ECCO ( GEOS CCCCCC CSS COCOS SECOS GE CORO (CO SUCCECOCCOLECCE KCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CEC COCACC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC (GOKCE COOK CCCC CCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 3 ( 113 ARTES SCIENTIA LIBRARY VERITAS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN тенок MUSEUM F95 577 TO DAL Tomo DES LA NEREIS BRITANNICA: CONTINENS SPECIES OMNES FUCORUM IN INSULIS BRITANNICIS CRESCENTIUM: DESCRIPTIONE LATINA ET ANGLICA, NECNON ICONIBUS AD VIVUM DEPICTI S. Πολλον δε παρεξ Αλα ΦΥΚΟΣ, Ηom. . 1, 1. 7. AUCTORE J. STACKHOUSE, ARM. Soc. LINN. Socio. 16 F. plumes BATHON IÆ: TYPIS S. HAZARD: SUMPTIBUS AUCTORIS LONDINI Proft: venal: apud J. WHITE, Bibliopol. in Vico FLEET-STREET, MDCCC: NEREIS BRITANNICA: ; CONTAINING ALL THE SPECIES OF FUCI, NATIVES OF THE BRITISH COASTS: WITH A DESCRIPTION IN ENGLISH AND LATIN, AND PLATES COLOURED FROM NATURE. By JOHN STACKHOUSE, Esq. F.L.S. 200203 “ Daananaanan - у L SZ Β Α Τ Η: PRINTED BY S. HAZARD, FOR THE AUTHOR, And Sold by Mr. J. White, Fleet-Street; London. ресс ТИ И АТА- 2 Я И 22 АОО НІГІЯА НЕ ОРНАТИ Ал, сіту. В 20 Малкото а.а LES COLORED EBON VLOBE 26م . в Тони 2LVCHOnPE Его" Еге В SEEDBA? HVAD EO LHE VALHO Beta- w P R E F Α Τ Ι Ο. SPONSALIBUS plantarum marinarum in fecreto habitis Nerzis penè tota, (fi ita dicam) aquis fuis fepulta latuit. Nec mirum, fi ita fe res habet, florente do&rina ſexuali. Claffis xxiv** LINNÆI, ordines iv ample&tetur, qui naturales appellantur: ex his FILICES, MUSCI, et FUNGI, fru&ificatione, et habitu inter fe invicem funt affines; ALGÆ, è contra, genera xil quam maximè inter fe difcrepantia continet. Ordinem hunc, nec modum fructificandi, nec ha- bitum fpecierum deſcribens, levitèr perſtringit cl. Linnæus, animadvertens folummodò " quod etiamnum obſcurè quoad fructificationem latent, præter eas, quæ Michelio debentur." Recentiores Botanici, paulò accuratius rem perpendentes, ALGAS in terreſtres et aquaticas partiti funt; et, fi Naturam fequamur, Ordines duo omninò conſtituendi funt; quorum alter Jungermanniam, Targioniam, Marchantiam, Blafiam, Ricciam, Anthocerum, Lichenem, Tre- mellam et Byffum; alter Fucum, Confervam, et Ulvam amplectetur. Ordine terreſtri præter- miſſo, obſervandum eft plantarum marinarum genera nullis adhuc certis notis definiri. Quod ad Fucos attinet, character ſexualis LINN. Maſc. “Veſiculæ villis intertextæ." Fæm. “Veſiculæ adfperfæ granis immerſis, apice prominulis." “ Semina folitaria." ex Lxx ferè fpeciebus vix x convenit. 1731469- In quibuſdam è grandioribus, et magis notis, fatìs conſpicua apparet duplex fru&ificatio : ad- monendus tamen eſt Lector, veliculas fæmineas haudquaquam conſtantèr in plantâ reperiri, fed ſolummodò tempore fructificandi ; maſculas autem * omni ætate ac tempore adeſſe. Notandum eſt item fibras villoſas, nunc apertas eſſe, nunc tečtas. In F. ferrato (vid. Tab. 1.) urceoli im- merſi in fubſtantiâ folii, fibris villofis ad oras cinguntur: in F. veficuloſo, nodoſo, filiquoſo, &c. fibræ villofae in interiore veficularum grandiorum parte fitæ funt. Fructificatio mucoſa, quandoque granulata, quandoque fimplex, in F. digitato, polyſchide, faccharino, &c. frequentèr apparet; nulla autem (quoad obſervavit) fibrarum veſtigia. In aliis, verrucæ ; in aliis, fructus globofi, pedunculati ; in aliis, grana immerſa in fubftantiá folii con- fpiciuntur; adeò ut necefle eſt genera nova conſtitui. Quamplurima autem, antequam accu- ratè definiantur genera, in re tam fubtili Lynceis oculis inveſtiganda reſtant, А Quo • Vid. notulam præfationi Anglicæ ſubjunctam. Etfi notandum eft veliculas aeriferas in junioribus plantis haud conftanter reperiri ; et fibras, feu villos in ore veficularum aliquando reperiri, aliquando marcellere. + REAUMURTU, ut notat D. VALLY Fuci palmati fuperficiem fibrarum feu villorum fafciculis obteam obſervavit. Vell. Difq. de Pl. Mar. propagatione, P3. et cum fit fuperficie glaberrima, forfan in F. digitato, polyſchide, &c. fibra denuò detegentur. (ii) Quò fubtilior tamen eft inveſtigatio, eò majore opus eft in fpeciebus diſcriminandis induſtria; neque omninò prætermittendæ funt tabulæ ad vivum depictæ. Icones noftratium extant perpau- cæ, et hæ quidem, ſparsim et per intervalla editæ, numerum dimidio totius generis minorem comprehendentes, è quibus antiquiores, rudes admodùm (ne vitioſas dicam) apparent. Præcla- ra in hoc genere edidere Botanici exterarum gentium; opera autem horum, et partu difficilia, nec fine impenfis maximis omninò acquirenda ſunt. Littora è contra Britanniæ, Fucis, Ulvis, et Confervis mirificè abundant, et poft procellas præcipuè tota penè cohors in arenâ projicitur. Hiſce perpenfis, FASCICULUM hunc fpecimen operis, ſemeſtri, vel annuo faltèm intervallo ſuſcipiendi, in lucem emitto, nec dubium eft quin ſpecies omnes, hactenus minùs accuratè de- pinctæ, paullatim in unum conferantur, amicis adjuvantibus, et favente DEO, P R E F A CE. MONG the various claſſes, under which the Vegetable Syſtem has been arranged by Lin- NEUS, the xxıy", or thoſe with * " Flowers inconſpicuous," are certainly the moſt difficult to be aſcertained, for which purpoſe the united aid of Painting and Deſcription is in an eminent de- gree required. While the other Claſſes have attracted in modern times the attention of the Bo- taniſts of this Country in ſuch a manner, as to leave little to deſire further from the Pen or Pen- cil, it is to be lamented, that many individuals of this claſs have been as yet very imperfe&ly deſcribed, and that the reſearches hitherto made have not been fufficient to afford data for di- viding them accurately into Genera. The Families of Fucus, Alga, and Conferva, or “ Sea Weeds," as they are indiſcriminately called, form a very beautiful, as well as intereſting part of this neglected Claſs The firſt Family-Fucus compriſes nearly 1xx ſpecies: the Fructification, as deſcribed by LINN ÆUS, is Male Flowers “BLADDERS ſmooth; hollow, interſperſed within with ſoft hairs." Female Flowers “BLADDERS ſmooth; filled with a pulpy jelly: ſprinkled with grains, prominent at the points." "SEEDS folitary. This monecious character is clearly diſcernible in ſome of the more common forts, but a ve- ry material circumſtance is omitted, viz. that the former is + permanent, and the latter occaſio- nal. The former is likewiſe deſcribed as having the fibres interſperſed within, whereas in fome inſtances they are expoſed to view. The ferrated Fucus (Plate 1.) is an inſtance of the fibrous fructification expoſed: the podded Fucus (Plate II, v1.) is an inſtance of it concealed. This contains the moſt conſiderable number ; but though LINN ÆUS, and our Engliſh Authors, fol. lowing his example, have put this as an eſſential character at the head of the Genus, I have ne- ver been able to trace it in more than vi or x fpecies at the moſt. In the large fucculent Sea Weeds--the Saccharine, Furbelowed, and Fingered, a jelly-like pulp has been obſerved; ſometimes uncovered, and lying in the folds, or wrinkles of the plant; and * See a molt accurate Differtation on this claſs prefixed to Dr. Witbering's Botanical Arrangement, Vol. 3. extra&ed chiefly from Hedwie's Theoria Plant. Crypt. + It may ſeem ftrange to apply the term permanent to the fuppoſed male fruétification, as it is not ſupported by any analogy to other Plants, but it is probable, the fibres may not always be in a joate of impregnation, as we obſerve the Catkins on Harle, and fome other trees. Read- mur, who, though an ingenious, is a fanciful writer, has fuppoſed the male fructification to have fathers, though he could never diſcover them. This does not ſeem effential, no more than that there thould be any Furina. As the elements of Air and Water differ effentially, the impregnation may be effected by a ſubtle vapour. At all events, I only offer my ideas as mere conjecture; though it is fingular, that with- out ever reading Reaumur's Effay previous to the writing this Preface, our remarks as to the Monacious Charailer of fo fmall a number on ly of the genus, Facuz thould fo nearly coincide. (iv) and ſometimes included in a tender pellicle on the ſmooth ſurface of the frond; but no granula- tions, nor the leaſt veftige of the * fibrous proceſs is to be diſcovered. A confiderable propor- tion of the Fuci likewiſe are furniſhed with ſmall, round, dark-coloured granules, either imbed- ded in the ſurface of the frond, or affixed to the ſtem; which mode of fructification has a near reſemblance to that of the fruit-bearing Ulvæ. Pedunculated globules are obſerved in another tribe of theſe plants; and, laſtly, tubercles, or warts, round, flatted, or pointed, of a confi- derable magnitude for the fize of the plant, form a fifth ſpecies of fructification. In the preſent ſtate of our knowledge it is not to be expected, that the internal Economy of theſe different plants, as far as reſpects their fructification, can be aſcertained with any tolerable degree of accuracy; though it is to be hoped that much may yet be done with the aid of ſtrong mag- nifiers on the recent plants. We may, however, conclude from what has been already aſcertain- ed, that the Linnæan character of the genus does not hold good with reſpect to the plants of the four laſt deſcriptions, and thoſe plants compriſe at leaſt four fifths of the whole number. As far as regards Ulva and Conferva, the Linnean character is ſtill more vague; but as none of theſe families form a part of the preſent publication, I ſhall forbear entering upon the ſubject; more particularly as a very accurate fynoptic table of the genus Ulva is prepared by my Friend MR. WOODWARD, and laid before the Linnæan Society, which will throw conſiderable light on the ſubject. This new arrangement is to be accompanied with deſcriptions of fome newly diſcovered ſpecies. Nor ought I here to omit that this Gentleman, in conjunction with Dr. GOODENOUGH, is engaged in arranging and deſcribing the genus Fucus. This talk being un- dertaken by two Gentlemen, ſo eminently converſant with thoſe plants, when taken freſh from the ſea, and favoured with a free acceſs to the Herbaria of ancient and modern Collectors, will doubtleſs clear up much of the confuſion, which has been introduced by erroneous references, and truſting too much to verbal deſcription. Nothing furely can contribute towards a general knowledge of a Family of plants ſo much, as accurately aſcertaining the individuals, of which it is compoſed, and indeed, this ought to precede the eſtabliſhment of an eſſential character. Though fo little has hitherto, comparatively, been publiſhed on the Marine Plants by Britiſh Authors, no country in the world more abounds with them than the ſhores of the Iſland we inha- bit: the more beautiful kinds diſplay themſelves in pictures, as we walk on the ſands, while the larger ones are frequently detached from the entangled maſs, when the weather is moderate, and ſeem to ſolicit a place in the Herbarium of the Naturaliſt. It muſt not be denied, however, that the entanglements and lacerations of the more tender forts, occaſioned by the turbulence of the element which gives them birth, are productive of a degree of chagrin, which is hardly com- penſated by the pleaſure received from the more perfect fpecimens. With reſpect to the execution of the preſent Work, it is neceſſary to obſerve that both the drawings and deſcriptions have been taken from ſpecimens freſh from the Sea; and, as the moſt eligible * Since writing the above I find fibres have been obſerved by Reaumur on the Palmated F. whoſe ſurface is ſmooth and poliſhed as the Plants I am treating of. Sec Velley's Inq. ( (v eligible mode of diſplaying them on paper previous to drying, may not be generally known, I ſhall take the liberty of fubjoining it. For this purpoſe a clean piece of writing paper muſt be procured of the ſize of the plant, which muſt be placed at the bottom of a foup plate, or larger diſh, as may be neceſſary, and flooded with water to the depth of an inch, or more. When this is done, the ſpecimen muſt be placed in the water, having been firſt waſhed in repeated changes of water to clear it of fand, and other impurities. The plant will immediately affume its natural form, and habit of growth; which may be gently aſſiſted by a large needle faſtened to a pencil-ſtick, or any other ſharp inſtrument. When the ſpecimen is in a poſition to pleaſe the eye, the water muſt be drained off by a gentle inclination of the plate, till it fettles on the paper. In this ſtate it muſt be removed, without ſuffering the paper to dry, and placed in a quire of blotting paper, under a gentle preſſure of books, if no Botanic preſs is at hand. The following day, or within the ſpace of a few hours in the larger ſpecimens, the plant muſt be moved into freſh paper, and in many caſes it will require ſhifting every other day for a fortnight, or longer ; during which time the drier the room is, the leſs danger will there be of the plant getting mouldy: and it is neceſſary to obſerve that ſmooth thin cartridge paper is preferable to blotting paper for the ſubſequent changes. It likewiſe ſhould be noted, that in caſe of any of the jelly-like, clammy fpecies which adhere to paper being preſerved dry, the operation muſt be ef- fected by means of oiled paper. The numerous individuals of the genus Fucus have been arranged under vi diviſions, according to the ſtructure of the frond; they likewiſe admit of a diviſion with reſpect to their roots, or ba- ſes-into Fibrous and Agglutinated-and theſe latter may be fubdivided into Rock-plants and Parafites. PENDARVIS, March, 1795. POSTSCRIPT. SINCE this work has been finiſhed, and on my arrival at this place, I have met with a very ingenious Differtation on the Propagation of Sea Plants, written by * a Friend, who by the ac- cidents of War has been ſtationed on the S. Coaſt of England, and who has very ſcientifically employed the leiſure, which his military Profeſſion afforded him, in proſecuting his reſearches in this neglected tribe of Plants. I can truly fay I have received a confiderable degree of inflructi- on from the peruſal of it, as, in addition to his own very accurate obſervations on the recent Plants, he has concentrated and brought together all that has been advanced by the moſt emi- nent foreign Botaniſts on this intricate fubje&t. My opinion reſpecting the fructification of theſe Plants is expreſſed above, together with the neceſſity that appears to me of forming two or three new Genera; my Friend indeed himſelf t intimates as much: but the fuppoſition of GMELIN of uniſexual and aſexual Plants is the moſt unphiloſophic that I could have expected to have B met • Tuomas VELLRY, Eliq. + Se Inquiry into the Propagation of Marine Plants. p. . (vi) met with in this enlightened Age. Let us attend to what Hedwig, the moſt accurate and inde- fatigable inveſtigator of Cryptogamous Plants, lays down as a fundamental maxim in his Theoria. *** As in the Animal Economy, ſo among Vegetables, That which of itſelf produces a plant ſimilar to its Parent, and which we denominate a SEED, moſt indubitably originates from a FLOWER.” In plants, whoſe ſexual parts were ſo ſmall as to elude even microſcopic obſervation unleſs with compound magnifiers, this ardent Naturaliſt has actually raiſed the plants from ſeeds, and + delineated them in the firſt ſtages of their growth. to the bosmol tot i to bun-ion GÆrtner's Treatiſe on Fructification I had never met with, and conſequently the idea of the tubercles, i.e. granules of Fructification in marine plants being merely Gems filled with me- dullary ſubſtance has now for the firſt time offered itſelf to my conſideration. This ſyſtem is lia- ble to the objection made above to the Theory of Gmelin, and, till we ſee a reaſon for Nature adopting a more “fimple Proceſs” in ſubmerſed plants, the fact itſelf can never be admitted. Indeed this ingenious author having arranged the Fuci into more and leſs perfect, i.e. thoſe with ſeeds and thoſe with gems; a reaſon, which might otherwiſe be aſſigned for this Proceſs --- their I fubmerfion, muſt be at once given up. It muſt be acknowledged that many proceſſes of Nature are hidden from us owing to the im- perfection of our ſenſes. The ſeeds of the cruſtaceous and foliaceous Lichens, of Byſli, and Fun- gi have been proved to owe their origin to a previous operation of two diſtinct organized princi- ples. Theſe minute ſeeds float unperceived in our atmoſphere, and contaminate the air we breathe. Some of theſe ſeeds are carried ſo high in the air as to propagate themſelves on the pin- nacles of Towers, and on the higheſt ſummits of mountains. As theſe impregnations are carried on in our atmoſphere, there can be no reaſon aſſigned for the fimple proceſs of GÆrtner in the marine genera ; and it is more than probable that the || faint cloudy appearance in many of the tranſparent Fuci previous to the formation of the granule is an actual Floreſcence. Much may, and I truſt will be effected by accurate microſcopic obſervation; but it is probable a complete knowledge of the proceſs will never be attained, as in addition to other difficulties attending the uſe of high magnifiers, it is more than probable in marine ſubjects that the parts might collapſe on being expoſed to the air, or even to the ſtrong light neceſſary for making the obſervations, The remarks made by my Friend on the difference between Sea and Land Plants ariſing from the abſence of roots, ſtructure of the frond, &c. do not hold excluſively. Many of the genus Lichen; the Tremellæ, Byffi, &c. grow likewiſe by Adhefion to the naked Rock. In fact, the growth of Plants is a filent, but ftupendous operation of Nature: when we reflect on the fize of the * "Veluti omnis proles animantium non nifi generationis actu fit, i. e, combinatione fexualium facultatum pro fimili corpore producendo : fic vegetabilium, id, e quo ſponte fua femile illo vegetabili de quo venerat pullulat, atque exerefcit femen propriè di&um non nifi florum ſequi na ta indubitataque res eft.” Hed. Theor. cap. p. 14. + Hed. Theor. tab. XIV. | Hedwig and Schmidel have diſcovered all the ſexual parts in an entirely ſubmerfed genus-CHARA. Vid. Hed. Theor. p. 125. $ The heavy air, obſervable in Woods, is partly occafioned by the fruiting of ſo many millions of theſe plants which cover the trunks and branches of trees, as well as the bare ſpots of earth, &c. &c. | Velley's Ing. P, 5. (vii) the Oak, which in the lapſe of ages attains its Gigantic Bulk, without drawing from its parent Earth a ſingle particle whoſe fize would hinder its paſſing through the minuteft capillary tube. In- deed Vegetable Life is perfe&ly analogous to Animal, and the veſſels for * abſorbing and throwing off the juices muſt be continued through every part of the former as well as the latter, otherwiſe there could neither be Life nor Growth, and we may confidently affirm with reſpect to the marine plants from the fingle circumſtance of the increaſe of bulk, that the nutricious liquor or fap is as much in a regular and progreſſive ſtate of motion in them as in every other vegetable, though the extreme minuteneſs of the veſſels joined to other local cauſes may preclude us from demonſtrat- ing it by aâual + experiment. As I am perſuaded the era is not diſtant when the Families of theſe marine plants will be proper- ly arranged, and when clear diſtinct eſſential Characters will be prefixed to each : I ſhall cloſe my Obſervations for the preſent, in order to reſume them at ſome future opportunity. * Thoſe who wiſh to make themſelves acquainted with this abftrufe fubje& ſhould read Reichel, Malpighi and Grew on the ſpiral veſſels of Plants, and ſee the ſecretory ducts or Spiracula accurately delineated by Hedwig, tab. 3. Theor. General, &c. + See ſome clegant experiments on theſe minute veſſels extracted from Reichel, Hed. Theor. p. 17. and likewiſe the concluding fentence of this admirable Work. BATH, April, 23, 1795- dan odos os lite PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FRUCTIFICATION OF FUCI. IN CONTINUATION. cel Being EING convinced of the inſufficiency of the common Pillar Microſcope with a ſingle Lens to detect the Syſtem of Fru&ification in Marine Plants, and at the ſame time having a wiſh to clear up fome doubts concerning their internal ſtructure, although by an attentive obſervation of recent plants I had made ſome * diſcoveries on the ſubje&t, I determined to furniſh myſelf with higher magnifying powers. My ſituation within reach of the ſubjects to be examined, and the opportunities I enjoy, likewiſe, of inveſtigating them at all ſeaſons of the year in a growing ſtate, made me entertain well-grounded hopes of adding confiderably to our ſtock of knowledge on this intereſting fubject. I made my firſt experiment on the terminating fruit of the ferrated Fucus, which ſtands at the head of the Genus, and is one of the moſt common fpecies. Having found fome of theſe in maturity, which was evident from their yellow colour, and a fort of femi-tranſparency, and, likewiſe, from the apertures of the external tubercles diſcharging mucus plentifully, I cut out at tranſverſe flice from the middle, and, having pared off the internal ſkin on each ſide of a part of it, I placed the piece on the field of my compound microſcope fitted with the loweſt power (No. 6.). I perceived that the internal fubftance, which appeared gloſſy and colourleſs to the naked eye, was in fact a beautiful network of capillary threads with 1 orbicular maſſes or granules of a different ſubſtance, darker coloured, and not reticulated. Theſe maſſes were ci- ther near the internal coat, or adhering to it, and were furniſhed with five or fix pear-ſhaped ſeeds each. The external tubercles, of which there were five in the piece under examination, had very ſenſible apertures, as viewed under the glaſs, and communicated with the internal pro- ceſs. Having made this diſcovery with my weakeſt power at firſt, to guard againſt optical de- ception, I applied my higheſt powers (No. 1. 2.) to the ſame object: with theſe I plainly perceiv- ed that the reticulated tranſparent fibres, or threads, were in reality tubes forming || meſhes, and interfecting each other; and furniſhed at intervals with tranſparent ſepta, or diviſions. С My • See the Preface to the It Faſciculus. + PL. . A. nat, fize AA magnified. In this fpecies the malles containing feeds are rather elliptical, (See B.) one of them highly magnified. In F. veliculofus and moſt others they are perfectly globular. See C.C. $ PL. 1X. AA. Ia this fpecies the capillary fibres are wavy and interfed each other in oblong mefhes; in the uſual fru&ification of Fuci, where they are not ſo much comprelled, the mothes are ſquare, or hexagonal. ( x ) My next attention was paid to the fruit of the bladder Fucus in the ſame ſtate of maturity. I cut out a * flice containing a part of the external coat, and ſome of the internal clear mucus, which was folid enough to bear cutting, and ſubmitted it to inveſtigation under the different powers abovementioned. The ſame internal ſtructure was viſible, but much more beautifully arranged, which aroſe probably from the fruit having its coats more expanded, and conſe- quently affording more room on the inside. In this, likewiſe, as the cut was made through the external tubercle, the + paſſage from thence to the internal orbicular maſſes was very conſpicu- ous. Having met with F. bifurcatus of Major Velley, the F. tuberculatus of Hudſon, and of the Linnean Tranſactions, in full fruit with the ſummits beautifully tranſparent, and ſhewing the granules to the naked eye, when held up to the light, I cut the ſummit down lengthways, and took out a ſlice, and ſubmitted it to inveſtigation, and the internal ſtructure was perfectly ana- logous to thoſe before deſcribed. I have had opportunities during the courſe of the laſt year of repeating my experiments on theſe plants at my leiſure, and, likewiſe, of extending them to the fruit-pods of the kindred ſpecies—F. nodoſus, F. Spiralis, F. canaliculatus, &c. I purſued the fame mode of cutting a tranſverſe flice from the middle of the pod, and was happy to find a perfect analogy in their mode of fructification: the only ſpecific diſtinctions I found, were in the form of the meſhes, in the fize and ſhape of the ſeeds, and in the number contained in each orbicular mals. A ſimilar mode of fructification I obſerved in ſome ſpecies of Fuci, differing widely in habit from thoſe already mentioned, and not having an appropriate fruit-pod. Among theſe are to be reckoned the F.loreus, a fucculent plant with maſſes of feeds, and internal tubercles throughout its whole length. This plant, on having tranſverſe ſlices cut through it, ſhews the tubular orga- nization and the maſſes of ſeeds, but with this difference, that the tubes, though occaſionally in- terfe&ling each other, are in general flexuous and wavy; the granules, or maffes of feeds in this fpecies contain from three to fix each. F. tamariſcifolius has its fummits above the imbedded bladder pretty much ſwollen at the time of fruiting, and the diffecting knife diſcovers the tubu- lar proceſs, and the maſſes of feeds: F. cæſpitoſus, a very minute fpecies recently diſcover- ed by me, has a ſimilar fructification, and it may fairly be concluded that many of the ſhrubby Fuci do not differ effentially from thoſe already deſcribed. It having been hinted to me from high $ Botanical Authority that the pear-ſhaped bodies def- cribed and figured by me, as they appear in the compound microſcope, might not be real feeds, but only gems, or particles of the medullary ſubſtance of the different plants; as it ſeemed im- poſſible from their extreme minuteneſs to diffect their component parts with ſufficient accuracy, in order to inſure conviệtion, I reſolved to procure, if poſſible, the ſpontaneous diſcharge of the feeds in ſea water, in order to ſubmit them to a more accurate examination. I likewiſe conceived the * See C, nat, fize C. C. highly magnified. + See Fig. C. C. magnified. I See Fig. E, magnified, Sir Joſeph Bankes, Bart. K. B. Preſident of the Royal Society. ( xi) the idea that I might cloſe my experiment by fowing the feeds on fea pebbles, and by alternate immerſions and emerfions procure ſeedling plants from thoſe ſeeds. I ſelected three ſpecies, viz. F. ferratus, * F. canaliculatus, and F. bifurcatus. I carefully detached theſe plants with their baſes uninjured from the rock, and placed them in wide-mouthed glaſs jars, with a change of ſea water every twelve hours. In the courſe of a week I fucceeded in procuring the feeds, which now appeared + oval rather than pear-ſhaped, and, when ripe, burſt afunder tranf- verſely in the middle with an I exploſion: theſe feeds were incloſed in a bright mucus immiſci- ble with ſea water, and likewiſe ſpecifically heavier than it; ſo as to ſerve the double purpoſe of carrying them to the bottom, and of affixing them to the rock when ſettled there by their gravity. This ſpontaneous diſcharge of fimilar ſhaped bodies, all incloſed in a glaſfy mucus, and all opening tranſverſely, would hardly have needed the additional corroboration of cauſing them to vegetate in order to evince their being actual feeds; this, however, I likewiſe happily accompliſhed 5. My Friend Major Velley, in his Inquiry into the Mode of Propagation peculiar to Sea Plants, had noticed that the fruit, or pericarp in F. veſiculoſus, and likewiſe the frutifying fummits * See an accurate repreſentation of this ſpecies with its fructifying fummits in Major Velley's Differt, + See the remark made by Major Velley on the explofion of a minute grain on the fruit pod of F. veſiculofus. See P. IX. F. n. 1. 2. quan 5 As many curious Perſons, who occaſionally vifit Sea-Bathing Places, may be deſirous of aſcertaining theſe fa&s under their own eyes, I fall detail the Experiments I made. Having procured a number of wide-mouthed jars together with a Syphon to draw off the water without thak- ing or diſturbing it, on September 7, 1996, 1 placed my plants carefully in the jars with their bafes downwards, as in their natural ftate; on the following morning I decanted off the ſea water, and, letting it fublide in the bafon, I found a few particles at bottom, which, on being viewed in the microſcope, appeared to be little fragments detached from the ſurface by friction in carriage. I then poured a freſh tity of ſea water on the plants, and placed them in a window facing South ; on the following morning the jar containing the plants of F.com naliculatus diſcharged into the balon a few yellowiſh grains, which, on examining them, I found to be the a&ual feeds of the plant; they were rather oval than pear-ſhaped, but the moſt curious circumſtance attending the obſervation was, that each individual feed was not in con- ta& with the water, but enveloped with a bright mucilaginous fubftance. It was eaſy to gueſs the wife economy of nature in this difpofition, which, as hinted above, ferves a double purpoſe ; each equally neceſſary towards continuing the ſpecies. On the following morning a greater quantity of feeds were diſcharged by this plant, and at this time a few feeds were procured from F. ferratus : but this latter plant dif- charged fuch a quantity of mucous fluid, that the ſea water in which the plant was immerſed was of the confiftence of thin fyrup, and, con- fequently, the feeds being kept ſuſpended, it was difficult to ſeparate them. The feeds of F. canaliculatus, however, were numerous, and viſible to the naked eye, and, after letting the water reſt for a few minutes, it was no difficult matter by gently inclining the baſon to pour off the water, and let the feeds remain. In performing this operation I was witneſs to an explofion or burſting of one of theſe feeds or peri- carps, which agitated the water conſiderably under the microſcope and brought to my recollection the circumſtance mentioned by Major Vel- ley during his inveſtigation of F. veficulofus. I at laſt obtained a diſcharge of feeds likewiſe from F. bifurcatus; theſe perfealy reſembled the others. Having etablished this point, vix, that marine plants ſcatter their feeds in their native element without violence, when ripe, and without awaiting the decay of the frond, I next procured fome fea pebbles and ſmall fragments of rock taken from the beach, and, after hav- ing drained off the greateſt part of the water in the jar, I poured the remainder on the pebbles. I left them dry for ſome time that they might affix themſelves : I then faftened ftrings to them, and alternately funk them in fea water in a wide-mouthed ftone jar, and left them expo- ſed to the air, in order to imitate as nearly as poffible their peculiar fituation between high and low water-mark, and when the weather was rainy I took care to expoſe them to it. In leſs than a week a thin membrane was diſcoverable on the ſurface of the pebble where the feeds had lodged with a naked eye: this gradually extended itſelf, and turned to a darkih olive colour. It continued increaſing in fize till at laſt there appeared mucous papilla, or buds coming up from the membrane: theſe buds when viewed in the glaſs were rather hollow in the cen. tre, from whence a thoot puthed forth: in fome inſtances they ſeemed to riſe on a ſhort thick footfalk, and in this latter cafe reſembled in fome meafure the Peziza-formed feedling of F.lereus (fee Pł. x11. A. B.), and the others without ftems were like the itemleſs Perize • As this is the caſe, it is very fair to infer that the firſt ſtage of the plants of this genous at leaſt is not diffimilar to that which has occafioned fo much furpriſe in the caſe of F. lerous, and that they differ only in fize. . Theſe plants continued to put forth the central foots for ſome time, but their growth was not rapid after the firſt efforts : moſt probably ow. ing to their confined ftuations and, as I was diſtant fix or eight miles from the fea, and had not the opportunity of placing the pebbles in fome ( xii) ſummits of F. ferratus had no perforations through the internal tubercles until the feeds were ripe, and ready to be diſcharged. I had not obſerved this circumſtance, when theſe two fpe- cies were inveſtigated by me in my former FASCICULUS; however, I have had abundant reaſon to be convinced of this fact in the courſe of my obſervations ſubſequent to that time. As the previous impregnation is effected internally, and confined to a particular ſpot, the monæcious character attributed to theſe plants by Reaumur, and adopted by me, with a diffi- dence, notwithſtanding, becoming the intricacy of the ſubject, muſt be totally abandoned. The curious proceſs reſpecting the fruit-pods in the former part of this Eſſay may with rea- fon be ſuppoſed to bear fome analogy to the parts of fructification in Land Plants, and we may ſafely infer that the capillary tubes are fitted to contain an impregnating aura, and that this is communicated to the orbicular maffes, which at firſt appear pellucid, then marked with nebulous ſpots, and, laſtly, diſcover in a more advanced ſtate the perfect feed. In confirmation of this, it is neceſſary to obſerve that the granules compoſing the pollen of land plants may be conſider- ed probably as capſules containing a ſubtle vapour, as they are known to explode. At all events, as the impregnation is effected in perfect feclufion from the ſea, the pencils of fibres in the mouths of the cavities in the fronds of ſome ſpecies, and thoſe threads obſervable in the in- ſide of the air-bladders in others, can have no reference to fructification. With reſpect to thoſe cavities with which all the ſpecies in Linneus's firſt diviſion of the genus abound, and which give the frond a punctured aſpect, as they are found at times with tufts of very fine whitiſh filaments, and at other times deſtitute of them, I made them the ſubject of re- peated inveſtigation under all their different appearances. That they are in part, if not wholly, intended for the diſcharge of a thick, pellucid, mucous fluid, is proved by an eaſy experiment, and the quantity which the plant * exſudes under water is aſtoniſhing. A ſingle plant being put in a ſhallow pan and covered with a pint, or a little more of ſea water, converted the whole in- to a liquor of the conſiſtence of fyrup in the ſpace of twelve hours. The experiment was re- peated on the fame plant with nearly an equal diſcharge for ſeveral fucceffive days. This fluid was found to be ſpecifically heavier than water, and for ſome time immiſcible with it +. Having remarked that the punctured frond of F. ferratus, which exhibited, when dry, tufts of whitiſh filaments, when viewed immerſed in water under the microſcope appeared without any, of thofe pools which are left by the ſea at low water, I diſcontinued the experiment. It is proper to notice in this place how nearly the con- je&ures of our countryman Moriſon approach the truth : " If any one afferts that the Algæ are produced from feed, or ſomething analogous to it, I do not contradi& him; for in ſome plants there ſeems fomething thick and tuberoſe, adhering to the leaves themſelves ; is probable that a viſcous and viſcid humour (if it be merely a humour) is produced in them endued with a ſeminal power." (Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 89.) ---If the viſcous and viſcid humour mentioned by him had been ſubmitted to a microſcope, he would have diſcovered the actual it feed. This cannot ariſe wholly from the decay of the plant, as an ingenious Correſpondent of minc, Mr. Dawſon Turner, has ſuggeſted; it ſeems to take place in a very ſhort time after immerſion. + In order to aſcertain theſe facts I took an infuſion of Cochineal in fpring water, and ſome of the mucous fluid obtained as above, and placing the latter in a drinking glaſs I poured the tinted infufion gently on it, which remained on top, perfectly unmixed; I then reverſed the experi- ( xiii) any, it occurred to me that thoſe filaments might be nothing more than the exſuding mucus hardened and whitened by the fun and air. I fully convinced myſelf of this fact by repeated experiments. The reaſon why theſe plants are ſometimes covered with theſe tufts, and at other times are bare and naked, ariſes from a peculiarity in them, as they at intervals diſcharge plen- tifully, and at other times not, from ſome æconomy of nature at preſent unknown to us. In order to aſcertain how deeply theſe muciferous veſſels were imbedded, I took very thin croſs cuts of the frond of the fame Fucus, taking care to cut through ſome of theſe cavities. Theſe ſlices I placed edgeways on the field of the microſcope armed with my higheſt power, and I found them to be pitcher-Shaped, and rounded at the bottom; and that they extended preciſely to the middle of the ſubſtance of the frond. From this regularity, and confidering that theſe veſſels are found on both ſurfaces, I conjectured that there was a diaphragm, or membrane in the mid- dle. The thinneſs of the frond not admitting the aſcertaining this fact by the inſtrument, it muſt reſt as yet in conjecture. I have, however, detected this membrane in the thick leathery frond of F.digitatus, and, indeed, it ſeems reaſonable to ſuppoſe, as theſe cavities extend preciſely midway through from either ſur- face, and as the frond of marine plants is not diſtinguiſhed, as the leaves of land plants are," by an upper and under ſurface, that the abſorption of the alimentary juices is effected indiſcrimi- nately by either furface, and that this internal t membrane is the channel of communication from the baſe to the ſummit. This tranſverſe cut of the frond exhibited to view, beſides the imbedded muciferous veſſels, a pellucid, colourleſs, organized mucus, appearing to be compo- ſed of roundiſh, or ovate granules; and this, with the two external coats, forms the whole of the frond in by far the greater part of the Fuci, being equally to be met with, though not at all times pellucid, in the thick midribs and ſolid ſtems of the larger Fuci, as in the thinner and more membranaceous fronds of the minute ſpecies. It is remarkable that this internal ſubſtance, which is of ſo ſtiff and horny a texture in the large ſtems of F. digitatus, has notwithſtanding a tendency to foſten and diſſolve in water, and is conſequently no other than the fame mucus a lit- tle more folid. I would not be underſtood to infer that theſe pitcher-ſhaped veſſels in the frond of F. ferratus, veficulofus, &c. are the common organs of abſorption, as they are ſituated at too great diſtances from each other, and are peculiar to a very few ſpecies; whereas the mode of growth is moſt probably analogous in all. I rather think the abſorbent pores of Fuci are infinitely minute, as in land plants, ſituated, however, on each ſurface of the frond; and that theſe pitcher-ſhaped vef- ſels, which puncture over the frond of certain ſpecies, are deſigned as excretory ducts, either to D diſcharge ment, and put the tinted water in the bottom of the glafsfirft, and the mucous liquor in this experiment, being poured on the tinted liquor, fubfided unmixed to the bottom. Leaving the two glaſſes till the following morning, the two fluids began to affimilate, and in a day or two the mixture was complete • This mucus being of a very thick confiftence immediately hardens, as the tide leaves the plants and if a frond is nicely examined even with a common eye-glafs jult as it is taken out of the water, the mucus will be feen exfuding and condenſing into ftrings. + This membrane confifts of reticulated tubes in F. digitatus. ( xiy diſcharge ſuperabundant moiſture in theſe vigorous plants, or to generate a mucous liquor of fome ufe in the element they inhabit. Theſe, however, are conjectures, which future experiments muſt either refute or verify. From the conſiderations abovementioned, it is no leſs certain that the fibrous proceſs on the inſide of the air-bladders in ſeveral ſpecies can have no poſſible reference to fructification. I have ſince the publication of the former FASCICULUS examined theſe bladders on F. veficulofus and nodofus in different ſtages of growth. In the younger bladders the threads are more nume- rous, and matted together like wool; in thoſe more advanced they are fewer, and many of them are extended acroſs the * hollow part from ſide to ſide; in which caſe they have bubbles + of air imbedded in them, like the beads of a necklace. In thoſe which are full-grown, and whoſe ſkins have acquired a proper degree of I elaſticity, there are ſeldom any to be met with, but on the inſide of all of them there are globular incruſtations. The external ſurface of theſe bladders is of the cloſeſt texture, and as it were varniſhed over, which ſeems wiſely contrived to confine the elaſtic vapour, conſidering them in the nature of $ buoys. If this were not ſo, the tender, ſoft ſkins of the infant || air-bladders would certainly collapſe, and we find that as the coats acquire thickneſs, the fibrous proceſs becomes nearly extinct. After theſe diſcuſſions on the Structure and Fructification of Fucus, as far as they regard thoſe plants, which in my opinion ſhould conſtitute the whole of that genus, it will be proper to con- tinue the obſervations and experiments I have made on thoſe fubmarine Plants, which I conſider as forming diſtinct genera, during the interval fince the publication of my former FASCICULUS. I therein hinted that the fructification of theſe plants was more difficult, as the parts were infi- nitely ſmaller. The Anomaly that prevails reſpecting the plants which conſtitute the genus Fu- cus is confeſſed by every Writer, and, however feeble the attempt here made to ſubſtitute a bet- ter arrangement, it is hoped, it may ſtimulate abler Botaniſts to unite their labours in endea- vouring to remove the opprobrium that reſts on this part of the claſs Cryptogamia. FUCUS. FRUCTIFICATION-a jelly-like maſs, with imbedded feed-bearing granules and external conical papillæ-I terminating. This generic character is taken from Fructification, as viſible to the naked eye, or a common eye-glaſs, + See Fig. D. PL. IX, * Mr. Woodward fufpects from this deſcription, that there is a confiderable analogy between theſe fibres and the air veſſels in terreſtrial plants. The bladders at the baſe of an aged plant of F. nodofus are nearly of the thickneſs of the ſole of a ſhoe. From the buoyancy of theſe ſpecies the Bretons, I am informed, have a fingular and very commodious way of procuring large quantities of them for the purpoſes of agriculture. They cut them and collect them at low water, and confining them with ropes, wait the return of the tide, and placing themſelves on the maſs conduct them by long poles to the place of loading, | It muft be obſerved, however, that there is a thin viſcid liquor in the cavities of the infant air-bladders, The ſituation of the fru&ification will form a good generic character between this genus and Ceramium. F. loreus is the only exception. ( xv) eye-glaſs, which it is preſumed is a more proper foundation for a ſyſtem than microſcopic ob- ſervations: fimilarity of Fru&tification unites ſo many in this genus, that no generic character can be taken from the frond as in the following ones. CERAMIUM (GERTNER.). FRUCTIFICATION-a jelly-like maſs, without the feed-bearing granules; internal, univerſal; pa- pillæ inviſible. I have repeatedly examined the plants contained in this genus in all ſtages of their growth. At times large irregular ſhaped + bladders cover the frond, and on cutting tranſverſely through theſe bladders there iſſues a thin mucous fluid quite tranſparent, which appears in the field of the compound microſcope to be compoſed of capillary tubes interfeet- ing each other, though not regularly reticulated, On placing this thin tranfverfe flice edgeways under the glaſs, there appeared numerous fmall bubbles adhering to the in- ner coat of the bladder: when theſe are ſeparated by preſſure from the coat, they re- main unmixed with the other fluid, as being of much greater denſity, and form flat circular maſſes, as they lie on the field of the glaſs. In theſe are to be ſeen by means of high magnifiers extremely minute roundiſh ſpecks. As theſe flat maſſes conſiſt of the ſame bright glaſly denſe mucus, as that which envelopes the ſeeds of the ſpecies already deſcribed, I conjecture that theſe minute ſpecks are the I actual feeds, and that the bright denſe mucus ſurrounding them is to ſerve the double purpoſe of gravitation and agglutination. Should this prove to be the fact, there appears to be a greater analogy between this plant and thoſe before deſcribed than I at firſt imagined. The feeds, when ripe, may be ſeen on the ſurface of the frond at times with very high magnifiers, either diſpoſed in ſmall cluſtered maſſes, or in ſtrait lines interfe&ting each other. Although F. polyſchides, which is included in this family, is often found to have the fame irregular bladders on the frond, yet, as I ſuſpected that the warty protuberances with which the bulb is covered might ſerve a double purpoſe, and occaſionally contain feed, I dif- ſected ſome of thoſe on the upper fide, and found ſeeds imbedded in a clear reticulated mucus. Theſe feeds, or pericarps, were roundiſh, and of a larger fize than thoſe of F. ferratus. CHONDRUSS. FructIFICATION-an ovate rigid imbedded pericarp ||, containing ſeeds in a clear mucus, and prominent in either ſurface. Theſe • The Phyſiological Obſervations detailed above apply to this genus excluſively. + See a. 1. 4. P. 111.It is a doubt whether theſe irregular bladders diſcoverable on the frond of F. digitatus, Bc. are effential to the fruc- tification. Very high magnifiers diſcover, as I before obſerved, when the plant has been out of water, very fmall conical papilla with perfora- tions for the diſcharge of the feed, where no bladders are found, and theſe bladders may be occafioned by the expanſion of ſome elaftie vapour detaching the upper cuticle at the time of impregnation by accident, as I have never ſeen them till the plant has been expoſed on the beach Having macerated fome of the frond in changes of ſea water, I found at the end of a week what I fufpected to be the feeds diſcharged in the water they are extremely minute, and each included in a coat of bright glatly jelly. $ Xodpe-Cartilago. 1 Sce Pk. xt. F. lacerus, 8.8.8. ( xvi) Theſe pericarps are viſible to the naked eye, and are particularly ſenſible to the touch, as they project on each fide from the frond. They contain numerous infinitely ſmall ſeeds. Their internal ſubſtance is a colourleſs mucus compoſed of capillary veſſels, analogous, if examined under very high magnifying powers, to that of the kinds firſt deſcribed, but the ſurface of the frond has no papillæ. Theſe pericarps, when ripe, often burſt afunder, and dif- charge the ſeeds on the ſurface. S P H Æ ROCOCCUS. FRUCTIFICATION—external globular pericarps, adnate or immerſed; Selfile or pedunculate ; containing ſeeds as above. This forms a very numerous genus, as many of the larger ſhrubby ſpecies, and almoſt all the minuter kinds are found to be tubercled, and it does not appear to me that the tubercles being ſometimes internal is a ſufficient reaſon to ſeparate them from this genus, as it may ariſe either from accident, or from the plants not being ſufficiently advanced in maturity * There can be no doubt, however, that this genus, as well as Fucus, as it is here conſtituted, will hereafter be ſeparated into ſeveral diſtinct genera, when the ſyſtem of cryptogamic Botany ſhall have made further advances. In the mean time I have thought proper in the + enumeration of the ſpecies to follow the arrangement laid down by Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward in their Synoptic Table + CHORD A. FRUCTIFICATION-a mucous fluid in the hollow part of a cylindrical frond, with naked ſeeds affix- ed inwardly. This genus is not numerous: the principal one F. filum is a ſingular plant, as will be ſeen by the deſcription of it in this FASCICULUS. It is neceſſary to obſerve that the mention of the feeds in the generic deſcription of this, and the other genera is not ſtrictly confonant to the Rule laid down above, as it requires a pretty good eye-glaſs at leaſt to perceive them. The detailed account of the diſſection of this plant under the article F. filum will ſerve as an additional illuſ- tration of this genus. CODI U M. FRUCTIFICATION-inviſible; frond roundiſh; Soft and Spungy, when wet ; velvety, when dry. I have * F. articulatus and coccineus have both external, and imbedded tubercles. + See the Synoptic Table at the conclufion of the Latin Preface, Linn. Tranf. v. 3. p. 102.--I ought here to notice with proper refpe&t the improved arrangement of Fuci by Dr. Withering in his laſt edi- tion of the Bot. Arr. of Britifh Plants, which is well worthy the attentive perufal of all thoſe who wiſh for a more intimate knowledge of Sea Plants. ( xvii) I have not inſerted Fru&ification in the Generic Character, as it is wholly inviſible except with ſtrong magnifiers, and as the fingularity of the frond is ſuch as not to need it. I have ex- amined it, however, under the compound microfcope ſince the publication of my former Fas- CICULUS, and it appears to be a congeries of tubes ariſing from an internal membrane interwo- ven with and implicated in each other. Theſe tubes feem occaſionally to open and fhut, and near the ſummits are dark-coloured granules, which are doubtleſs the ſeeds t. Beſides the above genera a few anomalous ſpecies ſhould be noticed, as proper to be referred to a future inveſtigation I. Theſe general Obſervations on the diviſions of Fuci, as to the mode of fructification, will I apprehend ſtrike any perſon converſant with marine Botany, as diſtinctions fufficiently obvious to juſtify a departure from the LINNEAN SYSTEM. As to thoſe Gentlemen, who have made theſe plants the obje&t of their particular inveſtigation, it is preſumed they will think they admit of a fill farther ſub-diviſion. It is for their inſpection that I have ventured to arrange the above Synoptic Table, which it is hoped will prove the means of a final and determinate arrange- ment of ſub-marine plants. ang ada The preceding Obſervations having been made by me in a diſtant part of the Kingdom, and the courſe of experiments having commenced immediately after the publication of the former FASCICULUS; I was agreeably ſurpriſed at the fight of a Memoir written by Mr. Correa da Ser- ra, F. R. S. and publiſhed in the Philoſophical Tranſactions for the year 1796. The reaſonings of this very ingenious Naturaliſt on the analogies obſervable in the vegetable and animal king- doms are acute and profound, and well worthy the attentive perufal of thoſe who wiſh to ac- quire a knowledge of the more abſtruſe parts of the ſexual ſyſtem. It will appear from the commencement of my reſearches with a compound microſcope, that I had diſcarded the notion of male organs exiſting in a filamentous proceſs, either in the air-bladders of ſome ſpecies, or the urn-Shaped muciferous pores of others. Mr. Corréa da Serra ſuppoſes the mucus to be actual pollen, reaſoning from the mucilaginous nature of pollen in ſome families of Land Plants. My ſituation affords me no opportunity of examining the plants referred to, which ought to be done under high magnifiers, but it does not ſeem probable that any reſemblance can obtain in the mode of fructification between plants inhabiting different elements, and whoſe fructification at firſt fight is fo totally unlike, merely on account of this mucilaginous pollen. If indeed we go up to the firſt principle of fecundation--the aura ; it will probably be found the ſame in both caſes: in the Land Plant, either attached to, or incloſed in very minute granules, which conſti- E tute • The Utwa decorticata of the Linnean Tranf. v. 3. p. 36, a very curious plant, Mr. Woodward thinks will rank with gemu. Codrum. + See PL. *11. C. c. # F. ligulatus, rubens L. Tr. lichenoides L. Tr. lycopodioides L. Tr. $ In the Apocynta, Orchidea, Bc. to which may be added Potamogeiton natans. See the Differt. Phil. Tranf. 1796, Pt. ad. ( xviii) tute pollen, and which float in our atmoſphere: in the ſubmerſed plant, on the contrary, it feems confined in ſmall capillary tubes, and carefully ſecluded from contact with the water. Theſe tubes are interwoven and furniſhed with ſepta, or partitions, and anaſtomoſes. With reſpect to the aſſertion of Gärtner, that the feeds of Fuci have no coat, my experiments evince that they are furniſhed with a coat, and that this coat burſts aſunder * tranſverſely. This coat, with the clear, glaffy mucus in which the feed is incloſed, ſeems to form the diſk by which the ſeedling plant attaches itſelf. * PL. IX. Fig. F. 1, 2, 3. POSTSCRIPT.ro I cannot conclude this Eſſay without mentioning the Obſervations on the Britiſh Fuci, &c.- a Paper, which has made its appearance in the Third Volume of the Linnean Tranſactions, and which is the joint production of Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward. I* noticed the expectation entertained by the Botanical World on the united labours of two Gentlemen ſo emi- nently qualified for the undertaking, and who, beſides, had free acceſs to the different Libra- ries and Herbaria both public and private. The Catalogue of Britiſh Fuci publiſhed by theſe Gentlemen is enriched with many new ſpecies, and contains accurate, amended ſpecific charac- ters of each, together with very diffuſe Obſervations on the more intricate ones; the whole ar- ranged in a clear and ſyſtematic manner, at leaſt as far as our preſent knowledge of Marine Plants extends; but what will for ever merit the thanks of the Botanical World is the fixing the fluctuating and confuſed Synonyms of ancient Authors on a baſis which cannot hereafter be ſha- ken; and, while we advance daily in the field of Diſcovery, we enjoy the heart-felt ſatisfaction of being aſſured, that the labours of our predeceſſors can no longer miſlead, or confound. • See Preface, p. iv. PendARVIS, Sept 25th, 1797- “ A MAXIMIS EXORSA EST, ET AD MINIMA PROGREDIETUR PHILOSOPHIA." BURNET. ARCHÆOL. PRÆF. , quibus rem adeò fubtilem lente fimplici aggreffus, haud mirum eft fphalmata quamplurima oc- currere. Hiſce igitur perpenfis, et microſcopio, ut vocatur, compofito, et maximè augenti in- ſtructus, Fucorum familiam, illorum faltem in quibus planiora apparebant fructificationis veſti- gia, ad examen revocavi. Portio fru&us F. veficulofi de medio tranſversim fecta imprimis fefe obtulit. Gelatina tenax, et vitri inftar pellucida (ut nudis oculis, et lente modicè augenti conſpiciebatur), opus * tubulofo-reticulatum pulcherrimè exhibuit; granulis orbicularibus feminiferis immerfis, et interiori cutis lateri plerumque affixis. Granula hæc, coloris fub-fuſci, nebulis, vel punctu- lis ab initio notantur ; fructu dein maturo, femina pyriformia, vel faltem oblonga quina, vel fena, in fingulis granulis cernere eſt. Fuci confimiles fructu ſc. mucoſo, terminali; ut F. ſerratus, nodoſus, Spiralis, canaliculatus, &c. fimilem partium ſtructuram exhibent, maculis retium fo- lummodò in diverfis fpeciebus formâ et figurâ inter fe diſcrepantibus. In aliis etiam fpeciebus, ubi nulla extrorsùm apparet fructificatio, haud abfimilis feſe propa- gandi ratio eft. F. loreus, ubique gelatinam reticulatam, granis, vel pericarpiis feminiferis in- tùs ad intervalla difpofitis, cultello tranſversìm, vel longitudinaliter fectus, continuò exhibet. F. tuberculatus, vel bifurcatus, in + apicibus paululum incraffatis (cùm penitùs fit diaphanus) granula feminifera intùs etiam nudis oculis conſpicienda præbet. In apicibus F. I tamariſcifolii, F. cæſpitoſi, aliorumque, fronde cylindricâ vel compreſsâ, grana orbicularia feminibus confer- tis, gelatinamque obſervavimus. In omnibus fupradi&tis fpeciebus notandum eſt, ubi fructifica- tio intùs fita eſt, papillas extrorsùm inveniri, foraminibus nunc apertis, nunc claufis, prout maturitas ſeminum poftulat. Semina per hæc foramina fponte in mari exire, muco, vel gelati- nâ obducta, experimento mihi probatum eft. Novum hoc phænomenon, priores omnes REAUMURII, GMELINI, GÆRTNERI hypotheſes, necnon quæ de monæciâ quarundam fpecierum naturâ in Fasciculo priori afferui, funditùs evertens • Vid. Tab. ix. Fig. B. BB. + Vid. Tab. 1. D. # Vid. Tab. xr. Vid. Experimentum in notulis Præfationi Angliæ fubjunctis, p. xi. (xx) evertens ftatìm mihi fefe obtulit, nec nifi iteratâ inveſtigatione, poft tot illuſtres Viros, oculis omninò fidendum fuit. In omnibus, quas adhuc obfervavi, fpeciebus materies ifta gelatinoſa, et pellucida in interiori frondis parte reperitur: in craffioribus, F. digitato fc. bulbofo, &c. fectione è fron- dis medio tranſversìm decerptâ, oculo inermi; in tenuioribus, armato, patebit. Tubulofa fit necne ab initio materies hæc, vix adhuc pro certo affirmarem, maturâ tamen ætate ſemper conſpiciuntur tubuli retiformes, diſſepimentis ad nodos inſtructi, anaſtomoſantes, et aura fæcun- danti intùs, ut par eſt conjicere, repleti. Nullo igitur fructificationis funguntur officio veſiculæ aëriferæ, quæ in pauciflimis reperiun- tur fpeciebus ; nullo glanduli iſti, in fronde F. veficulofi, ferrati occurrentes, et penicillis fibrofis ad oras cincti. Etfi vero in ſpeciebus enumeratis materies iſta gelatinoſa, retiformis, vel faltem vaſculofa, re- periatur, grana orbicularia ſeminifera in quibuſdam è grandioribus, necnon in omnibus fronde planâ donatis, omninò defunt. F. digitatus, polyſchides, ſaccharinus, edulis, palmatus, &c. &c. femina minutiſſima, et par- vitate fuâ aciem oculorum eludentia niſi tempore opportuno, interiori cutis parti affixa exhibent. F. filum, thrix, flagelliformis ? feminibus etiam nudis, glomeratis, intus affixis gaudent, fron- de tamen adeò diversâ ut neceſſe eſt duo genera diſtincta conſtituere. Veficulas denique aëriferas, quas * olim partem fructificationis maſculam intùs continere ratus ſum, paulò accuratiùs inveſtigavi. Fila diaphana, lucentia, tranſversìm in veſiculis ex- panſa ferè femper in junioribus cernere eft, rarò autem in adultis. Fila hæc + globulis aëris ad intervalla ſcatent, haud rarò fphærularum monilis ad inftar ordinatis. Pars interior quoque ve- ficularum aciculis pellucidis, et tuberculis obducta eſt, unde fufpicari libet modo quodam occul- to aërem, five vaporem elafticum intùs gigni, quo veſicularum latera, alioqui collapfura, diſten- dantur, et intumeſcant. Inveſtigationi Fructificationis Plantarum Marinarum per totum tempus, ex quo FASCICULUS prior in lucem prodierit, unicè intentus, notas et characteres quamplurimos hactenus inobſerva- tos, utpote et fpecies quafdam novas animadverti. Quod ad plantas jam a me deſcriptas attinet, ſummarium adjiciam. FUCUS SERRA TU S. Veſiculas feu vafcula urceoliformia in fronde, queis vim mafculam attribui, folummodò mu- ciferas Vid. Præf. Lat. p.1. + Vid. Fig. 1X. D. ( xxi ciferas eſſe experimentis comprobavi. Fructificationis partes fingulas in interiori apicis intu- meſcentis parte fitas, ut in microſcopio compofito exhibentur, in Præfatione Anglicâ fatis copi- osè expofui, atque + iconibus illuſtravi. Var. B.-Occurrit mihi nuperrimè in Cornubia juxta St. Ives oppidum varietas admodum fingularis fronde anguftâ, apicibus prælongis, et margine fimplici, nec ferrato. FUCUS VESICULO SU S. Fibras villofas in interiori veficularum aëriferarum parte accuratiori indagationi lentibuſque compofitis fubjectas, minimè antherarum, vel filamentorum vice fungi certiffimum eft. De ea- rum naturâ itemque partium fru&ificationis in frucu vel pericarpio terminali, vide quæ obſerva- vimus in Præfatione Anglica 1 Varietates hujus fpeciei accuratiſſimè notavit D. WITHERING S, M. D. FUCUS DIGITA TU S. Sectio tranſverſa craffæ admodùm frondis fpeciei hujus ſtructuram internam prorsùs fingula- rem exhibet. Membrana intermedia retiformis totam frondem percurrit, fubftantiâ pellucida vaſculosâ, utrinque, inter membranam, et cuticulam externam, pofitâ. Hinc abundè patebit fuc- cum a porulis in fronde abſorptum, tubulis, ex quibus conftat membrana, per totam plantam facilè propelli pofle, modumque creſcendi haud abfimilem in marinis, ac in plantis terreſtribus obtinere. || Veliculæ irregulares in fronde cultello reclufæ, et microſcopio fubjectæ, globulis inte- riori cutis lateri adhærentibus inftruuntur. Hi, ſuper vitrum effufi, moleculas circulares, a mu- co tenui, quo veſiculæ implentur, ſeparatas, et immixtas formant. In his minutiffima quæ- dam corpuſcula conſpiciuntur, quæ proculdubiò, ſunt ſeminula, vix oculo armato conſpicienda. Mucus quoque tenuis maximè auctus ſtructuram retiformem maculis flexuoſis oftendebat. Pro- vectiore ætate ſeminula matura coloris caftanei in ſuperficie frondis cernere eſt, vel in orbes con- gelta, vel lineis rectis producta, F UCUS POLYS CHIDE S. Tubercula, quibus bulbus in hâc ſpecie obtegitur, in quibuſdam individuis tranſversùm fecta, ſemina muco pellucido obducta oftendunt; unde conjicere libet, veficulas in fronde rariùs pro- F duci. * Præf. Angl. PL. *11. 1. 18. + Tab. 1x, f.A. A A. Vid. Præf. Angl. Pl. *. Dr. Withering': Bot. Arr. of Britiſh Plants, ed. 3. v. 4. p. 85 1 Vid. a, a, a, Ner, Brit. fafc. 1. PL. 111, ( xxii) duci. Semina iſta iis, quæ in F. ferrato et veſiculofo notavimus, grandiora quidem, et pænè orbi- cularia. Radix divaricata et ramofa hujus ſpeciei eodem, ac ceterarum diſci, inftruitur glutine. Notandum eft Fucum hunc a D. D. Goodenough et Woodward E. bulbofum appellari. Lin. Tr. v. 3 D. 153 FUCUS SILIQUO SU S. Seminibus in hâc fpecie detegendis intentus, filiquas complures maturas, ac immaturas ad exa- men revocavi. Structura partium interna in diverſis individuis varia eft: in quibuſdam fila lon- gitudinalia fimplicia cernuntur; in aliis, pars interior cutis aciculis undique cingitur : fepta, quo- que, et cavitates velicularum cryſtallis pellucidis fæpiffimè obtegebantur. Hac partium ſtructu- râ liquet folia hæc filiquarum æmula, veſiculas reverà aëriferas effe, et plantæ in aquâ fuble- vandæ inſervire. Fructificationem nuperrimè detexit et mihi mandavit D. Turner planta- rum maritimarum ſcrutator auſpicatiſſimus. Forma fructus oblongo-ovata, et acuminata eft. Fructificatio interior ut in F. veſiculofo et congeribus *; juxta YARMOUTH plantæ fructiferæ, ut mihi mandat, fatìs copiosè reperiuntur. FUCUS SPIRALIS. Tubercula externa in fructu F. Spiralis maximè prominent. Fructus quoque in ficco relic- tus, penicillis † muci exſudantis, et fole indurati obtectus, formam echinatam præ fe fert. For- ma fructûs varia ; rotundiuſcula, oblonga, bicornis. FUCUS T O M E N T O SU S. Planta hæc microſcopio compofito ſubjecta ſtructuram partium Fucis diffimilimam exhibet. E tubulis intertextis, et membranæ interiori affixis conftat. Tubuli hi, ore nunc aperto, nunc clauſo, provectiore ætate ad apices ramulorum evolvuntur, et marceſcunt. Seminula in medio tubulorum confpicua, coloris fub-nigri; in fingulis, ut videtur, fingula 1 FUCUS PLI CAT U S. Recentem, ex quo prodierit FASCICULUS prior, fpeciem hanc, ad rupes imis maris receſſibus in ficco relictam, obſervavi. Subſtantia, etiam in plantâ vivâ, lignea eſt et tenax ; fructum ver- rucoſum * In Aa. Linn. v. 3. p. 125. ſeminum in filiquis repertorum mentio fit. Siliquæ fru&iferæ ad apices ramulorum fitæ funt diffepimento unico longitudinali ; congeries feminum minutiffimorum intùs reperiebantur. + Vide quæ obfervavi de penicillis iftis fupra, Vid. PL. 211. C.C.CC6-Generi novo, fub nomine Codi, una cum Ulvâ decorticatâ D. Woodward (L. Tr. v. 3. p. 55.) in enumeratio- ne generum refertur F. tomentofus. p. xvii. ( xxiii) rucoſum lateralem, apiceſque incraſſatos, et feminiferos nuper detexi*. Color plantæ recentis ad bafim fuſco-purpureus, fupernè olivaceus. FUCUS ACULE A TUS. p. 24. Baſis plantæ craſſa, et quafi fpongioſa eſt; caulis verò ad bafim cortice ligneo obductus : ſub- ftantia interna diaphana, vafculofa. FUCUS ARTICULATUS. p. 28. Suſpicor plurimas eſſe varietates ; fructificationem faltem nunc exſertam, nunc innatam ef- ſe conſtat: Specimen unicum faltem fru&u pedunculato juxta PENSANCE oppidum collegi. FUCUS RUBENS. Species hæc a D.D. Goodenough et Woodward F. finuofi nomen obtinuit; F. prolifero D. LIGHTFOOT, qui idem eſt ac F. criſpus HUDSONI, in Herbario LINNEANO conſervato, nomenque F. rubentis præoccupante. FUCUS FASTIGIA TU S. Varietas major noftra coloris olivacei apud D. D. Goodenough et WOODWARD, F. Lumbricalis ; minor, F.radiatus nuncupatur : fpecies radicibus necnon, et fructificatione, diſtinc- tiſſimæ. Illarum deſcriptiones ſpecificas, necnon F. faftigiati LINNEANI, operæ pretium erit ac- curatiùs perpendere. FUCUS VERRUCOSUS. Species hæc quoque fide Herbarü LINNEANI nomen triviale Hudson abrogavit, F.confervoi- dis affumpfit; haud fcio tamen an F. albidus D. Hudson. huc referendus fit. Forſan haud abs re foret numerofiffimam Fucorum familiam, quum adeò ex omnium conſen- ſu fit anomala, in nova quædam genera diſtribuere, notis præcipuè a Fructificatione, prout ocu- lo inermi apparet, fumptis. * Fractum femi-globoſum lateralem apices etiam quandoque incraffatos, et forfan fructiferos, oblervavit nuperrimè D. WOODWARD. SYNOPSIS ( xxiv) ( SYNOPSIS GENERU M. FUCUS. SPHEROCOCCUS. CHAR. GEN.-Granula feminifera fub-orbicularia ; adnata, vel Char. Gen.-Fructificatio mucoſa, pellucida : granulis fub- orbicularibus feminiferis intùs : papillis conicis foratis ex- immerſa ; feffilia, vel pedunculata. tus-terminalis. CHORD A. CERAMIU M. CHAR. Gen.-Fructificatio mucoſa in cavitate frondis cylindri- CHAR. GEN.-Fructificatio mucoſa, pellucida, fine granulis fe- cæ: feminulis glomeratis, nudis, cuti adhærentibus. miniferis : papillis inviſibilibus-per totam frondem. CODI U M. CHONDRU S. CHAR. GEN.-Fructificatio in tubulis implicatis---frons cylin- drico-compreffa ; ftatu madido, ſpongiformis; ficco, to- CHAR. Gen.-Pericarpium, ovatum immerſum, utrinque pro- minens; feminulis intus in muco pellucido. mentofa. FUCUS. CHONDRU S. . 1 1 1 1 1 . * Fruftificatione ex fertá. F. ferratus, veficulofus, inflatus, var. volubilis, var. divaricatus, var. ſpiralis, nodoſus, ceranoides, a canaliculatus, filiquofus, filiculofus, b cæſpitofus. ** Fructificatione innata. F. tamariſcifolius, 1 c 1 1 1 1 C. criſpus, ceranoides, lacerus, ſtellatus, echinatus, mamillofus. SPHÆROCOCCUS. foliis deftinatis. S. fanguineus, finuoſus, hypogloſſum, ovalis, ſedoides, dalyphyllus, membranifolius, m ** ſtipite medium folium percur- rente. S. alatus. *** fronde planá avenia. S. laceratus, bifidus, ciliatus, jubatus, pinnatifidus, ofmunda. + **** fronde hinc canaliculata. S. patens. ***** fronde compreſsão S. corneus, gigartinus, coronopifolius, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 bifurcatus, loreus, abrotanifolius, barbatus, granulatus, fæniculaceus, fibrofus, coccineus, plumoſus, obtufus, . * aculeatus. I ****** fronde teriti. S. faftigiatus, radiatus, kaliformis, confervoides, albidus? fubfufcus, pedunculatus, aſparagoides, tenuiffimus, articulatus, opuntia, pinaſtroides, variabilis. amphibius, plicatus. CHORDA. C. filum, flagelliformis ? bb thrix. natans. CERAMIU M. C. faccharinum, bulbofum, digitatum, edule, palmatum, phyllitis, eſculentum, CODI U M. C. tomentofum. Species fruttificatione anomalá. F. ligulatus, rubens ? lycopodioides, de lichenpides, membranifolius, pufillus, es N O T Æ. • fide Herb. Linn. vid. Act. Soc. Linn, five L. Tr. v. 3. p. 149. nov. fp. tab. X1. . nov. ſp. tab. x11. & F. cricoides, L. Tr. v. 3. p. 130. vid. Fr. auctam. tab. XIT. e F. tuberculatus Hudſoni et L.Tr. v. 3. p. 198. Sex quæ fequuntur fpecies habitu F. amarilcifolio affines, Fuco potius quam Ceramic forfan referendæ funt. ► nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 131. * F. polyſchides Hudſoni. Frucificatio forfan in veficulis. vid. tab. ix. Species hæc in teretem, et tetra- gonum dividitur, L. Tr. v. 3. p. 149. * nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 174. af. finis planta, fructu tamen in medio mamillarum, nec utrin- que prominens, ut in ceteris. 1 F. rubens Hudſoni, &c. pericar- pia in fronde aliquando obfer- vavit D. Woodward, unde ondro forfan melius affoci- andus foret, utpote et F. lan- guineus, &c. nov. [p. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 120. una cum figura, * nov, ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 162. unà cum Fig. + nov. ſp. tab. xi. • nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 183. ico- ne adjuncta. nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 185 Fru&ificationem duplicem obſer- vavit D. Woodward, in hac planta innatam et exſertam idem obſervavi in F.articulato. Haud fcio an fpecies hæc fit ca- dem ac fpecies a D. Velley de- lineata. Fructus F. acul. ling. admodum : haud fcio an femina intus con- tineantur, vel extus, ut in fra. graria. . nov. fp. L. Tr. v. 320. 202. nov. ſp. L.T. v. 3. p. 206. ico- ne adjuncta. Fucus verrucofus Hudſoni, nomine ex Herb. Linn. fumpto. W nov. [p. vide icon. L. Tr. v. 1. P. 131. una cum defcriptione fructificationis racemofi, nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 2. p.29. tabu- lâ adjun&a. nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 215. tab. adj. * Duplicem in hac fpecie fru&ifica- tionem, exfertam fe. et inna- tam, nuper detexi. ** nov. ſp. L. Tr. v. 3. p. 219, 9 F. incurvus D. Hudí. 55 F, flagelliformis, D. Lightfoot, F. confervoidi refertur, L.Tr. « Granula D. Lightfoot forfan ni- hil aliud funt quam foliola convoluta. Fructificatio forfan eadem ac E. pinaftroidi. ** Species fingularis, Licheni quam Fuco affinior. L. Tr. v. 3. Pe 191. nov, ſpec. tab. VI. 5* ib. PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FRUCTIFICATION OF FUCI. . IN CONTINUATION oni A CONSIDERABLE Interval has elapfed fince the Publication of my Second Faſci- culus. This Delay has been occaſioned partly by the arduous nature of the Under- taking, and partly by the remoteneſs of my ſituation. This Interval, however, not- withſtanding any ſeeming inattention to the Public on my part, has not been miſemployed by me. I have been enabled very carefully to reviſe and correct what I have already publiſhed, and, what is a far more important Object, I have purſued my Inveſtigations on the different Species of Fuci, during their reſpective ſeaſons of Fructification in fucceeding years. The preſent Faſciculus, together with the Appendix, * contains all the Species compriſed under Genus Fucus, which have been hitherto diſcovered in the Britiſh Iſlands; and will terminate, for the preſent at leaſt, a Work, which cogent reaſons have induced me to contract. + I have availed myſelf of all the aſſiſtance which a perſonal Examination of the Linnean Herbarium, the Horti Sicci of Dr. DILLENIUS and Bobart at Oxford, and the copious and ſcientific collections of Meſſrs. WOODWARD, Turner, PITCHFORD, and Wigg made on the Norfolk Coaſt, as likewiſe the communications of my various Correſpondents and Friends in other parts of the Kingdom could afford me, in order, as much as pollible, to ſettle every diſputed point. I have it likewiſe in my power to add a Liſt of ſome foreign Synonyms that have not yet made their appearance in our language. Profeſſor Esper has publiſhed a work at Nurem- Berg entitled Icones Fucorum cum characteribus ſyſtematicis, ſynonimis AUCTORUM, et def- criptionibus novarum ſpecierum, 1798. This work does not furniſh much original matter def- criptive of the habits of the different Species, but is very copious in Synonyms, and the Au- thor's Plates are in many caſes characteriſtic, but with that degree of ſtiffneſs which is unavoi- dable in copying dried Specimens. The learned Profeſſor does not appear to have ſtudied this Genus in its growing flate, and what ſeems extraordinary in the preſent times, he difcards all inveſtigation into its Phyſiology: indeed the exiſtence of feeds is in one place doubted by him. As many Species have been recently, and very accurately delineated, it would have added greatly to the Price of this work, if I had given them de neve. However, for the accommodation of thoſe, who are not in poflellion of thoſe Publications, or who may with to have de- lineated Specimens of the whole Genus in one Work, I fhall leave Drawings with the Lady who has coloured the Plates for this Work, of all the Species enumerated in the Appendis, and Sets to bind up with the Work will be ready to be delivered on application to the Publither. + I at firit meant to include CONT**VA and Utva in this work, but the length of time which the Inveſtigation of the prefent Genus has occupied, deters me from the undertaking. I have no doubt of its being executed by fome abler hand. The Confervæ in particular, a very numerous Family, have had very little fcientific pains beſtowed on them : nothing but drawings of their internal ftru&ure under a Microſcope will be capable of illuftrating them fatisfa&orily. Till fuch a work appears, I would adviſe Colle&ors of Marine Plants to delineate in Pencil, or Colours, a ſmall bit under a microſcope to thew the internal ſtructure, and to lay down the Plant on the Paper underneath. tomonly This Work comes out in Faſsivuta : the first contains 22 Species ; the fecond 33: two are in my poffeffion, and a third is fince pub- Hithed, * Kerne, oder Samen, hat man noch nicht wahrgenommen: andere enthalten eine ſchleimigte Maffe, in welcher aber keine Keime zur Pfortpflanzung zu bemerken waren." Efp. Ic. p. . G I have 2. И ОТуяа ( xxvi 0 0 0 I OIY HT 66 I have been much aſlifted, with reſpect to Fructification, by the “ Calendar of marine Plants," publiſhed by my Friend Mr. Turner, in the Fifth volume of the LINNEAN TRANSACTIONS. Many Species of Fuci do not begin to fru&ify till late in the Autumn, and the proceſs is not ma- ture till the middle of Winter, when moſt marine Botaniſts have quitted the Sea-ſide. This has been the reaſon why the Fructification of many Species has been hitherto unnoticed. I am happy to aſſure my Readers, that they will find this important point very conſiderably elucidated in the following Pages. A circumſtance of a curious nature has occurred in purſuit of theſe inveſtiga- tions. Many Species of Fuci exhibit a remarkable variety in the mode of fructifying. F. arti- GRIB culatus, F. coccineus, F. hypogloſſum, F. incurvus, F. diffuſus, are among the number. Some- Insborg times theſe dimorphous Fructifications, if I may ſo call them, are found on different branches Dil Ya lo of the fame Plant, but more frequently on Specimens from different fhores. This circumſtance 30 on I 90 ot pirra attracted the obſervation of Meſſrs. Goodenough and WOODWARD under the article F. hy- GOOTTO DA VST VIMIA view.bolds pogloſſum, and they ſolicit the attention of future Botaniſts to inveſtigate the cauſe. Dr. SOLAN- boling ondeid Trust DER, in his M. S. in the Bankſian Library, expreſſes a doubt whether they are not male and To Ito roll ovipooletu female of the fame Species. This Idea is combated by the learned Authors of the Differta Pulls smo ibreggi tion, who think both appearances are that of female Fructification—that the granules are the Mona ons toyotib « firſt viſible appearances of the female Fructification, and that fome of them ſwell into tubercles, MOST Om boobni ovsen olsun do “ whilft others are abortiveand diſappear.” They however ſtart an objection as to the local ſituation on to me of theſe different appearances : Linn. Tr. p. 45. My Friend Mr. WOODWARD, in the courfe of O SO DAS TO OPEN TI.ba my correſpondence with him, fuggeſted that the granules are the ripe feed after the Tubercle has 1 POST been burſt and the coats fallen off: but the regularity of their poſition, like the dots on the leaves boog lo noi, of Polypodium forbid that idea. As to the hypotheſis above-mentioned, of the granules becom oluntas robe ing tubercles, it is completely deſtroyed by ſome of my recent diſcoveries, more particularly by 19.1 the fructified Summits of F. coccineus. This ſpecies at times is found with large lateral orbicu- 15101 2 mg lar Tubercles ; * at other times, there is a ſmall panicle generally branching into three or four S. M19 heads, but ſometimes quite racemoſe. I have diſcovered minute granules in theſe branching MEJOR how in ſeed-veſſels ; but my Friend Mr. PIGOTT, who contrived with a part of his Teleſcope a Mi- ago Sud 200g 1000 de croſcope of high powers, affures me that theſe branches are furniſhed with regular rows of blood 1993 dusd Parasan red orbicular granules; and he has favoured me with a ſpecimen wherein many of theſe ſeed- SITI bersal . veſſels appear to have diſcharged their feed, and to have become yellow, and in a ſtate of fa- Sadly ding. I This therefore proves that they are real capſules. The differences in the form of Fructifi- 109,booba oloily cation in F. Pinaſtroides and F. diffufus are not leſs remarkable, as may be ſeen under their rel- pective Articles. Theſe facts are undoubted: but in what manner ſhall we ſolve the difficulty, in reaſoning on the analogy between theſe cryptogamous fructifications, and the economy of Na- ture in the claffes of Land Plants? We muſt have recourſe either to monæcious, or diæcious Fructification, or we muſt admit Fructification of different kinds in one and the fame Species. There are however difficulties attending other genera of cryptogamous Plants. Many Lichens are known to produce ſhields very rarely, though they are propagated as abundantly as thoſe which abound with them-moſt probably from feeds matured on the ſurface without the affiftance of Shields. One inſtance of two different kinds of Flowers, both hermaphrodite, is aſſerted to ob- so See Frontiſpiece. F. coccineus. 2, 2. + See Frontiſpiece. Ditto. b, b, c, c. 1 lb, d, tain ( xxvii) tain in the fame individual Species. Sign'. MARATTI is the Diſcoverer of this Fact, and the in- fiance adduced is the Filix Lonchitis, Doubts have been expreſſed + as to the Fact mentioned in my Note, p. xi, reſpecting the ex- periment of ſowing the ſeeds of F. canaliculatus; and it was fuggeſted, that pebbles which had never been in Sea-water ſhould have been made uſe of. If my ſituation for a proper length of time would have admitted it, I ſhould have gladly repeated the Experiment; but when it is con- ſidered that the pebbles were taken from the beach, where by means of their conſtant friction it was impoſſible for any previous feed to have remained affixed, and that the feeds vegetated on the preciſe ſpot where the drops of water containing the feeds were poured, I think thoſe doubts can no longer be entertained. The feeds of F. veſiculofus, ferratus, and other punctured coriaceous Fuci were found to be pear-ſhaped. I I have fince diſcovered that different Fuci produce differ- ently ſhaped feeds, and from thence furely generic diſtinctions may hereafter be obtained. The ſmooth-ſkinned opaque Fuci have orbicular ſeeds. F. lumbricalis, faftigiatus, &c. have kidney- ſhaped or curvilinear ones, and probably ſtill further diſcoveries will be made towards eſtabliſh- ing Genera. On Inſpection of this and the preceding Faſciculi, the Catalogue of Britiſh Fuci will appear to have increaſed ſince the publication of the Paper of Dr. GOODENOUGH and Mr. Wood- WARD, in the Third Volume of the Linnean Tranſactions; and there can be no doubt but the prefent ardour for marine Botany, and the immenſe extent of Shore we pofſels, will occaſion the diſcovery of many new Species romanas no F. SHERARDI. - This Species, which is the ſubject of the Second Article of this Faſciculus, has been ſeparated by me from F.Spiralis. I to gaidot bi sva baholar Shu on F. VIRIDIS. - This very beautiful Species has been recently found here. It was noticed abroad in the FLORA DANICA, and firſt found on the Engliſh Coaſt, as I am inform- ed, by Sir Thomas FRANKLAND, Bart. The Specimen, from which the Drawing is taken, was communicated by my Friend Mr. Turner, to whoſe indefatigable reſearches the Botanical world, I truſt, will owe many more obligations. ol didi did mix.det soos szeolito Comida venda o mom F. FRUTICULOSUS. - The ſame Gentleman has likewiſe diſcovered F. fruticulo- fus on the Weſtern Coaſt, and as he means to publiſh a Deſcription and Figure of it in the next Volume of the Linnean Tranſactions, it is here given in the Appendix; accompanied however by a Drawing for thoſe who chooſe it from a Specimen of my own. It may be proper to notice, that F. diffuſus, F. Pinafiroides, and F. Lycopodium, have evidently the internal ſtructure of Genus CONFERVA. They are, however, on account of their general reſemblance to Fuci, their fize, and the opacity of their outer ſkin, as well as with proper deference to the au- thority of Dr. GOODENOUGH and Mr. WOODWARD, admitted into the preſent Catalogue. Hoe 10 * Ioh. Fr. MARATTI Liber rariffimus de vera forum exiftentia in plantis dorſiferis. Gottingæ 1790. + Analytical Review. See Tab. IX. B. F. Roru in his " Bemerkungen" advances an opinion, that not a half, and probably not more than a third of the ſpecies of fubmerſed plants, is as yet diſcovered. p. 66. F. TOMEN ( xxviii) 66 F. TOMENTOSUS. Since the publication of my former Faſciculi, I have had an opportunity, in company with Mr. CORREA DA SERRA, of conſulting Olive's ZOOLOGIA ADRIATICA in the Library of Sir Joseph BANKS, Bart. That learned Naturaliſt has formed a Genus, which he calls LAMARKIA, the Species of which are two: ift. L. Burſa * --2d. L Vermillara: the firſt fimple, the ſecond branched. The ſtructure of the Genus confifts, he ſays, of " pellucid bladders or tubes, + hollow, pellucid, and filled with a tranſparent aqueous fluid, together with other minute capillary filaments for the purpoſe of imbibing water, and diſ- charging the feeds, which are at this period eaſily to be diſtinguiſhed ; a ſtructure in which " theſe bladders and filaments are entirely compoſed of a delicate, equable, tranſparent mem- " brane, in texture as in every other eſſential character, reſembling Fucus, and Ulva: a ſtructure, “ which inftead of diffolving and decaying away, grows firm and hardens: which has not the “ leaft portion of animal fubftance, is not endued with ſpontaneous motion, and emits no offen- * five ſmell on being deſtroyed. Its fructification in fine is like that of Genus Fucus, conſiſting “ of globular congeries of feeds in membranaceous pericarps.” The ſecond Species called Lamar- kia Vermillara, is illuſtrated by a Drawing, and there cannot be a doubt that it is our F. tomen- 主 ​di a los oriental on Mbus 1 owadoo logo tato moltoid door F. SELAGINOIDES. was Mellrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD have inſerted this Species in their catalogue on the authority of fragments of plants and imperfect ſpecimens thrown on our coaſt; having never ſeen it, as they acknowledge in a growing ftate. Being well aware of the different appearances of F. Tamariſcifolius 9 in its different ſtages of growth, I then had my doubts of the exiſtence of F. felaginoides as a Britiſh ſpecies. The Gentlemen above-mentioned have ſaid nothing of the imbedded air-bladders in this ſpecies, which are al- ways ſeen previous to the fruiting of the ſummits. Mr. WOODWARD, in the courſe of our cor- reſpondence, has favoured me with a fight of his Specimens of F. Selaginoides, and I have no he- ſitation in pronouncing them fragments of F. tamariſcifolius with the leafits ſwollen at the baſe. Profeſſor Gmelin's Pl. ii. A. called by him F. Abies marina, and which is referred to as a Syno- nym, differs entirely from his verbal deſcription, which Meſſrs. G. and W. acknowledge; as does likewiſe Profeſſor Esper's Tab. xxxi, in his late publication; he has delineated an undoubted ſpe- cimen of F. tamariſcifolius for it. In my viſit ſometime ago to Sir Joseph Banks's Library, I met - borsvoolib slivo il cosmoln om on fronto lo stret bas moito The Aliyenium Burja of Linn. Bauhin, &c. robo no + “ Una fabrica fimpliciffima di null' altro compoſta che d'on puro aggregato di otricelli - cavi, pellucidi, è ripiene d'un fluido traſparen- "ste, aqueo; è ſoltanto munite di altri minimi filamenti capillari deſtinati ad aſſorbire l'aqua, ed a eſpellere i ſemi gia manifeſtamente ricon- ** nofcibili: una fabrica, in cui queſte parti, tutti uniformi, non fono compofe che d'una membrana sottile, equabite, confiftente, lucida, ** ficca, è perfettamente fimile nel teffuto, è in tutte gl'altri charatteri a quelle, onde ſono formati i Fuchi, le CONFERVE, è l' ULVE: fabrica che, in vece de fpappolarfi, è corromperſe refifte è fi ſecca: che non ha la piu piccola portione gelatinoſa vivente, è che, pu- * trifacendofi non da ni odore, ni reſiduo animale, e non paleſa alcun movimento ſpontarico, una fabrica finalmente, che come le Alcue ha i femi globoſi, collocate ne' vaffelini membranofi, componenti tutto il ſuo corpo." Olivi Zool. Adriat. p. 258. 1990 UNPOWD bes . See Tab. x11. C, CC, C. The Author one would imagine had this figure before him. Omonatom bombs asoovi basur UOMO II ought juſt to notice in this place an error of the Engraver in repreſenting ſome dark coloured punctures on the ſurface of this Species, Pl. vir. Its texture ſhould have been delineated ſmooth and velvety. Since the publication of the laſt Faſciculus, this Species has been deli- neated in Engliſh Botany, but nathing is ſaid of its curious fructure, which was deſcribed, Pl. XVII. XXI, and a ſummit delineated by me, Pl. X11. C.C.C. previous to that publication. una Ś F.cricoides. Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 130. with -OT ( xxix) with an inedited Set of Plates of marine Plants and Zoophytes of the late Profeſſor Micheli: among theſe is one inſcribed F. Abies marina Gmel. differing very materially from Pl. ii. A. of that Author, but exactly according with his deſcription. Unfortunately no Letter-preſs, or manufcript, accompanies theſe Plates, to inform us where the Specimen was collected. op F. ROSEUS - - Is a Species recently diſcovered by me on the S. W. Coaft. I had be- fore ſeen it, but not in fructification, and from its naked ftraggling habit I had taken it for the la- cerated ſtem of F. fanguineus. Its beautiful racemofe fructification diſtinguiſhes it readily, when in this ſtate, and it is not unlikely that it fructifies only during the Winter months. Ionly poffefs two or three Specimens ; one of which, however, ſhall be preſented to the LINNEAN SOCIETY. F. CARTILAGINEUS. My much-lamented Friend Dr. WITHERING fent me, ſome time previous to his deceaſe, two Specimens of F.caßenfis, the original F. cartilagineus of LINNEUs, differing greatly in fplendour of tints from the real Cape Specimens, but not unlike the Northern Specimens of Horn-tang, which Esper deſcribes as being of a yellowiſh colour. Theſe ſpecimens had a Label in the Dr's hand-writing " from Freſhwater Bay, I. of Wight." As I underſtood by his Letters, that Mrs. WATT of BIRMINGHAM had ſent him thefe ſpecimens, I had great hopes of adding this Species to the Britiſh Catalogue, eſpecially as I had read in Biſhop GUNNER'S FLOR. NORWEGIÆ, and fince in Profeſſor Esper's work that F. cartilagineus was a native of the Nouch 1 accordingly wrote to that Lady, and ſhe was ſo polite as to furniſh me with a Packet of Sea Weeds in a rough ſtate, collected by her at FRESHWATER Bay, which ſhe informed me, " had been ſubmitted to Dr. WITHERING, who ſelected what he "wanted, and returned the Parcel." Several large Specimens of F.coronopifolius in fructification were among them, which in their dry ſtate appeared horny and cartilaginous, + but not the flighteſt branch of F. cartilagineus. I therefore for the preſent, though with reluctance, omit this elegant Species, not without a hope however from the Dr's Label, and the teſtimony of Mrs. WATT, of his having "ſelected Specimens from her Parcel," that this Native of the Northern Seas will by ſome future Botanilt be added to the Britiſh Species. borong (telligd F. UNDULATUS - Is likewiſe another Species ſeparated from the punctured cori- aceous Fuci. I hope the characteriſtic marks I have enumerated will fufficiently juſtify this Ar- rangement.de F. LONGISSIMUS. - - I have here departed from the Catalogue of Meffrs. Good- ENOUGH and Woodward in arranging theſe Species under three trivials inſtead of two-viz. Confervoides, Longiffimus, and Gracilis. F. COSTATUS, A newly diſcovered membranaceous Fucus, from the coaſt of CORNWALL, having a nerve pervading the frond. Dieſe nordiſche find von gelber Farbe. Eſp. Ic. Fuc. p. 15. + Mr. Hudson formerly miſtook F. coronopifolius for F. cartilagineus, molt probably from this rigid appearance when dry: H E. PAL XXX F. PALLESCENS. - A non-deſcript Paraſitical Species, with a fingular Fructifi- cation. . gail F. DISCORS. -- This Species of Linnets and HoUTTUYN has been diſcovered to be a Native of theſe Iſlands. I collected it at SIDMOUTH ſeveral years ago, and ſent it to Mr. Woodward as an unknown Species. Its Fructification is fingular; this however has not been remarked either by Linneus, HOUTTUYN, or Esper. I do not vouch for this being preciſely the fame Species with Profeffor Esper's F. diſcors, as he deſcribes " two rows of dark " coloured oblong grains" on each ſide of the nerve which pervades the Leaf* when viewed through a Microſcope, which muſt, I think, be ſeeds, and beſides it is to be remarked, that his Pl. xxvi, has no terminal racemoſe fructification. What botas- LISAD i F. GRACILIS. An affinity of F. longiſſimus, fubſtituted in the place of F. albidus, Linn. Tr. from which it materially differs. mis loobnolal ng goals Aliwolby slo gated an edib saya bid to an а потоа F. PALMETTA. - This Species of Profeffor Esper, Pl. Xl, which he has con- founded with F. finuofus, Pl. XLII, is by no means unfrequent in Cornwall. My Friend Mr. Turner very lately diſcovered its Fructification, which has eſtabliſhed the Species. der low all Tollsior ni om bostawao. яой.o11 ликого ktom With reſpect to the cluſters of capillary velfels, or pencils of whitiſh filaments which occupy the ſurface of the frond in F.veficuloſus, ſpiralis, &c. &c. which I had afferted to be ſtrings of exfuding mucus, my Friend Col. Velley has noticed them in a very intereſting Paper, he has juſt publiſhed in the 5th Vol. of the Linn. Trans, in which he purſues the inveſtigation into the nature and propagation of marine Plants. He there aſſerts that “theſe frings are certainly tubes ; that they remain in an unaltered ſtate in the water, and are diſcernible by means of an aquatic Microſcope." of this fact I have no doubt, from the accuracy of my Friend's experi- I had afferted that the maſs of Mucus exſuded in a large veſſel was immiſcible with wa- ter, and proved it by Experiments with tinted water : + I am not in the leaſt inclined to controvert the opinion that theſe whitiſh hairs may be capillary filaments through which this thick mucus ex- ſudes. I I have ſince beſtowed great attention on this ſubject, and, as the fronds of theſe coriace ous Fruci are covered with infinite numbers of theſe pencilled fibres, which are diſcernible even on infant Plants, $ fome wife purpoſe in the economy of Nature is moſt probably intended to be anſwered by them, fructification being out of the queſtion. On this occaſion the Obſervations made by Dr.PriesTLY, in his Treatiſe on Air, Itrike me very forcibly. He ſays that " great svom lo halindeyiz sand doby * " Langſt dieſer Stiele fnd, unter der Vergroferung, doch nur gegen das Licht gehalten, zwey Richen dunkler langlicher Korner." Eſp. 66 ments. Ic. p. 6o. + See Page xii. Rotu, in his generic character of Fucus, ſays theſe pores diſcharge muoxs-poris mucifluis. Bemerk. p. 32. I have thought it right in addition to the repreſentation, Pl. 1, to give a magnified drawing of a tranſverſe fection of the frond (pl. x111. a.) of F. ferratus placed edgeways on the field of the Microſcope ; by which it will appear that the urceolate veſſels, as I obſerved, p. x111, only penetrate to the center of the frond from either ſide. The above ſection is illuftrative of the generic character of Genus Fucus in Rota's Bemerkungen, p. 32. “Veſiculæ aggregatæ in fubftantiâ frondis nidulantes." Theſe Papilla are very numerous even on ſmall ſeedling Plants. I have a ſmall Specimen of F. ferratus, which, though not exceeding an Inch and half in length, has 43 of theſe Papilla. " quantities ( xxxi) "quantities of pure dephlogiſticated air are glven up from the * fummits of Sea Plants, which "ſerve to prevent pure water from becoming putrid : the minute diviſions of the leaves in feve- "ral, and the papilla + in others, ſeem to ſerve a purpoſe hitherto unattended to." Had it fallen in with this ingenious Author's plan to have purſued his inveſtigations on grow- ing Plants, he would have found what immenfe quantities of mucus undoubtedly impreg- nated with this pure air, a ſingle plant will produce; and when we conſider how many thouſand Acres, or rather ſquare Miles of Rock, are covered with theſe Fuci, which, from their tough co- riaceous texture, ſeem leaſt adapted for the food of Fiſhes, and that theſe plants occur chiefly in our harbours, and inlets of freſh water, we can have no doubt that this Theory will admit of an extenſive application. qon Since the Publication of my laſt Faſciculus, I have read with great fatisfaction the Remarks of a celebrated Naturaliſt, Dr. ALBRECHT WILLIAM Roth of BREMEN, on the Study of cryp- togamic Water Plants, I fubſequent to the appearance of his Catalecta Botanica. He has di- vided theſe Plants into Nine Genera.-1. Fueus. 2. CERAMIUM. 3. BATRACHOSPERMUM. 4. CONFERVA. 5. HYDRODICTYON. 6. ULVA. 7. RIVULARIA. 8. TREMELLA. 9. Byssus. $ His generic Character of Fucus is “Veſicles aggregate, imbedded in the fubſtance of the * Frond, furniſhed with mucifluous Pores." || This conciſe and expreſſive deſcription exactly agrees with the ſtructure of the Frond of the punctured coriaceous Fuci deſcribed in my Firſt Faſciculus ; I but the term “aggregate" ſhews the Author meant to apply it to the Fructifica- tion, and he has therefore adopted the Errors of LINNEUs and thoſe of my Firſt Faſciculus, which ſubſequent obſervations under the Microſcope enabled me to detect. The vehicles in the Frond have no reference to Fructification. The raiſed conical Papilla, with a perforation for the diſcharge of the ripe ſeed in the ſummit, has no veficle underneath; it communicates with the “reticulated mucus in which the feed-maſſes are placed." (p. IX. X.) The Author, however, in his obſervations which follow the generic character of Fucus, details with accuracy its true mode of Fructification, p.32,33.--His Second Genus CERAMIUM appears to be a judicious fepa- ration of fome Species from the Genera of Fucus and CONFERVA, under which by different Au- thors they have been arranged. It is defined"Filaments membranaceo-cartilaginous ſomewhat “ geniculated; capſules with generally one feed ſcattered on the outfide of the Branches." p-33. -CONFERVA is defined_" Small Tubes, or herbaceous filaments with granules of Fructification * ſcattered on the inſide coats of the Tube.” The ſubſtance of the Frond, and the ſituation of the feed, are here made the diſcriminating characters; but as there are many of the herbaceous CONFERV, which have external capſules of Fructification, and which are very unlike F. diffu- The Doctor is not accurate in faying "from the ſummits." -Both the ſurfaces give it out through the papilla together with the muce + The Papilla ſeem to be intended by the Doctor to refer to the prominent tubercles in the fructifed fummits which have another office : but his obſervation lofes nothing of its force when applied to the fuperficial Papilla. " Bemerkungen uber das ftudium der cryptogamifchen Waffergewächſe." Hannover, 1796. $ This arrangement reſembles Profeffor GMELIN's, with the addition of N. 2, 3, and 7, as new Genera, I "Veficula aggregatæ in fubftantia Frondis nädulantei, poris mucifuis præditæ." P. 32. 1 I have delincated a tranfverfe fection of the Frond, Pl. m11. a. • See the beginning of Second Preface, p. 1x, and Tab. 1x, AA. CC. It might have been exprefled poſitively, as the Structure in all I have examined, where not impaired by Age, is furnithed with fepta, though not viſible from the opacity of the Skin, • This does not hold with reſpect to F. Pinajtroides, difufus, &c. fus, ( xxxii) ſus, Pinaſtroides, &c. it ſtill feems neceſſary to conſtitute an intermediate Genus.-ULVA, the only remaining Genus with which we have any thing to do, * is defined—"an expanded diapha. “ nous membrane with granules of fructification principally towards the margin, imbedded.” The exiſtence of feeds in Genus Ulva is doubted by Mr. WOODWARD, Linn. Tr. 3. 48, and, if admit- ted, they are by him fuppoſed to be on all parts of the frond. An ingenious conjecture, however, is offered by Dr. Roth for their fituation near the margin, as theſe parts decay firſt, and thereby li- berate the imbedded ſeeds. The definition of Roth naturally excludes the gelatinous and tubular Ulv£ of Mr.Woodward. With reſpect to the ſeeds, they are ſuppoſed by Roti to have fome: thing peculiar about them, as they do not under the higheſt magnifiers exhibit a regular and ap- propriate ſhape, † as is the caſe with the ſeeds of the fame ſpecies in Land vegetables, but ſeem like cartilaginous Germs, I which require the decay of the Frond to enable them to vegetate. The uniformity of colour with the ſkin, in which the ſeeds are imbedded, prevents their being uſually diſcovered il 10 V pingo On reviſing my Synoptic Table after the lapſe of more than Three Years, I beg leave to offer the following Remarks.-Fucus, in a reſtricted ſenſe, would form a clear and diſtinct Genus, from the ftructure of the Frond in Dr. Roth's words, fubftituting feriatim for aggregatæ. This would include my Firſt Diviſion, with the exception of F. nodoſus, filiquoſus, fiiculoſus, and cæſpitoſus.--A Second Genus might be formed from thoſe of ſimilar fructification, but different habit of frond. ||- The Genus, I had denominated in my Table Ceramium, is very different from that of Dr. Roth. Inſtead of the generic character there inſerted, I ſhould wiſh to ſubſti tute one taken from fructification and ſtructure;-ſkin ſmooth, gloſſy, poliſhed on each ſide, with a colourleſs mucus within ; forming together a thick conſiſtent ſubſtance, with the ſeeds very minute, naked, orbicular, of the colour of the ſkin, diſpoſed in patches, or in lines, juſt within the ſurface of the cuticle. I. This Genus, in poliſhed ſurface and mode of Fructification, much reſembles Ulva, and, as Ceramium has been twice occupied, it may be called PALMARIA. --CHONDRUS has a fructification that differs from that of any other in its fimple fate, and wants no alteration : it includes only one Species, F. criſpus with its varieties: but the mami- millous and echinated varieties cannot be included, and indeed in Ray theſe Species are ſepa- rately marked. Bono bazo SPHÆROCCUS of the Synoptic Table, compriſing the globuliform Fuci of Gmelin, is of courſe a numerous Family. No alteration is neceſſary in the Generic Character ; but my obſerva- tions on Fructification enable me to alter the arrangement, and form ſome new Genera. The opaque ſkinned geniculated Species, Pinafroides, diffuſus, Lycopodium, will arrange under Ge- nus CERAMIUM of Roth. Pinnatifidus, and Oſmunda, have naked imbedded feeds, and belong to Genus PALMARIA. Faſtigiatus, and radiatus, with ſome newly diſcovered Fuci which have been arranged, p. 89, from Fructification, will form a clear and diſtinct Genus. F. alatus, finu- * n. 3.--BATRACHOSPUMUM ſeems, though consiſting of not more than 2 Species, to be very judiciouſly conſtituted.-1.7. RIVULARIA has never occurred to me, + The expreffion in German is difficult to tranſlate : " kunſtliche zuſammengeſetzte ſtructur." p. 53. † “ Knoſpenartiger Keime oder Fortsätze (propaginus gemmacex),” p. 53. See Rota, P. 32. Semina in muco retiformi in orbem congefta, fronde lavi complanatâ, ramosa." “Semina minutiflima, orbicularia in maculis irregularibus, vel in lineis in cute, innata ; fronde planâ utrinque læviffimâ, muco intermedio pellucido, membraná retiformi mucum percurrente." oſus, ( xxxiii) ofus, and perhaps many of their affinities, whoſe granules are produced in proceſſes in which they are immerſed, are perhaps improperly called tubercled. I have not been enabled from diſſection to determine whether they are ſingle feeds or pericarps. In all theſe Species which have genuine tubercles or capſules, with a hard external coat, the character as GMELIN well obſerves is clear and diſtinct. Hift. Fuc. p. 27. With reſpect to CODIUM, that Genus has been illuſtrated before from Obſervations made by Olivi, p. 258. The increaſing lights thrown on this ſubject will I doubt not foon enable us to eſtabliſh a more permanent Table of Genera and Species. 22OOL Confidering the interval which has elapſed ſince the appearance of my former Faſciculi, and that my reſearches have been continued during that period, it will be proper to notice under each article the reſult of ſubſequent Obſervations. bodo F. SERRATUS. This Species ſeems to * fruit all the year : I have found its pods in almoſt every month. Profeſſor Esper has figured it in two Plates, but the ſize of his Work only admits of the repreſentation of the ſummits, and his narrow-leaved fort has no fructification. Ini F. VESICULOSUS. I received from Mr. Pigott in July, 1798, fpecimens of this Fucus from Ausr FERRY on the R. Severn. They belonged to Dr. WITHERING's 2d. Diviſion. + At this time the plants ſeemed to be ſhedding their feeds, and the feed-veſſels were covered with an indurated Mucus, of a faffron colour, which brought to my mind the remark made by Mr. CORREA DE SERRA; Phil. Tr. 1796. p. 2. Profeſſor Esper has figured Two Varieties of this Fucus, and likewiſe F. inflatus, the inflation of whoſe fummits I apprehend to be only accidental, and probably preparatory to fructification. I He has given likewiſe F. di- varicatus, which in the arrangement below conſtitutes my 2d. Diviſion of F. veſiculoſus. The particular time of fruiting of this ſpecies is omitted in Mr. Turner's Calendarium, as fuppofing it to be at all times of the year. Indeed I have found its feed-pods during all the Summer, and moſt of the Winter months. F. DIGITATUS. The Papillæ perforated at top are often diſcoverable in this fpe- cies, and particularly after the ſeeds are ſhed, even in dry ſpecimens; but the ſeeds are too mi- nute to be obſerved, unleſs in the form of ſmall blackiſh duſt, under a high magnifier. With us the ſtem is undoubtedly folid, and a tranſverſe flice exhibits concentric circles with a dark pith, Mr. Tekin has published a memoir on the times of fruiting of different Species of Fuci from actual obfervation. I fall avail myſelf of the information it contains in my Table of Synonyms. + Dr. WITHERING's Diviſions of varieties are of uſe in difcriminating the immenfe varieties (if there are not many kindred Species), which are arranged under F. veficulofus , but as the diſtinction is taken from the tubercles, as well as the air-vefſels, it may be better to re- duce and new modify the Diviſions in this manner. Diviſion 1. Bladders in pairs, narrower than the frond; axillary one, folitary, round, or oval. wider than the frond: axillary one triangular. F. divaricatus. 3. Bladders irregular ; three or more in an oblique direction 4. Bladders axillary, fingle; on the frond few or none: in this divilon, when two branches are near together, the axillary bladders appear in pairs; hence Linseus's expreſſion “axillaribus geminis." # This certainly happens in reſpect of F. canaliculatus $ Espen fays "Innen aber ijl er holl :" but whether he ſpeaks of the bulb or ftalk, it is uncertain; but his expreffion as to the branching baſe is very appropriate : " wurtzeln, die ihn els Klammern zur befeſtigung an andere Körper dienen." p. 101. They are certainly not roots, but agglutinated creeperse I or ( xxxiv ) or medulla. Esper has given two Drawings, but he has confounded this and F.bulbolus toge- ther, and made the ftem bigger upwards. * bolloo whaqolgan qiyot boomi ons verla 2 Blade, sol qiraq to bolo un vol law animi919b o moltooi F. BULBOSUS. I have no new Obſervations to make on this Species. Papillo are much more rare than in F. digitatus, but imbedded feed-bearing granules are frequently diſcernible on diſſection in the Knobs on the back of the bulb. do motl old anstholm to od onog otoms dildo on Idara mool foruduob Ilwood did F. SILIQUOSUS. I have found ſince my former publication, fruiting Pods on Specimens of this Plant very frequently during the Winter months; they are eafily to be diftin- guiſhed by the protuberant Papillæ, and the abſence of the tranſverſe bars on the outſide. The infide is like that of the pods of F. veficuloſus. In the months of April and May, they fall off. Profeſſor Esper has figured it without fruit, Pl. viii. uolo I: TH97 lama PETALII F. SPIRALIS.L_- This is well delineated by Esper, Pl. xiv. I have never ſeen a bladder on this Species, though doubtlefs an occaſional one may be found. The protuberant olive ſhape of the terminal Seed-veſſels, and their being always in pairs, are infallible character- iſtic marks. + Lai Tabora 2013 op grobod malo F. PUSILLUS.__ I have fince found this Species on the perpendicular rocks at the Pier at St. Michaels Mount, where it grows in ſuch denſe patches as to collect the fand and ooze. The expanded fummits, though compreſſed, appear through the Microſcope to be fucculent, and when held to the light, of a purple colour, with little blood-coloured granules imbedded. F. SINUOSUS.--See F. RUBENS, Pl. vir. --- I have nothing new to notice reſpecting this Fucus. The HUDSONIAN name of rubens, under which it is deſcribed, p. 18, I here aban- don, which was applied by Linneus to the F. prolifer of Lightfoot; and I here adopt that given by Meſſrs. WOODWARD and GOOD ENOUGH. I Profeſſor Esper, in a very characteriſtic Drawing, Pl. XLII, has given it as a Variety of F. Palmetta. F. SANGUINEUS. Esper has given this Species, Pl. XXXVIII, but inſtead of its uſual ſhort ſtem it has a long one, with leaves ſet on alternately as on a ſpray of laurel. F.PLICATUS. This Species is delineated in Esper's Fuci, Pl. XXXVII, but the principal branches are repreſented larger than the ſecondary ones, which I have never obſerved ; and the branches are not ſufficiently crooked and entangled. • There are doubtleſs many varieties of this Species, as one can hardly imagine ſo great a miſtake would have been committed. + "Fructificationes gemine, terminales, pedunculata, oblonga, crafíiufcula." Linn. Sp. Pl. N.B. The figure and fituation of the Seed- pods in this Species is particularly to be attended to ; they are terminal, and as Rar juſtly obſerves, "breviores et tumidiores quam in pri- “ori," ſc. F.veficulofo. Moriſon's t. 8. f. 10, is referred to as F. ſpiralis, Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 148. but an examination of the Figure will difcover the error, as the fructification is there repreſented neither fwollen, nor altered in ſhape. We owe the rectifying this miſtake to the arrival of the Linnean Herbarium in England. I had noticed it before, p. xxiii. F. ACU- ( xxxv ) F. ACULEATUS. The repreſentation of this Species in Esper's Icones does not reſemble the habit of the growing plant. Few Specimens preſerve their Baſe: In the Collection of Col. Velley I noticed two perfect Plants: the baſe was very ſmall in proportion to the Stem. F. SACCHARINUS. Attending more minutely to the fructification of this Spe- cies, I found in the Winter months that conical Papillæ, with a perforation at top, were viſible on many ſpecimens. Some, which I gathered, February, 1799, had ſhed their feeds, and the apertures had widened confiderably: the feeds, as ſuppoſed, were adhering to the outer coat of the Frond, but fo fmall as to be diſcoverable only as duft, with high magnifying powers. Profeffor Esper has figured this species in two Plates, but they afford no Idea of our + Gigan- tic Var. , Pl. 1x. On examining ſome recent Plants, I diſcovered that the thick welted part in the middle of the frond ferves the purpoſe of, and may be conſidered as, a midrib. It branches off on each ſide in beautiful undulations, from the main ſtem, like the veining of leaves. F. NODOSUS. ------ Profeſſor Esper has delineated this Species in a characteriſtic man- ner, though manifeftly from a dried fpecimen, not in fructification. This generally takes place late in the Autumn, or in the Winter months, and like thoſe of F. filiquoſus, when fully ripe, they drop off; which is the reaſon that they are rarely, if ever, found during the Summer Months. F. LOREUS. The above Author has given two Plates with repreſentations of parts of this Species: Pl. xix, part of the ſummit; Pl. xxxix, the Radices Calycares, as he calls them, or Peziza-ſhaped Baſes. He has collected a variety of Synonyms, but thoſe referring to Ulva pruniformis ſeem out of place, as appears by GUNNER’s Deſcrip. p. 2. p. 89, and by Es- PER's Ic. p. 82. F. FILUM. --- There are fingular miſtakes with reſpect to this ſpecies committed by Profeffor ESPER. His Pl. XXI, which he calls F. filum, Linn. Syft. Nat. p.717, adding as a Sy- nonym the Lagerſtroem. Amæn. Ac. 259, n. 53-the Indian Graſs, which is now known to be an animal Production, is in fact the repreſentation of a Chineſe Land Plant. On the contrary, his Pl. XXII, which he calls F. tendo, Linn. is certainly F. filum, Linn. His Plate repreſents feve- ral coming up from a common Baſe. In that reſpect, as well as in fize, F. filum, Linn. differs from the Species delineated in this work. F. TAMARISCIFOLIUS. Nothing has occurred in addition to the ample account given of this Species-the F. ericoides of Linn. Tr. For the miſtakes concerning this Fucus, fee what has been obſerved under F. felaginoides, p. XXVIII. * Probably every Specimen has not perforated Papillæ : fome may produce their feeds imbedded in the outer ſkin, and others in the mucus of the finuous furrows where LIGHTTOOT diſcovered them. + A ſpecimen of the larget kue, and likewiſe a fructified ſpecimen, are depolited in the Library of the LINNEAN SOCIETY. It is 6 feet long by 9 inches wide. F. OSMUN- ( xxxvi) F. OSMUNDA. This is given by Profeffor ESPER, Pl. LXII, in 6 elegant and appro- priate figures, * though its affinities F. pinnatifidus, var. a,b, tab. xr of this work, which are fo common with us, are omitted. I mentioned that the fructification is internal in F.Oſmunda, p. 48. I have however had opportunities lately of ſeeing this Species more fully fructified, and have delineated a ſummit, Pl. XVI. c, cc. the ſeeds are deeply imbedded in the frond, and when mature they drop out, and as the inſide is pellucid, the cavities left by the feeds falling out appear like holes. This circumſtance ariſes from the ſkin being very thin and tinged with purple ; very pro- bably in the thick-ſkinned opaque Fuci, ſuch as F. palmatus, edulis, &c. a ſimilar fructification may obtain without the ſkin being penetrated through. Darah mo F. LACERUS. ---- The Examination of the Linnean Herbarium has enabled me to correct an error. The Plant delineated and deſcribed by me under this Title is one of the ſpor- tive varieties of F. criſpus. bilmodelo Enteroloq 16 bit alalay an imal doil de do F. STELLATUS. This is likewiſe another variety of the Linnean F. criſpus : they were both deſcribed by Ray as feparate ſpecies. In Hudson and Lightfoot they ap- pear as varieties of F. ceranoides. I have lately received a ſpecimen from CORNWALL, which was more buſhy and echinated than my ſpecimen, Pl. xır: indeed it was crumpled and twiſted into a ball; but the ſummits, on examining them, appeared mammilloſe, ſo as to leave no doubt of its being a variety of F. criſpus. The Specimen and Drawing will be preſented to the Lin- NEAN SOCIETY. F. EDULIS. --- Profeſſor Esper has likewiſe omitted this Fucus, which I formerly obſerved agrees in ſome reſpects with F. dulcis, Gmel. I am not fure it is the ſame plant. F. PALMATUS. Of this Fucus I am perfuaded there are ſeveral ſpecies, to be fe- parated hereafter by attention to fructification. I have in my poſſeſſion one ſpecimen, thickly garniſhed with imbedded orbicular cavities with a raiſed margin. This I ſhall preſent to the Society: its fructification is given, Pl. xv. They ſeem many of them to contain one central feed. In younger leaves of the fame ſpecimen, patches of very minute orbicular granules are to be ſeen. † A var. if not a new ſpecies, of a thin texture and an olive colour, without any pedunculated leaves, or cilia, at the edges, is to be met with at SIDMOUTH in Devon. F. CÆSPITOSUS. I received ſome beautiful ſpecimens of this ſpecies from Mr. Pigott, collected near the Mouth of the River Severn: the tips were inflated, and had pro- jecting perforated, conical, papilla. F. CORNEUS. I delineated Var. B, of Linn. Tr. 3. 181, as the only F. corneus I had met with. The learned Authors of the Diſſertation on Fuci enumerate three Var, intimat- ing the almoſt endleſs gradations of kindred Plants which had occurred to them in their reſearch- es. But, however, with reſpect to the Line to be drawn between Mr. HUDSON'S F. corneus, * N. 4, feems to be a Pinnatifidus. + See Pl. xv, k, 11-m, n. his ( xxxvii ) his Pinnatifidus and Filicinus, I think the two latter are clearly diſcriminated by their ſucculent and almoſt gelatinous texture from F. corneus, which is cartilaginous. Profeſſor ESPER, PI. LXIII, has given F. corneus with the habit of F. criſpus, Linn. though he quotes GMEL. PI. XIV. 3. a very different ſpecies. Meſſrs. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD, on the contrary, omit Gmelin's F.corneus, and quotes his F. Spinoſus, Pl. xvil. f. 3. I incline to think they are right in their conjectures; but this ſpecies requires further elucidation. F. Spinofus, Gmel. F. pectinatus and ptilotus, GUNNER, F. nereideus, Licht. and F.corneus, Ner. Brit. are near- ly allied Species. F. CRISPUS. Profeſſor Esper has figured F. rubens of the Linnean Herbarium, under the Hudſonian name--F. criſpus; and he has referred to GMELIN'S t. xxi. f. 1. which, though called by him F. ciliatus, certainly is F. laciniatus. F. THRIX. I have made no further Obſervations on this species, which ſeems more properly to belong to Genus Ulva, and will arrange under the diviſion of Ulvæ in Mr. WOODWARD'S Catalogue (Linn. Tr. p-3. P-51.) U..., ſubgelatinoſæ; fronde tereti, tubuloſa. * As Profeſſor Gmelin has given a Chemical Analyſis of two Specics of Fucus, differing very greatly in their texture, I thought it would be gratifying to my Readers in the preſent advanced ſtate of Chemical Knowledge, to procure a Friend to undertake the office of analyzing likewife two Species; eſpecially as I had an opportunity of having it done in my own Neighbourhood from Plants of my own direction, by a Gentleman who poſſeſſes a conſiderable ſhare of merit as a Chemift. The whole + proceſs is fubjoined, and will complete what I have to offer on the K Phyfiology • Fucus Byfoides, the only omitted Fucus of the Linn. Tranf. Catalogue, is too decidedly an Ulva to be admitted, + Fucus VEHICULOSUE. 500 Grains of this Fucus Vehiculofus, being expoſed to a red heat for 3 hours, in a coated glaſs re- tort, connected with a receiver and pneumato-chemical apparatus ; produced 267 cubic inches of air, which being agitated for ſome time in lime-water, 137 cubic inches of carbonic acid were abſorbed. The remaining 130 cubic inches contained, by the teft of fulphurat of potaſh, 39 cubic inches of oxygen. The gu cubic inches that remained, and which burned with a blue flame, were mixed at different times with known quantities of oxygen, and fucceflively exploded in a glaſs tube, by means of the electric fpark. They were now reduced to 10 cubic inches, which proved to be azotic gas, (as it inſtantly extinguiſhed a lighted candle) mixed with a femall quantity of carbonic acid gas, which was formed in the dellagration, by the union of a part of the carbone, contained in the hydro-carbonate, with the oxygen There came over into the receiver 228 grains of an almoſt tranſparent liquid, that had a ftrong ſmell of ammonis, and produced copious white fumes when it was held near an open velfel containing muriatic acid, and alſo a thick brown fetid empyreumatic oil, which fwam on the furface of the above liquor, and weighed 54 grains. The above 228 grains were diluted with difilled water, faturated with muriatic acid, and filtered ; and being gently evaporated, there remain- ed in the velle about goo grains of muriat of ammoniac. 90 grains therefore were ammonia, and 138 grains water, including the weight of a ſmall quantity of carbonic acid gas, diſengaged from the ammonia by the addition of the muriatic acid. The charry refiduum in the retort, weighed 136 grains; this was expoſed in a crucible to a heat gradually raiſed to redneſs, when the char- coal was confumed, the faline mals that remained weighed go grains, and was of a dark brown colour ; but after being expoſed to the air for a few hours, it changed to a very dark green colour: its ſolution in hot water was alſo of a green colour ; but when it was cold, it became per- fectly limpid, and had a frong (mell of falphurat of potath. To diſcover the quantity of falphur it contained, diluted nitric acid was added, till the efferveſcence cealed; it was the filtered, and the depoſite on the filter waſhed with a large quantity of difilled water. A dark grey powder remained on the filter, which being dried, weigh- ed 6, 5 grains. When this was expoſed to a gentle heat in a ſmall porcelain erucible, it burnt with a fulphureous flame: when the deflagration ceaſed, the crucible was made red hot what remained weighed a grains. It was of a light reddith brown colour, and proved to be flex, mixed with a ſmall quantity of iron a muriatic acid digeſted on it, gave a blue precipitate with the proffic acid. 30 ( xxxvIII) Phyfiology of Genus Fucus. The reſult under the Retort of two common Species, the one fucculent, the other coriaceous, muſt appear furpriſing: the one containing five-ſixth parts of water, the other not quite one-fourth part: * the one containing only 82,5 cubic inches of dif- ferent gaſes, while the other yields 267 ditto. The Soda in the former was little more than half the quantity of what was found in the latter, and the empyreumatic Oil not more than one-ninth, or ſix to fifty-four. It will be unneceſſary for me to extend my obfervations on theſe compara- tive Analyſes. I cannot, however, conclude without obſerving, that from the above ſtatement it clearly appears that, contrary to the generally received opinion among Farmers, the coriace- ous Species are preferable as manure to the ſucculent ones. With 50 Grains of ſalt, made by carefully burning the weed, were digeſted for an hour in hot diſtilled water, and frequently agitated; it was then filtered. A refiduum of a dark lead colour weighing 17, 5 grains was collected on the filter: this, being thrown into a crucible, heated nearly to redneſs, burnt for a very ſhort time, with a fulphureous flame : after being made red hot, it weighed 15, 8 grains, and was of go a light brown colour. The above filtered liquor, was divided into three equal parts. One part being ſuperſaturated with nitric acid, was left 24 hours in the glaſs, at the end of which time, a precipitate was formed, which Ndo Tortul on weighed about 1 grain, and proved to be fulphur. KISHTE The ſecond part was gently evaporated in a glaſs vefſel, and left 11 grains of a greyifh faline ſubſtance, which I found to be foda united with the fulphuric, muriatic, and carbonic acids. To diſcover the proportion of the two firſt acids ; to the firſt part of the liquid after the re- paration of the fulphur, nitrat of filver was added till it no longer formed a precipitate: it was then filtered, and the muriat of silver when waſhed and dried, weighed 13, 5 grains, which contain about 2, 2 grains of real muriatic acid, The third portion of the liquid was ſuperſaturated with nitric acid : after the fulphur was carefully ſeparated, nitrat of barytes was added as long as it produced a white cloud : the fulphat of barytes when waſhed and dried, weighed 4,5 grains, one third of which 1,5 grains is ful- phuric acid. The above brown earthy reſiduum weighing 15,8 grains, were found to confift of magnefia 14 grains, filex 1,5 grain, and iron 0,3 grain. 500 Grains therefore of the Fucus Veſiculofus, conſiſt of the following fubftances : Grains, Toda 138. Yo Ammoniaci TO 90. laglo i ow Charcoal 86. kalo taldo Empyreumatic oil Soda ; s. ibawo yo lo alt mort Magneſia no olovo I Silex bordo 1, 5. lol fime O, 3 oloty Muriatic acid Sulphuric ditto 4, 5 Sulphur 4, 5. Carbonic acid gas 137 Cubic Inches. 60. Oxygen gas Hydro-carbonate gas Water 14. Iron 6, 5. 39 13. 81 Azotic gas 10 ကံ 267. 495, 8. Lofs 4, 2. . 500. F. DIGITATUS. I treated 500 grains of the Fucus Digitatus exactly in the ſame way, and with the ſame degree of heat, as the Fucus Veficulofus. It yielded 82, 5 cubic inches of air ; 48,5 cubic inches of which were azotic gas, 23 oxygen, and 11 carbonic acid gas. In the receiver was a yellowish coloured liquid, which weighed 427 grains, and a few drops of a thick fetid empyreumatic oil, which funk in the liquid, and weighed 6 grains. The refiduum in the retort weighed 38 grains. The yellowiſh liquor did not change the colour of the acidulated, or common tincture of litmus : nitrat of silver and acetat of lead dropped into it, formed no precipitate. It proves therefore to be pure water, holding a ſmall quantity of empyreumatic oil in folution. The faline maſs left by burning the 38 grains of coal that remained in the retort, weighed 24 grains, and was found to be compoſed of the following ſubſtances : Magneſia 3 grains, filex and iron 0, 5 grains, muriatic acid 9 grains, ſulphur 1,5 grains, and ſoda 10 grains, Contents of 500 Grains of the F. DIGITATUS. Grains. Water 497: Charcoal 14. Soda 10. Muriaticacid with a very ſmall quantity of ſulphuric acid 9. Empyreumatic oil 6. Magneſia 3. Silex and iron O, 5 Sulphur 1, 5- Azotic gas 48,5 Cubic Inches 145 Oxygen gas 23. 7,5 Carbonic acid gas 82, 59 497, 5. Lois 2, S. 500. RIVIERE, near HAYLE, CORNWALL. RICHARD EDWARDS. • This muft ariſe from the great quantity of mucus this ſucculent Species, F. digitatus, contains within its external Coats, '( xxxix ) With reſpect to preſerving Specimens, in addition to what I obſerved before, I beg leave to ſtate, that the larger kinds, both coriaceous and ſucculent, after previous foaking and clearing off the Fluftra, &c. which may be facilitated either by ſoap or acids, ſhould, after a day or two of moderate preffure, according to the circumſtances of the caſe, be bruſhed over with oil of tur- pentine, in which there is a ſlight ſolution of Gum Maſtic, or Oil varniſh from the ſhops; by which, under judicious management, the glofs which they have, when taken out of the water, may be perfectly imitated. I have juſt been favoured with an account of Profeſſor Esper's Third Faſciculus, and beg leave to offer the following remarks on the Species it contains. Pl. lxiv, F. lactuca ; this is E. edulis, Ner. Brit. Pl. lxv, F. acinarius, foreign : Pl. LXVI, F.natans, ditto : Pl. LXVII, F.fi- licinus ; this is not a Britiſh variety: Pl. LXVIII, F. conferuoides-very different from F.confer- voides of this work, or of the Linn. Tr. N.B. F.conferuoides of Hudson and Gmelin ſeem from deſcription to be Conferua verticillata, which is F. hirſutus of Esper, not F. rudis: ſee my Obſervations, p. 97. Pl. lix, F.corniculatus ; foreign. Pl. Lxx, F. canaliculatus ; a variety of F. criſpus. N.B. the channelled frond is very apt to miſlead unexperienced Botaniſts. In the true F. canaliculatus, it prevails through the whole underſide of the frond up to the fructify- ing ſummits; while in many of the varieties of F.criſpus the ſtem is rolled in at the edges, and gives a Pl. ; a variety of F. veſiculoſus. Pl. zxxni, F.canaliculatus, var. this is another variety of F.criſpus, but with the ſegments very narrow. N. B. The remark I have made on F. canaliculatus in the Appendix, viz. that the ſummits have two rows of perforated papillæ, if attended to, will pre- vent future miſtakes. Pl. Lxxiv, F. caprinus ; this Plate is a mixture of F. edulis and F. pal- matus. Pf. LXXV, É. rubens; this is F. palmatus. Pl. LXXVI, F. carnofus ; a Specimen of F. edulis diſcoloured. Pl. LXXVII, F. compreffus; foreign. Pl. LXXVIII, F. uvarius; taken from Jacquin's Collectanea. It is the F. ſedoides of Ner. Brit. and Linn. Tr. the F. ovalis, Hudſ, papirbo and Vermicularis, Gmel. Pl. LXXIX, F. marginalis; foreign. Pl. Lxxx, F. Pſeudo ceranor- des; not ſuppoſed to be a Fucus. Pl. lxxxt, F. fericeus; foreign. Pl. LxxxII, ditto, ditto, Pl. LXXXIII, F. veficulofus; var. Pl. LXXXIV, ditto. Pl. LXXXV. F. concatenatus? PI. LXXXVI, ditto, ditto. Pl. LXXXVII, F. fruticulofus, Jace. On obſerving the miſtakes made in the above Catalogue, it is impoffible not to lament the im- perfeat ſtate of knowledge reſpecting marine plants, which ſeems to prevail even where the great- eſt pains have been taken. The almoſt endleſs variety of habit in different ſpecimens of the fame Species is in a great degree the cauſe of it, as concluſions are formed from a very few, and frequently from ſingle ſpecimens, remote from the place of their growth. I cannot take leave of this ſubject without expreſſing a well-grounded hope from my attention to this Genus at the ſea-ſide, and through all the changes of ſeaſons, as likewiſe from my having viſited all the confide- rable collections of Fuci in this Iſland, and compared ſpecimens and drawings of ſpecimens with each other; that this Work will prove a means of fixing Marine Botany on a more ſecure Baſis, as ſcarcely a ſingle ſpecimen has been deſcribed without adverting to its Fructification, which has been fubmitted either in a recent, or moiſtened ſtate to an inveſtigation under the Microſcope. • See P. v. BATH, May 1oth, 1801. Oood *** 圣 ​Dhara LECTOR I. . dos moitola 19. notaldo qoronto Short bao sio web de ord orollari INSPECTIS Herbariis antiquis, et hodiernis ferè omnibus, quæ in Anglia reperiuntur, Fasci- SHOP CULUM hunc tertium Fucos omnes littorum noſtrorum Indigenas complectentem in lucem emitto. Intervallum temporis, ex quo FASCICULUS ſecundus prodierit, minimè perfectioni ope- - wo obnous bontotoq lo awotowa ris obfuturum, imò quam maximè profuturum, ex inveſtigationibus et itineribus hâc de causâ ſuſceptis fpero equidem ac confido. Quæ in hoc temporis intervallo patefacta ſunt in Præfatio- ne Anglicâ paullò fufiùs annotavi; flagrante adhuc Bello, auctoque fuper modum Chartæ pretio of Thrs. 1571 1 loco OOT eadem hæc Latinè explicare ſuper-vacaneum forè duxi: quamquam quis eſt apud exteras gentes TOT +44 中​中 ​vel modicè Rei Botanicæ peritus, qui Anglicè neſcit ? 11 cod or bloggulo . 11 ob vik19 11 10 onih - old -Jagodi sro svona os anos didyl ons golstabelront loan PIT od 10 atomis ni sideilo i dobre los del navedeni ile button mon batolato anong Jilo bluso ab ക്കാൻ പ vol sole conto Ivory todo lo poslqarli moil tom od samo zido os moisto y mort cobobolowon -obilnog delle besliv galvenais meriti dan dilansowych dla llenguard to Hiw atomiosdl lo utiwstbons and tomobnie broni 26. ili mo s do vetoonitely gaixi lo acom to ad didwestonia และแlราวมา เรโos ไปรยาน รมดเปฝนต Li เราก็ต มหาสารแมว qolori atoa ongilla maun banalliom 10 10ാം 11 12 i be also 10 PZZI DD mor and 22 31 [ 1 ] F U C U S SERRATUS. TAB. 1. FUCUS. fronde plana, dichotoma, ſerrata, ad apices tuberculata. Linn. Syft. p. 811.-Sp. P. 1626.-4. Hift. Ox. 3.648.-Baſt. l. 6. p. 120.---Light. 902.-With. Bot. arr. 3. 242. --Hudſ. 176.-R. Syn. 42.-Gmel. 57.-Aa. Gall. 1711. p. 285. et pars 2" 1772. RADIX irregularis, fubtus plana, agglutinata, CAULIS nodoſus, cartilagineus, FOLIA, plana, punđata, bifurcata, cofta intermedia, 4. FRUCTIFICATIO. Mafc? Veſiculæ glabræ in Fronde ordine regulari immerfæ, ad oras fibrofæ. Fæm? Veſiculæ glabræ, terminales vel laterales, in fru&um mucoſum congeftæ, OBSERVATIONES. PLANTA hæc, omnium vulgatiffima, ferraturis foliorum facilè dignofcitur. E bafi fubrotunda, faxis adhæ- renti, ad altitudinem pedalem, vel fupra, affurgit. Habitus, dichotomus, et divaricatus: latitudo foliorum va- ria, rarò autem uncialis; membranâ ex utrâque coftæ parte, penicillis fibrofis, ordinatìm difpofitis inftru&a. Penicilli hi, fi microſcopium adhibeas, oras urceolorum feminalium ample&untur. Ineunte hyeme, ut obſerva- vi, fummitates foliorum turgeſcunt, tuberculis per totam fuperficiem nullo ordine glomeratis, humore tenaci ſu- perfufis. Vaſcula hæc quoque urceolos referunt, fibris tamen ad oras omninò deſtituta. Obfervandum eft Lin- næum effentialem Fuci characterem monccium effe velle, qui quidem character generi univerſo, ut nunc faltem ordinatur, minimé convenit, villi etiam in hâc fpecie extus apparent, non "intus funt afperfi." L. Gen. Pl. p. 569. Color Plantæ fuſcus et in quibuſdam olivaceus; juxta bafim, niger; fru&us maturus fub-luteus. Etſi fru&us granulatus incipiens in plantis adultis omni ferè tempore confpiciatur, rarò tamen maturefcit, et, ut fuprà notavi, nunquam niſi. hybernis menfibus. Tunc quidem intumeſcit fru&us, et penè totus gelatinofus et fubdi- aphanus evadit, veſiculis prominentibus humore tenaci et liquido fuperfufis. Hab. ad rupes pafſim. • Quoddam fimile evenit in plantis quamplurimis Cryptogamicis. SERRATED F U CUS, PL. I. OR SEA WR A C K.* FUCUS, frond flat, forked, with a midrib; ferrate-toothed: fru&ifications terminating, tubercled . I have added the old Englith name of Sea Wrack in conformity with LionTroor. It originally comprehended the marine plants indir criminately, in the fame manner as ALGA among the Ancients. Projecta vilior Alga." с PLATES [ 2 ] P L A T E S. Hif. Ox. xv. 9. 1.-Baft. op. t. 11. f. 3.-A&t. Gall. 1711. -. 9. f. 10.--ib. 1772. 7. 3. T. . f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9:—Velley's Inqu. T. 1. copt. Fruct. fem.) ROOT, irregular, ſwelling from the baſe of the ftem, flat at bottom. STEM, cartilaginous, knobbed. LEAF, flat, forked, punctured, mid-ribbed. FRUIT, pitcher-ſhaped or ovate veſſels : Male and Female diſtinct. OBSERVATION S. The ſerratures ſufficiently diſtinguiſh this plant, which ſtands at the head of the Genus in the Species Planta- rum of Linnæus, and is, perhaps, the moſt univerſal among them. The leaf appears dotted on each ſide of the mid-rib; theſe dots have pencils of whitiſh hairs. With the aſſiſtance of glaffes theſe dots appear to be urn- Shaped or rather ſemi-ovate veſſels, deep immerſed in the ſubſtance of the leaf and empty at top; their rims frin- ged with ſhining, fibrous, glaſs-like threads. Towards Winter the upper parts of many of the principal leaves, which through the Summer had ſhewn incipient fru&ification, grow turgid, and appear covered with tubercles; they are now mucilaginous, and the colour alters to a dirty yellow. On examining theſe tubercles with a glaſs, they appear of the ſame ſhape as the former, bellying out at bottom, and contracted at the mouth, and overflow- ing with a clear mucous fluid. As one part only of this plant aſſumes this appearance, it ſeems highly probable this is a monæcious plant; the pencilled dots being probably the male, and the mucous tubercles the female fru&ification. Theſe plants, when lying in water, convert it fpeedily into a thick liquor, which probably is generated on the ſurface and may ſerve to convey the impregnating particles from the veſſels on each fide of the mid-rip, to thoſe cluſtered together at the extremities. Lightfoot ſays the Dutch prefer this ſpecies, as being deſtitute of mucous vefſels, for preſerving their crabs and lobſters. He likewiſe ſays it does not abound ſo much with lixivial falts as the other ſpecies. However this and all the larger kinds ſerve a very beneficial purpoſe excluſive of the rich manure they afford; as they are converted by a flow proceſs by fire into Kelp, which is an eſſential ingredient in the making of glaſs. a. A ſlice of the ripe tubercle with the imbedded female veſicles. a. a. The ſame magnified. b. A ſlice of the frond with the pencilled veſicles. b.b. The fame magnified. C. Seeds highly magnified. Hab. common on Rocks, below High-Water mark. • See the note in the Engliſh Preface, and the fortuitous coincidence of opinion in fome reſpects between the Author and a celebrated French Naturalift. p. 111. BO My Friend, Major Velley, has accurately drawn the tubercled fummit of this plant (Pl. 1.), but not conſidering it as moncecious he has omit- ted the pencilled veficles. • There are many circumſtances attending the fruiting of theſe plants, which are yet undiſcovered, the Tamariſk-leaved F. emits at the ſummits a fluid, which is of a faint bluiſh purple. As this is one of the bladder Fuci, and conſequently agreeable to my Theory monacions, may not the oleaginous fluid, in conveying the impregnation, cauſe this appearance ? FUCUS [ 3 ] FU CU S VESICULOSUS. TAB. II. FUCUS, fronde dichotoma, integra ; caule medium folium percurrente, veſiculis fparfis, fruc- tu marſupii-formi, laterali, granulato. (Vide notulam Obſ. Angl. fubjeélam) RADIX, orbicularis, fubtus plana. CAULIS cartilagineus, margine lacero. FOLIA dichotoma, coftata, punata, VESICULÆ aeriferæ nullo ordine ex utrâque coftæ parte, axillaribus folitariis. A. FRUCTIFICATIO. Maſc? In interiore veficularum grandiorum parte, Fæm? Veficulæ rotundiuſculæ, apice perforatæ, muco ſuperfufæ, connaſcentes. OBSERVATIONES. PLANTA, cujus iconem exhibuimus veficulis aeriferis ex utrâque coftæ parte, præfertim fub axillis, inſtruđa eft; quarum pars interior fibris intertexta, et tuberculis lævibus, floris maſculi, ut videtur, fungitur vice. Per maturitatem producitur fru&us lateralis granulatus, gelatinoſus, bicornis, è baſi anguftà ſensim ſeſe dilatans. Li- bet ergo cum cl. LINNæo fufpicari fpeciem hanc quoque monæciam effe. Obfervavimus quoddam fimile in Fuco nodofo, filiquofo, &c. minimè autem in ceteris quamplurimis ejuſdem familiæ. In æftuariis, et vadis ubique occurrit hæc fpecies, una cum, plantis congeneribus ; nec mirum fi per tot horas in ficco reliąæ propriùs habitu terreftribus accedant, quam quæ fub aquis perpetuò fubmerguntur. Mar. gines foliorum rarò undulati, nunquam ferrati, occurrunt: fubftantia, ut in priore, coriacea; altitudo pedalis, vel fuprà. Notandum eſt varietates hujufce Fuci quamplurimas occurrere, inter quas tanta eſt affinitas, ut vix notatu dignæ fint; quæ autem fru&u, et veſicularum ordine conſtantèr inter fe difcrepant, ut fpecies diſtinc- tæ, potiùs quam varietates, contra Gmelini fententiam, ut opinor, recenfendæ funt; fin minùs, emendanda eſt deſcriptio LINN. " veficulis axillaribus geminis, quæ etiam in fyftemate Gmelini occurrit. In tabula D. VELLEY fru&ificationem F. veficulofi exhibente, apices frondis, utpote in F. ferrato, fru&iferi funt, unde cuivis facilè apparebit differentias eſſentiales faltem quoad fru&um variis hujuſce Familiæ Speciebus, vel fi mavis Individuis, ineffe. Hab. in rupibus paffen. • Ex frons punctata fit, ut in F. ferrato obſervavimus, veliculas tamen immerfas, nunquam adhuc obfervavi, fed fibrarum folummodò pennieil. los, adeò ut conjicere libeat interiorem veficularum aeriferarum partem, urceolorum vice fungi. Vide fectionem veficulæ apud D. Velley prorsùs fingularem, t. 1. fig. 3. Res tamen adhuc in incerto eit. FUCUS [ 4 ] BLADDER F U F U CU S, PL. II. OR A O A k. FUCUS. frond, flat, forked, with a mid-rib running through the centre; bladders imbedded without order on each ſide, and in the angles of the branches : Fructification lateral, granulated, purſe-ſhaped." (No ſpecific Plate.) ROOT as in the foregoing ſpecies. STEM cartilaginous, naked, with the membrane lacerated. LEAF mid-ribbed, dichotomous, ſtraddling. BLADDERS, oblong, fmooth, not in pairs. A. FRUCTIFICATION. Mafc ? Bladders reticulated on the inſide with fibres and tubercles. Fem ? Roundiſh veſſels, collected together in a purſe-ſhaped gelatinous fruit. OBSERV A TI O N S. There ſeem to be many varieties of this common plant, and the Linnæan character of " Bladders in pairs" may lead to confuſion. This is a characteriſtic of fome, but by no means of all the varieties. In the plant un- der confideration the air-bladders are found in various parts of the leaf without any determinate order. On cut- ting open theſe bladders, whitiſh, ſhining fibres are viſible to the naked eye furrounding the inner coat, and there are likewiſe fome tubercles diſcernible in the inner ſubſtance of the coat of the bladder. At a more ad- vanced ftate a compreſſed, granulated fruit makes its appearance, laterally near the top, which reſembles in ſome fort a pouch drawn together with the bottom upwards. On conſidering theſe different parts of fructification, the Swediſh Naturalift was, I think, well-founded in conſidering it as monæcious : a character, however, which, as I noted in F. ferratus, obtains only in a few ſpecies. Lightfoot obſerved that the air-bladders at the angles of the branches were often fingle (p. 904.), which may be the caſe in many varieties, but not in this. The bladder ſituated there often aſſumes a triangular heart, or rather a compreſſed ſhape. The fize of this plant fel- dom exceeds a foot in height; the breadth of the leaves about one inch. Its texture thick and leathery, and the ſhape of the bladders elliptic. The fructification of this ſpecies ſo much reſembles the different parts in Pl. 1. that I have not thought it neceſſary to delineate them. a. A feedling plant. Hab. common on rocks. • I have not given the references to Authors in their place, but ſhall add them at the end of this Note. The received opinion is, that this fpe- cies varies in an endlefs manner. In the courſe of my obſervations I have made out two or three forts that appear conſtant to their kinds. I fhall deſcribe them with ſpecific characters in the courſe of this work. If I could fix on a ſpecific plant for LinxxUS's ſpecific character I ſhould call this plant var. («), and the plant Pl. vi. var. (®), but in fa& the ſpecies with a conſtant pair of "axillary bladders" I do not re- member to have met with. This remark relates to F, veficulofus in a reſtrained fenfe; when modern Authors refer F. divaricatus, ſpiralis, and inflatus to this ſpecies, it ſeems to be confounding every idea of ſpecific chara&er. I ſhall only remark in general that as theſe plants are produced from ſeeds, and as the diſtinguiſhing characters are in their fruétification, it is not philoſophical to huddle together plants which dif- fer ſo effentially in thoſe ſexual parts. Fucus veficulofus. Linn. 1158, 1380.--Hudſ. 466, 576.-R. Syn. 40.-Bauh. Pin. 263.-Lob. ic. p. 252.-Gmel. 1156.-Park. 1993. . See an accurate delineation of this proceſs in Major Velley's Tab. 1. f. 3. which clearly ſhews the air-bladders to be intended for ſome other purpoſe than mere buoyancy. LINN&us, who had ſo vaft a field before him, could not be expected to attend minutely to the cryptogamous plants. Having ſeen a monce- cious appearance in fome of the larger plants, he inferred its belonging to the whole gerus. FUCUS P2 vitatus [ 5 ] FUCUS DIGITATUS. ΤΑΒ. ΙΙΙ FUCUS, fronde palmata, foliis enfiformibus ; ftirpe tereti. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815.-Ger. Em. 1570.-Hudſ. 579.---Lightfoot. 935.-With. Bot. arr. 3. 244.-Ray. Syn. 46.-Im- perati. Hiſt. Nat. 741. Fuco giganteo. RADIX fibroſa, divaricata, valida, cornca. CAULIS cylindricus, longus, fursùm attenuatus, baculi magnitudine. FOLIUM, amplum, craffum, enerve; laciniis, prælongis, enfiformibus. FRUCTIFICATIO-veſiculæ irregulares, nullo ordine, in cutis fuperficie ? OBSERV A TI O NE S. SPECIES hæc, congenerum ferè maxima, et, ut Raius aptè dicit, “ arborea," radicibus validis in fiffuris rupi- um, aut inter lapillos in argilloſo maris fundo infixa, vim flu&uum fuftentat. Caulis, in quibufdam baculi mag- nitudine, validus, tenax, rotundus, folidus; cutis, feu mavis cortex craffus, coriaceus, Fucis tenerioribus Ulvis, et Confervis undique obfitus. Summitas caulis in folium peramplum illicò fe repandit, laciniis plurimis longiffimis, enfiformibus. Mira hujufce Fuci varietas, quoad magnitudinem et longitudinem caulis, ut re&è ob- ſervavit D. Lightfoot. adeò ut minimè mirum fit, fi plures fint fpecies; fin minùs, verifimile eſt capita ad juftam magnitudinem in junioribus provenire, caules autem tardè creſcere, et non nifi proveđâ ætate perfici. Subſtantia folii, craffa admodùm, glabra, enervis, pellucida, et, ut ait Gerardus (p. 1570.) edulis. Fru&ifica- tio, à nemine adhùc, ut fcio, obfervata, in veficulis tenuibus continetur, quæ quidem variæ magnitudinis et for- mæ in foliorum fuperficie producuntur: liquor intus gelatinofus fine granulis conſpicuis. Notandus hic error D. Raii, Syn. p. 47. qui Fucum polyphyllum Doodli, varietatem, vel juniorem faltèm plantam hujus fpeciei eſ ſe exiſtimat, quum potiùs, fi ex defcriptione libet conjicere, palmati varietas, recenſenda fit. Et reverà ſpecimen F. palmati prope Harvicum reperti, qui cum plantâ Doodiana in omnibus convenit in herbario D. Wood- WARD, conſervatur, ut ipſe nuperrimè mihi mandat. Hab. juxta Weymouth ſparfim; in littoribus Cornubiæ, copiofifſimè. • Raius in Synopli Fucum hunc Balteiformem appellat. p. 46. FINGERED FUCUS, PL. 11. OR Sea Hangers. FUCUS, frond hand-ſhaped, ſegments ſword-ſhaped; ftalk cylindrical. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815. PLATES. Fl. Dan. 392.-Gunn. 1, 3. D ROOT [ 6 ] ROOT branching, ſpreading, horny. STEM round,* folid, elaſtic, tapering upwards. LEAF very broad, ſwelling from the top of the ſtem ſuddenly, ribleſs, fleſhy, of a ſhining polifh. FRUCTIFICATION in thin veſicles of various fizes on the ſurface of the leaf-rare--without any apparent granulation. OBSERVATIONS. This is one of the moſt common Fuci on the Weſtern Coaſt, and, being a bulky plant, forms an eſſential ar- ticle of the Huſhandman's attention after a ſtorm. Its ſtrong fibrous roots infinuate themfelves into the larger crevices of rocks, and amongſt the pebbles in the ſtiff ooze, lumps of which are wafted aſhore with it. Ray calls this, and the Furbelowed F. “Tree-like," and indeed its firm elaſtic ſtem is capable of performing the office of the trunk in trees, and ſupporting, with the aſſiſtance of its native element, its wide expanded foliage. The fize of the larger ſtalks is equal to that of a walking-ſtick, folid, elaſtic, coated with ſmooth thick bark, which is ge- nerally beſet with ſmaller ſea plants. Theſe ſtalks taper pretty much towards the top, when they ſuddenly ex- pand into leaves of a foot or more in breadth. This leaf or head is divided into a number of ſegments (from four to twelve, Lightfoot), tapering to a point. The ſtem of this Fucus is as incorruptible as a cabbage-ſtump. A very ſingular circumſtance will ſtrike the obſerver of this plant, viz, that among individuals, whoſe heads are near- ly equal in fize, the ſtalks will be found to vary from the ſize and height of a walking-ſtick, to that of a little fin- ger; whether theſe are varieties, or junior plants, whoſe leaves firſt attain their fize, is at preſent uncertain. The ſubſtance is thick and ribleſs. The fructification I ſhould think rare, as not being noticed. It conſiſts of thin inflated pellicles of various forms produced without order on the ſurface. The mucus within had no appa- rent granules. This plant is of a rich browniſh yellow colour when freſh, and appears as ſhining and ſmooth as if it had been varniſhed. a. a. a. The veficles filled with mucus. Hab. on the ſhores at Weymouth, and on all the S. Coaſt, but largeſt and moſt plentiful towards the Weſtern extremity of the iſland. * Mr. Woodward ſuſpects this plant may ſometimes have a cavity in the ſtem. F UCUS POLYSCHIDES. TAB. IV. FUCUS. fronde palmata, foliis enfiformibus, radice tuberofa, cava ; ftirpe plana marginibus plicatis. Lightfoot. Fl. Sc. p. 936.--Gmel. p. 202.-Reaumur. At. Gall. 1712. p. 21.-Hudſ. 579.-With. Bot. Arr. 3. 244. RADIX magna, tuberculata, cava, depreffa ; fibris cartilagineis fubtus. CAULIS, latus, compreffus, ad margines plicatus. FOLIUM, amplum, fegmentis numerofis. FRUCTIFICATIO_Veſiculæ per fuperficiem foliorum nullo ordine diſpoſitæ ? OBSER P.IV a Blejschiale M m 27 [ ] OBSERVATION E S. SPECIES hæc, à Linneo non defcripta, in occidentali Angliæ parte frequens reperitur. Bulbus, rapi max- imi magnitudine, in centro depreffus, concavus, externè verrucofus, radices plurimas rigidas, tortuofas, ex ima parte in fundum maris uliginofum, vel inter lapillos emittit. Caulis , amplus, compreffus, centro modicè craffus, marginibus, præfertim juxta bafim, mirè fimbriatus eft. Altitudo caulis bipedalis, vel fupra, eft; fummitate illi- cò in folium dodrantali latitudine ſeſe repandente. Folium, feu mavis caput plantæ, peramplum fegmentis plu- rimis prælongis, lævibus, craffis, enervibus. Sub nomine “ Fuci arborei" ſpecies hæc à Raio cum Fuco digitato confunditur, etfi caule, et radicibus toto cælo differunt. Mira enimvero, ut ait D. Lightfoot. tanti viri hallucinatio! Obfervandum eft caules duos, treſve perfæpè ex bulbi fummitate provenire, et adeò immenfa eft moles plantæ ut quandoque vix humeris fufti- nenda fit. In profundo maris oritur; in uliginofis, ut libet conjicere; et, uncunque pifcibus alendis, vel prote- gendis inſerviat, poft procellas tamen in littore haud inutilis projicitur. Fucus hic, qui à Gmelino palmatus, ab Hudſono fatis aptè bulbofus, vocatur, una cum F. digitato, F. palmato, F. faccharino in occidentali Ang. liæ parte ftercoris vice fungitur. In infulis Caffiteridum quoque Sal Kali KELP vulgò di&um lento igni ex iif dem conficitur. Hab. in Devoniæ et Cornubiæ littoribus. FURBELOWED FU CU S, PL. IV. OR Great furbelowed Hangers. FUCUS, frond hand-ſhaped ; leaves ſword-ſhaped; root, tuberous, hollow; ftalk flat, plaited at the edge. Lightfoot. 936. P L A T E S. Gmelin. f. 30.-Reaumur. A&. Gall. f. 1. ROOT very large, hollow, flatted, ftudded with warty excreſcencies, puſhing ſtrong, horny, fibrous roots from beneath. STALK flat, broad, thick in the middle; much furbelowed at the edge, LEAF, very wide at top: fegments very long, ſword-Chaped (from 6 to 30). FRUCTIFICATION, thin, irregular bladders? OBSERVATIONS, [ 8 ] OBSERVATIONS. It is remarkable, that this immenſe plant, which is produced in ſuch quantities on the Weſtern Coaſt of Eng- land, as to afford a valuable article of manure, ſhould have eſcaped unnoticed by Linnæus, and the older Writers, and that Ray our countryman, who muſt have ſeen the Corniſh fhores at leaſt covered with it, ſhould have paid fo little attention to it, as to confound it with Fucus digitatus. Hudſon, in his ſecond edition, has in troduced it under an appoſite name-Bulbous-rooted; and Gmelin has figured it under the title of F. palmatus, a term pre-occupied by another ſpecies, and which does not ſo properly accord with a leaf cut into many ſegments. From a large oblongo-oblate, knobbed, hollow bulb ariſes, generally, one; ſometimes two, or even three compreſſed ſtalks, four inches, or more wide, thick in the middle, thinner at the edges, where it is ſtrange- ly . furbelowed, and contorted. This ſtem, which is upwards of two feet long, ſuddenly expands into a very wide head, which is afterwards divided into numerous fword-ſhaped ſegments. The weight of the whole is im- menſe: its ſubſtance ſemi-tranſparent, totally free from veins or fibres, and covered with a coat of varniſh. Its colour is deep brown. It is to be obſerved that the bulb ſends forth numerous ſtrong horny roots, which ftrike deep into the ooze, or lay hold of the ſtones in the larger crevices of the rocks--a circumſtance neceſſary to enable ſo bulky a plant to reſiſt the violence of the waves. I have not yet ſeen it in fruit; but there is little doubt, from its affinity to F. digitatus, that the fru&tification is in ſimilar veſicles. In the Scilly Iſlands, and on ſome ſpots in the Weſt of Cornwall, this ſpecies, with the other large fucculent ones, are burnt in conſiderable quantities to make Kelp. a. The bulb and part of the ftem, natural ſize. b. An entire plant reduced. Hab. on the Devonſhire and Corniſh Coaſts, plentiful, ( at Icolm kill, Scotland. Lightfoot.). *This very ſtrong ruffle at the rim of the ſtalk ſeems to be for the purpoſe of ſtiffening it, and enabling it to bear up in water its very large flowing head. F U CU S SILIQUOSUS. TAB. v. FUCUS. fronde compreffa, ramoſa; foliis diſtychis, alternis, integerrimis; fructificationibus pedunculatis, oblongis, mucronatis. Linn. Sp. 1629. --Syft. Nat. 813. Seb. Th. 11. p. 186.—Gmel. 81.---Lightfoot. 921.-With. Bot. arr. 3. 236.-Ray. Syn. 48.-- Hudf. 574. Puern Hish Foeec t.138 RADIX, orbicularis, fubtus plana. CAULIS, compreffus, cartilagineus, prælongus. FOLIA, nulla. FRUCTUS, pedunculatus, mucronatus, tranſversim filiquæ ad inftar fulcatus. OBSER Halidzzo silizpeios Gzew.SC. Brithafn.g.hl. Lingle Hand. Dan.Az siliquosus. F, spiralis. IS del. [ 9 ] OBSERVATIONES. Fucus hic in longitudinem cubitalem extenditur, ramis paucis, prælongis. Caulis compreffus, undulatus, tenax, glaber, uniformis: folia, ut vocantur, diftycha, variæ in diverfis individuis magnitudinis, adeò ut fpecies diverfæ videantur. Minùs accurata tamen LINNxt deſcriptio refpe&u foliorum, reverà enim, Fucus hic ramis, et filiquis folummodò conftat. Siliquæ enim immaturæ foliorum vice funguntur; maturæ, turgeſcunt, tranfver- sim extus fulcatæ; intus, in loculos diſpofitæ; fibris numerofis, albis, fplendentibus è bafi ad verticem extenfis. In Fucis præcedentibus, ferrato fc. et veſiculofo, fibrofam et gelatinofam fru&ificationem à fe remotas, et disjunc- tas notavimus, in hâc autem fpecie apparent conjun&tæ; mucus enim, vel gelatina, cavitatem filiquæ, fabæ in leguminofis domicilium, fibi vindicat," fibris per medium tranſcurrentibus, ut in icone videre eft. Siliquarum rol- tra in longum ſæpiffimè protenduntur. Veliculas ſeminales in gelatina à D. Lightfoot. notatas nunquam adhùc inveni; mucus quippe omni tempore pellucidus et fine granulis conſpicitur; verifimile ergo eft fru&ificationem fæmineam, vel in roftris filiquarum, vel in fummitate plantæ ineffe; aut faltèm feminula, vel in fibris, vel etiam in muco, parvitate fuâ aciem oculorum effugere. Color olivaceus, ficcitate niger. Hab. in profundo mari juxta Weymouth, et in littoribus Devoniæ et Cornubiæ. • Siliqua biffe&a longitudenaliter. PODDED F U CU S. PL. v. FUCUS. frond compreſſed, branched; leaves pointing two ways, alternate: Frucification on footſtalks, oblong, ſharp-pointed, (beaked). Linn. 1629. PLATES. Ger. em. 1569. f. 7.--Seb. Th. t. 95. f. 3.-Fl. dan. t. 106.-Gmel. t. 2. B. Giſeke. t. 75. ROOT, ſwelling out, flat at bottom, adhering. STEM, ſmooth, ſhining, compreſſed, zig-zagged. LEAVES, o. PODS on long footſtalks, ſometimes with very long fnouts, barred acroſs, with cavities inſide, and fibrous, fil- ken threads ſtretched acroſs, OBSERVATIONS. Thoucn LINNxus and ſubſequent Authors give leaves to this plant, it is in reality without them. The pod-like fruit, which comes out thick on each fide of the ſtalk, in its younger ſtate is flat, and without ſwelling, and has the reſemblance of leaves. This was noticed by Lightfoot, and my obſervations fully confirm it. The ſporting of Nature is remarkable in this plant: ſhe here produces ſo perfea a Legume, that one would expeä on opening it to find a fruit: yet notwithſtanding there are the requifite cavities, there is no bean within. The fi- brous fru&ification, which prevails in the foregoing, is obſervable in this. Many filky, white filaments are ex- tended quite acroſs the cavities from the baſe to the fummit. There is a clear liquor within on firſt cutting open the pod, but no thick mucilaginous matter, as in the fruit of the preceding ſpecies, nor have I been able to dif- E cover [ 10 ] cover the “ ſeminal veſicles” mentioned by Lightfoot. p. 922. This is one of the moſt trailing of the Fucus kind. I have picked it up four feet long, the ſtalk compreſſed, undulating in a zig-zag direction, and nearly uniform in fize throughout. The individuals of this ſpecies vary exceedingly in the length and breadth of their pods; ſo much ſo, as almoſt to induce the belief of the exiſtence of two ſeparate kinds. It is to be obſerved that the pod has frequently a footſtalk nearly as long as itſelf, and a long extended beak of a ſimilar length, blunt at the tip; ſo it ſhould have been called roſtratus inſtead of “ mucronatus." Vid. fup. Hab. Adheres by its flat bafe to rocks in deep water. Weymouth, and on the Devon and Cornwall Coaſts, plentiful. * In a correſpondence I have been favoured with from Mr. Woodward, I find that he has fearched in vain for granulations, or feeds, in this fpecies. It may happen, that this plant matures its feeds in the Winter months; if not, as the general habit ſtrongly indicates its affinity to the Oak-leaved, and Knobbed Fuci, the granulations muſt be ſearched for in the long extended beak of the pod, or in ſome of the ſhorter pods near the ſummit of the plant, and it is not unlikely that the mucous liquor may have inviſible feeds, as I fufpect to be the caſe in the ve. ficular tumours on the leaves of the F. digitatus. F UCUS SPIRALIS. TAB. v. FUCUS. fronde dichotoma, integra, caule folium percurrente, infernè nudo, veſiculis verruco- fis terminalibus. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1672.--Ger. em. 1570.--Moriſ. hiſt. Ox. 1. 15.- Baft. I. 6. p. 120.-Lightfoot. p. 911.--With. v. 3. p. 242. RADIX, irregularis, fubtus plana. CAULIS, cartilagineus, nudus, dichotomus. FOLIA, integra, coriacea; coſtâ medium cujuſque percurrente. FRUCTIFICATIO, mucoſa, granulata, ovata, terminalis; bina, ternave, OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc ubique, ferè, permiſta fucis congeneribus, veſiculofo fc, nodoſo, et inflato reperitur. Habitu et texturâ parùm differt à F. veficulofo; veſiculæ tamen aere inflatæ nunquam occurrunt in folio. Caulis dicho- tomus folium percurrit, infernè nudus, membranâ utrinque, per ætatem, aut forſan vi flu&uum, primùm lacera- tâ, dein penitùs deficiente. Juxta baſim caulis foliola plurima, ut in F. veficuloſo, naſcuntur; incertum plantæ fuffulciendæ, an reparandæ, infervientia. Folia ordine dichotomo, marginibus integris, apice bifurcato, produ- Habitus plantæ fpiralis, unde et nomen à Linnæo inditum, etſi minimè fit character effentialis hujus fpeciei; Fucus enim, volubilis, F. inflatus, et, quandoque etiam, F. veſiculofus, variè feſe contorquent. Ex apice foliorum oriuntur fru&tus bini, vel terni, oblongi, ovati, granulis intus in muco repleti, oleas conditas fi- gurâ, et colore referentes. Folia levitèr punctata ex utrâque coftæ parte, ut in veficuloſo, et congeneribus; punc- cuntur. * Linnæus fru&ificationem gelatinofam in hâc fpecie, utpote in F. veficulofo, minus aptè veficulas verrucofas nominat. tulis, [ 11 ] tulis, five penicillis fibrofis, ut æquum eft fufpicari, partem fru&ificationis maſculam continentibus. Obſer- vandum eft Gerardum ſpecies duas trefve in eâdem planta, i. e. ex eâdem radice provenientes, deſignaffe, p. 1567. n. 4. au&orem, quoad fucos, minimè omnium fidendum. Fru&ificatio vitro fubje&a urceolos, ſeu veliculas rotundiuſculas, apice perforatas, ut obfervavimus in F. fer- rato et F. veſiculoſo, exhibuit. Vid. partes fru&. F. ſerrati (Tab. 1.), ex fronde deſcriptas, et ope microſcopii depicas. Hab. in aftuariis et ad rupes in occidentali Angliæ parte. Vid. Obf. in F. ferratum. SPIRAL F U CU S. PL. v. FUCUS, frond flat, forked, very entire; the ſtem pervading the leaf, naked at bottom; fruc- tifications in pairs, terminating, tubercled. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1672. PLAT E S. Fl. dan. 286.-Baſt. ii. 1. ROOT, ſwelling, roundiſh, flat at bottom. STEM wire-like, naked, twiſted, dichotomous. LEAVES, mid-ribbed, dotted, entire, edged, twiſted, forked at top. FRUCTIFICATION in pairs (ſometimes 3 together) terminating. OBSERVATIONS. NOTWITHSTANDING Gmelin conſiders this ſpecies, as well as volubilis, inflatus, divaricatus, and ſome others under the general name of F. veficulofus, yet there can be no doubt of their being diſtina kinds; if it only depended on the abſence of the air-bladders, which I think I have ſhewn to be parts of fru&ification. Lin- NAUS has denominated it Spiral, from its being often found with its leaves twiſted, which is by no means an ap- propriate chara&er. It ariſes from a flat baſe with wire-like ftalks, naked, and deftitute of the membrane on each fide, branching, dichotomous. The leaves are long, waved, entire at the edge, dotted, and forked at the tips. Near the baſe the falk is garniſhed with a cluſter of ſmall ftiff leaves, either as a ſupport to the plant in the abſence of the air-bladders, or to aflift its re-production when torn off by the waves. The fruit comes out in pairs, and ſometimes three together, at the ſummits; it is oblong, granulated, filled with mucous matter, and of the colour of the preſerved Spanilh olive. The punđures, immerſed in the leaves in a regular feries, being garniſhed with pencils of fibres, though not ſo conſpicuous as in F. ferratus, are fuppoſed to contain the male fru&ification in this ſpecies. It is feldom ſo tall, as repreſented by Ray. Syn. 41. nor have I ever ſeen the Nalk channelled as Linnaus obferves, which very likely is another ſpecies. As the parts of fru&ification re- femble thoſe of F. ferratus, it was judged unneceſſary to delineate them. Hab. On the Devon and Cornwall Coafts, on rocks below High-Water mark. FUCUS [ 12 ] FU CU S VESICULOSUS. TAB. vi. (V A R. B.) FUCUS. fronde dichotoma, coftata, integerrima; veſiculis undique ex adverſo binis; axillari folitario; fructu tuberculato, terminali. (Vid. Obferv. in F. vefic. p. 3.) RADIX orbicularis, ſubtus plana. CAULIS, cartilagineus, marginibus laceris, foliolis juxta bafim. FOLIA, undulata, veficulis binis oppofitis. FRUCTIFICATIO terminalis, tuberculata. OBSERVATIONES. VARIETATEM alteram Fuci veficulofi à priore (p. 3.) longè diverſam fubjicimus. Character effentialis F. veſiculofi apud Linn. conſtat veſiculis binis axillaribus, qui quidem character nequaquam Fucis hujus fpeciei noftratibus, quoad hactenùs obſervavi, obtinet. Veſiculæ in hâc varietate conſtanter ex oppoſito binæ produ- cuntur (non ſparsim, ut in priore), glabræ, ovatæ, numerofæ. In axillis autem foliorum, feu potiùs, in ramu- lorum dichotomiâ, veſiculæ occurrunt folitariæ, irregulares, figuræ perſæpè triangularis. In ceteris, ut vide- tur, fpecies hæc cum Linnæanâ convenit; bini enim ad apices occurrunt fru&us, mucofi, granulis intus repleti, adeò ut neceffe fit tres faltèm fpecies diſtinctas conſtitui. Habitus, præcedenti, utpote et F. veſiculofo LINNÆI, totis partibus minor. Conchæ affixam invenimus, ut in icone videre eft. Veſiculas aerias, feu maſculas, in fub- ftantiâ folii fibris intus inſtructas obſervavimus, figuræ etiam penè orbicularis funt, non ovatæ, ut in F. veſicu- lofo (Tab. 2.). Hab. ad oppidum SIDMOUTH, in Devonia. OAK-LEAVED FU CU S. PL. VI. (VAR. B.) FUCUS. frond flat, forked, with a mid-rib throughout; bladders in pairs oppoſite; between the branches, folitary fruit veſſels in pairs terminating. (No Specific Plate.) ROOT, orbicular, flat at bottom, adhering. STEM cartilaginous, naked, wire-like. LEAVES flat, forked, mid-ribbed; air-bladders oppofite. FRUCTIFICATION, granulated, terminating in pairs. OBSER 27 들 ​F. Fastigiated Sarilla E F Cameramac X Fastigiates PT 8 [ 13 ] OBSERVATIONS. Titis variety differs eſſentially from the preceding one (PL. 11.), and from the F. veſiculofus of the later edi- tions of LINN AUS. In the firſt edition of the Species Plantarum, p. 1158, and in the Flora Laponica, and Suecica, the axillary bladders in pairs are not noticed, but as it occurs in the Syſtema Naturæ, and in the later editions of the ſpecies, we may fuppoſe it the reſult of accurate obſervation on the plants in the Northern Seas. In the ſpecies under deſcription, the air-veſſels are produced in pairs exačtly oppoſite on each ſide of the mid-rib; are more turgid and crouded than in the preceding, and the whole plant is much more diminutive in fize. In- ſtead of lateral purſe-ſhaped, or horned fruit, as in F. vefic. PL. 11. the feminal veſſels are produced in pairs at the ſummits of the leaves; they are oblong, granulated, and full of mucus. On cutting open the air-veſſel, the ſame fibrous fru&ification appeared, as in the kindred plants. It is more than probable that future inveſtigation will detea many more ſpecies nearly allied; at leaſt, with reſpect to this, and F. vefic. PL. 11. as the difference lies in the parts of fruttification, and is ſo well defined, it can never be proper to fubfcribe to the opinion of Gmelin, who thinks they are merely accidental varieties. This ſpecimen was found growing on a Limpet, which it had buoyed up, and wafted alhore, fo that it was in a perfea growing ſtate. Hab. SIDMOUTH, Devon. • The fru&ification is likewiſe improperly termed by LINN. "Warty bladders," whereas the hollow in the inſide is inconſiderable, the whole ſubſtance being a granulated thack mucus. Sce the note on F. veſiculofus. F U C U S MEMBRANACEUS. TAB. VI. FUCUS, fronde dichotoma, membranacea, pellucida; coſtata ramulis, et foliolis ſparsim è cof- tâ erumpentibus. (Species nova.) RADIX, plana, orbiculata, agglutinata, CAULIS dichotomus, cartilagineus, fubnudus. FOLIA, membranacea, dichotoma; caule medium folii percurrente, prolifero. FRUCTIFICATIO, in pun&is glomeratìm difpofitis. OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc, ut fufpicor, rariflimè occurrit, nec & quopiam, quoad fcio, adhuc defcribitur. In incerto plantarum marinarum ftatu, dubitare fas eft, annon inter Ulvas, potiùs quam inter Fucos recenſendenda fit; præ- fertim fi recentiores Botanicos confulamus: ulvæ enim fpecies temporibus noftris triplicitèr faltem au&tæ funt, et D. Woodward nuperrimè, ut mihi mandat, partitiones plurimas conſtituit, quarum una carpophora eft. Habi- tus omninò fucorum, qui * dichotomi frondeſcentes " appellantur; fubftantia autem, fi ita dicam, prorsùs ulva- ca. Apices foliorum bifidi, vel etiam trifidi; fru&ificatio penè fingularis: microſcopio fubje&a, è centro pun&ulorum ex utrâque coftæ parte producuntur aciculæ acutæ, incurvæ, fingulæ, vel binæ, tranſversim, far ciis F [ 14 ] ciis rubris, et albis notatæ. Color pallidè luteus, tenuitate membranæ in aquâ prorsùs evanidus. Altitudo toti- us plantæ pedalis circiter, latitudo folii rarò uncialis. E coſtà folium percurrente, oriuntur folia, et perſæpè eti- am ramuli, ficut in F. hypogloſſo dico. (Vid. Aa. Linn. v. 2.). Fru&ificatio, à D. Woodward, nuperrimè vi- tro vis magnæ ſubjecta, Conferuas nafcentes exhibuit, adeò ut aciculæ fupradictæ minimè pro partibus fructifica- tionis reputandæ fint, quæ, ut videtur, feminulis congeſtis, et ordinatìm difpofitis ex utrâque coftæ parte, con- ftat. Coſta folii ficcitate rubefcit. Hab. ad oppidum SIDMOUTH in Devonià, juxta Promontorium occidentale. PELLUCID F U CU S. PL. VI. FUCUS. frond thin, tranſparent, mid-ribbed, dichotomous, forked, punctured on each ſide the rib; leafits and branches coming out of the midrib of the frond. (An undeſcribed Species.) ROOT, roundiſh, flat at the bottom, agglutinated. STEM, wire-like, cartilaginous, naked. LEAF, thin, membranaceous, pervaded by a mid-rib, punctured, regular. FRUCTIFICATION, in cluſters of regular dots. OBSERVATIONS. The membranaceous, pellucid texture of this ſpecies ſhould rather cauſe it to be claffed as an Ulva; at leaſt, when the Genera ſhall be better aſcertained, it will be found not to be a Fucus. If we take the ſtria Linnæan character of Ulva, viz. - a ſimple membrane without leaf or ſtem," the numerous tribe ſo much increaſed of late will be much diminiſhed. But it ſeems better to relinquiſh the mere membrane, and to adopt other diftin&tions from texture and fructification united, as has been ſucceſsfully attempted by Mr. Woodward, who has arranged them in ſeparate diviſions, as he has juſt informed me. I have reaſon to think this ſpecies is rare; being proba- bly a native of deep and ſtill waters, the delicacy of its ſtructure may prevent its coming alhore perfeat. In fize and habit it reſembles the larger dichotomous Fuci. The leaves are regularly dotted, which being viewed in a microſcope exhibit a fingular appearance. From the centre of the dots ariſe one or two crooked needle-like ſub- ſtances, tapering to a point, which towards the fummits are barred acroſs with white and red. The powers of my glaſs were inſufficient to proſecute my reſearches any further into this fingular appearance. The regular fituation of theſe dots forbid the idea of their being Fluftra, or any minute marine infeet, and may, on more accurate in- veſtigation, cauſe this plant to be arranged as a genus by itſelf. This plant having been ſubmitted to the inveſtigation of Mr. Woodward, he has favoured me with a letter, in which he ſays, that by means of a ſtrong eye-glaſs he has difcovered thoſe needle-like ſubſtances to be infant Con- feruæ, and has no doubt, but the cluſters of dots, which conſtitute the ſpots regularly arranged on each ſide the mid-rib, are the real fru&ification. Hab. SIDMOUTH, Devon. Auguſt, 1794. FUCUS [ 15 ] F U C U S FASTIGIATUS. TAB. VI. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, dichotoma, ramofiffima, faftigiata, obtuſa. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815 Hudſ, n. 7.--Light. 930.-With. 3. 257- fronde filiformi, dichotoma, ramofiffima, acuminata. Linn. ib.-Hudſ. n. 25.- Light. 932.-With. 258. var. B. -R. Syn. 45.-Moriſ. 648.-Bauh. Pin. 366. RADIX, fibroſa, implicata, cartilaginea. CAULIS, teres, dichotomus, tenuis. RAMULI, teretes, ad bafim tenues, apicibus vel furcatis vel prælongis, acuminatis. FRUCTIFICATIO, lateralis, veficulofa, rugofa. OBSERVATIONES APICIBUS longis, acutis, filiquarum æmulis, quofdam individuos hujus fpeciei, necnon alios furcatis, obtufis, brevibus, ex eadem radice perfæpè videre eft. Speciminibus indu&i, LINN AUS, et plerique noftrates Botani- ci, ſpecies duas conſtituere: radix, fi ita vocetur, fibrillis intertextis conficitur; quæ, etfi plantæ inter lapillos fi- gendæ inferviant, tamen ipfæmet fæpenumerò cauleſcunt. Ramuli fubtùs graciles, fursùm grandiores, per di- chotomiam ramofiffimi, et longitudinis æqualis, fummitatibus quafi in ſcopas congeſti funt. Apicibus mirè illudit hæc planta ; oblongis, fc. tumidis, acuminatis, unde nomen “ lumbricalis," Hudſoni; et obtufis, brevibus, bi, tri, vel quadrifariam furcatis. Altitudo varia; fæpè dodrantalis, et aliquando vix triuncialis; color etiam varius; viridis, fuſcus, olivaceus, ruber; et quandoque ex eâdem radice. Manipuli fatis ampli poft procellas in arenå projiciuntur. Fru&ificationem, ut in icone repræſentatur, frequentèr obſervavimus, in apicibus acumina- tis, nunquam adhùc in furcatis. Juxta fummitates è latere erumpunt veficulæ, tumida, rugofæ, muco repletæ, et per maturitatem dehiſcentes. Cum tam diffimiles inter fe fint ramuli, æquum eft conjicere cum D. Wood- ward. With. Bot. Arr. 258. plantam hanc moncciam effe. Hab. paffim. FORKED FU CU S. PL. VI. FUCUS, frond thread-ſhaped, forked ; very much branched, of the ſame length, blunt. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815.-Hudſ. 588. frond, thread-Shaped, branched; tips worm-like, long, acuminated. Linn. ib.- “Lumbricalis." 589. Huds. PLATES. Fl. Dan. 393. 419.-Gmel. 6. 1. 2.-Hif. Ox. 15. 2. 9. 1. 4.-Velley. Ing. Tab. 4. ROOT [ 16 ] ROOT fibrous, entangled, cartilaginous. STEM, round, ſlender, dichotomous. BRANCHES, cylindrical, biggeſt at top, equal lengths; fome forked, others worm-like, FRUCTIFICATION, lateral, near the top, veſicular. OBSERV A TI ON S. This plant has two appearances ſo very different, that LINNÆUS, and ſubſequent Botaniſts have conſtituted two diſtinct ſpecies, under the names of F. faſtigiatus, and F. furcellatus, for the latter of which Mr. Hudſon has adopted the expreſſive name of F. lumbricalis. The great fingularity attending this ſpecies is its root, which appears a congeries of implicated, horny fibres, which fupply the double purpoſe of fixing the plant, and ſupply- ing freſh branches when Age or Accident have robbed the parent of its firſt offspring. Theſe fibrous parts ſcem to be in a continual ſtate of advance towards branching. Large maſſes grow together, and the tips appear with the pod-like; the forked, (either 2, 3, or 4 times); or the plain varieties: often in the ſame maſs; but more fre- quently, the whole cluſter appears fimilar. There is likewiſe no leſs variety in fize, and colour; varying from nearly a foot to 3 inches, and exhibiting every tint of the brighteſt graſs green, olive, brown, red, and purple. The fructification, as far as it has occurred to me, reſides in the long worm-like tips, but we have authority to ſay the forked ones are likewiſe fruitful, which makes me apprehend this plant is monæcious. Lightfoot and Gmelin have diſcovered fructification in the forked tips, and likewiſe annular projections, which probably form diaphragms. The fize and ſhape appear in the drawing: they are veſicular, wrinkled, and burſt open when. ripe. a. a. a. The lateral fructification burſting out and ſplitting lengthways. b. b. The fame in the ſmaller ſpecimen. Hab. common. TAB. VI. FU CU S PUSILLUS. Turn Fuci ;;. t. 108. FUCUS. fronde cæpitoſa, repenti, ramoſa; foliis fpathulatis; junioribus obtufis, provectiori bus bi-vel tri-furcatis. (Species non defcripta.) RADIX, fubtus plana, faxis agglutinata. CAULIS, rotundus, repens, implicatus. FOLIA, ſpathulata, (apicibus, aliis rotundis, aliis furcatis) enervia, minutula. CÆSPES totus in nudo ſaxo licheniformis. OBSER- Acrocarpus fusillow. Butz; Spec. Alg-63762 Gelidium carreum var clérotum Gieo NG, Brite fi lille Chandia fusilla Gpa Sesto Corff . H.ilter9 a coopiluo, Sloofl. fs9, 4.12. [ 17 ] OBSERVATIONES. PARVITATE fua, ut opinor, adhùc inobfervata permanfit ſpecies hæc; etfi nil mirum fi minimè fit vulgata; fimul enim; idque in rupibus arenaceis, juxta SIDMOUTH in Devonià oblata eft. Fucum pygmæum D. Light- foot. primo afpe&u refert, fub-nigra fc. et cruſtacea; vitro au&a pallidè rubet. Cæſpes totus mirè implicitus, rupes, Lichenis, vel potiùs Jungermanniæ ad inftar, operit. Caulis, tenuis, et fubrotundus in tres vel plures ramulos dividitur, juxta bafim foliolis linearibus obfitus. Folia ſensim ſeſe dilatant, apicibus, vel rotundis, vel furcatis. Fucus totus cartilagineus eſt, et enervis. Haud mirum, fi plerique Botanici Fucum hunc, pygmæo mole faltèm affinem, obſervantes accuratiorem indagationem evitaverint, et forfan ſpecies permultæ pufillæ, liche- ni formes, adhùc latent; cruſtaceam enim unam in ftirpe F. digitati, Licheni foliaceo fimilem in occidentali An- gliæ parte detexi, incertum an Fucus, an fit potiùs Corallinæ fpecies. Hic quoque minimè prætereunda fpecies à D. Lightfoot. obfervata, fub nomine F. repentis. p. 961. et à Dillenio inter Muſcos conſcripta. p. 50. t. 10. f. 9. A, B, C, D. à me ad oppidum Tenby in WALLIA frequentèr reperta. Etſi multis numeris major fit, faxa prærupta, et vi flu&uum oppofita fimili modo operit. • Articulis dividitur, fimili modo ac F. articulatus, differt tamen texturâ tenaci admodùm et corneà, necnon fibrillis ad genicula. Fru&us adhùc latet. Diftin&io inter F. pygmæum et pufillum cuivis fatis obvia occurrit. Fucus enim pygmæus erectus; F. pufillus, repens reperitur. Hab. ad oppidum SIDMOUTH, in Devonia. Aug. 1794- * Vid. Obferv. in F. articulatum. DWARF F U CU S. PL. VI. FUCUS. frond matted, creeping, branched; leaves Spathula-ſhaped; ſometimes round at top, at other times with two or more forks. (New Species.) ROOT flat at bottom, agglutinated. STEM round, creeping, matted. LEAVES Spathula-ſhaped; fometimes forked, thoſe near the root linear. PATCHES on the rock reſembling Lichens. OBSERVATIONS. Nick examination will evince this plant to be different from Lightfoot's Pigmy Fucus, though to a common obſerver it might paſs for that plant. However, as I never met with it but once, and that on no common ſtone, it may not prove a common plant. The habitat I have aſcertained, is the ſoft, crumbling, red ſandſtone at SIDMOUTH in Devonſhire. It grows in blackiſh patches, which are cloſely matted together. The ſubſtance ri- gid, and horny: on holding it to the light, it appears of a pale red. On ſeparating a plant from the cluſter, it G appears [ 18 ] appears branched from the root, the lower parts of the branches garniſhed thick with linear cilia. Theſe trailing branches towards the end, produce leaves of a ſpathula-ſhape; when young, round at the tips; when advanc- ed, forked, and divided into 2 or more ſharp horns. No fructification has yet been diſcovered, in which caſe, however, ſhould it be found to have the remarkable hollow on the top, noticed by Lightfoot in the pigny Fu- cus, p. 965, and which links it with the Genus Lichen, we probably may ſet it down only as a variety of that ſpecies, which is very frequently to be met with, and may be ſportive in its form. I have no doubt but many more minute ſpecies will be hereafter diſcovered. The general growth of theſe two diminutive ſpecies appears to differ eſſentially; the Pigmy being erect, the Dwarf creeping. a. a. a. Cluſters of plants natural fize. b. A ſingle plant natural fize. c. The ſame magnified. Hab. at SIDMOUTH, in Devonſhire. F U CU S RUBENS. TAB. VII. FUCUS. frondibus membranaceis, oblongis, undulatis, finuatis ; ftirpe tereti. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1630.—...... ramofà. Linn. Syft. Nat. 816. F. crenatus.---Gmel. p. 184.--Hudſ. 475. 573.—Lightfoot. 946.—With. 3. 235. RADIX, è baſi caulis intumefcens, fubtus plana. CAULIS, teres, ligneus, ramofus. FOLIA, pedunculata, coſtata, fibroſa, foliolis è coſta. FRUCTIFICATIO ad margines foliorum, et per totum caulem ciliatim difpofita. OBSERVATIONES. Planta hæc una cum F. fanguineo, cui quidem videtur affinis planta, foliis fibroſis, ut in arboribus, dona- tur. Subſtantia foliorum tenuis admodùm, et pellucida : variat multùm ferraturis foliorum, quæ perfæpè in la- cinias abeunt. Prolifera eſt ubique, et foliolis, non modo ad caulem cingitur, fed etiam ad coftam, et nervos foliorum. Habitus prorsùs fingularis, et tenuitati plantæ accommodatus; membranâ enim folii vi flu&uum ab- rasâ, coſta folii in ramulum vertitur, foliolis plantæ renovandæ infervientibus, inſtructum. Idem obfervavimus in Fuco fanguineo, fed perrarò ita tamen ut affinitati, quam fuprà notavimus, ftabiliendæ valeat. Forma folio- rum oblonga, crenata, undulata : haud rarò ad extremitates occurrunt laciniæ irregulares admodùm. Elegantiffi- ma eft ſpecies, et vi tempeſtatum minimè accommodata, adeò ut perrarò integra, et illæſa reperiatur. Fru&ifica- tionem in ciliis marginalibus obfervavit D. Lightfoot. notandum, tamen, eſt minùs accuratam effe defcriptionem ciliorum tenuium fru&tificantium. p. 944. Reverà fpecies hæc fru&üs tempore fimbriata, potiùs quam ciliata, * Idem obfervavit D. WooDWARD, fed rariffime. apparet, sinuosa Delesseria the famille de tresents an ovanced Mali ilite prad- the ty in Ens. Batman 7 Plicala PLVIL Rubens F sanguina 7 Fomentarus. d IL dela [ 19 ] apparet, adde etiam caulem undique fruâificatione obfitum. Nuperrimè tantum; menfe fc. Februario fpecimina quam multa fru&u copiofiffimo mihi oblata funt. Forma fruâūs vitro auda, oblonga, pellucida, granulis tribus, aut quatuor coccineis intùs. Hab. ad oppidum WEYMOUTH, ſparsim; in occidentali Angliæ parte, nec non in Walliá, copiofiffimè. RED F U CU S. PL.VII. FUCUS, frond membranaceous, oblong, waved, indented; ſtalk round, branched. Linn. PLATES. Fl. dan. 552. --Gmel. 24. 1. ROOT ſwelling from the bottom of the ftalk. STEM, round, woody, branched. LEAVES, on foot talks, mid-ribbed, veined, crenated, often laciniated. FRUCTIFICATION, at the edges, on the leaves and on the ſtalks; oblong clear vefſels with blood-red ſpots. OBSERVATION S. This is a moſt beautiful ſpecies, and very accurately deſcribed by Lightfoot, p. 943. Its texture is delicate, and the leaves veined as in trees: the edges are toothed or crenated, from whence it had the name of F. crena- tus given it by Gmelin. The colour is fainter than in F. fanguineus, having often greeniſh and olive tints. The form of the leaf is variable, as it often becomes in a manner palmated at the tips. The ſtalk is branched and ex- tended, and garniſhed throughout with leaves of every fize, but chiefly ſmall ones; and the fame is obſerved in the mid-rib, and even in the ſmaller veins of the leaves; a mode of vegetation which I have never obſerved in any other plant. The F. ſanguineus, which is nearly allied, has ſometimes ſome ſmall leaves on the mid-rib of the leaf, but I have obſerved it very rarely. It ſhould ſeem that this peculiar mode of producing leaves is to an- (wer fome peculiar end in the economy of this plant. The membrane, being fo extremely delicate, in all pro- bability, foon vaniſhes either from the force of the waves, or the bite of infeds, while the mid-rib and ſtronger veins remain as branches, which are in this manner provided beforehand with a crop of incipient leafits. Its fruc- tification is beautiful, and I rather think rare. The edge of the leaf becomes richly fringed, as likewiſe the bran- ches; the cilia either ſwell or totally diſappear, and the little blood-red dots deſcribed above are viſible with the commoneft magnifier, and ſometimes with the naked eye. a. Part of a leaf magnified. b. Part of the ſtalk with the fru&ification, 6. The ſame magnified. d. A mucous vefſel with the imbedded granules. Hab. common See the Latin nete FUCUS [ 20 ] F U C U S SANGUINEUS. TAB. VII. FUCUS. frondibus membranaceis, ovato-oblongis, integerrimis, petiolatis ; caule tereti, ra- moſo. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815.- Mantiſ. 136.-Moriſ. 645.-R. Syn. 49.—Gmel. 185. Hudſ. 573.-Lightfoot. 942.-With. 3. 235. RADIX, intumeſcens, fubtus plana, CAULIS, ligneus, breviſſimus, ramofus. FOLIA ampla, oblonga, obtufa, fibroſa, margine integro. FRUCTUS pedunculatus, fubrotundus. OBSERVATIONES. MAGNITUDINE et pulchritudine foliorum F. fanguineus palmam obtinet inter plantas fubmerſas. Perrarò au- tem illæſus, et integer, imo vix unquam, niſi penitùs dilaceratus, obſervandum nobis fefe præbet. Diebus Halcy- oniis quærenda eft hæc fpecies; membrana enim folii, quâvis cuticulâ tenuior, fimplici maris æſtu facillimè dif- rumpitur. A formâ foliorum Lapathi fanguinei marini nomen olìm obtinuit. Caulis breviffimus in tres vel plures ramulos ftatìm è radice dividitur, ligneus, nodoſus, atro-rubens. Folia, pauca, ampla, oblonga, cofta, et nervis donata, producuntur; color roſaceus ; in quibufdam, ut nomen indicat, fanguineus ; aliquando etiam gilvo variegatus. Foliola ad coftam folii, ut in F. rubente, quandoque fed perrarò occurrunt. D. BORLASE, in Hiſt. Cornubiæ, F. fenfitivum appellat; folia enim exficcata, tacta manu recedunt, et vi quâdam elafticâ trepi- dant. Fructificationem adhuc nunquam obſervavi ; juxta radicem, vel potiùs baſim folii, fructum orbicularem, pedunculatum nigrum detexit Ederus, Fl. Dan. t. 349. Idem obfervavit D. Hudſon. 573. In hoc quidem differt à F. rubente, qui, quando eſt fructifer, omnium apparet fæcundiffimus, Hab. præcipuè apud DAMMONIOS. * D. Woodward. mandat mihi fru&um pedunculatum à fe in coſtà folii reperiri. 1 DOCK-LEAVED F U CU S. PL.VII. FUCUS. leaf membranaceous, egg-oblong, very entire ; on leaf ſtalks: ſtem round, branch- ed. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815.-Mantiſ. 136. P L A T E S. Gmel. 24. 2.-Fl. Dan. 349.-Giſ. 1. 24.-Moriſ. xv. 8. row. 1-6. ROOT, flat at bottom, ſwelling from the ſtem. STEM, very ſhort, woody, branched. LEAVES, oblong, obtuſe-pointed; margin ſmooth, with a mid-rib, and branching veins, FRUCTIFICATION, roundiſh, on footftalks. OBSER Delepeira sanguined [ 21 ] OBSERVATIONS Tuis elegant Fucus was not noticed by LINNæus in his early publications, and from the account of Ray it appears to be confined to the Weſtern ſhores of this Iſland. Unleſs by a rare accident, it is never met with in a perfea ftate. I have found it at WEYMOUTH, and from thence down the coaſt to the Land's End. Its favou- rite ſituation is in deep bays, and protected from the Weſterly winds. MOUNTS-BAY in Cornwall abounds with it. Though Authors mention the leaf as extending to a foot in length, I have rarely found it of fix inches; its breadth is about an inch and half; it is rounded at the tip, and has been thought to reſemble the Rumex obtufi- folius or broad-leaved Dock, from whence its name. The root is ſwelling, and with a flat baſe adhering to rocks, and the ſtem or branches very ſhort in proportion; ſcarcely one fixth of the length of the leaf. The fub- ſtance of the leaf is as thin as Gold-beater's ſkin; its colour, pink, or red; often barred acroſs with faint ſtripes of a dull pinky yellow, like the ſtripes in the leaf of a tulip. The leaves are in general few in number, though occafionally there are cluſters of them. The fru&ification differs eſſentially from its kindred plant. Among the numbers I have ſeen I have not yet diſcovered it; it is deſcribed by der and Hudſon, as a roundiſh, black-red fruit, fixed on the footſtalk of the leaves, and ſometimes higher up. It is right to notice that there is a fuccef- fion of minute leaves at the bottom, and that here and there are to be met with ſmall leaves budding forth from the mid-rib of the leaf, as in F. rubens. Hab. Weſtern ſhores of this Iſland, Ireland, Guernſey; fometimes on the Eaſern Coaſt, as at Yarmouth. Mr. WoodWARD • This mult not be underſtood excluſively, as Mr. Woodward has gathered it very perfect at Yarmouth. See the Latin bote. FUCUS TOMENTOSUS. TAB.v11. FUCUS. fronde fubtereti, craffa, ramola, fubdichotoma, furcata, tomentoſa, angulis ramulo. rum, rotundiuſculis. Hudſ. Fl. 584.-Hift. Ox. 3. 647.-R. Syn. 29. 3, 4 RADIX, è bafi caulis intumeſcens, fubtus plana, faxis agglutinata. CAULIS, fub-teres, craffus, brevis, tubulofus. RAMULI, fub-teretes, tomentofi, angulis ovalibus, vel rotundiuſculis. OBSERVATION E S. SPECIES hæc nullibi, ut opinor, nifi apud DANMONIOs occurrit. Ramuli pennæ anſerinæ magnitudine, or dine plerumque dichotomo proveniunt. Planta recens, in arenâ projeća, vel fub aquis immerſa, ſpongiæ ad in ſtar humore repleta eſt; propiore autem infpe&u fibrillis lanofis, ut ope microſcopii obſervavimus, intertexta eſt. Ramuli tubulofi muco tenui implentur ; tranſversìm autem, vel per longitudinem feâi, vi elaſticà adeò contrahit ſeſe cuticula, ut fru&ificationem intus, ut videtur, latentem indagare, fruftrà adhuc laboraverim. Co- lor amcnè viridis exficcatione, ut in Fucis quamplurimis, ftatìm nigrefcit. Obſervandum eſt, characterem F. H Н tomentofi [ 22 ] tomentofi apud Hudſonum “fronde compreſſa, dichotoma, obtuſa" quodammodo cum plantâ noftrâ conveni- re; minimè autem F. elongati apud eundem, qui, ut rectè admonet, D. Woodward. F. loreo perquam affinis eft. Rectiùs, ut videtur, Moriſonus nofter, * “ F. ſpongiofus, teres, ramofus, viridis, erectus" quem tamen, nunquam à fe viſum, ut fufpicor, F. elongato incautè aſcivit LinnÆUS. Nec dubium eft quin “Spongia di- chotomos ” Raii, Syn. 29, 3, 4. huc referri debeat: plantula fc. quæ, ut fub aquis, aut exſiccata, oculis ſubjec- ta fuerit, vel fpongiofi, vel tomentofi, characterem apud Botanicos obtinuit. Hab. in littoribus Devonice et Cornubiæ : copiosè in rupe Long Reck di&tå, prope oppidum PENSANCE. Hon. Mr. WENMAN. • Morif. Hift. Ox. 3. 647. 1 -- DOWNY F U CU S. PL. VII. FUCUS. frond roundiſh, branched, velvety, obtuſely forked at the tips: the angles of the forks and branches roundiſh. P L A T E S. Moriſ. Hift. Ox. 15. t. 8. f. 7. ROOT ſwelling out from the bottom of the ſtem, flat underneath, agglutinated. STEM ſhort, roundiſh, hollow within. BRANCHES, roundiſh, tubular, downy, forked, ſub-dichotomous. OBSERVATIONS. This ſpecies, which moſt probably occurs no where in England, but on the coaſts of Devon and Cornwall, has occaſioned much confuſion to modern Botaniſts. Its general height is about fix inches; the branches of nearly an equal fize throughout, which is that of a fmall quill. It arifes from a fingle ſtem; is generally dicho- tomous, and buſhy in its habit; forked at the tips, with the points obtufe. When taken freſh from the ſea, or viewed in a baſon of water, it has the appearance of a ſponge; when a little drained, it has a moſt beautiful and foft, velvety appearance; and when quite dry, and in a ſtate of preſervation in the cabinet, it appears to the eye, and ſtill more with the aſſiſtance of a glafs, to be wholly compoſed of black woolly fibres. Hence it has been called alternately woolly, downy, or ſpongy; nor has its nature been known to thoſe, who have not viſit- ed it on the ſpot. It is accurately deſcribed as a ſponge by our countryman Ray, Syn. p. 29. 3, and probably 4. as likewife by Morifon, Hift. Ox. 3. p. 647. whoſe figure is a pretty faithful repreſentation of it. The co- lour of the recent plant is a beautiful grafs green, fometimes inclining to olive. Hab. On the Devonſhire and Cornwall Coaſts: on the Long Rock between Marazios and PENSANCE plen- tiful. Hon. Mr. WENMAN, FUCUS [ 23 ] F U CU S PLICATUS. TAB. VII. FUCUS. fronde cartilaginea, filiformi, ramofiffima, implicata, diaphana. Hudf. 470. 589. .. fronde capillari ramulis, fubfecundis implicatis diaphanis. Lightfoot. 929. Gmel. 142 RADIX, fubtus plana? CAULIS, capillaris, intortus ; (plurimi fimul naſcentes, implicati). RAMULI filiformes, implicati, fub-ſecundi, ramulis nullo ordine breviffimis. FRUCTIFICATIO, exigua, globofa, lateralis. O B SERV A TI O N E S. со Fucus hic, à LINN EO prætermiffus, Plukenetii tabulæ 184, refertur, etfi haudquaquam ut obſervavi " loris aurei." Varietates duas conſtituit D. Hudſon. ed. 1*** 470, plantas ſc. Doodii. App. 329, 330, quæ ta- men à Raio, Syn. 1. 26 and 27. p. 51, ut fpecies diverfæ reputantur. Rarò admodum in arenâ recens proji- citur, adeò ut minimè mirum fit, fi inter fe difcrepent Botanici. D. Lightfoot. plantam recentem, et exficcatam obfervavit, et utramque accuratiffimè defcripfit. E radice, quam nunquam adhùc obſervavi- mus, plures exire videntur cauliculi filiformes, implicati; ramulis nullo ordine diſpofitis, uniformibus, fub-le- cundis ; è quibus ramuli alii breviffimi; five pullulantes folùm, feu fru&ificantes, ſparsim naſcuntur. Ramuli hi, vitro au@i, fummitatibus purpureis diaphanis confpiciuntur. Magnitudo ramulorum filum emporeticum æ- quat; color, ad lucem purpureus, aliàs fubfuſcus, apicibus frequenter pallidè luteis, et quafi exſiccatis. Soli ex, pofitus citò indurefcit, et iahyocollam ementitur. Fru&ificationem nunquam obſervavi; à D. LIGHTFOOT. globoſa exigua, lateralis deſcribitur, ideoque F. verrucoſo affinis videtur fpecies. In ſpecimine penes D.Wood- ward. fru&ificatio terminalis reperitur. Hab. In auſtrali et occidentali Angliæ littore frequens reperitur. • Vid, a. in icone ubi ramuli aucti delineantur, MATTED F U CU S. PL.VII. FUCUS. frond griftly, of an equal fize, much branched, matted, ſemi-tranſparent. Hudſ. 470. 589. frond capillary little branches, moſtly one way, Lightfoot. 929 PLATES. Gmel. F. 14. 2.- Fl. Dan. 408. ROOT [ 24 ] ROOT fuppoſed to be flat at bottom. STEM thread-ſhaped, crooked, horny, many together from the baſe, entangled. BRANCHES, thread-ſhaped, entangled, growing without order, with ſhort budding ſhoots. FRUCTIFICATION, fmall lateral globules. OBSERVATIONS This plant, like F. ceranoides of Hudſon, ſeems to be very rapidly blanched, when caft on the ſands. Its car- tilaginous, horny ſubſtance is undoubtedly the cauſe of it. On this account it is very rarely met with in a growing ſtate, which has occafioned no ſmall confufion among modern Botaniſts. Ray's n. 26, 53 and 57, in the Synop- fis, 45, 51, have been ſucceſſively, and, perhaps, all of them erroneouſly referred to by different Authors. LINNæus makes no mention of it. It is well denominated from its mode of growth, being ſo entangled, and ſo horny and brittle as not to be unravelled. It may ariſe either from a flat baſe with numerous matted ftems, or elſe, like F. faſtigiatus, it may have a fibrous origin. I have never ſeen it perfe&t at bottom, and ſuſpect from the ſubſtance being ſo brittle, that the root is ſeldom torn off with the plant. Numerous branches are produced in all directions, which grow in a kind of net-work; the principal of which are furniſhed with very ſhort, bud- ding, or fruiting branches; the height of this plant rarely exceeds 6 inches; the ſize of ſtem and branches is not bigger than ſmall packthread; the purple colour does not appear, but when held to the light, or in the fum- mits of the buds; in other ſituations it is of a dark brown, and not unfrequently the ſummits are light coloured and tranſparent. Gmelin mentions it, as an orange-red, which muſt be a foreign variety, or, perhaps, a different plant. The fruit, as deſcribed by Lightfoot, ſhews its affinity to F. verrucoſus. When found blanched, which is the uſual appearance, it reſembles the ſtrings of a Kit, or ſmall fiddle, matted together, a. A ſingle plant detached. b. A branch with the budding ſhoots magnified. Hab. at WEYMOUTH, and on all the W. Coaſt, plentiful. F U C U S ACULEATUS. TAB. VIII. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, compreſſa, ramoſiſſima; dentibus marginalibus, fubulatis, alternis, erectis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 814. ramis ſparſis, fpinis mollibus alternis. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1161.-Gmel. 130.--Hud. 485. R. Syn. 48.---Lightfoot. 924.-With. 3. 259. RADIX orbiculata, fubtus plana, CAULIS, lævis, folidus, rotundus. RAMULI fub-compreffi, prælongi; ramulis aliis fparfis; fpinis mollibus. FRUCTIFICATIO, axillaris, obtusé echinatus, per maturitatem expanfus. OBSER- Verrua ce se ♡ ca 7 ce Articulatus E se F Articulatud Aculeatus I L dels [ 25 ] OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc in quibufdam cornea admodum et tenax, in quibufdam fubftantiæ penè graminez, è profundo mari in littus projicitur. Caulis pennæ anſerinæ magnitudine, brevis, inflexus, folidus, lævis. Ramuli prælon- gi, compreffi; fpinis per totam longitudinem alternis, ereais, acutis, mollibus. Ramuli hi primarii undique aliis obfidentur, nullo ordine difpofitis, triuncialibus, aut fuprà) ſpinofis, compreffis. Obſervandum eft habitum magnoperè variare: in quibufdam individuis, ramuli ſparsim producuntur; in aliis ita densè congefti funt, ut cau- dam equinam, ut re&è obfervavit D. Gunner, quodammodo referre videatur Fucus hic. Haud equidem certe ſcio, an ſpecies fint diverfæ, vel ſolummodò varietates; minùs accurata tamen F. caudati defcriptio apud D. Lightfoot. p. 926. Caulis enim, ut fuprà notavi, rotundus, craffus; ramuli autem femper funt compreffi, et cùm color luteo-viridis, et fuſcus in eâdem plantà haud rarò reperiatur minimè mirum eft fi unus et idem fit F. aculeatus et F. caudatus. Fru&ificationem huc uſque latentem nuperrimè detexi. In axillis ramulorum produ- citur fru&us, obtusè echinatus, irregularis, per maturitatem fefe expandens, fubftantiâ intus granulata. Nonnifi hyeme fru&iferum effe fufpicari libet, menſe enim Februario collegi. Si dentur fpecies duo, Fuco cau- dato referenda eft hæc deſcriptio. Etfi chara&er eſſentialis Linn. fatis aptè conveniat, notandum eft obiter, no- men triviale "muſcoidis," et obſervationem ut “exficcatus nequeat a Muſcis diſtingui," Sp. Pl. 1630. minimè convenire cum plantâ noftra. Fucus etiam fæniculaceus Raii Hift. 3. 13. in ſegmenta adeò tenuia capellacea, brevia, &c. divifus, toto cælo, ut videtur, à Fuco aculeato differt. Hab. juxta Promontorium PORTLAND Head di&tum, nec non in occidentali Angliæ littore copiosè. PRICKLY F U CU S. PL. VII. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, compreſſed, much branched: marginal teeth awl-ſhaped, alter- nate, upright. Linn. Syft. Nat. 815. branches without order, prickles foft, alternate. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1161. PLATES. Fl. dan. 355.--Hiſ. Ox. xv. 9. row. 1. 4.-Gmel. Lib. 12. ROOT ſwelling, flat at bottom. STEM round, ſmooth, folid, horny. BRANCHES, compreſſed, extended; with alternate, ſharp, ſoft prickles. FRUCTIFICATION at the ſetting in of the branches, near the bottom, irregular, obtufely echinated, expanded. OBSERVATION S. The Fucus inhabits deep waters, and is often caught in the Fiſherman's Trawl, as well as thrown on the thore. Its ramification is fingular, and has cauſed it to be compared to the tail of a ſorrel horſe. The principal branches are much extended, and come out from one, to three or more, from a crooked, twiſted, wiry ſtem of the ſize of a ſmall quill. This ſtem is of a ſhining ſmoothneſs, either of an olive, or browniſh red colour, and being cut through appears to be folid. The primary branches, which are often two feet long, are garniſhed through 1 [ 26 ] through their whole length with branches coming out without order, uſually fingle, but ſometimes two, or more together, all nearly of a length, which is about four inches, and theſe branches have occaſionally other ſmaller ones. Both primary and ſecondary branches vary little in ſize from each other, and are beſet on each ſide, with crooked, ſharp alternate prickles pointing upwards. This plant, which is by no means uncommon with us, has occafioned ftrange perplexity among Authors. «Though well deſcribed, as to the ſoft ſpines, it does not appear to have been known to Linn. otherwiſe he would not have referred the Fennel-leaved F. of R. Syn. 3. 13. to it, or have made the obſervation, that “when dry it reſembled a Mofs." Sp. Pl. 1630. It is ſtrange this ſhould have eſcaped the penetration of Lightfoot, who certainly was well acquainted with the plant in all its forms. This latter author has given a var. (Ⓡ), which probably is only an older, and more luxuriant plant. It is ſtrange that the thick fleſhy ſtalk is not noticed. Lightfoot ſays expreſsly the ſtalk is very ſmall : Major Velley ſays thread-ſhaped. With. Bot. Arr. 3. 260. I have many that anſwer this deſcription, but I incline to think the el- der plants, having their heads either torn off by the fea, or eaten off by fiſh, ſwell into thoſe woody, crooked, cylindrical ſtems from whence the principal branches are thrown up. I was fortunate enough to procure this plant in feed this Winter, and, as I have before obſerved, I ſuſpect the fruiting time of many Fuci to be during the Winter months. It conſiſts of an irregular, echinated, wart-like excreſcence coming out near the bottom at the ſetting on of the branches. It expands, when ripe, and falls down round the branch, expoſing to view a beautifully granulated ſurface, yellowiſh, ſtudded with brown. a. a. The Fruit, natural fize. b. The ſame, magnified. Hab. at the Bill of PORTLAND ISLAND, and on all the S. Coaſt of Devon and Cornwall. Though the Linnæan ſpecific character is adopted both in Lat, and Eng. it muſt be remarked that it was moſt probably intended for a differ- ent plant, though ſtrikingly characteriſtic of this. FUCUS VERRUCOSUS. TAB. VIIT. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, tereti, ramoſa; ramis alternis ſubdiſtychis, longiſſimis uniformibus ; (fruétu verrucoſo, Sparſo, laterali). Lightfoot. 928.--Hudſ. 1. ed. 470, 588.--With. 3. 256.-Ray. Syn. 51. RADIX orbicularis, fubtus plana. CAULIS filiformis, teres, ramofus. RAMULI, longiffimi, filiformes, nullo ordine, quandoque plures ex uno latere. FRUCTUS, fub-globofus, lateralis. OBSERV A TI O N E S. Saxis, lapillis, conchifve agglutinata longiffimè extenditur fpecies hæc; ramulis ejufdem ferè magnitudinis à radice ad fummitatem filiformibus, fc. diaphanis, teneris. Juxta bafim juniores nafcuntur furculi, ramis avulfis fuppeditandis, ut in F. faftigiato, obfervavimus, deſignati. Tempore fru&ificandi verrucæ fub-globofæ, latera les, pro magnitudine plantæ fatìs ampla (non, ut ait Gmel. parvulce) producuntur. Veſiculæ minus re&è nominantur à D. Hudf. ed. 1. p. 470; folidæ enim funt, aut faltèm muco fpiffo admodùm repletæ. Fucus hic à D. Lightfoot. p. 928. flagelliformis vocatur, fatis aptè quidem, fi longitudinem fpe&es in quibuſdam in dividuis, [ 27 ] dividuis, apud nos communiter pedalis, vel etiam femi-pedalis reperitur. Maris æftu irretitus, et in nodum col- le&us in arenâ projicitur, ita ut F. plicatum quodammodò referat; facilè autem diftinguitur fubftantiâ tenerà ad- modùm, et gelatinosa, necnon magnitudine fru&us. Color rofaceus, in quibuſdam olivaceus, ferè femper ad radices ruber, ut in icone. Fucus plicatus, è contra, ligneus admodùm, ramulis, non maris æltu, fed modo creſcendi, implicatis, Hab. in littoribus Devonia et Cornubiæ. WARTY F U CU S. PL. VIIT. FUCUS. frond briſtle-ſhaped, cylindrical, branched; branches alternate, very long, of one fize throughout: fructification warty, ſcattered, lateral. PLATES. Fl. Dan. 358. 650.--Gmel . f. 13.-A. Gall. 1712. t. 5. f. 9. ROOT orbicular, flat at bottom, STEM briftle-ſhaped, cylindrical, branched. BRANCHES, very long, fize of the ſtem, without order, many from one ſide. FRUCTIFICATION wart-like, ſcattered, lateral, large. OBSERVATION S. This plant affixes itſelf to pebbles, ſhells, &c. and is frequently thrown on the beach in a growing ſtate. Its uſual length with us feldom exceeds 6 or 9 inches; though Lightfoot, who calls it flagelliformis- WHIPCORD Fucus, has found it 2 feet long. The baſe is a ſmall knob firmly adhering to its place of growth, which fends out a few long ftraggling branches of one uniform fize throughout--that of packthread. The baſe, or root throws up a ſucceſſion of ſhoots, which are intended to ſupply branches in the place of thoſe, either torn off, or eaten by the fiſh. Its fubſtance is tender and tranſparent : the colour roſe, or olive; and, not unfre- quently, the former near the root, with the upper part olive. This plant, being tender and flexible, is apt to be much entangled by the waves, ſo as to occafion a difficulty in feparating. During the Summer months, the fruc- tification is commonly to be met with, and is very conſpicuous (not minute, as Gmelin and Lightfoot have del cribed it), but large in proportion to the plant, 'globular, feffile, filled with mucus within, and coming out with out any order on the fides of the branches. This ſpecies, even in its entangled ſtate, may be eafily diſtinguiſh- ed from F. plicatus-matted F. which is very horny, ſtiff and cartilaginous, and appears to be marted and en- tangled, not by the waves, but by its peculiar mode of growth. Hab, on the Coaſts of Devonſhire and Cornwall. Semi-globoſe, according to Mr. Woodward, and probably the Englith term Warty belt expreffies the idea whảch is flat at the baſe, or point of contact with the kin. See F. plicatus. Pl. vtl. FUCUS [ 28 ] FUCUS ARTICULATUS. TAB. VIL FUCUS. fronde articulata, ramofiffima; articulis ovato-cylindricis; ramis oppoſitis, et verticil- latis. Lightfoot. ULVA. tubulofa, ramofiffima articulata: articulis cylindricis; ramis oppolitis. Hudſ. 476. 569.--Lightfoot. 959.-With. Bot. arr. 3. 240. RADIX è bafi caulis intumeſcens, fubtus plana. CAULIS, brevis, ovato-articulatus. RAMULI ovato-articulati, oppofiti, ad nodos aliquando verticillati. FRUCTIFICATIO in punctulis, rotundis, juxta fummitatem immerſis. OBSERV A TI O N E S. Planta hæc apud Hudſonum inter Ulvas enumeratur, et fi fructificationem in fubftantiâ articulorum im- merfam perpendamus, inter Ulvas adhuc forsàn recenſenda eſt. In tantâ fructificationis obſcuritate, fi dentur genera intermedia inter Fucum, et Ulvam, ſpecies hæc, una cum F. verticillato, F. repenti, et aliis fructu punc- tato, immerſo, locum ſuum ſeorsim obtinebit. Utcunque fe res habet, duplicem Fuci fructificationem, “villo- ſam, et granulatam," in hâc fpecie incaſsùm perſcrutabimur. Affinis videtur F. verticillato, et F. repenti. E baſi planâ caulis affurgit brevis, ramulis undique oppofitis, foliolis, feu potiùs articulis, binis fæpiffimè, aliquan- do quaternis ad nodos articulorum. Articuli finguli, ut reétè obſervat D. Lightfoot. ovato-cylindrici, apicibus acuminatis; gelatinoſi, tubulofi. Altitudo plantæ rarò triuncialis ; color, vel roſaceus, vel dilutè purpureus; haud rarò etiam luteo-viridis ; fplendens, pellucidus. Varietas occurrit articulis compreffis, et, ut videtur, foli- dis, rariùs ad nodos verticillata cujus occurrit deſcriptio fub nomine Corallinæ in Synopfi Raii 34. Obſervan- dum eft F. repentem D. Lightfoot. 964 etfi articulatione affinis fit, minimè pro varietate hujus fpeciei recenſen- dum effe. In Walliâ ad oppidum Tenby frequentèr collegimus, cartilagineum et tenacem, rupibus præruptis, maris æſtui oppofitis firmitèr adhærentem, ope fibrillarum vel radiculorum. Fuco articulato nulla ferè eſt ſpeci- es vulgatior in Cornubiâ, nec eſt piſcibus, vel infectis marinis alendis, accommodatior. Species hæc ferè femper paraſitica eſt, et nunquam, ut fufpicor, è nudo faxo oritur. Hab. In Devoniæ et Cornubic littoribus. 1 - - ARTICULATED F U CU S. PL. VIII. FUCUS. frond jointed, very much branched; joints egg-cylindrical, tubular; branches op- pofite, with “occafional” whorls of 2 and 4. Lightfoot. 959. ULVA. tubular, jointed, branches oppofite, forked. Hudſ. 569. PLATES. Hiſt. Ox. xv. 8. row. 2. 14. [ 29 ] ROOT ſwelling out from the ſtalk, flat beneath. STEM ſhort, flenderer than the branches, jointed; joints egg-cylindrical. BRANCHES oppoſite, jointed, ſwelling in the middle, whorls of leafits in 2 and 4. FRUCTIFICATION, blood-red dots imbedded. OBSERV A T I O N S. Ir is remarkable that this ſpecies, fo common with us, is omitted by LINNEUS. Its particular mode of growth, the branches reſembling ſtrings of oval beads, ſharp at each end, give it the appearance of ſome of the geniculated Confervæ, and ſtill more of ſome of the Corallines. Lightfoot and Dr. Withering claſs it among the Fuci, and, though it may be more nearly related to that Genus than to Ulva, yet from what I have remarked on the eſſential chara&er of Fucus, it will, I truſt, be abſolutely neceſſary to fub-divide that Genus. There ap- pear to be ſeveral varieties differing in fize and colour, as well as in the flatneſs or roundneſs of the joints: the uſual ſize from 2 to 3 inches high, pretty thickly branched; the branches, at firſt, oppoſite, towards the fum- mits, dichotomous. The joints of the ftem, and the branches, ſmall at bottom, bigger in the middle, and fmall at the top. At the joinings often come out leafits, like the joints, but ſlenderer, in whorls of 4, or in pairs. It feems as if this appearance, which nearly conneâs it with F. verticillatus, does not take place univerſally, and only in the cylindrical ſpecies, as Hudſon and Ray mention nothing of it. The round jointed ſpecies is tubular, many of the compreſſed kinds appear to be folid; which, however allied in general habit, tenderneſs, and tranſ- parency, will keep them afunder. Theſe plants are oftener Paraſites, than Rock plants: the ſtems of F. digita- tus are covered with them. The colours, pink, pale purple, or yellowiſh green, beautifully tranſparent. The fru&ification, minute blood-red dots, imbedded in the upper joints. Hab. common N. B. Since printing the Preface to this Faſciculus, wherein I deſcribed the mode of preſerving and diſplay- ing the ſpecimens, I have had a correſpondence with an ingenious. Friend, who is a very accurate Botaniſt, and he informs me from his own experience, that the larger and more fucculent fpecimens are apt to grow mouldy, even after they have been treated with all the attention I have recommended. This arifes from the quantity of falts remaining after preſſure. To remedy this, he has ſteeped his plants in large earthen pans fill. ed with freſh water for ſeveral days, changing the water twice or thrice a day; and by this method he has pre- ſerved ſome fine ſpecimens of the largeſt kinds, which have kept their freſhneſs and beauty for ſeveral years, without the flighteſt appearance of any mouldy ſtains. * The Rev. Mr. BAKER, of Stouts Hill, Gloucefterfluire, The feation in Major VELLXy's Plate of F. veſiculofus, which I had conſidered as a biffe&ted Air bladder, I find upon reference to the Plate and the Explanation, to be a tranſverſe fe&ion of the diftended fummit in a magni fied ftate. This has been kindly communicated to me by the Major himſelf, K [ 30 ] It may be neceffary to repeat here, that the Theory of the concealed fibrous fru&ification, as far as regards F. veficulofus, reſts entirely on the filky filaments being found conſtantly on the inſide of the bladder : as this plant is furniſhed with imbedded, urn-ſhaped veſſels in the ſame manner as F. ferratus, it may involve a diffi- culty, as ſuppoſing a two-fold male fructification; but the fame does not hold with F. foliquofres, where the fi- laments are found extended longitudinally acroſs the cavities of the pod. In treating too of F. fperalis, it is inſinuated that F. divaricatus is not furniſhed with air-veſſels. The Plant I have taken for this ſpecies, has few, if any, and thoſe inconſiderable ones; but Lightfoot aſſerts it is veſiculated, and Major Velley's Obſer- vations confirm the fact. But notwithſtanding the difficulties which may attend the inveſtigation I cannot help being of opinion, from the filky filaments conſtantly found on the inſide coat of the air-bladder, that ſome fur- ther uſe than mere buoyancy is intended by Nature. May it not be to maturate the impregnating vapour, and to preſerve it from contact with water ? However the caſe may be, it is hoped the attention of thoſe whoſe ſituation gives them an opportunity will be directed towards this fubje&t. F. SANGUINEUS. PI. VII.-Since the foregoing ſheets have gone to the Preſs, the Preſident of the Linn. Society has favoured me with a ſight of a Plant of this ſpecies, moſt beautifully fructified. By his per- miſſion, the ſegments of the leaf ftalk (a. natural fize : b. magnified) have been delineated and inſerted in the Plate. Theſe fructifications will appear at firſt fight to be very nearly fimilar to thoſe on the ſtalks of F. rubens, and, if they are really pedunculated, the upper part of the pedicle is confiderably incraſſated. It ap- pears rather pyriformis---pear-ſhaped, which, with ſome undulations, is the form of the mucous fruit with the blood-red granules on the ſtem and the edges of the leaf in F. rubens, as will appear by the inſpection of the magnified Drawings of that Plant. € e 0 F. phyllitis [ 31 ] FUCUS SACCHARINUS. . TAB. IX. FUCUS. fronde cartilaginea, fimplici, rugosâ, enfiformi. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1650.-Bauh. Pr. 154. - Pin. 364.-Raii, Syn. 39.---Lightfoot, 940.-With. Bot. Arr. 4. 96. Var. B.-Linn. Tr. 3. 151. RADIX divaricata, lignca, agglutinata. CAULIS teres, brevis, folidus. FRONS fimplex, enfiformis, prælonga, in medio bullata. FRUCTIFICATIO mucoſa, reticulata : interna, vel in finubus rugarum. SEMINA minutiffima, OBSERVATIONES. Fucus hic, Balteiformis Raij, Phaſganoides BAUHINI, è caule rotundo, breviuſculo in longitudinem cubi. talem, aut fuprà, producitur. Frons fimplex, craffa, in medio eximiè rugoſa, marginibus undulatis, apice rotundato. Radix fibrofa, et glutine tenaci inftru&a tantam plantæ molem commodiffimè fuftentat. Superficies glaberrima, nitens, et quafi vernice quodam obdu&a; color olivaceus, maceratione plantæ in aquam efunditur. Edulis hæc planta eſt; co&a tamen, et lade infula: exficcata, autem et ad parietem fufpenfa, ad dignoſcen- das cæli mutationes pauperum fit Hygrometer. E plantâ ficcâ fal, facchari guſtu exſudat, autore Sesaldo, un- de nomen a Linneo fumptum. Frons quandoque ad bafim triquetra eft, Fru&ificatio juxta D. Gmelin in finubus rugarum fita eft: attentiffimè rem perpendenti, nec non microſcopii compofiti ope multoties repetità, mucum internum reticulatum per totam frondem maturo tempore fru&iferum el- ſe, ſeminulaque in finus per foramina lente maximè augenti conſpicienda unà cum muco evadere conftat. Veſi- culæ irregulares, innatæ in fronde, ficut in F. digitato, reperiuntur ; et in iis, tempore opportuno, granula quae- dam interiori cutis fuperficiei adhærentia obſervavi: hinc libet conjicere plantas haſce congeneres effe. (VAR. 3.) FUCUS. fronde fimplici, planâ, enfiformi. Herb. Buddle. p. 21.-Petiver. v. 1. p. 15.- Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 151. var. *. Arrinis valde præcedentis, fi non fit potius F. digitati varietas; qui perfæpe ftipiti brevi innititur ; fronde quam maximè dilatatà et indivisa. L SUGAR • Frondis fuperficies aliquando, fed perrard occurrit fine bullis-Var. a. D. D. Goodenough et Woodward, Gmelin, t. 28. Ex duo, tres vel plures quandoque planta radicibus inter fe implicatis reperiantur, fingulæ tamen ex fingulis radicibus oriuntur. Corrigendas hic error in priore Fasc. ubi radices F. digitati ramificatione folå plantam faftigere afferui, • Seminula in faperficie F. digitati detesi. Vid. Præf. Lat. p. xxi, • Veicula lua bullis, ut vocantur, ditinda funt: et forfan, rugæ in medio frondis, ex una parte convexe, ex altera concavæ minus ređe vo- tur bulla, quæ aerem inclufum denotant, [ 32 ] SUGARF U CU S. PL. IX. OR SEA BELT. FUCUS. frond ſimple and undivided, welted, ſword-ſhaped. PLAT E S. Gmel.-t. 27.-A. Gall. 1712. t. 3. f.4.--Gunn. ii. 7. 2.-Oed. Dan. t. 416. ROOT ſpreading, fibrous, woody. STEM ſhort, cylindrical, ſolid. FROND ſword-ſhaped, very long and broad; thick, ſtiff, and welted in the middle; margin thinner, undulated. FRUCTIFICATION internal, or in the folds of the wrinkles ; conſiſting of a reticulated, tubular, tranſparent mucus. SEEDS very minute; only at times diſcoverable by the microſcope, OBSERVATIONS. Tuis is one of the largeſt growing Fuci, often extending more than a yard in length, and four or five inches in width. It conſiſts of a ſimple undivided frond, ſhaped and welted as above deſcribed. This frond is of the moſt poliſhed ſurface, and thines as if it had been varniſhed over; its fubſtance is cartilaginous, and remarkably full of deep longitudinal finuſes near the margin, and irregular cavities and pro- tuberances tranſverſely: the bullæ, as they have been called, being hollow or indented on one ſide, and in re- lief, or prominent on the oppoſite one. Nature has furniſhed this plant with a ſtrong, woody, fibrous root, by which it infinuates itſelf among rocks or ooze, or lays hold of large pebbles and the ſtems of other Fuci, and theſe roots are ſupplied with the ſame Gluten that abounds in the diſcoid baſes of the reſt of the genus. Its name of Saccharinus, or Sugar Fucus, was adopted by LINNEUs from SIBBALD's obſervation of its exſuding a white ſugary effloreſcence when dry : Ray's term Bell-ſhaped, and BAUHINE's Sword or Scymitar-ſhaped are certainly more appropriate. This ſpecies is eaten in the Northern part of the Iſland; not raw, but boiled with milk; and, when dry, and ſuſpended in an airy place it forms an admirable Hygrometer, and preſerves its qualities for years. With • Gmelin's Plate is not very expreſſive of its figure: it repreſents three ftems growing from one root. > Small clutters of thefe plants are ſometimes, though rarely, met with, but each has its ſeparate root. • The term bulle has been applied by refpe&able authority to the tranſverſe welts in the middle of the frond, but as the Latin term implies 3 hollow Ball, it does not hold good, as will be ſeen by a tranfverfe fection of the frond. [ 33 ] With reſpeâ to its mode of Fru&ification, I have paid great attention to it under the different powers of my microſcope in all ſtages of its growth, and at different ſeaſons of the year. Gmelin fays the femuſes on the frond are filled with a prolific mucus containing naked ſeeds. Having nicely pared off the external coat, I found the internal fubſtance the ſame as in the kindred plants of F. digitatus and polyſchides-a reticulated pellucid mucus with a membrane of partition in the middle. This membrane conſiſts of tubular vefſels, as I have deſcribed in F. digitatus. At ſome ſeaſons of the year irregular bladders fimilar to thoſe on F. digitatus are obſervable, which may be conſidered I think as an expanfion of the mucus preparatory to fru&ification. On diſcating theſe bladders I could perceive the reticulation in the mucus, which is now more fluid; and, at ſome favourable mo- ments I have ſeen cluſters of very minute feeds, as I fufpe&t them to be, adhering to the inner coat of the bladder. The ſurface under the ſtrongeſt magnifiers, when the fru&ification is maturated, diſcovers minute apertures like pin-holes; from whence we may imagine that the mucus or ſeeds, which Gmelin obſerved in the finuſes, were diſcharged from within. On maceration this Fucus gives out a brown tint. (V ARB.) FUCUS. frond ſmooth, without welts. PLAT IS. Gmel. 28.-Ad. Nat. Cur. v. 8. t. 9. f. 2. This variety is inſerted on the authority of Buddle and Periver's Herbaria. I have never yet met with it. I ſhould imagine that the dried ſpecimens in the Herbaria of Buddle and Petiver were more enfiform than the fi- gure of Gmelin, in order to entitle it to a place here. I am rather inclined to arrange GMelin's t. 28, as a va- riety of F. digitatus. N. B. This ſpecies from fru&ification belongs to Genus Ceramium of the Synoptic Table. • Lightfoot has quoted Gmelia's words without acknowledging it; I queſtion if he confirmed the truth of it by his own experience See the Introdu&ion, p. til ROT • See Pc 111. , . There may be the abſorbent pores. F U CU S PHYLLITIS. TAB. IX FUCUS. fronde membranaceâ, planâ, fimplici, enfiformi; marginibus undulatis; ftipite bre- villimo. Rai. Syn. p. 40.--With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 100.--Lightfoot. F. facch. var. B.-- Hudſ. var. 2 RADIX divaricata, tenax, agglutinata. CAULIS, brevillimus, teres, corneus. FRONS, enfiformis, fimplex, membranacea, in medio plana, marginibus undulatis. FRUCTIFICATIO incognita. OBSER [ 34 ] OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc, ut varietas F. faccharini, vulgò recenfetur, etfi fubftantiâ et habitu longè diffimilis fit. Multos abhinc annos D. Luwyd in Synopſi Raij hujuſce plantæ fub nomine Fuci phyllitidis folio, mentionem fecit, ac Inſulæ MON È attribuit.. Recentiores Botanici parum cautè, ut mihi videtur, cum F. faccharino conjunxere. D. Lightroot (FI. Scot. p. 941.) ait “ frequenter a fe obſervari ſaxis affixas, et mari innatantes juniores F. faccharini plantas, mirari tamen fe illarum tenuiffimam, et quaſi membranaceam texturam ; manû enim impo- fitum foliolum calore illicò criſpari, et intorqueri." Hinc inductus ut varietas F. faccharini potius quam junior planta in Flora Scotica collocavit; hujus fecutus exemplum, D. Hudson. duabus prioribus tertiam hanc adjunxit. Re . verâ, unus et idem eſt Fucus hic, etfi in tam diverſis littoribus reperiatur, nec ulla ferè fpecies eſt vulgatior. Notavimus rugas, bullaſve in medio frondis F. faccharini finuofas admodùm, et profundas ; notavimus quoque craffitiem folii etiam in plantis junioribus : his adjungenda eſt nota ad diftinguendas fpecies etiam per fe idonea; F. enim phyllitis faſciculatìm provenit, radicibus inter fe implicitis ; F. faccharinus è contra ferè ſemper ſolitarius oritur. Altitudo plantæ rarò pedalis, latitudo uncialis. Fructificatio incerta admodùm. Semel, vel bis inter ramenta a procellis in littore ejecta portionem frondis vefi- culis ut in F. faccharino obducam repperi. Mucus intùs tenuis; haud ſcio an fit reticulatus necne. Edulem effe teftatur D. Lawyd, nec mirum fi ulvam umbilicam, cui fubftantia et tenuitate affinis eft, etiam ſapore æmuletur. Hab. in Inf. Mona, Scotia, et in Auſtrali Ang. littore. * Vid. RAIJ Syn. p. 40. • Vid. quæ obfervavi reſpectu var, bullati et fimplicis, in articulo F. Sacchar. - HART'S-TONGUE F U CU S. PL. IX. FUCUS. fimple, membranaceous, ſword-ſhaped, without a midrib; edges waved and plaited, ſtalk cylindrical, ſhort, PLATE, Gmel. t. 28. 2. ROOT, fibrous, woody, ſpreading. STEM, ſhort, round. FROND, long and narrow, tapering upwards; thin and ſmooth in the middle; plaited, and flounced at the edges. FRUCTIFICATION uncertain. OBSER- This, though a very faulty repreſentation, is referred by Gmelin to Ray's Synopſis, p. 40. n. Irregular inflated bladders appear at times on the frond, as expreffed in the Plate, and theſe contain a thin mucus, but I have not been able to diſcover either the network of tubes, or the feeds, [ 35 ] OBSERVATIONS. This, as a rare Welch Plant, has been enumerated in every Britiſh Flora fince the days of Ray. Its long, harrow, ſword-ſhaped leaf, ſhort ſtalk, and branching root, has cauſed it to be taken for a variety of the Sea Belt deſcribed in the former article. The ſlighteſt attention to the habit of that plant would have evinced the neceſſity of making this a new ſpecies. I have found the former very ſmall, and to appearance budding out; but even in that young flate, its firm fleſhy texture, and ſtrong finuous wrinkles are very conſpicuous. I entertain little doubt that thoſe ſmall pellucid plants noticed by Lightroor on the Scottiſh Coaſt, ſo thin as to curl inſtantly on being laid in the palm of the hand, were individuals of this ſpecies, and not varieties of the Sea Belt. Hudſon likewiſe in his ſecond edition ſeems to have noticed this plant, and to have placed it among his varieties. I firſt diſcovered it at Tenby in South WALES, and afterwards plentifully at PORTLAND HEAD. In co- lour and thinneſs it much reſembles the true Laver, and I have no doubt might be ſubſtituted for it; for we find from Mr. Lawyd that it is eaten in Wales. This Fucus, where it is met with, is found in great abundance in pools of ſhallow water, and has a ſtriking peculiarity, which likewiſe ferves to diſtinguiſh it from the great Sea Belt, viz. its growing in cluſters with the roots entangled together; whereas the Sea Belt is uſually a ſolitary plant. The general height is from fix inches to a foot, and about an inch wide. I have never ſeen it of the fize mentioned by RAY, Syn. 40, but believe it grows ſometimes larger in deep water, as I have found fragments with the bladders mentioned in the deſcription thrown up after ſtorms. The reference to BAUHINE's Prodromus, p. 154. n. 4. by LICHTFOOT muſt be reje&ed, as, from the ſhort deſcription given of that plant, it does not ſeem a native of the Britiſh Seas. . It is hardly ever found in cluſters of leſs than five or fix, and often many more together. F U CU S NODOSUS, TAB. X. FUCUS. caule compreſſo, dichotomo; medio ramorum in veficulam dilalato. Herb. Linn. Buddle, p. 13.-Petiver, p. 35.-Sp. P. 1628--Fl. Lapp. 464.-Bauh. Pin. 365.-Raii, Syn. 48.--Roy. Lugd. 514.-Hudf. 468.-Lightfoot, 918.-With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 84. RADIX diſcoides, faxis agglutinata. CAULIS, longiffimus, ramofus, compreffus; veliculis caule grandioribus. FOLIA ſpathulata è margine caulis. VESICULÆ, caulinæ ovatæ, ampliatæ. FRUCTIFICATIO, ovata, tuberculata, in apicibus foliorum, è muco retiformi, granulisque orbicularibus, ſemi- niferis conftans. OBSERVATIONES. UBIQUE occurrit fpecies hæc permixta Fucis vulgatioribus-veficulofo, ferrato, et canaliculato. Veliculis M ovatis [ 36 ] ovatis in caulis medio intumeſcentibus, nccnon habitu creſcendi in longum extenſo, ab aliis diſtinguitur. In [co- pulis alternatìm ficcis, fubmerfifve, æquè ac in profundioribus locis reperitur. Altitudo plantæ variat reſpectu fitûs ; aliquando ufque ad ulnas duas accedit. Subſtantiæ coriaceæ admodùm et tenacis eft, et in portubus terra interclufis, fignis haud dubiis etiam annoſa reperitur. In iſtiuſmodi plantis veſiculas aëriferas juxta bafin plantæ uncias quatuor longas, et cuti erafliffimâ obdu&tas cernere eft. • Fructus, a veſiculis fupradi&tis longè diverſus, in apicibus foliorum producitur, oleam conditam formâ et colore ementitus, tuberculis extùs, ut in F. veſiculofo. Portio ejus tranſversùm vel longitudinalitèr de medio • fecta gelatinam tubuloſo-reticulatam, granaque, feu pericarpia orbicularia, feminibus pyriformibus, immer- fis exhibet. Maculæ retium in hac fpecie ſub-hexangulæ funt. Rami bini, ternive prælongi: folia uncialia, vel biuncialia, ſpathulata, nullo certo ordine, quandoque alternatìm, in aliis fpeciminibus faſciculatìm producuntur, et planta tota ramofiffima eſt. Notandum eſt apices ramulorum ferè femper furcatos, et divaricatos eſſe, a cibus furcarum longiſſimis. Veſiculæ in caule, fila quædam diaphana in medio oftendebant, quandoque aëris incluſi bullis monilis ad inftar baccata. Pars interior veficularum muco chryftallino obducta eſt. Defunt fila iſta, utpote et mucus, in provectio- ribus veſiculis unde cuivis facilè patebit illorum usus; ætate enim incraffatis veficulæ lateribus, non opus eſt intùs aëre elaſtico, quo diftendantur. Re verâ, tanta ineft veſiculis fublevandi vis, ut planta bicubitalis in tranquillo mari è fundo, arboris ad inftar erigatur, ut ex ſcaphâ obfervavi. Species hæc perrarò fru&ifera eſt. Accurata admodùm obfervatio in A&. Linn. v. 3. p. 191. Confervam polymorpham paraſitam hujuſce fpeciei pæne exclufivam effe. Hab. paffim. Vid. Tab. x. a, a, a. Vid. Tab. IX. CC. 1 1 1 KNOBBED FUCUS, PL. x. OR Sea Whistles, FUCUS. frond compreſſed, dichotomous, imbedded with air-bladders, larger than the ftem. PLAT E S. Fl. Dan. 146-Gmel. F. 1. B. 1.-Hift. Ox. xv. 8. row, 3, 2.---Baſter. 11. 5.-Dod. 481. 1.-Ger. emac. (well expreſſed confidering its being ſo much reduced). 1568. 6.--Park. 1293.- Reaumur. A&t. Gall. 1712. t. 2. f. 3. ROOT diſcoid, adhering to the rock. ITA STEM, very long, branched, much compreſſed; with large oval air-bladders ſwelling out at intervals; and de- creaſing in fize upward. LEAVES 1 tar [ 37 ] LEAVES battledore-ſhaped, fub-alternate, growing from the edges. * FRUCTIFICATION, an oblong, tuberculated fruit, fwelling out in the ſummits of the leaves; with an inter- nal reticulated mucus, and round, ſeed-bearing granules. OBSERVATIONS. This ſpecies is common every where, intermixed with the ferrated, bladder, and other larger Fuci. Its fin- gularly trailing habit, and the large oblong air-bladders imbedded in the fubftance of, and twice as large as the ſtalk, ferve at once to diſcriminate it. It generally conſiſts of one or two very long compreſſed branches riſing from the bottom, garniſhed with leaves coming out of the edges, which are often fingle, and frequently two or more out of the fame focket. Theſe leaves are from one to four inches long; narrow and compreffed for the greateſt part of their length, and expanding near the fummits in a circular form. The height of the plant varies according to its ſituation: in expoſed rocks not exceeding two feet, in deep tranquil water being more than two ells long. The uſe of the air-bladders in the latter ſituation is conſpicuous; I have paſſed in a boat over beds of this weed in Fal- MOUTH Harbour, with their fummits near the ſurface even in deep water and their ſtems as ere& as trees, The fruâification of this ſpecies in colour and ftruure is analogous to that deſcribed in the generic character Fucus. It is produced in the ſummits of the leaves, which occafionally, though rarely, fru&ify. This plant, as well as F. filiquoſus, is properly aphyllons, or leaf-leſs. The reticulated jelly differs from that of F. veſiculofus in the form of the meſhes, which are inclined to hexagonal . The feeds, as in the others, are pear-ſhaped. I cut open ſome of the air-bladders of different ages; in the growing ones I found threads of a ſhining tranſparent ſubſtance, with air-bubbles occaſionally in them like beads. In the more adult bladders there were none of theſe threads, but the fides had acquired a great degree of thickneſs and elaſticity ſo as to be perfea buoys. On the in- ſide there was generally a beautifully emboſſed net-work. Lichtroor fays, Boys amuſe themſelves by making whiſtles of them, from whence its name is derived. I have never ſeen that uſe made of them, but they are conſtantly made into ſquirts to ſpout water, for which pur- poſe, the larger ones are admirably adapted by their elaſtic texture. • This Plant fru&ifies very rarely indeed. . This is not always the caſe : I have ſeen it regularly alternate branched, the branches ſhortening as they approach the top as in the fors. • See the Preliminary Differtation, Pk. 1%. A A.G. C. See P. IX. D. • There is no doubt that this ſpecies, which has the firmelt texture of any in the genus, acquires a conſiderable degree of longevity. "I am informed from refpe&able Authority, that the Boys on the river Severn conſtantly make whiftles of them. F UCUS LOREUS. TAB. x. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, comprella, dichotoma, undique, utrinque tuberculata. Linn. S. N. 813.-Rai, Syn. 43. n. 15. (planta recens e ſemine). Hudf. 583.--Lightfoot, 920.- Schloſſer in Gent. Mag. 1756. p. 54-With. Bot. Arr. 4.89.-- Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 176. RADIX [ 38 ] RADIX diſcoides, cotyledonem fungiformem fuftentans. FRONS è cotyledone, dichotoma, craffiffima, tuberculata, viſcoſa. FRUCTIFICATIO, gelatina, pellucida, flexuoſo-retiformis, granulis orbicularibus, feminiferis, per totam frondem. SEMINA, grandiuſcula, pyriformia. OBSERV A TI O N E S. Frons Fuci hujus, quæ in plantis vigentibus ferè femunciam lata eſt, perperam a Linneo filiformis vocatur ; in plantis enim recentibus Phaſeoli filiquam latitudine, imò et craffitie æmulatur. Subſtantia viſcoſa admodùm, b tuberculis utrinque ordine obliquo per totam fuperficiem erumpentibus. Tubercula ifta apicibus ab initio obferra- tis, maturo dehinc tempore foraminofis, etiam oculo inermi cernuntur. Mucus hinc feminibus miftis in mare ex fudat. Origo fingularis admodùm ; ineunte æſtate rupes, ubi fpecies hæc habitat, plantulis acetabuliformibus operiun tur. Hæ pro Fungis, vel potius Pezizis marinis, a RAIO accipiuntur; harum è medio prodeunt folia bina, craffa, ſub-compreſſa, quæ, intervallis fatis longis, dichotomiam perfe£tè incremento fervant, et ad + longitudi- nem trium, vel etiam ſex ulnarum aliquando producuntur. Fru&tificatio è baſi per totam plantam extenditur. Tubercula numeroſa utrinque ordine obliquo extùs confpi- ciuntur, et, fi ad lucem ſpectes, pericarpia orbicularia, feminifera, generi propria, intus fefe oſtendunt. Portio quælibet tenuis de medio tranſversìm ſecta gelatinam prorsùs diaphanam exhibet è tubulis, haud quidem reticulatis, ut in F. veſiculofo, fed undulatis vel flexuofis compofitam. Granula orbicularia, fuprà notata, coloris pallide fufci, interiori cutis parti adhæreſcunt. In fingulis granulis, femina pyriformia bina, terna, et quandoque fena reperiuntur. Ineunte hyeme tubercula, feu verrucæ pro ratione frondis fatis amplæ, oblongæ, opacæ, innatæ haud rarò per intervalla inveniuntur; neque alienum fuerit conjicere hafce è feminibus pullulantibus enaſci, et fronde marcefſente in Pezizas iftas fupradictas feſe evolvere, Frons intermedia inter cylindricam et compreffam, cujus fe&io tranſverſa figuram ovatam, latitudine dimidio mi- norem longitudine, exhibet. (VAR. B.) OCCURRiT var, a D. Woodward juxta YARMOUTH obſervata, fronde latiffimâ, irregulari, planâ, inter- nodiis paucioribus, angulis quoque dichotomiæ obtufioribus. Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 179. NAR- . Partem hanc radici, feu bafi fuperimpofitam cotyledonem nominavi, ctfi reverà unica fit, et fui generis. Vid. Tab. X.e. Vid. Tab. x. ff. c Vid. Tab. X. c. * Intervalla, feu fpatia inter dichotomias plerumque pedalia, aliquando cubitalia funt, internodia tamen hæc in plantis in orientali Angliæ littore breviora eſſe, totamque plantæ molem ex litteris D. Woodward certior fum fa&us. • Semina aliquando in fronde creſcunt, et in tuberculum ovatur ampliantor. Vid. Tab. x. Fig. 58%. [ 39 ] NARROW-LEAVED FU C F U CUS, PL. x. OL Sea Thongs. FUCUS, ſtrap-ſhaped, compreſſed, dichotomous, tubercled throughout on each fide. PLATES. Fl. Dan. 710.-Gent. Mag. 1756. 64. f. 1.4.-Ger. em. 1565. 5. (very inaccurate). Reaumur. Ax. Gall. 1712. p.24. f. 2. et 1772. p. 2. pl. 3. f. 14. y. ROOT, diſcoid, fupporting a cup-ſhaped baſe. FROND, dichotomous with long ſegments, ovate-compreſſed, full of tubercles, ſemi-tranſparent, viſcous. FRUCTIFICATION, extending through the plant-a tranſparent jelly with a flexuous network of tubes, and orbicular feed bearing granules. SEEDS--largiſh, from three, to fix in each globule. N. B. Theſe are frequently impregnated in the frond and fwell into large knobs. OBSERVATIONS. It ſeems ſtrange that LINNEUS has applied the term (filiformis) thread.ſhaped to the frond of this ſpecies, which, in luxuriant ſpecimens, is nearly half an inch wide. It may, however, be in fome meaſure accounted for from the very unuſual contra&ion of this viſcous, ſpongy plant in drying, and it is well known how many plants were deſcribed by him from Herbaria. The growth of this plant is fo remarkable that in its infant ftate it was miſtaken by a very accurate Botanift for a kind of fub-marine Fungus. The rocks early in the fummer feem covered with theſe little faucer-ſhaped plants. As the ſummer advances, they puſh forth from their centres two; ſometimes, though rarely, three leaves, which, at intervals from nine inches to a foot, or more, are regularly forked and divided, and are continued in that perfea dichotomous mode at times to the length of ſeven yards : the intervals between the forks increaſing in length upwards. The frond is thick, and fucculent; ſomewhat be- tween cylindrical and compreſſed; a tranſverſe flice exhibiting an elliptic figure twice as long as it is wide. It is tubercled on each ſurface throughout its whole length in an oblique dire&ion, and, when held up to the light, diſcovers through the ſkin the orbicular maffes of ſeeds on the infide. When the ſeeds are ripe, theſe tubercles have perforations viſible to the naked eye, and at thoſe times a thick mucus filled with feeds is diſcharged. If the plant is ſuffered to dry in the fun or wind, the jelly hardens into pellucid filky filaments, which have been taken N for See Pi.. PL. *.566 • Ray. Syn. p. 43. n. 15 See the curious account of this occurrence in Boriales Nat. Hift. Cornwall, p. 237, and the figure of the Perita at the bafe of the plant, Pt. • In vigorous ſpecimens I have feen them four feet long : theſe inttrmedia Mr. Woodward informs me are much shorter on the Norfolk Coat See Linn. Tr. Y. 3. p. *77 * This plant, when mature, is one of the most proper to be diffelted in order to ftudy the mode of fru&ification peculiar to Genus Fucus, as it is confiderably larger than in any of the other ſpecies. See Px. *. ff. [ 40 ] for pencils of hairs. In order to inveſtigate the fructification, I cut a thin tranſverſe flice out of the frond, and placing it on the field of my compound microſcope, I diſcovered the jelly pellucid as glaſs, with the tubes not reticulated, but as it were undulated; the orbicular maſſes were ſticking to the interior coat juſt beneath the exter- nal tubercles. The feeds were of a conical ſhape, larger than any I had obſerved, and fewer in each globule. I noted Ray's obſervation on it in its feedling ſtate, as a perfect plant; the ſame miſtake occurs in BAUHINE'S Hiſtory, p. 364, with reference to IMPERATI under the name of muſhroom-ſhaped Fucus. Dr. BORLASE, in his Natural Hiſtory of Cornwall, p. 237, mentions having actually meaſured ſome plants twenty-two feet long. This I have never aſcertained, though the tangled maſſes thrown on the ſhore, which from the tender texture of the plant it is impoſſible to unravel, may juſtify the notion of its being ſo long. (v ÅR. ß.) The frond quite plain and flat, very irregularly varying from half an inch to an inch and half in width : the di- viſions fewer and the angles of the dichotomy very obtuſe. Found at YARMOUTH. Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 179. This fingular variety has been noticed in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy at Paris, 1772. v. 2. Pl. 4. f. 18. Hab. Geer Rock, PENSANCE, and elſewhere plentiful. * See With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 96. This happens to the fruit pods of the bladder, ſerrated, and other Fuci; and it is the induration of the ſame jelly exſuding through the orifices of the imbedded veſicles in the frond of the above, and ſome other ſpecies, which has been miſtaken for pencils of hairs--the filets courts of Reaumur, but without anthere. From three to fix in each granule. * Fucus fungularis. F U CU S FILUM. TAB. X. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, fimplici, longiſſimâ, inflatâ, fub-pellucida. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1631.--Raij, Syn. 40. 3.-Hudſ. 587.-Lightfoot. 963.-With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 108. -Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 193, RADIX diſcoides, tenuis. FROND, fimplex, longiffima, inflata, futura ſpirali, diffepimentis ? ad intervalla. FRUCTIFICATIO, gelatina, pellucida, tubulis flexuofis, bulliſque aëris intùs, SEMINA, fine granulis; minutiffima, glomerata, interiori cutis fuperficiei affixa. OBSERVATIONES. * Fucus teres, prælongus Chordam referens," aptiffimè a Ralo nuncupatur planta hæc ; utpote quæ non fo- lum longitudine, et formâ, fed etiam pellucidate habituque creſcendi intorto chordam muficam refert. Minus ap- tè [ 41 ] te u ſubfragilem" vocat LINNEUS, nulla enim fpecies, recens, tenacior; etfi ad folem dealbata, vel in Herba- rio exficcata fragilis evadat. Filum Germanicum BAUHINI (Prod. 155), et Bocconis (Muſ. 271.), diverfa vi- detur fpecies " pluribus ex eâdem bafi provenientibus filis, nigricantibus, et inter fe complicatis." Notandum eft plantam hanc juxta baſin valdè exilem effe, itemque ad apicem etiam attenuatum. Longitudine Fuco loreo par eſt; in Portu FALMOUTH di&o uſque ad feptemdecim pedes, ut ipſe expertus fum, accedit. A nemine, ut fcio, obſervata eſt cuticula per totam longitudinem fpiræ ad modum contorta; futurâ etiam fpirali, quæ etſi minùs coſtâ aliquâ exteriori evidens fit, plantâ tamen ad lucem ſuſpensà, vitroque modicè augenti inveſtigatà, cuivis facilè patebit. Apparent ad lucem etiam mudo oculo diffepimenta, globulique aëris pafsim et fine ordine. Diſlepi menta hæc, etfi fibris capillaribus intertexta, nihil attinent ad fru&ificationem: vapor elaſticus intus inclufus, forsàn mediantibus hifce, intra certos fines cohibetur. Internâ hâc partium ftru&ura planta hæc omnium forfan maximè elaſtica, antequam a rupibus vi flu&uum avellatur, nuſquam non fine nodo, et re&è fefe extendit. Fru&ificatione genericà Fuci in Præfatione ſtabilita, ex chara&ere fuprà notato neceſſe eſt plantam hanc genus novum conftitu- ere.. Gelatina interior, fibrarum capillarium textura, bullis quoque aëris immixtis primo afpe&u diverſa eſt; defunt etiam granula intùs, feu pericarpia orbicularia, feminifera, necnon tubercula, vel papillæ in fuperficie, fo- raminibus ad apices. Vitris tamen compofitis, et maximè augentibus, feminula minutiffima rotundiuſcula, glo- merata, interiori cutis fuperficiei affixa detexi. Color olivaceus, fuperficies lubriciffima. Hab. In Portu FALMOUTH, et paſſim. • Accuratiffimi Botanici fruftrà fepta hæc quæfivere, et pro certo tenuiflima funt, et quafi evanida ; cuti adeo tenaci incluſa ut difficillimum fit frondem fine injuriâ diffecare. Sæpius tamen fila quædam implicata, partem, ut fum fufpicatus membranæ cujufdam retiformis, ad intervalla tranſversim protenfa obfervavi : et ratio quidem poftutat vaporem intus elafticum internodiis quibufdam contineri, ► In Tab. Syn. p. xxiv, Chorda nuncupatur. • Vid. Tab. x. b. portionem plantæ maximè au Cam. cc Tubulos flexuofos unà cum aëris bullis, dd d Seminula glomerata. THREAD FUCUS, PL, X. OR Sea Laces. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, very long, elaſtic, ſemi-tranſparent. PLATES Fl. Dan. 821. - Pet.gaz. 91.5. ("Sussex SEA STRAW."). ROOT diſcoid, thin, fmall. FROND cylindrical, fingle, very long, twiſted, inflated; parted internally by diaphragms ? FRUCTIFICATION, a tranſparent mucus with tubes wreathed, and twiſted with numerous imbedded air- bubbles. SEEDS, extremely minute, naked, cluſtered; adhering to the inner coat, OBSER. [ 42 ] OBSERVATIONS. This Plant, notwithſtanding its * internal partitions, has no affinity with genus Conferva. The uſe of theſe I conceive to be to confine the air, or elaſtic vapour within certain ſpaces, which ſeems quite neceſſary in a plant which is extended to ſuch an amazing length, as likewiſe to increaſe its buoyancy, which is ſo confiderable, that I have ſeen it in tranquil waters pointing upwards like a reed. Its elaſticity is ſuch in a growing ſtate, that it never entangles itſelf, as we find to be the caſe when thrown on the beach. From hence it may be inferred that Lin. N£Us when he inſerted the terms " fub-fragilis et opaca"-brittle and opaque, muſt have deſcribed from dry fpecimens, and it is equally probable that PETIVER's plant. The white Suſſex Straw was no other than a ſpeci- men bleached, as we often find it by the ſun, or wind. The whole plant conſiſts of a tough, pellucid, and very ſlippery ſkin covering a tranſparent colourleſs jelly, which is much thinner than that obſerved in the genus Fucus, This jelly is compoſed of very fine capillary veſſels, beautifully wreathed, and twiſted, with numerous oval air- bubbles. This is diſcoverable in a thin tranſverſe flice with high magnifiers, or by removing the ſkin length ways. The diaphragms, or partitions, diſcoverable by holding the plant to the light, are at unequal diſtances, from one inch and an half to two inches, or more: they conſiſt of a reticulated tranſparent membrane with pellucid threads, containing air-bubbles, ſtretched acrofs. Towards the extremity theſe partitions are wider apart, and the jelly ſeems more clearly fibrous; ſo that it appears, as if the impregnation began at top and the ripe feeds were diſ- charged by the decay of the plant, as no external tubercles, or papillæ, were diſcoverable with minute holes for the diſcharge of the ſeed. The inſide coat is ftriated lengthways, and the whole plant on being held to the light has a ſpiral growth, and not unfrequently a future may be ſeen even without an eye-glaſs, though there is no ex- ternal protuberance to mark it. From what has been ſaid of the mode of fru&ification, it is evident that this plant muſt be ſeparated from genus Fucus. - See the note ſubjoined to the Lat. Obr. and the doubts concerning the exiſtence of theſe ſepta. I have meaſured it ſeventeen feet long. • Ligula alba Suffexiana. Pet. Gaz. 91. 5. . I will not affirm that thefe are actual fepta or divifions, as Mr. Woodward, whore accuracy or be diſputed, found on diffe&ion only rings on the infide. The ſuppoſed membrane I conceived to be of the thinneſt texture, and conſequently extremely difficult to detect ; but I have repeatedly obſerved pellucid ftrings extending acroſs from the inſide of the rings and interfecting each other, and I think it is fair to fuppofe there muſt be ſome divifions to confine the elaſtic vapour which ſeems neceffary to diftend the plant. • It is arranged as Genus Chorda in the Syn. Tab. p. xxiv. It is fingular to obſerve how nature can effect the ſame purpoſes by different means. In this ſpecies and the preceding every end of buoys is anſwered by the general inflation and elaſticity of the whole frond, FUCUS SILICULOSUS. TAB. XI. fee f. 8.7 silizerous FUCUS. fronde compreſsâ, ramofiffimâ, flexuosâ; fructu oblongo, acuto. With. Bot. Arr. 1 v. 4. p. 88. 1 (Species nova ?) RADIX, irregularis, diſcoides. GO CAULIS, compreffus, flexuoſus, fubtùs nudus ; hinc inde foliorum veftigiis, acetabuliformibus. FRUCTIFICATIO-Generi Fuco propria; in fru&u filiquoidi inclufa. SEMINA, pyriformia ; plurima in fingulis granis. OBSER Lali obyes siliqucosio 3 minor, 以 ​(7 《e- 分 ​5 pennatifidus 《法​印 ​Forticuloan 《小学 ​semunda Flacaran [ 43 ] OBSERVATIONES. Srecies hæc haud rarò occurrit in littore occidentali. Habitûs fimilitudine, utpote junior F. filiquoſa planta, vel faltem varietas ejus minor, diu a me prætermiffa eft. Interiorem tandem filiquæ ementitæ partem cultello recludens, ftudio ſemina in hâc ſpecie tam diu defiderata inveſtigandi, fru&ificatio ex improviſo mihi fefe obtulit, gelatina tubuloſo-reticulatâ, granulifque intùs feminiferis conſtans. Nulla intùs loculumenta, nulli extùs fulci tranfverfi ; fibræque longitudinaliter in vacuo protenfæ omninò defuere. Habitus plantæ, ut fupra notavi, F. filiquoſo totis partibus minor, neque adco in longum protenſa. E bali craffiuſcula, fubtùs plana, femipedalis, aut vix fuprà affurgit, ramis pluribus, compreffis, flexuoſis, et ad margines nodofis. Siliculæ, fi ita dicam, ex omni parte producuntur, brevioribus petiolis inſidentes, acuminatæ, fed minimè roftratæ. *Gelatina intùs fub-pelluci- da, microſcopio fubje&a, tubulorum capillarium reticulationem pulcherrimè exhibet; maculis tamen retium per- exiguis, et non nifi vitro maximè augenti conſpiciendis. Hab. Pridmouth et Polkerris juxta Fowey, et alibi in CORNUBIA. • Vid. Faſc. 1. p. 9. et Tab. v. f.a. Tubercula, feu potius nodi in margine caulis, funt acetabula foliorum, vi fuauum avulforum, feu fponte fuâ cadentium. • Vid. Tab. xi. Jof. nat, mag. J. ana, BASTARD-PODDED DED FU CU S. PL.XI. FUCUS. compreſſed, much branched, flexuous ; fruit oblong, ſharp-pointed. (New Species.) ROOT, irregularly diſcoid, fleſhy. STEM, compreſſed, flexuous, with hollowed protuberances at the edges, being the ſockets of former leaves. FRUCTIFICATION, a reticulated pellucid jelly with feed-bearing granules, incloſed in an oblong capſule or fruit. SEEDS, numerous, pear-ſhaped. OBSERVATIONS. This Species had been often noticed by me, and the ſpecimens as conſtantly taken for younger plants, or at fartheſt, as a dwarf variety of the Podded Fucus', the individuals of which I then obſerved, varied ſo exceedingly as to induce the belief of two ſeparate ſpecies. Diffe&ion, however, diſcovered the miſtake, as the ſuppoſed pod of the ſpecies under confideration, on being cut open, diſcovered the appropriate fru&ification of genus Fucus, while all • FASC. 1. 9. [ 44 ] all my attempts to diſcover ſeeds in the pods of the former have been hitherto fruitleſs. The jelly in this ſpecies, though tranſparent, is not entirely colourleſs: it has a browniſh hue, and the network of capillary tubes through a ſtrong magnifier appears much ſmaller than any of the genus which I have examined, as are likewiſe the globular maſſes, and the feeds contained within them. This plant is by no means ſo trailing as the podded Fucus. Its ge- neral height never exceeds nine inches, with numerous flexuous branches, ſo as to form a buſhy plant. Its co- lour is a yellowiſh brown: the "fruit cylindrico-compreſſed, ſharp-pointed, and not marked with tranſverſe fur- It exhibits when ripe very minute external tubercles, if examined under a microſcope. rows. Þ I have lately been favoured with ſpecimens of F. filiquoſus in fruit from a very ingenious Correſpondent and moſt intelligent marine Bota- niſt, Dawfon Turner, Eſq. of Yarmouth, Norfolk. They do not fwell out from the pods, but are appropriate feed-veſſels, ſo that the pod- like leaves with their curious internal ſtructure ſerve no other purpoſe in all probability but that of buoys; unleſs, as feeds have been ſaid to have been actually diſcovered in the terminating bladders of ſome of them (Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 126.), we may conje&ure that theſe pods fruc- tify in an early ſtage, and diſcharge their feeds, and afterwards expand with all the curious apparatus noticed in the former Faſc. p.9. to give buoyancy to the frond, • See Pl. XI. f. f. magnified. Theſe leaf-like pods come out on all ſides of the plant : before impregnation they are compreſled, as in many of the ſpecies, FU CU S TAMARISCIFOLIUS. TAB. XI. FUCUS. fronde ramofiffimâ, ſub-tereti; foliis fubulatis; terminalibus, confertis ; veſiculis ova- tis foliofis in caulis medio. Herb. Linn. Buddle. p. 18. n. 2. 19. n. 2. 5.--Petiv. p. 40. n. 3.-Hudſ. 576.-Gmel. 128 ?-With. Bot. Arr. 4. 86.-Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 130. RADIX, irregularis, calloſa, agglutinata. CAULIS, ramoſus, fubteres, fcaber, ad bafin nodoſus. RAMULI, fubteretes, longitudinaliter fulcati; foliis fubulatis, bafi incraffatis, furfum tendentibus ; inferioribus de- ciduis. FRUCTIFICATIO, mucus tubulofo-reticulatus, granulis feminiferis, internus : ſcutellis externis, acetabulifor- mibus; fibris ad oras radiatis. SEMINA minutiſlima. OBSERVATIONES. PLANTA hæc a LINNEO, RAIJ, ut videtur, auctoritate F..ericoidis nomen obtinuit, et aptiffimè fub charac- teri F. “ hirti" deſcribitur ; tactu enim aſpera eſt, et pænè manum lædit. E bafi craſsâ fpongiosâ caulis exit fub-te- res, pennæ olorinæ magnitudine, et fruticuli ad inftar ramofiffimus; infernè fubnudus, fupernè foliolis acutis, co- nicis, quandoque bifidis, obfitus. Tubera, vel nodos oblongos, folidos juxta baſin haud rarò cernere eſt. Ve- ficulæ oblongæ, diaphanæ, foliofæ, juxta fummitates inveniuntur : notandum tamen eſt haſce in plantis junioribus omnino • Fucus filiformis, ramofifimus, hirtus. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1631. Veſiculæ hæ quandoque vacuæ; fæpiùs tamen, muco quodam fructifero, ut fufpicor, repletæ funt. Deſcriptio Gmelini velicularum in F. abro- Cystoseira dicridal, Sillase Sys M 201 Sereng. So 06:41:216 Jucis tricoidos senn. s Petla Torn. Fil Facet 191. Some Im Eng Bob [ 45 ] omnino deeffe. Extremitates ramulorum tempore maturo obtufæ et quaſi imbricatæ: in his fita eft fru&ificatio gelatina reticulata, granuliſque, feminiferis conftans. Acetabula, ad inſtar Lichenis ſcutellorum, ad balin folio. rum in apicibus cemuntur, tubulos pellucidos radiatìm difpofitos fub aqua protrudentia. Altitudo planta peda lis aut fuprà, fubftantia caulis intùs mollis et ſpongiola, unde frequenter Fucis, Confervis, itemque Zooplytis, pre- nè tota obruitur. Species hæc omnium fere maximè variabilis eft : notavimus fuprà veficulas aliquando deeffe. * Folia in junioribus juxta baſin omninò plana funt et lanceolata. Summitates etiam variant. Steriles foliis pau- cioribus, et ad bafin gracilioribus inftru&tæ; fru&iferæ autem turgidulæ, foliis numerofiffimis bafi tuberculiferis qua- fi imbricatæ cernuntur. Apicis fru&iferi lobus longitudinalitèr fe&us fru&ificationem' oftendit. Ramulus 4 paulùm au&us colorem plantæ vigentis fub aquâ adumbrat. Color cæruleo viridis a D. Velley obſervatus in vi- gentibus plantis è muco quodam, feu vernice, fi ita dicam, fuperficiem oblinenti oritur, et, plantâ madida, etiam ex- tra aquam conſpicuus eft, tanoidi fingularis admodùm " bullæ aëriæ ipfi ramorum, ramulorumque medietati implantatx, globosz, ollonge.... foliolis multifidis plerumque terminatæ." GM, p. 89. F. tamarilc, apicem ftata maturo mirè defignat, ct quali fub oculis ponit vir clariffimus. Conferantur fpecimina fru&ificantia cum fpecimine D, LEOTLING in Herb. Linn. Obfervandum eft veliculas in F.erici marini, minimè in canle immer fas, ut in F. tamariſc. fed "inter ramos ramulofque provenire, fingulafque proprio pedunculo infiftere," unde neceffe eft concludere F.me diterranenfis GMELI deſcriptionem, et iconem effe, ut iple etiam innuit. GMEL. p. 128. • Tab. xi.kkk. Tab. x1.1, 4. acetabula cum tubul. radiate • Vid. Pl. *1.1. i Vid. Pl. xi. TAMARISK-LEAVED FU CUS, PL. XI. OR Sea Tamarisk. FUCUS. frond roundiſh, much branched, thick-ſet with awl-ſhaped leaves, and leafy, innate air-bladders. PLATE. Gmel. 11. 2? (faulty, eſpecially with reſpect to the fruttifying Summits.). ROOT, irregular-ſhaped, fleſhy, very tough. STEM, roundiſh, large, knobby, with bulbous ſwellings at the baſe. BRANCHES, numerous, thick-ſet with ſhort awl-ſhaped leaves pointing upwards. FRUCTIFICATION in the ſummits: a reticulated mucus, and orbicular feed-bearing grains, with external Scutella, and radiated pellucid tubes, SEEDS, very minute, OBSERVATIONS. Hudson has introduced confufion into this ſpecies by his fynonyms, and the plant is likewiſe of fo varying a nature, with reſpect to its different ftates of growth, that it has added confiderably to it. It is a com- mon [ 46 ] mon plant on the S. Weſt Coaſt, though from the filence of Lightroot it ſeems to be unknown in the North. The Species deſcribed by J. and C. BAUHINE are different from each other, and both pro- bably from this under conſideration, while LINNeus's a F. ericoides, moſt probably deſcribed from BUDDLE'S Herbarium and expreſsly referring to Ray, has been overlooked in the Engliſh Catalogues. The habit of this ſpecies is like that of a buſhy ſhrub with a thick knobby trunk, and there are bulbous folid ſwellings in the ſtem, and at the ſetting on of the branches, which, as they are generally garniſhed with young ſhoots, ſerve, probably, as one mode of propagation. The height of the plant is from fix inches to a foot: it branches immediately above the baſe. The upper branches in the full grown plant are round, thick-ſet, and almoſt tiled with fhort ſpinous leaves, large at the baſe, pointing upwards, and often bifid. In the younger plants the leafits are not ſo cloſely ſet, and many of the young branches are leaf-leſs, flat and lanceolate. No imbedded bladders, or ſwellings of the fum. mits, are viſible in this early ſtate; but, when preparing to fru&ify, the ſummits aſſume a granulated appearance, which, on being magnified, is found to conſiſt of an oval imbedded bladder and five or fix pitcher-ſhaped ter- minating lobes, which on diſſection diſcover the proper fructification of the genus. In this flouriſhing ſtate this green viſible Fucus affumes thoſe beautiful changeable tints noticed by Major VELLEY: they are of a faint bluiſh not only under water, but when the plant is wet; and, when nicely viewed, ſeem like a flimy mucus, or varniſh. At times are ſeen imbedded cavities like the faucers of a Lichen at the baſes of the leaves, and theſe under wa- ter emit radiated fibres: whether this is an animal of the Fluſtra kind, I have not been able to aſcertain; but this Fucus has a Marine Inſect of the genus Scolopendra, which feeds on it, and makes a lodgement, or cell with various apertures, the whole length of the lower branches. This infe&t is furniſhed with funny appendages, at the ends of its numerous feet, as is the caſe with many of the marine Vermes, and is I fancy a non-defcript. Length, an inch ; thickneſs, the fize of fine packthread. * The above having been written many months before the appearance of the Linnean Tranſactions, Vol. 3• it gave me great fatisfa&ion to have my opinion confirmed, and I ſhould with equal pleaſure have adopted the trivial name, if my Plate, had not been already engraved and the copies worked off. See Pl. XI. a, a branch fomewhat magnified ; igi, the bladder ; kyk, the ſummit magnified. See alſo what I obſerved in the remarkably expreſ- five character of the bullæ aëriæ, as Gmelin calls them, which are imbedded in the branches of F. abrotunoides. From the vigorous ftate in which I have ſeen this plant, when fruiting, and before it ſhrinks in drying, I fhould be ſtrongly inclined to think Leolling's Plant in the Linnean Herbarium belongs to this ſpecies. The bladders in fruiting Plants are not confined to the funimits. See my Obſervations on GM- LIN'S F. crica marina, on the other ſide, which certainly is not this ſpecies. • See Pl. XI. 1,4 * The Entomologiſt will be pleaſed to ſee this affinity in a marine infe&t with many of the land infects, which are attached to particular ſpecics of vegetables for their food. FUCUS OSMUNDA. TAB. xi. FUCUS, fronde cartilagineâ, compreſsa; ramis dentato-pinnatifidis ; marginibus callofis. Pe- tiv. p. 25. 1. 2.-Raij, Syn. p. 48. n. 37:-Gmel. p. 155.-Moriſ. Hift. Ox. 646.-Hudſ. 473.-Lightfoot, 954.-With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. 106.-- Linn. Tr. v, 3. 167. RADIX diſcoides, agglutinata. CAULIS, in frondem filicinam fefe expandens. FRONS pinnatifida; apicibus ſegmentorum, obtufis, callofis. FRUCTI. Causencia pinnatifida vanemunista. Samoin less 112Gues Chondria, Ag AN1377 S M 2 Gier. HCL 29 from 20.4.347 [47] FRUCTIFICATIO immerſa, terminalis; è muco pellucido retiformi conftans, SEMINA, minutiffima, glomerata, nuda. OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc ætate maturâ perelegans a PETIVERO dudum obfervata eft fub nomine « F. Dealenſis pedicularis rubræ folio." Satis aptè a D. GMELIN F.ofmunda nominatur: ſpecimen tamen haud ita luxurians ac apud nos re- peritur icon ejus t. 16. f.2. repreſentat : Deſcriptio fanè ſpecifica apud D. Hudson F. pinnatifidi et F. filicini minus aptè, ut opinor, diſcriminatur ; unde D. LIGHTroor ſcrupulus an fint ſpecies diverfæ. Re verâ autem, fi fpecimina infpicias, diſcrimen fatis magnum evidentèr apparebit. Specioſa admodum eft frondis forma, et flori- dam Oſmunda regalis apicem haud malè referens, unde nomen GMELINI. E baſi tenui, difcoidi, caulis affur- git compreffus, brevis, in folia tria, quatuorve filicina definens Folia pinnatifida, marginibus flexuofis, callofis; apicibus etiam fegmentorum obtufis. Altitudo plantæ fexuncialis; latitudo foliorum vix ſemuncialis; fubftantia tenera et enervis, et proculdubiò edulis; color fuſco-purpureus. Fru&ificatio, etfi nunquam a D.LIGHTFOOT viſa, in apicibus ſegmentorum fita eft. Semina numerofiflima, coccinea, gelatina pellucida obdu&a, fi cultello apices recludas, microſcopii ope facillimè detegentur. Foraminulas etiam perexiguas in fuperficie fine tuberculis lente maximè augenti cernere eft; odor ifte, feu fapor, piperis in hâc fpecie prorsùs defideratur. In Catalogo D.D. GOOD ENOUCH et WOODWARD nuperrimè mihi in manus tradito fpecies hæc, F. pinnatifidus audit : fy- nonymis fc. F. pinnatifidi, multifidi, et filicini noftratium in unum reda&tis. * Forfan tate matura tubercula externa cernenda fint. Subdubitat Au&or prædi&us, feminibus F. filicini nunquam à fe dete&tis, annon F.ofmunda fit P. maſcula, F. pinnatifidus autem P. foe- mina ejufdem fpeciei. Specimina in Herbario D. Woodward occurrunt coloris rubri, et viridis. & Vid. qua de fapore piperis differai, Obf. Ang. • Vid. Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 167, - OSMUNDA FU CU S PL.X1 OR Sea Fern. FUCUS. frond, griſly compreſſed, trebly winged ; fegments callous, blunt. PLATX, Gmel. t. 16. 2. (a branch.).-Moriſ. Hij. Ox. xv. t. 8. f. 2. ROOT, diſcoid, flat, ſmall. STEM flatted, ſhort, branching into two or three fern-Shaped leaves. FROND, winged-cleft, with the margins and tips of the ſegments callous, obtuſe. FRUCTIFICATION in the inſide of the tips of the ſegments : conſiſting of a vaſcular pellucid jelly, with nu- merous minute feeds. P OBSER [ 48 ] OBSERVATIONS. This Species, the F.ofmunda of GMELIN, has been conſidered as a variety of the F. pinnatifidus of HUD- son, the jagged Fucus, or Pepper Dulfe of the Scotch. It differs, however, from that ſpecies in not growing in matted cluſters, in being conſiderably larger and more elegant in the cut of the leaves, and in not poſſeſſing that peppery, aromatic taſte and ſmell fo peculiar to that ſpecies. From a comparatively ſmall baſe or diſk, one, or more compreſſed ftems ariſe, which expand into beautiful fern-ſhaped leaves. The height of the plant is about fix inches, the breadth of the frond hardly half an inch. Its colour is a dark, tranſparent purple: its ſub- ſtance is tender, and its texture veinleſs, and it is undoubtedly an eatable ſpecies. The fructification is internal and imperceptible, reſiding in the tips of the ſegments. There are, indeed, extremely minute perforations like pin-holes, without any protuberances, diſcoverable at certain ſtages of the plant's growth with the aſſiſtance of high magnifiers. In the enumeration of the Britiſh Fuci, ſo often referred to in this Fasciculus, F. ofmunda is included, together with the two varieties which form the ſubject of the ſubſequent article, under the general name of pinnatifidus. Theſe Gentlemen are filent as to the ſmell and taſte of pepper recorded by Lightroom under F. pinnatifidus, and from their known accuracy ſo uncommon a circumſtance would not have eſcaped them, I have therefore no doubt but F.ofmunda will retain its place as a ſeparate ſpecies. Hab. Portland Iſland, Penzance, and the S. W. Coaſt. * The colours in this ſpecies vary much. The fructification in my ſpecimens was imbedded, and only diſcoverable by the knife. It is probable from analogy and from the obſervations in the Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 187. that at advanced periods of maturity there may be external tubercles. • I have noticed theſe minute perforations on the ſurfaces of the ſmootheſt fronds diſcoverable by very high magnifiers, and ſuppoſed them in- tended for the diſcharge of the feeds: they may, however, be only the perſpiratory ducs, the ſpiracula foliorum of Hedwig. Theor, p. 17. See alſo G. C. REICHEL de vafis plantarum ſpiralibus, and the Differtations of MALPIGHI and Grzw. FU CU S PINNATIFIDUS. O TAB. XI. FUCUS. fronde anguftâ, ramosâ, compreſsâ ; ramis ſubalternis divaricatis ; ramulis obtulis brevibus, RADIX diſcoides, repens. Gerold.uolla ongol be CAULIS, compreffus, anguſtus, bre RAMULI, divaricati, irregulares ; fæpiùs fub-pinnatifidi ; pinnis ad latera obtufis, callofis, fucculentis inftruâi. FRUCTIFICATIO in pinnis, è muco pellucido interno, tuberculifque externis globofis conſtans, SEMINA minutiffima, nuda. be OBSERVATIONES. Frons in hâc fpecie fecundum D.LIGHTFOOT variat mirabiliter, vel filiformis, vel femuncialis; fi non re ve- râ fint ſpecies diftin&tæ. Planta hæc paraſitica eft, caulibus F. digitati aliorumque molis grandioris adnaſcens; al- titudinis [ 49 ] titudinis triuncialis, aut fuprà. Rami divaricati et quam maximè irregulares, pinnulis ex utroque latere obtufis, et plerumque fru&iferis obfiti. tate matura tubercula in pinnulis hiſce cernere eft, fru&ificatione intùs in muco pellucido, feminibus glomeratis, nudis. (VAR. B.) VARIETAS hæcce apud nos vulgatiſſima eſt. Rupes, muſci ad inftar operit, cæſpite denfiffimo, altitudinis ta- men vix uncialis. Frons complanata, et filicina eft: fubftantia, æquè ac prioris, tenera et pellucida: odor et guftus idem. "Fru&ificatio in pinnulis, ut in priore, fed fine tuberculis. Pars interior pinnularum muco pelluci- do anaſtomoſante, retiformi, feminulifque minutiflimis, nudis, conftat. Hab. paffim; in fcopulis propè A&on Caſtle, et ad oppidum Penfance collegi. In Scotia, D. Lightroom, * Vid. Tab, xi, bb. pinnula cum tuberculis ault. c ejuſdem apex tranſv, fed. d feminula cam muco in vitrum effufe. e pinnula incipiens audita, • Ætate maturà forfan tubercula reperiuntur. ► Vid. Tab. xi, a fummitas nat, mag. a a eadem auda, cuticulâ abrasa, 20 2 JAGGED F U CU S, PL.XI. OR Pepper Dulse. FUCUS, frond narrow, compreſſed: branches fub-alternate, divaricated: with ſhort obtufe callous Shoots. (No Figure ROOT flat, creeping. STEM, narrow, compreſſed. BRANCHES irregular, ſometimes inclining to pinnatifid, with ſhort, blunt, fru&ifying pinnæ fub-alternate on Cach ade. FRUCTIFICATION internal, in the pinnæ ; conſiſting of naked feeds in a reticulated, pellucid mucus ; with external tubercles, OBSERVATION S. The varying habit of this Plant, noticed formerly by Mr. LicHrrOOT (Fl. Scot. 954.) induces me to give two diftina repreſentations of it: differing, however, fo widely that they may well paſs for diftina ſpecies. They have a great fimilarity in the fucculency and tenderneſs of their texture, and in the ſtrong aromatic finell, which, as far as my obſervations on ſea plants extend, is unique ; and, as it emits this uncommon and diſagreeable odour on being handled ever ſo lightly, it could not have eſcaped the notice of Meſs GOODENOUcu and WOODWARD. This plant, figured as Var. a. is irregular and ſtraggling, about three inches high, fufficiently deſcribed above with the affiance of the drawing. It is I believe generally a paraſitical plant, growing on the flems of the larger Fuci. [ 50 ] (V A R. B.) This variety is very abundant and covers the rocks in wide patches, creeping like a Licher. It is a matted, creeping plant, of no conſiderable height, probably owing to its expoſed ſituation : it is feldom higher than it is repreſented in the Plate. Its frond is flat, and of the ſame texture and ſmell with the preceding. Its branches are produced nearly oppoſite and at right angles, diminiſhing in length upwards. It appears much eaten by the ſmall fry of fiſhes. Its fru&tification is always diſcoverable by the knife, and may probably at times break out in ſmall tubercles. Hab. Acton Caſtle Rocks and elſewhere on the Cornwall Coaſt. F U C U S LACERUS. TAB. xi. FUCUS. fronde cartilagineâ, dilatatâ, enervi; laciniis inæqualibus profundis ; apicibus bifidis ; tuberculis innatis. Raij, Syn. 44. n. 16.-With. Bot. Arr. (F. membranifol. var. B. abſque Synonymis.) v. 4. p. 106. RADIX, tenuis, diſcoides, plures emittens caules. CAULIS, cylindrico-compreffus, ftatim feſe expandens. FRONS, expanfa, fegmentis profundis, angulis fegmentorum acutiuſculis. FRUCTIFICATIO, pericarpium innatum, ovatum, rigidum. , SEMINA, minutiſſima in muco pellucido. OBSERVATIONES. Fucus hic, varietas F. ceranoidis, D. Gmelin et RAY (vid. Syn. p. 44. n. 16.), in Syftemate LINNEI F. criſpus audit. Quum habitûs fit maximè omnium irregularis, laciniis inæqualiter incifis, et quaſi laceratis Bud- DLEl nomen “ laceri" pro triviali fumpfi. Caules plurimi ex eodem diſco oriuntur ad bafin cylindrico-com- preffi, angufti, ftatim fefe expandentes. Frons, ut fuprà deſcripta, et in icone delineata, enervis, • fub-pelluci- da; altitudinis triuncialis. Color frondis purpureus, vel brunneus. Juxta apices tubercula, vel pericarpia foli- taria, immerſa, et utrinque prominentia tempore maturo cernuntur. Species, vel varietas altera fub nomine Lin- neano F. crifpi, in fequenti Tabulâ icone illuftratur, et protinus deſcribenda eft. RAGGED - Texturâ cartilagineâ et pelluciditate diftinguendus eft F. ceranoides ſecundum D. GMEL. p. 116. " Evidenti pelluciditate gaudet in omnibus ſpeciebus, in quibuſdam verò evidentiori." ► Vid. Tab. XI. 8,5. nat. mag. 88. au&t. et tranfversim fe&t. cum feminibus. Minus accurata GMELINE fructificationis deſcriptio, fpeciebus verrucofis, ut videtur, propria : quæ, incipiente fru&ificatione ligulas vel mammillas in fronde convolutas oftendunt. [51] RAGGED F U CU S. PL.XI. FUCUS, frond cartilaginous, expanding, veinleſs, fub-pellucid: ſegments unequal and deeply cut in; fummits bifid, with imbedded pericarps. (No Plate.) ROOT thin, diſcoid, fending up many ſhoots. STEM compreſſed, narrow, gradually expanding upwards. FROND widely expanded, with ragged, deep ſegments: the angles not rounded. FRUCTIFICATION, an oval, imbedded, rigid tubercle, prominent on either furface SEEDS very minute in a clear mucus. OBSERVATIONS. It is ſurpriſing to obſerve the confufion which has crept into the ſpecies called F. ceranoides in our Cata- logues from the tranſpoſition of that familiar name by LINNEUS to a different plant. GMELIN, who has retain- ed the name of Ray, ſays it is not leſs ſportive in its habits than F. veficulofus (p. 116.) it therefore needed not the infertion of a different ſpecies to add to the uncertainty. The errors, however, in the fynonyms may have ariſen in ſome meaſure from the different acceptation of the Latin Term, ceranoides; ſome applying the reſem- blance alluded to, to the ſhape of the frond, and others to its texture. The Fucus here repreſented is by no means ſo much laciniated at the edges as GMELIN'S F. ceranoides (tab. 7. f. 1.), nor are the angles of the feg- ments ſo much rounded; but the characteriſtics, which under all its varied forms ſerve at once to diſtinguiſh the ſpecies, are texture and fruttification ; in which latter reſpeết the Author above cited has not been ſo happy, as he ſuppoſes the globules of ſeeds, adnate, or agglutinated, inſtead of being imbedded; taking the chara&er from the mammillofe and warty ſpecimens when young, which I imagine is only a proliferous, or luxuriant qua- lity depending on circumſtances, eſpecially as my F. criſpus, var. Tab. xii, diſcovers proliferous, compreſſed, bifid ligaments coming out from the furface of the frond, with the imbedded pericarp prominent on either ſide. It is neceſſary to caution the Reader againſt confounding this Species with F. laceratus of GMELIN and the Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 155-N. B. This arranges in the Table under genus Chondrus. See the Syn. Tab. p. xxiv. Hab. Mounts-Bay, CORNWALL, Ceranides from KuaCornu, reſembling horn or an antler of a Deer. ► See Tab. *1.8.8. nat. Sze. 5. mage. FUCUS JUBATUS . TAB. X1. FUCUS, fronde membranaceâ, ramosâ, lanceolatâ ; margine fuperficieque ligulatis; ligulis ramofis. AX. Soc. Linn. v. 3. p. 162. RADIX, tenuis. CAULIS, fubtus angultus, compreffus; fursùm fe dilatans. FRON [52] FRONS, membranacea, enervis, lanceolata ; undique utrinque ligulis ramofis obfita. FRUCTIFICATIO, tubercula ? in fronde immerſa. SEMINA, incognita. OBSERVATIONES. Haud rarò occurrit in littoribus noftris perelegans hæc planta F.ciliati affinis, diverſa tamen; cilia enim, ſeu mavis ligulæ, prælongæ funt, et frequentiùs ramofæ, è margine, itemque ex fuperficie frondis erumpentes. Ex baſi tenui, º ſurculos emittente, caulis exit compreflus, ſensìm ſeſe dilatans : folia è caule exeunt tria, quatuor- ve, anguſta, lanceolata. Textura lævis, membranacea : color faturè rubens : altitudo triuncialis vel fuprà. Nulla fructificationis in ligulis veſtigia; in fronde tamen aliquandò cavitates orbiculares, ſcutellis Lichenum haud abfimiles, 6 notavi. Semina hactenus latuere. F. jubatus icone pereleganti ex quo inciſa eſt Tabula noftra in lu- cem prodiit. In littoribus noftris fpecimina pari magnitudine nunquam adhuc repperi, neque ciliis adeò in longum effufis. Forma etiam frondis in icone prædi&tâ, cafu, ut mihi videtur, truncata apparet. Hab. Mounts-Bay, CORNWALL. Quacunque furculi faxa attingunt radices agunt. Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 160. • Verifimile eft cavitates hafce ex tuberculis immerfis, diſruptis, provenire. • Vid. Aa. Linn. v. 3. Tab. 17. f. 2. - - - - - - 1 - SHAGGY FU CU S. PL. XI. FUCUS, frond membranaceous, branched, fpear-ſhaped: edges and ſurface garniſhed with branched, filiform cilia, or linear appendages. PLATE Linn. Tr.v. 3. t. 17.2. ROOT fmall. STEM, narrow, branched from the baſe, compreſſed, expanding upwards. FROND, membranaceous, ribleſs, ſpear-ſhaped, thick ſet all over with ſimple, or branched cilia. FRUCTIFICATION, imbedded tubercles ? as in F. ciliatus. SEEDS unknown. OBSERVATIONS. This is a very elegant ſpecies, diftin&t from F. ciliatus, as having the ligular proceſſes, or cilia, as they are called, branched. It is, however, nearly allied to that ſpecies, which by a late arrangement includes three diftin& ones [ 53 ] ones of GMELIN--ciliatus, ligulatus, and holofetaceus. It ariſes from a minute diſk adhering firmly to the rock; and near the baſe, as is the caſe with all its affinities, it has numerous crooked ſhoots, which, being furniſhed with the fame adheſive gluten as the diſk itſelf, lay hold of the rocks, and ſerve either to add ſtrength to the parent plant, or to produce a future progeny. The cilia are produced at the edges and on either ſurface, ſo as to have a buſhy, fringed appearance. The ftem is narrow and compreſſed, widening upwards, and branching into two or three {pear-ſhaped leaves. There ſeems no proliferous tendency in this ſpecies, unleſs probably after laceration. The height of the plant is nearly five inches: its colour bright roſe, or pink. On a ſpecimen I have by me there are two or three regular imbedded cavities, reſembling the faucers of a Lichen. Theſe I have no doubt contain the fructification, though I have not yet diſcovered the ſeeds. LIGHTFOOT lays the F. ciliatus is eaten as Dulfi, but I think it would require a previous preparation, as it does not poſſeſs the ſucculency of F. edulis. Since this deſcription, together with the Drawing of the Plant have been prepared for the Public Eye, a very characteriſtic fi- gure of F. jubatus has made its appearance in the Linnean Tranfa&ions (v. 3. p. 162.). The ſpecimen is much more luxuriant than any I have ever met with in the S. W. Coaft: its ſummits appear to have been torn or eaten off, which gives it a truncated, inſtead of its natural lanceolate form. Hab. Mounts-Bay, Penzance, &c. • I raſped there to be tubercles burit, F U CU S STELLATUS. TAB. XI. FUCUS. fronde planâ, aveniâ, dilatatâ ; apicibus multifidis, ſtellatis. With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 99.-Raij, Syn. 44. n. 18.--Hudſ. F. ceranoides, var. d.--Lightfoot. var. B. RADIX, plana, diſcoides. CAULIS, tenuis, ſenfim fefe expandens. FRONS, plana, enervis, dilatata, ſegmentis paucis, apicibus ftellatìm diffe&is. FRUCTIFICATIO, eadem ac F. lacerati, . OBSERV A TI O N E S. Fucus hic, F. ceranoidis var. . D. Hudson; var.ß, D. Lightroot, nuperrimè a D. WITRERING in Cata- logo fuo utpote ſpecies diſtincta, collocatur. Valdè affinis eft F. lacerati, et neſcio annon varietas ejus reputan- dus fit: notandum tamen obiter fubftantiam in utrâque fpecie fub-opacam potius quam pellucidam eſſe, et idcirco plantas in Syſtematis fui diviſione minimè disjungendas. Radix plana, diſcoides, fronde in tres, quatuorve lacini- as divisâ; apicibus tamen quam maximè fimbriatis, et ftellatim, fi ita dicam, expanfis. E bafi communi plures oriuntur cauliculi; uno vel altero ceteris elatiore. Color variat; plerumque olivaceus, vel brunneus, ad lucem diaphanus. Altitudo bi-vel tri-uncialis. Hab. In litt. occident. Anglia et alibi inter lapillos. STEL [ 54 ) STELLATED F U CU S. PL. XII. FUCUS. frond flat, veinleſs, expanded : fummit fringed. (No Plate.) ROOT, flat, circular. STEM, flattiſh, ſmall at bottom, expanding upwards. FROND, veinleſs; ſingle, or two or three-cleft; the ſummits fringed and expanded, ſo as to give the plant a ftellated appearance. FRUCTIFICATION, as in F. laceratus. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is leſs than F. lacerus, and not ſo much, nor ſo deeply laciniated. Its ſummit, however, is much more fringed and ruffled. It throws out ſeveral ſhoots from the fame common diſk, with one or two, gene- rally, much larger than the reſt. Its uſual height is from one to three inches: its colour browniſh, but when held to the light it has a purpliſh tinge. Meſs* GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD have claffed this plant as a variety of F. criſpus of LINNEUS (Linn. Tr. 3. p. 169.), and I am happy to find our ideas in this reſpect coincide. F. criſpus, and its varieties lacerus, and ſtellatus ſtill retain their affinity to each other, with this difference, that inſtead of being varieties of one common ſpecies, they arrange in my Synoptic Table under a new genus as diſtinâ fpe- cies. Dr. WITHERING has enumerated this Fucus as a diſtinct ſpecies in his laſt edition of the Botanical Ar- rangement SUDU Hab. On the shores of the Weſt of ENGLAND and elſewhere among the Stones. * CHONDRUS, Syn. Tab. p. xxiv. F U CU S PALMATUS. TAB. x11. FUCUS. fronde planâ, aveniâ, palmatâ. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1630.-Morif. Hift. Ox. iii. 646.--Raij, Syn. 46. 29.-Hudſ. 472.-Lightfoot, 933.-Linn. Tr. v. 3. 163.--Ulva palmata, With. Bot. Arr. 4.123 RADIX diſcoides. CAULIS breviffimus, cylindrico-compreſlus. FRONS enervis, glaberrima membranacea; in junioribus plantis, coriacea in adultis. FRUCTIFICATIO in muco pellucido, annulatim reticulato. SEMINA minutiflima, nuda, OBSER Formsritious. 9 C emis o Vol. Finder crispus Porispus "SAYA edulis palmalus. le chinatus ca [ 55 ] OBSERVATIONES. HABITUS prolifer nequaquam F. proliferi proprius eft. Multi fponte, ex marginibus, vel fuperficie fron- dis; plures accepto vulnere, ſobolem emittunt, et pullulant. Quo meliùs Tyronibus fubveniatur F. palmati ſpecimen ætate prove&tiore undique è margine emittentis foliola, oculis fubjiciendum curavi. Nulla apud nos occurrit fpecies vulgatior, neque eft ulla, quoad ſcio, minus accuratè deſcripta. D. Licumroot icon plantam juniorem (fi non forfan fit Uluæ ſpecies) haud quidem fatis felicitèr exhibet; fegmenta enim longiora, et quaſi ligulata funt, nec unquam ad bafin ita a&è ftipantur, ut in Tabula fua. Subſtantia in junioribus plantis, ut fu- pra obſervavi, tenera eft, et pellucida, margines integri: è contra in adultis frons coriacea fit, et margo maximè omnium prolifer; foliolis marginalibus pedunculatis : notandum quoque eft perpauca in adultis inveniri frondis primariæ ſegmenta, et fæpiffimè, ut in icone, folium unicum fupereſſe amplum, coriaceum, lanceolatum. Fruc- tificatio in adultis ferè femper cernenda eſt, præfertim fi, abraså levitèr cuticula, frondem ad lucem oculo arma- to fpe&es. Mucus pellucidus tubulis annulatim difpofitis interiorem frondis partim permcat, et quandoque eti- am papillæ in frondis fuperficie lente maximè augenti conſpiciuntur, præfertim plantâ recenti aliquot horas in fic- co reliaa. Sedio frondis tranſverſa teinpore maturo globulos interiori cutis parti aſfixos oftendit; feminula in his nunquam adhuc detexi; matura tamen, frondi adhærentia, vel glomerata, vel in lineis difpofita, vitro maximè augente quandoque conſpicienda funt. Hab. paffim. • Specimina fpeciei hujufce, ætatis provetioris, el fronde incraffatà rarò palmata confpiciuntur: unica perfæpè, vel faltem perpaucæ fuper funt lacinia, incraffatæ, fruiteræ, foliis ad margines, ut in icone, numeroſiffimis inftru&x Certior fa&us fum F. palmatum D. Lichtroor te verå Ulvæ ſpeciem efle, utpote ex deſcriptione liquet, itemque ex fpeciminibus penes D. WOODWARD. • Fru&ificatio haud abfimilis F. edulis, vide Tab. xi. h, nat, mag. hh, auet. PALMATED F U CUS, PL. XII. OR DJLS (SCOTIS.). FUCUS. frond flat, ribleſs; generally divided in deep ſegments. FLATS. Lightfoot, t. 27 (probably a ſpecies of Ulva).--Hift . Ox. 1. 8. f. 1. ROOT diſcoid. STEM very ſhort, cylindrical. FROND, deeply cut in a palmated form in the younger plants. FRUCTIFICATION, tubercles imbedded in a clear mucus diſpoſed in annular tubes. SEEDS hardly ever viſible. R OBSER, [ 56 ] OBSERVATIONS. A PROLIFEROUS habit, diſcoverable in various ſpecies of Fuci, has occafioned many plants to be confider- ed as belonging to the ſame family, which have ſcarcely any reſemblance in other points, and Mr. LIGHTFOOT has increaſed the confuſion by adopting the trivial name “ prolifer" as the diſtinctive character of a ſeparate ſpe- cies, which ſtrictly ſpeaking is not proliferous. Perhaps the moſt proliferous ſpecies in its advanced ſtate, and at the ſame time one of the moſt beautiful, is the F. palmatus, the fubje&t of this article. This fpecies, which is common on our Coaſt, from inattention to it during the progreſſive ſtages of its growth, has been leſs accurately deſcribed than, perhaps, any other in the Catalogue. LIGHTFOOT'S Plate, if his plant is not in reality an Ulva, is but an awkward repreſentation of F. palmatus in a young ſtate. The ſegments of the frond are not fufficiently cut in, and their ſhape is too much rounded in the middle; but it will ſerve very well to give an idea of the plant in its infant ſtate. Mr. Lightroot's deſcription of the delicacy of the texture of the frond in this ſtage of growth is fufficiently correct; but whoever will attend to the progreſs of its growth, will find, that where it has had the good fortune to eſcape the numerous accidents, ſo tender a plant is liable to, it acquires gradually a firm- neſs of texture, and becomes coriaceous and opaque. The proliferous habit diſcovers itſelf pretty early, and before the frond has loſt its tranſparency, but in that caſe the marginal ſhoots are few. The beautiful fringed appearance I have delineated is in its laſt ſtage, when the frond has acquired a great degree of breadth and firm- neſs of texture. It is remarkable, and characteriſtic of the plant, that all the marginal leaves are ſupported on footſtalks, and have the ſame delicacy of texture as the infant plant. It ſhould likewiſe be obſerved, that the plant, from whatever cauſe, is ſeldom found compoſed of many ſegments when old ; and often, as in the Plate, of a ſingle wide lanceolate leaf. In this ſtate a regular fru&ification is generally obſervable with a good eye- glaſs, when the frond is held to a ſtrong light, particularly if the ſkin is carefully pared off. It conſiſts of a curi- ous chain-work of pellucid tubes; and, if cut tranſverſely, there are found globules of mucus adhering to the in- ner coat; but without any viſible feeds, and at times, though rarely, I have ſeen the ſurface covered with ſmall papillæ, for the diſcharge of the ſeeds. The feeds may be ſeen with high powers, when ripe, adhering to the out- er coat of the frond, either cluſtered, or diſpoſed in ftrait lines. The Obſervations made by Dr. GOOD ENOUGH and Mr. WOODWARD on this plant evince the propriety of exhibiting it in its laſt ſtage of growth. Thoſe Gen- tlemen quote F. dulcis of GMELIN, p. 189, from the Synonyms I imagine, which the Profeffor has prefixed of Morison and Ray. The repreſentation of that Fucus in the Plate (Gm. 26.) has no reſemblance to F. palma- tus, but a very ſtrong one to F. edulis--the Dulfe of the S.W. Coaſt, deſcribed in the following page; and, if it were not for its membranaceous texture, I ſhould have little difficulty in referring it to that ſpecies. I have no doubt that SIBBALD, Morison, and Ray made their obſervations on the maſticatory qualities of theſe Plants, and the ſmell of violets on an infuſion with alkali, from the reports of the fiſhermen of thoſe days; who in all pro- bability made uſe of the fragments of each indiſcriminately, as poffeffing ſimilar properties, though F. edulis is cer- tainly the moſt fucculent and tender. (Hab, common. * The growth of F. prolifer is natural, and not owing to accident; or rather it is an additional mode of continuing the ſpecies. It ſhould have been called Catenato-prolifer-chain-like proliferous. It is F. rubens of Linncus and the Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 165. I fufpee this ſpecies to be biennial at leaſt, and that the appearance it affumes in the annexed Plate is in the ſecond year of its growth. • From internal ſtructure and other properties, ſuch as the violet ſmell, with an infufion of alkali when dry, there ſeems a great affinity be- tween this ſpecies and F. edulis. See Ray's Syn. 46. 29. Lightfoot, P. 935. . GMELIN's Plant, as he ſays, is an inhabitant of the Sea of KAMTSCHATEA. only to • See the mode of chewing this Plant as praiſed by the Scotch and Iriſh. Lightfoot, p. 935. Gmelin, p. 190. FUCUS [ 57 ] F U C U S EDULIS. TAB. XII. FUCUS, fronde fimplici, cuneiformi, craſsa, enervi; apicibus rotundatis. With. Bot. Arr. 4. p. 101.-F. cuneiformis, HERBAR. BANKSIAN.-F. dulcis? Gmel. p. 164. RADIX. Baſis expanſa, plures emittens caules. CAULIS, fub-rotundus, in folium cuneiforme ftatim fefe expandens. FRONS fimplex, variæ ætatis ac magnitudinis ex eâdem bafi, cuneiformis, ampla, craſla. *FRUCTIFICATIO--Mucus orbiculato-retiformis, pellucidus. SEMINA minutiffima. OBSERVATIONES. SPECIES hæc, adhuc inobfervata, etfi in Herbariis reperta fit, in occidentali Angliæ littore vulgatiffima eft. Frag. menta copiofiffimè, folia integra perrarò inter maris ramenta cernere eft: piſcibus enim, et vermibus marinis cibus omnium gratiffimus, Fucus hic tranquillo maris tempore corrofus, et femefus; procellofo autem, laceratus et di- vulfus, reperitur. E baſi communi dilatatâ plurimi affurgunt caules fubrotundi, in folia plurima fimplicia variæ magnitudinis ſeſe expandentes. Folia majora altitudinis ferè pedalis; latitudinis fursùm fex-uncialis; fubftantiæ coriaceæ et enervis; coloris fuſco rubri, aut fi ita dicam chocolati. In aquâ falsa, vel fontanâ macerata ſuccum nobiliffimi purpurei emittit planta hæc; nec non odorem violæ, fale alkali imbuta". Superficies folii glaber- rima et nitens: maturo autem tempore tubercula minutiflima glomeratim diſpofita, foraminulis in apice ubique erumpunt. Hiſce unà cum cuticulà abraſis gelatina intùs pellucida per annulos vel globulos, fi microſcopium ad- hibeas, diſpofita eft. Semina etiam minutiffima, coccinea, lineis reais tranſcurrentia, armato oculo ubique con- fpicienda funt. Specimen F. hujus a D. Solander colle&um in herbario Bankfiano fub nomine F. cuneiformis reponitur. Notandum eft iconem F. dulcis, Gm. t. 26. formâ frondis huic noftro proximè accedere. • Fru&ificatione valda funt afines inter fe F. edulis et palmatus; frons tamen F. edulis facculentior; ideoque inveſtigationi fub microſcopio ac- commodatior. Vid. Tab. xit, hh, Sed. frondis cum annulis maxime auttam, h. nat, mag. De Fuco veterum, feu pigmento ex fucco Fuei cujufdam in aqua macerati, Vid. Gmel. Hin. Fac. p. 4. In Infulis Archipelagi, ut memorst D. STELLER, occurrit Fuci ſpecies, huic noftræ forfan affinis, gultu haud minus quam colore purpureo, quo cibos imbuit, inter culinæ delici. as habita. Raij Hift. v. 1. p. 74. • Vid. notalam RAT in Synopli. n. 19. p. 46. * Hae arte condita, et exficcată plantæ hujus fruftula, commodiflimè refpeétu faporis; et Scorbuto in Gingivå medendo forfan faluberrimè mare diccntur. EATABLE F U CU S , PL. XII. OR Dulse (CORNUB) . FUCUS. frond unbranched, wedge-ſhaped, ſucculent; rounded at top. ROOT [ 58 ] ROOT flat, membranaceous, ſpreading; throwing up numerous leaves. STEM roundiſh, ſhort; expanding ſoon into a frond. FROND fimple, wedge-ſhaped and rounded at top; many from a common baſe of different ſizes, • FRUCTIFICATION internal ; a chain-work of annular tubes, as the pellucid mucus appears under high mag- nifiers, with external inviſible papillæ. SEEDS very minute. OBSERVATIONS. It is ſurpriſing that this ſpecies, which is by no means uncommon on the S. W. Coaſt, ſhould have been ſo inac- curately, if at all, deſcribed. Its ſpecific character is fully fufficient to diſcriminate it. A reaſon may be alleged, which in ſome meaſure may account for its not being particularly noticed hitherto, viz. Its being very rarely caft on the ſhore in its perfect ſtate. Its tender ſucculent texture expoſes it to the danger of laceration by ſtorms, and its nutritive qualities, to the depredation of fiſhes. When gathered from its native bed at the loweſt ebb of an equino&ial tide, which I have frequently done, all the largeſt leaves, and many of the ſmaller ones, are found either half eaten off, or with the frond perforated in numberleſs places, as in the Drawing. This plant affords a no leſs grateful food to cattle, when acceſſible to them in its growing ſtate ; and the Fiſherman either chews it raw, or o criſps it over the fire. To ſupply this continued conſumption, it not only throws up at firſt * a plentiful crop from its wide ſpreading baſe, but is continually d reproducing its leaves. The moſt ſurpriſing quality of this plant, and one that will probably render it of ſervice in dying I diſcovered by accident. Having placed fome of the leaves to macerate in ſea water, in order to procure feeds from it, I perceived on the ſecond day a faint ruby tint, very different from the colour of the plant, which is a dull red, inclining to chocolate colour. Being furpriſed at this, I continued the maceration, and the tint grew more vivid, till it at laſt equalled the ſtrongeſt infuſion of cochi- neal. This liquor was mucilaginous, and had a remarkable property of being of a changeable colour; as it ap- peared a bright ruby, when held to the light, and a muddy faffron, when viewed in the contrary direction. Little need be added to the ſpecific and detailed deſcriptions of this fingular plant. It is ſometimes found nearly a foot high, and the larger leaves about five or fix inches broad at the top, which is uſually rounded. Its ſubſtance is ten- der and ſucculent, of the thickneſs of neats leather, but never membranaceous, as in F. palmatus ; its furface ſhin- ing and poliſhed. Under the outer coloured ſkin a' pellucid colourleſs jelly pervades the whole frond. In this un- doubtedly is the fructification. With a favourable opportunity the feeds may be ſeen on the furface of the frond with • See h, a fmall bit cut out, with the upper cuticle pared half off: hh, the fame highly magnified.-N. B. It is impoſſible to aſcertain whe- ther the mucus confifts of a network of annular tubes, or of globules in contact with each other, from the defective perſpective attending the uſe of the compound microſcope. See the Obſervation on the mode of eating it in Dr. With. Bot. Arr. 4. p. 101, I have counted nearly forty leaves from a fingle diſk. • It may not be amifs to hint at the furprifing power of re-production from the baſe and ftems in fome ſpecies, widely differing from the prolia ferous tendency at the edges, which many of the larger kinds of Fuci, ſuch as F. veficulofus, ferratus, E3c. poffefs. The inhabitants of Brittany, I am informed, cut theſe plants twice in the year for manure, and the crop is always abundant. This I am aſſured of, from a French Clergyman of veracity. • This probably aroſe from a mixture of the fubftance of the frond in the liquor. I endeavoured to aſcertain its dying powers by the ufual me. thods without fucceſs, as the quantity of tinging matter was not fufficient; though, if attempted at large, and properly evaporated, it might be made fufficiently ſtrong. However, an ingenious chemical Friend (the Rev. W. GREGOx) affures me he has procured a fine Lake from an infuſion of it by means of alum. See P., *11. h nat. fize; hh magnified, ( 59 ) with high magnifiers, either in cluſters or ſtretched in ſtrait lines, and croſſing cach other; and at this ſtage of the plant numerous minute tubercles with perforations at the tips may be ſeen as in F. palmatus, but this happens on- ly when it is advancing to a ſtate of decay, or when it has lain a few hours expoſed on the fand. Hab. Menabilly, Fowey; Adon Caſtle, Penzance, &c. • I have placed the F. dulcis of GMELIN (t. 26.) as a doubtfal ſynonym of this ſpecies, from its remarkable wedge-ſhaped frond; and it ſeems a nearer affinity of this than of F. palmatus, to which it has been generally referred. Though the Synonyms of RAY, MORISON, and Hudson are quoted by GMELIN, it is ſaid to have been an inhabitant of the ſea of KAMTSCHATKA. In addition to the maftication of this and the preceding ſpecies the Lovers of Laver may be gratified with the account of a curious mode of deeffing fith in the Iands of the Ar- chipelago, extracted from Profeffor Gmelin, p. 190. "They take flices of fiſh, and flew them with Crow garlick (Allium Urſinum, LIN.) chopt (mall: when tender, fome lard, or any animal fat, is added; and laſtly, a handful or more of this F. dulcis, called by them Maruti, is put on, which not only gives a moſt beautifal purple tinge to the Ragout, but diffolves, and thickens the fauce ſo much, that when cold the jelly is ſtrong enough to ſupport a ſpoon, or other thing placed in it in a perpendicular direction." CÆSPITOSUS. TAB. XII. F U C U S See to pesilles.pl FUCUS, fronde ramofiffimâ, implicatâ; apicibus clavæ-formibus, (Species nova.) RADIX minuta, plana, agglutinata. CAULIS filiformis, flexuoſus, ramofiffimus, RAMULI, filiformes fursùm grandiores; apicibus incraffatis. FRUCTIFICATIO. Gelatina reticulato-tubuloſa; granulis orbiculatis, feminiferis, intùs ; tuberculis foramino- fis extus. SEMINA minutiflima, pyriformia. OBSERVATIONES. PARVULA hæcce, nec adhùc defcripta fpecies in rupibus Montis S. MICHAELIS in CORNUBIA fatis copiosè provenit. A F. pygmæo, cui mole suâ habituque creſcendi aliquatenùs eft affinis, plurimùm, fi attentiùs infpicias, differt. Fru&ificatio enim, ut fupra notavi, Generi Fuco, ſenſu reftri&o, propria eſt, et, quod mirum videatur in tam pufilla planta, ſemina pari magnitudine ac in F. veficulofo cernuntur. Seges uberrima plantularum harum etiam in præruptis fcopulis frequenter cernenda eſt, fingulis inter feſe implicatis, et faxo bafi proprià agglutina- tis. Plantula quævis e cæſpite fumpta ftatim e bafi ramofa eft. Ramuli filiformes, incurvi, ſubtùs attenuati, ra- mulis aliis breviffimis, quibus cælpes formatur, obfiti funt. Apices ramulorum pro ratione plantæ perampli, fuc- culenti, nodo vel articulo juxta fru&ificationem inflru&i. In his, maturâ ætate pellucidis, et ferè cylindricis, fi- ta el fru&ificatio. Granula orbicularia intùs ad lucem, fi microſcopium adhibeas, conſpicienda funt : tubercula quoque in fuperficie ; apicibus, ut in F. veficulofo, &c foratis ; et, fi portionem tranſversim feces, feminula mi- nutiflima in vitrum effundentur. Altitudo cæſpitis, vel etiam plantæ individuæ rarò ſemuncialis; color olivace- S us; [ 60 ] us; ad radices nigrefcens, ad apices dilutè purpureus. In faxis mediis maris æſtubus copertis habitat ſpecies hæc; F. pygmæus è contra, Licheni affinior, fi non re verâ Lichen, vel Genus intermedium, ferè femper in ficco degit, nec unquam niſi ſummis æſtubus fubmergitur. Hab. Marazion Cornub. oppid. &c. MATTED F U CU S. PL. XII. FUCUS. frond very much branched, matted together in cloſe patches : fummits large, club- ſhaped. (New Species.) ROOT very ſmall, flat, adhering. STEM thread-ſhaped, crooked, much branched. BRANCHES thread-ſhaped, ſmalleſt at bottom: fummits large for the fize of the plant, cylindrico-compreſſed. FRUCTIFICATION. A pellucid mucus reticulated with capillary fibres; with orbicular maſſes of feeds, with- in, and perforated conic tubercles on the furface. SEEDS, minute, pear-ſhaped. OBSERVATIONS. Among the ſmaller ſpecies of Fuci many undoubtedly are as yet undeſcribed. The fubject of this article is by no means uncommon on the S. W. Coaſt on rugged rocks, ſomewhat defended from the fury of the waves : it is plentiful on the Pier Stones of the Quay at St. Michael's Mount in CORNWALL. It may have been miſta- ken for the Pigmy Fucus of LIGHTFOOT, or a minute variety rather of F. corneus, but it differs eſſentially from them in many reſpects. In fructification this Plant agrees perfeâly with the Genus Fucus, taken in the moſt reſtrained ſenſe of the word. The patches of it are of various ſizes, and ſometimes occupy large ſpaces of the rock. It ariſes from a very minute flat baſe: the ſtem and branches are round, and not exceeding the fize of coarſe fewing thread: it is branched from the baſe, and garniſhed near the bottom with ſhort, crooked, rigid ſhoots, which ſerve to implicate the maſs. The branches are ſmalleſt at the baſe, and ſuddenly expand at top in- to thickiſh ſummits, very large in proportion to the ſize of the plant, with an articulation generally near the top. Theſe fru&ify, and become nearly cylindrical, in which ſtate, as they are tranſparent, the orbicular maſſes of feeds are diſcernible, when held to the light, by a common eye-glaſs. On the ſurface likewiſe are to be ſeen co- nical protuberances with perforations for the diſcharge of the ripe ſeeds, as in the larger forts, and on taking off a tran: * The Pigmy F. of LIGHTFOOT and the F. pumilus of Hudsos, p. 584, may be the fame; but the ſpecific character of the latter, mention ing axillary bladders, is in that cafe erroneous. It is more probable, the plants defenbed by Lightfoot and Hudfon are different ſpecies. Lightfoot's deſcription exactly correſponds with our Plant, and I ſhall hope at a future day to evince that its fru&ification is analogous to that of genus Lichen. Though an inhabitant of both elements it is known to be for weeks together without being fubmerfed. ( 61 ) a tranſverſe flice, when the feeds are ripe, they will be ſeen to diſcharge themſelves on the field of the micror. cope. The height of this diminutive Plant is about half an inch; its colour olive, inclining to blackiſh near the bottom; the fummits light brown, with now and then a faint tinge of purple. Its place of growth is much near- er low water-mark than that of the Pigmy Fucus. Hab. St. Michaels Mount, CORNWALL, and the adjacent Coaft. . . See Tab. 411. a A clufter of Plants. b A fingle detached ſpecimen, nat.lize. A fummit magnified. d A Papilla or Tubercle. Clalters of Seeds FUCUS CORNEUS. TAB. XII. FUCUS, fronde cartilagineâ, filiformi, ramofifſimâ ; ramulis ad apices dilatatis, compreſſis, ci- liatis. Lightfoot (Nereideus), p. 956.-Hudſ. (Filicinus), p. 586.-Gmelin (Sericeus ?), p. 149.-With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. 117.-Linn. Tr. v. 3. 181. var. B. RADIX, fibrillis intertexta, minutiffima. , CAULIS, tenuis, fubcompreffus, incurvus. RAMULI filiformes, incurvi, maturâ ætate in medio dilatati, ciliati, FRUCTIFICATIO inciliis (D. LICHTFOOT). OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc in occidentali Angliæ littore fatis copiosè reperitur. Saxis adnaſcitur aliquando, frequentiùs au- tem caules Fucorum grandiorum copiâ fuâ obruit. Minimè dubium elt F. fericeum GMELINI huic noſtro affi- nem elle, etſi plus duplo major fit; Fucus Spinofus quoque ejuſdem Au&oris a D. D. GOOD ENOUGH et Wood- WARD, ut varietas F. cornei enumeratur. Habitu tamen, ut fufpicor, ambæ hæ ſpecies a noſtro differunt: ap- tiffimè quidem ibi deſcribitur plantæ noftræ habitus " fronde ad baſin furculosâ, furculis radicantibus, unde fron- des plurimæ confertæ oriuntur, et cava laxorum fæpe cingunt" (Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 181.). Plantam individuam fatis accuratè deſcribit D. LIGHTROOT, et nullus dubito quin noftra eſt: habitum tamen cæſpititium fibi peculia- rem, omninò prætermifit . Ramuli juniores filiformes; prove&iores, ſubtus tenues in medio dilatati, apicibus acu- minatis. Pinnulas ſetaccas, five cilia, per totam plantam, præfertim ubi frons dilatatur, cernere eft. Hifce, ut- pote et ramulis junioribus, congeries plantularum implicatur. Altitudo plantæ individuæ bi-uncialis; color fatu- rè coccineus. Fru&ificationem in pinnulis fitam effe fufpicatur D. Lurroor. In tam parvulâ plantà difficile forſan fuerit fru&ificandi methodum accuratè inveſtigare. Pinnulas intumeſcentes aliquando obſervavi: his tranf. versim fub microſcopio ſcais, granula quædam minutiflima albida in vitrum ejiciebantur. P.S. Cilia quandoque intumelcunt, tuberculis ints feminulla coccinels repletis, ut mihi mandat D. Woodward. Ramall fetacoopisati nuncupantur a D. SOLANDER, notante D. LICHTTOOT, p956, chander fane di Riadivus, Gelidium corneum. Samois, lavac 47. GALBEN photococcus concio MCN 2017 : d 22 byl doente [ 62 ] P.S. Varietates quatuor hujufce fpeciei notavêre D.D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD, herbaris cl. viro- rum Linner, BUDDLEII, UVEDALIS, et PETIVERI accuratè inſpectis. BRISTLY-EDGED FU CU S. PL. XII. FUCUS. frond cartilaginous, thread-ſhaped, much branched: the branches widening in the middle, ciliated. (* No Plate of this Variety.) ROOT, a congeries of crooked fibrous radicles. STEM fine, rather flattiſh, crooked. FROND thread-ſhaped ; crooked, lanceolate in the ſummits of the branches, with ſetaceous ſpinules at the edges. FRUCTIFICATION in ſetaceous pinnules (LIGHTFOOT)? OBSERVATIONS. Tuis Species is by no means rare with us, as Lightroot afferts it to be in Scotland. It covers patches of rock, and likewiſe the lower ſtems of F. digitatus, tamariſcifolius, and others. Its appearance is in matted tufts of thread-like ſhoots like many of the ſhrubby Lichens, or ſmall Confervo. This circumſtance ought to have been noticed by the Author above cited. Its diſtinctive character ſeems to be an expanſion of the middle of the larger ſhoots, which is very conſiderable for the fize of the plant, as will appear by looking at the Draw- ing. This enlargement is only in its breadth, and not in thickneſs likewiſe, as in F. cæſpitofus, and it ſharpens to a point, ſo as to reſemble a ſpear-ſhaped leaf. The root is fingularly matted as above deſcribed, and is the cauſe of its adheſion to its place of growth with an unuſual firmneſs. A ſingle plant detached from the maſs is ge- nerally about two inches high, branched nearly from the bottom, and ſmalleſt downwards. It is rather cartilagi- nous in its texture, and of a gloffy ſurface, from whence probably GMELIN has called an affinity of this ſpecies Silly Fucus. The whole plant is beſet with ſhort briftly pinnules; thoſe on each fide of the wide part of the frond are ſometimes ſwollen at the tips. In theſe LightFOOT conjectures the fru&ification is ſituated, and Mr. WOODWARD informs me he has diſcovered tubercles of feeds in ſome of them. On cutting ſome of theſe tips tranſverſely under the microſcopc, a clear mucus with very minute granules was poured out on the field. Theſe ſeem to be the ſeeds, but were probably in an immature ſtate. Hab. Acton Caſtle, Marazion, &c. &c. FUCUS * Gmelin's t. xv. f. 3. has all the habit of this ſpecies, but is three times as large ; his t. xviii. f. 3. is likewiſe an affinity with the ſegments ſtill wider, and ſaid to be Britiſh. I have ſome ſpecimens very needly as large. It is remarkable that Gmel, mentions a proliferous var. of this laft (p. 161.) with ſetæ covering the two ſurfaces, as well as the edges, which ſhews an affinity between this ſpecies and Jubatus, * Mr. Woodward likewiſe has obſerved theſe cilia in fome inſtances ſwollen and appearing to contain a tubercle of deep red feeds. This Plant in the Linn. Tr. is ſaid to have a minute diſk, which I have not obſerved, • See Pl. XII. ſ, a cluſter of Plants, nat. fize. 8, a fingle ſpecimen. * This is not always the caſe: See the preceding account of it when fruiting, (note p. 61.) though it is always comprcffed. [ 63 ] F U C Us CRISPUS. TAB. XII. FUCUS. fronde anguſtâ, cartilagineâ, dichotomâ; apicibus furcatis; pericarpiis immerfis. Linn. S. Nat. 812.-F.ceranoides, Lightfoot, 913.-Hudſ. 582.-Raij, Syn. 44. 1.16.- Linn. Tr.v.3.p. 169. var, B.-F.membranifolius. With. Bot. Arr. v. 4. p. 106. RADIX, diſcoides, plures emittens cauliculos. CAULIS, complanatus, dichotomus, fursùm dilatatus, RAMULI dichotomi, plani, fursùm levitèr dilatati; ſegmentis ad apices numeroſiſſimis, divaricatis, FRUCTIFICATIO: tubercula, feu pericarpia, ovata, folitaria, rigida, innata, utrinque prominentia. SEMINA intùs in muco pellucido, OBSERVATIONE S. Vix ulla ſpecies vulgatior eft apud nos. A RAO quidem in Synopfi p. 44. n. 16. in fe&ione plantas “fo- lio plano, pellucido" continenti planta hæc, ſed haud fatis definitè, deſcribitur. Vocabula quidem “ F. ceranoides, variè diffe&us" errores et hallucinationes, ut alibi obfervavi, fatis conſpicuas induxere, nec ullibi, nifi in Flora Scoticâ accuratus hujuſce plantæ extat chara&ter ſpecificus. E bafi communi dilatatâ, irregulari, plurimi oriun- tur cauliculi angufti , complanati, leviter fursùm dilatati; primùm fimplices et erecti, deinde per dichotomiam ſeſe expandentes : intervallis dichotomiæ fursùm brevioribus. Summitates frondium ramofiffimæ, et flabelli ad inftar expanſã, apicibus quoque furcatis. Subſtantia folii cartilaginea, et diaphana ; altitudo triuncialis, et fuprà : cauliculi uſque ad quadraginta ex eâdem bafi: color variat multùm. Fru&ificatio juxta apices fita eft. Tuber- cula duriuſcula, ovata, purpureo-rubra, frondi innafcuntur. Intùs femina in muco cernere eft, fi adhibeatur cul- tellus; maturo autem tempore rupto tegmine in frondem ejiciuntur, ibique firmiter fatis adhærent. P.S. Nullibi clariùs emicuêre labores D. D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD quam in hâc fpecie e tenebris Synonymorum eruenda. Hab. paffim. (VAR. 2.) TAB. XII. foliolis fru&iferis complanatis, bifidis ; pericarpio immerſo. SUBSTANTIA plantæ hujuſce, cujus fummitatem fru&ificantem folummodò delineavi, æquè ac prioris cartila- ginea eft; fru&ificatio eadem : frondis tamen habitus variat laciniis ad apices dilatatis, truncatis, ligulifque, feu foliolis fru&iferis è margine ſuperficieque erumpentibus. Proxime F.ceranoidis var. 4 et 5 in Catalogo D.Ligur- voor locum fuum obtinebit planta hæc. Suſpicor quidem verrucofas illas in F. SCOTICA varietates minimè a noftrà disjungendas; ligulæ enim fuprà memoratæ, primò convolutæ verrucarum ad inftar dein fefe evolvunt. No- tatu dignum eft quoque corpuſcula hæc verruciformia a D. LICHTFOOT (P. 917.) « ligamenta" vocari, maculaſque quafdam T Vid. p. 30,5t. . O&avam unciæ partem lati (D. Lightfoot, p. 914.); notandum eft plurimuna inelle fimilitudinis inter habîrum F. faftigiati, et F.criſpia [ 64 ] quafdam rubras ab illo intùs inveniri feminulis repletas, pericarpii forfan rudimenta. Ut ut fe res habet, fructificatio plantæ noftræ (Tab. XII. k, kk.) ſolitaria, immerſa, et utrinque prominens affinitatem in Tabulâ Synopticâ (p. xxiv.) ſtabilitam, quæ in frondibus verrucofis, ut vocantur, ligamentis proliferis convolutis, vel fucculentis mi- nùs perſpicua eſt, fatis apertè denotat. Altitudo plantæ ſexuncialis: color fuſcus, vel brunneus in adultis; in junioribus, præſertim in foliolis fru&ificantibus, amænè purpureus. Hab. juxta PENSANCE in CORNUBIA. ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 CARTILAGINOUS FU CU S, PL.XII. OR Buckshorn. FUCUS. frond narrow, cartilaginous, dichotomous : fummits much branched, divaricated; with folitary, innate pericarps. PLAT E S. Gmelin, t. 7. f. 3. (a fingle branch, large). ROOT thin, ſpreading, throwing up numerous ſhoots. STEM flattifh, griftly, dichotomous near the top, and gently dilated. BRANCHES dichotomous, ſhortening upwards and ſlightly dilated; ſpread out like a fan. • FRUCTIFICATION folitary, imbedded, oval tubercles, of a horny texture, and a bright red colour; promi- nent on either furface. SEEDS numerous, blood-red, in a clear mucus. OBSERVATIONS. The Species here delineated is F. criſpus var. ß of the Linnean Tranſactions, not the var. cg which, I under- ſtand, has a wider, and rather palmated frond like F.ceranoides of GMELIN, t. 7. f. 1. I entertain no doubt, however, but it is the true F. ceranoides of Lightroom and HUDSON, as it is one of the moſt common plants of our Coaſt. LIGHTFOOT's Deſcription, which I fubjoin in a note, is extremely characteriſtic; he there fays the breadth of the leaves is generally one-eighth of an inch. When thrown on the ſhore after a ſtorm it is fre- quently found in large maſſes, with from forty to a hundred ſhoots from a common diſk. In this ſtate it reſem- bles very much the habit of F. faftigiatus, the ſhort forked Fucus, as they both throw up numerous ſhoots from a common diſk, and both have their ſummits crowded, owing to the dichotomous ſegments being numerous and ſhort * PL. XI1, ii a fruétified fummit magnified. k the imbedded pericarp. I doubt the accuracy of Profeſſor GMELIN in his delineation of F.cer anoides, t. 7. f. 1. (not to mention his claſſing it in his first Order of F.vefculofus). I much doubt whether the round bodies on the frond may not reprefert incipient mamilla, or leafits rolled up. They cer- tainly give no idea of imbedded pericarps. • "Many radical leaves ariſe from the ſame root or baſe, and ſpread upon the rocks in a circular form, or (as the water often leaves them) in [ 65 ] ſhort in each towards the ſummits. The height of this plant is about four inches, the breadth of the leaves about an eighth of an inch at top, narrower downwards. Colour very variable. The cartilaginous pellucid texture of the frond, and its ſolitary imbedded pericarps ferve under all its varying forms to diſcriminate this ſpecies. I have been much gratified with the very accurate Obſervations of the Gentlemen fo often alluded to reſpecting this fpe. cies. I find they coincide with me in opinion as to the confufion introduced by miſtaken fynonyms. In confe- quence of comparing the ſpecimens in the different Herbaria, they have placed the palmated, or broad leaved variety of GMELIN, t. 7. f. 1. at the head of the ſpecies. I think, however, from the frequency of the ſpecimens caſt on our ſhores that the plant I have delineated is the fort deſcribed by LightrooT and Hudson. When it grows in that wide expanded form, it is difficult to diſtinguiſh it, unleſs in fru&ification, from the mamil and echinated ſpecies in a ſtate of adoleſcence. (VAR. B.) PL. XII. .... leafits, membranaceous, bifid, with an imbedded feed-bearing pericarp. I INTRODUCE this Plant as a variety of F. criſpus, from ſimilarity in the eſſential point of fru&ification, and in compliance with our older Writers. The ſportive habit of the ſpecies Criſpus, the F. ceranoides of RAY, HUD- son, and Lightroot, has been long ſince noticed by them, and in a particular manner by Profeſſor GMELIN (p. 116.). This Plant, a fummit of which I have delineated, will afford an agreeable illuſtration of this ha- bit; for if reference were had to fru&ification alone, it would be difficult to conceive that a wart-like excreſcence on the furface, or at the edge of a frond, or a projeding fucculent ligament as Lightroot calls it, could have any analogy with an oval imbedded pericarp, which is the chara&er of F.criſpus in the Linn. Tr. v. 3. 170. This var. of F. criſpus, or, what I think more proper, this ſpecies of Genus, CHONDRUS, exhibits a fingular mode of fru&ification, viz. at the edges and on the ſurface near the edges are produced leafits of the fame texture with the parent frond, only proportionably thinner and more tranſparent. Theſe leafits are bifid at top, and in theſe are found imbedded the proper pericarp, oval, immerſed, and prominent on either ſide. On conſidering the Del- criptions of RAY, &c. and the general affinity of their warty varieties, it is not unfair to conclude that the 6 like excreſcences and proliferous ligaments" deſcribed by them may be only the leafits rolled up, as they appear in an immature ſtate. It is hoped that this matter will attraâ the notice of thoſe who are in daily habits of examin- ing theſe plants in all ſtages of their growth. This Fucus is tall, with narrow ſegments. wart- the form of an are of a circle. Each leaf is moſt commonly about four inches long, and one eighth of an inch wide, but varies from one to ſeven inches in length, and from one-twelfth to an inch in breadth ; of a tough cartilaginous fubftance, horny when dry, pellucid when held berweco the eye and the light; often of a bright purple colour, fometimes of a green colour, moft ufually a purple intermixed with green, and frequently, when calt upon the ſhores, and expoſed to the fun and air, of a yellowiſh-white or horo-colour. Again, each leaf is plane or flat on both furfaces, entire on the edges, of an uniform texture, without rib, fimple, undivided, and narrowelt at the baſe, wider and dichotomous upwards, but divided into ſo many ſegments towards the extremity, that, taken collectively, they reſemble a Corymbur. Each ſegment is bifid at the ſummit; the two lobes generally thort and obtuſe, but often longer and more acute, The frodifications appear in the fummits of the ſegments, imbedded fingly, one for the moſt part near the apex of each lobe, reſembling a mi- nute red wart or velicle, of the line of the ſmalleſt pin's head, and full of numerous feeds. Sometimes theſe fru&ifications are ſeen lower in the fabftance of the leaf." Fl. Scot. p. 914. • Lightfoot makes Gmel. tab. 7. f. 3. the principal, and f. 1, 2. the varieties. F U CU S ECHINATUS. TAB. XII. FUCUS. fronde cartilaginea, divaricata, profundè incisâ ; fuperficie ex una parte ſpinulis ob- tufis obfitâ. (Spc. [ 66 ] (Species nova.) RADIX tenuis, plana, agglutinata. CAULIS dichotomus, compreſſus. FRONS cartilaginea, expanfa, enervis; laciniis profundè inciſis, fpinulis ex unà frondis pagina. FRUCTIFICATIO in fpinulis, interna. SEMINA minutiflima in muco pellucido. OBSERVATIONE S. Frons Speciei hujus ex unâ parte folummodò echinata differt aliquatenùs a F. mamilloſo D. D. Good- ENOUGH et WOODWARD. Folia antiquitùs “ verrucofa" audiere, unde et nomen Anglicum; minus accuratè tamen ; fpinulis enim quam verrucis fimiliora funt, quæ è ſuperficie erumpunt, corpora cylindrica, et incurva. Planta tota re verâ echinata eſt, ut ex icone apparet : bafi nititur exili, complanatæ. Caulis tenuis, dichotomus, ſensìm ſeſe expandit. Folia expanſa, profundè inciſa, et quaſi palmata, è caule producuntnr, quorum divaricatio tanta eſt, ut " circuli curvaturam," ut ait D. LIGHTFOOT, efficiunt; necnon planta tota, utpote plurimis hiſce foliis inſtructa, quam maximè “ corymboſa” apparet. E baſi communi plures oriuntur cauliculi variæ ætatis. • Fructificatio in fpinulis maturo tempore etiam fine vitro conſpicienda eſt. Altitudo plantæ triuncialis, latitudo fæ- pe dimidio major : fubftantia frondis rigida, cartilaginea, ad lucem diaphana : color amænè viridis, aliquando olivaceus aut fuſco-purpureus, et haud rarò in adultis, interſtinétus maculis, fufci, viridis, et purpurei. Spinulæ rufæ aut brunneæ nonniſi ætate maturâ proveniunt, unde D. Morison re&tiffimè dicit “foliis ut plurimùm verru- cofis.” Frondis fc. pagina in adoleſcentibus, vel fterilibus, lævis, aut faltem verrucis minimis, foliolis forſan con- volutis, punctata cernitur, unde GMELINI tab. vii. f. 1. intuenti fcrupulus mihi injicitur, annon fpecies illa eti- am huc referenda fit. * Vid. Mor. Hift. Ox. 646.-Raij Syn. 44. n. 16. Spinulæ hæ, aut fi mavis fecundum D. Lightfoot, "Ligamenta prolifera" (91), imma- turâ ætate, rotundiuſculæ funt et convolutæ. Vide quæ obfervavi refpectu fructificationis in ſucculentis hifce ligumentis, itemque affinitatis inter fpeciem hanc et Fucum criſpum, var. B. p. 65. ECHINATED F U CU S. PL, XII. FUCUS, frond cartilaginous, widely ſpreading, with deep ſegments: the upper ſurface covered over with blunted ſucculent ſpines. (No Plate.) ROOT ſmall, thin, adhering. STEM, compreſſed, dichotomous. , FROND [67] FROND, griftly, ſuddenly expanding, ribleſs, tranſparent; cut into deep fegments, echinated on one ſide, • FRUCTIFICATION in the ſummits of the ſpines, conſiſting of numerous dark coloured and very minute ſeeds imbedded in a pellucid jelly. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is probably new, as having the ſpinous protuberances on one fide only. Theſe are generally ſomewhat crooked, fucculent, and tranſparent, and are deſigned as the organs of fru&ification. In their fum- mits are lodged the feeds, which, when ripe, may be ſeen with a ſtrong eye-glaſs, if held to the light. Theſe ſpines, or “ proliferous ligaments," as Lightroot calls them, uſually come out, as I before obſerved, from one furface only, and there are the appearances of cavities on the oppoſite ſide, as if they were hollow, and had a communication upwards. The general height of this plant is from three to four inches: its ſtem is narrow, and compreſſed, widening upwards, and dichotomous. Its divarication is ſo conſiderable, that its breadth is frequent- ly double its height. The ſummits ſuddenly expand, and have very deep inciſions, ſo as to appear irregularly palmated : the tips of the ſegments are bifid and forked. Colour bright green, ſometimes olive: ſpines brown. It muſt be obſerved that this ſpecies when young, as likewiſe the other warted kinds, has no appearance of ſpines, which corroborates the idea of their being an appendage of fru&ification, and this is rightly hinted by Mori- son. I took it for granted on a firſt view, that this ſpecies would prove to be the F. mamillofus of the new Ca- talogue (Linn. Tr. V. 3. p. 174.); but on a careful examination of the ſpecific chara&er of each, I ſhall venture to keep it diftin&t under the trivial name adopted above. The ſtem is rolled fomewhat in at the edges, making a furrow in the middle, ſo as to anſwer the chara&er of " hinc canaliculatus." Its bright apple green colour is remarkable in a ſea plant, and characteriſtic of the ſpecies, Hab. Marazion, Adon Caſtle, &c. &c. • PL. 11. m one of the papillæ magnified. n the feeds. Mor. Hin. Ox. 646. • Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 104. F U CU S SEDOIDES. TAB. XII. FUCUS. fronde tereti, gelatinosâ, diaphana, tenerâ ; ramis paucis: foliis craflis, utrinque at- tenuatis, petiolatis. Reaumur. A. Gall. 1712. p. 40.--Lightfoot. (Vermicularis) p. 958 ?-Linn. Tr. v. 4. p. 117. RADIX diſcoides, plana, agglutinata. CAULIS cylindricus, tener, diaphanus, RAMULI pauci, fub-dichotomi, teretes. FOLIA fucculenta, diaphana, petiolata, ramulos undique circumdantia. FRUCTIFICATIO, gelatina, pellucida, retiformis, foliis immerſa. SEMINA minutiflima, glomerata, coccinea. OBSER- [68] OBSERVATIONE S. SPECIES duæ ſubſtantiâ et habitu paululùm inter fe difcrepantes in littoribus noſtris reperiuntur F. F. ovalis et fedoides. Ambas haſce fub communi F. ovalis nomine incluſit D. HUDSON, fynonymis F. vermicularis et poly- podioidis D. Gmelin in unum relatis. Habitus F. ovalis procumbens, divaricatus, rigidiuſculus, foliis ſparſis, apice obtufis: F. fedoidis, erectus, mollis (Reaum. A&t. Gall. 1718, p. 40.), foliis undique glomeratis, apice attenuatis. E baſi tenui diſcoidi caulis unus et alter aſſurgit fubnudus, erectus. Ramuli pauci, ad baſin foliis viduati. Folia hæc vix tertiam unciæ partem longa, formâ et fubftantiâ, ut ait D. LIGHTFOOT (P. 958.), “ fo- liis Sedi albi quam fimillima funt." Color amenè roſaceus. Fru&ificatio in foliolis juxta apicem reperitur. In interiori fubftantiâ ad lucem oculo armato cernuntur femina, queis per foramina minutiffima maturo tempore da- tur exitus in mare. Notandum eſt, cum fit planta omnium tenerrima, habitum in fpeciminibus ficcis magnoperè variare, foliis inter ficcandum, aut deciduis, aut compreſſis, et quafi membranaceis. Species eſt ferè femper pa- raſitica. Hab. Acton Caſtle, Penſance, et alibi. nervo F. polypodioidem in Catalogo ſuo omifit D. Lightfoot, qui deſcriptionem apud D. Gmelin " foliis oblongis, obtufis, integerrimis in illis nullo, &c.” p. 186, a ſpecimine exſiccato fumptam, minus accuratè perſpexit. F. daſyphyllus nov.fp. (Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 119.) hujus fpeciei affinis eft. Character diſtincivus, quoad hactenus obfervavi, inter haſce fpecies a colore fumendus eft. F. ovalis in CORNUBIA ſemper olivaceus, vel can- dicans (Gmel. p. 162.) reperitur ; F. fedoides, ruber. • Vid. Lightfoot, 958. STONE-CROP FU CU S. PL.XII. FUCUS. frond cylindrical, tender, tranſparent: branches few ; leaves ſucculent, ſwelling in the middle, ſurrounding the branches. , . Ρ Ι Α Τ Ε. A&t. Gall. 1712. t. 4.f. 8. ROOT, diſcoid, flat, adhering. STEM, round, of the ſize of large packthread, gelatinous, tranſparent. BRANCHES, few, erect, of an equal fize throughout. LEAVES ſurrounding the branches, fucculent, ſmalleſt at each end, pedunculated. · FRUCTIFICATION, a net-work of capillary tubes immerſed in the ſubſtance of the leaves. SEEDS very ſmall, blood-red. OBSER * PL. X11. L. I. a fruétifying leaf magnified. [ 69 ] OBSERVATIONS. This Species I have called F. fedoides, as differing in many reſpeas from the F. vermicularis of Licht- voor and GMELIN, which is the F. ovalis of Hudson. It is always, I imagine, a paralitical plant, and com- monly to be found growing on the large footſtalks of F. digitatus. It ſends up one, and ſometimes two or three flems, which are divided at top into a few principal branches; not, however, ftrialy . dichotomous; the ſtem and lower part of the branches are naked : at the top the latter are garniſhed all round without any order, with tender fucculent leaves growing on flender footſtalks. Theſe leaves ſwell in the middle, and are more pointed at the tops than F. ovalis : they are tranſparent, and of a ſmooth ſhining ſurface. The uſual height of the Plant is from two to four inches; the length of the leaves, which are all of a fize, about three-tenths of an inch. The fucculency of theſe leaves, and the manner of their ſurrounding the upper parts of the branches gave LIGHTFOOT the idea of the Sedum album, or common white flowering Stone-crop. The whole Plant is of a bright clear pink colour. The fru&ification is ſituated in the upper leaves, and may be feen, if held up to the light, by a com- mon eye glaſs. It conſiſts of minute red globules, which on diſſection appear to be imbedded in a colourleſs reti- culated jelly, in the ſame manner as F. articulatus, pinnatifidus, kaliformis, &c. On highly magnifying a piece of the leaf, I diſcovered the ſurface in an advanced ſtate perforated with minute holes for the diſcharge of the feeds. I find, on inſpećing Dr. GOOD ENOUGH and Mr. WOODWARD'S Catalogues, that this ſpecies is ſeparated from F.ovalis, and by a happy coincidence under the ſelf-fame trivial name which I have adopted. • This character is aferibed to F. vermicularis by Lightfoot, p. 959, though Gmelin's Pl. 18. f. 4. which he commends, is far from dichoto mous. There is certainly a great affinity, but the ſhape of the leaves, the firm texture, and ftraggling growth of F. cvalis, and its globular fructification (Linn. Tr. p. 1. p. 117.) are ſufficient to keep it diftina; as likewiſe the colour, which in F. ovalis, as far as I have obſerved, is brown or olive, in F. fedoides bright red. F U C U S THRIX, TAB. XII. FUCUS. fronde, fimplici, ſetaceâ, tubulosâ; plurimis è bafi communi. With. Arr. v. 4. P. 116. (Species nova). RADIX plana, tenuis, agglutinata. FRONS, fetacea ad bafin attenuata in medio turgidula : futurâ fpirali. FRUCTIFICATIO interna, filamentis implicatis, diaphanis conftans. SEMINA minutiſlima, opaca. OBSERV A TI O N E S. In filfuris rupium juxta Acton Castle in finu Mounts Bax di&o occurrit parvula hæc fpecies. Habitu frondis cylindrico, tubuloſo, nec non futurà ſpirali F. filum refert, diftin&iffima tamen eſt; nunquam enim, quoad obfervavi, * In Comitaru COR [ 70 ] obfervavi, ſolitaria reperitur. E baſi communi oriuntur bina, terna, fena, aut etiam plura fila cylindrica, tubuloſa, variæ ætatis et magnitudinis: juniora, planè fetacea; prove&tiora, in medio et ad apices turgidula, intùs filamen- tis capillaribus, tubulifve pellucidis lanæ ad inftar inter fe implicatis, repleta. Altitudo plantæ biuncialis, vel etiam ſexuncialis; color olivaceus; cuticula glaberrima, lubriciffima, nitens. Fronde matureſcente, apices marceſcunt, et ſubſtantiâ, ut nudis oculis apparet, lanosâ operiuntur: fi microſcopium adhibeas, filamenta capillaria fupradi&ta cernuntur, ſensìm feſe evolventia. Filamenta hæcce feptis ad intervalla inſtructa, granula intùs opaca minutiffima continent, quæ, vel femina, vel faltèm, ſeminum funt rudimenta. Hab. Acton Caſtle, Penſance, et alibi in occident. Angliæ littore. CAPILLARY FU CU S. PL. X11. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, unbranched, hair-like: many threads from the fame baſe. (No Plate.) ROOT flat, thin, ſpreading, THREADS, hair-like, ſmall at bottom, ſwelling a little in the middle, and at the tips, with a ſpiral ſeam. FRUCTIFICATION. A collection of woolly fibres, which on being highly magnified appear to be tranſparent capillary tubes with ſepta, or partitions. SEEDS, very minute dark-coloured granules in the tubes. OBSERVATION S. This minute plant has hitherto eſcaped Botanical notice. Indeed unleſs you ſtoop low it is not to be diſcern- ed, as it grows in the clefts of the rock. Its uſual height is from two to four inches, ſome few threads occaſional- ly attaining the length of fix inches. Its baſe or diſk is flat and creeping on the rocks: it ſends up from two, to ten thread-like unbranched ſhoots: the younger ones of an uniform ſlenderneſs; the elder ones very finall near the baſe, and gently ſwelling in the middle and at the tips. Theſe latter diſcover on being held to the light a ſpiral feam. Cluſters of theſe minute plants are ſometimes found ſpread, as it were in patches. Its firm elaſtic flippery coat, and gelatinous interior part, added to the ſpiral mode of its growth, might induce a belief that it was only a variety or infant plant of F. filum, but its cluſtered habit is alone fufficient to diſcriminate it. The fummits are frequently found decaying, and at that time they appear to be covered with woolly filaments: but on examining and diſſecting them, they appear to be pellucid capillary veſſels continued through the frond, and evolving themſelves in the water. * Theſe veſſels when more highly magnified appear to be tubes furniſhed with ſepta or partitions, and not unfrequently when far advanced you diſcover very minute dark-coloured granules, which muſt be either the ſeeds, or the rudiments of ſeeds, Hab. Acton CASTLE, Mounts-Bay, CORNWALL. * Pl. x11. 0, 0, o Summits evolving. p a Summit highly magnified. 9, 9, 9 The tubes. See PL. X11.9, 9. I have arranged this minute Plant under genus CHORDA in the Synoptic Table, but our knowledge is too confined as yet to fix the boundaries be tween many of the marine plants that are fo nearly allied in habit. The tubular Ulvæ of Mr. Woodward (Linn. Tr.v. 3. p. 52.) will proba. My hereafter form a diftina Genus. [ 71 ) FUCUS CERANOIDES. FUCUS. fronde planâ, integerrimâ, æquali, dichotomâ; nervo intermedio; fru&ibus oblon- gis, acuminatis. Herb. Linn. Buddle. p.6. n. 3. RADIX, diſcus, explanatus, plures emittens furculos, CAULIS compreffus, folidus; membrana laterali verfus bafim laceratâ, vel abrasa. RAMULI dichotomi, pun&ulis, five porulis aſperfi, nervo intermedio: apicibus in foliis junioribus, furcatis; in maturis, fru&ificatione mucronatâ terminatis. FRUCTIFICATIO in apicibus ramulorum lateralium; plures fimul veſiculæ, oblongæ, mucofæ, acuminatæ. OBSERVATIONES AUCTORITATE dl. virorum D. D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD, infpe&oque a me nuperrimè Herbario Linneano, fpeciem hanc fifto, textura frondis tenuiorc, fru&ufque forma a F. fpirali planè diverſam. Au&orum diſcrepantiam refpe&u nominis trivialis in Faſciculo pofteriore memoravi.. Habitus Plantæ ex icone liquet; vari- at aliquando latitudine foliorum. Fru&tificatio non nifi in apicibus biennibus conficitur. Fru&ificationis metho- dus, prout Microſcopio fubje&a conſpicitur, F. veficulofi fupra memorati affinis. Gmelini F. filiformem, ico- ne infpeâa, haud aufim, pro Synonymo admittere. In Herbario Linneano, extat ſpecimen F. filiformis Iconi Gmelini fimile, et a F. ceranoide planè diverfum. F. filiformem ftatu recenti nunquam adhuc vidi, neque in Her- bariis anglicis a me infpe&is exemplar ejus exficcatum vidi. Hab. Ch. Church, in Agr. Hants. • Vid. p. 50. 51. 63. Minimè dubium eft Linneum Speciem fuam pro F. ceranoidi Raij accepiffe, ut ex Synonymis conftat ; mirum tamen videtur D. Lightfoot, Ch. Spec. viz. « Fructificationem bifidam tuberculatam" a Linneo F. ceranoidi attributam minime F. ceranoidi Raij con venire fenfiffe, utpote etiam ex loco in Catalogo Linn, proxime F. veficuloſo conjicere par erat. In herbariis majoris notæ Faci vulgares vix obtinent locum vel faltem unum alterumve confpicitur fpecimen. In Herb. tamen D. Velley F. veliculofi formis variis, quibus illudit, copia mira cernenda eft, fed nec ibi F. filiformis Gmel. F. linearis Hadf. F. diftichi Lightf. apparet exem- plar. F U CUS CERANOIDES. FUCUS. frond flat, very entire, of an uniform breadth, dichotomous, midribbed, with oblong acuminated Frucifications. (No Plate.) ROOT an expanded Diſc fending up numerous ſhoots. STEM compreſſed, folid, with the alæ of the midrib either ragged or quite worn off, below. BRANCHES dichotomous; each furface pun&ured over with ſmall apertures: the fummits in the younger ſhoots forked, in the elder terminated with oblong acute Frucifications, FRUCTIFICATION generally lateral, conſiſting of cluſters of fharp-pointed veſicles. X OBSER [ 72 ] OBSERVATIONS, The arrival of the Herbarium of Linneus in this country has clearly aſcertained the Species called by him, at leaſt in his later publications, by the trivial name of F.ceranoides; and though with reluctance at transferring a name long rendered familiar to my ears from a well known to a more rare fpecies, and being likewiſe confident that the transfer originated in error, yet to prevent further confuſion between ourſelves and foreign Botaniſts, I follow the example of the learned Authors who have ſo ably deſcribed the Britiſh Fuci. Many doubts are entertained by reſpectable Botaniſts about the propriety of ſeparating the coriaceous midrib- bed Fuci. Gmelin compriſes them all under the common trivial name of F. veſiculofus. Lightfoot has made four different ſpecies, and Meſſrs. Goodenough and Woodward have reduced them to three. I am convinced however from a&ual obſervation, that there are many kindred ſpecies ſtill undeſcribed, which, being propagated from feeds, continue unchanged, and occupy extenſive portions of the Sea Coaſt, in the ſame manner as it is ob- ſerved of ſome Land Plants, which though nearly allied in habit, never, or rarely intermix, and produce hybrid plants. This fa&t muſt wait till more accurate inveſtigation under the microſcope fhall furniſh proper data to de- cide on. I add a new ſpecies in the article immediately ſubſequent to this a native of the S. W. Coaft. The Species juft deſcribed is always nearly of an equal breadth throughout, but that breadth varies from half an inch to nearly that of a ſtraw. Its habit of growth, however, which at top is divaricating and Antler-like, is very different from the F. filiformis of Gmelin, if one may judge from his Pl. Tab, 1. A. This however has been referred to as a Synonym by Lightfoot and Hudſon, and recently in the Linn. Tr. Unfortunately no fpecimens of the two former Authors are extant, from whence they have taken their deſcriptions, and the ſpecimens fur- niſhed me by Mr. Woodward, from one of which the Drawing is taken, do not at all reſemble Gmelin's Plate, or the Linnean Specimen. Hab. Chriſt Church, Hants. * Linneus quotes the Synonym of Ray. See my Obferv. p. 50.51.63. b Linn. Tr. V. 3. FU CU S SHERARDI. FUCUS. fronde dichotomâ, coriaceâ, punctatâ, coftatâ ; foliis brevioribus ad apicem congel- tis ; fructificatione in fummis foliorum, formâ immutatis. Herb. Sherardi. Ox. N. 1. 21 ATOM RADIX, callus expanfus . ULI RAMULI dichotomi, infernè, planè nudi. FOLIA in capitulum collecta; apicibus obtufis, vel furcatis; margine undulato, FRUCTIFICATIO. Granula intus feminifera, papillis extùs perforatis, ut in . F. veſiculoſo; ſparsim tamen, vel in orbem collecta, minimè in fru&um intumeſcentia. OBSERVATIONES. DIGNISSIMUS Vir, D. Williams, qui Cathedram Botanices apud Oxonienſes oceupat, ſpecimen Fuci hujus SHERARDI manu fubfcriptum nuperrimè mihi oftendit. Titulus “ F. ſeu Quercus marina latifolia, humilis, fine "veſiculis." Apud Raium in Syn. p. 41. Species, cui præfigitur Titulus hic, ut var. F. veſiculofi diſtinguitur in Vid. Proæm. P. XIX, itemque T. 9. ABC.VOLLAR notula [73] notula editoris fubjunga, his verbis, “ Ineffabilis fane eft in hoc genere varietas ratione ætatis et loci, aliorum- que accidentium" MORISON UM adiens Species tres humiles, feu altitudinis palmaris, invenio P. 647. n. 10, 11, 12. quorum mediam in CORNURA repertam F. canaliculatum capitulis ante fru&ificationem intumeſcentibus, ut fæpiffimè vidi, defignare judico. Icon etiam pofterioris, t. 8. n. 12. F. canaliculatum maturum fatis accura- tè exhibet ; prior vero t. 8. n. 10. qui omnium confenfu F. Spirali refertur, minus feliciter fpeciem aliquam ad. huc a me repertam adumbrat. Apices minimè intumeſcentes, fed, ut in F. ferrato, compreffi exhibentur. No- tum tamen omnibus eſt F. ſpiralis fru&üs contra&ione frondis ab apice quafi feparari, binofque in fingulis apici- bus, ternofve (ut ait re&è MORISONUs,) ibi efformari. Omiffis ergo ambobus. Speciem hanc, cum SHERAR- di ſpecimine ex omni parte congruentem et ex CORNUBIA ftatu recenti, ut in Icone exhibetur, tranfmiffam, fub nomine Botanici illius celeberrimi ævi poſterioris, fifto. Chara&er ſpecificus, necnon partium deſcriptio, ut fupra, unà cum icone magnitudinis naturalis fatis accuratè Speciem hanc ab affinibus ejus, ut fpero, diſcriminabit. Species plures coriaceas fub nomine F. veficulofi adhuc latere mihi perfuafiflimum eſt. Hab. Pridmouth Bay, juxta Fowey in Cornubia. VAR. a. SPECIMINA fronde anguſta lineari, una cum fpecie mox deſcriptâ ex Cornubià miffa funt. Altitudo et ramifi- catio fimiles. Iconem omitto : ſpecimen tamen in Tab. x111, figurâ 2, notatum libet delineare : annon ſpecies diftin&a fit, vel junior Planta, neſcio; quanquam nebulas in furcis, granulorum, ut fufpicor, rudimenta, obſervavi. Ex deſcriptione D. Lightroot, hîc potius referendus eft F. diſtichus Fl. Scot. quam F. ceranoidi. Hab. juxta Fower in CORNUBIA. СО2 F U C US SHERARDI. cu FUCUS. fron ! dichotomous, leathery, punctured, midribbed ; leaves ſhortiſh, crowded at top; fructification in the ſummits of the leaves, not ſwelling into diſtinct fruit veſſels. (No Plate.) ROOT an expanded difc. BRANCHES dichotomous, quite naked below. LEAVES forming tufts at top; either obtuſe or forked; edges undulated. FRUCTIFICATION analogous to that of F. veſiculofus; but not forming a ſeparate Fruit. OBSERVATIONS . Having long fuſpected the exiſtence of a Species differing effentially from F.fpiralis, though hitherto con- founded with it, I infpe&ed with this view the Herbaria of SHERARD and Borart at the Phyfic Garden, Ox- ford, having experienced the greateſt attention in this reſearch from the preſent learned Profeſſor of Botany, Dr. WILLIAMS. I accordingly met with one exaâly agreeing with a ſpecimen from Cornwall, which is repreſented in the annexed Plate. Its Title in the hand-writing of Mr. Sherard is "F. feu Quercus marina lati- folia, humilis fine veſiculis." Ray has introduced this as one of the varieties of Alga latifolia vulg, the F. veſiculo- fus of later writers, taking no notice of air-bladders as a ſpecific chara&er. The varieties of this Futus, his Edi- tor [ 74 ] tor in a note ſays (Syn. p. 41.) are not to be enumerated." Morison omits this Synonym, but enumerates 3 fpe- cies, humiles, or palmares, of humble growth, (Hift. Ox. p. 647. No. 10, 11, 12.). The firſt, though referred to by Lightfoot and Meſſrs. Goodenough and Woodward, as F. fpiralis, feems to be different from it in the drawing, t. 8. f. 10. and much more ſo in the deſcription; as F. Spiralis is certainly more than a "hand's breadth in height." I ſhould imagine it was intended to deſcribe a near affinity of the two following, No. 11, 12, which in my opinion are only different ſtates of F.canaliculatus; No. 11. inflated at the tips previous to fru&ification, No. 12-in fruit. My opinion of the impropriety of confounding ſo many Plants eſſentially differing in habit and fru&tification un- der one common ſpecies is hinted in the preceding article, and was before under F. veſiculofus, p. 3. 12. A more accurate inveſtigation under the microſcope will furniſh ſpecific diſtinctions. I entertain no doubt, on com- paring it with my ſpecimens, that Sherard's Plant was ſent from Cornwall. Being thus feparated as a new ſpecies, I have named it in honour of that eminent Botaniſt, in whoſe collection the original Specimen has been handed down to us. VAR. a. I here notice a narrow-leaved Variety with the fru&tification confined to the little forked tips. Its frond is of an equal breadth, not exceeding one-eighth of an inch: the height fimilar to the Plant above deſcribed. I have giv- en no engraving of this Var. but in its place I inſert a ſmall Specimen, fig. 2. which is either this Plant in a junior or dwarf ſtate, or a different Species, as fructification ſeemed to be incipient at b. May not this be F.diſtichus of Lightfoot Hab. near FowEY, CORNWALL. iuibமிய · Gmelin enlarges ſtill further this Species, including in it F. Spiralis of Ray. The Drawing, t. 8. f. 10. has not the flighteft fpiral habit, F U CU S PINASTROIDES. . ал. А яна 2 2. UU FUCUS. fronde tereti, ramofiffimâ ; ramis densè imbricatis ; ramulis brevibus, obtufis, fursùm tendentibus ; fimplicibus, vel furcatis. Herb. Buddle. p. 18. 3. p. 19. 4.-R. Syn. ons bois dirbimbo p. 50. n. 46—Gmel . p. 127.-L. Tr. v. 3. p. 222. anas on Garsonne non is. Herb. Buddle. p. 18. 3. p. 19. 4.–R. Syn. RADIX fibroſa, faxis agglutinata. CAULIS lignofus, validus. RAMI irregulares, ex omni parte. Asta RAMULI incurvi, breviffimi, quanquam inæqualis longitudinis; fimplices, vel ramoli; apicibus obtufis, 10 golonu apertis, vel fractis. ogoh XOITARIOUS FRUCTIFICATIO-in quibuſdam veſiculæ fummâ parte convolutæ; feminum ſerie intus fimplici vel binâ; in moodsid pood mod aliis, racemi globulorum. lo sonli od bolo to ay balo da wir die driw boblat oba OBSERVATIONES. que o bon Species hæc ubique ferè in littoribus noftris occurrit. “Pinus maritima vel F. teres" a Rajo nuncupatur, unde nomen Pinaſtroides fumptum. Structura interna feptis ad intervalla diſtinguitur: tubulus quoque capillaris doo ; "Globuli felliles, vel pedunculati" ait D. Gmel. forſan veſiculæ fupradi&tæ, ut ftatu ficco apparent ; aliàs trimorpha fit fru&ificatio. in Pl: XM F. Sherardi 1 Preface P. XXX F Sernatur natrie U C F. Coranoidas Com မှာ dd. Prastroida Var.B. d. > F. Hypoglofovide F Pirastroed IC Var. a. hh. 1 Puh. le ay 25 ii. Uhake Placeratus Falates mag? lips ولا او f 서 ​magi maga pr of Van B. I alatus I alatus X Vana Vany F. alaturand IS doo [ 75 ] in centro caulis et ramulorum extenditur ; cortice tamen opaco obvoluta hæcce oculos planè fugiunt. Quocirca a Botanicis formâ externâ indu&is Species hæc, utpote et F. diffufus, et F. Lycopodioides, inter Fucos recenfetur Habitum Fuci hujus, prout ab Hudsono deſcribitur u foliis fc. fecundis" negat fe unquam vidiffe D. Gaza LIN: ſemina tamen vel globulos creberrimos in fpecimine fuo defcribit, adeo ut neceſſe eſt varietates duas con- ftituere. VAR. . Pinaſtroides---fronde denfiffimè obvolutâ ramulis ſetaceis, breviffimis, ex omni parte: apicibus Pi- ni in modum obtufis. VAR. B. Incurvus-fubtùs, fronde veſtitâ ramulis undique, rariùs tamen: fuprà, ramulis duplici ordine fecun- dis, et forficis in modum curvatis. 2 • Habitam male exprimit Gmelini Icon ; verba tamen fatis aptè defcribunt imbricationem Pinique habitum frequenter a me in Devonià vifum. ... SEA YI N E. PL. XII. FUCUS. frond cylindrical, much branched : principal branches cloſely tiled with ſhort crooked {pinous ſhoots ; fimple or forked; obtuſe, or broken at the tips ; pointing upwards. (PLATE. Gmel. t. 11. f. 1.) ROOT fibrous, matted, agglutinated. STEM woody, cylindrical. BRANCHES irregular, on every ſide of the fiem. TILING BRANCHLETS crooked; ſhort, but unequally fo; fimple or branched; with blunted, open tips. FRUCTIFICATION. Either in catkin-ſhaped veſſels, rolled in at the tips with a ſingle or double row of im- bedded feeds :* or in ſome inſtances exhibiting a raceme, or ſhort branched tuft of granules. OBSERVATIONS. I have arranged this Species as a Fucus on the authority of Ray, Gmelin, and Hudſon, and latterly of Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward, though with ſtrong marks of doubt. The upper parts exhibit, when held to the light, internal ſepta; but in the lower branches and ſtem the thick- neſs and opacity of the ſkin excludes the fight. On examining, however, a tranſverſe flice under the microf- cope, and paring off the ſkin of the ſtem longitudinally on each ſide, I have diſcovered that there is a capillary tube running through the centre of both ſtem and branches; a ftru&ure which is ſufficient in my opinion to corr- fitute an intermediate Genus. On confidering Gmelin's deſcription, and comparing it with that of Mr. Hudſon, and likewiſe from my own a&ual obſervation, I ſhall divide the Species into two Varieties, viz. VAR.a. Pinaſtroides. frond thickly tiled, and ſcabrous; with the ſummits of the ſhoots blunted like thoſe of the Pine-Genus, VAR. B. Incurvus. frond not ſo thickly tiled at bottom: upper branches producing two rows of ſhoots on the inner fides, with the tips forcipated. • See Pl. xm, bo magnified fammit: c. a catkin-ſhaped feed velfel of this tip more highly magnified, with the two imbedded rows of gra- nutes. d. a fummit of Var., with the rolled up catkins as ſeen under a microſcope by me, December, 1800, in a Specimen recent from Bognor Rocks, Sce Pl. st., See Fl. 1.C. Pl. la Pl. xunt, both varieties are delineated. Y This [ 76 ] This Species abounds on our ſhores; its height is about 6 inches; colour purpliſh, inclining to black. The ex- traordinary circumſtance reſpecting Fru&ification deſcribed above, and actually ſeen by me, as I have delineated it, cannot fail to elucidate at ſome future time the theory of fru&ification of Marine Plants. There are fimilar Anomalies obſervable in F. coccineus, F. diffufus, and ſome others. Hab. on the S. W. Coaſt moft plentiful. • See Pl. xin, b, c, d, f. ff. of See Obfervations on this ſubject in the Preface. FUCUS HYPOGLOSSOIDES. TAB. XIII. FUCUS. caule ramoſo, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, alatis, planis, integerrimis, reticulatis ; nervo prolifero. A&t. Linn. v. 3. 115. RADIX, callus minutus plures emittens caules. CAULIS ramofus : ramis fubalternis. buona foi mbiw FOLIA numeroſiſſima, pedunculata, anguftiffima, tenerrima. FRUCTIFICATIO : granula in ſuperficie foliorum in maculis oblongis * diſpoſita, OBSERVATIONES. Fucı hujuſce, utpote Speciei diſtinctæ a me in CornUBIA reperta, A&. Linn. 3. 115. mentio fit. Fruci- ficationem duplicem F.hypogloſſi, plantulæ huic noftræ affinis, accuratè defcripferunt D. D. GOODENOUCH et WOODWARD : in quibuſdam ſc. “ tubercula parva ruberrima, in ipsâ coſtâ fita :" in aliis, "granula minutiffi- 6 ma, rubra, in membranis ad utrumque coftæ latus ordinatìm diſpofita.” Hifce inductus, D. SOLAN- 2013 per in M. St. in Bibliothecâ Bankſianâ depoſito ſpecies duas olim conſtituit; “ fi non fint reputanda, (ut ipfe ibi innuit) pro mari et fæminâ ejufdem fpeciei." In re tam difficili maxima adhibenda eſt cautio et pleniore opus eft inveſtigatione, præfertim cum in allis ſpeciebus fructificationem duplicem, vel dimorpham obſervavimus. Iti- dem, fi verum eft fpecimina tuberculata et pun&ata in littoribus a ſe remotis reperiri proculdubio Species reve- rà diftin&tæ funt. bolo hodius danga Frons Speciei ſuprà deſcriptæ F. hypogloſſo totis partibus minor eft : latitudo folioli vix feſquilinearis: ramuli confertiffimi et fine ordine. Color, haud ut in F. hypogloſſo lætè ruber, fed pallidè rofaceus, et in plurimis ſpecimi- nibus apices lutei, vel luteo-virides cernuntur. Textura frondis, fi microſcopium adhibeas, eleganter reticulata." Hab. Litt. Occident. Angl. boy to add to och socials Forſan ex pericarpio diſrupto fed nimis regulariter videntur difpofita. ad dogondogter oder Vide quæ notavi in F. pinaſtroidi fupra. « AA. Linn. 3. 116. * Vid. Tab, xmu. g. Texturæ frondis F. hypogloſſi, Aa. Linn. nulla fit mentio : adcoque, ut minimè credibile eft in frondis inveſtigati- one refpe&u fru&ificationis, reticulationem iftam inobfervatam fuiffe, fpecies duas faltem ftatuendas neceffe eft. tribaldo FUCUS HYPOGLOSSOIDES. PL. XIII, FUCUS. ftem branching ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ſmooth, entire-edged ; texture reticulated; midrib producing leafits. (No Plate.) ROOT Dela poesia day for . Capo am inak mina [ 77. ] ROOT a minute knob, producing numerous ſhoots. STEM branching: branches fub-alternate, LEAVES very numerous, pedunculated, very narrow, and tender. FRUCTIFICATION-granules diſpoſed in oblong patches of a regular form. OBSERVATIONS I HERE introduce the minute delicate Species announced as a recent diſcovery of mine by Meſſrs. Goodz Nouch and WooDWARD." It is much ſmaller, and the leaves are narrower than thoſe of F. hypogloffum: the form of the leaves likewiſe is more oblong, and its colour much paler: but the principal ſpecific diſtinction is its beautifully reticulated frond. This we may fafely conclude is peculiar to it, as under the examinations of the frond of F. hypogloſſum to dete& its mode of fru&ification, which muſt have taken place with the affiftance of a microſcope, this fingular ftru&ure would not have remained unnoticed. Meſſrs. Goodenough and Woodward deferibe a dimorphous fru&ification in F. hypogloſſum. firſt noticed in a M. S. of Dr. SOLANDER'S, accompany- ing ſome Specimens in the Bankfian Library, which the Dr. ſeems to think Diæceous. Many recent inſtances of a ſimilar nature will be found deſcribed and delineated in this work, together with ſome obfervations made on this curious fubje&t, which merits further inveſtigation. This double fru&ification has not however occurred to me in this Species. It is a common Paraſitical plant on the ſtems and tips of other Fuci in the Weſt of England and at Poole and the Iſle of Wight, and grows in thick matted cluſters, very delicate and tender. The tips often variegated with greeniſh yellow. The ſtems and older branches grow opaque, and are of a dull brown. Hab. S. W. Coaſt, from I. of Wight to Land's-End. * Mr. Woodward in a Letter ſuppoſed that the patches might ariſe from the exploſion of a pericarp, but they are I think too regularly pize- cd. See Pl. XII. S. Linn. Tr. 3. p. 115. See Linn. Tr. 3. 114. . See F. pinaftroides, and Preface. FUCUS LACERATUS. TAB. XII. FUCUS. fronde tenui, tenerrimâ, diaphanâ, aveniâ ; ramis fublinearibus, undulatis ; apicibus obtufis, irregulariter furcatis. RADIX, callus minutiffimus. CAULIS, o, vel breviffimus. RAMI feſe dilatantes, dein lineares; margines plani, vel foliolis pedunculatis inftru&i. FRUCTIFICATIO; tubercula propè margines, vel in foliolis. OBSERVATIONES. F. Laciniati varietatem . Aa. Linn. a Synonymis ejus feparo. Ex perbrevi apud D. Hudson F. laciniati deſcriptione, herbario ejus combufto, dubium elt an Species illa eadem fit ac fupra defcripta. Certum eft ta men F. criſpatum ejufdem Au&oris diverfum effe. Verbis aptiffimis Speciem in occidentali Angliæ parte folum- modò repertam fub nomine F. crifpati in ed. 2då. deſcribit D. Hudson. Margines totius frondis non ciliis aut * Ex voce dilatati" in ch, fpecif. Hudſoni fufpicor F. laciniatum habitu ramificationis a F. crifpate minimè differre, fed folummodo margine lævi, vel crifpato, et fructurà frendis, foliolis [ 78 ] foliolis ftipitatis, inſtru&ti, fed regulariter admodum fimbriati et corrugati ; etfi quò planius appareat marginis pul- chritudo, microſcopio opus fit. F. endiviæfolius Lightfoot. cujus exemplar penes me eſt, non nifi habitu ramificationis a noſtro differt. Icon a ſpecimine Dui. Turner delineata, partiumque, ut fuprà, defcriptio Speciem hanc difcriminabunt. Magnitudo frondis variat paullulùm; media in tabulâ repreſentatur; color dilutè purpureus, non faturè ruber, ut in F.criſ- pato. Hab. in orientali Angliæ littore. • Vid. marg. F. caifpati auctam, Tab. xv. • Frondis habitus multò magis dilatatus quam in F. lacerato; apices quoque convoluti, non criſpati. ... --- LACERATED F U CU S. PL. XIII. FUCUS. frond thin, flender, pellucid, without veins; branches fublinear, undulated; fummits obtuſe, irregularly forked. F. Lacerat, var B. Linn. Tr. 3. 155. (No Plate.) ROOT, a minute callous Knob. bebas STEM, 0; or very ſhort. BRANCHES dilated near the baſe, afterwards linear; margins plain, or garniſhed with pedunculated leafits. FRUCTIFICATION. Tubercles near the margin, or in the leafits. OBSERVATIONS. h cauſe the detrudion Mess". Goodenough and Woodward unite F. criſpatus and laciniatus, Hudſ. F. endivicfolius, Lightf. and F. laceratus, Gmel. under one Species. “ This has not been done," they ſay, “ without repeated exami- « nations of their ſeveral properties." It is difficult to decide on ſpecific charaĉters in any ſituation where recent Species do not abound, as is the caſe near the Sea-ſhore. So many experiments of paring off the external coats, cutting of flices, &c. which cauſe the deſtruction of ſpecimens, muſt be repeatedly tried, that in no other fitu- ation can it be poſſible to aſcertain with preciſion the nice points of diſcrimination between kindred plants. I have for ſeveral years cautiouſly attended to the beautifully fringed Fucus, which abounds in the Weſtern part of Cornwall, which I have no doubt, as his Specimens are not in exiſtence to ſettle the diſpute, was the F.criſpa- cido tus of Hudſon, 2d. edit. and collected on the ſpot where I find it abounds. That younger Specimens of this Fucus, with plain margins, may not have furniſhed him with the Species which he denominates F. laciniatus in his ift. edit. and continues in his ſecond, I will not aver. The beautifully godrooned edge, which will bear examination under a microſcope, does not come out in the early ſtages of the plant, but there ſeein ſo many ſpor- tive forms of this species and its affinities on every coaſt, that we may hereafter expe&t to ſee them ſeparated in- to diſtin&t Species. Internal ſtructure, as I ſhall deſcribe under F. criſpatus clearly ſeparates that ſpecies from the one under deſcription. F.endiviæfolius, Lightf. in texture reſembles our Plant, but it has a much more widely expanded ramification. I have a ſpecimen, which I may delineate for the Appendix, leaving future Bota- niſts to ſettle whether it ſhould be a Species, or Variety. The Specimen delineated Pl. x111, is of a Plant about the middle fize ; the colour, pale purple. Bu Hab. N. E. Coaſt. dotb.ebanon • F. laceratus, Gmel. t. 21. f. 4. is a trailing ſpecies: the edges are repreſented with ſmall irregular ftellated appendages, much longer than any I have ſeen, and giving no idea of the beauty and regularity of the edges of F. crifpatus. It appears to be a foreign ſpecimen, though, as the E. Indies and the Town of Harwich are united in the Habitat of Gmel. p. 179, this fa&t cannot be aſcertained. Mounts-bay, Cornwall, F. criſpatus is figured, Pl. xv. FUCUS [79] F U CU S ALATUS. TAB. X111. FUCUS. fronde fubdichotomâ, membranacea, tenerrimâ, anguftâ ; nervo intermedio; ramulis decurrentibus. Buddl. p. 12. n. 2. 6.-Petiv. p. 25. n. 4.--Gmel. 187.-R. Syn. 44 n. 20.--Mantiff. 135.- Hudf. 587.-Light. 951.-With. 4. 95.-L. Tr. 3. 142.- Eſp. I. p. 20. RADIX, callus minutus. CAULES plurimi ex câdem radice, compreffi, infrà nudi. RAMULI diſtichi, alterni; apicibus acutis, vel furcatis. FRUCTIFICATIO trimorpha; tubercula parva feffilia ad ramos; veficulæ obovatæ axillares, feminiferæ; con- geries granulorum ordinatim difpofitæ in apicibus furcatis. OBSERVATIONES. PERELEGANS textura Fuci hujus, et color ameniffimè rofaceus eſt, quanquam fæpiffimè viridi et flavo in eà. dem plantâ variegatus fit, et nervus quandoque, alis albefcentibus, ruber evadit. Frons tota in plano ramoſa eſt. Margines membranæ undulati. Latitudine ramulorum multùm variat, fi modo fint varietates. Tria Specimina a fe invicem multùm difcrepantia delineavit D. Gmelin. t. 25. tria etiam ex herbario noftro in tab. xill, fifto. Fru&ificatio, ut fuprà, modo quidam prorsùs fingulari, ut in Piræmio obfervavi. Varietates duas, ut ipfe ait, F. alati nuperrimè ftatuit D. Esper, tab. 3. quarum fig. 1*** E. dentato affinior multo eſt quam F. alato, fig. 3, ha- bitu frondis et fru&ificatione nihil cum F.alato commune habet. F. alatum apud exteros rariffimè inveniri fufpi- cor. D. Gmelin ait in Cornubia frequentiffimum effe. Hab. in CORNUBIA frequentiffimè. • Vid. Tab. 111. g, h, hh, i, ii. Fig. 1. tab. XXV. Gmel. malè repreſentat habitum F. alati reſpectu ramificationis, et craffitudinis ramorum, membranæque lateralis per totam frondem protenfæ. Fig. 2, var. latifollam fatis benè exprimit. Fig. 3. var. filiformem (non juniorem Plantam) refpectu tenuitatis rams- lorum accuratè exhibet, non tamen reſpectu ramificationis. WINGED FU CU S. PL. XIII. FUCUS, frond membranaceous, fubdichotomous, tender, narrow; with a midrib pervading the membrane, and decurrent branches. PLATES Gmel. 25. 1, 2, 3.-Fl. Dan. 352.-EP.2.3 ? ROOT, a minute callous knob. STEMS, many from the fame root, compreſſed, naked below. BRANCHES, diſtichous, alternate, with the ſummits various ; plain, forked, or leafy. FRUCTIFICATION, of different kinds: feffile tubercles adhering to the lower branches; axillary, obovate, pedunculate fruit veffels with feeds immerſed; granules in rows in the fummits. OBSERVATIONS. This minute Species, for delicacy of texture and brilliancy of tint, conſtitutes one of the principal ornaments of our Sea-ſhore; and, if we may believe Profeſſor Gmelin, it is almoſt excluſively found on the Cornwall z Coaft. Delpensie alata [80] Coaſt. It is of various breadths, from a quarter of an inch to that of a coarſe thread; though even in the lat- ter caſe, it has a proportional membrane on each fide of the branch. The membrane is waved at the edges. Its neareſt affinity is F. hypogloſſum, a ſpecies which like this varies much in breadth : but the margin of that Species is plain, and it always ſends off leafits from the nerve in the middle of the leaf. The decurrent habit of the branches is the conſequence of the lateral membrane, and is not peculiar to this Species. Gmelin has given three figures of different ages, as he ſays; but they are varieties, if not ſpecies. Fig. 1. Pl. 25, gives no idea of its ſlender branches, and of the membrane, which pervades the whole frond, either lacerat- ed, or entire: fig. 2, is a tolerable repreſentation of the broad-leaved varieties : fig. 3, exhibits the very flender filiform habit of our narrow-leaved varieties, excepting in the upper parts, but affords no idea of its mode of growth. Nor does the Profeffor, either in his deſcription, or by a marginal reprefentation of a ſmall bit, eſtabliflı the curious fa&t, that theſe branches of the breadth of ſmall packthread, exhibit the perfect appearance of a mid- rib and two lateral membranes. Profeſſor Esper has very lately figured what he calls F. alatus, in two Specimens : fig. 1. A ſpecies more nearly related to F. dentatus than to F. alatus : fig. 2. ſomething reſembling our wide-leaved var. but differing in its mode of growth and fructification. This Publication convinces me, that the genuine F. alatus is confined to this Ifland, and probably to the Weſtern part of it. No habitat is given in Linn. Tr. v. 3. 14.See Pl. X111. k. • See Pl. x111, k. d For the threefold fru&ification mentioned in the detailed deſcription above, fee Pl. min. g, h, i. FUCUS FIBROSUS. TAB. XIV. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, ramofiflimâ : ramis primariis fubdiſtichis: veſiculis innatis, ovatis, concatenatis ; inferioribus majoribus. Budd. p. 18. n. 4, 5.--Petiv. 40. 5.-Moriſ. 646.-R. Syn. 49. 45.-With. 4. 87.-L. Tr. 3. 137. F. abrotanoides-Gmel. 89, 90.-Eſper. 67. COM RADIX; callus, ftatu recenti fub-fpongioſus, mollis. CAULIS, ligneus, nodofus, folidus. RAMI irregulares, fursùm attenuati. VESICULÆ aëriferæ, ramulis innatæ, folitariæ; vel binæ, treſve, ordine moniliformi. FRUCTIFICATIO. Veficulæ mucofæ, feminifera, in apicibus ramulorum; papillis perforatis extùs. OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc, ſcopulorum perfundiorum incola, haud rarò altitudinis tripedalis reperitur, etſi in ftatû juniori pufilla fit et planè fetacea; unde a D. Hudson in ed. 2då. ut Species diftin&ta fub nomine F. ſetacei enumera- tur. Apprimè tamen Botanicis cavendum videtur ne in errores incidant fi fortè fpecimina fterilia, aut ftatû junio ri, fructificatione nondum incipiente, in manus inciderint. Bulla aëriæ fupradi&tæ juxta baſes ramulorum quafi concatenatæ nafcuntur, idque folummodò in adults: fuperficies earum glaberrima et nitens ; ftru&ura interna, ut in F. nodofo, &c. Notandum eſt deſcriptionem in Hift. Ox. Fuci hujus “ ramulis tenuitatem Abrotani maris * Fl. Angl. 575 In junioribus plantis veficula aëriæ defiderantur. æmulantibus, PZ177 F.Crtonopifolius Filtros Y 7 5. Fastigialue 99 FAbrolanifeline & Barbatus PA Frediabes tu Fampibus Pamphibias w ㄴ ​y [ 81 ] 4 xmulantibus, et veſiculis lentis magnitudine" minimè plantulæ noftræ convenire, ut ex icone liquet. Juxta balin caulis in adultis, et per totam frondem in junioribus plantis folia lincaria nervo longitudinali cemere ef. Unde libet conjicere ramulos per totam frondem maturâ ætate in fefe convolutos formam cylindricam fumere. Veſiculorum magnitudo necnon totius plantæ, ut in occidentali Angliæ parte reperitur, chara&erem diftin&i- vum exhibet, quò a ceteris facillimè dignoſcatur. Hab. in occidentali Angliæ parte, . Idem evenit in F. tamarifofolio, abrotanifolio, Bc. ſed maximè omnium in F. difcordi. F. baccatus, Gmel. p. 89, in Aa. Linn. Speciei hujus fynonymus eft : accuratiore tamen indagatione ab illuft. SCANDAL qui fortè poft procellam copiam ejus fatis largam propè Dieppe in NORMANDIA invenit, Gorgonia potiùs quam Fuco annumerandus videtur. Icon Speciminis Schmideliani apud D. Esper tab. 54 repreſentatur unà cum integumento fubtùs carnoſo necnon ftirpe durà et corneå Gorgoniis propriâ Icon Gmelini fecundum SCHMIDEL ramum breviffimum exhibet ; quum naturalis Plantæ magnitudo 4 vel 5-pedalis fit. FIBROUS FUCUS. PL. xiv. FUCUS, frond thread-ſhaped, much branched; primary leaves fub-diſtichous; air-bladders innate, of an oval ſhape, ftrung on the branches, decreaſing in fize upwards. PLATES Morif. t. 8. f. 17.-Eſp. Ic. 29. 29 A. ROOT, a tough ſpongy callous bafis, when freſh from the fea. STEM woody, knotted, folid. BRANCHES irregular, branching upwards. دندان AIR-BLADDERS, ftrung on, like the beads of a necklace, two or three in a Forio fometimes folitary, FRUCTIFICATION: mucous veſſels with feeds in the inſide, and perforated, external papilla coming out in the tufts which crown the upper air-bladders, fimilar to that of F. ericoides." OBSERVATIONS Tus is one of the moſt beautiful of the larger Species of Fuci, on account of its clegant ramification, and its very confpicuous ſhining air-bladders which appear on every branch. The ftem and branches all taper upwards, and the latter gradually ſhorten towards the top, ſo as to form a pyramid. The bladders do not appear in younger plants: the Specimens at that period are either fraggling, and fetaceous, or very much huddled. In the former caſe, if indeed it is not a variety, it was miſtaken by Mr. Hudson for a diſtina fpecies, and arranged as F. feraceus. In the latter it might be miſtaken for F. feniculaceus. Meſſrs. GOODENOUCH and WOODWARD had obſerved linear leaves with a delicate midrib near the bottom of ſome Specimens: this I have found to be generally the caſe, and if the plant is held before a ſtrong light, it will appear that the cylindrical leaves on the relt of the plant are formed by the rolling in of the edges, many appearing in this fituation to be only imperfeâly rolled in; a fimilar obſervation may be made with reſpe&t to F. tamariſcifolius . and its affinities, and has been obſerved lately more remarkably to happen in E. difcers. • See Pl. xt. il. k, k. I once found a Specimen like this near WHITE BAW, PLYMOUTH, which puzzled me; a fome others gathered with it, more es panded, and with a few bladders appearing, ferred to clear up my doubts. & Linh Tin 7 # F. ericoides, L. Tr. 3. 130 The [82] The fructification has not been noticed by any Author. In the ſummer I believe it is rarely, if ever, met with. A Specimen brought me from St. Ives, February 19th, 1800, was the firſt I ever found in a fru&ified ſtate. The ſituation is in the tufted fummits which crown the uppermoſt air-bladders. The ſtem and baſes of the leaves ſwell into mucous veſicles containing the feed, and are furniſhed with exterior, perforated papillæ for, their dif- charge. Meſſrs. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD ſuppoſed F. baccatus, Gmel. to be a battered Species of F. fibrofus. It had to me ſomewhat of that appearance, though its habit ſtill appeared fingular and fui generis. However, fince the publication of that volume, the celebrated Botaniſt Profeffor SCHMIDEL met with large quantities of this marine Production caſt on the coaſt of Normandy. Profeſſor Esper has figured a Specimen, Pl. 54. From this Plate, and the Deſcription,' it proves to be a ſpecies of Gorgonia, which grows to the height of four or five feet. Esper's Plate fhews the fleſhy integument of that Genus. F. fibrofus is an inhabitant of deep, ſtill waters, and does not abound except towards the Weſtern extremity of this Iſland. Gmelin mentions the Engliſh Sea as one of its habitats : it is ſurpriſing that he did not delineate it. Profeſſor Esper confines it to the MEDITERRANEAN, and particularly the ADRIATIC Sea. Hab. See above. cobbol e See Pl. xiv. b. c. c. and compare Pl. xi. i;i. k, k. It is pleaſing to ſee fuch analogies in kindred ſpecies. f"Extùs ad notabile ſpatium caudex obductus cruftâ pilosâ, fufcâ, punctis in orbiculi formam: an igitur Spongiæ cujufdam primordium .. an alicujus Zoophyti ftru&ura eft ?"-Schm. It. Helv. et Germ. p. 78. F U CU S CORONOPIFOLIUS. Soboo TAB. XIV. FUCUS fronde fubcartilagineâ, compreſsâ, ramofiffimâ; ramulis obtufis, multifidis, incurva- tis; tuberculis, globofis, marginalibus. Herb. Buddle. 12. 1.---Petiv. 25. 3.---R. Syn. 45. 7. 23.-L. Tr. 3. 185. MORENO RADIX diſcoides, complanata. CAULIS compreffus ; nervo quafi intermedio. RAMI fine ordine, fursùm attenuati; ramulis ex utroque latere numeroffiſimis, breviſſimis, incurvatis. FRUCTIFICATIO; tubercula pedunculata, vel feffilia, inter ſpinulas molles, ramofas, in marginibus fita. bos que OBSERVATIONES. Fucus coronopi-facie RAIJ, inſpectis BUDDLEI et Petiveri herbariis, ut ſpecies diſtinca in Catalogo D.D. Goodenough et Woodward collocatur. F.cartilagineus Hudsoni forfan fynonymus ejus audit; in dubio tamen funt Auctores fupradiati (L. Tr. 3. 186.) fpeciminibus ejus igni combuſtis. Ramuli per totam frondem flexuoſi et incurvati, anguli etiam ramificationum obtufiufculi. Habitus Plantæ quodammodò affinis F. coccinei, ſed multis numeris major. Variat colore rubro, rofaceo, luteo, viridi, ut frequenter obſervavi in F. coccineo et maximè omnium in F. cartilagineo. In ſpecimine ex inſulâ Vecti extremitates congeſtas, utpote in Synopli Rais memorantur, modo fingulari et pulcherrimo obfervavi. Specimen perfe&iffimum olim mihi de Acton CASTLE poft procellam mandatum fuit : tres frondes, fi ita dicam, ex unâ bafi provenientes ad altitudinem ferè pedalem affurgebant. Color plantæ iftius minimè rofaceus, fed fulvus, qui tamen exficcatione in coccineum mutatus eſt. Hab. in occidentali Angliæ parte. • Tubercula aliquando pediculis infiftunt abſque ullo ſpinularum interventâ. . Vide quæ notavi de F. cartilaginco penes D. WITHERING in Præfatione. • Specimen mihi a D. De Luc monftratum. In finu MOUNTSBAX in CORNUBIA, FUCUS [ 83 ] FUCUS CORONOPIFOLIUS. PL. XIV. FUCUS. frond ſomewhat cartilaginous, compreſſed, much branched; branches, obtufe, mul tifid, curved; tubercles, orbicular, marginal, (No Plate.) ROOT diſcoid, flatted at bottom. STEM compreſſed, wide; with a thick prominence in the middle. BRANCHES without order, tapering upwards: branchlets very numerous and ſhort, curving upwards, FRUCTIFICATION, marginal tubercles, either feffile or pedunculate, fituated in a fringe of forked, branch ing, ſoft ſpinules. OBSERVATIONS, Tuz examination of Bupnun's and Periver's herbarin, where STEPHEN's original Specimen of the F.com ronopi facie of Ray is preſerved, has enabled Meffre. Goodenouar and WOONWARD to aſcertain this species, It is more than probable that Hudson's F. cartilagineus * was the ſame, though he has introduced a confuſion of fynonyms. Doubts, however, have been entertained about this faâ in the Linn. Tr. 3. 186. and I think they are ſomewhat ſtrengthened by Dr. WITHERING's Specimens, afferted by him to have been " gathered at the Ide of " Wight," and which are undoubtedly belonging to F. capenſis. The habit of this Species is ſomewhat reſembling F. coccineus, but the ſize is much larger : in many inſtances equalling that of the Cape Fucuss it is fubje&, like F. coccineus, and more particularly the Cape Fu- cus, to beautiful variegations. The ſtem and principal branches are elliptico-angular, with the middle part pro- jeling on each ſide ſharp, like a nerve. I once received from Acton Castle an entire plant after a ſtorm, which conſiſted of three principal ftems riſing from a common baſe to the height of nearly a foot. Its colour was yellowiſh brown, when freſh from the fea, or rather a forrel, but it dried to a pink colour. The fru&ification of this Species is fubje& to vary; in its luxuriant ſtate the margin is fringed with ſoft forked, branching ſpinules, among which the orbicular feed-bearing tubercles are intermixed like berries. It ſeems, however, at times to have fimple pedunculate tubercles on the margins. Theſe tubercles are almoſt black when ripe. Hab. s. w. Coalt, from I. of Wight to the Land's-END. • Dr. WITRexine has deſcribed this Plant under the name of F. cartilagineus from Specimens ſent from CORNWALL, but he has made CMELIN's F. capones a Synonym. See the detail of this falt under F. cartilagineus in the Preface, • Mellrs. Goodenough and Woodward from their deſcription of the fructification ſeem to have ſeen only battered, or at least imperfedly frue tified ſpecimens. F U CU S BARBATUS. TAB. XIV. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, flexuosa, ramofiflima; fru&ificatione obovatâ, fimplici vel congeſta, in fummitatibus ramulorum. L. Tr. 3. 128. F. funiculaceus. Gmel. 86.-Hudſ. 575. F. granulatus ? L. Tr. 3. 131.-Fl. Dan. 571. а 2A RADIX, [ 84 ) RADIX, callus expanſus ? CAULIS teres, fursùm attenuatus. RAMULI, teretes, flexuoſi; ex omni parte. FRUCTIFICATIO; veſiculæ ovatæ, "mucoſa feminiferæ; tuberculis externis; folio fubulato, terminali. OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc, Fucus fæniculaceus D. D. Gmelin et HUDSON, non tamen Linnet, rariſlimè in littoribus noftris projicitur. Frons ramofiffima, ramulis caulem undique cingentibus; fuperioribus brevioribus. Ramulos terminant veſiculæ mucofæ feminiferæ, tuberculis, vel papillis perforatis extùs. Veſiculæ hæ reverà ex tuberculis binis vel ternis in unum congeſtis conficiuntur, figuram nudo oculo ovatam formantibus. Ex apice veſiculæ pro- dit folium fimplex fubulatum. Notulis hifce a F. fibroſo, fæniculaceo, et abrotanifolio diſtinguitur. Errorem Ad. Linn. 3. 131. ineffe fufpicor, ubi F. granulatus, Linn. ut Species Anglica recenfetur. In fpeci- minibus a me obſervatis ramuli nonnulli tubercula remota, et quafi concatenata in folio fubulato, terminali gerunt. Hinc induéti, utpote et char. ſpec. Linnei “ veſiculæ innatæ ſed tamen remotæ" Speciem diſtinctam ftatuere D. D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD ; quum tamen in eodem fpecimine characteres hi reperiantur. In Herbario Linneano F.granulati* occurrit fpecimen fru&ificationc minimè congeſta, ct ovatâ (ut in F.bar- bato), fed tuberculis ejuſdem magnitudinis, contiguis, concatenatis, feptem vel o&o in codem ramulo, fpecies certè exotica. D. Profeſſor Esper quoque nuperrimè F. granulatum fibi a D. SCHMIEL a mari MEDITERRANEO miffum, tab. 61. icone donavit. Tubercula, in hoc fpecimine, ut ex defcriptione, et figurâ au&tà conſtat, in api- cibus ramulorum duplici ferie ex adverfo poſita cernuntur. Habitus etiam totius plantæ planè diverſus. Hab. in DEVONIA. • Si microſcopium adhibeas veficulis hifce feminiferis, bina vel tria tubercula congeſta vel connata ut in Tab. xiv. z. z. zz. zz. deteges. • Vid. Tab. XIV. a, a, aa. Ini • Granularis vocatur. # ESPERI deſcriptio verbis hiſce continetur " Die Blaſchen ſind einzeln aneinander gereyhet. p. 120. Sie ſtehen theils an ener Seite des ** Zweiges, theils dazwiſchen gewohnlich aber liegen fie in mehreren Reihen ubereinander. ib." FUCUS BARBATUS. PL. XIV. FUCUS. frond filiform, flexuoſe, much branched: fructification; ovate, terminal tubercles. PLATE. Gmel. t. 2. A. f. 2. ROOT, a callous knob ? : STEM cylindrical, tapering upwards. BRANCHES crooked, and waving; coming out on all fides of the ſtems. FRUCTIFICATION; mucoſe veſicles, huddled together in a fort of oval ſhape, with internal ſeeds and ex- ternal papilla, terminated with an awl-ſhaped leafit. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is rare, and has occafioned miſtakes among our Engliſh Botaniſts, who, after the example of Guz- LIN, have given it the trivial name of F. fæniculaceus, which appears by the Linnean Herbarium to be a very differ- * It has not been found as yet perfe&t, but it is conjeâured to be like its affinities in this reſpect. cnt [ 85 ) ent Species. The dete&tion of this error we owe to the great attention in the collation of Specimens of the Au- thors of the Diſſertation on Fuci, L. Tr. p. 135. Its habit and the terminal congeries of mucous ſeed-bearing tubercles, if viewed with a common eye-glaſs, will diſtinguiſh it from its affinities, and it likewiſe is much fmaller in its dimenſions. Its colour is olive, which dries black. On many branches of this Species you will obſerve one, ſometimes two ſmaller tubercles ſtrung on the ſubulate leaf : probably in ſome ſpecimens it may obtain pretty generally. Meſſrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD in- duced by this circumſtance, and likewiſe by an expreſſion in the Linnean ſpecific chara&er, have introduced F. granulatus as a Britiſh Species. Profeſſor Espen has however lately given an accurate reprefentation of a Speci- men of F.granulatus from the Bay of NAPLES, PL. 54, with a magnified twig which certainly is a diſtina Species, and of which I have ſeen a Specimen. Hab. DEVONSHIRE, and S. W. Coaſt. ► F.feniculatens, Linn.is F. concatenatus of Hudson, Licurroot, WITHERING, and Vetler: the latter has figured it, and ac- cording to the Plan adopted by me it will not be engraved. See Appendix. It differs from F. concatenatus, Linn. which is a Mediterranean Plant, and improperly referred to by Mr. HUDSON. . I incline to think there may be a variety of F. barbatus from the deſcriptions of HOUTTUYN, 293. n. 23. and Güssex. Fl. Norv. 2. 239. 1, 1071. Espan's F. granulatus from his Deſcription and Plate is certainly a dilina Species. This may be cleared up when more-Britith Specimens are diſcovered, or by communications from Northern Botanifts. * Mr. WOODWARD's own Specimens have the Summits as at a, a, Pl. XIV. FUCUS ABROTANIFOLIUS. . TAB. XIV. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, compreſsa, pinnatâ: ramulis extremis veliculofis ; foliolis è vertice veficularum, multipartitis, obtufis.--D. Lafling, Herb. Linn.-L. Sp. PL. 1629.--Huds, Flor. Ang. 575.-L. Tr. 3. 126. RADIX, diſcus explanatus? CAULIS cylindrico-compreffus, craflitie pennæ corvinæ, fursùm attenuatus. RAMI ſub-pinnati, vel fine ordine ; fuperiores breviores, RAMULI, multifidi, flexuoli, obtufi. FRUCTIFICATIO in veſiculis et apicibus-tubercula minuta feminifera? OBSERVATIONES. HERRARI Linneani poſſeſſioni ufufru&uariæ, fi ita dicam, necnon curis D.D. GOOD ENOUCRE WOODWARD debetur quòd Species hæc; præcedenti, adhuc rarior, in Catalogo Anglicano locum fuum obtineat. Specimen De Larrinc ibi conſervatum et CI. LINN.o ex ANCLIA miffum accuratè defcripferunt Auctores fupradi&i, L. Tr. 3. 126. Specimen illud nuperrimè examinavi, veniâ mihi liberalitèr admodùm a D™ SMITH.conceſsa, et deſcriptio- nem Aa. Linn. I.c. cum plantà ficcà collatam comprobavi. Specimen item penès D. WOODWARD, aliudque, fed id cursim, penès D. LAMBERT titulo Hudſoniano ſubſcriptum examinavi. Deſcriptioni Aa. Linn. 3.126. vix quidquam addendum videtur : icon certè defiderabatur; hanc ex fpecimine D WOODWARD magnitudinis natu- ralis in Tab. xiv, fifto. Maximè affinis videtur F. feniculacci, Linn. veſiculæ in utroque mucoſa potiùs quam aëriferæ; in poſteriore tamen in axillis, et in medio ramulorum concatenatæ cernuntur. Veſiculæ hæ quoque F. tamariſcifolii fimiles ſed mi- norcs, • Vid. Tab. xiv. A. . Ibi F. barbatus perperam nuncupatur. Frucificatio ( 86 ) Fru&ificatio fecundùm D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD, tuberculis minutis conficitur ; licet ex analogia • conjicere fas ſit, tubercula iſta folummodò papillas eſſe, ſeminaque intùs muco obvoluta generari. In fpecimini, bus tanti pretii minimè experiri licuit: viderint ergo Pofteri. Hab. in occidentali Angliæ parte rariffimè. e In F. fæniculaceo, Linn. et in F. diſcordi ſemina intùs fita funt, papillis conicis extùs. Vid. Tab. xiv. B, vy. FU CU S ABROTANIFOLIUS. PL. XIV. FUCUS. frond, thread-ſhaped, compreſſed, pinnate; bladders near the extremity of the branches terminating in a multipartite leaf, obtuſe, pointed. (No Plate.) ROOT, fuppofed to be a callous knob. STEM cylindrico-compreſſed of the thickneſs of a Crow-quill, tapering upwards. BRANCHES ſub-pinnate, or without order; decreaſing in length towards the fummit. BRANCHLETS multifid, flexuoſe, blunted at the tips. FRUCTIFICATION in the veſicles and on the terminating ſhoots---conſiſting of minute feminiferous tubercles.' OBSERVATIONS. We are indebted for the accurate knowledge of this species to the careful examination of the Linnean Herba- rium by Meſſrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD. The original Specimen of Lærling is there preſerved. I have lately, by favour of our excellent Preſident, examined the fame Specimen, and compared it with the def- cription in the Linnean Tranſactions. I have likewiſe examined the only exiſting Spécimens of this rare Species that I know of. Mr. WOODWARD kindly intruſted me with his, for the purpoſe of preſenting the Reader with the annexed delineation. No ſpecimen that I have ſeen has the callous baſe from whence it is ſuppoſed to grow. Mr. LAMBERT's ſpecimens, the remains of the late Mr. Hudson's Collection, which I ſaw three years ago in company with Mr. Turner, were in a very battered ſtate, and imperfeâly expanded. I think there can be no difficulty in diſcriminating this Species from its affinities, by attending to the ſpecific and detailed character as above, with the alliſtance of the engraved Repreſentation. Its neareſt affinity is F. fæniculaceus, Linn. The fru&ification is deſcribed in the L. Tr. from the dried Specimen. It could not be expe&ted that inveſtigation by ſoaking, and the application of the knife, would have been permitted in the caſe of ſo rare a Specimen, but from analogy I ſhould conclude that the finall external tubercles would prove to be papillæ ſhrunk up by drying, and that the feeds lay in maſſes involved in mucus within the ſkin. Hab. On the S. W. Coaft: the preciſe Spot is not mentioned. • See Pl. XIV. 8. 7. y. y. ► James Edward SMITH, M.D. Preſident of the Linnean Society, • See the Fru&ification magnified, B.774. tab. xiv. and compare the magnified Drawings of F.tamariſcifolius and F.fibrojus. N.B. I did not venture to macerate the Specimen. FUCUS AMPHIBIUS. TAB. XIV. FUCUS fronde filiformi, ramofifſimâ; ramis ſub-alternis ; ramulis capillaribus apice convolu- tis.-R. Syn. 38. --- Hudf. 471.-590.-With. 4. 116.-AA. Linn. 3. p. 227. F. fcorpioides. --Gmel. 135. RADIX [ 87 ] RADIX è fibrillis compoſita. CAULIS, filiformis, cartilagineus, ad bafin ramofus, RAMI capillares, implicati, apicibus convolutis. FRUCTIFICATIO in cirris terminalibus, qui matura ætate in racemum explicantur, fru&ibus acutis. OBSERVATIONES. HABITUM Fuci hujus fingularem exa&è exprimit Icon Raj SYNOPSEOS, t. 2. f.6. in parvo tamen, et cau- le, reſpe&u plantæ magnitudinis, craffiufculo. Satiùs tamen fore judicavi ſpecimen penes me contra inſtitutum meum, delineare de novo. In editione *** D" HUDSON, utpote in Hift. Fuc. DGMELIN, Species hæc no- mine fatis apto Scorpioides audit : nomen triviale « amphibius" a D. Hudson in ed. 2" et in Aa. Linn. 3, p. 227. inditum, quoniam in foffis mari vicinis, aquâ falsâ et dulci vicibus alteris repletis, proveneat. In Aa. Linn. varietates duæ recenſentur, var. a, Rajana, var. B, noftra ; neſcio tamen an ita fe res habet. Fru&ificatio a D. GMELIN, et in AA. Linn. defcribitur quaſi tuberculofa, et muco in apicibus cirrorum obvoluta ; accuratior tamen inveſtigatio a D" TURNER nuperrimè habita probavit apices iftos mucoſos, ætate evolvi, fruâu racemoſo, ovato, acuto, terminali, ut in icone repreſentatur, t. xv. z, z. F. fcorpioides, D. Esper, Speciem plane diverſam exhibet; fufpicor etiam ex deſcriptione F. Scorpioidem D. GMELIN minimè eundem ac F. Scor- pioidem noftraten elle. Hab. prope YARMOUTH. . Vid. Tab. xv. y, z, 27. Vid. Præf. Angl. AMPHIBIOUS FU CU S. PL, XIV. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, much branched; branches ſub-alternate ; branchlets capillary with their ſummits rolled in. PLAT. Ray, Syn. t. 2. f. 6. ROOT compoſed of ſmall fibres. STEM thread-ſhaped, cartilaginous, branching from the bottom. BRANCHES capillary, interwoven; with curled fummits. FRUCTIFICATION in the terminal rolls which when advancing to maturity become ſtrait, and exhibit a races eu me with oval ſharp-pointed fruit. OBSERVATIONS The Repreſentation of this Plant in RAY's Synopſis is accurate, but I ſuppoſe it to be reduced, as it is ſo much leſs than I ever ſaw it: Dr. GOODENOUGH and Mr. Woodward have however called it a Variety. At all ad- ventures I am induced to give a delineation of it from a Specimen furniſhed by my Friend Mr. D. Turner. Hudson's original name Scorpioides, taken from Profeſſor GMELIN is deſcriptive of its habit, and better in my opinion than F. amphibius, which appears in his a' Ed. and which has been copied in the L. Tr. 3. 227; a name given from its growing in ditches near the ſea, whoſe waters are alternately falt and freſh. Its habit of ramification diſtinguiſhes it from every other, and requires no farther detail. The fru&ification in its mature ftate has not been noticed. It has been lately ſent to me by Mr. Turner, and exhibits a Raceme as figured in the Plate xv. y, zzz, • In Linn. Tr. feminiferous tubercles are faid to be contained within the rolled fummits this is the ftate prior to the evolution of the raceme, and is extremely analogous to Scorpioides among Land Plants a B Profeffor [ 88 ] Profeffor Esper has lately figured F. Scorpioides, Pl. xxxIII. His n. 1, is an exa& repreſentation, as to habit, of Conferva polymorpha; but the detached Plant, n. 2. is different, and the magnified Repreſentation, n. 3, ſhews a ſort of Fru&ification, differing from any Species I have yet met with. Hab. S. E. Coaſt near YARMOUTH and Wisbech in Ditches. 23 и 0 Тео lot FUCUS FASTIGIATUS, Linn. TAB. XIV. OLUN Loptimalisatisiv bolub FUCUS, fronde fub-dichotomâ, ramofiffimâ; ramis faſtigiatis obtufis; tuberculis lateralibus apice complanatis. Moriſon. 649?—Petiver, 31. n. 4.-Linn. Tr. 3. 199. RADIX; callus minutus ftatim è baſi furculofus ; furculis ramofiffimis, radicantibus. CAULIS ad bafim furculis veſtitus, fuprà nudus; prælongus. olmasa RAMULI primò dichotomi, dein fine ordine; ad apices confertiffimi. FRUCTIFICATIO; tubercula ſub-conica, depreffa; verſus medium ranorum. load OBSERVATIONES. BOTANICORUM noftratium fecutus exemplum F. lumbricalem D Gmelin fub nomine F. Faſtigiati in pri- ore Faſciculo defcripfi, hactenus ineditâ Differtatione de Fucis D. D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD. Horum tamen au&oritate, infpetifque nuperrimè a me Herbarii Linneani ſpeciminibus, Speciem hanc fub nomine F. faftigiati, Linn. fifto. Etſi è callo minimo oriatur Fucus hic, caulis tamen ad bafim maximè omnium furculofus. Habitus Plantæ ad apices minimè dichotomus, fed irregularis , ramulique quam in affinibus tenuiores. De Mora- son I figuris n. 4 et 9. tab. 1x, vix auſim affirmare; variam F. lumbricalis ramificationem præ ſe ferre videntur. Ut ut fe res habet Specimina omnia F. lumbricalis, faftigiati, et radiati, penès me ad examen nuperrimè revoca- vi, et chara&eribus ex fru&ificatione fub mieroſcopio minimè ambiguis in fpecies plures ſeparavi. Hab. paffim dalla • Hudson, LICHTYOOT, and WITHE*1861 Vide notulam (deſcriptioni Angl. fubjundam. batus 2010 OUL be mad All los animal LOITA Tourt FUCUS FASTIGIATUS, Linn. PL. XIV. РИО І Т А Т А ПО FUCUS. frond ſub-dichotomous ; ' ſummits faſtigiated with blunt tips: tubercles lateral, ſcat- tered, flatted at top: PLAYΣ 5. Cated beside Moriſon, t. 9. f.9 ?-Flor. Dan. 393.-Eſper. Ic. t. xvi. Soldiers ROOT, a very ſmall knob immediately becoming covered with ſhoots. STEM, naked at bottom. liga BRANCHES at firſt inclining to dichotomy; then irregular; much crowded at top. FRUCTIFICATION: conical tubercles, flatted at top, ſituated low down or towards the middle of the Plant, • Linn. Tr. 3. 200, fays the ſummits are often trifid: in faa, the dichotomy is extremely irregular towards the tips, 2 or 3 branches often coming out on one fade. OBSER. [ 89 ) OBSERVATIONS. I DESCRIBED in a former Article, F. lumbricalis of Gmelin and Linn. Trans. under the trivial name of F. Faſtigiatus, following the example of our Englifh Authors, the Differtation above alluded to being then un. publiſhed. I here infert F. Jaſligiatus, as I obſerved it in the Linnean Herbarium, the figure, Pl. xiv, being tak en from a ſpecimen in my poſſeſſion. Its deſcription as above will ferve to diſcriminate it. Its ſtem and branches are finer than thoſe of any of its affinities. I have lately examined various ſpecimens in my poffeffion, by cutting tranſverſe feâions through the fummits, where the fru&ification appeared, and have diſcovered by means of the mi croſcope inconteſtible marks of diſcrimination fufficient to arrange feven Species. Theſe I have fubjoined in a note with references to the magnified Drawings of theſe tranſverſe feâions in Pl. xiv. Hab. not uncomtuon. P.IS Faſtigiatus and Furcellatus have been made different Species by Hudson and Licunroot, and Ver. a and by WoTHerine; though they are clearly the barren and fru&ifying fummits of the fame Fuous, . When I defcribed F. faftigiatus in a former Faſciculas, I delineated two ſpecimens under the idea of their being varieties. F. lumbricular, L. Tr, which is the lower figure of my Pl.vt, luas the fru&ification there repreſented in oblong decurrent veides, which is inaccurate, and have been occafioned by sniftaking Come indurated mucus for a feed-weld. Theſe oblong velices are however the ſpecific characteriſtie of my upper figure in the fame Plate, which is arranged below as n. 5. I have knce had opportunities of examining various fpecimens of this latter Plant which is frequent in Cornwall, and it certainly is a diftinct Species. The reſult of my examinations on the different Specimens in my polfefe fion is given in the fubjoined Lin. The method taken by me was by cutting acroſs with a fine inſtrument the fructified parts. Where the tuber- ele, or decurrent feed-veffet, is external, the feeds are feated without the frond; where the frutification is eeded by an ination of the fam mits, the feeds are within Seeds kidney-taped or curvilinear, often barred acroſs, * within the external cutide. 1. F. lumbricalis, frond dichotomous feeds in orbicular maffes, perforations invisible, but without any external papillæ. N.B. When mature, the fummits curve inwards. t. xiv. As he is %. F. furcatus, frond dichotomous foods naked, arranged in regular rows jult within the caticle ; no ville perforations. . xiv. n.o.. 3. F. faftigiatus of Gmel. frond dichotomour funnits ſwelling into a vehicle with farrows in the outer coat; fummit by decay diſcharge ing the feeds. N.B. In this fpecies the foods feem to be imbedded at the bottom of the Forrows. LICHTTOOR I think has deſcribed this species T. atv. , k, l, m, different appearances without the external cuticle. 4. F. radiatas. Erond dichotomous Seeds in echinated tubercles, either lateral or furrounding the items collected la oval males. XIV, 5. F. lateralis, frond dichotomoms feeds in ovat males, la fumooth longitudinal veſicles, with a ſmooth outward coat. . xiv. ,, 6. 7. fureelatus-Partigiatas, Linn. Tr. (the fubject of this artide) frond dichotomous *** feeds in the infede of fat conical tubercles.. XIV. Q.99. Tit. 7. 1. capitatas, fronde dichotomi. *** feeds in the inde of warty tuberdes, Stuated among the tufted branches of the fummits. Species I am not certain that theſe twbercles contain feed: they are found on the Dover Specimen of F. faftigiatus, no 3, which has likewife fratified FUCUS RADIATUS. TAB. XIV. FUCUS, fronde filiformi, dichotomâ ; ramis fub-æqualibus ; fummitatibus acuminatis; tubercu- lis feminiferis, verrucofis, fcabris; lateralibus, vel amplexicaulibus. Linn. Tr. 3.202, RADIX, callas expanſus, plures emittens furculos. CAULIS nudus, cylindricus, fubdiaphanus RAMULI dichotomi, intervallis æqualibus; angulis rotundiuſculis. FRUCTIFICATIO; verrucæ fubrotundæ purpurex, echinatæ, formam fru&tus mori in parvo exhibentes; for minibus in mallis ovalibus, formâ reniformi vel curvilinea. OBSER [ 90 ] OBSERVATIONES. . F. radiatum, auctoritate D. D. GoodENOUGH et WOODWARD, nec non ex fpeciminibus mihi è NORFOLCIA tranſmiffis, fifto. Speciem hanc accuratè admodum defcripfere viri doctiffimi, A&. Linn. 3. 202. Icon adhuc defiderabatur, nam de fummitate F.rotundi apud D. GMELIN, t. VI. f. 3. utpote Speciei hujus fynonymi, vix aufim affirmare. Fru&ificatione verrucosâ, ſcabrâ, capitulos Sphæriæ entimorrhizæ adumbrante . ab affinibus diſtinguitur. Tres folummodo enumeravere ſpecies D. D. GOODENOUGH et WOODWARD; characteribus ta. men a fru&ificatione fub microſcopio fumptis, feptem ftatuo. Hab. YARMOUTH et in Orientalis Angliæ littoribus. * A&. Linn. 3. 203. • Vid. notulam fuprà, F. faftigiato, Linn. Tr. fubjun&am. RADIATED FUCUS. PL. XIV. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, dichotomous; intervals between the angles of dichotomy nearly equal; fummits acuminated; tubercles rough and warty; either lateral, or embracing the ftem. (No Plate.) ROOT, an expanded callous Difc, ſending up ſeveral ſhoots. STEM, naked, cylindrical, femi-tranſparent. BRANCHES dichotomous, equal, forming roundiſh angles. FRUCTIFICATION: echinated warts with oblong maſſes of feeds, which are kidney-ſhaped, or ſlightly curvi- linear. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is ſaid by Meffrs. Goodenough and WOODWARD to be the F. rotundus of Gmelin, but the deſcription is not fufficiently detailed to eſtabliſh a ſpecific difference, and the ſmall ſummit, t. vi. f. 3, repre- ſents a ſmooth wart divided by a cleft. The fingular rough-headed echinated wart is ſufficient to diſtinguiſh it, added to the Diſc which ſpreads wider than its affinities. There are only three Species enumerated in the Linn. Tr. and I accordingly infert no more in the body of the Work; but my Obſervations under the microſcope au- thorize me to increaſe the number to ſeven including only thoſe on which I have made a&tual Experiments. Hab. on the Eaſtern Coaſt. * The Linn. Tr. quotes GMELIN'S Pl. v1. f. 3. but that is only a fummit, and the tubercle is double with a ſmooth ſkin ; and as the echinat- ed ſurface is always obſervable in F. radiatus, I do not admit this fynonym. See note on F. faftigiatus, containing a new and accurate, Ar- of the affinities of this Plant, which from ſhape of feed and other circumftances ſhould form a new Genus. rangement • The ſeeds are the ſame in F. lumbricalis, faſtigiatus, 83, 83c. See Pl. xiv. ,8. more € Esper has figured a very different Plant for the F. rotundus of GMELIN. & See Note under F.faſtigiattes Lion. m MEGA FUCUS CILIATUS. . TAB. xv. Bartolib bal FUCUS. fronde aveniâ, ramosâ, * marginibus ciliis, vel ligulis inftru&is ; radice fibrosâ. Herb. Buddle. 26. 4.---Petiv. 19. 2. 3.-R. Syn. 47. n. 33.-Gmel. 176 ? (ligulatus, 177. holo- ſetaceus, 178.) — Hudſ. 580.--Lightf. 934.-With. 4. 104. RADIX fibroſa. CAULIS fubrotundus, brevis. FRONS fimplex vel ramoſa, marginibus ligulis inæqualis longitudinis inftru&is ; grandioribus ciliatis. • Aa. Linn. 1. c. ita vocatur. Habitus autem frondis in Specimine primo, ligulatus eft potius quam ramofus, ut in Icone videre eft. FRUC PLIT F. Crispatia ce KE Kwa 2 FCeliabud F. dent summit magn? Celal FCliated mary VE Floend to natsiz FD inhala pued branch Funhala may བ། དཔའ་བར་འགྲངས་པ་ས་བཅས་དང་ F Cmfervidas Telmatoform [ 91 ) FRUCTIFICATIO dimorpha-tubercula fub-pedunculata, in apicibus ciliorum, vel fellilia in margin- granula minutiflima in cute nidulantia in maculis irregularibus diſpoſita. OBSERVATIONES. SPECIES tres D. GMELIN, F.ciliatus, ligulatus, holofetaceus, fub uno communi triviali nomine, Act. Linn. v. 3. 160, includuntur. Varietates duas ſtatuit D. LIGHTFOOT; re&iùs forfan D. WITHERING ſpecies totidem fc. F. holofetaceum et lanceolatum. Species hæc ftatu præfenti maximè omnium Proteiformis elt. Miror equidem Au&ores fupradi&os GMELINI ofcitantiam in F. ciliato deſcribendo minimè exprobaſle. Deſcriptio equidem claudicat infigniter, et quid fibi vult Au&or qui in fronte tituli Morison I chara&erem, p. 646. n. 10. pillis longis fimbriatum" oftendit, planè neſcio. Icon ejus t. xxi. f. 1. F. laciniatum adumbrat, prout obferva- runt D.D. LICHTFOOT et WITHERING. Varietates tres, grandifoliam, lanceolatam, et filifoliam levi immutatione (Var. prima enim F. ciliatum et holofetaceum, Aa. Linn, includit) iconibus feparatim donatas fiſto. fronde, ut fuprà, latitudinea quatuor umrcia umu attingit, ligulæque primariæ pari modo fefe am- pliantes molem fatis largam flruunt, fuperficie utrâque ciliis mollibus, codem modo ac fecundariarum margines, VAR... inftru&ta. Var... fronde ramosà; caule et ramis cylindricis fub-impreffis, foliis ex apicibus ramulorum lanceolatis, ciliatis. With. 4. 104. TAB. XV. Varietas hæcce in occidentali Anglia parte occurrit, et quidem copiofiffimè, fuperficie quoque in prove&iori- bus ciliata, fed præcipuè verſus unam frondis paginam. Color, ut in fuperiore, fature ruber vel olivaceus. Plan- ta Paraſitica ut plurimum ; magnitudo, ut in Icone repreſentatur. Var. y. ... fronde ramollifimâ cylindrico-compreſsâ ramulis extremis compreffis, ciliatis. TAB. xv. Juxta PADSTOW, CORNUBIA, verſus Boreale littus oppidum varietas hæc copiosè occurrit. Statu recenti frons ferè cylindrica eſt, et ciliis ad extremitates ramulorum obfita. Cumulatim creſcit. Stru&ura frondis in omnibus eadem, cuticula colorata glaberrima mucum album vafculofum operiens. Species certè edulis. Var.. ... fronde ramosâ, ramis lineari-lanceolatis, ciliis æqualibus rectangulis, pectinatis. F. Pilotus, Gunn et ESPER. TAB. xv. Specimen in Icone delineatum cum F. corneo, tab. xli, immixtum inveni. Hab. VAR. , paffim-%, %, in Occidentali ANGLIA parte-, POLKERRIS, Fowey, CORNUBIE. Vidduplicem fructificandi methodum t. xv, 2, b. Proculdubio plures fub eodem triviali nomine continentur fpecies, accuratiore fructifica tionis inveſtigatione feparandæ. Tubercula prout obſervavi in var. & fæpius occurrunt. Character hic fine dubio F. jubatum defignat. CILIATED FU CU S. PL. xv. FUCUS. frond ſmooth, veinleſs, branching into flat lacinic, or proceſſes; having the margins beſet with cilia, or ſmall foft fpines, often ſwelling into leaves which are likewiſe cili- ſmall fo ated. PLATES Gmel. t. XXI. f.2, 3.-Eſper. Icon. t.iv. ROOT fibrous. STEM fhort, cylindrico-compreſſed FROND, fimple, or divided; margins ciliated, and the furface likewiſe in aged fpecimens. FRUC [ 92 ] FRUCTIFICATION dimorphous ' -tubercles ſwelling out on the tips of the cilia, or nearly fellile on the edge-naked ſeeds very minute, of the colour of the frond, imbedded in irregular patches. OBSERVATIONS. I Follow the example of the reſpe&able Authors of the Diſſertation on Fuci, Linn. Tr. v. 3. in including ſeveral ſpecies of different Writers in one; not from convi&tion, but from inability as yet to diſcriminate them by Fru&ification. In the varieties I conſtitute, I deviate however, in a flight degree, from my Predeceſſors, and ad- mit none that are not ftri&ly ciliated. VaR... ... My firſt variety deſcribed above includes F. ciliatus and holofetaceus, Gmel. as the broad-leaved fort always at an advanced period, throws out more or fewer ſoft fpines from the ſurface. Its breadth and bulk is often conſiderable, as the marginal proceſſes fwell to emulate the ſize of the parent Frond, which are again ci- liated at the edges, and thoſe ſecondary cilia continue widening, and are ciliated likewiſe at the edge. Var. B. .. frond branched: ſtem and branches cylindrical ; the latter flattening and ſwelling into a lanceolate acute leaf with a ciliated edge. Pl. XV. This variety is very plentiful in the Weſt of England; it grows in thick cluſters, frequently as a Paraſite on the ſtems of larger Fuci. It is of the fize delineated, and is found either of the full red colour of the former broad-leaved kind, or of an olive brown. Var. y. ... frond very much branched; branches filiform, compreſſed, and ſlightly expanded towards the tip, furniſhed with very minute cilia. Pl. xv. This elegant variety, which nearly approaches F. corneus, Pl. XII, was ſent me by Mrs. Prideaux BRUNE of Place near Padstow, with many other curious fpecimens from the Bristol CHANNEL: I have not yet found Couillatot boy it in fructification. Var. d. ... frond branched : branches linear, acute : cilia of equal lengths ftanding regularly at right angles like the teeth of a comb. Pl. xv. This is the F. Ptilotus of Gunner and Esper. I found it mixed with my F. corneus. The ſubſtance of all theſe varieties is the ſame, varying only in a greater or leſs degree of ſucculency; the full lake colour of the frond tinges water frongly on maceration, in the ſame manner as F. edulis, and like it is eaten O TOMA bo ille by the Scots and Iriſh. Esper has figured F. ciliatus like F. laceratus of GMELIN, the fru&tified branch, n. 3, is unlike any thing I have ſeen, and has no analogy with this fpecies. He has likewiſe introduced F. cauleſcens as a Synonym, which is clearly a diſtin&t ſpecies. Hab. VAR. «, common-B, % W. of ENGLAND-, POLKERRIS, FOWEY, CORNWALL. * This is a fingular circumſtance, and evinces that there are Species nearly allied only diſcoverable by Fructification under the Microſcope. I have reprobated above the inaccuracy of GMELIN in his defeription of F. ciliatus and reference to a Specimen, Pl. XXI. f. 1. with a fria- ged or ſlightly crenated edge, which both Lightroor and WITHERING, notwithſtanding his reference, have referred to F.laciniatus. get a divollbona 900T TO Jill oni gorontaloni dioom bool 2009 storia F U CUS CUS CRISPATUS. TAB. xv. FUCUS. fronde fub-pellucida, glaberrimâ, nitente, aveniâ, laciniatâ; ſegmentis profunde, et irregularitèr incifis; angulis rotundis ; marginibus elegantèr criſpatis. Hudf. 580. F. laciniatus, VAR. 1. With. 4. 102.-F. laceratus, VAR. 2. Linn. Tr. 3. 155. • Frons A, Linn, et alibi ramofa vocatur. RADIX [ 93 ] RADIX, callus minutus. CAULIS 0, aut breviffimus, fub-compreffus. FRONS glaberrima, nitens, fubrigida; ftru&ura interna, è globulis pellucidiffimis; cuticula, ftatu recenti, ma culis diftin&a; margine elegantèr criſpato. FRUCTIFICATIO, congeries feminum in fubſtantia frondis nidulantium. Semina minutiffima, rubra, orbicu- laria. OBSERVATIONES. . F. criſpatum, D. HUDSON, cujus mentio fit fuprà, p. 77. (F. lacerati, D. Gmelin, in Actis LINNEANIS fynonymon,) Tab. xv, icone donavi. "Inveſtigatione fæpiùs repetità indu&i," ut aiunt, D.D. GOODENOUCH et WOODWARD, “Species plures inter fe affines in unum collegêre. Fru&ificatio eadem in omnibus; habitus Frondis diverfus." Refpe&u fru&ificationis F. criſpati tubercula nunquam vidi, quamvis juſto tempore, forfan, invenienda forent ; fed aliquando cuti adhærentes, fæpe in illå nedulantes, congeries folummodo ſeminum cernen- dæ funt. Stru&ura frondis interna, ut fupra deſcripfi, Speciem hanc a cæteris diſcriminabit. Frons ftatim è bafi dilatatur, et quaſi palmata fit, latitudine Plantæ altitudinem ejus exſuperante. Frondes plurimæ ex communi diſco minutiffimo proveniunt; ex ſegmentis etiam aliquando novi diſci fiunt. Portio frondis, recens è mari, Microſco- pio fubje&a fub Sole gemmis contiguis conftare videtur. Species hæc edulis eſt et tinâoria. Hab. in CORNURIA. • Vid. Tab. xv. 3. marginis portionem auctam. • Vid. Tab. xv. a. aa. · Vid. F, edulis deſcriptionem, p. 57.-8. FRINGED FU CU S. PL. xv. FUCUS. frond ſemi-tranſparent, very ſmooth and ſhining, veinleſs; laciniated : ſegments deep- ly and irregularly cut in; angles circular, margins elegantly fringed. (No Plate) ROOT, a minute callous knob. STEM, 0, or very ſhort. FROND, lacquered and ſhining; rather rigid in texture : its internal ftru&ure conſiſting of pellucid gem-like globules in conta with each other, as it appears when magnified--ſurface blotched; the edges fringed. FRUCTIFICATION.--Patches of very minute orbicular feeds imbedded in the ſurface near the margin. SUO OBSERVATIONS ni bilan Great confuſion has ariſen among our marine Botanifts in arranging fome nearly allied Species. The reſpec- rable Authors of the Diſſertation on Fuci, ſo often referred to, have included this Hudſonian Species with three others under F. laceratus of Gelin. They have evidently beſtowed great pains upon the fubje&, but unleſs a * I do not quote Gmet, t. **1. f. 43 as the Habit of his Plant differs much from ours, and the margin, unleſs the Engraver has been inaccurate, gives no idea of the beauty of the fringe of this Species. • Properly ſpeaking, Ulua and all membranaceous Plants have a ftem, but it is extremely short. profuſion ( 94 ) profuſion of Specimens are ſubmitted for examination, as I before obſerved, examinations into ſtructure and fru&ification will ever be incomplete. I cannot however aver that the Authors above-mentioned have examined the ſubject of this article, as this eſſentially differs from F. laciniatus in ſtructure. I have fully deſcribed this ele- gant Structure in the detailed Character. This Fucus is produced in conſiderable maſſes, many ſhoots proceed- ing from the ſame callous knob, and it frequently takes root from the contact of the ſegments on the rock. It {preads wide, as may be ſeen in the figure; its breadth often exceeding its height. I have deſcribed above its mode of fructification. From ſimilarity of habit, Meffrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD have decided that the Species of other Authors are only varieties; but I hope the deſcription and figures given by me of this Spe- cies and F. laceratus will juſtify me in keeping them diſtinct. Hab. MOUNTSBAY, CORNWALL, See p. 78. The frond of Uloa umbiculata, and lactuca appear compoſed internally of globules, when ſubmitted to a high magnifier in the fun. ma FU CU S ROSEUS. TAD TAB. xv. ht FUCUS. fronde cylindricâ, tenerâ, folidâ, fursùm attenuatâ, ſparsìm ramosâ: fructu laterali racemoſo. (Species nova.) RADIX callus, explanatus ? CAULIS longus, in medio intumeſcens, fursùm gracilis. RAMULI pauci, irregulares, fursùm attenuati. FRUCTIFICATIO, ut plurimum, in racemum congeſta, quandoque bi--vel ternatìm difpofita, pedunculata : fructus acutus.com OBSERVATIONES.neplanet Bavariats and lots on a lica Species hæc non-deſcripta eſt. Fructificatio non niſi hybernis menfibus, ut videtur, conficitur. Subſtantia tenera, et flexilis; color amænè rofaceus : ſuperficies glaberrima, annulis ad intervalla, ut fub Microſcopio cer- nere eſt, inſtructa ; pars tamen interior mucofa, non, ut in genere CONSERVA, tubulofa. Specimen in herba- rio Societatis LINNEAN E referendum curabo. Altitudo fexuncialis. Hab. POLKERRIS juxta Fowey, CORNUBIE oppidum. Boulogne 165 S Dunia Die Bob Dan od FUCUS ROSEUS. PL. xy. 2 О Т А ТЯ 2 1 0 FUCUS, frond cylindrical, tender, folid, tapering much upwards, branched; branches with: out order; fructification lateral, or axillary ; often in racemes. (New Species.) ROOT, a diſc flat at bottom? STEM long, much tapering, and ſwelling in the middle. BRANCHES few, irregular, tapering. FRUCTIFICATION in bunches, generally like F. fubfuſcus. Minor OBSERVATIONS, [95] OBSERVATIONS. Tuis Species is a non-deſcript. I received it from CORNWALL, Nov. 1800, in fruit, as repreſented in the Engraving. This is one inſtance among many of the neceſſity of inveſtigating marine Plants at all times of the year; particularly in the Winter months, as I had often met with ſpecimens of this Plant intermixed with others in the Summer months; but from its ftraggling habit and general appearance, I always, being out of fruit, took it for F. fanguineus after laceration by forms. Its fubftance is ſoft, flexible, and tender; the outfide ſmooth; the colour bright pink. On examining it under a glaſs, the ſurface appeared to fwell as it were into rings; and though from its opacity, and its having a coloured pulpy fubſtance within, I could not diſcern its inward ftruc- ture, yet it may have partitions at the ſwellings. A Specimen of this rare Species is in the poſſeſſion of the LINNE- an Society Hab. POLXERRIS near FoWEY. FUCUS DENTATUS. TAB. xv. FUCUS. fronde membranacea, aveniâ: dentato-pinnatifida, ramis linearibus alternis; apicibus trumcatis ; lacinulis in apice curvatis, acutis. Herb. Linn.- Hudf. 582.-Lightf. 952. -With. 4. 102.--Linn. Tr. 3. 158. RADIX; callus, ininutus. CAULIS compreffus. RAMI alterni, fupra-decompofiti, fummitatibus truncatis, et acutè dentatis, FRUCTIFICATIO paniculata, axillaris, fructų terminali, urceolato; feminibus quatuor intùs. OBSERVATIONES. SPECIES hæc in Anglia Borealis littoribus, et in Scotia reperitur: ramificatio elegans et fingularis; fub- ftantia tenuis, mollis, fub-opaca ; habitus creſcendi F. corymbiferi D. Gmelin, affinis adeo, ut fufpicor, can- dem eſſe. Deſcriptio F. corymbiferi, p. 124, atque Icon ejus, GMEL. Fuc. t. x. fig. 1. minimè inter fe conſen- tiant. Repreſentatio apicis fructiferi magnitudinis naturalis exhibetur, non, ut oportuit, aucta fub microſcopio: vid. tab. x. a, b, c, d. Parvulæ iftæ figuræ utrinque prope fummitatem d collocatæ, fi vitrum adhibeas, panicu- lam quodammodo repreſentant. Ut ut fe res habet reſpectu F. corymbiferi, Specimina tamen, fc. A, fructiferum et B, ſterile, tab. xv. accurate delineata, necnon fructificationes partes, prout fub microſcopio apparent, Fucune dentatum facillimè diſcriminabunt. Hab. SCARBOROUGH et in Scotia. • Vid. Tab. xv. et compara cum F. fubfufca, Act. Linn. v. 1. p. 131. Guerint verba hæc funt: "Fructificatio harum laciniarum in extremitatibus infinitè in denticulos fab-fattigiatos fub-divifis ; terminales globuli creberrimi, nigri, opaci, et parenchymatoſ femine, Lycoperdi vix majores, decidui. Unde oritur fpecies quædam corymborum minimo- rum." p. 124. Quid fibi valt Auctor? anne Globulos iftos in corymbum difpofitos elle? INDENTED FUCUS. TAB. XV. FUCUS. frond membranaceous, veinleſs; branches alternate, winged-clift ; fegments forked and trunciated, with terminating ſharp ſpinules. PLATES Morif. t. 8. f.5?--Gmelin, F. corymbiferus, t. x. f.1?-Fl. Dan. 354 ? ROOT 2 D [ 96 ] ROOT, a callous knob. STEM compreſſed. BRANCHES doubly pinnatifid, and alternate---ſummits truncated and acutely dented. FRUCTIFICATION panicled, axillary; the capſules of the panicle membranaceous, of the ſhape of the flow- er of the Arbutus ; exhibiting to the light 4 feeds in each. OBSERVATIONS. Tuis is a Northern Species: I have not heard of its having been found S. of SCARBOROUGH. It was ga- thered by Lightroom in the Firth of Forth, and by Mr. M. LEAY near Jonno' Groats Houſe. It may readily be diftinguiſhed from all others by the peculiarity of its habit, deſcribed above, and delineated, Pl. xv, The Frond is very thin, tender, and ſemi-tranſparent; colour, a dull red: it ſpreads wide at bottom. MORI- son's figure does not in my opinion poſſeſs that degree of excellence which has been aſcribed to it. It reſem- bles F. dentatus in the ſummits only, but has not the ſize, nor the branching habit of this Species, which much more nearly reſembles F.corymbiferus, Gmel. This latter indeed is ſo much like a luxuriant ſpecimen of F. denta- tus, that nothing but the deſcription of the Profeſſor deters me from inſerting it as a Synonym; but it is neceſſary to add that neither the Deſcription, p. 124, nor the fru&ified fummits, a, b, c, d, Pl. x, are ſufficiently perfpi- cuous to eſtabliſh a Species. I have been fortunate enough to meet with a fructified branch, which has not been the caſe with my Predeceſſors in their Summer Excurſions. It is panicled, and ſomething reſembling that of F. fubfufcus deſcribed by Mr. Woodward. I have accurately delineated it, as it appeared under the Microf- cope. It is fingularly beautiful, and furniſhes every requiſite for aſcertaining this Species. Hab. North of ENGLAND and ScoTLAND. ONTATO * Hift. Ox, ii, t. 8. f. 5. • The ſummit a, Pl. x. GMEL. is not magnified, and the globules, if intended for orbicular bodies, as the name imports, are ill repreſent- ed. There is an error, which all our cryptogamic Writers, the great DULLENIUs not excepted, have laboured under-viz. the omillion of magnified Drawings of Structure and Fructification, Jogo on todid FUCUS CONFERVOIDES. TAB. xv. FUCUS. fronde cylindricâ, fub-fimplici, fub-gelatinosâ: tuberculis inæqualis magnitudinis, co-acervatis per totam Plantam. Linn. Spec. Pl. 1629.-R. Syn. p. 51. 11. 53, RADIX fibrofa. CAULIS prælongus, extenſus, in medio paullulùm inflatus. RAMULI breviſſimi, graciles, ſparſi. FRUCTIFICATIO. Tubercula majora; et minora lateralia, glomerata, mucoſa: feminum congerie rubri colo- ris in medio pofita. OBSERVATIONES. 2 F. conferuoides, Act. Linn. V. 3. p. 208. F. longiffimum, D. GMELIN, F. flagelliformem, D. Licht- FOOT, necnon F. verrucofum noftrum, p. 26, amplectitur. Unde autem nomen Conferuoides apud LINNEUM, nili ex tuberculis grandioribus ad inftar Baccarum in monili collocatis? In Fuco tamen longiſſimo tubercula mi- nima [ 97 ] nima funt, et vix apparentia; item in F. verrucoſo ſparsim collocantur. Mihi perfuafiflimum et LINN UM fpeci- men quoddam utpote in Icone repreſentatur penès fe habuiſſe, unde nomen mutuatus eft. Auctores fupradii reâè aiunt Fucos varios affines fub eodem nomine in Herbario Linneano reperiri. Inſpeâis ſpeciminibus quam multis Speciem hancce fub nomine F.confervoidis fifto, F. longiſſimum, GMELINI feparatim deſcripturus. Der criptio Rais Syn. p. 51. n. 53. minùs ramofus, in longum protenfus" Specici huic fatis aptè convenit. Statu recenti fubgelatinoſa eſt; exficcata tamen globuli quafi filo traje&o conjun&i apparent. Forma plantæ recentis in Icone exhibetur, nec quicquam addendum videtur, quo a congeneribus diftinguatur. Color dilutè purpureus, matura ætate pænè evanidus; unde forfan F. albidi nomen apud HUDSONUM; deſcriptio autem ramificationis in AA. Linn, toto cælo diverſa eſt. Hab. in Occidentali ANCLIE parte. FUCUS CONFERVOIDES. PL. xv. FUCUS. frond cylindrical, very little branched : fub-gelatinous, with tubercles of different fizes huddled together without order through the whole length of the plant. ROOT fibrous. STEM, long, flender, biggeſt in the middle. BRANCHES few, ſhort, and ſmall. FRUCTIFICATION. Tubercles crowded, containing in the middle congeries of blood-red granules. OBSERVATIONS. Great confuſion prevails in this Species and its affinities, which I ſhall endeavour to clear up by a careful examination of the deſcriptions and figures of my Predeceſſors, and of the numerous Specimens I am in poſſeſſion of. F. verrucofus has been already deſcribed by me, p. 26, and that has ſince been referred to F. longiffimus, GMEL. which is a Species ſo accurately deſcribed and delineated by GMELIN, that there can be no doubt en- tertained about it. The learned Authors, who have made this reference to my F. verrucofus, Linn. Tr. 3. 208, have been guilty, I think, of an overſight, for they ſay that Gmelin's Plant is diſtinguiſhed by having " much more numerous and ſmaller tubercles." This is certainly a proper diſtinction between F. longiſſimus and F. verrucofus, GMEL. but I think the latter is not an Engliſh Species. However, with reſpect to my F. verrucoſus, p. 8, the tubercles are very large indeed for the fize of the plant; much larger than thoſe of Guilin's F. verru- coſus, Pl. xiv. f. 1. I have no heſitation in applying the trivial name of LINNEUS to the Species, which here preſent to the Reader, as, when it is dry, with the gelatinous part ſhrivelled up, it appears to be ftrung with beads like a necklace, not unlike ſome of the larger Confervu when ſhrivelled. A ſpecimen in my poffeffion in this ſtate will be preſented to the Society, and there is another fine one in the colleâion of Col. Valley, Its habit is very ſingular; it conſiſts generally of a long ſtem with weak trailing branches, very ſhort, and more like radicles: 4 minus ramofus, in longum protenfus," the character of n. 53, R. Syn. p. 51, ſeems admirably fuited to it. F. longiffimus, Gmel, is fo accurately deſcribed, and the figure, Pl. x1, ſo good, that there can be no doubt about that Species. It will form the fubjea of a fucceeding Article Hab, on the W. Coaft. . Linn. Tr. v. 3, under F. conferovides. Melles. Woodward and GOOD NOCH fay, that in looking into the Linetan Herbarium, they find that he confidered that F.com. ferocides and F. albidus as ſynonymous: but that is not extraordinary in the fate of knowledge of Fuci in his time. However there can be no doubt but a warted Specimen preſenting the appearance I have deſcribed, fent him from fome Friend, was the cauſe of his changing the appro- priate mame of F.lousons. FUCUS [ 98 ] la represented to FUCUS DIFFUSUS. TAB. XVI, FUCUS, fronde filiformi, tubulosâ, ramosâ, in medio turgidulâ, fursùm attenuatâ; feptis dir- tinctâ ; ramulis tenerioribus diffufis, apice acutis; fructificatione racemosâ. Hudſ.589. --Act. Linn. 3. 197.-With. 4. 112. Broot spil doni RADIX callus, minutus, CAULIS brevis, opacus.adobe RAMI diffuſi ; ramulis tempore fructificationis creberrimis, undique, erumpentibus, tenuiffimis, granulatis. FRUCTIFICATIO in apicibus; axillaris, vel lateralis ; formæ variæ ;-racemoſa, feminibus in apicibus race- morum immerlis ;--utriculoſa, feminibus per membranam diaphanam intùs confpicuis. 20 O BSERVATIONES. UT AUCTORITATE D. D. GoodenouGH et WOODWARD Speciem hanc inter Fucos enumero. Structura in- terna feptis inftruitur, cortice tamen opaco obvoluta ; et in ramis majoribus tubulus centralis, ut in F. pinaſtroidi, p. 75, frondem totam percurrit. In Catale&tis Botanicis, D. Albrecht WillH. Roth, Genus novum fub nomine Ceramium inftituitur, cujus chara&ter “ Filamenta membranaceo-cartilaginea, ſub-geniculata. Capſulæ “ fub-monoſpermæ ad fuperficiem Frondis fparfæ.” p. 33. Huc referendi ſunt, ut mihi videtur, Fucus hic et affines Species, F. F. pinaſtroides et lycopodium. Fru&ificationem dimorpham fuprà deſcripfi ac delineavi. Magnitudo Plantæ aliquando pedalis vulgò autem ſex-vel quadr-uncialis. Habitus fru&ificandi tempore ramo- Giflimus. & Hab. pafſim.IO Vid. Tab. XVI. a. h, bb-1.0, 0, 0. xvi GOTO Vid. Tab. XVI. d, fummitatem fructiferam, TAK omga bosing noiation --- yd batranitob bna diq3 s ai did barruolo PL. XVI. mit nasady po to govom lo laida Ivo FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, tubular, branched : branches geniculated, fwelling in the mid- dle, tapering much at the ends, garniſhed with numerous ſetaceous branchlets : fruc- i lo asi to babai dos tification racemoſe. Tom si (No Plate.). ai moitailoil on av diwand u bollvin ROOT, a ſmall diſc. log on tol bollsvidade as lo adotou sont STEM ſhort, thick, opaque. Totoo narrondins அப்taibonal obusta BRANCHES, wide-ſpreading, ending in ſetaceous points ; at the time of fruiting crowded with numerous fe- taceous ſhoots. Pld 12.12.10 FRUCTIFICATION near the ſummits, either axillary, or lateral; of different appearances; either forming a Raceme with congeries of imbedded feeds in the fummits, or exhibiting tranſparent axillary Veficles with the feeds viſible through the ſkin. . 102 * This is its uſual appearance, as the time of Fructification is in the Winter ; fee Pl. xvi. d. a fruiting fummit. It ſometimes fructifies in whorls, as is repreſented in the lower branch of the figure; and very frequently ſends out axillary veficles, as at 0, 0, 0, fig. 1. It occafi- onally is racemoſe, as at b, b, b. fig. 3. which is drawn from a Specimen ſent me by my Friend Mr. PICOTT, being delineated by him un der a very high magnifier. See both kinds, Pl. XVI. a, b, b, 6-1, 0, , 0, OBSERVATIONES. PL.III शान्ता 4 Palmetto F. Peduncular .. F. Gractat F. Grantia, Flongifsima.. [ 99 ] 2UM OBSERVATIONS Tuis Species, which has the Septa of a COXTERVA with the opaque ſkin of Genus Fucus, I place in this Catalogue in deference to the authority of Meſſrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD. It has been recently claff ed as a ſeparate Genus by Rotu together with Pinaſtroides and Lycopodium, and many others with external Fruc- tification. I obſerved under F. pinaftroides, p. 75, that there was a central capillary tube pervading the ſtem and branches, which clearly ſhews there is a difference in the external ftru&ure of theſe opaque Species. The Fru&ification, which had never been obſerved by the Gentleman above-mentioned, Linn. Tr. p-3. p. 197, af- fords curious matter for ſpeculation, as I have deſcribed and delineated it. It is of a very firm elaſtic texture, ſometimes nearly a foot in length, but more frequently from four to fix inches. It varies at the time of fru&ify- ing, as may be ſeen by the ſummit, d, Pl. xvi, ſo as not to be known by thoſe who have not ſeen it at that ſeaſon of the year. Hab. common. • This Genus is called CERANIUM. See Rota's Bemerkungen, p. 33. See Pl. XVI. 2, b, b, b-. 0,9, o. OTO F UCUS LONGISSIMUS. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, irregulariter et ſparsim ramosâ-ramis inæqualibus diſtichis: extre- mis prælongis : fructu minuto laterali orbiculari-depreſſo. Gmel. 134.-R. Syn. 51. n. 53. F.confervoides. Linn. Tr. 3. 208. F. flagelliformis. Lightfoot, 928. RADIX, callus, minutus. CAULIS, brevis, ftatim ramofus. RAMULI filiformes, irregulares, fubſecundi; in medio grandiores; apicibus elongatis; ſpinulis breviffimis. FRUCTIFICATIO; globuli minuti, ſparſi, laterales; apice depreſſi. OBSERVATIONES. Fucum longiffimum D. Gmelin, ut Speciem fifto, habitu ramificationis ab affinibus diverſam. Ramis prælongis, fparfis, quandoque binis ternifve ex eodem latere, inftruitur. Species affines, AA. Linn. P- 58,59. F.confervoides et albidus ex inveſtigatione ſpeciminum in catalogo noftro in tres partiuntur, fc. confervoidem, longiffimum, et albi- dum. Vix quidquam notandum videtur quo Species hæc a F. confervoidi fuprà deſcripto diftinguatur. Icon per fe, ut mihi videtur, fufficit. In ſterilibus fpeciminibus Plantæ habitus, in fru&iferis tuberculorum magnitudo, chara&eres fatis diftin&i funt. Magnitudo ſexuncialis aut fuprà; color atro-ruber: fubftantia tenax, externè lu- brica et nitens. Varietas aliquando occurrit, fi non potiùs fpecies fit diftin&a, ramulis prælongis fimplicibus ex caule brevi prodeuntibus, flagelli Romani fimilitudine, F. flagelliformis vocatus. D. Profeffor Esper. F. lon- &ilemum, Gail. tab. xx. adumbravit, habitu tamen ramofifimo, fru&uque prægrandi, adeo ut fpecies quædam diverſa videtur Hab. paffim. е Е FUCUS Gracelasia cena veidar com a fotocasiona Gran di 128 [100] F U CU S LONGISSIMUS. PL. XVI. PLATES. lo mal anpago aldi FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, branched irregular ; branches unequal, diſtichous; the ex- la treme diviſions very long and fraggling: fructification minute, globular, lateral, beton odur yalliga bolani obna boldomomis ga upoolt loodging sawoll lisab di dound bas Gmel. t. 13.-Eſper, Ic. t. xx? ett Lodobno ma d bovaldo nsod 19 you but did not bas piliaka mitano - ROOT, a - ROOT, a minute callous knob. stoljena) to the ottobro loans ont i otomobildedignal ni pole vhoon entomol STEM ſhort, branching from the bottom. ortodon wool 19 b simama yd mal adams BRANCHES irregular, ſometimes ſecondary; ſwelling a little in the middle; garniſhed with flender ſhort ſpinules. vads FRUCTIFICATION; ſometimes on the ſummits, fometimes in the ſpinules; conſiſting of inflations, or conflu- ent tubercles. Mbali na OBSERVATIONS. The Authors of the Diſſertation on Fuci quote this as a Synonym of F. confervoides of LINNEUS. I have given my reaſons for adopting that name, as the trivial one for the ſubject of the Article, p. 97, founded on the ap- pearance of the dried Specimen. I here preſent the Species which is called by Gmelin appofitely enough from its fingular habit F. longiffemus, or long trailing Fucus. GMELIN' Tab. XIII, is an excellent Repreſentation, and the Specimen here delineated gathered at Padstow will be found to reſemble his Pl. xul perfeâly; but the ODOT Fru&ification in ſome forts differs. I have no doubt but many nearly allied Species will hereafter be diſcriminat- 09 ed by fructification. The Authors of the Diſſertation on Fuci enumerate two different Species nearly allied to each other-F.confervoides and F. albidus, Linn. Tr. v. 3. n. 58, 59. but as I have arranged F. longiſſimus and F. conferuoides ſeparately, this Catalogue will conſequently include three Species. Their different habits, as preſented, Pl. xvi, will be ſufficient to diſtinguiſh them. The texture of this Species is very tough, and its ſur- face flippery and ſhining : colour reddifh, and ſemi-tranſparent. Esper's Plate xx is much more crowded than I have ever ſeen it, and as the fru&ification likewiſe is larger than I have met with it, I take it to be a diſtina Species. I have deſcribed the fru&ification as conſiſting of inflations: theſe are like imbedded veſicles. Hab. PADSTOW, CORNWALL, and elſewhere not uncommon. Gmelin fays minute lateral Tubercles: this may ſometimes be the caſe ; but they are then very minute indeed. There is no appearance in his figure of it, Pl. x111. I have drawn a repreſentation of it under the microſcope. of any F U CU S GRACILIS. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde filiformi, ramofiffimâ, confertìm prodeunte ; fructu laterali, glomerato, minuto juxta apices. F. albidus, Linn. Tranſ. non tamen HUDSONI. RADIX, callus, expanſus, plures emittens cauliculos. CAULIS, brevis; ftatim ramofus. RAMULI, numerofi, breviffimi, cylindrici. FRUCTIFICATIO: tubercula vix viſibilia juxta apices cuti adhærentia. OBSER- Gracilaria conferroides [ 101 ] AT OBSERVATIONES. . AT F. F. conferuoidi et longiffimo fuprà deſcriptis tertia hæcce accedit Species; quæ quodammodò F. albido, Aa. Linn. v. 3. 210, affinis, mihi tamen ut videtur, diverſa eſt. Sufpicor enim Speciem adhuc diftin&am, ab Auâo ribus fupradi&is juxta WEYMOUTH et CHRISTCHURCH obſervatam, adhuc fine icone reſtare. Haud equidem pro certo ſcio F. albidum D" Hudson eundem effe, ac F. albidum, Aa. Linn. color enim pænè evanidus F. confervoidis ftatu maturo fufpicionem mihi anjicit HUDSONEM nomen triviale « albidus " exinde Fuco confervoidi noſtro indidiffe ; quod fi ita fit, habitus iſte ramificationis fingularis a Raro notatus, Syn. p. 51. n. 53, quomo- dò fagacitatem Botanici illius adeò celebris effugit non poffum non mirari. Altitudo rarò triunciam fuperat ; magnitudo ramulorum fili emporetici minoris: furculi plurimi, ufque ad fexaginta, ex bafi communi provenientes; color rofaceus, fuperficies glaberrima et nitens. Frucificatio, ut fuprà defcribitur. Spinulas nullas ad latera ra. morum, ut in F. longiffimo, cernere eſt. Hab. PADSTOW in Com. CORNURIA et alibi. po cijelovida FUCUS GRACILIS. PL.XVI. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, much branched; ſending out numerous ſhoots from a ſpreading baſe, not trailing: fructification, very minute lateral tubercles, near the ſummits. (No Plate.) ROOT, a ſpreading Diſc ſending up numerous tufts. AN STEM ſhort, branching from the bottom. BRANCHES, very numerous, fhort, cylindrical. FRUCTIFICATION: minute wart-like tubercles, fcarcely viſible to the naked eye, near the ſummits. OBSERVATIONS Having already deſcribed two Species, I now give the third according to the Obſervations I made under F. conferuoides; not doubting but ſome more Species will hereafter be feparated from this filiform Family.. It ſeems to have ſome affinity with F. albidus, Linn. Tr. 3.210: but there are many points in which it differs, and there- fore I muſt leave it to future Botaniſts to aſcertain from their viſits to WEYMOUTH and CarisTCHURCH, whe- ther there is not a Species ſtill to be delineated. I hinted under F. confervoides, that the pale colour of that Spe- cies, and the fize of the warts, may have given the hint to Hudson for his F. albidus ; but the ftriking circum- ſtance of the ramification is fufficient to diſcriminate them. The Drawing, Pl. xvi. repreſents a detached Plant, but the tuft frequently conſiſts of thirty or forty different floots. Its colour is a bright red, and the fize as repre- ſented in the figure. The Species is I believe not uncommon; at leaſt it is plentiful on the Coaſt mentioned be- low, from whence the Specimen delineated was ſent to me. Hab. PADSTOW, CORNWALL, and elſewhere. * F. placatus and F. longifimus, already deſcribed and delineated, are affinities; as likewife F. serrureſes, p. 26. Pl. vn. FUCUS [ 102 ] F UCUS PALMETTA. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde aveniâ, membranaceâ, multifido-palmatâ, fub-pellucidâ : fructificatione orbi- culari, immersa. RADIX, callus plures emittens cauliculos. CAULIS, nudus, tenuis, fub-compreffus ; in folium fefe dilatans, vix ramofus. FOLIA, ftatim fefe dilatantia, extremitatibus fubrotundis, in lacinias inciſis. Solo FRUCTIFICATIO: ſcutella concava, feu acetabula, in fronde immerſa; feminibus rotundis nudis in fundo. OBSERVATIONES. Eto basket SpecimiNA Speciei hujus jamdudum mihi oblata funt, frequentèr enim in CORNUBIA provenit. Fru&ifica- tionem nunquam obfervavi, atque idcirco quid de eâ concludendum foret incertus hæfi. Icon D. Gmelin. t. xxii. n 3, habitu racemoſo cum F. noſtro parum convenit, tabulatum 23", quæ vocatur “ infigni magnitudi- ne," Hift. Fuc. p. 5, ideo minùs affinitates habet. Prodeunte nuperrime Dº Esper Faſciculo fecundo Speciem noſtram ibi tab. xl. exa&ti delineatam inveni. Miratus fum equidem F.Jinuofum, A&. Linn. v. 3. p. 111. utpote varietatem fpeciei hujus, tab. xlit, enumerari. Fru&ificationem, fuprà deſcriptam ac delineatam D. TURNER acceptam refero. Specimen litera d notatum in Epiſtolâ nuperrimè mihi mandavit quod, ut fub Microſcopio ap- paret, fig. 1. m, m, mm. tab. xvi, repreſentatur. Hab. in CORNUBIA. LON • Vid. Tab. XVI. 1. m, m, mm. Fructificatio forsàn ex tuberculis conftat in fubftantiâ frondis immerſis, quibus defcriptis, cavitatem aceta- buliformem, feminibus in fundo, ut in icone repreſentatur, fub microſcopio apparere par eſt conjicere. Suſpicor ex defcriptione D. GMELIN F. palmettam ſuum, præſertim varietatem majorem, tab. XX111, exoticam effe. FUCUS PALMETTA. PL. XVI. FUCUS. frond without a nerve, membranaceous; with an expanded multifid leaf, ſemi-tranſ- parent: fructification orbicular, concave, imbedded. Plate.--Eſper. Icon. xl. ROOT, a common Baſe throwing up many ſhoots. STEMS many, naked, fimple. LEAVES, or expanſions of the ſtems obverſely conical, rounded at the top, and fringed with numerous lacinia. FRUCTIFICATION: feeds imbedded in cavities in the ſurface of the Frond. OBSERVATIONS. I owe the introduâion of this new Species to the inveſtigations of my Friend Mr. TURNER, who, on exa- mining a Specimen ſent by me as a Variety of F. membranifolius, detected the Fru&ification above deſcribed and delineated in Pl. xvi. Previous to my receiving this information, I had ſeen a Specimen exaâly reſembling mine: but conſiderably larger, figured by Profeffor ESPER, Pl. xl, and referred to F. palmetta of GMELIN. I do not however acquieſce in this Synonym, as Gmelin's Figure, both of the ſmall one Pl. xxII. f. 3, and the very large one xxiii, ſeem to have a very different habit of growth. I ſhall however retain this appofite trivial name. It is rather fingular that the learned Profeffor ſhould have figured F. finuofus, Linn. Tr. (Rubens, Ner. Brit.) as a variety, which is a finuous mid-ribbed Species. Hab. on the CORNWALL Coaſt, frequently on the large ſtems of F. digitatus. FUCUS * See Pl. XVI. l, m, n, mm. [103] F U CUS PALLESCENS. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde cylindricâ, ſolidà, brevi: minùs ramosâ ; fructificatione oblonga, ſcutelliformi; margine criſpato. Species nova. RADIX, diſcus, explanatus. CAULIS, brevis, flexuoſus. RAMULI, pauci, juxta fummitates, apicibus truncatis. FRUCTIFICATIO oblonga, immerla, lateralis, concava: marginibus elevatis feminiferis: feminibus minutiffi- mis orbicularibus. OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc, fubftantiâ gelatinosa, paraſitica, ad fummitates E. lumbricalis inventa eft juxta PadsTow in CORNUBIA. Fru&ificatio fingularis admodùm, et fi ita dicam fui generis. Plantæ numerofiffimæ in codem F. Faſtigiati ſpecimine reperiebantur. Hab. juxta PADSTOW, CORNUBIE oppidum. PALLID FUCUS. PL, XVI. FUCUS. frond cylindrical, folid, ſhort, not tapering, and blunt at the edges: few, if any branches, which are near the ſummit: fructification oblong, immerſed like a ſhield of a Lichen. ROOT, a flat Diſc, STEM, ſhort, crooked, of an equal thickneſs. BRANCHES very few, if any near the Summits; tips crooked, blunted, or truncated. FRUCTIFICATION fingular, conſiſting of imbedded oblong cavities, with a rough tubercled margin, in which the feeds may be diſcovered by a microſcope which are very minute, orbicular, and dark coloured. OBSERVATIONS. Tuis non-deſcript Species was ſent me during the laſt Winter (1801) in a Parcel of Sea Plants from Pad- stow by Mrs. PRIDEAUX BRUNE; the Lady who fo kindly contributed one of the varieties of F. ciliatus, p. 92. It is a paraſitical plant, and was found covering the ſummits of a Specimen of F. lumbricalis. They were numerous, of a tender gelatinous habit, not more than two or three inches long, perfeâly cylindrical, and al- moſt tranſparent. The fru&ification, which is deſcribed above, and delineated Pl. xvi, a, b, c, diſtinguiſhes it from every other, and probably ſeparates it from all the marine genera already eſtabliſhed. Hab. PADSTOW FUCUS UNDULATUS. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde ramosâ; foliis linearibus, undulatis, pedunculatis; aliquando, fed rariùs, fur- catis; verticillatim, vel ex adverfo pofitis, U RADIX, 2F [ 104 ] RADIX, callus, expanſus. 2713 CAULIS, fubtus, complanatus. RAMULI, cylindrici..bila FRUCTIFICATIO, in medio foliorum ſparsim pofita: tuberculis internis, feminiferis, papillis externis, fora- tis, conicis. OBSERVATIONES. INTER imumeras F. veſiculofi affinitates Speciem hanc, diſtinctam, ut mihi videtur, filto. Habitus mul- tis modis diverſus eſt a Fucis cæteris fronde coriaceâ, pun&atâ. Ramuli fuperiores, cylindrici, et ſursùm attenuati. Folia reverâ diftin&a funt et pedunculata, non fronde unitâ, ut in affinibus. Margo foliorum elegantèr undulatus, ſuperficies papillis conicis foratis inſtructa. Icon ramulum folummodò defignat. Planta ftatu maturo altitudi- mem pedalem attingit ramulis crebris versùs apicem inftru&a, folioliſque innumeris ejuſdem magnitudinis, ac for- mæ, ut in icone repreſentatur. Fructificatio, etfi F. veficuloſ analoga, ſparsim tamen in foliolis producitur. Spe- cies hæc, utpote ramulis cylindricis donata, undique ramoſa eſt, non in plano, ut Fuci cæteri veficulofi. Hab. PadsTow in CORNUBIA. # Vid. Tab. XVI. 2, ſectio tranfverfa felii cum fructificatione ; a, a, eadem aucta. F U C U S. SUDU UNDULATED FU CU S. PL, XVI. Tas it hould be Bolo FUCUS, frond branched ; leaves linear, undulated at the margin, pedunculate; ſometimes, but rarely forked, growing in whorls, or two or more together. ROOT, an expanded callous knob. Ons STEM, compreſſed downwards. BRANCHES, nearly cylindrical, with diſtinct leaves on foot-ſtalks produced on all ſides, or in pairs. FRUCTIFICATION not contiguous; in the middle, or bottom of the leaves, conſiſting of internal feminife- rous globules, and external perforated papillæ. OBSERVATIONS, This Species is another of the coriaceous Fuci, included by Authors under the comprehenſive title of F. veſi- culofus, fo often fuppoſed to be found without air-bladders. It is too fingular to be any longer confounded with others, as the cylindrical branch, the diſtinct pedunculated leaves, and the fructification ſcattered in the baſes of the leaves, all which are deſcribed above, and which are accurately delineated, are fufficient to eſtabliſh a ſpecific diſtinction. A ſpecimen is depoſited in the Herbarium of the LINNEAN SOCIETY.- Hab. CORNWALL, • The fructification reſembles that of F. Skerardi, and it certainly approaches that Species; but its very wrinkled margin, diftinct peduncu- lated leaves, and cylindrical ftem, with branches and leaves on all fides, fufficiently diſcriminate it. FUCUS OPUNTIA. TAB. XXI. FUCUS. fronde cartilagineâ, ſub-compreſsâ, ſolidâ, concatenatìm articulatâ; ramis fub-verti- cillatis. Linn. Tr. 3. 219. blog AU. articulata, ß, Hudf: 569. RADIX, [ 105 ] RADIX, fibrofa. CAULIS, perbrevis. RAMULI verticillati, ternati, vel dichotomi; ramulis, vel potiùs radiculis minoribus, axillaribus. FRUCTIFICATIO: tubercula minima, immerſa in articulis terminalibus, vel ad axillas. OBSERVATIONES. SPECIEM hanc rupibus adnaſcentem juxta Terey oppidum in WALLIA AUSTRALI, A. D. 1796, detexi. Specimina a me D. WOODWARD tranſmiffa in Aa. Linn. v. 3. p. 219, fub nomine F.opuntiæ defcripta, primùm comparuere. DILLEN11 Tab. 10. f. 9. a, b, c, d, fynonyma vocatur, itemque Ulva articulata, var. 8, HUDSONI affinis certe eſt Species F. articulati noftri, p. 28, et forſan ut junior Planta, vel faltem varietas minor repu- tanda foret, ſed habitus creſcendi, articulorum rigiditas, necnon radiculæ axillares, characteres fatis diftin&ivi funt. F. repentem D. LICHTroor libentèr huc referrem ex nomine indu&us, fed aliter cenfet amicus meus D. WOODWARD, nec ex deſcriptione nudâ fine fpeciminibus concludere licet. Icon magnitudinis naturalis plantam ex congerie fumptam exhibet.- Hab. in WALLIA. FUCUS OPUNTIA. PL. XVI. FUCUS. frond cartilaginous, fomewhat compreſſed; folid; compoſed of joints bigger in the middle, and united together chain-like; branches fub-verticillate. PLATE.-Dill. 50. t. 10. f. 9. A.B.C.D. ROOT, fibrous. STEM, very ſhort. BRANCHES, reſembling F. articulatus, in ſmall whorls of four near the bottom, oppoſite, axillary, or dicho- tomous ; branches with radicles at the joints. FRUCTIFICATION: minute, immerſed tubercles on the terminal joints, or on ſeparate axillary ones. OBSERVATIONS. Tois elegant little Species was firſt diſcovered by me at Tanay in S. WALES, and communicated to Mr. WOODWARD, who has deſcribed it in the Linnean Tranfa&ions, v. 3. p. 219. It is a finally creeping ſpecies, growing on perpendicular bare rocks, and forming a thick matted maſs. Each joint is quite ſolid in the middle, in which circumſtance it differs from F. articulatus, as likewiſe in not being ſo tender and gelatinous; and it is alſo much more compreſſed. I ſhould incline to think F. repens of Lightroot was this Plant, from his trivial name. I am ſurpriſed to obſerve that the Authors of the Diſquiſition think it is only a variety of F. articulatus. LIGHTYOOT ſays it is " quite diſtina," p. 962. His Deſcription very nearly accords with mine, which is de- tailed above, but without a Figure it is impoſſible to decide. The “ acute ligaments, or radicles like claws," by which it affixes itſelf to a perpendicular Rock, as a Lichen creeps on the bark of a tree, is a very remarkable chara&teriſtic.-Hab. in WALIS. • Mellis. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD refer to all DILLENIU) Figures, t. 10. 6. 9. bur Lichtroor omits A. FUCUS PLUMOSUS. Frontisp. Operis. operis TAB. XVI, . FUCUS. fronde fub-cartilagineâ, ramollifimâ; ramis fuprà decompofitis, pinnatis ; ramulis re&angulis, oppofitis; tuberculis globofis, pedunculatis, foliofis. Herb. Linn.-Buddl. p. 29.-- Lightf. 935.- Hudſ. 587.-With. 4.120.---Linn. Tr. 188.-Eſp. (pectinatus, Gunn.) 97 RADIX, [ 106 ] RADIX, callus, minutiflimus. CAULIS, fub-compreſſus, opacus. RAMULI fuprà decompofiti; primarii fubalterni; fecondarii oppofiti: pinnulis etiam fecondariis, vix vifi- bilibus. OLOTOUT FRUCTIFICATIO: globoſa folioſa 4 -fariàm dehiſcentia per maturitatem. OBSERVATIONES. bandar Aptiffimè Species hæc « plumoſi ” nomen obtinuit fibrillis ramulorum plumæ fibrarum ad inftar ex oppofi- to poſitis. Frons atro-purpurea; altitudo maxima 4-uncialis. In diverſis fpeciminibus habitus variat; neſcio ta- men quid ſibi vult cl. LinneUs F. abrotanifolium, utpote varietatem Fuci hujus enumerans; Hypni ramificationis ſimilitudinem fatis aptè tamen innuit. Maxima ramificationis affinitas inter ſpeciem hanc et Confervam plumofam. Structura et color quidem characteres diſcriminantes. F. plumoſus, D. D. Gmelin et Esper Confervæ plumofæ, ut mihi videtur, referendi funt; ſtructuram “fubarticulatum" deſcribit GMELIN, et fimile quoddam in ramulo aucto ESTERI, t. xLv. n. 2. apparet. Habitus certè in iconibus amborum Confervæ plumofæ non Fuci noſtri. Ramificatio è contra F. pectinati, Gunneri, ab ipſo Espero, tab. XLVII, delineata fpeciem noftram exacte exhibet. Idem innuit Auctor ipſe, p. 94. Hab. pallim. • Affinitas hinc obſervanda videtur inter F. plumofum, F. pectinatum, F. ptilotum, et F. corneum, Ner. Brit. non tamen ESPERE, a bol Ibbi Frontispiece. PL. XVI. FEATHERED FUCUS. FUCUS. frond ſub-cartilaginous, much branched; doubly pinnatifid: branches oppoſite, and at right angles. Tubercles of fructification globoſe, pedunculate, leafy, Plates.--Ray's Syn. Pl. 2. Flor. Dan. 350.HOTO ROOT, a very minute callous knob, STEM, ſomewhat comprelled, opaque. BRANCHES: principal ones alternate ; fecondary ones oppoſite, ſhort, nearly of a length, ſet at right angles like the teeth of a comb; theſe latter ſpinules likewiſe appearing when magnified to be garniſhed with brilles. FRUCTIFICATION : globular, fet round with leafy appendages like a calyx, burſting as it were in valves. OBSERVATIONS. Ir elegance of ramification is admitted as a criterion, this is one of the moſt beautiful of the Genus. Its co- lour however, unleſs held to the light, is dull, and it does not vary its tints like F. coccineus. This is by no means a common Fucus, and Profeſſor GMELIN, and ſince his time Profeſſor Esper, have miſtaken ſpecimens of Con- ferva plumofa for this Species. Its general appearance is in denſe maſſes difficult to diſentangle. The publication of Profeſſor Esper's work enables me to decide that F. pectinatus of GUNNER is a near affinity, if not the ſame as ours, differing a little in colour. Indeed the learned Author has himſelf obſerved it p. 94. Hab. common. • I cannot allert this of Esper's Species, which he ſays is often more than a foot long. p. 95. TOMUUTUUT FUCUS COCCINEUS. Frontisp. Operis. TAB. XVI. FUCUS. fronde compreſsa, ſub-cartilagineâ, ramofiffimâ; ramulis triplicato-alternis: fructifi- catione polymorphâ, Herb. Buddl. 29.-Petiv. 26.-Gmel. (Plocamium.) 153.- Lightf. 957.--Hudſ. 587.--With. 4. 119.--Linn. Tr. 3. 187. RADIX, [ 107 ) RADIX, fibroſa, furculis numerofis. CAULIS, fub-compreffus, cartilagineus. RAMI, fub alterni, incurvi ; ramulis ferie ternatâ alternantibus. FRUCTIFICATIO varia--tubercula adnata, globoſa, atro rubentia ---filiquæ, vel capfulæ fub-ternæ, pediculo conico infiftentes.--Racemi filiquarum ex axillis prodeuntes. OBSERVATIONES. RAMULORUM diſpoſitione ſingulari a congeneribus facilè diſtinguitur Species hæc in littoribus noftris ubique occurrens. Habitus, ut fuprà defcribitur, fc. duo, vel tres ramuli ex uno ramorum latere, dein duo vel tres ex altero latere. Ex eâdem radice plurimi nafcuntur cauliculi, apicibus ramofiffimis, et inter fe implicatis unde no- men (LIGHTROOT, et GMEL.) plocamium. Nulla in Syft. Nature Speciei hujus mentio. Fructificatio, ut fuprà, deſcribitur. Color amené rofaceus. Tria in Espero delineantur Specimina coloris varietate plus æquo luxu- riantia, habituque ramificationis abfimilia.-Hab. paffim. • Vid. Tab. in Frontifpicio Operis, a, b, c, d, Vid. quae notavi in Præfatione, p. XXVI. SCARLET FUCUS. Frontispiece. PL. XVI. FUCUS, frond compreſſed, ſomewhat cartilaginous, much branched; branches alternating in a ſeries of three; fructification polymorphous. PLATES Gmel. xvi. f. 1.-Eſp. Ic. ii. ROOT, fibrous, with numerous ſhoots at bottom. STEM, fub-compreſſed, cartilaginous. BRANCHES, alternate, crooked: branchlets in ſeries of three, on each fide alternately, FRUCTIFICATION of different ſhapes-large, round, dark-red adnate tubercles.-Pointed capſules or fruit- vefſels of 2 or 3 together, on conical footſtalks.-Bunches of fruit-vefſels in no regular order. OBSERVATIONS This is the moſt plentiful of the ſmaller kinds on our Coaſts, and its ramification is fingularly beautiful. It is found of different colours, and occaſionally is variegated, but not fo much as it is repreſented in Esper's Icons. It forms very thick maſſes, and is ſportive in its habit; but the ternate alternation is always to be found on ſome part of the plant. The impreſſion in the Frontiſpiece will convey a better idea than can be done by words. I have deſcribed the Fructification above, and delineated it. Profeſſor Esper thinks the ternate capſule, a young ſhoot; but Mr. Picott, with a microſcope of high powers, dete&ted 2 rows of granules in each capfule; and he has at times ſeen theſe capſules after the diſcharge of the feed loſe their colour, and become yellow. Drawings a, b, c, d, e, repreſent the fructification. See my Obſervations in the Preface, p. xxvi. Hab. every Part of our Coaſt, F U CUS LYCOPODIUM. TAB. XVII. FUCUS. frondi filiformi, tubulosa, ramosâ ; ramis undique foliolis fquarrofis denfiflimè co- opertis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 717--Retz Flor. Scandinav. 1696.-F. Lycopodioides. L. Tr. 3.223.-F.. DANICA, ---Conferva ſquarroſa. RADIX, . G [ 108 ] RADIX, callus, minutus. CAULIS, infernè nudus, ad bafim contractus. RAMI, pauci, obtuſi, ramulis hinc inde, Lycopodii ad inftar, brevibus, obtufis. FRUCTIFICATIO incognita. OBSERVATIONES. Species rariflama, nec adhuc in Anglia, quoad ſcio, niſi YARMUTHI reperta. Frons ſexuncialis et ultra, filiformis, craffitie pennæ corvinæ, radicem verſus nuda, foliolis breviflimis filiformibus, obtufis, rigidis, undique imbricata. Subftantia dura, lignofa, et ad Fucum Pinaftroidem proximè accedens, cujus certè affinis Species eft. Specimen penès amiciſſimum D. WOODWARD, unde Icon delineatur, nuperrimè vidi. Incola profundi maris, ut ſuſpicor, inter reje&amenta maris femel atque iterum reperta eft. -Hab. in NORFOLCIA. MARINE LYCOPODIUM. PL. XV:1. FUCUS. frond thread-ſhaped, tubular, branched; branches thickly covered or imbricated with ſhort fubulate leafits, rigid, obtuſe. Plate.-Fl. Danica. Pl. 357. FADE ROOT, a minute callous knob, STEM naked below, and contracted near the baſe. BRANCHES, few, obtuſe; garniſhed ſparingly with ſhort obtuſe ſhoots, as in Genus Lycopodium. FRUCTIFICATION undiſcovered, but moſt probably reſembling that of F. pinafiroides. OBSERVATIONS. I HERE preſent a very rare Species, which has not been found above two or three times on the Britiſh Coaſt, and then among the wreck of Plants after blowing weather. To thoſe who are acquainted with the imbricated trailing moſs, which creeps among the Heath in mountainous places, and which is called by Botaniſts Lycopodium, no farther deſcription is neceffary; and without that knowledge, the fingularity of its habit, as it is accurately de- lineated in the Plate, will be a ſufficient mark of diſcrimination. Height and fize, as repreſented Pl. xvii. have flightly altered the trivial name.-Hab. YARMOUTH, thrown aſhore on the Beach. I • See my Remarks, p. 74. It is fair to judge from ſtructure and habit, that the three ſpecies deſcribed in this work, Pinaſiroides, Diffufus, and Lycopodium, have fimilar fructifications, and ſhould conſtitute a ſeparate Genus. They will arrange under Genus Caramium of Roti. See Pref. p. XXXI. FUCUS DISCORS TAB. XV11. Бl Б FUCUS. fronde fub-tereti, ramosâ; foliis pinnatis, lineari-lanceolatis, laciniatis; apicibus acu- tis, furcatis ; fructu racemofo terminali. RADIX, callus, ex caule intumeſcens. CAULIS, validus, fub-compreffus, ramentis, five aculeis inermibus veftitus. RAMI fursùm attenuati; foliis, vel alternis, vel oppofitis, nervo intermedio; papillis foratis in ſuperficie, ali- apliquando convolutis, et fub-cylindricis. molto FRUCTIFICATIO racemoſa, terminalis ; fru&à mucoſo, obovato; papillis foratis extùs. • Vid. Tab. XVII, a, nat. mag-, a, auct.-b; b, b, papillas. OBSER- PLITI P.discors Foolatud Flycopodium de [ 109 ] OBSERVATIONES. Species hæc utpote BRITANNIX indigena, nunc primum recenſetur. A LINsEo fatis apto nomine F. difcors nominatur; in diverfis enim fpeciminibus, et diverſo anni tempore nihil unquam " tam diſpar fibi." Plantam fte- rilem, fi modo fit Species eadem, delineavit D. Esper. tab. xxvi. Foliis lanceolatis acutis, aliquando furcatis, fe. piùs laciniatis, nec non acutè ferratis inftruitur, et haud rarò folia hæc convoluta, et quafi cylindrica cernuntur. Hab. in INSULA VECti, et juxta StD MOUTH in Devonia. ► Vid. Obf. in F. fibroſo, p. 81. F U C U S DISCORS. PL. XVII. FUCUS. frond cylindrico-compreſſed : leaves pinnate, lanceolate, with lateral laciniæ, acute- pointed, ſometimes forked. Fruit in racemoſe ſpikes, terminating the principal bran- ches. PLATE.-Eſp.Ic. Pl. XXVI. ROOT, a callous ſwelling out from the bottom of the ftem. STEM ſhort, the bottom of the ſtem thick, folid, covered with fub-conical, or obtufe appendages. BRANCHES long, tapering, garniſhed with alternate leaves of the peculiar ſhape deſcribed as above; having a midrib, with ſharp fummits, and perforated papillæ on each fide, bifid, ſometimes rolled in, and cylindrical, pun&ured and midribbed. FRUCTIFICATION terminating the branches; conſiſting of a branching ſpike of mucous ovate acute fruit. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is for the firſt time introduced into the Britiſh Catalogue. I gathered it in the year 1797 at SiD- MOUTH, and ſent it as a non-deſcript to Mr. WOODWARD, who imagined it to be a variety of F. fæniculaceus. Theſe ſpecimens had the leaves rolled in, and had few, if any fructifying tubercles. I fent afterwards fome to Mr. TURNER, who aſcertained them from inſpe&ion of the Linnean Herbarium to belong to F. diſcors, Linn. Profeſſor Esper has lately figured F. diſcors of LINNEUS, from a ſpecimen colle&ed on the coaſt of ITALY: it differs in ſeveral reſpects, at leaſt it is not a fruited ſpecimen. He compares the covering of the large branches to coarſe Fell, which is different from ours; but the peculiar ſhape of the leaves, and the whole habit, make me think they are the ſame ſpecies. Nothing is faid by Profeſſor Esper of its racemoſe fru&ification, which is figur- ed Pl. XVII, a, nat. fize. a, a, magnified. Hab. HAMPSHIRE, and DEVONSHIRE Coaſts. caure * This property which I have noted before under F.fbrofus, p. 81. is more remarkable in this Species than in any other, and them to be mittaken for different ſpecies. Notwithſtanding the breadth of theſe leaves in the Figure Pl. xv11, I have ſeen them fometimes quite cylindrical. This takes place at different ſeaſons of the year. Die Aeſte in form eines dichten Filtz umgeben." Eſp. 1c. p. 59. In the microſcope, however, the appearance is of conical flat-headed appendages. Soe Pl. xvi. h. i, ii. FUCUS COSTATUS. TAB. XVII. FUCUS. fronde membranacea, diaphana: ramis anguftis, linearibus, coftatis. Frucù tubulo- fo, terminali RADIX [ 110 ] RADIX incognita. CAULIS, brevis, alatus. RAMULI, alati; coſtâ centrali; membranâ anguftâ, in utroque latere tenuiffimâ, pellucida. FRUCTIFICATIO, ob-ovata, utriculoſa, foraminulis extùs ; feminibus intùs per membranam ad lucem con- ſpicuis, OBSERVATIONES. Species non defcripta, et, ut opinor, rariffima. Subftantia, tenuitate et ſtructurâ, quam maximè Generi Ulve affinis. Membrana alæ, ut par eſt conjicere ex habitu fructificationis, duplex eſt, firmitèr tamen cohærens, ut in Ulva compreſsa.--Hab. juxta Fowey, CORNUBIÆ oppidum. a Vid. Tab. XVII, c; d, d, fummitat. auct. FUCUS COSTATUS. PL. XVII. FUCUS. frond membranaceous, tranſparent; branches very narrow, linear, midribbed; fruc- tification veſicular, tranſparent. (No Plate.) ROOT unknown. STEM, ſhort, winged. BRANCHES winged with a tranſparent ulvaceous membrane on each ſide. FRUCTIFICATION obovate, veſicular; with external perforations through the ſkin and congeries of ſeeds on the infide. OBSERVATIONS. This is an entirely new Species bordering on Ulva; but from its being midribbed, and having terminal fructifications, it is arranged by me in this Catalogue of Fuci. I had the ſpecimen from whence the Drawing is taken, and which is preſented to the LINNEAN Society, from Mr. W.RASHLEIGH, who gathered it near Fow- EY in CORNWALL. I conjecture from the tubular nature of the fructification, that the lateral wings conſiſt of a double membrane cloſely adhering together, as is the caſe with Ulva compreſſa. It is I imagine very rare. Hab. FowEY, CORNWALL, See Pl. xvii. c. d, d, d. F UCUS PEDUNCULATUS. TAB. XVII. FUCUS, fronde tubulosâ, filiformi, pinnato-ramosâ ; ramis ſetaceis, fimplicibus ; tuberculis oblongis, pedunculatis, undique erumpentibus. Hudſ. 587.—Linn. Tr. 3. 213.- Tata050507 With. 4. 120. RADIX, callus, minutus ? CAULIS, tubulofus, fetaceus, cylindricus, flexilis. BUDU RAMI, prælongi, fimpliciſſimi, versùs apicem breviores. FRUC [111] FRUCTIFICATIO: longis pediculis infiftens; primò ovata, filis tenuiffimis, ex apice provenientibus; deinde Serninibus maſsa lanosâ circa ftylum perfiftens involutis. OBSERVATIONES Fucus hic habitâ fingulari a cæteris facillimè diſcriminandus eft. Radix adhuc incognita, fi tamen GMELINE fynonymon admittatur,“ Styrps diſco rupi adfixa eſt." Frucificatio fingularis admodùm totam plantami operit. Hujus nulla mentio in Aa. Linn. excepto quod " tubercula pedunculata" vocantur. GMELINI verba in F. Gärtnera deſcribendo apprimè defignant fructum Fuci hujus in ftatu primo-" Fructificationes crectæ, hyp- "ni antheram gracilem referentes, inferiùs pedunculatæ, apice in penicillum laxum, fubviridem, fluitantem, facil « limè deciduum, effloreſcentes." Gmel. Fuc. p. 164. Deſcriptio fanè apud GMELINUM Ordinis, ramulorum et fructificationis, trifariam alterni, minimè cum Fuco noſtro convenit, ideoque ftatuendum eft ſpecies duas fru&i- ficatione affines, habitu tamen diverſas, apud nos, et in exteris regionibus occurrere. Hab. WEYMOUTH et YARMOUTH, • Vid. Fructificationem hancce valdè fingularem. Tab. xvi. i, i; k, k. in ſpeciminibus noftris penicilli filamentos ad fummitates ramulorum conſpiciuntur, qui ſtructură geniculatå gerieri Con Titve proximè ac cedunt ; et forfan fructificationis partes fint. PL. XVII. PEDUNCULATED FUCUS. FUCUS, frond tubular, thread-ſhaped; pinnato-racemoſe;branches briſtle-ſhaped, ſimple : tubercles on long ſlender footſtalks.-_-No Plate. ROOT, a minute dife? STEM, very flender, brille-shaped, cylindrical, flexible. BRANCHES diſtant, gradually ſhortening towards the ſummit of the Plant. FRUCTIFICATION on long footſtalks : conſiſting in the firſt ſtage of an ovate tubercle, crowned with a thick tuſe of very fine threads ſeemingly jointed in the fecond, of woolly maffes of feeds, furrounding a long perſiſtent ſtyle. OBSERVATIONS. Tus elegant Species is readily difcriminated from every other by its habit, even when not loaded with its fructl fying tubercles, which is the uſual ftate in which it is found. Its root is fuppofed to be diſcoid. It is difficult to meet with it perfect, as the ſubſtance is very tender. Meſſrs. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD have noticed green filamentous tufts at the edges of the branches, which they ſuppoſe to be a paraſitical Conferva; and from hence they fuppoſe this to be F. Gertnera of GMELIN; but the tufts in GMELIN's deſcription are on the funnits of the fructification. The fructification is deſcribed by them fimply as "pedunculate tubercles;" from whence it is eaſy to infer that it was never examined under a microſcope. I incline to think F. Gærtnerd an affinity, but not the fame from the remarkable habit deſcribed by GMELIN, which ought not to have eſcaped the obſervation of the Gentlemen above-mentioned. The Profeſſor's words, in deſcribing F. Gærtnera, are e the fructification is on the branches, in a fort of alternation by three and three, ered, reſembling the ſlender anthera of a HYPNUM, ſtanding on a foot talk crowned with a laxy floating, greenill pencil of fibres quickly fallingoff." Gmel. Fuc.p.164. This ſpecies is a native of deep waters, and only found caſt on the beach.-Hab. WETMOUTH and YARMOUTH. Linn. Tranſ. 3. 213. This is literally tranſlated; but the plant is properly pianate, having no fecondary brancher ; but the pinna ate las and diftant. The threads are ſo fine, that a Piltar Microſcope does not ew them larger than human hairs. • See Tab. xvir. 1, 1: k, k. Theſe were drawn from a fpecimens of different maturity : ?u the latter flate, the woolly was feemed to form ſpiral capſules ; in fome plants however, which were perfect on cutting them tranfverfely, orbicular feeds were feca to fue out, FUCUS VIRIDIS. TAB. XV11. VUCUS. fronde tereti, tubulosa, ramofiffimâ; ramis oppofitis; ramulis æqualibus, capillaceis, diaphanis ; fetis mollibus, tenuiffimis. [ 112 1 RADIX ; callus, opacus, nigro-olivaceus. CA cylindricus, tubulofus, fili emporetici magnitudine, coloris luteo-viridis. RAMI, oppofiti, prælongi, vel inæquales. RAMULI, æquales, tenuiffimi, denfiffimi; ſpinulis oppoſitis, ramulis adhærentibus, obfiti. FRUCTIFICATIO: veficulæ ovatæ, in fummis apicibus. OBSERVATIONES. Speciem hanc, fub nomine triviali F. viridis in FLORA DANICA deſcriptam, in littore Orientali propè YAR- MOUTH oppidum detexit nuperrimè amiciſſimus noftri D. Turner, ſpecimenque, cujus icon, Tab. xv, expreſſa eſt, mihi mandavit. Habitus totius frondis capillaceus, et fub aquâ amaniſſimè fluitans. Altitudo quandoque pedalis. Color variat reſpectu ætatis : in junioribus luteo-viridis, ad lucem mutabilis; in adultioribus ſubfuſcus, fed tamen diaphanus. In apicibus maturis tubulus, ut videtur, longitudinalis conſpicitur, qui, tunc temporis fo- lummodo contractione viſibilis, totam frondem, ut conjicere par eft, pervadit, pelluciditate tamen inconſpicuus. Fructificatio in apicibus conficitur. Veſiculæ ovatæ, terminales, maturâ ætate cernuntur (vid. b.); femina tamen parvitate fuâ minimè viſibilia funt. In apicibus quibuſdam cafu aliquo abruptis, aut veſiculis ſeminalibus deciduis, fila alba, tenuiſſima conſpiciuntur, fructificationi, ut videtur, infervientia. Plurimùm adjuvabit in re tam fubti- li Microſcopii Solaris dextera accommodatio. b. -Hab. YARMOUTH, in NORFOLCIA. , in NORFOL Microſcopio Solari nuperrimè in floribus Filicum detegendis feliciffimè ufus eft Jos. Fran. MARATTIUS. Vid. opus ejus rariffimum Gore lendab inition TINGÆ apud Scholder. 1798. Minimè certus fum an tubulus ille folummodo idealis fit, et ex collapfu cuticulæ proveniens. Sufpicor tamen ſtructuram aliquam internam reverà exiftere, feptis diaphanis, ut fuprà in F. filo annotavi, p. 41. PL. XVII. TO but to FUCUS VIRIDIS. 2010 FUCUS. frond cylindrical, tubular, very much branched; branches oppoſite; branchlets of an equal length, capillary, tranſparent, garniſhed with very flender ſoft fpines. PLATE. Flor. Dan. . ROOT, a thick opaque callous knob. STEM, the fize of ſmall packthread; colour, apple green, when young. BRANCHES oppofite, very long; the oppoſite ones unequal in length. BRANCHLETS of an equal length, very flender, and much crowded; garniſhed with fine ſhort, ſoft fpinules, fitting cloſe to the ſtem, FRUCTIFICATION terminal; conſiſting of oval veſicles, but with no viſible feeds within. loodus oluntos Liit OBSERVATIONS. 2.1 We owe the diſcovery of this elegant Species, figured in Flora Danica, to Mr. Turner, who ſent me the ſpecimen from whence the Drawing was taken, together with fome others more advanced, from the Beach of YARMOUTH. It has the capillary, floating habit of the moſt delicate Confervæ, but no internal fepta are diſcover- able by the microſcope, though I ſuſpect their exiſtence. All tubular plants require ſome internal organization, to prevent their collapſing, as I formerly obſerved on F. filum, p. 41. I have hopes that the powers of the Solar Microſcope may hereafter be applied in detecting the Theory of Fructification in theſe marine ſpecies, where the parts are too minute to be inveſtigated by the compound in its preſent ſtate. No further deſcription is neceſſary to identify this ſpecies, which, a6 will appear by the inſpection of the Plate, differs fo remarkably in colour and habit from every other. Its fructification is deſcribed above, and is delineated in the Plate: there are terminal ve ficles, but the ſeeds are not conſpicuous with a Pillar microſcope; and in ſome fummits, which appear broken off, there are pencils of whitiſh fibres, which probably have ſome connexion with Fructification. TAT CIC Hab. YARMOUTH. ARMOUTH See Note 6 above. See Pl. X$11. a nar fize. 4;, magnified. 6 a velicic magnificd. ca fummit with the tufts of fibres, k 3 為 ​ B C c 2 作 ​ امیری 5 * V 1 2 3 4 G 度​。 2 Skrif -- }, *66666666 AN A P P ENDIX, Containing Species recently delineated, which on that account are not engraved in this Work, arranged alphabetically. F. ASPARAGOIDES. Linn. Tr. v. 2. L. VI. Sheet A. n. 2. Fronde filiformi, ramofifima; tuberculis globoſis pedunculatis; ramulis ſetaceis, fubulatis, alternis reſpectu tuberculorum. Line Tr. 2. 29.-With. 4. 1172 OBSERVATIONS. This Species was firſt diſcovered by Mr. Wico, and deſcribed and delineated by Mr. WOODWARD in the Linn. Tr. The Root is fibrous ; frond thread-Shaped, cylindrical; branches of the fize of ſmall pack-thread; garniſhed with ſhort, ſharp, ſoft ſpinules in a ſub-alternate order, with pedunculate round feed-velſels placed alternately between the ſpinules, of about half their length. Height 6 inches; colour pink, or bright red, though ſubject to variations. This ſpecies is not peculiar to the Norfolk Coaft: it is to be met with in Devonſhire and Cornwall. Height 3 or 4 inches. Hab. YARMOUTH and CORN- WALL • This reference to Sheets has reſpect to Drawings, to be furnithed by Mr. WHITE, the Publither, from originals of mine, to thoſe who are not in poffeffion of the Linnean Tranſactions, the works of LIGHTYOOT, and VALLEY, where theſe Species have been recently delineated, who wiſh to have the work complete, . 4. F. BIFIDUS Fronde membranacea, dilatatê, bifida: ſegmentis divaricatis obtufis; tuberculis marginalibus, diftantibus. Hudſ. 581.-With. Linn. Tr. v. 3. t. 17. 103-L. Tr. 3- 159. Sheet C. n. 3. OBSERVATIONS. Root fibrous, frond bifid, divaricating, very thin, and tranſparent. This ſpecies grows in matted cluſters, and is ſtrictly dichotomous, though in appearance irregular, the dichotomy is often repeated 4 or 5 times. Fructification very particular; conſiſting of ſmall tubercles partly immerſed in the margin of the frond, but prominent, large, orbicular, and diftant, Height from inch to e inches, or more: colour purple red. Hab. common. Though this appears to be its general habit, yet I have found it remarkably ſportive in its ſhape, if it in fact is not a ſmall one of a different Species. Sec a ſpecimen ſo marked in the Book preſented to the Society. F.CANALICULATUS VELLEY's Colour ed Fig. of Marine Plants, t. 1. Sheet E. n. 4. Fronde dichotoma, integerrima, fuprà convexa, fubtùs concavå, lineari: tuberculis feminiferis fructu bifido, vel irregulari, in clufis. Herb. Linn.--Syft. Nat. 812.-Gmel. 73.-Morif. 647.--Hudſ. 583--With. 4.99.-- Linn. Tr. 3. 172. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is diftinguiſhed from others by a channel or furrow palling longitudinally along the under of every branch, or more properly ſpeaking, it is convex above, concave below. Its root is a coriaceous diſc, which fends up many ſhoots, which branch in a dichotomous order and are terminated, when in fruit, with ſwollen tubercled fummits of a yellowiſh colour. It is generally diminutive, and grows ſometimes much above low water mark; but is greatly affected by ſituation, ſo as oc- caſionally to emulate the larger Fuci. Its frond is punctured with one or two ſeries of urceolate veſſels, in the upper ſegments diſcer- nible by an eye-glaſs, and with a frong light even without that afſiftance.-Hab. common. part F. DASYPHYLLUS. Linn. Tr. v. 2. 1.23 Sheet E. n. 1. Fronde tereti, ramosâ : ramis filiformibus, fub-fimplicibus: foliis cylindricis obtuſis, baſi, attenuatis ſparfis. L. Tr.2, 239. 3. 119. -Eng. Bot. 847.-With. 4. 112. OBSERVATIONS. Root callous: frond tender, tranſparent, cylindrical; branches, a few long ones from the root : branch- lets, or leaves, few, irregular; ſome of them ſimple, others branched again, or laciniated; ſmaller at the point of infertion. The whole Plant tender and fucculent. Fructification minute ſellile tubercles, without order, adliering to the coats of the principal Wran- ches, generally near the ſummits.* Hab. YARMOUTH, and elſewhere. • The fructure of this Species, according to my Friend Mr. Picort, is carious; confifting of a net-work of diagonal lines crolling each other, Fronde membranacea, laciniatâ ; laciniis dilatatis, undulatis; marginibus criſpis tuberculatis, putictatis. Lightf. 948.- Linn. Tr. F. ENDIVIETOLIUS. (F. laceratus.) 3. 155.-With. 4. 103, LICHTTOOT, V. 2. 1. 32 OBSERVATIONS. Root, a minute callous knob, throwing out ſhoots, which immediately expand into a thin membranaceous Sheet E. n. fubftance, variouſly divided into deep undulating ſegments. It has its edges wavy and crumpled. Fructification, compreſſed circular tubercles near the edge on the ſurface of the frond. Mellrs. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD have claſſed this as F. laceratus of GMELIN, but its habit is totally different. Loutroot's Plate is not very characteriſtic of this Species, though his Deſcription is good. The Drawing above referred to is from an Iriſh Specimen. Inſtead of clalling the Affinities of this Species as Varieties, af- ter the example of Mellrs. GOOD ENOUGH and WOODWARD, I have already engraved, in addition to the fubject of this Article, F. laceratus and F.cripatus as ſeparate fpecies, and doubt not but 2 or 3 more will be hereafter diferiminated from more accurate in. veſtigation. Hab. SCOTLAND and IRELAND. #1 F. ESCU Α Ρ Ρ Ε Ν DIX. F. ESCULENTUS. Lightf, Flor. Scot V. 2. 1. 28. Sheet B. Frende fimplici enfiformi; ftirpe infrà fub-tereti ; ftipite denfo, compreſſo, folium percurrente. Linn. Syf. 815.- Mantiſ. 135.- Gmel. (F. fimbriatus.) 200.--Gunn. 4.-Fl. Dan. t. 417.---Linn. Tr. 3. 140. (F. teres and tetragonus.) - Ligkif. 948.-- Vitk. 4.93 OBSERVATIONS. Root fibrous; ſtem round at bottom, compreſſed in the midrib, garniſhed juſt below the leaf with a tuft of leafits, fucculent in the middle, pedunculate, and fringed at the edges. Leaf membranaceous, veinleſs, plaited near the midrib, very long, leſſening upwards, and always near the extremity in a ſtate of laceration. Midrib thick, and compreſſed, running the whole length. LIGHTFOOT's Plate is very much diminiſhed: the Drawing accompanying this Deſcription is only of a ſmall fized Speci- men. Mellrs. GOODENOUGH and WOODWARD have divided this Species into two; but I think it has been owing to a miltake: as the character of F. teres is taken from the lower part of the ſtem, which is cylindrical; and that of F. tetragonus from the continu- ation of the Stem as a midrib, when its thickneſs is compreſſed ſo as to become almoſt quadrangular. The membrane is veinlels, tranſparent as that of Ulva, and of a beautiful clear brown; its greateſt fize 4 feet by 9 inches. Hab. SCOTLAND, IRELAND, the W. extremity of ENGLAND in deep waters. F. ERU TICULOSUS. Sheet F. n. 3 Fronde ramollfimâ : ramis cylindricis, flexuoſis; ramulis breviffimis ad apices faſciculatis, motinai OBSERVATIONS. I mentioned this Fucus in my Preface, as being recently about to make its appearance in the Linnean Tranſactions. It is admirably figured in Jacquin's Collectanea. The delineation referred to above, is accurate as far as the Spe- cimen authorized me to exhibit it; but it is a barren Specimen.Hab. Acton CASTLE, MOUNTS-BAY, CORNWALL, be . F. GIGARTINUS. Fronde cartilagineâ, dichotomâ, ramosâ; ramis æqualibus, acutis, fpinofo.dentatis ; tuberculis lateralibus, globoſis. Herb. Linn. Linn. Tr. v. 3. t. 17. --Murray. Syſt. Veg.--Linn. Tr. 3. 183.-With. 4. 111. Sheet C. 2.4. OBSERVATIONS. Root an expanded Diſc, ſending out many fhoots. Frond cylindrico.compreſſed, naked at bottom, branch- ing upwards, rigid, femi-pellucid. Branches irregular, ſometimes alternate, at others fub-dichotomous, tapering upwards : divari. cating fo as to form right, or obtufe angles with the ftem. Fructification, minute globules, generally ſellile, towards the extremities. This Species has been recently detected among fome Specimens fent by me to Mr. Turner, from one of which the Drawing C. n. 4. was taken. It has the texture of F. criſpus, and may be taken for a Variety of the mammillole kind. Hab. CORNWALL, St. Ives. F. HYPOGLOSSUM. L. Tr. v. 2, Pl. VII. Sheet A. n. 3. 230 Froude ramosâ, alatâ ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, planis, integerrimis, proliferis. Linn. Tr. 2. 30. 3.113.-Merb. Bankf: (F. hypo- gloflum et F.lingulatus.) --With. 4.95. OBSERVATIONS. This elegant Species differs from F. alatus and finuofus in habit. Its root is a minute Diſc. Frond mern- branaceous, very delicate, tranſparent, of a pinky colour. Leaves lanceolate, ſellile, midribbed : Midrib proliferous, having nume- rous ſmall leafits. Fructification of 2 kinds; either globular tubercles of a deep red colour, fixed in the midrib, or minute imbedded punctures placed in regular rows. See my Obfervations on this dimorphous Fructification, Pref. p. xxvI.-Hab. common. F. LIGULATUS. Lightf. Flor. Scot. y. 2, t. 29 Sheet D. Fronde plană, aveniâ, fub-triplicato-pinnatâ : ramis ramulifque diſtichis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, ſpinofo-dentatis. Lightf. 946.-- Hudf: (F. herbaceus.) 582.-Linn. Tr. 3. 123.-With. 4. 101. OBSERVATIONS. Root, a fleſhy knob, flat at bottom: ſtem flat, thicker in the middle, throwing out its branches from the edge: principal branches fupra-decompoſed; thoſe near the bottom the largeſt, ſhortening upwards; the laſt diviſion of branches having the edges ſet round with ſoft cilia, flender and acute pointed. Fructification, circular flat warts on the branches near the ſetting on of the Leaves, * Height often above 'a yard. Colour yellowiſh green. Native of deep waters. Mr. Picott diſcovered a Plant of this Species at POOLE, with fibrous proceſſes at the margins of all the leaves : which, as it was late in the year, feems to have re- ference to fructification. I have likewiſe found in ſome large ſpecimens, latted orbicular excreſcences on the Stem, which I take to be feminiferous.--Hab. common in deep waters. * See my Obfervations and Figure of a fructified fummit of F.tamariſcifolius, p. 45. t. xr. 1, 1. and of F. pedunculatus, t. xvi. ii; k, k. Theſe filamentous proceffes merit frict attention. F. KALIFORMIS. Linn. Tr. v. t. 18. Sheet G. 11.1. Fronde filiformi, fubgelatinosa, tubulosâ, ramoffifimâ; ramis fparfis ; ramulis fubverticillatis, fubulatis, obtufiufculis. Linn. Tr. 3. 226.-With. 4. 89. OBSERVATIONS. Root, a ſmall thick knob : frond cylindrical, tender and pulpy, round; often, if not always, having a ſmall cavity in the middle; not of an equable thickneſs, but ſwelling and contracting. Principal ftem of the thickneſs of a Gooſe- quill. The habit of this ſpecies is fubverticillate. This Species has many varieties, and is cloſely connected with F. articulatus. Fructifications ſmall feflile tubercles; colour a dilute pink or purple. N.B. F. verticillatus, Lightf. t. 31, is ſo nearly allied, that I cannot from his Drawing eſtabliſh a diſtinct ſpecies; though one, if not more, will hereafter be diſcriminated, with all the parts more minute and filiform. Hab. common. Fronde dichotomâ, ramosâ ; ramis apice dilatatis; fructificatione in fummitatibus concavis. (F. pygmæus) Lightf. 964.-With. 4. F. LICHENOIDES. Lightf. Flor. Scot. V. 2. t. 22. Sheet E. n. 3. 100.-Hudf. (F. pumilus.) 584. OBSERVATIONS. Root, a minute callous Knob, throwing up many ſhoots matted together, forming diſcs by contact, ſo as to ſpread in patches. The little branches are obtuſe pointed, and in fruiting-time fwell into a ſort of tubercles, with an aperture in the middle; theſe apertures are wide, and not unlike the ſhield of a Lichen. This is one of the connecting links between aquatic and land plants, as its ſituation pretty accurately marks the line of high water. It can hardly be deemed a ſubmerſed Plant, living in ma. ny ſituations the greateſt part of its time expoſed to the fun and winds, and affords one among many inſtances of the wonderful power of Nature in accommodating herſelf to any ſituation. Height 1 inch, colour on the rock, black; held to the light, olive. Hab, common F. SEMBRA APPENDIX. 4. 106. 1. MIMSKAS iroLTUS. Fronde tereti, ramosà : apicibus membranaceis, dilatatis, dichotomis, enerviis ; tuberculis pedunculatis. Linn. Tr. 3.120.--Jitk. Lion. T. 3. t. 16. Sheet C. B. OBSERVATIONS. Root, a minute Diſc; fem flatted, but nearly cylindrical, branching : fummits of the branches terminated with an expanded leaf-like membrane, much crumpled and curled, with ſharp-pointed tips. Its membranaceous tranſparent fub. flance renders it very nearly allied to ſome of the dilated varieties of F.criſpus. It differs from F. criſpus in fructification which is oval, fub-pedunculate, and produced on the branches below the membranaceous leaf. I have drawn a ſpecimen from the I. of WICHT. where the round branches are divided and ſubdivided before the leafy expanſion takes place in the fummit. I imagine many Species are included among the four varieties enumerated in the LINNEAN TRANSACTIONS. Hab. I. of Wight, and not uncommon, at leaſt ſome of the varieties, elſewhere. Fronde cartilaginca, filiformi, compreſsa, ramoså, pinnatifida; ſegmentis obtufis ; tuberculis in apicibus. Velley. Ic. z. With 4. F. OSTUSUS. VELLEY's Col. Fig. 1.3 Sheet G. n. 2. 119. Var. n. 3 OBSERVATIONS. Root, a fucculent Diſc. Stem round, tender, pellucid, flightly compreſſed, much branched; branches ſometimes oppoſite, often irregular, covered with obtufe and as it were truncated ſegments. On theſe are to be found the Seeds ad. hering to the inner fide in cluſters. The figure of Col. VELLEY is admirably drawn as well in its natural as magnified Gize; but it ſeems to differ from the F. obtufus of the LINNEAN TRANSACTIONS. This Species is perfectly gelatinous, and there has lately been diſcovered a Variety of a pea-green colour. Notwithſtanding the difficulty of preſerving it on paper, Col. VELLEY fhewed me a beautiful Specimen collected at Poolz-Hab. WEYMOUTH and I. of WICHT. VAR... I inſert a Specimen more nearly allied to F. pinnatifidus, whoſe fructification is extremely fingular, conliſting of glo- bular veſicles of a large ſize, with feeds immerſed as at n. 3. I. PALMATUS: FI. Scot. t. Sheet F. n. 4. Fronde palmata, plana. Lightfoot. 933---With. (U. palmata.) 4. 123. OBSERVATIONS. Having fully deſcribed F. palmatus before, p. 54, I juſt inſert this, as my Figure was of a large Plant, with the margin throwing out pedunculate Shoots, and without having the palmated appearance of LIGHTFOOT's Plant, which how- ever is not uncommon. Though the habit of the Plant, as delineated in Sheet F, is frequent, yet I incline to think from the baſe of Mr. LIGHTTOOT's Plant, added to the Deſcription he has given, that his F. palmatus is an Ulva, and Mr. WOODWARD is of the fame opinion. In this ſtate the diſtinctive mark, viz. the pedunculate leaves at the edges, are ſeldom met with. I am convinced there are ſeveral Species nearly allied, one of which with narrow linear leaves I have preſented to the Society, with immerſed tuber- cled Fructifications very numerous. Hab. common. F. PURPURASCENS. Fronde filiformi, ramofiflima; ramulis ſetaceis, ſparſis; tuberculis fubrotundis, innatis. Herb. Budd.-R. Syn. p. 50. 51.-Huds: VELLEY. t. 589.--Lightf. 926.-Vith. 4. 119.-Linn. Tr. 3.225, Sheet A. n. 4. OBSERVATIONS. This is a tender fucculent Species, elegant in its ramification, but diſtinguiſhable from every other when in fruit by the ſize and colour of its innate tubercles, which are ovate and purpliſh. It has been called F. tuberculatus by Licht- YOOT; but that name is applied to F. bifurcatus of VELLEY and WITHERING. The tubercles are not air-bladders, but muci- fluous veſſels with imbedded granules of ſeeds. Col. VenLey delineated a young Plant: the Plant which I have delineated was in maturity.-Hab. very common. F. RURENS. Lightf. v. 2. 1. 30. Sheet F. n. 1. Fronde fub-membranacea, dichotoma ; ramis proliferis linearibus ; ramulis apice dilatatis, bifidis; laciniis acutiuſculis. Herb. Linn. Buddle--Ginanni Op. Poſth.61...-Buxbaum. 6o.---Linn. Sp. Pl. 1630.--Hudf. (E. criſpus.) 580-Lightf. (F. prolifer.) 949 OBSERVATIONS. Root, an expanded callous Knob, with a ſhort ſtem. It branches at firſt regularly, but in its future growth it propagates itſelf by ſhoots ariſing from the ſummits of former ones, not produced at the margin, as in F. palmatus, but a little with in the furface of the Frond. This habit, called by LionTrOOT, chainlike, is generally obſervable even without laceration; but in fome young plants it is not found; and there is, as has been obſerved, a fainit midrib in the bottom of the older ſegments. Its Fructification is fingular, as the feeds vegetate on the frond of the parent plant, and feedlings may be ſeen ſometimes ſimple with a minute round crooked falk, and a flat oval or circular head; at other times, either in pairs, or 3 or 4 together, cauſing the appearance of * the rudiments of branches," mentioned Linn. Tr. v. 3. p. 166, and which as they rightly conjecture "ſeparate in time from the pa. ** rent Plant." Lightroor's Plate is characteriſtic of it in its trailing ſtate, I do not meet with it fo tall, Hab. common. "Catenato-prolifer." Linn. Tr. 3. 166. F. SURFUSCUS Linn. Tr. v. 1. tab. XII. Sheet F. n. Fronde filiformi, ramofiflima; ramis ſparfis; ramulis fubulatis, alternis; tuberculis racemofis. Linn. Tr. 1. 131.Jitk. 4. 115– L. Tr. v. 3 = 12, OBSERVATIONS. This is one of the ſhrubby ſpecies diſcovered by Mr. Woodward in the year 1789, and publiſhed by him in the firh Vol. of the Linn. Tr. The Root is fibrous, and covered with gluten: Frond cylindrical, very much branched; branchlets ſhort, and covering the ſhoots on all fides. The Fructification is ſituated in the axilla, on branching peduncles, each feed velfel having the appearance of the calyx of a Flower under the microſcope. Colour reddith brown. Height 6 inches. Very com. mon on the Beach at YARMOUTH. It is frequently found with large innate tubercles, which have never had any feeds diſcoverable in them, and are probably the nidus of an Infect. In this ſtate, and under fome of its varying appearances, it has been ſuppoſed to conſtitute a new Species, and as ſuch is arranged in the Catalogue of Mellrs. GOODENOUCH and WOODWARD as F. variabilis: the error being fimilar to that reſpecting F. tamariſcifolius and felaginoides, Hab. on the N. E. Coaft generally. F. TINU. APPEND I X. Fronde filiformi, ramollifimâ; ramis omnibus capillaribus alternis ; ramulis acutis, tuberculatis. Hudf. (U.capillaris.) 571.1Vet. F. TENUISSIMUS. Linn. Tr. v.3. t. 19 Sheet G. 0.4 4. 117. OBSERVATIONS. Root fibrous, matted, throwing up numerous ſhoots, though it is ſometimes folitary. Stem branching near the bottom. Branches alternate, capillary, fubdivided : extreme branchlets ſhort, ſwelling in the middle, and fmall at the fetting on. Fructification, numerous adnate ſpherical granules, each containing one feed. Height from 3 to 12 inches. Colour, watery pale purple. Tranſparent veficular proceſſes are at times obſervable in the branches. Theſe proceſſes are attempted to be delineated in Pl. 19. L. Tr. but I think they diſguiſe the Plant. The Drawing of Sheet E was furniſhed by Friend MASON of YARMOUTH, a very fedulous marine Botaniſt; and it is, I think, a Maſter-piece of Art.-Hab. I. of Wight, WEYMOUTH, &c. &c. F. TUBERCULATUS. Fronde filiformi, dichotoma ; ramis inæqualibus obtufis, apice tuberculatis; angulis ramificationum obtufis. Raii. Syn. 43. n. 13. With. Bot. Arr. ---Hudſ. 588.With. (F. bifurcatus.) 4. 109. 1.4. t. 17. f. 1. Sheet A. n. 1. OBSERVATIONS. Root, a callous Knob. Stem perfectly cylindrical, glofly, tranſparent, rigid; the ſize of a Raven's quill. or larger ; branching near the ſummit; often dichotomous, though ſometimes irregular, but always fortning a roundiſh angle with the item. The ſummits, which are furcated, and turn inwards, ſwell at the time of fructification, and throw out conical papille, under which are the orbicular ſeed-bearing Maſles. This Species has been delineated in Dr. WITHERING's Botanical Arrangement under the expreſlive name of F. bifurcatus, with a Deſcription from Col. VELLEY. It is a very common Species in CORNWALL, and is very beautiful in fructification, as the granules are to be ſeen diſtinctly on the inſide through the tranſparent mucus. Hab. CORNWALL: Acron CASTLE, plentiful. F. VERTICILLATUS. Lightf. v. 2. t. 31. No Drawing Fronde, tubulo â, fub-articulatâ, ramosâ ; ramis verticillatis, fubulatis, ſetaceo-ligulatis. Lightf. 962..With. 4.90. OBSERVATIONS. I juſt notice this Plant, as it has been figured by LIGHTFOOT; but in his Plate, the inattention of the Engraver to its capillary parts, is ſo great * that I ſhall not venture to decide whether in any thing it differs from F. kaliformis. Man ny varieties of F. kaliformis are completely whorled. Hab. SCOTLAND. * See F. kaliformis. F. PATENS Sheet A. n. 3 Fronde dichotomå, lineari apicibus, obtufiufculis, planis; tuberculis fub-globolis, fparfis. OBSERVATIONS. This Species is eſtabliſhed in the Linnean Catalogue, but not in ſuch a manner as in my judgment fepa- rates it from F. criſpus, I here give their ſpecific character, and the delineation is from a Specimen of Mr. WOODWARD'S. Hab, MARAZION, CORNWALL. BOTANICAL REFERENCES, Which occur under ABBREVIATIONS in this work. Act. Gail. Herb. Linn. Sherard. Bauh. Pr. Pin. Bait. Buddl. Imp. Nat. Hift. Linn. Syft. Dod. Sp. Pl. Lightf. Acta Gallica fecundum Annos Digefta. Caſpari Bauhini Prodromus 1646. 4to. Pinax Balteri opuſcula ſubſeciva 1762. 4to. Buddlei Hortus ficcus in Muſeo Bri- tannico Dodonæi ftirpium hiftoriæ pemptades VI. 1616. fol. Engliſh Botany. Plates by J. Sower- Herbarium LINNEA penes Jac. Ed. SMITH, Norvici SHERARDI in Hort. Med. Oxon. Imperati Hiſtoria Naturalis Linnei Syſtema Naturæ, cura Gmelin 1791. 8vo: Species Plantarum 1747. 8vo. FLORA SCOTICA; by the Rev. W. Eng. Bot. 1777. 8vo, Eſp. Ic. by Icones Fucorum cum char. fyftem. Eug. I. Efper 1798. 4to. Icones Pl. Floram Danicam illuſ- trant. In fafciculis. fol. Hudſoni Flora Angliæ 1778. 8vo. Linnei Flora Lapponica Gunneri Fl. Norvegica The Gentleman's Magazine Gerard's Herbal amended by Johnſon 1636. fol. Giſeckii Index Linneanus cum fig. 1779. 4to. Gmelini hiftoria Fucorum. Petrop1768. 4to. Moriſoni Plantarum hift. univerſalis; Oxon 168o. fol. Hudſoni Flora Anglica 1778. 8vo. Mantiſ. Moril. Oed. Dan. Petiv. LIGHTYOOT Mantilla Plantarum Linn. Fil. 1767. 8vo. Moriſoni Plantarum Hift. univ. 1689. fol. Flora Danica, fupra Ray's Engliſh Herbal illuſtrated by W. Petiver Parkinſon's Theatrum Botanicum 1640. fol: Petiveri Gazophylacium Naturæ et Artis Raij Synopſis 1724. 8vo. Floræ Leidenfis Prodromus a Royen 1740. 8vo. Sebze Theſaurus Coloured Figures of Marine Plants by T. Velley, Eſq. Arrangement of Britiſh Plants by W. Withering, M.D. Fl. Dan. 1695 Park. Pet. gazi Fl. Ang FI. Lapp. Gunn. Gent. Mag Ger. em. 1737. 8vo. 1772. fol. R. Syn. Roy. lugd. Seb. Gilck. Gmel. Hift. Ox. Vell. Ing. 1795. fol. Hudr. With or With. Bot. Arr. A GENERAL INDEX , With Foreign Synonyms, omitted in the Body of the Work, arranged Alphabetically. F.ASUOTANITOLIUS. p. 85. Abrotanioides. See Funiculaceus. Aculeatus. Stachlichter Tang. Elp. Ic. p. 72. mit faden- p. xxiii. 24. formigen breitgedrukten, fehr aftigen Zw- xxxiv. eig, und pfriemenformigen abwechſelnden, aufrechtin, zu beyden feiten auftehenden weichen Stacheln. Alatus, Geflugelter Tang. Elp. Ic. p. 20. mit hauti- P. 79. gen, nicht ganz zweytheiligen, geribten Blättern, und herablaufenden abwechſelnfte- henden Lappen. Geviengeld Zee-Ruy, Houtt.+ 2.307. F. fronde ramofiflima, nervosa; laciniis linea ribus, decurrentibus. Neck. Meth. p. 33. Vengfol, Gunn. 2.750. Albidus. L.T. See F. confervoides and gracilis. Amphibius. p. 86. Articulatus. p. 28. xxxiii. Aſparagoides. App. Barbatus. p. 83. Fenchel formiger Tang. Eſp. ic. p. 67. mit fadenformigen, ſehr aftigen Zweig: en- trunden, an demenden der Aufte ftehenden Blagen und vieltheiligen fumpfen an den Spitzen fruhtragenden Blattchen. Vankelbladig Zee-Ray, Houtt. p. 992. Lau-vel Lo-tang Gunn. 2. 79. Bifurcatus. App. With. Sce F. tuberculatus, Bifidus. App. Bulbofur. See F. polyſchides p. 6. xxi. xxxiv, Canaliculatus. App. Capitatus. Spec. nou. Note p 89 Coranoides. p. 7. Cæfpitolus. Spec. nov. p. 59. xxxvi. Ciliatus. p. 90. Gefranzter Tang. Eſp. Ic. p. 21. mit hauti- gen, lansetformigen, (prollenden, gefranz. ten Blätterd. Getand Zee-Ruy, Houtt. 2. 307. F. fronde plana, laciniatâ: margine ciliato primordialibus linearibus. Neck. Meth. pe 32 F. Digitatus. Diffufus, p. 98. Diſcons, p. 108 F. hyperboreus. Gunner. Tare vel Tarre-leg. Gunn. Norv. P. 34. Tweedragtig Zee-Ruy, Houtt. s. 296. Huas tang. Gunn. 2. 514. Ungleich formiger Tang. Eſp. p. 59. mit gerundetem Stamm; weichen, ſehr zahlrei- chen Stacheln, zweiteiligen, zum Theil gefiederten, gleichbreit-lanzetformigen, und fageformig gezahnelten Blattero, Var. of F. criſpus. Echinatus. p. 65. Edulis. p. 57. xxxvi. Endivizfolius. App. Ericoides. Eſculentus. App. See Tamariſcifolius, Funiculaceus. App. Abrotanoides, Gmel. (omitted ; See p. ult.) Faſtigiatus. p. 15. Ner. Brit. F.lambricalis of Linn. Tr. and Gmelin Faftigiatus, Linn. mit fadenformigen, zweytheiligen, fehr afti- . gen, faſt in gleicher hohe aufrecht leben. den Zweigen. Eſp. 38. Funiculaceus. App. Getopt Zee-Ruy, Houtt. 2. 198. Horned Strand Klever. Gunn. Fibrofus. p. 80. Bertramahnlicher Tang. Eſp. ic. 65. Filum. p 40. xxxv. Schnenformigen Tang. Meer-faden, Meerf- tang. Elp. Io. 47. Fadenformiger, einfa- cher, ſehr weicher, nicht ganz durchfchei. nender Tang. Peefachtig Zee-Ruy, Houtt. 2. 296. Martoume. Rokkeſnorer. Fiol. ftraenge. Gunn. 2. 347. Flagelliformis. See F. longiffimus Furcatus. Note p. 89 Fruticulofus. App. and p. xxvii. Gigartinus. App. Gracilis. p. 100. xxx. Spec. nov. Granulatur. See F. barbatus, See F. ligulatus Herbaceus, Hypogloffoides. App. Hypogloſſoides, var, P-76, See Pinaftroides. Iscurou. Jabatus. p. 51. Kaliformis. App Comeus. p. 61. xxxvi. not the F. corneus of Gmelin and Eſper, Coronopifolius, p. 83. Coccineur, Gitter formiger Tange p. 106. Criſpus. Not F. criſpus, Eſp, p. 63. xxxvii. Confervoides. p. 96. Coftatus. p. 109. xxix. Spec. nu. Crifpatus. p. 97. Laceratus. p77. Lacerus. P 50 Var. of F. criſpus xxxvi. Ligulatus. App. Lichenoides. App. Longiffimus. p. 99. Der långfte Tang Eſp. I. p. 4. Knorpelarti- | ger Tang, met aufrectitchenden, gerundet en Stamm, fehr langen Aditen und fur feie te auflitſenden, kugelformigen Fruchtbehalt xxxix. Dafyphyllus. App Dentarus. p. 95 Digitatus. p. 5 xxi. xxxiii. Loreus. 37 Fingerformiger Tang. Eſp. lc. 99. fingenformigen, Schwertformigen Blitters, und gerundeten Samm. Gevingerd Zee Ruy, Houtt .. 302 Riemenformiger Tag Eſp. le. 43. met fa- denformigen zufammengedrukten, zwey- theileges, auf bey den Seiten an met rundlikes hocken befetitea Zweigen. * N. 3. The Roman Numerals thew the pages in the Preliminary Obfervations; the others refer to the Body of the Work + Houttuyn Nat. Hia. F. Lycopodium A GENERAL INDEX. F. Lycopodium. p. 107. Lumbricalis. See F. faftigiatus. p. 15 p. 15. xxiii. See F. echinatus. p. 65. xxxii, Mammillofus. Membranaceus. p. 13. Membranifolius. App. Nodofus. p. 35. Knotiger Tang. Eſp. Ic. 25. mit zuſammen ge- druckten zweyt heiligen ftamm ; en zwey Ri- chen ſtehenden glattrandigen Blattern, und einzelnen, aufgetriebenen, eingewachſenen Blafen. Knoopig Zee-Ruy Houtt. 2. 284. F. caule compreffo, dichotomo, medio ramorum in veficulam dilatato. Fl. Lud. 5. 14. Neck. Meth. 17. Knoppetang, Fl. Dan. 159. Her- te Tang, Gunner. p. 83. Obtufus. App. Opuntia. p. 104. Oſmunda. Mondkraut-formiger Tang. Efp. Ic. 121, p. 46. xxxvi. Ovalis. See F. fedoides, p. 67. It is made a ſeparate Species, L. Tr. 3. 116. Pallefcens. p. 103. xxx. Sp. nov. Palmatus. p. 54. xxxvi. & App. Palmetta. p. 102. Palmetten Tang. Eſp. Ic. p. 84. . Fuco ramofo, membranaceo con foglie larg- he, nella ſommita ritonde, fimili alla lattuga marina. Ginanni, p. 20. Patens. App. Phyllitis. p. 33. Spec. nou. Pinnatifidus. p. 48. Plumofus. p. 105. Pedunculatus. p. 110. Polyſchides. p. 6. F. Bulbofus, Linn. Tr. xxi. xxxiv. Pinaſtroides. p.74. F. incuruus, Huds. Plicatus. p. 28. Verwickelter Tang. Eſp. Ic. p. 78. haar-for- xxii. xxxiv. miger, ſehr aftiger verwickelter, halb durch- ſichtiger Tang Purpurafcens. App. Pectinatus, Gunn. See F. plumofus. Pufillus. p. 16. Spec. nov. xxxiv. Radiatus. p. 89. Rotundus, Gmel. See F. radiatus? Rubens. F. rubens. Ner. Brit. p. 18. is F. finuofus, L. App. Tr. from the Linnean Herbarium, Rofeus, p. 94. xxix. + 1 Sanguineus, p. 20. Roſenfarbiger Tang Eſp. Ic. p. 79. mit hau- F. Serratus. p. 1. Sageformigge-zahnter Tang Eſp. Ic. 23. mit xx, xxxii. flachem, zweythellig, fageformmiggezahnten Blatt, und met knolligten Fruchtbehaltnitzea an dem endfpiffen. Zaagrandig Zee Ruy Houtt. 2. 278. F. fronde, oblonga, planâ, dentatâ, utrinque piliferà; tuberculis terminal. Neck. Meth. Bred Tang. Mohr. Isl. 238. Gunn. a8. Sedoides. F. uvarius. Eſp. Ic. from Jacq. Collectan. Siliquoſus. p. 8. Schotten-tragender Tang. Efp. Ic. 27. met p. 8. xxii, xxxiv. zuſammengedruckten aftigen Zweig : zwey- reihigen, wechſelweifen glattrandigen Blat- tern; und geſtielten, ablangrunden, ſteifgel- pitften Fructebehaltniffe. Peuldraagend Zee Ruy. Houtt. 285 Skaalme Tang Gunner, p. 83. Mohr. 10. 241. Siliculofus. p. 42. Spec. nov. Selaginoides. Referred to by Mefſrs. Goodenough and Wood- ward as an English Specimen, L. T. 3. 132. which appears to be F. ericoides, Sherardi. p. 72. Spec. nov. xxvii. Spiralis. p. 10. Schneckenformigre gewundener Tang Elp. Ic. xxii. xxxiv. mit flachem zweytheiligen, glattrandigen, puncttirten Blatt; und hockerichten Frucht behaltniffen. Gedraaid Zee-Ruy, Houtt. p. 283. Viir-tare Gunn. 2. p. 64. Sinuofus, p. 18. See Rubens, Ner. Brit. p. 18. xxiii. xxxiv. Stellatus. Var. of F. criſpus, p. 36. P. 53. xxxvi. Subfuſcus. App. XXXV. Teres. Tetragonus. See F. cfculentus. App. Tamariſcifolius, p. 44. F.ericoides, Linn. Tr. mit faden formi- gen, ſehr aftigen Stamm; zweytheiligen Aelten ; pfriemen formigen, abwechſeln den, an der Grundfläche blagten Blat- tern. F. felaginoides, Eſp. p. 89. Heybladig Zee Ruy Houtt. 293. 8. 24. Bulk Tang Gunner. 9d. Tomentofus. Eng. Bot. p. 21. xxii. xxviii. Tenuiffimus. App. Thrix, p. 69. xxxvii. Tuberculatus. App F. bifurcatus, Withering. 1 tigen ablangrunden, glattrandigen, geſtielten Blattern und gerundeten, aftigem ftamm. Bloed Keurig Zee-Ruy, Houtt. 2. p. 395. Bloföl--Oates fol Gunner. 2. 91. Saccharinus. p.31. Zuckertang. Efp. Ic. 52. mit einfachem ſchwertformigem Blatt, und einem gerundeten ſehr ſuikerig Tang met kurt- zem Stamen. Houtt. 2. 39. Soel Blad. Lang- foel Gunn. t. 7. f. 2. Veiculofus. p. 3 Blaſenreicher Tang-See Eiche; Zee Eichen xxxi. xxxiii. --Hoeter-Klöder---Slake -Suintang Knappetang Eſp, Ic. p. 33. mit flachem, zweytheiligen glattrandigen Blatt; paarweiſen in den Winkeln fto- henden luftblaſen. Blaazig Zee-Ruy, Houtt. p. 280. Mohr. Id. 238. Ginanni, p. 21. Verrucofus. p. 26. xxiii. Variabilis. Linn. Tr. F.fubfufcus in one of its ap- pearances, punctured by Inſects, Viridis. p. 112. xxvii. Undulatus. p. 103. xxix. Spec. nou. XXXV. 1 FINIS. OMITTED IN THE APPENDIX. FUCUS FÆNICUL ACEUS. Fronde filiformi, ramofiffima; ramis fub-dichotomis: foliis fub- ulatis æqualibus; veficulis oblongis, innatis, vel axillaribus, Herb. Linn.-Buddl. p. 15. n. 23.--Petiv. 34. n. 4,5.6.-Act. Gall. 1712.-L. Sp. Pl. 1629. F. concatenatus. Hudſ. 574.-Lightf. 923.-Velley. t. 2. f. 1. OBSERVATIONS. This Plant has been aſcertained by the Linnean Herbarium to be the true Fæniculaceus of that Author; Gmelin's F. fæniculaceus appears there as F. barbatus, and as fuch I have deſcribed and figured it, p. 83. F. concatenatus, Linn. is a Species not yet found on our Coaſt. I follow the Authority of Mellrs. Wood- WARD and GOODENOUGH, the former of which Gentlemen, as likewiſe my Friend Mr. TURNER, have ſeen the Specimen delineated in the Sheet abovementioned, the original being in the poſſeſſion of the LINNEAN SOCI- I fincerely hope the Deſcriptions and Drawings, which are to be met with in this work, will finally ſettle theſe Species, which are ſo nearly allied to each other in habit of growth. The oval veſicles, when innate and ſtrung on the Branches, and the triangular axillary ones, diftinguiſh this Fucus: they are filled with mucus, and have punctures for the diſcharge of the feed. Hab. The Specimen, from whence the Drawing was taken, was ſent me by Lady Eliz. Noel, to whom the Science of Botany owes many obligations. It was gathered near POOLE, DORSETSHIRE, and is plentiful along ETY , the Southern Coaſt. ERRATA, 7. Page 1. for amplectetur read amplectitur. XX. dele flagelliformis. xxiv for deſtinatis diftinctis ib. teriti tereti. racemoli racemofx. xxvili in the note è è è e, e, e. ib. propaginus propagines. xxxii quotes quote. F. veftculoſus, Pl. Ir. the Frond ſhould be punctured in the ſame manner as Pl. 1. F.rubens, Pl. vit. a, ſtem nat fize; b, magnified leaf with the fructified veſicles; d, ftem magnified with a ſimilar fructification. F. fanguineus, ib. a, b. laſt page, T. p. 30, being the laſt page of Faſc. I. F. tomentofus, ib. by an error of the Engraver it is drawn with black tubercles, and otherwiſe not fo downy and velvety as it ought to be for efundetur effunditur. 71 to F. ceranoides, Sherardi, Pinafroides. add Tab. xu. 75 for fecundis fecundis. 79 modo quidam modo quodam. 80 marginal magnified. 95 trunciated truncated. tabulatum tabula autem: ib. exacti 10 exacte. ib. (in a note) deſcriptis diſruptis. 106 referendi funt referendus eft. F. plumoſus, dele Tab. xvi. F. coccineus, id. F. dentatus, Pl. xv. c, fructified branch magnified; cs, a ſingle veſicle; d, a feed. F. rofeus, ib. g. a bit of the fructified fem; gg, ditto magnified; h, h, h, feminiferous veſicles. F. confervoides, ib. i, magnified bit; ii, magnified tubercles. F. longiffimus, Pl. xvi. c, an inflated velicle cut in two and magnified; , c, feeds; d, a tip with lateral cluſtered tubercles. F. gracilis, ib. f, f, fummits with tubercles magnified, F. pedunculatus, for Pl. XVII, r. Pl. xvi. N. I. The Binder will obſerve to put all the Preliminary Obſervations of the three Fafciculi, which are paged with Roman Numerals, in the beginning of the Volume : the Plates are to face the Pages, as follows, Pl. i. p. t. ll. p.4. ill. p. 6. iv. p. 8. v. p. 13. vi. p. 16. vil. p. 30. viii. p. 28.is. p. 34. *. p. 38. xi. p. 56. xii. p. 70. xiii. p. 78. xiv. p. 90. XV. p. 98. xvi. p. 106. xvii. P. ** COD Inc QWELL TIE VOLEM 3 3 3 SEKS C 22 > KO ਦੇ ਨ