserves) soon lose his battle-rage and life, destroyed by the hands of the Argives in his own fatherland, (but even that would not aid our purposes, as) my own sire rages with unpropitious mind.” ordeakov. . . . k\ateoke, observe the force of these frequentatives: köva orvyspot, 'Atóao = “the hound of loathed Hades,” i.e., Cerberus, a name not mentioned by Homer. Xtvyös iſãaros air& 5éeópa : Scholiast explains by trpoo divrm kal &va,6ev katappéovra, fluenta ex altis scopulis descendentia, Compare Odyssey, v. 185, kal to kareiðduevov ×rvyös #6ap. The Styx was, strictly speak- ing, a very steep waterfall descending into the Crathis in Arcadia. The Scenery about it is that of extreme desolation : this circumstance, and the complete inaccessibility of the spot, with the singularity of the waterfall, invested the Styx with superstitious reverence. The Greek and Roman poets tranferred it to the invisible world. ëaxafle . . . . yewetov: these verbs of seizing, touching, come under the general rule of partitive genitive, as some part is touched. vöſ . . . . Ynèſhorel : a pregnant construction, because the verb here contains in itself the sense of some such participle as épôv. Compare Iliad xiii. 352, #x0ero yáp a Tpoolu bagwauévovs (Apyetovs). # . . . . kal = Lat, “an potius” = “ or rather.” kopéet (for kopéael), future, as v. 415, rexéet. - - trétraov uév, K.T.A.: see on Iliad v. 719—721. - tróAégov. . . . Šarpvéevra : Horace's “bellum lackrymosum.” THE IIIAD. 8. 121 &p' aivös = “right dreadfully.” - &vrmy pzegºal = “to go forth against me,” for Zeus must himself immediately proceed even against her as an enemy. Compare v. 428, Atos &vta. . . . . arrokepºiſelv. 400–450. oë yöp kaxå, K.T.A. = “for in no friendly manner we shall meet each other in the fight.” 'yviága, uév orgaſiv, K.T.A. = “That I beneath their chariot will lame the nimble horses,” Newman. karð . . . . §§a = “will completely shiver.” karð, adverbial. és Sekátovs . . . . Šviavtobs, either = €s 8éicatov treputex\duevov čviavtów or és 3éica. . . . . Šviaurońs = “about ten years.” tºp eiðfi, k.T.A., by brachylogy = “in order that she may know what the consequences are.” Tpármoly 6. Tāmat = “at the outer door,” or, “outside at the door.” Bporów ºverca = “for mere mortals.” See Iliad i. 574. Tô & ppovéov = “following his own peculiar feelings.” Trpos évétria trappavów.vta = “towards the smoothly-plastered walls.” With évôtria compare the French word “façades.” Stoke = “drove quickly.” éčíkero = “at last arrived at.” Aubs &up)s = “apart from Zeus,” to whom they wished to show their discontent by retiring to some distance from him. où uév 9my káuetáv ye = “ay, verily you are not wearied with de- stroying Trojans in the hero-ennobling fight,” which they had not entered: hence the bitter irony which at the beginning of the sen- tence is expressed by oi, piév 6mv (0%) v, being a collateral form of 8%, is always ironical in Homer, and is equivalent to the Attic Śātrov). 450–500. oiov Čučv ye uévos = 8tt Totov Čučv ye uévos. Tpóuos éAAage patólpa Yuſa : see on Iliad iii. 342. piépuepa: Scholiast aspiuvms āśta. TAmyévre kepavvé. Observe that TAmyévre, though it refers to the two goddesses, Hera and Athené, is in the masculine gender, a con- struction not uncommon in Attic Greek. &AA’ #rol troAéuov, K.T.A. These three verses are not found in the best manuscripts: observe that Zeus, in his reply, does not allude to them. #00s 3} = “just at morning.” àp0a1 = &pôal, perfect infinitive of Špa (Špyvul), “to rouse.” greſvet év aivorórq = “in a most direful strait; ” metaphorically, of need, necessity; not to be understood literally, as the contest was carried on in the open field, not in a narrow confined place. This passage has been objected to as spurious. , Zeus cannot suitably at the present stage of events communicate this issue to Hera, before the further development of circumstances justifies it. Aapatpov pdos, K.T.A. This sudden setting of the sun was evidently, according to the notion of the poet, caused by the influence of Hera, to favour the Greeks, who longed and prayed for it (šoragin, Tp(AAirtos . . . . vić). Compare with this, Odyssey xxiii. 243—246, where Athené by miracle prolongs the night. éAkov vikra = “dragged through the night,” spent the night. p’ &ékovoiv = “all unwilling.” G 122 NOTES ON év ka9apó, supply x&pg= “in a clear space,” further defined by 80, 53), k.T.A. – “just where any space showed itself among the corpses.” vºv ºpówny vićs, K.T.A. = “now I thought that I should destroy the ships and all the Greeks, and (thus) return to wind-swept Ilium.” &AA& Tplv = “but before that.” &m finyuivi = “at the rough sea margin.” oivſearðe orºrów T': this is a zeugma; the verb does the duty of two verbs. £6Aa troXA& Aéyearðe = “collect many fagots.” 500–550. Léoºpa = uéxpt. ka) 6.3 viſitta = “even during the night:” here for Ště vuktós = “under shelter of the night.” : trup& troAA&= “many watch-fires.” rvpd, plural of trio, only in the sense of watch-fires, as if of the second declension. BéAos kal otroël Trégon = “even at home brood o'er his wound.” As in Latin “telum ” stands for “vulnus,” so in Greek we have 3éAos, as here, for rpadua; the cause being put for the effect. Aéaoréal = orvaxéaoréal, “to collect themselves together.” âtmoſai = jiro Thy jià. Adjective for adverb, as in Latin “matu- tinus” is used for “mane.” etxopal éAtrówevos =“I boast my confidence in.” riotumv 5’ &s ríer’: ás is used in wishes here, as in Latin, “ita medii ament ut ego nunc lator.” - #pôov 3’ &0avárotori, K.T.A. These four verses are supposed to be not genuine; they are inserted from Plato's Alcibiades. ër T' épavev, K.T.A.: “when all the sky is breathless, And every lofty peak is shown, and headland edge and forest, And from behind the cloven blue, uncounted heaven bursteth.” Newman. With this beautiful night-piece compare Scott, “Soon a score of fires, I ween, From height and hill and cliff were seen, Each with warlike tidings fraught ; Each from each the signal caught ; Each after each they glanced to sight, As stars arise upon the night.” BOOK 9. THE ARGUMENT.-The Embassy to Achilles.—Agamemnon proposes to the Greeks to return to their country; he is opposed by Diomede and Nestor. The latter persuades Agamemnon to send an embassy to Achilles, in order to move him to a reconciliation. Achilles kindly receives the deputation, which consists of Ulysses, Ajax, and Phoenix, but remains immoveable. This book is closely connected with the former one, and has numerous references to former incidents. THE ILIAD, 9. 123 1–50. *xe pāſa : see on Iliad iii. 342. According to Damm, pika est in animo, pó80s est in pedibus ipsis. BeBoxſharo, for BegóAmvro, 3 plural pluperfect tense passive of 80Xéo, cognate to 8&AAa. The form BoAéa is used rather of the mind, and BáAAa of the body, as a general rule. Ös 6' &vepot, K.T.A. This comparison must have had its origin in Asia Minor, and is an argument in favour of the Asiatic birth of Homer. Bopéms: this word, in spite of its Ionic form, is to be read as the Doric Attic dissyllable Bóññas. Opſicm0ev: because Thrace extends over the whole north of the AEgean sea, and hence two winds may be readily said to come from that quarter. Mure (Greek Lit. i. 153) well observes, “The name Thrace itself is a significant term, indicating the geographical character of each district, a substantive form, namely of the adjective Thrachea (Tpaxeſa), “rugged,” by the customary enallage of the mute and aspirate letters. This epithet, in whichever of its varieties, suited the local dialect, was precisely that by which a rocky, wooded mountain district, bounded by a tract of fertile land would be designated, as contrasted with the vale or champaign country below. Thus the Parnassian or Heliconian Thrace was the mountain region bounding the Boeotian plain; the Olympian or Pierian Thrace was that to the aorth of the still wider plain of Thessaly, whence the name afterwards spread to the whole region lying north of Hellas ; just as the term Asia spread from a single valley of Lydia to the whole great eastern continent, or that of Italy from a small corner of Magna Graecia to the entire Italian peninsula.” - Töte &mrov = &trep &mrov, Attic. &uvöus = Šua. trapč . . exevav = “are wont to cast out and along” (the sea). Ob- serve the usual force of the aorist in comparisons. KAhönv : addressing by name, not crying aloud. Icukåågicelv = “continued to call,” frequentative of kaxéa. icpávn ue^ávv8pos = “a well of dark water,” either from its depth, or being covered over, kept in the shadow from the sum : opposed to iſãati Aevicó, glancing in the sun, or transparent from its shallowness. Com- pare this image with Jeremiah ix. 1, “Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears.” aiy{Autros Trérpms = “Storm-capt precipice,” according to Newman, whose note is worth transcribing. “According to the common inter- pretation, the former half of this line should stand, “Which down a goat-abandoned rock, i.e., abandoned even by goats; which is highly unsatisfactory. Liddell and Scott betray their suspicion that aigilips is connected with lips, a cliff; and if this be fundamentally the same word as lepas, a precipice, the p in the genitive is accounted for. On the other hand, that aigis, as early as the Homeric period, admitted the sense of a storm, is a reasonable inference from the verb epaigizo. I therefore, until better informed, accept aigilips as a substantive, meaning, strictly, ‘a precipice of storms,” or a ‘Wetterhorn.” The word recurs Iliad xiii. 63.” kaichu ätrármy : partly because the promise given at Aulis was not yet fulfilled, and partly because of the deceiving dream sent by Zeus to Agamemnon. G 2 124 NOTES ON reruméres = rerumkóres: used in a passive sense. # 6éus éoriv, &vač, &yopſi = “which is, O king, permitted in the Agora,” a sacred right (6éuts = “fas”) belonging to all of kingly blood : see Introduction to notes on Iliad ii. orol Śē 6tdvöuxa, K.T.A. = “Thee the crooked-witted child of Saturn has endowed differently from me.” To thee he gave greater honour, but no bravery. &ote véeq6ai : very unusual construction in Homer, who generally uses the infinitive without &a re. ei öğ Kal airrot, supply beißovral. tráp to 66bs = ºrdpearſ orot 68bs = “patet tibi via.” vài è", áy& 20évéAos. Heyne here compares Julius Caesar de Bello Gallico, i. 40, “Quod si praeterea memo sequatur (contra Ariovistum), tamen se cum solà decimā legione iturum dicit.” trépt = reptororós = “in an exceeding degree.” ârxeo = €réAeo, ŠtréAeoro = “ thou continuest to be.” réAos Puščav = “the chief matter of our discourses.” tráAlv ćpéet = “will speak against thee” = prose form ºutraxiv. 50–100. trāvra öuíčouat = “will go through.” = Latin “percurrere.” # phy = “in very truth, yes,” as opposed to oi u}v = “in very truth, not.” &qphrop, &6éutoros, &véorios = “without kinsmen, without fellow- citizens, without fellow-creatures.” Grote observes (i. 115), “These three epithets include the three different classes of personal sympathy and obligation. 1. The Phratry, in which a man is connected with father, mother, brothers, cousins, brothers-in-law, clansmen, &c. 2. The 6éulates, whereby he is connected with his fellow-men (fellow- citizens?), who visit the same Agora. 3. His Hestia or hearth, whereby he becomes accessible to the Četvos and the icórms: Tó 6’’Oövorets {{q}os éét ſcal &Akiptov čyxos éðaken *Apx?iv Četvoortvms trpookmåéos' ow8& Tparém Tvärmy &AAñAoiv.—(Odyss. xxi. 34.) The poet means to say that the lover of civil war can claim no just sympathy with those connected with him by ties of blood, by civil and religious bonds, or even with those feelings of a common humanity, which induce us to welcome the stranger and the suppliant at the family hearth, whatever may be his character, his creed, or his country. troAéuov ćirtómutov = prose form row toxéuov too €uſpvatov = “civil war.” Aeşāorðov = Aeºdorówgav = “let them be chosen out.” irošešim = “the means of entertainment:” observe that the penul- timate is long. Bovāhv Bovāečan : Homer recognises two cognate accusatives, one of the cognate substantive as here, and another, of the cognate notion, as in Iliad xx. 153, 8ovX&s unrudwyres. Tís &v ráðe yněhorelev; here réðe is used adverbially. Compare the expression of Terence, “hoc aliud est quod gaudeamus.” Tíðevro = “prepared for themselves” (middle voice). abrèp étrel régios, K.T.A. = “but when they had taken away from themselves the desire of eating and drinking.” Wirgil, in his several THE ILIAD. 9. 125 imitations of this line, takes no notice of drinking ; in some cases he mentions the eating twice over, “Postauam exempta fames, et amor compressus edendi.” 5 ūqaively . . . . pºſitiv = “weave (the web) of counsel.” See Iliad ii. 212. év a ol uév Año, oréo 3’ &péopal = Virgil’s, “A te principium, tibi desinet,” and Horace's “Primă dicte mihi, summâ dicende Camená.” So Milton, - “Him first, him last, him midst, and without end.” Fäsi interprets the passage thus, “As I have ended with thee (men- tioned thee last at my former speech, v. 69), so now I will commence with thee, I will direct my remarks to thee, before all others. The tense Affa, is attracted into the same tense as the principal verb āpāopal.” 100—150, eis &ya.0óv = “for good:” here eis shows the mental aim or purpose. Compare the phrase eſs Ti; a “for what?” oréo 6’ &etal, &rri kev Špxm = “but that will depend on thee, what- ever it be that (the adviser) initiates,” i.e., all the honour will revert to thyself, and so, virtually, the last decision rests in thy hands. éºéti Toi) = &ri ék Totºrov too xpóvov, Šte. où ri kað’ huérepôt ye v6ov = “ay, and not at all after my mind:” this we see in Iliad i. 254, 275. àpeográuevot (from épéako, Śpa) = “having conciliated,” or “having made up (the quarrel);” the latter is the preferable rendering, as it is nearer the first sense of the word, and is, besides, supported by v. 120, infră. *- Jeff30s . . . . karéNečas = “laid down falsely.” Vedāos is used for the adverb. Compare Juvenal's term, “Signator falso.” éu&s &tas . . . . &ao dumv. Here we cannot do better than transcribe the valuable remarks of Colonel Mure (Language and Literature of Ancient Greece, i. 318): “Até denotes, in its narrower sense, Evil or Sin, combined with mental delusion, but admits of a variety of signifi- cations, according to the degree in which those fundamental ideas may be modified. Sometimes it indicates calamity produced by crime or folly; sometimes vice or delusion without reference to their con- sequences. As a member of the poetical Pantheon, Até is the Evil Genius, Satan, or Tempter, by whom men, or even gods, are seduced into actions involving future shame and remorse. She is, in fact, a type of the prominent failing in Agamemnon's character. Accordingly, out of about thirty occasions in which the term occurs in the Iliad, it has been used no less than twenty-four with especial reference to his conduct, while of the remaining examples, it has been but rarely, and quite incidentally, connected with the name of any other person or object. The greater proportion of cases are in the hero's own appeals to the power of the demon in palliation of his errors, according to the practice, so familiar with Homer's warriors, of fastening the blame of their own misconduct on their objects of superstitious worship. In connection with Agamemnon and his affairs, the phrase occurs in Iliad 126 ..' NOTES ON i. 412; ii. 111 ; viii. 237; ix. 18, 115, 504, 505, 512; xvi. 274; xix. 88, 91, 126, 129, 136, 170. As a verb in viii. 237; ix. 116, 119 ; xix. 91, 95, 113, 129, 136. It is only once used in a general sense, xxiv. 480.” This is one out of the many able arguments of Mure in favour of that unity of design, which could only emanate from a single artist. In v. 508, infră, we find Homer personifying this power of weak and wicked infatuation, in a very beautiful allegory. It is not a little singular to observe how fond Shakespeare seems of introducing this goddess into his poetry. In Love's Labour Lost, v. 2, “More A tes, more Ates, stir them on stir them on 1 * In Much Ado about Nothing, “You shall find her the infernal Ate in good apparel.” In King John, “an Ate stirring him to blood and strife.” In Julius Caesar we have, “with Ate by his side, come hot from hell.” In the Greek tragedians she appears in rather a different light from that in which Homer represents her. With them, she is the avenger of evil deeds, and inflicts just punishments upon the offenders, and on their pos- terity, (see AEschylus, Choephorae, 381,) so that here her character is almost the same as that of Nemesis and Erinnys. It is after this con- ception that Shakespeare has represented her, and not after the Homeric. Observe that Até appears most prominent in AEschylus, and least in Euripides, with whom the conception of Diké (Justice) is more fully developed. &mápovs Tptiročas. There were three kinds of tripod. 1. A three- legged (ºrptirovs) table, chiefly used at entertainments to hold the crater, or punch-bowl, probably moved on castors: see Iliad xviii. 357. 2. A three-legged pot of bronze to boil meat; generally of great value, and offered as prizes in the public games: see Iliad xxiii. 264, 702, 703. 3. A three-legged bronze altar, with three rings at the top, to serve as handles (otſara, Iliad xviii. 378). Here some understand &Túpous Tp(- Troöas as = “three-legged pots, untouched by the fire,” i. e., quite new : it seems, however, better to take the passage as = “three-legged tables or stands, not destimed for the fire,” since the epithet here (&Túpovs) seems to be used to distinguish this particular kind of tripod, “not destined for the fire,” from the other two kinds, recognised by Homer, which were destined for the fire. xpvooto tdNavra. = “weighed out masses of gold.” Tmºyotºs = “plump,” i.e., well-fed. Scholiast eitpaqets, â9A046povs, not = “victors in the race,” for this is fully expressed by o? &é0Ata trooralv &povºro, but =“race-horses.” See Iliad xi. 699. Newman correctly renders it, “twelve prize-bearing racers.” of icev &Aftos én áviip = “he could not possibly be a poor man.” Observe that key (śv) always strengthens the negation. &Años, either = “without booty" (usually referring to herds of cattle), from Amīm (Aeta), “booty,” or = “without land,” lackland, from Añov, “cultivated land.” The Scholiast makes &Afftos = 6 &vew Aetas. Compare Iliad v. 613, troXukthuaju, troAvníos. ăučuova èpy eiðvías = “skilled in honourable accomplishments.” *Aew airós, i.e., Achilles: see infră, 326. Pietà 6’ eageral = “but among them shall be.” Briséis was to be given up in company with the Lesbian women, because of her surpassing beauty, though from Lyrnessus, not from Lesbos : the sense of “ in addition,” given to getö, is unwarranted by Homeric usage. THE ILIAD. 9. 127 # 6éuis &v0p6trov tréAet, K.T.A. = “as is wont to be the custom of human beings, both men and women.” oš0ap &poſſpns = “udder-soil,” Newman, i.e., rich, fruitful land. of 6ap properly = “the breast of a female.” Compare in Latin, “ubera terrae,” and “uberglebae.” Tm25 yetos: see note on bk. iii. 160–180. Xpwaróðepus kal Aaoğticm kal 'Iqbiávagora. These three daughters of Agamemnon are called Chrysothemis, Iphigenia, and Electra in the Orestes of Euripides. According to Eustathius, Laodice corresponds to the Electra of the Tragedians, and Iphianassa to Iphigenia. Lucro- tius, in describing the sacrifice at Aulis (of which Homer evidently knew nothing), uses the Homeric term, “Aulide quo pacto Trivial virginis aram Iphianassaco turpărunt sanguine foedè Ductores Danaum delecti, prima virorum.” - &yāo 60 = “let him lead away in marriage.” Compare the Latin expression (of the husband) “in matrimonio ducere.” &váeóvov = “without presents (āva) from the bridegroom.” Suitors generally made handsome presents to the bride's father, to induce him to grant his daughter in marriage (Iliad xi. 244, xvi. 178); and so, to give the daughter without àva, as here, was the highest compliment that could be paid to the intended son-in-law (see Iliad xiii. 366). Accord- ing to Tacitus, among the ancient Germans, the husband gave presents not to his wife's father, but to herself. The customs of the early Jews were completely Homeric in this respect (see the case of Shechem, of Dinah, and of others). The same custom prevailed in the Middle Ages among the Lombards (whose “mundium” answered to the Greek ãva), and also among the Danes, Swedes, and the Saxons. The Danes called the bride “a mund-bought, or mund-given woman; ” and, according to King Ethelbert's laws, this mund was often paid in cattle : so the Saxon daughters were trap6évol &Aqeq (Bouat (Iliad xviii. 593). KapòauðAmy, k, t.A. These are all cities of Messenia, on the sea- coast. véarat (contracted form of veðtata) = “most distant,” “bordering.” Compare the use of the Latin “novissimae" for “extremac.” Generally Homer prefers the form vetaros. 150–200. of ké . . . . tiphorovaſiv. According to Jelf (Greek Grammar) kē (āv) with the indicative future, as here, represents the future event in a dependent clause, as certain, under some particular conditions. Here the sense evidently is = “who will surely honour him, as a god (provided only he will go to them).” Sortvmat = “gifts” (given by the subject to the sovereign). Compare Hesiod's expressive BaolAñas 6a popáyovs. So Tacitus, of the German kings, “Mosest civitatibus ultrö ac viritim conferre principibus, vel . armentorum vel frugum, quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessi- tatibus subvenit.” According to Herodotus (bk. iii. 89), the revenue of the Persian kings before Darius consisted only of what were called 6&pa, or presents. In the European monarchies of the Middle Ages, “free-gifts,” or “feudal aids,” or “benevolences,” preceded and originated the regular taxes: So too the “aides,” in the old French monarchy. - 128 NOTES ON ºrexéovo. 9éutorras = “pay dues,” i.e., fixed tribute. Atôms to &pietàixos. Compare Virgil, Georg. iv. 469, “Manesque adiit, regemgue tremendum, Nesciaque humanis precibus manswescere corda.” &rtópouai (exactly) = “I will see to it,” “I will look to it.” Eüpw8árms: this is a delicate stroke of the poet. It would have been bad taste to send the heralds of Agamemnon, Talthybius and Eury- loates, who had taken away Briseis from Achilles: therefore be sends Odius, a herald not before mentioned, and with him Eurybates, the herald of Ulysses. (See Iliad ii. 184.) eignuſſia at Te kéAegós = “proclaim well-omened silence,” Newman, The command evidently is, to refrain from expressions wmlucky or un- suitable to the solemnity of the occasion, which, by offending the god, might defeat the object of their supplications. Compare Horace, “malë ominatis parcere verbis.” at k exchan = “if he may take instant pity on us” (and would that he may). Observe the force of the aorist. -- koúpot be kpmrūpas, K.T.A.: see notes on Iliad i. 470—478. Sevö(NAov = “looking wistfully,” from Suvelv and iXAos = “ oculus.” T& 8& Bármv. The dual is used, as pairs are spoken of Tró2.lv 'Hetſovos, i. e. Thebe. See Iliad ii. 691. airfi göv póppuy'yi = “lyre in hand.” - Seikvěuevos = “welcoming,” properly, “giving one's hand to ” = the prose form Šešićgevos. # tu pidAa xped = “ of a truth, something is much needed.” This is really a parenthesis in the speech. The following sentence, dt wou, ic.T.A., continues and strengthens à pińot &vöpes incóvetov, which went before. 200–250. Çopórepov, poetical = prose àkpótepov, Latin “vinum meracius,” “purer wine,” i.e., with less water in it: this is a method of showing honour to the guest. oi = ośrot, the subject of the sentence; pixtatoi ävöpes forms the predicate. év Tupos airyfi = “in the blaze of the fire,” i.e., near the fire. argao'e 6 &Aös = “sprinkled some salt” (partitive genitive). Toixov too &répoid = “at the wall opposite.” The genitive of place is almost wholly confined to poetry, the place being considered as antecedent to the notion of the verb. veto' Atas Potvikl, K.T.A. Ajax writes to Phoenix, to speak, without doubt, as being the elder, and on friendly terms with Achilles, but Odysseus commences the conversation himself, because he considers it would be better to reserve the weight of Phoenix's influence to the close of the interview. - Setàekt’ ‘Axixãa = “pledged Achilles;” 3rd singular pluperfect middle from Seſkvvut, “to show,” and so, “to stretch out the hand or cup to each other in drinking.” Salvvoróat depends on the foregoing trópa = traperri. év Bouff, supply €opév. The two dependent verbs stand in the infinitive mood, as if after uépumptgo. In the verbs orga'a'éuev (aorist Epic = oraćoal) # &toxéo 6a, the construction changes, because vias is the object to the former verb, and the subject to the latter. THE ILIAD. 9. 129 6üoreal &Akāv = “clothe thyself with thy might.” Compare the phrase (Homeric) boºpiv ćrieuévol &Akāv, and the Latin terms, “for- titudinem induere,” “ardorem induere.” aßAlv č9evro = “have placed for themselves a night-tent: the force of the middle here. où6 &ri paalv oxhoreo.6ai = “and they think that we shall no longer keep our ground.” &npa köpuuBa = “the extreme end of the stern, and the figures attached thereto,” elsewhere &pkaara. Observe that &kpootéâta, or “figure-heads,” are not meant here. wańepot trupós = “with devouring fire:” the material genitive, common in old and Epic Greek, but comparatively lost in Attic. ºins to Heyne, trip ua Nepov always = “fire that consumes timber.” &AA’ &vg = “rouse thee, I pray: ” such is the force of &AA& with the imperative; &va = &váorrmøl, observe the accent. &vö -“upwards,” pre- positional adverb. épêea 9at Širo Tpéav ćpoplay800 = “rescue from under the roaring (crowd) of Trojans.” - où6é te užixos = prose form &phzavóv čari : construe = “There are no means of finding a cure for the evil that has been done.” 250–300. & Trémov, 7 uév got ye, K.T.A. = “O gentle friend ay, verily, Peleus, thy sire, laid a charge on thee, on that eventful day when he sent thee from Phthia to Agamemnon.” at 5& Meyaxfiropa 0wpov taxelv čv oth9eroi: here we have the infinitive for the imperative. Compare Horace, Epist. i. 2, 62, ” observe “Animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat; hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce catenis.” traße' = tračeo = tradov = “check thyself.” Imperative middle. MetaAA#avri xóAoto = “on changing and ceasing from thy anger.” at uév uev škovgov = “now, even now listen to me” (the force of the aorist). * uáAAov = uáAa ék Kipos = “from the bottom of thy heart.” 300–350. śirel &v učAa rot axe5öv čA604 – “since he would come near enough to thee.” xp) pºv, K.T.A. “It is now my duty to utter this my speech in an off-hand manner, and with indifference (as to consequences), exactly as I now think it, and as it shall be accomplished.” This quiet and deliberate opening shows the inflexible resolve of Achilles. &mAeyéa's = &mb &Aéya, “ nihil curare,” Latin. às aft uot rpüçnre, k.T.A. This is an example of the oxijua ká0 &\ov kal uépos. ~. éx9pos yáp uot keſvos, k.T.A. This is well illustrated by Arist, Rhetoric, i. 15, 'Ev'raú6a of v avvakréov kal to triopkeſv Šti éarl to Tf Stavotº, &AA’ oi ré, a réuart, and by Euripides in Hippolytus, 612. ‘H yAóoro' àuáuox’, i. 5& ºpp}v čváuoros. See further, Aristotle's account of “the dissembler,” eſpov, in the Ethics, bk. ii. 'Atóao TüAmoriv = “the gates of Hades,” i.e., the Court, or the Powers of Hades. See St. Matthew's. Gospel, xiv. 18. By metonymy, in the language of the East, “the gates” designate “those who adº ministered justice, or exercised sovereignty at the gates of the city.” G 3 130 NOTES ON Compare our word “Porte,” applied to the Turkish Court. With the noble sentiment here expressed so warmly by Hector, compare Seneca, “ turpe est aliud loqui, aliud sentire,” and Sallust, “aliud in pectore, aliud in linguà promptum habere.” Kárðav Šuðs = “is wont to perish indiscriminately.” où8é ri kot repticettai, K.T.A. Kennedy renders it, “Nor have all the toils I have undergone been productive of any superior advantage to me.” & ałęv why huxhu Tapabaxxâuevos =“ever setting my life upon a cast;” metaphor from the throw of the dice, Kakós 3’ &pg of tréAet airfi = “while she herself continues to be right badly off.” Ti Bh be? Toàsuſéueval. Observe that this is the only instance in the Iliad in which Homer uses be?; the force of the Latin “oportet” is almost always expressed by xpå in the Iliad. Compare Odyss. o. 100, where we have $6morev. - thv airtov - “belonging to him.” Homer does not appear to be yet acquainted with the reflexive form abroń (javroſ). ? Pºv 83) = “verily, in sooth.” Ironical. What he commenced without me, he may complete without me. 350–400. &ro Teixeos = (he did not go) “further than the wall.” &AA’ $gov čs = &AA’ in roaoûtov Šarov čartly €s = “he only came as far as ” (elliptical). qmyöv = “the esculent oak tree:” not the beech (Lat. “fagus”), as some suppose. olov čupive, supply us = “there once only he awaited me.” ał Kév tou, K.T.A. = “and if these (affairs of mine) continue to be a care to thee” (the force of the perfect-present tense). vmīgas . . . . §§eat, K.T.A. After this commencement, one would expect a verb, as TAevoreijuat a by vnvolv ćuals kal &oºpdal, but the direct order of the sentence is diverted by Špeat: the broken construction chimes in admirably with the irritable temper of the speaker, at this point. (See Appendix III. at the end of this volume.) #pt pºda’ = “right early in the morning.” ixówóevta = Lat. “piscosus,” and exactly English, “fishful,” as New- man translates it. #uatí ice Tpitatº, R.T.A. Cicero (de Divinitate, i. 25) has this very remarkable passage, “Est apud Platonem Socrates, cum esset in custodiá publică, docens Critoni suo familiari, sibi post tertium diem moriendum ; vidisse enim se in somnis pulcritudine eximiä foeminam, quae se nomine appellans, diceret Homericum quendam ejusmodi Versum, Tertia te Phthiae tempestas laeta locabit.” êv645s ºppov = “ coming hither to my cost,” always in a bad sense. Some would supply trl péopâ. ăuqabóv = prose form āvaqavööv, “openly.” éic yap Sh, k, t.A. = “for ere this he completely deceived me, and sinned against me.” Observe that ēk is here adverbial; the theory of a trnesis would completely fail in this passage, as there is no such com- pound verb as ééaaaitaſva. &AA& Ékmåos éppérw = “but in peace let him go to destruction,” i. e. THE ILIAD. 9. 131 without any interference on my part. Kennedy observes that “ ºrcm×os forcibly expresses the condition of one who is advancing imperceptibly, though surely, to final ruin.” Tía Sá Puv év Kapòs aform = “ and as a straw I count him.” Newman, Arnold, Duport, Kennedy, Heyne, and Spitzner make köp come from Reipo (aor. 2, &cdpmv), and so = “cut hair,” which one throws away, the phrase being = “flocci facere,” Latin. Some, however, read ev Kapòs atam = “I count as a Carian,” which is illustrated by Ausonius in Idyll. xii. 91, “Fallaces Ligures, nullo situs in pretio Car.” The pro- verbial contempt, however, in which the Carians were held is unfor. tunately post-Homeric, and even if it were not, Homer in bk. ii. makes the a long, not short, as here (Kapóv Bap8apoptºvov). It is better rendered by Fäsi (who considers himself supported by the authority of Aristarchus and Aristophanes) as = Év Kmpos ºoſpº. Compare ver, 312, and bk. iii. 454, lorov yáp a piv Trägu &rix0eto kmpl pºexaſvil. This has the immense advantage of being fully in harmony with the bearing of the context, in which bitter, unrelenting hatred is expressed, not contempt. “His gifts I hate, and him. I hate, as I hate the doom of death.” Cer- tainly the shortening of a from m is not supported by any analogy either in the Doric or any other dialect. Yet in Epic, where the laws of quantity are so little fixed, this is a small difficulty compared with that which besets the first interpretation. What analogy, or what evidence have we for the eacistence of the word kāp in the sense of “hair” except this disputed passage? The word is Homeric, and everywhere else it appears as a contracted form of ſcápa, “the head.” The general term for “hair” in Greek is undoubtedly kóp.m. ; special distinctions are specially expressed by éðelpa, Xaſtm, pó8m, Tóicas, 0pſi, Paxxás, képas, Icíkuvos, and kóporm, Attic kóššm, which no doubt comes from the old Greek word kóp, the head (Sanscrit “cirsha”). If káp really denotes “hair,” what then is its distinctive force, compared with the terms we have given The language appears sufficiently rich without such an &maš Āeyóuevov. Proverbial expressions, too, for the most part, are derived from customs habitually observed, and we cannot think it pro- bable that such a proverbial speech as this (if ever it existed) arose at a time when it was the rule not to cut the hair, and the eacception to cut it. The Greeks are distinctly designated képm ſcouðwvres = “long- haired,” and this almost constantly in the pages of Homer. ek yap eſſ ſppévas elaero untieta Zeiſs = “for forth from him the wise Zeus had taken his senses.” Compare Horace, “Quem Deus vult perdere, prius dementat;” and Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, act iii., “But when we in our viciousness grow hard, (O misery on't) the wise gods seal our eyes ; In owr own filth drop owr clear judgments : make us Adore our errors, laugh at us, while we strut To our confusion.” In the above passage of Homer, Zeus is represented placing Aga- memnon as a victim under the influence of Até. Toriviao'etal = trpógeiai, TpogépxeTai = “enter,” especially used of rich presents or revenues, - 132 NOTES ON 'Opxopievóv: see note on Iliadii. 510, 511. Oñ8as Aiyuttſas. (Observe that the latter word is a trisyllable as often in the Odyssey.) AEgyptian Thebes was the No-Ammon of the Hebrew Scriptures, and was one of the most ancient cities of AEgypt. The name of Thebes is formed from the Tápé of the ancient AEgyptian language, pronounced Thaba in the Memphitic dialect of Coptic, and thence easily convertible into Oñ8at, Thebé, or Thebes. In hiero- glyphics it is written Ap or Ape, with the feminine article T-APE; the meaning of which is “the head,” Thebes being “the Head,” or capital of the upper kingdom. Its later appellation of Diospolis Magna (Aléo- troXos # weydam) answers also to the Egyptian title Amunei, or “Abode of Amun,”—Ammon or Zeus, the ram-headed god being the principal object of worship at Thebes. In all Upper Egypt no spot is so adapted for the site of a great capital as the plain occupied by ancient Thebes. It was large enough to contain a city of at least equal extent with ancient Rome or modern Paris; and, according to Strabo, ancient Thebes covered the entire plain. Vague rumours of its greatness had reached the early Greeks, hence Homer speaks, as here, of its “hun- dred gates,” and its twenty thousand war-chariots, just as the Arabian storytellers speak of the glories of Bagdad or Damascus under the Caliphs. See Herod. ii. 15. The power and prosperity of Thebes arose from three sources; trade, manufactures, and religion. Its position made it the common entrepôt for the Indian trade on the one side, and the caravan trade on the other, and it remained the greatest emporium of Africa until the founding of Alexandreia. For many centuries, in respect to religion, this city occupied in relation to AEthiopia and Egypt, the same position subsequently held by Rome in mediaeval Christendom. Its site is now occupied by the modern villages of Luaco, and Karnak on the eastern bank of the Nile, and Gowrmeh. and Medimet-Aboo on the western bank. The inscriptions found there fully attest the ample revenues, the extensive territorial dominions, and the vast wealth, lavishly expended, enjoyed by this wonderful city. 㺠ékatóutruxof eiori. Compare Pomponius Mela, i. 19, “Thebae, ut Homero dictum est, centum portas, Seu, ut alii aiunt, centum awla's habent, totidem olim, principum domos.” &v čkdoºras: supply tróAas, understood from éicatówrvXol. The plural is used even for a single gate, like Latin “fores.” This expression does not reckon the number of inhabitants, but the strength of the army, and makes it in round numbers, twenty thousand warriors, and double that number of horses, Tpſv y &iro traorav ćuol, K.T.A. = “ay (he shall not win me over), until he shall thoroughly repair his soul-afflicting outrage.” Here oë treforei is prior, and continues until 66pºeval, so that trptv is used with the infinitive, after the analogy of Šate with the infinitive, which expresses the result. See Iliad i. 98. káAAos épiſov, elliptical accusative of cognate substantive = Épígov ëply káNAovs = “strive a strife of beauty.” judoro’etal = “shall seek out :” this is the reading of Aristarchus: the common reading, yauégaletal, violates the recognised distinction of youeiv, used of the man = Latin, “ducere uxorem,” and yageſoróat, of the woman = Lat, “nubere.” Yaweſoral, in the sense of “giving to THE ILIAD. 9, 133 wife” (Jelf), or “of procuring a wife for another,” is arbitrary, and without the sanction of Homeric usage and analogy. éikvav šicovruv = “a help meet for him.” 400–450. Adivos ojöós : see Odyssey O. 80, where the mention of the Delphic oracle seems very clear. Pytho was afterwards called Delphi from its new inhabitants. &phropos = “the discharger (of arrows),” epithet of Apollo corre- sponding to ioxéalpa, given to Artemis. Amīorro) = Lat. “praedabiles.” krm'rol = Lat. “pretio parabiles,” and accordingly, Newman renders these two lines: “For, troth ! by foray and by raid, ye get stout sheep and oxen, And tripods eke by purchase come, and auburn crests of horses.” àusſiperat āpkos 3669 row: the idea is evidently taken from drinking. See Odyssey K. 328. ... t. 6tx0aëtas Kūpas, k.T.A. = “two Fates are dragging me onwards to the consummation of death; ” here pépelv is used for &yetv, as in Latin sometimes, “ferre” for “agere.” According to Homer, every man who was doomed to die a violent death had a Kölp assigned him from his birth; here Achilles has two, between which he was allowed to choose. &Aero uév uot. The aorist often expresses, as here, a future event that certainly must take place, and is numbered already, as it were, , with things past. . 3mpôv = “all too long,” used always in a bad sense. Supply Xpovov. º, &AAotoriv, i.e., §uiv toſs &AAois, hence the Second person is used, 3%ere = “ye find.” Tapajuvömoratumv = prose form trapatvéoatpu, âtrópaorée : see above on ver, 309. oróg : this is an extended conjunctive form of a double contraction, og (oraćm, oraç, oró): in ver, 393 we find orówal out of 0.601, and ver. 681, a 64's from a $s. étrel ot; a pioiv #ós y ároſum = “ay, since this present device is not efficient in their case.” ač0i trap &ppu = “on the spot with us.” From this mention of Phoenix, as well as in vv. 612—618, we must conclude that he had come to Achilles with the other ambassadors. 3dicpw &varpholas = “with gushing tear,” Newman, not = “letting fall hot scalding tears,” Liddell and Scott's Lexicon. From Iliad i, 481, we see that trpä0elv = “to blow,” hence its meaning, “to spirt out,” “make a thing gush or stream forth,” as here. With this passage we may compare Iliad xvi. 350, aiuo. 6' &vå atóua ſcal karð flºwas trpſiae Xavóv = “gaping, he made the blood to gush up and down his mouth and nostrils.” This view of trpíðelv is derived from Damm and Büttman. Auerò, ppeal . . . . BáAAsat = Lat. “inducere in animum.” ool éirepaire = orol ovvérepaire (in prose). *- wātriov = “infans,” Latin; 2nd, as here = “one too young to bear arms.” Achilles was, probably, about fifteen years of age at this tºne. TObserve that the myth of his being tutored by Chiron, as well as that of his being concealed at the court of Lycomedes, are post- Homeric inventions, 134 NOTES ON 6.8aokéueval = “for the purpose of teaching:” here the Greek infinitive performs the function of the Latin supine after a verb of motion. ºftpas àtročja as = “having scraped off (the rough skin) of old age,” Büttman. où6’ et kév got intoo raím 6ebs abros = “not even if a god himself in person (kév = supposing it possible) should assure me.” âtudgearke 3’ &courtv = “he was wont to dishonour his wife.” Com- pare Herod. i. 61, Tov Šē (Meyakaća) beivöv tº èaxe &rudgeoréal trpos IIslatorrpátov. With the request of Hippodameia, the mother of Phoenix, compare the advice of Achitophel in 2 Sam. xvi. 21. éuè Atooréolicero yotivov = “me, even me, she was wont to supplicate by my knees.” Compare the Latin expression, “per genua te obsecro.” Another interpretation is to consider this an elliptical form of the ex- pression Atoorea.0ai Tivo Aa3óvra Yoivov (Iliad iv. 45). Compare with this, Genesis xxiv. 2, “Put, I pray thee, thy hand wºnder any thigh , and I will make thee swear by the Lord.” £eol 8 &téAetov ćirapós : compare the case of Reuben, the eldest son of Jacob, who lost his birthright, and was cursed for a similar sin, Genesis xxxv. 22, and xlix. 4. Zebs katax6óvios = “Jupiter Stygius” of Virgil, i.e., Pluto. Töv Pºv ćy& Boöwevara. These four lines are not found in some editions: they are sanctioned, however, by Plutarch, Wolf, Payne Knight, and by the context; they show, in forcible language, the wild and unnatural crimes to which unrestrained anger will carry men. 450–500, sixtiročas . . . . Boös = “oxen, stamping heavily with their feet,” an epithet, if the true one, probably drawn from the old custom of treading out the corn by this animal. This is Büttman's view, who considers eixeiv radically connected with German “treten” = “to tread,” and “trappen" = “to stamp.” This sense of the verb seems far-fetched, and scarcely supplies an adequate epithet. Wheeler, with more reason, evidently taking eixeiv in the sense of éAtooſelv, refers it to the tortuous course of oxen wending homewards from the pasture, and aptly quote's Gray’s line, “The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea.” Schneider and Passow make it = “trailing and plaiting their hind legs” (eſaw = Ata'oeuv): this, however, is rather a characteristic of horses than oacen, and the epithet is applied only to oxen, never to horses. Virgil has “mollia crura reponit,” and “sinuetgue alterna volumina crurum,” in his description of the horse. Others take six{troöas 800s = “slow or dragging-footed oxen,” and so opposed to dogs, which Homer calls &pyttroöes; there can be no doubt that the slow pace of the ox is rather its characteristic than its tortuous course, when compared with other animals. The “bos tardus” of the Romans seems apposite, as well a, the line of Gray, “The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea.” Professor Newman renders it “clumsy-footed oxen,” and suspects that Homer meant, “cloven footed.” We see no very definité etymological grounds for the Professor's view, yet we cannot but state that such exactly was our own opiniou, before we were favoured with his valu- THE ILIAD. 9. 135 able book. We remarked that Homer's constant epithet for oxen is elaſtroëas, and for horses we have almost always udºvuxes : if Homer made the characteristic of the horse “single-hoofed,” i.e., without cloven feet, it seems not unreasonable to find an antithetical, and, therefore, a more distinctive epithet for the ox, in “cloven-footed.” It is not a little remarkable that the poet applies these antithetical attributes to no other animals, except to the horse and the ox. eixſtrous may be but another dialectic form of éAkórows, derived from the verb éAko = “to tear asunder,” “separate ” = “cloven-footed.” £Aikas Boös = “crumple-horned oxen.” In Latin, “camuri bowes,” as opposed to “patuli boves.” eivävuxes 8é uot &piq’ airó, K.T.A. = “ and nine livelong nights did . pass around my prison.” In Latin, “ipso.” has often this sense of O.U.T.O.S. - évl trpoãduq = “in the entrance-hall,” which embraces the aſſova m. The guest's sleeping-chamber (648apios) lay either to the right or loſt of the albovom, and touching the at Am = “the court-yard.” Observe that 6üpal, as TröAal, is often, as here, spoken of one door = Latin “fores.” Aa3&v puxakās = “having escaped the notice of the guards,” who were posted at the entrance. Compare Horace’s “castra fefellit.” étrl kreffteora u = “with a view to his possessions,” i.e., to inherit his possessions. - Tooroúrov č0mka = “I have brought thee up to be so great,” i.e., up to manhood. otvov &togaśćov év umirién &Aeyeivij = “slabbering out some wine in troublesome infancy.” Pope and other critics have most unfairly abused Homer for these touches, which they consider beneath the dignity of the Epic Muse. . Compare, however, Æschylus Choēphoroe, 750, and the character of the nurse in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, (as well as the Seven Ages, in As You Like It,) “The infant, muling and puking in the nurse's arms.” &AA', 'Axixed, 6duaa'ov 0wabv piéyav = “Now, even now, Achilles, subdue, I pray, thy mighty soul:” see note on Iliad i. 32. Observe the force of the aorist. arpetrol Sé te kal 6eol attoſ, Compare Virgil's Georg. iv. 536, “Namque dabunt veniam votis, irasque remittent.” kal uév toos = kal prºv toos = “and even those,” i.e., the gods. Altai = “Prayers,” as allegorical personages, the organs of Atoorea flat, and the daughters of mighty Zeus, who defends those who fly to him for refuge (éirituátop icerdovre $stvovre, Odyss. i. 270). This is a pure allegory, the most ancient and the most beautiful of its kind: the Prayers here personified are the Prayers offered up in repentance; they follow slowly and solemnly behind crime, which is here personified as Até, and they humbly endeavour to make amends for sin committed : whoever disdains to listen to them, will himself be obliged to atone for the sin committed. 500–550. XaAat =“lame,” because they proceed slowly, and with hesitating steps to their hard task. 5voraí = “wrinkled,” by care and self-reproach. 136 NOTES Cº. trapagxómes = “squint-eyed,” because of terror and consciousness of guilt, and its attendant shamefacedness. * at #4 re kal, K.T.A. = “who, in the track of Frenzy, with sad remorse do follow,” Newman. Others, though not equally well, take &Aéyovot kioſa ai = “have a care as they go,” i.e., walk heedfully; others again make it = “are careful in following after Até,” i.e., are careful and anxious to follow her. ūtekirpoºéet = “secretly outstrips.” ºrb = Lat, “sub,” in the sense of “clam.” ai 6' ééakéovrat &m to a w = “but those (Prayers) follow in her wake, and heal up the wrongs she does.” Perhaps it was from this passage that Sterne drew his beautiful conception of the Recording Angel blotting out the sin which the Accusing Spirit had carried up to Heaven's Gate. tá, "Army & grea.0ai, R.T.A. This was most literally fulfilled in the case of Achilles. His unnatural obstinacy to the entreaties and peni- tent prayers of Agamemnon became an Até to him, for which he atones by the death of his dearest friend Patroclus. &AA', 'Axixed, trópe kal orb, k.T.A. = “Do thou also, Achilles, I pray, grant that deference should attend the damsels of Zeus, (a deference) which bends the soul of others, noble though they be.” Töv pºl at ye ut,00v, K.T.A. = “ay, and do not thou be after bringing (do not now bring) reproach upon the speech and coming of those.” Tpſv 6 ot; tı vegeorantov, K.T.A. = “formerly we had no just grounds for being indignant at the continuance of thy wrath” (rexoxóa'6a). kxéa = “glorious legends" = Latin “laudes.” ãopmrot re TréAovro, K.T.A. = “men were wont to be won over by gifts, and talked over by words.” Koupfires. Notice that in this story Homer does not countenance the subsequent addition of the burning brand. See an excellent account of this myth in Grote's Greek History, i. 195—599. 6axöoria = “first-fruits,” subsequently a feast in honour of Ceres. 3) A&6et’, 3) obk évômoiev, K.T.A. = “Forgetful he, or thoughtless was ; but ruinous the folly,” Newman. Here h oùk is to be metrically regarded as one syllable. xxoºvmw = uovićv = “solitary,” Aristarchus. Better taken as = Tov év tá x^ón sivagópºevov, which is Apollonius's interpretation. New- man translates the passage, “Sent-in a savage white-tusked boar, to wallow in the herbage.” ëpöeakev čğav = “went on doing mischief according to its custom.” airfioſiv pićnot kal airroſs &v6eat = “roots and all, flowers and all.” These, according to Jelf, are datives of the accessory notion. The expression &v0sort uhăcov presents a difficulty, as the boar came after the harvest; Pliny however tells us the wild apple-tree flowers twice a-year. Trpo6éAvuva, to be joined with BáAs as predicate = trpólga, so that the lowest part, or foundation comes forth to light = Latin, “funditus,” “radicitus:” see Iliad x. 15, and Aristophanes Pax, v. 1210. 550—600. Tóqpa 5& Koup#Teorai kakós fiv = “so long things went ill with the Curetes.” Compare the Latin, “malē esse,” as in Horace, “Non, si malê nunc, et olim sic erit.” évavrov elaero tdīov = “took up his bow to confront” (observe that the verb here is middle), THE ILIAD. 9. 137 'AAkwávnv kaaéeakov ćirdºvvgov = “were wont to call her Alcyone, by surname.” The name is Pheronymous, as being derived from some circumstances connected with the parents: see note on Iliad vi. 413. Newman here translates, “Alcyone, by surname called; because, for ever mournful, She, like the widowed Alcyon, in tearful fate entangled, Went wailing;” and observes in a note, “The Greek text does not admit this sense; but runs, “her mother, like the Alcyon,” which seems to me absurd. Alcyon is celebrated for grief at the death of her husband Ceyx, who was drowned, according to Ovid. The words in Homer, v. 564, leave it uncertain whether Apollo slew Idas, or carried off Marpessa. The common tale gives to Idas a longer life.” See Virgil's Georg. i. 398. âpéov must be metrically considered a dissyllable. - kikAfforkova’’Atômw = “unceasingly and earnestly calling on Hades.” The verb is the intensive and frequentative form of kaAéo. Tpóxvv = Syncopated form of trpoyövv = “falling forwards on her knees.” réumov & 9eów isp?as āptorovs: compare the different embassies sent by the Romans to Coriolanus, when he invaded his country. &poortv = 'yūv àpéoriuov: by pix.hu is meant, “bare of trees.” Tauéa.0al, not = “to be marked off,” but, “for ploughing,” according to Spitzner and Newman. où600 étrepòegadºs = “stepping upon the threshold :'' observe he did not cross it. arpív y áre 6% : observe that yé here iterates the force of the previous assertion = “No, they did not persuade him, before the time that the chamber was struck with many a blow.” See note on Iliad i. 60. ełęas $ 6vpué = “yielding to his own feelings.” Observe that the allusion is not to his caprice or anger, for to these he had sufficiently yielded before this. The obstimacy of the hero does not give way until he sees the foe mounting on the city walls, and hears from his fair-girdled wife the woes which captured towns are doomed to suffer ; it is then, and then only, he consults his own feelings, with a degree of selfishness, that fairly cancelled all claims to merit or reward, and dons his armour against the enemy, “and even thus he (dishonourably) warded off the disaster” (kakov 6’ #uvve kal atras). We should observe that Döderlein and Nitzsch translate the passage, “serú nec nisi post- quam indulserit irae” = “having first indulged his anger,” i.e., after having indulged his anger by his absence from battle for some time. &m 34pov = “on the condition of receiving gifts.” 600–650. Šuás rufis. This reading is supported by the Scholiast and by Spitzner. Tipºffs = righess = “abownding in honour.” Com- pare povăs, contracted form of poviets. * &rra yepaté = “aged friend:” an affectionate form of address used by a younger to an elder. ºpovéo & Terpińorðat, K.T.A. = Newman translates, * Jove's arbitrement, I trust, with seemly honour Will greet me. This will hold me here, beside the crested galleys, While breath doth in my bosom dwell, and while my knees support me.” 138 NOTES ON He adds, in a note, that Homer seems to mean, “Honour forbids me to leave my ships, and go to aid Agamemnon.” Spitzner translates, “non opus est mihi isto honore . . . . qui me ad maves rostratas reddet insignem, donec vità ac spiritu fruar.” Arnold, following the old Scholiasts, takes the following to be the purport of Achilles' speech, “I do not want this glory, of which you speak to me (besides, I think Zeus himself has honoured me), a glory which will detain me near the ships, which will tie me to the camp all my life.” forov šuol Sagtaeve, K.T.A. = “Be thou a king like me, and take half the honour as thy share.” Aéeo = “lay thyself.” Epic aorist imperative: Aéya, in Homer never means, “to speak; ” Katañéya, which makes the nearest approach to the post-Homeric sense of speaking, is rather, “to lay down,” to e???ſmerate. Thäe y' 666 kpavéea 6at, k, t.A. = “ay, let us go, for the object of our cmbassy (literally, of our speech) does not seem to me likely to be accomplished in this way.” &yptov 6éro 6vuðv = “has made his own heart savage.” In ver, 632 we learn that the gods gave this ferocity to the heart of Achilles, just as in the Bible, at one time we are told that God hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and at another time that Pharaoh hardened his own heart. kal uèv (= kal whv) Tſs te, K.T.A. = “and in sooth, each (one of us) is wont to receive (from the murderer) compensation for the bloodshed of his brother, or for the death of his own child.” trou?) = Lat. “poena,” “compensation for bloodshed,” paid originally among the early Greeks, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Germans, by cattle. Tacitus (de Germaniá) states, “luebatur homicidium certo armentorum numero.” - 6 pºv, i. e., 6 povets : who was obliged to go into exile until Satis- faction was made. êv0eo . . . . aßegoral, aorists, to express the requisite immediateness of action. trövti Tt pot, K.T.A. = “Thou didst appear to me even now to utter all these things in a measure, after my own heart.” By the particle ti, the strong expression trövta becomes evidently softened down. 6Tirót' ékeſvov uvifloropal = “as often as I shall call to remembrance those yonder,” i.e., Agamemnon and those who supported him. kard te agöğal rupi vâas = “and make the galleys smoulder away under the fire.” 650–710. of 8& ékaotos: an instance of axiua ico.6’ 3Aov ſcal wépos. Atvotó re Aetrov &otov = “the fine down of linen,” i. e., lawn. Šaros is from &mut, as Lat. “floccus” from “flo.” pivXú RAtotºs = €v uvX6 kAlains in later Greek. See Iliad ii. 210. T$ 5 &pa trapkaráAekro = “and just by that one's side lay down.” Observe that Špa here qualifies the prepositional adverb irdpa embodied in the verb; this is confirmed a few lines lower down by the words trôp 6 &pa kal Tó. 2küpov. The myth of Achilles being concealed here is evidently post-Homeric. kévés y oik 6&ei, K.T.A. = “ay—that one yonder (i.e., Achilles) is resolved not to quench his wrath at the present.” THE ILIAD. 10. 139 eigh kal otöe rā6’ eitréptev = “These, too, are here to speak these words.” g uñó’ &qexes: this is a formula of expressing a wish that cannot be realised. gymyopingiv čvākas = “you drove him to feelings of arrogance.” éxéuev = “to post,” Lat. “habere.” BOOK 10. SUMMARY. —The view of the Trojan fires on the plain, and the desponding gloom that weighs down the soul of Agamemnon, pre- vent that hero from enjoying “the gift of slumber.” Nestor and Menelaus console him with the hope that Achilles may yet relent. Diomede and Ulysses, under cover of the night, explore the Trojan position. They kill the spy, Dolon, and the Thracian king, Rhesus, whose horses are brought to the Grecian camp. The transactions of this book occurred on the same evening, on which the embassy, men- tioned in the former book, took place. Ulysses plays a most distin- guished part in both books. 1—50. śirvos éxe: see on Iliad iii. 342. troXéuoto uéya orðua revkehavoto = “the yawning maw of bitter war.” Compare Cicero pro Archià, “totius belli ore ac faucibus.” War is thus compared to a wild beast which devours all before it. Compare Shakespeare's King Henry V., act ii., “for whom this hungry war Opens his vasty jaws ; and on your head Turns he the widow's tears, the orphan's cries, The dead man’s blood, the pining maiden's groans, For husbands, fathers, and betrothed lovers, That shall be swallowed in this controversy.” &6phorelev . . . . toot. Both verbs are in the optative mood to express indefinite frequency of action. For a parallel to the comparative situ- ation of the two armies here described, see Tacitus, Annales, i. 65. ağxöv = “pipes,” not of great antiquity among the Greeks: observe that Homer only mentions their use among the Trojans. £Alcero xatras = “he kept dragging out his hair’ (force of the im- perfect tense). &nt: accented thus as it follows its object. e? . . . . Tekrāvatto: the notion of a kotteſv or treipaoréal is understood. #Tis yévoito. The relative with the optative without &v expresses a possibility; it may be here resolved into et ris Yévoiro. Sapowov čáppa Aéovros: see note on Iliad ii. 308. In this book we have the heroes represented in unusual dresses. Diomede (ver. 177) has also a lion's skin, Menelaus has (ver. 29) a panther's skin, and Dolon (ver. 334) has a wolf’s skin. 6%. 30év eiveka = “quite on his account.” rtóñuevov. The short radical vowel is here lengthened for the sake of the metre : perhaps it was originally written riðéupevos. 140 NOTi:S ÜN #9eſe = “my lord and brother” of the younger to the elder brother, as by Paris to Hector. Tp(6eoroiv ćirfaxotrov : compare Virgil, AEn. ii. 47, (machina) “Inspec- tura domos.” ‘Ekropéois . . . . ispoſov, K.T.A. Compare Genesis iv. 4, 5; “And the Lord had respect unto Abel and to his offering ; but unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect.” ãoxixóv : accusative of duration: supply xpóvov. 50–100. ispöv réAos = “a select company,” or “a glorious band.” &8poráčouev = “we go astray” (from #w8porov, aorist form of &paprávo). tratpó6ev čk yeweis Švoud.gov = “naming each as his father's son according to birth,” i.e., adding to the name of each the names of his father and his ancestors, to excite them to feelings of family pride. Nicias did the same thing in Sicily, to restore feelings of self-respect and confidence in his troops: see Thucydides, vii, cap. 69. érérpetre = “gave way to,” “yielded to.” 'T' &ykóvos. Compare Propertius i. 3, “Sic ait, in molli fixa toro cubitum.” oùphow = “watchers,” same as of pos, or = “mwles,” from otpsûs. Aristarchus, Wolf, and Spitzner have considered this verse spurious. It seems such if the oiphow means “mules,” for what connection can they have with étaipav? On the other hand, if oipebs according to a Scholion be really a lengthened form of of pos, as āptorrets is of &ptoros, and troutreis is of tropatros, it may be fairly then considered as a corre- sponding word to étaipov (“guide” to “companion”), and seems especially appropriate in the mouth of Nestor, the of pos’Axatóv. TAágouat 36°, R.T.A. Compare AEschylus, Agamemnon, ver, 12, Eöt’ &v Šē vvictitãaykrov čvapoorów T' &a, Eüv}v čvetpots oil, étrio Kotovuévnv *Euhy, póBos yöp &v6 itvov trapacitateſ. &A&Aöktmugi = “wander from my senses in grief.” Compare Herod. ix. 70, &Aüktaſov: and also Cicero's Letter to Atticus, ix. 6, “Non angor, sed ardeo dolore, oi,6é plot ºrop wirečov, &AA’ &Aaxöktmuai. Non sum, inquam, mihi crede, mentis compos.” -- kpaşim 86 wou èo armóéww éképôorkel. Compare Virgil's beautiful words, “easultantiaque haurit Corda pavor pulsans.”—Georg. iii. ph-icolpºfforwytal, i.e., whether they are not now, &c. caudrº—kal iſ twº : this zeugma has been obviously imitated by Horace, Od. III. 4, 11, “Ludo fatigatumque somno.” ëaoiv čkaardto: compare the Ajax of Sophocles, v. 3, 4, kal vöv ćrl okmvats are vavruka's épô Atavros, Šv6a tätv čoxármy exei. 100—150, iva Yáp gºw. The relative conjunction iva is here used for the demonstrative evtaú6a. THE ILIAD, 10, 141 poivukóegorav; this was a mark of royalty. ākaxuévov, from &ra' = Lat. “acuo.” In most languages the root “ac’’ (ak, ache) denotes “sharpness” simply or metaphorically. 8tt öh xpet& Téa ov ticet : here we have an abrupt change from the direct to the indirect form of narrative; we must supply some such phrases as eitraré uot, ri yé yovev; rí troré šarrív ; trepi ppévas #Av6 iah' = “around his mind came the call.” 150–200. gavpat?ipas, from oaupwrip, a pointed cap of bronze that enclosed the bottom or butt-end of the spear, to fix it in the ground, called in Attic Greek oripa; or orvpaktov. Compare this encampment of Diomede and his train with that of Saul, 1 Sam. xxvi. 7. étrº 6pwoºg trečíou) = “at the Springing of the plain,” i.e., at the elevation of the plain. Wrvov &wréis = Virgil's “carpebat somnos,” and analogous to Horace’s “carpe diem” = “enjoy the blossom (all that is beautiful) of the day.” oxérAtos = “hardy in endurance,” of persons, but = “hard to endure,” of things. It is from oxé9eiv, old Epic form of éxeiv. étr Čupoß Torrarat &kañs: the subject of this sentence must be taken from the following line, #–öAeópos # 8tóval = “Their (fate), whether destruction or life, now standeth on the razor's edge.” Similarly in Herodotus, vi. 11, Tri šupoo yūp &kuīs #xeral juſy tº trphypara. . . . . # eival éAev0époto's h 600Xoloi. Compare also Sophocles, Antig. 996; AEsch. Choēph. 870. In Attic Greek this image is generally expressed by éirl Évpot, alone. Compare Milton’s “Ye see our danger, on the wtmost edge of hazard; ” Paradise Regained. - etaro irávres. Our sentinels stand, and do not recline or sit, as the Homeric sentinels did; they probably preferred this posture as being best suited for listening. Observe that Æschylus, who always kept a close eye upon the details of the Homeric picture, represents the sentinel, in the opening scene of the Agamemnon, “couching, hownd- like, on his elbow :” #v koupidºptevos, atéyals 'Atpetóów &yka9ev, kvvos ôtkmv. 8vorophoraſaiv (aorist subjunctive) = “are wont to keep a weary watch.” - 200–250. &orkmóñs = “unscathed.” Scholiast &8Aaghs. 5tróppmvov = prose form iſtrapvov = “with a lamb under it,” i.e. with young, or, better, “suckling a lamb.” aie. . . . . trapéa rai. This was not always the case with those who were present, namely, not with the lesser Ajax, Meges, Thrasymedes, and Meriones, certainly once, not even with Menelaus. 8è' épxouévo, supply €orróv. Our Lord sent his disciples two and two, to comfort and encourage each other. See also Aristotle’s Ethics, viii. 1. With this night-adventure of Diomede and Ulysses, we may compare Virgil's obvious imitation, in the outline, though not in the details, of his story of Nisus and Euryalus. kai re trpo 6 roß &vómorev, K.T.A. = “and the one is wont even before the other, to understand how gain may be won, but one man alone, although in truth he understand (this), yet his mind is more sluggish, and his means of contrivance (more) feeble.” Arnold explains this passage very clearly, “Being two ; the one will perceive before the other what is necessary to be done : they will talk it 142 NOTES ON 6ver, the one will confirm the other, and thus the whole plan is soon achieved. But one alone, even though he also should perceive what ought to be done, has more slowness of mind, because he call- not be so sure of himself as in the first case.” éðexov ćireo 6ai = “were bent on following,” explained by uépudao'ſ ye wo?\Aot in ver. 236 below. étéAga = ?v roMuñeis = “ was full of daring; ” so in Virgil, AEn. ii. 347, “audere in proclia” for “audacem esse in proclia.” toūrou y áo trouévolo = “ay, if this one follows (me).” ye here assumes the condition. quxe? §§ { = Attic by 68 pixel. 250–300. trap4xmicev-AéAelirral. The night as well as the day was divided at an early period into three distinct portions; these portions of the night were called night-watches. TrAéov vić must here be taken with tów 550 uoupéav = “The greater portion of the night, (con- sisting of) two-thirds, had already gone by, but yet a third portion remained.” Observe that the article is correctly placed with São, “those two " which had passed in contradistinction to the third yet Temaining, and also that São in Homer is indeclinable. Döderlein prefers taking 600 here as the nominative, making the sentence = “Two- thirds, i.e., the greater part of the night, has passed.” Itatairvč. According to Kennedy, this was the undress helmet of the chief who wore it, not unlike the Roman “cudo.” TriAos = “felt’ (to line it). Not the post-Homeric “felt-cap,” Lat. “pileus.” From misunderstanding this word, by which is meant only the inside liming of a helmet, painters and others have represented “the city-sacking Ulysses” in the historical trixos (a felt-cap), which was worn, like the Lat. “pileus,” in time of peace, and as an emblem of peace. Some say Ulysses was so represented to denote his seafaring life. 'EAeóvos: in Boeotia. See Iliad ii. 500. - Xiedvěetav : seaport of the island Cythera, now “Cerigo,” on the Laconian coast, Šećtöv = “a right-hand omen,' “ the heron,” or “heron-crane.” Téicos, fire. The constructio Icar& adveolv: the feminine gender is in 8ense contained in Téicos, signifying as it does here daughter. Compare Soph. Ajax, 34. q^at—66s: aorists to denote the immediateness of action here required; so, too, lower down we have kéicAv61—ortreſo. éticxetas, contracted form of eik}\ečas. és Oñ8as : see Iliad iv. 382–392. Tpéºpagoa : Scholiast irpáqpov. Taptotago = “be my comrade,” literally, “stand by my side.” As a military term, in its strict historical sense trapaatörms = “comrade on the flank,” opposed to trpoardtns = “front-rank comrade,” and étriotărms = “ rear-rank comrade.” xpvabv képariv replyeſias. So Virgil, AEn. ix. 627, “Et statuam ante aras awratá fronte juvencum.” See also Odyss. iii. 432. tºº. bépie ér usyáA4 = “on condition of receiving a great reward.” i.e., lucky. Špačtov = Lat, “ardea,” THE ILIAD, 10. I 43 elöos kakós = “ugly to look upon.” \ to a kittpov = “that sceptre-staff of thine,” which Hector now holds as being the speaker in the assembly. ? w?v= ?) whv = “in very sooth :” the opening formula of an oath. âtrö 56&ms = “ contrary to expectation,” as car& 66éav = “according to expectation.” The opposition of the terms &mb 0ugot, and katē 0up.év in Homer is analogous to this. ph wév roſs, k.T.A. In oaths, observe that uh is sometimes used with the indicative instead of the direct negative oëk, because the negation is conceived to depend on the oath, and the determination arising there- from in the mind. éríopkov ćirdºuoge = “swore to him a false oath.” Not that it was Hector's intention to commit perjury. The poet here merely anticipates what followed, and the circumstances which caused its vio- lation. In such simple anticipatory passages Homer forms a striking contrast to modern authors, whose plots, under-plots, and counter-plots seem often formed to baffle the anticipations of readers by an issue of events even beyond conjecture. qovňoravre: in the dual, though only Ulysses spake : the assent of Diomede, however, is included. 350–400. §ororov 'r' étrl of pa tréAovrai, K.T.A. According to Liddell and Scott, this difficult passage means, “that distance by which mules would beat oxen ploughing a furrow in the same time,” (oípa = 8pia = “limits,” limited distances). Newman gives as a conjecture, “When so far onward he was gone, as in a match of ploughing, The mules unto the oxen give ; for they by far are quicker.” Arnold interprets it, “when Dolon was distant from them the length of a mule's furrow, I say of mules, for they draw a cart better than oxen.” This interpretation seems to derive much weight from a consideration of Odyss. viii. 124, where Homer measures distance by the same comparison, but speaks only of mules. "Ooorov tº év veið oëpov tréael judvotiv Tógorov, K.T.A. armictov Šporpov = “the compacted plough,” made up of two curved pieces of wood, one longer than the other. The long piece forms the pole, and one end of it being joined to the other piece about a foot from the bottom, divides it into a share, which is cased with iron, and a handle. See Dict. of Antiquities. kara.0%utos = “sit heavy on thy soul.” 90%u 61& vökta = “through the swift-rushing night,” Newman. Bütt- man makes it, “the quick and fearful night.” “Night,” according to a German proverb, “is no man's friend; ” the dangers which threaten the nightly wanderer are embodied in the character of a swift and fearful goddess; and even the other deities are afraid of her, who is (Iliad # 259) 0sóv Suárepa kal &vöpóv, and Zeus himself refrains from doing what might be vvictl 6ofi &mobiata; nor is the epithet less natural when the night is not personified, for as āśeſs kalpol are = “dangerous times,” so by the term 60% it may be intended to mark the swiftness and imminency of dangers which beset those who travel by night. 400–450. puxak&s 5’ &s eſpeal: here we find an attraction of the substantive into the same case as the relative. Compare Virgil's “ Urbem quam statuo, vestra est.” ‘. 144 NOTES ON 8), kaAAtarovs = “quite the most beautiful.” Aevicórepot, K.T.A. Compare Virgil's “Qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras.” a} &# uot, K.T.A. = “Ay, Dolon, just do not think of flight.” . The force of 83, with imperatives, as here, is often conjunctive and emphatic. 450–575. Séexov = 67xov = “ conspicuous.” rpáqepe uévos = Virgil’s “promitte vires.” This adventure is beauti- fully described by Virgil in AEn. i. 469. 6meovro = “they kept looking stedfastly upon,” frequentative and intensive form of 6edopal, just as pupivágely (v. 549) is of piéva : observe that upºvčev is always of a base cowardly lingering. * * the only passage in which this word denotes the “human neck.” BOOK 11. SUMMARY. —The Goddess of Discord, in the morning, summons the army to battle from the flank of Ajax to that of Achilles. Agamemnon marshals his troops outside of the ditch. Hector comes forward to battle. Agamemnon and Diomede retire wounded. Nestor im- plores Patroclus to intercede with Achilles, as the Greeks were being slaughtered by the Trojans. 1–50. répas troAéuou = “a sign, portentous of war.” According to ver. 27, this refers to the rainbow. Ti90.90ſo: so Virgil, Georg. i. 447, “Tithomi croceum linquens Aurora cubile.” àp6 = &varetauévos = “at the top of his voice.” See AEschylus, Persae, ver, 387. 'Axalolory—ékáorg. . In the axiua ka8 6Aov Kal Aépos, as here, we find, chiefly in Epic, the dative case used in a seemingly possessive sense where we should expect the genitive. Gávyva 9ai = 1. “gird on the cuirass,” 2. = (as here) “prepare for battle.” telvířov eſval: supply &ore. kvávoto = “blue-steel.” Icago itépouo : according to Liddell and Scott this is not our common tin = Lat. “plumbum album,” but rather a compound of tin and other metals = “pewter,” Lat. “Stannum,” well adapted for defensive armour. When applied to armour, it seems best taken as an ornamental plating or covering. àpoéxaro = “stretched,” from épéyouai. ăupiępórmy = “mortal covering.” Topy& éorreſpávoto. . The image of the Gorgon went in a circle round. i.e., it filled the whole circle of the shield. &yôoërmorav- “thundered.” Athené and Hera, the daughter and wife of Zeus, shared sometimes in his prerogatives. Virgil’s AEneid, i. 42, of Pallas, - “Ipsa Jovis rapidum jaculata e nubibus ignem.” hô0 mp3. The local meaning of irpo, says Jelf, has also a collateral THE ILIAD. 11. 145 meaning of motion ; here hô0 tpb= “forwards from the morning,” i.e. the whole morning forwards. 50–100. p9&v 8é uéy intràov. Here p0ávo with the genitive is after the analogy of Aeſtropiai Tivos. ééparas aluati uvêaxéas = “dews, dripping with blood.” Compare Shakespeare's Julius Cæsar, “Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons, and right form of war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol.” typov čAadvaſaiv = “work their way down a swathe.” ačkapos = “rich,” blessed with worldly prosperity, as ŠA8tos in Pindar, and “beatus” occasionally in Horace. Żuos 6& 6putóuos, K.T.A.: by brachylogy, for, “when the time was come when the oak-feller (i.e. wood-cutter) prepares his meal.” See Iliad xvi. 779, and Büttman's Lexilogus, page 89. orrà9eart trauſpaívoviras. By this “bright whiteness of the breast,” both the effeminacy and youthfulness of these Asiatics are designated. treptăvore-trepieśéövore. Compare plebiotmut = €ic row uéorov fortmut, uéo- aſpa = €k too uégou aipa. 100—150. "I6ms év kvnuoſoſt : see on Iliad i. 495—505. et rép re Túxmo i = “although in truth it happens.” orvvéaše = “is wont to rend asunder : ” force of aorist in comparisons. &yºyextrºv čA6óvta = 68by &y yeatms éA6ávra. * rod trarpos = “of that your father.” Compare Odyss. ii. 134, Ér yöp rod trarpos kakö reſorouai. The article is here demonstrative and ex- pressive of contempt = Lat, “iste.” §Auov 3’ &s, k.T.A. = “and as a smooth round stone he hurled it, to roll amidst the melée.” From Herod. ix. 78, 79, we learn that in historical times the Greeks considered it a personal degradation to abuse a dead body; in this particular the Heroic Greeks were a dis- grace to their descendants. Tſ. P = “exactly there’ (and nowhere else). 150–200. Aq ūAn = “well-timbered forest.” Taking the a here in composition as intensive, from &Yav. Porphyry, however, with others, makes it = “wnfelled,” and so “very woody” =āśćatorros. troAAol 8 eptačxeves trirot, K.T.A. = “and many steeds, of arching neck, rattled their empty cars along the ranks of war.” iſmaye = “secretly withdrew.” Lat. “sub” has often this sense in composition. év vvictor #163 ºr = “in the depth of the night.” According to Büttman &uoxyos = &ºp13), the moment of the greatest fulness. It first signified the full wader, which having reached its fulness, must be zvilked (&pléAya). Others, again, make šuoxyos = “the milking time,” ... e., either the morning or evening twilight. mepitpo = “around and forwards,” i. e., right and left, in front of .imself. Töre 8% ºa = “just then precisely.” *Iöms év kopu pāori ka9égeto. One of Hermann’s arguments in his theory of separation, is the alleged perversity of the existing arrange- ment of bks. viii., ix., x., xi, and xii., since Zeus is represented by Homer at bk. viii. 439, as returned from Ida to Olympus, and yet is H 146 NOTES ON suddenly, and without any further notice, at the opening of bk. xiii., found again seated on the top of Mount Ida. Mure (Greek Lib.) asks very fairly whether “the perversity" is not on the part of the critic who had evidently overlooked this passage in bk. xi. 182. eip (asyndeton). By the omission of the conjunction, the successive thoughts are represented as following each other so rapidly that they seem but one thought, and are taken in, as it were, by a single glance of the mind. This is very common in Homer after airíka, and after eipev. 200–250. Tetv = orot; a Doric form. piv0%gaoréal (aorist) = “to declare without delay.” évavtſov 'Axatóv = “fronting the Achaeans” (genitive of position); so in ver. 219, 'A'yapiéuvovos &vrtos = “fronting Agamemnon.” ăptăvöm 6é waxm = Latin, “instaurata est pugna.” trapmropidoºn 5* § tróAeptos, airãp émeſ 5 #8ms, K.T.A. = “but just when he reached the full measure of glorious, blooming manhood.” Aueré, KAéos Axatów = “at the rumour (of the coming) of the Greeks.” 3s fla = “it was exactly that one.” 3s here, as often in Homer, com- bines a relative and demonstrative force. This is not common in Attic Greek, though common enough in Latin, “qui verö.” &are Aís. Compare Virgil's description of a wounded lion, AEn. xii, 7, “fixumque latronis Impavidus frangit telum et fremit ore cruento.” Töv 3 &opt TA’īš' aixáva: see bk. iii. 438. Kouha aro x&Akeov širvoy: the accusative of the cognate notion = “he slept a sleep of bronze.” Euphemistic for death. So Virgil, AEn. x. 745, “Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget Somnus, in acternum clauduntur lumina noctem.” Compare Scott, “Sleep the sleep that knows not breaking.” Thus in the Bible we have death spoken of as a sleep: see especially the case of Lazarus in St. John's Gospel. §s of ri xúpiv föe = “whose favours he knew not at all.” Compare Virgil's “fuit aut tibi quidquam dulce meum.” toMA& 6’ 6akev : see Iliad ix. 146, and xviii. 593. 250–300. eūpāš = “sideways” = Lat. “a latere.” &veporpeq’s éyxos = “wind-nurtured spear-shaft.” Some explain this by Iliad xvii. 55, to 6é te (öppos—éAaims) twowal Sovéovow travtotov ăvéuov kai re 8pūet &v6ei Aevkº. Eustathius and Scholiast explain the epithet by the common opinion that trees which grow in exposed situations are usually the strongest and most vigorous from their frequent agitation by the wind. 5t’ &critičos otºrmore. This is best explained by Iliad iv. 468. TAeupá, rà oi kūpavri trap' &otríðos ééepad vôn, oitmore iv' &pma'6e: see on Iliad i. 28. ūtrepaé = “blowing violently,” not “blowing from above.” - #te = Attic #trep = “exactly that which leaps down upon the violet-coloured deep, and stirs it up.” 300–350. véſpea—Nótoto = “clouds, collected by Notos:” the genitive case is here causal. Compare Odyss. v. 99, &véuav Švaajav THE ILIAD. 11. 147 Méya kāua' &pyeaths = “making the atmosphere clear, bright” = prose form Aevicóvoros = Horace’s “albus Notus.” Others, however, make ëpyeoths = “rapid : ” see note on Iliad i. 50. The comparison implies that Hector breaks up the cloud-like masses of the Greeks, striking them down by death, as the sweeping Zephyrus is wont to scatter the clouds of Notus, “by striking them with the vast hurricane” (839ety AaíAatri Türrow). ëpya yévouro. The non-Attic poets use the plural of the verb with neuter-subject, metri gratiã. tí traffövts; = “what calamity has induced us?” tº tra64v; ri patów ; = Lat. “cur tandem.” Both are used always in a bad sense; the former as accidental, the latter as intentional : rſ tra6áv ; indicates rather a passive wmintentional error. Tí Ma96v ; indicates an active, inten- tional wrong. &AA’ paívvv6a juéav čoorerai ſãos = “but short will be our pleasure,” Newman, wrongly. juéov is rather the objective genitive, and the sense will then be, “only for a short time will they receive pleasure and support from us.” 750s = #5ová kal &qe^0s, Scholiast. SóAeral : this is the ancient way of writing 800Aeral. The common reading was €0éAel. Heyne has properly restored the present reading. &vtíðeov = “a match for a God:” see Iliad iii. 15. vie Süa Méporos : see Iliadii. 831. kelcáðav = a Tepha-as, Scholiast. érévvorae katē fora udyºmy = “adjusted the scale of carnage mutual.” This image of battle Homer has previously given us. kvXtvöeral : Scholiast, &trö 9eoû répxetal, Bapéa's katapépetal. Heyne, however, makes the verb middle here, as in ver. 307. köpia icv}\ivöeral. The consciousness that Zeus and Fate were on the side of Hector causes even Diomede to act the coward before Hector. 350–400. Tpup&Aeta, Tptirruxos, ai,xóris = “the helmet, thrice- plaited, and with perforated vizor.” &TéAeºpov = &uérpmrov. pietà. 80ipatos éxer Épaſhv = “went after the rush of the spear,” i.e., went to recover the rushing spear he had just hurled. 30, oi karaetorg.to yaims = “where on the earth it lighted,” Newman. kataetorato, Epic = kaðeforato, aor, middle of ka0éa. The genitive here is local, depending on 661 : so in Lat., “ubigentium,” “ubi terrarum.” # 0#v o' ééovča ye, ic.T.A. “Ay, verily, I will confront thee and slay thee, since, methinks, some one of the gods is on our side also to help us.” &vöw, present for future = Latin, “conficere” = English, “finish,” as applied to persons. ãv ke kixefa : the relative in the singular referring to a plural ante- cedent, renders the expression indefinite. ěčevdpuſev = “continued to strip and spoil,” force of imperfect. ot{\m kekauévos = “leaning on the grave-stone,” passive in middle sense; this he did to steady his aim. ãvöpolethtº - either “laboured by man,” or “laboured to the memory of a hero.” - Túxvv ráčov = “the centre-piece of the bow.” Sé8Amal: to be read metrically as a dissyllable. Tołóra, an expres- sion of disdain, and therefore followed by AoSyrhp, as in Iliad iv. 242, iáuwpot by éAeyxées. The bow was especially the Asiatic weapon. H 2 148 NOTES ON and despised by Europeans. Here képal = the bow, the material for the thing made: it is an Epic contracted form of képai, a form of transition to the iota subscribed of later Greek. Newman renders it = “horn- brilliant,” i.e., proud of thy horn bow. ečk &v–xpaíopport = “could not possibly avail.” Observe the inten- sive force of &v with the negative: here the subjunctive is used for the future indicative. Compare Horace, Od. i. 15, 13. 400–450. Tí tra,000 ; =: “What am I to do?” röväe uáAa xpe& Éotáuevot kpatepēs = “that one must by all means stand firm (in battle).” #Agaw ö’ v uéororolori, K.T.A., “they cooped him in the midst, bringing destruction among them.” ºyvaultrão, yāvvororiv: see Virgil's AEmeid, x. 714, “Ille (aper) autem impavidus partes cunctatur in omnes Dentibus infrendens.” *Aïöl kAvrotréAq = “Hades, of glorious steeds: ” so called from the steeds which bore away for him Proserpine. Compare Claudian de Rap. Pros. i. 1, “Inferni raptoris equos.” 450–500. & Seix', où pièv got ye, K.T.A. = “ay, wretched man, neither thy sire nor queenly mother shall close thy eyes in death.” Kaffaipeiv, = to draw down " (the eyelids) = Latin, “premere.” airãp éu’, K.T.A. = ay, but on the other hand, me, even me, will the divine Achaians bury with all due honours, should I happen to die : ” observe here the forces of airdp (Lat. “at”), of ču, emphatic, and of ye. ãº, kepax} x36e potós = “as much as the head of a man could take in " or utter. Compare the French expression, Crier de toute sa tête, crier a pleine téte. Bigato - Bläolvro. &Aečéueval yèp &pielvov. The clause of comparison is often omitted = “for to succour him is better than if we did not.” xelpºdppovs : see note on Iliad v. 87. 500–550. kexe500v = “the advance,” the onslaught of the enemy. ºpáppaka trágo'eiv. “Antiquos chirurgos Homerus, Chironis exemplo, herbarum succis vulnera Sanåsse, memorat. Hune et Sectiones adhi- buisse notat Pindarus Pyth. Od. iii. neque ingeniorum fons (Iliad xi.) to èkráuvely omisit.”—Johannes Rhodius. &s &p = “eacactly those which,” relative and demonstrative. perdºuevos = Lat. “irruens Saltu.” p.ſvvv6a 3& x&gero Soupós = “and but for a short time did he continue to recoil from (the use) of the spear.” Zeis Yáp oi, k.T.A. Modern critics have rejected this verse ; it is sanctioned, however, by Plutarch and by Aristotle (Rhet. ii. 9). ÖAfyou ‘ydvv yovvos àueiðav = “slowly moving knee after knee,” “receding step by step,” Newman. The whole passage is imitated by Virgil, AEn. ix. 789 sqq. f 550–600. trepi yüp Sté = “as he continued to fear exceedingly or.” Trepl = treptoro'às. - bvos: so Israel, in blessing his sons, compares Issachar to an ass, as an emblem of fortitude. vo9ás = “stubborn,” or = “slow.” According to Döderlein = oëöe. wbs oiâè TAmyów 366pºevos. THE ILIAD. 11. 149 & 3% troAA&, k.T.A. = “around whose sides full (5%) many cudgels have been broken (āuſple) in pieces.” &Biñorato traibas- “is wont to force his way through a guard of children,” just as we say, “to force a guard.” The aorist is the appropriate tense for comparisons: so we have lower down aſtrovöff t’éčáAagarav = “and with difficulty are they wont to drive it out.” Atavira, depends on viſagovtes, which contains the chief idea = Évvororov aiêv étréaevol. aëris Štroarpeq6els= “turning suddenly back upon them.” àpueva trpóa'aw =“speeding onwards.” ôóvač = “the arrow-shaft,” properly a reed. où6% & pmut ºpečeo 6’ = “and Ifancy he will not escape.” a dice’ &uoia't KAtvavires = “raising their shields on their shoulders,” something like the Roman “testudo.” &s of uev učpwavro, K.T.A., “then those fought—the image of blazing fire.” Any attempt to explain this bold figure by karū, or by making 6éuas, a sort of prepositional adverb like Öikmv, against all usage, destroys the poetry of the passage. 600–650. kakoſ, 3’ &pa oi réaev &px?) = “and straightway it became the commencement of his ruin.” This coming forth of Patroclus from the tent ended in his slaughter by Hector. vºv šta, K.T.A. According to the embassy to Achilles, recorded in bk. ix, this had already happened, which Achilles seems here to regard as future and probable; this, in Grote's opinion, is an evidence in favour of the existence of a primitive Achilleis, from the enlargement of which sprang the Iliad. ëvruva. Toorov &yet = &otis oitos éortlv, Šv &yet. ró w8, kexapiapóve 6vuò : an address full of exquisite tenderness = “thou who hast given joy, and still givest joy to this heart of mine” (the article is here emphatic and demonstrative). to 5’ ièpā ātreyòxovro, K.T.A. = “those stood fronting the breeze, close by the beach of the briny sea, and dried the perspiration from off their tunics.” troró tºpov = “a relish for their drink.” ošara ö’ attoo: from its four handles (“ears”) we must consider it a double-beaker (6étas ŠuqukūtreWAov). It had also eight doves (two on each handle), which were represented as pecking something (vehé6ovro). ev rá pá = “it was just in that,” and in no other. aiãotos, vegeomtés = “he is to be respected, his anger is justly to be dreaded.” 650–700. śkeſvos &väp = “the hero yonder,” i.e., Achilles. kał &vatºriov airićgro = “would haply blame even the blameless.” BegAmuévot oitéuevoſ Té. On the distinction between these words, see Iliad iv. 540. rojtov 6 &AAov = “but this man besides.” 'Apyelov &ékn'tt = “in spite of the Greeks.” &rigzepcº = prose éqséñs = “in order,” one after another. This digression of Homer has been much objected to by critics. Homer, however, “nil molitur ineptè.” The digression is appropriate to the context, because Nestor wishes, by example drawn from his own personal experience, to induce Patroclus to fight without orders from A chilles; secondly, the digression is appropriate to the character of J50 NOTES ON Nestor, whose senile prolixity and fond attachment to the memories “temporis acti,” are here fully brought out, as elsewhere, in his egotistical harangues, xpeſos épéſàet' = “a debt was due.” éA6&v–8ím : constructio kata otiveolv. Tây oios Attrópmv = “ and of those, I was the only one that was left.” 700–750. &pſpl 8& &aſtv = “throughout the circuit of the city,” an accusation of eactension. Tp(tº jaati. The dative of time, equal to the Latin ablative of time: the prose form defines the relation more accurately by év. MoAtove, Eurytus and Cteatus, the sons of Actor and Molione. Homer regards Actor only as their titular father, but Neptune as thei real father. See Iliad ii. 621; xiii. 185 and 207. Their frequent mention shows that they played an important part in the war. Opváeaga tróAis: Thryum. See Iliad ii. 592. veðrm IIöAov = “on the borders of Pylos.” &yeXatmv = “of the herd” (from &year) which is allowed to range at large with the herd, and not subdued to the yoke = 800s &öuñrm of Iliad x. 293. pdpuaka föm = “knew the herbs used in pharmacy.” orrāv Āa get& Tpouáxotori == stood right in the midst of the front rank men.” på often qualifies prepositions. &A&taša = “evertissem.” ordajore = “servâsset,” Jelf. eūpulpetov čvoortzôov. This passage is remarkable as being the only passage, in which Homer applies the term eipukpetov to any other than A gamemnon. 750–800, si—égéage. When ei is used with the indicative of historic tenses, and the consequent clause has also the indicative with #v, the truth"of both is denied ; Jelf. 81% airièéos reëtoto = “through the wide eactended plain.” orirtóhs from a trigo = Éxteſvo, according to Eustathius. &s éov, et Tot’ ov ye, ic.T.A. = Latin “talis fui, immo verö, si quando eram inter heroas” = “such I was, amidst the heroes, ay, if ever I was amidst them.” See note on Iliad iii. 180. ãvá tº èvrea kax& Aéyovres = “gathering up (or picking up) their beautiful harness.” #vôov = “in the house” (of Peleus): see v. 771. aúAïs év Xóptq = “in the enclosure of his palace.” &Aetorov = “a figured goblet,” from a, “not,” and Atºos, “smooth,” exactly Macaulay’s “goblets rough with gold.” sis &ya6áv rep = “for good, at all events.” ore ré to icovires = “thinking thee like to that one,” i.e., Achilles. 800–850. ÖAtºym 6é T' &várvevoris, K.T.A. This is a much disputed passage. Newman translates as follows, (they) “gain respite of their toil; and short the respite is of warfare.” &váirveva is is evidently to be taken twice, first as a subject with öxtym, and then as a predicate, em. phatically. In prose we should have ſcaí rep &Affym of ora övärvevorus troAéuov, &s &Ambás otiv &várvevais. Schneider, however, renders it, “They have but a short time to recruit themselves, for if not at once assisted, they will be destroyed.” &yoph re 0éuis re. These singulars denote here the places, whilst THE ILIAD. 12. 151 (Odyss. i. 112) their plurals refer to the transactions there performed or recommended. See the Introduction to Iliad ii. vić” #6ari Atapó. Compare Virgil x. 834, “Vulnera siccabat lymphis.” trpor = irpos, in spite of its separation, must be taken with 'AxtAños, in the sense of intró. 6traiótaros = #wepos = “more humane,” philanthropic : as opposed to his ruder brethren. In Od. i. 175, où 6íkatos is = &yptos, and con- trasted with pixóēelvos. So, in St. Matthew's Gospel, Joseph is de- scribed as “humane,” “gentle,” Sikatos, not “just,” as wrongly trans- lated in our version. BOOK 12. SUMMARY.--While Patroclus tends the wounded Eurypylus, the Greeks are driven to their entrenchments, the future destruction of which, formerly threatened by Apollo and Neptune, is now distinctly foretold. Hector, by advice of Polydamas the seer, causes his troops to dismount and attack on foot. Asius alone, with his chariot, clears the ditch, which he was doomed never to recross. Hector succeeds in forcing one of the gates. Glaucus is slightly wounded by an arrow of Teucrus. 1–50. 9eów &ékmri = “Divis invitis,” Virgil. >ipºdels, 60t, K.T.A. Compare Virgil, AEn. i. 100, “ubi tot Simois cor- repta sub undis Scuta viram galeasque, et fortia corpora volvit.” Observe that in Homer the Simois is named only six times, and is made an inferior stream to the Scamander, which is pronounced a god (616s Te Xrduavöpos). The Scamander in Homer becomes a god under the title “Xanthus,” and his attributes are 6ſos and Ötorpedºs. Simois, on the other hand, has no divinity, and no distinctive epithets, and in summer ran almost dry. In Homer, no place or person is honoured by any epithet derived from Simois, whereas “Scamandrius,” is the name given by Hector to his son. And “the meadow” or “plain” where the Greek army was reviewed, was called “Scamandrian.” Now Virgil has strangely and unaccountably reversed all this: with the Latin Poet, Simois is everything, and Scamander nothing (AEn. i. 104, xi. 256, v. 261, &c.). Was it because Simóis (the anapest) suited his sonorous, stately numbers better than the dragging and heavy Scămândăr? Bodypta = Tá ràv 80ów &ypeſ wata (86etal &atrióes) = “Lat. “exuviae botum,” also “ ox-hides” (älvoſ), and the “shields prepared from them.” ev kovinat: material names are often found in the plural; the plural parts being considered rather than the singular, whole; but kovím (sin- gular) is used, when battle or danger is especially signified. §e 3’ &pa Zets. The subject is here expressed with Öe, though in post-Homeric Greek it was generally omitted : the same subject must be supplied to vibel, 8povtå, and similar words. So in Latin, “pluit,” “ningit,” “tonat.” Both the Greeks and Romans regarded Jupiter as the god of the atmosphere, and of all phenomena connected there. with. 152 NOTES ON Sočpara trºpywy = “the timbers of the towers.” s - {& tº py & ioxavčovro = “se continebant.” Latin. &s 6 &t’ &v čv re küveral, k, t.A. See Wirgil, AEm, ix. 551, “Ut fera, quae densá, venantúm septa coroná Contra tela furit, seseque haud nescia morti Injicit, et Saltu supra venabula fertur.” 50–100. ittrol—&kūtroöes: compare Statius, Theb. x. 517, “ut patulas saltu transmittere fossas Horror equis; haerent trepidi; atque immane parentes Abreptum mirantur agi.” oxe6bv: understand ék too orxe5bv = “adstando prope ad fossae oram, ut saltu facilius transitias.” Heyne. a reſvos = 6vaxepils tétros. Tpéged 6ai = €Aattojabai = “come to injury,” suffer a defeat, as tpājaa = Tpotrºl. &T’ ”Apyeos = “far away from Argolis.” traxtośts has the iota long, as it is formed by contraction from taxivia'éts. éviträftwuev = “rush into ; ” this intransitive sense is limited to the poets. 'Apto:876ev. See Virgil's Georgics, iii. 270, “Illas ducit amor, trans Gargara, transque sonantem Ascanium.” ºrpuxées = “heavy-armed foot-soldiers.” 100—150. Siakpiðby = the English term “decidedly.” ral šić, Trávrov = “even among all : ” genitive of comparison. oi à étrel &AA#Xovs àpapov, K.T.A. : according to Heyne, this is put for &papov &ortrföas &AA#Awy Śir’ &AA#Aous : clypeos consertos manibus ante se tenebant, ovvaortrío up facto. Kennedy observes we may trace here the rude outline of the celebrated phalanx. It seems better to render the above passage = “But when those had knitted themselves to each other by their compacted shields of bull’s hide, they advanced full in a straight line on the Greeks, eager (for the battle).” émikekAlpiévas oravíðas: Heyne infers from this passage that the gates opened inwards, being secured from within by a double bolt. elws: relative conjunction for the demonstrative réos. Soxué, T' &footovre = eis TAdytov Špuðvres. Horace, Odes iii. 22, 7, “Werris obliquum meditantis ictum.” 6éxarai = 6éxoviral = “await,” Lat., “excipiunt.” 150–200. ašov &ütevv = “aridum sonabant.” So Virgil in Georg, i. 357, “Aridws altis montibus audire fragor.” &Aao Thoras: Scholiast Selvoira.0%gas. uéorov aidAoi = “fleasible in the middle,” Büttman, who says, “in no case is flexibility more evident than in the wasp, where the lower part of its body is joined, as it were, by a point with the upper.” Newman, quite consistent in his theory of alóAos = “motly,” and utterly ignoring the notion of flexibility, given by Büttman, translates by, “as wasps with stripy waist.” This is certainly more true to nature. Compare Sophocles, aiéAos Spårcov, aiéAa vö; : the latter even Buttman translates, THE ILIAD. 12. 153 “Nox (astris) varia,” not “varium,” as appears by inadvertence, in p. 43 of Newman's Iliad. Aduaorov–5&pagore : observe the play made by Homer on the name of the hero. So in Shakespeare we have plays made on “Hotspur,” “John of Gaunt,” &c. êvãptſov &n': observe that &mb is used here in its original form as an adverb ; it here follows its verb, generally it precedes it. The verb, like verbs of depriving, governs two accusatives. 200–250. Aaby éépywv = “dividing the host,” i.e., flying between the Greeks and Trojans; having the Greeks on the right (favourable omen of the issue of the conflict), and the Trojans on the left (an whlucky omen for them). See Virgil’s AEn. xi. 751. qow#evra = 6aqowów, Iliadii. 308. kópe yap airtov = “for (the serpent) wounded the (eagle) itself.” alóAov čºpu = “the sheeny snake.” Observe that the o in Öqu is lengthened. Newman has “the stripy serpent.” étritAſia orets = “throw in my teeth,” rebuke. érel oběč ačv, K.T.A., “since it by no means seems right to thee that one who is a commoner should utter anything contrary to thy (coun- sel).” 8740w = &muðtmv : so in Horace, “plebs eris” for “a plebe eris.” ei éteów ye = “ay, since of a truth.” où6' étéAegae (pépov, K.T.A.: “and she succeeded not in bearing it to give her own brood.” The infinitive 6&eval denotes the purpose. oùs key . . . . Öndºorovaſiv. The future-indicative with key shows that the matter spoken of is certain under certain conditions. air& kéAévôa = rô, air& kéAev6a. ei 6 reby 3%, k.T.A. = “if now in very truth thou speakest this word in earnest.” ãote = Attic &otrep = “those very (counsels) which.” Aa3é00al, aorist–“ at Once to forget,” so soon after the promises given. Töv ot) ºr uératpétropiai : we must not here misconstrue, as some have done, the religious sentiments of Hector: observe that he only dis- regards those omens which, as here, contradict the direct and positive injunctions of the gods, communicated personally to himself. A few lines before (234–235), Hector accuses Polydamas of infatuation in bidding him forget the counsels of “ loud-thundering Zeus.” See further, the note below on ver. 242. Tpos jór #éAtów re = “towards the morning red and (rising) sun.” Homer only notices two points of the compass, the east and the west : the point where morning blushes and the sun rises, and that where he sets in the evening gloom (£890s). §s träori 6pmtois ical &6avátovoſiv čváorget. So far was Hector from being sceptical (see note on ver. 237 above) that he expresses here his full confidence in the personal superintendence of Zeus, “who,” he says, “reigns as supreme sovereign amongst all beings, mortal and immortal.” Observe the force here of &vač = “the supreme monarch,” implied in &vāororet: next observe that we have a local dative case : the sense of merely “ruling over,” would require a genitive case, see Iliad i. 288. Hector then confesses his trust in a God who rules, and lives among his subjects. eſs oiwvös &ptoros, K.T.A. Here the infinitive is the subject of the - H 3 154 NOTES ON sentence. See Arist. Rhet. ii. 12, and Cicero's Epistles to Atticus, ii. 3. Horace has “dulce et decorum est pro patriá, mori.” 250–300. ióēs vmäv = “straight up to the ships.” 6éAye = “spell-bound,” or “bewitched.” kpóra as tripyav. These were Bapitães or āvağafluol, as in Herod. ii. 125. trelphruſov—ipvov–épeutrov—éuðxAeov: all imperfect tenses to express either the attempt or the continuance of the action spoken of &AAov usixtytois, K.T.A. Zeugma. The verb vetkeov, which is only properly applicable to the last clause, here does the duty also of some such verb as ātpwyov in the first clause. töotev: optative to denote indefinite frequency. keaevríoavt’ = “ continually cheering on,” frequentative of kexeſ w. Kolpºfforas ā'āvéuovs = “having lulled to slumber the winds.” ūq)pa kaxiºn = “until he shall have covered” (future-perfect). triova èpya = “the rich fields cultivated (by men):” Milton's “rural works,” Virgil's “bothmgue labores.” tratóvito = “continued to wing their flight,” frequentative form. ēśńAarov = “ of beaten metal,” or = Lat, “malleo ductam.” 300–350. Tºm 6% völ, ic. T.A.: see Milton's Paradise Lost, ii. 450, ** wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reign, Refusing to accept as great a share Of hazard as of honour, due alike To him who reigns, and so much to him due Of hazard more, as he above the rest High honoured sits.” See also the episode, Iliad vi. 119—130. Tupopópolo = “wheat-bearing.” Tuppópos = “fire-bearing.” ei aiel 6), k.T.A. = “if we should be destined quite for ever to be deathless, and exempt from old age.” où pºv &KAmeis = “certainly not without glory” (u2v = why). Horace, “non sine gloriá.” traorai yüp Taxato (from étréxa) = “all the gates were closed.” Kat' air&s = “contra eas,” “e regione earum.” To trópos rep = Latin, “jamdudum” = “this long time.” trep oios = “though he be alone,” i.e., without his brother. 350–400. oièë uáA #8ów = “not even (though) quite in the bloom of life and strength.” oëbè is not connective but emphatic here. &Ato Aa36v. In post-Homeric Greek we should have Ag0e with a participle. 400–470. Saueum = “might lie prostrate.” Homer clearly marks the distinction in many verbs between aor. 1 and aor. 2. Here, as elsewhere, the second aorist expresses the state consequent on completed action. - 6éo 6al kéNev6ov = “force at once my way” (middle and aorist). étričávº v špoëpm = “in a common field,” to which each lays claim. uérpa appears to be the lines used in measuring ground = Lat. “lineae mensurales.” épéábar' (phaguai, from patva) = “were bedabbled.” pó8ov troiâa ai = “produce the rout,” not merely “fear,” but its effect, THE ILIAD. 12. 155 &AA’ exov = “but they continued to hold their ground.” &orre = Attic &otrep = “just as.” . xepvirts &Amēſis = “an honest working (woman).” According to Fäsi, td.Xaura = “scales,” ord 9aos = “weight” placed in one of the scales, and éxov (eixov) refers to the two contending parties which remained opposite to each other, like the scales of the balance. Compare Milton, Paradise Lost, bk. vi. 245, “long time in even scale The battle hung.” &Aqls &véAket = “draws it up on both sides,” that both the scales might be raised in the air, (&piq's = Éicatépa,0ev). ăuſpotépovs 6alpots = “both the hinges,” i.e., as the Scholiasts explain it, the pivots, orpāquy-yes, at top and bottom. : : & : : APPENDICES. —0– I. “IF the initial incident of the second book, whereby we pass out of the Achilléis into the Iliad, is awkward, so also the final incident of the seventh book, immediately before we come back into the Achilléis, is not less unsatisfactory—I mean the construction of the wall and ditch round the Greek camp. As the poem now stands, no plausible reason is assigned why this should be done. Nestor proposes it with- out any constraining necessity, for the Greeks are in a career of victory, and the Trojans are making offers of compromise, which imply conscious weakness, while Diomèdès is so confident of the approach- ing ruin of Troy, that he dissuades his comrades from receiving even Helen herself if the surrender should be tendered. “‘Many Greeks have been slain,’ it is true,” as Nestor observes; but an equal or greater number of Trojans have been slain, and all the Grecian heroes are yet in full force: the absence of Achilles is not even adverted to. “Now this account of the building of the fortification seems to be an afterthought, arising out of the enlargement of the poem beyond its original scheme. The original Achilléis, passing at once from the first to the eighth,” and from thence to the eleventh book, might well assume the fortification, and talk of it as a thing existing, without adducing any special reason why it was erected. The hearer would naturally comprehend and follow the existence of a ditch and wall round the ships as a matter of course, provided there was nothing in * Iliad vii. 327. + Heyne treats the eighth book as decidedly a separate song or epic ; a supposition which the language of Zeus and the Agora of the gods at the beginning are alone sufficient to refute in my judgment (Excursus I. ad lib. xi. vol. vi. 269). This Excursus, in describing the sequence of events in the Iliad, passes at once and naturally from bk. viii. to blº. xi. And Mr. Payne Knight, when he defends bk. xi. against Heyne, says, “Quae in undecimä rhapsodiá Iliadis narrata sunt, haud minus ex anté nar- ratis pendent : neque rationem pugna commissae, neque rerum in ea gestarum nexum atque ordinem, quisquam intelligere posset, nisi tram et secesswm Achillis, et victoriam quan Trojani inde consecuti erant, antea cognosset.” (Prolegom, cap. xxix.) Perfectly true: to understand the eleventh book, we must have before us the first and the eighth (which are those that describe the anger and with- drawal of Achilles, and the defeat which the Greeks experience in con- sequence of it); we may dispense with the rest. wº & APPENDICES. 157 the previous narrative to make him believe that the Greeks had originally been without these bulwarks. And since the Achilléis, immediately after the promise of Zeus to Thetis at the close of the first book, went on to describe the fulfilment of that promise, and the ensuing disasters of the Greeks, there was nothing to surprise any one in hearing that their camp was fortified. But the case was altered when the first and eighth books were parted asunder in order to make room for descriptions of temporary success and glory on the part of the besieging army. The brilliant scenes sketched in the books from the second to the seventh, mention no fortification, and even imply its non-existence; yet, since notice of it occurs amidst the first description of Grecian disasters in the eighth book, the hearer who had the earlier books present to his memory might be surprised to find a fortification mentioned immediately afterwards, unless the con- struction of it were specially announced to have intervened. But it will at once appear, that there was some difficulty in finding a good reason why the Greeks should begin to fortify at this juncture, and that the poet who discovered the gap, might not be enabled to fill it up with success. As the Greeks have got on up to this moment with- out the wall, and as we have heard nothing but tales of their success, why should they now think farther laborious precautions for security necessary We will not ask why the Trojans should stand quietly by, and permit a wall to be built, since the truce was con- cluded expressly for burying the dead.* * O. Müller (Hist. Greek Lit. chap. v. sect. 6) says about this wall,— “Nor is it until the Greeks are taught by the eacperience of the first day's fighting, that the Trojans can resist them in open battle, that the Greeks build the wall round their ships. . . . . This appeared to Thucydidés so little conformable to historical probability, that, without regard to the authority of Homer, he placed the building of these walls immediately after the landing.” It is to be lamented, I think, that Thucydidès took upon himself to deter- mine the point at all as a matter of history; but when he once undertook this, the account in the Iliad was not of a nature to give him much satisfac- tion, nor does the reason assigned by Müller make it better. It is implied in Müller's reason that before the first day's battle, the Greeks did not believe that the Trojans could resist them in open battle; the Trojans (according to him) never had maintained the field so long as Achilles was up and fighting on the Grecian side, and therefore the Greeks were quite astonished to find now, for the first time, that they could do so. Now, nothing can be more at variance with the tenor of the second and following books than this supposition. The Trojans come forth readily and fight gallantly; neither Agamemnón, nor Nestor, nor Odysseus consider them as enemies who cannot hold front; and the circuit of exhortation by Aga- memnón (Epipôlesis), so strikingly described in the fourth book, proves that he does not anticipate a very easy victory. Nor does Nestor, in proposing the construction of the wall, give the smallest hint that the power of the Trojans to resist in the open field was to the Greeks an unexpected discovery. The reason assigned by Müller, then, is a fancy of his own, proceeding from the same source of mistake as others among his remarks; because he tries to find, in the books between the first and eighth, a governing reference to 158 APPENDICES. “The tenth (or Doloneia) was considered by some of the ancient Scholiasts,” and has been confidently set forth by the modern Wolfian critics, as originally a separate poem, inserted by Peisistratus into the Iliad. How it can ever have been a separate poem, I do not under- stand. It is framed with great specialty for the antecedent circum- stances under which it occurs, and would suit for no other place; though capable of being separately recited, inasmuch as it has a definite beginning and end, like the story of Nisus and Euryalus in the AEneid. But while distinctly presupposing and resting upon the incidents in the eighth book, and in line 88 of the ninth (probably, the appointment of sentinels on the part of the Greeks as well as of the Trojans formed the close of the battle described in the eighth book), it has not the slightest bearing upon the events of the eleventh or the following books; it goes to make up the general picture of the Trojan war, but lies quite apart from the Achilléis. And this is one mark of a portion subsequently inserted,—that, though fitted on to the parts which precede, it has no influence on those which follow. “If the proceedings of the combatants on the plain of Troy, between the first and the eighth book, have no reference either to Achilles, or to an Achilléis, we find Zeus in Olympus still more completely putting that hero out of the question, at the beginning of the fourth book. He is, in this last-mentioned passage, the Zeus of the Iliad, not of the Achilléis. Forgetful of his promise to Thetis in the first book, he discusses nothing but the question of continuance or termination of the war, and manifests anxiety only for the salvation of Troy, in oppo- sition to the miso-Trojan goddesses, who prevent him from giving effect to the victory of Menelaus over Paris, and the stipulated restitu- tion of Helen, in which case, of course, the wrong offered to Achilles would remain unexpiated. An attentive comparison will render it evident that the poet who composed the discussion among the gods, at the beginning of the fourth book, has not been careful to put him- self in harmony either with the Zeus of the first book, or with the Zeus of the eighth.”—Grote's Greek History, ii. 252—255. Achilles (the point of view of the Achilléis), which those books distinctly refuse. The Achilléis was a poem of Grecian disasters up to the time when Achilles sent forth Patroclus; and during those disasters, it might suit the poet to refer by contrast to the past time when Achilles was active, and to say that then the Trojans did not dare even to present themselves in battle array in the field, whereas now they were assailing the ships. But the author of books ii. to vii. has no wish to glorify Achilles; he gives us a picture of the Trojan war generally, and describes the Trojans not only as brave and equal enemies, but well known by the Greeks to be so. The building of the Grecian wall, as it now stands described, is an unex- plained proceeding which Müller's ingenuity does not render consistent. * Schol. ad Iliad, x. 1, APPENDIGES. 159 II. —THE DIGAMMA. IN the old Pelasgic language, as in the Phoenician, the Latin, and the Gothic branch of the Sanscrit, there was a letter occupying the sixth place in the alphabet, which, from its resemblance to two gammas (TT = F), and from its more permanent use among the Æolic tribe, was called the AEolic Digamina ; its name in earlier times was Vau, Fau, or Bau. It became gradually disused, till at length its existence and its use were almost forgotten. In pronunciation it almost ex- pressed the force of the English and Latin f; it is still found on coins and inscriptions. • The many apparent cases of hiatus in Homer's verses are explained by the fact that in the AEolic part of Asia Minor, this letter was in actual use; though it is not found written in any copy of Homer that has come down to us. That some words have the digamma at one time, and not at another, may be explained by supposing that in other parts of Asia Minor it was obsolete, though still recognised, and that Homer being acquainted with the language in both these forms, used either of them as best suited his verse. It was scarcely known to the post-Homeric poets. Traces of the digamma were retained in some forms of the different dialects. In the Doric it became, 1. 8 or y, as Fis became 8ta, and Latin, “vis; ” so we have 8eficati, pd{30s, 8póðov, Doric for eticoat, pdos, §660w, and yoſvos = Folvos, oivos, Lat. “vinum.” 2. The vowel v, which with another vowel forms the diphthongs, as vaús for vd Fs. 3. A smooth breathing, as Fis = “vis,” is. 4. An aspirate, as éotia = Lat. “Westa.” In the Ionic and Attic Greek it was retained under the form of v in the middle before a consonant, or at the end of words, as fiéFo, fista'a, Lat. “rivus ; ” Baoixévs, BagińéFs (modern Greek “vasilefs”); Boüs, BóFs = “bovis.” It is, however, lost, 1. at the beginning of a word before a vowel or p, as oikos = Lat. “vicus,” orðhs = Lat. “vestis,” ap = “ver,” 5?yos = Lat. “frigus.” 2. In the middle of a word between two vowels, &óv = “ovum,” aičºv = “aevum.” 3, after a g, as may be seen by comparing the cognate languages: ätvos, a Fútwos, “swapnas,” Sanscrit. So in the English “sword,” the w is dropped. (See Jelf’s Greek Grammar, vol. i.) - The subject of the digamma has been very ably handled by Colonel Mure (Greek Lit., vol. i.), whose views we briefly subjoin : This author considers the digamma to have been a mere subsidiary letter, having the character of a vowel-consonant, or in the technical language of the Oriental schools, of a quiescible letter. It was chiefly used as a liquid guttural or aspirate, somewhat akin to our English wh, to impart emphasis to the initial vowels of words, and possessed the power, with certain limitations, of creating metrical position. The pure consonant in Greek, is that which contains the essentially radical element of words, and cannot, therefore, be added or omitted at pleasure, as happens with the digamma, as Fera, and etra, Favač and avaš, Fexco and eXo. Again, solidity is a peculiar and essential attribute of a pure consonant, as contrasted with the weakness and liquidity of vowels and other elements. This power chiefly shows itself in creating 160 APPENDICES. metrical position; yet this power is ignored in the digamma theory, when such phrases as ert Fiówy are contracted into etričov, and aire- Foticia's becomes attøktae. In the text of the Æolian poets, the digamma appears sometimes as possessed of consonantal power, and at other times not, and the same word which is “digammatised” by one author, stands unaffected by any such influence in another. The same holds good of extant monu- mental inscriptions. Take the following illustrations:— ouros. This word, habitually affected by the digamma in Homer, is quoted accordingly by Dionysius Hali., among his standard examples derived from the primitive dialects. Yet in Sappho the element is powerless, ovk acrivns träpfolkets; ov Yap Taagow eya, givPoiketv : and Alcman has a ypFoucos. eitely. Among the passages of the AEolian lyric poets commonly cited by modern critics, as illustrating the use of the digamma in the text of those authors, are two lines of the celebrated dialogue between Alcaeus and Sappho, 6exa Ti Feltmv, ańAa pie icoxvel, ſcal ue Ti Feltmv YAworo’ ervica kakov. Yet elsewhere we have, in the same poets, ev Xtraptº Aoyov ovk attaxâu. vövFeltrmv, and alk’ Feltrns ra. 6.exels. etàov. In this word, so extensively digammatised by Homer, and Latinised as “video,” the element seems to assert its consonant power only in a single passage of the AEolian poets, os ore yap Fióo. In numerous instances, on the other hand, the term is used in such a manner as to exclude that power: 50 orów Fišeiv, Touré orivſotòa, pačvvöv Fetà0s, trpás FiSoto av. epyov, avač. In these terms the consonant power is promiscuously enforced or discarded in the AEolic usage, precisely as in Homer, at the discretion of the individual poets. Alcaeus: trpatiot' viro Fepyov eotapaev Toče. But Sappho, Avôtov kååv Fepyov. Alcman has, ou ‘yap *yoyé Fåvaoroſa, and kai Toi Favaš, but also Evreuxm T' Favalcra. ov, eo. Even here, where the consonant power of the digamma is beld throughout the Hellenic dialects, to have been most universally wind permanently enforced, Alcaeus seems to discard it : vow 8 Feavra. vapºtrav aepperat. Now the same or even greater irregularity is observable in the orthography of the AEolian monumental inscriptions. In the Elean tablet the digamma is appended to several of the words known to have been susceptible of digammatic influence : Fapyov (= Fepyov), Feros, Fetros, and others. In the Petilian inscription, on the other hand, and in one Boeotian monument, we find Ömuwpyos, and in several Boeotian inscriptions, evepyerav. An Olympic helmet has Auſt; but the Elean inscription, though of more ancient date than that helmet, prefers the contracted form Al. The Melian inscription has afuto ; but in all other Æolian monuments the word is written in the usual ImāInnelſ. All these examples tend to show the unsteady fluctuating character of this element, independently of the text of Homer. The use of the digamma was longest retained in monumental usage by the Boeotian states. Down to Olympic czlv., it occursin the Boeotian APPENDICES. 161 inscriptions (in the same irregular mode above noticed) in most of the words where traces of it are perceptible in Homer, as in Foukos, Feros, Fioros, Favaš, and others; after this period, the digamma disappears from the monuments. The notion that “a pure consonant,” in the form of the digamma thus became banished from the language is equally unparalleled and incredible. A change of this kind is only conceivable in the case of some subsidiary element (such as we suppose the digamma to have been), not radically essential to words, but merely endued with a power of modifying and sustaining other letters and syllables. No writer is so purely AEolic as Hesiod; contrasted with Homer, he was perfectly free from “Ionian undigammatical” influence. Yet Hesiod's use of the digamma, both in its strength and its weakness, in its constancy and its lubricity, is identical with that of Homer, as well as with that of his own AFolian kinsmen in Lesbos, Elis, Orcho- menos, and Magna Graecia, from the seventh down to the second century B.C. The element possessed, therefore, as little the power of “a pure consonant” in the most primitive AEolo-Boeotian Epic dialect, as in the supposed degenerate usage of the Iliad and Odyssey. It appears, then, that the digamma never at any period, either in Ionia, Boeotia, or Æolia, in the Epic poetry of Homer or Hesiod, or in the lyric odes of Alcaeus or Sappho, formed a necessary ingredient of manuscript orthography. The reason is apparent. Being a mere liquid element, the powers of which could be sustained or dispensed with at the discretion of the poet, it seemed more elegant as well as convenient to omit it constantly, than to insert it constantly, where its effects were so inconstant. The remaining alternative, to omit it, orinsert it by twºrms in the same word from metrical considerations, as its powers were alternately to be exercised or suspended, would have had a singu- larly incongruous effect, and would have been an anomaly which, as repugnant to the general law and usage of polite orthography in every age in similar cases, we are not entitled, on mere speculative grounds, to assume could ever have been sanctioned either by Homer himself, or by the primitive literature of his country and race. III.--THE EMBASSY TO ACHILLES. (Book IX.) Peculiar Character of his Eloquence. (Extract from Mure's Greek Lit., vol. i., pp. 307–310). “IT is in his address to Agamemnon's deputation, in the ninth book, that the genius of the hero's eloquence is most vividly displayed. This whole debate is indeed a wonderful specimen of rhetorical as well as poetical power, perhaps the highest effort of Homer's dramatic art. The order and dignity with which it is conducted, the happy allotment to each speaker of his own characteristic tone and style, and the skill with which their respective resources of natural oratory are brought to bear on the momentous question at issue, are all equally admirable. I 162 APPENDICES. The harangue of Ulysses is distinguished by the persuasive eloquence of the sage, the courtier, and the practised pleader; that of Phoenix is the touching, but somewhat diffuse appeal of the ancient guardian to his beloved pupil; while Ajax steps in at the close, cutting short the fruitless negotiation by a blunt expression of sullen resentment at the stern, unforgiving temper of their host. The address of Achilles himself is one continued struggle of a proud spirit, to preserve calm- ness amid a fierce conflict of passions. So long as the train of his discourse is confined to explanation of his own conduct, it maintains a comparatively equable tenor; but no sooner does it involve any closer allusion to the author of his wrong, than his indignation effervesces into sallies of virulent, almost bewildered invective. It is this mixture of calmness and impetuosity, of haughty self-command and fervid agitation, which gives the tone to the whole speech, subdividing it, by successive bursts of excited feeling, into clauses or paragraphs, which, rising in pathos to a sort of climax, again subside into a more placid mood, until a fresh recurrence of the former stimulus. “The deputation is received courteously, even affectionately; but neither friendship for its members, nor the abject submission of Agamemnon can bend the sternness of the hero’s purpose. Ulysses, the chief spokesman of the party, obtains a patient hearing. Achilles then, after a gentle taunt at the studied grace of the Ithacan chief's oratory, declares his own intention to speak his mind bluntly and openly, in two remarkable lines, which passed into a proverb against every species of duplicity or artifice: 312, éx6pos ydp uot kelvos épôs 'Alèao TúAmaiu, §s x' \repov učv keiôn ev) ppealy, &AAo 3è effirm. As he passes on to stigmatise the weakness and iniquity of Agamem. non's rule, his language becomes agitated to incoherence: 316, ême, owic &pa ris xàpts fiev p.dpvaarðat Smioioſiv čT' &vöpāori voxepičs aieſ. form uoſpa uévoviri, kai ei udaa Tis Troxepiſov év 8& ifi ripºff huěv kaicos #5& ſcal éo.6Aós, lcárðav Šuás & T' &epyös &vhp 3 Te ToxA& éopy&s. . . . He next recapitulates, in a more tranquil strain of honest satisfaction, his own disinterested services to the common cause, contrasting them with the eagerness of his laggard commander to appropriate their fruits, under the figure of a parent bird which fares ill, and stints herself in her efforts to provide for her helpless nestlings: 323, &s 5 &pvis &Trial veogorolort trpoq’épportv pudaºraic’ tref ice AdSport, kakós 3’ &pa of tréAet airfi, ës kal éyò . . . . This simile offers a fine example of another powerful weapon of Homer's poetical rhetoric, the Onomatopoeia, or adaptation of the sound of words to their sense. The emphatic expression of scorn in the figure consists greatly in the succession of low sibilant or hiss- ing syllables in its more prominent metrical cadences. “As the train of ideas again touches on sorer points, the hero's APPENDICES. 163 wrath finds vent in a series of abrupt interrogatories, wound up to an electrifying climax of withering sarcasm : 335, - éueſ, 5 &trö uoſºvov 'Axatów elast’, ¥el 5’ &Aoxov 6vuapéa rā trapuatov Teptréa'60. Tí Šē Öeſ troAspugéueval Tp(6eorgiv Apyetovs; T & Aabv &vāyayev čv643’ &yeſpas 'Arpetóms; ? oix ‘EAévms évek hijkóuoto ; 7 poſſuot pixáova’ &Aoxovs wepôtwv &v0p6trov 'Atpetóat ; . . . . “His injunction to the negotiators faithfully to report his answer to their employer, “who had not dared himself to appear in his presence,” brings on another still fiercer sally of broken invective, terminating in a scornful dismissal from his thoughts of so contemptible an object: 372, * { s w 3. y aiêv &vaičeimv étrielpièvos. oiâ’ &v čº affºrts éatrápott' étrésorgiv' &Ats 6é oi. &AA& Éicn80s 3 * * * 3. M ‘5. f * f f éâ5éra' éic yap et ppévas elAeto puntieta Zeiſs. “From this point his language, resuming and maintaining to the close a more sober and placid tone, is seasoned with moral reflec- tions on the vanity of life, its duration and pursuits, and with allusions to the especial fatality of his own destiny, all marked by a simple and impressive melancholy. . His final declaration to abide by his previous resolve, is couched in calm and friendly, but peremptory terms. “With the above series of passages may be collated his dialogue with Patroclus in the sixteenth book. The same characteristics of his eloquence are there reproduced, in strikingly parallel forms, in the torrent of broken sentences with which he passes in review the disasters of the army, the circumstances of its defeat, the need of his succour, the speedy change it would produce, the folly and shame of Agamemnon, his own triumph. See Iliad xvi. 67–70.” END OF PART 1ſ. WOL. I. DR, DE FIWAS' FRENGH SCHOOL B00KS. Attention is respectfully invited to the following eminently useful Series of French Class Books, which have enjoyed an unprecedented popularity, and are in use at most of the Colleges and Schools throughout the United Kingdoin and the Colonies. 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