Museums
QK
163
,R 653
O DEO<<><><*
FLORULA LUDOVICIANA.
FLORA
OF
LOUISIANA.
BY
ROBIN AND RAFINESQUE.
WITH A
SUPPLEMENT AND APPENDIX.
BY
C. S. RAFINESQUE.
NEW-YORK:
*
PUBLISHED BY C. WILEY & co.
NO. 3 WALL-STREET.
1817.
*
*

1817
VIL
SCIENTIA
ARTES
VERITAS
LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
TERARIOUS
UN
TUEBOR
SI QUERIS PENINSULAM AMCNAM
CIRCUMSPICE



FLORULA LUDOVICIANA.


FLORULA LUDOVICIANA;
OR,
A FLORA
OF THE
STATE OF LOUISIANA.
-***
TRANSLATED, REVISED, AND IMPROVED,
FROM THE FRENCH OF C. C. ROBIN,
BY C. S. RAFINESQUE,
Of the Royal Institute of Naples, the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-
York, the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,
&c. &c. &c. Author of the Analysis
of Nature, &c. &c. &c.
-***-
Quand les matériaux sont imparfails, l'édifice ne peut pas être complet:
NEW-YORK:
PUBLISHED BY C. WILEY & CO.
NO. 3 WALL-STREET.
1817.
Price One Dollar.

Nestlus
163
R653
C. S. VAN WINKLE, PRINTER,
No. 101 Greenwich-street.

73-210158
THIS FLORA
IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO
DEWITT CLINTON, LL. D.
GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK,
PRESIDENT OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL
SOCIETY OF NEW-YORK,
AND
PRESIDENT OF MANY OTHER LEARNED AND
BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, &c. &c.
BY
C. S. RAF INESQUE.


FLORULA LUDOVICIANA;
OR,
FLORA
OF THE
STATE OF LOUISIANA.
->0*0€-
PREAMBLE.
Mr. C. C. Robin published in Paris, in 1807, in
3 vols. 8vo. and in French, his Travels in Louisiana,
West Florida, and the West Indies, performed be-
tween 1802 and 1806. At the end of the third and
last volume, from page 311 to 525, he has inserted
his Flore Louisianaise, or Descriptions of the Plants
observed in Louisiana, classed according to the me-
thod of Jussieu. In perusing this Flora, I was as-
tonished to find, among many blunders in nomenclature
and classification, several accurate descriptions and
valuable additions to the knowledge of plants, their
geography, utility, and natural history. Having,
therefore, compared with attention all his descriptions
with the Floras of North America of Michaux and
Pursh, I became convinced that a great number of
new genera and species, unknown to those authors,
were described by Robin. Pursh, having published
his Flora in 1814, might have availed himself of this

8
valuable work ; but had he even had a knowledge of
it, it is probable that the circumstances of its being
written in French, classed naturally, and often destitute
of accurate botanical names, would have been con-
sidered by him as sufficient grounds for his neglect,
since he has been pleased to neglect other descrip-
tions of plants wrote in English and well named.
Considering, therefore, that a revisal and translation
of Robin's Flora, might be a desirable addition to
Pursh's Flora, and our knowledge of North American
Botany, I have undertaken this task, which has, in
many instances, proved an arduous one, owing to the
numerous misnames and errors of the author, who
does not appear to have been a professed Botanist,
but a mere observer and collector; his observations
and descriptions are, however, generally accurate,
which is proved by his descriptions of well known
plants. I have preserved, throughout, the classifica-
tion of Jussieu, adopted by Robin, and the order in
which he has enumerated his plants, adding merely
numbers to each ; this conformity has appeared to me
desirable, in order to facilitate a comparison of our
different labours, and to show at once many of Robin's
mistakes: I was, however, inclined to change the whole
classification of this Flora, and adopt my improved
natural arrangement, but as this would have overset
altogether the plan of Robin, I was induced to prefer
the actual order.
The nomenclature of the whole Flora has been
new modelled and accurately fixed, so far as Robin's
descriptions would allow ; for in some instances he
has not described the plants he mentions, and in some

9
others his descriptions are too short, or not charac-
teristic ; it was then merely by presumption, and with
i
doubt, that the real names could be stated. The names
of Robin are always added in synonimy, and with re-
ference to the page in his Flora, or third volume of
his travels.
To each specie, all the interesting particulars men-
tioned by Robin are added ; likewise, such parts of
his descriptions as are not found in Michaux and Pursh.
When the species are new, a botanical name is given
to each, which is followed by a Latin specific defini-
tion or diagnosis, and a translation of the whole of
Robin's observations, on the plan of Pursh's Flora.
New genera have been properly named and charac-
terized by generic denominations and definitions, to
which appropriate observations on their natural affini-
ties are added, together with the etymology of their
It may not be amiss to observe, that although
Robin has, in a few instances, mentioned that the plants
he describes appeared to be new genera or species,
he has in no instance given them proper Botanical
names.
The result of this labour consists in the enumera-
tion of more than 400 species, whereof 196 are new,
and in the introduction of 30 new genera, besides se-
veral, such as Aretia, Peucedanum, Acanthus, Lantana,
Chrysophyllum, fc. which had not yet been introduced
in the North-American Flora. Among the 196 new
species, are to be reckoned 15 new trees of the ge-
nera Celtis, Laurus, Tilia, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Gledits-
# chia, Hicorius, Chimanthus, &c. and 18 shrubs, prin-
cipally of the genera Arbutus, Chrysophyllum, Prunus,
name.

10
Frangula, Ptelea, Cassine, &c. The useful plants
mentioned by Robin, are 46, most of which are new,
and may be added to the Materia Medica of the United
States; some others have alimentary or economical
qualities; among those useful plants, the following
deserve particular notice :
Asclepias serpentaria, Gleditschia heterophylla,
Dolichos lacteus,
Celtis alba,
Verbesina Virginica, Cephalanthus occidentalis,
Gynema balsamica, Psedetalon glandulosum, &c.
Besides those valuable plants, a great number
among the new species of this Flora will claim our
notice, as ornamental and worth cultivation in gardens;
the elegant Pancratium liriosme, unites to beauty the
fragrant smell of the lily ; several, such as Monarda
citrodora, Pycnanthemum rosmarinoides, Pleurandra
alba, &c. deserve cultivation for their sweet scent; and
the following for the elegance of their forms, or the
beauty of their flowers :
Nelumbium codophyllum, Polymnia macrophylla,
Cleome speciosa
Eupatorium violaceum,
Sarracenia leucophylla Diplonyx elegans,
Ananthopus clandestinus, Bradburya scandens,
Mentha farinosa,
Darwinia exaltata, fc.
All the plants of this Flora, have been observed by
Robin in the southern parts of Louisiana, which now
forms the state of that name, and particularly near
New-Orleans, and the county of Atakapas, except a
few which are from the neighbourhood of Pensacola.

11
Considering how rich the State of Louisiana must be
in plants, this labour will only be considered as a mere
specimen of its Botany, whence I have named it Flo-
gula Ludoviciana; but this specimen, where so many
new and interesting objects are introduced and des-
cribed, will, I hope, claim the attention of our Bota-
nists, and particularly of those who may reside or
travel in Louisiana : it is to their future exertions
that the correction and complement of the Flora of
Louisiana must be entrusted. Let me suggest to them,
that as Louisiana must produce at least as many species
of plants as Georgia, say about 2000, a vast field is open
to their researches, since only one fifth of that number
is here described or enumerated ; should new genera
and species exist yet, in the same proportion as in this
Florula, more than 100 new genera and 700 new
species will reward their exertions, many of which
may be common to Mexico, since Louisiana, lying on
the borders of that empire, must of course possess a
Botany partly Mexican, and consequently highly in-
teresting. I wish and hope, that these hints
may
in-
duce some Botanists to dig again into that rich mine,
and I look forward with confidence to the period, when
the vegetable productions of the south-west corner of
the Union, will be equally known with those of the
opposite quarter.
C. S. R.

FLORULA LUDOVICIANA.
DIVISION 1.-CLASS I.-ACOTYLEDONES.
ORDER 1.-Fungi.
p. 327.
1. Mucor-Several species not described. Rob. p.
326.
2. Agaricus campestris L. Champignon comestible.
Rob.
3. Agaricus odorus ? L. Mousseron. Rob. p. 327.
perfumed.
4. Boletus cinnabarinus ? L. Agaric rouge du Li-
quidambar. Rob. p. 328.
5. Morchella odorata Raf. N. Sp. ? Conica, plicata,
exarata, fulva, odorata, magna, Raf. Morille Rob.
p. 327.
6. Lycoperdon bovista? L. Rob. p. 327.
. .
7.
pratense ? L. Vesse de Loup globuleuse
pediculée. Rob. p. 327.
ORDER V.–Filices.
-.
8. Adianthum pedatum L. Rob. p. 329.
9. Osmunda Spectabilis Wild.--Osmonde Rob.
329.
P.

13
10. Asplenium ebeneum Ait. Rob. p. 329
11. Equisetum prealtum Raf. N. Sp. ? Caulibus sim.
plicibus erectis scabris fistulosis : vaginis nigre-
scens, crenulatis, corona emulans-Prele. Rob.
P.
330. A large specie akin to E. hyemale, grows
on the banks of the Mississippi, in large bushes ris-
ing about six feet; the stems are as thick as the
finger : the cattle are fond of it in winter, and the
joiners employ it to polish wood.
:
ORDER yi.-NAYADES.
-
12. Hippuris polyphylla Raf. Caulibus erectis, emer-
sis foliis 10-12 nis, linearibus; floribus sessili-
bus axillaris Raf.-Pesse commune Rob. 330.
Common in smooth waters : stem rising nearly
a foot above the surface.
13. Chara,
14. Myriophyllum,
15. Potamogeton,
Several species. Rob p. 330.
16. Lemna,
a

DIVISION II.-MONOCOTYLEDONES.
CLASS II.-M. HYPOGYNES. .
ORDER I.-AROIDES.
17. Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Foliis tubulosis, stric-
tis, elongatis, teretis, albo coloratis, rubro vena-
tis, intus retrorsum hirsutis, fauce undulata,
appendice fimbriata dilatata opercularis Ratpathe
velu ! Rob. p. 332. and V. II. p. 48. Grows In
swamps near Pensacola ; leaves smelling like ho-
ney, and decoying insects, who seeking for the
honey, are entrapped within the leaves, and pre-
vented to come out by the rigid thick hairs. Ro-
bin took the leaves for a flower or spatha.
18. Arum virginicum L. Gouet à racine tubéreuse
blanche, feuilles échancrées en lobes ovales et à
fruit
rouge.
Rob.
p.
332.
19. Arum atrovirens Wild. Rob. p. 332.
20. Podophyllum callicarpumn Raf. Caule furcato
bifolio unifloro, foliis peltatis sexlobatis, lobis
obovatis fissis inequaliter dentatis, floribus pedun-
culatis nutantibus hexapetalis subdecandris Raf
a

15
Gouet odorant et comestible ! Rob. p. 332. Stem
petiols and leaves about five inches long; the
flower grows at the bifurcation of the stem, and
smells like orange flowers ; the petals are white,
large and concave : fruit oblong, size of a large
filbert, white coloured of rose, sweet, good to
eat, and of which good preserves are made.
Very different from Arum.
ORDER 11.-TYPHE.
-
21. Typha angustifolia L. Rob. p. 332.
ORDER 11.-CYPEROIDÆ.
29. Scirpus,
23. Cyperus,
Many species. Rob. p. 332, not de-
scribed : a species of Scirpus, which
might be called S. Bicolor, rises
five feet, and has the flowers yellow
and red.
ORDRR IV.-GRAMINE.
-
24. Phalaris arundinacea L. Rob. p. 335.
25. Paspalum compressum. Caule compresso scabro,
spiculis secundis, spicis alternis sessilibus hori-
zontalis. Raf.-Panic 1. Rob. p. 335. Stem
rising six feet, rough above ; about nine or
ten purplish spikes, with unilateral spicules,
leaves rough.
26. Paspalum geniculatum. Raf. Caule gracile geni-
culato glabro, foliis margine scabro, spicis op-

16
positis pedunculatis, spiculis elongatis. Raf.----
Panic 2. Rob. p. 335. Rises about two feet,
the spikes are brown, the spicules longer than
those of the foregoing, the leaves only rough on
the edges.
27. Triticum estivum L ? s. Elymus Sp. on the Ri-
ver Vermillon. Rob. p. 335.
28. Miegia macrosperma Pers.-Cannes. Rob. p.
336. It rises fifteen to twenty feet; the cattle
feed on their leaves in winter, and the Indians
employ their seeds for food : their creeping
roots are spungy and knobby ; walking canes
are made with them: they indicate by their size
and number the quality of the ground, and that it
is no longer overflowed.
www.
CLASS III.-M. PERIGYNES,
.
ORDER 1.-PALMÆ.
-:
nier. Rob. p. 337. Spadix ensiform elastic, ris-
ing seven feet, stem like, branched, flowers
trifid white sessile odorate, blossoming in June :
berries like a pea, black and sweet. The fi-
brous netting of the short candex are used as
canvass to clear and scour : the leaves are used
to make hats and thatch houses, &c.
29. Sabal adansoni. Pers.- Palmier nain ou Lata-

17
30. Sabal ? adiantinum. Raf, Acaule, foliis inermis
bipartitis, flabellatis, plicatis. Raf.-2. Latanier.
Rob. p. 338.
ORDER II.-ASPARAGI.
-
31. Asparagus officinalis L. naturalized spontaneous.
Rob. p. 338.
32. Smilax hastata Wild.-Smilace 1. Rob. p. 339.
33.
walteri. Pursh. Salseparrille. Rob. p.
339.
34.
bonanox. Wild. Smilace 3. Rob. p. 339.
.
35.
ovata. Pursh ? Smilace 4 Rob. p. 339.
36. Dioscorea ? ....... Igname du pays à bulbes co-
lorés de rouge farieneux dont les Indiens font
usage. Rob. p. 339.
ORDER 11.-JUNCI.
37. Juncus ......... Several species, not described.
38.
albus. Raf. Jonc de la Riviere Vermil-
lon à bractées blanches. Rob. p. 340. not de•
scribed, probably new.
39. Alisma odorata. Raf. Foliis cordatis parvis, le-
vis, tenuis, scapo striato ramoso flexuoso, flo-
ribus subspicatis. Raf.--Herbe à malo. Rob.
p. 340. Grows in shady swamps ; flowers white
odorate : stem two feet high, white : the whole
plant has a faint smell, which keeps by drying :
it is employed for wounds and many other dis-
orders.
B*

18
40. Sagittaria ? ceruled. Raf. (vel Unisema sagitata.
Raf.) Fléchiere à feuilles en flêche, à fleurs en
épi. Rob. p. 340.
ORDER IV.-LILIA.
41. Lilium superbum L. Rob.
P.
341.
42.
canadensis L. Rob. p. 341.
43.
philadelphicum L. Rob.
p.
341.
44.
catesbei. Mx. Rob. p. 341.
.
45. Yucca filamentosa L. Rob. p. 341.
ORDER V.-BROMELIÆ.
46. Tillandsia usneoides L.-Barbe espagnole
Mousse. Rob. p. 342. Blossoms in April ; grows
on all the trees except the willow ; much liked
by the Herbivores in winter; by dipping it in
foul water during a fortnight, it loses its bark,
and a strong elastic fibre, similar to horse hair,
remains, which is employed for mattrasses, pack-
ages and slime.
47 Agave virginiana L.-The Indians use its fi-
brous leaves to make baskets, &c. Rob. p. 344.
-
ORDER VI.-ASPHODELI.
48 Aletris farinosa L. Rob. p. 345. The Indians
eat its bulbs.
49 Allium canadense L.-In Atakapas. Rob. P
345.
-50
porrum L. var. bulbiferum, cultivated.

19
ORDER VII.-NARCISSI.
-
51 Allium hyemale. Raf. Caule tereti umbellifero,
foliis linearibus basi vaginatis, umbella pauciflora,
floribus erectis campanulatis, filamentis pyrami-
dalis equalibus stylo brevioribus. Raf.—Ano-
nyme! Rob. p. 346. Blossoms in January and
February ; grows in the meadows; umbel with
six to ten white flowers.
52. Pancratium Liriosme Raf. Scapo ancipiti, um-
bella pauciflora, laciniis perigonalis angustis ca-
naliculatis, nectarium campanulatum dentibus 18.
sex staminiferis, staminibus longe exertis. Raf.-
Pancrais. Rob. p. 346. Beautiful plant, grow-
ing in moist grounds and round the small lakes
its bulb is about an inch in diameter, black out-
side and white within ; radical leaves deep green,
shining, similar to those of the Narcissus. Stem
compressed, nearly winged ; two feet high :
ombel of about six white large flowers (8 inches
diameter) each with a spatha, and having a
fragrant smell, nearly similar to that of the com-
mon lily: the anthers are long and yellow : it
blossoms in March. It has some affinity with
the P. Rotatum of Ker and Pursh.
i
ORDER VIII.-IRIDES.
53 Sisyrinchium mucronatum. Pers.-S. bermudiane
Rob. p. 347. Blossoms in February.

20
-
a
54. Iris virginica L.-Iris violet pourpre. Rob. p.
348.
55. Iris brevicaulis. Raf. Imberbis, caule
, angu-
lato paucifloro foliis brevioribus, floribus latera-
libus solitaris, terminalibus geminatis, stigmatibus
angustatis antheris longioribus, capsulis hexagonis.
Raf.-Iris blanche. Rob. p. 349. Stem only rising
one foot and a half at utmost, while the large
flowers are half a foot in diameter, they are white,
washed and striped of violet, with their base
yellow.
56. Iris rubescens. Raf. Imberbis, caule foliis longi-
oribus paucifloro, floribus lateralibus solitaris, ter-
minalibus geminatis, stigmatibus antheris brevio-
ribus. Raf.-Iris à fleurs rouge de brique. Rob.
p. 349. It has some affinity with Iris cuprea, Pursh;
stems two or three feet high, flowers entirely of
a brick-red, blossoms in March and April, as well
as the foregoing species.
IV. CLASS. M. EPIGYNES.
.
11. ORDER.-CANNE.
57. Canna flaccida Rosc. Pursh. Canna glauca. Rob
p. 350.
III. ORDER.ORCHIDEA.
I. N. G. ANANTHOPUS. Raf. Spatha gelatinosa, pedun-

21
culo abortivo floribusque involvens ; perigonus
6 partitus, sepalis 3 exterioribus scariosis, binis
interioribus majoribus, inferiora labelliforme con-
vexa, stamina 6 inequalia, antheris diversis una
lanceolata stylo adnata. Ovarium ovale superum ?
Stylo reflexo, stigma unicum. Fructus..... Obs.
This extraordinary new genus is but imperfectly
described by Robin, who deems it an Ophrys,
while it does not even belong to the order
of Orchideæ ; but, is rather more akin to the
genus Tradescantia, unless indeed the ovary
should be inferior, when it would range itself in
the order Muse, of Jussieu. I have derived the
name from three greek words, meaning a pedicle
without flower. The general habit of this genus.
is perfectly natural, and may be stated thus : Ra-
dices repentes, caulibus ramosis cylindricis geni-
culatis, pubescentibus ; foliis alternis, uninervis,
retrorsum ciliatis, petiolis vaginatis : floribus spa-
tha intus gelatinosa, pedicellis floriferis flexuosis,
pedunculo abortivo stricto rigido. Raf.
58. Ananthopus clandestinus. Raf. Foliis lanceolatis,
retrorsum scabris, subtus glaucis ; floribus ter-
minalibus, spatha saccata mucronata, demum plana
basi reniforme. Raf.—Ophrys premiere. Rob.
.
p. 351. Stems rising two or three feet, leaves
eight or nine inches long; the three exterior se-
pals of the perigone whitish, the interior ones
blue ; the spatha is first oval compressed, hollow,
with a bill on the exterior side, and full of a ge-
latinous matter : after the blossom is over, the
i

22
peduncles recurve themselves and hide the ova-
ries in that jelly ; but, when the fruit is ripe, the
jelly dries, the spatha splits interiorly, and as-
sumes a flat shape reniform at the base, and
double in breadth than in length : grows in shady
and swampy soils.
59. Ananthopus cordatus. Raf. Caulibus virgatis,
foliis lanceolatis supra basi echinatis ; floribus
axillaribus terminalibusque, spatha cordata. Raf.
-Ophrys seconde. Rob. p. 352. This species is
more common, grows in open fields, it has longer
and thinner stems, smaller leaves and flowers.
A variety of it found near the woods, is taller and
with larger flowers.
60. Cypripedium spectabile Sal. Pursh. Found near
Ouachita or Washita. Rob. p. 353.
p
ORDER IV.-HYDROCHARIDES.
61. Nuphar lutea. Smith. Nymphea lutea. Rob.
p. 354.
62. Nymphea odorata. Ait. Rob. p. 354.
63. Nelumbium luteum, Wild. Rob. p. 354.
64.
codophyllum. Raf. Petiolis scapisque
muricatis, foliis emersis, peltatis, campanulatis, in-
tegris, subtus tomentosis, nervosis; calice tetra-
phyllo, petalis numerosis elongatis inequalibus,
ovarium sulcatum, apice marginatum. Raf.-Na-
poleone! Rob. p. 355. and Vol. II. p. 322 and 441.
This wonderful plant grows in the lakes of Lou-
isiana. It has long and thick creeping roots,

23
which are acrimonious when fresh ; but are
easily deprived of their dangerous juice by
washings, as those of the Jatropha, and of
which the Indians are very fond. The petiols
are cylindrical with a furrow inside, they rise
from six to nine feet, are thick in proportion,
and grow thicker towards the top. The leaves
reach over six feet in circumference, and two feet
in diameter, they are shining inside, nearly fring-
ed on the edge by the down of the outside, which
is longer than the edge, the nerves are radiated
and ramified. Scape cylindrical, covered with
acute and rough tubercles, like the petiols of the
leaves, flowers yellow, larger than those of the
Nelumbium luteum. The fruit contains about
20 nuts good to eat; it is obconical, flat above
with a raised margin, and above three inches in
diameter.

DIVISION III.- DICOTYLEDONES.
-O<*OK-
CLASS V. D. APETALES EPIGYNES.
ORDER 1.-ARISTOLOCHIÆ.
-
-
65. Aristolochia tripteris. Raf. Sarmentosa, foliis cor-
datis levis, floribus axillaribus spicatis bracteatis,
perigonis tubulosis tripteris. Raf.–Aristoloche
de la Louisiane. Rob. p. 356. Stems running 10
to 20 feet, covering the shrubs and bushes with
their branches, nearly herbaceous, smooth, strong,
leaves yellow green, two inches
long, one and a quarter wide ; flowers very small
;
and white, the three wings of the perigone grow
broader near the top, six or eight stamina, stigma
nearly sessile and lobated.
reddish green;
CLASS VI. D. APETALES PERIGYNES.
ORDER 1.-ELEAGNI.
66. Nyssa denticulata, Wild. Rob. p. 358.

25
ORDER 11.—THYMELEA.
-
67. Dirca palustris L. Rob. p. 358.
ORDER 111.-PROTEÆ.
-
168. Celtis alba. Raf. Ramulis tomentosis, foliis disti-
chis obliquis, lanceolatis, integris, petiolatis ; flo-
ribus axillaribus, pedunculatis, solitaris ternisque.
Raf.-L'Inconu! Rob. p. 359. This tree does
not certainly belong to the Proteæ, but is a real
Celtis, by Robin's whole description; he, howe-
ver, mentions two characters, the anthers opening
from bottom to top, as in Laurus, and the hairy
stigma, which might lead to believe it a peculiar
sub-genus, to which the name of Dastima might
be given. It is a fine shady tree, forty feet high,
bark whitish and scaly, wood white, compact and
fine; the young branches are slender, and by bear-
ing distichal leaves, assume the appearance of a
pinnate 'leaf; leaves alterne, two inches long ;
flowers small, green, berries red, sweet, size of a
grain of
pepper.
The leaves fall in winter; it
blossoms in March ; the bark is often used in de-
coction as cooling and anodyne.
a
ORDER IV.-LAURI.
69. Laurus Sassafras L. Rob. p. 361. This tree
rises over 30 feet high in Louisiana, it blossoms
С

26
in February and March ; it grows any where in
woods, fields, roads, sands, &c. The leaves are
dried at the end of summer, and ground, in order
to be boiled with meat ; they communicate to
the broth a glutinous consistence, much relished.
This dish is called Gombo Sassafras.
II. N. G. CHIMANTHUS. Raf. Floribus diclinis, Fl.
M. Calyx urceolaris quinquefidis coloratus, laciniis
spatulatis reflexis, petaloideis, stamina perigyna 12
-15, filamentis conicis divaricatis, antheris ob-
longis longitudinaliter dehiscens. Fl. F...........
Fructus Drupa carnosa, ovalis, monosperma, nu-
cleus acutus vix reniformibus. Raf.—Obs. This
new genus, whose name means winter-flower,
belongs to the natural family of Amygdalia, and
has no sort of likeness with the Lauri, except
by its ever-green leaves. It
appears to differ
materially from the genera Prunus Amygdalus and
,
Chrysobalanus, by the dicline flowers, shape of
calyx, and stamina, want of petals, &c. Raf.
70. Chimanthus amygdalina Raf. Foliis alternis subdis-
tichis, petiolatis, supra lucidis, subtus pallidis, pe-
rennantibus, oblongis, integris, utrinque acutis,
uninervis; floribus axillaribus, racemosis, bracteo-
latis. Raf.-Laurier Amande. Rob. p. 362. A tree
about 30 feet high, and one foot in diameter;
branches long, slender, bending, with a brown
bark; leaves thickly set, three inches long, one inch
broad ; flowers small, white, yellow inside at the
bottom; berries black. The leaves have the taste

27
of almonds, and they are used to give that taste
to milk, &c. as in Europe with the Prunus lauro-
cerasus. It loves the shade, and blossoms in win-
ter, even when it freezes.
71. Laurus ? Ludoviciana. Raf. Arboreus, foliis pe-
tiolatis, perennantibus oblongis, integris, uniner-
vis, supra lucidis subtus glaucis ; floribus termi-
nalibus, racemulosis, quinquefidis, baccis nigris,
Raf.-Laurier. Rob. p. 363. A tree 30 or 40
feet high, with a grey bark, and numerous di-
verging slender branches ; leaves alternate, three
inches long, one wide, petiols red. Flowers
small, white, in small lateral and terminal bunches
at the extremity of the branches, with only five
sepals! The leaves are used instead of those of
Laurus nobilis, although their smell is less agree-
able.
-
ORDER V.-POLYGONÆ.
III. N. G. STYLURUS. Raf. Calyx 0, Petala 4, Sta-
4
mina 4–6, divaricata, receptaculum plumosum,
ovariis multiplicis divaricatis, stylis longis plu-
mosis deciduis. Semina nuda. Raf. This new
Raf.
genus, which does not belong to this order, (nor
has any affinity with Atraphaxis,) is connected
with the genera Clematis and Thalictrum, and be-
longs to the natural order of Ranunculacea as well
as they ; it differs from Clematis by the naked
seeds, from Thalictrum by the hairy styles, and
from both by the hairy receptacle and few sta-

28
mens. The generic name means Styles tail-shaped?
Raf.
72. Stylurus fistulosus. Raf. Caule erecto fistuloso
striato; foliis amplexicaulis impari tripinnatis,
foliolis oppositis petiolatis cordatis tridentatis
glabris ; floribus umbellatis involucratis invol.
monophyllum, petalis acuminatis. Raf.—Atra-
phace fistuleux. Rob. p. 364. Stem two feet
high, leaves alternate, the middle tooth of the fo-
lioles and the middle folioles the longest, petiols
and peduncles slender, flowers small and whitish.
IV. N. G. ANTENORON. Raf. Calyx quadrifidus, Co-
rolla 0, Stamina 4, Ovarium unicum liberum,
Stylis 2 persistentibus. Achenus monospermus,
2
ovatus striatus stylis coronatus. Raf.
This new
genus belongs to this order, differing from the
genera Tovara, Adans, and Atraphaxis, L. by the
shape of the calyx and fruit. The name was an
ancient one for some Atriplex or Atraphaxis.
73. Antenoron racemosum. Raf. Hirsutum, foliis pe.
tiolatis oblongis acutis ; racemo longissimo, flo-
ribus remotis bracteatis, bracteis scariosis vagi-
natis. Raf.—Atraphace renouée. Rob. p. 364.
Branches cylindrical, leaves with short vaginated
petiols; flowers small and white, on short pedun-
cles.
74. Ceanothus Americanus L.-Polygonum frutescens,
Rob. p. 365! Found on the banks of the Teiche,
blossoms in April, this plant does not belong to
this order.
ch

29
ing, grow
75. Polygonum bicorne. Raf. Caulibus ramosis, ra-
mis geniculatis, patulis teretibus intus crenulatis;
foliis petiolatis, lanceolatis, glabris ; floribus spi-
catis confertis octandris, distylis, staminis inclusis,
stylis exertis elongatis. Raf.—Renouée 1. Rob.
p. 366. Large plant, four or five feet high, branches
purplish, every one of which bears a fine,
thick spike, about three inches long, of rose co-
loured flowers. This species, and all the follow-
in
swamps, moist grounds, and along the
rivers; they are called vulgarly Curages, in Lou-
isiana ; all their flowers smell like honey, and
afford it in plenty to the bees. Blossoms from
August to December.
76. Polygonum maculatum. Raf. Caulibus ramosis;
foliis petiolatis, oblongis, glabris, maculis fuscis
adspersis ; floribus spicatis confertis, octandris dis-
tylis, staminibus exertis, stylis inclusis. Raf.
Renouée 2. Rob. p. 367. Smaller than the fore-
going ; flowers rose coloured ; it blossoms also
from August to December.
77. Polygonum pachistachyum. Raf. Caulibus ramo-
sis ; foliis petiolatis, lanceolatis, scabriusculis ;
floribus spicatis, spicis densis abbreviatis ; flori-
bus octandris tristylis, stylis stamina brevioribus.
Raf.-Renouée 3. Rob. p. 367. Stems of a light
green, ffowers white, in short thick spikes, about
one inch and a half long, blossoming in Septem-
ber.
78. Polygonum hydropiperoides Mx. Pursh.-Re-
nouée 4. Rob.

30
79. Polygonum vernum. Raf. Caulibus ramosis ; foliis
;
subsessilibus ovato-lanceolatis, nervis margi-
neque revoluto scabris ; spicis paniculatis gra-
cilis brevibus, floribus octandris distylis. Raf.-
Renouèe 5. Rob. p. 367. This species blossoms
in April and May ; it has low stems, short leaves,
and its small spikes are short, slender and thick-
ly paniculated : the flowers are of a rufous
white. This species, as well as the P. bicorne
and P. maculatum, above, belong to the sub-
genus Dioctus, distinguished by having eight
stamina, a compressed ovary and seed, two
styles or stigmas, &c.
80. Rumex Ludovicianus. Raf. Hermaphroditus, caule
striato ; foliis lanceolatis acutis integris pe-
tiolatis crassis sub-undulatis ; floribus race-
mosis paniculatis verticillaris, perigonis sepalis
interioribus latioribus graniferis. Raf.-Patience.
Rob. p. 368. It grows in shady, moist and
swampy grounds ; has a pleasant bitter acidi-
ty, and is good in soups ; stems strong, reddish,
rising two or three feet ; leaves six inches long,
one and a half wide ; flowers in long branched
spikes, on loose peduncles and greenish ; the
inside sepals are yellowish, the stamina are yel-
low and as long as the projecting branched stig-
mas.
81. Rumex acetosa L. cultivated
a

31
ORDER VI.-ATRIPLICES.
82. Phytolaca decandra L. Rob. p. 369. Vulgar
name in Louisiana Chou-gras (Fat cabbage), its
roots are purgative ; boiled with urine it dyes of
a fixed blue : the leaves are eaten boiled, in
soup, &c. They are particularly employed in
the Creole dish called Gombo.
83. Spinacia oleracea L. cultivated. Rob. p. 370.
84. Beta vulgaris L. cult. Rob. p. 370.
85. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. ?-Anserine
Sagittée. Rob. p. 370. Leaves farinaceous, flow-
ers in terminal racemes, rising two or three
feet, and forming a large bush.
86. Chenopodium anthelminthicum L. Rob. p. 370.
Rising two or three feet, branches strong, stria-
ted and pubescent; leaves oval, rather rough,
sinuated by deep unequal teeth. Used against
worms in Louisiana.
87. Brunnichia cirrhosa Mx. Pursh.Anserine liane.
Rob. p. 371. His description is pretty good :
This vine appears to be frutescent in Louisiana ;
it rises to the summit of the highest trees ; its
bark is rusty; young branches are green and
striated ; flowers aggregated four or five toge-
ther, and bracteated on short axillar panicles ;
the calyx is white inside and campanulated, not
with reflexed sepals, as in some authors : the
ovary and capsul is oblong and striated.
88. Amaranthus diacanthus. Raf. Caulibus striatis
glaucis, foliis longe petiolatis, ovalis, utrinque

32
acutis, crenatis, scabris ; floribus pentandris ax-
illaribus glomeratis spicatisque, terminalibus,
glomerulis bispinosis, spinis opatulis. Raf.-
Arroche ou Epinard du Tropique. Rob. P.
372.
This plant is not an Atriplex but a real Amaran-
thus, very akin to A. spinosus L. Stems two
or three feet thick, branched ; male flowers mix-
ed with the female, calyx scarious, three stig-
The leaves are good to eat as spinage.
mas.
CLASS VII.-D. APETALES HYPOGYNES.
ORDER I. —AMARANTHI.
89. Amaranthus leucanthus. Raf. Caule paniculato;
foliis oblongis emarginatis ; floribus axillaribus
glomeratis bracteolatis, coloratis, masculis tri-
andris. Raf.-A. albus. Rob. p. 374.
374. The real
A. albus differs from this species, by its stem sim-
ple and quadrangular ; leaves obovate, &c. This
species has whitish stems, rising two or three
feet; small leaves and small white flowers.
90. Amaranthus grecizans. Wild.— Amaranthe 2.
Rob. p. 374.
91. Amaranthus sanguineus L.-Amar. 3.
L.-Amar. 3. Rob. p.
374.
92. Iresine celosioides L. Rob. p. 374. Stem
branched, three feet high, thin, geniculated ;

33
leaves small, oval, entire and smooth ; flowers
yellowish.
ORDER II.-PLANTÀGINES.
-
93 Plantago cordata? Lam. Pursh.--Grand Plantain
à 7 nervures. Rob. p. 374.
94 Plantago Ludoviciana Raf. Foliis lanceolatis po-
bescentibus denticulatis ; scapo tereti Raf.- P.
virginica Rob. p. 375 ; but that species differs by
angular stems and ovate lanceolate leaves.
95. Plantago elongata. Bradb. Pursh.—Plaintain 3.
Rob. p. 375.
96. Plantago accedens Raf. Foliis ovatis obovatisque
subdenticulatis, trinervis, glabriusculis ; scapo
tereti, spica cylindrica Raf.—Plantain 4. Rob.
p. 375. This species is found also in the Atlantic
states, where it is taken for the Pl. media of
Europe ; it has small leaves, and resembles Pl.
Virginica
CLASS VIII.-D. MONOPETALES HYPOGYNES.
ORDER 1.-LYSIMACHIAE.
97. Hydrophyllum ? trilobum Raf. Caulibus diffusis
compressis, foliis petiolatis trilobis, crenatis :
calyx sinubus appendiculatis. Raf.---Mouron 1.
Rob. p. 376. This plant cannot be an Anagallis,

34
having alterne leaves, a bipartite style, &c. It
may perhaps be a Phacelia, or ought rather to
form a new genus or section, with Hydr. appen-
diculatum, wbich affords the same singular cha-
racter in the calyx, to which I shall give the
name of Decemium. This species has fleshy
stems and white flowers.
98. Anagallis arvensis L. var. Al. albis.--Mouron 2
Rob. p. 377.
99. Aretia alba Raf. Villosa, foliis patulis sessilibus
cuneato-spathulatis, obtusis, integris ; floribus
pedunculatis, sub-racemosis ; calyx ventricosus,
;
corolla tubo inflato, lacinis emarginatis. Raf.
Aretia Rob. p. 377. Not unlike the Androsace
occidentalis of Nuttal and Pursh, in the leaves;
but differs in the flowers and inflorescence.
The whole plant is thickly covered with hairs ;
the leaves are all radical, two inches long and
half an inch wide; flowers small, white, calyx quin-
quifid persistent, capsul five seeded. The genus
Aretia was not known to be found in America.
100. Amsonia latifolia. Michx.—Menyanthe 1. Rob.
p. 377. Stem strong, round, smooth ; leaves nu-
merous, alternate, smooth, glaucous underneath,
oval and on short petiols : flowers pale lilac ;
calyx urceolated, five toothed, partitious of the
corolla linear acute, tube hairy inside, stigma glo-
bular with a circular flat edge underneath. Com-
mon in the meadows above the river Vermillon :
blossoms in April.
101. Dichondra carolinensis. Michx.-Menyanthe 2.

35
Rob.
p.
378. Leaves round cordate petiolate, five
or six lines in diameter, flowers two lines in dia-
meter, white, anthers bilobe and red.
ORDER 11.-PEDICULARES.
V. N. G. ENSLENIA. Raf. Calyx 5 partitus, sepalis
3 majoribus ; Corolla limbo rotato 5 lobo, lobis
inequalis, Stamina 5 equalia tubo inserta, antheris
transversis. Ovarium superum, stylus stamina
longior, stigmata bina uncinata. Capsula bilocu-
laris bivalva, polysperma, elastice dehiscens, dis-
pimento valvulis contraris. Raf. It is by a most
egregious mistake, that Robin has called this plant
Polygala : it must form a new genus, which has
some faint similarities with Verbascum, but the
stigma, fruit and habit are totally different, and .
agree with the order Pediculares of Jussieu,
while all the other characters would appear to
render it a stranger thereto : it will probably be
the type of a new family next to the family Vero-
nicia in my natural order Plasyrgia, class Meso-
gynia. I have dedicated it to Enslen, a German
botanist and traveller, who has visited Louisiana,
and some of whose discoveries are recorded in
Pursh's Flora.
102. Enslenia bibracteata. Raf. Villosa, foliis oppo-
sitis, petiolatis, ovato lanceolatis, integris, ner-
vosis; floribus axillaribus subsessilibus bibrac-
teatis. Raf.—Polygala! Rob. p. 378. Stem a
foot high, quadrangular, grooved, calix hairy, di-

36
visions lanceolate acute, corolla violet, stamina
and anthers white, ovary and fruit oval oblong :
in blossom from October to February ; Robin
mentions two varieties of this plant, one with
white flowers, another very hairy all over.
103. Phlox amplexicaulis. Raf. Caulibus gracilis pu-
bescentibus, teretibus assurgertibus, foliis am-
plexicaulis lineari subulatis rigidis ; panicula con-
fertiflora, calyx striatus pilosus, dentibus ova-
tis acuminatis, corolla tubo filiformi, laciniis spa-
tulatis. Raf.-Manulea! Rob. 379. Another mis-
take of Robin ; this plant is a real Phlox, akin to
P. pilosa. Stems a foot high, flowers lilac on short
peduncles, blossoming in April.
a
ORDER 111.-ACANTHI.
104. Acanthus ? rubens. Raf. Foliis inermis mollis
bus, latis sinuatis, amplexicaulis. Raf.-Ac. mol-
lis. Rob.
P:
380. This plant is certainly not the
A. mollis of Europe, I even suspect it is not an
Acanthus, no species of this genus being known to
grow in America; it is perhaps a Podicularis ; but
as Robin does not describe it at length, I am un-
able to decide. The stem rises three or four feet,
and the flowers are pale red: it grows plentifully
on the banks of the Mississippi near New-Orleans.
There is a smaller variety, with the leaves still
more sinuated, and the flowers more distant.
VI. N. G. NIBORA. Raf. Calyx 4 partitus persistens.
Corolla tubo curvo intus pilosus, limbo 4 fido

37
lacinia superiora latiora. Stamina 2 infra tubum
corolla, antheris subsessillis, Ovarium superum,
stylus 1, stigma simplex. Capsula globosa sulcata
quadrivalvis, unilocularis, polysperma, semina ob-
longa tenuis, axis centrale globosum affixa.
Obs. This new genus, which I have dedicated to
Robin, by a transposition of the letters of his name,
(there being already a genus Robinia,) does not
belong to this order ; but to the family Gratiolina,
in the natural order Chasmanthia : it differs from
Gratiola by the calyx and the capsul, which is
similar to those of Calceolaria, Pederota, &c. but
the Nibora has not a ringent corolla. Raf.
105. Nibora aquatica. Raf. Glaberrima, foliis oppo-
sitis, sessilibus, ovalis, acutiusculis subserratis ;
floribus axillaribus, solitaris, pedunculatis, brac-
teatis. Raf.-- Acanthe des Marais. Rob. p. 381.
.
Grows in swamps and in waters; the stems are
thick, fleshy, a little branched, about a foot high :
sepals of the calyx linear, corolla white : blossoms
in March.
a
ORDER IV. -JASMINEA.
106. Fraxinus discolor. Raf. Foliis plerumque 7 phyl-
17
lis, rachis tereti, petiolis sulcatis, foliolis ovatis,
acuminatis, denticulatis, subtus tomentosis. Raf.
Frene gras. Rob. p. 382. Perhaps one of the
.
supposed varieties of F. pubescens or nigra. A
large tree, over 60 feet ; its wood is brittle and
;
difficult to split, the folioles are very large, about
D

38
-
eight inches long and three broad, the upper side
is dark green, and contrasts with the woolly under
side.
107. Fraxinus undulata. Raf. Foliis plerunque 7
phyllis, foliolis ovatis acuminatis, integris, undu-
latis, lucidis, subtus glabris. Raf.–Frene 2. Rob.
p. 382. Nearly as large as the foregoing ; its
wood is better, more dry and elastic; it is employ-
ed for carts: the folioles are only four inches long
and nearly two broad. The Frene 3. Rob. p.
382, is a variety only, of this species, differing by
larger folioles, broader and less acuminated. I
shall call it var. latifolia.
108. Fraxinus lacera. Raf. Foliis 3—5 phyllis, ra-
chis filiformibus, foliolis glabris, ovatis, acutis, in-
equaliter dentato-laceris, lateralibus extus laceris,
terminalibus subtrilobis. Raf.-Frene 4. Rob.
About 40 feet high, foliage more
shady ; bark white, smooth, wood very compact,
very fit to make screws : leaves and branches
opposite as in all the other species, branches
slender, folioles light green, thin and small.
109. Olea Americana. L. Rob. p. 383. Fine tree of
a conical shape, growing in swamps, leaves petio-
lated, thick, shining above, flowers polygamous,
fruit ovate, nut wrinkled. Robin mentions a va-
riety with smaller leaves.
p. 383.
ORDER V.–Vitices.
110. Callicarpa Americana. L. Rob. p. 384. Bushy
shrub reaching over 12 feet, branches slender,

39
black grey, young branches brownish green,
hairy and rough. It grows in the sands of the
sea-shore near Pensacola, on the banks of the
Mississippi, along the woods of Atakapas, on the
red soil of the Red river, in the pine barrens, and
on the high hills of Mobile.
111. Lantana annua. L? Rob. p. 385. Blossoms in
summer; vulgar name Caille eau in Louisiana, from
a belief that it coagulates water. A common plant,
many creeping stems quadrangular, hairy ; leaves
opposite, ovate, acuminate, toothed, undulated,
sinuated, the umbels become gradually thick
spikes with bracteas, the calyx is hairy and striat-
ed, stamina sessile. Is it really this specie ? or
even a Lantana ? a variety is odoriferous,
112. Verbena urticifolia. L. Rob.
P.
385.
ORDER VI.-LABIATA.
113. Justicia ? Chelionida. Raf. Foliis oppositis ses-
silibus, lanceolatis, acutis, levis, subtus pallidis ;
floribus axillaribus pedunculatis subgeminatis la-
bium superiore corolla dentatum. Raf.— Ame-
thystea, Rob. p. 386. This plant cannot be an
Amethystea since the description of the corolla
does not agree; it is probably a Justicia. The
roots are creeping, stems less than a foot, angular
and geniculated : the flowers are only three lines
in diameter, the calyx is five parted, with long
narrow divisions; the corolla is white; but the
inside of the lower lip is violet, with white veins
a

40
p. 287.
imitating a tree, this corolla is campanulated, the
upper lip is narrow, upright, toothed and reflex-
ed at the top, the lower lip is three times broad-
er, horizontal, with three lobes nearly equal; a
little reflexed at the top, the middle løbe a little
larger. It grows in shady places.
114. Monarda punctata, L. Rob.
115.
.
citrodora Raf. Foliis subsessilis, cor
dato-ovatis, villosis ; capitulis pedunculatis, multi-
floris, involucris hexaphyllis. Raf.--Monarde vulg.
Citronelle. Rob. p. 387. Stems three feet high,
with few branches, hairy ; flowers white very
numerous in each capitulum, seeds very small;
the whole plant has an agreeable smell of citron;
the leaves are used frequently as tea in Louisi-
ana ; they are stomachical, the dried flowers are
strongly errhine ; vulgar name Citronelle.
116. Pycnanthemum ? alatum Raf. Foliis oblongis,
acutis, dentatis, subtus tomentosis, longe petio-
latis, petiolis alatis, capitulis longe pedunculatis,
involucris 13 phyllis, alternis longioribus. Raf.
-Monarde bouton Rob. p. 388. Stems four feet
high, four angular, grooved and branched, leaves
green above, flowers white, unfolding gradually.
Faintly aromatic and bitter ; vulgar name Herbe à
bouton ; Robin owns it has four stamina ; but
says, it has all the other characters of Monarda :
it is perhaps a Hyptis.
117. Pycnanthemum rosmarinoides Raf. Caule suffru-
ticoso, foliis sessilibus, linearibus, integris, acutis,
glabris, capitulis pedunculatis globosis involu-

41
cratis. Raf.-Romarin! nain Rob. p. 388. Its
shrubby stems rise only one foot and a half, they
are upright and branched ; the flowers are white,
and unfold gradually; the upper lip of the corolla
is slightly bifid, the lower trilobe, the middle lobe
longer; the stamina and styles are projecting. It
has the smell of Rosmarinus officinalis, but sweet-
er and weaker ; this and its shrubby stem are the
enly similarity with that genus.
118. Salvia ciliata Raf. Caule obtusangulo pubes-
cens, foliis petiolatis, oblongis, integris, ciliatis :
floribus racemosis verticillatis, calyx pubescens,
ciliatus, corolla extus pubescens. Raf. Stems
four feet high and grooved, calyx bilabiated,
upper lip broader, corolla of a fine blue, upper
lip concave upright, lower lip larger trilobe, re-
flexed, middle lobe notched and veined of white
at the base, tube of the corolla compressed. It
has much affinity with S. azurea Lam. Pursh.
119. Collinsonia verticillaris Raf. Caule villoso, fo.
liis ovalis subintegris, floribus tetrandris panicu-
latis verticillatis. Raf.-C. Scabriuscula Rob. p.
p
390. Grows near woods, stem scarcely two feet,
flowers yellowish. The variety of C. Scabra
found by Mr. Lyons with four stamens and larger
flowers (see the Flora of Pursh) belongs perhaps
to this species, which together with C. Anisata
might properly form a sub-genus (or a new ge-
nus) having four fertile stamina, to which the
game of Hypogon might be given.

42
-
120. Teucrium undulatum. Raf. Repens, caulibus erec-
tis, velutinis ; foliis omnibus petiolatis, oblongis,
;
serratis, acutis, undulatis, supra velutinis, subtus
cano tomentosis ; floribus spicatis, verticillatis.
Raf.—Germandrée. Rob. p. 300. Many stems,
two or three feet high, angular ; leaves three
inches long, approximated. Grows near woods ;
flowers white diluted with red.
121. Mentha ? farinosa Raf. Foliis sessilibus ovatis,
acutis, interdum subdentatis, imis subtus canis,
summis utrinque canis, verticillis multifloris,
staminibus exertis remotis. Raf.—Menthe pana-
chée Rob. p. 380. Stems bushy, brown, three
or four feet high, leaves soft ; the middle ones
are partly white above, which give the whole
plant a singular appearance of being sprinkled
with flour ; flowers nearly all terminal, calyx
five-toothed, neally labiated; the three upper di-
visions approximated and concave : corolla large,
white, slightly dotted of purple. Blossoms in
August and September. The whole plant is very
odoriferous, and it has a taste nearly similar to
M. piperita ; however, the habit of the plant
and the flowers, make me doubtful of its being
a real Mentha'; it might be a Stachys ? It has
much likeness with Stachys feniculum of Pursh.
122. Lamium amplexicaule L.-L. purpureum Rob.
p. 391.
123. Stachys crenata Raf. Caulibus assurgens, angu-
losis, cano tomentosis : foliis oblongis, crenatis
tomentosis, floribus verticillatis, dentibus caly-

43
cinis spinulosis. Raf.–Stachide laineuse et à
-à
feuilles oblongues. Rob. p. 392. Stems two fee
high ; flowers purplish.
124. Marrubium vulgare ? L. Rob. p. 392. Stems
flexuous, square, two or three feet high ; leaves
petiolated, wide, undulated and unequally cre-
nated ; flowers white, calyx with ten furrows.
Common on the banks of the Mississippi. Is it
a N. Sp. ? In that case, the name of M. flexu-
osum might be given to it.
125. Dracocephalum nervosum. Raf. Caule ramoso,
fistuloso, foliis cordato-lanceolatis, acutis, den-
tatis, scabris, nervosis, floribus verticillatis spi-
catis, dentibus calycinis aristatis. Raf.—Draco-
cephale 1. and 2. Rob. p. 393. Stem two or
three feet square; the second species of Robin
differs only by the upper lip of the corolla being
notched.
126. Dracocephalum denticulatum ? Wild.-Dracoce-
phale 3. Rob. p. 393. Stem a foot and one half,
square, furrowed, angles spinescent, leaves near-
ly sessile, lanceolate, denticulated, flowers ses-
sile, verticillated and lilac, blossoming in April,
calyx with five long mucronated teeth.
127. Scutellaria deltoidea Raf. Caulibus simplicius-
culis, pubescentibus ; foliis petiolatis, cordato-
deltoides, crenatis, undulatis, tomentosis, subtus
canis. Raf.- Toque 1. Rob. p. 393. Blossoms
in April, has large flowers : stems one or two
feet, upright, square, striated, large leaves.
a

44
128. Scutellaria hastata Raf. Pubescens, foliis peti-
olatis, imis hastatis, dentatis, summis ovalis in-
tegris; floribus axillaribus solitaris, pedunculatis.
Raf.—Toque 2. Rob. p. 894. Blossoms in April
and May; stem rising only a foot, corolla light
violet, lower lip white at the base.
-
ORDER VII.-SCROPHULARIÆ.
129. Scrophularia hastata Raf. Foliis oppositis longe
petiolatis, oblongis, hastatis, serratis, canescens,
subtus canis, floribus paniculatis, laxis. Raf.-
Scr. marilandica ? Rob. p. 395. Stem five or
six feet, square, striated.
130. Antirrhinum canadense ? L.-Linaire Rob. p.
396. Stems round, smooth, leaves filiform, ses-
sile, thick, the lower ones ternated, flowers in
raceme, distant.
131. Mimulus pteropus Raf. Caule ramoso, foliis semi-
amplexicaulis, solitaris, rigidis, alatis Raf.
M. alatus Rob. p. 396. This plant is not the
M. alatus which has winged stems and sessile
flowers. Stem smooth, purplish, two or three-
feet high
ORDER VIII.-SOLANEÆ.
132. Verbascum thapsus L. Rob. p. 397. Common.
133. Nicotiana tabacum L. cultivated.
134. Datura stramonium L. Rob. p. 397. Common,
.
especially near New Orleans.

45
135. Physalis pensylvanica L. Rob. p. 398. Stem
branched, one foot, leaves petiolated with small
teeth, berries small, red.
136. Physalis obscura Michx-Phys. 2. Rob. p. 397.
Stems procumbent, flowers with brown spots ;
berries oblong violet.
137. Solanum ludovicianum Raf. Ramis diffusis, fo-
liis longe petiolatis, ovatis, acuminatis, integris,
subtus tomentosis, baccis racemosis, pisiformis,
nigris. Raf.—Morelle 1. Rob. p. 398. Large
plant three or four feet high.
138. Solanum mammosum L. Rob. p. 398. Common
along the Mississippi ; blossoms from April to
September. Stem two or three feet high, with
few round branches ; flowers white or bluish;
fruit yellow, reckoned a poison, interior gluti-
-
nous.
ORDER IX.-BORRAGINES.
-
139. Heliotropium indicum L.-Heliotrope des ma-
rais Rob. p. 399. Two feet high, branches thick
furrowed, leaves large, oval, on long petiols :
spike blue; blossoms in summer.
ORDER X.-ConvolvulI.
140. Calystegia villosa Raf. Volubilis, villosa, foliis
hastatis, acuminatis, floribus axillaribus solitaris,
stamina corolla longitudine. Raf.-Liseron à
fleurs blanches Rob. p. 400. Flowers white.

46
-
141. Calystegia mutabilis Raf. Volubilis hirsutissima ;
bracteis acuminatis, sepalis calycinis filiformis
hirsutissimis Raf.-Liseron blanc à limbe bleu
Rob. p. 401. Corolla white below, blue above,
becoming lilac after the anthesis. Robin does
not describe the leaves, nor the inflorescence.
142. Convolvulus nervosus Raf. Rigidus, procumbens,
petiolatis, cordatis; pedunculis axillaribus biflo-
ris, sepalis calycinis carnosis, nervosis. Raf.-
Liseron blanc à fond pourpre Rob. p. 400. Stem
red, flowers white with a violet purple bottom,
filaments inserted at the base of the corolla.
Perhaps an Ipomea.
143. Convolvulus capitatus Raf. Caule volubile, ra-
moso scabro; foliis cordatis, mollibus ; floribus
;
pedunculatis, capitatis, bracteatis, bracteis ine-
qualibus calycibusque acuminatis pilosis. Raf.-
Liseron ombellifere à fleurs bleus Rob. p. 401.
Branches brownish, pubescent, numerous, pe-
duncles of the flowers cirrhiform ; flowers small
blue, white with five bents, looking like a star ;
they unfold themselves gradually. It is a real
Convolvulus with five unequal stamina, white
anthers, stigma bipartile wbite setting across,
capsul round with two cells, and four seeds an-
gular on one side. The hairy bracteas and calyx
take after maturity the appearance of a tuft. This
specie has much likeness with the C. cauariense L.
144. Echites tomentosa Raf. Fruticosa, volubilis, fo-
liis oppositis, ovatis, integris, subtus tomentosis ;

47
floribus racemosis, calyx angulatus, dentibus
acuminatis Raf.-Liseron ligneux Rob. p. 402.
Shrubby vine ; bark yellow brown ; leaves deep
green above ; corolla yellow, swelled above the
calyx. The whole pant affords a glutinous milk;
it blossoms in April. It is a real Echites, and not
a Convolvulus.
145. Ipomea avicularis Raf. Volubilis, cordatis, tri-
lobis, longe petiolatis, lobis acutis ; floribus sol-
itaris ? sepalis calicinalis, capsulis monolocularis
trispermis Raf.—Ip. hederifolia Rob. p. 402.
Stems slender, round, forming a shady vine;
flowers white, rather small, stamina inserted at
the base of the corolla, stigma elliptic entire,
capsul round, seeds black angular interiorly,
white and mealy inside ; they float in winter on
the rivers, and are greedily eaten by water fowls,
who fatten on this food. This useful vine grows
on the banks of rivers, and blossoms in September
and October. It does not appear to be the
I. hederifolia of South America, as Robin thinks :
it may form a section in the genus Ipomea by
its capsul one celled, which may be called
Ornithosperma.
ORDER XI.-POLEMONIÆ.
-
-
146. Phlox carolina L. Rob. p. 404.
147. -
uniflora Raf. Foliis ovatis acutis scabris,
floribus solitaris. Raf.-Phlox 2, Rob. p. 404.
Stems only one foot high, flowers light red.
-

48
ORDER XII.-BIGNONIE.
VII. N. G. DvsOsmon Raf. Calyx urceolatus 5 den-
tatus, basi biglandulosus bibracteatus, corolla tubo
apice inflato, limbus patens plicatus unilabiatus,
labio inferiore ; stamina 4 didynama, stylo stig-
matoque simplex. Capsula tetragona, quadrilocu-
laris, bivalvis, polysperma.–Obs. This genus be-
longs to the natural family Sesamia, along with
the genera Sesamum, Martynia, Craniolaria, &c.
it has also some affinity with Acanthus, but none
with Chelone, to which Robin joins it. The name
is derived from an old Greek name, for some spe-
cies of Teucrium. Raf.
148. Dysosmon amænum Raf. Pubescens, foliis op-
positis, petiolatis, oblongis, acuminatis, undulatis,
inequaliter dentatis, subtus tomentosis, imis trifo-
liatis, floribus axillaribus subsessilibus, calyx co-
rollisque extus pubescens. Raf.-Grande Gallane
ou Chelone Rob. p. 405. Fine plant, rising
six or seven feet on strong grooved stems,
leaves with round petiols, lateral folioles of the
lower leaves smaller; great many flowers, with two
yellow glands at the base of the calyx, as in Sesa-
mum, covered by a bractea : corolla an inch long,
first greenish, next white. The whole plant has
an unpleasant smell.
VIII. N. G. PAGESIA Raf. Calyx 5 pastitus, inequali-
bus; corolla tubo apice inflato, limbo patens bi-
labiatus, labium superius reflexum planum emar-
5

49
ginatum, inferius trilobo. Stamina 4 didynama;
stylo stigmatoque simplex : capsula bilocularis
bivalvis polysperma.—Obs. This genus differs
from the Gerardia by its irregular and deep cleft
calyx, labiated corolla, &c. and by the first and
last characters from Seymeria of Pursh and Da-
santhera Raf. (Gerardia fruticosa Pursh.) The
Gerardia cuneifolia of Pursh, may belong to this
genus, or to Dasanthera, I have dedicated it to
Pages, a traveller round the world, and to both
polar regions, who visited Louisiana, and who
has noticed many natural objects. Raf.
149. Pagesia leucantha Raf. Caulibus debilis quad-
rangulis ramosis; foliis oppositis, sessiïibus,
ovali oblongis, serrulatis, glabris, axillis foliosis ;
floribus racemosis, longe pedunculatis, lacinis cali-
cinis striatis, superiora majora. Raf.—Chelone 2.
Rob. p. 406. Many weak stems, bent and rising
over one foot, two small leaves on each side of
the axilla of the leaves, corolla white, capsul oval.
150. Tecoma radicans Juss.--Bignone vulg. herbe a
puce Rob. p. 409.
p. 409. A vine rising over 40 and
50 feet, covering whole trees; bark whitish and
scaly, young branches smooth and green, flowers
dark aurora, calyx thick and coloured, five
toothed.
151. Bignonia capreolata L.--Bignone toujours verte
Rob. p. 407. A very large vine, bark grey,
leaves firm and shining, with purplish nerves un-
derneath ; flowers blossoming in February, axillar
pedunculated, as many as four together, calyx
E
-

50
round entire, corolla scarlet, orange inside on the
edge.
152. Bignonia crucigera L.-Petite Bignone Rob. p.
408. A small vine 10 or 12 feet, leaves glaucous
underneath, flowers bracteated.
153. Gerardia leucanthera Raf. Caule ramoso vir-
gato quadrangulo, foliis oppositis sessilibus, linea-
ribus integris, uninervis ; pedunculis axillaribus
filiformis rigidis foliis brevioribus, staminibus binis
brevissimis. Raf.—Bignone cocarde Rob. p. 409.
Stems three feet; calyx small five toothed, corolla
light purple, two long hairy stamina of the length
of the style, bearing white bilobed anthers, form-
ing a cockade with the oblong stigma on the upper
lip of the corolla. It is not a Bignonia.
154. Ipomea quamoclit L.–Tombekbe Rob. p. 409.
Found on the river Tombekbe in Florida, an ele-
gant vine rising 15 to 20 feet, leaves pinnated
pectinated, flowers scarlet, calyx fleshy with five
unequal and scarious lacinias, corolla with flat
starry limbus, stigma globular white; as well as the
anthers and exerted.
ORDER XIII.-GENTIANEA.
155. Sabbatia angularis Pursh. Chironia angularis
Wild.–Centaurelle Rose Rob. p. 410. Used
also in Louisiana against fevers.
Zv

51
ORDER XIV.-APOCINEA.
156. Hydrolia verticillata Raf. Caule fruticoso spi-
noso canescens ; foliis verticillatis subsessilis,
ovali oblongis, acutis, integris nervosis ; floribus
subcorymbosis. Raf.- Apocinée épineuse Rob.
p. 411. Small shrub growing in swamps, stem
crooked, spines axillar, becoming branches to-
wards the top of the plant; flowers lateral and
terminal, of a fine violet blue, pedunculated, about
an inch diameter, smelling like Cyanus : calyx
hairy with five subulated teeth, divisions of the
corolla ovate acute, stamina violet, anthers bi-
lobed striped of yellow, the two styles are horn-
shaped, white and hairy at the base, smooth and
violet at the top, stigmas simple; capsul round
bivalve, bilocular, partition parallel with the
valves, and bearing on each side a large recep-
tacle.
157. Asclepias revoluta Raf. Pilosa, foliis oppositis,
subsessilis, linearibus, acutis, undulatis, margine
revoluto ciliato; umbellis bracteatis, corolla re-
flexa, corniculis exertis incurvis Raf.--Ascle-
piade 1. Rob. p. 413. Stem three or four feet,
leaves with the ramifications of the nerves flex-
uose, a few ombels of orange flowers. .
158. Asclepias ? procumbeus Raf. Caule procumbens,
foliis crassis..........floribus quinque-glandulosis,
auriculis corniculisque nullis Raf.- Asclepias 2.
Rob. p. 413. Herbe à la Houatte vulgarly, pro-

52
ducing a silky down, flowers reddish. This
specie, (unless it is an Apocynum,) must form
along with A. pedicellata and A. viridis of Walter,
a sub-genus (or new genus) to which I propose
to give the name of Anthanotis.
159. Asclepias parviflora Wild. Asclepias 3. Rob.
p.
414. Grows near the waters, stem slender, fru-
tescent round, reddish at the knobs, leaves three
or four inches long; flowers white, each ombel of
about 20, faintly coloured of rose, similar but
smaller than those of A. revoluta.
160. Asclepias verticillata A.-L. à fenilles de Romarin
Rob. p. 414. Every whorl of four or six leaves
.
petiolated with the margin revolute.
161. Asclepias serpentaria Raf. Caule erecto simplex,
foliis lanceolatis acutis glabris, umbellis laterali-
bus, corollis reflexis, auriculis discolor Raf.-
Asclepiade à cornets pourpres Rob. p. 415. A fine
species, growing near waters, stem low, flowers
with orange corolla and purple nectaries. The
Indians have communicated to the creoles of Lou-
isiana the knowledge of employing it against the
bite of venomous snakes.
162. Spigelia marilandica L.-Ophioxylon Rob. p.
415. Leaves ciliated, corolla scarlet outside,
yellow inside. Blossoms from May to September :
vulgarly Serpentine.
163. Gelsemium sempervirens Juss. Rob. p. 415.
.
.

53
ORDER XV.-SAPOTÆ.
-
164. Bumelia chrysophylloides? Pers. Wild.-Side-
roxylum tenax. Rob. p. 416. Shrub 20 feet high
with flexible branches and short spines, leaves
fasciculated ovate lanceolate, silky and silvery
underneath afterwards gilt; flowers small. By
the shape of the leaf it should be B. lanuginosa
Pers.
165. Chrysophyllum ludovicianum Raf. Spinosum,
foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, subtus sericeis,
floribus fasciculatis axillaribus. Raf.—Chryso-
phyllum glabrum Rob. p. 416. It is not that
species, which has smooth leaves underneath and
grows
in the West-Indies. This genus had not
yet been found in North-America. A shrub eight
or ten feet high, flowers small greenish, calyx
five parted, a sessile stigma, berry globular, seeds
compressed.
CLASS IX.-D. MONOPETALES PERIGYNES.
ORDER I.-GUIACANÆ.
166. Diospiros virginiana L.-D. guiacana Rob. p.
417. In shady and even in sandy soils, in Loui-
siana and Florida.
167. Styrax glabrum. Cavan. Pursh. St. levigatum
E*

54
Wild.-St. americanum Rob. p. 419. A shrub
twelve or fifteen feet high, grows near water,
leaves petiolate ovate ; flowers white, calyx
five toothed, tube of the corolla short.
168. Hopea tinctoria L. Rob. p. 419.
ORDER II.-RHODODENDRA.
169. Kalmia latifolia L. Rob. p. 419.
170.
angustifolia L.-Rob. p. 420.
ORDER IH.-ERICÆ.
IX. N. G, DUPRATZIA. Raf. Calix tubulatus striatus
6 dentatus persistens, Corolla infundibuliformis,
tubus calice longitudine, limbus 6 fidus, laci-
niis ovatis : Stamina 6 ? Stylus 1 ? Capsula.....
........ Obs. Robin describes only the calyx and
corolla of this plant, and by omitting the remain-
der, leaves me doubtful as to its natural order;
but by the habit it appears to have little affinity
with the American genera of this order : I there-
fore suspect it to belong to the Gentiane, and it
has a real affinity with some species of Sabbattia;
but appears to be a distinct genus by the diffe-
rent shape of the calyx. It might also be akin
to Phlox. I have named it after Dupratz, who
has wrote on the natural history of Louisiana
Raf.
171. Dupratzia scoparia Raf. Ramis fastigiatis vir-
gatis quadrangulis, angulis alatis, foliis sessilibus
a
a

55
linearibus glabris pdpressis, floribus spicatis ver-
ticillatis. Raf.-Balayeuse Rob. p. 420. An an-
nual plant, rising three or four feet, the branches
are long slender, forming a thick brush, yel-
lowish; flowers terminal; numerous, sessile
forming a handsome violet spike : the corolla is
light violet, each division with a red line.
172. Arbutus obtusifolius Raf. Arborescens, foliis
petiolatis ellipticis, obtusis, integris, lucidis
margine revolutis ; racemis terminalibus, secun-
dis, paucifloris Raf.--Arbutus Rob.
p.
421.
Shrub about twelve feet high, leaves at the end
of the branches, racemes of ten or twelve flow-
ers, calyx urceolated five-toothed, corolla white
ovate angular, anthers hairy laying on the style,
stigma elliptic. Grows in shady woods. It has
some affinity with A. laurifolius by the inflores-
cence and with A. menziesiï by the leaves ; how-
;
ever, as Robin does not say that the fruit is a
berry, it might be an Andromeda instead of an
Arbutus, but yet a new species.
ORDER IV.--CAMPANULACÆ.
173. Campanula angulata Raf. Villosa, Caule pro-
cumbens angulatus ramosus ; foliis radicalibus
elongatis oblongis crenatis-ciliatis, caulinis semi-
amplexicaulis ovatis remotis ; floribus axillaribus
sessilibus. Raf.--Campanula. Rob. p. 422.
Leaves with all the nerves beginning at the base,
calyx and corolla three to five cleft, three to

56
five stamina inserted on the corolla, filaments
broad at the base, upper part divergent, stigma
trilobed; capsul three to five celled, lengthened,
probably belonging to the sub-genus Legouzia
along with C. amplexicaulis.
X.
N. G. ADNARIA Raf. Calyx adhereus, urceolatus
5 fidus, corolla tubo brevi, limbus 5 partitus
reflexus ; stamina 10, disco glanduloso inserta,
filamentis conniventis, anthera intus adnatæ mu-
ticæ ; stylo stigmatoque simplex : Bacca 5 locu-
laris ?-Obs. This new genus does not belong
to this order, but to the order Vaccinia, being
intermediary between the genera Oxycoccus and
Vaccinium. Its name is derived from the remarka-
ble insertion of the anthers.
174. Adnaria odorata Raf. Fruticosum, foliis petiola-
tis oblongis glabris, sub-dentatis, floribus 2-3,
breviter pedunculatis, lacinis corollinis lanceolatis
acuminatis. Raf.--Campanula 2. Rob. p. 422. A
shrub rising about nine feet and growing in
swamps, blossoming in April; bark brown,
branches slender, leaves alternate with a few
teeth, flowers white, two or three together,
with a faint smell, anthers yellow.

57
GLASS X.-D. MONOPETALES EPIGYNES
SYNANTHERES.
ORDER I.-CICHORACÆ
175. Krigia? oppositifolia Raf. Caulibus cespitosis,
foliis oppositis integris, angustis, radicalibus
sinuatis, foliolis perianthus patulis. Raf.—Ano-
nyme Rob. p. 324.
324. A small smooth plant of a
light green, only four inches high, perianth with
nine equal divisions, after the anthesis they be-
come connivent, and include the oblong seeds ;
without down! By the opposite stem leaves, this
plant differs in habit from Krigia, and indeed
from the whole order. If the seeds are naked
it
may form a new genus under the name of
Serinia. Raf.
176. Prenanthes ? glauca Raf. Caule ramoso, striato
glauco, foliis sinuato-pinnatifidis, obtuse dentatis,
glaucis supra scabris, foliolis calicularis filifor-
mis Raf.-Chicorée usuelle Rob.
A
species akin to P. serpentaria of Pursh ; stem
three feet high, flowers yellow, perianth poly-
phyllous : down feathery according to Robin,
which might determine the formation of a new
genus under the name of Esopon. Raf. This
species is used in Louisiana in decoction instead of
Chicory.
177. Troximon bulbosum Raf. Caule ramoso, foliis
sinuatis dentatis, perianthus simplex, radicibus
p. 424.

58
fibrosis bulbiferis Raf.-Leontodon bulbosum
Rob. p. 425. Robin says it resembles the pre-
ceding, but differs by the perianth without cali-
cule and the simple down : bulbs white, small,
hard and bitter.
178. Lactuca elongata Wild. Pursh.-Laitue à feuilles
de Chene Rob. p. 426. Stem over seven feet
high.
179. Lactuca fistulosa Raf. Foliis sessilis, runcinatis,
glabris, glaucis crassis, caule pedunculisque fis-
tulosis Raf.-Laitue 2. Rob. p. 425. Two feet
high, flowers large, numerous ; the hogs are
very fond of it ; it is possessed of a medium
quality between Lettice and Chicory. Grows
at Atakapas.
180. Troximon odoratum Raf. Hispidum, ramis fas-
tigiatis, foliis sessilibus ovato-oblongis acutis
integris ciliatis scabris, floribus racemosis nudis,
perianthis pilosis 8 partitis, sub 12 floris Raf.
-Chicoracée fenouillette Rob. p. 425. Stems
four feet high, round milky; leaves a little thick.
flowers pale yellow, sweet-scented, ligules five-
toothed, anthers and stigmas very projecting,
deep yellow ; seeds oblong compressed striated
with a thick and long down. This species toge-
ther with Tr. virginieum, Tr. pallidum and Tr.
bulbosum will form the genus Troxiinon ; the
other species which are acaules and with an
embricated calyx, must form a peculiar genus
which I shall call Agoseris. Raf. Found in woods.
181. Sonchus macrophyllus Wild ?-Laitron Rob. p.
-

59
426. Stem six or seven feet high, hollow, striated
glabrous large leaves unequally runcinated,
flowers large blue on large peduncles, down ses-
sile. This is perhaps a new species, it grows in
woods.
182. Troximon pallidum Raf. Hispidum, foliis sessi-
libus ovato-oblongis acutis integris ciliatis crassis,
floribus axillaribus pedunculatis adpressis, peri-
anthis pilosis 8 partitis sub 12 floris. Raf.
Helmintia echioides Rob. p. 426.
This species
scarcely differs from Tr. odoratum ; but it grows
in meadows, has inodorous whitish yellow flow-
ers not forming a naked raceme. Every thing
else similar,
Order II.-CYNAROCEPHALES.
This genus
-
XI. G. ONOPIX Raf. Perianthus ventricosus imbri.
catus caliculatus, caliculus parvus squamosus,
squamis perianthis apice carinatis mucronatis
plerumque spinosis. Phoranthus carnosus pilo-
sus. Flosculis, tubulosis inequalibus quinquefidis,
laciniis linearibus, interiora magis incisa, stigma
simplex : pappus pilosus.—Obs.
which belongs to the family Cynaridia having a
division of the corolla more deeply cut, differs
from Cynara and Pternix by the caliculate peri-
anthe and simple down : some species of Cnicus or
Cirsium may perhaps be found to belong to it;
their habit is similar. The name was an ancient
one for some species of Carduus. Raf.

60
-
183. Onopix sericeus. Raf. Caule ramoso striato,
foliis angustis remote-pinnatifidis, subtus cano-
sericeis, pinnulis oblongis apice spinosis ; flori-
bus solitaris, caliculis paucis filiformis, mucronis
perianthi spinosis Raf.—Atractylis Rob. p.
427.
Stem four feet high, white at the top, leafy;
blossoms in September and October, flowers of a
rose violet, the phoranthe of this plant tastes like
that of Artichoke. There is a variety or akin
species which blossoms in April and rises only two
feet.
184. Onopix intyboceus Raf. Caule ramoso sulcato,
foliis pinnatifidis spinosis utrinque glabris, floribus
solitaris, caliculis imbricatis, mucronis perianthi
aristatis reflexis Raf.—Chardon à feuilles de chi-
corée Rob. p. 428.
428. It rises over six feet, with
many furrowed branches, the leaves are larger,
broader, and thicker than in the foregoing spe-
cies, which it resembles entirely in the fructifica-
tion.
185. Eryngium tuberosum Raf. Radice tuberosa, fo-
liis. angustis indivisis serrato spinosis enervis,
caulinis amplexicaulibus ; floribus corymbosis,
perianthus spinosus octophyllus Raf.-Chardon
tubéreux Rob. p. 429. This plant is a real
Eryngium, stem round, a little knobby, one or
two feet high, the radical leaves are thick, striated
and elongated. Perianthe plane, phoranthe globu-
lar, with acute and concave scales, calyx with five
acuminated divisions ; seeds compressed winged.
-

61
A variety rises four feet, has radical leaves a foot
long, and only four flowers.
176. Liatris linaria Raf. Caule simplici sulcato pu-
bescens, foliis adpresis lineari-lanceolatis imbri-
catis, spica densa, perianthis oblongis quinques
floris, squamis ciliatis acutis squarrosis Raf.
Cynarocephale élégante sans épines Rob. P.
429.
Stem two or three feet high, blossoms in August,
spike thick, six or eight inches long, flowers pur-
ple, two stigmas, seeds striated, acute, compress-
ed; akin to L. pycnostachya.
177. Marshallia bulbosa R. Bulbosa scabra, cauli-
bus simplicibus striatis, foliis lanceolatis acumi-
natis ciliatis, perianthus oblongus, squamis acutis,
externis coloratis Raf.-Sarrette bulbeuse Rob.
p. 430. Many stems rising two or three feet
(uniflore ?) bulb scarious hairy, corollas purple,
swelled above, two stigmas, seeds oblong, tipped
with scales, which makes it a real Marshallia,
ORDER III.-CORYMBIFERA.
178. Cacalia pubescens Raf. Caule pubescens, foliis
oppositis, longe petiolatis hastatis puberulis den-
tatis, dentibus elongatis, perianthis sub 12 floris
Raf.-Cacalia 1. Rob. p. 432. This is perhaps a
variety of C. suaveolens, which however is a
smooth plant, or an Eupatorium. Stems four or
five feet high, round, bushy, the leaves are co-
vered with a fine down, flowers white, sweet
scented.
F

62
-
189. Eupatorium perfoliatum L.-Cacalia 2. Rob. p.
432.
190. Eupatorium violaceum Raf. Foliis oppositis
petiolatis cordatis dentatis undulatis hirsutis,
floribus pedunculatis, pedunculis squamosis Raf.
-Cacalia violette à feuilles d'Ortie Rob.
p.
432.
Many small round and weak stems, branches
fastigiated, flowers small, violet, the stigmas of the
same colour. A fine plant, growing in shady and
weedy places, blossoms in October.
191. Mikania angulosa Raf. Caule scandente, ramis
angulosis sulcatis, foliis oppositis petiolatis del-
toide-reniformis obtusis tenuis, obtuse-dentatis,
corymbis axillaribus, perianthis tetraphyllis cali-
culatis quadrifloris Raf.—Cacalia 4. Rob. p. 433.
Very similar to Mikania scandens, rising 15 to 20
feet, leaves thin and feeling soft, about 20 flowers
in each corymb of a yellowish white, two small
folioles for calicule, anthers brown. The species
of Mikania with caliculate perianthe and simple
down, like this, scarcely differ from Cacalia. This
blossoms in September and October.
192. Eupatorium crassifolium Raf. Caule ramoso pu-
bescens, foliis oppositis sessilibus linearibus cras-
sis, perianthis quinquefloris Raf.—Eupat. 1. Rob.
p. 433. Is it a variety of E. linearifolium Wild ?
Stem two or three feet high, round, flowers white,
very small, blossoming in August ; vulgar name
Herbe à chevreuil, reckoned good for wounds.
193. Eupatorium altissimum L. Var. longifolium.--Rob.
p. 433. Smaller, with longer leaves, perianthe
ve angular, five leaved, five flowered.
-

63
XII. G. Gynema Raf. Perianthus cylindricus imbri-
catus, foliolis scariosis coloratis. Flosculis femi-
neis numerosis filiformis 2–3 dentatis, herma-
phroditis centralis tubulosis quinquefidis. Pho-
ranthus nudum, pappus pilosus.—Obs. This ge-
nus is intermediary between Conyza, Disynanthus
Raf. and Argyrocome, it has the perianthe of the
latter, the shape of flowers of the second, and they
are nearly disposed as in the first. The name
means filiform female flowers. Many species of
Conyza may belong to it, particularly among the
sweet scented ones. Raf.
194. Gynema balsamica Raf. Caule pubescens, foliis
petiolatis decurrentibus, ovato oblongis, integris,
viscosis; floribus coarctatis, squamis perianthi
subrotundis Raf.-Gnafale lilas ou Baume des
Sauvages Rob. p. 433. Akin to Conyza campho-
rata : a fine plant, stem rising three or four feet,
round, leaves alternate, deep green, large ;
flowers large, of a fine lilac colour, female
floscules very numerous, surrounding seven or
eight hermaphrodite central floscules. It blos-
soms in September and October : the whole has
a strong aromatic smell, which becomes sweet
sometimes after touching it, it is stomachic and
sudorific, the Indians deem it a powerful remedy.
195. Gynema? argentea Raf. Foliis sericeo-argen-
teis floribus albis Raf.-Gnafale 2. Rob. p. 434.
Robin does not describe this elegant plant; he
merely says, that the stem rises three or four feet,
the leaves are silvery, the flowers small and white,

64
the whole plant has a fragrant smell, and it is em-
ployed in infusion like tea. It may be a real
Conyza or an Argyrocome.
196. Gynema ? parviflora Raf. Caule procumbens,
foliis canis, floribus minutissimis Raf.-Gnafale
3. Rob. p. 434. Robin only says of this species
that it has small trailing stems, leaves and flowers
white, these exceedingly small, growing in fields
and open wild grounds.
197. Chrysocoma purpurea Raf. Herbacea, foliis ses-
silibus oblongis acutis denticulatis glabris, floribus
pedunculatis, corymbis laxis. Raf.-Grande Chry-
socome Rob. p. 434. Stem six or seven feet
high, leaves thickly scattered, of a dark green,
flowers purplish, floscules five cleft. As Robin
does not describe the fructification, it may be an
Eupatorium instead of a Chrysocoma.
198. Chrysocoma heterophylla Raf. Fruticosa, foliis
petiolatis uninervis coriaceis crassis lucidis acutis
imis oblongo-rhomboidalis apice remote dentatis,
summis oblongo-linearibus integris. Raf.-Chry-
socome 2. Rob. p. 435. A shrub 15 feet bigh,
wood brittle knobby, bark tawny, young branches
green, flowers straw colour, perianthe with about
20 flowers, short styles and seeds. Perhaps a
species of Baccharis?
XIII. N.G. ARNOGLOSSUM Raf. Perianthus periphyl-
lus oblongus denudatus coloratus pentagonus 5.
florus, flosculis hermaphroditis, limbus infiatus 5
fidus reflexus, staminibus styloque bifidus exertis;
semina oblonga, pappus sessilis pilosus.---This

65
genus differs from Mikania by the shape of the
perianthe and corolla. Robin himself declares
it ought to be a new genus. The name was an
ancient one for some species of Plantago. Raf.
199. Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. Caule glabro
canescens sulcato, foliis radicalibus ovatis ob-
tusis nervosis, caulinis remotis, corymbis graci-
lis Raf.-Chrysocome à feuilles de Plaintain
Rob.
P. 435. Stem three or four feet high,
smooth white, anthers brown, styles yellow : pe-
rennial, growing along the woods, blossoming in
March.
XIV. N. G. ERECHTITES Raf. Perianthus carnosug
periphyllus (vel polyphyllus foliolis conniventis)
denudatus, sulcatus, multidentatus multiflorus:
flosculis hermaphroditis 5 dentatis, pappus ses-
silis pilosus.-Obs. Differing from Senecio by the
perianthe neither caliculate nor sphacelate. The
name was one of those given by Dioscorides to
the Senecio. Raf.
200 Erechtites prealta Raf. Caule stricto sulcato pu-
bescens, foliis alternis sessilibus basi attenuatis,
oblongis, inequaliter dentatis, acuminatis gla-
bris, subtus nervis pubescentibus ; floribus co-
rymbosis pedunculatis Raf.—Anonyme Rob. p.
435. Fine plant, stem rising over seven feet,
strong, upright, large leaves over a foot long,
flowers large white ; it grows near woods and
blossoms in September. It has some similarity
of habit, &c. with Senecio hieracifolius L.
201. Erigeron hyemale Raf.-Hirsutum, caule striato,
ܪ
-
**

66
foliis oblongis inequaliter remote dentato-sinuatis,
radicalibus sessilibus patulis, caulinis semiamplex-
icaulibus ; perianthis hemisphericis, foliolis apice
scariosis albis, ligulis disco brevioribus Raf.-
Vergerolle I. Rob. p. 436. Very similar to E,
,
philadelphicum, but differing in the perianthe,
which is similar to that of Chrysanthemum, and the
flowers, which have a yellow disk and white linear
rays ; they blossom in February : Stem only one
foot high and corymbose, floscules five-toothed.
202. Erigeron ramosum Raf. Pubescens, caule pani-
culato-ramoso, tereti, foliis sessilibus linearibus :
floribus paniculatis. Raf.–Vergerolle 2. à rayon
blanc, disque grisatre Rob. p. 437. Similar to
E. divaricatum Mx. ; stem three or four feet
high, branches numerous, leaves alternate short,
flowers with white rays and grey disk, half an
inch in diameter, perianthe with unequal subu-
late folioles ; it blossoms in October, and bears a
multitude of flowers.
203. Aster paniculatus Wild ?-Aster 1 Rob.
P.
437.
Stem pubescent round, branches slender and
weak, disk yellow or brown : grows among
bushes.
204. Aster............A. 2. Rob. p. 447. Habit of the
foregoing, leaves sessile, narrow, rough, flowers
larger. This species and the two following not
being described by Robin, cannot be ascertained
they may be known or new : observers will de-
side.
ܪ
;

67
205. Aster...............A. 3. Rob. 437. This differs by
smaller smooth leaves, and a pyramidal disk.
206. Aster..............A. 4. Rob. p. 437. Small, pu-
bescent leaves, flowers of a lilac colour.
207. Aster pratense Raf. Caule frutescens paniculatus
foliolatus, foliis semiamplexicaulibus oblongis
integris uninervis Raf.-A. 5. à grandes fleurs
Rob. p. 437. Stem round stiff, flowers over one
inch in diameter, terminal, with violet rays and
yellow disk; it blossoms in October and grows
in meadows.
208. Solidago canadensis L ? Solid. 1. Rob. p. 438.
A fine plant growing in meadows and rising over
six feet, leaves trinervated rough, panicle hand-
some conical, racemes spreading and with uni-
lateral flowers : it blossoms in October.
209. Solidago........., S. 2. Rob. p. 438. This second
species is not described by Robin, he only says it
is lower and not so handsome as the foregoing,
blossoming together.
210. Jacobea opuntifolia Raf. Caule fistuloso, foliis
obovatis carnosis integris, floribus corymbosis.
radiatis Raf.-Senecon radié à feuilles de ra-
quette Rob. p. 438. A fine plant growing along
the Mississippi, under trees, and blossoming in
winter; stem three feet high ; flowers large
yellow. It belongs to the genus Jacobea, differ-
ing by its radiated flowers from Senecio.
XV. G. MnesiteOn Raf. Perianthus periphyllus tur-
binatus quadrifidus, laciniis radiatis foliaceis ra-
dio longior : phoranthus nudum : synanthus radi-

68
a
-
atus, flosculis hermaphroditis quadrifidis tetran-
dris. Semina compressa alata membranacea,
apice margine crasso coronata.–Obs. A singular
genus, having a striking similarity with Eclipta L.
Cenia Jussieu and Buphthalmum L. but different
from either, and also from Calendula, to which
Robin joins it. The name was an ancient one
for some species of Buphthalmum. Raf.
211. Mnesiteon Album Raf. Scabrum, ramis diffusis,
foliis alternis ?) linearibus integris, floribus gemi-
natis. Raf.—Calendula 1. Rob. p. 439. Stem
three or four feet high, leaves narrow with only
one nerve : flowers small lateral and terminal,
half an inch in diameter, entirely white both rays
and disk, anthers grey, stigmas yellow ; seeds
oblong blackish, the upper margin deep green.
It blossoms in June, the branches are juicy, and the
juice becomes black as soon as it comes in con-
tact with the air? This species has some analogy
with Buphthalmum angustifolium of Pursh, which
perhaps belongs here, and also with Eclipta
erecta Wild. which is Verbesina alba L.
212. Mnesiteon album var. pumilum Raf.-Calendula 2.
Rob. p. 439. Only four or five inches high,
blossoming in April; probably a distinct species to
which the name of M. pumilum may be given.
213. Mnesiteon luteum Raf. Pubescens, ramis divari-
catis teretis, foliis oppositis serratis, floribus
longe pedunculatis, discus conicus Raf.-Calen-
dula 3. Rob. p. 439. This rises two or three
feet and the flowers are entirely yellow. Strik-
ingly different from M, album.
-

69
-
214. Eclipta ciliata Raf. Caule erecto tereti levis,
foliis alternis sessilibus remotis linearibus glabris
ciliatis crassis, perianthus conicus. Raf.-Radiée
anonyme Rob. p. 449. Stem two or three feet
.
high. Flowers terminal, less than one inch in
diameter, rays white, disk yellow, perianthe
with many rows of folioles. Seeds compressed
notched, with a few small aristas. This plant
blossoms in September ; it has the smell of Cicuta
and a very acrid taste, therefore must be dele-
terious.
215 Artemisia dracunculus L. Rob. p. 440.
216. - amorpha Raf. Foliis linearibus, peri-
anthis oblongis, paucifloris, ligulis flosculis in-
termixtis.-A. 2. Rob. p. 440. Similar to the
foregoing, having the same smeil and an acrid
taste, perianthe oblong instead of globular, and
containing four or five small mixed flowers, some
of which are five-toothed floscules, and some
ligular floscules! This being so imperfectly de-
scribed by Robin, might be the A. cana of Pursh,
or the A. integrifolia of Wildenow, but it differs
from either by the flowers which are not ovate,
and the singular character of some floscules be-
coming ligular, makes it very remarkable.
,
217. Galardia amara Raf. Caule apice paniculato,
ramis unifloris, foliis linearibus reflexis glabris,
ligulis apice dilatatis tridentatis Raf.–Anthemis
Rob. p. 440. This plant has not the habit of
Anthemis, but rather of a Galardia ; as Robin de-
a
scribes it imperfectly, it may, however, be either,

70
or even an Helenium. Stem rising one foot and
an half, round and smooth, with many long
leaves of a deep green. Perianthe small embri-
cated with unequal leafy folioles, rays much lon-
ger, phoranthe spherical (seeds perhaps naked).
The whole plant is odoriferous and intensely
bitter, it gives an abominable bitter taste to the
milk of the cows that feed upon it in summer,
when the plant thrives and keeps green notwith-
standing the greatest drought. It grows at
Atakapas near roads and houses, but was brought
there accidentally.
218. Verbesina Sieg esbeckia Wild ?-Anthemis vel
Verbesina Rob. p. 441. Not described, common
along the Mississippi, stem winged branched, two
or three feet high, flowers yellow, odoriferous.
It is errhinous.
219. Helianthus procumbens Raf. Scaber, caulibus
procumbentibus subrepens, foliis oppositis peti,
olatis ovalis dentatis ; floribus axillaribus solitaris.
Raf.—Buphthalmum Rob. p. 441. But certain-
ly not of that genus, although the habit is a little
different from Helianthus. Stems round with a
rough pubescence, flowers yellow, blossoming
all summer, perianthe oval embricated with une-
qual folioles, phoranthe conical, with coloured
paleas, membranaceous and toothed This is per-
haps the H. prostratus of Wildenow.
220. Polyonnia macrophylla Raf. Caule sulcato, foliis
oppositis petiolatis, petiolis alatis amplexicaulis,
sinuato-angulosis acutis supra scabris ; radiis
a

경
​abreviatis oblongis tridentatis Raf.--Polymnia
Rob. p. 441.
441. Stem over nine feet high, spotted
of purple, leaves two feet long and nearly as
broad, with five or seven large sinuated angles ; ;
flowers yellow pedunculated, exterior perianthe
4 phylle, interior 10 phylle, crown with 10 rays,
10 seeds oval, angular, size of a pea, covered
by the folioles of the interior perianthe : 20
male central floscules, anthers brown. It
grows
among trees and blossoms in August.
221. Bidens frondosa L.-B. 1. Rob. p. 442. Stem
brown angular branched, three or four feet high,
interior perianthe scariose and coloured ; seeds
compressed with two hooked arols. It blossoms
in October.
222. Bidens bipinnata L. Rob. p. 443. Stem black-
ish, rising four or five feet, branches slender
and long, three or four neutral rays short and
toothed, seeds forming a globular head with
hooked awls, they are disseminated by the her-
bivorous animals to whose skin they cling ; grows
in woods.
223. Verbesina virginica L.-V. alata Rob. p. 443.
Stem about seven feet high, round canescent
rough, leaves rough above, tomentose underneath
oblong acuminated ; perianthe tomentose striated,
folioles squarrose, four small white laciniated rays,
,
anthers grey, (phoranthe hairy !) Vulgar name,
Herbe à trois quarts. The roots of this plant are
a valuable sudorific and depurative, they are

72
used in decoction; the Indians were those who
discovered those properties.
224. Verbesina coreopsis, Mich ?-Verbes. 2. Rob. p.
444. Also winged, with yellow flowers, two or
three feet high ; it possesses the qualities of the
foregoing, but in a less degree.
225. Coreopsis aurea Wild ?-Coreopsis 1. Rob. p.
444.
226. Coreopsis angustifolia Wild ?-C. 2. Rob. p.
444.
227. Coreopsis scabra Raf. Ramis remotis elongatis
subulatis, foliisque imis oppositis, summis alternis,
foliis integris (lanceolatis ?) scaberrimis : semini-
bus oblongis angulatis Raf.-Coreopsis 3. Rob.
About six feet high, leaves five inches
long, flowers yellow, over two inches diameter,
12 to 15 rays; perhaps C. acuta of Pursh.
-228. Silphium perfoliatum L. Rob. p. 445. A beau-
tiful plant of which Robin gives an elegant des-
cription, and which he thinks may suggest the
idea of a new order, or at least new ornaments, of
architecture. Stem simple, rising over nine feet,
angular-rhomboidal, leaves undulated acuminate.
229. Helianthus giganteus Wild ?--Soleil vivace Rob.
-
P. 444.
P. 447.
230. Helianthus pubescens Wild ?-H. doronicoide
Rob. p. 447.
231. Helianthus multiflorus Wild? Hel. 3. Rob. p. 447.
XVI. N. G. HELIOPHTHALMUM Raf Perianthus pla-
niusculus, laxus polyphyllus, foliolis inequalibus,
externis elongatis angustatis ; phoranthus planus

73
Sun's eye.
paleaceus, paleis scariosis coloratis duplice ordini
dispositis, externe radiis circondans, interne disco.
Radio ligulis 8 ovatis neutris, pappus marginatus
dentatus.--Obs. This genus differs from Rudbeckia
by the shape of the perianthe, disposition of the
chaffs, flat phoranthe, &c. The name means
It is, however no wonder, that Robin
united it with Rudbeckia since so many heteroge-
neous species have been united to it. All the
species with naked seeds as R. pinnata fc. must
*form my genus Obelisteca, and those with a sim-
ple perianthe, such as R. columnaris Pursh, my
genus Ratibida. Raf.
232. Heliophthalmum cicutefolium Raf. Caule ramoso,
sulcato tetragono, angulis obtusis; ramis unifloris,
foliis oppositis bipinnatis, foliolis lanceolatis laci-
niatis Raf.-Rudbeckia à feuilles de cigue Rob.
p. 447. A fine plant, with pretty leaves, and
Jarge flowers. Stem three or four feet, branches
opposite, numerous, slender but stiff: flowers
two inches in diameter, yellow, anthers brown.
233. Galardia bicolor Wild ?-Galardia Rob. p. 447.
Stem two or three feet high, branched diffuse,
leaves oblong crenulated rough, disk brown, co-
nical, seeds with eight chaffy scales, common on
the delta of the Mississippi, in open fields. Per-
haps a different species; but the colour of the
flowers agree.
234. Elephantopus flexuosus Raf. Caule ramoso flex-
uoso, foliis radicalibus caulinisque sessilibus ova-
iis denticulatis acutis, subtus tomentosis, mar-
G

74
gine revoluto Raf.-Fausse Radiée Rob. p. 448.
Stem round, branches distant alternate flexu-
ose, radical leaves over half a foot long, stem
leaves smaller ; glomerule triangular, with three
2
branches, containing eight or nine flowers, peri-
anthe quadrifid and quadriflore, corollas of a pale
lilac colour, tubulate filiform five cleft, the five di-
visions all on one side, forming a sort of radiated
flower with 20 rays, seeds striated downy. It
blossoms in August.
CLASS XI.-D. MONOPETALES EPIGYNES
ELTRANDRES.
ORDER I.-DIPSACEA.
XVII. N. G. DIOTOTHECA Raf. Perianthus poly-
phyllus, foliolis imbricatis scariosis : phoranthus
globosus paleaceus, paleis scariosis coloratis.
Calyx adherens bifidus, corolla irregularis qua-
drifida, lacinia superiora breviora emarginata, in-
feriora longiora. Staminibus 2 brevis, tubo co-
rolla insertis. Stylo stigmatoque simplex. Se-
minibus achenis ovatis monospermis.-Obs. This
new genus is perfectly distinct, it has some affi-
nity with Allionia and still more with Morina from
which it only differs by the shape of the Peri-
anthe, besides the whole habit. The name of

75
Diototheca, was given by Vaillant to the Morina
of Tournefort and Linnæus. Raf.
235. Diototheca repens Raf. Caulibus repentibus pu-
bescentibus tetragonis, foliis oppositis petiolatis
ovalis dentatis scabris, floribus axillaribus. Raf.
-Scabiosa Rob. p. 449. A small plant only
eight inches long, folioles of the perianthe large,
chaffs violet, the divisions of the calyx broad at
the base.
It grows along the banks of the Mis-
sissippi in open grounds.
236. Cephalanthus occidentalis L.-Bois de Marais
Rob.
P.
450. Shrub 12 to 16 feet high, growing
in swamps and near the waters, bark
grey,
wood
brittle, leaves balf a foot long, oval opposite pe-
tiolate shining above, whitish underneath, flowers
sweet scented, white, corolla hairy inside. The
leaves, flowers, and principally the bark of its
roots, are frequently employed as a febrifuge, a
cathartic, and incisive.
a
ORDER II.-RUBIACEA.
237. Galium uniflorum Michaux ?-G. 1. Rob. p. 452.
A small species seven or eight inches high, whirls
four or five leaved, leaves nearly linear, smooth,
one nerved, stem angular only rough at the base,
seeds smooth, blossoms in March and April.
Perhaps a new species ; but Robin does not de-
scribe the inflorescence. Flowers white.
238. Galium longicaule Raf. Caulibus longissimis an-
gulatis, foliisque aculeatis, verticillis 6—8 phyllis,

76
foliis obovatis acuminatis ; floribus axillaribus ter-
minalibusque, seminibus hispidis Raf.-Galium.
2. Rob. p. 452. Flowers white, blossoming in
March and April. Perhaps the G. brachiatum of
Pursh?
-239. Galium trifidum Wild.-G. 3. Rob.
p.
452.
240. Diodia oblongo Raf. Caulibus procumbentibus
tetragoris geniculatis pubescentibus, foliis subses-
silibus oblongis integris acutis glabris, floribus
solitaris geminatisque, corollis intus barbatis
Raf.-Crucianella 1. Rob. p. 452. Stem two or
three feet long, flowers white, stamina projecting,
style bifid, anthers oblong and transversal : corol-
la infundibuliform.
241. Spermacoce lasiantha Raf. Caule debilis, ramis
diffusis, foliis sessilibus oblongis acutis integris
nervosis, nervis scabris, floribus verticillatis, co-
rolla intus lanata. Raf.-Crucianella. 2. Rob. p.
453. Stem about two feet long, leaves two or
three inches long, flowers small white sessile glo-
merated, calyx with four teeth ; stamina sessile
hidden in the wool of the corolla. It blossoms
in August.
242. Rubia techensis Raf. Caule debilis diffuso qua-
drangulo, angulis aculeatis, foliis quaternis sub-
sessilis ovalis lucidis, margine piloso scabro. Raf.
-Rubia Rob. p. 453. Found on the eastern
side of the river Teche, root red and yellow ;
stem scarcely two feet high, leaves one inch long.
Robin did not see the flowers, it might be a spe;
cies of Galium?
ܪ ܐ

77
243. Hedyotis crassifolia Raf. Ramis tenuis divari-
catis sulcatis unifloris, foliis sessilibus oblongis
acutis glabris integris carnosis, floribus longe pe-
dunculatis. Raf.—Anonyme 1. Rob. p. 454. This
plant although resembling very much the Hous-
tonia, is a real Hedyotis having a capsul two celled -
and polysperme. It blossoms in February, it
varies with white, deep violet and pale violet
flowers, stem only two inches high, tube of the
corolla filiform, four stamina in the tube nearly
sessile, style short, stigma oblong, capsul heart
shaped, with many minute seeds.
244. Hedyotis ? rosea Raf, Repens, floribus roseis..
Anonyme 2. Rob. p. 454. This may be the
Houstonia tenella of Lyon and Pursh ; Robin does
not describe it, but he merely says it is still
smaller than the foregoing, creeping, and with
flowers of a pale rose colour.
245. Cornus florida L.--Cephalanthus Rob. p. 454.
Vulgar names Bois-bouton and Bois-de-flêche. It
rises 30 feet, blossoms in February. Robin gives
a long description of this common tree, which
evidently proves his mistake in taking it for the
Cephalanthus ; he says that the calyx is angular
4 toothed, the corolla 4 parted reflexed, the sta-
mina opposed to its divisions! the stigma sessile ;
but these two last characters are erroneous.
246. Viburnum prunifolium Wild. Pursh ?-Cor-
nouiller monopétale Rob. p. 455. It blossoms
in March, is very common, rises often over 30
feet, it likes the shady grounds, fruit bluish black,
G*

78
good to eat, stamina projecting, one sessile stig-
ma! Many American species of this genus have
only one stigma; they must form a sub-genus,
which I shall call Lentago.
247. Cornus polygamus Raf. Ramis strictis levis ru-
bris, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongis integris,
oblique acuminatis, subtus canis, floribus femineo-
polygamis. Raf.-Cornus 2. Rob. p. 456. A
shrub about 15 feet high, branches slender, red,
opposite, smooth, leaves deep green above, om-
bels small, terminal, calyx entire! petals acute
and white, anthers grey, style shorter than the
stamina, stigma globular ; many flowers, and even
whole ombels, have no stamina. Fruit black,
very good to eat. It blossoms in April.
ORDER III.-CAPRIFOLIA.
-
248. Caprifolium rubrum Raf. Foliis deciduis cartila-
gineis subtus glaucis, floribus verticillatis pallide
rubris. Raf.—Caprif. 1. Rob. p. 437.
437. Not de-
scribed by Robin, therefore a doubtful species ;
but yet differing from all the American species.
249. Caprifolium sempervivens Pursh. Lonicera do.
L. Wild.Caprif. 2. Rob. p. 457.
XVIII. N.G. KARPATON Raf. Calyx adherens 4 den-
tatus, corolla tubulosa quadrifida bilabiata ; sta-
mina 2, antheris bilobis, lobis remotis ; ovarium
inferum, stylo sub labio superiore corollæ, stigma
simplex: capsula calice coronata (monolocularis ?)
4 spermjs.Obs. A remarkable new genus of this

79
order, differing by the stamina and fruit from all
the other genera : it will, however, come next
to Diervilla. The name was an ancient one for
some species of Caprifolium. Raf.
250. Karpaton hastatum Raf. Caule anguloso, ramis
fastigiatis, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongis has-
tatis basi inequaliter dentatis, acuminatis glabris ;
floribus verticillatis sessilibus. Raf.—Anonyme
Rob. p. 457. Rising three feet, flowers small,
glomerated at the axillas.
251. Viscum leucarpum Raf. (V. album Walter. V.
flavescens Pursh.) Caule articulato ramosissimum
foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongis obtusis, floribus
axillaribus sessilibus glomeratis, glomerulis 3-4
floris, baccis albis. Raf.–Viscum Rob.
Very different from the V. album of Europe, and
the V. flavescens of South America, by its axillar
few flowered glomerules.
P. 458.
CLASS XII.-D. POLYPETALES EPIGYNES.
ORDER I. -ARALIÆ.
XIX. N.G. TRICLINIUM Raf. Monoicum triclinatum,
Fl. hermaphrod. Calyx adherens 5-dentatus,
Petala 5 inflexa ; Stamina 5 incurvis ; Ovarium
adherens globosum echinatus ; Stylis 2 longissi-
mis recurvis : Fructus achena bilocularis disper-
ma, calice coronata, extus echinata, setuliş

80
-
incurvis. Fl. Fem. Similis sed stamina carens.
Fl. Masc. Similis sed ovarium carens, calyx ur-
ceolatus 5 fidus.-Umbellis simplicibus involu-
cratis.-Obs. This genus is certainly not a
Panax, as Robin says ; but it has the greatest
analogy with Sanicula, from which it differs by
the divided calyx, crowned fruit, and double
polygamy. The name means three beds. The
Sanicula marilandica must belong to the same
genus.
252. Triclinium odoratum Raf. Ramis divaricatis an-
gulatis ; foliis longe petiolatis trifoliatis glabris,
foliolis oblongatis inequaliter dentatis apice loba-
tis, radicalibus subpalmatis, foliolis lateralibus
bipartitis ; flosculis omnibus pedunculatis, herma-
phroditis paucis. Raf.-Panax Rob. p. 469. It
grows in the woods, stem 12 to 18 inches high,
smooth, angular, purplish at the base, with few
distant branches, petiols vaginated, ombels small,
lateral, and terminal, flowers greenish, having
the sweet scent of Reseda odorata. Stamina with
bent filament, and yellow anthers, ovary with
many rows of stiff curved filaments, styles curved
and reaching the base of it. Blossoms in March
and April.
ORDER II.—OMBELLIFERÆ.
253. Sison trifoliatum Michx. ?-Ægopodium Rob. p.
460. Roots fasciculated, yellow, similar to
Parsnip, stem round, smooth, geniculated, 2 feet

81
high, leaves trifoliated on long petals, smooth,
lateral folioles bilobe, terminal trilobe, flowers
white.
254. Cherophyllum............Not described ; grows in
;
swamps.
255. Daucus ? fetidus Raf. Robin, p. 461. only says of
this species, that it has white roots, a strong disa-
greeable smell, and that it grows in meadows.
256. Peucedanum verticillatum Raf. Foliis decompo-
positis, foliolis filiformibus, inferioribus subverti-
cillatis. Raf.-Peuced. Rob. p. 461. It grows in
moist ground.
257. Hydrocotyle incrassatam Raf. Caulibus submer-
sis strictis fistulosis, foliis peltatis orbiculatis
lucidis natantibus petiolis, basim ad apicem incras-
satis. Raf.-Hydroc. Rob. p. 461. On the lakes
and quiet rivers, growing in immense and thick
groups, calyx entire, petals spreading.
CLASS XIII.-D. POLYPETALES HYPOGYNES.
ORDER I.-RANUNCULACEA.
258. Clematis flavescens Raf. Caule scandens tereti
geniculato, foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis subtri-
fidis glabris, foliola lacinioque media majoribus,
floribus dioicis axillaribus glomeratis. Raf..--
Clematis 1. Rob. p. 462. Similar to Cl. virgin

82
nica, stem slender, 8 to 10 feet high, leaves
opposite, petiolate, flowers yellowish.
259. Clematis striata Raf. Caulibus procumbentibus
striatis, foliis oppositis, petiolis vaginatis, imis
simpliciusculis, summis remote bijugis ; floribus
hermaphrodits, corymbis terminalibus pauci-
floris, petalis coriaceis crassis striatis revolu-
tis. Raf.—Clematis 2. Rob. p. 462. Stem weak
slender, four or five feet long, bark yellow brown,
four or five pedunculated flowers, violet or
whitish, seeds bearded. Grows in the woods and
meadows.
260. Anemone virginiana L ?--Anemone 1. Rob. p.
463. Stem branched hairy, two or three feet
high, leaves with three large folioles and two
smaller ones, flowers small yellowish on long
peduncles, fruit long.
261. Anemone anomala Raf. Foliis ternis sessilibus
incisis, floribus pentapetalis, petalis inequalibus
Raf.-Anemone 2. Rob. p. 463. Stem about a
foot high.
262. Ranunculus robini Raf. Pubescens, foliis radi-
calibus ternatis, caulinis lanceolatis, floribus 5–6
petalis, petalis patulis oblongis Raf-R. flammu-
la Rob.
p.
463. Stem only four or five inches
high coloured of violet: a doubtful species not
well described.
263. Ranunculus meganthus Raf. Caulibus erectis
pubescentibus unifloris, foliis radicalibus ternatis
trilobisque, caulinis tenuis subfiliformibus, petalis
patulis oblongis, nectaris lamellosis Raf.—Ran.
-
a

83
a
2. Rob. p. 463. Stems only half a foot high vio-
let, calyx coloured, a large yellow flower about
two inches in diameter, five petals thrice longer
than broad.
264. Ranunculus polypetalus Raf. Caulibus erectis
glabris bifloris, foliis ternatis trilobisque, floribus
6-8 petalis, petalis patulis oblongis, nectaris
lamellosis. Raf.—Ran. 3. Rob. p. 463. Same
size as the foregoing, flowers one inch in diameter,
calyx coloured, anthers oblong and crenulated !
265. Ranunculus leptopetalus Raf. Caule erecto pu-
bescens multiflorus, foliis trilobis obtusis crassis,
petalis minutissimis stamina brevioribus, stylis
recurvis. Raf.-Ranunc. 4. Rob. p. 464.
464. Stem
six to eight inches high, flowers exceedingly
small, and petals scarcely visible, receptacle glo-
bular, much larger than the stamina. It blossoms
in March.
-
ORDER II.-PAPAVERACEA.
266. Argemone alba Raf. Caule foliisque spinosis,
foliis runcinatis, capsulis oblongis pentagonis spi-
nosis semi-5-valvis Raf.--Argemone Rob.
P.
464. A beautiful plant introduced in the gardens
of Louisiana from Mexico, with snow-white petals,
yellow stamina and violet stigma, stems three
feet high. The variety of A. mexicana with
white flowers mentioned by Pursh, is perhaps
this species.

84
267. Papaver ........... A species with red flowers is
found along the woods, undescribed by Robin,
probably new, unless it be the P. rheas naturalized.
ORDER III.-CRUCIFERÆ.
-
268. Sisymbrium leptopetalon Raf. Foliis pinnatis,
foliolis lobatis glabris, impari majoribus, racemis
laxis, petalis calice staminibusque brevioribus,
calyx oblongus clausus Raf.-Cardamine 1. Rob.
p. 466. This species belong to the section, (or
peculiar genus ?) of this genus, with closed calyx
and cylindrical siliques, which I call Descuria,
stem eight to ten inches high, with very small
yellowish flowers, petals and anthers yellow,
stigma sessile flat, silique long. It grows near
waters and blossoms in February.
-269. Cardamine reflexa Raf. Foliis pinnatis glabris,
foliolis apice dentatis, racemo elongato, petalis
calice longioribus reflexis, siliquis compressis Raf.
-Cardam. 2. Rob: p. 466. Not well described
by Robin, perhaps it is the C. Pensylvanica. It
grows near waters and blossoms in February,
stem over a foot high, flowers white.
270. Cardamine angustifolia Raf. Foliis pinnatis gla-
bris, foliolis lineari-filiformibus, siliquis teretis
Raf.--Card. 3. Rob. p. 466. A small species,
grows and blossoms as the foregoing.
271. Nasturtium tuberosum Raf. Radice tuberosa
caule erecto ramoso glabro, foliis radicalibus pin-
natis, foliolis dentatis, impari majore hastata,

85
caulinis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis dentatis, ra-
cemis laxis, petalis calice longioribus Raf.-Coch-
learia 1. Rob. p. 466. The genus Nasturtium of
Tournefort, Ventenat, &c. to which this plant
belongs, differs from Lepidium by having a notch-
ed silicule, the stigma sessile in the notch; stem
about a foot high, flowers white, calyx open with
four concave folioles, silicule compressed, round-
ed, notched. The root is wbite, juicy, elongated,
of a sweeter taste than the leaves, it might be-
come comestible. Blossoms in February.
XX. N. G. Dileptium Raf. Calyx 4 phyllus, foliolis
concavis clausis, corolla 4 petala, petalis lineari-
bus integris. Staminibus 2. angulis ovarium alter-
nis: ovarium compressum emarginatum, stigma
sessile emargina insertum. Siliculis subrotundis
compressis emarginatis bilocularis dispermis, val-
vis carinatis.-Obs. This genus differs from Nas-
turtium by the number of stamina, small petals,
&c. The name means two minute stamina. The
Lepidium Virginicum L. belongs to this genus.
272. Dileptium diffusum Raf. Caulibus procumben-
tibus diffusis ramosissimis, foliis pinnatifidis, pin-
nulis dentatis, racemis laxis axillaribus termina-
libusque, petalis minutissimis calice brevioribus
Raf.—Cochlearia 3. Rob. p. 467. It forms thick
turfs of a foot or two in diameter, many smail
leaves. It blossoms at the end of March, and
grows like grass, covering often large spaces of
ground; it is eaten as cresses.
;
H
-

86
273. Dileptium precox Raf. Caulibus erectis ramo-
sis; foliis radicalibus pinnatis, caulinis pinnatifidis,
petalis calice equalibus Raf.—Cochlearia 2. Rob.
p. 467. This resembles the Nasturtium tubero-
sum, and blossoms in February ; flowers white.
274. Nasturtium rotundifolium Raf. Caule erecto ra-
moso, foliis subrotundis sinuato-lobatis crassis,
petalis elongatis calice longioribus Raf.-Coch-
learia 4. Rob. p. 467. A large plant with thick
juicy leaves, good to eat, but tasteless. It re-
sembles Arabis rhomboidea.
-
ORDER IV.-CAPPARIDES.
275. Cleome edulis Raf. Caule inermi ramoso albo
punctato, foliis imis quinatis, summis ternatis, fo-
liolis ovalis acutis, media majore, floribus verti-
cillatis terminalibus pedunculatis, petala 4, ungui-
culata deflexa Raf.—Mozambe comestible Rob.
p. 468. Stem one or two feet high, round, red-
dish, juicy, leaves alternate petiolate, calyx with
four narrow sepals, petals white, inserted on a
glandular disk with long filiform nails and spatu-
lated limb, all deflexed on one side ; on the oppo-
site side a long red gynophore with 6 stamina,
stigma sessile, pod long acute. It grows on open
grounds and blossoms in June. It has much affi-
nity with Cl. pentaphylla L.
276. Cleome speciosa Raf. Caule inermi ramoso, fo-
liis digitatis, foliolis oblongis acuminatis ciliatis
transverse nervosis ; floribus racemosis bracteatis

87
Raf.--Grand Mozambe lilas Rob. p. 469. This
beautiful plant has been introduced from Mexico
into the gardens of Louisiana. Stem four or five
feet high, bushy, leafy, folioles of the leaves re-
gularly smaller laterally, racemes one or two feet
long and six inches in diameter, peduncles red, as
well as the petals when young, and becoming gra-
dually white, which affords a beautiful appear-
ance, flowers very large, probably with the same
structure as in the foregoing.
ORDER V.-SAPINDI.
277. Cardiospermum haliccacabum L.
ORDER VI.-Acera.
278. Paviana flava Raf. Æsculus flava, Wild. L.
Pursh — Pavia à fleurs jaunes Rob. p. 470. Shrub
à
15 to 20 feet high, bushy, irregular, grows near
Pensacola, blossoms in April.
279. Paviana coccinea Raf. Æsculus pavia L.-Pa-
via à fleurs rouges Rob. p. 470. A smaller shrub.
280. Acer rubrum L. Rob. p. 471. It rises over
60 feet, blossoms in March, it is dioical and mo,
noical.
ORDER VIII.--HYPERICA.
281. Ascyrum grandiflorum Raf. Caule frutescens,
ramis teretis gracilis, foliis sessilibus oblongis

38
-
obtusis, floribus axillaris terminalibusque, sepalis
calicinis binis minutissimis, stigmatibus binis sub-
sessilibus Raf.- Ascyrum Rob. p. 472. Pretty
shrub, three feet high, bark yellowish, scaling off,
flowers large, four yellow petals, capsuls oblong
with many minute seeds inserted on the central
receptacle.
282. Hypericum rostratum Raf. Caule frutescens an-
cipite, foliis sessilibus ovalis, utrinque acutis,
margine revolutis, punctatis, corymbis axillaris
terminalibusque, calyx bibracteatus, ovarium
rostratum pentastylum Raf.—Hypericum galio-
ides afline Rob. p. 473. Small shrub one or two
feet high, branches straight and slender round with
two opposite angles, bark reddish; flowers large
and yellow, stamina very numerous, capsul five
angular. This species belongs to the sub-genus
Centeria, which contains ail the species with five
styles, and ought perhaps to be made a peculiar
genus.
283. Hypericum fulgidum Raf. Caule frutescens te-
tragono, ramis gracilis, foliis sessilibus linearibus
patulis ; floribus subsessilibus axillaribus termi-
nalibusque Raf.-Millepertuis doré Rob.
P.
473.
A small shrub, less than two feet high, branches
few, slender and quadrangular, flowers of the
brightest yellow. Robin does not say if this spe-
cies has five or three styles.
-

89
Order X.-AURANTIA.
284. Citrus aurantium L. var. acida-spinosa Rob. p.
474. Common in hedges, the fruit left on the
tree in winter, becomes juiceless and soft; but gets
again its size and juice in the spring !
285. Citrus chinensis Persoon–Orange myrthe Rob.
p. 474. A small tree cultivated in Louisiana, the
branches are bent by the great number of small
fruits.
Order XII.–Vites.
-.
-
286. Vitis integrifolia Raf. Foliis subrotundis inte-
gerrimis. Raf.-Rob.
P.
476.
287. Vitis rotundifolia. Mich.
288. cordifolia. Mich.
289. estivalis. Mich.
290. Ampelopsis bipinnata. Mich. Vitis arborea L,
Rob. p. 476. Cissus stans Pursh. Very common.
.
ORDER XIII.-GERANIA.
291. Geranium Ludovicianum Raf. Caule tortuoso,
geniculato villoso, foliis orbiculatis quinquelobis,
floribus umbellatis Raf.-Geranium Rob. p. 477.
p
Stem redish, flowers white, a little rose coloured,
anthers yellow, beak over an inch long.
292. Oxalis sanguinolaria Raf. Caule cespitoso erec-
to, foliis ternatis, foliolis obcordatis pubescens,
a
*

90
umbellis 3-4 floris involucratis, petalis apice re-
flexis intus maculatis Raf.-Surelle 1. Rob. p.
477. Rising from three to ten inches, leaves pe-
tiolate, flowers with yellow petals having bloody
spots inside, connected at the base, sepals of the
calyx oblong, filaments flat, capsul oblong. Used
as sorrel : blossoms nearly all the year.
293. Oxalis violacea L. ? Rob. p. 477. Found in
blossom in March in the meadows of the river
Momentao, the leaves are thick, and violet colour-
ed also.
ORDER XIV.-MALVACEA.
–
294. Malva caroliniana L. Rob. p. 478. Stem creep-
ing, leaves heart-shaped, lobed, incised, hairy;
corolla brick red. This species is very mucilagi-
nous, and is employed instead of common mallow.
295. Hibiscus grandiflorus Mich.-Guimauve des
Marais Rob. p. 479. Stem three or four feet
high, leaves on long petioles, heart-shaped, une-
qually toothed, velveted, flowers solitary, termi-
nal, over half a foot in diameter, exterior calyx
with 10 linear sepals, petals white, red at the
base, stamina white, capsuls tomentose rough,
seeds round. Grows in swamps.
296. Hibiscus hastatus Mich H. militaris Wild.
Pursh.-Guimauve 2. Rob. p. 479. Found in
dry grounds.
297. Sida cardanisea Raf. Ramis pubescens rigidis
gracilis, foliis remotis lineari-lanceolatis serratis,

91
floribus terminalibus subsessilibus glomeratis, pe-
talis patulis oblique obcordatis. Raf.—Sida 1.
Rob. p. 480. Stem about three feet, branches
alternate, round, slender, distant, leaves alternate
two inches long, three or four flowers together,
large, yellow, nearly two inches diameter, petals
unequally obcordated, assuming the appearance
of an irregular cross.
298. Sida bicallosa Raf. Caule frutescens ramosissi-
mo, foliis oblongis dentatis, axillis bicallosis, flo-
ribus solitaris axillaris terminalibusque, longe
pedunculatis Raf.—Sida 2. Rob. p. 480. The
flowers are yellow and small, the two acute emi-
nences assimilate this species with S. spinosa,
although it resembles more S. rhombifolia.
299. Sida spinosa L. Rob. p. 480. Rises three of
four feet.
ORDER XV.-MAGNOLIA.
P. 265.
300. Magnolia grandiflora L. Rob. p. 481 and
301. Magnolia fragrans Raf. Arborea, foliis peren-
nantibus petiolatis oblongis utrinque acutis, subtus
pallidis, ramis unifloris Raf.—M. glauca Rob. p.
481. A small tree 20 to 30 feet high, bark grey,
branches many, green, buds silky, flowers white,
sweet scented, over four inches in diameter :
grows on the margins of water. This is the M.
glauca var. longifolia of Pursh.

92
ORDER XVI. -ANNONÆ.
302. Porcelia triloba Pers. Pursh. Annona triloba
L.-Assiminier Rob. p. 482. It rises about 20
feet, grows always in shady woods, branches
brown and smooth, leaves odoriferous, flowers
brown red lateral pedunculated. The fruit is ex-
cellent odoriferous; it never hurts and is a se-
dative.
ORDER XVIII.-BERBERIDES
303. Rhexia ludoviciana Raf. Hispida, caule ramoso
striato, ramis incurvis, foliis sessilibus oblongis
acutis integris rigidis trinervis, nervis ciliatis ; flo-
ribus terminalibus pedunculatis nutantibus. Raf.
-Anonyme Rob. p. 483. Perhaps a variety of
R. mariana? It does not belong to this order.
Scarcely a foot high, forming a small bush,
branches nearly horizontal, but uprighted at the
top, and bearing each four or five flowers, petals
rose, filaments long flat, anthers yellow.
ORDER XIX.-TILIACEA.
304. Tilia stenopetola Raf. Foliis base obliquis den-
ticulatis glabris, petalis oblongis acutis integris.
Raf.-Tilleul de la Louisiane Rob. p. 484
Large tree over 60 feet high, and two feet dia-
meter, bark thin and rough, wood soft and light,

93
peduncles long and slender on a bractea, flowers
small, very fragrant.
ORDER XX.-CISTI.
305. Viola pedata L.---Rob. p.
485.
306. lanceolata L.--Rob.
P.
485.
307. sagittata L.--Rob.
P.
485.
-
ORDER XXII.-CARYOPHYLLE.
308. Alsine media L.–Alsine Rob. p. 486. Blos-
soms in February.
309. Spergula pumila Raf. Glabra, caule diffuso ge-
niculato, foliis oppositis sessilibus filiformis acutis,
floribus pedunculatis, petalis obovatis concavis.
Raf.-Spergula Rob. p. 486. A very small plant
scarcely one inch bigh, flowers white, blossom-
ing in February, 10 stamina, 5 styles, capsul glo-
bular.
310. Saponaria villosa Raf. Caule stricto gracile te-
reti villoso, foliis lanceolatis, calycibus cylindricis,
petalis dentatis Raf.—Saponaria Rob.
P.
486.
Stem a foot high, flowers white.
-

91
CLASS XIV.-D. POLYPETALES PERIGYNES. .
ORDER IV.-PORTULACEA.
311. Portulaca oleracea L. Rob. p. 486. A variety
with red, slender stems, and leaves, grows in
the streets of New Orleans, the common sort
grows in gardens and fields.
XXI. N. G. HYDROPYXIS. Calyx persistens 5 parti-
tus, extus bibracteatus, laciniis binis interioribus
minoribus. Corolla peripetala crateriformis, lim-
bus inequaliter 5 lobus. Stamina 4. didynamis
epicorollis, antheris hastatis. Ovarium superum
stylo simplex, stigma capitatum trilobum. Cap-
sula unilocularis polysperma triangularis circum-
scissa, receptaculum centrale liberum.-Obs.
This genus does not at all belong to this order
nor class; but it has some slight affinity with Mi-
cranthemum, Gratiola, Pinguicula, &c. in the or-
der Chasmanthia. The name means water pyxi-
dium, which last name has been given to the
circumscissed capsuls. Raf.
312. Hydropyxis palustris Raf. Caulibus repentibus
prostratis, foliis ....... floribus axillaribus solitaris
pedunculatis Raf.-Pourpier des marais Rob. p.
488. Common in the swamps and ditches near
New Orleans; Robin does not describe the leaves,
but they are probably similar to those of Portu-
laca, corolla white shaded with violet, stigma
large and green.

95
ORDER VI.--OENOTHERA.
313. Oenothera alata Raf. Ramis alatis, foliis sessi-
libus ovali-lanceolatis integris glabris, floribus ses-
silibus, petalis unguiculatis, stigma globosum, cap-
sulis tetrapteris Raf.-Oenothera 1. Rob.
p.
489.
Stem four feet high, branched, fleshy, leaves thin,
of a fine green, large, flowers yellow, calyx four
partite, stigma globular entire. The flowers only
last from noon to 4 o'clock.
XXII. N. G. PLEURANDRA. Calyx adherens tubulosus
apice bifidus, laciniis reflexis caducis. Corolla
petalis 4 spathulatis unilateralis erectis. Stami-
nib. 8 pistilloque declinatis horisontalis petalis
oppositis, stigma 4 lobum. Capsula 4 loculare
polysperma. -Obs. This genus appears to differ
from the Chamerium (which contains all the spe-
cies of Epilobium with irregular flowers) by the
bifid calyx, lobed stigma, and probably by the
naked seeds. The name means lateral stamina.
Raf.
314. Pleurandra alba Raf. Suffruticosa, ramis tere-
tibus virgatis fragilis, foliis sessilibus angustis
integris acutis ; floribus axillaribus terminalibus.
que, brevi pedunculatis, genitalibus elongatis,
capsulis ovalis canaliculatis. Raf.-Enothera 2.
Rob. p. 490.
490. Stem 7 feet high, bark rusty, tube
of the calyx very long, petals white; the flowers
have a fragrant smell in the morning.
XXIII. N.G. Onosuris. Calyx adherens tubulosus

96
apice bifidus, laciniis reflexis caducis. Corolla
4 petala plana. Staminibus 8 erectis, flamentis
crassis, antheris longis, stylo unico, stigmata 4.
Capsula 4 locularis polysperma.--Obs. This dif-
fers from the foregoing by the regular petals,
stamina, &c 4 stigmas, and from Enothera by
this last character, and the bifid calyx. The
name was an ancient one for some species of Oeno-
thera or Epilobium, and means Ass's tail. Raf.
315. Onosuris acuminata Raf. Caule hirsuto, foliis
confertis sessilibus lanceolatis acuminatis subden-
tatis, dentibus remotis obtusis, floribus axillaribus,
calicibus angulatis petalis obcordatis. Raf.--Oeno-
thera 3. Rob. p. 490. Stem thick seven feet
high, flowers yellow.
316. Oenothera viscosa Raf. Caule ramoso decumbens
tereti villoso viscoso, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis
nervosis dentato-sinuatis; floribus axillaribus, ses-
silibus petalis obcordatis, stigma 4-lobuin, cap-
sulis cylindricis canaliculatis. Raf.—Onagre vis-
queuse Rob. p. 491. Stem three or four feet
long, flowers pale yellow, opening in the evening,
and folding in the morning, blossoming in March
and April, calyx with a long tube and four divi-
sions.
317. Jussieva grandiflora Mich.—Onagre des marais
Rob. p. 419. Stem round, thick, nearly procum-
bent, roots creeping, leaves petiolate ovate;
flowers axillary on long peduncles, five yellow
petals cuneiform, two bracteas under the ovary,
capsul round and curved. Blossoms in May.

97
ORDER VII.-MYRTI.
.
318. Decumaria sarmentosa Wild.—Rob. p. 492.
319. Philadelphus inodorus L.-Rob. p. 492.
ORDER IX.-SALICARIA.
-
320. Frangula fragilis Raf. Foliis alternis petiolatis
oblongis cuneatis acutis integris, floribus fascicu-
latis pedunculatis Raf.–Salicaire Rob. p. 493.
Shrub reaching 15 feet, stem and branches slen-
der and brittle, bark brown, leaves terminal with
regular nerves. Flowers 12 to 15 in each bundle,
peduncles short and stiff: calyx urceolated with
five white stiff teeth, five petals short, but longer
than the calyx, five stamina of the length of the
petals, opposed and laying on them. One ovary,
one style, one furrowed stigma. Blossoms in
April. Of course it does not belong to this order,
but to the Rhamnoides; the genus Frangula con-
tains all the species of Rhamnus with only one
style and stigma.
ORDER X.-ROSACEA.
321. Crategus coccineus L ?--Aubepine Rob. p. 494.
The leaves are used as a tea against indigestion.
322. Agrimonia parviflora L ?-Aubepine Rob. p. 494.
.
323. Potentilla strigosa Pallas.-P. Pensylvanica, var.
strigosa, Pursh. P. Pensylvanica Rob. p. 494.
.
324. Fragaria ......... Rob. p. 494. A species com-
I

98
-
mon in the meadows of Washita, has leaves simi-
lar to the Chili strawberry, but the fruit small
and unpleasant.
325. Geum agrimonioides Pursh ?-Rob. p. 494, dif-
fering from G. virginianum by longer petals.
326. Rubus nitidus Raf. ?—Ronce 1. Rob. p. 495. I I
have found this species in the Atlantic states, it
resembles much the R. flagellaris Wild. Robin
only says that it has round stems, with number-
less unequal prickles, the leaves quinate and ter-
nate, smooth, shining above, deeply toothed, fruit
oblong.
327. Rubus angulatus Raf. ? Caule angulato, foliis
quinato ternatisque, foliolis latis ovatis dentatis
glabris Raf.-Ronce 2. Rob.
p.
495. A doubt-
ful species, leaves larger and broader than in the
foregoing.
328. Prunus virginianus L. Rob. p. 495 and 318.
Fine upright tree, rising over 60 feet.
329. Prunus stenophyllus Raf. Fruticosus, erectus,
foliis lanceolatis, pedunculis geminis ternatisque,
drupis globosis nigris dulcis. Raf.–Cerasus cana-
densis Rob. p. 495. A shrub eight or ten feet
high, leaves narrow, flowers white, berries sweet
and black. Grows near Washita.
330. Prunus .......... Rob. p. 495. He says there are
several species of plumb trees in the woods of
Louisiana, some of which are large trees with a
thick foliage, the fruits are of several colours,
some are good to eat, but some are intolerably
astringent. As he does not describe them, it is

99
impossible to ascertain the species, but they are
probably new.
Order XI.-LEGUMINOSA.
331. Mimosa eburnea L.? Rob. p. 496. Common in
the southern parts of Louisiana and Florida ; it
grows in fields and sands, forming a large bush, it
blossoms all the year round, and is at the same
time covered with flowers and fruits. The bran-
ches are slender, brown, and covered with gemi-
nated straight thorns, one or two inches long, di-
verging and of a shining white; the flowers are
yellow, in a globular head, of the size of a filbert,
the calyx and corolla are irregular, there are
many stamina and one style, the pods are round,
clammy, longer than a finger, with transverse par-
titions and oblong seeds The M. eburnea being
a native of the East-Indies, this is probably a dif-
ferent species, to which the name of M. chiona-
cantha might be given ; but Robin omitting to de-
scribe the leaves, the following imperfect defi-
nition could only be framed, which I have to re-
gret, is not sufficiently comparative. M. chio-
nacantha Raf. Fruticosa cespitosa aculeata,
aculeis geminatis stipularis divergentibus patulis
strictis niveis lucidis, (foliis bipinnatis, foliolis 6
jugis,) capitulis globosis, floribus irregularis po-
lyandris, lomentis strictis teretis glutinosis. Raf.
332. Gleditschia heterophylla Raf. Ramis patulis strictis,
aculeis ramosis basi fasciculatis, foliis pinnatis bi-

100
-
pinnatisque, floribus spicatis, lomentis longissimis
compressis. Raf.-Fevier Rob. p. 497. Large
tree 70 feet high, bark smooth and blackish, stem
straight and round, branches beginning very low,
the longest 20 feet long, quite straight; the thorns
are six to eight inches long, surrounded with
shorter ones at the base. In winter this tree has
an unpleasant aspect with its long naked and
thorny branches, the buds come out from the
bark in March, the first leaves are only pinnated
with about 17 pairs of folioles, those coming out
in April, are bipinnate : the flowers open in
April, they are male and hermaphrodite on
some individuals, female only on some others :
the spikes are catkin-like, three or four inches
long, M. Fl. calyx four parted hairy at the bottom,
four petals seven stamens double in length. Herm.
Fl. five parted, six petals opening like a cup, six
stamina equal to the petals, pistil longer than the
corolla and hairy, stigma peltated. Pods 12 to
15 inches long, one broad, pulp sweet, next acrid.
The cattle like the pods, and a good beverage is
made with the pulp.
333. Gleditschia triacanthos, var. inermis, Pursh. Per-
haps a variety of the foregoing, not described by
Robin, p. 498.
334. Cassia ciliata Raf. Caule ramoso, foliis 6 jugis,
petiolis uniglandulosis, foliolis oblongis acutis gla-
bris ciliatis, pedunculis axillaribus trifloris R2f.
-Anonyme Rob. p. 499. Stem five or six feet
high, smooth, folioles about three inches long, pe-

101
tiols geniculated at their insertion, and with a red
elliptic gland, flowers yellow, the upper division
of the calyx broader, shorter, and concave ; five
petals nearly equal, the upper a little larger, ten
unequal stamina, two longer and curved along
with the ovary, pods long with many seeds, which
the countrymen use instead of coffee. This plant
has only become common of late.
335. Cercis canadensis L. Rob. p. 499. It rises 20
to 25 feet; the flowers are small and rose co-
loured.
XXIV. N. G. Diplonyx Raf. Calyx urceolatus bila-
biatus, labium sup. fissum, labium inf. tridentatum.
Corolla papilionacea, vexillum reflexum, ungui-
culus glandulosus, alæ biunguiculatæ emarginata
calcarata, carina biunguiculata. Stamina 10 (di-
adelpha ?) Leguminibus teretibus polyspermis.-
Obs. This new genus, whose name means double
nails, is strikingly different from all papilionaceous
plants; it has merely some slight analogies of
characters and habit with Apios and Indigofera,
but none with Cytisus. Raf.
336. Diplonix elegans Raf. Fruticosum volubile, foliis
impari pinnatis, foliolis oppositis hastatis, margine
revolutis, subtus tomentosis, racemis teretibus,
elongatis, calycibus villosis, leguminibus arcua-
tis. Raf.–Cytise vulg. liane blanche Rob. P. 500.
An elegant vine, rising 30 to 40 feet over trees,
and with numerous suspended branches ; found
in the islands between the Mississippi and Ataka-
The leaves have 13 folioles, the flowers
-
pas.
1*

102
-
are of a light violet, and form beautiful long,
large, and thick bunches, the vexillum is white
in the middle, the seeds are oval. It blossoms
at the end of April.
337. Lupinus perennis L. Rob. p.
500.
338. Psoralea melilotoides Michx.-Psoralea Rob. p.
500. Rising 15 to 18 inches, stem striated,
leaves rather rough, flowers purplish, spikes an
inch long, on very long and stiff peduncles ; calyx
turbinated, with five acuminated and ciliated
teeth, vexillum reflexed, keel divided into two
petals, pod compressed, round, wrinkled, one
seeded. It blossoms in March and April.
339. Trifolium ludovicianum Raf. Caulibus ramosis
prostratis striatis pubescentibus, foliolis obcorda-
tis denticulatis, capitulis globosis longe peduncu-
latis, leguminibus pedunculatis ovatis inflatis te-
traspermis. Raf.-Trefle 1. Rob. p. 501. A
small species, very common in meadows, flowers
of a dirty white.
340. Trifolium repens L. Rob. p. 501. Very use-
ful; introduced from the northern states ; it in-
creases with rapidity, and destroys the weeds ; it
keeps green in the greatest heats, and even in
winter.
341. Trifolium pensylvanicum Wild.-Trefle 3. Rob.
p. 501. Rare, in the meadows.
342. Melilotus robini Raf. Caule tereti levi, foliolis
oblongis emarginatis denticulatis, spicis axillari-
bus, vexillum erectum, leguminibus inflatis levis
2-3 spermis. Raf.-Melilot des Indes Rob. p.

103
a
502. Stem two or three feet high, many spikes
of yellow flowers ; it blossoms in April.
343. Dolichos lacteus Raf. Caule erecto tereti glabro,
apice ramoso, ramis horizontalis ; foliolis oblongis,
mollibus : racemis elongatis, leguminibus calicu-
latis oblongis turgidis. Raf.-Josephine, Rob. p.
502, and 267. Fine perennial plant, sending
every year a shoot similar to that of asparagus
and glaucous ; the folioles are ternated and sti-
pulated, the flower of a milk white, seeds yellow
and small; grows in meadows. It is said that it
possesses the property of mitigating acute pain,
and purifying the blood ; the seeds may be
eaten.
344. Dolichos tomentosus Raf. Caule gracile volubile,
foliolis cordatis subtus cano-tomentosis, floribus
brevi pedunculatis, calycibus bracteatis coloratis
villosis. Raf.-Dolic tomenteux Rob. p. 502.
Flowers white, bracteas scaly, calyx white, urce-
olated, four toothed, the lower tooth the longest.
XXV. N. G. XYPHANTHUS. Raf. Calyx 5 dentatus co-
loratus crassus ; Corolla papilionacea, vexillum
acinaciforme plicatum, alæ carinaque amplectens ;
Stamina 10 monadelpha ? Legumen elongatum
torulosum.-Obs. This genus differs from Ery-
thrina by the shape of the calyx, which is not
bilobated ; the E. herbacea belongs perhaps to it.
The name means Sword-flower.
345. Xyphanthus hederifolius Raf. Radice tuberosa,
caule herbaceo spinoso tereti fistuloso levi san-
guineo ; foliolis subtrilobis acuminatis : racemo
-

104
-
spicato terminali elongato, floribus brevi pedun-
culatis, verticillatis fasciculatis, fasciculis trifloris.
Raf.-Erythrina Rob. p. 503. A remarkable
plant, having much affinity with Erythrina herba-
cea; the stem is thick, four feet high, the thorns
axillary, the folioles similar to the leaves of the
ivy; the calyx, corolla and fruit are scarlet, the
spike is very long, the corolla is an inch long, si-
milar to a sabre, of which the calyx appears to
be the handle; the vexillum alone is visible.
XXVI. N. G. BRADBURYA. Calyx campanulatus ine-
qualiter 5 fidus, Corolla papilionacea resupinata,
Vexillum magnum subrotundum emarginatum
planum unguiculatum basi callosus, Alæ angustæ
intus reflexæ carina conniventes, Carina brevis
erecta emarginata.
Staminibus 10 diadelphis
apice uncinatis : Stylo stigmatoque planis depres-
sis. Leguminibus angusto linearibus polysper-
mis. Foliis ternatis, pedunculis axillaris gemina-
tis vel bifloris, vexillis maculatis.-Obs. I dedicate
this new genus to Mr. Bradbury, who in his tra-
vels up the Missouri discovered so many new
plants. It is perfectly distinct from Glycine, to
which Robin unites it. Raf.
346. Bradburya scandens Raf. Scandens, foliolis ob-
longis ; floribus geminatis ternisque, calycibus
bibracteatis, alæ carinaque hirsutis. Raf.—Gly.
cine 1. Rob. p. 503. Stem rising 12 feet upon
trees, blossoming in August and September, with
fine large flowers, vexillom white outside, viola-
ceous inside, with a white spot in the centre.
-

105
-
P. 504.
Two divisions of the calyx under the keel longer
and sickle shaped, pods three or four inches
long, only two lines broad, flowers one inch and
a half in diameter.
347. Bradburya erecta Raf. Caule erecto fruticuloso, fo-
liolis petiolatis ovatis, pedunculis bifloris, floribus
glabris ebracteatis. Raf - Glycine 2. Rob.
Stem less than two feet high, smooth and slender,
flowers of a pale violet, the vexillum striped of a
deep violet and with an oblong white spot; the
two upper divisions of the calyx smaller, one
inferior, longer and narrower. Blossoms in
May.
348. Amorpha ? lutea Raf. Caule herbaceo ramoso,
ramis teretis levis, foliis pari-pionatis stipulatis,
foliolis oblongis mucronatis, spicis pedunculatis
paucifloris bracteatis. Raf.—Amorpha 1. Rob. p.
504. Stem four or five feet high, flowers yel-
low, four or five on slender peduncles ; vulgar
name, Indigo sauvage; used as an astringent to-
pic. Perhaps not an Amorpha ; Robin does not
to describe the flowers, but says that the corollas
have the aspect of a Rosaceous ! Unsimilar to
any North American leguminous by its abrupt
leaves and yellow flowers, except the following
genus and Sesbania.
349. Amorpha tomentosa ? Raf.---Amorpha 2. Rob. p.
505. A doubtful species, of which Robin only
mentions its being tomentose: probably similar to
the foregoing in other characters.
-
12

106
XXVII. N. G. DARWINIA. Calyx 5 dentatus, corolla
papilionacea, carina unicalcarata, calcar subula-
tum, staminib. 10 diadelphis, leguminibus longis-
simis linearis angustis planis polyspermis, semi-
nibus oblongis.—Obs. This genus differs from
Indigofera by not having a double spur, nor a
round pod. I dedicate it to the celebrated Dar-
win, who ought to have already received such an
honour from his countrymen ; but should any
genus have lately and previously been named
after him, unknown to me, then I
propose to
substitute thereto the name of Monoplectra.
350. Darwinia exaltata Raf. Caule exaltato stricto
tereti pulverulento, apice ramoso, foliolis pari-
pinnatis, foliolis numerosissimis petiolatis subtus
glaucis, pedunculis bifloris. Raf.—Indigotier de
la Louisiane Rob. p. 505. Beautiful plant, from
eight to ten feet high, stem smooth, without
branches, except at the summit; leaves very
long, having upwards of 50 pair of folioles, green,
smooth and soft above, on round petiols, articu-
lated at their insertion. Flowers of a dirty yel-
low outside, and of a gold yellow inside, pods
eight inches long, two lines broad, seeds brown
and small. A variety has the vexillum variega-
ted outside (mordoré.)
351. Robinia pseudacacia L. Rob. p. 505.
352. Crotalaria ovalis Pursh.-Bagnodier herbacé,
Rob. p. 505. Leaves oval, thick, nearly sessile,
calyx with five unequal teeth, and two appen-
dages or auricles.
-
-

107
353. Hedysarum ....... several species not described.
ORDER XII.-TEREBINTHACEA.
-
XXVIII. N. G. PhilosteMON. Calyx urceolatus 5
dentatus, corolla 5 petala, petalis perigynis linea-
ribus reflexis. Stamina 5, filamentis conniventi-
bus perigynis, antheris oblongis. Ovarium libe-
rum, stylo stigmatoque simplex. (Fructus Drupa
monosperma ?)–Obs. This genus differs from
Rhus by the connection of the stamina, and the
simple stigma, Robin does not describe the fruit :
the name means Friend to Stems. Raf.
354. Philostemon radicans Raf. Caule scandens radi-
cans, foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis villosis, binis
sessilibus, media petiolata ; floribus pedunculatis
Raf.—Terebinthacée liane Rob. p. 506. This
plant is so much like the Rhus radicans of Lin.
that I had at first an idea of their identity ; but
besides the generic characters, the Rhus radicans
differs by being poisonous and having dioical
flowers in compound racemes. This vine rises
20 to 30 feet, is very woody, the wood has white
and close fibres, the bark is marbled of grey
and
brown, the leaves are pale underneath, the flowers
are green and blossom in March.
355. Rhus typhinum L.
Rising to 30 feet.
356. copallinum L.
XXIX. N. G. PSEUDOPETALON. Dioicum. Fl. Masc.
Calyx minutus 5 partitus, Parapetalis 5, longiore,
sepalis calycinis oppositis, intus inflexis, stamina 5,
.

109
sepalis calycinis alterna, filamertis basi incrassatis,
antheris didymis. Ovarium rudimenta abortivum
Fl. Fem. ut masculis, parapetalis angustior, stami-
na 0. Ovarium difforme sepe didymus, stylis
sepe 2, interdum unicum, brevis, stigmata capi-
tata. (Fructus capsul. 2—1. monosp ?)—Obs.
Very near to Zanthoxylum, differing by the re-
markable parapetals, situation of stamina and few
pistils. The name means false petals. Belong-
ing probably to the family of Rhamnoides Raf.
357. Pseudopetalon glandulosum Raf. Arboreum, foliis
alternis impari pinnatis, petiolis inermis, foliolis
11–13 oppositis dentatis, dentibus glandulosis ;
floribus terminalibus cymosis. Raf.--Zanthoxy-
lum Rob. p. 507. It has some analogy with Z.
fraxineum, but is yet very different: It is a tree
from 30 to 40 feet high, with a large round head,
the stem is straight, the branches are nearly ver-
ticillated, the thorns are short and straight, fixed
on a thick pyramidal knob, the bark is wbitish.
The flowers are small and green. This tree has
a strong smell in all its parts, and a burning taste,
even in the bark and wood; it is employed for
the aromatic baths, but delicate persons are apt
to feel indisposed by its use. The roots have
been employed successfully as a vermifuge for
horses.
358. Ptelea? tomentosa Raf. Arborescens, ramulis
tomentosis, foliis ternatis, foliolis lanceolatis inte-
gris subtus cano-tomentosis, media majore ; flo-
ribus terminalibus paniculatis, stigma unicum!

109
-
Raf.-Ptelea Rob. p. 509. A large shrub 20 feet
high, branches long with few leaves, bark grey-
ish white, leaves on long petiols : flowers green-
ish, petals linear patent, longer than the calyx, a
short style and only one stigma! Samare white.
The leaves have a strong and disagreeable smell,
from which it is called vulgarly Bois puant (Stink-
ing wood ;) but the flowers have a most fragrant
smell. Perhaps a new genus ?
359. Juglans nigra L. Rob. p 509. Rising to 80 feet,
diameter three to four feet, blossoms in April.
360. Hicorius amara Raf. ? Juglans amara Mich.-
Juglans alba ovata Rob. p. 510. Robin describes
with accuracy the fructification of this tree; but
scarcely notices the leaves. It rises to 100 feet,
the bark is grey, the leaves have nine to eleven
small folioles, male flowers trifid tetrandrous, fe-
male with a longer division in the calyx, blossoms
in April. My genus Hicorius, long ago proposed,
contains all the species of Juglans which have tri-
fid male flowers (instead of six cleft) generally
tetrandrous, and fruits with angular and quadrifid
shells.
361. Hicorius integrifolia Raf. Foliolis 9–11 lan-
ceolatis acuminatis integris glabriusculis, ramulis
petiolisque tomentosis ; floribus 6—8 andris, 'la-
cinia media lepigonalis elongata acuminata, sepa-
lo femineo-elongato acuminato, nucibus 4-gonis
Raf.—Noyer pacanier amer Rob. p. 511. It is
very different from the real Pacanier or Hicorius
oliveformis. It is a very tall tree, with a brown
K

110
bark, wood white heavy close, and employed by
wheelwrights and joiners; it blossoms in April.
362. Celastrus bullatus L.-C. scandens Rob. p. 512.
.
.
This vine is the real C. bullatus which Pursh
thinks a doubtful species, therefore it will be well
to translate Robin's whole description, which will
fix the species. A large woody vine, stems two
or three inches in diameter, wood compact tough
and elastic, bark smooth black, on young branches
yellowish green shining, branches horizontal,
leaves alternate petiolated oval acute scarcely
toothed, smooth, nerved, shining above : flowers
small greenish in terminal panicles, calyx with
five open lobes, five petals (opposed to the calyx,
says Robin !) with inflexed margin, each holding
a stamina with straight oblong filaments and very
small anthers; ovary small dipt in a large glan-
dular flat disk, style very short; berry red, next
becoming black, fleshy with many seeds!
363. Cassine ramulosa Raf. Fruticosa ramulosa sem-
pervirens, foliis alternis lanceolatis crassis lu-
cidis sub-serratis ; floribus axillaribus fasciculatis
Raf.-Cassine Rob. p. 513. This shrub is a real
Cassine ; that genus had been blotted out of the
North-American flora, but must now be restored
thereto. It rises about 12 feet, it bears branches
from the base to the top: the flowers are white,
the calyx is small, five-parted, persistent, five pe-
tals longer than the calyx, five stamina subulated,
with simple anthers, three sessile and reflexed
stigmas; berry red, three locular, with three om-
-
a

111
-
bilics and three ovoid seeds. It grows on the
sea shore near Pensacola, and at Opelousas. The
Indians use it as the Ilex vomitoria.
364. Ilex opaca Aiton.-Ilex Rob. p. 514. Fine tree
-
.
50 feet high, stem straight, bark smooth, whitish,
foliage pyramidal and thick, flowers dioical, co-
rolla white, rotate, four stamina opposed to its
divisions ! filaments subulated, anthers oblong:
in the female flowers corolla deeply four parted,
four sterile stamina, one sessile stigma ; berry
red round four seeded. The species of Ilex with
only one stigma, ought to form at least a sub-
genus, and the genera Pultoria and Maurocenia”
ought to be re-established.
CLASS XV.-DICOTYLES APETALES
IDIOGYNES.
ORDER 1.- EUPHORBIÆ.
Rob. P.
365. Euphorbia corollata L. Tithymale Rob.
515. It is the Ipecacuana of Louisiana, the In-
dians who use it as such call it Pe-eca.
366. Euphorbia ludoviciana Raf. Glabra, caule di-
chotomo diffuso prostrato, ramis divaricatis, foliis
sessilibus carnosis denticulatis , floribus solitaris,
perianthus oblongus turbinatus quadrifidus, lacinis
integris intus coloratis, capsulis longe pedicellatis,
nutantibus. Raf.--Euphorbe couchée ou tithy-

112
male dichotome Rob. p. 515. Stems four feet
long, similar to those of Portulaca, flowers small
white, blossoming in July and August.
367. Euphorbia helioscopia. L.
368. Acalypha fruticulosa Raf. Fruticulosa, ramis di-
varicatis rufo-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis
dentatis, flore femineo unico in pediculum spica
mascula, involucris involutis inequaliter dentatis
Raf.-Acalyphe monoique Rob. p. 516. Small
shrub less than two feet high, with many slender
branches, flowers solitary axillar, a single female
flower setting on the male pedicel.
369. Acalypha digyneia Raf. Caule herbaceo ramoso
tomentoso, foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis den-
tatis villosis, floribus femineis binis in pediculum
spica mascula, involucris planis ciliatis. Raf.
Acalyphe 2. Rob. p. 516. .
Stem two feet high,
flowers solitary axillar, anthers forming a long
spike, involucels bent at the edge with thick up-
right hairs, two opposite female flowers on the
male pedicel.
ORDER II.-CUCURBITACEA.
270. Cucumis melo L.
371. Cucurbita pepo L.
372.
potiro Pers.
373.
melopepo L.
374. — citrullus L.
375.
lagenaria L.
Cultivated in Gardens.

113
376. Passiflora lutea ? Grenadille Rob. p. 518. Peren- .
nial, not described, grows on bushes.
377. Sicyos acuta Raf. ? Scandens, foliis lobatis, fruc-
tibus glomeratis ovatis acutis setosis, setis echina-
tis intertextis. Raf.-Cucurbitacée Rob. p. 518.
A doubtful species, perhaps only a variety of S.
angulata. Its herbaceous stem rises 30 to 40
feet upon trees! the fruits are of the size of fil-
.
berts, united eight or ten together, they contain
one white seed.
ORDER III._URTICA.
378. Morus rubra L. Rob. p. 518.
379. Morus tomentosa Raf. Foliis lato cordatis acumi-
natis dentatis, supra lucidis scabris, subtus tomen-
tosis; floribus monoicis, amentis plerumque an-
drogynis, apice femineis. Raf.--Murier à fruit
blanc. Rob. p. 518. Perhaps only a variety of
the foregoing, but with white fruit; a large tree,
upright and handsome, bark whitish and smooth ;
it blossoms in March ; the male catkins are cy-
lindrical and loose, the female catkins are shorter
and thicker, but they are generally united.
380. Urtica rubra Raf. Caule stimuloso, foliis ovatis
subtus atro purpureis, floribus monoicis verticil-
Jatis glomeratis, femineis basillaris, masculis api-
cularis. Raf.-Ortie rouge Rob. p. 519. Two
feet high, vulgar name red-nettle,
K*

114
.381. Urtica alba Raf.-Ortie blanche Rob. p. 519.
Not described ; size of the foregoing ; perhaps
it is the U. dioica?
382. Urtica leucotrys Raf. Foliis cordatis, paniculis
axillaribus albis horizontalis planis lanceolatis.
Raf.-Ortie 3. Rob. p. 519. A rare species,
taller and with broader leaves than the foregoing,
scarcely described.
383. Humulus lupulus L. naturalized.
384. Cannabis sativa L. Near New-Orleans.
385. Mylocarium ligustrinum Wild. ?-Anonyme, Rob.
p. 519. Not described ; Robin only says, that it
is a shrub seven or eight feet high, of the family
of Pepper! with leaves faintly scented, and small
white sweet scented flowers.
XXX. N. G. LASCADIUM. Monoicum, Fl. Masc. plu-
rimis umbellatis flore femineo circondans, Calyx
lanatum integrum, corolla 0, staminib. circiter 12,
filamentis brevis, antheris crassis. Fl. Fem. uni-
cum centrale, calyx ut mascul. ovarium trilobum,
stylis 3 partitis. Capsula trisperma ovata levis.-
Obs. This is a remarkable new genus, having
merely some faint analogy with Stillingia ; the
name was an ancient one for some hairy plant
with monoical flowers. It does not belong to
this order, but to the order of Euphorbiæ. Raf.
386. Lascadium lanatum Raf. Totum lanatum, caule
erecto tereti ramoso, foliis alternis petiolatis has-
tato-cordatis ; floribus glomeratis pedunculatis
terminalibug. Raf.--Atakapаce Rob. p. 519.
Found only in Atakapas ; the whole plant has a

115
strong smell, the stem rises about four feet, the
leaves set on long petiols, they are five inches
long and two broad, the fruit is of the size of a
pea and the shape of an egg, greenish marbled
and smooth.
ORDER VI.-AMENTACEA.
a
387. Ulmus alba Raf. Arboreus, ramis pendulis levie
bus albidis, foliis oblongis, basi acutis inequali.
bus, duplicate dentatis, supra lucidis scabriusculis,
subtus villosis. Raf.-Orme 1. Rob.
p.
520. А
common tree about 60 feet high, with long flexible
branches, wood white, used by wheelwrights.
Robin thinks that it is nearly similar to what he
calls Ulmus Americana alba, or the American
rough leaved elm, and I strongly suspect it is the
U. americana, var. pendula, of Aiton and Pursh,
but at y rate it ought to form a distinct species.
388. Ulmus pinguis Raf.-Orme 2. Rob. p. 521. Not
described ; perhaps it is the U. fulva of Michaux,
but I strongly suspect it to be a peculiar species.
Robin
that it is less common than the fore-
going, of a smaller size, and with smaller leaves,
the branches more slender and more pendulous ;
it grows in shady woods. The boiled bark af-
fords a yellow and transparent mucilage, very
thick and abundant, similar to glve, whence its
vulgar name of Orme gras, (Fat Elm ;) this mu-
cilage is used in the manufacture of indigo.
says
-

116
-
389. Salix denudata Raf. Arboreus, ramis sub apice
denudatis, foliis ..... (oblongis ?) amentis mas-
culi elongatis floribus hexandris triglandulosis.
Raf.-Saule 1. Rob. p. 321. Rising to 60 feet,
branches thick, covered with small branches, and
leaves only at the top, where the foliage is thick ;
leaves not described.
390. Salix ludoviciana ? Raf.-Saule 2. Rob. p. 521. .
not described, Robin only says it has narrower
leaves than the foregoing !
391. Populus angulata Wild. ?-Peuplier Liard Rob.
p. 521. One of the largest and handsomest trees
of Louisiana ; pirogues more than 40 feet long and
six wide, are made from a single trunk.
392. Populus trepida Wild. ? Peuplier 2. Rob. p. 522.
A rare and small tree.
393. Myrica cerifera L. Rob. p. 522. Above 15 feet
high.
394. Myrica caroliniensis Wild. ? Both species com-
mon near waters in maritime regions, some inha-
bitants spend some months in collecting the ber-
ries and making the wax.
395. Liquidambar styraciflua L. Rob.
P.
520. Vul-
gar name Copal, the most majestic tree of Louisi-
ana, rising nearly 100 feet, foliage very thick, it
blossoms in February. It produces an aromatic
rosin, which was burnt as incense by the Mexican
priests. The wood is compact, tough, and takes
a fine polish. They employ its buds and the
Tillandsia usneoides growing on it, in the sudori-
fic baths. These stately trees are often cut

117
down and wasted for the mere purpose of getting
that parisitical plant.
396. Quercus virens Mich. Wild.-Grand Chene vert
Rob.
p. 264. Large lumps cover this tree, and
spoil its shape, its branches grow also very irre-
gularly.
397. Quercus phellos L.
398.
laurifolia Michaux.
399.
pigra L.
400.
macrocarpa Michaux. Many other spe-
cies of oaks grow in Louisiana.
401. Platanus occidentalis L. Rob. p. 524.
ORDER V.-CONIFERÆ.
402. Cupressus disticha L.-Cyprés de la Louisiane
Rob. p. 525, and vol. 2. p. 274.
.
403. Pinus toda L.
palustris Lambert. Rob. p. 525, says there
are several species of pines in Louisiana, and he
mentions one with four leaves, which may be
distinct.
404. -
THE END.


INDEX
OF
LOUISIANIAN VULGAR NAMES. .
Arroche,
sp. 88
sp. 46
194
Barbe espagnole,
Baume des sauvages,
Bois bouton,
Bois de flêche,
Bois de marais,
Bois puant,
245
236
358
Caille eau,
sp. 111
Cannes,
28
Chou gras,
82
115
Citronelle,
Copal,
Curages,
.
395
75. 79
Epinard du tropique,
88
Frène gras,
106
Gouet odorant,
20

120
sp. 116
192
Herbe à bouton,
Herbe à chevreuil,
Herbe à la houatte,
Herbe à malo,
Herbe à puce,
Herbe à trois quarts,
158
39
150
223
sp. 36
Igname,
Indigo sauvage.
Ipecacuana,
348
363
29, 30
71
Latanier,
Laurier,
Laurier amande,
Liane blanche,
70
336
sp. 5
Morille,
Mousse d'arbre,
Mozambé,
46
275
sp. 388
Orme gras,
Ortie blanche,
Ortie rouge,
381
380
sp. 29
Palmier nain,
Pe-eca,
Prêle,
365
11
Romarin,
.
8p. 117
Serpentine,
sp. 162
.

INDEX
OF
NEW GENERA AND SUB-GENERA.
Those marked thus * are sub-genera,
Adnaria,
* Agoseris,
Ananthopus,
Antenoron,
* Anthanotis,
Arnoglossum,
g. 10. sp. 174
sp. 180
g. 1. sp. 58, 59
1
g. 4. sp. 73
4
sp. 158
.
g. 13. sp. 199
Bradburya,
g. 26. sp. 346-7
*Centeria,
Chimanthus,
sp. 282.
g. 2. sp. 70
g. 27. sp. 230
Darwinia,
*Dastima,
*Decemium,
* Descuria,
Dileptium,
*Dioctus,
sp. 68.
sp. 97
sp. 268
g. 20. sp. 272–3
sp. 79
L

122
Diototheca,
Diplonix,
Dupratzia,
Dysosmon,
g. 17. sp. 235
g. 24. sp. 336
g. 9. sp. 171
9
g. 7. sp. 148
Enslenia,
Erechtites,
*Esopon,
g. 5. sp. 102
g. 14. sp. 200
sp. 176
Gynema,
g. 12. sp. 194-6
g. 16. sp. 232
Heliophthalmum,
*Hypogon,
Hydropyxis,
sp. 119
g. 21. sp. 312
Karpaton,
g. 18. sp. 250
Lascadium,
*Lentago
g. 30. sp. 386
sp. 246
Mnesiteon,
g. 15. sp. 211-13
Nibora,
g. 6. sp. 105
Onopix,
Onosuris,
*Ornithosperma,
g. 11. sp. 183-4
g. 23. sp. 315
sp. 145
Pagesia,
Philostemon,
g. 8. sp. 149
g. 28. sp. 354

123
Pleurandra,
Pseudopetalon,
g. 22. sp. 314
g. 29. sp. 357
*Serinia,
Stylurus,
sp. 175
g. 3.sp. 73
Triclinium,
g. 19. sp. 252
Xyphanthus
g. 25. sp. 345.
mo*m


INDEX
OF
OLD GENERA.
The lines marked thus * are new species.
sp. 84
*Acalypha,
*Acanthus
Acer,
Adianthum,
Agaricus,
Agave,
Agrimonia,
Aletris,
* Alisma,
* Allium,
Alsine,
* Amaranthus,
* Amorpha,
Ampelopsis,
Amsonia,
Anagallis,
* Anemone,
Antirrhinum
* Aretia,
*Argem one,
*Aristol ochia,
* Arbutus,
* Artem isia,
Arum!
sp. 368–9 *Asclepias, 157-61
104. *Ascyrum,
281
280 Asparagus,
31
8 Asplenium
10
2-3 "Aster,
203-7
47
322 Beta,
48 Bidens,
221-2
39 Bignonia,
151-2
49-51 Boletus,
4
308 Brunnichia,
87
88-91 Bumelia,
164
348-9
290 *Cacalia,
100 Callicarpa,
110
98 *Calystegia,
140
260-1 *Campanula,
130 Canna!
99 Cannabis
266 *Caprifolium,
65 *Cardamine 269-70
172 *Cardiospermum,
214-15 *Cassia !
18-19 *Cassine,
sp. 188
173
57
384
248-9
277
334
363

126
*
Sp. 324
sp. 217–233
Ceanothus,
74 *Elephantopus
234
*Celtis,
68 *Equisetum
*
11
Cercis,
335 *Erigeron,
201-2
Celastrus,
362 *Eryngium,
185
Cephalanthus, 236 *Eupatorium, 189-93
Chara,
13 *Euphorbia,
365-7
Chenopodium, 85-86
Cherophyllum, 254 Fragaria,
*Chrysocoma, 197-8 *Frangula,
320
*Chrysophyllum
165 *Fraxinus,
106-108
*Clematis,
238-9
*Cleome,
275-6 *Galardia,
Citrus,
284-5 Galium,
237-9
*Collinsonia,
119 Gelsemium
163
*Convolvulus, 142–3 *Gerardia,
155
*Cornus,
245–7 *Geranium,
291
*Coreopsis, 925–7 Geura,
325
Crategus,
321 *Gleditchia, 332-3
Crotalaria,
252
Cucumis,
370 *Hedyotis,
Cucurbita, 371-5 Hedysarum,
335
Cupressus,
402 *Helianthus 219.229-31
Cyperus,
22 Heliotropium,
189
Cypripedium 60 Hibiscus,
295-6
*Hicorius,
360-1
Datura,
sp. 134 *Hippuris,
12
255 Hopea,
168
Decumaria,
388 Humulus,
383
Dichondra,
101 *Hydrocotyle,
257
*Diodia,
240 *Hydrolea,
155
36 *Hydrophyllum, 97
Diospyros,
165 *Hypericum, 282-3
Dirca,
67
* Dolichos, 343–4 Ilex,
*Dracocephalum, 125–6 *Ipomea,
*
145-154
Iresine,
90
*Echites,
sp. 144 *Iris,
54-6
*Eclipta,
214
sp. 243-4
*Daucus,
Dioscorea,
sp. 364

127
sp. 169, 170
sp. 52
* Jacobea, sp. 210 * Nasturtium, sp 271-4
Juglans,
359 *Nelumbium, 63-64
*Juncus,
37–8 Nicotiana,
133
Jussieva,
317 Nuphar,
61
*Justicia,
113 Nymphea,
62
Nyssa,
66
Kalmia,
*Krigia,
175 *Oenothera, sp. 313-16
Olea,
109
Lactuca,
sp. 178–9 Osmunda,
9
Lamium,
122 Oxalis,
292-3
Lantana,
111
*Laurus,
69-71 *Pancratium,
Lenticula
16 Papaver,
267
Liatris,
186 *Paspalum,
25-26
Lilium,
41-44 Passiflora,
376
Liquidambar, 395 Paviana,
278-9
Lupinus,
337 *Peucedanum, 256
Lycoperdon, 6-7 Phalaris,
24
Philadelphus, 319
*Magnolia, sp. 300-1 *Phlox, 103. 146-7
Malva,
294 Physalis,
135-6
Mariupium,
124 Phytolaca,
182
*Marshallia,
187 Pinus,
403-4
* Melilotus,
342 *Plantago,
93-6
*Mentha,
121 Platanus,
401
Miegia,
28 *Prenanthes
176
Mikania,
191 *Prunus,
328-30
*Mimosa,
331 Psoralea,
338
*Mimulus,
131 *Ptelea,
358
*Monarda, 114-115 *Podophyllum,
20
*Morchella,
5 *Polygonum, 75-79
378-9 *Polymnia,
220
Mucor,
1 Populus,
390-91
Mylocarium,
385 Porcelia,
302
Myrica,
393-4 Portulaca,
311
Myriophyllum, 14 Potamogeton,
15
*Morus,

128
sp. 150
Potentilla,
323 *Solidago,
208-9
*Pycnanthemum, 116–17 *Sonchus,
181
*Spergula,
309
Quercus, sp. 396–400 *Spermacoce, 240
Spigelia,
162
*Ranunculus sp. 262–3 Spinacia,
85
*Rhexia,
303 *Stachys,
123
Rhus,
353 Styrax,
167
Robinia,
351
*Rubia,
242 Tecoma,
*Rubus,
326–7 *Teucrium,
120
*Rumex,
80–81 *Tilia,
304
Tillandsia,
46
*Sabalum,
sp. 29-80 *Trifolium, 339-41
Sabbattia,
155 Triticum,
27
*Sagittaria,
40 *Troximon, 177.180.182
389-90 Typha,
21
*Salvia,
118
*Saponaria,
310 *Ulmus,
*Sarracenia,
17 *Urtica,
380-2
Scirpus,
22
*Scrophularia,
129 Verbascum,
*Scutellaria,
127–8 Verbena,
112
*Sicyos,
377 Verbesina, 218.223-4
*Sida,
296-8 Viburnum,
246
Silphium,
228 Viola,
305-7
Sison,
253 *Viscum,
251
Sisyrinchium,
43 *Vitis,
286 9
*Sisymbrium, 268
Smilax,
32-35 Yucca,
45
*Solanum,
137-38
*Salix,
sp. 387–8
sp. 132

SUPPLEMENT
TO THE
FLOᎡUL ILUDOPICTᎯᎳᎪ.


SUPPLEMENT
TO
THE FLORA OF LOUISIANA,
BY C. S. RAFINESQUE.
Whoever shall have the opportunity of comparing
my
labour with the fragments of Robin, will soon per-
ceive the wide difference between our works. The
numberless defects of his Flora were of such a nature
as effectually precluded the possibility of ever being
practically employed by the botanist. I have endea-
voured to collect, name, and describe the objects which
he had merely pointed out, and to select among ma-
terials, generally drowned in useless and superfluous
details, those that appeared new, important, or char-
acteristic. My work is, therefore, quite different from
Robin's, and very far from a mere translation or com-
pilation : having, however, derived the materials from
him, it is just to give him credit for them, so far as he
deserves.
In order to render this Florula less incomplete, I
mean to add in this Supplement, the enumeration of all
the plants already mentioned by authors às natives of
the State of Louisiana, and omitted by Robin : those
authors are principally Bartram, Michaux, Pursh,
Mublenberg, &c.
Bartram visited the shores of the Mississippi, and
has noticed some of the plants found there, in his tra-
yels to Florida, &c.

132
Michaux never visited Louisiana, and has very few
plants from the shores of the Mississippi.
Pursh never went there ; but received some com-
munications from Enslen, who had visited that State.
Muhlenberg has enumerated in his Catalogue of the
plants of North America, many sent him from the shores
of the Mississippi and Washita, by Dunbar, Moore, &c.
some of which are even new ; but he has not de-
scribed them.
This addition will not be very considerable, yet it
may be considered as another step towards the know-
ledge of the vegetation west of the Mississippi. About
120 species, whereof several appear to be new, are
here added, making a total of 525 species, hitherto
known as natives of the State of Louisiana.
This Supplement shall be classed according to the
improved natural method, already published in my Ana-
lysis of Nature, in 1815. The Flora of Robin was
the first work ever published on American plants,
according to the natural method of Jussieu, though
with all its defects and without corrections. This
shall be the first attempt on its improved plan : the
natural classes only will be given here, since the small
number of plants to be enumerated requires no further
extension of the method. Its full application and the
characters of the natural orders and families, will soon
appear in my Flora Missurica, or Flora of the regions
west of the Mississippi, and in the natural classifica-
tion of all European and American genera, two works
which may speedily follow this.

133
CLASS I.-ELTROGYNIA.
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres in concentrical layers, surrounding a central pith
or hollow.
Flowers with one or many ovaries unconnected with
the perigone. Stamina never inserted on a peripetal
corolla. (monopetal ! L.)
Bodies with a root and caudex, commonly a stem, often
a woody one, stem branched, always with leaves or scales,
• and conspicuous flowers, fruits and seeds; germination
generally isocotyle dicotyle and opposite, seldom polico-
tyle or heterocotyle.
405. Rubus flagellaris Wild. On the Mississippi, ac-
cording to Muhlenberg's catalogue.
406. Delphinium azureum Mich.
407. Magnolia acuminata L. On the Mississippi, Mg.
408. - macrophylla Mich. On the Mississippi,
Mx. Mg. Bartr.
409. Nicium floridanum L. On the Mississippi, Mx.
Mg. Bartr.
410. Liriodendron tulipiferum L. Near Natchez and
Manchac, Bartram, and on the Red-River, &c.
411. Planera gmelini Mich. P. aquatica Mg.
412. Carpinum americana Wild. On the Mississippi,
Bartram.
413. Acer negundo L. On Lake Maurepas, Bartram.
M

131
414. Acer dasycarpum Wild.—A. glaucum Bartram,
On Lake Maurepas.
415. Acer nigrum Mich. On the Red-River, where it
is called sugar-tree: it produces sugar as the A.
Saccharinum.
416. Castanea americana Raf.-Cast. vesca americana
Wild. Pursh. On the Mississippi and the Red-
River.
417. Fagus alba Raf. F. Sylvatica Pursh. On the
Pearl-River and the Mississippi, Bartram.
418. Laurus persea L. In Louisiana, Mg.
419. -- carolinensis Mich.-L. Borbonia Bartr.
On the Mississippi Mg.
420. Hamamelis virginica L. On the Mississippi, Mg.
421. Illecebrum polygonioides Wild. On the Missis-
sippi, Mg.
422. Agrimonia pumila Mg. Cat. On the Mississippi,
not described.
423. Euphorbia cyathophora Wild. On the Mississip-
pi, Parsh.
424. Euphorbia thymifolia Wild. On the Mississippi,
Pursh, and My.
425. Papaver rhoeas L. On the Washita, Mg.
426
somniferum L. On the Washita, Mg.
427 Pachysandra procumbens Mich. On the Missis-
sippi, Mg.
428. Hibiscus manihot L. On the banks of the Mis-
sissippi, Mg. Pursh. Mich.
129. Jatropha manihot L. Cultivated in Louisiana.
430. Croton glandulosum Wild.
431. Stillingia sylvatica L? Found by Bartram.

135
432. Ficus carica L. Caltivated.
433. Juniperus barbadensis ? L.-J. Americana! Bar-
tram.
434. Rhampus R. frangula! Bartram.
435. Zanthoxylum clavaherculis L. Bartram.
436. Cleome pentaphylla ? L.-Cl. lupinifolia Bar-
tram, p. 425. perhaps it is the Cl. edulis. Fl. sp.
275. Bartram found it on the Taensapaoa, and
merely says, that it has a strong scent somewhat
similar to Assafætida, notwithstanding which, the
inbabitants give it a place in soups and sauces,
437. Azedara speciosa Raf.-Melia azedarach L.
438. Rivina levis L. On the Washita, Mg.
439. Fraxinus juglandifolia Wild ?-F. excelsior ?
Bartram.
440. Prunus coccinea Raf. Arborescens spinosus, fo-
.
liis lato-ovatis serratis nervosis mucronatis ; dru-
pis oblongis coccinies. Raf.—Plumb. Bartram,
travels, p. 424. Grows on Pearl Island, and pro-
bably on the other Islands of Louisiana. It rises
about 12 feet high, with a spreading top and spiny
branches, the leaves are broad and terminated
by a subulated point. It produces abundance of
large crimson fruits, of a very enticing appear-
ance; they are rather tart, yet are an agree-
able eating, at sultry noon; and they afford a most
delicious marinelade, when preserved in sugar;
they make also excellent tarts.
441. Vitis riparia Mich.
442. Sida rhombifolia L.
443. alceoides Mich.
ܪ
---

136
444. Acacia glandulosa ? Wild.—Mimosa glandulosa
Mich. Mimosa virgata Bartr. trav. p. 421. On
the banks of the Mississippi. Bartram found his
M. virgata on the Sea Islands, and his imperfect
description does not agree altogether with that of
A. glandulosa : I shall therefore copy it, as it may
happen that bis species shall
prove
different. Pe-
rennial plant, sending up many nearly erect stems,
dividing in many ascending slender branches, with
double pinnated leaves, of a most delicate forma-
tion. The flowers are of a pale greenish yellow
forming small oblong heads, upon a long slender
peduncle : the legumes are large lunated and
flat, placed in a spiral or contorted manner, each
containing several hard compressed little beans.
If different from A. glandulosa it may be charac-
terised as follows : Acacia virgata Raf. Cauli-
bus erectis ramosis, ramis virgatis, foliis bipinna-
tis ; capitulis oblongis, longe pedunculatis, legumi-
nibus lunatis latis depressis contortis. Raf.
445. Schrankia intsia Wild ?-Mimosa horridula Mich.
-Mimosa pudica Bartr. trav. p. 430. Found by
Bartram, near Manchac on the Mississippi. This
species is not described by Bartram; he merely
says, that it grows five or six feet high, rambling
like briar vines over the fences and shrubs in
gardens ; the inhabitants say it is indigenous, but
is not found in forests and fields, and resembles
entirely the M. pudica of the hot houses. It is
considered as a weed, for wherever it gets foot-
ing, it spreads itself by its seeds, in so great abun-

137
dance as to oppress and even extirpate more use.
ful vegetables.
446. Erythrina herbacea L. On the Mississippi, Mg.
447. Lathyrus pusillus Mg. N. Sp. (not described.)
On the Mississippi, flowers purple, blossoming in
June.
448. Sesbania platycarpa Mg. Flowers red! On the
Mississippi, Mg.
449. Sesbania macrocarpa Mg.-S. platycarpa Pers.
(and Phaca floridana.)—S. disperma Pursh.—Es-
chynomene platycarpa Michaux.-Robinia vesi-
caria Jacquin. On the Mississippi, flowers yellow,
Mg. These two species are merely distinguished
by Mg. in his catalogue, by the colour of the
flowers and shape of the pods.
450. Polygonum aviculare L.
451. - coccineum Raf. Foliis ovato-oblongis
acuminatis, ochreis truncatis glabris ; spica cylin-
drica, floribus pentandris digynis Raf.-P. bistor-
ta, Walter.-P. coccineum, var. terrestre Pursh,
Very different from the P. amphibium Michaux,
which Wildenow has called also P. coccineum,
and has obtuse leaves.
452. Brassica washitana Mg. Cat. not described, found
on the Washita, by Dunbar, flowers red.
453. Tilia heterophylla Ventenat. On the Mississip-
pi, Pursh.
454. Podalyria alba Wild.-Sophora and Crotalaria
alba L.
455. Ricinus communis L. On the Washita,, Mg
as*

138
-
456. Wendlandia populifolia Wild.-- Androphylax scan-
dens Wendland. ---Menispermum carolinianum
Walter. (Cissampelos smilacina Wild. :) On the
Mississippi.
457. Menispermum dubium Mg. Cat. perhaps the M.
lyoni of Pursh. On the Mississippi.
458. Salix Washitana Mg. Cat. On the Washita.
459. Bivonea stimulosa Raf. In Mirror of Sciences.-
Jatropha stimulosa Mich. Pursh. Sea-shore of
Louisiana.
CLASS II.—MESOGYNIA.
.-
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres in concentrical layers, surrounding a central
pith or hollow.
Flowers, with one or many ovaries, unconnected
with the perigone. Stamina constantly inserted on a
peripetal corolla, (monopetal!)
Bodies with a root and caudex, commonly a stem,
seldom woody, often branched, always with leaves or
scales, and conspicuous flowers, fruits, and seeds : ger-
mination commonly isocotyle, dicotyle, and opposite.
460. Lithospermum apulum! L.-Pursh. On the Mis-
sissippi.
461. Hydrophyllum pusillum Mg. Cat. In Louisiana,
undescribed, perhaps the H. tribolum Fl. sp. 97 ?
462. Scutellaria cordifolia Mg. Cat. Undescribed, on

139
the Mississippi, perhaps the same with S.deltoides,
Fl. sp. 127.
463. Martynia proboscidea L. On the Mississippi, Mg.
464. Dianthera pedunculata L. On the Mississippi,
Mich.
465. Lamium hispidulum Mich. On the Mississippi.
466. Catalpium amena Raf.—Bignonia catalpa. L.-
Catalpa syringefolium Pursh. On the Mississippi,
Mich.
467. Verbena aubletia Wild?-Buchnera canadensis L.
-Glandularia carolinensis Gmelin, &c.—Verbena
anonyma Bartr. trav. p. 136. Found by Bartram
near Pointe Coupée : he says, that it is a beautiful
species, with decumbent branches and lacerated
deep green leaves, the branches bear corymbs
of violet blue flowers. It grows in fields, in good
soil, and blossoms in Autumn.
468. Lycium carolinianum Mich.-L. Salsum Bartr.
469. Gentiana puberula Mich.
470. Bumelia lycioides Mich. Sideroxylon Bartram.
471. Convolvulus jalappa L. In Louisiana Mg.
472. Ipomea tamnifolia Wild ? On the Mississippi, Mg,
473. Ipomea coccinea Mich. In Louisiana, Pursh.
474. Cantua aggregata Pursh. On the Mississippi.
475. Gonolobus leve Mich. On the Mississippi, Mg.
476. Apocynum hypericifolium ? Aiton.
477. Diospyros pubescens Pursh.-D. caroliniana
Mg. On the Mississippi near Natchez
-

140
CLASS III.-ENDOGYGIA.
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres in concentrical layers, surrounding a central
pith or hollow.
Flowers with a single ovary, connected with the
calyx or exterior perigone. Stamina constantly in-
serted on the interior perigone, which is a peripetal
corolla.
Bodies with a root and caudex, commonly a stem,
seldom woody, often branched, always with leaves or scales,
and conspicuous flowers, fruits and seeds: germination
commonly dicotyle, isotyle, and opposite.
478. Sambucus canadensis L. On Lake Maurepas and
on the Taensa, Bartram.
479. Viburnum molle Mich.
480. Spermacoce glabra Mich. On the Mississippi.
481. Halesia tetraptera L. On Lake Maurepas and
at Pointe Coupée, Bartram.
482. Triosteum angustifolium L.
483. Carthamus tinctorius L. Cultivated.
484. Taraxacum densleonis, Decandolle.—Leontodon
taraxacum L. On the Washita, Mg.
485. Jacobea balsamita Raf-Senecio lyratus, Mich.
-S.lobatus, Pers. Mg.-S.balsamita Wild. Pursh.
--S. glabellus, Lam. On the Mississippi, Mg.
486. Eupatorium altissimum Wild. On the Missis-
sippi, Pursh.
487. Rudbeckia amplexifolia Wild. In Louisiana, on
the banks of the Mississippi, Mg. Pursh,
-
-
-
-

141
-
438. Zinnia multiflora L. On the Mississippi, Pursh.
489. Bæbera chrysanthemoides Wild -Tagetes pap-
posa Mich. On the overflowed banks of the
Mississippi, Mich. and Pursh.
490. Helenium canaliculatum Lam. In Louisiana.
491. Mesodetra alata Raf.--Rudbeckia alata Jaq.—He-
lenium quadridentatum Wild. Pursh. On the
banks of the Mississippi, Pursh. It must form a
new genus, which differs by the perianthe, sta-
mina and flowers from Rudbeckia and Helenium.
Stamina 4.
492. Silphium laciniatum L. On the Mississippi,
Pursh.
493. Silphium terebinthaceum L. On the Mississippi,
Pursh. Mich.
494. Scorzonera pinnatifida Mich. On the Missis-
sippi, Mg.
CLASS IV._SYMPHOGYNIA.
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres in concentrical layers, surrounding a central
pith or hollow.
Flowers with a single ovary, connected with the
calyx or the perigone ; stamina never inserted on a
peripetal corolla, or interior peripetal perigone.
Bodies with a root and caudex, commonly a stem,
sometimes a woody one, often branched, always with
leaves or scales, and conspicuous flowers, fruits and

142
seeds ; germination generally dicotyle, isocotyle, and op-
posite.
495. Lobelia fulgens Pursh.
Pursh. On the Mississippi.
496. Momordica echinata Wild. Pursh. Sicyos lo-
bata Mich. On the Mississippi, Pursh.
437. Eryngium fetidum L. In Louisiana, Mich.
498. Cactus opuntia ? L.
499. Enothera glauca Mich.
500. Nyssa villosa Wild. Pursh.-N. multiflora, Wal-
ter and Bartram.
501. Nyssa biflora Wild. Pursh.—N. aquatica, L.
Bartr.-N. integrifolia Aiton. Both species were
found by Bartram on the banks of the lake Mau-
repas.
502. Punica granatum L. Cultivated, Mg.
503. Malus coronarius Dec.—Pyrus coronarius L.
Near White Plains and Pointe-Coupée, Bar-
tram.
504. Quercus hemispherica Bartr. Wild. Pursh.
Near lake Maurepas, Bartr.
505. Hicorius ..... Juglans exaltata Bartr. Found
near Pointe-Coupée ; p <haps H. amara. FI.
-
sp. 360.
506. Ammania ramosior L,
CLASS V.-ANGIOGYNIA.
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and

143
fibres fasciculated, interwoven, and mixed with the
pith.
Flowers with a single ovary, connected with the pe-
rigone.
Bodies with a root and caudex, often a stem, seldom
woody, not often branched, frequently with leaves, scales
or sheaths ; flowers, fruits, and seeds conspicuous : ger-
mination commonly monocotyle and lateral.
-
507. Canna elegans Raf.-C. angustifolia Pursh.-C.
glauca Walter.-C. indica Bartram trav. p. 426.
Found by him on the banks of the Amete and near
Lake Maurepas, where it grows with luxuriance,
the stems rising from six to nine feet, bearing
beautiful spikes of scarlet flowers.
508. Leptanthus ovalis Mich.
509. Iris cuprea Pursh.-I. fulva? Mg. Found by
Enslen near New-Orleans.
CLASS VI.—GYMNOGYNIA.
-.
Stem or caudex vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres fasciculated, interwoven, and mixed with the
pith.
Flowers with one or many ovaries, unconnected with
the perigone: always a perigone, no glumes nor spadix.
Bodies with a root and caudex, often a stem, scarcely
ever woody, seldom branched, often with leaves, scales or

141
sheaths ; flowers, fruits, and seeds conspicuous : germi-
nation commonly monocotyle and lateral.
510. Juncus tenuis Wild.
511. Polyanthes tuberosa L. Cultivated, Bartram.
CLASS VII.—PHANEROGYNIA.
-
Caudex or chaff vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres fasciculated, interwoven, and mixed with the
pith.
Flowers with one or many ovaries, seldom a pe-
rigone, commonly a glume or spadix : stamina visible.
Bodies with a root and caudex or chajf, seldom woody
or branched, often with crowning or sheathing leaves;
flowers, fruits, and seeds conspicuous: germination com-
monly monocotyle and lateral.
512. Trisiola paniculata Raf.—Uniola paniculata L.
Pursh.-Uniola maritima Mich. In Louisiana,
Mich. The genus Trisiola is triandrous, and the
Uniola is monandrous.
513. Tripsacum dactyloides L.
514. Panicum virgatum L. On the Mississippi, Mich.
515. Panicum birtellum L.-Scotch grass, Bartr.
-
trav. p. 430. Near Manchac, &c. This valua-
ble grass was introduced in Louisiana from the
West Indies; they mow or reap it at any time,

145
and feed the cows or horses with it, in its green
state: it is nourishing food for all cattle. Bartram.
516. Paspalum paniculata Walter. On the Missis-
sippi, Mg
517. Paspalum floridanum Mich.
518. Alopecurus geniculatus L. On the Mississippi,
Mg
519. Uniola gracilis Mich. Pursh. Mg.-Holcus laxus
Wild. On the Washita, Mg.
520. Arundo donax L. Naturalized, Mg.
521. Agrostis mexicana L.
522. Elymus europeus L! On the Mississippi, Mg.
523. Miegia tecta Mg. Arundo tecta Walt. On the
Misissippi, Mg. The M. gigantea of Muhlenberg,
A. gigantea Walt. is the M. macrosperma Pers.
and Fl. sp. 28. the Arundinaria Mich. or Ludolfio,
Wild.
CLASS VIII.-CRYPTOGYNIA.
Caudex or stirpes vascular and fibrous, vessels and
fibres fasciculated, interwoven, and mixed with the
pith.
Flowers with invisible ovaries, no perigone nor real
stamina.
Bodies with a caudex or stirpes, commonly with a root,
often a frons instead of leaves ; flowers, fruits, and seeds
inconspicuous germination lateral, often monocotyle or
irregular.
N

146
CLASS IX.-MYCOSIA. .
Cellular bodies, not fibrous, without pith : vessels
inconspicuous.
Living in the air.
Bodies variously expanded, without stem or leaves,
seldom a frons; no flowers, ovaries, nor stamina ; fruc-
tification inconspicuous, concealed : germination acotyle,
expansive.
CLASS X-ALGOSIA
Cellular bodies, not fibrous, without pith, vessels
inconspicuous.
Living in the water.
Bodies variously expanded, often a frons and branches,
no real stem nor leaves; no flowers, ovaries, nor stamina ;
;
fructification inconspicuous, concealed; germination
acotyle, expansive.
No species belonging to those three last classes
Ywhich correspond with the Cryptogamy of Linnæus,)
have been stated to grow in Louisiana, besides those
found by Robin !
Two plants have been mentioned without names,
which cannot be classed ; they are

147
524. An arborescent aromatic vine, Bartr. trav. p.
436. Found at Pointe-Coupée and Baton-rouge;
it mounts to the top of the highest trees, by twist-
ing spirally round them; they grow on the rich
highlands on the banks of the river; some of them
are as thick as a man's leg, of a soft spongy tex-
ture and flexible, covered with a cinnamon co-
loured bark, which is highly aromatic or spicy,
the leaves are large, oblong, opposite, and of a
full deep colour, Bartram.-Perhaps it is the
Schisandra coccinea Mich. ?
525. A Crab-apple, tasting like Raspberries, found by
Ker on the Red-river -Perhaps it is a species of
Crategus
-
come

ADDITIONS
i
1. Sp. 17. Sarracenic lencophylla. The genus Sarra-,
cenia has not the least affinity with the order or
tribe of Aroides, it is because Robin mistook the
singular leaves of this plant, for the spatha of an
Arum, that he has united it thereto.
2. N. G. I. ANANTHOPUS. This genus has also much
affinity with Commelina and the ovary is probably
free.
3. Sp. 69. Laurus sassafras. Bartram found it on the
White plains ; he says that it grows to a vast tree,
40 to 50 feet, straight trunk; its timber is found
to be very useful, sawn into boards and scantling,
or hewn into posts for building and fencing.
4. Sp. 109. Olea americana. On the banks of the
Mississippi according to Muhlenberg.
5. Sp. 119. Collinsonia verticillaris. Its real name must
be Hypogon verticillatum Raf. and the C. anisata
must be called Hypogon anisatum Raf. since the
number of stamina is constant and generic in this
tribe, else the genera Salvia, Rosmarinas, Lyco-
pus, &c. ought not to exist! Hypogon means
beard beneath.
6. Sp. 139. Heliotropium indicum, is also mentioned
by Muhlenberg, as native of the banks of the

149
Mississippi. Is the American species identic with
the East Indian ?
7. Sp. 145. Ipomea avicularis. This plant must be
called and characterized as follows. Ornithos-
perma serotina Raf. Volubilis, foliis cordatis tri-
lobis longe petiolatis, lobis acutis ; floribus solita-
ris, sepalis calicinalis acuminatis. Raf. Very dis-
tinct from Ipomea by the capsul and stigma. The
name means Bird's seed.
8. Sp. 150. Tecoma radicans, add Bignonia radicans
L. &c.
9. Sp. 158. Asclepias procumbens, must be called An-
thanotis procumbens Raf. Mr. Elliot has given to
the genus Anthanotis, the name of Acerates, mean-
ing without horns; my name means flowers with-
out ears, and is rather better, since there is already
a genus of plants called Aceras by Brown.
10. Sp. 163. Gelsemium sempervirens, add Bignonia
sempervirens L. Gels. nitidum Mich. Pursh.
Mg. This last author mentions that it is found
on the banks of the Mississippi.
11. Sp. 168. Hopea tinctoria L. add Simplocos tinc-
toria L'Heritier and Mg who says that it
grows near Natchez.
12. Sp. 175. Krigia oppositifolia, must rather be called
Serinia cespitosa Raf. The genus Serinia differs
from Krigia by the naked seeds; the name means
small chicory.
13. Sp. 176. Prenanthes glauca, must rather be called
Esopon glaucum, differing from Prenanthes and
*

150
Troximon by the feathery down. Esopon is an
ancient name.
14. N. G. XII. GYNEMA. This genus has also much
affinity with my genus Gymnostyles, the type of
which is the Conyza marilandica L. but in this
last the female flowers have no corolla.
15. Sp. 237. Galium uniflorum, add. Obs. The name
of Galium being so similar to Allium, Galactia
Gallus, Gallinula, &c. ought perhaps to be super-
seded be the anterior and better name Aparine of
Tournefort.
16. Sp. 246. Viburnum prunifolium. Is it not rather
the V. lentago?
17. Sp. 280. Acer rubrum. Seen near Lake Maure-
pas by Bartram.
18. Sp. 295. Hibiscus grandiflorus. Found near Nat-
chez by Michaux.
19. Sp. 300. Magnolia grandiflora. Common on the
Red-river, the Mississippi, Lake Maurepas, &c.
20. Sp. 324. Fragaria .... .... Bartram in his travels,
p. 432, mentions a species of Strawberries found
on the White plains, which bear very large fruit,
of a fine red colour, delicious and fragrant. It
may be a peculiar species, which might be called
Fragaria ludoviciana.
21. Sp. 333. Gleditsia triacanthos. Muhlenberg men-
tions that the Gl, monosperma grows near Nat-
chez, and Bartram found the Gl. triacanthos on
the White-plains.
22. Sp. 378. Morus rubra. Seen by Bartram on the
White plains and near lake Maurepas.
a

151
23. Sp. 383. Humulus lupulus. On the Washita, Mg.
24. Sp. 397. Quercus phellos. Seen on lake Maure-
pas, by Bartram.
25. Sp. 401. Platanus occidentalis. This tree is called
Sycamore by the American settlers. It reaches
an immense size; an individual has been seen on
the Red-river measuring 69 feet in circumfe-
rence.
26. Sp. 402. Cupressus disticha. It real name must
be Schubertia disticha, Mirbel, having been as-
certained to form a peculiar genus. It is a won-
derful tree, surrounded by knobby pillars, spring-
ing from the roots. It grows in all the swamps
of Louisiana, and rises sometimes 100 feet with-
out branches. Its timber is very valuable and
lasting : they build the wharves with it in Loui-
siana.


INDEX
OF
THE SUPPLEMENT AND ADDITIONS,
sp. 406
sp. 522
sp. 417
* Acacia,
sp. 444 Croton,
430
Acer, 413–14-15 ad. 17 Cupressus,
ad. 26
Eschynomene, 449
* Agrimonia, 442 Delphinium,
Agrostis,
521 Dianthera,
464
Alopecurus, 518 Diospyros,
477
Ammania,
506
Ananthopus, ad. 2 Elymus,
Androphylla x, 456 Eryngium,
497
Apocynum,
476 Erythrina,
446
Arundo,
520 Eupatorium,
480
Asclepias,
ad. 9 Euphorbia, 423-4
Azedara,
437
*Fagus,
Bivonea,
sp. 459 Ficus,
432
Boebera,
489 Fragaria,
ad. 20
*Brassica,
452 Fraxinus,
439
Bumelia,
470
Galium,
ad. 15
Cactus,
sp. 493 Gelsemium, ad. 10
Canna,
507 Gentiana,
Cantua,
474 Gleditsia,
ad. 21
Carpinum,
412 Gonolobus,
Carthamus,
483 Gynema,
ad. 14
*Castanea,
Catalpium,
sp. 469
sp. 475
416
466 Halesia,
Cissampelos, 456 Hamamelis,
420
Cleome,
436 Helenium,
490-91
Convolvulus, 471 Heliotropium, ad. 6
Collinsonia, ad. 5 Hibiscus,
428, ad. 18
sp. 481

154
sp. 500-1
sp. 499
sp. 427
Hicorius,
505 Nyssa,
Hopea,
ad. 11
Humulus,
ad. 23 Enothera,
* Hydrophyllum, 461 Olea,
ad. 4
Illecebrum, sp. 421 Pachysandra,
Illicium,
409 Panicum,
514-15
Ipomea, 472, ad. 7 Papaver,
425-6
Iris,
509 Paspalum,
516-17
Planera,
411
Jacobea,
sp. 485 Platanus,
ad. 25
Jatropha,
429 Podalyria,
454
Juncus,
510 *Polygonum
450
Juniperus,
433 Polyanthes
511
Prenanthes, ad. 13
Krigia,
ad. 12 *Prunus,
440
Punica,
502
Lathyrus, sp. 447 Pyrus,
533
Lamium,
465
Laurus, 418-19, ad. 3 Quercus, sp. 504, ad. 24
Leontodon,
484
Leptanthus,
508 Ricinus,
Liriodendron, 410 Rivina,
438
Lithospermum,
460 Rhamnus,
434
Lobelia,
495 Rubus,
405
Ludolfia,
523 Rudbeckia, 487-91
Lycium,
468
*Salix,
Magnolia, sp. 407-8, ad.19 Sambucus,
478
Malus,
503 Sarracenia,
ad. 1
Martynia,
463 Schrankia,
445
Melia,
437 Schubertia, ad. 26
*Menispermum,
457 Scorzonera,
494
Mesodetra,
491 *Scutellaria,
462
Miegia,
523 Senecio,
485
Mimosa,
444-5 *Sesbania,
448-9
Momordica,
496 Sicyos,
496
Morus,
ad. 22 Sida,
442-3
sp 455
sp. 458

155
sp. 512. 19
Silphium
Spermacoce,
Stillingia,
sp. 467
492-3 Unioła,
480
421 Verbena,
Viburnum,
479, ad. 16
sp. 489 Vitis,
441
484
ad. 8 Wendlandia,
453
482 Zanthoxylun,
513 Zinnia,
Tagetes,
Taraxacum,
Tecoma,
Tilia,
Triosteum,
Tripsacum,
Trisiola,
sp. 456
488
512
sp. 435

ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS.
means
Ait.
Bartr.
Br.
Cay.
Dec.
Jaq.
Juss.
L.
Lam.
Mich. or Mx.
Mg. or Muhl.
Pers.
Poir.
Pursh.
Sal.
Sm.
Raf.
Rob.
Walt.
Wild.
Aiton.
Bartram.
Brown.
Cavanilles.
Decandolle.
Jacquin.
Jussieu.
Linnæus.
Lamark.
Michaux.
Muhlenberg
Persoon.
Poiret.
Pursh.
Salisbury.
Smith.
Rafinesque.
Robin.
Walter.
Wildenow.

APPENDIX
TO THE
TREES AND SHRUBS OF LOUISIANA. .
While the Supplement of this work was under the
press, the Geographical Description of Louisiana, by
William Darby, fell into my hands. Having perceiv-
ed in it, several elaborate Catalogues of the trees and
shrubs, growing in the different parts of that State,
some of which had not been observed by Robin, Bar-
trañ, &c. and some additional geographical and eco-
nomical remarks on others, I have been induced to
enumerate those additions, for which we are indebted
to Mr. Darby ; correcting, at the same time, several
errors of nomenclature, into which he appears to have
fallen. It has been the fate of Louisiana to be ex-
plored by individuals, very imperfectly acquainted
with Botany, and whose blunders, wherever they at-
tempt to state any thing above mere facts, assume the
most singular character. Mr. Darby does not appear
to have been acquainted with the work of Robin ; his
guide has been the mere Catalogue of Muhlenberg,
and Michaux's work on the trees of North America, yet
without noticing it. He has not favoured us with the
descriptions of his few new trees; but, by some hasty
0

158
verbal explanations, I was enabled to form a judgment
on them. He has confirmed my ideas on the unex-
plored vegetable treasures of that State, since he has
assured me, that he is partly acquainted with many
other new trees and shrubs, unnoticed in his work,
and by Robin : he has in particular mentioned a new
wild Pear tree, found by him on the north-west parts
of the State, which bear small turbinate acid fruits ;
and whose size and foliage are very similar to the com-
mon Pear tree; if really new, it might be called Pyrus
ludoviciana.
I shall enumerate those Trees and Shrubs, alpha-
betically, prefixing numbers to those not mentioned
by Robin, Bartram, &c.
Acer rubrum, sp. 280. and A negundo, sp. 413.
Used for fuel, common.
Acer nigrum. sp. 415. Rare, called black
sugar maple.
626. Andromeda racemosa D! Sorrel tree! probably
the Andr. arborea L. whose vulgar name is
such, the A. racemosa being called Red-bud.
Common near Iberville, &c.
Annona triloba D. sp. 302. Plentiful in Ope-
lousas.
Arundo gigantea D. sp. 28. It is not an
Arundo. It grows in immense brakes in many
parts of Louisiana, in grounds not subject to an-
nual submersion, and is rapidly destroyed by the
clearing of the lands. D.

159
527. Betula lenta. Black birch D. Perhaps a diffe-
rent species.
528. Betula nigra D. In Washita.
Bignonia catalpa. sp. 466. Its wood is ex-
cellent and withstands the action of air and mois-
ture longer than any othér, corner posts 30 years
old do not exhibit the least appearance of decom-
position. Common in Opelousas. D.
529. Cactus cylindricus D! probably a different spe-
cies; found near Texas and Natchitoches.
Carpinus americana D. sp. 412. Carpinus
containing Pinus must be altered into Carpinum.
In the northern and eastern parts, and in Ope-
lousas. D.
530. Carpinus Ostrya. D. Is the Ostrya virginica of
Mg. and Pursh, too similar to Ostrea—Zugilus vir.
ginica Raf. In the North-East, and in Opelousas.
531. Castanea pumila. The Chincapintree vegetates in
an immense range of Louisiana, and exists in great
,
variety of soils. It is found in the border of over-
flowed land, often more than a foot in diameter;
but always of diminutive elevation, compared to
its thickness. D.
532. Celtis crassifolia. Blackberry D. Common, used
for fuel.
533. Cerasus caroliniana. Laurier almond! D. The
Chimanthus amygdalina sp. 70, is very different,
perhaps two species are called Laurier amande
in Louisiana, or some blunder has been commit-
ted by Robin or Darby!
Chamerops Louisiana! Palmetto or Latania!

160
D. This Palm which Mr. Darby in a note, p. 81.
thinks a new species, and to wbich he gives two
erroneous Latin and French narnes, is merely the
Sabal adansoni sp. 29. It marks the limit of an-
nual inundation, as it grows above the reach of it.
Cornus florida, sp. 245. Wherever this tree
is found, the maize may be cultivated, its flower-
ing season is a signal for planting the maize, and
the fruit of both come to maturity nearly at the
same time. D.
534. Cornus alba. Swamp dogwood D. doubtful, in
Opelousas, &c. in Palmetto lands.
Cupressus disticha Sp. 402. Common in over-
flowed lands, and the bluffs of the Mississippi.
Diospyros virginiana, Sp. 166. Common in
Swamps.
Fagus sylvestris D. it is probably the T. alba
Raf. sp. 417. It begins to appear on the nor-
thern waters of Opelousas, and decorates the
margia of all the streams to the north of that
place, as far as Washita. D.
535. Fraxinus tomentosa. Red Ash ? On the Washita,
at Plaquemines, &c. used for fuel.
536. Fraxinus aquatica. Water Ash D. Both may hap-
pen to be some of the new species of Robin.
Gleditschia monosperma, rare.
triacanthos, more common.
llex D. sp. 364. rare.
537. Juglans cathartica D. This is Michaux's name,
the name of Linnæus, J. cinerea is better and an-
terior. Rare, only found on the upper Teche.
opaca D.

161
538. Juglans aquatica. Swamp hickory D. Near the
Mississippi, with the following one, west of Nat-
chez.
539. Juglans laciniosa. Thin shell-bark hickory.
540.-
porcina. Pignut hickory. On the Wash-
ita, Pearl-river, &c.
641. Juglans squamosa. Shell-bark hickory. Those
names are Michaux's. All the hickories belong
to the genus Hiçorius; they are common all over
Louisiana : On the Washita, &c.
542. Juglans myristiceformis. Nutmeg hickory, Mx.
Along the slopes of hills in rich lands, in the
broken fertile country west of Atchafalava, in
Opelousas, &c.
543. Juglans oliveformis; Paccan. Near Natchitoches,
on the Red-river, the Colorado, in Texas, &c.
544. Juglans tomentosa. In east Louisiana.
545. Juniperus virginiana. Red cedar. On the hills:
of the Red-river, &c.
546. Laurus benzoin. Spicewood D. In Opelousas.
Laurus caroliniensis, sp. 419. Red-bay, D.
Common in the south, and in Opelousas. Is the
Sweet-bay, the same tree, or the Laurus ludovi-
oiana. sp. 71 ?
Liquidambar styraciflua, sp. 395. Sweet gum,
it grows on all sorts of soil, on the high hills, in
the deepest swamps, and on the borders of the
prairies and overflowed lands, D.
Liriodendron tulipifera, sp. 410. Poplar. On
the hills, common near Baton-rouge, and West of
Amite, D.

162
Magnolia grandiflora sp. 300. Common, wood
of very little use. Large laurel or Laurel mag-
nolia, D.
Magnolia glauca. Probably the M. fragrans.
sp. 301. White-bay, D.
Morus rubra sp. 378. Scarce.
547. Morus scabra. Spanish mulberry. In Opelou-
sas, &c. A shrub, it indicates fertile land.
Melia azedarach, sp. 437. Its growth is ex-
tremely rapid, wood as good as that of the Catal-
pa. Cultivated, D.
Nyssa aquatica. Tupeloo D. It is the N. biflora,
sp. 501. Vulgar name in Louisiana, Olive, from
its fruit. Common in cane brakes, ponds, and la-
goons, D.
Nyssa sylvatica. Black Gum, D. Probably
the N. villosa, sp. 500. In Opelousas, and in
east Louisiana, &c. in woods.
Pavia lutea D. sp. 278:
A dwarf shrub.
Pinus tada. Loblolly pine. On the Amite, &o.
548. Pinus rigida. Pitch pine. On the dry hills of the
north-east, forming large woods.
Populus angulata, sp. 391. Cotton wood. Com-
mon on the banks of all the rivers.
Prunus or Cerasus virginiana, sp. 328. Com-
mon south and east of the State.
549. Prunus cerasus. Cultivated, but does not grow
well, even on the hills, the apple-tree is in the
same case.
Platanus occidentalis. Common.

163
Phytolaca decandra. Poke. In Opelousas. it
indicates a fertile soil.
550. Quercus falcata. This tree announces the tran-
sition from the recent, to the ancient alluvions,
more abundant near Opelousas, often found on
slightly overflown lands, but it is then out of its
congenial soil. D.
Quercus phellos, sp. 397. Common in the
southern parts.
Quercus macrocarpa, sp. 400. Common in
Opelousas, &c.
551. Quercus lyrata. In Plaquemines, &c. good fuel.
552.
tinctoria. On the Washita, &c. the
Pearl river, &c.
553. Quercus rubra. Common with the foregoing in
the forests of Opelousas, in alluvial soil : also on
the Red-river, and in Palmetto-lands.
Quercus nigra, sp. 399. On the Washita. Se-
veral sorts of black oaks are found in Opelousas.
Quercus virens, sp. 396. Valuable tree, of
slow growth, which is rapidly destroyed : it has
a particular range in Louisiana, common in Ata-
kapas, Amite, &c. rare on the Sabine, not found
in Opelousas, &c. D.
554. Quercus alba. Common. Several sorts of white
oak are found in Opelousas.
555. Quercus obtusiloba. East Louisiana, rare.
556.
aquatica. Near New Orleans, &c.
557.
ferruginea. Rare.
Robinia preudacacia, sp. 351. Black locust.

164
Common on the Washita, Red-river, near Nat-
chitoches, &c.
558. Robinia pumila. Dwarf locust, D. Near Nat-
chitoches, a shrub: vulgar name, Musquito wood.
Perhaps it is the R. viscosa or the R. hispida, not
described.
559. Robinia bistineau ! Bistineau locust, D. Found
on lake Bistineau, a dwarf tree about 20 feet high,
without thorns. Mr. Darby thinks it is a new
species; which may be the case, since he told me
verbally that it has white flowers, and small few
seeded oblong flat legumes : it is perhaps not a
Robinia. If such, and new, it must be called Ro-
binia ludoviciana.
560. Rubus villosus or R. fruticosus. Blackberry, D.
561. Rubus pubescens. Abundant along the banks of
the Mississippi, and nearly all the rivers of Lou-
isiana.
562. Sambucus rubra, D. Perhaps the S. ebulus na-
turalized. It indicates fertile lands.
563. Salix nigra. Common in swamps, lagoons and
along the rivers. Used for fuel.
564. Smilax rotundifolia. Common in woods, entang-
ling the trees, very troublesome. Green briar, D.
565. Tilia pubescens. In the north and east of the
State.
Ulmus americana. Mucilaginous Elm. This
is probably the U. pinguis or U. alba, sp. 387 and
388. Common.
566. Ulmus rubra. Red-elm, D. Must be the U.

165
Fulva of Michaux. On the north-west parts of
Louisiana.
567. Ulmus alata. Large leaved elm, D. Near New.
Orleans and at Plaquemines.
Ulmus aquatica. Swamp elm, D. This is
probably the Planera gmelini, sp. 411. Grow-
ing in water, together with Nyssa aquatica.
568. Vaccinium arboreum. Common west of the
Delta in thin level woodland.
569. Vaccinium starmineum. In pine forests on both
sides of the Mississippi, and in Opelousas.
570. Vaccinium macrocarpon. Cranberry, D. Or
rather Oxycoccus macrocarpus, Pursh. Found
on the waters of the Mermentau. Is it really
that species?
571. Vaccinium resinosum. In pine forests, east and
west of the Mississippi.
Vitis riparia, sp. 441. In Opelousas, it over-
hangs the streams together with the following one.
572. Vitis laciniosa. In Opelouşas.
573. Vitis verrucosa. Muscadine grape. Very com-
mon in Opelousas; and near Baton rouge.

TRACTS
OF
C. S. RAFINESQUE.
Published or communicated, since the publication of his
Circular Address on Botany and Zoology, in 1816,
where his former works are ENUMERATED.
a
1. Description of a new genus of American soft
shell turtle, Aplaxia nasica, and several other new
reptiles, Anguinus faciatus, Trituras fuscus, Tr. viri-
descens, Onyxurus atricapillus, Ranaria melanota, &c.
communicated to the Literary and Philosophical So-
ciety of New York, 1816.
2. Supplements to the Memoir on the American
Sturgeons, where five other species are noticed.
Communicated to the Society in 1816 and 1817.
3. Dissertation on the cubic bulk of organized
beings, or animals, and plants. Communicated to the
same society, 1817.
4. Botanical disquisition on ten native species of
grape vines, from the State of New-York, most of
which are new, and where it is shown that about 24
species of the genus Vitis are found in North America.
Read to the same Society, 1817.

167
5. Notes on the geographical range, or native places
of many rare, North American plants. Read to the
same society in 1817.
6. Two reports to the Lyceum of Natural history,
on the labours of a travelling committee, on the Bo-
tany and Zoology of the Highlands, 1817.
7. Report to the same Lyceum, of a botanical ex-
cursion on the Catskill mountains, with Mr. Knevels,
1817.
8. Several reports to the same Lyceum on many
new species of animals of the genera Gordius, Nereis,
Gryphea, Glomeris, Triturus, Cymothoo, Testudo, Tubi-
pora, Cellepora, &c. and same new genera Prodiplus,
Nectylus, &c.
9. Several catalogues of plants collected on Long-Is-
land. Communicated to the Lyceum, 1817.
10. Description of, and Dissertation on, the genus
Xanthium and the Xanthium maculatum, a new Ame-
rican species found near New-York, &c. Communi-
cated to the Lyceum, 1817.
11. Dissertation on the natural classificatiou of the
genus Florkea, which is proved to belong to the na-
tural tribe Euphorbinia, natural family Galenidia, next
to Nectris and Galenia. Read to the Lyceum in 1817.
12. First decade of new genera of North American
plants, viz. Clintonia, Polanisia, Peltandra, Cylactis,
Nemopanthus, Amphipogon, Diplogon, &c. Communi-
cated to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, 1817.
13. Several reviews of Botanical works, such as
Pursh's Flora Americæ-septentrinalis, Barton's Pro-

168
dromus floræ Philadelphica, &c. In the American
Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, New-York,
1817.
All the following Tracts were published in the Mu-
seum of Natural Sciences, of the American Monthly
Magazine and Critical Review, New-York, 1817.
14. Description of a new American fossil Tubipora
striatula.
.
15. Synopsis of ten new American species of the
genus Aphis and two akin new genera Cladoxus and
Loxerates.
16. Definitions and notes on some new Quadrupeds
of Geoffroy, Desmaretz, Azara, &c.
17. Dissertation on Water-snakes, Sea-snakes, and
Sea-serpents, including the several species of the ge-
ra Enhydris, Natrix, Platurus, Hydrophis, Pelamis,
Ophinectes, and the Sea-serpent Megophias.
18. Notes on some new Quadrupeds of the Missou-
ri region, described by Leraye, of the genera Cervus,
Felis, Lynx, &c.
19. Neogenyton Siculum, or Descriptions of four
new genera of Dicotyle Sicilian plants, viz.
Adoceton saxatile.—A maritimum.
Phedimus stellatus.-Ph. uniflorus.
Pternix cynaroides.
Vetrix sicula.
-

169
20. Description of seven new species of Sicilian
plants.
Ruta fimbriata. Xylosteon Siculum.
Enphorbia montana. Orchis hyemalis.
Orobanche fragrans. Herniaria nebrodensis.
obtusata.
21. Florula albimontana, or of the White mountains
of New Hampshire, by Bigelow and Booth, with six
new species, and notes, wherein three new genera are
established Aplostemon, Bigelowia, and Dimesia.
22. Synopsis of four new genera and ten new spe-
cies of Crustacea, from the United States. They are
Nectoceras pelagica, N.G. Astacus limosus.
Nectylus rugosus, N. G.
-fossor.
Psammylla littoralis, N. G. pusillus.
Pephredo potamogeti, N. G. ciliaris.
Grapsus limosus.
Portunus menoides.
Ocypoda pusilla.
Daphinia dorsalis.
Pagurus truncatulus. Cymothoa pallida.
23. First decade of New Species of North Ameri-
can plants.
Acnida salicifolia.
Celtis canina.
Arabis rotundifolia.
maritima.
parviflora. Copodium oxynemum.
mollis.
Turritis lyrata.
Lemna dimidiata.
oblongata.
24. Description of seven New Genera of North
American quadrupeds.
Mazama tema. M. dorsata. M. Sericeo.
Diplostoma fusca. D. alba.
Geomys pinetis. G. cinerea.
P

170
Cynomys socialis. C. grisea.
Anisonyx brachiurd. A. rufa.
Mynomes pratensis.
Lynx canadensis. L. montanus. L. rufus. L. flori-
danus. L. fasciatus. L. aureus.
25. Description of the Loxylon pomiferum, a new
genus of North American tree.
26. Second decade of undescribed North American
plants.
Asclepias maritima. Coralorhiza maculata.
Atriplex macronata. Aristida geniculata.
dioica. Panicum uniflorum.
Euphorbia supina. Polygonum arenarium.
littoralis. Scutellaria nemorosa.
27. First decade of new North American Fishes.
Anguilla chrysypa Cyprinus bullaris.
blephura.
hemiplus.
Salmo pallidus.
vittatus.
Bodianus rupestris.
megalops.
achigan.
melanurus.
28. Survey of the progress of Natural Sciences in
the United States, from 1800 to 1817.
The following Tracts will be published in the third
number of the second volume, for January, 1818.
29. An introduction to the Ichthyology of the Uni-
ted States.

171
30. Description of two new genera of North Ame-
rican Fishes, Opsanus and Notropis.
31. Second decade of New North American Fishes.
Perca mucronata. Exocetus rubescens.
notata.
Callionymus pelagicus.
Petromyzon leucopterus. Clupea sapidissima.
Phycis marginatus.
megalops,
Sparus erythrops.
neglecta.
31. Third decade of new North American Fishes.
Malus microcarpa.
Neottia plantaginea.
Prunus rupestris.
lacera.
Spirea obovata.
Stellaria montana.
Euphorbia vermiculata. tenella.
Equisetum montanum. Juniperus depressus.
And the following Tracts will be published in the
course of 1818.
Fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, &c. decades of new
North American plants.
Description of several new genera of North Ame-
rican fishes, Cheilobus, Miniculus, Polyprion, &c.
Descriptions of 25 new species of North American
snakes.
Description of 16 new species of turtles, lizards,
and salamanders, from the United States.
Synopsis of 20 other new American species of the
genus Aphis.
Fragments on the Marine Zoology of Sicily.

172
Description of the Tessarops, a new genus of Ame-
rican spider.
Dissertation on Atmospheric dust.
Dissertation on the ancient Geology of the neigh-
bourhood of New York.
Memoir on vegetable odours, and a classification of
American scented plants.
Description of about 60 new species of North Ame-
rican quadrupeds of the genera Sciurus, Lynx, Felix,
Cervus, Atalapha, Lemmus, Gerbillus, Canis, Mephitis,
Mustela, &c.
Memoir on the ancient Lake of the Hudson.
Synopsis of many new genera and species of North
American Polyps, Mollusca and shells.
New natural families of plants.
Florula lyncemontana, or of the Catskill mountains.
Florula Azorica, or of the Azore islands.
Memoir on some prevalent errors in Natural His-
tory.
Thoughts on the Mutations of the Earth.
Description of three new diseases of plants, Sarcan-
thia, Sarcomelas and Phyllops.
Memoir on the Duration of Plants.
Memoir on Organic Arithmetic.
New genera of North American plants.

173
AMERICAN BOTANICAL WORKS.
It may not be useless, or it may at least be grateful,
to some of our readers, to hear that several botanical
works are publishing, or will soon be published, in the
United States; we are therefore induced to notice
them ; each will add its mite towards the knowledge
of our vegetable productions.
Botany of the southern states, Carolina and Georgia,
by Stephen Elliot, Esq. Charleston ; begun this year.
A valuable work, with good descriptions, and many new
species.
Descriptio uberior graminum et plantarum calama-
riarum Americæ septentrionalis, indigenarum et cicu-
rum. Auctore D. Henrico Muhlenberg, Philadelphia,
1817. One vol. 8vo.
Descriptio uberior plantæ lancastriensis et Ameri-
canæ. Opus postum. auctore D. Henrico Muhlenberg.
— Announced.
Manual of the Botany of the northern states. Al-
bany, 1817. One vol. 12mo.
Flora Novanglica, or Botany of the New-England
states, by Dr. Bigelow and Mr. Booth, Boston.-An-
nounced.
Prodromus Flora Noveboracensis, or Catalogue of
the Plants growing within 30 miles of New York, with
-
-
*

174
-
some new species, by Dr. Eddy, Messrs. Torrey and
Knevels, New-York.-Announced.
Flora Philadelphica, by Dr. W. P. C. Barton, Phi-
ladelphia.-Announced.
Synopsis of the Botany of the United States, by
John Leconte, Esq.-Announced.
Medical Botany of the United States, by Dr. Bige-
low, Boston : begun this year.-Another work on the
same plan, and bearing the same name, has also been
undertaken and begun by Dr. Barton, in Philadelphia!
They are both costly publications.
The Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, begun this year, contains some botanical
matter.

175
NOTICES.
The following works will be published by the same
author, as soon as he can make convenient arrange-
ments with some printers and publishers in America,
or in Europe.
Second edition of the ANALYSIS or NATURE, or Sur-
vey
of the Universe and Organized Beings, in English
and French : with considerable additions.
AMENITIES OF NATURE, or selection of original Tra-
vels and Tracts on Natural Sciences, particularly Geol-
ogy, Botany, and Zoology.
CRITICISM OF GENERA, or an Alphabetical investi-
gation of generic nomenclature.
The publication of the two periodical works, an-
nounced under the name of ANNALS OF NATURE, and
SOMIOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA, is delayed until the
period, not very distant, when an increase of taste
for scientific knowledge may countenance and encou-
rage it.


177
ADVERTISEMENT.
a
-
Mr. C. S. Rafinesque has a few copies of some of
his works to dispose of: they are
Principes Fondamentaux de Somiologie, &c. Fun-
damental principles of Somiology, or the laws of the
nomenclature and classification of Organized bodies.
Pamphlet, 1814.—Price 40 cents.
Précis des Decouvertes, &c. View of the Somiological
Discoveries of C. S. R. with the descriptions of 50 new
genera and 190 new species of American and Euro-
pean animals and plants. Pamphlet, 1814.—Price 40
-
cents.
Caratteri di alcuni, &c. Description of 62 new ge-
nera, and 272 new species of Sicilian plants and ani-
mals. One volume, 1810, 20 plates.—Price 1 dollar:
Indice d’Ittiologia, &c. Index of Sicilian Ichthyology,
containing 390 species ; 28 new genera, and 45 new
species. Pamphlet, 1810, 2 plates.-Price 50 cents.
Specchio delle scienze, &c. Mirror of Sciences, con-
taining above 60 original Tracts. Two volumes, 1814,
2 plates.—Price 2 dollars.
Analysis of Nature, or Survey of the Universe and
the Organized Beings. One vol. 1815.-One dollar.
The Circular Address on Botany and Zoology, (pam-
phlet, 1816,) is given gratis to those who may ask for it.
-

178
He has, likewise, a copy of the two following, rare
Botanical Classical works to dispose of.
Persoon Synopsis Plantarum. Two vols.—Price 10
dollars.
Vitman Summa Plantarum. Six vols. 8vo.-Price
9 dollars.
He offers to exchange any of his works, including
this, and sets of the American Monthly Magazine and
Critical Review, for any work on Natural Sciences,
with the authors thereof, and he will take several
copies of any late or new work, on those conditions.
Should any one send him specimens of plants, from
Louisiana or elsewhere, he will furnish in return their
proper names, or northern plants in exchange. He
invites gentlemen residing in Louisiana and the western
states, to collect every thing they meet, drying the
specimens between sheets of coarse paper : should
they only be superficially acquainted with Botany, by
sending duplicates of their specimens, they may ascer-
tain at once what grows in their neighbourhood, and
make many discoveries.
Such specimens, or any package and letters, must
be sent by private conveyances, and may be left in
New York, at the office of the American Monthly
Magazine, Wall-street.





HERBARIUM

※3000メージ​の​メイ​キラ​メント
​BOOKS
FOR SALE BY
C. WILEY & Co.
LO
Pursh's Flora, 2 vols. 8vo. plates.
Flore Francaise, 6 vols. 8vo, plates.
Lee's Introduction to Botany, 8vo.
Lee's Dictionary of Botanical terms, 8vo.
Martyn's Rousseau's Botany.
Martyn's Language of Botany.
Midland Flora, 2 vols. 8vo. coloured plates.
Botanical Dialogues, 12mo. coloured plates.
Wakefield's Botany, 12mo. coloured plates.
*
Galpin's British Botany.
Woodland Companion, plates.
Kirby's Introduction to Entomology, 2 vols. 8vo.
coloured plates.
Say's American Entomology, 8vo. coloured plates.
704000€