THE END OF THE WORLD.-The date of the
end of the world is satisfactorily fixed for
the year 1886. There is an ancient prediction,
repeated by Nostradamus in his“Centuries,
which says that when St. George shall cru-
cify the Lord, when St. Mark shall raise
him, and St. John shall assist at his ascen-
sion, the end of the world shall come. In the
year 1886 it will happen that Good Friday
falls on St. George's day, Easter Sunday on
St. Mark's day, and Holy Thursday, or As-
cension day, will be also the feast of St. John
the Baptist=N. X Porto
A
89 8
ca
DR. A. ATKINSON'S
HEALING SALVE
-FOR-
old Sores, Cuts, Felons, Whitlows, Boils, Corns, &c., &c.
This Salve should be spread on lint, fine linen, or soft kid, and applied to the
afllieted part. Sores should be washed with Castile soapsuds, and dried well
previous to applying the Salve. When there is much inflammation, Slip-
pery
Elm or Flaxseed poultice should be applied at night, and the salve resumed
during the day. When the sores or ulcers arise from impurity of the blood, Dr.
A. Atkinson's Diluent Alterative Purifier is the best medicine to be used; it re-
moves the cause of the difficulty, and causes the sores to heal from the bottom,
thus performing a radical cure.
PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.
Prepared and Sold by DR. A. ATKINSON, 230 Greenwich Street, between Barclay
and Robinson Streets, New York.
que
BOGO OSO 20
DR. A. ATKINSON'S
DISCUTIENT OINTMENT
MYCOLOGICAL LIBRARY
AND-COLLECTIONS.GIFT OF
W HOWARD:A.KELLY M.D.
A LOCAL APPLICATION,
---FOR-
Swellings, Lumps, Tumors, Caked Breasts, Stiff Joints, etc.
w
فلومتر
omtathas
.
3.
am
DIRECTIONS.
Wash the part with Castile soapsuds, night and morning, and apply the oint-
ment from three to six times per day. It should be rubbed in well but not
rudely. In applying it to ladies' breasts care should be taken not to press on or
rub too hard. When the breast is very hard and painful a piece of soft linen
large enough to cover it, with a small hole cut in the centre to let the nipple
through, should be spread with the ointment and applied to the part.
When
this ointment is resorted to in the early stages of caked breasts it is almost
certain to prevent ulceration.
TO THE UNIVERSITY HER-
BARIUM OF THEUNIVERSI-
TY OFMICHIGAN: 1928.
T.C.C.K.fec.
PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.
Prepared and Sold by DR. A. ATKINSON, No. 230 Greenwich St., between Barclay
and Robinson Street, New York.
33. Sa
al

Museums!
of
cabocora
oc
QK
99
Ca8
7832
DR. A. ATKINSON'S
PILE OINTMENT
Cleanse the part with Soapsuds, wipe dry, and apply the
Ointment with the finger.
THIS APPLICATION SHOULD BE RENEWED THREE OR FOUR TIMES
PER DAY.
In distressing cases where the inflammation is very great, a poultice of flax seed or
slippery elm should be applied to the part at night. If the bowels are costive, some
gentle opening medicine should be used. In chronic cases, Atkinson's Diluent Altera-
tive Purifier is the best internal medicine that can be taken.
Prepared and Sold by Dr. ASHER ATKINSON, 230 Greenwich St.,
Between Barclay and Robinson Streets, N. Y.
ana
DONO
DR. A. ATKINSON'S
ERYSIPELAS OINTMENT
J
A LOCAL APPLICATION,
--FOR-
Erysipelas, Salt Rheum, Tetter, Itch, Sore Lips, Nose, or
Eye-Lids.
UNIL
OF
olw
DIRECTIONS.—In Cutaneous Eruptions, appy six or eight times per day with the finger,
or spread the ointment on soft linen rags, and apply to the part, renewing them three or four
times per day. For Sore Lips, Nose, or Eye-Lids, this Ointment is one of the best remedies
ever introduced. In cases of Chronic Erysipelas, or skin disease of any kind, ATKINSON'S DILU-
ENT ALTERATIVE PURIFIER should be used to purify the blood and eradicate the disease from
the system. Occasionally there are cases of Cutaneous Eruptions that will not admit of any
greasy application, in such cases we use the Cutaneous Wash.
PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.
Prepared and Sold by DR. ASHER ATKINSON, 230 GREENWICH STEEET, between
Barclay and Robinson Street.
D3 DDBRAIDDDDDDDaal

Harry M. Jarrett - MAY XXVI 1882
CULPEPER, M.D.
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THE
COMPLETE HERBAL,
TO WHICH IS NOW ADDED, UPWARDS OF
ONE HUNDRED ADDITONAL HERBS,
WITH A DISPLAY OF THEIR
Medicinal and Occult Qualities:
PHYSICALLY APPLIED TO
THE CURE OF ALL DISORDERS INCIDENT TO MANKIND:
TO WHICH ARE NOW FIRST ANNEXED, THE
ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED,
AND
KEY TO PHYSIC, ,
WITH
RULES FORCOMPOUNDING MEDICINE ACCORDING TO THE TRUE SYSTEM OF NATURE.
FORMING A COMPLETE
FAMILY DISPENSATORY, AND NATURAL SYSTEM OF PHYSIC.
BY NICHOLAS CULPEPER, M.D.
TO WHICH IS ALSO ADDED
UPWARDS OF FIFTY CHOICE RECEIPTS,
SELECTED FROM THE AUTHOR'S LAST LEGACY TO HIS WIFE.
A NEW EDITION,
WITH A LIST OF TH PRINCIPAL DISEASES TO WHICH THE HUMAN BODY IS LIABLE,
AND A GENERAL INDEX.
Illustrated by Ingravings of numerous British Herbs and Plants, correctly coloured from Nature.
** The Lord hath created Medicines out of the Earth ; and he that is wise will not abhor them.”—Ecc. xxxviii. 4.
LONDON:
THOMAS KELLY, 17, PATERNOSTER ROW.
MDCCCXXXV.

Printed by J. Haddon, Castle Street, Finsbury.

condotto
mieuws 5-87-1939
CULPEPER’s
bazloga
O ERADI EPISTLE TO THE READER,
acolo
borgo Den
TAKE Notice, That in this Edition I have made very many Additions to every
sheet in the book: and, also, that those books of mine that are printed of that
Letter the small Bibles are printed with, are very falsely printed; there being twenty
or thirty gross mistakes in every sheet, many of them such as are exceedingly dan-
gerous to such as shall venture to use them: And therefore I do warn the Public of
them: I can do no more at present; only take notice of these Directions by which
shall be sure to know the Prue one from the False.bloon se od sro
The first Direction.—The true one hath this Title over the head of every Book, THE
COMPLETE HERBAL AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED. The small Counter-
feit ones have only this Title, The ENGLISI PHYSICIAN. torneos do
The second Direction. The true one hath these words, GOVERNMENT AND VIR-
TUES, following the time of the Plants flowering, &c. The counterfeit small ones
have these Words, VIRTUES AND USE, following the time of the Plants flowering.
The third Direction.—The true one is of a larger Letter than the counterfeit ones,
which are in Twelves, &c. of the Letter small Bibles used to be printed on. I shall
now speak something of the book itself.
All other Authors that have written of the nature of Herbs, give not a bit of
reason wliy such an Herb was appropriated to such a part of the body, nor why it
cured such a disease. Truly my own body being sickly, brought me easily into a
capacity, to know that health was the greatest of all earthly blessings, and truly he
was never sick that doth not believe it. Then I considered that all medicines were
compounded of Herbs, Roots, Flowers, Seeds, &c. and this first set me to work in
studying the nature of Simples, most of which I knew by sight before; and indeed
all the Authors I could read gave me but little satisfaction in this particular, or none
at all. I cannot build my faith upon Authors' words, nor believe a thing because
they say it, and could wish every body were of my mind in this,-to labour to be
able to give a reason for every thing they say or do: They say Reason makes a
man differ from a Beast; if that be true, pray what are they that, instead of reason
for their judgment, quote old Authors? Perhaps their authors knew a reason for
what they wrote, perhaps they did not; what is that to us? Do we know it? Truly,
in writing this work first, to satisfy myself, I drew out all the virtues of the vulgar
Lietojoties ar noch betala
od ilojen liste od

iv
EPISTLE TO THE READER.
or common Herbs, Plants, and Trees, &c. out of the best, or most approved authors
I had, or could get; and having done so, I set myself to study the reason of them.
I knew well enough the whole world, and every thing in it, was formed of a compo-
sition of contrary elements, and in such a harmony as must needs shew the wisdom
and power of a great God. I knew as well this Creation, though thus composed of
contraries, was one united body, and man an epitome of it: I knew those various
affections in man, in respect of sickness and health, were caused naturally (though
God may have other ends best known to himself) by the various operations of the
Microcosm; and I could not be ignorant, that as the cause is, so must the cure be;
and therefore he that would know the reason of the operation of the Herbs, must
look up as high as the Stars, astrologically. I always found the disease vary accord-
ing to the various motions of the Stars; and this is enough, one would think, to
teach a man by the effect where the cause lies. Then to find out the reason of the
operation of Herbs, Plants, &c. by the Stars went I; and herein. I could find but
few authors, but those as full of nonsense and contradiction as an egg is full of meat.
This not being pleasing, and less profitable to me, I consulted with my two brothers,
Dr. REASON and Dr. EXPERIENCE, and took a voyage to visit my mother
NATURE, by whose advice, together with the help of Dr. DILIGENCE, I at last ob-
tained my desire; and, being warned by Mr. HONESTY, a stranger in our days, to
publish it to the world, I have done it,
But you will say, What need I have written on this Subject, seeing so many famous
and learned men have written so much of it in the English Tongue, much more than I have
done ?
To this I answer, neither GERRARD nor PARKINSON, or any that ever wrote in
the like nature, ever gave one wise reason for what they wrote, and so did nothing
else but train up young novices in Physic in the School of tradition, and teach them
just as a parrot is taught to speak; an Author says so, therefore it is true; and if all
that Authors say be true, why do they contradict one another? But in mine, if you
view it with the eye of reason, you shall see a reason for every thing that is written,
whereby you may find the very ground and foundation of Physic; you may know
what you do, and wherefore you do it; and this shall call me Father, it being (that
I know of) never done in the world before.
I have now but too things to write, and then I have done.
1. What the profit and benefit of this Work is.
2. Instructions in the use of it.
1. The profit and benefits arising from it, or that may occur to a wise man from
it, are many; so many that should I sum up all the particulars, my Epistle would be as
big as the Book; I shall quote some few general heads.

EPISTLE TOT THE READER.
V
First, The admirable Harmony of the Creation is herein seen, in the influence of
Stars upon Herbs and the Body of Man, how one part of the Creation is subservient
to another, and all for the use of Man, wherebyi the infinite power and wisdom of God
in the Creation appears; and if I do not admire at the simplicity of the Ranters, never
trust me; who but viewing the Creation can hold such a sottish opinion, as that it was
from eternity, when the mysteries of it are so clear to every eye? but that Scripture
shall be verified to them, Rom. i. 20. “ The invisible things of him from the Creation of
" the World are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his Eternal
“ Power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse.”—And a Poet could teach them a
better lesson ;
66 Because out of thy thoughts God shall not pass,
“ His image stamped is on every grass."
This indeed is true, God has stamped his image on every creature, and therefore
the abuse of the creature is a great sin; but how much the more doth the wisdom and
excellency of God appear, if we consider the harmony of the Creation in the virtue
and operation of every Herbergh
Secondly, Hereby you may know what infinite knowledge Adam had in his inno-
cence, that by looking upon a creature, he was able to give it a name according to its
nature; and by knowing that, thou mayest know how great thy fall was, and be hum-
commoS DE
bled for it even in this respect, because hereby thou art so ignorant.
Thirdly, Here is the right way for thee to begin the study of Physic, if thou art
minded to begin at the right end, for here thou hast the reason of the whole art. I wrote
before in certain Astrological Lectures, which I read, and printed, intituled, Astrolo-
gical Judgment of Diseases, what planet caused (as a second cause) every disease, how
it might be found out what planet caused it; there thou hast whati planet ouwes it by
Sympathy and Antipathy; and this brings me to my last promises viz. js od 29ibusa bore
I di Instructions for the right use of the book. bos slin 150 vmi low
And herein let me premise a word or two, the Herbs, Plants, &c. are now in the
book appropriated to their proper planets. Therefore,
First, Consider what planet causeth the disease; that thou mayest find in my
aforesaid Judgment of Diseases.
Secondly, Consider what part of the body is afflicted by the disease, and whether
it lies in the flesh, or blood, or bones, or ventricles.
Thirdly, Consider by what planet the afflicted part of the body is governed : that
my 'Judgment of Diseases will inform you also.
Fourthly, You may oppose diseases by Herbs of the planet, opposite to the
planet that causes them: as diseases of Jupiter by Herbs of Mercury, and the contrary;
(1.)
B

vi
EPISTLE TO THE READER.
diseases of the Luminaries by Herbs of Saturn, and the contrary; diseases of Mars by
Herbs of Venus, and the contrary.
30 Fifthly, There is a way to cure diseases sometimes by Sympathy, and so every
planet cures his own disease; as the Sun and Moon by their Herbs cure the Eyes, Sa-
turn the Spleen, Jupiter the Liver, Mars the Gall and diseases of choler, and Venus dis-
eases in the instruments of Generation.
From my House in Spitalfields,
NICH. CULPEPER.
next door to the Red Lion,
September 5, 1653.
wania na tisortissant de
TO HIS DEAR CONSORT,
MRS. ALICE CULPEPER.
MY DEAREST,
THE works that I have published to the world (though envied by some illiterate
physicians) have merited such just applause, that thou mayest be confident in proceed-
ing to publish any thing I leave thee, especially this master-piece; assuring my friends
and countrymen, that they will receive as much benefit by this, as by my Dispensatory,
and that incomparable piece, called, Semiotica Uranica enlarged, and English Physician.
These are the choicest secrets, which I had many years locked up in my own
breast. I gained them by my constant practice, and by them I maintained a continual
reputation in the world, and I doubt not but the world will honour thee for di, ulging
them; and my fame shall continue and increase thereby, though the period of my Life
and Studies be at hand, and I must now bid all things under the sun farewell: fare-
well my dear wife and child ; farewell Arts and Sciences, which I so dearly loved ;
farewell all worldly glories, adieu readers.
Nicholas Culpeper.
. to
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ENGLISH PHYSICIAN
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Fem ser toitlyi) boow
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TO LOS Joods to
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green colour; the flowers are of a purple
colour, or of a perfect blue, like to violets,
CONSIDERING divers shires in this na- and they stand many of them together in
tion give divers names to one and the knots: the berries are green at first, but
same herb, and that the common name when they are ripe they are very red ; if
which it bears in one county, is not known you taste them, you shall find them just as
in another; I shall take the pains to set the crabs which we in Sussex call Bitter-
down all the names that I know of each sweet, viz. sweet at first and bitter after-
herb: pardon me for setting that name first, } wards.
which is most common to myself. Besides Place.] They grow commonly almost
Amara Dulcis, some call it Mortal, others throughout England, especially in moist
Bitter-sweet; some Woody Night-shade, and shady places.
and others Felon-wort.
Time.]
The leaves shoot out about the
Descript.] It grows up with woody stalks į latter end of March, if the temperature of
even to a man's height, and sometimes the air be ordinary; it flowers in July, and
higher. The leaves fall off at the approach of the seeds are ripe soon after, usually in the
winter, and spring out of the same stalk at next month.
spring-time: the branch is compassed about Government and virtues.] It is under the
with a whitish bark, and has a pith in the planet Mercury, and a notable herb of his
middle of it: the main branch branches also, if it be rightly gathered under his in-
itself into many small ones with claspers, fluence. It is excellently good to remove
laying hold on what is next to them, as witchcraft both in men and beasts, as also
vines do: it bears many leaves, they grow all sudden diseases whatsoever. Being tied
in no order at all, at least in no regular round about the neck, is one of the most ad-
order: the leaves are longish, though some-mirable remedies for the vertigo or dizziness
what broad, and pointed at the ends: many in the head ; and that is the reason (as
of them have two little leaves growing at the Tragus saith) the people in Germany com-
end of their foot stalk; some have but one, įmonly hang it about their cattle's necks,
and some none. The leaves are of a pale when they fear any such evil hath betided

2
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
them: Country people commonly take the they are something hairy, each leaf con-
berries of it, and having bruised them, ap- sisting of five or six pair of such wings set
ply them to felons, and thereby soon rid one against the other upon foot-stalks, broad
their fingers of such troublesome guests. below, but narrow towards the end ; one of
We have now shewed you the external the leaves is a little deeper at the bottom
use of the herb; we shall speak a word or than the other, of a fair yellowish fresh
two of the internal, and so conclude. Take green colour: they are of a bitterish taste,
notice, it is a Mercurial herb, and there- being chewed in the mouth; from among
fore of very subtile parts, as indeed all these rises up a stalk, green in colour,
Mercurial plants are; therefore take a round in form, great and strong in magni-
pound of the wood and leaves together, tude, five or six feet in altitude, with many
bruise the wood (which you may easily do, joints, and some leaves thereat; towards the
for it is not so hard as oak) then put it in top come forth umbels of small yellow
a pot, and put to it three pints of white flowers, after which are passed away, you
wine, put on the pot-lid and shut it close; may find whitish, yellow, short, flat seeds,
and let it infuse hot over a gentle fire twelve, bitter also in taste.
hours, then strain it out, so have you a Place.] Having given you a description
most excellent drink to open obstructions of the herb from bottom to top; give me
of the liver and spleen, to help difficulty leave to tell you, that there are other herbs
of breath, bruises and falls, and congealed called by this name; but because they are
blood in any part of the body, it helps the strangers in England, I give only the des-
yellow-jaundice, the dropsy and blackcription of this, which is easily to be had
jaundice, and to cleanse women newly in the gardens of divers places.
brought to bed. You may drink a quarter Time.] Although Gerrard saith, that they
of a pint of the infusion every morning, flower from the beginning of May to the
It purges the body very gently, and not ſend of December, experience teaches them
churlishly as some hold. And when you that keep it in their gardens, that it flowers
find good by this, remember me.
not till the latter end of the Summer, and
They that think the use of these medi- sheds its seed presently after.
eines is too brief, it is only for the cheap- Government and virtues.] It is under the
ness of the book; let them read those books š dominion of Mars, hot, biting, and choleric;
of mine, of the last edition, viz. Reverius, and remedies what evils Mars inflicts the
Veslingus, Riolanus, Johnson, Sennertus, and body of man with, by sympathy, as vipers'
Physic for the Poor
flesh attracts poison, and the loadstone
It kills the worms, helps the gout,
Sai ALL-HEAL.
cramp, and convulsions, provokes urine,
It is called All-heal, Hercules's All-heal, and helps all joint-aches. It helps all cold
and Hercules's Wound-wort, because it is griefs of the head, the vertigo, falling-sick-
supposed that Hercules learned the herb {ness, the lethargy, the wind cholic, obstruc-
and its virtues from Chiron, when he learn- tions of the liver and spleen, stone in the
ed physic of him. Some call it Panay, kidneys and bladder. It provokes the
and others Opopane-wort.
terms, expels the dead birth: it is excellent,
Descript.] Its root is long, thick, and ex- good for the griefs of the sinews, itch, stone,
ceeding full of juice, of a hot and biting and tooth-ache, the biting of mad dogs and
taste, the leaves are great and large, and venomous beasts, and purges choler very
winged almost like ash-tree leaves, but that {gently.
iron.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
3
ALKANET.
drank, strengthens the back, and eases the
pains thereof: It helps bruises and falls, and
BESIDES the common name, it is called is as gallant a remedy to drive out the
Orchanet, and Spanish Bugloss, and by {small pox and measles as any is; an oint-
apothecaries, Enchusa.
ment made of it, is excellent for
green
Descript.] Of the many sorts of this herb, { wounds, pricks or thursts.
but one known grow commonly
in this nation ; of which one take this de- ADDER’S TONGUE, OR SERPENT'S TONGUE.
scription: It hath a great and thick root, of Descript.] This herb has but one leaf,
a reddish colour, long, narrow, hairy leaves, which grows with the stalk a finger's length
green like the leaves of Bugloss, which lie above the ground, being flat and of a fresh
very thick upon the ground; the stalks rise green colour; broad like Water Plantain,
up compassed round about, thick with but less, without any rib in it; from the
leaves, which are less and narrower than bottom of which leaf, on the inside, rises
the former; they are tender, and slender, { up (ordinarily) one, sometimes two or three
the flowers are hollow, small, and of a red- į slender stalks, the upper half whereof is
dish colour.
somewhat bigger, and dented with small
Place.] It grows in Kent near Rochester, } dents of a yellowish green colour, like the
and in many places in the West Country, {tongue of an adder serpent (only this is as
both in Devonshire and Cornwall.
useful as they are formidable.) The roots
Time.] They flower in July, and the be- continue all the year.
ginning of August, and the seed is ripe Place.] It grows in moist meadows, and
soon after, but the root is in its prime, as such like places.
carrots and parsnips are, before the herb Time.] It is to be found in May or April,
runs up to stalk.
for it quickly perishes with a little heat.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb un- Government and virtues.] It is an herb
der the dominion of Venus, and indeed one under the dominion of the Moon and Can-
of her darlings, though somewhat hard to cer, and therefore if the weakness of the
come by. It helps old ulcers, lot inflam- retentive faculty be caused by an evil in-
mations, burnings by common fire, and St.fluence of Saturn in any part of the body
Anthony's fire, by antipathy to Mars; for governed by the Moon, or under the domi-
these uses, your best way is to make it into nion of Cancer, this herb cures it by sym-
an ointment; also, if you make a vinegar įpathy: It cures these diseases after specified,
of it, as you make vinegar of roses, it helps in any part of the body under the influence
the morphew and leprosy; if you apply the of Saturn, by antipathy.
herb to the privities, it draws forth the dead It is temperate in respect of heat, but
child. It helps the yellow jaundice, spleen, dry in the second degree. The juice of the
aild gravel in the kidneys. Dioscorides, leaves drank with the distilled water of
saith, it helps such as are bitten by a veno- Horse-tail, is a singular remedy for all man-
mous beast, whether it be taken inwardly, jner of wounds in the breast, bowels, or
or applied to the wound; nay, he saith fur- other parts of the body, and is given with
ther, if any one that hath newly eaten it, good success to those that are troubled
do but spit into the mouth of a serpent, the with casting, vomiting, or bleeding at the
serpent instantly dies. It stays the flux of mouth or nose, or otherwise downwards,
the belly, kills worms, helps the fits of the The said juice given in the distilled water
mother. Its decoction made in wine, and of Oaken-buds, is very good for women who
و
(1.)

4
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
have their usual courses, or the whites flow- At the top thereof grow many small yellow
ing down too abundantly. It helps soreeyes, flowers, one above another, in long spikes ·
of the leaves infused or boiled in oil, om- after which come rough heads of seed, hang-
phacine or unripe olives, set in the sun four ing downwards, which will cleave to and
certain days, or the green leaves sufficiently stick upon garments, or any thing that shall
boiled in the said oil, is made an excellent rub against them. The knot is black, long,
green balsam, not only for green and fresh {and somewhat woody, abiding many years,
wounds, but also for old and inveterate ulcers, and shooting afresh every Spring; which
especially if a little fine clear turpentine beroot, though small, hath a reasonable good
dissolved therein. It also stays and re- scent.
freshes all inflammations that arise upon Place.] It grows upon banks, near the
pains by hurts and wounds.
sides of hedges
What parts of the body are under each Time.] It flowers in July and Angust, the
planet and sign, and also what disease may seed being ripe shortly after.
be found in my astrological judgment of Government and virtues.] It is an herb
diseases; and for the internal work of nature under Jupiter, and the sign Cancer; and
in the body of man; as vital, animal, natural strengthens those parts under the planet
and procreative spirits of man ; the appre- and sign, and removes diseases in them by
hension, judgment, memory; the external sympathy, and those under Saturn, Mars
senses, viz. Seeing, hearing, smelling, tast- and Mercury by antipathy, if they happen
ing and feeling; the virtuous, attractive, in any part of the body governed by Jupi-
retentive, digestive, expulsive, &c. under įter, or under the signs Cancer, Sagitarius or
the dominion of what planets they are, may Pisces, and therefore must needs be good
be found in my Ephemeris for the year 1651. for the gout, either used outwardly in oil or
In both which you shall find the chaff of ointment, or inwardly in an electuary, or
authors blown away by the fame of Dr. syrup, or concerted juice: for which see the
Reason, and nothing but rational truths left latter end of this book.
for the ingenious to feed upon
It is of a cleansing and cutting faculty
Lastly. To avoid blotting paper with one without any manifest heat, moderately
thing many times, and also to ease your drying and binding. It opens and clean-
purses in the price of the book, and withal {ses the liver, helps the jaundice, and is
to make you studious in physic; you have very beneficial to the bowels, healing all
at the latter end of the book, the way of inward wounds, bruises, hurts, and other
preserving all herbs either in juice, con- distempers. The decoction of the herb
serve, oil, ointment or plaister, electuary, made with wine, and drank, is good against
pills, or troches.
the biting and stinging of serpents, and
helps them that make foul, troubled or
bloody water,
Descript.] This has divers long leaves This herb also helps the cholic, cleanses
(some greater, some smaller) set upon a the breast, and rids away the cough
stalk, all of them dented about the edges, A draught of the decoction taken warm be-
green above, and greyish underneath, and } fore the fit, first removes, and in time rids
a little hairy withal. Among which arises away the tertain or quartan agues. The
up usually but one strong, round, hairy, leaves and seeds taken in wine, stays the
brown stalk, two or three feet high, with bloody flux; outwardly applied, being
smaller leaves set here and there upon it. stamped with old swines' grease, it helps
AGRIMONY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
5
old sores, cancers, and inveterate ulcers, and therefore they are not so frequently found
draws forth thorns and splinters of wood, in the southern parts of England as in the
nails, or any other such things gotten in the northern, where they grow frequently: You
flesh. It helps to strengthen the members may look for them in cold grounds, by pond
that be out of joint: and being bruised and žand ditches' sides, and also by running
applied, or the juice dropped in it, helps waters; sometimes you shall find them grow
foul and imposthumed ears.
in the midst of waters.
The distilled water of the herb is good Time.] They all flower in July or August,
to all the said purposes, either inward o, and the seed is ripe presently after.
outward, but a great deal weaker.
Government and virtues.] It is a plant of
It is a most admirable remedy for such Jupiter, as well as the other Agrimony, only
wnose livers are annoyed either by heat or this belongs to the celestial sign Cancer.
cold. The liver is the former of blood, and ? It heals and dries, cuts and cleanses
blood the nourisher of the body, and Agri- thick and tough humours of the breast, and
mony a strengthener of the liver.
for this I hold it inferior to but few herbs
I cannot stand to give you a reason in that grow. It helps the cachexia or evil
every herb why it cures such diseases; but disposition of the body, the dropsy and
if you please to pursue my judgment in yellow-jaundice. It opens obstructions of
the herb Worrnwood, you shall find them the liver, mollifies the hardness of the spleen,
there, and it will be well worth your while being applied outwardly. It breaks impost-
to consider it in every herb, you shall find humes away inwardly : It is an excellent
them true throughout the book.
remedy for the third day ague. It provokes
urine and the terms; it kills worms, and
cleanses the body of sharp humours, which
It is called in some countries, Water are the cause of itch and scabs; the herb
Hemp, Bastard Hemp, and Bastard Agri-being burnt, the smoke thereof drives away
mony, Eupatorium, and Hepatorium, be-, flies, wasps, &c. It strengthens the lungs
cause it strengthens the liver,
exceedingly. Country people give it to
Descript.] The root continues a long time, their cattle when they are troubled with the
having many long slender strings. The cough, or broken-winded.
stalk grows up about two feet high, some-
times higher. They are of a dark purple
colour. The branches are many, growing SEVERAL counties give it different names,
at distances the one from the other, the one so that there is scarcely an herb growing of
from the one side of the stalk, the other that bigness that has got so many: It is
from the opposite point. The leaves are called Cats-foot, Ground-ivy, Gill-go by-
winged, and much indented at the edges. ground, and Gill-creep-by-ground, Tuin-
The flowers grow at the top of the branches, hoof, Hayınaids, and Alehoof.
of a brown yellow colour, spotted with | Descript.] This well known herb lies,
black spots, having a substance within spreads and creeps upon the ground,
the midst of them like that of a Daisy: If shoots forth roots, at the corners of tendet
you rub them between your fingers, they jointed stalks, set with two round leaves ar
smell like rosin or cedar when it is burnt. every joint somewhat hairy, crumpled and
The seeds are long, and easily stick to any unevenly dented about the edges with round
woollen thing they touch.
dents; at the joints likewise, with the leaves
Place.] They delight not in heat, and towards the end of the branches, come forth
WATER AGRIMONY.
ALEHOOF, OR GROUND-IVY.

6
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
ALEXANDER.
nollow, long flowers, of a blueish purple out in any part of the body. The juice of
colour, with small white spots upon the lips Celandine, Field-daisies, and Ground-ivy
that hang down. The root is small with clarified, and a little fine sugar dissolved
strings.
therein, and dropped into the eyes, is a
Place.] It is comm
It is commonly found under sovereign remedy for all pains, redness, and
hedges, and on the sides of ditches, under watering of them; as also for the pin and
houses, or in shadowed lanes, and other web, skins and films growing over the sight;
waste grounds, in almost every part of this it helps beasts as well as men.
The juice
land.
dropped into the ears, wonderfully helps
Time.] They flower somewhat early, and the noise and singing of them, and helps the
abide a great while; the leaves continue hearing which is decayed. It is good to
green until Winter, and sometimes abide, {tun up with new drink, for it will clarify it
except the Winter be very sharp and cold. in a night, that it will be the fitter to be
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of drank the next morning; or if any drink
Venus, and therefore cures the diseases she be thick with removing, or any other acci-
causes by sympathy, and those of Mars by dent, it will do the like in a few hours
antipathy; you may usually find it all the
year long except the year be extremely
frosty; it is quick, sharp, and bitter in taste, It is called Alisander, Horse-parsley, and
and is thereby found to be hot and dry; a Wild-parsley, and the Black Pot-herb; the
singular herb for all inward wounds, exul- seed of it is that which is usually sold in
cerated lungs, or other parts, either by itself, j apothecaries' shops for Macedonion Pars-
or boiled with other the like herbs; and } ley-seed.
being drank, in a short time it eases all Descript.] It is usually sown in all the
griping pains, windy and choleric humours į gardens in Europe, and so well known, that
in the stomach, spleen or belly; helps the it needs no farther description.
yellow jaundice, by opening the stoppings Time.] It flowers in June and July; the
of the gall and liver, and melancholy, by seed is ripe in August.
opening the stoppings of the spleen ; ex- Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
pels venom or poison, and also the plague;}Jupiter, and therefore friendly to nature,
it provokes urine and women's courses; the for it warms a cold stomach, and opens
decoction of it in wine drank for some time a stoppage of the liver and spleen; it is good
together, procures ease to them that are to move womens' courses, to expel the after-
troubled with the sciatica, or hip-gout: as birth, to break wind, to provoke urine and
also the gout in hands, knees, or feet; if helps the stranguary; and these things the
you put to the decoction some honey and į seeds will do likewise. If either of them
a little burnt allum, it is excellently good to be boiled in wine, or being bruised and
gargle any sore mouth or throat, and to taken in wine, is also effectual against the
wash the sores and ulcers in the privy parts biting of serpents. And you know what
of man or wornan ; it speedily helps green Alexander pottage is good for, that you
wounds, being bruised and bound thereto. may no longer eat it out of ignorance but
The juice of it boiled with a little honey out of knowledge.
and verdigrease, doth wonderfully cleanse
fistulas, ulcers, and stays the spreading or
eating of cancers and ulcers; it helps Descript.] This tree seldom grows to
the itch, scabs, wheals, and other breakings'any great bigness, but for the most part
THE BLACK ALDER-TREE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
多
​abideth like a hedge-bush, or a tree spread- to be understood that these things are per-
ing its branches, the woods of the body being formed by the dried bark; for the fresh
white, and a dark red colet or heart; the green bark taken inwardly provokes strong
outward bark is of a blackish colour, with } vomitings, pains in the stomach, and grip-
many whitish spots therein ; but the inner } ings in the belly ; yet if the decoction inay
bark next the wood is yellow, which being stand and settle two or three days, until the
chewed, will turn the spittle near into a saf- } yellow colour be changed black, it will not
fron colour. The leaves are somewhat like work so strongly as before, but will strengthen
those of an ordinary Alder-treet or the the stomach, and procure an appetite to
Female Cornet, or Dogberry-tree, called in meat. The outward bark contrariwise doth
Sussex Dog-wood, but blacker, and not so bind the body, and is helpful for all lasks
long. The flowers are white, coming forth į and fluxes thereof, but this also must be
with the leaves at the joints, which turn into dried first, whereby it will work the better.
small round berries, first green, afterwards ș The inner bark thercof boiled in vinegar is
red, but blackish when they are thoroughịan approved remedy to kill lice, to cure the
ripe, divided, as it were, into two parts, itch, and take away scabs, by drying them
wherein is contained two small round and up in a short time. It is singularly good to
Aat seeds. The root runneth not deep into į wash the teeth, to take away the pains, to
the ground, but spreads rather under the fasten those that are loose, to cleanse them,
upper crust of the earth.
and to keep them sound. The leaves are
Place.] This tree or shrub may be found good fodder for kine, to make them give
plentifully in St. John's wood by Hornsey, { more milk.
and the woods upon Hampstead-Heath; as If in the Spring-time you use the herbs
also a wood called the Old Park in Bar- before mentioned, and will take but a hand-
comb in Essex, near the brook's sides. ful of each of them, and to them add an
Time.] It flowers in May, and the berries handful of Elder buds, and having bruised
are ripe in September.
them all, boil them in a gallon of ordinary
Government and virtues.] It is a tree of beer, when it is new; and having boiled
Venus, and perhaps under the celestial sign them half an hour, add to this three gallons
Cancer. The inner yellow bark hereof} more, and let them work together, and drink
purges downwards both choler and phlegm, a draught of it every morning, half a pint
and the watery humours of such that have wr thereabouts ; it is an excellent purge for
the dropsy, and strengthens theinward parts the Spring, to consume the phlegmatic
again by binding. If the bark hereof bequality the Winter hath left behind it, and
boiled with Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder, { withal to keep your body in health, and
Hops and some Fennel, with Smallage, { consume those evil humours which the heat
Endive, and Succory-roots, and a reason-} of Summer will readily stir up. Esteem it
able draught taken every morning for some as a jewel.
time together, it is very effectual against
the jaundice, dropsy,and the evil disposition,
of the body, especially if some suitable Descript.] This grows to a reasonable
purging medicines have been taken before, { height, and spreads much if it like the place.
to void the grosser excrements : It purges It is so generally known to country people,
and strengthens the liver and spleen, that I conceive it needless to tell that which
cleansing them from such evil humours and is no news.
hardness as they are afflicted with. It is Place and Time.] It delights to grow in
THE COMMON ALDER-TREE.
(2.)

OKTOR THE COMPLETE HERBAL
8
same manner.
ke use of the
moist woods, and watry places; flowering three colours. And a certain ointment, an
in April or May, and yielding ripe seed in ointment of the Apostles, because it consists
September.
of twelve ingredients : Alas, I am sorry for
Government and virtues.] It is a tree under their folly, and grieved at their blasphemy,
the dominion of Venus, and of some watry God send them wisdom the rest of their
sign or other, I suppose Pisces; and there- age, for they have their share of igno-
fore the decoction, or dist:Hled water of the įrance already. Oh! Why must ours be
leaves, is excellent against burnings and in- blasphemous, because the Heathens and
flammations, either with wounds or without, } infidels were idolatrous ? Certainly they
to bathe the place grieved with, and espe- } have read so much in old rusty authors, that
cially for that inflammation in the breast, \ they have lost all their divinity; for unless
which the vulgar call an ague.
it were amongst the Ranters, I never read
If you cannot get the leaves (as in Winter or heard of such blasphemy. The Heathens
it is impossible) make use of the bark in the and infidels were bad, and ours worse; the
idolators give idolatrous names to herbs for
The leaves and bark of the Alder-tree are their virtues sake, not for their fair looks;
cooling, drying, and binding. The fresh į and therefore some called this an herb of
leaves laid upon swellings dissolve them, { the Holy Ghost; others more moderate call-
and stay the inflammations. The leaves ed it Angelica, because of its angelical
put under the bare feet galled with travell- { virtues and that name it retains still, and al.
ing, are a great refreshing to them. The nations follow it so near as their dialect will
said leaves gathered while the morning dew permit.
is on them, and brought into a chamber Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
troubled with fleas, will gather them there- the Sun in Leo; let it be gathered when he
unto, which being suddenly cast out, will } is there, the Moon applying to his good as-
rid the chamber of those troublesome bed-pect; let it be gathered either in his hour,
fellows.
or in the hour of Jupiter, let Sol be angu-
lar; observe the like in gathering the herbs,
of other planets, and you may happen to
To write a description of that which is do wonders. In all epidemical diseases
so well known to be growing almost in every caused by Saturn, that is as good a preser-
garden, I suppose is altogether needless ; } vative as grows: It resists poison, by de-
yet for its virtue it is of admirable use. fending and comforting the heart, blood,
in time of Heathenism, when men had } and spirits; it doth the like against the
found out any excellent herb, they dedicated plague and all epidemical diseases, if the
it to their gods; as the Bay-tree to Apollo, root be taken in powder to the weight of
the Oak to Jupiter, the Vine to Bacchus, the half a dram at a time, with some good trea-
Poplar to. Hercules. These the idolators cle in Carduus water, and the party there-
following as the Patriarchs they dedicate to upon laid to sweat in his bed ; if treacle be
their 'Saints; as our Lady's Thistle to the į not to be had, take it alone in Carduus or
Blessed Virgin, St. John's Wort to St. John, } Angelica-water. The stalks or roots can-
and another Wort to St. Peter, &c. Our died and eaten fasting, are good preserva-
physicians must imitate like apes (though. į tives in time of infection; and at other
they cannot come off half so cleverly) for times to warm and comfort a cold stomach.
they blasphemously call Phansies or Hearts- The root also steeped in vinegar, and a little
ease, an herb of the Trinity, because it is of' of that vinegar taken sometimes fasting, and
ANGELICA.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
9
the root smelled unto, is good for the same it is called Flower Gentle, Flower Velure,
purpose. A water distilled from the root Floramor, and Velvet Flower.
simply, as steeped in wine, and distilled in Descript.] It being a garden flower, and
a glass, is much more effectual than the well known to every one that keeps it, I
water of the leaves ; and this water, drank might forbear the description; yet, not-
two or three spoonfuls at a time, easeth all { withstanding, because some desire it, I shall
pains and torments coming of cold and give it. It runs up with a stalk a cubit
wind, so that the body be not bound; and high, streaked, and somewhat reddish to-
taken with some of the root in powder atward the root, but very smooth, divided
the beginning, helpeth the pleurisy, as also towards the top with small branches, among
all other diseases of the lungs and breast, which stand long broad leaves of a reddish
as coughs, phthysic, and shortness of breath; green colour, slippery; the flowers are not
and a syrup of the stalks do the like. It properly flowers, but tuffs, very beautiful
helps pains of the cholic, the stranguary and to behold, but of no smell, of reddish colour;
stoppage of the urine, procureth womens' } if you bruise them, they yield juice of the
courses, and expelleth the after-birth, open- same colour, being gathered, they keep their
eth the stoppings of the liver and spleen, beauty a long time; the seed is of a shining
and briefly easeth and discusseth all windi- black colour.
ness and inward swellings. The decoction Time.] They continue in flower from
drank before the fit of an ague, that they August till the time the frost nip them.
may sweat (if possible) before the fit comes, Government and virtues.] It is under the
will
, in two or three times taking, rid it dominion of Saturn, and is an excellent
quite away; it helps digestion and is a re- qualifier of the unruly actions and passions
medy for a surfeit. The juice or the waterį of Venus, though Mars also should join
being dropped into the eyes or ears, helps with her. The flowers dried and beaten
dimness of sight and deafness; the juice into powder, stop the terms in women, and
put into the hollow teeth, easeth their pains. so do almost all other red things. And by
The root in powder, made up into a plaister the icon, or image of every herb, the ancients
with a little pitch, and laid on the biting of} at first found out their virtues. Modern
mad dogs, or any other venomous creature, writers laugh at them for it; but I wonder
doth wonderfully help. The juice, or the in my heart, how. the virtues of herbs came
water dropped, or tents wet therein, and put at first to be known, if not by their signa-
into filthy dead ulcers, or the powder of the į tures; the moderns have them from the
root (in want of either) doth cleanse and writings of the ancients; the ancients had
cause them to heal quickly, by covering the no writings to have them from: but to pro-
naked bones with flesh; the distilled water { ceed. The flowers stop all fluxes of blood;
applied to places pained with the gout, or whether in man or woman, bleeding either
sciatica, doth give a great deal of ease. at the nose or wound. There is also a sort
The wild Angelica is not so effectual as of Amaranthus that bears a white flower,
the garden; although it may be safely used which stops the whites in women, and the
to all the purposes aforesaid.
running of the reins in men, and is a most
gallant antivenereal, and a singular remedy,
for the French pox.
AMARANTHUS.
ANEMONEO,
Besides its common name, by which it
is best known by the florists of our days, CALLED also Wind Flower, because they

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
say the flowers never open but when the to the throat, or boiled, and in like manner
wind blows. Pliny is my author; if it applied, it matters not much, it is excellently
be not so, blame him. The seed also (if it į good for swellings in the throat: the best
bears any at all
) flies away with the wind. way, I suppose is to boil it, apply the
Place and Time.] They are sown usually { herb outwardly: the decoction of it besides
in the gardens of the curious, and flower in į is an excellent remedy for the yellow jaun-
the Spring-time. As for description I shall { dice.
pass it, being well known to all those that
sow them.
ARRACH, WILD AND STINKING.
Government and virtues.] It is under the
dominion of Mars, being supposed to be a CALLED also Vulvaria, from that part of
kind of Crow-foot. The leaves provoke the body, upon which the operation is most;
the terms mightily, being boiled, and the also Dog's Arrach, Goat's Arrach, and
decoction drank. The body being bathed Stinking Motherwort.
with the decoction of them, cures the leprosy. ] Descript.] This has small and almost
The leaves being stamped and the juice round leaves, yet a little pointed and with-
snuffed up in the nose, purges the head out dent or cut, of a dusky mealy colour,
mightily; so does the root, being chewed in growing on the slender stalks and branches
the mouth, for it procures much spitting, that spread on the ground, with small
and brings away many watery and phleg- flowers set with the leaves, and small seeds
matic humours, and is therefore excellent succeeding like the rest, perishing yearly
for the lethargy. And when all is done, and rising again with its own sowing. It
let physicians prate what they please, all smells like rotten fish, or something worse
the pills in the dispensatory purge not the Place.] It grows usually upon dunghills,
head like to hot things held in the mouth. Time. They flower in June and July,
Being made into an ointment, and the eye- and their seed is ripe quickly after.
lids anointed with it, it helps inflammations Government and virtues.] Stinking Arrach
of the eyes, whereby it is palpable, that every is used as a remedy to women pained, and
stronger draws its weaker like. The same almost strangled with the mother, by smell-
ointment is excellently good to cleanse ma-ing to it; but inwardly taken there is no
lignant and corroding ulcers.
better remedy under the moon for that dis-
I would be large in commendation
of this herb, were I but eloquent. It is an
Called also Orach, and Arage; it is herb under the dominion of Venus, and un-
cultivated for domestic uses.
der the sign Scorpio; it is common almost
Descript.] It is so commonly known to į upon every dunghill. The works of God
every housewife, it were labour lost to de- are freely given to man, his medicines are
scribe it.
common and cheap, and easily to be found.
Time.] It flowers and seeds from June I commend it for an universal medicine for
to the end of August.
the womb, and such a medicine as will
Government and virtues.] It is under the easily, safely, and speedily cure any disease
government of the Moon; in quality cold { thereof, as the fits of the mother, disloca-
and moist like 'unto her. It softens and tion, or falling out thereof; cools the
Inosens the body of man being eaten, womb being over-heated. And let me tell
and fortifies the expulsive faculty in him. you this, and I will tell you the truth, heat
The herb, whether it be bruised and applied of the womb is one of the greatest causes
1
ease.
GARDEN ARRACH.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
ARCII ANGEL.
of hard labour in child-birth. It makes White Archangel hath divers square
barren women fruitful. It cleanseth the stalks, none standing straight upward, but
womb if it be foul, and strengthens it ex- bending downward, whereon stand two
ceedingly; it provokes the terms if they be leaves at a joint, larger and more pointed
stopped, and stops them if they flow immode-than the other, dented about the edges, ana
rately; you can desire no good to your greener also, more like unto Nettle leaves
womb, but this herb will affect it; there-i but not stinking, yet hairy. At the joints
fore if you love children, if you love health, with the leaves, stand larger and more open
if you love ease, keep a syrup always by gaping white flowers, husks round about
you, made of the juice of this herb, and the stalks, but not with such a bush of leaves
sugar, (or honey, if it be to cleanse the as flowers set in the top, as is on the other,
womb) and let such as be rich keep it for wherein stand small roundish black seeds
their poor neighbours ; and bestow it as: the root is white, with many strings at it
freely as I bestow my studies upon them, or not growing downward but lying under the
else let them look to answer it another day, upper crust of the earth, and abides many
when the Lord shall come to make inquisi- years increasing; this has not so strong a
tion for blood.
scent as the former.
Yellow Archangel is like the White in
the stalks and leaves; but that the stalk,
To put a gloss upon their practice, the are more straight and upright, and the joint:
physicians call an herb (which country peo-with leaves are farther asunder, having lon
ple vulgarly know by the name of Dead į ger leaves than the former, and the flowers
Nettle) Archangel; whether they favour a little larger and more gaping, of a fair
more of superstition or folly, I leave to the yellow colour in most, in some paler. The
judicious reader. There is more curiosity { roots are like the white, only they creep not
than courtesy to my countrymen used by iso much under the ground.
others in the explanation as well of the Place.] They grow almost every where
names, as description of this so well known (unless it be in the middle of the street) the
herb; which that I may not also be guilty of, yellow most usually in the wet grounds of
take this short description: first, of the Red woods, and sometimes in the dryer, in divers
Archangel. This is likewise called Bee counties of this nation.
Nelile.
Time.]. They flower from the beginning
Descript.] This has divers square stalks, of the Spring all the Summer long.
somewhat hairy, at the joints whereof grow Government and virtues.] The Archangels
two sad green leaves dented about the edges, are somewhat hot and drier than the sting-
opposite to one another to the lowermosting Nettles, and used with better success
upon long foot stalks, but without any to- for the stopping and hardness of the spleen,
ward the tops, which are somewhat round, than they, by using the decoction of the
yet pointed, and a little crumpled and herb in wine, and afterwards applying the
hairy; round about the upper joints, where herb hot into the region of the spleen as a
the leaves grow thick, are sundry gaping i plaister, or the decoction with spunges.
flowers of a pale reddish colour; after which Flowers of the White Archangel are pre-
coine the seeds three or four in a husk. served or conserved to be used to stay the
The root is small and thready, perishing whites, and the flowers of the red to stay
every year; the whole plant hath a strong the reds in women. It makes the heart
scent but not stinking.
merry, drives away melancholy, quickens
(2.)

12
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the spirits is good against quartan agues, Government and virtues.] As the virtue of
stancheth bleeding at mouth and nose, if it both these is various, so is also their govern-
be stamped and applied to the nape of the ment; for that which is hot and biting, is
neck; the herb also bruised, and with some under the dominion of Mars, but Saturn
salt and vinegar and hog's-grease, laid upon challenges the other, as appears by that
an hard tumour or swelling, or that vulgarly leaden coloured spot he hath placed upon
called the king's evil, do help to dissolve or the leaf.
discuss them; and being in like manner It is of a cooling and drying quality,
applied, doth much allay the pains, and give and very effectual for putrified ulcers in man
ease to the gout, sciatica, and other pains or beast, to kill worms, and cleanse the
of the joints and sinews. It is also very , putrified places. The juice thereof dropped
effectual to heal green wounds, and old { in, or otherwise applied, consumes all cold
ulcers ; also to stay their fretting, gnawing swellings, and dissolveth the congealed
and spreading. It draws forth splinters, blood of bruises by strokes, falls, &c. A
and such like things gotten into the flesh, i piece of the root, or some of the seeds
and is very good against bruises and bur-} bruised, and held to an aching tooth, takes
nings. But the yellow Archangel is most away the pain. The leaves bruised and
commended for old, filthy, corrupt sores laid to the joint that bas a felon thereon,
and ulcers, yea although they grow to be takes it away. The juice destroys worms
hollow; and to dissolve tumours. The { in the ears, being dropped into them ; it
chief use of them is for women, it being an the hot Arssmart be strewed in a chamber,
herb of Venus.
it will soon kill all the fleas; and the herb
or juice of the cold Arssmart, put to a
horse, or other cattle's sores, will drive away
the fly in the hottest time of Summer; a
The hot Arssmart is called also Water- good handful of the hot biting Arssmart
pepper, or Culrage. The mild Arssmart put under a horse's saddle, will make him
is called dead Arssmart Persicaria, or Peach- travel the better, although he were half
wort, because the leaves are so like the tired before. The mild Arssmart is good
leaves of a peach-tree; it is also called against all imposthumes and inflammations
Plumbago.
at the beginning, and to heal green wounds.
Description of the mild.] This has broad All authors chop the virtues of both
leaves set at the great red joint of the įsorts of Arssmart together, as men chop
stalks; with semicircular blackish marks herbs for the pot, when both of them are
on them, usually either blueish or whitish, of contrary qualities The hot Arssmart
with such like seed following. The root is grows not so high or tall as the mild doth,
long, with many strings thereat, perishing but has many leaves of the colour of
yearly; this has no sharp taste (as another peach leaves, very seldom or never spotted;
sort has, which is quick and biting) but in other particulars it is like the former, but
rather sour like sorrel, or else a little drying, may easily be known from it, if
you
will
or without taste.
but be pleased to break a leaf of it cross
Place.] It grows in watery places, ditches, your tongue, for the hot will make your
and the like, which for the most part are {tongue to smart, but the cold will not. If
dry in Summer
you see them both together, you may easily
Time.] It flowers in June, and the seed distinguish them, because the mild hath far
is ripe in August
broader leaves.
ARSSMART.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
13
ASARABACCA.
choler, and therefore does much help pains
in the hips, and other parts ; being boiled
Descript.] ASAR ABACCA appears like in whey, they wonderfully help the oh-
an evergreen, keeping its leaves all the structions of the liver and spleen, and there-
Winter, but putting forth new ones in the fore profitable for the dropsy and jaundice:
time of Spring. It has many heads rising being steeped in wine and drank, it helps
from the roots, from whence come many those continualagues that come by the plenty
smooth leaves, every one upon his foot of stubborn humours; an oil made thereof
stalks, which are rounder and bigger than by setting in the sun, with some laudanum
Violet leaves, thicker also, and of a dark added to it, provokes sweating, (the ridge
green shining colour on the upper side, and of the back being anointed therewith) and
of a pale yellow green underneath, little or thereby drives away the shaking fits of the
nothing dented about theedges, from among ague. It will not abide any long boiling,
which rise, small, round, hollow, brown for it loseth its chief strength thereby; por
green husks, upon short stalks, about an much beating, for the finer powder pro-
inch long, divided at the brims into five vokes vomits and urine, and the coarser
divisions, very like the cups or heads of purgeth downwards.
the Henbane seed, but that they are smaller: The common use hereof is, to take the
and these be all the flower it carries, which juice of five or seven leaves in a little drink
are somewhat sweet, being smelled to to cause vomiting; the roots have also the
and wherein, when they are ripe, is con- same virtue, though they do not operate so
tained small cornered rough seeds, very forcibly; they re very effectual against the
like the kernels or stones of grapes or } biting of serpents, and therefore are put as
raisins. The roots are small and whitish, an ingredieni both into Mithridite and
spreading divers ways in the ground, in- Venice treacle. The leaves and roots being
creasing into divers heads; but not running boiled in lye, and the head often washed
or creeping under the ground, as some other { therewith while it is warm, comforts the
creeping herbs do. They are somewhat head and brain that is ill affected by taking
sweet in smell, resembling Nardus, but cold, and helps the memory.
more when they are dry than green; and I shall desire ignorant people to forbear
of a sharp and not unpleasant taste. the use of the leaves ; the roots purge more
Place.] It grows frequently in gardens. gently, and may prove beneficial to such as
Time.) They keep their leaves green all have cancers, or old putrified ulcers, or
Winter; but shoot forth new in the Spring, fistulas upon their bodies, to take a dran
and with them come forth those heads or of them in powder in a quarter of a pint of
flowers which give ripe seed about Mid- } white wine in the morning. The truth is,
summer, or somewhat after.
I fancy purging and vomiting medicines as
Government and virtues.] It is a plant little as any man breathing doth, for they
under the dominion of Mars, and therefore weaken nature, nor shall ever advise them
inimical to nature. This herb being drank, to be used, unless upon urgent necessity.
not only provokes vomiting, but purges If a physician be nature's servant, it is his
downward, and by urine also, purges both duty to strengthen his mistress as much as
choler and flegm: If you add to it some he can, and weaken her as little as may be.
spikenard, with the whey of goat's milk, or
honeyed water
, it is made more strong, but ASPARAGUS, SPARAGUS, OR SPERACE
it purges flegm more manifestly than Descript.] It rises up at first with divers

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
ASH TREE.
PRICKLY ASPARAGUS, OR SPERAGE.
white and green scaly heads, very brittle or more than the wild, yet hath it the samo
easy to break while they are young, which effects in all the afore-mentioned diseases :
afterwards rise up in very long and slender The decoction of the root in white wine,
green stalks of the bigness of an ordinary and the back and belly bathed therewith,
riding wand, at the bottom of most, or or kneeling or lying down in the same, or
bigger, or lesser, as the roots are of growth; sitting therein as a bath, has been found
on which are set divers branches of green effectual against pains of the reins and
leaves shorter and smaller than fennel to the bladder, pains of the mother and cholic,
top; at the joints whereof come forth small and generally against all pains that happen
yellowish flowers, which turn into found to the lower parts of the body, and no less
berries, green at first, and of an excellent effectual against stiff and benumbed sinews,
red colour when they are ripe, shewing like for those that are shrunk by cramps and
bead or coral, wherein are contained ex- convulsions, and helps the sciatica,
ceeding hard black seeds, the roots are dis-
persed from a spongeous head into many
long, thick, and round strings, wherein is This is so well known, that time would
sucked much nourishmentoutof the ground, be mispent in writing a description of it;
and increaseth plentifully thereby. therefore I shall only insist upon the virtues
of it.
Government and virtues.] It is governed
Descript.] This grows usually in gar- by the Sun: and the young tender tops,
dens, and some of it grows wild in Apple- } with the leaves taken inwardly, and some
ton meadowy in Gloucestershire, where the of them outwardly applied, are singularly
poor people gather the buds of young good against the bitings of viper, adder, or
shoots, and sell them cheaper than our gar- any other venomous beast ; and the water
den Asparagus is sold in London. distilled therefrom being taken, a small
Time.] For the most part they flower, quantity every morning fasting, is a singular
and bear their berries late in the year, or medicine for those that are subject to dropsy,
not at all, although they are housed in or to abate the greatness of those that are
Winter.
too gross or fat. The decoction of the leares
Government and virtues.] They are both in white wine helps to break the stone,
under the dominion of Jupiter. The young and expel it, and cures the jaundice, The
buds or branches boiled in ordinary broth, ashes of the bark of the Ash made into
make the belly soluble and open, and boiled lye, and those heads bathed therewith
in white wine, provoke urine, being stopped, which are leprous, scabby, or scald, they
and is good against the stranguary or diffi- are thereby cured. The kernels within the
culty of making water; it expelleth the husks, commonly called Ashen Keys, pre-
gravel and stone out of the kidneys, and vail against stitches and pains in the sides,
belpeth pains in the reins. And boiled in proceeding of wind, and voideth away the
white wine or vinegar, it is prevalent for stone by provoking urine.
them that have their arteries loosened, or I can justly except against none of all
are troubled with the hip-gout or sciatica. this, save only the first, viz. That Ash-tree
The decoction of the roots boiled in wine tops and leaves are good against the bilings
and taken, is good to clear the sight, and of serpents and vipers. I suppose this had its
being held in the mouth easeth the tooth- rise from Gerrard or Pliny, both which hold,
ache. The garden asparagus nourisheth | That there is such an antipathy between an

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
15
HERB BONET.
adder and an Ash-tree, that if an adder be the most part, and their seed is ripe in July,
encompassed round with Ash-tree leaves, at the farthest.
she will sooner run through the fire than Government and virtues.] It is governed
through the leaves : The contrary to which by Jupiter, and that gives hopes of a whole-
is the truth, as both my eyes are witnesses. some healthful herb. It is good for the dis-
The rest are virtues something likely, only eases of the chest or breast, for pains, and
if it be in Winter when you cannot get the stitches in the side, and to expel crude and
leaves, you may safely use the bark instead raw humours from the belly and stomach,
of them. The keys you may easily keep by the sweet savour and warming quality.
all the year, gathering them when they are It dissolves the inward congealed blood
ripe.
happening by falls or bruises, and the spit-
ting of blood, if the roots, either green or
AVENS, CALLED ALSO COLE WORT, AND
dry, be boiled in wine and drank; as also
all manner of inward wounds or outward,
Descript.] The ordinary Avens hath if washed or bathed therewith. The de-
many long, rough, dark green, winged coction also being drank, comforts the heart,
leaves, rising from the root, every one made and strengthens the stomach and a cold
of many leaves set on each side of the inid-brain, and therefore is good in the Spring
dle rib, the largest three whereof grow at time to open obstructions of the liver, and
the end, and are snipped or dented round helps the wind cholic; it also helps those
about the edges; the other being small { that have fluxes, or are bursten, or have a
pieces, sometimes two and sometimes four, rupture; it takes away spots or marks in
standing on each side of the middle rib the face, being washed therewith. The
underneath them. Among which do rise juice of the fresh root, or powder of the
up divers rough or hairy stalks about two dried root, has the same effect with the
feet high, branching forth with leaves at decoction. The root in the Spring-time
every joint not so long as those below, but steeped in wine, gives it a delicate savour
almost as much cut in on the edges, some and taste, and being drank fasting every
into three parts, some into more. On the morning, comforts the heart, and is a
tops of the branches stand small, pale, yel-good preservative against the plague, or
low flowers, consisting of five leaves, like any other poison. It helps indigestion,
the flowers of Cinquefoil
, but large, in the and warms a cold stomach, and i opens.
middle whereof stand a small green herb, obstructions of the liver and spleen.
which when the flower is fallen, grows to It is very safe: you need have no dose
be round, being made of many long green- į prescribed ; and is very fit to be kept in
ish purple seeds (like grains) which will every body's house.
stick upon your clothes. The root consists
of many brownish strings or fibres, smelling
somewhat like unto cloves, especially those
This herb is so well known to be an in-
which grow in the higher, hotter, and drier i habitant almost in every garden, that I shall
grounds, and in free and clear air. not need to write any description thereof,
Place.] They grow wild in many places although its virtues, which are many, may
under hedge's sides, and by the path-ways not be omitted.
in fields; yet they rather delight to grow in Government und virtues.] It is an herb of
shadowy than sunny places.
Jupiter, and under Cancer, and strengthens
Time.] They flower in May or June for nature much in all its actions. Let a syrup
BALM.
(2.)
F

16
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
BARBENRY,
made with the juice of it and sugar (as you is young, putting to it some sugar and rose-
shall be taught at the latter end of this water, is good for a woman in child-bed,
book) be kept in every gentlewoman's house when the after-birth is not thoroughly
to relieve the weak stomachs and sick bodies roided; and for their faintings upon or in
of their poor sickly neighbours; as also their sore travail. The herb bruised and
the herb kept dry in the house, that soi boiled in a little wine and oil, and laid warm
with other convenient simples, you may on a boil, will ripen it, and break it.
Izake it into an electuary with honey, ac-
cording as the disease is you shall be taught
at the latter end of my book. The Arabian TIe shrub is so well known by every
physicians have extolled the virtues thereof} boy and girl that has but attained to the
to the skies ; although the Greeks thought age of seven years, tirat it needs no des-
it not worth mentioning. Seraphio says,cription.
it causes the mind and heart to become Government and virtues.] Mars owns the
merry, and revives the heart, faintings and shrub, and presents id to the use of my
swoonings, especially of such who are over- countrymen to purge their bodies of choler.
taken in sleep, and drives away all trou- The inner rind of the Barberry-tree boiled
blesome cares and thoughts out of the mind, } in white wine, and a quarter of a pint drank
arising from melancholy or black choler ; } each morning, is an excellent remedy to
which Avicen also confirms. It is very { cleanse the body of choleric humours, and
good to help digestion, and open obstruc- } free it from such diseases as choler causes,
tions of the brain, and hath so much purg- such as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, yel-
ing quality in it (saith Avicen) as to expel { low jaundice, boils, &c. It is excellent for
those melancholy vapours from the spirits hot agues, burnings, scaldings, heat of
and blood which are in the heart and the blood, heat of the liver, bloody-flux;
arteries, although it cannot do so in other { for the herries are as good as the bark, and
parts of the body. Dioscorides says, more pleasing: 'they get a man a good
That the leaves steeped in wine, and the stomach to his victuals, by strengthening the
wine drank, and the leaves externally ap- attractive faculty which is under Mars.
plied, is a remedy against the stings of a The hair washed with the lye made of
scorpion, and the bitings of mad dogs ; } the tree and water, will make it turn yellow,
and commends the decoction thereof fori vis. of Mars' own colour. The fruit and
women to bathe or sit in to procure their rind of the shrub, the fiowers of broom
courses; it is good to wash aching teeth and of heath, or furz, cleanse the body of
therewith, and profitable for those that choler by sympatlıy, as the flowers, leaves,
have the bloody-flux. The leaves also, with and bark of the peach-tree do hy antipathy:
a little nitre taken in drink, are good against because these are under Mars, that under
the surfeit of mushrooms, helps the griping Venus.
pains of the belly; and being made into an
electuary, it is good for them that cannot
fetch their breath: Used with salt, it takes The continual usefulness hereof bath
away wens, kernels, or hard swellings in made all in general so acquainted herewith,
the flesh or throat; it cleanses foul sores, f that it is altogether needless to describe it,
and eases pains of the gout. It is good several kinds hereof plentifully growing,
for the liver and spleen. A tansy or caudle being yearly sown in this land. The virtues
made with eggs, and juice thereof while it thereof take as follow.
BARLEY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
Government and virtues.] It is a notable two leaves at every joint, which are some-
plant of Saturn: if you view diligently its what broad and round, yet pointed, of a
effects by sympathy and antipathy, you pale grecn colour, but fresh; a little snipp-
may easily perceive a reason of them; as ed about the edges, and of a strong healthy
also why barley bread is so unwholesome scent. The flowers are small and white,
for melancholy people. Barley in all the and standing at the tops of the branches,
parts and compositions thereof (except with two small leaves at the joints, in some
malt) is more cooling than wheat, and a lit-places green, in others brown, after which
tle cleansing: And all the preparations come black seed. The root perishes at
thereof, as barley-water and other things the approach of Winter, and therefore must
made thereof, give great nourishment to be new sown every year.
persons troubled with fevers, agues, and -Place.] It grows in gardens.
heats in the stomach: A poultice made of Time.] It must be sowed late, and flowers
barley meal or flour boiled in vinegar and in the heart of Summer, being a very tender
honey, and a few dry figs put into them, plant.
dissolves all imposthumes, and assuages Government and cirtues.] This is the herb
inflammations, being thereto applied. And which all authors are together by the cars
being boiled with melilot and camomile- about, and rail at one another (like lawyers.)
flowers, and some linseed, fenugreck, and Galen and Dioscorides hold it not fit to be
rue in powder, and applied warm, it cases, taken inwardly; and Chrysippus rails at it
pains in side and stomach, and windiness with downright Billingsgate rhetoric; Pliny,
of the spleen. The meal of barley and and the Arabian physicians, defend it.
fleawort boiled in water, and made a poul- For my own part, I presently found
tice with honey and oil of lilies applied that speech true;
warm, cures swellings under the ears, Non nostrium inter nos tantas componere lites.
throat, neck, and such like; and a plaister
inade thereof with tar, with sharp vinegar And away to Dr. Reason went I, who told
into a poultice, and laid on hot, helps theme it was an herb of Mars, and under the
leprosy; being boiled in red wine with Scorpion, and perhaps therefore called
pomegranate rinds, and myrtles, stays Basilicon, and it is no marvel if it carry
the lask or other Hux of the belly; boiled a kind of virulent quality with it. Bemg
with vinegar and quince, it eases the pains : applied to the place bitten by venomous
of the gout; barley-Hour, white salt, honey, beasts, or stung by a wasp or hornet, it
and vinegar mingled together, takes away speedily draws the poison to it; Every like
the itch speedily and certainly. The water draws his like. Mizaldus affirms, that,
distilled from the green barley in the end of being laid to rot in horse-dung, it will breed
May, is very good for those that have de- venomous beasts. Hilarius, a French phy,
fluctions of huniours fallen into their eyes, sician, affirms upon his own knowledge,
and eases the pain, being dropped into that an acquaintance of his, by common
them: or white bread steeped therein, and smelling to it, had a scorpion bred in his
bound on the eyes, does the same. brain. Something is the matter; this herb
and rue will not grow together, no, nor near
one another: and we know rue is as great
Deseript.] The greater or ordinary Bazil an enemy to poison as any that grows.
rises up usually with one upright stalk, To conclude: It expels both birth and
sliversly branching forth on all sides, with after-birth; and as it helps the deficiency
GARDEN BAZIL, OR SWEET BAZIL.

18.
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
THE BAY TREE.
of Venus in one kind, so it spoils all her ac- { leaves also work the like effects. A bath of
tions in another. I dare write no more of it. the decoction of the leaves and berries, is
singularly good for women to sit in, that
are troubled with the mother, or the diseases
This is so well known that it needs no thereof, or the stoppings of their courses,
description : I shall therefore only write or for the diseases of the bladder, pains in
the virtues thereof, which are many. the bowels by wind and stopping of the
Government and virtues.] I shall but only urine. A decoction likewise of equal parts
add a word or two to what my friend has of Bay-berries, cummin seed, hyssop, ori-
written, viz. that it is a tree of the sun, and į ganum, and euphorbium, with some honey,
under the celestial sign Leo, and resists and the head bathed therewith, wonder-
witchcraft very potently, as also all the evils fully helps distillations and rheums, and
old Saturn can do to the body of man, and settles the pallate of the mouth into its
they are not a few; for it is the speech of place. The oil made of the berries is very
one, and I am mistaken if it were not comfortable in all cold griefs of the joints,
Mizaldus, that neither witch nor devil, i nerves, arteries, stomach, belly, or womb,
thunder nor lightning, will hurt a man in and helps palsies, convulsions, cramp,
the place where a Bay-tree is. Galen said, aches, tremblings, and numbness in any
that the leaves or bark do dry and heal part, weariness also, and pains that come
very much, and the berries, more than the by sore travelling. All griefs and pains
leaves ; the bark of the root is less sharp įproceeding from wind, either in the head,
and hot, but more bitter, and hath some stomach, back, belly, or womb, by anointing
astriction withal whereby it is effectual to the parts affected therewith: And pains in
break the stone, and good to open obstruc- }the ears are also cured by dropping in some
tions of the liver, spleen, and other inward of the oil, or by receiving into the ears the
parts, which bring the jaundice, dropsy, fume of the decoction of the berries through
&c. The berries are very effectual against a funnel. The oil takes away the marks or
all poison of venomous creatures, and the the skin and flesh by bruises, falls, &c. and
sting of wasps and bees ; as also against the dissolves the congealed blood in them. It
pestilence, or other infectious diseases, and helps also the itch, scabs, and weals in
therefore put into sundry treacles for that the skin.
purpose; They likewise procure women's
courses, and seven of them given to a wo-
man in sore travail of child-birth, do cause Both the garden and field beans are so
a speedy delivery, and expel the after birth, { well known, that it saves me the labour or
and therefore not to be taken by such as have writing any description of them. The vir-
not gone out their time, lest they procure {tues follow.
abortion, or cause labour too soon. They Government and virtues.] They are plants
wonderfully help all cold and rheumatic of Venus, and the distilled water of the
distillations from the brain to the eyes, flower of garden beans is good to clean the
lungs or other parts ; and being made into face and skin from spots and wrinkles, and
an electuary with honey, do help the con- {the meal or flour of them, or the small beans
sumption, old coughs, shortness of breath, doth the same. The water distilled from
and thin rheums; as also the megrim. They į the green husks, is held to be very effectual
mightily expel the wind, and provoke urine; } against the stone, and to provoke urine.
help the mother, and kill the worms. The Bean flour is used in poultices to assuage
BEANS.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
inflammations arising from wounds, and is to say, white, yellow, red, blackish, or of
the sweliing of women's breasts caused by a deeper purple, but white is the most usual;
the curdling of their milk, and represses after which come long and slender flat pods,
their milk; Flour of beans and Fenugreek some crooked, some straight, with a string
mixed with honey, and applied to felons, running down the back thereof, wherein is
boils, bruises, or blue marks by blows, or flattish round fruit made like a kidney, the
the imposthumes in the kernels of the ears, root long, spreads with many strings an-
helps them all, and with Rose leaves, nexed to it, and perishes every year.
Frankincense and the white of an egg, being! There is another sort of French beans
applied to the eyes, helps them that are commonly growing with us in this land,
swollen or do water, or have received any} which is called the Scarlet flower Bean.
blow upon them, if used with wine. If a This rises with sundry branches as the
bean be parted in two, the skin being taken other, but runs higher, to the length of hop-
away, and laid on the place where the leech {poles, about which they grow twining, but
hath been set that bleeds too much, stays į turning contrary to the sun, having foot-
the bleeding. Bean flour boiled to a poul- { stalks with three leaves on each, as on the
tice with wine and vinegar, and some oil other; the flowers also are like the other,
put thereto, cases both pains and swelling and of a most orient scarlet colour. The
of the privities. The husks boiled in water to Beans are larger than the ordinary kind,
the consumption of a third part thereof, of a dead purple colour turning black when
stays, a lask; and the ashes of the husks, ripe and dry ; the root perishes in Winter.
made up with old hog's grease, helps the Government and virtues.] These also be-
old pains, contusions, and wounds of the long to Dame Venus, and being dried and
| sinews, the sciatica and gout. The field | beat to powder, are as great strengtheners
beans have all the aforementioned virtues as of the kidneys as any are; neither is there
the garden beans.
a better remedy than it; a dram at a time
Beans eaten are extremely windy meat; taken in white wine to prevent the stone, or
but if after the Dutch fashion, when they to cleanse the kidneys of gravel or stoppage.
are half boiled you husk them and then The ordinary French Beans are of an easy
stew them, (I cannot tell you how, for I digestion ; they move the belly, provoke
never was a cook in all my life) they are urine, enlarge the breast that is straight-
wholesome food.
ened with shortness of breath, engender
sperm, and incite to venery. And the scar-
let coloured Beans, in regard of the glori-
Descript.] This French or Kidney. Bean wus beauty of their colour, being set near
arises at first but with one stalk, which a quickset hedge, will much adorn the
afterwards divides itself into many arms or í same, by climbing up thereon, so that they
branches, but all so weak that if they be may be discerned a great way, not withont
not sustained with sticks or poles, they will {adiniration of the beholders at a distance.
be fruitless upon the ground. At several } But they will go near to kill the quicksets
places of these branches grow foot stalks, by cloathing them in scarlet.
each with three broad round and pointed
green leaves at the end of them ; towards
the top comes forth divers flowers made like Besides *he common name above writ-
to pease blossoms, of the same colour for ten, it is calle. Cheese-Rennet, because it
the most part that the fruit will be of; that performs the samc office, as also Gallion,
FRENCH BEANS.
ܪ
LADIES BED-STRAW.
(3.)
G

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
BEETS.
Pettimugget, and Maiden-hair; and by some oil, by being set in the sun, and changed
Wild Rosemary.
after it has stood ten or twelve days; or
Descript.] This rises up with divers into an ointment being boiled in Arunga,
small brown, and square upright stalks, a or sallad oil, with some wax melted therein,
yard high or more; sometimes branches ; after it is strained ; either the oil made
forth into divers parts, full of joints, and thereof, or the ointment, do help burnings
with divers very fine small leaves at every with fire, or scalding with water. The
one of them, little or nothing rough at all ; same also, or the decoction of the herb and
at the tops of the branches grow many long flower, is good to bathe the feet of travellers
tufts or branches of yellow flowers very and lacquies, whose long running causes
thick set together, from the several joints, weariness and stiffness in the sinews and
which consist of four leaves a piece, which joints. If the decoction be used warm, and
smell somewhat strong, but not unpleasant. the joints afterwards anointed with oint-
The seed is small and black like poppy ment, it helps the dry scab, and the itch
seed, two for the most part joined together : in children ; and the herb with the white
The root is reddish, with many small threads flower is also very good for the sinews,
fastened to it, which take strong hold of arteries, and joints, to comfort and strengthen
the ground, and creep a little: and the them after travel, cold, and pains
branches leaning a little down to the ground,
take root at the joints thereof, whereby it
is easily encreased.
Of Beets there are two sorts, which are
There is another sort of Ladies Bed- } best known generally, and whereof I shall
straw growing frequently in England, which principally treat at this time, viz. the white
bears white flowers as the other doth yel- and red Beets, and their virtues.
low; but the branches of this are so weak, Descript.] The common white Beet has
that unless it be sustained by the hedges, many great leaves next the ground, sonie-
or other things near which it grows, it will what large and of a whitish green colour.
lie down to the ground; the leaves a little The stalk is great, strong, and ribbed, beat-
bigger than the former, and the flowers not ing great store of leaves upon it, almost to
so plentiful as these; and the root hereof is the very top of it: The flowers grow in
also thready and abiding,
very long tufts, small at the end, and tuck-
Place.] . 'They grow in meadows and pas-, ing down their heads, which are small, pale
tures both wet and dry, and by the hedges. greenish, yellow buds, giving cornered
Time.] They flower in May for the most prickly seed. The root is great, long, and
part, and the seed is ripe in July and hard, and when it has given seed is of no
August.
use at all.
Government and virtues.] They are both The common red Beet differs not from
herbs of Venus, and therefore strengthening the white, but only it is less, and the leaves
the parts both internal and external, which and the roots are somewhat red; the leaves
she rules. The decoction of the former of} are differently red, some only with red stalks
those being drank, is good to fret and break or veins ; some of a fresh red, and others
the stone, provoke urine, stays inward of a dark red. The root thereof is red,
bleeding, and heals inward wounds. The spungy, and not used to be eaten.
herb or flower bruised and put into the Government and virtues.] The government
hostrils, stays their bleeding likewise : of these two sorts of Beets are far different';
The flowers and herbs being made into an the red Beet being under Saturn and the

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
! 21
و
wbite under Jupiter; therefore take the branches, being round bellied and open at
virtues of them apart, each by itself. The the brims, and divided into two parts, the
white Beet much loosens the belly, and uppermost being like a hood, and the lower-
is of a cleansing, digesting quality, and most like a hip hanging down, of a dark
provokes urine. The juice of it opens red colour, which passing there comes in
obstructions both of the liver and spleen, their places small round heads with small
and is good for the head-ache and swim- points at the ends, wherein lie small and
mings therein, and turnings of the brain ; brownish seeds; the root is a thick bush of
and is effectual also against all venomous strings and shreds, growing from the head.
creatures; and applied to the temples, Place.] It grows by the ditch side,
stays inflammations in the eyes; it helps brooks, and other water-courses, generally
burnings, being used with oil, and with a through this land, and is seldon, found far
little alum put to it, is good for St. An- from the water-side.
thony's fire. It is good for all wheals, Time.] It flowers about July, and the
pushes, blisters, and blains in the skin: the seed is ripe in August.
herb boiled, and laid upon chilblains or Government and virtues.] Water Beton v
kibes, helps them. The decoction thereof is an herb of Jupiter in Cancer, and is an-
in water and some vinegar, heals the itch, propriated more to wounds and hurts in the
if bathed therewith; and cleanses the head breasts than Wood Betony, which follows ;
of dandruff, scurf, and dry scabs, and does } It is an excellent remedy for sick hogs. It
much good for fietting and running sores, is of a cleansing quality. The leaves bruised
ulcers, and cankers in the head, legs, or and applied are effectual for allold and filthy
other parts, and is much commended against { ulcers ; and especially if the juice of the
baldness and shedding the hair.
leaves he boiled with a little honey, and
The red Beet is good to stay the bloody- { dipped therein, and the sores dressed there-
flux, women's courses, and the whites, and with; as also for bruises and hurts, whether
to help the yellow jaundice; the juice of{ inward or outward. The distilled water of
the root put into the nostrils, purges the the leaves is used for the same purpose; as
head, heps the noise in the ears, and the also to bathe the face and hands spotted or
tooth-ache; the juice snuffed up the nose, blemished, or discoloured by sun buning:
helps a stinking breath, if the cause lie in I confess I do not much fancy distilled
the nose, as many times it does, if any bruise waters, I mean such waters as are distilled
has been there : as also want of smell cold; some virtues of the herb they may
coming that way.
haply have (it were a strange thing else :)
but this I am confident of, that being dis-
tilled in a pewter still, as the vulgar and
CALLED also Brown-wort, and in York-apish fashion is, both chemical oil and salt
shire, Bishop's-leaves.
is left behind unless you burn them, and
Descript.] First, of the Water Betony, then all is spoiled, water and all, which was
which rises up with square, hard, greenish good for as little as can be by such a dis-
stalks, sometimes brown, set with broad } tillation..
dark green leaves dented about the edges
with notches somewhat resembling the leaves
of the Wood Betony, but much larger too, Descript.] COMMON or Wood Betony
for the most part set at a joint The flowers has many leaves rising from the foot,
are many, set at the tops of the stalks and which are somewhat brond and round at
WATER BETONY.
WOOD BETONT.

22
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the end roundly dented about the edges, pure honey is no less available for all sorts
standing upon long foot stalks, from among of coughs, or colds, wheesing, or shortness
which rise up small, square, slender, but of breath, distillations of thin rheum upon
upright hairy stalks, with some leaves there- the lungs, which causes consumptions,
on to a piece at the joints, smaller than the The decoction made with Mead, and a little
lower, whereon are set several spiked heads Pennyroyal, is good for those that are
of flowers like Lavender, but thicker and į troubled with putrid agues, whether quo-
shorter for the most part, and of a reddish tidian, tertian, or quartan, and toredraw
or purple colour, spotted with white spots down and evacuate the blood and humours,
both in the upper and lower part. The that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the
seeds being contained within the husks that sight; the decoction thereof made in wine
hold the flowers, are blackish, somewhat}and taken, kills the worms in the belly,
long and uneven. The roots are many opens obstructions both of the spleen and
white thready strings: the stalk perishes, liver; cures stitches, and pains in the
but the roots with some leaves thereon, back and sides, the torments and griping
abide all the Winter. The whole plant is pains in the bowels, and the wind cholic;
somewhat small.
and mixed with honey purges the belly,
Place.] It grows frequently in woods, helps to bring down women's courses, and
and delights in shady places,
is of special use for those that are troubled
Time.) And it flowers in July; after with the falling down of the mother, and
which the seed is quickly ripe, yet in its pains thereof, and causes an easy and
prime in May.
speedy delivery of women in child-birth,
Government and virtues.] The herb is ap- It helps also to break and expel the stone,
propriated to the planet Jupiter, and the į either in the bladder or kidneys. The de-
sign Aries. Antonius Musa, physician to coction with wine gargled in the mouth,
the Emperor Augustus Cæsar, wrote a pe- } eases the tooth-ache. It is commended
culiar book of the virtues of this herb; and against the stinging and biting of venomous
among other virtues saith of it, that it pre- serpents, or mad dogs, being used inwardly
serves the liver and bodies of men from{and applied outwardly to the place. A
the danger of epidemical diseases, and from dram of the powder of Betony taken with
witchcraft also ; it helps those that loath a little honey in some vinegar, does won-
and cannot digest their meat, those that derfully refresh those that are over wearied
have weak stomachs and sour belchings, or by travelling. It stays bleeding at the mouth
continual rising in their stomachs, using it or nose, and helps those that void or spit
familiarly either green or dry; either the blood, and those that are bursten or have
herb, or root, or the flowers, in broth, drink, a rupture, and is good for such as are
or meat, or made into conserve, syrup, bruised' by any fall or otherwise. The
water, electuary, or powder, as every one green herb bruised, or the juice applied to
may best frame themselves unto, or as the any inward hurt, or outward green wound
time and season requires ; taken any of in the head or body, will quickly heal and
the aforesaid ways, it helps the jaundice, close it up; as also any veins or sinews that
falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, or are cut, and will draw forth any broken
shrinking of the sinews, the gout and those bone or splinter, thorn or other things gol
that are inclined to dropsy, those that have into the flesh. It is no less.profitable for
continual pains in their heads, although it old sores or filthy ulcers, yen, tho' they be
turn to phrensy. The powder mixed with fistulous and hollow. But some do advise

AND ENGLISH PIIYSICIAN ENLARGED.
AND WHORTLE-BERRIES,
THE BEECH TREE.
to put a little salt for this purpose, being The water that is found in the hollow places
applied with a little hog's lard, it helps a of "decaying Beeches will cure both man
plague sore, and other boils and pushes, and beast of any scurf, or running tetters,
The fumes of the decoction while it is if they be washed therewith ; you may boil
warm, received by a funnel into the ears, the leaves into a poultice, or make an omt-
eases the pains of them, destroys the ment of them when time of year serves.
worms and cures the running sores in
them. The juice dropped into them does BILBERRIES, CALLED BY SOME WHorts,
the same. The root of Betony is displeas-
ing both to the taste and stomach, whereas Descript.] Or these I shall only speak
the leaves and flowers, by their sweet and of two sorts which are common in England;
spicy taste, are comfortable both to meat viz. The black and red berries. And first
and medicine.
of the black.
These are
some of the many virtues } The small bush creeps along upon the
Anthony Muse, an expert physician, (for it ground, scarcely rising half a yard high,
was not the practice of Octavius Cesar to with divers small green leaves set in the
keep fools about him) appropriates to green branches, not always one against the
Betony ; it is a very precious herb, that is other, and a little dented about the edges
certain, and most fitting to be kept in a At the foot of the leaves come forth small,
man's house, both in syrup, conserve, oil,} hollow, pale, bluish coloured flowers, the
ointment and plaister. The flowers are brims ending at five points, with a reddisl.
usually conserved.
thread in the middle, which pass into small
round berries of the bigness and colour of
juniper berries, but of a purple, sweetish
In treating of this tree, you must under-sharp taste; the juice of them gives a
stand, that I mean the green mast Beech, į purplish colour in their hands and lips that
which is by way of distinction from that eat and handle them, especially if they
other small rough sort, called in Sussex the break them. The root grows aslope under
smaller Beech, but in Essex Horn-beam.ground, shooting forth in sundry places
I suppose it is needless to describe it, as it creeps. This loses its leaves in
being already too well known to my coun- Winter.
trymen.
The Red Bilberry, or Whortle-Bush,
Place.] It grows in woods amongst oaks rises up like the forîner, having sundry,
and other trees, and in parks, forests, and hard leaves, like the Box-tree leaves, green
chases, to feed deer; and in other places to and round pointed, standing on the several
fatten swine.
branches, at the top whereof only, and not
Time.] It blooms in the end of April, from the sides, as in the former, come forth
or beginning of May, for the most part, divers round, reddish, sappy berries, when
and the fruit is ripe in September. they are ripe, of a sharp taste. The root
Government and virtues.]. It is a plant of runs in the ground, as in the former, but
Saturn, and therefore performs his qualities the leaves of this abide all Winter.
and proportion in these operations. The Place.] The first grows in forests, on the
leaves of the Beech tree are cooling and heaths, and such like barren places: the
binding, and therefore good to be applied į red grows in the north pars of this land, as
to hot swellings to discuss them ; the nuts Lancashire. Yorkshire, &c.
do much nourish such beasts as feed thereon, Time] They flower in March and April,
(3.)
H

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
BIFOIL OR TWABLADE.
and the fruit of the black is ripe in July straight tree, fraught with many boughs, and
and August.
slender branches bending downward : the
Government and virtues.] They are under old being covered with discoloured chapped
the dominion of Jupiter. It is a pity they bark, and the younger being browner by
are used no more in physic than they are. much. The leaves at the first breaking out
The black Bilberries are good in hot agues are crumpled, and afterwards like the beech
and to cool the heat of the liver and leaves, but smaller and greener, and dented
stomach; they do somewhat bind the belly, about the edges. It bears small short
and stay vomitings and loathings; the juice cat-skins, somewhat like those of the hazel-
of the berries made in a syrup, or the pulp, nut-tree, which abide on the branches a
made into a conserve with sugar, is good long time, until growing ripe, they fall on
for the purposes aforesaid, as also for an old the ground, and their seed with them.
cough, or an ulcer in the lungs, or other Place. It usually grows in woods.
diseases therein. The Red Worts are more Government and virtues.] It is a tree of
binding, and stops women's courses, spitting Venus the juice of the leaves, while they
of blood, or any other flux of blood or are young, or the distilled water of them,
humours, being used as well outwardly as or the water that comes from the tree being
inwardly.
bored with an auger, and distilled after-
wards; any of these being drank for some
days together, is available to break the stone
Descript.] This small herb, from a root
in the kidneys and bladder, and is good also
somewhat sweet, shooting downward many
to wash sore mouths.
long strings, rises up a round green stalk,
bare or naked next the ground for an inch,
BIRD'S FOOT.
wo or three to the middle thereof as it is in
This small herb grows not above a span
age or growth; as also from the middle up-high with many branches spread upon the
ward to the flowers, having only two broad
Plaintain-like leaves (but whiter) set at the ground, set with many wings of small
leaves. The flowers grow upon the branches,
middle of the stalk one against another,
compassing it round at the bottom of them. į being set a-head together, which afterwarcia
many small ones of a pale yellow colour
Place.] It is an usual inhabitant in
turn into small jointed pods, well resem-
woods, copses, and in many places in this
bling the claw of small birds, whence it took
land.
its name.
"There is another sort grows in wet grounds
There is another sort of Bird's Foot in
and marshes, which is somewhat different all things like the former, but a little
from the former. It is a smaller plant, and
greener, having sometimes three leaves; the larger ; the flowers of a pale whitish red
Spike of the flowers is less than the former, the other, but a little more crooked ; and
colour, and the pods distinct by joints like
and the roots of this do run or creep in the the roots do carry many small white knots
ground.
or kernels amongst the strings.
They are often used by many to good
Place.] These grow on heaths, and many
purpose for wounds, both green and old,
to consolidate or knit ruptures; and well it open untilled places of this land.
Time.] They flower and seed in the end
may, being a plant of Saturn.
of Summer.
Government, and virtues.] They belong to
Descript.] Tuis grows a goodly tall Saturn, and are of a drying, binding quality
THE BIRCH TREE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
BISHOP S-WEED.
and thereby very good to be used in wound It digests humours, provokes urine and
drinks; as also to apply outwardly for the women's courses, dissolves wind, and being
same purpose. But the latter Bird's Foot taken in wine it eases pains and griping in
is found by experience to break the stone the bowels, and is good against the biting
in the back or kidneys, and drives them į of serpents; it is used to good effect in
forth, if the decoction thereof be taken;{ those medicines which are given to hinder
and it wonderfully helps the rupture, be- the poisonous operation of Cantharides,
ing taken inwardly, and outwardly applied upon the passage of the urine: being
to the place.
mixed with honey and applied to black
All sorts have best operations upon the and blue marks, coming of blows or bruises,
stone, as ointments and plaisters have upon it takes them away; and being drank or
wounds: and therefore you may make a outwardly applied, it abates an high colour,
salt of this for the stone; the way how to and makes it pale ; and the fumes thereof
do so may be found in my translation of the } taken with rosin or raisins, cleanses the
London Dispensatory, and it may be 1{mother.
may give you it again in plainer terms at
BISTORT, OR SNAKEWEED.
the latter end of this book.
It is called Snakeweed, English Serpen-
tary, Dragon-wort, Osterick, and Passions.
Besides the common name Bishop's- Descript.] This has a thick short knobbed
weed, it is usually known by the Greek { root, blackish without, and somewhat red-
name Ammi and Ammois ; some call it dish within, a little crooked or turned
Æthiopian Cummin-seed, and others Cum- together, of a hard astringent taste, with
min-royal, as also Herb William, and Bull- divers black threads hanging therefroin,
whence spring up every year divers leaves,
Descript.] Common Bishop's-weed rises standing upon long footstalks, being some-
up with a round straight stalk, sometimes į what broad and long like a dock leaf, and
as high as a man, but usually three or four { a little pointed at the ends, but that it is of
feet high, beset with divers small, long and { a blueish green colour on the upper side,
somewhat broad leaves, cut in some places, and of an ash-colour grey, and a little pur-
and dented about the edges, growing one plish underneath, with divers veins therein,
against another, of a dark green colour, from among which rise up divers small and
having sundry branches on them, and at the è slender stalks, two feet high, and almost
top small umbels of white flowers, which naked and without leaves, or with a very
turn into small round seeds little bigger than few, and narrow, bearing a spiky bush of
Parsley seeds, of a quick hot scent and pale-coloured flowers; which being past,
taste; the root is white and stringy; perish- there abides small seed, like unto Sorrel
ing yearly, and usually rises again on its seed, but greater.
own sowing
There are other sorts of Bistort growing
Place.] It grows wild in many places in in this land, but smaller, both in height,
England and Wales, as between Green-root, and stalks, and especially in the leaves.
hithe and Gravesend.
The root blackish without, and somewhat
Government and virtues.] It is hot and whitish within; of an austere binding taste',
dry in the third degree, of a bitter taste, as the former.
and somewhat sharp witbal; it provokes Place.] They grow in shadowy moist
lust to purpose;
I
suppose
Venus owns it. ; woods, and at the foot of hills, but are
wort.

20
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
chiefly nourished up in gardens. The nar- immoderate bleeding thereof. The decoc-
row leafed Bistort grows in the north, in tion of the root in water, where unto some
Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Cumberland. pomegranate peels and flowers are added,
Time.] They Aower about the end of injected into the matrix, stays the immo-
May, and the seed is ripe about the begin- derate flux of the courses. The root there-
ning of July.
of with pelitory of Spain, and burnt alum,
Government and virtues.] It belongs to of each a little quantity, beaten small and
Saturn, and is in operation cold and dry; into paste with some honey, and a little
both the leaves and roots have a powerful į piece thereof put into an hollow tooth, or
faculty to resist all poison. The root in held between the teeth, if there be no hol-
powder taken in drink expels the venom {lowness in them, stays the defluction of
of the plague, the small-pox, measels, pur- rheum upon them which causes pains, and
ples, or any other infectious disease, driv- helps to cleanse the head, and void much
ing it out by sweating. The root in powder, offensive water. The distilled water is very
the decoction thereof in wine being drank, effectual to wash sores or cankers in the
stays all manner of inward bleeding, or nose, or any other part; if the powder of
spitting of blood, and any fluxes in the the root be applied thereunto afterwards.
body of either man or woman, or vomiting. It is good also to fasten the gums, and to
It is also very available against ruptures, take away the heat and inflammations that
or burstings, or all bruises from falls, dissolv- } happen in the jaws, almonds of the throat,
ing the congealed blood, and easing the or mouth, if the decoction of the leaves,
pains that happen thereupon; it also helps { roots, or seeds bruised, or the juice of them
the jaundice.
be applied ; but the roots are most effectual
The water distilled from both leaves and to the purposes aforesaid.
roots, is a singular remedy to wash any
place bitten or stung by any venomous
creature; as also for any of the purposes Descript.] This small plant never bears
before spoken of, and is very good to wash more than one leaf, but only when it rises
any running sores or ulcers. The decoction up with its stalk, which thereon bears
of the root in wine being drank, hinders another, and seldom more, which are of a
abortion or miscarriage in child-bearing. } blueish green colour, broad at the bottom,
The leaves also kill the worms in children, and pointed with many ribs or veins like
and is a great help to them that cannot keep Plaintain ; at the top of the stalk grow
their water; if the juice of Plaintain bei many small flowers star-fashion, smelling
added thereto, and outwardly applied, much somewhat sweet; after which comes small
helps the ghonorrhea, or running of the reddish berries when they are ripe. The
reins. A dram of the powder of the root root small of the bigness of a rush, lying
taken in water thereof, wherein some red and creeping under the upper crust of the
hot iron or steel hath been quenched, is also earth, shooting forth in divers places.
an admirable help thereto, so as the body Place.] It grows in moist, shadowy,
be first prepared and purged from the of- grassy places of woods, in many places of
fensive humours. The leaves, sced, or roots this realm.
are all very good in decoctions, drinks or Time. It flowers about May, and the
Totions, for inward or outward wounds, or berries are ripe in June, and then quickly
other sores. And the powder strewed upon perishes, until the next year it springs from
any cut or wound in a vein, stays the the same again.
ONE-BLADE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
27
THB BRAMBLE, OR BLACK-BERRY BUSH.
BLITES.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of berries mixed with the juice of mulberries,
the Sun, and therefore cordial; half a dram, do bind more effectually, and help all fret-
or a dram at most, of the root hereof in ting and eating sores and ulcers wheresoever.
powder taken in wine and vinegar, of each | The distilled water of the branches, leaves,
a little quantity, and the party presently į and flowers, or of the fruit, is very pleasant
laid to sweat, is held to be a sovereign in taste, and very effectual in fevers and hot
remedy for those that are infected with the distempers of the body, head, eyes, and
plague, and have a sore upon them, by ex- other parts, and for the purposes aforesaid.
pelling the poison, and defending the heart The leaves boiled in lye, and the head
and spirits from danger. It is also accounted washed therewith, heals the itch and
a singular good wound herb, and therefore running sores thereof, and makes the hair
used with other herbs in making such balms black. The powder of the leaves strewed
as are necessary for curing of wounds, on cankers and running ulcers, wonderfully
either green or old, and especially if the helps to heal them. Some use to conden-
nerves be hurt.
sate the juice of the leaves, and some the
juice of the berries, to keep for their use
all the year, for the purposes aforesaid.
It is so well known that it needs no
description. The virtues thereof are as
follows:
Descript.] Of these there are two sorts
Government and virtues.] It is a plant of commonly known, viz. white and red.
Venus in Aries. If any ask the reason {The white has leaves somewhat like to
why Venus is so prickly? Tell them it is Beets, but smaller, rounder and of a whitish
because she is in the house of Mars. The green colour, every one standing upon a
buds, leaves, and branches, while they are small long footstalk: the stalk rises up two
green, are of a good use in the ulcers and or three feet high, with such like leaves
putrid sores of the mouth and throat, and thereón; the flowers grow at the top in long
of the quinsey, and likewise to heal other round tufts or clusters, wherein are con-
fresh wounds and sores; but the flowers:tained small and round seed; the root is
and fruits unripe are very binding, and so 'very full of threads or strings.
profitable for the bloody Aux, lasks, and The red Blite is in all things like the
are a fit remedy for spitting of blood. white, but that his leaves and tufted heads
Either the decoction of the powder or of are exceeaing red at first, and after turn
the root taken, is good to break or drive more purple.
forth gravel and the stone in the reins and There are other kinds of Blites which
kidneys. The leaves and brambles, as grow different from the two former sorts
well green as dry, are exceeding good lotions but little, but only the wild are smaller in
for sores in the mouth, or secret parts. every part.
The decoction of them, and of the dried Place.] They grow in gardens, and wild
branches, do inuch bind the belly and are in many places in this land,
good for too much flowing of women's Time.] They seed in August and Sep-
courses; the berries of the flowers are a štember.
powerful remedy against the poison of the Government and virtues.] They are all
most venomous serpents; as well drank as of them cooling, drying, and binding, serv-
outwardly applied, helps the sores of the ing to restrain the fluxes of blood in either
fundament and the piles; the juice of the man or woman, especially the red ; which
(3.)
1

28
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CYA
in women.
BORAGE AND BUGLOSS.
also stays the overflowing of the women's Time.] They flower in June and July,
red's, as the white Blites stays the whites and the seed is ripe shortly after.
.
It is an excellent secret; you
Government and virtues.] They are all
cannot well fail in the use. They are all three herbs of Jupiter and under Leo, all
under the dominion of Venus.
great cordials, and great strengtheners of
There is another sort of wild Blites like nature. The leaves and roots are to very
the other wild kinds, but have long and good purpose used in putrid and pestilential
spiky heads of greenish seeds, seeming by fevers, to defend the heart, and help to
the thick setting together to be all seed. resist and expel the poison, or the venom
This sort the fishers are delighted with, of other creatures : the seed is of the like
and it is good and usual bait; for fishes į effects; and the seed and leaves are good
will bite fast enough at them, if you have to increase milk in women's breasts; the
wit enough to catch them when they bite. leaves, flowers and seed, all or any of
them, are good to expel pensiveness and
melancholy; it helps to clarify the blood,
and mitigate heat in fevers. The juice
These are so well known to the inhabi- made into a syrup prevaiis much to all
tants in every garden that I hold it needless the purposes aforesaid, and is put, with other
to describe them.
cooling, opening and cleansing herbs to
To these I may add a third sort, which open obstructions, and help the yellow jaun-
is not so cominon, nor yet so well known, dice, and mixed with Fumitory, to cool
and therefore I shall give you its name and cleanse, and temper the blood thereby ; it
description.
helps the itch, ringworms and tetters, or
It is called Langue de Bæuf ; but why other spreading seabs or sores. The flowers
then should they call one herb by the name candied or made into a conserve, are help-
of Bugloss, and another by the name Langue ful in the former cases, but are chiefly used
de Beuf ? it is some question to me, seeing as a cordial, and are good for those that
one signifies Ox-tongue in Greck, and the are weak in long sickness, and to comfort
other signifies the same in French. the heart and spirits of those that are in a
Descript.] The leaves whereof are smaller consumption, or troubled with often swoon-
than those of Bugloss but much rougher; fings, or passions of the heart. The distilled
the stalks rising up about a foot and a half water is no less effectual to all the purposes
high, and is most commonly of a red colour; aforesaid, and helps the redness and inflam-
the flowers stand in scaly round heads, mations of the eyes, being washed there-
being composed of many small yellow with ; the herb dried is never used, but the
flowers not much unlike to those of Dan-green; yet the ashes thereof boiled in
delion, and the seed flieth away in down mead, or honied water, is available against
as that doth; you may easily know the the inflammations and ulcers in the mouth
flowers by their taste, for they are very or throat, to gargle it therewith; the roots
bitter.
of Bugloss are effectual, being made into
Place.] It grows wild in many places a licking electuary for the cough, and 10
of this land, and may be plentifully found {condensate thick phlegm, and the rheuma-
near London, as between Rotherhithe and tic distillations upon the lungs.
Deptford, by the ditch side. Its virtues
BLUE-BOTTLE.
are held to be the same with · Borage and
Buglogs, only this is somewhat hotter. It is called Syanus, I suppose from the

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
29
BRANK URSINE.
colour of it: Hurt-sickle, because it turns The juice dropped into the eyes takes away
the edge of the sickles that reap the corn; } the heat and inflanımation of them. The
Blue-blow, Corn Hower, and Blue-bottle. distilled water of this herb, has the same
Descript.] I shall only describe that properties, and may be used for the effects
which is commonest, and in my opinion aforesaid.
most useful; its leaves spread upon the
ground, being of a whitish green colour,
somewhat on the edges like those of Corn- BESIDES the common name Brank-
Scabions, amongst which rises up a stalk | Ursine, it is also called Bear’s-breech, and
divided into divers branches, beset with Acanthus, though I think our English
long leaves of a greenish colour, either but { names to be more proper; for the Greek
very little indented, or not at all; the word Acanthus, signifies any thistle what-
flowers are of a blueish colour, from whence soever.
it took its name, consisting of an innumera- Descript.] This thistle shoots forth very
ble company of flowers set in a scaly head, { many large, thick, sad green smooth leaves
not much unlike those of Knap-weed; the on the ground, with a very thick and juicy
seed is smooth, bright, and shining, wrapp- { middle rib; the leaves are parted with
ed up in a wooly mantle ; the root perishes sundry deep gashes on the edges; the leaves
every year.
remain a long time, before any stalk ap-
Place.] They grow in corn fields, amongst pears, afterwards rises up a reasonable big
all sorts of corn, (pease, beans, and tares stalki
, three or four feet high, and bravely
excepted.) If you please to take them up decked with flowers from the middle of the
from thence, and transplant them in your stalk upwards ; for on the lower part of the
garden, especially towards the full of stalk, there is neither branches nor leaf.
the moon, they will grow more double than The flowers are hooded and gaping, being
they are, and many times change colour. white in colour, and standing in brownish
Time.] They flower from the beginning | husks, with a long small undivided leaf
of May, to the end of harvest.
under each leaf; they seldom seed in our
Government and virtues.] As they aro country. Its roots are many, great and
naturally cold, dry, and binding, so they thick, blackish without and whitish within,
are under the dominion of Saturn. The full of a clammy sap; a pioce of them if
powder or dried leaves of the Blue-bottle, you set it in the garden, and defend it from
or Corn flower, is given with good success the first Winter cold, will grow and flourish.
to those that are bruised by a fall, or have Place.] They are only nursed in the
broken a vein inwardly, and void much | gardens in Englan:", where they will grow
blood at the inouth; being taken in the very well.
water of Plantain, Horsetail, or the greater Time.] It flowers in June and July.
Comfrey, it is a remedy against the poison Government and virtues.] It is an excel-
of the scorpion, and resists all venons and } lent plant under the dominion of the Moon;
poison. The seed or leaves taken in wine, I could wish such as are studious would
is very good against the plague, and all in- ; labour to keep it in their gardens. The
fectious diseases, and is very good in pes- leaves being boiled and used in clysters, is
tilential fevers. The juice put into fresh or { excellent good to molify the belly, and
green wounds, doth quickly solder up the į make the passage slippery. The decoction
lips of them together, and is very effectual drank inwardly, is excellent and good for
to heal all ulcers and sores in the mouth. the bloody-ftuš: The leaves being bruised,

30
THE COMPLETE HERBAL.
out.
BRIONY, OR WILD VINE.
or rather boiled and applied like a poultice; be exceeding great, with many long twines
are excellent good to unite broken bones or branches going from it, of a pale whitish
and strengthen joints that have been put colour on the outside, and more white
The decoction of either leaves or within, and of a sharp, bitter, loathsome
roots being drank, and the decoction of taste.
leaves applied to the place, is excellent Place.] It grows on banks, or under
good for the king's evil that is broken and hedges, through this land; the roots le
runs; for by the influence of the moon, very deep.
it revives the ends of the veins which are Time.] It flowers in July and August,
relaxed. There is scarce a better remedy to some earlier, and some later than the other.
be applied to such places as are burnt with Government and virtues.] They are furious
fire than this is, for it fetches out the fire, martial plants. The root of Briony purges
and heals it without a scar. This is an the belly with great violence, troubling the
excellent remedy for such as are bursten, stomach and burning the liver, and there-
being either taken inwardly, or applied to fore not rashly to be taken; but being cor-
the place. In like manner used, it helps rected, is very profitable for the diseases
the cramp and the gout. It is excellently of the head, as falling sickness, giddiness,
good in hectic fevers, and restores radical and swimmings, by drawing away much
moisture to such as are in consumptions, phlegm and rheumatic humours that op-
press the head, as also the joints and
sinews; and is therefore good for palsies,
It is called Wild, and Wood Vine, Tarnus, convulsions, cramps, and stitches in the
or Ladies' Seal. The white is called White įsides, and the dropsy, and for provoking
Vine by some ; and the black, Black Vine. urine; it cleanses the reins and kidneys
Descript.] The common White Briony from gravel and stone, by opening the ob-
grows rainping upon the hedges, sending structions of the spleen, and consumes the
forth many long, rough, very tender hardness and swelling thereof. The de-
branches at the beginning, with many very coction of the root in wine, drank once a
Tough, and broad leaves thereon, cut (for week at going to bed, cleanses the mother,
the most part) into five partitions, in form and helps the rising thereof, expels the
very like a vine leaf, but sinaller, rough, and } dead child ; a dram of the root in powder
of a whitish hoary green colour, spreading taken in white wine, brings down their
very far, spreading and twining with his courses. An electuary made of the roots
sanall claspers (that come forth at the joints and honey, doth mightily cleanse the chest
with the leaves) very far on whatsoever of rotten phlegm, and wonderfully help
stands next to it. At the several joints any old strong cough, to those that are
also (especially towards the top of the troubled with shortness of breath, and is
branches) comes forth a long stalk bearing good for them that are bruised inwardly, to
many whitish flowers together on a long help to expel the clotted or congealed blood.
tuft, consisting of five small leaves a-piece, The leaves, fruit, and root do cleanse old
laid open like a star, after which come the and filthy sores, are good against all fret-
berries separated one from another, more ting and running cankers, grangrenes, and
than a cluster of grapes, green at the first, tetters, and therefore the berries are by
and very red when they are thorough ripe, some country people called tetter-berries.
of no good scent, but of a most loathsome The root cleanses the skin wonderfully
taste provokes vomit. The root grows to from all black and blue spots, freckles,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
31
BROOK LIME, OR WATER-PIMPERNEL.
morphew, leprosy, foul scars, or other de- provoke urine, and help to break the stone,
formity whatsoever; also all running scabs and pass it away; they procure women's
and manginess are healed by the powder of courses, and expel the dead child. Being
the dried root, or the juice thereof, but fried with butter and vinegar, and applied
especially by the fine white hardened juice. warm, it helps all manner of tumours, gwel-
The distilled water of the root works the lings, and inflammations.
same effects, but more weakly; the root Such drinks ought to be made of sundry
bruised and applied of itself to any place herbs, according to the malady. I shall
where the bones are broken, helps to draw give a plain and easy rule at the latter end
thern forth, as also splinters and thorns in of this book.
the flesh; and being applied with a little
wine mixed therewith, it breaks boils, and
SA BUTCIIER'S BROOM.
helps whitlows on the joints. For all these It is called Ruscus, and Bruscus, Knee-
latter, beginning at sores, cancers, &c. holm, Kneeholly, Kneehulver, and Petti-
apply it outwardly, mixing it with a little gree.
hog's grease, or other convenient ointment. Descript.] The first shoots that sprout
As for the former diseases where it must from the root of Butcher's Broom, are
be taken inwardly, it purges very violently, thick, whitish, and short, somewhat like
and needs an abler hand to correct it than those of Asparagus, but greater, they rise
most country people have.
up to be a foot and a half high, are spread
into divers branches, green, and somewhat
creassed with the roundness, tough and flex-
Descript.] This sends forth from aible, whereon are set somewhat broad and
creeping root that shoots forth strings at almost round hard leaves and prickly,
every joint, as it runs, divers and sundry pointed at the end, of a dark green colour,
green stalks, round and sappy with some two for the most part set at a place, very
branches on them, somewhat broad, round, close and near together; about the middle
deep green, and thick leaves set by couples of the leaf, on the back and lower side
thereon ; from the bottom whereof shoot į from the middle rib, breaks forth a small
forth long foot-stalks, with sundry small whitish green flower, consisting of four
blue flowers on them, that consist of five small round pointed leaves, standing upon
small round pointed leaves a pice. little or no foot-stalk, and in the place
There is another sort nothing different whereof comes a small round berry, green
from the former, but that it is greater, and at the first, and red when it is ripe, wherein
the flowers of a paler green colour. are two or three white, hard, round seeds
Place.] They grow in small standing contained. The root is thick, white and
waters, and usually near Water Cresses, great at the head, and from thence sends
Time. And flower in June and July, forth divers thick, while long, tough strings.
giving seed the next month after.
Place.] It grows in copses, and upon
Government and virtues.] It is a hot and heaths and waste grounds, and oftentimes
biting martial plant:
Brook-lime and under or near the holly bushes. de lice loca
Water-Cresses are generally used togetherl. Time.] It shoots forth its young buds
in diet-drink, with other things serving to in the Spring, and the berries are ripe
purge the blood and body from all ill about September, the branches of leaves
humours that would destroy health, and į abiding green all the Winter.
are helpful to the scurvy. They do all Government and virtues.] It is a plant of
K

32
AT THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Mars, being of a gallant cleansing and for the powder of the seed taken in drink,
opening quality. The decoction of the purges downwards, and draws phlegmatic
root made with wine opens obstructions, and watery humours from the joints, where-
provokes urine, helps to expel gravel and hy it helps the dropsy, gout, sciatica, and
the stone, the stranguary and women's pains of the hips and joints; it also pro-
courses, also the yellow jaundice and the vokes strong vomits, and helps the pains of
head-ache; And with some honey or sugar the sides, and swelling of the spleen,
put thereunto, cleanses the breast of phlegm, cleanses also the reins or kidneys and blad-
and the chest of such clammy humours į der of the stone, provokes urine abundantly,
gathered therein. The decoction of the įand hinders the growing again of the stone
root drank, and a poultice made of the in the body. The continual use of the
berries and leaves applied, are effectual in powder of the leaves and seed doth cure
knitting and consolidating broken bones or the black jaundice. The distilled water of
parts out of joint. The common way of the flowers is profitable for all the same
using it, is to boil the root of it, and Parsley } purposes : il also helps surfeits, and alters
and Fennel and Smallage in white wine, and the fit of agues, if three or four ounces
drink the decoction, adding the like quan- thereof, with as much of the water of the
tity of Grass-root to them : The more of lesser Centaury, and a little sugar put there-
the root you boil, the stronger will the de- in, be taken a little before the fit comes,
coction be; it works no ill effects, yet I and the party be laid down to sweat in his
hope you have wit enough to give the bed. The oil or water that is drawn from
strongest decoction to the strongest bodies. the end of the green sticks heated in the
fire, helps the tooth-ache. The juice of
young branches made into an ointment of
To spend time in writing a description old hog's grease, and anointed, or the young
hereof is altogether needless, it being so branches bruised and heated in oil or hog's
generally used by all the good housewives grease, and laid to the sides pained by
almost through this land to sweep their wind, as in stitches, or the spleen, ease
houses with, and therefore very well known them in once or twice using it. The same
to all sorts of people.
boiled in oil is the safest and surest medicine
The Broom-rape springs up in many to kill lice in the head or body of any ;
places from the roots of the broom (but and is an especial remedy for joint aches,
more often in fields, as by hedge-sides and and swollen knees, that come by the falling
on heaths. The stalk whereof is of the down of humours.
bigness of a finger or thumb, above two The BROOM Rape also is not wrthout its
feet high, having a shew of leaves on them,
virtues.
and many flowers at the top, of a reddish
yellow colour, as also the stalks and leaves The decoction thereof in wine, is thought
to be as effectual to void the stone in the
Place.] They grow in many places of kidney or bladder, and to provoke urine,
this land commonly, and as commonly as the Broom itself. The juice thereof is
spoil all the land they grow in.
a singular good help to cure as well green
Time.] They flower in the Summer wounds, as old and filthy sores and mali :-
months, and give their seed before Winter. nant ulcers. The insolate oil, wherein the re
Government and virtues.] The juice or has been three or four repetitions of infusion
decoction of the young branches, or seed, of the top stalks, with flowers strained and
BROOM, AND BROOM-RAPE.
are.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
33
cleared, cleanses the skin from all manner stomachs that cannot retain, but cast up
of spots, marks, and freckles that rise either their meat. It stays all bleeding both at
by the heat of the sun, or the malignity of mouth or nose; bloody urine or the bloody-
humours. As for the Broom and Brocm- Aux, and stops the lask of the belly and
rape, Mars owns them, and is exceeding pre- bowels. The leaves hereof bruised and
judicial to the liver; I suppose by reason } laid to their sides that have an ague, sud-
of the antipathy between Jupiter and Mars, į denly eases the fit; and the leaves and roots
therefore if the liver be disaffected, minister applied to the wrists, works the same effects.
none of it.
The herb boiled in ale and wine, and given
BUCK'S-HORN PLANTAIN.
for some mornings and evenings together,
stays the distillation of hot and sharp
Descript.] Tuis being sown of seed, rheums falling into the eyes from the head,
rises up at first with small, long, narrow, and helps all sorts of sore eyes.
hairy, dark green leaves like grass, without
any division or gash in them, but those that
BUCK's HORN.
follow are gashed in on both sides the
leaves into three or four gashes, and pointed Herba-stellaria, Sanguinaria, Herb-Eve,
Iz is called Hart's-horn, Herba-stella, and
at the ends, resembling the knags of a buck's Herb-Ivy, Wort-Tresses, and Swine-Cresses,
horn, (whercof it took its name) and being
well wound round about the root upon the
Descript.] They have many small and
ground, in order one by another, thereby there upon the ground: The leaves are
weak straggling branches trailing here and
resembling the form of a star, from among
which rise up divers hairy stalks about a
many, small and jagged, not much unlike
hand's breath high, bearing every one a
to those of Buck’s-horn Plantain, but much
small, long spiky head, like to those of the smaller, and not so hairy. The flowers
common Plantain, having such like bloom- grow among the leaves in small, rough,
whitish clusters ; The seeds are smaller and
ings and seed after them. The root is
brownish, of a bitter taste.
single, long and small, with divers strings
Place.] They grow in dry, barren, sandy
Place.] They grow in sandy grounds, as
grounds.
in Tothill fields by Westminster, and divers
Time.] They flower and seed when the
rest of the Plantains do.
other places of this land.
Tirie.] They flower and seed in May, ļ under the dominion of Saturn ; the virtues
Government and virtues.] This is also
June, and July, and their green leaves do
in a manner abide fresh all the Winter.
are held to be the same as Buck's-horn
Government and virtues.] It is under the Plantain, and therefore by all authors it is
dominion of Saturn, and is of a gallant, joined with it. The leaves bruised and ap-
drying, and binding quality. This boiled plied to the place, stop bleeding. The
in wine and drank, and some of the leares herbs bruised and applied to warts, will
put to the hurt place, is an excellent make them consume and waste in a short
time.
remedy for the biting of the viper or adder,
borroir seboza
which I take to be one and the same : The
same being also drank, helps those that are
troubled with the stone in the veins or kid- Besides the name Bugle, it is callea
neys, by cooling the heat of the part af- Middle Confound and Middle Confrey,
flicted, and strengthens them; also weak Brown Bugle, and by some Sicklewort, and
at it.
BUGLE.

34
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Herb-Carpenter ; though in Essex we callſ for those that are liver-grown (as they ca,
another herb by that name.
it.) It is wonderful in curing all manner o
Descript.] This has larger leaves than ulcers and sores, whether new and fresh
those of the Self-heal, but else of the same or old and inveterate; yea, gangrenes and
fashion, or rather longer; in some green on ; fistulas also, if the leaves bruised and ap-
the upper side, and in others more brown- plied, or their juice be used to wash and
ish, dented about the edges, somewhat hairy, bathe the place, and the same made into a
as the square stalk is also which rises up to lotion, and some honey and alum cures
be half a yard high sometimes, with the all sores in the mouth and gums, be they
leaves set by couples, from the middle never so foul, or of long continuance; and
almost
, whereof upwards stand the flowers, works no less powerfully and effectually for
together with many smaller and brownersuch ulcers and sores as happen in the
leaves than the rest, on the stalk below set secret parts of men and women. Being
at distance, and the stalk bare between į also taken inwardly, or outwardly applied,
them; among which flowers, are also small it helps those that have broken any bone,
önes of a blueish and sometimes of an ash or have any member out of joint. An
colour, fashioned like the flowers of Ground=ş ointment made with the leaves of Bugle,
ivy, after which come small, round blackish Scabions and Sanicle bruised and boiled
seeds. The root is composed of many in hog's grease, until the herbs be dry, and
strings, and spreads upon the ground. then strained forth into a pot for such
The white flowered Bugle differs not in occasions as shall require; it is so singularly
form or greatness from the former, saving good for all sorts of hurts in the body, that
that the leaves and stalks are always green, none that know its usefulness will be with-
and never brown, like the other, and the out it.
flowers thereof are white.
The truth is, I have known this hurb cure
Place.] They grow in woods, copses, some diseases of Saturn, of which I thought
and fields, generally throughout England, good to quote one. Many times such as
but the white flowered Bugle is not so give themselves much to drinking are
plentiful as the former.
troubled with strange fancies, strange sights
Time.] They flower from May until July, in the night time, and some with voices,
and in the mean time perfect their seed. as also with the disease Ephialtes, or the
The roots and leaves next thereunto upon } Mare. I take the reason of this to be
the ground abiding all the Winter.
(according to Fernelius) a melancholy
Government and virtues.] This herb be-vapour made thin by excessive drinking
longs to Dame Venus : If the virtues of it strong liquor, and so flies up and disturbs.
make you fall in love with it (as they will the fancy, and breeds inaginations like
if you be wise) keep a syrup of it to take itself, viz. fearful and troublesoine. Those
inwardly, an ointment and plaister of it I have know cured by taking only two
to use outwardly, always by you.
spoonfuls of the syrup of this herb after
The decoction of the leaves and flowers supper two hours, when you go to bed.
made in wine, and taken, dissolves the con- But whether this does it by sympathy or
gealed blood in those that are bruised in- antipathy, is some doubt in astrology. I
wardly by a fall, or otherwise is very know there is great antipathy between
effectual for any inward wounds, thursts, Saturn and Venus in matter of procreation;
or stabs in the body or bowels; and it is yea, such a one, that the barrenness of
an especial help in all wound-drinks, and Saturn can be removed by none but Venus,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
BURNET.
nor the lust of Venus be repelled by none; the body in health, and the spirits in vigour;
but Saturn ; but I am not of opinion this į for if the Sun be the preserver of life under
is done this way, and my reason is, because God, his herbs are the best in the world to
these vapours though in quality melan- { do it by. They are accounted to be both of
choly, yet by their flying upward, seem to one property, but the lesser is more effectual
be something aerial; therefore I rather think because quicker and more aromatic: It
it is done by antipathy; Saturn being is a friend to the heart, liver, and other
exalted in Libra, in the house of Venus. principal parts of a man's body. Two or
three of the stalks, with leaves put into a
cup of wine, especially claret, are known
to quicken the spirits, refresh and cheer the
It is called Sanguisorbia, Pimpinella, heart, and drive away melancholy: It is a
Bipulo, Solbegrella, &c. The common special help to defend the heart from noi-.
garden Burnet is so well known, that it some vapours, and from infection of the
needs no description.---There is another sort pestilence, the juice thereof being taken in
which is wild, the description whereof take some drink, and the party laid to sweat
as follows.
thereupon. They have also a drying and
Descript.] The great wild Burnet has an astringent quality, whereby they are
winged leaves arising from the roots like the į available in all manner of fluxes of blood
garden Burnet, but not so many; yet each for humours, to staunch bleedings inward or
of these leaves are at the least twice as į outward, lasks, scourings, the bloody-flux,
large as the other, and nicked in the same women's too abundant flux of courses, the
manner about the edges, of a greyish colour ; whites, and the choleric belchings and cast-
on the under side; the stalks are greater, žings of the stomach, and is a singular
and rise higher, with many such leaves set wound-herb for all sorts of wounds, both
thereon, and greater heads at the top, of a of the head and body, either inward or out-
brownish colour, and out of them come ward, for all old ulcers, running cankers,
smal: dark purple flowers, like the former, ſand most sores, to be used either by the
but greater. The root is black and long juice or decoction of the herb, or by the
like the other, but great also: it has almost powder of the herb or root, or the water of
neither scent nor taste therein, like the gar- the distilled herb or ointment by itself, or
den kind.
with other things to be kept. The seed is
Place.] It first grows frequently in gar- ; also no less effectual both to stop fluxes,
dens. The wild kind grows in divers and dry up moist sores, being taken in
counties of this land, especially in Hunting-powder inwardly in wine, or steeled water,
don, in Northamptonshire, in the meadows that is, wherein hot rods of steel have been
there: as also near London, by Pancras quenched; or the powder, or the seed
church, and by a causeway-side in the middle {mixed with the ointments.
of a field by Paddington.
Time.] They flower about the end of THE BUTTER-BUR, OR PETASITIS.
June, and beginning of July, and their seed
is ripe in August.
Descript.] This rises up in February,
Government and virtues.] This is an herb { with a thick stalk about a foot high, where-
the Sun challenges dominion over, and is on are set a few small leaves, or rather
a most precious herb, little inferior to pieces, and at the tops a long spiked head;
Betony; the continual use of it preserves flowers of a blue or deep red colour, ac-
10-
(4.)
L

36
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
THE BURDOCK.
cordiny to the soil where it grows, and be-
fore the stalk with the flowers have abiden
a month above ground, it will be witnered } They are also called Personata, and
and gone, and blow away with the wind, Loppy-major, great Burdock and Clod-bur
and the leaves will begin to spring, which It is so well known, even by the little boys,
being full grown, are very large and broad, who pull off the burs to throw and stick
bring somewhat thin and almost round, upon each other, that I shall spare to write
whose thick red foot stalks above a foot any description of it.
long, stand towards the middle of the leaves. Place.] They grow plentifully by ditches
The lower part being divided into two round and water-sides, and by the highways al-
parts, close almost one to another, and are most every where through this land.
of a pale green colour; and hairy under- Government and virtues.] Venus chal-
neath. The root is long, and spreads under lenges this herb for her own, and by its leat
ground, being in some places no bigger than or seed you may draw the womb which
ones finger, in others much bigger, blackish way you please, either upwards by applying
on the outside, and whitish within, of ait to the crown of the head, in case it falls
bitter and unpleasant taste.
out; or downwards in fits of the mother,
Place and Time.] They grow in low and } by applying it to the soles of the feet; or
wet grounds by rivers and water sides. } if you would stay it in its place, apply it to
Their flower (as is said) rising and decaying the navel, and that is one good way to stay
in February and March, before their leaves, the child in it. The Burdock leaves are
which appear in April.
cooling, moderately drying, and discussing
Government and virtues.] It is under the withal, whereby it is good for old ulcers and
dominion of the Sun, and therefore is a sorey. A dram of the roots taken with
great strengthener of the heart, and clearer { Pine kernels, helps them that spit foul,
of the vital spirits. The roots thereof are mattery, and bloody phlegm. The leaves
by long experience found to be very avail- s applied to the places troubled with the
able against the plague and pestilential shrinking of the sinews or arteries, give much
fevers by provoking sweat; if the powder ease. The juice of the leaves, or rather
thereof be taken in wine, it also resisis the the roots themselves, given to drink with
force of arıy other poison. The root hereof old wine, doth wonderfully help the biting
taken with Zedoary and Angelica, or without of any serpents: And the root beaten with
them, helps the rising of the mother. The a little salt, and laid on the place, suddenly
decoction of the root in wine, is singularly eases the pain thereof, and helps those that
good for those that wheese much, or are are bit by a mad dog. The juice of the
short winded. It provokes urine also, and leaves being drank with honey, provokes
women's courses, and kills the flat and į urine, and remedies the pain of the bladder.
broad worms in the belly. The powder of The seed being drank in wine forty days
the root doth wonderfully help to dry up together, doth wonderfully help the sciatica
the moisture of the sores that are hard to be The leaves bruised with the white of an egg,
cured, and takes away all spots and and applied to any place burnt with fire,
plemishes of the skin. It were well if takes out the fire, gives sudden ease, and
gentlewomen would keep this root preserved, heals it up afterwards. The decoction of
to help their poor neighbours. It is fit the them fomented on any fretting sore
rich should help the poor, for the poor cannot canker, stays the corroding quality, which
heip themselves
must be afterwards anointed with an oint-
or

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
CABBAGES AND COLEWORTS.
ment made of the same liquor, hog's-grease, mended, being eaten before meat to keep
nitre, and vinegar boiled together. The one from surfeiting, as also from being
routs may be preserved with sugar, and { drunk with too much wine, or quickly to
taken fasting, or at other times, for the same make a man suber again that is drunk be-
purposes, and for consumptions, the stone, fore For (as they say). there is such an
and the lask. The seed is much commended antipathy or eninity between the Vine and
to break the stone, and cause it to be ex- the Coleworts, that the one will die where
pelled by urine, and is often used with the other grws. The decoction of Cole-
other seeds and things to that purpose. worts takes away the pain and äche, and
allays the swellings of sores and gouty
legs and knees, wherein many gross and
I SHALL spare labour in writing a des- watery humours are fallen, the place being
cription of these, since almost every one bathed therewith warm. It helps also old
that can but write at all, may describe and filthy sores, being bathed therewith,
them from his own knowledge, they being and heals all small scabs, pushes, and
generally so well known, that descriptions wheals, that break out in the skin.
The
are altogether needless.
ashes of Colewort stalks mixed with old
Place.] They are generally planted in, hog's grease, are very effectual to anoint
gardens.
the sides of those that have had long pains
Time.] Their flower time is towards the therein, or any other place pained with
middle, or end of July, and the seed is į melancholy and windy humours. This was
ripe in August.
surely Chrysippus's God, and therefore he
Government and virtues.] The Cabbages i wrote a whole volume on them and their
or Coleworts boiled gently in broth, and virtues, and that none of the least neithe
eaten, do open the body, but the second for he would be no small fool : He appro-
decoction doth bind the body. The juice priates them to every part of the body, and
thereof drank in wine, helps those that are to every disease in every part; and honest
bitten by an adder, and the decoction of the old Cato (they say) used no other physic.
flowers brings down women's courses :! I know not what metal their bodies were
Being taken with honey, recovers hoarse made of; this I am sure, Cabbages are
ness, or loss of the voice. The often cating extremely windy, whether you take them as
of them well boiled, helps those that are meat or as medicine: yea, as windy meat
entering into a consumption. The pulp of as can be eaten, unless you eat bag-pipes or
the middle ribs of Coleworts boiled in al- bellows, and they are but seldom eaten in
mond milk, and made up into an electuary our days; and Colewort flowers are some-
with honey, being taken often, is very pro- thing more tolerahle, and the wholesomer
fitable for those that are puffy and short food of the two. The Moon challenges the
winded. Being boiled twice, an old cock i dominion of this herb.
boiled in the broth and drank, it helps the
pains, and the obstructions of the liver and
spleen, and the stone in the kidneys. The Descript.] This has divers somewhat
juice boiled with honey, and dropped into long and broad large and thick wrinkled
the corner of the eyes, clears the sight, | leaves, somewhat crumpled about the edges,
by consuming any film or cloud beginning and growing each upon a thick footstalk,
to din it; it also consumes the canker very brittle, of a greyish green colour,
growing therein. They are much com- from among which rises up a strong thick
THE SEA COLE WORTS.

38
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
stalk, two feet high, and belter, with some lands, and dry grounds in many places of
.eaves thereon to the top, where it branches this land.
forth much; and on every branch stands a Time.] They flower in July, and their
large bush of pale whitish flowers, consist- seed is ripe quickly after.
ing of four leaves a-piece: The root is Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
soi,ewhat great, shoots forth many branches Mercury, and a strong one too, therefore
under ground, keeping the leaves green all excellent good in all afflictions of the brain.
the winter.
The decoction of the herb being drank,
Place.] They grow in many places upon brings down women's courses, and provokes
the sea-coasts, as well on the Kentish as urine. It is profitable for those that are
Essex shores ; as at Lid in Kent, Colches- bursten, or troubled with convulsions or
ter in Essex, and divers other places, and cramps, with shortness of breath, or choleric
in other counties of this land.
torments and pains in their bellies or
Time.] They flower and seed about the stomach; it also helps the yellow-jaundice,
time that other kinds do.
and stays vomiting, being taken in wine.
Government and virtues.] The Moon Taken with salt and honey, it kills all
claims the dominion of these also. The manner of worms in the body. It helps
broth, or first decoction of the Sea Colewort, such as have the leprosy, either taken in-
doth by the sharp, nítrous, and bitter qual- wardly, drinking whey after it, or the green
ities therein, open the belly, and purge the herb outwardly applied. It hinders con-
body; it cleanses and digests more power- ception in women, but either burned or
fully than the other kind: The seed hereof strewed in the chamber, it drives away
bruised and drank kills worms. The leaves venomous serpents. It takes away black
or the juice of them applied to sores or and blue marks in the face, and makes
ulcers, "cleanses and heals them, and dis- black scars become well coloured, if the
solves swellings, and takes away inflam- í green herb (not the dry) be boiled in wine,
mations.
and laid to the place, or the place washed
therewith. Being applied to the huckle-
bone, by continuance of time, it spends the
humours, which cause the pain of the
Descript.] This is a small herb, seldom sciatica. The juice being dropped into
rising above a foot high, with square hairy, the ears, kills the worms in them. The
and woody stalks, and two small hoary leaves boiled in wine, and drank, provoke
leaves set ai a joint, about the height of sweat, and open obstructions of the liver
Marjoram,or not much bigger, a little dented and spleen. It helps them that have a ter-
about the edges, and of a very fierce or tian ague (the body being first purged) by
quick scent, as the whole herb is : The taking away the cold fits. The decoction
flowers stand at several spaces of the stalks, hereof, with some sugar put thereto after-
frorn the middle almost upwards, which are wards, is very profitable for those that be
small and gaping like to those of the Mints, troubled with the over-flowing of the gall,
of a pale bluish colour: After which follow and that have an old cough, and that are
small, round blackish seed. The root is scarce able to breathe by shortness of their
small and woody, with divers small strings wind; that have any cold distemper in their
spreading within the ground, and dies not bowels, and are troubled with the hardness
but abides many years.
of the spleen, for all which purposes, both
Piace.] It grows on heaths, and up- the powder, called Diacaluminthes, and the
CALAMINT, OR MOUNTAIN-MINT.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
39
nine part.
CAMOMILE.
compound Syrup of Calamint are the most comfort both it and the brain. The oil
effectual. Let no woman be too busy with made of the flowers of Camomile, is much
it, for it works very violent upon the femi- used against all hard swellings, pains or
aches, shrinking of the sinews, or cramps,
Oi wins in the joints, or any other part of
the body. Being used in clysters, it helps
to dissolve the wind and pains in the belly ;
It is so well known every where, that it anointed also, it helps stitches and pains in
is but lost time and labour to describe it. the sides.
The virtues thereof are as follow.
Nechessor saith, the Egyptians dedicated
A decoction made of Camomile, and it to the Sun, because it cured agues, and
drank, takes away all pains and stitches in they were like enough to do it, for they
the side. The flowers of Camomile beaten, were the arrantest apes in their religion
and made up into balls with Gill, drive away that I ever read of. Bachinus, Bena, and
all sorts of agues, if the part grieved be Lobel, commend the syrup made of the
anointed with that oil, taken from the juice of it and sugar, taken inwardly, to be
flowers, from the crown of the head to the excellent for the spleen. Also this is cer-
sole of the foot, and afterwards laid to tain, that it most wonderfully breaks the
sweat in his bed, and that he sweats well. stone: Some take it in syrup or decoction,
This is Nechessor, an Egyptian's, medicine. } others inject the juice of it into the bladder
It is profitable for all sorts of agues that with a syringe. My opinion is, that the
come either from phlegm, or melancholy. salt of it, taken half a dram in the norning
or from an inflammation of the bowels, ļ in a little white or Rhenish wine, is better
being applied when the humours causing than either; that it is excellent for the stone,
them shall be concocted; and there is appears in this which I have seen tried,
nothing more profitable to the sides and viz. That a stone that has been taken out
region of the liver and spleen than it. The of the body of a man being wrapped in
bathing with a decoction of Carnomile } Camomile, will in time dissolve, and in a
takes away weariness, cases pains, to what little time too.
part of the body soever they be applied.
It comforts the sinews that are over-strained,
molifies all swellings: It moderately com-
forts all parts that have need of warmth, They are called also Tribulus Aquaticus,
digests and dissolves whatsoever lias need | Tribulus Lacusoris, Tribulus, Marinus,
thereof, by a wonderful speedy property. Caltrops, Saligos, Water Nuts, and Water
It eases all pains of the cholic and stone, Chesnuts.
and all pains and torments of the belly, Descript.] As for the greater sort of
and gently provokes urine. The flowers } Water Caltrop it is not found here, or very
boiled in posset-drink provokes “sweat, and { rarely. Two other sorts there are which
help to expel all colds, aches and pains ; I shall here describe. The first has a long
whatsoever, and is an excellent help to creeping and jointed root, sending forth
bring down women's courses. Syrup made tufts at each joint, from which joints rise
of the juice of Camomile, with the flowers long flat, slender knotted stalks, even to
in white wine, is a remedy against the the top of the water, divided towards the
jaundice and dropsy. The flowers boiled top into many branches, each carrying
in lye, are good to wash the licad, and two leaves on both sides, being about two
WATER-CALTROPS.
es
(4.)
M

40
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
inches long, and half an inch broad, thin on the end unto the middle, making them
and almost transparent, they look as though i seem to be two a-piece, sinelling somewhat
they were torn; the flowers are long, thick sweet, and each of them standing in a
and whitish, set together almost like a large green striped hairy husk, large and
bunch of grapes, which being gone, there įround below next to the stalk : The seed is
succeed, for the most part, sharp pointed | small and greyish in the hard heads that
grains all together, containing a small white come up afterwards. The root is white and
kernel in them.
long, spreading divers fangs in the ground.
The second differs not much from this, The Red wild Campion grows in the same
save that it delights in more clear water;{manner as the White, but its leaves are not
its stalks are not flat, but round; its leaves so plainly ribbed, somewhat shorter,rounder,
are not so long, but more pointed ; As for and more woolly in handling. The flowers
the place we need not determine, for their are of the same form and bigness; but in
name shews they grow in water.
some of a pale, in others of a bright red
Government and virtues.] They are under colour, cut in at the ends more finely, which
the dominion of the Moon, and being made makes the leaves look more in number than
into a poultice, are excellently good for hot the other. The seeds and the roots are
inflammations, swellings, cankers, sore alike, the roots of both sorts abiding many
mouths and throats, being washed with the years.
decoction; it cleanses and strengthens the There are forty-five kinds of Campion
neck and throat, and helps those swellings i more, those of them which are of a phy-
which when people have, they say the įsical use, having the like virtues with those
almonds of their ears are fallen down. It above described, which I take to be the two
is excellently good for the rankness of the chief kinds.
gums, a safe and present remedy for the Place.] They grow commonly thrơugh
king's evil. They are excellent for the stone this land by fields and hedge-sides, and
and gravel, especially the nuts, being dried. } ditches.
They also resisť poison, and bitings of Time.] They flower in Summer, some
venomous beasts.
CT earlier than others, and some abiding longer
than others.
Government and virtues.] They belong
to Saturn, and it is found by experience,
Descript.] THE wild White Campion that the decoction of the herb, either in
has many long and somewhat broad Jark white or red wine being drank, doth stay
green leaves lying upon the ground, and inward bleedings, and applied cutwardly,
divers ribs therein, somewhat like plantain, it does the like ; and being drank, helps
but somewhat hairy, broader, but not so to expel urine, being stopped, and grave)
long: The hairy stalks rise up in the mid- { and stone in the reins and kidneys. Two
dle of them three or four feet high, and drams of the seed drank in wine, purges
sometimes more, with divers great white the body of choleric humours, and helps
joints at several places thereon, and two those that are stung by scorpions, or other
such like leaves thereat up to the top, send- }venomous beasts, and may be as effectual
ing forth branches at several joints also:{for the plague. It is of very good use in
All which bear on several foot-stalks white old sores, ulcers, cankers, fistulas, and the
flowers at the tops of them, consisting of like, to cleanse and heat them, by ron-
dve broad pointed leaves, every one cut in suming the moist humours falling into
CAMPION, WILD.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
41
CARROTS.
CARDUUS BENEDICTUS.
them and correcting the putrefaction of
humours offending them.
GARDEN Carrots are so well known,
It is called Carduus Benedictus, or that they need no description ; but because
Blessed Thistle, or Holy Thistle. I sup- they are of less physical use than the wild
pose
the name was put upon it by some kind (as indeed almost in all herbs the wild
that had little holiness themselves.
are most effectual in physic, as being more
I shall spare a labour in writing a { powerful in operation than the garden
description of this as almost every one that kinds,) I shall therefore briefly describe the
can but write at all, may describe them Wild Carrot.
00
from his own knowledge.
Descript.] It grows in a manner al-
Time.] They flower in August, and seed together like the tame, but that the leaves
not long after
and stalks are somewhat whiter and rougher
Government and virtues. It is an herb of The stalks bear large tufts of white flowers,
Mars, and under the sign Aries. Now, in with a deep purple spot in the middle,
handling this herb, I shall give you a which are contracted together when the
rational pattern of all the rest ; and if you seed begins to ripen, that the middle part
please to view them throughout the book, being hollow and low, and the outward
you shall, to your content, find it true. It stalk rising high, makes the whole umbel
helps swimming and giddiness of the head, to show like a bird's nest. The roots small,
or the disease called vertigo, because Aries long, and hard, and unfit for meat, being
is in thc house of Mars. It is an excellent somewhat sharp and strong.
remedy against the yellow jaundice and Place.] The wild kind grows in divers
other infirmities of the gall, because Mars parts of this land plentifully by the field-
governs choler. It strengthens the attrac- sides, and untilled places.
tive faculty in man, and clarifies the blood, Time.] They flower and seed in the end
because the one is ruled by Mars. The of Sumner,
continual drinking the decoction of it, helps Government and virtues.] Wild Carrots
red faces, tetters, and ring-worms, because belong to Mercury, and therefore break
Mars causes them. It helps the plague, wind, and remove stitches in the sides, pro-
sores, boils, and itch, the bitings of mad Žvoke urine and women's courses, and helps
dogs and venomous beasts, all which in- i to break and expel the stone; the seed also
firmities are under Mars; thus you see of the same works the like effect, and is
what it doth by sympathy.
good for the dropsy, and those whose bellies
By antipathy to other planets it cures the are swollen with wind; helps the cholic,
French pox. By antipathy to Venus, who the stone in the kidneys, and rising of the
governs it, it strengthens the memory, and mother ; being taken in wine, or boiled in
cures deafness by antipathy to Saturn, who wine, and taken, it helps conception. The
has his fall in Aries, which rules the head. } leaves being applied with honey to running
It cures quartan agues, and other diseasessores or ulcers, do cleanse them,
of melancholy, and adust choler, by sym- I suppose the seeds of them perform this
pathy to Saturn, Mars being exalted in better than the roots ; and though Galen
Capricorn. Also provokes urine, the stopp-commended garden Carrots highly to break
ing of which is usually caused by Mars or wind, yet experience teaches they breed it
first, and we may thank nature for expelling
the Moon.

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
CARRAWAY.
CELANDINE.
it, not they; the seeds of them expel wind į people exceedingly, and they need not to
indeed, and so mend what the root marrs. make a whole meal of them neither, and are
fit to be planted in every garden.
Carraway comfits, once only dipped in
It is on account of the seeds principally sugar, and half a spoonful of them eaten in
that the Carraway is cultivated.
the morning fasting, and as many after each
Descript.] It bears divers stalks of fineį meal, is a' most admirable remedy, for those
cut leaves, lying upon the ground, some- that are troubled with wind.
what like to the leaves of carrots, but not
bushing so thick, of a little quick taste in
them, from among which rises up a square Descript.] This hath divers tender,
stalk, not so high as the Carrot, at whose įround, whitish green stalks, with greater
joints are set the like leaves, but smaller joints than ordinary in other herbs as it
and finer, and at the top small open tufts, were knees, very brittle and easy to break,
or umbels of white flowers, which turn into { from whence grow branches with large
small blackish seed, smaller than the tender broad leaves, divided into many
Anniseed, and of a quicker and hotter parts, each of them cut in on the edges,
taste. The root is whitish, sınall and long, set at the joint on both sides of the
somewhat like unto a parsnip, but with branches, of a dark blueish green colour,
more wrinkled bark, and much less, of a on the upper side like Columbines, and of
little hot and quick taste, and stronger a more pale blueish green underneath, full
than the parsnip, and abides after seed- of yellow sap, when any is broken, of a
time.
bitter taste, and strong scent. Ai the
Place.] It is usually sown with us in flowers, of four leaves a-piece, after which
gardens.
come small long pods, with blackish seed
Time.] They flower in June and July, therein. The root is somewhat great at the
and seed quickly after.
head, shooting forth divers long roots and
Government and virtues.] This is also a small strings, reddish on the outside, and
Mercurial plant. Carraway seed has a yellow within, full of yellow sap therein.
moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaks Place.] They grow in many places by
wind and provokes urine, which also the old walls, hedges and way-sides in untilled
herb doth. The root is better food than {places; and being once planted in a garden,
the parsnip; it is pleasant and comfortable ; especially some shady places, it will remain
to the stomach, and helps digestion. The there.
seed is conducing to all cold griefs of the Time.] They flower all the Summer,
head and stomach, bowels, 'or mother, as and the seed ripens in the mean time.
also the wind in them, and helps to sharpen Government and virtues.] This is an herb
the eye-sight. The powder of the seed put of the Sun, and under the celestial Lion,
into a poultice, takes away black and blue and is one of the best cures for the eyes ;
spots of blows and bruises. The herb it- } for, all that know any thing in astrology,
self, or with some of the seed bruised and know that the eyes are subject to the
fried, laid hot in a bag or double cloth, to luminaries: let it then be gathered when the
the lower parts of the belly, eases the pains Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries,
of the wind cholic.
applying to this time; let Leo arise, then
di The roots of Carraway eaten as men do į may you make into an oil or ointment,
parsnips, strengthen the stomach of ancient which you please, to anoint your sore eyes

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
43
1
with : I can prove it doth both my own not only good against the itch, but takes
experience, and the experience of those to į away all discolourings of the skin what-
whom I have taught it, that most desperate soever : and if it chance that in a tender
sore eyes have been cured by this only body it causes any itchings or inflamma-
medicine; and then, I pray, is not this far { tions, by bathing the place with a little
better than endangering the eyes by the art } vinegar it is helped.
of the needle? For if this does not abso- Another ill-favoured trick have physicians
lutely take away the film, it will so facilitate got to use to the eye, and that is worse than
the work, that it might be done without the needle ; which is to take away the films
danger. The herb or root boiled in white by corroding or gnawing medicines. That
Wine and drank, a few Anniseeds being I absolutely protest against.
boiled therewith, opens obstructions of the
1. Because the tunicles of the eyes are
liver and gall, helps the yellow jaundice; very thin, and therefore soon eaten asunder.
and often using it, helps the dropsy and the. 2. The callus or film that they would eat
itch, an ihose who have old sores in their away, is seldom of an equal thickness in
legs, or other parts of the body. The every place, and then the tunicle may be
juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of eaten asunder in one place, before the film
singularly good use against the pestilence. I be consumed in another, and so be a readier
The distilled water, with a little sugar and way to extinguish the sight than to restore
a little good treacle mixed therewith (the it. i lisica
arty upon the taking being laid down to It is called Chelidonium, from the Greek
sweat a little) has the same effect. The word Chelidon, which signifies a swallow;
juice dropped into the eyes, cleanses them because they say, that if you put out the
from films and cloudiness which darken the eyes of young swallows when they are in
sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness the nest, the old ones will recover their eyes
of the juice with a little breast milk. It is again with this herb. This I am confident,
good in all old filthy corroding creeping for I have tried it, that if we mar the very
ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity apple of their eyes with a needle, she will
of fretting and running, and to cause them recover them again ; but whether with this
to heal more speedily: The juice often | herb or not, I know not.
applied to tetters, ring-worms, or other such Also I have read (and it seems to be
like spreading cankers, will quickly heal somewhat probable) that the herb, being
them, and rubbed often upon warts, will gathered as I shewed before, and the
take thern away. The herb with the roots elements draw apart from it by art of the
bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, alchymist, and after they are drawn apart
and applied to the navel, takes away the } rectified, the earthly quality, still in rectify-
griping pains in the belly and bowels, and } ing them, added to the Terra damnata (as
all the pains of the mother; and applied to: Alchymists call it) or Terra Sacratissima (as
women's breasts, stays the overmuch flowing some philosophers call it) the elements so
of the courses. The juice or decoction of rectified are sufficient for the cure of an
the herb gargled between the teeth that ach, diseases, the humours offending being known,
(ases the pain, and the powder of the dried and the contrary element given: It is an
root laid upon any aching, hollow or loose experiment worth the trying, and can do
tooth, will cause it to fall out. The juice no harm.
mixed with some powder of brimstone is
(5, 6.)
N

41
GJITHE COMPLETE HERBAL
Buè LESSER CELANDINE, USUALLY
KNOWN BY THE NAME OF PILEWORT
AND FOGWORT.
kernels by the ears and throat, called the
king's evil, or any other hard wens or
tumours.
THE ORDINARY SMALL CENTAURY.
Here's another secret for my countrymen
I WONDER what ailed the ancients to and women, a couple of them together;
give this the name Celandine, which re- Pilewort made into an oil, ointment, or
sembles it neither in nature nor form; it plaister, readily cures both the piles, or
acquired the name of Pilewort from its hæmorrhoids, and the king's evil: The
virtues, and it being no great matter where įvery herb borne about one's body next the
I set it down, so I set it down at all, Iļskin helps in such diseases, though it never
humoured Dr. Tradition so much, as to set touch the place grieved ; let poor people
him down here.
make much of it for those uses; with this
Descript.] This Celandine or Pilewort I cured my own daughter of the king's
(which you please) doth spread many round evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of
pale green leaves, set on weak and trailing a pint of corruption, cured without any
branches which lie upon the ground, and scar at all in one week's time.
are flat, smooth, and somewhat shining,
and in some places (though seldom) marked
with black spots, each standing on a long Descript.] This grows up most usually
foot-stalk, among which rise small yellow but with one round and somewhat crusted
flowers, consisting of nine or ten small nar- stalk, about a foot high or better, branching
row leaves, upon slender foot-stalks, very forth at the top into many sprigs, and some
like unto Crowsfoot, whereunto the seed also from the joints of the stalks below; the
also is not unlike being many small kernels flowers thus stand at the tops as it were in
like a grain of corn sometimes twice as one umbel or tuft, are of a pale red, tending
long as others, of a whitish colour, with {to carnation colour, consisting of five,
fibres at the end of them.
sometimes six small leaves, very like those
Place.] It grows for the most part in šof St. John's Wort, opening themselves in
moist corners of fields and places that are the day time and closing at night, after
near water sides, yet will abide in drier ; which come seeds in little short husks, in
ground if they be but a little shady. form like unto wheat corn. The leaves are
Time.] It flowers betimes, about March {small and somewhat round; the root small
or April, is quite gone by May; so it can- and hard, perishing every year. The whole
not be found till it spring again. plant is of an exceeding bitter taste.
Government and virtues.] It is under the There is another sort in all things like the
dominion of Mars, and behold here another former, save only it bears white flowers.
verification of the learning of the ancients, Place.] They grow ordinarily in fields,
viz. that the virtue of an herb may be pastures, and woods, but that with the
known by its signature, as plainly appears white flowers not so frequently as the other.
in this; for if you dig up the root of it, Time.] They flower in July or there-
you shall perceive the perfect image of the abouts, and seed within a month after.
disease which they commonly call the piles. Government and virtues.] They are under
It is certain by good experience, that the the dominion of the Sun, as appears in that
decoction of the leaves and roots wonder their flowers open and shut as the Sun either
fully helps piles and hæmorrhoids, also shews or hides his face. This herb, boiled

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
45
THE LHERRY-TREE.
and drank, purges choleric and gross the government of the Sun; yet this, if
humours, and helps the sciatica ; it opens you observe it, you shall find an excellent
obstructions of the liver, gall, and speen, truth ; in diseases of the blood, use the red
helps the jaundice, and eases the pains in Centaury; if of choler, use the yellow;
the sides and hardness of the spleen, used į but if phlegm or water, you will find the
outwardly, and is given with very good white best. dailinan anda tela
effect in agues. It helps those that have
the dropsy, or the green-sickness, being
much used by the Italians in powder for I suppose there are few but know this
that purpose. It kills the worms in the tree, for its fruit's sake ; and therefore
belly, as is found by experience. The I shall spare writing a description thereof.
decoction thereof, viz. the tops of the stalks, Place. For the place of its growth, it
with the leaves and flowers, is good against is afforded room in every orchard.
the cholic, and to bring down women's Government and virtues.] It is a tree of
courses, helps to void the dead birth, and Venus. Cherries, as they are of different
eases pains of the mother, and is very ef- tastes, so they are of different qualities.
fectual in all old pains of the joints as the The sweet pass through the stomach and
gout, cramps, or convulsions. A dram of the belly more speedily, but are of little
the powder taken in wine, is a wonderful nourishment; the tart or sour are more
good help against the biting and poison of pleasing to an hot stomach, procure appe-
an adder. The juice of the herb with tite to meat, and help to cut tough phlegro,
a little honey put to it, is good to clear the ſand gross humours; but when these are
eyes from dimness, mists and clouds that dried, they are more binding to the belly
offend or hinder sight. It is singularly than when they are fresh, being cooling in
good both for green and fresh wounds, as hot diseases, and welcome to the stomach,
also for old ulcers and sores, to close up the and provoke urine. The gum of the Cherry-
one and cleanse the other, and perfectly to tree, dissolved in wine is good for a cold,
cure them both, although they are hollow ſcough, and hoarseness of the throat; mends
or fistulous; the green herb especially, being the colour in the face, sharpens the eye-
bruised and laid thereto. Tlie decoction sight, provokes appetite, and helps to break
thereof dropped into the ears, cleanses and expel the stone, and dissolved, the
them from worms, cleanses the foul ulcers water thereof is much used to break the
and spreading scabs of the head, and takes stone, and to expel gravel and wind.
away all freckles, spots, and marks in the
DE WINTER-CHERRIES.
skin, being washed with it; the herb is so
safe you cannot fail in the using of it, only Descript.] The Winter Cherry has a
giving it inwardly for inward diseases. running or creeping root in the
It is very wholesome, but not very tooth- the bigness many times of one's little finger,
shooting forth at several joints in several
There is beside these, another small places, whereby it quickly spreads a great
Centaury, which bears a yellow flower; in compass of ground. The stalk rises not
all other respects it is like the former, save above a yard high, whereon are set many
that the leaves are larger, and of a darker { broad and long green leaves, somewhat
green, and the stalks pass through the midst like nightshades, but larger ; at the joints
of them, as it does in the herb Thorowan. } whereof come forth whitish flowers made
They are all of them, as I told you, under of five leaves a piece, which afterwards
some.

46
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
CHERVIL.
turn into green berries inclosed with thin good to many, both to ease the pains, and
skins, which change to be reddish when şexpel urine and the stone, and to cause the
they grow ripe, the berry likewise being stone not to engender. The decoction of
reddish, and as large as a cherry; wherein the berries in wine and water is the most
are contained many flat and yellowish seeds ¡ usual way; but the powder of them taken
lying within the pulp, which being gathered in drink is more effectual.
and strung up, are kept all the year to be
used upon occasion.
Place.] They grow not naturally in this It is called Cerefolium, Mirrhis, and
land, but are cherished in gardens for their Mirrha, Chervil, Sweet Chervil, and Sweet
virtues.
Cicely
Time.] They flower not until the middle Descript.] The garden Chervil doth at
or latter end of July; and the fruit is ripe first somewhat resemble Parsley, but after it
about August, or the beginning of Sep-} is better grown, the leaves are much cut in
tember,
and jagged, resembling hemlock, being a little
Government and virtues.] - This also is a hairy and of a whitish green colour, some-
plant of Venus. They are of great use in times turning reddish in the Summer, with
physic: The leaves being cooling, may be the stalks also ; it rises a little above half
used in inflammations, but not opening as a foot high, bearing white flowers in spiked
the berries and fruit are; which by draw- } tufts, which turn into long and round seeds
ing down the urine provoke it to be voided pointed at the ends, and blackish when they
plentifully when it is stopped or grown hot, fare ripe; of a sweet taste, but no smell,
sharp, and painful in the passage; it is though the herb itself smells reasonably
good also to expel the stone and gravel out well. The root is small and long, and
of the reins, kidneys and bladder, helping | perishes every year, and must be sown
to dissolve the stone, and voiding it by grit} a-new in spring, for seed after July for
or gravel sent forth in the urine; it also Autumn fails.
helps much to cleanse inward imposthumes The wild Chervil grows two or three feet
or ulcers in the reins or bladder, or in those high, with yellow stalks and joints, set wit
that void a bloody or foul urine. The broader and more hairy leaves, divided
distilled water of the fruit, or the leaves into sundry parts, nicked about the edges,
together with them, or the berries, green or and of a dark grcen colour, which likewise
dry, distilled with a little milk and drankgrow reddish with the stalks ; at the tops
morning and evening with a little sugar, is whereof stand small white tufts, of flowers,
effectual to all the purposes before specified, afterwards smaller and longer seed. The
and especially against the heat and sharp- root is white, hard, and enduring long.
ness of the urine. I shall only mention This has little or no scent.
one way, amongst many others, which Place.] The first is sown in gardens for
might be used for ordering the berries, to {a sallad herb; the second grows wild in
be helpful for the urine and the stone;} many of the meadows of this land, and by
which is this: Take three or four good the hedge sides, and on heaths.
handfuls of the berries, either green or Time.] They flower and seed early, and
fresh, or dried, and having bruised them, thereupon are sown again in the end of
put them into so many gallons of beer or Summer.
ale when it is new tunned up: This drink, Government and virtues.] The garden
taken daily, has been found to do much Chervil being eaten, doth moderately warm

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
47
CHESNUT TREE.
the stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith after-birth, procures an appetite to meat,
Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted and expels wind. The juice is good to
blood in the body, or that which is clotted heal the ulcers of the head and face; the
by bruises, falls, &c. The juice or distilled { candied root hereof are held as effectual as
water thereof being drank, and the bruised | Angelica, to preserve from infection in the
leaves laid to the place, being taken either time of a plague, and to warm and com-
in meat or drink, it is good to help to pro- } fort a cold weak stomach. It is so harn.-
voke urine, or expel the stone in the kid- } less, you cannot use it amiss.
neys, to send down women's courses, and
to help the pleurisy and pricking of the
sides.
It were as needless to describe a tree so
The wild Chervil bruised and applied, commonly known as to tell a man he had
dissolves swellings in any part, or the gotten a mouth; therefore take the govern-
marks of congealed blood by bruises or ment and virtues of them thus :
blows, in a little space.
The tree is abundantly under the do-
minion of Jupiter, and therefore the fruit
SWEET CHERVÍL, OR SWEET CICELY.
must needs breed good blood, and yield
Descript.] This grows very like the commendable nourishment to the body;
great hemlock, having large spread leaves yet if eaten over-much, they make the
cut into divers parts, but of a fresher green blood thick, procure head ache, and bind
colour than the Hemlock, tasting as sweet the body; the inner skin, that covers the
as the Anniseed. The stalks rise up a yard nut, is of so binding a quality, that a
high, or better, being creased or hollow, scruple of it being taken by a man, or ten
having leaves at the joints, but lesser; and į grains by a child, soon stops any flux what-
at the tops of the branched stalks, umbels soever : The whole nut being dried and
or tufts of white flowers; after which comes beaten into powder, and a dram taken at
long crested black shining seed, pointed at a time, is a good remedy to stop the terms
both ends, tasting quick, yet sweet and in women. If you dry Chesnuts, (only the
pleasant. The root is great and white, { kernels I mean) both the barks being taken
growing deep in the ground, and spreading away, beat them into powder, and make
sundry long branches therein, in taste and į the powder up into an electuary with honey,
smell stronger than the leaves or seeds, and so have you an admirable remedy for the
continuing many years.
cough and spitting of blood.
Place.] This grows in gardens.
EARTH CHESNUTS. SO
Government and virtues.] These are all
three of them of the nature of Jupiter, and
They called Earth-nuts, Earth
under his dominion. This whole plant, Chesnuts, Ground Nuts, Ciper-nuts, and in
besides its pleasantness in sallads, has its Sussex Pig-nuts. A description of them
physical virtue. The root boiled, and eaten were needless, for every child knows them.
with oil and vinegar, (or without oil) do Government and virtues.] They are some-
much please and warm old and cold sto- thing hot and dry in quality, under the
machs oppressed with wind or phlegm, or dominion of Venus, they provoke lust
those that have the phthisic or consump- exceedingly, and stir up to those sports she
tion of the lungs. The same drank with is mistress of; the seed is excellent good to
wine is a preservation from the plague. It provoke urine; and so also is the root, but
provokes women's courses, and expels the it doth not perform it so forcibly as the seed
(5, 6.)
are
0

48
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
doth. The root being dried and beaten the swellings and ease the pains. It helps
into powder, and the powder made into an į the sinews when they are shrunk by cramps,
electuary, is as singular a remedy for spitting or otherwise, and to extend and make them
and pissing of blood, as the former Chesnut pliable again by this medicine. Boil a
was for coughs.
handful of Chickweed, and a handful of
red rose leaves dried, in a quart of musca-
CHICK WEED. Yossel
dine, until a fourth part be consumed ;
It is so generally known to most people, then put to them a pint of oil of trotters or
that I shall not trouble you with the descrip- sheep's feet ; let them boil a good while,
tion thereof, nor myself with setting forth still stirring them well; which being strained,
the several kinds, since but only two or anoint the grieved place therewith, warm
three are considerable for their usefulness.
against the fire, rubbing it well with one
Place. They are usually found in moist hand: and bind also some of the herb (if
and watery places, by wood sides, and else- you will) to the place, and, with God's
where.
blessing, it will help it in three times
Time.] They flower about June, and dressing.
their seed is ripe in July.
CHICK-PE ASE, OR CICERS.
.
Government and virtues.] It is a fine soft
pleasing herb under the dominion of the Descript.] The garden sorts, whether
Moon. It is found to be effectual as ļ red, black, or white, bring forth stalks a
Purslain to all the purposes whereunto it yard long, whereon do grow many small
serves, except for meat only. The herb and almost round leaves, dented about the
bruised, or the juice applied (with cloths or edges, set on both sides of a middle rib ;
sponges dipped therein) to the region of the At the joints come forth one or two flowers,
liver, and as they dry, to have it fresh ap- upon sharp foot stalks, pease-fashion, either
plied, doth wonderfully temperate the heat white or whitish, or purplish red, lighter
of the liver, and is effectual for all impos- or deeper, according as the pease that
thumes and swellings whatsoever, for all follow will be, that are contained in small,
redness in the face, wheals, pushes, itch, thick, and short pods, wherein lie one or
scabs; the juice either simply used, or two pease, more usually pointed at the
boiled with hog's grease and applied, helps lower end, and almost round at the head,
cramps, convulsions, and palsy. The juice, yet a little cornered or sharp; the root is
or distilled water, is of much good use for small, and perishes yearly,
all heats and redness in the eyes, to drop Place and Time.] They are sown in gar
some thereof into them; as also into the dens, or fields as pease, being sown later
ears, to ease pains in them; and is of good than pease, and gathered at the same time
effect to ease pains from the heat and sharp- with them, or presently after.
ness of the blood in the piles, and generally Government and virtues.] They are both
all pains in the body that arise of heat. under the dominion of Venus. They are
It is used also in hot and virulent ulcers } less windy than beans, but nourish more ;
and sores in the privy parts of men and they provoke urine, and are thought to in-
women, or on the legs, or elsewhere. The crease sperm; they have a cleansing faculty,
leaves boiled with" marsh-mallows, and whereby they break the stone in the kid
made into a poultice with fenugreek and neys. To drink the cream of them, being
linseed, applied to swellings or impos-boiled in water, is the best way. It moves
thumes, ripen and break them, or assuage the belly downwards, provokes women's

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
49
CALLED
IN
SOME
COUNTIES,
FIVE-
FINGERED GRASS.
courses and urine, increases both milk and of Jupiter, and therefore strengthens the
seed. One ounce of Cicers, two ounces of part of the body it rules ; let Jupiter be
French barley, and a small handful of angular and strong when it is gathered ;
Marsh-mallow roots, clean washed and cut, and if you give but a scruple (which is but
being boiled in the broth of a chicken, and twenty grains,) of it at a time, either in
four ounces taken in the morning, and white wine, or in white wine vinegar, you
fasting two hours after, is a good medicine shall very seldom miss the cure of an ague,
for a pain in the sides. The white Cicers be it what ague soever, in three fits, as I
are used more for meat than medicine, yet have often proved to the admiration both
have the same effect, and are thought more of myself and others; let no man despise it
powerful to increase milk and seed. The because it is plain and easy, the ways of
wild Cicers are so much more powerful God are all such. It is an especial herb
than the garden kinds, by how much they used in allinflammations and fevers, whether
exceed them in heat and dryness; whereby infectious or pestilential ; or among other
they do more open obstructions, break the herbs to cool and temper the blood and
stone, and have all the properties of cutting, humours in the body. As also for all lotions,
opening, digesting, and dissolving; and gargles, infections, and the like, for sore
this more speedily and certainly than the mouths, ulcers, cancers, fistulas, and other
former.
corrupt, foul, or running sores. The juice
hereof drank, about four ounces at a time,
CINQUE FOIL, OR FIVE-LEAVED GRASS ; for certain days together, cures the quinsey
and yellow jaundice; and taken for thirty
days together, cures the falling sickness.
Descript.] It spreads and creeps far The roots boiled in milk, and drank, is a
upon the ground, with long slender strings most effectual remedy for all fluxes in man
like straw berries, which take root again, or woman, whether the white or red, as also
and shoot forth many leaves, made of five the bloody flux. The roots boiled in vine-
parts, and sometimes of seven, dented about gar, and the decoction thereof held in
the edges, and somewhat hard. The stalks the mouth, eases the pains of the tooth-
are slender, leaning downwards and bear jach. The juice or decoction taken with
many small yellow flowers thereon, with a little honey, helps the hoarseness of
some yellow threads in the middle, standing the throat, and is very good for the cough
about a smooth green head, which, when iti of the lungs. The distilled water of both
is ripe, is a little rough, and contains small roots and leaves is also effectual to all the
brownish seeds. The root is of a blackish purposes aforesaid ; and if the hands be
brown colours, as big as one's little finger, often washed therein, and suffered at every
but growing long, with some threads thereat; } time to dry in of itself without wiping, it
and by the small string it quickly spreads will in a short time help the palsy, or
over the ground.
bị shaking in them.
The root boiled in
Place.] It grows by wood sides, hedge vinegar, helps all knots, kernels, hard
sides, the path-way in fields, and in the swellings, and lumps growing in any
borders and corners of them almost through part of the flesh, being thereto applied ;
all this land. Gonogaib
also inflammations, and St. An-
It flowers in summer, some {thony's fire, all imposthumes, and pain-
sooner, some later.
sores with heat and putrefaction,
Government and virtues.] This is an herb the shingles also, and all other sorts of
as
Time.]
ful

50
GX THE COMPLETE HERBAL KA
running and foul scabs, sores and itch. has four square stalks, with broad, rough,
The same also boiled in wine, and applied wrinkled, whitish, or hoary green leaves,
to any joint full of pain, ache, or the gout somewhat evenly cut in on the edges, and s
in the hands or feet, or the hip gout, called of a strong sweet scent, growing some near
the Sciatica, and the decoction thereof the ground, and some by couples upon
drank the while, doth cure them, and eases stalks. The flowers grow at certain dis-
much pain in the bowels. The roots are tances, with two small leaves at the joints
likewise effectual to help ruptures or burst- under them, somewhat like unto the flowers
ings, being used with other things available of Sage, but smaller, and of a whitish blue
to that purpose, taken either inwardly or colour. The seed is brownish, and some-
outwardly, or both; as also bruises or what flat, or not so round as the wild. The
hurts by blows, falls, or the like, and to roots are blackish, and spread not far, and
stay the bleeding of wounds in any parts perish after the seed time. It is usually
inward or outward.
sown, for it seldom rises of its own sowing.
Some hold that one leaf cures a quo-
Place. This grows in gardens.
tidian, three a tertain, and four a quartan Time.] It flowers in June and July,
ague, and a hundred to one if it be not some a little later than others, and their
Dioscorides; for he is full of whimsies. seed is ripe in August, or thereabouts.de
The truth is, I never stood so much upon Government and virtues.] It is under the
the number of the leaves, nor whether Iļdominion of the Moon. The seed put intc
give it in powder or decoction: If Jupiter the eyes clears them from motes, and such
were strong, and the Moon applying to like things gotten within the lids to offend
him, or his good aspect at the gathering, them, as also clears them from white and
I never knew it miss the desired effect. red spots on them. The mucilage of the
seed made with water, and applied to
tumours, or swellings, disperses and takes
CALLED also Rush Leeks, Chives, Civet, them away; as also draws forth splinters,
and Sweth.
thorns, or other things gotten into the flesh.
Government and virtues.] I confess I had The leaves: used with vinegar, either by
not added these, had it not been for a coun- itself, or with a little honey, doth help boils,
try gentleman, who by a letter certified felons, and the hot inflammation that are
me, that amongst other herbs, I had left{ gathered by their pains, if applied before
hese out'; they are indeed a kind of leeks, it be grown too great. The powder of the
hot and dry in the fourth degree as they dried root put into the nose, provokes
are, and so under the dominion of Mars; sneezing, and thereby purges the head and
if they be eaten raw, (I do not mean raw, brain of much rheum and corruption. The
opposite to roasted or boiled, but raw, seed or leaves taken in wine, provokes to
opposite to chymical preparation) they send venery. It is of much use both for men
up very hurtful vapours to the brain, caus- and women that have weak backs, and
ing troublesome sleep, and spoiling the helps to strengthen the reins: used either
eye-sight, yet of them prepared by the art by itself, or with other herbs conducing to
of the alchymist, may be made an excel- the same effect, and in tansies often. The
lent remedy for the stoppage of the urine. fresh leaves dipped in a batter of flour,
CLARY, OR MORE PROPERLY CLEAR-EYE, eggs, and a little milk, and fried in butter.
and served to the table, is not unpleasant
Descript.] Our ordinary garden Clary to any, but exceedingly profitable for those
CIVES.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
51
CLEAVERS.
WILD CLARY.
that are troubled with weak backs, and the safer, and easier remedy by a great deal,
effects thereof. The juice of the herb put than to tear it off with a needle.
into ale or bear, and drank, brings down
vomen's courses, and expels the after-birth.
It is aiso called Aperine, Goose-share,
Goose-grass, and Cleavers.
Descript.] The common Cleavers have
WILD Clary is most blasphemously divers very rough square stalks, not so big
called Christ's Eye, because it cures dis- as the top of a point, but rising up to be
eases of the eye. I could wish for my soul, two or three yards high soimetimes, if it
blasphemy, ignorance, and tyranny, were meet with any tall bushes or trees whereon
ceased among physicians, that they may be it may climb, yet without any claspers, or
happy, and I joyful.
else much lower, and lying on the ground,
Descript.] It is like the other Clary, but full of joints, and at every one of them
lesser, with many stalks about a foot and shoots forth a branch, besides the leaves
a half high. The stalks are square, and thereat, which are usually six, set in a round
somewhat hairy; the flowers of a bluish compass like a star, or a rowel of a spur:
colour ; He that knows the common Clary From between the leaves or the joints to-
cannot be ignorant of this.
wards the tops of the branches, come forth
Place.] It grows commonly in this na- very small white flowers, at every end,
tion in barren places ; you may find it upon small thready foot-stalks, which after
plentifully, if you look in the fields near they have fallen, there do shew two small
Gray's Inn, and near Chelsea.
round and rough seeds joined together,
Time.] They flower from the beginning which, when they are ripe, grow hard
of June to the latter end of August. and whitish, having a little hole on the
Government and virtues.] It is something side, something like unto a navel. Both
hotter and drier than the garden Clary is, stalks, leaves, and seeds are so rough,
yet nevertheless under the dominion of the that they will cleave to any thing that will
Moon, as well as that; the seeds of it being touch them. The root is small and thready,
beat to powder, and drank with wine, is spreading much to the ground, but dies
an admirable help to provoke lust. A de- every year.
coction of the leaves being drank, warms Place.] It grows by the hedge and ditch-
the stomach, and it is a wonder if it should sides in many places of this land, and is so
not, the stomach being under Cancer, the troublesome an inhabitant in gardens, that
house of the Moon. Also it helps diges-, it ramps upon, and is ready to choak what-
tion, scatters congealed blood in any part ever grows near it.
of the body. The distilled water hereof Time.] It flowers in June or July, and
cleanses the eyes of redness, waterishness, the seed is ripe and falls again in the end
and heat : It is a gallant remedy for dim- of July or August, from whence it springs
ness of sight, to take one of the seeds of it, up again, and not from the old roots.
and put into the eyes, and there let it re- Government and virtues.] It is under the
main till it drops out of itself, (the pain dominion of the Moon. The juice of the
will be nothing to speak on,) it will cleanse herb and the seed together taken in wine,
the eyes of all filthy and putrified matter; helps those bitten with an adder, by pre-
and in often repeating it, will take off a serving the heart from the venom. It is
film which covers the sight: a handsomer, familiarly taken in broth to keep them lean
(5, 6.)
P

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
and lank, that are apt to grow fat. The this land, both north and west, and fre-
distilled water drank twice a day, helps the į quently by path-sides in the fields near
yellow jaundice, and the decoction of the about London, and within three or four
herb, in experience, is found to do the same, miles distant about it, yet it usually grows
and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. Theż in or near ditches.
juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised, Time.] It flowers in June or July, and
and applied to any bleeding wounds, stays the seed is ripe soon after.
the bleeding. The juice also is very good Government and virtues.] It is under the
to close up the lips of greed wounds, and{dominion of the planet Saturn. It is sin-
the powder of the dried herb strewed there-gularly effèctual in all fresh and green
upon doth the same, and likewise helps wounds, and therefore bears not this name
old ulcers. Being boiled in hog's grease, for nought. And it is very available in
it helps all sorts of hard swellings or ker- staunching of blood and to dry up the
nels in the throat, being anointed there- { fluxes of humours in old fretting ulcers,
with. The juice dropped into the ears, cankers, &c. that hinder the healing of
takes away the pain of them.
them.
It is a good remedy in the Spring, eaten A syrup made of the juice of it, is inferior
(being first chopped small, and boiled well) to none for inward wounds, ruptures of
in water-gruel, to cleanse the blood, and veins, bloody flux, vessels broken, spitting,
strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the } urining, or vomiting blood : Ruptures are
body in health, and fitting it for that change { excellent and speedily, even to admiration
of season that is coming.
cured by taking now and then a little of
CLOWN's WOOD
the syrup, and applying an ointment or
plaister of this herb to the place. Also, if
Descript.] It grows up sometimes to any vein be swelled or muscle, apply a
iwo or three feet, high, but usually about plaister of this herb to it, and if you add.
two feet, with, square green rough stalks, a little Comfrey to it, it will not be amiss
but slender, joined somewhat far asunder, I assure thee the herb deserves commenda-
and two very long, somewhat narrow, dark tion, though it has gotten such a clownish
green leaves, bluntly dented about the name; and whosoever reads this, (if he try
edges thereof, ending in a long point. The it, as I have done,) will commend it; only
flowers stand towards the tops, compassing take notice that it is of a dry earthy quality.
the stalks at the joints with the leaves, and cock's HEAD, RED FITCHING, OR ME-
end likewise in a spiked top, having long
and much gaping hoods of a purplish red
colour, with whitish spots in them, standing Descript.] This has divers weak but
in somewhat round husks, wherein after- rough stalks, half a yard long, leaning
wards stand blackish round seeds. The downward, but set with winged leaves,
root is composed of many long strings, longer and more pointed than those of
with some tuberous long knobs growing Lintels, and whitish underneath ; from the
among them, of a pale yellowish or whitish tops of these stalks arise up other slender
colour, yet some times of the year these stalks, naked without leaves unto the tops,
knobby roots in many places are not seen where there grow many small flowers in
in this plant: This plant smells somewhat manner of a spike, of a pale reddish colour,
trong.
with some blueness among them; after
Place.] It grows in sundry counties of which rise up in therr places, round, rough,
DICK FETCH.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
53
COLTSFOOT.
COLUMBINES.
and somewhat flat heads. The root is
tough, and somewhat woody, yet lives and
shoots a-new every year.
Place.] It grows upon hedges, and CALLED also Coughwort, Foals-foot,
sometimes in the open fields, in divers Horse-hoof, and Bull's-foot.
places of this land.
Descript.] This shoots up a slender stalk,
Time.] They flower all the months of with small yellowish flowers somewhat
July and August, and the seed ripen in earlier, which fall away quickly, and after
the mean while.
they are past, come up somewhat round
Government and virtues.] It is under the leaves, sometimes dented about the edges,
cominion of Venus. It has power to rarify much lesser, thicker, and greener than those
and digest, and therefore the green leaves of butter-bur, with a little down or frieze
bruised and laid as a plaister, disperse over the green leaf on the upper side, which
knots, nodes, or kernels in the flesh; and may be rubbed away, and whitish or meally
if, when dry, it be taken in wine, it helps underneath. The root is small and white,
the stranguary; and being anointed with spreading much under ground, so that
oil, it provokes sweat. It is a singular food where it takes it will hardly be driven
for cattle, to cause them to give store of}away again, if any little piece be abid-
milk; and why then may it not do the like, {ing therein; and from thence spring fresh
being boiled in ordinary drink. for nurses. leaves.
Place.] It grows as well in wet grounds
as in drier places,
These are so well known, growing al- Time.] And flowers in the end of
most in every garden, that I think I may February, the leaves begin to appear in
save the expence of time in writing a de- March.
scription of them.
Government and virtues. The plant is
Time.] They flower in May, and abide under Venus, the fresh leaves or juice, or
not for the most part when June is past, {a syrup thereof is good for a hot dry cough,
perfecting their seed in the mean time. or wheezing, and shortness of breath. The
Government and virtues.] It is also an dry leaves are best for those that have thin
herb of Venus. The leaves of Columbines rheums and distillations upon their lungs,
are commonly used in lotions with good causing a cough, for which also the dried
success for sore mouths and throats. Tra- } leaves taken as tobacco, or the root is
very
gus saith, that a dram of the seed taken in įgood. The distilled water hereof simply,
wine with a little saffron, opens obstruc- or with Elder flowers and Nightshade, is a
tions of the liver, and is good for the yellow singularly good remedy against all hotagues,
jaundice, if the party after the taking to drink two ounces at a time, and apply
thereof be laid to sweat well in bed. The cloths wet therein to the head and stomach,
seed also taken in wine causes a speedy which also does much good, being applied
delivery of women in childbirth : if one to any hot swellings and inflammations :
draught suffice not, let her drink the It helps St. Anthony's fire, and burnings,
second, and it will be effectual: The and is singularly good to take away wheals
Spaniards used to eat a piece of the root and small pushes that arise through heat;
thereof in the morning fasting, many days ļas also the burning heat of the piles, or
together, to help them when troubled with privy parts, cloths wet therein being there-
the stone in the reins or kidneys.
unto applied.

54
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
COMFREY.
of the lungs, and causes the phlegm that
oppresses them to be easily spit forth : It
This is a very conimon but a very neg- helps the defiuction of rheum from the
lected plant. It contains very great virtues. head upon the lungs, the fluxes of blood or
Descript.] The common Great Com- humours by the belly, women's immoderate
frey hąs divers very large hairy green leaves i courses, as well the reds as the whites, and
lying on the ground, so hairy or prickly, the running of the reins, happening by what
that if they touch any lender parts of the cause soever. A syrup made thereof is
hands, face, or body, it will cause it to itch; very effectual for all those inward grief's
the stalks that rise from among them, being and hurts, and the distilled water for the
two or three feet high, hollow and cornered, same purpose also, and for outward wounds
is very hairy also, having many such like and sures in the fleshy or sinewy part of the
eaves as grow below, but less and less up, body whatsoever, as also to take away the
to the top: At the joints of the stalks it is fits of agues, and to allay the sharpness of
divided into many branches, with some humours. A decoction of the leaves here-
leaves thereon, and at the ends stand many of is available to all the purposes, though
flowers in order one above another, which not so effectual as the roots. The roots
are somewhat long and hollow like the being outwardly applied, help fresh wounds
finger of a glove, of a pale whitish colour, or cuts immediately, being bruised and laid
after which come small black seeds. The thereto; and is special good for ruptures
routs are great and long, spreading great; and broken bones; yea, it is said to be so
thick branches under ground, black on the powerful to consolidate and knit together,
outside, and whitish within, short and easy { that if they be boiled with dissevered pieces
to break, and full of glutinous or clammy j of flesh in a pot, it will join them together
juice, of little or no taste at all.
again. It is good to be applied to women's
There is another sort in all things like; breasts that grow sore by the abundance
this, only somewhat less, and bears flowers of milk coming into them; also to repress
of a pale purple colour.
the over much bleeding of the hæmorrhoids,
Place. They grow by ditches and, to cool the inflammation of the parts there-
water-sides, and in divers fields that are į abouts, and to give ease of pains. The
moist, for therein they chiefly delight to roots of Comfrey taken fresh, beaten small,
grow. The first generally through all the and spread upon leather, and laid upon
land, and the other but in some places. By any place troubled with the gout, doth
the leave of my authors, I know the first presently give ease of the pains; and ap-
grows in dry places.
plied in the same manner, gives ease to
Time.] They flower in June or July, pained joints, and profits very much for
and give their seed in August.
running and moist ulcers, gangrenes, mor-
Government and virtues.] This is an herb tifications, and the like, for which it hath
of Saturn, and I suppose under the sign by often experience been found helpful.
Capricorn, cold, dry, and earthy in quality.
What was spoken of Clown's Woundwort
inay be said of this. The Great Comfrey It is also called by some Toothwort,
helps those that spit blood, or make a Tooth Violet, Dog-Teeth Violet, and
bloody urine. The root boiled in water or Dentaria.
wine, and the decoction drank, helps all Descript.] Of the many sorts of this
inward hurts, bruises, wounds, and ulcers herb two of themn may be found growing
CORALWORT.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
55
COSTMARY,
OR
ALCOST,
OR
BALSAM
HERB.
in this nation ; the first of which shoots } wounds, especially such as are made in the
forth one or two winged leaves, upon long}breast or lungs, by taking a dram of the
brownish foot-stalks, which are "doubled powder of the root every morning in wine:
down at their first coming out of the ground; the same is excellently good for ruptures, as
when they are fully opened they consist also to stop fluxes; an ointment made of it
of seven leaves, most commonly of a sad is exceedingly good for wounds and ulcers,
green colour, dented about the edges, set for it soon dries up the watery humours
on both sides the middle rib one against which hinder the cure.
another, as the leaves of the ash tree; the
stalk bears no leaves on the lower half of
it; the upper half bears sometimes three or
four, each consisting of five leaves, some- This is so frequently known to be an
times of three; on the top stand four or inhabitant in almost every garden, that I
five flowers upon short foot-stalks, with suppose it needless to write a description
long husks; the flowers are very like the thereof.
flowers of Stockgilliflowers, of a pale Time.] It flowers in June and July.
purplish colour, consisting of four leaves Government and virtues.] It is under the
a-piece, after which come small pods, which dominion of Jupiter. The ordinary Cost-
contain the seed; the root is very smooth, {mary, as well as Maudlin, provokes urine
white and shining ; it does not grow down- abundantly, and moistens the hardness of
wards, but creeps along under the upper the mother ; it gently purges choler and
crust of the ground, and consists of divers phlegm, extenuating that which is gross,
small round knobs set together ; towards and cutting that which is tough and glu-
the top of the stalk there grows some single tinous, cleanses that which is foul, and
leaves, by each of which comes a small hinders putrefaction and corruption; it
cloven bulb, which when it is ripe, if it be dissolves without attraction, opens obstruc-
set in the ground, it will grow to be a root. tions, and helps their evil effects, and it is a
As for the other Coralwort, which grows į wonderful help to all sorts of dry agues.
in this nation, it is more scarce than this, It is astringent to the stomach, and
being a very small plant, much like Crow- strengthens the liver, and all the other in-
foot, therefore some think it to be one of ward parts; and taken in whey works more
the sorts of Crowfoot. I know not where effectually. Taken fasting in the morning,
to direct you to it, therefore I shall forbear it is very profitable for pains in the head
the description.
that are continual, and to stay, dry up, and
Place.] The first grows in Mayfield in consume all thin rheums or distillations
Sussex, in a wood called Highread, and in from the head into the stomach, and helps
another wood there also, called Fox-holes. much to digest raw humours that are
Time.] They flower from the latter end gathered therein. It is very profitable for
of April to the middle of May, and before those that are fallen into a continual evil
the middle of July they are gone, and not disposition of the whole body, called
to be found.
Cachexia, but especially in the beginning
Government and virtues.] It is under the of the disease. It is an especial friend and
dominion of the Moon. It cleanses the help to evil, weak and cold livers. The
bladder, and provokes urine, expels gravel, seed is familiarly given to children for the
and the stone; it eases pains in the sides worms, and so is the infusion of the flowers
and bowels, is excellently good for inward in white wine given them to the quantity of
(5, 6.)
Q

56
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
COWSLIPS, OR PEAGLES.
two ounces at a time; it makes an excellent and the worms, and being either drank or
salve to cleanse and heal old ulcers, being injected, for the disease called Tenesmus,
boiled with oil of olive, and Adder's tongue which is an often provocation to the stool
with it, and after it is strained, put a little without doing any thing. The green leaves
wax, rosin, and turpentine, to bring it to a bruised, and laid to any green wound, stay
convenient body.
the bleeding, and heals it up quickly. The
juice of the herb taken in wine and milk,
CUDWEED, OR COTTONWEED.
is, as Pliny saith, a sovereign remedy
BESIDES Cudweed and Cottonweed, it is against the mumps and quinsey; and further
also Called Chaffweed, Dwarf Cotton, and saith, That whosoever shall so take it, shall
Petty Cotton.
never be troubled with that disease again.
Descript.] The common Cudweed rises
up with one stalk sometimes, and some-
times with two or three, thick set on all Both the wild and garden Cowslips are
sides with small, long and narrow whitish {so well known, that I neither trouble my-
or woody leaves, from the middle of the self nor the reader with a description of
stalk almost up to the top, with every leaf} them.
stands small flowers of a dun or brownish Time.] They flower in April and May.
yellow colour, or not so yellow as others; Government and virtues.] Venus lays
in which herbs, after the flowers are fallen, claim to this herb as her own, and it is
come small seed wrapped up, with the down under the sign Aries, and our city dames
therein, and is carried away with the wind ; know well enough the ointment or distilled
the root is small and thready.
water of it adds beauty, or at least restores
There are other sorts hereof, which are it when it is lost. The flowers are held to
somewhat less than the former, not much be more effectual than the leaves, and the
different, save only that the stalks and } roots of little use. An ointment being
leaves are shorter, so that the flowers are made with them, takes away spots and
paler and more open.
wrinkles of the skin, sun-burning, and
Place.] They grow in dry, barren, sandy, freckles, and adds beauty exceedingly;
and gravelly grounds, in most places of they remedy all infirmities of the head
this land.
coming of heat and wind, as vertigo, ephi-
Time.] They flower about July, some altes, false apparitions, phrensies, falling-
earlier, some later, and their seed is ripe in sickness, palsies, convulsions, cramps, pains
August.
in the nerves; the roots ease pains in the
Government and virtues.]. Venus is Lady{back and bladder, and open the passages of
of it. The plants are all astringent, bind- urine. The leaves are good in wounds,
ing, or drying, and therefore profitable for and the flowers take away trembling. If
defluctions of rheum from the head, and to the flowers be not well dried, and kept in
stay fluxes of blood wheresoever, the de- } a warm place, they will soon putrefy and
coction being made into red wine and look green : Have a special eye over them.
drank, or the powder taken therein. It also If you let them see the Sun once a month,
helps the bloody-flux, and eases the tor- } it will do neither the Sun nor them harm
ments that come thereby, stays the immode- Because they strengthen the brain and-
rate courses of women, and is also good for nerves, and remedy palsies, the Greeks
inward or outward wounds, hurts, and gave them the name Paralysis. The flowers
bruises, and helps children both of burstings preserved or conserved, and the quantity of

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
water.
a nutmeg eaten every morning, is a sufficient } low, after which comes small pods, which
dose for inward diseases ; but for wounds, contain the seed.
spots, wrinkles, and sunburnings, an oint- Place.] It is a common herb, grows
ment is made of the leaves, and hog's usually by the way-side, and sometimes
grease.
upon mud walls about London, but it
CRAB'S CLAWS.
delights to grow most among stones and
rubbish.
CALLED also Water Sengreen, Knight's Time.] It flowers in June and July,
Pond Water, Water House-leek, Pond and the seed is ripe in August and Sep--
Weed, and Fresh-water Soldier.
tember.
Descript.] It has sundry long narrow - Government and virtues.] It is a plant of
leaves, with sharp prickles on the edges of a hot and biting nature, under the dominion
them, also very sharp pointed; the stalks of Mars. The seed of Black Cresses
which bear flowers, seldom grow so high as strengthens the brain exceedingly, being,
the leaves, bearing a forked head, like a { in performing that office, little inferior to:
Crab's Claw, out of which comes a white mustard seed, if at all; they are excellently
flower, consisting of three leaves, with divers į good to stay those rheums which may fall
yellowish hairy threads in the middle"; it down from the head upon the lungs; you
takes root in the mud at the bottom of the { may beat the seed - into powder, if you
please, and make it up into an electuary
Place.] It grows plentifully in the fens with honey; so you have an excellent
in Lincolnshire.
remedy by you, not only for the premises,
Time.] It flowers in June, and usually } but also for the cough, yellow jaundice and
from thence till August.
sciatica. This herb boiled into a poultice,
Government and virtues.] It is a plant is an excellent remedy for inflammations,
under the dominion of Venus, and there- both in women's breasts, and men's testicles.
fore a great strengthener of the reins; it is
excellently good for inflammation which is
commonly called St. Anthony's Fire; it Descript.] THESE are of two kinds ;
assuages inflammations, and swellings in The first rises up with a round stalk about
wounds: and an ointment made of it is two feet high, spreads into divers branches,
excellently good to heal them ; there is whose lower leaves are somewhat larger
scarcely a better remedy growing than this than the upper, yet all of them cut or toin
is, for such as have bruised their kidneys, on the edges, somewhat like the garden
and upon that account discharge blood, a Cresses, but smaller, the flowers are small
dram of the powder of the herb taken and white, growing at the tops of branches,
every morning, is a very good remedy to where "afterwards grow husks with smali
stop the terms.
brownish seeds therein very strong and
sharp in taste, more than the Cresses of the
garden ; the root is long, white, and woody
Descript.] It has long leaves, deeply The other has the lower leaves whole,
cut and jagged on both sides, not much somewhat long and broad, not torn at all,
unlike wild mustard ; the stalk small, very but only somewhat deeply dented about
limber, though very tough: you may twist { the edges towards the ends; but those that
them round as you may a willow before they grow up higher are smaller. The flowers
break. The flowers are very small and yel- and seeds are like the former, and so is the
SCIATICA CRESSES.
BLACK CRESSES.

58
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
both root and se
root likewise, and both root and seeds as Place.] They grow, for the most part,
sharp as it.
in small standing waters, yet sometimes in
Place.] They grow in the way-sides in small rivulets of running water.
untilled places, and by the sides of old Time.] They flower and seed in the
walls.
beginning of Summer.
Time.]. They flower in the end of June, Government and virtues. It is an herb
and their seed is ripe in July.
under the dominion of the Moon. They
Government and virtues.] It is a Saturnine are more powerful against the scurvy, and
plant. The leaves, but especially the root, ļ to cleanse the blood and humours, than
taken fresh in Summer-time, beaten or made Brooklime is, and serve in all the other
into a poultice or salve with old hog's grease, į uses in which Brooklime is available, as to
and applied to the places pained with the break the stone, and provoke urine and
sciatica, to continue thereon four hours if it women's courses. The decoction thereof
pe on a man, and two hours on a woman ; cleanses ulcers, by washing them therewith.
the place afterwards bathed with wine and The leaves bruised, or the juice, is good, to
oil mixed together, and then wrapped with be applied to the face or other parts troubled
wool or skins, after they have sweat a little, with freckles, pimples, spats, or the like, at
will assuredly cure not only the same dis- night, and washed away in the morning
ease in hips, knuckle-bone, or other of the The juice mixed with vinegar, and the fore
joints, as gout in the hands or feet, but all part of the head bathed therewith, is very
other old griefs of the head, (as inveterate good for those that are dull and drowsy, or
rheums,) and other parts of the body that have the lethargy.
are hard to be cured. And if of the former Water-cress pottage is a good remedy to
griefs any parts remain, the same medicine cleanse the blood in the spring, and help
after twenty days, is to be applied again. headaches, and consume the gross humours
The same is also effectual in the diseases winter has left behind ; those that would
of the spleen ; and applied to the skin, live in health, may use it if they please;
takes away the blemish thereof, whether if they will not, I cannot help it. If any
they be scars, leprosy, scabs, or scurf, } fancy not pottage, they may eat the herb as
which although it ulcerate the part, yet that ſa sallad.
is to be helped afterwards with a salve made
of oil and wax.
Esteem this as another
secret.
THIS herb receives its name from the
situation of its leaves.
Descript.] Common Crosswort grows
Descript.] Our ordinary Water Cresses up with square hairy brown stalks a little
spread forth with many weak, hollow, sappy above a foot high, having four small broad
stalks, shooting out fibres at the joints, and and pointed, hairy, yet smooth thin leaves,
upwards long winged leaves made of sundry growing at every joint, each against other
broad sappy almost round leaves, of a one way, which has caused the name
brownish colour. The flowers are many Towards the tops of the stalks at the joints,
and white, standing on long foot-stalks, with the leaves in three or four rows down-
after which come small yellow seed, con-wards, stand small, pale yellow flowers,
tained in small long pods like horns. The after which come small blackish round
whole plant abides green in the winter, and seeds, four for the most part, set in every
tastes somewhat hot and sharp.
husk. The root is very small, and full of
CROSSWORT.
WATER CRESSES

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
59
fibres, or threads, taking good hold of the patience of Socrates himself, but because
ground, and spreading with the branches I have not yet attained to the spirit of
over a great deal of ground, which perish Socrates, I shall but describe the most
not in winter, although the leaves die every { usual.
year, and spring again anew.
Descript.] The most common Crowfoot
Place.] It grows in many moist grounds, has many thin great leaves, cut into divers
as well meadows as untilled places, about parts, in laste biting and sharp, biting and
London, in Hampstead church-yard, at blistering the tongue: It bears many
Wye in Kent, and sundry other places. flowers, and those of a bright, resplendent,
Time.] It flowers from May all the Sum- yellow colour. I do not remember, that I
mêr long, in one place or other, as they are ever saw any thing yellower. Virgins, in
more open to the sun; the seed ripens soon ancient time, used to make powder of them
after.
to furrow bride beds ; after which flowers
Government and virtues.] It is under the come small heads, some spiked and rugged
dominion of Saturn. This is a singularly like a Pine-Apple.
good wound herb, and is used inwardly, Place.] They grow very common every
not only to stay bleeding of wounds, but to where; unless you turn your head into a
consolidate them, as it doth outwardly any hedge, you cannot but see them as you
green wound, which it quickly solders up, and walk
heals. The decoction of the herb in wine, Time.] They flower in May and June,
helps to expectorate the phlegm out of the even till September.
chest, and is good for obstructions in the Government and virtues.] This fiery and
breast, stomach, or bowels, and helps a hot-spirited herb of Mars is no way fit to
decayed appetite. It is also good to washị be given inwardly, but an ointment of the
any wound or sore with, to cleanse and heal } leaves or flowers will draw a blister, and
it. The herb bruised, and then boiled, may be so fitly applied to the nape of the
applied outwardly for certain days together, į neck to draw back rheum from the eyes.
renewing it often : and in the mean time | The herb being bruised and mixed with a
the decoction of the herb in wine, taken little mustard, draws a blister as well, and
inwardly every day, doth certainly cure the as perfectly as Cantharides, and with far
rupture in any, so as it be not too invete- less danger to the vessels of urine, which
rate; but very speedily, if it be fresh and į Cantharides naturally delight to wrong :
lately taken.
I knew the herb once applied to a pesti-
lential rising that was fallen down, and it
saved life even beyond hope; it were good
Many are the names this furious biting to keep an ointment and plaister of it, if it
herb has obtained, almost enough to make} were but for that.
up a Welshman's pedigree, if he fetch no
farther than John of Gaunt, or William the
Conqueror; for it is called Frog's-foot, from It is called Aron, Janus, Barba-aron,
the Greek name Barrakion: Crowfoot, Calve’s-foot, Ramp, Starchwort, Cuckow-
Gold Knobs, Gold Cups, King's Knob, point, and Wake Robin.
Baffiners, Troilflowers, Polts, Locket Gou- Descript.] This shoots forth three, four,
lions, and Butterflowers.
or five leaves at the most, from one root,
Abundance are the sorts of this herb, { every one whereof is somewhat large and
that to describe then all, would tire the long, broad at the bottom next the stalk,
(5, 6.)
CROW FOOT.
CUCKOW-POINT.
R

60
IN THE COMPLETE HERBAL
and forked, but ending in a point, without Spring, and continue but until the middle
a cut on the edge, of a full green colour, į of Summer, or somewhat later ; their husks
each standing upon a thick round stalk, of appearing before they fall away, and their
a hand-breath long, or more, among which, fruit shewing in April.
after two or three months that they begin to Government and virtues.] It is under the
wither, rises up a bare, round, whitish green dominion of Mars. Tragus reports, that
stalk, spotted and streaked with purple, { a dram weight, or more, if need be, of the
somewhat higher than the leaves : At the spotted Wake Robin, either fresh and
top whereof stands a long hollow husk, green, or dried, being eaten and taken,
close at the bottom, but open from the is a present and sure remedy for poison and
middle upwards, ending in a point: in the the plague. The juice of the herb taken to
middle whereof stand the small long pestle the quantity of a spoonful has the same
or clapper, smaller at the bottom than at effect. But if there be a little vinegar
the top, of a dark purple colour, as the husk} added thereto, as well as to the root afore-
is on the inside, though green without; said, it somewhat allays the sharp biting
which, after it hath so abided for some time, taste thereof upon the tongue. The green
the husk with the clapper decays, and the leaves bruised, and laid upon any boil or
foot or bottom thereof grows to be a small plague sore, doth wonderfully help to draw
long bunch of berries, green at the frst, forth the poison : A dram of the powder of
and of a yellowish red colour when they the dried root taken with twice so much
are ripe, of the bigness of a hazel-nut ker- sugar in the form of a licking electuary, or
nel, which abides thereon almost until the green root, doth wonderfully help those
Winter ; the root is round, and somewhat that are pursy and short-winded, as also those
long, for the most part lying along, the { that have a cough ; it breaks, digests, and
'eaves shooting forth at the largest end, ; rids away phlegm from the stomach,
which, when it bears its berries, are some- chest, and lungs. The milk wherein the
what wrinkled and loose, another growing root has been boiled is effectual also for the
under it, which is solid and firm, with many same purpose. The said powder taken in
small threads hanging thereat. The whole wine or other drink, or the juice of the
plant is of a very sharp biting taste, prick- }berries, or the powder of them, or the wine
ing the tongue as nettles do the hands, and wherein they have been boiled, provokes
so abides for a great while without altera- } urine, and brings down women's courses,
tion. The root thereof was anciently used { and purges them effectually after child-
instead of starch to starch linen with. bearing, to bring away the after-birth.
There is another sort of Cuckow-point, Taken with sheep's milk, it heals the inward
with less leaves than the former, and some-ulcers of the bowels. The distilled water
times harder, having blackish spots upon thereof is effectual to all the purposes afore-
them, which for the most part abide longer i said. A spoonful taken at a time heals
green in Summer than the former, and the itch ; an ounce or more taken at a time
both leaves and roots are more sharp and for some days together, doth help the rup-
fierce than it: In all things else it is like the ture: The leaves either green or dry, or the
former.
juice of them, doth cleanse all manner of
pat Place.] These two sorts grow frequently rotten and filthy ulcers, in what part of the
almost under every hedge-side in many} body soever; and heals the stinking sores
- places of this land,
in the nose, called Polypus. The water
Time.] They shoot forth leaves in the wherein the root has been boiled, dropped

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
61
DAISIES.
into the eyes, cleanses them from any film the bladder growing, than Cucumbers are
or skin, cloud or mists, which begin to The usual course is, to use the seeds in
hinder the sight, and helps the watering emulsions, as they make almond milk; but
and redness of them, or when, by some a far better way (in my opinion) is this:
chance, they become black and blue. The When the season of the year is, Take the
root mixed with bean-flour, and applied to } Cucumbers and bruise them well, and distil
the throat or jaws that are inflamed, helps the water from them, and let such as are
them. The juice of the berries boiled in troubled with ulcers in the bladder drink
oil of roses, or beaten into powder mixed no other drink. The face being washed
with the oil, and dropped into the ears, with the same water, cures the reddest
eases pains in them. The berries or the face that is ; it is also excellently good for
roots beaten with the hot ox-dung, and sun-burning, freckles, and morphew.
applied, eases the pains of the gout. The
leaves and roots boiled in wine with a little
oil, and applied to the piles, or the falling
THESE are so well known almost to every
down of the fundament, eases them, and so {child, that I suppose it needless to write
doth sitting over the hot fumes thereof. The any description of them. Take therefore
fresh roots bruised and distilled with a little the virtues of them as follows.
milk, yields a most sovereign water to Governinent and virtues.] The herbis
cleanse the skin from scurf, freckles, spots, under the sign Cancer, and under the
or blemishes whatsoever therein.
dominion of Venus, and therefore excellently
Authors have left large commendations good for wounds in the breast, and very
of this herb you see, but for my part, I have fitting to be kept both in oils, ointments,
neither spoken with Dr. Reason nor Dr. and plaisters, as also in syrup. The greater
Experience about it.
wild Daisy is a wound herb of good res-
pect, often used in those drinks or salves
CUCUMBERS.
Du that are for wounds, either inward or out-
Government and virtues.] THERE is no ward. The juice or distilled water of these,
dispute to be made, but that they are under or the small Daisy, doth much temper the
the dominion of the Moon, though they are heat of choler, and refresh the liver, and the
so much cried out against for their coldness, other inward parts. A decoction made of
and if they were but one degſee colder they them and drank, helps to cure the wounds
would be poison. The best of Galenists made in the hollowness of the breast. The
hold them to be cold and moist in the same also cures all ulcers and pustules in
second degree, and then not so hot as either the mouth or tongue, or in the secret parts.
lettuce or purslain : They are excellently {The leaves bruised and applied to the pri-
good for a hot stomach, and hot liver ; the vities, or to any other parts that are'swoln and
unmeasurable use of them fills the body hot, doth dissolve it, and temper the heat,
full of raw humours, and so indeed the un- A decoction made thereof, of Wallwort and
measurable use of any thing else doth harm. Agrimony, and the places fomented and
The face being washed with their juice, bathed therewith warm, gives great ease to
cleanses the skin, and is excellently good for them that are troubled with the palsy,
hot i heums in the eyes ; the seed is excel- sciatica, or the gout. The same also dis-
lently good to provoke urine, and cleanses perses and dissolves the knots or kernels
the passages thereof when they are stopped; that grow in the flesh of any part of the
there is not a better remedy for ulcers in body, and bruises and hurts that come of

62
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
A-BEDS.
falls and blows; they are also used for rup- dominion of Jupiter. It is of an opening
tures, and other inward burnings, with and cleansing quality, and therefore very
very good success. An ointment made effectual for the obstructions of the liver,
thereof doth wonderfully help all woundsgall and spleen, and the diseases that arise
that have inflaminations about them, or by from them, as the jaundice and hypocon-
reason of moist humours having access unto driac; it opens the passages of the urine
them, are kept long from healing, and such both in young and old; powerfully cleanses
are those, for the most part, that happen to imposthumes and inward ulcers in the
joints of the arms or legs. The juice of urinary passage, and by its drying and
them dropped into the running eyes of any, temperate quality doth afterwards heal
doth inuch help them.
them; for which purpose the decoctiơn of
the roots or leaves in white wine, or the
DANDELION, VULGARLY CALLED PISS-
leaves chopped as pot-herbs, with a few
Alisanders, and boiled in their broth, are
Descript.] It is well known to have very effectual. And whoever is drawing
many long and deep gashed leaves, lying towards a consumption or an evil disposi-
on the ground round about the head of the įtion of the whole body, called Cachexia,
roots; the ends of each gash or jag, on by the use hereof for some time together,
both sides looking downwards towards the shall find a wonderful help. It helps also
roots; the middle rib being white, which to procure rest and sleep to bodies dis-
being broken, yields abundance of bitter tempered by the heat of ague fits, or other-
milk, but the root much more; from among wise: The distilled water is effectual to
the leaves, which always abide green, arise { drink in pestilential fevers, and to wash the
many slender, weak, naked foot-stalks, sores.
every one of them bearing at the top one You see here what virtues this common
large yellow flower, consisting of many herb hath, and that is the reason the French
rows of yellow leaves, broad at the points, and Dutch so often eat them in the Spring;
and nicked in with deep spots of yellow in and now if you look a little farther, you
the middle, which growing ripe, the green may see plainly without a pair of spec-
husk wherein the flowers stood turns itself tacles, that foreign physicians are not so
down to the stalk, and the head of down selfish as ours are, but more communicative
becomes as round as a ball : with long of the virtues of plants to people.
seed underneath, bearing a part of the
down on the head of every one, which
together is blown away with the wind, or
may be at once blown away with one's It is called Jam and Wray; in Sussex
mouth. The root growing downwards they call it Crop, it being a pestilent enemy
exceedingly deep, which being broken off among corn.
within the ground, will yet shoot forth again, Descript.] This has all the winter long,
and will hardly be destroyed where it hath sundry long, flat, and rough leaves, which,
once taken deep root in the ground. when the stalk rises, which is slender and
Place.] It grows frequently in all mea- jointed, are narrower, but rough still; on
dows and pasture-grounds.
the top grows a long spike, composed of
Time.] It flowers in one place or other many heads set one above another, con-
almost all the year long.
taining two or three husks, with a sharp
Government and virtues.] It is under the but short beard of awns at the end ; the
DARNEL.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
63
seed is easily shaken out of the ear, the Place.] It is most usually sown in gar-
husk itself being somewhat rough. dens and grounds for the purpose, and is
Place.] The country husbandmen do also found wild in many places.
know this too well to grow among their Government and virtues.] Mercury has
corn, or in the borders and pathways of the dominion of this plant, and therefore to
the other fields that are fallow.
be sure it strengthens the brain. The Dill
Government and virtues.] It is a malicious being boiled and drank, is good to ease
part of sullen Saturn. As it is not without swellings and pains ; it also stays the belly
some vices, so hath it also many virtues. and stomach from casting. The decoction
The meal of Darnel is very good to stay therefore helps women that are troubled with
gangrenes, and other such like fretting and the pains and windiness of the mother, ir
eating cankers, and putrid sores : It also they sit therein. It stays the hiccough,
cleanses the skin of all leprosies, morphews, being boiled in wine, and but smelled unto
ringworms, and the like, if it be used with į being tied in a cloth. The seed is of more
salt and raddish roots. And being used { use than the leaves, and more effectual to
with quick brimstone and vinegar, it dis-digest raw and vicious humours, and is
solves knots and kernels, and breaks those used in medicines that serve to expel wind,
that are hard to be dissolved, being boiled and the pains proceeding therefrom. The
in wine with pigeon's dung and Linseed : {seed, being roasted er fried, and used in
A decoclion thereof made with water and oils or plasters, dissolve the imposthumes
honey, and the places bathed therewith, is in the fundament; and dries up all moist
profitable for the sciatica. Darnel meal ulcers, especially in the fundament; an oil
applied in a poultice draws forth splinters made of Dill is effectual to warm or dis-
and broken bones in the flesh: The red solve humours and imposthumes, and the
Darnel, boiled in red wine and taken, pains, and to procure rest. The decoction
stays the lask and all other fluxes, and of Dill, be it herb or seed (only if you boil
women's bloody issues ; and restrains urine the seed you must bruise it) in white wine,
that passes away too suddenly.
being drank, it is a gallant expeller of wind,
and provoker of the terms.
DEVIL'S-BIT.
Descript.] The common Dill grows up
with seldom more than one stalk, neither Descript.] Tuis rises up with a round
so high, nor sọ great usually as Fennel, green smooth stalk, about two feet high,
being round and fewer joints thereon, set with divers long and somewhat narrow,
whose leaves are sadder, and somewhat smooth, dark green leaves, somewhat nipped
long, and so like Fennel that it deceives about the edges, for the most part, being
many, but harder in handling, and some- } else all whole, and not divided at all, or but
what thicker, and of a strong unpleasant {very seldom, even to the tops of the
scent: The tops of the stalks have four branches, which yet are smaller than those
branches and smaller umbels of yellow below, with one rib only in the middle.
flowers, which turn into small seed, some- At the end of each branch stands a round
what flatter and thinner than Fennel seed. head of many flowers set together in the
The root is somewhat small and woody, same manner, or more neatly than Scabions,
perishes every year after it hath borne and of a bluish purple colour, which
seed; and is also unprofitable, being never being past, there follows seed which falls
put to any use.
away. The root is somewhat thick, but
(7, 8.)
DILL.

64
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
DOCK.
short and blackish, with many strings, murphew, or other deformities thereof,
abiding after seed time many years. This especially if a little vitriol be dissolved
root was longer, until the devil (as the therein.
friars say) bit away the rest of it for spite,
envying its usefulness to mankind;" for
sure he was not troubled with any disease Many kinds of these are so well known,
for which it is proper.
that I shall not trouble you with a descrip-
There are two other sorts hereof, in žtion of them: My book grows big too fast.
nothing unlike the former, save that the Government and virtues.] All Docks are
one bears white, and the other bluish-colour- under Jupiter, of which the Red Dock,
ed flowers.
which is commonly called Bloodwort,
Place.] The first grows as well in dry cleanses the blood, and strengthens the
meadows and fields as moist, in many liver ; but the yellow Dock-root is best to
places of this land: But the other two are be taken when either the blood or liver is
more rare, and hard to be met with, yet affected by choler. All of them have a
they are both found growing wild about kind of cooling (but not all alike) drying
Appledore, near Rye in Kent.
quality, the sorrel being most cold, and the
Time.] They flower not usually until Blood-worts most drying. Of the Burdock,
August.
I have spoken already by itself. The seed
Government and virtues.] The plant is of most of the other kinds, whether the gar-
venereal, pleasing, and harmless. The herb dens or fields, do stay lasks and fluxes of
or the root (all thal the devil hath left of all sorts, the loathing of the stomach through
it) being boiled in wine, and drank, is very choler, and is helpful for those that spit
powerful against the plague, and all pes- blood. The roots boiled in vinegar help
tilential diseases or fevers, poisons also, the itch, scabs, and breaking out of the
and the bitings of venemous beasts : It skin, if it be bathed therewith. The dis-
helps also those that are inwardly bruised tilled water of the herb and roots have the
by any casuality, or outwardly by falls or same virtue, and cleanses the skin from
blows, dissolving the clotted blood; and, freckles, morphews, and all other spots and
the herb or root beaten and outwardly { discolourings therein.
applied, takes away the black and blue All Docks being boiled with meat, make
marks that remain in the skin. The de- it boil the sooner: Besides Blood-wort is
coction of the herb, with honey of roses exceeding strengthening to the liver, and
put therein, is very effectual to help the procures good blood, being as wholesome
inveterate tumours and swellings of the ja pot-herb as any growing in a garden; yet
almonds and throat, by often gargling the such is the nicety of our times, forsooth,
mouth therewith. It helps also to procure that women will not put it into a pot, be-
women's courses, and eases all pains of the cause it makes the pottage black; pride
mother and to break and discuss wind and ignorance (a couple of monsters in the
therein, and in the bowels. The powder of creation) preferring nicety before health.
the root taken in drink, drives forth the
worms in the body. The juice or dis- DODDER OF THYME, EPITHYMUM, AND
tilled water of the herb, is effectual for
green wounds, or old sores, and cleanses Descript.] This first from seed gives
the body inwardly, and the seed outwardly, roots in the ground, which shoot forth
from sores, scurt, itch, pimples, freckles,l threads or strings, grosser or finer, as the
OTHER DODDERS.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
65
property of the plant wherein it grows, spleen, and melancholy that arises from the
and the climate doth suffer, creeping and windiness of the hypochondria. It purges
spreading on that plant whereon it fastens, also the reins or kidneys by urine; it
be it high or low. The strings have no{opens obstructions of the gall
, whereby it
leaves at all on them, but wind and in- profits them that have the jaundice; as
terlace themselves, so thick upon a small also the leaves, the spleen: Purging the
plant, that it takes away all comfort of the veins of the choleric and phlegmatic
sun from it; and is ready to choak or stran-, humours, and helps children in agues, a
gle it. After these strings are risen to that little worm seed being put thereto.
height, that they may draw nourishment The other Dodders do; as I said before,
from that plant, they seem to be broken off participate of the nature of those plants
from the ground, either by the strength of whereon they grow: As that which hath
their rising, or withered by the heat of the been found growing upon nettles in the
Sun. Upon these strings are found clus-west-country, hath by experience been
ters of small heads or husks, out of which found very effectual to procure plenty of
shoot forth whitish flowers, which after- urine where it hath been stopped or hin-
wards give small pale white coloured seed, dered. And so of the rest.
somewhat flat, and twice as big as Poppy-i Sympathy and antipathy are two hinges
seed. It generally participates of the na- upon which the whole mode of physic
ture of the plant which it climbs upon ;} turns; and that physician who minds
but the Dodder of Thyme is accounted the them not, is like a door off from the hooks,
best, and is the only true Epithymum. more like to do a man mischief, than to
Government and virtues.] All Dodders secure him. Then all the diseases Saturn
are under Saturn. Tell not me of phy- } causes, this helps by sympathy, and
sicians crying up Epithymum, or that strengthens all the parts of the body he
Dodder which grows upon Thyme, (most rules ; such as be caused by Sol, it helps by
of which comes from Hemetius in Greece, antipathy. What those diseases are, see
or Hybla in Sicily, because those moun-my judgment of diseases by astrology; and
tains abound with Thyme,) he is a phy- } if you be pleased to look at the herb Worm-
sician indeed, that hath wit enough to wood, you shall find a rational way for it.
choose the Dodder according to the nature
of the disease and humour peccant. We
DOG'S-GRASS, OR COUGH GRASS.
confess, Thyme is the hottest hierb it usually Descript.] It is well known, that the
grows upon; and therefore that which į grass creeps far about under ground, with
grows upon Thyme is hotter than that long white joined roots, and small fibres
which grows upon cold herbs; for it draws almost at every joint, very sweet in taste,
nourishment from what it grows upon, as ļas the rest of the herb is, and interlacing
well as from the earth where its root is, and one another, from whence shoot forth many
thus you see old Saturn is wise enough to fair grassy leaves, small at the ends, and
have two strings to his bow. This is ac- cutting or sharp on the edges. The stalks
counted the most effectual for melancholy ſ are jointed like corn, with the like leaves
diseases, and to purge black or burnt choler, on them, and a large spiked head, with a
which is the cause of many diseases of the long husk in them, and hard rough seed in
head and brain, as also for the trembling of them. If you know it not by this des-
the heart, faintings and swoonings. It is cription, watch the dogs when they are
helpful in all diseases and griefs of the sick, and they will quickly lead you to it.

66
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Place.] It grows commonly through this by the path-sides in many places, and will
land in divers ploughed grounds to the noi also be in gardens.
small trouble of the husbandmen, as also Time.] It flowers in June, July, and
of the gardeners, in gardens, to.weed it out,} August, some earlier and some later; and
if they can; for it is a constant customer to the seed is ripe quickly after.us
the place it gets footing in.
Government and virtues.] It is a very
Government and virtues.] Tis under the gentle, though martial plant. It is found
dominion of Jupiter, and is the most medi-} by experience to be singularly good for wind
cinal of all the Quick-grasses. Being cholic, as also to expel the stone and gravel
boiled and drank, it opens obstructions of in the kidneys. The decoction thereof in
the liver and gall, and the stopping of wine, is an excellent good cure for those
urine, and eases the griping pains of the that have inward wounds, hurts, or bruises,
belly and inflammations; wastes the mat- both to stay the bleeding, to dissolve and
ter of the stone in the bladder, and the expel the congealed blood, and to heal the
ulcers thereof also. The roots bruised and parts, as also to cleanse and heal outward
applied, do consolidate wounds. The seed sores, ulcers, and fistulas ; and for green
doth more powerfully expel urine, and wounds, many do only bruise the herb, and
stays the lask and vomiting. The dis-apply it to the places, and it heals them
tilled water alone, or with a little wormseed, quickly. The same decoction in wine
kills the worms in children.
{fomented to any place pained with the
The way of use is to bruise the roots, and } gout, or to joint-aches, or pains of the
having well boiled them in white wine, sinews, gives much ease. The powder or
drink the decoction: "Tis opening but not decoction of the herb taken for some time
purging, very safe : Tis a remedy against į together, is found by experience to be sin-
all diseases coming of stopping, and such gularly good for ruptures and burstings in
are half those that are incident to the body people, either young or old.
of man; and although a gardener be of
DUCK'S MEAT
another opinion, yet a physician holds half
an acre of them to be worth five acres of This is so well known to swim on the
Carrots twice told over.
tops of standing waters, as ponds, pools,
and ditches, that it is needless further to
DOVE'S-FOOT, OR CRANE'S-BILL.
describe it.
Descript.] This has divers small, round, Government and virtues.] Cancer claims
pale-green leaves, cut in about the edges, the herb, and the Moon will be Lady of it;
much like mallow, standing upon long, a word is enough to a wise man. It is
reddish, hairy stalks, lying in a round com- } effectual to help inflammations, and St
pass upon the ground; among which rise Anthony's Fire, as also the gout, either
up two or three, or more, reddish, jointed, {applied by itself, or in a poultice with Bar-
slender, weak, hairy stalks, with some like ley meal. The distilled water by some is
leaves thereon, but smaller, and more cut in highly esteemed against all inward inflam-
up to the tops, where grow many very mations and pestilent fevers; as also to
small bright red flowers of five leaves a-help the redness of the eyes, and swellings
piece; after which follow small heads, with of privities, and of the breasts before they
small short beaks pointed forth, as all other be grown too much. The fresh herb ap-
sorts of those herbs do.
į plied to the forehead, eases the pains of
Place.] It grows in pasture grounds, and the head-ache coming of heat.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
DOWN, OR COTTON-THISTLE.
were crun
flower and seed.
to the lower end of the stalks, and see how
like a snake they look.
Government and virtues.] The plant is
Descript.] Tuis has large leaves lying under the dominion of Mars
, and therefore
on the ground, somewhat cut in, and as it it would be a wonder if it should want
umpled on the edges, of a green
colour on the upper side, but covered with some obnoxious quality or other: In all
long hairy wool, or Cotton Down, set with either to distil the herb in an alembick, in
herbs of that quality, the safest way is
most sharp and cruel pricks, from the mid-
dle of whose head of flowers, thrust forth out the juice, and distil that in a glass still,
what vehicle you please, or else to press
many purplish crimson threads, and some- in sand. It scours and cleanses the in-
times (although very seldom) white ones. ternal parts of the body mightily, and it
The seed that follows in the heads, lying clears the external parts also, being exter-
in a great deal of white down, is some-
what large, long, and round, like the seed nally applied, from freckles, morphew, and
of ladies thistle, but paler. The root is great ternally, is to mix it with vinegar; an oint-
sun-burning: Your best way to use it ex-
and thick, spreading much, yet it usually ment of it is held to be good in wounds
dies after seed-time.
and ulcers; it consumnes cankers, and that
Place.]
It grows in divers ditches, flesh growing in the nostrils, which they call
banks, and in corn-fields, and highways, Polypus: Also the distilled water being
generally every where throughout the land, dropped into the eyes, takes away spots
the end of Summer, when other thistles do there, or the pin and web, and mends the
dinness of sight; itis excellently good against
Government and virtues.] Mars owns the pestilence and poison. Pliny and Dios-
plant, and manifests to the world, that with him that carries this herb about him.
corides affirm, that no serpent will meddle
though it may hurt your finger, it will help
your body; for I fancy it much for the
ensuing virtues. Pliny and Dioscorides
I hold it needless to write any descrip-
write, That the leaves and roots thereof;
tion of this, since every boy that plays with
taken in drink, help those that have a crick
a pop-gun will not mistake another tree
their neck but their whole body must turn instead of Elder : I shall therefore in this
also (sure they do not mean those that have place only describe the Dwarf-Elder,
got a crick in their neck by being under called also Dead-wort, and Wall-wort.
the hangman's hand.) Galen saith, that
the root and leaves hereof are of a healing
Descript.] This is but an herb every
quality, and good for such persons as have
year, dying with his stalks to the ground,
their bodies drawn together by some spasm and rising afresh every Spring, and is like
or convulsions, as it is with children that
unto the Elder both in form and quality,
rising up with a square, rough, hairy stalk,
four feet high, or more sometimes. The
winged leaves are somewhat narrower than
THEY are so well known to every one the Elder, but else like them. The flowers
that plants them in their gardens, they need are white with a dash of purple, standing in
no description; if not, let them look down umbels, very like the Elder also, but more
(7,8.)
THE ELDER TREE.
THE DWARF-ELDER.
have the rickets.
DRAGONS.
T

68
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
sweet in scent; after which come small the eyes, assuages them; the juice of the
blackish berries, full of juice while they are leaves snuffed up into the nostrils, purges
fresh, wherein is small hard kernels, or seed. the tunicles of the brain; the juice of the
The root doth creep unerd the upper crust berries boiled with honey and dropped
of the ground, springing in divers places, { into the ears, helps the pains of them; the
being of the bigness of one's finger or decoction of the berries in wine, being
thumb sometimes.
drank, provokes urine; the distilled water
Place.] The Elder tree grows in hedges, of the flowers is of much use to clean the
being planted there to strengthen the fences skin from sun-burning, freckles, morphew,
and partitions of ground, and to hold the for the like ; and takes away the head-ache,
banks by ditches and water-courses. coming of a cold cause, the head being
The Dwarf Elder grows wild in many bathed therewith. The leaves or flowers
places of England, where being once gotten distilled in the month of May, and the legs
into a ground, it is not easily gotten forth often washed with the said distilled water,
again.
it takes away the ulcers and sores of them.
Time.] Most of the Elder Trees, flower The eyes washed therewith, it takes away
in June, and their fruit is ripe for the most the redness and bloodshot; and the hands
part in August. But the Dwarf Elder, or washed morning and evening therewith,
Wall-wort, flowers somewhat later, and his helps the palsy, and shaking of them.
fruit is not ripe until September.
T'he Dwarf Elder is more powerful than
Government and virtues.] Both Elder and į the common Elder in opening and purging
Dwarf Tree are under the dominion of choler, phlegm, and water; in helping the
Venus. The first shoots of the common gout, piles, and women's diseases, colours
Elder boiled like Asparagus, and the young the hair black, helps the inflammations of
eaves and stalks boiled in fat broth, doth the eyes, and pains in the ears, the biting of
mightily carry forth phlegm and choler. serpents, or mad dogs, burnings and scald-
The middle or inward bark boiled in water, ings, the wind cholic, cholic, and stone, the
and given in drink, works much more { difficulty of urine, the cure of old sores and
violently; and the berries, either green or { fistulous ulcers. Either leaves or bark of
dry, expel the same humour, and are often Elder, stripped upwards as you gather it,
given with good success to help the dropsy; causes vomiting. Also, Dr. Butler, in a
the bark of the root boiled in wine, or the manuscript of his, commends Dwarf Elder
juice thereof drank, works the same effects, to the sky for dropsies, viz. to drink it,
but more powerfully than either the leaves being boiled in white wine; to drink the
or fruit. The juice of the root taken, doth decoction I mean, not the Elder.
mightily procure vomitings, and purges the
watery humours of the dropsy. The de-
coction of the root taken, cures the biting This tree is so well known, growing
of an adder, and biting of mad dogs. It generally in all counties of this land, that it
mollifies the hardness of the mother, if is needless to describe it.
women sit thereon, and opens their veins, Government and virtues.] It is a cold and
and brings down their courses: The berries saturnine plant. The leaves thereof bruised
boiled in wine perform the same effect; and applied, heal green wounds, being
and the hair of the head washed therewith bound thereon with its own bark. The
is made black. The juice of the green leaves or the bark used with vinegar, cures
leaves applied to the hot inflammations of scurf and leprosy very effectually: The
THE ELM TREE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
69
ELECAMPANE.
decoction of the leaves, hark, or root, being cools the heat and sharpness of the urine,
bathed, heals broken bones. The water and excoriation in the urinary parts. The
that is found in the bladders on the leaves, seeds are of the same property, or rather
while it is fresh, is very effectual to cleanse? more powerful, and besides are available for
the skin, and make it fair; and if cloaths be fainting, swoonings, and passions of the
often wet therein, and applied to the rup-{heart. Outwardly applied, they serve to
tures of children, it heals them, if they be temper the sharp humours of fretting ulcers,
well bound up with a truss. The said | hot tumours, swellings, and pestilential
water put into a glass, and set into the sores; and wonderfully help not only the
ground, or else in dung for twenty-five redness and inflammations of the eyes, but
days, the mouth thereof being close stopped, the dimness of the sight also ; they are also
and the bottom set upon a layer of ordinary used to allay the pains of the gout. You
salt, that the foeces may seltle and water cannot use it amiss ; a syrup of it is a fine
become clear, is a singular and sovereign cooling medicine for fevers.
balm for green wounds, being used with
soft tents : The decoction of the bark of
the root, fomented, mollifies hard tumours,
and the shrinking of the sinews. The roots Descript.] It shoots forth many large
of the Elm, boiled for a long time in water, leaves, long and broad, lying near the
and the fat arising on the top thereof, being ground, small at both ends, somewhat soft
clean skimrned off, and the place anointed in handling, of a whitish green on the upper
therewith that is grown bald, and the hair side, and grey underneath, each set upon
fallen away, will -quickly restore them a short footstalk, from among which rise
again. The said bark ground with brineup divers great and strong hairy stalks, three
or pickle, until it come to the form of a šor four feet high, with some leaves there-
poultice, and laid on the place pained with upon, compassing them about at the lower
the gout, gives great ease. The decoc-end, and are branched towards the tops,
tion of the bark in water, is excellent to bearing divers great and large flowers, like
bathe such places as have been burnt with those of the corn marigold, both the border
fire.
of leaves, and the middle thrum being yel-
low, which turn into down, with long, small,
brownish seeds amongst it, and is carried
Descript.) COMMON garden Endive away with the wind. The root is great
bears a longer and larger leaf than Succory, and thick, branched forth divers ways,
and abides but one year, quickly running blackish on the outside and whitish within,
up to a stalk and seed, and then perishes; of a very bitter taste, and strong, but good
it has blue flowers, and the seed of the scent, especially when they are dried, no
ordinary Endive is so like Succory seed, part else of the plant having any smell.
that it is hard to distinguish them.
Place.] It grows on moist grounds and
Government and virtues.] It is a fine shadowy places oftener than in the dry and
cooling, cleansing, jovial plant. The de- } open borders of the fields and lanes, and in
coction of the leaves, or the juice, or the other waste places, almost in every county
distilled water of Endive, serve well to cool of this land.
the excessive heat of the liver and stomach, Time.] It flowers in the end of June and
and in the hot fits of agues, and all other July, and the seed is ripe in August. The
inflammations in any part of the body; it roots are gathered for use, as well in the
ENDIVE.

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Spring before the leaves come forth, as in from any morphew, spots, or blemishes
Autumn or Winter.
therein, and make it clear.
Government and virtues.] It is a plant
ERINGO, OR SEA-HOLLY.
under the dominion of Mercury. The fresh
roots of Elecampane preserved with sugar, Descript.] The first leaves of our ordi-
or made into a syrup or conserve, are very nary Sea-Holly, are nothing so hard and
effectual to warm a cold windy stomach, prickly as when they grow old, being almost
or the pricking therein, and stitches in the round, and deeply dented about the edges,
sides caused by the spleen; and to help the hard and sharp pointed, and a little crumpled,
cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing in of a bluish green colour, every one upon
the lungs. The dried root made into pow- a long foot stalk; but those that grow up
der, and mixed with sugar, and taken, serves higher with the stalk, do as it were compass
to the same purpose, and is also profitable it about. The stalk itself is round and
for those who have their urine stopped, or strong, yet somewhat crested, with joints
the stopping of women's courses, the pains į and leaves set thereat, but more divided,
of the mother, and the stone in the reins, sharp, and prickly; and branches rising
kidneys, or bladder; it resists poison, and from thence, which have likewise other
stays the , spreading of the venom of ser- small branches, each of them having several
pents, as also putrid and pestilential fevers, bluish round prickly beads, with many
and the plague itself. The roots and herbs small jagged prickly leaves under them,
beaten and put into new ale or beer, and { standing like a star, and sometimes found
daily drank, clears, strengthens, and quick- greenish or whitish : The root grows won-
ens the sight of the eyes wonderfully. The derfully long, even to eight or ten feet in
decoction of the roots in wine, or the juice } length, set with rings and circles toward the
taken therein, kills and drives forth all upper part, cut smooth and without joints
manner of worms in the belly, stomach, and down lower, brownish on the outside, and
maw; and gargled in the mouth, or the very white within, with a pith in the middle;
root chewed, fastens loose teeth, and helps of a pleasant taste, but much more, being
to keep them from putrefaction; and being; artificially preserved, and candied with
drank is good for those that spit blood, sugar.
helps to remove cramps or convulsions, Place.] It is found about the sea coast
gout, sciatica, pains in the joints, applied in almost every county of this land which
outwardly or inwardly, and is also good for { borders upon the sea.
those that are bursten, or have any inward Time.] It flowers in the end of Sum-
bruise. The root boiled well in vinegar mer, and gives ripe seed within a month
beaten afterward, and made into an oint-after.
ment with hog's suet, or oil of trotters, is an Government and virtues.] The plant is
excellent remedy for scabs or itch in young venereal, and breeds seed exceedingly, and
or old; the places also bathed or washed strengthens the spirit procreative; it is hot
with the decoction doth the same ; it also {and moist, and under the celestial Balance.
helps al) sorts of filthy old putrid sores or The decoction of the root hereof in wine,
cankers whatsoever. In the roots of this is very effectual to open obstructions of the
herb lieth the chief effect for the remedies įspleen and liver, and helps yellow jaun-
aforesaid. The distilled water of the leaves dice, dropsy, pains of the loins, and wind
and roots together, is very profitable to cholic, provokes urine, and expels the
cleanse the skin of the face, or other parts, stone, procures women's courses. The con

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
sinued use of the decoction for fifteen days, Government and virtues.] It is under the
taken fasting, and next to bedward, doth į sign of the Lion, and Sol claims dominion
help the stranguary, the difficulty and stop-over it. If the herb was but as much used
page of urine, and the stone, as well as all as it is neglected, it would half spoil the
defects of the reins and kidneys; and if į spectacle maker's trade; and a man would
the said drink be continued longer, it is said } think, that reason should teach people to
that it cures the stone; it is found good prefer the preservation of their natural
against the French pox. The roots bruised before artificial spectacles; which that they
and applied outwardly, help the kernels of may be instructed how to do, take the vir-
the throat, commonly called the king's evil;tues of Eyebright as follows.
or taken inwardly, and applied to the place The juice or distilled water of Eyebright,
stung or bitten by any serpent, heal it taken inwardly in white wine or broth, or
speedily. If the roots be bruised, and dropped into the eyes for divers days
boiled in old hog's grease, or salted lard, together, helps all infirmities of the eyes
and broken bones, thorns, &c. remaining that cause dimness of sight. Some make
in the flesh, they do not only draw them conserve of the flowers to the same effect.
forth, but heal up the place again, gathering Being used any of the ways, it also helps
new flesh where it was consumed. The a weak brain, or memory. This tunned up
juice of the leaves dropped into the ear, with strong beer, that it may work together,
helps imposthumes therein. The distilled { and drank, or the powder of the dried herb
water of the whole herb, when the leaves { mixed with sugar, a little Mace, and Fennel
and stalks are young, is profitably drank seed, and drank, or eaten in broth; or the
for all the purposes aforesaid ; and helps said powder made into an electuary with
the melancholy of the heart, and is avail- sugar, and taken, has the same powerful
able in quartan and quotidian agues; as effect to help and restore the sight, decayed
also for them that have their necks drawn { through age; and Arnoldus de Villa Nova
awry, and cannot turn them without turn- saith, it hath restored sight to them that
ing their whole body.
have been blind a long time before.
EYEBRIGHT.
FERN.
Descript.] COMMON Eyebright is a Descript.] Of this there are two kinds
small low herb, rising up usually but with principally to be treated of, viz. the Male
one blackish green stalk a span high, or and Female, The Female grows higher
not much more, spread from the bottom than the Male, but the leaves thereof are
into sundry branches, whereon are small smaller, and more divided and dented, and
and almost round yet pointed dark green of as strong a smell as the male; the vir-
leaves, finely snipped about the edges, two tue of them are both alike, and therefore
always set together, and very thick : At the I shall not trouble you with any descrip-
joints with the leaves, from the middle up- tion or distinction of them.
ward, come forth small white flowers, Place.] They grow both in heaths and
marked with purple and yellow spots, or in shady places near the hedge-sides in all
stripes ; after which follow small round counties of this land.
heads, with very small seed therein. The Time] They flower and give their secd
root is long, small and thready at the end. at Midsummer.
Place.] It grows in meadows, and grassy The Female Fern is that plant which is
places in this land.
in Sussex, called Brakes, the sced of which
(7, 8.)
U

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
more.
FEVERFEW, OR FEATHERFEW.
some authors hold to be so rare : Such a pith in the middle, which is called the heart
thing there is I know, and may be easily thereof.
had upon Midsummer Eve, and for ought Place.] It grows on moors, bogs, and
I know, two or three days after it, if not watery places, in many parts of this land.
Time.] It is green all the summer, and
Government and virtues.] It is under the į the root only abides in winter.
dominion of Mercury, both Male and Government and virtues.] Saturn owns
Female. The roots of both these sorts of the plant. This has all the virtues men-
Fern being bruised and boiled in Mead, {tioned in the former Ferns, and is much
or honeyed water, and drank, kills both more effectual than they, both for inward
the broad and long worms in the body, and outward griefs, and is accounted sin-
and abates the swelling and hardness of the gularly good in wounds, bruises, or the like.
spleen. The green leaves eaten, purge the The decoction to be drank, or boiled into
belly of 'choleric and waterish humours; an ointment of oil, as a balsam or balm,
that trouble the stomach. They are dan- and so it is singularly good against bruises,
gerous for women with child to meddle and bones broken, or out of joint, and gives
with, by reason they cause abortions. The much case to the cholic and splenetic
roots bruised and boiled in oil, or hog's diseases: as also for ruptures or burstings.
grease, make a very profitable ointment to The decoction of the root in, white wine,
heal wounds, or pricks gotten in the flesh. provokes urine exceedingly, and cleanses
The powder of them used in foul ulcers, the bladder and passages of urine.
dries up their malignant moisture, and
causes their speedier healing. Fern being
burned, the smoke thereof drives away Descript.]
COMMON Featherfew has
serpents, gnats, and other noisome crea- large, fresh, green leaves, much torn or cut
tures, which in fenny countries do, in the on the edges. The stalks are hard and
night time, trouble and molest people lying round, set with many such like leaves, but
in their beds with their faces uncovered; it smaller, and at the tops stand many single
causes barrenness.
flowers, upon small fooť stalks, consisting
of many small white leaves standing round
about a yellow thrum in the middle. The
root is somewhat hard and short, with many
Descript.] This shoots forth in spring strong fibres about it. The scent of the
time (for in the Winter the leaves perish) whole plant is very strong, and the taste is
divers rough hard stalks, half round, and {very bitter.
yellowish, or flat on the other side, two feet Place.] This grows wild in many places
high, having divers branches of winged yel- of the land, but is for the most part nourish-
lowish green leaves on all sides, set one ed in gardens.
against another, longer, narrower, and not Time.] It flowers in the months of June
nicked on the edges as the former. From and July.
the top of some of these stalks grow forth Government and virtues.] Venus com-
a long bush of small and more yellow, {mands this herb, and has commended it to
green, scaly aglets, Set in the same manner succour her sisters (women) and to be a
on the stalks as the leaves are, which are general strengthener of their wombs, and
accounted the flowers and seeds. The root remedy such infirmities as a careless mid-
is rough, thick and scabby: with a white wife hath there caused ; if they will but be
OSMOND ROYAL, OR WATER FERN,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
73
FENNEL.
pleased to make use of her herb boiled inplied warm outwardly to the places, helps
white wine, and drink the decoction; it į the wind and cholic in the lower part of
cleanses the womb, expels the after-birth, the belly. It is an especial remedy against
and doth a woman all the good she can opiuni taken too liberally.
desire of an herb. And if any grumble
because they cannot get the herb in winter,
tell them, if they please, they may make EvEry garden affords this so plenti-
a syrup of it in summer; it is chiefly used fully, that it needs no description.
for the disease of the mother, whether it be Government and virtues.] One good old
the strangling or rising of the mother, or fashion is not yet left off, viz. to boil Fennel
hardness, or inflammation of the same, with fish ; for it consumes that phlegmatic
applied outwardly thereunto. Or a decoc-humour, which fish most plentifully afford
tion of the flowers in wine, with a little Nut- and annoy the body with, though few that
meg or Mace put therein, and drank often in use it know wherefore they do it; I suppose
a day, is an approved remedy to bring the reason of its benefit this way is, because
down women's courses speedily, and helps it is an herb of Mercury, and under Virgo,
to expel the dead birth and after-birth. } and therefore bears antipathy to Pisces.
For a woman to sit over the hot fumes of Fennel is good to break wind, to provoke
the decoction of the herb made in water or urine, and ease the pains of the stone, and
wine, is effectual for the same; and in some helps to break it. The leaves or seed,
cases to apply the boiled herb warin to the boiled in barley water' and drank are good
privy parts. The decoction thereof made, for nurses, to increase their milk, and make
with some sugar, or honey put thereto, is it more wholesome for the child. The
used by many with good success to help leaves, or rather the seeds, boiled in water,
the cough and stuffing of the chest, by stays the hiccough, and takes away the
colds, as also to cleanse the reins and loathings which oftentimes happen to the
bladder, and helps to expel the stone inįstoniachs of sick and feverish persons, and
them. The powder of the herb taken in allays the heat thereof. The seed boiled in
wine, with some Oxymel, purges both cho- wine and drank, is good for those that are
ler and phlegm, and is available for those bitten with serpents, or have eaten poison-
that are short winded, and are troubled with ous herbs, or mushrooms. The seed, and
melancholy and heaviness, or sadness of the roots much more, help to open obstruc-
spirits. It is very effectual for all pains'in tions of the liver, spleen, and gall, and
the head coming of a cold cause, the herb thereby help the painful and windy swel-
being bruised and applied to the crown of lings of the spleen, and the yellow jaundice;
the head : As also for the vertigo, that is a şas also the gout and cramps. The seed is
running or swimming in the head. The of good use in medicines to help shortness
decoction thereof drank warm, and the of breath and wheezing by stopping of the
herb bruised with a few corns of Bay salt, lungs. It belps also to bring down the
and applied to the wrists before the coming courses, and to cleanse the parts after
of the ague fits, doth take them away. The delivery. The roots are of most, use in
distilled water takes away freckles, and physic drinks, and broth that are taken to
other spots and deformities in the face. cleanse tlie blood, 10 open obstructions of
The herb bruised and heated on a tile, with the liver, so provoke urine, and amend the
some wine to moisten it, or fried with a ill colour in the face after sickness, and to
little wine and oil in a frying-pan, and ap-cause a good habit through the body.

74
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Both leaves, seeds, and roots thereof are little Euphorbium put to the nose, helps
much used in drink or broth, to make peo- those that are troubled with the lethargy,
ple more lean that are too fat. The dis- frenzy, giddiness of the head, the falling
tilled water of the whole herb, or the con- sickness, long and inveterate head-aches,
densate juice dissolved, but especially the the palsy, sciatica, and the cramp, and
natural juice, that in some counties issues generally all the diseases of the sinews, used
out hereof of its own accord, dropped into with oil and vinegar. The juice dissolved
the eyes, cleanses them from mists and in wine, or put into an egg, is good for a
films that hinder the sight. The sweet į cough, or shortness of breath, and for those
Fennel is much weaker in physical uses that are troubled with wind in the body.
than the common Fennel. The wild Fen- It purges the belly gently, expels the hard-
nel is stronger and hotter than the tame, {ness of the spleen, gives ease to women
and therefore most powerful against the that have sore travail in child-birth, and
stone, but not so effectual to encrease milk, cases the pains of the reins and bladder,
because of its dryness.
and also the womb. A little of the juice
dissolved in wine, and dropped into the
SOW-FENNEL, OR HOG'S-FENNEL.
ears, eases much of the pains in them, and
BESIDES the common name in English, put into a hollow tooth, eases the pain
Hog's Fennel, and the Latin name Peuci- thereof. The root is less effectual to all
danum, is called Hoar-strange, and Hoar- the aforesaid disorders; yet the powder of
strong, Sulphur-wort, and Brimstone-wort. the root cleanses foul ulcers, being put into
Descript.] The common Sow-Fennel them, and takes out splinters of broken
has divers branched stalks of thick and bones, or other things in the flesh, and
somewhat long leaves, three for the most heals them up perfectly: as also, dries up
part joined together at a place, among old and inveterate running sores, and is of
which arises a crested straight stalk, less admirable virtue in all green wounds.
than Fennel, with some joints thereon, and
leaves growing thereat, and towards the FIG-WORT, OR THROAT-WORT.
tops some branches issuing from thence
likewise on the tops of the stalks and Descript.] COMMON great Fig-wort sends
branches stand divers tufts of yellow flowers, divers great, strong, hard, square brown
whereafter grows somewhat flat, thin, and stalks, three or four feet high, whereon grow
yellowish seed, bigger than Fennel seed. large, hard, and dark green leaves, two at
The roots grow great and deep, with many a joint, harder and larger than Nettle
other parts and fibres about them of a leaves, but not stinking ; at the tops of the
strong scent like hot brimstone, and yield stalks stand many purple flowers set in
forth a yellowish milk, or clammy juice, husks, which are sometimes gaping and
almost like a gum.
open, somewhat like those of Water Betony;
Place.] It grows plentifully in the salt i after which come hard round heads, with
low marshes near Feversham in Kent. a small point in the middle, wherein lie
Time.] It flowers plentifully in July and small brownish seed. The root is great,
August.
white, and thick, with many branches at it,
Government and virtues.] This is also an growing aslope under the upper crust of
herb of Mercury. The juice of Sow-Fennel the ground, which abides many years, but
(saith Dioscorides, and . Galen,) used with keeps not his green leaves in Winter.
vinegar and rose water, or the juice with a Place.]. It grows frequently in moist

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
175
and shadowy woods, and in the lower parts together in a pith or umble, each upon a
of the fields and meadows.
small foot stalk, which after they have been
Time.] It Howers about July, and the blown upon a good while, do fall away,
seed will be ripe about a month after the and in their places appear small, round,
flowers are fallen.
chaffy heads like buttons, wherein are the
Government and virtues.] Some Latin chaffy seeds set and placed. The root
authors call it Cervicaria, because it is ap- consists of many small, black, tuberous
propriated to the neck; and we Throat- pieces, fastened together by many small,
wort, because it is appropriated to the į long, blackish strings, which run from one
throat. Venus `owns the herb, and the to another.
Celestial Bull will not deny it; therefore Place.] It grows in many places of this
a better remedy cannot be for the king's } land, in the corners of dry fields and mea-
evil, because the Moon that rules the dis-dows, and the hedge sides.
ease is exalted there. The decoction of the
Time.] They flower in June and July,
herb taken inwardly, and the bruised herb and their seed is ripe in August.
applied outwardly, dissolves clotted and Government and virtues.] It is under the
congealed blood within the body, coming dominion of Venus. It effectually opens
by any wounds, bruise, or fall; and is no the passages of the urine, helps the stran-
less effectual for the king's evil, or any guary; the stone in the kidneys or bladder,
other knobs, kernels, bunches, or wens the gravel, and all other pains of the blad-
growing in the flesh wheresoever; and for der and reins, by taking the roots in powa
the hæmorrhoids, or piles. An ointment { der, or a decoction of them in white wine,
made hereof may be used at all times when with a little honey. The roots made into
the fresh herb is not to be had. The dis- į powder, and inixed with honey in the form
tilled water of the whole plant, roots and of an electuary, doth much help them
all, is used for the same purposes, and dries whose stomachs are swollen, dissolving and
up the superfluous, virulent moisture of breaking the wind which was the cause
hollow and corroding ulcers; it takes away {thereof; and is also very effectual for all
all redness, spots, and freckles in the face, the diseases of the lungs, as shortness of
as also the scurf, and any foul deformity breath, wheezing, hoarseness of the throat,
therein, and the leprosy likewise.
and the cough ; and to expectorate tough
phlegt, or any other parts thereabout.
FILIPENDULA, OR DROP-WORT.
و
THE FIG-TREE.
Descript.] This sends forth many leaves,
some larger, some smaller, set on each side To give a description of a tree so well
of a middle rib, and each of them dented } known to every body that keeps it in his
about the edges, somewhat resembling wild garden, were needless. They prosper very
Tansy, or rather Agrimony, but harder in well in our English gardens, yet are fitter
handling; among which rise up one or for medicine than for any other profit
more stalks, two or three feet high, with the which is gotten by the fruit of them.
leaves growing thereon, and sometimes also Government and virtues.] The tree is
divided into other branches spreading at the under the dominion of Jupiter. The milk
top into many white, sweet-smelling flowers, } that issues out from the leaves or branches
consisting of five leaves a-piece, with some where they are broken off, being dropped
threads in the middle of them, standing upon warts, takes them away. The de-
(7, 8.)

76
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
sores.
coction of the leveas is, excellently good to cover their bottoms; but instead of the
wash sore heads with: and there is scarcely three upright leaves, as the Flower-de-luce
a better remedy for the leprosy than it is. has, this has only three short pieces
It clears the face also of morphew, and the standing in their places, after which succeed
body of white rcurf, scabs, and running thick and long three square heads, con-
If it be dropped into old fretting taining in each part somewhat big and flat
ulcers, it cleanses out the moisture, and {séed, like those of the Flower-de-luce. The
brings up the flesh; because you cannot root is long and slender, of a pale brownishi
have the leaves green all the year, you may colour on the outside, and of a horseflesh
make an ointment of them whilst you can. colour on the inside, with many hard fibres
A decoction of the leaves being drank in- thereat, and very harsh in taste.
wardly, or rather a syrup made of them, Place.] It usually grows in watery
dissolves congealed blood caused by bruises į ditches, ponds, lakes, and moor sides, which
or falls, and helps the bloody flux. The are always overflowed with water.
ashes of the wood made into an ointment Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed
with hog's grease, helps kibes and chilblains. is ripe in August.
The juice being put into an hollow tooth, Government and virtues.] It is under the
eases pain; as also pain and noise in the dominion of the Moon. The root of this
ears, being dropped into them ; and deaf- Water-flag is very astringent, cooling, and
An ointment made of the juice and {drying; and thereby helps all lasks and
hog's grease, is an excellent remedy for the fluxes, whether of blood or humours, as
biting of mad dogs, or other venomous bleeding at the mouth, nose, or other parts,
beasts, as most are. A syrup made of the bloody ftux, and the immoderate flux of
leaves, or green fruit, is excellently good for women's courses.
The distilled water of
coughs, hoarseness, or shortness of breath, the whole herb, flowers and roots, is a
and all diseases of the breast and lungs; it sovereign good remedy for watering eyes,
is also extremely good for the dropsy and { both to be dropped into them, and to have
falling sickness. They say that the Figi cloths or sponges wetted therein, and ap-
Tree, as well as the Bay Tree, is neverplied to the forehead : It also helps the
hurt by lightning; as also, if you tie a bull, spots and blemishes that happen in and
be he ever so mad, to a Fig Tree, he will about the eyes, or in any other parts: The
quickly become tame and gentle. As for said water fomented on swellings and hot
such figs as come from beyond sea, I inflammations of women's breasts, upon
have little to say, because I write pot of cancers also, and those spreading ulcers
exoticks.
called Noli me tangere, do much good: It
helps also foul ulcers in the privities of man
THE YELLOW WATER-FLAG, OR FLOWER- or woman; but an ointment made of the
flowers is better for those external applica-
ness.
DE-LUCE.
tions.
FLAX-WEED, OR TOAD-FLAX.
Descript.] This grows like the Flower-
de-luce, but it has much longer and nar-
rower sad green leaves, joined together in
that fashion; the stalk also growing often- Descript.] OUR common Flax-weed
times as high, bearing small yellow flowers į has divers stalks full fraught with long and
shaped like the Flower-de-luce, with three narrow ash-coloured leaves, and from the
falling leaves, and other three arched that middle of them almost upward, stored with

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
77
3 1
FLE A-WORT.
a number of pale yellow flowers, of a strong or spots, applied of itself, or used with some
unpleasant scent, with deeper yellow mouths, powder of Lupines.
and blackish flat seed in round heads.
The root is somewhat woody and white,
especially, the main downright one, with Descript.] ORDINARY Flea-wort rises
many fibres, abiding many years, shooting up with a stalk two feet high or more, full
forth roots every way round about, and of joints and branches on every side up to
new branches every year.
the top, and at every joint two small, long,
Place.] This grows throughout this land, and narrow whitish green leaves somewhat
both by the way sides and in meadows, as hairy; At the top of every branch stand
also by hedge-sides, and upon the sides of divers small, short scaly, or chaffy heads,
banks, and borders of fields.
out of which come forth small whitish
Time.] It flowers in Summer, and the yellow threads, like to those of the Plan-
seed is ripe usually before the end of tain herbs, which are the bloomings of
August.
flowers. The seed inclosed in these heads
Government and virtues.] Mars owns the is small and shining while it is fresh, very
herb: In Sussex we call it Gallwort, and I like unto fleas both for colour and bigness,
lay it in our chicken's water to cure them of but turning black when it grows old. The
the gall; it relieves them when they are įroot is not long, but white, hard and woody,
drooping. This is frequently used to spend perishing every year, and rising again of
the abundance of those watery humours byį its own seed for divers years, if it be suffered
urine, which cause the dropsy. The decoc- į to shed: The whole plant is somewhat
tion of the herb, both leaves and flowers, whitish and hairy, smelling somewhat like
in wine, taken and drank, doth somewhat rosin.
i move the belly downwards, opens obstruc-! There is another sort hereof, differing no
tions of the liver, and helps the yellow from the former in the manner of growing,
jaundice; expels poison, provokes women's but only that the stalk and branches being
courses, drives forth the dead child, and somewhat greater, do a little more bow
after-birth. The distilled water of the herb, down to the ground : The leaves are some-
and flowers is effectual for all the same pur- } what greater, the heads somewhat less, the
poses; being drank with a dram of the seed alike ; and the root and leaves abide
powder of the seeds of bark or the roots of all winter, and perish not as the former.
Wall-wort, and a little Cinnamon, for certain Place.] The first grows only in gardens,
days together, it is beld a singular remedy the seccond plentifully in fields that are near
for the dropsy. The juice of the herb, or the sea.
the distilled water, dropped into the eyes, Time.] They flower in July, or there-
is a certain remedy for all heat, inflamma- abouts
tion, and redness in them. The juice or Government and virtues.] The herb is
waler put into foul ulcers, whether they be cold, and dry, and saturnine. I
I suppose
or fistulous, with tents rolled it obtained the name of Flea-wort, because
therein, or parts washed and injected there- the seeds are so like Fleas, The seeds fried,
with, cleanses them thoroughly from the and taken, stays the flux or lask of the
bottom, and heals them up safely. The belly, and the corrosions that come by rea-
same juice or water also cleanses the skin son of hot choleric, or sharp and malignant
wonderfully of all sorts of deformity, as humours, or by too much purging of any
leprosy, morphew, scurf, whicals, pimples, violent medicine, as Scammony, or the
cancerous

78
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
like. The mucilage of the seed made with There is another sort, differing in nothing,
Rose-water, and a little sugar-candy put save only it has somewhat broad leaves ;
thereto, is very good in all hot agues and they have a strong evil savour, being
burning fevers, and other inflammations, to į smelled unto, and are of a drying taste.
cool the thirst, and lenify the dryness and Place.] They flower wild in the fields
roughness of the tongue and throat. It by hedge-sides and highways, and among
helps also hoarseness of the voice, and dis- rubbish and other places.
eases of the breast and lungs, caused by Time.] They flower and seed quickly
heat, or sharp salt humours, and the pleu- after, namely in June and July.
risy also. The mucilage of the seed made Government and virtues.] This herb is
with Plantain water, whereunto the yolk of saturnine also. Both the herb and seed of
an egg or two, and a little Populeon are Flux-weed is of excellent use to stay the flux
put, is a most safe and sure remedy to ease or lask of the belly, being drank in water
the sharpness, pricking, and pains of the wherein gads of steel heated have been
hæmorrhoids or piles, if it be laid on aſ often quenched; and is no less effectual
cloth, and bound thereto. It helps all in- for the same purpose than Plantain or Com-
flammations in any part of the body, and frey, and to restrain any other flux of blood
the pains that come thereby, as the head- {in man or woman, as also to consolidate
ache and megrims, and all hot imposthumes, bones broken or out of joint. The juice
swellings, or breaking out of the skin, as thereof drank in wine, or the decoction of
blains, wheals, pushes, purples, and the the herb drank, doth kill the worms in the
like, as also the joints of those that are out stomach or belly, or the worms that grow
of joint, the pains of the gout and sciatica, in putrid'and filthy ulcers ; and made into
the burstings of young children, and the a salve doth quickly heal all old sores, how
swellings of the navel, applied with oil of} foul or malignant soever they be. The
roses and vinegar. It is also good to heal { distilled water of the herb works the same
the nipples and sore breasts of women, effects, although somewhat weaker, yet it
being often applied thereunto. The juice is a fair medicine, and more acceptable to
of the herb with a little honey put into the be taken. It is called Flux-weed because
ears helps the running of them, and the it cures the fux, and for its uniting broken
worms breeding in them: The same also bones, &c. Paracelsus extols it to the
mixed with hog's grease, and applied to cor-skies. It is fitting that syrup, ointment,
rupt and filthy ulcers, cleanses them and and plaisters of it were kept in your houses.
heals them,
FLOWER-DE-LUCE.
FLUX-WEED.
It is so well known, being nourished up
Descript.] It rises up with a round up-in most gardens, that I shall not need to
right hard stalk, four or five feet high, spend time in writing a description thereof.
spread into sundry branches, whereon grow Time.] The flaggy kinds thereof have
many greyish green leayes, very finely cut the most physical uses; the dwarf kinds
and severed into a number of short and thereof flower in April, the greater sorts in
almost round parts. The flowers are very May.
small and yellow, growing spike fashion, Government and virtues.] The herb is
after which come small long pods, with Lunar. The juice or decoction of the green
small yellowish seed in them. The root is įroot of the flaggy kind of Flower-de-luce,
long and woody, perishing every year. with a little honey dránk, doth purge and

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
"79
cleanse the stomach of gross and tough also the pains and noise in the ears, and
phlegm, and choler therein ; it helps the the stench of the nostrils. The root itself,
jaundice and the dropsy, evacuating those either green or in powder, helps to cleanse,
humours both upwards and downwards ; heal, and incarnate wounds, and to cover
and because it somewhat hurts the stomach, the naked bones with flesh again, that
is not to be taken without honey and spike- } ulcers have made bare ; and is also very
nard. The same being drank, doth ease { good to cleanse and heal up fistulas and
the pains and torments of the belly and cankers that are hard to be cured.
sides, the shaking of agues, the diseases of
FLUELLIN, OR LLUELLIN.
the liver and spleen, the worms of the beily,
the stone in the reins, convulsions and Descript.] It shoots forth many long
cramps that come of old humours; it also branches partly lying upon the ground,
helps those whose seed passes from them and partly standing upright, set with al-
unawares : It is a remedy against the most red leaves, yet a little pointed, and
bitings and stingings of venomous crea-scmetimes more long than round, without
tures, being boiled in water and vinegar order thereon, somewhat hairy, and of an
and drank. Boiled in water and drank, it evil greenish white colour; at the joints all
provokes urine, helps the cholic, brings along the stalks, and with the leaves come
down women's courses ; and made up into } forth small flowers, one at a place, upon
a pessary with honey, and put up into the a very small short foot-stalk, gaping some-
body, draws forth the dead child. It is what like Snap
what like Snap-dragons, or rather like Toad-
much commended against the cough, to flax, with the upper jaw of a yellow colour,
expectorate rough phlegm ; it much eases and the lower of a purplish, with a small heel
pains in the head, and procures sleep; for spur behind; after which come forth
being put into the nostrils it procures ismall round beads, containing small black
sneezing, and thereby purges the head of seed. The root is small and thready, dying
phlegm. The juice of the root applied to every year, and rises itself again of its
the piles or hæmorrhoids, gives much ease. own sowing.
The decoction of the roots gargled in the There is another sort of Lluellin which
mouth, eases the tooth-ache, and helps the has longer branches wholly trailing upon
stinking breath. Oil called Oleum Irinum, the ground, two or three feet long, and
if it be rightly made of the great broad somewhat more thin, set with leaves there-
flag Flower-de-luce and not of the great on, upon small foot stalks. The leaves are
bulbous blue Flower-de-luce, (as is used by a little larger, and somewhat round, and
some apothecaries) and roots of the same, of cornered sometimes in some places on the
the flaggy kinds, is very effectual to warm edges; but the lower part of them being
and comfort all cold joints and sinews, as the broadest, hath on each side a small
also the gout and sciatica, and mollifies, point, making it seem as if they were ears,
dissolves and consumes tumours and swell- sometimes bairy, but not hoary, and of a
ings any part of the body, as also of the better green colour than the former. The
matrix ; it helps the cramp, or convulsions flowers come forth like the former, but the
of the sinews. The head and temples colours therein are more white than yellow,
anointed therewith, helps the catarrh or and the 'purple not so far. It is a large
thin rheum distilled from thence; and used flower, and so are the seed and seed-ves-
upon the breast or stomach, helps to ex-sels. The root is like the other, and
tenuate the cold tough phlegm; it helps i perishes every year.
(7,8.)
in
Y

80
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
V
Place.] They grow in divers corn fields, and hanging downwards, having some
and in borders about them, and in other threads also in the middle, from whence
fertile grounds about Southfleet in Kent į rise round heads, pointed sharp at the ends,
abundantly; at Buchrite, Hamerton, and i wherein small brown seed lies. The roots
Richman worth in Huntingdonshire, and in are so many small fibres, and some greater
divers other places.
strings among them; the flowers have no
Time.] They are in flower about June scent, but the leaves have a bitter hot
and July, and the whole plant is dry and taste.
withered before August be done.
Place.] It grows on dry, sandy ground
Government and virtues.] It is a Lunar for the most part, and as well on the higher
herb. The leaves bruised and applied with as the lower places under hedge-sides in
barley meal to watering eyes that are hot almost every county of this land.
and inflamed by defluxions from the head, Time.] It seldom flowers before July,
do very much help them, as also the fluxes į and the seed is ripe in August.
of blood or humours, as the lask, bloody Government and virtues.] The plant is
flux, women's courses, and stays all man- under the dominion of Venus, being of a
ner of bleeding at the nose, mouth, or any gentle cleansing nature, and withal very
other place, or that comes by any bruise friendly to nature. The herb is familiarly
or hurt, or bursting a vein; it wonderfully and frequently used by the Italians to heal
lielps all those inward parts that need con- any fresh or green wound, the leaves being
solidating or strengthening, and is no less } but bruised and bound thereon; and the
effectual both to heal and close green juice thereof is also used in old sores, to
wounds, than to cleanse and heal all foul cleanse, dry, and heal them. The decoc-
or old ulcers, fretting or spreading cankers } tion hereof made up with some sugar or
or the like. This herb is of a fine cooling, honey, is available to cleanse and purge
drying quality, and an ointment or plaister the body both upwards and downwards,
of it might do a man a courtesy that hath sometimes of tough phlegm and clammy
any hot virulent sores : 'Tis admirable for humours, and to open obstructions of the
the ulcers of the French pox; if taken in- į liver and spleen. It has been found by
wardly, may cure the disease.
experience to be available for the king's
evil, the herb bruised and applied, or an
Pointment made with the juice thereof, and
so used ; and a decoction of two handfuls
Descript.] It has many long and broad thereof, with four ounces of Polipody in
leaves lying upon the ground dented upon šale, has been found by late experience to
the edges, a little soft or woolly, and of a cure divers of the falling sickness, that have
hoary green colour, among which rise up been troubled with it abovę twenty years.
sometimes sundry stalks, but one very I am confident that an ointment of it is
often, bearing such leaves thereon from the one of the best remedies for a scabby head
bottom to the middle, from whence to the that is.
top it is stored with large and long hollow
reddish purple flowers, a little more long
and eminent at the lower edge, with some Descript.] Our common Fumitory is a
white spots within them, one above another tender sappy herb, sends forth from one
with small green leaves at every one, but square, a slender weak stalk, and leaning
all of them turning their heads one way, downwards on all sides, many branches
1
FOX-GLOVE.
FUMITORY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
81
THE FURZE BUSH.
two or three feet long, with finely cut and tilled water of the herb is also of good
jagged leaves of a whitish or rather blueish effect in the former diseases, and conduces
sea green colour ; At the tops of the much against the plague and pestilence,
branches stand many small flowers, as itį being taken with good treacle. The dis-
were in a long spike one above another, tilled water also, with a little water and
made like little birds, of a reddish purple honey of roses, helps all sores of the mouth
colour, with whitish bellies, after which or throat, being gargled often therewith.
come small round husks, containing small The juice dropped into the eyes, clears the
black seeds. The root is yellow, small, and sight and takes away 'redness and other
not very long, full of juice while it is green, defects in them, although it procure some
but quickly perishes with the ripe seed. In pain for the present, and cause tears.
the corn fields in Cornwall, it bears white Dioscorides saith it hinders
any
fresh
flowers.
springing of hairs on the eye-lids (after they
Place.] It grows in corn fields almost are pulled away) if the eye-lids be anointed
every where, as well as in gardens. with the juice hereof, with Gum Arabic
Time.] It flowers in May, for the most i dissolved therein. The juice of the Fumi-
part, and the seed ripens shortly after. tory and Docks mingled with vinegar, and
Government and virtues.] Saturn owns the places gently washed therewith, cures
the herh, and presents it to the world as a all sorts of scabs, pimples, blotches, wheals,
cure for his own disease, and a strengthener į and pushes which arise on the face or
of the parts of the body he rules. If by hands, or any other parts of the body.
my astrological judgment of diseases, from
the decumbiture, you find Saturn author of
.
the disease, or if by direction from a
nativity you fear a saturnine disease ap- It is as well known by this name, as it is
proaching, you may by this herb prevent in some counties by the name of Gorz or
it in the one, and cure it in the other, and Whins, that I shall not need to write any
therefore it is fit you keep a syrup of itſ description thereof, my intent being to
always by you. The juice or syrup made teach my countrymen what they know not,
thereof, or the decoction made in whey by rather than to tell them again of that which
itself, with some other purging or opening is generally known before.
herbs' and roots to cause it to work the Place.] They are known to grow on dry
better (itself being but weak) is very effec-barren heaths, and o her waste, gravelly
tual for the liver and spleen, opening the or sandy grounds, in all counties of this
obstructions thereof, and clarifying the land.
blood from saltish, choleric, and adust Time] They also flower in the Sammer
humours, which cause leprosy, scabs, let-months.
ters, and itches, and such like breakings- Government and virtues.] Mars owns the
out of the skin, and after the purgings doth herb. They are hot and dry, and open
strengthen all the inward parts. It is also obstructions of the liver and spleen. A de-
good against the yellow-jaundice, and {coction made with the flowers thereof hath
spends it by urine, which it procures in been found effectual against the jaundice,
abundance. The powder of the dried herb as olso to provoke urine, and cleanse the
given for some time together, cures melan-kidneys from gravel or stone ingendered
choly, but the seed is strongest in opera- in them. Mars doth also this by sym-
tion for all the former diseases. The dis- pathy.

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
SARLICK.
soon lo
GENTIAN, FELWORT, OR BALDMONY.
ONDS
It is confessed that Gentian, which is
The offensiveness of the breath of him most used amongst us, is brought over from
that hath eaten Garlick, will lead you by beyond sea, yet we have two sorts of it
the nose to the knowledge hereof, and (in-growing frequently in our nation, which
stead of a description) direct you to the besides the reasons so frequently alledged
place where it grows in gardens, which ¿ why English herbs should be fittest for
kinds are the best, and most physical. English bodies, has been proved by the
Government and virtues.] Mars owns this experience of divers physicians, to be not
herb. This was anciently accounted the ia whit inferior in virtue to that which
poor man's treacle, it being a remedy for comes from beyond sea, therefore be pleased
all diseases and hurts (except those which to take the description of them as follows.
itself breed.) It provokes urine and women's Descript.] The greater of the two hath
courses, helps the biting of mad dogs, and many small long roots thrust down deep
other venomous creatures; kills worms in into the ground, and abiding all the Winter.
children, cuts and voids tough phlegm, The stalks are sometimes more, sometimes
purges the head, helps the lethargy, is a fewer, of a brownish green colour, which
good preservative against, and a remedy is sometimes two feet high, if the ground
for any plague, sore, or foul ulcers ; takes be fruitful, having many long, narrow, dark
away spots and blemishes in the skin, eases green leaves, set by couples up to the top
pains in the ears, ripens and breaks impos- the flowers are long and hollow, of a purple
thumes, or other swellings. And for all colour, ending in fine corners. The smaller
those diseases the onions are as effectual. sort which is to be found in our land,
But the Garlick hath some more peculiar grows up with sundry stalks, not a foot
virtues besides the former, viz. it hath high, parted into several small branches,
a' special quality to discuss inconveniences whereon grow divers small leaves together,
coming by corrupt agues or mineral vapours, very like those of the lesser Centaury, of a
or by drinking corrupt and stinking waters; whitish green colour ; on the tops of these
as also by taking wolf-bane, hen-bane, stalks grow divers perfect blue flowers,
hemlock, or other poisonous and danger- standing in long husks, but not so big as
ous herbs. It is also held good in hydro- the other; the root is very small, and full
pick diseases, the jaundice, falling sickness, of threads.
cramps, convulsions, the piles or hæmorr- Place. The first grows in divers places
hoids, or other cold diseases. Many authors of both the East and West counties, and as
quote many diseases this is good for; but weil in wei as in, dry grounds; as near
conceal its vices. Its heat is very vehemént, Long-field by Gravesend, near Cobham in
and all vehement hot things send up but Kent, near Lillinstone in Kent; also in a
ill-favoured vapours to the brain. In cho-chalk pit hard by a paper-mill not far from
leric men it will add fuel to the fire; in Dartford in Kent. The second, giows also
men oppressed by melancholy, it will in divers places in Kent, as about South-
attenuate the humour, and send up strong fleet and Longfield; upon Barton's hills in
fancies, and as many strange visions to Bedfordshire; also not far from St. Albans,
the head; therefore let it be taken inwardly upon a piece of waste chalky ground, as
with great moderation; outwardly you may you go out by Dunstable way towards
make more bold with it.
Gorhambury.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
83
GERMANDER.
و
Time.] They flower in August.
temperate, that no excess, neither in heat,
Government and virtues.] They are under { cold, dryness, nor moisture, can be per-
the dominion of Mars, and one of the ceived in them; they are great strengtheners
principal herbs he is ruler of. They resist í both of the brain and heart, and will there-
putrefactions, poison, and a more sure } fore serve either for ccrdials or cephalics,
remedy cannot be found to prevent the pes- į as your occasion will serve. There is both
tilence than it is; it strengthens the stoinach a syrup and a conserve made of them alone,
exceedingly, helps digestion, comforts the commonly to be had at every apothecary’s.
heart, and preserves it against faintings To take now and then a little of either,
and swoonings: The powder of the dry strengthens nature much, in such as are in
roots helps the biting of mad dogs and consumptions. They are also excellently
venomous beasts, open obstructions of the good in hot pestilent fevers, and expel
liver, and restores an appetite for their meat {poison, lo
to such as have lost it. The herb steeped
in wine, and the wine drank, refreshes such
as be over-weary with traveling, and grow Descript.] COMMON Germander shoots
lame in their joints, either by cold or evil } forth sundry stalks, with small and some-
lodgings; it helps stitches, and griping what round leaves, dented about the edges.
pains in the sides ; is an excellent remedy | The flowers stand at the tops, of a deep
for such as are bruised by falls; it provokes purple colour. The root is composed of
urine and the terms exceedingly, therefore { diyers sprigs, which shoots forth a great
let it not be given to women with child : { way round about, quickly overspreading
The same is very profitable for such as are a garden. io toque DESISHOITOTE
troubled with cramps and convulsions, to Place.] It grows usually with us in
drink the decoction: Also they say it breaks {gardens,
amator
the stone, and helps ruptures most cer- Time.] And flowers in June and July.
tainly: it is excellent in all cold diseases, Government and virtues.] It is a most
and such as are troubled with tough phlegm, prevalent herb of Mercury, and strengthens
scabs, itch, or any fretting sores and ulcers;} the brain and apprehension exceedingly
it is an admirable remedy to kill the worms, when weak, and relieves them when droon-
by taking half a dram of the powder in a {ing. This taken with honey (saith Diosco-
morning in any convenient liquor; the same rides) is a remedy for coughs, hardness of
is excellently good to be taken inwardly the spleen and difficulty of urine, and
for the king's evil. It helps agues of all helps those that are fallen into a dropsy,
sorts, and the yellow jaundice, as also the especially at the beginning of the disease,
bots in cattle ; when kine are bitten on the a decoction being made thereof when it is
udder by any venomous beast, do but green, and drank. It also brings down
stroke the place with the decoction of any women's courses, and expels the dead
of these, and it will instantly heal them. child. It is most effectual against the poi-
son of all, serpents, being drank in wine,
and the bruised herb outwardly applied ;
It is vain to describe an herb so well used with honey, it cleanses old and foul
known.
ulcers; and made into an oil, and the eyes
Government and virtues.] They are gallant, anointed therewith, takes away the dim-
fine, teinperate flowers, of the nature andness and moistness. It is likewise good for
under the dominion of Jupiter; yea, so the pains in the sides and cramps. The
(9, 10.)
CLOVE GILLIFLOWERS.
C
2

84
THE COMPLET'E HERBAL
STINKING GLADWIN.
decoction thereof taken for four days, places of this land, and is usually nursed
together, drives away and cures both ter-, up in gardens.
tain and quartan agues. It is also good Time.] It flowers not until July, and
against all diseases of the brain, as con- the seed is ripe in August or Septeinber,
tinual head-ache, falling-sickness, melan- yet the husks after they are ripe, opening
choly, drowsiness and dullness of the spirits, themselves, will hold their seed with them
convulsions and palsies. A dram of the for two or three months, and not shed them.
seed taken in powder purges by urine, and Government and virtues.] It is supposed
is good against the yellow jaundice. The to be under the dominion of Saturn. It is
juice of the leaves dropped into the ears used by many country people to purge
kills the worms in them. The tops thereof, corrupt phlegni and choler, which they do
when they are in flowers, steeped twenty- by drinking the decoction of the roots ,
four hours in a draught of white wine, and and some to make it more gentle, do but
drank, kills the worms in the belly. infuse the sliced roots in ale; and some
take the leaves, which serve well for the
weaker stomach: The juice hereof put up,
or snuffed up the nose, causes sneezing,
Descript.] This is one of the kinds of and draws from the head much corruption;
Flower-de-luce, having divers leaves arising and the powder thereof doth the same.
from the roots, very like a Flower-de-luce, The powder thereof drank in wine, helps
but that they are sharp-edged on both sides, those that are troubled with the cramps and
and thicker in the middle, of a deeper green convulsions, or with the gout and sciatica,
colour, narrower and sharper pointed, and į and gives ease to those that have griping
a strong ill-scent, if they be bruised be-pains in their body and belly, and helps
tween the fingers. In the middle rises up those that have the stranguary. It is given
a reasonably strong stalk, a yard high at with much profit to those that have had
least, bearing three or four flowers at the long fluxes by the sharp and evil quality of
top, made somewhat like the flowers of the humours, which it stays, having first cleansed
Flower-de-luce, with three upright leaves, and purged them by the drying and bind-
of a dead purplish ash-colour, with some ing property therein. The root boiled in
veins discoloured in them; the other three wine and drank, doth effectually procure
do not fall down, nor are the three other women's courses, and used as a pessary,
small ones so arched, nor cover the lower { works the same effect, but causes abortion
leaves as the Flower-de-luce doth, but stand in women with child. Half a dram of the
loose or asunder from them. After they seed beaten to powder, and taken in wine,
are past, there come up three square hard doth speedily cause one to make water
husks, opening wide into three parts whenį abundantly. The same taken with vine-
they are ripe, wherein lie reddish seed, gar, dissolves the hardness and swellings
turns black when it hath abiden long. The of the spleen. The root is very effectual
root is like that of the Flower-de-luce, but in all wounds, especially of the head; as
reddish on the outside, and whitish within, also to draw forth any splinters, thorns, or
very sharp and hot in the taste, of as evil broken bones, or any other thing sticking
a scent as the leaves.
in the flesh, without causing pains, being
Place.] This grows as well in upland used with a little verdigrease and honey,
grounds, as in moist places, woods, and and the great Centaury root. The same
shadowy places by the sea-side in many boiled in vinegar, and laid upon any tumour

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
85
or swelling, doth very effectually dissolve inferior to none, both for the inward and
and consume them ; yea, even the swell- outward hurts ; green wounds, old sores
ings of the throat called the king's evil; and ulcers, are quickly cured therewith.
the juice of the leaves or roots heals the It also is of especial use in all lotions for
itch, and all running or spreading scabs, sores or ulcers in the mouth, throat, or privy
sores, blemishes, or scars in the skin, where- parts of man or woman. The decoction
soever they be.
also helps to fasten the teeth that are loose
in the gums.
GOLDEN ROD.
HERB GERRARD.
GOUT-WORT, OR
Descript.] This rises up with brownish
small round stalks, two feet high, and Descript.] It is a low herb, seldom rising
sometimes more, having thereon many half a yard high, having sundry leaves
narrow and long dark green leaves, very standing on brownish green stalks by three,
seldom with any dents about the edges, or snipped about, and of a strong unpleasant
any stalks or white spots therein, yet they savour: The umbels of the flowers are
are sometimes so found divided at the tops white, and the seed blackish, the root runs
into many small branches, with divers in the ground, quickly taking a great deal
small yellow flowers on every one of them, of room.
all which are turned one way, and being Place.] It grows by hedge and wall-
ripe, do turn into down, and are carried į sides, and often in the border and corner of
away by the wind. The root consists of fields, and in gardens also.
many small fibres, which grows not deep Time.] It flowers and seeds about the
in the ground, but abides all the winter end of July.
therein, shooting forth new branches every Government and virtues.] Satum rules it.
year, the old one lying down to the ground. Neither is it to be supposed Gout-wort hath
Place.] It grows in the open places of its name for nothing but upon experiment
woods and copses, on both moist and dry to heal the gout and sciatica; as also joint-
grounds, in many places of this land. aches, and other cold griefs. The very
It flowers about the month of bearing of it about one eases the pains of
July.
the gout, and defends him that bears it
Government and virtues.] Venus claims from the disease.
the herb, and therefore to be sure it res-
pects beauty lost. Arnoldus de Villa Nova
commends it much against the stone in the Of this I shall briefly describe their
reins and kidneys, and to provoke urine in kinds, which are principally used in physic,
abundance, whereby also the gravel and the virtues whereof are alike, though some-
stone may be voided. The decoction of what different in their manner and form of
the herb, green or dry, or the distilled growing.
water thereof, is very effectual for inward Descript.] The greater Gromel grows up
bruises, as also to be outwardly applied, it with slender hard and hairy stalks, trailing
stays bleeding in any part of the body, and and taking root in the ground, as it lies
of wounds ; also the fluxes of humours, thereon, and parted into many other small
the bloody-flux, and women's courses; and branches with hairy dark green leaves there-
is no less prevalent in all ruptures or burst-on. At the joints, with the leaves, come
ings, being drank inwardly, and outwardly forth very small blue flowers, and after them
applied. It is a sovereign wound herb, hard stony roundish seed. The root is long
Time.]
GROMEL.

86
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
and woody, abiding the Winter, and shoots boiled, or the juice thereof drank, is effec-
forth fresh stalks in the spring. i į tual to all the purposes aforesaid, but not so
The smaller wild Gromel sends forth powerful or speedy in operation.
divers upright hard branched stalks, two or
three feet high, jull of joints, at every one of
GOOSEBERRY BUSH.
which grow small
, long, hard, and rough CALLED also Feapberry, and in Sussex
leaves like the former, but less ; among Dewberry-Bush, and in some Counties
which leaves come forth small white flowers, Wineberry.
and after them greyish round seed like the
Government and virtues.] They are under
former; the root is not very big, but with the dominion of Venus. The berries, while
many strings thereat.
The garden Gromel has divers upright, they are unripe, being scalded or baked,
slender, woody, hairy stalks, blown and are good to stir up a fainting or decayed
cressed, very little branched, with leaves appetite, especially such whose stomachs
are afflicted by choleric humours: They are
like the former
, and white flowers ; after excellently good to stay longings of women
which, in rough brown husks, is contained
with child. You may keep them pre-
a white, hard, round seed, shining like served with sugar all the year long. The
pearls, and greater than either the former: decoction of the leaves of the tree cools
the root is like the first described, with hot swellings and inflammations; as also
divers branches and sprigs thereat, which St. Anthony's fire. The ripe Gooseberries
continues (as the first doth) all the Winter.
Place.] The two first grow wild in barren allay the violent heat both of the stomach
or ,
in many places of this land. The last is break the stone, and expel gravel both from
and liver. ; The young and tender leaves
a nursling in the gardens of the curious.
Time.] "They all flower from Midsummer do to the body of man is, they are sup-
the kidneys and bladder. All the evil they
until September sometimes, and in the posed to breed crudities, and by crudities,
mean time the seed ripens.
worms.
Government and virtues.] The herb belongs
to Dame Venus; and therefore if Mars
.
cause the cholic or stone, as usually he
doth, if in Virgo, this is your cure.
Descript.] This sends forth seven, eight,
are accounted to be of as singular force as į or nine leaves from a small brown creeping
any herb or seed whatsoever, to break the root, every one standing upon a long foot
stone and to void it, and the gravel either stalk, which are almost as broad as long,
in the reins or bladder, as also to provoke round pointed, of a sad green colour, and
urine being stopped, and to help stranguary. hard in handling, and like the leaf of a
The seed is of greatest use, being bruised Pear-treo; from whence arises a slender
and boiled in white wine or in broth, or the weak stalk, yet standing upright, bearing
like, or the powder of the seed taken there- į at the top many small white sweet-smelling
Two drams of the seed in powder flowers, laid open like a star, consisting of
taken with women's breast milk, is very five round pointed leaves, with many yellow
effectual to procure a very speedy delivery threads standing in the middle about a green
to such women as have sore pains in their head, and a long stalk with them, which in
travail, and cannot be delivered: The herb time grows to be the seed-vessel, which
itself, (when the seed is not to be had) either being ripe is found five square, with a small
WINTER-GREEN.
These
in.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
87
point at it, wherein is contained seed as it may be seen many months in the year,
small as dust.
both green and in flower, and seed; for it
Place.] It grows seldom in fields, but will spring and seed twice in a year at
frequent in the woods northwards, viz. in least, if it be suffered in a garden.
Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Scotland. Place.] They grow almost every where,
Time.] It flowers about June and July. as well on tops of walls, as at the foot,
Government and virtues.) Winter-green amongst rubbish and untilled grounds, but
is under the dominion of Saturn, and is a especially in gardens.
singularly good wound herb, and an espe- Time.] It flowers, as was said before, al-
cial remedy for healing green wounds most every month throughout the year.
speedily, the green leaves being bruised and Government and virtues.] This herb is
applied, or the juice of them. A salve Venus's mistress-piece, and is as gallant
made of the green herb stamped, or the į and universal a medicine for all diseases
juice boiled with hog's lard, or with salad coming of heat, in what part of the body
oil and wax, and some turpentine added suever they be, as the sun shines upon; it is
to it, is a sovereign salve, and highly ex- very safe and friendly to the body of man:
tolled by the Germans, who use it to heal { yet causes vomiting if the stomach be af-
all manner of wounds and sores. The herb {flicted ; if not, purging: and it doth it with
boiled in wine and water, 'and given to more gentleness than can be expected; it is
drink to them that have any inward ulcers : moist, and something cold withal, thereby
in their kidneys, or neck of the bladder, causing expulsion, and repressing the heat
doth wonderfully help them. It stays all caused by the motion of the internal parts
fluxes, as the lask, bloody fluxes, women's in-purges and vomits. Lay by our learned
courses, and bleeding of wounds, and takes receipts ; take so much Sena, so much
away any inflammations rising upon pains Scammony, so much Colocynthis, so much
of the heart; it is no less helpful for foul { infusion of Crocus Metallorum, &c. this
ulcers hard to be cured; as also for cankers herb alone preserved in a syrup, in a dis-
or fistulas. The distilled water of the herb lilled water, or in an ointment, shall do
effcctually performs the same things. the deed for you in all hot diseases, and,
shall do it, 1, Safely ; 2, Speedily.
The decoction of this herb (saith Diosco-
Descript.] Our common Groundsel has rides) made with wine, and drank, helps
a round green and somewhat brownish the pains of the stomach, proceeding of
stalk, spreading toward the top into branches, choler, (which it may well do by a vomit)
set with long and somewhat nariow green as daily experience shews. The juice there-
leaves, cut in on the edges, somewhat like of taken in drink, or the decoction of it in
the oak-leaves, but less, and round at the sale, gently performs the same.
end. At the tops of the branches stand against the jaundice and falling sickness,
many small green heads, out of which grow being taken in wine; as also against dif-
several small
, yellow threads or thumbs, ficulty of making water. It provokes
which are the flowers, and continue many urine, expels gravel in the reins or kidneys;
days blown in that manner, before it pass a dram thereof given in oxymel, after some
away into down, and with the seed is walking or stirring of the body. It helps
carried away in the wind. The root is small also the sciatica, griping of the belly, the
and thready, and soon perishes, and as cholic, defects of the liver, and provokes
soon rises again of its own sowing, so that women's courses. The fresh herb boiled,
(9, 10.)
GROUNDSEL.
It is good
A A
.

88
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
and made into a poultice, applied to the and a gallant remedy for the inflammation
breasts of women that are swollen with pain of the lungs and breasts, pleurisy, scabs,
and heat, as also the privy parts of man or itch, &c. It is under the celestial sign
woman, the seat or fundament, or the ar- Cancer.
teries, joints, and sinews, when they are
inflamed and swollen, doth much ease them;
ARTICHOKES.
and used with some salt, helps to dissolve
The Latins call them Cinera, only our
knots or kernels in any part of the body.
The juice of the herb, or as (Dioscorides college calls them Artichocus.
saith) the leaves and flowers, with some fine
Government and virtues.] They are under
Frankincense in powder, used in wounds of the dominion of Venus, and therefore it is
the body, nerves or sinews, doth singularly
no marvel if they provoke lust, as indeed
help to heal them. The distilled water of they do, being somewhat windy meat ;
the herb performs well all the aforesaid and yet they stay the involuntary course of
natural seed in man, which is commonly
cures, but especially for inflammations or
watering of the eyes, by reason of the de called nocturnal pollutions. And here I
fluxion of rheum unto them.
care nut greatly if I quote a little of Galen's
nonsense in his treatise of the faculties of
HEART'S-EASE.
nourishment. He saith, they contain plenty
This is that herb which such physicians of choleric juice, (which notwithstanding
as are licensed to blaspheme by authority, is engendered melancholy juice, and of that
I can scarcely believe,) of which he saith
without danger of having their tongues melancholy juice thin choleric blood. But,
burned through with an hot iron, called an
herb of the Trinity. It is also called by tion of the root boiled in wine, or the root
to proceed ; this is certain, that the decoc-
those that are inore moderate, Three Faces
in a Hood, Live in Idleness, Cull me to bruised and distilled in wine in an alembic,
you; and in Sussex we call them Pancies, and being drank, purges by urine exceed-
Place.] Besides those which are brought ingly.
up in gardens, they grow coinmonly wild
HART'S-TONGUE.
in the fields, especially in such as are very
barren: sometimes you may find it on the Descript.] This has divers leaves arising
tops of the high hills.
from the root, every one severally, which
Time.] They flower all the Spring and fold themselves in their first springing and
Summer long
spreading: when they are full grown, are
Government and virtues.] The herb is about a foot long, smooth and green ahove,
really saturnine, something cold, viscous, but hard and with little sap in them, and
and slimy. A strong decoction of the herbs streaked on the back, athwart on both sides
and flowers (if you will, you may make it of the middle rib, with small and some-
intosyrup)is an excellentcure for the French what long and brownish marks ; the bot-
pox, the herb being a gallant antivenereal : toms of the leaves are a little bowed on
and that antivenereals are the best cure for each side of the middle rib, somewhat
that disease, far better and safer than to small at the end. The root is of many
torment them with the flux, divers foreign black threads, folded or interlaced together,
physicians have confessed. The spirit of Time.] It is green all the Winter ; but
it is excellently good for the convulsions in new leaves spring every year.
children, as also for the falling sickness, Government and virtues.] Jupiter clailzs

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
89
HAWK-WEED.
HAZEL-NUT.
dominion over this herb, therefore it is a {was the father of slander; Or are men's
singular remedy for the liver, both to {tongues so given to slander one another,
strengthen it when weak, and ease it when that they must slander Nuts too, to keep
afflicted, you shall do well to keep it in a their tongues in use? If any part of the
syrup all the year; For though authors say Hazel Nut be stopping, it is the husks and
it is green all the year, I scarcely believe it. shells, and no one is so mad as to eat them,
Hart's Tongue is much commended against unless physically; and the red skin which
the hardness and stoppings of the spleen covers the kernel, you may easily pull off
.
and liver, and against the heat of the liver And so thus have I made an apology for
and stomach, and against lasks, and the Nuts, which cannot speak for themselves.
bloody-flux. The distilled water thereof is
also very good against the passions of the
heart, and to stay the hiccough, to help THERE are several sorts of Hawk-weed,
the falling of the palate, and to stay the but they are similar in virtues.
bleeding of the gums, being gargled in the Descript.] It has many large leaves
mouth. Dioscorides saith, it is good against } lying upon the ground, much rent or torn
the stinging or biting of serpents. As for on the sides into gashes like Dandelion,
the use of it, my direction at the latter end but with greater parts, more like the
will be sufficient, and enough for those that smooth Sow Thistle, from among which
are studious in physic, to whet their brains rises a hollow, rough stalk, two or three
upon for one year or two.
feet high, branched from the middle up-
ward, whereon are set at every joint longer
leaves, little or nothing rent or cut, bearing
Hazel Nuts are so well known to every on them sundry pale, yellow flowers, con-
body, that they need no description. sisting of many small, narrow leaves, broad
Government and virtues.] They are under pointed, and nicked in at the ends, set
the dominion of Mercury. The parted in a double row or more, the outermost
kernels made into an electuary, or the milk being larger than the inner, which form
drawn from the kernels with mead or most of the Hawk-weeds (for there are
honeyed water, is very good to help an old many kinds of them) do hold, which turn
cough ; and being parched, and a little { into down, and with the small brown-
pepper put to them and drank, digests the ish seed is blown away with the wind. The
distillations of rheum from the head. The root is long and somewhat great, with
dried husks and shells, to the weight of two many small fibres thereat. The whole plant
drams, taken in red wine, stays lasks and is full of bitter-milk.
women's courses, and so doth the red skin Place.] It grows in divers places about
that covers the kernels, which is more ef- the field sides, and the path-ways in dry
fectual to stay women's courses.
And if this be true, as it is, then why Time.] It flowers and flies away in the
should the vulgar só familiarly affirm, that Summer months.
eating nuts canses shortness of breath, than Government and virtues.] Saturn owns
which nothing is falser? For, how can that it. Hawk-weed (saith Dioscorides) is cool-
which strengthens the lungs, cause shortness {ing, somewhat drying and binding, and
of breath?
I confess, the opinion is far therefore good for the heat of the stomach,
older than I am; I knew tradition was a and gnawings therein ; for inflammations,
friend to error before, but never that he and the hot fits of agues. The juice thereof
grounds.

TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL A
in wine, helps digestion, discusses wind, day, it rather shews the superstition of
hinders crudities abiding in the stomach, those that observe it for the time of its
and helps the difficulty of making water, flowering, than any great wonder, since
the biting of venomous serpents, and sting- { the like may be found in divers other places
ing of the scorpion, if the herb be also of this land ; as in Whey-street in Romney
outwardly applied to the place, and is very } Marsh, and near unto Nantwich in Che-
good against all other poisons. A scrupleshire, by a place called White Green, where
of the dried root given in wine and vine- it flowers about Christmas and May. If
gar, is profitable for those that have the the weather be frosty, it flowers not until
dropsy. The decoction of the herb taken January, or that the hard weather be over.
in honey, digests the phlegm in the chest Government and virtues.] It is a tree of
or lungs, and with Hyssop helps the cough. Mars. The seeds in the berries beaten to
The decoction thereof, and of wild Suc-powder being drank in wine, are held sin-
cory, made with wine, and taken, helps the gularly good against the stone, and are good
wind cholic and hardness of the spleen ; it for the dropsy. The distilled water of the
procures rest and sleep, hinders venery flowers stay the lask. The seed cleared
and venerous dreams, cooling heats, purges from the down, bruised and boiled in wine,
the stornach, increases blood, and helps }and drank, is good for inward tormenting
the diseases of the reins and bladder. Out- pains. If cloths or sponges be wet in the
wardly applied, it is singularly good for distilled water, and applied to any place
all the defects and diseases of the eyes, used wherein thorns and splinters, the like,
with some women's milk; and used with } do abide in the flesh, it will notably draw
good success in fretting or creeping ulcers, { them forth.
especially in the beginning. The green And thus you see the thorn gives a medi-
leaves bruised, and with a little salt ap- cine for its own pricking, and so doth
plied to any place burnt with fire, before almost every thing else.
blisters do rise, helps them; as also in-
flammations, St. Anthony's fire, and all
Bio HEMLOCK.
pushes and eruptions, hot and salt phlegm. the
The same applied with meal and fair water i Descript.] The common great Hemlock
in manner of a poultice, to any place af- grows up with a green stalk, four or five
fected with convulsions, the cramp, and feet high, or more, full of red spots some-
such as are out of joint, doth give help and times, and at the joints very large winged
ease. The distilled water cleanses the skin, } leaves set at them, which are divided into
and takes away freckles, spots, morphew, many other winged leaves, one set against
or wrinkles in the face.org
the other, dented about the edges, of a sad
green colour, branched towards the top,
where it is full of umbels of white flowers,
It is not my intention to trouble you and afterwards with whitish flat seed: The
with a description of this tree, which is so {root is long, white, and sometimes crooked,
well known that it needs none. It is ordi- and hollow within. The whole plant, and
narily but a hedge bush, although being every part, has a strong, heady, and ill-
pruned and dressed, it grows to a tree of savoured scent, much offending the senses.
a reasonable height.
Place.] It grows in all counties of this
As for the Hawthorn Tree at Glastonbury,}land, by walls and hedge-sides, in waste
which is said to flower yearly on Christmas- grounds and untilled places.
HAWTHORN.
ܐ

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
91
son
Time.] It flowers and seeds in July, or
HEMP.
thereabouts.
Government and virtues.] Saturn claims
This is so well known to every good
dominion over this herb, yet I wonder why housewife in the country, that I shall nou
it may not be applied to the privities in a need to write any description of it.
Priapism, or continual standing of the yard, Time.] It is sown in the very end of
it being very beneficial to that disease; I March, or beginning of April, and is ripe
suppose, my author's judgment was first in August or September.
upon the opposite disposition of Saturn to Government and virtues.] It is a plant of
Venus in those faculties, and therefore he Saturn, and good for something else, you
forbade the applying of it to those parts, see, than to make halters only. The seed
that it might not cause barrenness, or spoil of Hemp consumes wind, and by too much
the spirit procrealive; which if it do, yet use thereof disperses it so much that it
applied to the privities, it stops its lustful { dries up the natural seed for procreation ;
thoughts. Hemlock is exceedingly cold, yet, being boiled in milk and taken, helps
and very dangerous, especially to be taken such as have a hot dry cough. The Dutch
inwardly. It may safely be applied to in- make an emulsion out of the seed, and give
flammations, tumours, and swellings in any it with good success to those that have the
part of the body (save the privy parts) as jaundice, especially in the beginning of the
also to St. Anthony's fire, wheals, pushes, disease, if there be no ague accompanying
and creeping ulcers that arise of hot sharp { it, for it opens obstructions of the gall, and
humours, by cooling and repelling the heat; } causes digestion of chuler. The emulsion
the leaves bruised and laid to the brow or or decoction of the seed stays lasks and
forehead are good for their eyes that are red continual fluxes, eases the cholic, and allays
and swollen ; as also to take away a pin { the troublesome humours in the bowels,
and web growing in the eye; this is a tried and stays bleeding at the mouth, nose, or
medicine: Take a small handful of this other places, some of the leaves being fried
herb, and half so much bay salt, beaten with the blood of them that bleed, and so
together, and applied to the contrary wrist given them to eat. It is held very good to
of the hand, for 24 hours, doth remove it kill the worms in men or beasts ; and the
in thrice dressing. If the root thereof be juice dropped into the ears kills worms in
roasted under the embers, wrapped in dou- \ thein; and draws forth earwigs, or other
ble wet paper, until it be soft and tender, { living creatures gotten into them. The de-
and then applied to the gout in the hands coction of the root allays inflammations of
or fingers, it will quickly help this evil. the head, or any other parts : the herb it-
If any through mistake eat the herb Hem- self, or the distilled water thereof doth the
·lock instead of Parsley, or the roots in- } like. The decoction of the root cases the
stead of a Parsnip (both of which it is very pains of the gout, the hard humours of
like) whereby happens a kind of frenzy, or knots in the joints, the pains and shrinking
perturbation of the senses, as if they were of the sinews, and the pains of the hips.
stupid and drunk, the remedy is (as Pliny The fresh juice mixed with a little oil and
saith) to drink of the best and strongest butter, is good for any place that hath been
pure wine, before it strikes to the heart, or burnt with fire, being thereto applied
Gentian put in wine, or a draught of vine-
gar, wherewith Tragus doth affirm, that he
cured a woman that had eaten the root. Descript.] Our common Henbane has
(9, 10.)
HENBANE.
B B

92
TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL
very large, thick, soft, woolly leaves, lying found without it growing by it. Ergo, it
on the ground, much cut in, or torn on the is an herb of Saturn. The leaves of Hen-
edges, of a dark, ill greyish green colour ; bane do cool all hot inflammations in the
among which arise up divers thick and eyes, or any other part of the body; and
short stalks, two or three feet high, spread are good to assuage all manner of swellings
into divers small branches, with lesser leaves of the privities, or women's breast, or else-
on them, and many hollow flowers, scarce where, if they be boiled in wine, and either
appearing above the husk, and usually torn applied themselves, or the fomentation
on one side, ending in five round points, warm; it also assuages the pain of the gout,
growing one above another, of a deadish { the sciatica, and other pains in the joints
yellowish colour, somewhat paler towards which arise from a hot cause. And applied
the edges, with many purplish veins with vinegar to the forehead and temples,
therein, and of a dark, yellowish purple { helps the head-ache and want of sleep in
in the bottom of the flower, with a small hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed,
point of the same colour in the middle, or the oil drawn from the seed, does the
each of them standing in a hard close husk, like. The oil of the seed is helpful for
which after the flowers are past, grow very deafness, noise, and worms in the ears,
like the husk of Asarabacca, and some- being dropped therein; the juice of the
what sharp at the top points, wherein is herb or root doth the same. The decoction
contained much small seed, very like Poppy {of the herb or seed, or both, kills lice in
seed, but of a dusky, greyish colour. - The{man or beast. The fume of the dried herb,
root is great, white, and thick, branching stalks and seed, burned, quickly heals
forth divers ways under ground, so like a swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands
Parsnip root (but that it is not so white) {or feet, by holding them in the fume there-
that it has deceived others. The whole plant of. The remedy to help those that have
more than the root, has a very heavy, ill, taken Henbane is to drink goat's milli
,
soporiferous smell, somewhat offensive.honeyed water, or pine kernels, with sweet
Place.] It commonly grows by the way; } wine; or, in the absence of these, Fennel
sides, and under hedge-sides and walls. seed, Nettle seed, the seed of Cresses,
Time.] It flowers in July, and springs Mustard, or Radish; as also Onions or
again yearly of its own seed. I doubt my: Garlic taken in wine, do all help to free
authors mistook July for June, if not for them from danger, and restore them to their
May.
due temper again.
Government and virtues.] I wonder how Take notice, that this herb must never
astrologers could take on them to make this be taken inwardly; outwardly, an oil oint-
an herb of Jupiter ; and yet Mizaldus, a ment, or plaister of it, is most admirable
man of a penetrating brain, was of that for the gout, to cool the veneral heat of the
opinion as well as the rest ; the herb is in- reins in the French pox; to stop the tooth-
deed under the dominion of Saturn, andšache, being applied to the aching side: tu
I prove it by this argument: All the herbs allay all inflammations, and to help the
which delight most to grow in saturnine diseases before premised.
places, are saturnine herbs. Both Hen-
bane delights most to grow in saturnine
places, and whole cart loads of it may be DIVERRS. sorts there are of this plant;
found near the places where they empty the the first of which is an Italian by birth, and
common Jakes, and scarce a ditch to be only nursed up here in the gardens of the
HEDGE HYSSIP:

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
93
curious. Two or three sorts are found com- Bear's-loot, Christmas-herb, and Christmas-
inonly growing wild here, the description Powers.
of two of which I shall give you.
Descript.] It hath sundry fair green
Descript.] The first is a smooth, low leaves rising from the root, each of them
plant; not a foot high, very bitter in taste, standing about an handful high from the
with many square stalks, diversly branched earth; each leaf is divided into seven, eight;
from the bottom to the top, with divers or nine parts, dented from the middle of
joints, and two small leaves at each joint, the leaf to the point on both sides, abiding
broader at the bottom than they are at the green all the Winter; abont Christmas-
end, a little dented about the edges, of a time, if the weather be any thing temperate,
sad green colour, and full of veins. The the flowers appear upon foot stalks, also
flowers stand at the joints, being of a fair consisting of five large, round, white leaves
purple colour, with some white spots in ţa-piece, which sometimes are purple towards
them, in fashion like those of dead nettles. the edges, with many pale yellow thumbs
The seed is small and yellow, and the roots in the middle; the seeds are divided into
spread much under ground.
several cells, like those of Columbines,
The second seldom grows half a footi save only that they are greater ; the seeds
high, sending up many small branches, are in colour black, and in form long and
whereon grow many small leaves, set one round. The root consists of numberless
against the other, somewhat broad, buti blackish strings all united into one head.
very short. The flowers are like the flowers } There is another Black Hellebore, which
of the other fashion, but of a pale reddish grows up and down in the woods very like
colour. The seeds are small and yellowish. this, but only that the leaves are smaller
The root spreads like the other, neither will and narrower, and perish in the Winter,
it yield to its fellow one ace of bitterness. which this doth not.
Place.] They grow in wet low grounds, Place. The first is maintained in gara
and by the water-sides; the last may be dens. The second is commonly found in
found among the boys on Hampstead Heath the woods in Northamptonshire.
Time.] They flower in June or July, Time.] The first flowers in December
and the seed is ripe presently after. or January ; the second in February or
Government and virtues.] They are herbs March.
of Mars, and as choleric and churlish as Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
he is, being most violent purges, especially } Saturn, and therefore no marvel if it has
of choler and phlegm. It is not safe taking some sullen conditions with it, and would
them inwardly, unless they be well rectified be far safer, being purified by the art of the
by the art of the alchymist, and only the alchymist than given raw. If any have
purity of them given; so used they may be taken any harm by taking it, the common
very helpful both for the dropsy, gout, cure is to take goat's milk : If you cannot
and sciatica ; outwardly used in ointments get goat's milk, you must make a shift with
they kill worms, the belly anointed with it, such as you can get. The roots are very
and are excellently good to cleanse old and effectual against all melancholy diseases,
filthy ulcers.
especially such as are of long standing, as
quartan agues and madness; it helps the
falling sickness, the leprosy, both the yel-
low and black jaundice, the gout, sciatica,
It is also called Setter-wort, Setter-grass, and convulsions; and this was found out
BLACK HELLEBORE.

94
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
HERB ROBERT.
by experience, that the root of that which stay blood, where or howsoever flowing ; it
grows wild in our country, works not so speedily heals all green wounds, and is
churlishly as those do which are brought {effectual in old ulcers in the privy parts, or
from beyond sea, as being maintained by elsewhere. You may persuade yourself
a more teloperate air. The root used as this is true, and also conceive a good reason
a pessary, provokes the terms exceedingly ;{ for it, do but consider it is an herb of
also being beaten into powder, and strewed: Venus, for all it hath a man's name.
upon foul ulcers, it consumes the dead,
flesh, and instantly heals them; nay, it
HERB TRUE-LOVE, OR ONE-BERRY.
will help gangrenes in the beginning. Descript.] ORDINARY Herb True-love
Twenty grains taken inwardly is a sufficient has a small creeping root running under the
dose for one time, and let that be corrected { uppermost crust of the ground, somewhat
with half so much cinnamon; country peo- like couch grass root, but not so white,
ple used to rowel their cattle with it. If a shooting forth stalks with leaves, some
beast be troubled with a cough, or have whereof carry no berries, the others do;
taken any poison, they bore a hole through every stalk smooth without joints, and
the ear, and put a piece of the root in it, blackish green, rising about half a foot high,
this will help him in 24 hours time. Many if it bear berries, otherwise seldom so high,
other uses farriers put it to which I shall bearing at the top four leaves set directly
forbear.
one against another, in manner of a cross
or ribband tied (as it is called in a true-
loves knot,) which are each of them apart
THE Herb Robert is held in great esti- j somewhat like unto a night-shade leaf, but
mation by farmers, who use it in diseases somewhat broader, having sometimes three
of their cattle.
leaves, sometimes five, sometimes six, and
Descript.] It rises up with a reddish those sometimes greater than in others, in
stalk two feet high, having divers leaves the middle of the four leaves rise up one
thereon, upon very long and reddish foot-¡ small slender stalk, about an inch high,
stalks, divided at the ends into three or bearing at the tops thereof one flower spread
five divisions, each of them cut in on the open like a star, consisting of four small
edges, which sometimes turn reddish. At and long narrow pointed leaves of a yellow-
the tops of the stalks come forth divers ish green colour, and four others lying
flowers made of five leaves, much larger between them lesser than they ; in the mid-
than the Dove's-foot, and of a more reddish} dle whereof stands a round dark purplish
colour; after which come black heads, as in button or head, compassed about with
others. The root is small and thready, eight small yellow mealy threads with three
and smells, as the whole plant, very strong, colours, making it the more conspicuous,
almost stinking.
and lovely to behold. This button or head
Place.] This grows frequently every in the middle, when the other leaves are
where by the way-sides, upon ditch banks withered, becomes a blackish purple berry,
and waste grounds wheresoever one goes. full of juice, of the bigness of a reasonable
It flowers in June and July į grape, having within it many white seeds.
chiefly, and the seed is ripe shortly after. The whole plant is without any manifest
Government and virtues.] It is under the taste.
doininion of Venus. Herb Robert is com- Place.] It grows in woods and copses,
mended not only against the stone, but to land sometimes in the corners or borders of
Time.]

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
95
fields, and waste grounds in very many Hyssop boiled with rue and honey, and
places of this land, and abundantly in the drank, helps those that are troubled with
woods, copses, and other places about coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing and
Chislehurst and Maidstone in Kent. rheumatic distillation upon the lungs; taken
Time.] They spring up in the middle of} also witli oxymel, it purges gross humours
April or May, and are in flower soon after. by stool; and with honey, kills worins in
The berries are ripe in the end of May, the belly; and with fresh and new figs
and in some places in June.
bruised, helps to loosen the belly, and more
Government and virtues.] Venus owns it; (forcibly if the root of Flower-de-luce and
the leaves or berries hereof are effectual to ciesses be added thereto. It amends and
expel poison of all sorts, especially that of cherishes the native colour of the body,
the aconites; as also, the plague, and other spoiled by the yellow jaundice; and being
pestilential disorders; Matthiolus saith, that taken with figs and nitre, helps the dropsy
some that have lain long in a lingering sick-and spleen; being boiled with wine, it is
ness, and others that by witchcraft (as it good to wash inflammations, and takes
was thought) were become half foolish, by away the black and blue spots and marks
taking a dram of the seeds or berries hereof that come by strokes, bruises, or falls, being
in powder every day for 20 days together, applied with warm water. It is an excellent
were restored to their former health. The medicine for the quinsy, or swellings in
roots in powder taken in wine cases the the throat, to wash and gargle it, being
pains of the cholic speedily. The leaves boiled in figs; it helps the tooth-ache, being
are very effectual as well for green wounds, boiled in vinegar and gargled therewith.
as to cleanse and heal up filthy old sores The hot vapours of the decoction taken by
and ulcers; and is very powerful to discuss a funnel in at the ears, eases the inflamma-
all tumours and swellings in the privy {tions and singing noise of them. Being
parts, the groin, or in any part of the body, bruised, and salt, honey, and cummin seed
and speedily to allay all inflammations. put to it, helps those that are stung by
The juice of the leaves applied to felons, or serpents. The oil thereof (the head being
those nails of the hands or toes that have ſanointed) kills lice, and takes away itching
imposthumes or sores gathered together at į of the head. It helps those that have the
the roots of them, heals them in a short } falling sickness, which way soever it be
space. The herb is not to be described for applied. It helps to expectorate tough
the premises, but is fit to be nourished in į phlegm, and is effectual in all cold griefs
every good woman's garden.
or diseases of the chests or lungs, being
taken either in syrup or licking medicine.
The green herb bruised and a little sugar
Hyssop is so well known to be an inha- put thereto, doth quickly heal any cut or
bitant in every garden, that it will save me green wounds, being thereunto applied,
labour in writing a description thereof. The
virtues are as follow,
Government and virtues.] The herb is
Jupiter's, and the sign Cancer. It strengthens THESE are so well known thaî they need
all the parts of the body under Cancer and no description ; I mean the manured kind,
Jupiter; which what they may be, is found which every good husband or housewife is
amply described in my astrological judg- acquainted with.
ment of diseases. Dioscorides saith, that Descript.] The wild hop grows up as the
(9, 10.)
HYSSOP.
HOPS.
СС

96
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
HOREHOUND.
.
other doth, ramping upon trees or hedges,
that stand next to them, with rough branches
and leaves like the former, but it gives THERE are two kinds of Horehound,
smaller heads, and in far less plenty than the white and the black The black sort
it, so that there is scarcely a head or two is likewise called Hen-bit; but the white
seen in a year on divers of this wild kind, one is here spoken of.
wherein consists the chief difference.
Descript.] Common Horehound grows
Place.] They delight to grow in lows up with square hairy stalks, half a yard or
moist grounds, and are found in all parts two feet high, set at the joints with two
of this land.
{round crumpled rough leaves of a sullen
Time.] They spring not until April, and į hoary green colour, of a reasonable good
flower not until the latter end of June; the scent, but a very bitter taste. The flowers
heads are not gathered until the middle or are small, white, and gaping, set in a rough,
latter end of September.
hard prickly husk round about the joints,
Government and virtues.] It is under the with the leaves from the niiddle of the
dominion of Mars. This, in physical stalk upward, wherein afterward is found
operations, is to open obstructions of the small round blackish seed. The root is
liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood, to blackish, hard and woody, with many
loosen the belly, to cleanse the reins from strings, and abides many years.
gravel, and provoke urine. The decoc- Place.] It is found in many parts of
tion of the tops of Hops, as well of the this land, in dry grounds, and waste green
tame as the wild, works the same effects. į places.
In cleansing the blood they help to cure Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed
the French diseases, and all manner of}is ripe in August.
scabs, itch, and other breakings-out of the Government and virtues.] It is an herb
body; as also all tetters, ringworms, and of Mercury. A decoction of the dried
spreading sores, the morphew and all dis- } herb, with the seed, or the juice of the
colouring of the skin. The decoction of} green herb taken with honey, is a remedy
the flowers and hops, do help to expel ; for those that are short-winded, have a
poison that any one hath drank. Half a cough, or are fallen into a consumption,
dram of the seed in powder taken in drink, either through long sickness, or thin dis-
kills worms in the body, brings down tillations of rheum upon the lungs. It helps
women's courses, and expels urine. A syrup to expectorate tough phlegm from the chest,
made of the juice and sugar, cures the yel- } being taken from the roots of Iris or Orris.
low jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes. It is given to women to bring down their
of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver courses, to expel the after-birth, and to
and stomach, and is profitably given in them that have taken poison, or are stung
long and hot agues that rise in choler and or bitten by venemous serpents. The leaves
blood. Both the wild and the manured used with honey, purge foul ulcers, stay
are of one property, and alike effectual in {running or creeping sores, and the growing
all the aforesaid diseases. By all these of the flesh over the nails. It also helps
testimonies beer appears to be better than pains of the sides. The juice thereof with
ale.
wine and honey, helps to clear the eye-
Mars owns the plant, and then Dr. Rea- sight, and snuffed up into the noștrils,
son will tell you how it performs these purges away the yellow-jaundice, and with
actions
a little oil of roses dropped into the ears,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
97
eases the pains of them. Galen saith, it Time.] They spring up in April
, and
opens obstructions both of the liver and į their blooming catkins in July, seeding for
spleen, and purges ihe breast and lungs of{the most part in August, and then perish
phlegm : and used outwardly it both { down to the ground, rising afresh in the
cleanses and digests. A decoction of Hore-Spring.
hound (saith Matthiolus) is available for Government and virtues.] The herb be-
those that have hard livers, and for such as longs to Saturn, yet is very harmless, and
have itches and running tetters. The pow- excellently good for the things following:
der hereof taken, or the decoction, kills { Horsetail, the smoother rather than the
worms. The
The green leaves bruised, and rough, and the leaves rather than the bare,
boiled in old hog's grease into an oint- is most physical. It is very powerful to
nient, heals the biting of dogs, abates the staunch bleeding either inward or outward,
swellings and pains that coine by any {the juice or the decoction thereof being
pricking of thorns, or such like nieans; and { drank, or the juice, decoction, or distilled
used with vinegar, cleanses and heals tetters. water applied outwardly. It also stays all
There is a syrup made of Horehound to be sorts of lasks and fluxes in man or woman,
had at the apothecaries, very good for old and bloody urine ; and heals also not only
coughs, to rid the tough phlegm; as also the inward ulcers, and the excoriation of
to void cold rheums from the lungs of old, the entrails, bladder, &c. but all other sorts
folks, and for those that are asthmatic or of foul, moist and running ulcers, and soon
short-winded.
solders together the tops of green wounds.
It cures all ruptures in children. The de-
coction thereof in wine being drank, pro-
Or that there are many kinds, but I shall vokes urine, and helps the stone and stran-
not trouble you nor myself with any large guary; and the distilled water thereof drank
description of them, which to do, were two or three times in a day, and a small
but, as the proverb is, To find a knot in a quantity at a time, also eases the bowels,
rush, ail the kinds thereof being nothing }and is effectual against a cough that comes
else but knotted rushes, some with leaves, by distillations from the head. The juice
and some without. Take the description of or distilled water being warmed, and hot
the most eminent sort as follows.
inflammations, pustules or red wheals, and
Descript] The great Horsetail at the ( other breakings-out in the skin, being
first springing has heads somewhat like bathed therewith, doth help them, and doth
thoseof asparagus, and afterwards grow to be no less the swelling heat and inflammation
hard, rough, hollow stalks, jointed at sundry of the lower parts in men and women.
places up to the top, a foot high, so made
as if the lower parts were put into the
upper, where grow on each side a bush of Both these are so well known to my
small long rush-like hard leaves, each part countrymen, that I shall not need to write
resembling a horsetail, from whence it is so any description of them.
called. At the tops of the stalks çoine Place.] It grows commonly upon walls
forth small catkins, like those of trees. The and house-sides, and flowers in July.
root creeps under ground, having joints at Government and virtues.] It is an herb
sundry places.
of Jupiter, and it is reported by Mezaldus,
Place.] This (as most of the other sorts, to preserve what it grows upon from fire
hereof) grows in wet grounds.
and lightning. Our ordinary Houseleek is
HORSETAIL.
HOUSELEEK OR SENGREEN.

98
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
women.
good for all inward heats as well as out- which consist of small purplish red leaves
ward, and in the eyes or other parts of the of a dead colour, rising out of the husks
body; a posset made with the juice of wherein they stand with some threads in
Houseleek, is singularly good in all hot the middle. It has sometimes a white
agues, for it cools and tempers the blood flower. After the flowers are past, there
and spirits, and quenches the thirst; and comes rough flat seed, with a small pointle
also good to stay all hot defluctions or sharp in the middle, easily cleaving to any gar-
and salt rheums in the eyes, the juice being ment that it touches, and not so easily
dropped into them, or into the ears. pulled off again. The root is black, thick,
It helps also other fluxes of humours in the land long, hard to break, and full of clammy
bowels, and the iminoderate courses of juice, smelling somewhat strong, of an evil
It cools and restrains all other hot scent, as the leaves also do.
inflammations, St. Anthony's fire, scald- Place.] It grows in moist places of this
ings and burnings, the shingies, fretting land, in waste grounds, and untilled places,
ulcers, cankers, tettors, ringworms, and the by highway sides, lanes, and hedge-sides.
like; and much eases the pains of the gout Time.] It flowers about May or Junė,
proceeding from any hot cause. The juice and the seed is ripe shortly after.
also takes away worts and corns in the Government and virtues.] It is a plant
hands or feet, being often bathed therewith, į under the dominion of Mercury. The root
and the skin and leaves being laid on them is very effectually used in pills, as well as
afterwards. It eases also the head-ache; } the decoction, or otherwise, to stay all sharp
and distempered heat of the brain in and thin defluxions of rheum from the head
frenzies, or through want of sleep, being into the eyes or nose, or upon the stomach
applied to the temples and forehead. The or lungs, as also for coughs and shortness
leaves bruised and laid upon the crown or of breath. The leaves boiled in wine (saith
seam of the head, stays bleeding at the nose Dioscorides, but others do rather appoint it
very quickly. The distilled water of the į to be made with water, and add thereto
herb is profitable for all the purposes afore-} cil and salt) molifies or opens the belly
said. The leaves being gently rubbed on | downwards. It also helps to cure the biting
any place stung with nettles or bees, doth of a mad dog, some of the leaves being also
quickly take away the pain.
applied to the wound : The leaves bruised,
or the juice of them boiled in hog's lard,
HOUND'S TONGUE.
and applied, helps falling away of the hair,
Descript.] The great ordinary Hound's } which comes of hot and sharp humours ;
Tongue has many long and somewhatļas also for any place that is scalded or
narrow, soft, hairy, darkish green leaves, burnt; the leaves bruised and laid to any
lying on the ground, somewhat like unto green wound doth heal it up quickly: the
Bugloss leaves, from among which rises root baked under the embers, wrapped in
up a rough hairy stalk about two feet high, paste or wet paper, or in a wet double cloth,
with some smaller leaves thereon, and and thereof a suppository made, and put
branched at the tops into divers parts, with) up into or applied to the fundament, doth
a small leaf at the foot of every branch, very effectually help the painful piles or
which is somewhat long, with many flowers } hæmorrhoids. The distilled water of the
set along the same, which branch is crooked herbs and roots is very good to all the pur-
or turned inwards before it flowers, and { poses aforesaid, to be used as well inwardly
opens by degrees as the flowers blow,; to drink, as outwardly to wash any sore

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
99
HOLLY, HOLM, OR HULYER BUSH.
place, for it heals all manner of wounds and fa-piece, with many yellow threads in the
punctures, and those foul ulcers that arise middle, which being bruised do yield a red-
by the French pox. Mizaldus adds that dish juice like blood; after which come
the leaves laid under the feet, will keep the small round heads, wherein is contained
dogs from barking at you. It is called small blackish seed smelling like rosin.
Hound's-tongue, because it ties the tongues The root is hard and woody, with divers
of hounds; whether true, or not, I never strings and fibres at it, of a brownish colour,
tried, yet I cured the biting of a mad dog which abides in the ground many years,
with this only medicine. 02 in shooting anew every Spring.
for
Place.] This grows in woods and copses,
as well those that are shady, as open to the
For to describe a tree so well known is sun.
elen
needless.
Time.] They flower about Midsummer
Government and virtues.] The tree is and July, and their seed is ripe in the latter
Saturnine. The berries expel wind, and end of July or August.
therefore are held to be profitable in the Government and virtues.] It is under the
cholic. The berries have a strong faculty celestial sign Leo, and the dominion of the
with them ; for if you eat a dozen of them Sun. It may be, if you meet a Papist, he
in the morning fasting when they are ripe will tell you, especially if he be a lawyer,
and not dried, they purge the body of gross that St. John made it over to him by a
and clammy phlegm: but if you dry the letter of attorney. It is a singular wound
berries, and beat them into powder, they } herb; boiled in wine and drank, it heals
bind the body, and stop Auxes, bloody- inward hurts or bruises ; made into an oint-
fluxes, and the terms in women. The bark {ment, it open obstructions, dissolves swell-
of the tree, and also the leaves, are excel- }ings, and closes up the lips of wounds. The
lently good, being used in fomentations for decoction of the herb and flowers, especi-
broken bones, and such members as are out ally of the seed, being drank in wine, with
of joint. Pliny saith, the branches of the the juice of knot-grass, helps all manner of
tree defend houses from lightning, and men vomiting and spitting of blood, is good for
from witchcraft.
those that are bitten or stung by any veno-
mous creature, and for those that cannot
ST. JOHN'S WORT.
make water. Two drams of the seed of
Puis is a very beautiful shrub, and is St. John's Wort made into powder, and
a great ornament to our meadows.
drank in a little broth, doth gently expel
Descript.] Common St. John's Wort choler or congealed blood in the stomach.
shoots forth brownish, upright, hard, round The decoction of the leaves and seeds
stalks, two feet high, spreading many drank somewhat warm before the fits of
branches from the sides up to the tops of{agues, whether they be tertains or quartans,
them, with two small leaves set one against alters the fits, and, by often using, doth
another at every place, which are of a deep take them quite away. The seed is much
green colour, somewhat like the leaves of} commended, being drank for forty days
the lesser Centaury, but narrow, and full of together, to help the sciatica, the falling-
small holes in every leaf, which cannot be sickness, and the palsy.
TO
so well perceived, as when they are held upozove
to the light; at the tops of the stalks and
branches stand yellow Howers of five leaves It is so well known to every child
(9, 10.)
bne IVY.
T) ))

100
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
JUNIPER BUSH.
almost, to grow in woods upon the trees, and nose, and curing the ulcers and stench
and upon the stone walls of churches, therein; the same dropped into the ears,
houses, &c. and sometimes to grow alone of} helps the old and running sores of them ;
itself, though but seldom.
those that are troubled with the spleen,
Time.] It flowers not until July, and shall find much ease by continual drinking
the berries are not ripe till Christmas, when out of a cup made of Ivy, so as the drink
they have felt Winter frosts.
may stand some small time therein before
Government and virtues.] It is under the it be drank. Cato saith, That wine put
dominion of Saturn. A pugil of the flowers, { into such a cup, will soak through it, by
which may be about a dram, (saith Diosco- į reason of the antipathy that is between
corides) drank twice a day in red wine, them.
helps the lask, and bloody flux. It is an There seems to be a very great antipathy
enemy to the nerves and sinews, being between wine and Ivy; for if one haih got
much taken inwardly, but very helpful a surfeit by drinking of wine, his speediest
to them, being outwardly applied. Pliny cure is to drink a draught of the same wine
saith, the yellow berries are good against { wherein a handful of Ivy leaves, being first
the jaundice; and taken before one be set bruised, have been boiled.
to drink hard, preserves from drunkenness,
and helps those that spit blood; and that
the white berries being taken inwardly, or For to give a description of a bush so
applied outwardly, kills the worms in the commonly known is needless.
belly. The berries are a singular remedy Place.] They grow plentifully in divers
to prevent the plague, as also to free them woods in Kent, Warney common near
from it that have got it, by drinking the Brentwood in Essex, upon Finchley Com-
berries thereof made into a powder, for two mon without Highgate; hard by the New-
or three days together. They being taken found Wells near Dulwich, upon a Common
in wine, do certainly help to break the between Mitcham and Croydon, in the
stone, provoke urine, and women's courses. Highgate near Amersham in Buckingham-
The freshi leaves of Ivy, boiled in vinegar, shire, and many other places.
and applied warm to the sides of those that Time.] The berries are not ripe the first
are troubled with the spleen, ache, or stitch year, but continue green two Summers and
in the sides, do give much ease: The same one Winter before they are ripe ; at which
applied with some Rosewater, and oil of time they are all of a black colour, and
Roses, to the temples and forehead, eases therefore you shall always find upon the
the head-ache, though it be of long con- bush green berries ; the berries are ripe
tinuance. The fresh leaves boiled in wine, about the fall of the leaf.
and old filthy, ulcers hard to be cured Government and virtues.] This admirable
washed therewith, do wonderfully help to solar shrub is scarce to be paralleled for its
cleanse them. It also quickly heals green virtues. The berries are hot in the third
wounds, and is effectual to heal all burnings degree, and dry but in the first, being a
and scaldings, and all kinds of exulcera- most admirable counter-poison, and as great
tions coming thereby, or by salt phlegm or a resister of the pestilence, as any growing ;
humours in other parts of the body. The they are excellent good against the bitings
juice of the berries or leaves snuffed up into of venomous beasts, they provoke urine
the nose, purges the head and brain of thin exceedingly, and therefore are very avail-
rheum that makes defluxions into the eyes able to dysuries and stranguaries. It is so

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
101
powerful a remedy against the dropsy, that on, usually not round as those below, but
the very lye made of the ashes of the herb somewhat long, and divided at the edges :
being drank, cures the disease. It provokes the tops are somewhat divided into long
the terms, helps the fits of the mother, branches, bearing a number of flowers, set
strengthens the stomach exceedingly, and round about a long spike one above another,
expels the wind. Indeed there is scarce a which are hollow and like a little bell of a
better remedy for wind in any part of the whitish green colour, after which come
body, or the cholic, than the chymical oil small heads, containing very small brownish
drawn from the berries; such country seed, which falling on the ground, will
people as know not how to draw the chy- plentifully spring up before Winter, if it
mical oil, may content themselves by eating have moisture. The root is round and most
ten or a dozen of the ripe berries every usually smooth, greyish without, and white
morning fasting. They are admirably good within, having small fibres at the head of
for a cough, shortness of breath, and con- the root, and bottom of the stalk.
sumption, pains in the belly, ruptures, Place.] It grows very plentifully in
cramps, and convulsions. They give safe many places of this land, but especially in
and speedy delivery to women with child, all the west parts thereof, upon stone and
they strengthen the brain exceedingly, help {mud walls, upon rocks also, and in stony
the memory, and fortify the sight by į places upon the ground, at the bottom of
strengthening the optic nerves ; are excel- old trees, and sometimes on the bodies of
lently good in all sorts of agues ; help the them that are decayed and rotten.
gout and sciatica, and strengthen the limbs Time.] It usually flowers in the begin-
of the body. The ashes of the wood is aining of May, and the seed ripening quickly
speedy remedy to such as have the scurvy, after, sheds itself; so that about the end or
to rub their gums with. The berries stay May, usually the stalks and leaves are
all fluxes, help the hæmorrhoids or piles, withered, dry, and gone until September,
and kill worms in children. A lye made then the leaves spring up again, and so
of the ashes of the wood, and the body į abide all winter.
bathed with it, cures the itch, scabs and Government and virtues.] Venus chal-
leprosy. The berries break the stone, lenges the herb under Libra. The juice
procure appetite when it is lost, and are or the distilled water being drank, is very
excellently good for all palsies, and falling- effectual for all inflammations and unnatural
sickness.
heats, to cool a fainting hot stomach, a hot
KIDNEYWORT, OR WALL PENNYROYAL, tilled water thereof, outwardly applied,
liver, or the bowels : the herb, juice, or dis-
heals pimples, St. Anthony's fire, and other
Descript.] It has many thick, flat, and outward heats. The said juice or water
round leaves growing from the root, every helps to heal sore kidneys, torn or fretted
one having a long footstalk, fastened un- by the stone, or exulcerated within ; it also
derneath, about the middle of it, and a provokes urine, is available for the dropsy,
ittle unevenly weaved sometimes about the and helps to break the stone. Being used
edges, of a pale green colour, and some- as a bath, or made into an ointment, it
what yellow on the upper side like a sau- cools the painful piles or hæmorrhoidal
cer; from among which arise one or more veins. It is no less effectual to give case
tender, smooth, hollow stalks half a foot što the pains of the gout, the sciatica, and
high, with two or three small leaves there- } helps the kernels or knots in the neck or
OR WALL PENNYWORT.

102-
TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL
KNAPWEED.
KNOTGRASS.
throat, called the king's evil: healing kibes of the herb and roots in wine, and applying
and chilblains if they be bathed with the the same outwardly to the place. It is
juice, or anointed with ointment made singularly good in all running sores, can-
thereof, and some of the skin of the leaf cerous and fistulous, drying up of the mois-
upon then: it is also used in green-wounds {ture, and healing them up so gently, withi-
to stay the blood, and to heal them quickly. { out sharpness; it doth the like to running
Band 19:10 19919
sores or scabs of the head or other parts.
dillo
Hem It is of special use for the soreness of the
Herria bathroat, swelling of the uvula and jaws, and
Descript.] The common sort hereof excellenily good to stay bleeding, and heal
has many long and somewhat dark green į up all green wounds.
leaves, rising from the root, dented about
the edges, and sometimes a little rent or
torn on both sides in two or three places, It is generally known so well that it
and somewhat hairy withal; ainongst needs no description.
which arises a long round stalk, four or five Place.] It grows in every county of
feet high, divided into many branches, at this land by the highway sides, and by
the tops whereof stand great scaly green foot-paths in fields; as also by the sides of
heads, and from the middle of them thrust old walls,
forth a number of dark purplish red thrumbs Time.] It springs up late in the Spring,
or threads, which after they are withered and abides until the Winter, when all the
and past, there are found divers black branches perish.
seeds, lying in a great deal of down, some- Government and virtues.]
Saturn seems
what like unto Thistle seed, but smaller ; { to me to own the herb, and yet some hold
the root is white, hard and woody, and divers the Sun; out of doubt ’tis Saturn. The
fibres annexed thereunto, which perishes juice of the common kind of Knotgrass
not, but abides with leaves thereon all the is most effectual to stay bleeding of the
Winter, shooting out fresh every spring. mouth, being drank in steeled or red wine;
Place.] It grows in most fields and mea- } and the bleeding at the nose, to be applied
dows, and about their borders and hedges, ļ to the forehead or temples, or to be squirted
and in many waste grounds also every up into the nostrils. It is no less effectual
where.
to cool and temper the heat of the blood
Time.] It usually flowers in June and ſand stomach, and to stay any flux of the
July, and the seed is ripe shortly after. blood and humours, as lasks, bloody-flux,
Government and virtues.] Saturn chal-women's courses, and running of the reins.
lenges the herb for his own. This Knap- It is singularly good to provoke urine, help
weed helps to stay fluxes, both of blood at the stranguary, and allays the heat that
the mouth or nose, or other outward parts, comes thereby; and is powerful by urine
and those veins that are inwardly broken, to expel the gravel or stone in the kidneys
or inward wounds, as also the fluxes of the and bladder, a dram of the powder of
belly; it stays distillation of thin and sharp the herb being taken in wine for many
humours from the head upon the stomach days together. Being boiled in wine and
and lungs; it is good for those that are { drank, it is profitable to those that are stung
bruised by any fall, blows or otherwise, and for bitten by venemous creatures, and very
is profitable for those that are bursten, and effectual to stay all defluxions of rheumatic
have ruptures, by drinking the decoction humours upon the stomach, and kills worms
و

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
103
in the belly or stomach, quiets inward pains Time.] It flowers in May and June,
that arise from the heat, sharpness and cor- abides after seedtime green all the Winter.
ruption of blood and choler. The distilled Government and virtues.] Venus claims
water hereof taken by itself or with the the herb as her own. Ladies' Mantle is
powder of the herb or seed, is very effectual } very proper for those wounds that have in-
to all the purposes aforesaid, and is ac- } flammations, and is very effectual to stay
counted one of the most sovereign remedies bleeding, vomitings, fluxes of all sorts,
to cool all manner of inflammations, break- bruises by falls or otherwise, and helps rup-
ing out through heat, hot swellings and tures; and such women as have large
imposthumes, gangrene and fistulous can- breasts, causing them to grow less and hard,
kers, or foul filthy ulcers, being applied being both drank and outwardly applied
or put into them ; but especially for all ş'the distilled water drank for 20 days toge-
sorts of ulcers and sores happening in the ther helps conception, and to retain the
privy parts of men and women. It helps } birth; if the women do sometimes also sit in
all fresh and green wounds, and speedily a bath made of the decoction of the herb.
heals them. The juice dropped into the It is one of the most singular wound herbs
ears, cleanses them being foul, and having that is, and therefore highly prized and
running matter in them.
praised by the Germans, who use it in all
It is very prevalent for the premises ; as } wounds inward and outward, to drink a de-
also for broken joints and ruptures. coction thereof, and wash the wounds there-
with, or dip tents therein, and put them
LADIES' MANTLE.
into the wounds, which wonderfully dries
Descript.] It has many leaves rising up all humidity of the sores, and abates in-
from the root standing upon long hairy flammations therein. It quickly heals all
font-stalks, being almost round, and a little green wounds, not suffering any corruption
cut on the edges, into eight or ten parts, to remain behind, and cures all old sores,
making it seem like a star, with so many though fistulous and hollow.
corners and points, and dented round about,
of a light green colour, somewhat hard in
handling, and as it were folded or plaited BEING an inhabitant almost in every
at first, and then crumpled in divers places, garden, it is so well known, that it needs no
and a little hairy, as the stalk is also, which description.
rises up among them to the height of two Time.] It flowers about the end of June,
or three feet; and being weak, is not able and beginning of July.
to stand upright, but bended to the ground, Government and virtues.] Mercury owns
divided at the top into two or three small the herb; and it carries his effects very po-
branches, with small yellowish green heads, tently. Lavender is of a special good use
and flowers of a whitish colour breaking out for all the griefs and pains of the head and
of them; which being past, there comes a brain that proceed of a cold cause, as the
small yellowish seed like a poppy seed : {apoplexy, falling-sickness, the dropsy, or
The root is somewhat long and black, with sluggish malady, cramps, convulsions,
inany strings and fibres thereat.
palsies, and often faintings. It strengthens
Place.] It grows naturally in many pas- the stomach, and frees the liver and spleen
tures and wood sides in Hertfordshire, from obstructions, provokes women's courses,
Wiltshire, and Kent, and other places of and expels the dead child and after-birth.
this land.
The 'flowers of Lavender steeped in wine,
(11, 12.)
LAVENDER.
E B

104
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
helps them to make water that are stopped, Descript.] The root is composed of many
or are troubled with the wind or cholic, if small white threads from whence spring up
the place be bathed therewith. A decoc- divers long stalks of winged leaves, consist-
tion made with the flowers of Lavender, {ing of round, tender, dark, green leaves,
Hore-hound, Fennel and Asparagus root, set one against another upon a middle rib,
and a little Cinnamon, is very profitably the greatest being at the end, amongst
used to help the falling-sickness, and the which arise up divers tender, weak, round,
giddiness or turning of the brain: to gar- i green stalks, somewhat streaked, with lon-
gle the mouth with the decoction thereof ger and sınaller leaves upon them; on the
is good against the tooth-ache. Two {tops of which stand flowers, almost like the
spoonfuls of the distilled water of the Stock Gilliflowers, but rounder, and not so
flowers taken, helps them that have lost long, of a blushing white colour; the seed
their voice, as also the tremblings and pas- is reddish, and grows to small branches,
sions of the heart, and faintings and swoon-being of a sharp biting taste, and so has the
ing, not only being drank, but applied to herb.
the temples, or nostrils to be smelled unto ; Place.] They grow in moist places, and
but it is not safe to use it where the body is į near to brooksides.
replete with blood and humours, because of Time.] They flower in April and May,
the hot and subtile spirits wherewith it is and the lower leaves continue green all the
possessed. The chymical oil drawn from Winter.
Lavender, usually called Oil of Spike, is of Government and virtues.] They are under
so fierce and piercing a quality, that it is the dominion of the Moon, and very little
cautiously to be used, some few drops being inferior to Water Cresses in all their opera-
sufficient, to be given with other things, tions; they are excellently good for the
either for inward or outward griefs. scurvy, they provoke urine, and break the
stone, and excellently warm a cold and
It being a common garden herb, I shall weak stomach, restoring lost appetite, and
forbear the description, only take notice,
help digestion.
that it flowers in June and July.
Government and virtues.] It is under the
dominion of Mercury. It resists poison,
It is so well known, being generally used
putrefaction, and heals the biting of veno- less to write any description thereof.
as a Sallad-herb, that it is altogether need-
mous beasts : A dram of the powder of the
dried leaves taken every morning fasting,
The Moon
Government and virtues.]
stops the running of the reins in men, and owns them, and that is the reason they cool
whites in women.
and moisten what heat and dryness Mars
The seed beaten into
powder, and taken as worm-seed, kills the causeth, because Mars has his fall in Can-
worms, not only in children, but also in cer, and they cool the heat because the
Sun rules it, between whom and the Moon
people of riper years; the like doth the
herb itself
, being steeped in milk, and the is a reception in the generation of men, as
milk drank; the body bathed with the de- you may see in my Guide for Women.
coction of it, helps scabs and itch.
The juice of Lettuce mixed or boiled with
Oil of Roses, applied to the forchead and
LADIES-SMOCK, OR CUCKOW-FLOWER. temples procures sleep, and eases the head-
This is a very pretty ornament to the ache proceeding of an hot cause: Being
sides of most meadows.
Teaten boiled, it helps to loosen the belly.
(
SD
LAVENDER-COTTON.
LETTUCE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
105
WATER LILY.
It helps digestion, quenches thirst, in- great pools, and standing waters, and some-
rreases milk in nurses, eases griping pains in times in slow running rivers, and lesser
the stomach or bowels, that coine of choler. ditches of water, in sundry places of this
Applied outwardly to the region of the land.
heart, liver or reins, or by bathing the said Time.] They flower most cominonly
places with the juice of distilled water, about the end of May, and their seed is
wherein some white Sanders, or red Roses ripe in August.
are put; not only represses the heat and Government and virtues.] The herb is
inflammations therein, but comforts and under the dominion of the Moon, and there
strengthens those parts, and also tempers fore cools and moistens like the former.
the heat of urine. Galen advises old men The leaves and flowers of the Water Lilies
to use it with spice; and where spices are į are cold and moist, but the roots and seeds
wanting, to add Mints, Rochet, and such are cold and dry; the leaves do cool all
like hot herbs, or else Citron Lemon, or inflammations, both outward and inward
Orange seeds, to abate the cold of one and heat of agues; and so doth the flowers
heat of the other. The seed and distilled also, either by the syrup or conserve;
water of the Lettuce work the same effects}the syrup helps much to procure rest,
in all things; but the use of Lettuce is and to settle the brain of frantic per-
chiefly forbidden to those that are short- sons, by cooling the hot distemperature
winded, or have any imperfection in the of the head. The seed as well as the root
lungs, or spit blood.
is effectual to stay fluxes of blood or
humours, either of wounds or of the belly ;
but the roots are inost used, and more ef-
Of these there are two principally noted | fectual to cool, bind, and restrain all fluxes
kinds, viz. the White and the Yellow. in man or woman. The root is likewise
Descript.] The White Lily has very very good for those whose urine is hot and
large and thick dark green leaves lying on sharp, to be boiled in wine and water, and
the water, sustained by long and thick { the decoction drank. The distilled water
foot-stalks, that arise from a great, thick, of the flowers is very effectual for all the
round, and long tuberous black root diseases aforesaid, both inwardly taken,
spongy or loose, with many knobs thereon, and outwardly applied ; and is much com-
green on the outside, but as white as snowmended to take away freckles, spots, sun-
within, consisting of divers rows of long burn, and morphew from the face, or other
and somewhat thick and narrow leaves, parts of the body. The oil made of the
smaller and thinner the more inward they fowers, as oil of Roses is made, is profitably
be, encompassing a head with many yel- { used to cool hot tumours, and to ease the
low threads or thrums in the middle; where, { pains, and help the sores.
after they are past, stand round Poppy-like
heads, full of broad oily and bitter seed.
The yellow kind is little different from CALLED also Conval Lily, Male Lily,
the former, save only that it has fewer and Lily Confancy.
leaves on the flowers, greater and more Descript.] The root is small, and creeps
shining seed, and a whitish root, both with-}far in the ground, as grass roots do. The
in and without. The root of both is some leaves are many, against which rises up a
what sweet in taste.
stalk half a foot high, with many white
Place.] They are found growing in flowers, like little bells with turned edges,
LILY OF THE VALLEY.

106
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
LIQUORICE.
of a strong, though pleasing smell; the birth. The root roasted, and mixed with a
berries are red, not much unlike those of į little hog's grease, makes a gallant poultice
Asparagus.
to ripen and break plague-sores. The
Place.] They grow plentifully upon ointment is excellently good for swellings
Hampstead-Heath, and many other places in the privities, and will cure burnings and
in this nation.
scaldings without a scar, and trimly deck a
Time.] They flower in May, and the blank place with hair.
seed is ripe in Septeniber.
Government and virtues.] It is under the
dominion of Mercury, and therefore it Descript.] Our English Liquorice rises
strengthens the brain, recruits a weak up with divers woody stalks, whereon are
memory, and makes it strong again: The set at several distances many narrow, long,
distilled water dropped into the eyes, helps green leaves, set together on both sides of
inflammations there; as also that infirmity the stalk, and an odd one at the end, very
which they call a pin and web. The spirit well resembling a young ash tree sprung up
of the flowers distilled in wine, restores lost from the seed. This by many years con-
speech, helps the palsy, and is excellently tinuance in a place without removing, and
good in the apoplexy, comforts the heart not else, will bring forth flowers, many
and vital spirits. Gerrard saith, that the standing together spike fashion, one above
flowers being close stopped up in a glass, another upon the stalk, of the form of pease
put into an ant-hill, and taken away again} blossoms, but of a very pale blue colour,
a month after, ye shall find a liquor in the which turn into long, somewhat flat and
glass, which, being outwardly applied, helps smooth cods, wherein is contained a small.
round, hard seed : The roots run down ex-
ceedin deep into the ground, with divers
other small roots and fibres growing with
It were in vain to describe a plant so them, and shoot out suckers from the main
commonly known in every one's garden ; šroots all about, whereby it is much increas-
therefore I shall not tell you what they are, ed, of a brownish colour on the outside,
but what they are good for.
and yellow within.
Government and virtues.] They are under Place.] It is planted in fields and gar-
the dominion of the Moon, and by anti- dens, in divers places of this land, and
pathy to Mars expel poison ; they are ex- thereof good profit is made.
ceilently good in pestilential fevers, the Government and virtues.] It is under the
roots being bruised and boiled in wine, and dominion of Mercury. Liquorice boiled
the decoction drank; for it expels the in fair water, with some Maiden-hair and
venom to the exterior parts of the body: figs, makes a good drink for those that have
The juice of it being tempered with barley a dry cough or hoarseness, wheezing or
meal, baked, and so eaten for ordinary shortness of breath, and for all the griefs of
bread, is an excellent cure for the dropsy: the breast and lungs, phthisic or consump-
An ointment made of the root, and hog'stions caused by the distillation of salt
grease, is excellently good for scald heads, humours on them. It is also good in all
unites the sinews when they are cut, and pains of the reins, the stranguary, and heat
cieanses ulcers. The root boiled in any of urine: The fine powder of Liquorice
convenient decoction, gives speedy delivery, blown through a quill into the eyes that
to women in travail, and expels the after- have a .pin and web (as they call it) or
the gout.
?
v
WHITE LILIES.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
107
LIVERWORT.
•rheumatic distillations in them, doth cleanse to the tops into great and long branches,
and help them. The juice of Liquorice is on all which, at the joints, there grow long
as effectual in all the diseases of the breast and narrow leaves, but broader below, and
and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the usually two at a joint, yet sometimes three
decoction. The juice distilled in Rose- or four, somewhat like willow leaves, smooth
water, with some Gum Tragacanth, is a fine on the edges, and of a fair green co.our
licking medicine for hoarseness, wheez- from the upper joints of the branches, and
ing, &c.
at the tops of them also stand many yellow
flowers of five leaves a-piece, with divers
yellow threads in the middle, which turn
There are, according to some botanists, into small round heads, containing small
upwards of three hundred different kinds cornered seeds: the root creeps under
of Liverwort.
ground, almost like coughgrass, but greater,
Descript.] Comnion Liverwort grows and shoots up every Spring brownish heads,
close, and spreads much upon the ground which afterwards grow up into stalks. It
in moist and shady places, with many small has no scent or taste, and is only astringent.
green leaves, or rather (as it were) sticking Place.] It grows in many places of this
flat to one another, very unevenly cut in on land in moist meadows, and by water sides.
the edges, and crumpled; from among Time.] It flowers from June to August,
which arise small slender stalks, an inch or Government and virtues.] This herb is
two high at most, bearing small star-like good for all manner of bleeding at the
flowers at the top ; the roots are very fine mouth, nose, or wounds, and all fluxes of
and small.
the belly, and the bloody-flux, given either
Government and virtues.] It is under the to drink or taken by clysters; it stays also
dominion of Jupiter, and under the sign the abundance of women's courses; it is a
Cancer. It is a singularly good herb for singular good wound-herb for green wounds,
all the diseases of the liver, both to cool i to stay the bleeding, and quickly close
and cleanse it, and helps the inflammations : together the lips of the wound, if the herb
in any part, and the yellow jaundice like- be bruised, and the juice only applied. It
wise. Being bruised and boiled in small is often used in gargles for sore mouths, as
beer, and drank, it cools the heat of the also for the secret parts. The smoak here-
liver and kidneys, and helps the running of of being bruised, drives away Aies and
the reins in men, and the whites in women ; įgnats, which in the night time molest people
it is a singular remedy to stay the spreading inhabiting near marshes, and in the fenny
of tetters, ringworms, and other fretting and countries.
running sores and scabs, and is an excellent
remedy for such whose livers are corrupted
LOOSESTRIFE, WITH SPIKED HEADS OF
by surfeits, which cause their bodies to
break out, for it fortifies the liver exceed- It is likewise called Grass-polly.
ingly, and makes it impregnable.
Descript.] This grows with many woody
square stalks, full of joints, about three
feet high at least ; at every one whereof
Descript.] COMMON yellow Loosestrife i stand two long leaves, shorter, narrower,
grows to be four or five feet high, or more, and a greener colour than the formr
with great round stalks, a little crested, and some brownish. The stalksare branched
diversly branched from the middle of them into many long stems of spiked flowers half
(11 12.)
FLOWERS.
LOOSESTRIFE OR WILLOW-HERB.
F F

108
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
LOVAGE.
a foot long, growing in bundles one above the place covered with a linen cloth doubled
another, out of small husks, very like the and anointed with the ointment; and this
spiked heads of Lavender, each of which is also an approved medicine. It likewise
flowers have five round-pointed leaves of a cleanses and heals all foul ulcers, and sores
purple violet colour, or somewhat inclining } whatsoever, and stays their inflammations
to redness ; in which husks stand small by washing them with the water, and lay-
round heads after the flowers are fallen,{ing on them a green leaf or two in the
wherein is contained small seed. The root Summer, or dry leaves in the Winter. This
creeps under ground like unto the yellow, water, gargled warm in the mouth, and
but is greater than it, and so are the heads sometimes drank also, doth cure the quinsy,
of the leaves when they first appear out of or king's evil in the throat. The said
the ground, and more brown than the water applied warm, takes away all spots,
other.
marks, and scabs in the skin ; and a little
Place.] It grows usually by rivers, and į of it drank, quenches thirst when it is ex-
ditch-sides in wet ground, as about the treme.
ditches at and near Lambeth, and in many
places of this land.
Time.] It flowers in the months of June Descript.] It has many long and green
and July
stalks of large winged leaves, divided into
Government and virtues.] It is an herb many parts, like Smallage, but much larger
of the Moon, and under the sign Cancer; and greater, every leaf being cut about the
neither do I know a better preserver of the edges, broadest forward, and smallest at the
sight when it is well, nor a better cure for stalk, of a sad green colour, smooth and
sore eyes than Eyebright, taken inwardly, shining; from among which rise up sundry
and this used outwardly; it is cold in quality strong, hollow green stalks, five or six,
This herb is nothing inferior to the for- sometimes seven or eight feet high, full of
mer, it having not only all the virtues which joints, but lesser leaves set on them than
the former hath, but inore peculiar virtues grow below; and with them towards the
of its own, found out by experience; as, tops come forth large branches, bearing at
namely, The distilled water is a present their tops large umbels of yellow flowers,
remedy for hurts and blows on the eyes, and after them flat brownish seed. The
and for blindness, so as the Christalline roots grow thick, great and deep, spreading
humours be not perished or hurt; and this much, and enduring long, of a brownish
hath been sufficiently proved true by the colour on the outside, and whitish within.
experience of a man of judgment, who kept The whole plant and every part of it smell-
ir long to himself as a great secret. It ing strong, and aromatically, and is of a
clears the eyes of dust, or any thing gotten hot, sharp, biting taste.
into them, and preserves the sight. It is Place.] It is usually planted in gardens,
also very available against wounds and where, if it be suffered, it grows huge and
thrusts, being made into an ointment in great.
this manner: To every ounce of the water, Time.] It flowers in the end of July,
add two drams of May butter without salt, and seeds in August.
and of sugar and wax, of each as much Government and virtues.] It is an herb
also; let them boil gently together. Let of the Sun, under the sign Taurus. If
tents dipped into the liquor that remains Saturn offend the throat (as he always doth
after it is cold, be put into the wounds, and if he be occasioner of the malady, and in

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
109
MADDER.
Taurus is the Genesis) this is your cure, is an excellent remedy boiled in beer fo
It opens, cures and digests humours, and broken-winded horses.
mightily provokes women's courses and
urine. Half a dram at a time of the dried
root in powder taken in wine, doth wonder- Descript.]
GARDEN Madder shoots
fully warm a cold stomach, helps digestion, } forth many very long, weak, four-square,
and consumes all raw and superfluous reddish stalks, trailing on the ground a
moisture therein; eases all inward gripings great way, very rough or hairy, and full of
and pains, dissolves wind, and resists poison joints: At every one of these joints come
and infection. It is a known and much forth divers long and narrow leaves, stand-
praised remedy to drink the decoction of ing like a star about the stalks, round also
the herb for any sort of ague, and to help and hairy, towards the tops whereof come
the pains and torments of the body and forth many small pale yellow flowers, after
bowels coming of cold. The seed is effec- } which come small round heads, green at
tual to all the purposes aforesaid (except} first, and reddish afterwards, but black
the last) and works more powerfully. The when they are ripe, wherein is contained
distilled water of the herb helps the quinsy the seed. The root is not very great, but
in the throat, if the mouth and throat be exceeding long, running down half a man's
gargled and washed therewith, and helps length into the ground, red and very clear,
the pleurisy, being drank three or four while it is fresh, spreading divers ways.
times. Being dropped into the eyes, it Place.] It is only manured in gardens,
takes away the redness or dimness of them; for larger fields, for the profit that is made
it likewise takes away spots or freckles in thereof.
the face. The leaves bruised, and fried Time.] It flowers towards the end of
with a little hog's lard, and put hot to any Summer, and the seed is ripe quickly after.
blotch or boil, will quickly break it.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
Mars. It hath an opening quality, and
afterwards to bind and strengthen. It is a
Descript.]. This is a kind of moss, that sure remedy for the yellow jaundice, by
grows on sündry sorts of trees, especially opening the obstructions of the liver and
oaks and beeches, with broad, greyish, gall
, and cleansing those parts; it opens
tough leaves diversly folded, crumpled, and also the obstructions of the spleen, and
gashed in on the edges, and some spotted { diminishes the melancholy humour. It is
also with many small spots on the upper- available for the palsy and sciatica, and
side. It was never seen to bear any stalk effectual for bruises inward and outward,
or flower at any tinie.
and is therefore much used in vulnerary
Government and virtues.] Jupiter seems drinks. The root for all those aforesaid
to own this herb. It is of great use to purposes, is to be boiled in wine or water,
physicians to help the diseases of the lungs, as the cause requires, and some honey and
and for coughs, wheezings, and shortness of sugar put thereunto afterwards. The seed
breath, which it cures both in man and hereof taken in vinegar and honey, helps
beast. It is very profitable to put into the swelling and hardness of the spleen.
lotions that are taken to stay the moist The decoction of the leaves and branches
humours that flow to ulcers, and hinder is a good fomentation for women that have
their healing, as also to wash all other ulcers not their courses.
The leaves and roots
in the privy parts of a man or woman. It beaten and applied to any part that is dis-
LUNGWORT.

110
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
MAIDEN HAIR.
coloured with freckles, morphew, the white with the cough, shortness of breath, the
scurf, or any such deformity of the skin, yellow jaundice, diseases of the spleen,
cleanses thoroughly, and takes them away. stopping of urine, and helps exceedingly to
break the stone in the kidneys, (in all which
diseases the Wall Rue is also very effectual.)
Descript.] Our common Maiden-Hair It provokes women's courses, and stays
doth, from a number of hard black fibres, both bleedings and fluxes of the stomach
send forth a great many blackish shining and belly, especially when the herb is dry;
brittle stalks, hardly a span long, in many for being green, it loosens the belly, and
not half so long, on each side set very thick voids choler and phlegm from the stomach
with small, round, dark green leaves, and and liver ; it cleanses the lungs, and by
spitted on the back of them like a fern.
rectifying the blood, causes a good colour
Place.] It grows upon old stone walls into the whole body. The herb boiled in oil
the West parts in Kent, and divers other of Camomile, dissolves knots, allays swell-
places of this land ; it delights likewise to {ings, and dries up moist ulcers. The lye
grow by springs, wells, and rocky moist { made thereof is singularly good to cleanse the
and shady places, and is always green. head from scurf, and from dry and running
sores, stays the falling or shedding of the
WALL RUE, OR, WHITE MAIDEN-HAIR.
hair, and causes it to grow thick, fair, and
Descript.] This has very fine, pale green well coloured; for which purpose some
stalks, almost as fine as hairs, set confusedly boil it in wine, putting some Smallage seed
with divers pale green leaves on every short į thereto, and afterwards some vil. The
foot stalk, somewhat near unto the colour Wall Rue is as effectual as Maiden-Hair,
of garden Rue, and not much differing in; in all diseases of the head, or falling and
form but more diversly cut in on the edges, recovering of the hair again, and generally
and thicker, smooth on the upper part, fór all the aforementioned diseases : And
and spotted finely underneath.
besides, the powder of it taken in drink for
Place.] It grows in many places of this forty days together, helps the burstings in
land, at Dartford, and the bridge at Ash- children.
ford in Kent, at Beaconsfield in Bucking-
hamshire, at Wolly in Huntingtonshire, on
Framlingham Castle in Suffolk, on the To the former give me leave to add this,
church walls at Mayfield in Sussex, in, and I shall say no more but only describe
Somersetshire, and divers other places of it to you, and for the virtues refer you to
this land ; and is green in Winter as well as the former, since whatever is said of them,
Summer.
may be also said of this.
Government and virtues.] Both this and Descript.] It has many small, brownish,
the former are under the dominion of{red hairs, to make up the form of leaves
Mercury, and so is that also which follows growing about the ground from the root;
after, and the virtue of both are so near and in the middle of them, in Summer, rise
alike, that though I have described them small stalks of the same colour, set with very
and their places of growing severally, yet fine yellowish green hairs on them, and
I shall in writing the virtues of them, join bearing a small gold, yellow head, less
them both together as follows.
than a wheat corn, standing in a great
The decoction of the herb Maiden-Hair husk. The root is very small and thready.
being drank, helps those that are troubled Place.] It grows in bogs and moorish
GOLDEN MAIDEN HAIR

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
111
MALLOWS AND MARSHMALLOWS.
places, and also on dry shady places, as į to those purposes. The same used by
Hampstead Heath, and elsewhere.
nurses procures them store of milk. The
decoction of the seed of any of the common
Mallows made in milk or wine, doth mar-
COMMON Mallows are generally so well vellously help excoriations, the phthisic,
known that they need no description. pleurisy, and other diseases of the chest and
Our common Marshmallows have divers lungs, that proceed of hot causes, if it be
soft hairy white stalks, rising to be three or continued taking for some time together.
four feet high, spreading forth many | The leaves and roots work the same effects.
branches, the leaves whereof are soft and They help much also in the excoriations of
hairy, somewhat less than the other Mallow the bowels, and hardness of the mother,
leaves, but longer pointed, cut (for the most and in all hot and sharp diseases thereof.
part) into some few divisions, but deep. The juice drank in wine, or the decoction
The flowers are many, but smaller also than of them therein, do help women to a speedy
the other Mallows, and white, or tending to and casy delivery. Pliny saith, that who-
a bluish colour. After which come such soever takes a spoonful of any of the Mal-
Jong, round cases and seeds, as in the other lows, shall that day be free from all diseases
Mallows. The roots are many and long, that may come unto him ; and that it is
shooting from one head, of the bigness of a especially good for the falling-sickness. The
thumb or finger, very pliant, tough, and syrup also and conserve made of the flowers,
being like liquorice, of a whitish yellow are very effectual for the same diseases
colour on the outside, and more whitishịand to open the body, being costive. The
within, full of a slimy juice, which being leaves bruised, and laid to the eyes with
laid in water, will thicken, as if it were a {a little honey, take away the imposthuma-
jelly to dois size
tions of them. The leaves bruised or rubbed
Place.] The common Mallows grow in upon any place stung with bees, wasps, or
every county of this land. The common the like, presently take away the pain,
Marsh-mallows in most of the salt marshes, redness, and swelling that rise thereupon.
from Woolwich down to the sea, both on And Dioscorides saith, The decoction of
the Kentish and Essex shores, and in divers the roots and leaves helps all sorts of poison,
other places of this land.
so as the poison be presently voided by
Tine.] They flower all the Summer vomit. A poultice made of the leaves
months, even until the Winter do pull them boiled and bruised, with sonie bean or bar-
down.
ley flower, and oil of Roses added, is an
Government and virtues.] Venus owns especial remedy against all hard tumours
them both. The leaves of either of the and inflammations, or imposthumes, or
sorts, both specified, and the roots also swellings of the privities, and other parts,
boiled in wine or water, or in broth with and eases the pains of them; as also against
Parsley or Fennel roots, do help to open the the hardness of the liver or spleen, being
body, and are very convenient in hot agues, applied to the places. The juice of Mal-
or other distempers of the body, to apply flows boiled in old oil and applied, takes
the leaves so boiled warm to the belly. It away all roughness of the skin, as also the
not only voids hot, choleric, and other scurf, dandriff, or dry scabs in the head, or
offensive humours, but eases the pains and other parts, if they be anointed therewith,
torments of the belly coming thereby; and or washed with the decoction, and preserves
are therefore used in all clysters conducing the hair from falling off. It is also effec-
(11, 12.)
G G
C

172
CUDIA THE COMPLETE HERBAL A
tual against scaldings and burnings, St. } drink, to those that are wounded, and ready
Anthony's fire, and all other hot, red, and to faint through loss of blood, and applied
painful swellings in any part of the body. the same, mixed with honey and rosin, to
The flowers boiled in oil or water (as every { the wounds. As also, the roots boiled in
one is disposed) whereunto a little honey wine to those that have received any hurt
and allum is put, is an excellent gargle to by bruises, falls, or blows, or had any bone
wash, cleanse or heal any sore mouth or or member out of joint, or any swelling-
throat in a short space. If the feet be pain, or ache in the muscles, sinews or
bathed or washed with the decoction of the arteries. The muscilage of the roots, and of
leaves, roots, and Howers
, it helps much Linseed and Fenugreek put together, is much
the defluxions of rheum from the head; used in poultices, ointments, and plaisters,
if the head be washed therewith, it stays to molify and digest all hard swellings, and
the falling and shedding of the hair. The the inflammation of them, and to ease pains
green leaves (saith Pliny) beaten with in any part of the body. The seed either
nitre, and applied, draw out thorns or green or dry, mixed with vinegar, cleanses
prickles in the flesh.com
the skin of morphew, and all other dis-
The Marshmallows are more effectual in colourings, being boiled therewith in the
all the diseases before mentioned: The Sun.
leaves are likewise used to loosen the belly You may remember that not long since
gently, and in decoctions or clysters to ease { there was a raging disease called the bloody-
all pains of the body, opening the strait{flux; the college of physicians not knowing
passages, and making them slippery, where- what to make of it, called it the inside
by the stone may descend the more easily į plague, for their wits were at Ne plus ultra
and without pain, out of the reins, kidneys, about it: My son was taken with the same
and bladder, and to ease the torturing pains disease, and the excoriation of his bowels
Tthereof. But the roots are of more special was exceeding great; myself being in the
use for those purposes, as well for coughs, country, was sent for up ; the only thing
hoarseness, shortness of breath and wheez- I gave him, was Mallows bruised and
Gings, being boiled in wine, or honeyed boiled both in milk and drink, in two days
water, and drank. The roots and seeds (the blessing of God being upon it) it cured
hereof boiled in wine or water, are with him. And I here, to shew my thankful-
good success used by them that have ex- ness to God, in communicating it to his
coriations in the bowels, or the bloody flux, creatures, leave it to posterity to
by qualifying the violence of sharp fretting
2 Thumours, easing the pains, and healing the ancov
It is profitably taken by them Government and virtues.] It is under the
e that are troubled with raptures, cramps, or dominion of Jupiter. The decoction either
Jeconvulsions of the sinews; and boiled in of the leaves or bark, must needs strengthen
white wine, for the imposthumes by the the liver much, and so you shall find it to
thtoat, commonly called the king's evil, and do, if you use it. It is excellently good to
2 of those kernels that rise behind the ears, open obstructions both of the liver and
stånd inflammations or swellings in women's į spleen, and eases pains of the sides thence
breasts...The dried roots boiled in milk į proceeding. olors for
land drank, is especially good for the chin-nice
ceough. Hippocrates used to give the de- door
scootion sof the roots, or the juice thereof, to CALLED also Origanum, Eastward Mar-
MAPLE TREE.
5 soreness.
WIND MARJORAM.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
113
joram ; Wild Marjoram, and Grove Mar- dry places of this land; but it is not my
Joram.
for purpose to insist upon them. The garden
Descript.] Wild or field Marjoran hath kinds being most used and useful.
a root which creeps much under ground, Time.] They flower in the end of Summer.
which continues a long time, sending up Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
sundry-brownish, hard, square stalks, with ; Mercury, and under Aries, and therefore is
small dark green leaves, very like those of an excellent remedy for the brain and other
Sweet Marjoram, but harder, and some- } parts of the body and mind, under the do-
what broader ; at the top of the stalks stand {minion of the same planet. Our common
tufts of flowers, of a deep purplish red Sweet Marjoram is warming and comfor-
colour. The seed is small and something table in cold diseases of the head, stomach,
blacker than that of Sweet Marjoram. sinews, and other parts, taken inwardly, or
Place.] It grows plentifully in the bor- outwardly applied. The decoction thereof
ders of corn fields, and in some copses. being drank, helps all diseases of the chest
Time.] It flowers towards the latter end i which hinder the freeness of breathing, and
of the Summer.es
nel ba is also profitable for the obstructions of the
Government and virtues.] This is also liver and spleen. It helps the cold griefs
under the dominion of Mercury. It of the womb, and the windiness thereof, and
strengthens the stomach and head much, the loss of speech, by resolution of the
there being scarce a better remedy growing tongue. The decoction thereof made with
for such as are troubled with a sour humoursome Pellitory of Spain, and long Pepper,
in the stomach ; it restores the appetite or with a little Acorns or Origanum, being
being lost; helps the cough, and consump-drank, is good for those that cannot make
tion of the lungs ; it cleanses the body of water, and against pains and torments in
choler, expels poison, and remedies the in- the belly; it provokes women's courses, if
firmities of the spleen ; helps the bitings of it be used as a pessary. Being made into
venomous beasts, and helps such as have powder, and mixed with honey, it takes
poisoned themselves by eating Hemlock, away the black marks of blows, and bruises,
Henbane, or Opium. It provokes urine and being thereunto applied ; it is good for the
the terms in women, helps the dropsy, and inflammations and watering of the eyes,
the scurvy, scabs, itch, and yellow jaun-being mixed with fine flour, and laid unto
dice. The juice being dropped into the them. The juice dropped into the ears,
ears, helps deafness, pain and noise in the cases, the pains and singing noise in them.
ears. And thus much for this berb, be-It is profitably put into those ointments
tween which and adders, there is a deadly and salves that are warm, and comfort the
antipathy. Todo
outward parts, as the joints and sinews ;
for swellings also, and places out of joint
The powder thereof snuffed up into the nose
"1.SWEET Marjoram is so well known, provokes sneezing, and thereby purges the
being an inhabitant in every garden, that it} brain ; and chewed in the mouth, draws
is needless to write any description thereof, forth much phlegm. The oil made thereof,
neither of the Winter Sweet Marjoram, or is very warm and comfortable to the joints
Pot Marjoram.
that are stiff, and the sinews that are hard,
Place.) They grow commonly in gar to molify and supple them. Marjoram is
dens; some sorts grow wild in the bor- much used in all odoriferous water, pow-
ders of corn flelds and pastures, ix sun- ders, &c. thatare for ornament or delight
و
SWEET MARJOR AM.

114
ON THE COMPLETE HERBAL LUVIA
MARIGOLDS.
ht
than down deep in the ground, shooting
forth sundry heads, which taste sharp,
These being so plentiful in every gar- biting on the tongue, and is the hottest and
den, and so well known that they need no sharpest part of the plant, and the seed
description.
next unto it being somewhat blackish on
Time.] They flower all the Summer { the outside, and smelling well.
long, and sometimes in Winter, if it be Place.] It is usually kept in gardens with
mild.
us in England.
. Government and virtues.] It is an herb Time.] It flowers and seeds about the
of the Sun, and under Leo. They strengthen jend of August.
the heart exceedingly, and are very ex- Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
pulsive, and a little less effectual in the small- Mars. The root of Masterwort is hotter
pox and measles than saffron. The juice than pepper, and very available in cold
of Marigold leaves mixed with vinegar, and griefs and diseases both of the stomach and
any hot swelling bathed with it, instantly body, dissolving very powerfully upwards
gives ease, and assuages it. The flowers, and downwards. It is also used in a de-
either green or dried, are much used in coction with wine against all cold rheums,
possets, broths, and drink, as a comforter { distillations upon the lungs, or shortness of
of the heart and spirits, and to expel any breath, to be taken morning and evening.
malignant or pestilential quality which It also provokes urine, and helps to break
might annoy them. A plaister made with the stone, and expel the gravel from the
the dry flowers in powder, hog's-grease, kidneys; provokes women's courses, and
turpentine, and rosin, applied to the breast, expels the dead birth. It is singularly good
strengthens and succours the heart infi- for strangling of the mother, and other such
nitely in fevers, whether pestilential or not. like feminine diseases. It is effectual also
bearre against the dropsy, cramps, and falling
the sickness ; for the decoction in wine being
Descript.] COMMON Masterwort has gargled in the mouth, draws down much
divers stalks of winged leaves divided into water and phlegm, from the brain, purging
sundry parts, three for the most part stand- and easing it of what oppresses it. It is of
ing together at a small foot-stalk on bothịa rare quality against all sorts of cold poi-
sides of the greater, and three likewise at son, to be taken as there is cause ; it
pro-
the end of the stalk, somewhat broad, and { vokes sweat. But lest the taste hereof, or
cut in on the edges into three or more of the seed (which works to the like effect,
divisions, all of them dented about the though not so powerfully) should be too
brims, of a dark green colour, somewhat offensive, the best way is to take the water
resembling the leaves of Angelica, but that distilled both from the herb and root. The
these grow lower to the ground, and on juice hereof dropped, or tents dipped there-
lesser stalks ; among which rise up two or in, and applied either to green wounds or
three short stalks about two feet high, and filthy rotten ulcers, and those that come by
slender, with such like leaves at the joints; envenomed weapons, doth soon cleanse
which grow below, but with lesser and fewer and heal them. The same is also very good
divisions, bearing umbels of white flowers, } to help the gout coming of a cold cause.
and after them thin, flat blackish seeds,
bigger than Dill seeds. The root is some-
what greater and growing rather side-ways Descript.] Common Maudlin hath some-
MASTERWORT.
SWEET MAUDLIN.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED
115
THE MEDLAR,
what long and narrow leaves, snipped about women's minds should run a gadding
the edges. The stalks are two feet high, | Also a plaister made of the fruit dried be-
bearing at the tops many yellow flowers setj fore they are rotten, and other convenient
round together and all of an equal height, I things, and applied to the reins of the back,
in umbels or tufts like unto tansy; after stops miscarriage in women with child,
which follow small whitish seed, almost as They are powerful to stay any fluxes of
big as wormseed.
blood or humours in men or women; the
Place and Time.] It grows in gardens, leaves also have this quality. The decoc-
and flowers in June and July.
tion of them is good to gargle and wash the
Government and virtues.] The Virtues mouth, throat and teeth, when there is any
hereof being the same with Costmary or defluxions of blood to stay it, or of humours,
Alecost, I shall not make any repetition which causes the pains and swellings. It
thereof, lest my book grow too big; but is a good bath for women, that have their
rather refer you to Costmary for satis- courses flow too abundant: or for the piles
faction.
when they bleed too much. If a poultice
or plaister be made with dried inedlars,
beaten and mixed with the juice of red
Descript.] The Tree grows near the roses, whereunto a few cloves and nutmegs
bigness of the Quince Tree, spreading may be added, and a little red coral also,
branches reasonably large, with longer and and applied to the stomach that is given to
narrower leaves than either the apple or casting or loathing of meat, it effectually
quince, and not dented about the edges. helps. The dried leaves in powder strewed
At the end of the sprigs stand the flowers, į on fresh bleeding wounds restrains the
made of five white, great, broad-pointed blood, and heals up the wound quickly.
leaves, nicked in the middle with some The medlar-stones made into powder, and
white threads also ; after which comes the drank in wine, wherein some Parsley-roots
fruit, of a brownish green colour, being ripe, have lain infused all night, or a little boiled,
bearing a crown as it were on the top, do break the stone in the kidneys, helping
which were the five green leaves; and to expel it.
being rubbed off, or fallen away, the head su
of the fruit is seen to be somewhat hollow. bu MOLLILOT, OR KING'S CLAVER.
The fruit is very harsh before it is mellowed, Descript.] This hath many green stalks,
and has usually five hard kernels within it. , two or three feet high, rising from a tough,
There is another kind hereof nothing dif- long, white root, which dies not every
fering from the former, but that it hath some year, set round about at the joints with
thorns on it in several places, which the small and somewhat long, well-smelling
other hath not; and usually the fruit is leaves, set three together, unevently dented
sinall, and not so pleasant.
about the edges. The flowers are yellow,
Time and Place.] They grow in this and well-sinelling also, made like other
land, and flower in May for the most part, 1 trefoil, but small, standing in long spikes
and bear fruit in September and October. one above another, for an hand breath long
Government and virtues.] The fruit is old or better, which afterwards turn into long
Saturn's, and sure a better medicine he crooked pods, wherein is contained flat seed,
hardly hath to strengthen the retentive somewhat brown.
faculty; therefore it stays women's long- Place.] It grows plentifully in many
ings: The good old man cannot endure places of this land, as in the edge of Suffolk
(11, 12.)
II H

116
TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL
BALTA
DOG MERCURY.
and in Essex, as also in Huntingdonshire, male Mercury two small, round green
and in other places, but most usually in heads, standing together upon
upon a short
corn fields, in corners of meadows. di sto foot stalk, which growing ripe, are seeds,
Time.] It flowers in June and July, and not having flowers. The female stalk is
is tipe quickly after. christine
fine, got longer, spike-fashion, set round about with
Government and virtues.] Melilot, boiled small green husks, which are the flowers,
in wine, and applied, mollifies all hard made small like bunches of grapes, which
tumours and inflammations that happen in give no seed, but abiding long upon the
the eyes, or other parts of the body, and stalks without shedding. The root is com-
sometimes the yolk of a roasted egg, or fine posed of many small fibres, which perishes
flour, or poppy seed, or endive, is added every year at the first approach of Winter,
unto it. It helps the spreading ulcers in and rises again of its own sowing; and if
the head, it being washed with a lye made once it is suffered to sow itself, the ground
thereof. It helps the pains of the stomach, will never want afterwards, even both sorts
being applied fresh ; or boiled with any of of it.
the aforenamed things; also, the pains of
the ears, being dropped into them; and
steeped in vinegar, or rose water, it miti- HAVING described unto you that which
gates the head-ache. The flowers of Melli- is called French Mercury, I come now to
lot or Camomile are much used to be put shew you a description of this kind also.
together in clysters to expel wind, and ease Descript.] This is likewise of two kinds,
pains; and also in poultices for the same male and Female, having many stalks slender
purpose, and to assuage swelling tumours and lower than Mercury, without any
in the spleen or other parts, and helps in- branches at all upon them, the root is set
flammations in any part of the body. The { with two leaves at every joint, somewhat
juice dropped into the eyes, is a singularly greater than the female, but more pointed
good medicine to take away the film or and full of veins, and somewhat harder in
skin that clouds or dimns the eye-sight. handling: of a dark green colour, and less
The head often washed with the distilled } dented or snipped about the edges. At
water of the herb and flower, or a lye made the joints with the leaves come forth longer
therewith, is effectual for those that sud- stalks than the former, with two hairy
denly lose their senses; as also to strengthen round seeds upon them, twice as big as
the memory, to comfort the head and brain, those of the former Mercury. The taste
and to preserve them from pain, and the hereof is herby, and the smell somewhat
apoplexy
strong and virulent. The female has much
harder leaves standing upon longer foot-
stalks, and the stalks are also longer ; from
Descript.] Tuis rises up with a square {the joints come forth spikes of flowers like
green stalk full of joints, two feet high, or the French Female Mercury. The roots of
thereabouts, with two leaves at every joint, them both are many, and full of small
and the branches likewise from both sides of fibres which run under ground, and mat
the stalk, set with fresh green leaves, some- themselves very much, not perishing as the
what broad and long, about the bigness of former Mercuries do, but abide the Win-
the leaves of Bazil, finely dented about the ter, and shoot forth new branches every
edges; towards the tops of the stalk and year, for the old lie down to the ground.
branches, come forth at every joint in the Place.] The male and female French
(8111
51
FRENCH AND DOG MERCURY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
117
Mercury are found wild in divers places of or the juice rubbed upon warts, takes then
this land, as by a village called Brookland į away. The juice mingled with some vine-
in Rumney Marsh in Kent.tv odt gar, helps all running scabs, tetters, ring-
The Dog Mercury in sundry places of worms, and the itch. Galen saith, that
Kent also, and elsewhere; but the female being applied in manner of a poultice to
more seldom than the male. Ta (070
any swelling or inflammation, it digests the
Time.] They flower in the Summer swelling, and allays the inflammation, and
months, and therein give their seed. is therefore given in clysters to evacuate
Government and virtues.] Mercury, they from the belly offensive humours. The Dog
say, owns the herb, but I rather think it is Mercury, although it be less used, yet may
Venus's, and I am partly confident of it serve in the same manner, to the same pur-
too, for I never heard that Mercury ever pose, to purge waterish and melancholy
minded women's business so much: Ihumours. i aning and con
இவர
believe he minds his study more. The de- Oy
The de-o lo absod ont des or boor
coction of the leaves of Mercury, or the test MINT.
juice thereof in broth, or drank with a little
sugar put to it, purges choleric and waterish Of all the kinds of Mint, the Spear
humours. Hippocrates cominended it Mint, or Heart Mint, being most usual,
wonderfully for women's diseases, and ap- I shall only describe as follows:
plied to the secret parts, to ease the pains of Descript.] Spear Mint has divers round
the mother; and used the decoction of it, stalks, and long but narrowish leaves set
both to procure women's courses, and to thereon, of a dark green colour. The
expel the after-birth; and gave the de- flowers stand in spiked heads at the tops
coction thereof with myrrh or pepper, or of the branches, being of a pale blue
used to apply the leaves outwardly against colour. The smell or scent thereof is some-
the stranguary and diseases of the reins and { what near unto Bazil ; it encreases by the
bladder. He used it also for sore and root under ground as all the others do.
watering eyes, and for the deafness and Place.] It is an usual inhabitant in gar-
pains in the ears, by dropping the juice; dens; and because it seldom gives any
thereof into them, and bathing them after- good seed, the seed is recompensed by
wards in white wine. The decoction there- ș the plentiful increase of the root, which
of made with water and a cock chicken, is being once planted in a garden, will hardly
a most safe medicine against the hot fits of be rid out again. ut
agues. It also cleanses the breast and lungs Time.] It flowers not until the beginning
of phlegm, but a little offends the stomach. of August
, for the most part.
The juice or distilled water snuffed up into Government and virtues.] It is an herb
the nostrils, purges the head and eyes of of Venus. Dioscorides saith it hath a
catarrhs and rheums. Some use to drink healing, binding and drying quality, and
two or three ounces of the distilled water, therefore the juice taken in vinegar, stays
with a little sugar put to it, in the morning bleeding : It stirs up venery, or bodily lust;
fasting, to open and purge the body of two or three branches thereof taken in the
gross, viscous, and melancholy humours. juice of four pomegranates, stays the hic-
Matthiolus saith, that both the seed of the cough, vomiting, and allays the choler. It
male and female Mercury boiled with dissolves imposthumes being laid to with
Wormwood and drank, cures the yellow barley-meal. It is good to repress the
jaundice in a speedy manner. The leaves i milk in women's breasts, and for such as

118
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
have swollen, flagging, or great breasts. {túrn to its place, the decoction being gar-
Applied with salt, it helps the biting of a gled and held in the mouth.
mad dog; with mead and honeyed water, The virtues of the Wild or Horse Mint,
it eases the pains of the ears, and takes { such as grow in ditches (whose description
away the roughness of the tongue, being I purposely omitted, in regard they are
rubbed thereupon. It suffers not milk to well known) are serviceable to disso.ve wind
curdle in the stomach, if the leaves thereof in the stomach, to help the cholic, and those
be steeped or boiled in it before you drink { that are short-winded, and are an especial
it. Briefly it is very profitable to the remedy for those that have veneral dreams
stomach. The often use hereof is a very and pollutions in the night, being outwardly
powerful medicine to stay women's courses applied. The juice dropped into the ears
and the whites. Applied to the forehead eases the pains of them, and destroys the
and temples, it eases the pains in the head, worms that breed therein. They are good
and is good to wash the heads of young against the venemous biting of serpents.
children therewith, against all manner of The juice laid on warm, helps the king's
breakings-out, soreš or scabs, therein. It evil, or kernels in the throat. The decoction
is also profitable against the poison of ve- or distilled water helps a stinking breath,
nomous creatures. The distilled water of proceeding from corruption of the teeth,
Mint is available to all the purposes afore- and snuffed up the nose, purges the head.
said, yet more weakly. But if a spirit Pliny saith, that eating of the leaves hath
thereof be rightly and chymically drawn, been found by experience to cure the
it is much more powerful than the herb ſ leprosy, applying some of them to the face,
itself. Simeon Sethi saith, it helps a cold and to help the scurf or dandriff of the
liver, strengthens the belly, causes digestion, head used with vinegar. They are extremely
stays vomits and hiccough; it is good bad for wounded people ; and they say a
against the gnawing of the heart, provokes wounded man that eats Mint, his wound
appetite, takes away obstructions of the will never be cured, and that is a long day.
liver, and stirs up bodily lust; but therefore
too much must not be taken, because it
makes the blood thin and wheyish, and
turns it into choler, and therefore choleric Descript.] This rises up from the branch
persons must abstain from it. It is a safe or arm of the tree whereon it
with
medicine for the biting of a mad dog, being a woody stem, putting itself into sundry
bruised with salt and laid thereon. The branches, and they again divided into many
powder of it being dried and taken after other smaller twigs, interlacing themselves
meat, helps digestion, and those that are one within another, very much covered
splenetic. Taken with wine, it helps women with a greyish green bark, having two leaves
in their sore travail in child-bearing. It is set at every joint, and at the end likewise,
good against the gravel and stone in the which are somewhat long and narrow, small
kidneys, and the stranguary. Being at the bottom, but broader towards the end.
smelled unto, it is comfortable for the head At the knots or joints of the boughs and
and memory. The decoction hereof gar- branches grow'small yellow flowers, which
gled in the mouth, cures the gums and į run into small, round, white, transparent
mouth that are sore, and mends an ill- berries, three or four together, full of a
• savoured breath; as also the Rue and Cori- glutinous moisture, with a blackish seed in
ander, causes the palate of the mouth to each of them, which was never yet known
grows,
MISSELTO.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
119
MONEYWORT, OR HERB TWOPENCE
its own.
to spring, being put into the ground, or any wine lees be added thereunto, it works the
where else to grow.
stronger. The Misselto itself of the oak
Place.] It grows very rarely on oaks (as the best) made into powder, and given
with us; but upon sundry other, as well { in drink to those that have the falling sick-
timber as fruit trees, plentifully in woody {ness, does assuredly heal them, as Matthi-
groves, and the like, through all this land. olus saith: but it is fit to use it for forty
Time.] It flowers in the Spring-time, days together. Some have so highly es-
but the berries are not ripe until October, teemed it for the virtues thereof, that they
and abides on the branches all the Winter, have called it Lignum Sanctie Crucis, Wood
unless the blackbirds, and other birds, do of the Holy Cross, believing it helps the
devour them.
falling sickness, apoplexy and palsy very
Government and virtues.] This is under speedily, not only to be inwardly taken, but
the dominion of the Sun, I do not question; to be hung at their neck. Tragus saith,
and can also take for granted, that which that the fresh wood of any Misselto bruised,
grows upon oaks, participates something of and the juice drawn forth and dropped in
the nature of Jupiter, because an oak is one the ears that have imposthumes in them,
of his trees; as also that which grows upon doth help and ease them within a few days.
pear trees, and apple trees, participates
ĐT: SEO
something of his nature, because he rules
the tree it grows upon, having no root of} Descript.] The common Moneywort
But why that should have most sends forth from a small thready root divers
virtues that grows upon oaks I know not, long, weak, and slender branches, lying and
unless because it is rarest and hardest to running upon the ground two or three feet
come by; and our college's opinion is in long or more, set with leaves two at a joint
this contrary to scripture, which saith, Godsone against another at equal distances,
tender mercies are over all his works ; and so which are almost round, but pointed at the
it is, let the college of physicians walk as ends, smooth, and of a good green colour.
contrary to him as they please, and that is } At the joints with the leaves from the middle
as contrary as the east to the west. Clusius į forward come forth at every point some-
affirms that which grows upon pear trees to times one yellow flower, and sometimes
be as prevalent, and gives order, that it {two, standing each on a small foot-stalk,
should not touch the ground after it is and made of five leaves, narrow-pointed at
gathered ; and also saith, that, being hung the end, with some yellow threads in the
about the neck, it remedies witchcraft. { middle, which being past, there stand in
Both the leaves and berries of Misselto do their places small round heads of seed.
heat and dry, and are of subtle parts; the Place.] It grows plentifully in almost
birdlime doth molify hard knots, tumours, all places of this land, commonly in moist
and imposthumes; ripens and discusses grounds by hedge-sides, and in the middle
them, and draws forth thick as well as thin of grassy fields. oue enris ortoe is
humours from the remote parts of the body, Time.] They flower in June and July,
digesting and separating them. And being and their seed is ripe quickly after. i acolo
mixed with equal parts of rozin and wax,
Government and virtues.] Venus owns it.
doth molify the hardness of the spleen, and Moneywort is singularly good to stay all
helps old ulcers and sores. Being mixed fluxes in man or woman, whether they be
with Sandaric and Orpiment, it helps to lasks, bloody-fluxes, bleeding inwardly or
draw off foul nails; and if quick-lime and Soutwardly, or the weakness of the stomach
(11, 12.)
I I

120
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
MOONWORT.
that is given to casting. It is very good } and May; for in June, when any hot
also for the ulcers or excoriations of the weather comes, for the most part it is
lungs, or other inward parts. It is exceed-withered and gone.
ingly good for all wounds, either fresh or Government and virtues.] The Moon owns
green, to heal them speedily, and for all the herb. Moonwort is cold and drying
old ulcers that are of spreading natures. more than Adder's Tongue, and is therefore
For all which purposes the juice of the held to be more available for all wounds
herb, or the powder drank in water where- } both inward and outward. The leaves
in hot steel hath been often quenched ; or boiled in red wine, and drank, stay the
the decoction of the green herb in wine or immoderate flux of women's courses, and
water drank, or used to the outward place, the whites. It also stays bleeding, vomit-
to wash or bathe them, or to have tentsing, and other fluxes. It helps all blows
dipped therein and put into them, are ef- and bruises, and to consolidate all frac-
fectual.
tures and dislocations. It is good for rup-
ştures, but is chiefly used, by most with
other herbs, to make oils or balsams to heal
Descript.] It rises up usually but with fresh or green wounds (as I said before)
one dark green, thick and flat . leaf, stand- either inward or outward, for which it is
ing upon a short foot-stalk not above two excellently good.
fingers breadth ; but when it flowers it may Moonwort is an herb which (they say)
be said to bear a small slender stalk about { will open locks, and unshoe such horses as
four or five inches high, having but one į tread upon it: This some laugh to scorn,
leaf in the middle thereof, which is much and those no small fools neither; but coun-
divided on both sides into sometimes five { try people, that I know, call it Unshoe the
or seven parts on a side, sometimes more ; } Horse. Besides I have heard commanders
each of which parts is small like the middle say, that on White Down in Devonshire,
rib, but broad forwards, pointed and round, near Tiverton, there were found thirty
resembling therein a half-moon, from whence horse shoes, pulled off from the feet of the
it took the name; the uppermost parts or Earl of Essex's horses, being there drawn
divisions being bigger than the lowest. { up in a body, many of them being but
The stalks rise above this leaf two or three newly shod, and 'no reason known, which
inches, bearing many branches of small caused much admiration : the herb des-
long tongues, every one like the spiky headcribed usually grows upon heaths.
of the adder's tongue, of a brownish colour,
(which, whether I shall call them flowers, or
the seed, I well know not) which, after they I SHALL not trouble the reader with
have continued awhile, resolve into a mealy {a description of these, since my intent is to
dust. The root is small and fibrous. This speak only of two kinds, as the most prin-
hath sometimes divers such like leaves as cipal, viz. Ground Moss and Tree Moss,
are before described, with so many branches } both which are very well known.
or tops rising from one stalk, each divided Place.] The Ground Moss grows in our
from the other.
moist woods, and at the bottom of hills, in
Place.] It grows on hills and heaths, boggy grounds, and in shadowy ditches,
yet where there is much grass, for therein and many other such like places. The Tree
it delights to grow.
Moss grows only on trees.
Tinne.] It is to be found only in April Government and virtues.] All sorts of
و
MOSSES.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
121
Mosses are under the dominion of Saturn. { every joint, which are somewhat broad' anh
The Ground Moss is held to be singularly { long, as if it were rough or crumpled, witd
good to break the stone, and to expel and many greats veins therein of a sad green
drive it forth by urine, being boiled in wine colour, and deeply dented about the edges,
and drank. The herb being bruised and \and almost divided. From the middle of
boiled in water, and applied, eases all in the branches up to the tops of them (which
flammations and pains coming from an hot are long and small) grow the flowers round
cause; and is therefore used to ease the them at distances, in sharp pointed, rough,
pains of the gout.
hard husks, of a more red or purple colour
The Tree Mosses are cooling and binding, than Balm or Horehound, but in the same
and partake of a digesting and molifying manner or form as the Horehound, after
quality withal, as Galen saith. But each } which come small, round, blackish seeds in
Moss partakes of the nature of the tree great plenty. The root sends forth a num-
from whence it is taken ; therefore that of} ber of long strings and small fibres, taking
the oak is more binding, and is of good effect strong hold in the ground, of a dark yellow-
to stay fluxes in man or woman; as also {ish or brownish colour, and abides as the
vomiting or bleeding, the powder thereof Horehound does: the smell of the one not
being taken in wine. The decoction there-much differs from the other.
of in wine is very good for women to be Place.] It grows only in gardens with us
bathed in, that are troubled with the over- } in England.
flowing of their courses. The same being Government and virtues.] Venus owns the
drank, stays the stomach that is troubled herb, and it is under Leo. There is no better
with casting, or hiccough; and, as Avicena herh to take melancholy vapours from the
saith, it comforts the heart. The powder heart, to strengthen it, and make a merry,
thereof taken in drink for some time chearful
, blithe soul than this herb. It may
together, is thought available for the dropsy. be kept in a syrup or conserve; therefore
The oil that has had fresh Moss steeped the Latins called it Cardiaca. Besides, it
therein for a time, and afterwards boiled {makes women joyful mothers of children,
and applied to the temples and forehead, and settles their wombs as they should be,
marvellously eases the head-ache com- therefore we call it Motherwort. It is held
ing of a hot cause; as also the distillations to be of much use for the trembling of the
of hot rheums or humours in the eyes, or heart, and faintings and swoonings; from
other parts. The ancients much used it in whence it took the name Cardiaca. The
their ointments and other medicines against { powder thereof, to the quantity of a spoon-
the lassitude, and to strengthen and com-ful, drank in wine, is a wonderful help to
fort the sinews: For which, if it was good women in their sore travail, as also for the
then, I know no reason but it may be found suffocating or risings of the mother, and for
so still.
these effects, it is likely it took the name of
Motherwort with us. It also provokes
urine and women's courses, cleanses the
chest of cold phlegm, oppressing it, kills
Descript.] This hath a hard, square, worms in the belly. It is of good use to
brownish, rough, strong stalk, rising three warm and dry up the cold humours, to
or four feet high at least, spreading into digest and disperse them that are settled
many branches, whereon grow leaves on in the veins, joints, and sinews of the body,
each side, with long foot-stalks, two at and to help cramps and convulsions.us
MOTHERWORT.

122
CKD THE COMPLETE HERBAL GMA
MOUSE-EAR.
stays the fluxes of blood, either at the mouth
or nose, and inward bleeding also, for it is
Descript.] MOUSE-EAR is a low herb, a singular wound herb for wounds both in-
creeping upon the ground by small strings, ward and outward: It helps the bloody
like the Strawberry plant, whereby it shoots { flux, and helps the abundance of women's
forth small roots, whereat grow, upon the courses. There is a syrup made of the
ground, many small and somewhat short juice hereof and sugar, by the apothecaries
leaves, set in a round form together, and of Italy, and other places, which is of much
very hairy, which, being broken, do give a {account with them, to be given to those
whitish milk: From among these leaves that are troubled with the cough or phthisic.
spring up two or three small hoary stalks The same also is singularly good for rup-
about a span high, with a few smaller leaves tures or burstings. The green herb bruised
thereon ; at the tops whereof stands usually and presently bound to any cut or wound,
but one flower, consisting of many pale yel- doth quickly solder the lips thereof. And
low leaves, broad at the point, and a little the juice, decoction, or powder of the dried
dented in, set in three or four rows (the herb is most singular to stay the malignity
greater uppermost) very like a Dandelion of spreading and fretting cankers and ulcers
flower, and a little reddish underneath about whatsoever, yea in the mouth and secret
the edges, especially if it grow in a dry parts. The distilled water of the plant is
ground'; which after they have stood long available in all the diseases aforesaid, and
in flower do turn into down, which with the to wash outward wounds and sores, by
seed is carried away with the wind. applying tents of cloths wet therein.
Place.] It grows on ditch banks, and
sometimes in ditches, if they be dry, and in
sandy grounds.
Descript.] COMMON Mugwort hath
Time.] It flowers about June or' July, divers leaves lying upon the ground, very
and abides green all the Winter.
much divided, or cut deeply in about the
Government and virtues.] The Moon owns brims, somewhat like Wormwood, but much
this herb also ; and though authors cry out larger, of a dark green colour on the upper
upon Alchymists, for attempting to fix side, and very hoary white underneath.
quicksilver by this herb and Moonworl, aș The stalks rise to be four or five feet high,
Roman would not have judged a thing by having on it such like leaves as those below,
the success ; if it be to be fixed at all, it is but somewhat smaller, branching forth
by lunar influence. The juice thereof very much towards the top, whereon are
taken in wine, or the decoction thereof set very small, pale, yellowish flowers like
drank, doth help the jaundice, althcugh of} buttons, which fall away, and after them
long continuance, to drink thereof morn-come small seeds inclosed in round heads
ing and evening, and abstain from other {The root is long and hard, with many small
drink two or three hours after. It is a fibres growing from it, whereby it takes
special remedy against the stone, and the strong hold on the ground; but both stalks
tormenting pains thereof: as also other tor- and leaves do lie down every year, and the
tures and griping pains of the bowels. The root shoots anew in the Spring. The whole
decoction thereof with Succory and Cen- plant is of a reasonable scent, and is more
taury is held very effectual to help the easily propagated by the slips than the
dropsy, and them that are inclining there- seed.
od vas
unto, and the diseases of the spleen. It Place.] It grows plentifully in many
MUGWORT.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED,
123
places of this land, by the water-sides ; as the body, and the unripe binding it, es-
also by small water courses, and in divers pecially when they are dried, and then they
other places.
are good to stay fluxes, lasks, and the abun-
Time.] It flowers and seeds in the end dance of women's courses. The bark of
of Summer.
the root kills the broad worms in the body.
Government and virtues.] This is an herb The juice, or the syrup made of the juice of
of Venus, therefore maintains the parts of the berries, helps all inflammations or sores
the body she rules, remedies the diseases of in the mouth, or throat, and palate of
the parts that are under her signs, Taurus { the mouth when it is fallen down. The
and Libra. Mugwort is with good success juice of the leaves is a remedy against the
put among other herbs that are boiled for biting of serpents, and for those that have
women to apply the hot decoction to draw {taken aconite. The leaves beaten with
lown their courses, to help the delivery of vinegar, are good to lay on any place that
the birth, and expel the after-birth. As is burnt with fire. A decoction made of
also for the obstructions and inflammations the bark and leaves is good to wash the
of the mother. It breaks the stone, and mouth and teeth when they ache. f the
opens the urinary passages where they root be a little slit or cut, and a small hole
are stopped. The juice thereof made up made in the ground next thereunto, in the
with Myrrh, and put under as a pessary, Harvest-time, it will give out a certaja
works the same effects, and so does the juice, which being hardened the next day,
root also. Being made up with hog's is of good use to help the tooth-ache, to
grease into an ointment, it takes away wens dissolve knots, and purge the belly. The
and hard knots and kernels that grow about leaves of Mulberries are said to stay bleed-
the neck and throat, and cases the pains ing at the mouth or nose, or the bleeding of
about the neck more effectually, if some the piles, or of a wound, being bound unto
Field Daisies be put with it. The herb itself} the places. A branch of the tree taken
being fresh, or the juice thereof taken, is a when the moon is at the full, and bound to
special remedy upon the overmuch taking the wrists of a woman's arm, whose courses
of opium. Three drams of the powder of come down too much, doth stay them in a
the dried leaves taken in wine, is a speedy short space.
and the best certain help for the sciatica.
A decoction thereof made with Camginile
and Agrimony, and the place bathed there- Descript.] COMMON White Mullein has
with while it is warm, takes away the pains { many fair, large, woolly white leaves, lying
of the sinews, and the cramp.
next the ground, somewhat larger than
broad, pointed at the end, and as it were
dented about the edges. The stalk rises
This is so well known where it grows, { up to be four or five feet high, covered over
that it needs no description.
with such like leaves, but less, so that no
Time.] It bears fruit in the months of į stalk can be seen for the multitude of leaves
July and August.
thereon up to the flowers, which come foreh
Government and virtues.] Mercury rules on all sides of the stalk, withoutany branches
the tree, therefore are its effects variable for the most part, and are many set together
as his are. The Mulberry is of different in a long spike, in some of a yellow colour,
parts ; the ripe berries, by reason of their in others more pale, consisting of five round
sweetness and slippery moisture, opening pointed leaves, which afterwards have small
(13, 14.)
MULLEIN.
THE MULBERRY-TREE.
K K

124
THE COMPLETE HERBAL OTA
MUSTARD.
round heads, wherein is small brownish and heal them also. The leaves bruised
seed contained. The rool is long, white, and wrapped in double papers, and covered
and woody, perishing after it hath borne with hot ashes and embers to bake a while,
seed.
and then taken forth and laid warm on any
Place.] It grows by way-sides and lanes, blotch or boil happening in the groin or
in many places of this land.
share, doth dissolve and heal them. The
Time.] It flowers in July or thereabouts. seed bruised and boiled in wine, and laid
Government and virtues.] It is under the on any member that has been out of joint,
dominion of Saturn. A small quantity of and newly set again, takes away all swel-
the root given in wine, is commended by {ling and pain thereof.
Dioscorides, against lasks and fluxes of the
belly. The decoction hereof drank, is pró-
fitable for those that are bursten, and for Descript.] Our common Mustard hath
cramps and convulsions, and for those that large and broad rough leaves, very much
are troubled with an old cough. The de-jagged with uneven and unorderly gashes,
coction thereof gargled, eases the pains of somewhat like turnip leaves, but less and
the tooth-ache. And the oil made by the rougher. The stalk rises to be more than
often infusion of the flowers, is of very good a foot high, and sometimes two feet high,
effect forfihe piles. The decoction of the being round, rough, and branched at the
root in red wine or in water, (if there be š top, bearing such like leaves thereon as
arr ague) wherein red hot steel hath been į grow helow, but lesser, and less divided,
often quenched, doth stay the bloody-flux, and divers yellow flowers one above another
The same also opens obstructions of the at the tops, after which come small rough
bladder and reins. A decoction of the pods, with small, lank, flat ends, wherein
leaves hereof, and of Sage, Marjoram, and is contained round yellowish seed, sharp,
Camomile flowers, and the places bathed hot, and biting upon the tongue. The root
therewith, that have sinews stiff with cold is small, long, and woody when it bears
or crainps, doth bring them much ease and stalks, and perishes every year.
comfort. Three ounces of the distilled Place.] This grows with us in gardens
water of the flowers drank morning and only, and other manured places.
evening for some days together, is said to be Time.] It is an annual plant, flowering
the most excellent remedy for the gout. in July, and the seed is ripe in August.
The juice of the leaves and flowers being Government and virtues.] It is an excel-
laid upon rough warts, as also the powder { lent sauce for such whose blood wants clari-
of the dried roots rubbed on, doth easily fying, and for weak stomachs, being an
take them away, but doth no good to herb of Mars, but naught for choleric
smooth warts. The powder of the dried people, though as good for such as are
flowers is an especial remedy for those that laged, or troubled with cold diseases." Aries
are troubled with the belly-ache, or the claims something to do with it, therefore it
pains of the cholic. The decoction of the strengthens the heart, and resists poison
root, and so likewise of the leaves, is of Let such whose stomachs are so weak they
great effect to dissolve the tumours, swel- cannot digest their meat, or appetite it, take
lings, or inflammations of the throat. The of Mustard-seed a drain, Cinnamon as much,
seed and leaves boiled in wine, and ap- and having beaten them to powder, and
plied, draw forth speedily thorns or splin- half as much Mastich in powder, and with
ters gotten into the lesh, ease the pains, įgum Arabic dissolved in rose-water, make

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
125
THE HEDGE-MUSTARD.
it up into troches, of which they may take | The seed bruised mixed with honey, and
one of about half a dram weight an hour or applied, or made up with wax, takes away
two before meals; let old men and women the marks and black and blue spots of
make much of this medicine, and they will bruises, or the like, the roughness or scab-
either give me thanks, or shew manifest {biness of the skin, as also the leprosy, and
ingratitude. Mustard seed hath the virtue lousy evil. It helps also the crick in the
of heat, discussing, ratifying, and drawing neck. The distilled water of the herb, when
out splinters of bones, and other things of it is in the flower, is much used to drink
the flesh. It is of good effect to bring inwardly to help in any of the diseases
sown women's courses, for the falling-sick- è aforesaid, or to wash the mouth when the
ness or lethargy, drowsy forgetful evil, to palate is down, and for the disease of the
use it both inwardly and outwardly, to rub throat to gargle, but outwardly also for
the nostrils, forehead and temples, to warm scabs, itch, or other the like infirmities, and
and quicken the spirits; for by the fierce cleanses the face from morphew, spots,
sharpness it purges the brain by sneezing, freckles, and other deformities.
and drawing down rheum and other vis-
cous humours, which by their distillations 6
upon the lungs and chest, procure coughing,
and therefore, with some, honey added Descript.] This grows up usually but
thereto, doth much good therein. The de- with one blackish green stalk, tough, easy
coction of the seed made in wine, and {to bend, but not to break, branched into
drank, provokes urine, resists the force of divers parts, and sometimes with divers
poison, the malignity of mushrooms, and stalks, set full of branches, whereon grow
venon of scorpions, or other venomous ; long, rough, or hard rugged leaves, very
creatures, if it be taken in time; and taken much tore or cut on the edges in many
before the cold fits of agues, alters, lessens, parts, some bigger, and some less, of a
and cures them. The sred taken either by dirty green colour. The flowers are small
itself, or with other things, either in an elec- and yellow, that grow on the tops of the
tuary or drink, doth mightily stir up bodily branches in long spikes, flowering by de-
lust, and helps the spleen and pains in the grees; so that continuing long in flower,
sides, and gnawings in the bowels; and the stalk will have small round cods at the
used as a gargle draws up the palate of the hottom, growing upright and close to the
mouth, being fallen down; and also it dis- stalk, while the top flowers yet shew them-
solves the swellings about the throat, if it selves, in which are contained small yellow
be outwardly applied. Being chewed in seed, sharp and strong, as the herb is also.
the mouth it oftentimes helps the tooth-ache. The root grows down slender and woody,
The outward application hereof upon the yet abiding and springing again every
pained place of the sciatica, discusses the year.
humours, and eases the pains, as also the . Place.] This grows frequently in this
gout, and other joint, aches; and is much land, by the ways and hedge-sides, and
and often used to ease pains in the sides or sometimes in the open fields.
loins, the shoulder, or other parts of the Time.] It flowers most usually about
body, upon the plying thereof to raise July.
blisters, and cures the disease by drawing Government and virtues.] Mars owns this
it to the outward parts of the body. It is herb also. It is singularly good in all the
also used to help the falling off the hair. { diseases of the chest and lungs, hoarseness

126
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
NEP, OR CATMINT.
of voice: and by the use of the decoction
thereof for a little space, those have been
recovered who had utterly lost their voice,
and almost their spirits also. The juice Descript.] COMMON Garden Nep shoots
thereof made into a syrup, or licking medi- { forth hard four-square stalks, with a hoari-
cine, with honey or sugar, is no less effec-ness on them, a yard high or more, full of
tual for the same purpose, and for all other branches, bearing at every joint two broad
coughs, wheezing, and shortness of breath. leaves like balm, but longer pointed, softer,
The same is also profitable for those that { white, and more hoary, nicked about the
have the jaundice, pleurisy, pains in the edges, and of a strong sweet scent. The
back and loins, and for torments in the flowers grow in large tufts at the tops of the
belly, or cholic, being also used in clysters. } branches, and underneath them likewise on
The seed is held to be a special remedy the stalks many together, of a whitish pur-
against poison and venom. It is singularly ple colour. The roots are composed of
good for the sciatica, and in joint-aches, many long strings or fibres, fastening them-
ulcers, and cankers in the mouth, throat, or selves stronger in the ground, and abide
behind the ears, and no less for the hard- with green leaves thereon all the winter.
ness, and swelling of the testicles, or of Place.] It is only nursed up in our
women's breasts.
gardens notre
Time.]. And it flowers in July, or there-
NAILWORT, OR WHITLOW-GRASS. abouts.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
Descript.]Tuis very small and common Venus. Nep is generally used for women
herh hath no roots, save only a few strings: to procure their courses, being taken in-
neither doth it ever grow to be above a wardly or outwardly, either alone, or with
hand's breadth high, the leaves are very other convenient herbs in a decoction to
small, and something long, not much unlike bathe them, or sit over the hot fumes there-
those of Chickweed, among which rise up of; and by the frequent use thereof, it takes
diverș slender stalks, bearing many white away barrenness, and the wind, and pains
flowers one above another, which are ex- of the mother. It is also used in pains of
ceeding small; after which come small the head coming of any cold cause, catarrhs,
Hat pouches containing the seed, which is rheums, and for swimming and giddiness
very small, but of a sharp taste.
thereof, and is of special use for the wind-
Place.] It grows commonly upon old {iness of the stomach and belly. It is ef-
stone and brick walls, and sometimes in / fectual for any cramp, or cold aches, to dis-
gravelly grounds, especially if there be solve cold and wind that afflict the place,
grass or moss near to shadow it.
and is used for colds, coughs, and short-
Time.] They flower very early in the ness of breath. The juice thereof drank
year, sometimes in January, and in in wine, is profitable for those that are -
February ; for before the end of April they bruised by an accident. The green herb
are not to be found.
bruised and applied to the fundament, and
Government and virtues.] It is held to be lying there two or three hours, cases the
exceedingly good for those imposthumes in pains of the piles; the juice also being made
the joints, and under the nails, which they up into an ointment, is effectual for the
call Whitlows, Felons, Andieorns and Nail-same purpose. The head washed with a
wheals.
decoction thereof, it takes away scabs,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
127
NETTLES.
and may be effectual for other parts of the together, stays bleeding at the mouth. The
body also.
seed being drank, is a remedy against the
Zo hot stinging of venomous creatures, the biting
of mad dogs, the poisonous qualities of
Hemlock, Henbane, Nightshade, Mandrake,
Nettles are so well known, that they or other such like herbs that stupify or dull
need no description ; they may be found } the senses; as also the lethargy, especially
by feeling, in the darkest night.
to use it outwardly, to rub the forehead or
Government and virtues.] This is also temples in the lethargy, and the places
an herb Mars claims dominion over. You stung or bitten with beasts, with a little salt.
know Mars is hot and dry, and you know The distilled water of the herb is also effec-
as well that Winter is cold and moist ; then tual (though not so powerful) for the dis-
you may know as well the reason why į eases aforeşaid ; as for outward wounds
Nettle-tops eaten in the Spring consume and sores to wash them, and to cleanse the
the phlegmatic superfluilies in the body or skin from morphew, leprosy, and other
man, that the coldness and moistness of discolourings thereof. The seed or leaves
Winter hath left behind. The roots or bruised, and put into the nostrils, stays- the
leaves boiled, or the juice of either of them, į bleeding of them, and takes away the flesh
or both made into an electuary with honey i growing in them called polypus. The juice
and sugar, is a safe and sure medicine to of the leaves, or the decoction of them, or
open the pipes and passages of the lungs, į of the root, is singularly good to wash either
which is the cause of wheezing and short- old, rotten, or stinking sores or fistulous,
ness of breath, and helps to expectorate and gangrenes, and such as fretting, eating,
tough phlegm, as also to raise the impost- į or corroding scabs, manginess, and itch,
humed pleurisy; and spend it by spitting; in any part of the body; as also green
the same helps the swelling of the alınonds wounds, by washing them therewith, or ap-
of the throat, the mouth and throat being plying the green herb bruised therelato,
gargled therewith. The juice is also effec- 1 yea, although the flesh were separated from
tual to settle the palate of the mouth in its the bones; the same applied to our wearied
place, and to heal and temper the inflam-members, refresh them, or to place those
mations and soreness of the mouth and that have been out of joint, being first set
throat. The decoction of the leaves in up again, strengthens, dries, and comforts
wine, being drank, is singularly good to pro- them, as also those places troubled with
voke women's courses, and settle the suf-{aches and gouts, and the defluxion of
focation, strangling of the mother, and all i humours upon the joints or sinews; it eases
other diseases thereof; it is also applied out the pains, and dries or dissolves the defluc-
wardly with a little myrrh. The same also, tions. An ointment made of the juice,
or the seed provokes urine, and expels the oil, and a little wax, is singularly good to
gravel and stone in the reins or bladder, rub cold and benumbed members. An
often proved to be effectual in many thats handful of the leaves of green Nettles, and
have taken it. The same kills the wornis another of Wallwort, or Deanwort, bruised
in children, eases pains in the sides, and {and applied simply themselves to the gout,
dissolves the windiness in the spleen, as sciatica, or joint aches in any part, hath
also in the body, although others think it been found to be an admirable help there-
only powerful to provoke venery. The unto.
juice of the leaves taken two or three days
(13, 14.)
I li

128
ITA THE COMPLETE HERBAL UTA
NIGHTSH ADE,
THE OAK.
mouth and throat that is inflamed : But
outwardly the juice of the herb or berries,
Descript.] COMMON Nightshade hath with oil of roses and a little vinegar and
an upright, round green, hollow stalk, about ceruse laboured together in a leaden mortar,
a foot or half a yard high, bushing forth in is very good to anoint all hot inflammations
many branches, whereon grow many green in the eyes. It also doth much good for
leaves, somewhat broad, and pointed at the the shingles, ringworms, and in all running,
ends, soft and full of juice, soinewhat like fretting and corroding ulcers, applied
tinto Bazil, but longer and a little unevenly {thereunto. The juice dropped into the
dented about the edges: At the tops of the ears, eases pains thereof that arise of heat
stalks and branches come forth three or or inflammations. And Pliny saith, it is
four more white flowers made of five small good for hot swellings under the throat.
pointed leaves a-piece, standing on a stalk | Have a care you mistake not the deadly
together, one above another, with yellow Nightshade for this; if you know it not,
pointels in the middle, composed of four or you may let them both alone, and take no
five yellow threads set together, which af-harmı, having other medicines sufficient in
terwards run into so many pendulous green the book.
berries, of the bigness of small pease, full of
green juice, and small whitish round flat į
seed lying within it. The root is white, It is so well known (the timber thereof
and a little woody when it hath given flower being the glory and safety of this nation
and fruit, with many small fibres at it; by sea) that it needs no description.
The whole plant is of a waterish insipid Government and virtues.] Jupiter owns
taste, but the juice within the berries is į the tree. The leaves and bark of the Oak,
somewhat viscous, and of a cooling and and the acorn cups, do bind and dry very
binding quality.
much. The inner bark of the tree, and
Place.] It grows wild with us under our the thin skin that covers the acorn, are
walls, and in rubbish, the common paths, most used to stay the spitting of blood, and
and sides of hedges and fields, as also in the bloody-flux. The decoction of that
our gardens here in England, without any bark, and the powder of the cups, do stay
planting
vomitings, spitting of blood, bleeding at
Time.] It lies down every year, and the mouth, or other fluxes of blood, in
rises up again of its own sowing, but springs men or women; lasks also, and the noctur-
not until the latter end of April at the nal involuntary flux of men. The acorn in
powder taken in wine, provokes urine, and
Government and virtues.] It is a cold resists the poison of venomous creatures.
Saturnine plant. The common Night- The decoction of acorns and the bark made
shade is wholly used to cool hot inflam- in milk and taken, resists the force of poi-
mations either inwardly or outwardly, sonous herbs and medicines, as also the
being no ways dangerous to any that use it, virulency of cantharides, when one by eating
as most of the rest of the Nightshades are ; įthem hath his bladder exulcerated, and
yet it must be used moderately. The dis- voids bloody urine. Hippocrates saith, he
tilled water only of the whole herb is fittest { used the fumes of Oak leaves to women that
and safest to be taken inwardly: The juice were troubled with the strangling of the
also clarified and taken, being mingled mother; and Galen applied them, being
with a little vinegar, is good to wash the bruised, to cure green wounds. The dis-
soonest.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
(129
women.
tilled water of the Oaken bud, before they the upper crust of the earth, shooting forth
break out into leaves is good to be used in divers places.
either inwardly or outwardly, to assuage Place.] It grows in moist, shadowy,
inflammations, and to stop all manner ofị and grassy places of woods, in many parts
fluxes in man or woman. The same is of this land.
singularly good in pestilential and hot Time.] It flowers about May, and the
burning fevers; for it- resists the force of berries are ripe in June, and then quickly
the infection, and allays the heat : It cools perishes, until the next year it springs from
the heat of the liver, breaking the stone in the same root again.
the kidneys, and stays women's courses. Government and virtues.] It is a precious
The decoction of the leaves works the same herb of the Sun. Half a dram, or a dram
effects. The water that is found in the at most, in powder of the roots hereof taken
hollow płaces of old Oaks, is very effectual in wine and vinegar, of each equal parts,
against any foul or spreading scabs. The and the party laid presently to sweat there-
distilled water (or concoction, which is upon, is held to be a sovereign remedy for
better) of the leaves, is one of the best { those that are infected with the plague, and
remedies that I know of for the whites in į have a sore upon them, by expelling the
poison and infection, and defending the
heart and spirits from danger. It is a sin-
i OATS,
gularly good wound herb, and is thereupon
ARE so well known that they need no used with other the like effects in many
description.
compound balms for curing of wounds, be
Government and virtues.] Oats fried with they fresh and green, or old and malignant,
bay salt, and applied to the sides, take and especially if the sinews be burnt,
away the pains of stitches and wind in the
sides or the belly. A poultice made of
meal of Oats, and some oil of Bays put
thereunto, helps the itch and the leprosy, It has almost as many several names
as also the fistulas of the fundament, and attributed to the several sorts of it, as would
dissolves hard imposthumes. The meal of almost fill a sheet of paper; as dog-stones,
Oats boiled with vinegar, and applied, } goat-stones, fool-stones, fox-stones, satiri-
takes away freckles and spots in the face, con, cullians, together with many others too
and other parts of the body.
tedious to rehearse.
Descript.] To describe all the several
sorts of it were an endless piece of work ;
Descript.] This small plant never bears therefore I shall only describe the roots,
more than one leaf, but only when it rises because they are to be used with some dis-
up with his stalk, which thereon bears cretion. They have each of them a double
another, and seldom more, which are of a root within, some of them are round, in
blueish green colour, pointed, with many others like a hand; these roots alter every
ribs or veins therein, like Plantain. At the year by course, when the one rises and
top of the stalk grow many small white waxes full, theother waxes lank, and perishes.
flowers, star fashion, smelling somewhat } Now, it is that which is full which is to be
sweet; after which come small red berries, used in medicines, the other being either of
when they are ripe. The root is small, of the į no use at all, or else, according to the
bigness of a rush, lying and creeping under humour of some, it destroys and disannuls
ORCHIS.
ONE BLADE.

130
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the virtues of the other, quite undoing what the place with good treacle, and after to
that doth.
roast it well under the embers, which, after
Time.] One or other of them may be taking away the outermost skin thereof,
found in flower from the beginning of April į being beaten together, is a sovereign salve
to the latter end of August.
for either plague or sore, or any other
Government and virtues.] They are hot putrefied ulcer. The juice of Onions is
and moist in operation, under the dominion good for either scalding or burning by fire,
of Dame Venus, and provoke lust exceed- water, or gunpowder, and used with vine-
ingly, which, they say, the dried and gar, takes away all blemishes, spots and
withered roots do restrain. They are held { marks in the skin: and dropped in the
to kill worms in children; as also, being ears, eases the pains and noise of them.
bruised and applied to the place, to heal Applied also with figs beaten together, helps
the king's evil.
to ripen and break imposthumes, and other
sores,
ONIONS.
ORPINE.
Leeks are as like them in quality, as the
They are so well known, that I need not pome-water is like an apple: They are a
spend time about writing a description of} remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms,
them.
being baked under the embers and taken;
Government and virtues.] Mars owns and being boiled and applied very warm,
them, and they have gotten this quality, to help the piles. In other things they have
draw any corruption to them, for if you the same property as the Onions, although
peel one, and lay it upon a dunghill, you not so effectual.
shall find it rotten in half a day, by drawing
putrefaction to it; then, being bruised and
applied to a plague sore, it is very probable Descript.] COMMON Orpine rises up
it will do the like. Onions are flatulent, or with divers rough brittle stalks, thick set
windy; yet they do somewhat provoke with fat and fleshy leaves, without any
appetite, increase thirst, ease the belly and order, and little or nothing dented about
bowels, provoke women's courses, help the the edges, of a green colour: The flowers
biting of a mad dog, and of other venomous are white, or whitish, growing in tufts, after
creatures, to be used with honey and rue, which come small chaffy husks, with seeds
increase sperm, especially the seed of them. like dust in them. The roots are divers
They also kill worms in children if they { thick, round, white tuberous clogs; and the
drink the water fasting wherein they have plant grows not so big in some places as in
been steeped all night. Being roasted others where it is found.
under the embers, and eaten with honey or Place.] It is frequent in almost every
sugar and oil, they much conduce to help county of this land, and is cherished in
an inveterate cough, and expectorate the į gardens with us, where it grows greater than
tough phlegm. The juice being snuffed that which is wild, and grows in shadowy
up into the nostrils, purges the head, and sides of fields and woods.
helps the lethargy, (yet the often eating Time.] It flowers about July, and the
them is said to procure pains in the head.) seed is ripe in August.
It hath been held by divers country people Government and virtues.] The Moon
a great preservative against infection, to eat i owns the herb, and he that knows but her
Onions fasting with bread and salt: As exaltaration, knows what I say is true.
also to make a great Onion hollow, filling Orpine is seldom used in inward medicines

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGEL.
131
with us, although Tragus saith from expe- is also effectual against the venom of any
rience in Germany, that the distilled water poisonous creature, and the danger that
thereof is profitable for gnawings or excori- comes to them that have the lethargy, and
ations in the stomach or bowels, or for ul- } is as good against the cough. The distilled
cers in the lungs, liver, or other inward water of Parsley is a familiar medicine with
parts, as also in the matrix, and helps all nurses to give their children when they are
those diseases, being drank for certain days troubled with wind in the stomach or belly,
together. It stays the sharpress of humours which they call the frets ; and is also much
in the bloody-flux, and other fluxes in the available to them that are of great years.
body, or in wounds. The root thereof The leaves of Parsley laid to the eyes that
also perforins the like effect. It is used are inflamed with heat, or swollen, doth
outwardly to cool any heat or inflammation { much help them, if it be used with bread or
upon any hurt or wound, and eases the meal; and being fried with butter, and ap-
pains of them; as, also, to heal scaldings į plied to women's breasts that are hard
or burnings, the juice thereof being beaten through the curdling of their milk, it abates
with some green sallad oil, and anointed. the hardness quickly; and also takes away
The leaf bruised, and laid to any green black and blue narks coming of bruises or
wound in the hand or legs, doth heal them falls. The juice thereof dropped into the
quickly; and being bound to the throat, ears with a little wine, eases the painş.
much helps the quinsy; it helps also rup- Tragus sets down an excellent medicine to
tures and burstenness. If you please to help the jaundice and falling sickness, the
make the juice thereof into a syrup with dropsy, and stone in the kidneys, in this
honey or sugar, you may safely take a manner : Take of the seed of Parsley, Fen-
spoonful or two at a time, (let my authornel, Annise and Carraways, of each an
say what he will) for a quinsy, and you ounce; of the roots of Parsley, Burnet,
shall find the medicine pleasant, and the Saxifrage, and Carraways, of each an ounce
cure speedy.
and an half ; let the seeds be bruised, and
the roots washed and cut small ; let them
lie all night to steep in a bottle of white
This is so well known, that it weeds no wine, and in the morning be boiled in a
description.
close earthen vessel until a third part or
Government and virtues.] It is under the more be wasted; which being strained and
dominion of Mercury; is very comfortable cleared, take four ounces thereof morning
to the stomach ; helps to provoke urine and and evening first and last, abstaining from
women's courses, to break wind both in the drink after it for three hours. This opens
stómach and bo vels, and doth a little open obstructions of the liver and spleen, and
the body, but the root much more. Il expels the dropsy and jaundice by urine.
opens obstructions both of liver and spleen,
and is therefore accounted one of the five
opening roots. Galen commended it
against the falling sickness, and to provoke Descript.] The root, although it be very
urine mightily ; especially if the roots be small and thready, yet it continues many
boiled, and eaten like Parsnips. The seed į years, from which arise many leaves lying,
is effectual to provoke urine and women's along on the ground, each standing upon
courses, to expel wind, to break the stone, a long small foot-stalk, the leaves as broad
and ease the pains and torments thereof; it as a man's nail, very deeply dented on the
(31)
PARSLEY.
BREAK-
PARSLEY PIERT, OR PARSLEY
STONE.
M M

132
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CHA
edges, somewhat like a parsley-leaf, but of the seed being ripe about the beginning of
a very dusky green colour. The stalks are August, the second year after its sowing ;
very weak and slender, about three or four for if they do flower the first year, the coun-
fingers in length, set so full of leaves that try people call them Madneps.
they can hardly be seen, either having no Government and virtues.]
The garden
foot-stalk at all, or but very short; the Parsnips are under Venus,
The garden
flowers are so small they can hardly be Parsnip nourishes much, and is good and
seen, and the seed as small as may be. { wholesome nourishment, but a little windy,
Place.] It is a common herb throughout whereby it is thought to procure bodily
the nation, and rejoices in barren, sandy, lust; but it fastens the body much, if much
moist places. It may be found plentifully need. It is conducible to the stomach and
about Hampstead Heath, Hyde Park, and į reins, and provokes urine. But the wild
in Tothill-fields.
Parsnips hath a cutting, attenuating, clean-
Time.] It may be found all the Sum- sing, and opening quality therein. It re-
mer-time, even from the beginning of April sists and helps the bitings of serpents, eases
to the end of October.
the pains and stitches in the sides, and dis-
Government and virtues.] Its operation solves wind both in the stomach and bowels,
is very prevalent to provoke urine, and to which is the cholic, and provokes urine.
break the stone. It is a very good sallad | The rool is often used, but the seed much
herb. It were good the gentry would pickle more. The wild being better than the tame,
up as they pickle up Samphire for their shews Dame Nature to be the best phy-
use all the Winter. I cannot teach them sician.
how to do it; yet this I can tell them, it is
a very wholesome herb. They may also
keep the herb dry, or in a syrup, if they Descript.] This grows with three or
please. You may take a dram of the pow-four large, spread winged, rough leaves,
der of it in white wine; it would bring away flying, often on the ground, or else raised a
gravel from the kidneys insensibly, and í little from it, with long, round, hairy foot-
without pain. It also helps the stranguary. stalks under them, parted usually into five
divisions, the two couples standing each
against the other; and one at the end, and
The garden kind thereof is so well known each leaf, being almost round, yet some-
(the root being commonly eaten) that Iį what deeply cut in on the edges in some
shall not trouble you with any description { leaves, and not so deep in others, of a whitish
of it. But the wild kind being of more green colour, smelling somewhat strongly;
physical use, I shall in this place describe among which rises up a round, crusted,
it unto you.
hairy stalk, two or three feet high, with a
Descript.] The wild Parsnip differs few joints and leaves thereon, and branched
little from the garden, but grows not so fair at the top, where stand large umbels of
and large, nor hath so many leaves, and the white, and sometimes reddish flowers, and
root is shorter, more woody, and not so fitžafter them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed,
to be eaten, and therefore more medicinal. štwo always joined together.
The root is
Place.] The name of the first shows the long and white, with two or three long
place of its growth. The other grows wild strings growing down into the ground,
in divers places, as in the marshes in Roches- smelling likewise strongly and unpleasant
.
ter, and elsewhere, and tlowers in July ; Place.] It grows in moist mcadows, and
COW PARSNIPS.
PARSNIPS.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
138
the borders and corners of fields, and near within the stone. It sooner waxés old,
ditches, through this land.
and decays, than the Apricot, by much.
Time.] It flowers in July, and seeds in Place.] They are nursed in gardens and
Iugust.
orchards through this land,
Government and virtues.] Mercury hath Time.] They flower in the Spring, and
the dominion over them. The seed thereof, fructify in Autumn.
as Galen saith, is of a sharp and cutting Government and virtues.] Lady Venus
quality, and therefore is a fit medicine for owns this tree, and by it opposes the ill
a cough and shortness of breath, the falling effects of Mars, and indeed for children and
sickness and jaundice. The root is avail- young people, nothing is better to purge
able to all the purposes aforesaid, and is choler and the jaundice, than the leaves or
also of great use to take away the hard { flowers of this tree being made into a syrup
skin that grows on a fistula, if it be but or conserve. Let such as delight to please
scraped upon it. The seed hereof being their lust regard the fruit; but such as have
drank, cleanses the belly from tough phleg- I lost their health, and their children’s, let
matic matter therein, eases them that are them regard what I say, they may safely
liver-grown, women's passions of the mother, give two spoonfuls of the syrup at a time ;
as well being drank as the smoke thereof it is as gentle as Venus herself." The leaves
received, and likewise raises such as are of peaches bruised and laid on the belly,
fallen into a deep sleep, or have the lethargy, kill worms, and so they do also being
by burning it under their nose. The seed boiled in ale and drank, and open the belly
and root boiled in oil, and the head rubbed likewise ; and, being dried, is a far safer
therewith, helps not only those that are medicine to discuss humours. The pow-
fallen into a frenzy, but also the lethargy order of them strewed upon fresh bleeding
drowsy evil, and those that have been long wounds stays their bleeding, and closes
troubled with the head-ache, if it be like-them up. The flowers steeped all night in
wise used with Rue. It helps also the runn- a little wine standing warm, strained forth
ing scab and shingles. The juice of the in the morning, and drank fasting, doth
flowers dropped into the ears that run and gently open the belly, and move it down-
are full of matter, cleanses and heals them. ward. A syrup made of them, as the syrup
of roses is made, works more forcibly than
that of roses, for it provokes vomiting, and
Descript.] A PEACH Tree grows not so spends waterish and hydropic humours by
great as the Apricot tree, yet spreads the continuance thereof. The flowers made
branches reasonable well, from whence into a conserve, work the same effect.
spring smaller reddish twigs, whereon are The liquor that dropped from the tree, being
set long and narrow green leaves dented { wounded, is given in the decoction of Colts-
about the edges. The blossoms are greater foot, to those that are troubled with a cough
than the plumb, and of a light purple or shortness of breath, by adding thereunto
colour; the fruit round, and sometimes as some sweet wine, and putting some saffron
big as a reasonable Pippin, others smaller, also therein. It is good for those that are
as also differing in colour and taste, as rus- hoarse, or have lost their voice; helps all
set, red, or yellow, watcrish or firm, with a { defects of the lungs, and those that vomit
frize or cotton all over, with a cleft therein and spit blood. Two drams hercof given
like an Apricot, and a rugged, furrowed, in the juice of lemons, or of radish, is good
great stone within it, and a bitter kernel : for them that are troubled with the stone,
TIIE PEACHI TREE.

134
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
PELLITORY OF SPAIN.
the kernels of the stones do wonderfully much more, and are very good in repelling
ease the pains and wringings of the belly medicines ; and if the wild sort be boiled
through wind or sharp humours, and help with muslırooms, it makes them less dan-
to make an excellent medicine for the stone gerous. The said Pears boiled with a little
upon all occasions, in this manner : I take honey, help much the oppressed stomach,
fifty kernels of peach-stones, and one hundred } as all sorts of them do, some more, some
of the kernels of cherry-stones, a handful of less: but the harsher sorts do more cool
elder flowers fresh or dried, and three pints and bind, serving well to be bound to green
of Muscadel ; set them in a close pot into a bed wounds, to cool and stay the blood, and heal
of horse-dung for ten days, after which distil { up the green wound without farther trouble,
in a glass with a gentle fire, and keep it for orinflammation, as Galen saith he hath found
your use: You may drink upon occasion by experience. The wild Pears do sooner
three or four ounces at a time. The milk or close up the lips of green wounds than others.
cream of these kernels being drawn forth Schola Selerni advises to drink much
with some Vervain water and applied to wine after Pears, or else (say they) they are
the forehead and temples, doth much help į as bad as poison ; nay, and they curse the
to procure rest and sleep to sick persons į tree for it too; but if a poor man find his
wanting it. The oil drawn from the kernels, stomach oppressed by eating Pears, it is hut
the temples being therewith anointed, doth working hard, and it will do as well as
the like. The said oil put into clysters, {drinking wine.
eases the pains of the wind cholic: and
anointed on the lower part of the belly,
doth the like, and dropped into the ears, COMMON Pellitory of Spain, if it be
eases pains in them; the juice of the leaves planted in our gardens, will prosper very
doth the like. Being also anointed on the well; yet there is one sort growing ordina-
forehead and temples, it helps the megrim, frily here wild, which I esteem to be little
and all other pains in the head. If the inferior to the other, if at all. I shall not
kernels. be bruised and boiled in vinegar, deny you the description of them both.
until they become thick, and applied to the Descript.] Common Pellitory is a very
head, it marvellously procures the hair to common plant, and will not be kept in our
grow again upon bald places, or where it is {gardens without diligent looking to. The
too thin.
root goes down right into the ground bear-
ing leaves, being long and finely cut upon
the stalk, lying on the ground, much larger
PEAR Trees are so well known, that they than the leaves of the Camomile are. At
need no description.
the top it bears one single large flower at a
Government and virtues.] The Tree belongs place, having a border of many leaves,
to Venus, and so doth the Apple tree. For: white on the upper side, and reddish under-
their physical use they are best discerned { neath, with a yellow thrunı in the middle,
by their taste. All the sweet and luscious not standing so close as that of Camomile.
sorts, whether manured or wild, do help to The other common Pellitory which
move the belly dowpwards, more or less. grows here, hath a root of a sharp biting
Those that are hard and sour, do, on the taste, scarcely discernible by the taste from
contrary, bind the belly as much, and the that before described, from whence arise
leaves do so also : Those that are moist do divers brittle stalks, a yard high and more,
in some sort cool, but harsh or wild sorts ; with narrow leaves finely dented about the
THE PEAR TREE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
135
up with
edges, standing one above another up to black, rough seed, which will stick to any
the tops. The flowers are many and white, cloth or garment that shall touch it. The
standing in tufts like those of Yarrow, with root is somewhat long, with small fibres
a small yellowish thrum in the middle. thereat, of a dark reddish colour, which
The seed is very small.
abides the Winter, although the stalks and
Place.] The last grows in fields by the leaves perish and spring every year.
hedge sides and paths, almost every where. Place.] It grows wild generally through
Time.] It flowers at the latter end of the land, about the borders of fields, and by
June and July.
the sides of walls, and among rubbish. It
Government and virtues.] It is under the will endure well being brought up in gar-
government of Mercury, and I am per- dens, and planted on the shady side,
suaded it is one of the best purgers of the where it will spring of it own sowing.
brain that grows. An ounce of the juice Time.] It flowers in June and July, and
taken in a draught of Muskadel an hour the seed is ripe soon after.
before the fit of the ague comes, it will Government and virtues.] It is under the
assuredly drive away the ague at the second dominion of Mercury. The dried herb
or third time taken at the farthest. Either Pellitory made up into an electuary with
the herb or root dried and chewed in the honey, or the juices of the herb, or the de-
mouth, purges the brain of plegmatic coction thereof made
sugar or
humours; thereby not only easing pains in honey, is a singular remedy for an old or
the head and teeth, but also hirders the dry cough, the shortness of breath, and
distilling of the brain upon the lungs and wlieezing in the throat. "Three ounces of
eyes, thereby preventing coughs, phthisicks the juice thereof taken at a time, doth won-
and consumption, the apoplexy and falling derfully help stopping of the urine, and to
sickness. It is an excellently approved expel the stone or gravel in the kidneys or
remedy in the lethargy. The powder of the bladder, and is therefore usually put arnong
herb or root being snuffed up the nostrils, other herbs used in clysters to mitigate
procures sneezing, and eases the head-ache; į pains in the back, sides, or bowels, pro-
being made into an ointment with hog's ceeding of wind, stopping of urine, the
grease, it takes away black and blue spots } gravel or stone, as aforesaid. If the bruised
occasioned by blows or falls, and helps both herb, sprinkled with some Muskadel, be
the gout and sciatica.
warmed upon a tile, or in a dish upon a
few quick coals in a chafing-dish, and ap-
plied to the belly, it works the same effect.
Descript.] IT rises with brownish, red, The decoction of the herb being drank,
tender, weak, clear, and almost transparent eases pains of the mother, and brings down
stalks, about two feet high, upon which women's courses : It also eases those griefs
grow at the joints two leaves somewhat that arise from obstructions of the liver,
broad and long, of a dark green colour, spleen, and reins. The same decoction,
which afterwards turn brownish, smooth on with a little honey added thereto, is good.
the edges, but rough and hairy, as the to gargle a sere throat. The juice held a
stalks are also. At the joints with the while in the mouth, eases pains in the teeth.
leaves from the middle of the stalk upwards, The distilled water of the herb drank with
where it spreads into branches, stand' many some sugar, works the same effects, and
small
, pale, purplish flowers in hairy, rough cleanses the skin from spots, freckles, pur-
heads, or husks, after which come small, ples, wheals, sun-burn, morphew, &c. The
(13, 14.)
PELLITORY OF THE WALL.
Ν Ν.

136
com
on THE HERBAL
COMPLETE the juice dropped into the ears, eases the noise There is a greater kind than the ordinary
in them, and takes away the pricking and sort found wild with us, which so abides,
shooting pains therein : The same, or the being brought into gardens, and differs not
distilled water, assuages hot and swelling from it, but only in the largeness of the
imposthumes, burnings and scaldings by leaves and stalks, in rising higher, and not
fire or water ; as also all other hot tumours creeping upon the ground so much. The
and inflammations, or breakings-out, of flowers whereof are purple, growing in run-
heat, being bathed often with wet cloths dles about the stalks like the other.
dipped therein: The said juice made into Place.] The first, which is common in
a liniment with ceruss, and oil of roses, and gardens, grows also in many moist and
anointed therewith, cleanses foul rotten ; watery places of this land.
ulcers, and stays spreading or creeping The second is found wild in effect in
ulcers, and running scabs or sores in chil- divers places by the highways from London
dren's heads; and helps to stay the hair to Colchester, and thereabouts, more abun-
from falling off the head. The said oint- dantly than in any other counties, and is
ment, or the herb applied to the fundament, also planted in their gardens in Essex.
opens the piles, and eases their pains; and Tiine.] They flower in the latter end of
being mixed with goats' tallow, helps the Summer, about August.
gout. The juice is very effectual to cleanse Government and virtues.] The herb is
fistulas, and to heal them up safely ; or the under Venus. Dioscorides saith, that
herb itself bruised and applied with a little Pennyroyal makes thin tough phlegm,
salt. It is likewise also effectual to heal warms the coldness of any part whereto it
any green wound ; if it be bruised and is applied, and digests raw or corrupt mat-
bound thereto for three days, you shall; ter ; Being boiled and drank, it provokes
need no other medicine to heal it further. women's courses, and expels the dead child
A poultice made hereof with Mallows, and and after-birth, and stays the disposition
boiled in wine and wheat bran and bean što vomit, being taken in water and vinegar
flour, and some oil put thereto, and ap- i mingled together. And being mingled with
plied warm to any bruised sinews, tendon, honey and salt, it voids phlegm out of the
or muscle, doth in a very short time restore lungs, and purges melancholy by the stool.
them to their strength, taking away the ; Drank with wine, it helps such as are bitten
pains of the bruises, and dissolves the con- and stung with venomous beasts, and ap-
gealed blood coming of blows, or falls from ; plied to the nostrils with vinegar, revives
high places.
those that are fainting and swooning.
The juice of Pellitory of the Wall clarified : Being dried and burnt, it strengthens the
and boiled in a syrup with honey, and a gums. It is helpful to those that are trou-
spoonful of it drank every morning by such, bled with the gout, being applied of itself
as are subject to the dropsy; if continuing to the place until it was red; and applied
that course, though but once a weak, they in a plaister, it takes away spots or marks
ever have the dropsy, let them but come in the face; applied with salt, it profits those
to me, and I will cure them gratis.
that are splenetic, or livergrown. The de-
coction doth help the itch, if washed there-
with. The green herh bruised and put
PENNYROYAL is so well known unto into vinegar, cleanses foul ulcers, and takes
all, I mean the common kind, that it needs jaway the marks of bruises and blows about
no description.
{ the eyes, and all discolourings of the face
PENNY ROYAL,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
187
by fire, yea, and the leprosy, being drank The ordinary Female Peony hath as
and outwardly applied: Boiled in wine many stalks, and more leaves on them than
with honey and salt, it helps the tooth-ache. the Male; the leaves not so large, but nicked
It helps the cold griefs by the joints, taking on the edges, some with great and deep,
away the pains, and warms the cold part, others with small cuts and divisions, of a
being fast bound to the place, after a dead green colour. The flowers are of a
bathing or sweating in a hot house. Pliny strong heady scent, usually smaller, and of
adds, that Pennyroyal and Mints together, ſa more purple colour than the Male, with
help faintings, being put into vinegar, and yellow thrums about the head, as the Male
smelled unto, or put into the nostrils or} hath. The seed vessels are like horns, as in
mouth. It eases head-aches, pains of the the Male, but smaller, the seed is black,
breast and belly, and gnawings of the but less shining. The root consists of many
stomach; applied with honey, salt, and short tuberous clogs, fastened at the end of
vinegar, it helps cramps or convulsions of į long strings, and all from the heads of the
the sinews: Boiled in milk, and drank, itįroots, which is thick and short, and of the
is effectual for the cough, and for ulcers like scent with the Male.
and sores in the mouth; drank in wine it Place and Time.] They grow in gardens,
provokes women's courses, and expels the and flower usually about May.
dead child, and after-birth. Matthiolus Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
saith, The decoction thereof being drank, the Sun, and under the Lion. Physicians
helps the jaundice and dropsy, all pains of say, Male Peony roots are best; but Dr.
the head and sinews that come of a cold }Reason told me Male Peony was best for
cause, and clears the eye-sight. It helps men, and Female Peony for women, and he
the lethargy, and applied with barley-meal, { desires to be judged by his brother Dr.
helps burnings; and put into the ears, eases Experience. The roots are held to be of
the pains of them.
more virtue than the seed; next the flowers;
and, last of all, the leaves. The roots of
the Male Peony, fresh gathered, having
Descript.] Male Peony rises up with been found by experience to cure the fall-
brownish stalks, whereon grow green and ſing sickness ; but the surest way is, besides
reddish leaves, upon a stalk without any hanging it about the neck, by which children
particular division in the leaf at all. The have been cured, to take the root of the
flowers stand at the top of the stalks, con- Male Peony washed clean, and stamped
sisting of five or six broad leaves, of a fair somewhat small, and laid to infuse in sack
purplish red colour, with many yellow for 24 hours at the least, afterwards strain
threads in the middle standing about the it, and take it first and last, morning and
head, which after rises up to be the seed evening, a good draught for sundry days
vessels, divided into two, three, or four together, before and after a full moon: and
crooked pods like horns, which being full{this will also cure old persons, if the dis-
ripe, open and turn themselves down back- ease be not grown too old, and past cure,
wards, shewing with them divers round, especially if there be a due and orderly
black, shining seeds, having also many preparation of the body with posset-drink
crimson grains, intermixed with black, made of Betony, &c. The root is also
whereby it makes a very pretty shew. The effectual for women that are not sufficiently
roots are great, thick and long, spreading cleansed after child-birth, and such as are
and running down deep in the ground. troubled with the mother; for which like-
MALE AND FEMALE PEONY.

138
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
wise the black seed beaten to powder, and hereof to be bruised, and mixed with old
given in wine, is also available. The black hog's grease, and applied to the place, and
seed also taken before bed-time, and into continue thereon four hours in men, and
the morning, is very effectual for such as in two hours in women, the place being after-
their sleep are troubled with the disease wards bathed with wine and oil mixed
called Ephialtes, or Incubus, but we do together, and then wrapped up with wool
commonly call it the Night-mare: a disease or skins, after they have sweat a little. It
which melancholy persons are subject unto: also amends the deformities or discolour-
It is also good against melancholy dreams. {ings of the skin, and helps to take away
The distilled water or syrup made of the marks, scars, and scabs, or the foul marks
flowers, works the same effects that the root of burning with fire or iron. The juice
and seed do, although more weakly. The hereof is by some used to be given in ale to
Females is often used for the purpose afore- drink, to wonen with child, to procure
said, by reason the Male is so scarce a them a speedy delivery in travail,
plant, that it is possessed by few, and those
PERIWINKLE.
great lovers of rarities in this kind.
Descript.] The common sort hereof
PEPPER WORT, OR DITTANDER.
hath many branches trailing or running
Descript.] Our common Pepperwortį upon the ground, shooting out small fibres
sends forth somewhat long and broad leaves, at the joints as it runs, taking thereby hold
of a light blueish green colour, finely in the ground, and rooteth in divers places.
dented about the edges, and pointed at the At the joints of these branches stand two
ends, standing upon round hard stalks, small, dark-green, shining leaves, somewhat
three or four feet high, spreading many like bay leaves, but smaller, and with them
branches on all sides, and having many come forth also the flowers (one at a joint)
small white flowers at the tops of them, standing upon a tender foot-stalk, being
after which follow small seeds in small{ somewhat long and hollow, parted at the
heads. The root is slender, running much brims, sometimes into four, sometimes into
under ground, and shooting up again in five leaves: The most ordinary sorts are of
many places, and both leaves and roots are a pale blue colour: some are pure white,
very hot and sharp of taste, like pepper, for some of a dark reddish purple colour. The
which cause it took the name.
root is little bigger than a rush, hushing in
Place.] It grows naturally in many the ground, and creeping with his branches
places of this land, as at Clare in Essex; far about, whereby it quickly possesses a
also near unto Exeter in Devonshire; upon great compass, and is therefore most
Rochester common in Kent; in Lanca- usually planted under hedges where it may
shire, and divers other places; but usually have room to run.
kept in gardens.
Place.] Those with the pale blue, and
Time.] It flowers in the end of June, those with the white flowers, grow in woods
and in July.
and orchards, by the hedge-sides, in divers
Government and virtues.] Here is another places of this land; but those with the pur-
martial herb for you, make much of it. ple flowers, in gardens only.
Pliny and Paulus Ægineta say, that Pep- Time.] They flower in March and Apri).
perwort is very successful for the sciatica, Government and virtues.]
Venus owns
or any other goul or pain in the joints, or this herb, and saith, That the leaves eaten
any other inveterate grief: The leaves : by man and wife together, cause love he-

AND- ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
139
log
ST. PETER'S WORT
PIMPERNEL.
bbq
tween them. The Periwinkle is a great and Northamptonshire; as also near water-
binder, stays bleeding both at mouth and courses in other places.
nose, if some of the leaves be chewed.
Time.] Il flowers in June and July, and
The French used it to stay women's courses. the seed is ripe in August.
Dioscorides, Galen, and Ægineta, com- Government and virtues.] There is not
mend it against the lasks and fluxes of the a straw to choose between this and St.
belly to be drank in wine.
John's Wort, only St. Peter must have it,
lest he should want pot herbs; It is of the
.
same property of St. John's Wort, but some-
what weaker, and therefore more seldom
IF Superstition had not been the father used. Two drams of the seed taken at a
of Tradition, as well as Ignorance the time in honied water, purges choleric
Mother of Devotion, this herb, as well as humours, (as saith Dioscorides, Pliny, and
St. John's Wort) hath found some other Galen,) and thereby helps those that are
name to be known by; but we may say ofị troubled with the sciatica. The leaves are
our forefathers, as St. Paul of the Athenians, i used as St. John's Wort, to help those
I perceive in many things you are too super- } places of the body that have been burnt
stitious. Yet seeing it is come to pass, with fire.
that custom having got in possession,
pleads prescription for the name, I shall
let it pass, and come to the description of Descript] Common Pimpernel hath
the herb, which take as follows.
divers weak square stalks lợing on the
Descript.] It rises up with square up- ground, beset all with two small and almost
right stalks for the mosi part, some greater round leaves at every joint, one against
and higher than St. John's Wort (and good another, very like Chickweed, but hath no
reason too, St. Peter being the greater foot-stalks; for the leaves, as it were, com-
apostle, (ask the Pope else ;) for though pase the stalk. The flowers stand singly
God would have the saints equal, the Pope, cach by themselves at them and the stalk,
is of another opinion,) but brown in the consisting of five small round-pointed leaves,
same manner, having two leuves at every of a pale red colour, tending to an orange,
joint, somewhat like, but larger, than St. with so many threads in the middle, in whose
John's Wort, and a little rounder pointed, places succeed smooth round heads, where-
with few or no holes to be seen thereon, and in is contained small seed. The root is
having sometimes some smaller leaves rising small and fibrous, perishing every year.
from the bosom of the greater, and somes Place.] It grows almost every where,
times a little hairy also. At the tops of iwo { as well in ihe meadows and corn-fields,
stalks stand many star-like flowers, withļas by the way-sides, and in gardens, arising
yellow threads in the middle, very like of itself.
those of St. Jolin's Wort, insomuch that Time.] It flowers from May until April,
this is hardly discerned from it, but only by and the seed ripens in the mean time, and
the largeness and height, the seed being} falls.
alike also in both. The root abides long, Government and virtues.] It is a gallant
sending forth new shoots every year. solar herb, of a cleansing attractive quality,
Place.] It grows in many groves, and whereby it draws forth thorns or splinters,
small low woods, in divers places of this or other such like things gotten into the
land, as in Kent, Huntingdon, Cambridge, flesh; and put up into the nostrils, purges
(13, 14.)
O O

140
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the head ; and Galen saith also, they have along among the leaves ; after which come
a drying faculty, whereby they are good to small and round husks. The root is small
solder the lips of wounds, and to cleanse and woody, perishing every year.
foul ulcers. The distilled water or juice is Place.] It grows more plentifully in
much esteemed by French dames to cleanse Kent than any other county of this land, as
the skin from any roughness and defor- namely, in many places on this side Dart-
mity, or discolouring thereof; being boiled ford, along to Southfleet, Chatham, and
in wine and given to drink, it is a good Rochester, and upon Chatham down, hard
remedy against the plague, and other pes- by the Beacon, and half a mile from
tilential fevers, if the party after taking it Rochester, in a field near a house called
be warm in his bed, and sweat for two. Selesys.
hours after, and use the same for twice at Time.] It flowers and gives seed in the
least. It helps also all stingings and Summer months.
bitings of venomous beasts, or mad dogs, Government and virtues.] Mars owns the
being used inwardly, and applied outward- { herb. The decoction of Ground Pine
ly. The same also opens obstructions of drank, doth wonderfully prevail against the
the liver, and is very available against the stranguary, or any inward pains arising
infirmities of the reins : It provokes urine, { from the diseases of the reins and urine,
and helps to expel the stone and gravel and is especially good for all obstructions of
out of the kidneys and bladder, and helps the liver and spleen, and gently opens
much in all inward pains and ulcers. The the body; for which purpose they were
decoction, or distilled water, is no less ef- wont in former times to make pills with the
fectual to be applied to all wounds that are powder thereof, and the pulp of figs. Il
fresh and green, or old, filthy, fretting, and { marvellously helps all the diseases of the
running ulcers, which it very effectually mother, inwardly or outwardly applied,
cures in a short space. A little mixed procuring women's courses, and expelling
with the juice, and dropped into the eyes, the dead child and after-birth ; yea, it is so
cleanses them from cloudy mists, or thick powerful upon those feminine parts, that it
films which grow over them, and hinder is utterly forbidden for women with child,
the sight. It helps the tooth-ache, being for it will cause abortion or delivery before
dropped into the ear on a contrary side of the time. The decoction of the herb in
the pain. It is also effectual to ease the wine taken inwardly, or applied outwardly,
pains of the hæmorrhoids or piles. or both, for some time together, is also
effectual in all pains and diseases of the
GROUND PINE, OR CHAMEPITYS.
joints, as gouts, cramps, palsics, sciatica,and
Descript.] Our common Ground Pine aches ; for which purpose the pills made
grows low, seldom rising above a hand’s with powder of Ground Pine, and of Her-
Sreadth high, shooting forth divers small modactyls with Venice Turpentine are very
branches, set with slender, small, long, nar- {effectual. The pills also, continued for
row, greyish, or whitish leaves, somewhat some time, are special good for those that
hairy, and divided into three parts, many have the dropsy, jaundice, and for griping
bushing together at a joint, some growing pains of the joints, belly, or inward parts.
scatteringly upon the stalks, smelling some- It helps also all diseases of the brain, pro-
what strong, like unto rozin: The flowers cceding of cold and pblegmatic humours
are small, and of a pale yellow colour, and distillations, as also for the falling sick-
growing from the joint of the stalk all ness. It is a special remedy for the poison

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
141
of the aconites, and other poisonous herbs,} from the head, and stays all manner of
as also against the stinging of any veno-}ffuxes
, even women's courses, when hey
mous creature. "It is a good remedy for a flow too abundantly. It is good to stay
cold cough, especially in the beginning, spitting of blood and other bleedings at the
For all the purposes aforesaid, the herb {mouth, or the making of foul and bloody
being tunned up in new drink and drank, { water, by reason of any ulcer in the reins
is almost as effectual, but far more accepta- or bladder, and also stays the too free
ble to weak and dainty stomachs. The bleeding of wounds. It is held an especial
distilled water of the herb hath the same remedy for those that are troubled with the
effects, but more weakly. The conserve phthisic, or consumption of the lungs, or
of the flowers doth the like, which Mat- ulcers of the lungs, or coughs that come of
thiolus much commends against the palsy. heat. The decoction or powder of the
The green herb, or the decoction thereof, roots or seeds, is much more binding for all
being applied, dissolves the harhness of the purposes aforesaid than the leaves.
women's breasts, and all other hard swell- } Dioscorides saith, that three roots boiled in
ings in any other part of the body. The wine and taken, helps the tertain agues, and
green
herb also applied, or the juice thereof for the quartan agues, (but letting the num-
with some honey, not only cleanses putrid, ber pass as fabulous) I conceive the decoc-
stinking, foul, and malignant ulcers and {tion of divers roots may be effectual. The
sores of all sorts, but heals and solders up herb (but especially the seed) is held to be
the lips of green wounds in any part also. profitable against the dropsy, the falling-
Let pregnant women forbear, for it works sickness, the yellow jaundice, and stoppings
violently upon the feminine part.
of the liver and reins. The roots of Plan-
tain, and Pellitory of Spain, beaten into
powder, and put into the hollow teeth, takes
This grows usually in meadows and away the pains of them. The clarified
felds, and by path sides, and is so well juice, or distilled water, dropped into the
known, that it needs no description. eyes, cools the inflammations in them, and
Time.] It is in its beauty about June, takes away the pin and web; and dropped
and the seed ripens shortly after.
into the ears, eases the pains in them, and
Government and virtues.] It is true, Mis-} helps and removes the heat.
The same
aldus and others, yea, almost all astrology-} also with the juice of Houseleek is profitable
physicians, hold this to be an herb of Mars, against all in Hlainmations and breakings out
because it cures the diseases of the head of the skin, and against burnings and scald-
and privities, which are under the houses ings by fire and water. The juice or de-
of Mars, Aries, and Scorpio : The truth is, coction made either of itself, or other things
it is under the command of Venus, and of the like nature, is of much use and good
cures the head by antipathy to Mars, and effect for old and hollow ulcers that are hard
the privities by sympathy to Venus; neither to be cured, and for cankers and sores in
is there hardly a martial disease but it{the mouth or privy parts of man or woman;
and helps also the pains of the piles in the
The juice of Plantain clarified and drank } fundament. The juice mixed with oil of
for divers days together, either of itself, or i roses, and the temples and forehead anoint-
in other drink, prevails wonderfully against ied therewith, eases the pains of the head
all torments or excoriations in the intestines / proceeding from heat, and helps lunatic
or bowels, helps the distillations of rheum and frantic persons very much; as also the
PLANTAIN.
cures.

142
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
POLYPODY OF THE OAK.
PLUMS.
biting of serpents, or a mad dog. The stone. The gum or leaves boiled in vine-
same also is profitably applied to all hot gar, and applied, kills tetters and ring-
gouts in the feet or hands, especially in the worms. Matthiolus saith, The oil pre-
beginning. It is also good to be applied served out of the kernels of the stones, as
where any bone is out of joint, lo hinder oil of almonds is made, is good against the
inflammations, swellings, and pains that inflamed piles, the tumours or swellings of
presently rise thereupon. The powder of ulcers, hoarseness of the voice, roughness
the dried leares taken in drinki, kills worms of the tongue and throat, and likewise the
of the belly; and boiled in wine, kills i pains in the cars.
And that five ounces
worms that breed in old and foul ulcers. of the said oil taken with one ounce of mus-
One part of Plantain water, and two parts kadol, drives forth the stone, and helps the
of the brine of powdered beef, boiled į cholic.
together and clarified, is a inost sure remedy
to heal all spreading scabs or itch in the
head and body, all manner of tetters, ring- Descript.] This is a small herb consist-
worms, the shingles, and all other running ing of nothing but roots and leaves, bearing
and fretting sores. Briefly, the Plantains i neither stalk, flower, nor seed, as - it is
are singularly good wound herbs, to heal thought. It hath three or four leaves
fresh or old wounds or sores, either inward rising from the root, every one single by
or outward
itself, of about a hand length, are winged,
consisting of many small narrow leaves
cut into the middle rib, standing on each
Are so well known that they need no side of the stalk, large below, and smaller
description.
up to the top, not dented nor notched at
Government and virtues.] All Plums are the edges at all, as the male fern hath, of
under Venus, and are like wonien, some sad green colour, and smooth on the upper
better, and some worse. As there is great i side, but on the other side somewhat rough
diversity of kinds, so there is in the opera- by reason of some yellowish towers set
tion of Plums, for some that are sweet thereon. The root is smaller than one's
moistens the stomach, and make the belly little finger, lying aslope, or crecping along
soluble ; those that are sour quenchi thirst under the upper crust of the carthi, brown-
more, and bind the belly ; the moist and ish on the outside and greenish within, of
waterish do sooner corrupt in the stomach, a sweetish harshness in taste, set with cer-
but the firm do nourish more, and offend tain rough knags on each side thereof,
less. The dried fruit sold by the grocers having also inuch mossiness or yellow hair-
under the names of Damask Prunes, do iness upon it, and some fibres underneath it,
somewhat loosen the belly, and being whereby it is nourished.
stewed, are often used, both in health and Place.] It grows as well upon old rotten
sickness, to relish the mouthi and stomach, i stumps, or trunks of trees, as oak, beech,
to procure appetite, and a little to open hazel, willow, or any other, as in the woods
the body, allay choler, and cool the under them, and upon old mud walls, as
stomach. Pluni-tree leaves boiled in wine, also in mossy, stony, and gravelly places
are good to wash and gargle the mouth and near unto wood. That which grows upon
throat, to dry the flux of rheum coming to oak is accounted the best; but the quantity
the palate, gums, or almonds of the ear, thereof is scarce sufficient for the common
The pum of the tree is good to break the use

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
143
THE POPLAR TREE.
Time.] It being always green, may be { doth much help it, and applied also to the
gathered for use at any time. in nose, cures the disease called Polypus, which
Government and virtues.] Polypodium of}is a piece of flesh growing therein, which
the Oak, that which grows upon the earth ( in time stops the passage of breath through
is best ; it is an herb of Saturn, to purge that nostril; and it helps ) those clefts or
melancholy ; if the humour be otherwise, chops that come between the fingers or
chuse your Polypodium accordingly. Meuse toes. id to żouria vibaa ni eshi-paitwyd
(who is called the Physician's Evangelist for to add 20
dor
the certainty of his medicines, and the curto e
SRT
truth of his opinion) saith, That it dries up THERE are two sorts of Poplars, which
thin humours, digests thick and tough, and are most familiar with us, viz. the Black
purges burnt choler, and especially tough and White, both which I shall here des-
and thick phlegm, and thin phlegm also, cribe unto you. W drod zavo poisimob
even froin the joints, and therefore good for Descript.] The White Poplar grows
those that are troubled with melancholy, or great, and reasonably high, covered with
quartan agues, especially if it be taken in thick, smooth, white bark, especially the
whey or honied water, or in barley-water, { branches ; having long leaves cut into
or the broth of a chicken with Epithymum, several divisions almost like a vine leaf, but
or with Beets and Mallows. It is good for not of so deep a green on the upper side,
the hardness of the spleen, and for pricking and hoary white underneath, of a reason-
or stitches in the sides, as also for the cholic: şable good scent, the whole form represent-
Some use to put to it some Fennel seeds, or ing the form of Coltsfoot. - Theo catkins
Annis seeds, or Ginger, to correct that which it brings forth before the leaves, are
loathing it brings to the stomach, which is į long, and of a faint reddish colour, which
more than needs, it being a safe and gentle fall away, bearing seldom good seed with
medicine, fit for all persons, which daily : them. The wood hereof is smooth,l soft
,
experience confirms; and an ounce of it and white, very finely waved, whereby it is
may be given at a time in a decoction, if much esteemed. Peatses bong bón a
there be not Sena, or some other strong The Black Poplar grows higher and
purger put with it. A dram or two of the straighter than the White, with a greyish
powder of the dried roots, taken fasting in bark, bearing broad green leaves, somewhat
a cup of honied water, worls gently, and like ivy leaves, not cut in on the edges like
for the purposes aforesaid. The distilled the White, bat whole and denied, ending
water both of roots and leaves, is much in a point, and not white underneath, hang-
commended for the quartan ague, to besing by slender long foot stalks, which with
taken for many days together, as also the air are continually shaken, like as the
against melancholy, or fearful and trouble- ; Aspen leaves are. The catkins hereof are
some sleeps or dreams; and with some greater than those of the White, composed
sugar-candy dissolved therein, is good } of many round green berries, as if they
against the cough, shortness of breath, and } were set together in a long cluster, contain-
wheezings, and those distillations of thining much downy matter, which being ripe,
rheum upon the lungs, which cause phthi- } is blown away with the wind. The clammy
sicks, and oftentimes consumptions. The buds hereof, before they spread into leaves,
fresh roots beaten small, or the powder of are gathered to make. Unguentum and
the cried roots mixed with honey, and ap- Populneuin, and are of a yellowish green
plied to the member that is out of joint, colour, and somewhat small, sweet, but
(15, 16.)
PP

144
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
strong. The wood is smooth, tough, and the White and black of the Garden, and
white, and easy to be cloven. On both { the Erratic Wild Poppy, or Corn Rose.
these trees grows a sweet kind of musk, Descript.] The White Poppy hath at
which in former times was used to put into first four or five whitish green leaves lying
sweet ointments.
upon the ground, which rise with the stalk,
Place.] . They grow in moist woods, and compassing it at the bottom of them, and
by water-sides in sundry places of this land ; į are very large, much cut or torn on the
yet the White is not so frequent as the other. edges, and dented also besides : The stalk,
Time.] Their time is likewise expressed which is usually four or five feet high, hath
before : The catkins coming forth before sometimes no branches at the top, and
the leaves in the end of Summer.
usually but two or three at most, bearing
Government and virtues.] Saturn hath every one but one head wrapped up in a
dominion over both. White Poplar, saith i thin skin, which bows down before it is
Galen, is of a cleansing property: The ready to blow, and then rising, and being
weight of an qunce in powder, of the bark } broken, the flowers within it spreading itself
thereof, being drank, saith Dioscorides, is open, and consisting of four very large,
a remedy for those that are troubled with white, round leaves, with many whitish
the sciatica, or the stranguary. The juice round threads in the middle, set about a
of the leaves dropped warm into the ears, small, round, green head, having a crown,
eases the pains in them. The young or star-like cover at the head thereof, which
clammy buds or eyes, before they break growing ripe, becomes as large as a great
out into leaves, bruised, and a little honey apple, wherein are contained a great num-
put to them, is a good medicine for a dull ber of small round seeds, in several parti-
sight. The Black Poplar is held to be tions or divisions next unto the shell, the
more cooling than the White, and therefore middle thereof remaining hollow, and
the leaves bruised with vinegar and applied, empty. The whole plant, both leaves,
help the gout. The seed drank in vinegar, { stalks, and heads, while they are fresh,
is held good against the falling-sickness. young, and green, yield a milk when they
The water that drops from the hollow places are broken, of an unpleasant bitter taste,
of this tree, takes away warts, pushes, almost ready to provoke casting, and of a
wheals, and other the like breakings-out of strong heady smell, which being condensed,
the body. The young Black Poplar buds, j is called Opium. The root is white and
saith Matthiolus, are much used by women woody, perishing as soon as it hath given
to beautify their hair, bruising them with ripe seed.
fresh butter, straining them after they have The Black Poppy little differs from the
been kept for some time in the sun. The former, until it baers its flower, which is
ointment called Populneon, which is made somewhat less, and of a black purplish
of this Poplar, is singularly good for all colour, but without any purple spots in the
heat and inflammations in any part of the bottom of the leaf. The head of the seed
body, and tempers the heat of wounds. It is much less than the former, and opens
is much used to dry up the milk of women's itself a little round about the top, under
breasts when they have weaned their the crown, so that the seed, which is very
children.
black, will fall out, if one turn the head
thereof downward.
The wild Poppy, or Corn Rose, hath long
Op this I shall describe three kinds, viz. and narrow leaves, very much cut in on the
POPPY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENI ARGED.
145
33
The empty
edges into many divisions, of a .ight green the Moon. The garden Poppy heads with
colour, sometimes hairy withal. The stalk seeds made into a syrup, is frequently, and
is blackish and hairy also, but not so tall as to good effect used to procure rest, and
the garden kind, having some such like sleep, in the sick and weak, and to stay
leaves thereon to grow below, parted into catarrhs and defluxions of thin rheums
three or four branches sometimes, whereon from the head into the stomach and lungs
,
grow small hairy heads bowing down be causing a continual cough, the fore-runner
fore the skin break, wherein the flower is of a consumption; it helps also hoarseness
inclosed, which when it is fully blown open, of the throat, and when one have lost their
is of a fair yellowish red or crimson colour, voice, which the oil of the seed doth like-
and in some much paler, without any spot wise. The black seed boiled in wine, and
in the bottom of the leaves, having many drank, is said also to dry the flux of the
black soft threads in the middle, compass- belly, and women's courses.
ing a small-green head, which when it is shells, or poppy heads, are usually boiled
ripe, is not bigger than one's little finger's in water, and given to procure rest and
end, wherein is contained much black seeds sleep: so doth the leaves in the same man-
smaller than that of the garden. The root ner ; as also if the head and temples be
perishes every year, and springs again of bathed with the decoction warm, or with
its own sowing, Of this kind there is one the oil of Poppies, the green leaves or the
lesser in all parts thereo!, :ind differs in heads bruised and applied with a little
nothing else.
vinegar, or made into a poultice with barley-
Place.] The garden kinds do not natu- i meal or hog's grease, cools and tempers
rally grow wild in any place, but all are all inflammations, as also the disease called
sown in gardens where they grow. St. Anthony's fire. It is generally used in
The Wild Poppy or Corn Rose, is plen- treacle and mithridate, and in all other
tifully enough, and many times too much so medicines that are made to procure rest
in the corn fields of all counties through this and sleep, and to ease pains in the head
land, and also on ditch banks, and by well as in other parts. It is also used to
hedge sides. The smaller wild kind is also cool inflammations, agues, or frenzies, or
found in corn fields, and also in some to stay defluxions which cause a cough, or
other places, but not so plentifully as the consumptions, and also other fluxes of the
former.
belly or women's courses ; it is also put
Time.] The garden kinds are usually into hollow teeth, to ease the pain, and hath
sown in the spring, which then flower about been found by experience to ease the pains
Hotellida
the end of May, and somewhat earlier, if of the gout. of yote bag
they spring of their own sowing.
The Wild Poppy; or Corn Rose (as Mat-
The wild kind flower usually from May thiolus saith) is good to prevent the falling-
until July, and the seed of them is ripe soon sickness. The syrup made with the flower,
after the flowering
is with good effect given to those that have
Government and virtues.] The herb is the pleurisy; and the dried flowers also,
Lunar, and of the juice of it is made opium; either boiled in water, or made into powder
only for lucre of money they cheat you, and drank, either in the distilled water of
and tell you it is a kind of tear, or some them, or some other drink, works the like
such like thing, that drops from Poppies effect: The distilled water of the flowers
when they weep, and that is somewhere is held to be of much good use against
beyond the seas, I know not where beyond surfeits, being drank evening and morning sie
mi totist in De
as

O THE COMPLETE "1
146
HERBALI CHA
It is also more cooling than any of the parts where pushes, wheals, pimples, St,
other Poppies, and therefore cannot but Anthony's fire and the like, break forth ;
be as effectual in hot agues, frenzies, and į if a little vinegar be put to it, and laid to
other inflammations either inward or out- the neck, with as much of galls and linseed
ward. Galen saith, The 'seed is dangerous together, it takes away the pains therein,
to be used inwardly. odoln best and mom and the crick in the neck. The juice is
Opusco anzaroa Ionidae9 s gnjano used with oil of roses for the same causes,
otpod neli PURSLAIN.oiqmuenos 210 or for blasting by lightening, and burnings
GARDEN Purslain (being used as a sal- by gunpowder, or for women's sore breasts,
lad herb) is so well known that it needs no and to allay the heat in all other sores or
description; I shall therefore only speak of hurts ; applied also to the navels of chil-
its virtues as follows. oloals in
dren that stick forth, it helps them ; it is
Government and virtues.] 'Tis an herb of also good for sore mouths and gums that
the Moon. It is good to cool any heat in are swollen, and to fasten loose teeth.
the liver, blood, reins, and stomach, and in Camerarius saith, the distilled water used
hot agues nothing better : It stays hot and by some, took away the pain of their teeth,
choleric Auxes of the belly, women's courses, when all oiher remedies failed, and the
the whites, and gonorrhea, or running of thickened juice made into pills with the
the reins, the distillation from the head, į powder of gum Tragicanth and Arabic,
and pains therein proceeding from heat, being taken, prevails much to help those
want of sleep, or the frenzy. The seed is that make bloody water. Applied to the
more effectual than the herb, and is of sin- gout it cases pains thereof, and helps the
gular good use to cool the heat and sharp- s hardness of the sinews, if it come not of the
ness of urine, venereous dreams, snd the cramp, or a cold cause.
like; insomuch that the over frequent usc
der
hereof extinguishes the heat and vitue of
PRIMROSES. Nuorten
natural procreation. The seed bruised and They are so well known, that they need
boiled in wine, and given to children, ex-no description. Of the leaves of Primroses
pels the worms. The juice of the herb is is made as fine a salve to heal wounds as
held as effectual to all the purposes afore- any that I know; you shall be taught to
said ; as also to stay vomitings, and taken make salres of any herb at the latter end of
with some sugar or honey, helps an old and the book : make this as you are taught
dry cough, shortness of breath, and the there, and do not (you that have any in-
phthisick, and stays immoderate thirst. genuity in you) see your poor neighbours
I'he distilled water of the herb is used by go with wounded limbs when an halfpenny
many (as the more pleasing) with a little { cost will heal them. der ofte
sugar to work the same effects. The juice
TO PRIVET.
also is singularly good in the infiammations
PRIVET. lol loan
and ulcers in the serect parts of man or Descript.] Our common Privet is carri-
woman, as also the bowels and hæmorrhoids, ed up with many slender branches to, a
when they are ulcerous, or excoriations in reasonable height and breadth, to cover.
them. The herb bruised and applied to the arbours, bowers and banquetting houses,
forehead and temples, allays excessive heat and brought, wrought, and cut into so many
aherein, that hinders rest and sleep ; and forms, of men, horses, birds, &c. which
applied to the eyes, takes away the redness though at first supported, grows afterwards
and inflammation in them, and those other strong of itself. It bears long and narrow

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
147
ON
green leaves by the couples, and sweet (as Agrimony hath) somewhat deeply dented
smelling white flowers in tufts at the end of about the edges, of a sad green colour on
the branches, which turn into small black { the upper side, and greyish underneath,
herries that have a purplish juice with them, {of a pretty sharp scent and taste, somewhat
and some seeds that are flat on the one like unto the Burnet
, and a leaf hereof put
side, with a hole or dent therein.
into a cup of claret wine, gives also a fine
Place.] It grows in this land, in divers relish to it
. At the tops of the stalks and
woods.
branches stand many tufts of small white
Time.] Our Privet flowers in June and flowers thrust thick together, which smell
July, the berries are ripe in August and much sweeter than the leaves ; and in their
September
places, being fallen, come crooked and
Government and virtues.] The Moon is cornered seed: The root is somewhat
lady of this. It is little used in physic with woody, and blackish on the outside, and
us in these times, more than in lotions, to brownish within, with divers great strings,
wash sores, and sore mouths, and to cool and lesser fibres set thereat, of a strong scent,
inflammations, and dry up fluxes. Yet but nothing so pleasant as the flowers and
Matthiolus saith, it serves all the uses for leaves, and perishes not, but abides. Inan y
which Cypress, or the East Privet, is ap- years, shooting forth a-new every Spring.
pointed by Dioscorides and Galen. He Place.] It grows in moist meadows
further saith, That the oil that is made of that lie mostly wet, or near the courses of
the flowers of Privet infused therein, and water.
set in the Sun, is singularly good for the in- Time.] It flowers in some places or
Hammations of wounds, and for the head-other all the three Summer monihs, that is,
ache, coming of a hot cause. There is a June, July, and August, and the seed is
sweet water also distilled from the flowers, ripe soon after. blizuord
that is good for all those diseases that need Government and virtues.] Venus claims
cooling and drying, and therefore helps all { dominion over the herb. It is used to stay
duxes of the belly or stomach, bloody-fluxes, all manner of bleedings, Auxes, vomitings,
and women's courses, being either drank or and women's courses, also their whites :
applied; as all those that void blood at the It is said to alter and take away the fits of
mouth, or any other place, and for distilla- the quartan agues, and to make a merry
tions of rheum in the eyes, especially if it{heart, for which purpose some use the
be used with them.
flowers, and some the leaves. It belps
Der speedily those that are troubled with the
MEADOW cholic; being boiled in wine, and with a
SWEET, OR MEAD SWEET.
, S. little honey, taken warm, it opens the belly;
but boiled in red wine, and drank, it stays
Descript.) Tile stalks of these are red- the flux of the helly. Outwardly applied,
dish, rising to be three feet high, sometimes it helps old ulcers that are cankerous, or
four or five feet, having at the joints thereof hollow fistulous, for which it is by niany
large winged leaves, standing one above much commended, as also for the sores in
another at distances, consisting of many the mouth or secret parts. The leaves when
and somewhat broad leaves, set on each š they are full grown, being laid on the skin,
side of a middle rib, being hard, rough, or will, in a short time, raise blisters thereon.
rugged, crumpled much like into elni leaves, as Tragus saith. The water thereof helis
having also some smaller leares with them, the heat and imfanmation in the
eyes.
(15, 16.)
QUEEN
OF THE
IM E ADOWS,

148
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
THE QUINCE TREE.
bith; for watery humours, Scammony; but
if more forcible to bind, use the unripe
Descript.] The ordinary Quince Tree Quinces, with roses and acacia, hypocistis,
grows often to the height and bigness of a {and some torrified rhubarb. To take the
reasonable apple tree, but more usually { crude juice of Quinces, is held a preserva-
lower, and crooked, with a rough bark, tive against the force of deadly poison; for
spreading arms, and branches far abroad. į it hath been found most certainly true, that
The leaves are somewhat like those of the the very smell of a Quince hath taken away
apple tree, but thicker, broader, and full of all the strength of the poison of white Helle-
veins, and whiter on the under side, not bore. If there be need of any outwardly
dented at all about the edges. The flowers binding and cooling of hot fluxes, the oil
are large and white, sometimes dashed over of Quinces, or other medicines that may be
with a blush. The fruit that follows is yel- made thereof, are very available to anoint
low, being near ripe, and covered with a the belly or other parts therewith ; it like-
white freeze, or cotton ; thick set on the wise strengthens the stomach and belly,
younger, and growing less as they grow to and the sinews that are loosened by sharp
be thorough ripe, bunched out oftentimes humours falling on them, and restrains
in some places, some being like an apple, immoderate sweatings. The muscilage taken
and some a pear, of a strong heady scent, from the seeds of Quinces, and boiled in a
and not durable to keep, and is sour, harsh, ļ little water, is very good to cool the heat
and of an unpleasant taste to eat fresh; and heal the sore breasts of women. The
but being scalded, roasted, baked, or pre-ž same, with a little sugar, is good to lenify
served, becomes more pleasant.
the harshness and hoarseness of the throat,
Place and Time.] It best likes to grow and roughness of the tongue. The cotton
near ponds and water sides, and is frequent į or down of Quinces boiled and applied to
through this land: and flowers not until plague sores, heals them up: and laid as a
the leaves be come forth. The fruit is ripe plaister, made up with wax, it brings hair
in September or October.
to them that are bald, and keeps it from
Government and virtues.] Old Saturn falling, if it be ready to shed.
owns the Tree. Quinces when they are
green, help all sorts of fluxes in men or
women, and choleric lasks, casting, and The garden Raddish is so well known,
whatever needs astriction, more than any that it needs no description.
way prepared by fire; yet the syrup of the Descript.] The Horse-Raddish bath its
juice, or the conserve, are much conducible, first leaves, that rise before Winter, about a
much of the binding quality being con- foot and a half long, very much cut in or
sumed by the fire; if a little vinegar be torn on the edges into many parts, of a dark
added, it stirs up the languishing appetite, green colour, with a great rib in the middle;
and the stomach given to casting ; some after these have been up a while, others
spices being added, comforts and strengthens follow, which are greater, rougher, broader
the decaying and fainting spirits, and helps and longer, whole and not divided at first,
the liver oppressed, that it cannot perfect but only somewhat rougher dented about
the digestion, or corrects choler and phlegm. the edges'; the stalks when it bears flowers
If you would have them purging, put honey (which is seldom) is great, rising up with
to them instead of sugar; and if more laxa- some few lesser leaves thereon, to three or
tive, for choler, Rhubarb; for phlegm, Tur- four feet high, spreading at the top many
RADDISH, OR HORSE-RADDISH.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
149
small branches of whitish flowers, made of leaves lying on the ground, very much
four leaves a-piece; after which come small rent and torn on the sides in many places :
pods, like those of Shepherd's Purse, but from among which rise up sometimes but
seldom with any seed in them. The root is one, and sometimes two or three square or
great, long, white and rugged, shooting up crested blackish or brownish stalks, three
divers heads of leaves, which may be parted or four feet high, sometimes branched,
for increase, but it doth not creep in the bearing divers such-like leaves upon them,
ground, nor run above ground, and is of ajat several distances upon the top, where it
strong, sharp, and bitter taste almost like branches forth into many stalks bearing
mustard.
yellow flowers, consisting of divers leaves,
Place.] It is found wild in some places, set as a pale or border, with a dark yellow
but is chiefly planted in gardens, and joys thrum in the middle, which do abide a
in moist and shadowy places.
great while, but at last are turned into down,
Time.] It seldom flowers, but when it and with the small blackish grey seed, are
doth, it is in July
carried away with the wind. The root is
Government and virtues.] They are both made of many fibres, whereby it is firmly
under Mars. The juice of Horse-raddish fastened into the ground, and abides many
given to drink, is held to be very effectual years.
for the scurvy. It kills the worms in chil-. There is another sort thereof differs from
dren, being drank, and also laid upon the the former only in this, that it rises not so
belly. The root bruised and laid to the high; the leaves are not so finely jagged,
place grieved with the sciatica, joint-ache, nor of so dark a green colour, but rather
or the hard swellings of the liver and spleen, somewhat whitish, soft and woolly, and the
doth wonderfully help them all. The dis- flowers usually paler.
tilled water of the herb and root is more Place.] They grow, both of them, wild in
familiar to be taken with a little sugar for pastures, and untilled grounds in many
all the purposes aforesaid.
places, and oftentimes both in one field.
Garden Raddishes are in wantonness by Time.] They flower in June and July,
the gentry eaten as a sallad, but they breed and the seed is ripe in August.
but scurvy humours in the stomach, and Government and virtues.] Ragwort is
corrupt the blood, and then send for a phy- under the command of Dame Venus, and
sician as fast as you can; this is one cause cleanses, digests, and discusses. The de-
which makes the owners of such nice palates coction of the herb is good to wash the
so unhealthful; yet for such as are troubled mouth or throat that hath ulcers or sores
with the gravel
, stone, or stoppage of urine, therein: and for swellings, hardness, or
they are good physic, if the body be strong imposthumes, for it thoroughly cleanses and
that takes them; you may make the juice heals them; as also the quinsy, and the
of the roots into a syrup if you please, for king's evil. It helps to stay catarrhs, thin
that use: they purge by urine exceedingly. rheums, and defluxions from the head into
the eyes, nose, or lungs. The juice is found
by experience to be singularly good to heal
It is called also St. James'-wort, and green wounds, and to cleanse and heal
Stagger-wort, and Stammer-wort, and Se- all old and filthy ulcers in the privities, and
grum.
in other parts of the body, as also inward
Descript.] The greater common Ragwort i wounds and ulcers ; stays the malignity of
hath many large and long, dark green fretting and running cankers, and hollow
RAGWORT.

150
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
RATTLE GRASS.
fistulas, not suffering them to spread far- Place.] They grow in meadows and
ther. It is also much commended to help woods generally through this land.it
aches and pains either in the fleshy part, or Time.] They are in flower from Mid-
in the nerves and sinews, as also the sciatica, summer until August be past, sometimes.
or pain of the hips or knuckle-bone, to Government and virtues.] They are both
bathe the places with the decoction of the of them under the dominion of the Moon.
herb, or to anoint them with an ointment The Red Raitle is accounted profitable to
made of the herb bruised and boiled in old heal up fistulas and hollow ulcers, and to
hog's suet, with some Mastick and Olibanum stay the flux of humours in them, as also
in powder added unto it after it is strained the abundance of women's courses, or any
forth. In Sussex we call it Ragweed. other fluxes of blood, being boiled in red
ti į wine, and drank.
The yellow Rattle, or Cock's Comb, is
Of this there are two kinds which I shall held to be good for those that are troubled
speak of, viz. the red and yellow.. baru
banues with a cough, or dimness of sight, if the
Descript.] The common Red Rattle hath , herb, being boiled with beans, and some
sundry reddish, hollow stalks, and some- }honey put thereto, be drank or dropped into
times green, rising from the root, lying for the eyes. The whole seed being put into
the most part on the ground, some growing, the eyes, draws forth any skin, dimness or
more upright, with many small reddish or film, from the sight, without trouble, or
green leaves set on both sides of a middle pain.bist
rib, finely dented about the edges : The
Howers stand at the tops of the stalks and REST HARROW, OR CAMMOCK.) 40
branches, of a fine purplish red colour, like Descript.] COMMON Rest Harrow rises
small gaping hooks; after which come up with divers rough woody twigs half a
blackish seed in small husks, which lyingi yard or a yard high, set at the joints without
loose therein, will rattle with shaking. The order, with little roundish leaves, sometimes
root consists of two or three small whitish more than two or three at a place, of a
strings with some fibres thereat.be
dark green colour, without thorns while
The common Yellow Rattle hath seldom they are young; but afterwards armed in
above one round great stalk, rising from į sundry places, with short and sharp thorns.
the foot, about half a yard, or two feet high, {The flowers come forth at the tops of the
and but few branches thereon, having two twigs and branches, whereof it is full
long and somewhat broad leaves set at a fashioned like pease or broom blossoms, but
joint, deeply cut in on the edges, l'esembling lesser, flatter, and somewhat closer, of a
the comb of a cock, broadest next to the faint purplish colour; after which coine
stalk, and smaller to the end. The flowers sinall pods containing small, flat, round
grow at the tops of the stalks, with some seed: The root is blackish on the outside,
shorter leaves with them, hooded after the and whitish within, very rough, and hard
same manner that the others are, but of a što break when it is fresh and green, and as
fair yellow colour, or in some paler, and in į hard as an horn when it is dried, thrusting
some more white. The seed is contained down deep into the ground, and spreading
in large husks, and being ripe, will rattle likewise, every piece being apt to grow
or make a noise with lying loose in them. again if it be left in the ground.
The root is small and slender, perishing Place.] It grows in many places of this
every year ago
sim 0100
land, as well in the arable as waste ground.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
151
Time.] It flowers about the beginning have; of a sad green colour, from among
or middle of July, and the seed is ripe in which rise up divers stalks two or three
August.
feet high, sometimes set with the like leaves,
Government and virtues.] It is under the but smaller and smaller upwards, branched
dominion of Mars. It is singularly good from the middle into divers stiff stalks,
to provoke urine when it is stopped, and to bearing sundry yellow flowers on them,
break and drive forth the stone, which the made of four leaves a-piece, as the others
powder of the bark of the root taken in wine are, which afterwards yield them small red-
performs effectually. Matthiolus saith, dish seed, in small long pods, of a more
The same helps the disease called Herma bitter and hot biting taste than the garden
Carnosa, the fleshy rupture, by taking the kinds, as the leaves are also.
said powder for three months together con- Place.] It is found wild in divers places
stantly, and that it hath cured some which of this land.
seemed incurable by any other means than Time.] It flowers about June or July,
by cutting or burning. The decoction and the seed is ripe in August.
thereof made with some vinegar, gargled in Government and virtues.] The wild Roc-
the mouth, eases the tooth-ache, especially kets are forbidden to be used alone, in re-
when it comes of rheum ; and the said de- gard their sharpness fumes into the head,
coction is very powerful to open obstruc- } causing aches and pains therein, and are
tions of the liver and spleen, and otherless hurtful to hot and choleric persons, for
parts. A distilled water in Balneo Marie, fear of inflaming their blood, and therefore
with four pounds of the root hereof first for such we may say a little doth but a
sliced small, and afterwards steeped in a little harm, for angry Mars rules them, and
gallon of Canary wine, is singularly good he sometimes will be restive when he meets
for all the purposes aforesaid, and to cleanse with fools. The wild Rocket is more strong
the urinary passages. The powder of the and effectual to increase sperm and vene-
said root madeintoanelectuary, or lozenges, rous qualities, whereunto all the seed is
with sugar, as also the bark of the fresh more effectual than the garden kind. It
roots boiled tender, and afterwards beaten serves also to help digestion, and provokes
to a conserve with sugar, works the like urine exceedingly. The seed is used to cure
effect. The powder of the roots strewed the biting of serpents, the scorpion, and the
upon the brims of ulcers, or mixed with shrew mouse, and other poisons, and expels
any other convenient thing, and applied, worms, and other noisome creatures that
consumes the hardness, and causes them to breed in the belly. The herb boiled or
heal the better.
stewed, and some sugar put thereto, helps
the cough in children, being taken often.
The seed also taken in drink, takes away
In regard the Garden Rocket is rather the ill scent of the arm-pits, increases milk
used as a sallad herb than to any physical in nurses, and wastes the spleen. The seed
purposes, I shall omit it, and only speakį mixed with honey, and used on the face,
of the common wild Rocket. The des- cleanses the skin from morphew, and used
cription whereof take as follows.
with vinegar, takes away freckles and red-
Descript.)
The common- wild Rocket {ness in the face, or other parts; and with
has longer and narrower leaves, much more the gall of an ox, it mends foul scars, black
divided into slender cuts and jags on both and blue spots, and the marks of the small-
sides the middle rib than the garden kinds pox.
(15, 16.)
ROCKET.
R R

152
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
have authors made with Roses ! What a
WINTER-ROCKET, OR CRESSES.
racket have they kept? I shall add, red
Descript.] WINTER-Rocket, or Winter- Roses are under Jupiter, Damask under
Cresses, hath divers somewhat large sad Venus, White under the Moon, and Pro-
green leaves lying upon the ground, torn, or {vence under the King of France. The
cut in divers parts, somewhat like unto white and red Roses are cooling and dry-
Rocket or turnip leaves, with smaller pieces ing, and yet the white is taken to exceed
next the bottom, and broad at the ends, the red in both the properties, but is seldom
which so abide all the Winter (if it spring used inwardly in any medicine: The bit-
up in Autumn, when it is used to be eaten) terness in the Roses when they are fresh,
from among which rise up divers small especially the juice, purges choler, and
round stalks, full of branches, bearing many watery humours; but being dried, and that
small yellow flowers of four leaves a-piece, {heat which caused the bitterness being con-
after which come small pods, with reddish sumed, they have then a binding and as-
seed in them. The root is somewhat stringy, tringent quality : Those also that are not
and perishes every year after the seed is full blown, do both cool and bind more
ripe.
than those that are full blown, and the
Place.] It grows of its own accord in white Rose more than the Red. The decoc-
gardens and fields, by the way-sides, in štion of red Roses made with wine and used,
divers places, and particularly in the next } is very good for the head-ache, and pains
pasture to the Conduit-head behind Gray'sį in the eyes, ears, throat, and gums; as also
Inn, that brings water to Mr. Lamb's con- } for the fundament, the lower part of the
duit in Holborn.
belly and the matrix, being bathed or put
Time.] It flowers in May, seeds in June, into them. The same decoction with the
and then perishes.to
Roses remaining in it, is profitably applied
Government and virtues.] This is pro-}to the region of the heart to ease the in-
fitable to provoke urine, to help stranguary, flammation therein; as also St. Anthony's
and expel gravel and stone. It is good for fire, and other diseases of the stomach.
the scurvy, and found by experience to be Being dried and beaten to powder, and
a singularly good wound herb to cleanse in- taken in steeled wine or water, it helps to
ward wounds; the juice or decoction being stay women's courses. The yellow threads
drank, or outwardly applied to wash foul in the middle of the Roses (which are
ulcers and sores, cleansing them by sharp- erroneously called the Rose Seed) being
ness, and hindering or abating the dead powdered and drank in the distilled water
flesh from growing therein, and healing of Quinces, stays the overflowing of women's
them by their drying quality.
courses, and doth wonderfully stay the de-
fluctions of rheum upon the gums and teeth,
preserving them from corruption, and
I HOLD it altogether needless to trouble fastening them if they be loose, being
the reader with a description of any of these, washed and gargled therewith, and some
since both the garden Roses, and the Roses i vinegar of Squills added thereto. The heads
of the briars are well enough known: take with the seed being used in powder, or in a
therefore the virtues of them as follows ; } decoction, stays the lask and spitting of
And first I shall begin with the garden blood. Red Roses do strengthen the heart,
kinds.
the stomach and the liver, and the, reten-
Government and virtues.] What a pother štive faculty: They mitigate the pains that
ROSES.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
153
arise from heat, assuage inflammations, 1 of mastich, is very good for the gonorrhea,
procure rest and sleep, stay both whites and for the looseness of the humours in the
and reds in women, the gonorrhea, or runn- body. The old Conserve mixed with Aro-
ing of the reins, and fluxes of the belly: the maticum Rosarum, is a very good cordial
juice of them doth purge and cleanse the į against faintings, swoonings, weakness,
body from choler and phlegm. The husks and tremblings of the heart, strengthens,
of the Roses, with the beards and nails of both it and a weak stomach, helps diges-
the Roses, are binding and cooling, and theįtion, stays casting, and is a very good pre-
distilled water of either of them is good for servative in the time of infection. The dry
the heat and redness in the eyes, and to Conserve, which is called the Sugar of Roses,
stay and dry up the rheums and watering is a very good cordial to strengthen the
of them. Of the Red Roses are usually made heart and spirits ; as also to stay defluc-
many compositions, all serving to sundry |tions. The syrup of dried red Roses
good uses, viz. Electuary of Roses, Con- strengthens a stomach given to casting,
serve, both moist and dry, which is more cools an over-heated liver, and the blood in
usually called Sugar of roses, Syrup of dry agues, comforts the heart, and resişts putre-
Roses, and Honey of Roses. The cordial} faction and infection, and helps to stay
powder called. Diarrhoden Abbatis, and ļ lasks and fluxes. Honey of Roses is much
Aromatica Rosarum. The distilled Water of{used in gargles and lotions to wash sores,
Roses, Vinegar of Roses, Ointment, and Oil either in the mouth, throat, or other parts,
of Roses, and the Rose leaves dried, are of both to cleanse and heal them, and to stay
great use and effect. To writeat large of every} the fluxes of humours falling upon them.
one of these, would make my book smell į It is also used in clysters both to cool and
too big, it being sufficient for a volume of} cleanse. The cordial powders, called
itself, to speak fully of them. But briefly, Diarrhoden Abbatis and Aromaticum Ro-
the Electuary is purging, whereof two or sarum, do comfort and strengthen the heart
three drams taken by itself in some con- and stomach, procure an appetite, help
venient liquor, is a purge sufficient for a digestion, stay vomiting, and are very good
weak constitution, but may be increased to } for those that have slippery howels, to
six drams, according to the strength of the strengthen them, and to dry up their mois-
patient. It purges choler without trouble, ture. Red Rose-water is well known, and
it is good in hot fevers, and pains of the of familiar use on all occasions, and better
head arising from hot choleric humours, than Damask Rose-water, being cooling and
and heat in the eyes, the jaundice also, and į cordial, refreshing, quickening the weak
joint-aches proceeding of hot humours. and faint spirits, used either in meats or
The moist Conserve is of much use, both broths, to wash the teinples, to smell at the
binding and cordial; for until it be abcut {nose, or to smell the sweet våpours thereof
two years old, it is more binding than out of a perfuming pot, or cast into a hot
cordial, and after that, more cordial than fire shovel. It is also of much good use
binding. Some of the younger Conserve { against the redness and inflammations of the
taken with mithridate mixed together, is į eyes to bathe them therewith, and the tem-
good for those that are troubled with dis- ples of the head ; as also against pain and
tillations of rheum from the brain to the ache, for which purpose also Vinegar of
nose, and defluctions of rheum into the Roses is of much good use, and to procure
eyes; as also for fluxes and lasks of the rest and sleep, if some thereof, and Rose-
belly; and being mixed with the powder water together, be used to smell unto, or the

154
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
nose and temples moistened therewith, but pound syrup is more forcible in working on
more usually to moisten a piece of a red melancholic humours; and available against
Rose-cake, cut for the purpose, and heated the leprosy, itch, tetters, &c. and the French
between a double folded cloth, with a little { disease : Also honey of Roses solutive is
beaten nutmeg, and poppy-seed strewed on made of the same infusions that the syrup
the side that must lie next to the forehead is made of, and therefore works the same
and temples, and bound so thereto all night. effect, both opening and purging, but is
The ointment of Roses is much used against ſoftener given to phlegmatic than choleric
heat and inflammations in the head, to anoint persons, and is more used in clysters than
the forehead and temples, and being mixt in potions, as the syrup made with sugar is.
with Unguentum Populneum, to procure rest: The conserve and preserved leaves of those
it is also used for the heat of the liver, the Roses are also operative in gently opening
back and reins, and to cool and heal pushes, the belly.
wheals, and other red pimples rising in the The simple water of Damask Roses is
face or other parts. Oil of Roses is not chiefly used for fumes to sweeten things, as
only used by itself to cool any hot swell- the dried leaves thereof to make sweet pow-
ings or inflammations, and to bind and stay ders, and fill sweet bags; and little use
fluxes of humours unto sores, but is also they are put to in physic, although they
put into ointments and plaisters that are have some purging quality; the wild Roses
cooling and binding, and restraining the also are few or none of them used in physic,
flux of humours. The dried leaves of the but are generally held to come near the
red Roses are used both inwardly and out- i nature of the manured Roses. The fruit of
wardly, both cooling, binding, and cordial, the wild briar, which are called Hips, being
for with them are made both Aromaticum, thoroughly ripe, and made into a conserve
Rosarum, Diarrhoden Abbatis, and Saccha-; with sugar, besides the pleasantness of the
rum Rosarum, each of whose properties are taste, doth gently bind the belly, and stay
before declared. Rose leaves and mint, defluctions from the head upon the stomach,
heated and applied outwardly to the drying up the moisture thereof, and helps
stomach, stays castings, and very much digestion. The pulp of the hips dried into
strengthen a weak stomach ; and applied } a hard consistence, like to the juice of the
as a fomentation to the region of the liver liquorice, or so dried that it may be made
and heart, do much cool and temper them, into powder and taken into drink, stays
and also serve instead of a Rose-cake (as is speedily the whites in women. The briar
said before) to quiet the over-hot spirits, ball is often used, being made into powder
and cause rest and sleep. The syrup of and drank, to break the stone, to provoke
Damask Roses is both simpleand compound, urine when it is stopped, and to ease and
and made with Agaric. The simple solutive help the cholic; some appoint it to be
syrup is a familiar, safe, gentle and easy burnt, and then taken for the same purpose.
medicine, purging choler, taken from one In the middle of the balls are often found
ounce to three or four, yet this is remarkable certain white worms, which being dried and
herein, that the distilled water of this syrup made into powder, and some of it drank,
should notably bind the belly. The syrup is found by experience of many to kill and
with Agaric is more strong and effectual, for drive forth the worms of the belly
one ounce thereof by itself will open the
body more than the other, and works as
much on phlegm as choler. The com-

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
155
ROSA SOLIS, OR SUN DFW.
ROSEMARY.
wort.
It is likewise called Red-rot, and Youth- Our garden Rosemary is so well known,
that I need not describe it.
Descript.] It hath, divers small, round, Time.] It flowers in April and May with
hollow leaves somewhat greenish, but full of į us, sometimes again in August.
certain red hairs, which make them seem
Government and virtues.] The Sun claims
red, every one standing upon his own foot- privilege in it, and it is under the celestial
stalk, reddish, hairy likewise. The leaves Ram. It is an herb of as great use with us
are continually moist in the hottest day, in these days as any whatsoever, not only
yea, the hotter the sun shines on them, the for physical but civil purposes. The phy-
moister they are, with a sliminess that will sical use of it (being my present task) is
rope (as we say,) the small hairs always very much used both for inward and outward
holding the moisture. Among these leaves diseases, for by the warming and comfort-
rise up slender stalks, reddish also, three or ing heat thereof it helps all cold diseases,
four fingers high, bearing divers small white both of the head, stomach, liver, and belly.
knobs one above another, which are flowers; The decoction thereof in wine, helps the
after which in the heads are contained cold distillations of rheum into the eyes,
small seeds. The root is a few small hairs. and all other cold diseases of the head and
Place.] It grows usually in bogs and brain, as the giddiness or swimmings
wet places, and sometimes in moist woods. therein, drowsiness or dullness of the mind
Time.] It flowers in June, and the leaves and senses like a stupidness, the dumb palsy,
are then fittest to be gathered.
or loss of speech, the lethary, and fallen-
Government and virtues.] The Sun rules { sickness, to be both drank, and the temples
it, and it is under the sign Cancer. Rose } bathed therewith. It helps the pains in the
Solis is accounted good to help those that gums and teeth, hy rheum falling into them,
have a salt rheum distilling on their lungs, not by putrefaction, causing an evil smell
which breeds a consumption, and there- } from them, or a stinking breath. It helps
fore the distilled water thereof in wine is a weak memory, and quickens the senses.
held fit and profitable for such to drink, It is very comfortable to the stomach in all
which water will be of a good yellow colour. the cold griefs thereof, helps both retention
The same water is held to be good for all of meat, and digestion, the decoction or
other diseases of the lungs, as phthisicks, į powder being taken in wine. It is a remedy
wheezings, shortness of breath, or thecough; for the windiness in the stomach, bowels,
as also to heal the ulcers that happen in the and spleen, and expels it powerfully. It
lungs ; and it comforts the heart and faint- helps those that are liver-grown, by open-
ing spirits. The leaves, outwardly applied ing the obstructions thereof. It helps dim
to the skin will raise blisters, which has eyes, and procures a clear sight, the flowers
caused some to think it dangerous to be thereof being taken all the while it is flower-
taken inwardly; but there are other things ing every morning fasting, with bread and
which will also draw blisters, yet nothing salt. Both Dioscorides and Galen say,
dangerous to be taken inwardly. There is , That if a decoction be made thereof with
an usual drink made thereof with aqua vitæ water, and they that have the yellow jaun-
and spices frequently, and without any dice exercise their bodies directly after the
offence or danger, but to good purpose taking thereof, it will certainly cure them
used in qualms and passions of the heart, The fowers and conserve made of them
(15, 16.)
S s

156
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
L.
are singularly good to comfort the heart, pursued its virtues, you will conclude it
and to expel the contagion of the pestilence; } nothing inferior to that which is brought
to burn the herb in houses and chambers, out of China, and by that time this hath
corrects the air in them. Both the flowers been as much used as that hath been, the
and leaves are very profitable for women name which the other hath gotten will be
that are troubled with the whites, if they be eclipsed by the fame of this ; take there-
daily taken. The dried leaves shred small, fore a description at large of it as follows:
and taken in a pipe, as tobacco is taken, Descript.] At the first appearing out of
helps those that have any cough, phthisic, the ground, when the winter is past, it hath
or consumption, by warming and drying a great round brownish head, rising from
the thin distillations which cause those dis- the middle or sides of the root, which opens
cases. The leaves are very much used in itself into sundry leaves one after another,
bathings ; and made into ointments or oil, very much crumpled or folded together at
are singularly good to help cold benumbed the first, and brownish : but afterwards it
joints, sinews, or members. The chymical spreads itself, and becomes smooth, very
oil drawn from the leaves and flowers, is a large and almost round, every one standing
sovereign help for all the diseases aforesaid, on a brownish stalk of the thickness of a
to touch the temples and nostrils with two į man's thumb, when they are grown to their
or three drops for all the diseases of the fulness, and most of them two feet and
head and brain spoken of before; as also more in length, especially when they grow
ro take one drop, two, or three, as the case in any moist or good ground; and the
tequires, for the inward griefs : Yet must it stalk of the leaf, from the bottom thereof to
be done with discretion, for it is very quick the leaf itself, being also two feet, the breadth
and piercing, and therefore but a little must thereof from edge to edge, in the broadest
be taken at a time. There is also another place, being alse two feet, of a sad or dark
oil made by insolation in this manner : green colour, of a fine tart or sourish taste,
Take what quantity you will of the flowers, į much more pleasant than the garden or
and put them into a strong glass close wood sorrel. From among these rise up
stopped, tie a fine linen cloth over the some, but not every year, strong thick
mouth, and turn the inouth down into stalks, not growing so high as the Patience,
another strong glass, which being set in the or garden Dock, with such round leaves as
sun, an oil will distil down into the lower grow below, but small at every joint up to
glass, to be preserved as precious for divers the top, and among the flowers, which are
nises, both inward and outward, as a sovereign white, spreading forth into many branches,
balm to heal the disease before-mentioned, consisting of five or six small leaves a-piece,
to clear dim sights, and to take away spots, hardly to be discerned from the white
marks, and scars in the skin.
threads in the middle, and seeming to be all
threads, after which come brownish three
square seeds, like unto other Docks, but
Do not start, and say, This grows you larger, whereby it may be plainly known to
know not how far off : and then ask me, be a Dock. The root grows in time to be
How it comes to pass that I bring it among very great, with divers and sundry great
our English simples? For though the name į spreading branches from it, of a dark
may speak it foreign, yet it grows with us in brownish or reddish colour on the outside,
England, and that frequent enough in our; having a pale yellow skin under it, whichi
gardens; and when you have thoroughly covers the inner substance or root, which
RHUBARE, OR REPHONTIC.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
137
BAS-
GREAT ROUND-LEAVED DOCK, OR
TARD RHUBARB.
rind and skin being pared away, the root of the stalks being divided into many small
appears of so fresh and lively a colour, branches, bear reddish or purplish flowers,
with fresh coloured veins running through and three-square seed, like unto other
it, that the choicest of that Rhubarb that is Docks. The root is long, great and yellow,
brought us from beyond the seas cannot } like unto the wild Docks, but a little redder;
excel it, which root, if it be dried carefully, and if it be a little dried, shews less store of
and as it ought (which must be in our { discoloured veins than the other does when
country by the gentle heat of a fire, in re- it is dry.
gard the sun is not hot enough here to do
it, and every piece kept from touching one
another) will hold its colour almost as well
as when it is fresh, and has been approved Descript.] This has divers large, round
of, and commended by those who have thin yellowish green leaves rising from the
oftentimes used them.
root, a little waved about the edges, every
Place.] It grows in gardens, and flowers one standing upon a reasonably thick and
about the beginning and middle of June, long brownish footstalk, from among which
and the seed is ripe in July.
rises up a pretty big stalk, about two feet
Time.] The roots that are to be dried | high, with some such high leaves growing
and kept all the year following, are not to thereon, but smaller ; at the top whereof,
be taken up before the stalk and leaves be stand in a long spike many small brownish
quite turned red and gone, and that is not į flowers, which turn into a hard three
square
until the middle or end of October, and if shining brown seed, likethe garden Patience
they be taken a little before the leaves do before described. The root grows greater
spring, or when they are sprung up, the than that, with many branches or great
roots will not have half so good a colour in fibres thereat, yellow on the outside, and
them.
somewhat pale; yellow within, with some
I have given the precedence unto this, discoloured veins like to the Rhubarb which
because in virtues also it hath the pre-emi- } is first described, but much less than it,
I come now to describe unto you especially when it is dry.
that which is called Patience, or Monk's Place and Time.] These also grow in
Rhubarb; and the next unto that, the great į gardens, and flower and seed at or near the
round-leaved Dock, or Bastard Rhubarb, same time that our true Rhubarb doth, viz.
for the one of these may happily supply in they flower in June, and the seed is ripe in
the absence of the other, being not much July,
unlike in their virtues, only one
Government and virtues.] Mars claims
powerful and efficacious than the other. į predominancy over all these wholesome
And lastly, shall shew you the virtues of all { herbs : You cry out upon him for an un-
the three sorts.
fortunate, when God created him for your
OR MONK'S RHU-
good (only he is angry with fools.) What
dishonour is this, not to Mars, but to God
himself. A dram of the dried root of
Descript.] This is a Dock bearing the Monk's Rhubarb, with a scruple of Ginger
name of Rhubarb for some purging quality made into powder, and taken fasting in a
therein, and grows up with large tall stalks, draught or mess of warm broth, purges
set with somewhat broad and long, fair, choler and phlegin downwards very gently
green leaves, not dented at all. The tops and safely without danger, The seed
nence.
more
GARDEN-PATIENCE, OR
BARB.

158
THE COMPLETE HERBAL.
eases.
thereof contrary doth bind the belly, and blood, opening obstructions, and helping
helps to stay any sort of lasks or bloody- those griefs that come thereof, as the jaun-
flux. The distilled water thereof is very dice, dropsy, swelling of the spleen, tertain
profitably used to heal scabs; also foul and daily agues, and pricking pains of the
ulcerous sores, and to allay the inflamma- sides; and also stays spitting of blood.
tion of them; the juice of the leaves or { The powder taken with cassia dissolved,
roots or the decoction of them in vinegar, { and washed Venice turpentine, cleanses the
is used as the most effectual remedy to heal } reins and strengthens them afterwards, and
scabs and running sores.
is very effectual to stay the gonorrhea. It
The Bastard Rhubarb hath all the pro- is also given for the pains and swellings in
perties of the Monk's Rhubarb, but more the head, for those that are troubled with
effectual for both inward and outward dis-melaucholy, and helps the sciatica, goul,
The decoction thereof without vine and the cramp. The powder of the Rhu-
gar dropped into the ears, takes away the barb taken with a little mummia and mad-
pains ; gargled in the mouth, takes away { der roots in some red wine, dissolves clotted
the tooth ache ; and being drank, heals the blood in the body, happening by any fall
jaundice.
The seed thereof taken, eases or bruise, and helps burstings and broken
the gnawing and griping pains of the parts, as well inward as outward. The oil
stomach, and takes away the loathing there- likewise wherein it hath been boiled, works
of unto meat. The root thereof helps the } the like effects being anointed. It is used
ruggedness of the nails, and being boiled into heal those ulcers that happen in the eyes
wine helps the swelling of the throat, com-or eyelids, being steeped and strained ; as
monly called the king's evil, as also the also to assuage the swellings and inflam-
swellings of the kernels of the ears. It mations; and applied with honey, boiled
helps thein that are troubled with the stone, in wine, it takes away all blue spots or
provokes urine, and helps the dimness of marks that happen therein. Whey or
the slght.
The roots of this Bastard Rhu- } white wine are the best liquors to steep it
barb are used in opening and purging diet- in, and thereby it works more effectual in
drinks, with other things, to open the liver, opening obstructions, and purging the
and to cleanse and cool the blood.
stomach and liver. Many do use a little
The properties of that which is called the Indian Spikenard as the best corrector
English Rhubarb are the same with the thereof.
former, but much more effectual, and hath
all the properties of the true Italian Rhu-
barbs, except the force in purging, wherein Descript.] MLADOW-Rw u rises up wito
it is but of half the strength thereof, and } a yellow stringy root, much spreading in
therefore a double quantity must be used : the ground, shooting forth new sprouts
it likewise hath not that bitterness and as- round about, with many herby green stalks,
triction ; in other things it works almost in two feet high, crested all the length of them,
an equal quantity, which are these: It set withi joints here and there, and many
purges the body of choler and phlegm, being large leaves on them, above as well as be-
either taken of itself, made into powder, and flow, being divided into "smaller leaves,
drank in a draught of white wine, or steeped nicked or dented in the fore part of them,
therein all night, and taken fasting, or put of a red green colour on the upper-side,
among other purges, as shall be thought and pale green underneath ; Toward the
convenient, cleansing the stomach, liver, and top of the stalk there shoots forth divers
MEADOW-RUE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
150
short branches, on every one whereof stand often taken in meat and drink, it abates
two, three or four small heads, or buttons, venery. A decoction thereof with some
which breaking the skin that incloses them, dried dill leaves and flowers, eases all pains
shoots forth a tuft of pale greenish yellow and torments, inwardly to be drank, and
threads, which falling away, there come in outwardly to be applied warm to the place
their places small three-cornered cods, grieved. The same being drank, helps the
wherein is contained small, long and round pains both of the chest and sides, as also
seed. The whole plant has a strong un- coughs and hardness of breathing, the in-
pleasant scent
flammations of the lungs, and the torment-
Place.] It grows in many places of this į ing pains of the sciatica and the joints, being
land, in the borders of moist meadows, and anointed, or laid to the places; as also the
ditch-sides.
shaking fits of agues, to take a draught be--
Time.] It flowers about July, or the be- fore the fit comes. Being boiled or infused
ginning of August.
in oil, it is good to help the wind cholic,
Government and virtues.] Dioscorides the hardness and windiness of the mother,
saith, That this herb bruised and applied, and frees women from the strangling or
perfectly heals old sores, and the distilled { suffocation thereof, if the share and the
water of the herb and flowers doth the like. parts thereabouts be anointed therewith. It
It'is used by some among other pot-herbs kills and drives forth the worms of the
to open the body, and make it soluble; but i belly, if it be drank after it is boiled in wine
the roots washed clean, and boiled in ale to the half, with a little honey; it helps the
and drank, provokes to stool more than the gout or pains in the joints, hands, feet or
leaves, but yet very gently. The root knees, applied thereunto ; and with figs it
boiled in water, and the places of the body helps the dropsy, being bathed therewith :
most troubled with vermin and lice washed Being bruised and put into the nostrils, it
therewith while it is warm, destroys them stays the bleeding thereof. It takes away
utterly. In Italy it is good against the wheals and pimples, if being bruised with a
plague, and in Saxony against the jaundice, ş few myrtle leaves, it be made up with wax,
as Camerarius saith.
and applied. It cures the morphew, and
takes
all sorts of warts, if boiled in
away
Rush
GARDEN-RUE. Stanou
wine with some pepper and nitre, and the
GARDEN-RUE is so well known by this į place rubbed therewith, and with almond
name, and the name Herb of Grace, that Iịand honey helps the dry scabs, or any
shall not need to write any farther descrip-} tetter or ringworm. The juice thereof
tion of it, but shall shew you the virtue of it, warmed in a pomegranate shell or rind, and
as follows.
dropped into the ears, helps the pains of
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of them. The juice of it and fennel, with a
the Sun, and under Leo. It provokes urine little honey, and the gall of a cock put there-
and women's courses, being taken either in unto, helps the dimness of the eye-sight.
meat or drink. The seed thereof taken in An ointment made of the juice thereof with
wine, is an antidote against all dangerous oil of roses, ceruse, and a little vinegar, and
medicines or deadly poisons. The leaves anointed, cures St. Anthony's fire, and all
taken either by themselves, or with figs and running sores in the head: and the stinking
walnuts, is called Mithridate's counter-poi- ulcers of the nose, or other parts. The
son against the plague, and causes all veno- antidote used by Mithridates, every morn-
mous things to become harmless ; being ing fasting, to secure himself from any
(15, 16.
T T

160
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
poison or infection, was this: Take twenty ground, about a span long, divided into
leaves of rue, a little salt, a couple of wal- { many other smaller parts full of small joints
nuts, and a couple of figs, beaten together set very thick together, whereat come forth
into a mess, with twenty juniper berries, two very small leaves of a French yellow,
which is the quantity appointed for every green coloured branches and all, where
day. Another electuary is made thus : grows forth also a number of exceedingly
Take of nitre, pepper, and cummin seed, į small yellowish flowers, scarce to be dis-
of each equal parts ; of the leaves of Rue cerned from the stalks and leaves, which
clean picked, as much in weight as all the turn into seeds as small as the very dust.
other three weighed; beat them well toge- The root is very long and small, thrusting
ther, and put as much honey as will make down deep into the ground. This has
it
up into an electuary (but you must first neither smell nor taste at first, but after-
steep your cummin seed in vinegar twenty wards has a little astringent taste, without
four hours, and then dry it, or rather roast any manifest heat; yet a little bitter and
it in a hot fire-shovel, or in an oven) and is sharp withal.
a remedy for the pains or griefs in the chest Place.] It grows in dry, sandy, and
or stomach, of the spleen, belly, or sides, rocky places.
by wind or stitches; of the liver by ob- Time.] It is fresh and green all the
structions ; of the reins and bladder by the Summer.
stopping of urine; and helps also to ex- Government and virtues.] They say Saturn
tenuate fat corpulent bodies. What an in-causes ruptures; if he do, he does no more
famy is cast upon the ashes of Mithridates, than he can cure; if you want wit, he will
or Methridates (as the Augustines read his teach you, though to your cost. This herb
name) by unworthy people. They that is Saturn's own, and is a noble antivene-
deserve no good report themselves, love to rean. Rupture-wort hath not its name in
give none to others, viz. That renowned vain: for it is found by experience to cure
King of Pontus fortified his body by poison the rupture, not only in children but also in
against poison. (He cast out devils by Beel- elder persons, if the disease be not too in-
zebub, Prince of the devils.) What a sot is veterate, by taking a dram of the powder
he that knows not if he had accustomed his į of the dried herb every day in wine, or a
body to cold poisons, but poisons would decoction made and drank for certain days
have dispatched him? on the contrary, if together. The juice or distilled water of
not, corrosions would have done it. The the green herb, taken in the same manner,
whole world is at this present time beholden helps all other fluxes either of man or
to him for his studies in physic, and he that { woman; vomitings also, and the gonorrhea,
uses the quantity but of an hazel-nut of that being taken any of the ways aforesaid. It
receipt every morning, to which his name doth also most assuredly help those that
is adjoined, shall to admiration preserve have the stranguary, or are troubled with
his body in health, if he do but consider the stone or gravel in the reins or bladder.
that Rue is an herb of the Sun, and under The same also helps stitches in the sides,
Leo, and gather it and the rest accord- griping pains of the stomach or belly, the
ingly
obstructions of the liver, and cures the yel-
low jaundice; likewise it kills also the
worms in children. Being outwardly ap-
Descript.] This spreads very many plied, it conglutinates wounds notably, and
thready branches round about upon the helps much to stay defluctions of rheum
2 ,
RUPTURE-WORT.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
161
RUSHES.
A
SAFFRON.
from the head to the eyes, nose, and teeth, did describe it, they would presently say,
being bruised green and bound thereto; or I might as well have spared that labour.
the forehead, temples, or the nape of the Its virtue follows.
neck behind, bathed with the decoction of Government and virtues.] Rye is more
the dried herb. It also dries up the mois-digesting than wheat; the bread and the
ture of fistulous ulcers, or any other that are leaven thereof ripens and breaks impos-
foul and spreading.
thumes, boils, and other swellings: The
meal of Rye put between a double cloth,
and moistened with a little vinegar, and
ALTHOUGH there are many kinds of heated in a pewter dish, set over a chafing
Rushes, yet I shall only here insist upon { dish of coals, and bound fast to the head
those which are best known, and most while it is hot, doth much ease the continual
medicinal; as the bulrushes, and other of pains of the head. Matthiolus saith, that
the soft and smooth kinds, which grow so {the ashes of Rye straw put into water, and
commonly in almost every part of this land, steeped therein a day and a night, and the
and are so generally noted, that I suppose chops of the hands or feet washed therewith,
it needless to trouble you with any des- doth heal them.
cription of them : Briefly then take the
virtues of them as follows:
Government and virtues.] The seed of THE herb needs no description, it being
the soft Rushes, (saith Dioscorides and { known generally where it
grows.
Galen, toasted, saith Pliny) being drank in Place.] It grows frequently at Walden
wine and water, stays the lask and women’s in Essex, and in Cambridgeshire.
courses, when they come down too abun- Government and virtues.] It is an herb
daily: but it causes head-ache; it pro- of the Sun, and under the Lion, and there-
vokes sleep likewise, but must be given į fore you need not demand a reason why it
with caution. The root boiled in water, to strengthens the heart so exceedingly. Let
the consumption of one third, helps the not above ten grains be given at one time,
cough.
for the Sun, which is the fountain of light,
Thus you see that conveniences have may dazzle the eyes, and make them blind;
their inconveniences, and virtue is seldom a cordial being taken in an immoderate
unaccompanied with some vices. What i quantity, hurts the heart instead of help-
I have written concerning Rushes, is to ing it. It quickens the brain, for the Sun
satisfy my countrymen's questions : Are is exalted in Aries, as he hath his house in
our Rushes good for nothing? Yes, and as Leo. It helps consumptions of the lungs,
good let them alone as taken. There are and difficulty of breathing. It is excellent
remedies enough without them for any dis- in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, small-
ease, and therefore as the proverb is, I care pox, and measles. It is a notable expul-
not a rush for them; or rather they will do sive medicine, and a notable remedy for the
you as much good as if one had given you yellow, jaundice. My opinion is, (but I
a Rush.
have no author for it) that hermodactyls are
nothing else but the roots of Saffron dried ;
and my reason is, that the roots of all
This is so well known in all the counties crocus, both" white and yellow, purge
of this land, and especially to the country- phlegm as hermodactyls do; and if you
people, who feed much thereon, that if I please to dry the roots of any crocus, neither
RYE.

162
SATHE COMPLETE HERBAL CIVA
SAGE.
your eyes nor your taste shall distinguish { with wormwood is good for the bloody-flux.
them from hermodactyls. Het Pliny saith, it procures women's courses,
wolol atriy all and stays them coming down too fast: helps
vai .
the stinging and biting of serpents, and kills
s.Our ordinary garden Sage needs no the worms that breed in the ear, and in
description. dbnis mai 2009 noverol sores. Sage is of excellent use to help the
Time.] It flowers in or about July. and memory, warming and quiekening the
Government and virtues.] Jupiter claims senses; and the conserve made of the flowers
this, and bids me tell you, it is good for the is used to the same purpose, and also for all
liver, and to breed blood. A decoction of the former recited diseases. The juice of
the leaves and branches of Sage made and Sage drank with vinegar, hath been of good
drank, saith Dioscorides, provokes urine, use in time of the plague at all times.
brings down women's courses, helps to Gargles likewise are made with Sage, rose
expel the dead child, and causes the hair mary, honey-suckles, and plantain, boiled
to become black. It stays the bleeding of in wine or water, with some honey or allum
wounds, and cleanses foul ulcers. Three put thereto, to wash sore inouths and
spoonfuls of the juice of Sage taken fasting, throats, cankers, or the secret parts of man
with a little honey, doth presently stay the or woman, as need requires. And with
spitting or casting of blood of them that are other hot and comfortable herbs, Sage is
in 'a consumption. These pills are much boiled to bathe the body and the legs in the
commended ; Take of spikenard, ginger, Summer time, especially to warm cold
of each two drams; of the seed of Sage joints, or sinews, troubled with the palsy
toasted at the fire, eight drams; of long and cramp, and to comfort and strengthen
pepper, twelvedrams; all these being brought the parts. It is much commended against
into powder, put thereto so much juice of the stitch, or pains in the side coming of
Sage as may make them into a mass of wind, if the place be fomented warm with
pills, taking a dram of them every morning, the decoction thereof in wine, and the
fasting, and so likewise at night, drinking i herb also after boiling be laid warm there-
a little pure water after them. Matthiolus unto.
saith, it is very profitable for all manner
To je 392
o rotan
of pains in the head coming of cold and not WOOD-SAGE
O direct
rheumatic humours: as also for all pains of
bao95
the joints, whether inwardly or outwardly, Descript.] WOOD-SAGE rises up with
and therefore helps the falling-sickness, the square hoary stalks, two feet high at the
lethargy such as are dull and heavy of least, with two leaves set at every joint,
spirit, the palsy; and is of much use in all somewhat like other Sage leaves, but
defluctions of rheum from the head, and for smaller, softer, whiter, and rounder, and a
the diseases of the chest or breast. The little dented about the edges, and smelling
leaves of Sage and nettles bruised together, somewhat stronger. At the tops of the
and laid upon the imposthume that rises i stalks and branches stand the flowers, on a
behind the ears, doth assuage it much. slender like spike, turning themselves all
The juice of Sage taken in warm water, one way when they blow, and are of a pale
helps a hoarseness and a cough. The and whitish colour, smaller than Sage, but
leaves sodden in wine, and laid upon the hooded and gaping like unto them. The
place affected with the palsy, helps much, į seed is blackish and round; four usually
áf the decoction be drank: Also Sage taken i seem in a husk together: the root is long

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
163
and stringy, with divers fibres thereat, and one, and sometimes also two stalks, with
abides many years.
flowers at the foot of a leaf, which are with:-
Place.] It grows in woods, and by out any scent at all, and stand on one side
wood-sides ; as also in divers fields and of the stalk. After they are past, come in
bye-lanes in the land.
their places small round berries great at the
Time.] It flowers in June, July, and first, and blackish green, tending to blueness
August.
when they are ripe, wherein lie small,
Government and virtues.] The herb is white, hard, and stony seeds. The root is
under Venus. The decoction of the Wood of the thickness of one's finger or thumb,
Sage provokes urine and women's courses: white and knotted in some places, a Alat
It also provokes sweat, digests humours, round circle representing a Seal, whereof it
and discusses swellings and nodes in the took the name, lying along under the upper
flesh, and is therefore thought to be good crust of the earth, and not growing down-
against the French pox. The decoction ward, but with many fibres underneath.
of the green herb, made with wine, is a safe Place.] It is frequent in divers places of
and sure remedy for those who by falls, this land ; as, namely in a wood two miles
bruises, or blows, suspect some vein to be from Canterbury, by Fish-Pool Hill, as also
inwardly broken, to disperse and void the in Bushy Close belonging to the parsonage
congealed blood, and to consolidate the of Alderbury, near Clarendon, two miles
veins. The drink used inwardly, and the from Salisbury: in Cheffon wood, on Ches-
herb used outwardly, is good for such as son Hill
, between Newington and Sitting-
are inwardly or outwardly bursten, and is bourn in Kent, and divers other places in
found to be a sure remedy for the palsy. Essex, and other counties.
The juice of the herb, or the powder there- Time.] It flowers about May: The
of dried, is good for moist ulcers and sores root abides and shoots a-new every year.
in the legs, and other parts, to dry them, Government and virtues.]. Saturn owns
and cause them to heal more speedily. It the plant, for he loves his bones well. The
is no less effectual also in green wounds, to root of Solomon's Sealis found by experience
be used upon any occasion.
to be available in wounds, hurts, and out-
ward sores, to heal and close up the lips of
SOLOMON'S SEAL.
those that are green, and to dry up and
Descript.]
The common
Solomon's restrain the flux of humours to those that
Seal rises up with a round stalk half a yard are old. It is singularly good to stay
high, bowing or- bending down to the vomitings and bleeding wheresoever, as
ground, set with single leaves one above also all fluxes in man or woman ; also, to
another, somewhat large, and like the leaves knit any joint, which by weakness uses to
of the lily-convally, or May-lily, with an be often out of place, or will not stay in
eye of bluish upon the green, with some long when it is set; also to knit and join
ribs therein, and more yellowish under- broken bones in any part of the body, the
neath. At the foot of every leaf, almost iroots being bruised and applied to the
from the bottom up to the top of the stalk, places ; yea, it hath been found by expe-
come forth small, long, white and hollow }rience, and the decoction of the root in
pendulous flowers, somewhat like the wine, or the bruised root put into wine or
flowers of May-lily, but ending in five long other drink, and after a nights infusion,
points, for the most part two together, at the strained forth hard and drank, hath helped
end of a long foot-stalk, and sometimes but both man and beast, whose bones hath been
(17, 18.)
U U

164
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
SANICLE.
SAMPHIRE.
broken by any occasion, which is the most are the cause of most of the diseases which
assured refuge of help to people of divers the frail nature of man is subject to; both
counties of the land that they can have. It which might be remedied by a more fre-
is no less effectual to help ruptures and įquent use of this herb. If people would
burstings, the decoction in wine, or the have sauce to their meat, they may take
powder in broth or drink, being inwardly some for profit as well as for pleasure. It
taken, and outwardly applied to the place is a safe herb, very pleasant both to taste
The same is also available for inward or out- and stomach, helps digestion, and in some
ward bruises, falls or blows, both to dispel sort opening obstructions of the liver and
the congealed blood, and to take away spleen : provokes urine, and helps thereby
both the pains and the black and blue; to wash away the gravel and stone engen-
marks that abide after the hurt. The same dered in the kidneys or bladder.
also, or the distilled water of the whole
plant, used to the face, or other parts of the
skin, cleanses it from morphew, freckles, Tuis herb is by many called Butter-
spots, or marks whatsoever, leaving the wort.
place fresh, fair, and lovely; for which Descript.] Ordinary Sanicle sends forth
purpose it is much used by the Italian many great round leaves, standing upon
Dames
long brownish stālks, erery, one somewhat
deeply cut or divided into five or six parts,
and some of these also cut in somewhat like
Descript.] Rock Samphire grows up } the leaf of crow's-foot, or dove’s-foot, and
with a tender green stalk about half a yard, i finely dented about the edges, smooth, and
or two feet high at the most, branching of a dark shining colour, and somewhat
forth almost from the very bottom, and ; reddish about the brims; from among
stored with sundry thick and almost round { which arise up small, round green stalks,
(somewhat long) leaves of a deep green without any joint or leaf thereon, saving at
colour, sometimes two together, and some- the top, where it branches forth into flowers,
times more on a stalk, and sappy, and of having a leaf divided into three or four
a pleasant, hot, and spicy taste. At the parts at that joint with the flowers, which
top of the stalks and branches stand umbels are small and white, starting out of small
of white flowers, and after them come large įround greenish yellow heads, many stand-
seed, bigger than fennel seed, yet some-king together in a tuft, in which afterwards
what like it. The root is great, white, and are the seeds contained, which are small
long, continuing many years, and is of an šround burs, somewhat like the leaves of
hot and spicy taste likewise.
clevers, and stick in the same manner upon
Place.] It grows on the rocks that are any thing that they touch. The root is
often moistened at the least, if not over-composed of many blackish strings or
flowed with the sea water.
fibres, set together at a little long head,
Time.] And it flowers and seeds in the which abides with green leaves all the Win-
end of July and August
ter, and perishes not.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of Place.] It is found in many shadowy
Jupiter, and was in former times wont to be woods, and other places of this land.
used more than now it is; the more is the Time.] It flowers in June, and the seed
pity. It is well known almost to every is ripe shortly after
body, that ill digestions and obstructions Government and drtues.] This is one of
ܕ

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
165
Venus's herbs, to cure the wounds or mis- no leaf appears in the Winter. The taste
chiefs Mars inflicts upon the body of man, hereof is strong and unpleasant ; and so is
It heals green wounds speedily, or any } the smell also.
ulcers, imposthumes, or bleedings inward, Place.] It grows in moist and wet
also tumours in any part of the body; for grounds, by wood-sides, and sometimes in
the decoction or powder in drink taken, moist places of shadowy groves, as also by
and the juice used outwardly, dissipates the water side.
the humours: and there is not found any Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed
herb that can give such present help either is soon ripe, and carried away with the
to man or beast, when the disease falleth wind.
upon the lungs or throat, and to heal up Government and virtues.] Saturn owns
putrid malignant ulcers in the mouth, the herb, and it is of a sober condition, like
throat, and privities, by gargling or wash-} him. Among the Germans, this wound
ing with the decoction of the leaves and herb is preferred before all others of the
roots made in water, and a little honey put same quality. Being boiled in wine, and
thereto. It helps to stay women's courses, drank, it helps the indisposition of the
and all other fluxes of blood, either by the liver, and freeth the gall from obstructions ;
mouth, urine, or stool, and lasks of the whereby it is good for the yellow jaundice,
belly; the ulcerations of the kidneys also, and for the dropsy in the beginning of it;
and the pains in the bowels, and gonorrhea, for all inward ulcers of the reins, mouth or
being boiled in wine or water, and drank. Įthroat, and inward wounds and bruises,
The same also is no less powerful to help likewise for such sores as happen in the
any ruptures or burstings, used both in- privy parts of men and women; being steeped
wardly and outwardly: And briefly, it is in wine, and then distilled, the water there-
as effectual in binding, restraining, conso- of drank, is singularly good to ease all gnaw-
lidating, heating, drying and healing, asings in the stomach, or other pains of the
comfrey, bugle, self-heal, or any other of body, as also the pains of the mother: and
the vulnerary herbs whatsoever.
being boiled in water, it helps continual
SARACEN'S CONFOUND, OR SARACEN'S
OR SARACEN's agues ; and the said water, or the simple
water of the herb distilled, or the juice or
decoction, are very effectual to heal any
Descript.] This grows sometimes, with green wound, or old sore or ulcer what-
brownish stalks, and other whiles with soever, cleansing them from corruption,
green, to a man's height, having narrow and quickly healing them up: Briefly,
green leaves snipped about the edges, some- whatsoever hath been said of bugle or sani-
what like those of the peach-tree, or willow cle, may be found herein.
leaves, but not of such a white green colour.
The tops of the stalks are furnished with
SAUCE-ALONE, OR JACK-BY-THE-HEDGE-
many yellow star-like flowers, stánding in
green heads, which when they are fallen, Descript.] The lower leaves of this are
and the seed ripe, which is somewhat long, rounder than those that grow towards the
small and of a brown colour, wrapped in top of the stalks, and are set singly on a
down, is therefore carried away with the joint being somewhat round and broad,
wind. The root is composed of fibres set pointed at the ends, dented also about the
together at a head, which perishes not in edges, somewhat resembling nettle leaves
Winter, although the stalks dry away and for the forın, but of a fresher green colour,
WOUNDWORT.
SIDE.

166
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
not rough or pricking : The flowers are you all the year, if you love yourself and
white, growing at the top of the stalks one your ease, and it is a hundred pounds to a
above another, which being past, follow penny if you do not; keep it dry, make
small round pods, wherein are contained i conserves and syrups of it for your use, and
round seed somewhat blackish. The root withal, take notice that the Summer kind
stringy and thready, perishes every year į is the best. They are both of them hot
after it hath given seed, and raises itself and dry, especially the Summer kind,
again of its own sowing. The plant, or which is both sharp and quick in taste,
any part thereof, being bruised, smells of expelling wind in the stomach and bowels,
garlic, but more pleasantly, and tastes and is a present help for the rising of the
somewhat hot and sharp, almost like unto mother procured by wind ; provokes urine
rocket.
and women's courses, and is much com-
Place.] It grows under walls, and by mended for women with child to take in-
hedge-sides, and path-ways in fields in wardly, and to smell often unto. It cures
many places.
tough phlegm in the chest and lungs, and
Time.] It flowers in June, July, and helps to expectorate it the more easilys
August.
quickens the dull spirits in the lethargy, the
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of į juice thereof being snuffed up into the
Mercury. This is eaten by many country { nostrils. The juice dropped into the eyes,
people as sauce to their salt fish, and helps clears a dull sight, if it proceed of thin cold
well to digest the crudities and other cor-} humours distilled from the brain. The
rupt humours engendered thereby. It juice heated with the oilof Roses, and dropped
warms also the stomach, and causes diges- into the ears, eases them of the noise and
tion. The juice thereof boiled with honey singing in them, and of deafness also.
is accounted to be as good as hedge mus- Outwardly applied with wheat flour, in
tard for the cough, to cut and expectorate manner of a poultice, it gives ease to the
the tough phlegm. The seed bruised and sciatica and palsied members, heating and
boiled in wine, is a singularly good remedy warming them, and takes away their pains.
for the wind colic, or the stone, being drank It also takes away the pain that comes by
warm : It is also given to women troubled stinging of bees, wasps, &c.
with the mother, both to drink, and the
sced put into a cloth, and applied while it
is warm, is of singularly good use. The To describe a plant so well known is need-
leaves also, or the seed boiled, is good to be less, it being nursed up almost in every gar-
used in clysters to ease the pains of the den, and abides green all the Winter.
stone. The green leaves are held to be Government and virtues.] It is under the
good to heal the ulcers in the legs. dominion of Mars, being hot and dry in
the third degree, and being of exceeding
clean parts, is of a very digesting quality.
Both these are so well known (being If you dry the herb into powder, and mix
entertained as constant inhabitants in our it with honey, it is an excellent remedy to
gardens) that they need no description. cleanse old filthy ulcers and fistulas; but
Government and virtues.] Mercury claims it hinders them from healing. The same is
dominion over this herb, neither is there excellently good to break carbuncles and
a better remedy against the colic and iliac{ plague-sores; also helps the king's evil,
passion, than this berb; keep it dry by being applied to the place. Being spread
SAVINE.
WINTER AND SUMMER SAVOURY.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
167
THE COMMON WHITE SAXIFRAGE.
BURNET SAXIFRAGE.
over a piece of leather, and applied to the them, and to expel it and the gravel by
navel, kills the worms in the belly, helps urine; to help the stranguary ; for which
scabs and itch, running sores, cankers, tet- purpose the decoction of the herb or roots
ters, and ringworms; and being applied to in white wine, is most usual, or the powder
the place, may haply cure venereal sores. { of the small kernelly root, which is called
This I thought good to speak of, as it may { the seed, taken in white wine, or in the
be safely used outwardly, for inwardly it same decoction made with white wine, is
cannot be taken without manifest danger. most usual: The distilled water of the
whole herb, root and flowers, is most fami-
liar to be taken. It provokes also women's
Descript.] This hath a few small red courses, and frees and cleanses the stomach
dish kernels of roots covered with some and lungs from thick and tough phlegm
skins, lying among divers small blackish that trouble them.
There are not many
fibres, which send forth divers round, faint better medicines to break the stone than
or yellow green leaves, and greyish under-this.
neath, lying above the grounds, unevenly
dented about the edges, and somewhat
hairy, every one upon a little foot-stalk, Descript.] The greater sort of our
from whence rises up round, brownish, English Burnet Saxifrage grows up with.
hairy, green stalks, two or three feet high, { divers long stalks of winged leaves, set
with a few such like round leaves as grow directly, opposite one to another on both
below, but smaller, and somewhat branched sides, each being somewhat broad, and a,
at the top, whereon stand pretty large white little pointed and dented about the edges,
flowers of five leaves a-piece, with some of a sad green colour. At the top of the
yellow threads in the middle, standin in a stalks stand umbels of white flowers, after
song crested, brownish green husk. After which come small and blackish seed. The
the flowers are past, there arises sometimes { root is long and whitish, abiding long. Our
a round hard head, forked at the top, lesser Burnet Saxifrage hath much finer
wherein is contained small black seed, but leaves than the former, and very small, and
usually they fall away without any seed, set one against another, deeply jagged
and it is the kernels or grains of the root about the edges, and of the same colour as
which are usually called the White Saxi- { the former. The umbels of the flowers are
frage-seed, and so used.
white, and the seed very small, and so is
Place.] It grows in many places of our the root, being also somewhat hot and quick
land, as well in the lower-most, as in the in taste.
upper dry corners of meadows, and grassy Place.] These grow in moist meadows
sandy places. It used to grow near Lamb's of this land, and are easy to be found being
conduit, on the backside of Gray's Inn. well sought for among the grass, wherein
Time.] It flowers in May, and then many times they lay hid scarcely to be dis-
gathered, as well for that which is called cerned.
the seed, as to distil, for it quickly perishes Time.] They flower about July, and
down to the ground when any hot weather their seed is ripe in August.
Noel Government and virtues.] They are both
Government and virtues.] It is very ef- of them herbs of the Moon. The Saxi-
feetual to cleanse the reins and bladder, \frages are hot as pepper; and Tragus saith,
and to dissolve the stone engendered in by his experience, that they are wholesome
(17, 18.)
COIL
Sis
comes.

168
TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL
They have the same properties the pars-great, white and thick, growing down deep
leys have, but in provoking urine, and into the ground, and abides many years.
causing the pains thereof, and of the wind There is another sort of Field Scabious
and colic, are much more effectual, the different in nothing from the former, but
roots or seed being used either in powder, only it is smaller in all respects.
or in decoctions, or any other way; and
The Corn Scabious differs little from the
likewise helps the windy pains of the first, but that it is greater in all respects,
mother, and to procure their courses, and and the flowers more inclining to purple,
to break and void the stone in the kidneys, and the root creeps under the upper crųst
to digest cold, viscous, and tough phlegm of the earth, and runs not deep into the
in the stomach, and is an especial remedy ground as the first doth.
against all kind of venom. Castoreum Place.] The first grows more usually in
being boiled in the distilled water thereof, meadows, especially about London every
is singularly good to be given to those that where. Boyd
are troubled with cramps and convulsions. The second in some of the dry fields
Some do use to make the seeds into comfits about this city, but not so plentifully as the
(as they do carraway seeds) which is effec- } former.
tual to all the purposes aforesaid. The The third in standing corn, or fallow
juice of the herb dropped into the most fields, and the borders of such like fields.
grievous wounds of the head, dries up their Time.] They flower in June and July,
moisture, and heals them quickly. Some and some abide flowering until it be late in
women use the distilled water to take away | August, and the seed is ripe in the mean
freckles or spots in the skin or face; and time.
to drink the same sweetened with sugar for There are many other sorts of Scabious,
all the purposes aforesaid.
but I take these which I have here des-
cribed to be most familiar with us. The
virtues of both these and the rest, being
much alike, take them as follow.
Descript.] COMMON field Scabious grows
Government and virtues.] Mercury owns
up with many hairy, soft, whitish green the plant. Scabious is very effectual for
leaves, some whereof are very little, if at } all sorts of coughs, shortness of breath, and
all jagged on the edges, others very much all other diseases of the breast and lungs,
rent and torn on the sides, and have threads ripening and digesting cold phlegm, and
in them, which upon breaking may be other tough humours, voids them forth by
plainly seen; from among which rise up coughing and spitting : It ripens also all
divers hairy green stalks, three or four feet sorts of inward ulcers and imposthumes ;
high, with such like hairy green leaves on pleurisy also, if the decoction of the herb
them, but more deeplyand finely divįded and dry or green be made in wine, and drank
branched forth a little: At the tops thereof, for some time together.y. Four ounces of
which are naked and bare of leaves for a the clarified juice of Scabious taken in the
good space, stand round heads of flowers, morning fasting, with a dram of mithridate,
of a pale blueish colour, set together in a or Venice treacle, frees the heart from any
head, the outermost whereof are larger than infection of pestilence, if after the taking
the inward, with many threads also in the of it the party sweat two hours in bed, and
middle, somewhat flat at the top, as the this medicine be again and again repeated,
head with the seed is likewise; the root is if need require. The green herb bruised
SCABIOUS, THREE SORTS.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
169
and applied to any carbuncle or plague grass hath many thick flat leaves, more
sore, is found by certain experience to dis- long than broad, and sometimes longer and
solve and break it in three hours space. narrower ; sometimes also smooth on the
The same decoction also drank, helps the edges, and sometimes a little waved; some-
pains and stitches in the side. The decoc- times plain, smooth and pointed, of a sad
tion of the roots taken for forty days toge- green, i and sometimes a blueish colour,
ther, or a dram of the powder of them every one standing by itself upon a long
taken at a time in whey, doth (as Matthi- {foot-stalk, which is brownish or greenish
olus saith) wonderfully help those that are also, from among which arise many slender
troubled with running of spreading scabs, stalks, bearing few leaves thereon like the
tetters, ringworms, yea, although they pro- ļother, but longer and less for the most
ceed from the French pox, which, he saith part: At the tops whereof grow many
he hath tried by experience. The juice or whitish flowers, with yellow threads in the
decoction drank, helps also scabs and middle, standing about a green head, which
breakings-out of the itch, and the like, į becomes the seed vessel, which will be
The juice also made up into an ointment isomewhat flat when it is ripe, wherein is
and used, is effectual for the same purpose. contained reddish seed, tasting somewhat
The same also heals all inward wounds by hot. The root is made of many white
the drying, cleansing, and healing quality strings, which stick deeply into the mud,
therein : And à syrup made of the juice wherein it chiefly delights, yet it will well
and sugar, is very effectual to all the pur- abide in the more upland and drier ground,
poses aforesaid, and so is the distilled water and tastes a little brackish and salt even
of the herb and flowers made in due season, there, but not so much as where it hath the
especially to be used when the green herb salt water to feed upon.
is not in force to be taken. The decoction
Place.] It grows all along the Thames
of the herb and roots outwardly applied, sides, both on the Essex and Kentish
doth wonderfully help all sorts of hard or shores, from Woolwich round about the
cold swellings in any part of the body, is sea costs to Dover, Portsmouth, and even
effectual for shrunk sinews or veins, and to Bristol, where it is had in plenty; the
heals green wounds, old sores, and ulcers. other with round leaves grows in the marshes
The juice of Scabious, made up with the in Holland, in Lincolnshire, and other
powder of Borax and Samphire, cleanses places of Lincolnshire by the sea side. 5 s
the skin of the face, or other parts of the Descript.] There is also another sort
body, not only from freckles and pimples, called Dutch Scurvygrass, which is most
but also from morphew and leprosy: the known, and frequent in gardens, which has
head washed with the decoction, cleanses it { fresh, green, and almost round leaves rising
frorn dandriff, scurf, sores, itch, and the from the root, not so thick as the former,
like, used warm. The herb bruised and yet in some rich ground, very large, even
applied, doth in a short time loosén, and twice as big as in others, not dented about
draw forth; any splinter, broken bone, the hedges, or hollow in the middle, standing
arrow head, or other such like thing lying on a long foot-stalk ; from among these
in the flesh. I noget om man boorise long, slender stalks, higher than the for-
to tie bomer, with more white flowers at the tops of
them, which turn into small pods, and
smaller brownish seed than the former.
Descript.] The ordinary English Scurvy- The root is white; small and thready. The
SCURVYGRASS.

170
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
taste is nothing salt at all ; it hath a hot, the ground, whereby it is made a great tuft
aromatical spicy taste.
in a short time.
Time.] It flowers in April and May, Place.] It is found in woods and fields
and gives seed ripe quickly after.
every where.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of Time.] It flowers in May, and some-
Jupiter. The English Scurvy grass is more times in April.
used for the salt taste it bears, which doth Government and virtues.] Here is another
somewhat
open
and cleanse; but the Dutch herb of Venus, Self-heal, whereby when
Scurvygrass is of better effect, and chiefly 1 you are hurt you may heal yourself: It is
used (if it may be had) by those that have a special herb for inward and outward
the scurvy, and is of singular good effect to wounds. Take it inwardly in syrups for
cleanse the blood, liver, and spleen, taking inward wounds: outwardly in unguents,
the juice in the Spring every morning fast- and plaisters for outward. As Self-heal is
ing in a cup of drink. The decoction is like Bugle in form, so also in the qualities
good for the same purpose, and opens and virtues, serving for all the purposes
obstructions, evacuating cold, clammy and } whereto Bugleis applied to with good success,
phlegmatic humours both from the liver either inwardly or outwardly, for inward
and the spleen, and bringing the body to a } wounds or ulcers whatsoever within the
more lively colour. The juice also helps } body, for bruises or falls, and such like
all foul ulcers and sores in the mouth, hurts. If it be accompanied with Bugle,
gargled therewith; and used outwardly, Sanicle, and other the like wound herbs,
cleanses the skin from spots, marks, or scars it will be more effectual to wash or inject
that happen therein.
into ulcers in the parts outwardly. Where
there is cause to repress the heat and sharp-
ness of humours flowing to any sore, ulcers,
inflammations, swellings, or the like, or to
Descript.] The common Self-heal which stay the fluxes of blood in any wound or
is called also Prunel, Carpenter's Herb, įpart, this is used with some good success ;
Hook-heal, and Sickle-wort, is a small, low, as also to cleanse the foulness of sores, and
creeping herb, having many small
, roundishcause them more speedily to be healed. It
pointed leaves, like leaves of wild mints, of, is an especial remedy for all green wounds,
a dark green colour, without dents on the į to solder the lips of them, and to keep the
edges; from among which rise square hairy { place from any further inconveniencies.
stalks, scarce a foot high, which spread The juice hereof used with oil of roses to
sometimes into branches with small leaves anoint the temples and forehead, is
ef-
set thereon, up to the top, where stand fectual to remove head ache, and the same
brown spiked heads of small brownish mixed with honey of roses, cleanses and
leaves like scales and flowers set together, heals all ulcers, in the mouth, and throat,
almost like the heads of Cassidony, which and those also in the secret parts. And the
flowers are gaping, and of a blueish purple, proverb of the Germans, French, and
or more pale blue, in some places sweet, others, is verified in this, That he needs
but not so in others. The root consists of neither physician nor surgeon that hath Self-
niany fibres downward, and spreading heal and Sanicle to help himself
strings also whereby it increases. The
small stalks, with the leaves creeping on the
ground, shoot forth fibres taking hold on
very
SELF-HEAL.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
171
THE SERVICE-TREE.
it
SMALLAGE.
being bound to the wrists of the hands, ane.
the soles of the feet, it helps the yellow
The herb being made in to a
Ir is so well known in the place where jaundice.
poultice, helps inflammations and St. An-
grows, that it needs no description.
Time.) It flowers before the end of thony's fire. The juice being dropped into
May, and the fruit is ripe in October.
the ears, heals the pains, noise, and m ttei -
A good ointment mav be
Government and virtues.] Services, when ings thereof.
they are mellow, are fit to be taken to stay in the head.
made of it for all wounds, especially wounds
fluxes, scouring, and casting, yet less than
medlers. , If they be dried before they be
mellow, and kept all the year, they may be
used in decoctions for the said purpose,
either to drink, or to bathe the parts re-
This is also very well known, and there-
any
quiring it; and are profitably used in that fore I shall not trouble the reader with
manner to stay the bleeding of wounds, description thereof.
and of the mouth or nose, to be applied to
Place.] It grows naturally in dry and
the forehead and nape of the neck ; and are
marshy ground; but if it be sown in gar-
dens, it there prospers very well
.
under the dominion of Saturn.
Time.] It abides green all the Winter,
SHEPHERD'S PURSE.
and seeds in August.
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
It is called Whoreman's Permacety, Mercury. Smallage is hotter, drier, and
Shepherd's Scrip, Shepherd's Pounce, Toy- much more medicinal than parsley, for it
wort, Pickpurse, and Casewort.
much more opens obstructions of the liver
Descript.] The root is small, white, and and spleen, rarefies thick phlegm, and
perishes every year. The leaves are small cleanses it and the blood withal. It p as
and long, of a pale green colour, and deeply vokes urine and women's courses, and is
cut in on both sides, among which spring singularly good against the yellow jaundice,
up a stalk which is small and round, con- tertian and quartan agues, if the juic
taining small leaves upon it even to the top. thereof be taken, but especially made u
The flowers are white and very small; after into a syrup. The juice also put to honey
which come the little cases which hold the of roses, and barley-water, is very good to
seed, which are flat, almost in the form of į gargle the mouth and throat of those that
a heart.
have sores and ulcers in them, and will
Place.] They are frequent in this nation, quickly heal them. The same lotion also
almost by every path-side.
cleanses and heals all other foul ulcers and
Time.] They flower all the Summer cankers elsewhere, if they be washed there.
long; nay some of them are so fruitful, that with. The seed is especially used to break
they flower twice a year.
and expel wind, to kill worms, and to help
Government and virtues.] It is under the fa stinking breath. The root is effectual to
dominion of Saturn, and of a cold, dry, all the purposes aforesaid, and is held to
and binding nature, like to him. It helps be stronger in operation than the herb, but
all fluxes of blood, either caused by inward especially to open obstructions, and to rid
or outward wounds; as also flux of the away any ague, if the juice thereof be taken
belly, and bloody flux, spitting blood, and in wine, or the decoction thereof in wine
bloody urine, stops the terms in women ;{ used.
(17, 18.)
Y Y

172
CLID THE COMPLETE HERBAL VA
me abasil oli to two on barod or
Government and virtues.] It
It is under the
SOPE WORT, OR BRUISE WORT,
dominion of Venus. Sorrel is prevalent in
all hot diseases, to cool any inflammation
Descript.] The roots creep under and heat of blood in agues pestilential or
ground far and near, with many joints choleric, or sickness and fainting, arising
therein, of a brown colour on the outside { from heat, and to refresh the overspent
and yellowish within, shooting forth in spirits with the violence of furious or fiery
divers places weak round stalks, full of fits of agues ; to quench thirst, and procure
joints, set with two leaves a-piece at every anappetitein fainting or decaying stomachs:
one of them on a contrary side, which are For it resists the putrefaction of the blood,
ribbed somewhat like to plantain, and kills worms, and is a cordial to the heart,
fashioned like the common field white cam- which the seed doth more effectually, being
pion leaves, seldom having any branches more drying and binding, and thereby stays
from the sides of the stalks, but set with the hot fluxes of women's courses, or of
flowers at the top, standing in long husks humours in the bloody flux, or flux of the
like the wild campions, made of five leaves stomach. The root also in a decoction, or
a-piece, round at the ends, and dented in in powder, is effectual for all the said pur-
the middle, of a rose colour, almost white, poses. Both roots and seeds, as well as the
sometimes deeper, sometimes paler; of a herb, are held powerful to resist the poison
reasonable scent.
of the scorpion. The decoction of the roots
Place.] It grows wild in many low and is taken to help the jaundice, and to expel
wet grounds of this land, by brooks and the į the gravel and the stone in the reins or kid-
sides of running waters.
neys. The decoction of the flowers made
Time.] It flowers usually in July, and with wine and drank, helps the black jaun-
so continues all August, and part of Sep- dice, as also the inward ulcers of the body
tember, before they be quite spent. and bowels. A syrup made with the juice
Government and virtues.] Venus owns it. of Sorrel and fumitory, is a sovereign help
The country people in divers places do use to kill those sharp humours that cause the
to bruise the leaves of Sopewort, and lay ità itch. The juice thereof, with a little vine-
to their fingers, hands or legs, when they įgar, serves well to be used outwardly for
are cut, to heal them up again. Some the same cause, and is also profitable for
make great boast thereof, that it is diureti- tetters, ringworms, &c. It helps also to
cal to provoke urine, aud thereby to expel discuss the kernels in the throat; and the
gravel and the stone in the reins or kidneys, juice gargled in the mouth, helps the sores
and do also account it singularly good to therein. The leaves wrapt in a colewort
void hydropical waters: and they no less leaf and roasted in the embers, and applied
extol it to perform an absolute cure in the to a hard imposthume, botch, boil, or plague
French pox, more than either sarsaparilla, sore, doth both ripen and break it. The
guiacum, or China can do; which, how 3 distilled water of the herb is of much good
true it is, I leave others to judge.
use for all the purposes aforesaid.
DE 10 croiron
dist oli alpino ai monte 90 abiti PREU gibrid bu
Risco o vilcieninowbOOD SORBED 10 stud ils
Our ordinary Sorrel, which grows in Descript.] This grows upon the ground,
gardens, and also wild in the fields, is so having a number of leaves coming from
well known, that it needs no description. the root made of three leaves, like a trefoil,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
SOW THISTLE.
but broad at the ends, and cut in the mid-
dle, of a yellowish green colour, every one sure
standing on a long foot-stalk, which at Sow Thistles are generally so well known,
their first coming up are close folded toge- that they need no description. It
lodii asili
ther to the stalk, but opening themselves Place. They grow in gardens and
afterwards, and are of a fine sour relish, manured grounds, sometimes by old walis,
and yielding a juice which will turn red { pathsides of fields, and high ways. ldoni
when it is clarified, and makes a most Government and virtues.] This and the
dainty clear syrup. Among these leaves former are under the influence of Venus.
rise up divers slender, weak foot-stalks, Sow Thistles are cooling, and somewhat
with every one of them a flower at the top, binding, and are very fit to cool a hot
consisting of five small pointed leaves, star- stomach, and ease the pains thereof. The
fashion, of a white colour, in most places, herb boiled in wine, is very helpful to stay
and in some dashed over with a small show the dissolution of the stomach, and the milk
of blueish, on the back side only. After that is taken from the stalks when they are
the flowers are past, follow small round broken, given in drink, is beneficial to those
heads, with small yellowish seed in them. that are short winded, and have a wheez-
The roots are nothing but small strings ing. Pliny saith, That it hath caused the
fastened to the end of a small long piece ; gravel and stone to be voided by urine, and
all of them being of a yellowish colour. that the eating thereof helps a stinking
Place.] It grows in many places of our breath. The decoction of the leaves and
land, in woods and wood-sides, where they stalks causes abundance of milk in nurses,
be moist and shadowed, and in other places and their children to be well coloured. The
not too much upon the Sun.
juice or distilled water is good for all hot
Time.] It flowers in April and May. inflammations, wheals, and erputions or
Government and virtues.] Venus owns it heat in the skin, itching of the hæmorr-
Wood Sorrel serves to all the purposes that hoids. The juice boiled or thoroughly
the other Sorrels do, and is more effectual heated in a little oil of bitter almonds in the
in hindering putrefaction of blood, and peel of a pomegranate, and dropped into
ulcers in the mouth and body, and to the ears, is a sure remedy for deafness, sing-
quench thirst, to strengthen a weak stomach, {ings, &c. Three spoonfuls of the juice
to procure an appetite, to stay vomiting, taken, warmed in white wine, and some
and very excellent in any contagious sick- { wine put thereto, causes women in travail
ness or pestilential fevers. The syrup made to have so easy and speedy a delivery, that
of the juice, is effectual in all the cases they may be able to walk presently after.
aforesaid, and so is the distilled water of It is wonderful good for women to wash
the herb. Sponges or linen cloths wet in their faces with, to clear the skin, and give
the juice and applied outwardly to any hot it a lustre. 'i bine
swelling or inflammations, doth much cool
and help them. The same juice taken and
gargled in the mouth, and after it is spit SOUTHERN Wood is so well known to be
forth, taken afresh, doth wonderfully help a an ordinary inhabitant in our gardens,
foul stinking canker or ulcer therein. It that I shall not need to trouble you with
is singularly good to heal wounds, or to any description thereof. otol bidor
stay the bleeding of thrusts or scabs in the Time.] It flowers for the most part in
body.
July and August. of a
zo stond
SOUTHERN WOOD

174
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
SPIGNEL, OR SPIKENARD.
Government and virtues. It is a gallant
mercurial plant, worthy of more esteem
than it hath. Dioscorides saith, That the Descript.] The roots of common Spig.
seed bruised, heated in warm water, and nel do spread much and deep in the ground,
drank, helps those that are bursten, or{ many strings or branches growing from one
troubled with cramps or convulsions of the head, which is hairy at the top, of a black-
sinews, the sciatica, or difficulty in making ish brown colour on the outside, and white
water, and bringing down women's courses. within, from whence rise sundry long stalks
The same taken in wine is an antidote, or taste, from whece rise sundry long stalks
counter-poison against all deadly poison, of most fine cut leaves ' like hair, smaller
and drives away serpents and other venom- than dill, set thick on both sides of the
ous creatures ; as also the smell of the herb, stalks, and of a good scent. Among these
being burnt, doth the same. The oil thereof leaves rise up round stiff stalks, with a few
anointed on the back-bone before the fits of joints and leaves on them, and at the tops
agues come, takes them away: It takes {an umbel of pure white flowers; at the
away inflammations in the eyes, if it be put {edges whereof sometimes will be seen a
with some part of a roasted quince, and shew of the reddish blueish colour, especi-
boiled with a few crumbs of bread, and ap- {ally before they be full blown, and are
plied. Boiled with barley-meal it takes succeeded by small, somewhat round seeds,
away pimpels, pushes or wheals that arise bigger than the ordinary fennel, and of a
in the face, or other parts of the body. brown colour, divided into two parts, and
The seed as well as the dried herb, is often crusted on the back, as most of the umbel-
given to kill the worms in children : The liferous seeds are.
herb bruised and laid to, helps to draw forth Place. It grows wild in Lancashire,
splinters and thorns out of the flesh. The Yorkshire, and other northern counties, and
ashes thereof dries up and heals old ulcers, is also planted in gardens.
that are without inflammation, although by Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
the sharpness thereof it bites sore, and puts Venus. Galen saith, The roots of Spignel
them to sore pains; as also the sores in the are available to provoke urine, and women's
privy parts of man or woman. The ashes courses ; but if too much thereof be taken,
mingled with old sallad oil, helps those that it causes head-ache. The roots boiled in
have hair fallen, and are bald, causing the wine or water, and drank, helps the stran-
hair to grow again either on the head or guary and stoppings of the urine, the wind,
beard. Daranters saith, That the oil made swellings and pains in the stomach, pains
of Southern-wood, and put among the oint- of the mother, and all joint-aches. If the
ments that are used against the French dis- powder of the root be mixed with honey,
ease, is very effectual, and likewise kills and the same taken as a licking medicine,
lice in the head. The distilled water of the it breaks tough phlegm, and dries up the
herb is said to help them much that are rheum that falls on the lungs. The roots are
troubled with the stone, as also for the dis-accounted very effectual against the sting-
eases of the spleen and mother. The Ger-ing or biting of any venomous creature
mans commend it for a singular wound
OR HEART'S
herb, and therefore call it Stabwort. It is
held by all writers, ancient and modern,
to be more offensive to the stomach than Descript.] The smooth Spleen wort, from
worni-wood.
a black, thready and bushy root, sends forth
SPLEENWORT, CETERACH, OR
TONGUE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
175
many long single leaves, cut in on both down to the ground, that it seems a pretty
sides into round dents almost to the middle, į bush, set with divers the like divided leaves
which is not so hard as that of polypody, up to the tops, where severally do stand
each division being not always set opposite small whitish green heads, set with sharp
unto the other, cut between each, smooth, white pricks (no part of the plant else being
and of a light green on the upper side, and prickly) which are somewhat yellowish;
a dark yellowish roughness on the back, out of the middle whereof rises the flowers,
folding or rolling itself inward at the first composed of many small redaish purple
springing up.
threads; and in the heads, after the flowers
Place.] It grows as well upon stone are past, come small whitish round seed,
walls, as moist and shadowy places, about lying down as others do. The root is small,
Bristol, and other the west parts plentifully;}long and woody, perishing every year, and
as also on Framlingham Castle, on Bea- } rising again of its own sowing.
consfield church in Berkshire, at Stroud in
Place.] It grows wild in the fields about
Kent, and elsewhere, and abides green all London in many places, as at Mile-End
the Winter.
green, and many other places.
Government and virtues.] Saturn owns it. Time.] It flowers early, and seeds in
It is generally used against infirmities of{ July, and sometimes in August.
the Spleen: It helps the stranguary, and Government and virtues.] This, as almost
wasteth the stone in the bladder, and is all Thistles are, is under Mars. The seed
good against the yellow jaundice and the of this Star Thistle made into powder, and
hiccough; but the juice of it in women drank in wine, provokes urine, and helps
hinders conception. Matthiolus saith, That to break the stone, and drives it forth. The
if a dram of the dust that is on the back- root in powder, and given in wine and
side of the leaves be mixed with half a dram drank, is good against the plague and pes-
of amber in powder, and taken with the tilence; and drank in the morning fasting
juice of purslain or plantain, it helps the for some time together, it is very profitable
gonorrhea speedily, and that the herb and } for fistulas in any part of the body.
root being boiled and taken, helps all Baptista Sardas doth much commend the
melancholy diseases, and those especially distilled water thereof, being drank, to help
that arise from the French diseases, the French disease, to open the obstructions
Camerarius saith, That the distilled water of the liver, and cleanse the blood from
thereof being drank, is very effectual against corrupted humours, and is profitable against
the stone in the reins and bladder; and the quotidian or tertian ague,
that the lye that is made of the ashes there-
of being drank for some time together,
helps splenetic persons. It is used in out-
wurd remedies for thesame purpose,
These are so well known through this
de beland, that they need no description.
Time.] They flower in May ordinarily,
Descript.] A COMMON Star Thistle has and the fruit is ripe shortly after.ails liste
divers narrow leaves lying next the ground, Government and virtues.] Venus o vns the
cut on the edges somewhat deeply into herb. Strawberries, when they are green,
many parts, soft or a little woo ly, all over are cool and dry; but when they are ripe,
green, among which rise up divers weak they are cool and moist: The berries are
stalks, parted into many branches, a'l lying excellently good to cool the liver, the blood,
(17, 18.)
STRAWBERRIES.
TAR THISTLE.
2 Z

176
GO THE COMPLETE HERBALIZA
and the spleen, or an hot choleric stomach ; į and for such other defects in them as may
to refresh and comfort the fainting spirits, be helped by any outward medicine,
and quench thirst: They are good also for borrelog
SUCCORY, OR CHICORY.
other inflammations; yet it is not amiss to
refrain from them in a fever, lest by their Descript.] The garden Succory hath
putrifying in the stomach they increase long and narrower leaves than the Endive,
the fits. The leaves and roots boiled } and more cut in or torn on the edges, and
in wine and water, and drank, do like- the root abides many years. It bears also
wise cool the liver and blood, and assuage { blue flowers like Endive, and the seed is
all inflammations in the reins and bladder, hardly distinguished from the seed of the
provoke urine, and allay the heat and smooth or ordinary Endive.
sharpness thereof. The same also being The wild Succory bath divers long leaves
drank stays the bloody flux and women's lying on the ground, very much cut in or
courses, and helps the swelling of the torn on the edges, on both sides, even to the
spleen. The water of the Berries carefully middle rib, ending in a point; sometimes
distilled, is a sovereign remedy and cordial/it hath a rib down to the middle of the
in the panting and beating of the heart, { leaves, from among which rises up a hard,
and is good for the yellow jaundice. The round, woody stalk, spreading into many
juice dropped into foul ulcers, or they branches, set with smaller and less divided
washed therewith, or the decoction of the leaves on them up to the tops, where stand
he:b and root, doth wonderfully cleanse the flowers, which are like the garden kind,
and help to cure them. Lotions and gar- and the seed is also (only take notice that
gles for sore mouths, or ulcers therein, or in the flowers of the garden kind are gone in
the privy parts or elsewhere, are made with on a sunny day, they being so cold, that
the leaves and roots thereof; which is also they are not able to endure the beams of the
good to fasten loose teeth, and to heal sun, and therefore more delight in the shade)
spungy foul gums. It helps also to stay the root is white, but more hard and woody
catarrhs, or defluctions of rheum in the than the garden kind. The whole plant is
mouth, throat, teeth, or eyes. The juice or exceedingly bitter.
water is singularly good for hot and red Place.] This grows in many places of
inflamed eyes, if dropped into them, or they our land in waste untilled and barren fields.
bathed therewith. It is also of excellent {The other only in gardens.
property for all pushes, wheals and other Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
breakings forth of hot and sharp humours Jupiter. Garden Succory, as it is more
in the face and hands, and other parts of dry and less cold than Endive, so it opens
the body, to bathe them therewith, and to more. An handful of the leaves, or roots
take away any redness in the face, or spots, boiled in wine or water, and a draught
or other deformities in the skin, and to make thereof drank fasting, drives forth choleric
it clear and smooth. Some use this medi- and phlegmatic humours, opens obstruc-
cine, Take so many Strawberries as you štions of the liver, gall and spleen; helps the
shall think fitting, and put them into a dis- yellow jaundice, the heat of the reins, and
tillatory, or body of glass fit for them, which of the urine; the dropsy also ; and those
being well closed, set it in a bed of horse that have an evil disposition in their bodies,
dung for your use. It is an excellent water by reason of long sickness, evil diet, &c.
for hot inflamed eyes, and to take away a which the Greeks call Cachexia. A decoc-
film or skin that begins to grow over them, tion thereof made with wine, and drank, is

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
177
ENGLISH TOBACCO.
very effectual against long lingering agues; of choler, thereby preventing diseases
and a dram of the seed in powder, drank in arising from choleric humours. It expels
wine, before the fit of the ague, helps to poison much, resists pestilential fevers, being
drive it away. The distilled water of the exceeding good also for tertian agues : You
herb and flowers (if you can take them in { may drink the decoction of it, if you please,
time) hath the like properties, and is es- $ for all the foregoing infirmities. It is so
pecially good for hot stomachs, and in harmless an herb, you can scarce use it
agues, either pestilential or of long con- } amiss : Being bruised and applied to the
tinuance;o for swoonings and passions of place, it helps the king's evil, and any other
the heart, for the heat and head-ache in knots or kernels in the flesh; as also the
children, and for the blood and liver. The piles. To aders and be dois door
said water, or the juice, or the bruised
leaves applied outwardly, allay swellings, -qo be
inflammations, St. Anthony's fire, pushes, Descript.] This rises up with a round
wheals, and pimples, especially used with {thick stalk, about two feet high, whereon
a little vinegar; as also to wash pestiferous do grow thick, flat green leaves, nothing so
sores. The said water is very effectual for large as the other Indian kind, somewhat
sore eyes that are inflamed with redness, round pointed also, and nothing dented
for nurses' breasts that are pained by the about the edges. The stalk branches forth,
abundance of milk.
į and bears at the tops divers flowers set on
The wild Succory, as it is more bitter, great husks like the other, but nothing so
so it is more strengthening to the stomach | large : scarce standing above the brims of
and liver. id est laborup
the husks, round pointed also, and of a
STONE-CROP, PRICK-MADAN, OR SMALL- follows is not so bright, but larger, con
greenish yellow colour. The seed that
e tained in the like great heads. The roots
Descript.] It grows with divers trailing are neither so great nor woody; it perishes
branches upon the ground, set with many every year with the hard frosts in Winter,
thick, flat, roundish, whitish green leaves, but rises generally from its own sowing.
pointed at the ends. The flowers stand Place.] This came from some parts of
many of them together, somewhat loosely. Brazil, as it is thought, and is more familiar
The roots are small, and run creeping under in our country than any of the other sorts ;
ground. Let
ma early giving ripe seed, which the others sel-
Place.] It grows upon the stone walls } dom do bolas bre boeiud droll
and mud walls, upon the tiles of houses and Time.] It flowers from June, sometimes
pent-houses, and amongst rubbish, and in to the end of August, or later, and the seed
other gravelly places. Yould
er stor bobnioripens in the mean time. pengolo diod 2002
Time.] It flowers in June and July, and Government and virtues.] It is a martial
the leaves are green all the Winter. es un plant. It is found by good experience to
Government and virtues.] It is under the be available to expectorate tough phlegm
dominion of the Moon, cold in quality, from the stomach, chest, and lungs. The
and something binding, and therefore very i juice thereof made into a syrup, or the dis-
good to stay defluctions, especially such as stilled water of the herb drank with some
fall upon the eyes. It stops bleeding, both sugar, or without, if you will, or the smeak
inward and outward, helps cankers, and all taken by a pipe, as is usual, bul fainting,
fretung sores and ulcers; it abates the heat helps to expel worins in the stomach and
HOUSELEEK.

178
CE THE COMPLETE HERBAL
belly, and to ease the pains in the head, or jor June, and the seed is ripe and blown
megrim, and the griping pains in the bowels. į away in the beginning of September.
It is profitable for those that are troubled Government and virtues.] A gallant Sa-
with the stone in the kidneys, both to ease turnine herb it is. The root, leaves, young
the pains by provoking urine, and also to branches, or bark boiled in wine, and drank,
expel gravel and the stone engendered stays the bleeding of the hæmorrhodical
therein, and hath been found very effectual veins, the spitting of blood, the too abound-
to expel windiness, and other humours, {ing of women's courses, the jaundice, the
which cause the strangling of the mother. cholic, and the biting of all venomous ser-
The seed hereof is very effectual to expel pents, except the asp; and outwardly ap-
the tooth ache, and the ashes of the burnt plied, is very powerful against the hardness
herb to cleanse the gums, and make the { of the spleen, and the tooth-ache, pains in
teeth white. The herb bruised and ap- the ears, red and watering eyes. The de-
plied to the place grieved with the king's coction, with some honey put thereto, is
evil, helps it in nine or ten days effectually. good to stay gangrenes and fretting ulcers,
Monardus saith, it is a counter poison and to wash those that are subject to nits
against the biting of any venomous crea- and lice. Alpinus and Veslingius affirm,
ture, the herb also being outwardly applied | That the Egyptians do with good success
to the hurt place. The distilled water is use the wood of it to cure the French dis-
often given with some sugar before the fit ease, as others do with lignum vitæ or
of an ague, to lessen it, and take it away in įguiacum; and give it also to those who
three or four times using. If the distilled have the leprosy, scabs, ulcers, or the like.
fæces of the herb, having been bruised be- } Its ashes doth quickly heal blisters raised
fore the distillation, and not distilled dry, by burnings or scaldings. It helps the
be set in warm dung for fourteen days, and { dropsy, arising from the hardness of the
afterwards be hung in a bag in a wine spleen, and therefore to drink out of cups
cellar, the liquor that distills therefrom is made of the wood is good for splenetic
singularly good to use in cramps, aches, persons. It is also helpful for melancholy,
the gout and sciatica, and to heal itches, and the black jaundice that arise thereof.
scabs, and running ulcers, cankers, and all
foul sores whatsoever. The juice is also
good for all the said griefs, and likewise to
kill lice in children's heads.
GARDEN Tansy is so well known, that
herb bruised and applied to any green it needs no description.
wounds, cures any fresh wound or cut Time.] It flowers in June and July.
whatsoever: and the juice put into old Government and virtues.] Dame Venus was
sores, both cleanses and heals them. There minded to pleasure women with child by this
also made hereof a singularly good salve herb, for there growsnotan herb, fitter for their
to help imposthumes, hard tumours, and use than this is ; it is just as though it were
other swellings by blows and falls. cut out for the purpose. This herb bruised
and applied to the naval, stays miscarriages;
I know.no herb like it for that use : Boiled
in ordinary beer, and the decoction drank,
It is so well known in the place where it doth the like ; and if her womb be not as
grows, that it needs no description.
she would have it, this decoction will make
Time.] It flowers about the end of May, it so. Let those women that desire chil-
GARDEN TANSY.
The green
THE TAMARISK TREE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
179
dren love this herb, it is their best com- and it is true enough, that it will stop the
panion, their husbands excepted. Also it terms, if worn so, and the whites too, for
consumes the phlegmatic humours, the cold { ought I know. It stays also spitting or
and moist constitution of Winter most vomiting of blood. The powder of the
usually affects the body of man with, and herb taken in some of the distilled water,
that was the first reason of eating tansies in helps the whites in women, but more es-
the Spring. The decoction of the common pecially if a little coral and ivory in pow-
Tansy, or the juice drank in wine, is a sin- der be put to it.
a sin- der be put to it. It is also recommended
gular remedy for all the griefs that come to help children that are bursten, and have
by slopping of the urine, helps the stran- a rupture, being boiled in water and salt.
guary and those that have weak reins and Being boiled in water and drank, it eases
kidneys. It is also very profitable to dis- the griping pains of the bowels, and is good
solve and expel wind in the stomach, belly, for the sciatica and joint-aches
. The same
or bowels, to procure women's courses, and boiled in vinegar, with honey and allum,
expel windiness in the matrix, if it be bruis- and gargled in the mouth, eases the pains
ed and often smelled unto, as also applied of the tooth-ache, fastens loose teeth, helps
to the lower part of the belly. It is also the gums that are sore, and settles the
very profitable for such women as are given palate of the mouth in its place, when it is
to miscarry. It is used also against the fallen down. It cleanses and heals ulcers
stone in the reins, especially to men. The in the mouth, or secret parts, and is very
herb fried with eggs (as it is the custom in good for inward wounds, and to close the
the Spring-time) which is called a Tansy, lips of green wounds, and to heal old, moist,
helps to digest and carry downward those and corrupt running sores in the legs or
bad humours that trouble the stomach. elsewhere. Being bruised and applied to
The seed is very profitably given to chil- the soles of the feet and hand wrists, it
dren for the worms, and the juice in drink wonderfully cools the hot fits of agues, be
is as effectual. Being boiled in oil, it is they never so violent. The distilled water
good for the sinews shrunk by cramps, or ; cleanses the skin of all discolourings there-
pained with colds, if thereto applied. in, as morphew, sun-burnings, &c. as also
pimples, freckles, and the like; and
dropped into the eyes, or cloths wet therein
This is also so well known, that it needs and applied, takes away the heat and in-
no description.
flammations in them.
Place.] It grows in every place.
Time.] It flowers in June and July
Government and virtues.] Now Daine Of these are many kinds growing here in
Venus hath fitted women with two herbs of England which are so well known, that
one nante, the one to help conception, and they need no description: Their difference
the other to maintain beauty, and what is easily known on the places where they
more can be expected of her? What now grow, viz.
emains for you, but to love your husbands, Place.] Some grow in fields, some in
and not to be wanting to your poor neigh- meadows, and some among the corn ; others
bours ? Wild Tansy stays the lask, and all on heaths, greens, and waste grounds in
the fluxes of blood in men and women, many places.
it will do, if the green herb Tinne.] They flower in June and August,
be worn in the shoes, so it be next the skin ; land their seed is ripe quickly after.
(17, 18.)
WILD TANSY, OR SILVER WEED.
THISTLES.
which some say
3 A

180
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
What a
THE MELANCHOLY THISTLE.
Government and virtues.] Surely Mars being drank, expels superfluous melancholy
rules it, it is such a prickly business. All out of the body, and makes a man as merry
these thistles are good to provoke urine, as a cricket ; superfluous melancholy causes
and to mend the stinking smell thereof; as į care, fear, sadness, despair, envy, and many
also the rank smell of the arm-pits, or the evils more besides; but religion teaches to
whole body; being boiled in wine and wait upon God's providence, and cast our
drank, and are said to help a stinking care upon him who cares for us.
breath, and to strengthen the stomach. fine thing were it if men and women could
Pliny saith, That the juice bathed on the live so ? And yet seven years' care and fear
place that wants hair, it being fallen off, makes a man never the wiser, nor a farthing
will cause it to grow speedily.
richer. Dioscorides saith, the root borne
about one doth the like, and removes all
diseases of melancholy. Modern writers
Descript.] It rises up with tender single laugh at him ; Let them laugh that win : my
hoary green stalks, bearing thereon four or opinion is, that it is the best remedy against
five green leaves, dented about the edges; all melancholy diseases that grows; they
the points thereof are little or nothing that please may use it.
prickly, and at the top usually but one head,
OUR LADY'S THISTLE.
yet sometimes from the bosom of the upper-
most leaves there shoots forth another small Descript.] Our Lady's Thistle hath
head, scaly and prickly, with many reddish divers very large and broad leaves lying on
thrumbs or threads in the middle, which the ground cut in, and as it were crumpled,
being gathered fresh, will keep the colour but somewhat hairy on the edges, of a white
a long time, and fades not from the stalk a green shining colour, wherein are many
long time, while it perfects the seed, which lines and streaks of a milk, white colour,
is of a mean bigness, lying in the down, running all over, and set with many sharp
The root hath many strings fastened to the and stiff prickles all about, among which
head, or upper part, which is blackish, and rises up one or more strong, round, and
perishes not.
prickly stalks, set full of the like leaves up
There is another sort little differing from to the top, where at the end of every branch,
the former, but that the leaves are more comes forth a great prickly Thistle-like
green above, and more hoary underneath,{head, strongly armed with prickles, and
and the stalk being about two feet high, with bright purple thumbs rising oul of the
bears but one scaly head, with threads and middle ; after they are past, the seed grows
seeds as the former.
in the said heads, lying in soft white down,
Place.] They grow in many moist mea- which is somewhat flattish in the ground,
dows of this land,
as well in the southern, as į and many strings and fibres fastened there-
in the northern parts.
unto. All the whole plant is bitter in taste.
Time.] They flower about July or Place.] It is frequent on the banks of
August, and their seed ripens quickly after. almost every ditch.
Government and virtues.] It is under Time.] It flowers and seeds in June,
Capricorn, and therefore under both Saturn July, and August.
and Mars, one rids melancholy, by sympa- Government and virtues.] Our Lady's
thy, the other by antipathy. Their virtues Thistle is under Jupiter, and thought to be
are but few, but those not to be despised ;jas effectual as Carduus Benedictus for
for the decoction of the thistle in wine agues, and to prevent and cure the infection

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
181
of the plague: as also to open the obstruc- persons that have their bodies drawn toge-
tions of the liver and spleen, and thereby is ther by some spasm or convulsion, or other
good against the jaundice. It provokes infirmities; as the rickets (or as the college
urine, breaks and expels the stone, and is of physicians would have it, Rachites, about
good for the dropsy. It is effectual also for which name they have quarrelled sufficiently)
the pains in the sides, and many other in- in children, being a disease that hinders
ward pains and gripings. The seed and their growth, by binding their nerves,
distilled water is held powerful to all the ligaments, and whole structure of their
purposes aforesaid, and besides, it is often body.
applied both outwardly with cloths or
THE FULLER'S THISTLE, OR TEASLE.
spunges to the region of the liver, to cool
the distemper thereof, and to the region of It is so well known, that it needs no
the heart, against swoonings and the pas- {description, being used with the cloth-
sions of it. It cleanses the blood exceed workers."
ingly: and in Spring, if you please to boil The wild Teasle is in all things like the
the tender plant (but cut off the prickles, former, but that the prickles are small, soft,
unless you have a mind to choak yourself) and upright, not hooked or stiff, and the
it will change your blood as the season { flowers of this are of a fine blueish, or pale
changes, and that is the way to be safe. carnation colour, but of the manured kind,
whitish.
THE WOOLLEN, OR, COTTON THISTLE.
Place.] The first grows, being sown in
Descript.] This has many large leaves į gardens or fields for the use of clothworkers:
lying upon the ground, somewhat cut in, The other near ditches and rills of water in
and as it were crumpled on the edges, of a many places of this land.
green colour on the upper side, but covered Time.] They flower in July, and are ripe
over with a long hairy wool or cotton down, in the end of August.
set with most sharp and cruel pricks; from Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
the middle of whose heads of flowers come Venus. Dioscorides saith, That the root
forth many purplish crimson threads, and bruised and boiled in wine, till it be thick,
sometimes white, although but seldom. and kept in a brazen vessel, and after spread
The seed that follow in those white downy as a salve, and applied to the fundament,
heads, is somewhat large and round, re- doth heal the cleft thereof, cankers and
sembling the seed of Lady's Thistle, but fistulas therein, also takes away warts and
paler. The root is great and thick, spread- wens. The juice of the leaves dropped into
ing much, yet usually dies after seed time. the ears, kills worms in them. The dis-
Place.] It grows on divers ditch-banks, ſtilled water of the leaves dropped into the
and in the corn-fields, and highways, gene eyes, takes away redness and mists in them
rally throughout the land, and is often that hinder the sight, and is often used by
growing in gardens.
women to preserve their beauty, and to take
Government and virtues.] It is a plant of away redness and inflammations, and all
Mars. Dioscorides and Pliny write, That other heat or discolourings.
the leaves and roots hereof taken in drink,
help those that have a crick in their neck,
that they cannot turn it, unless they turn Descript.] It rises up with a hard round
their whole body. Galen saith, That the į stalk, about a foot high, parted into some
roots and leaves hereof are good for such branches, having divers soft green leaves
TREACLE MUSTARD.

182
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
MITHRIDATE MUSTARD.
long and narrow, set thereon, waved, but resisting poison, venom and putrefaction.
not cut into the edges, broadest towards the It is also available in many cases for which
ends, somewhat round pointed; the flowers the common Mustard is used, but somewhat
are white that grow at the tops of the weaker.
branches, spike-fashion, one above another;
THE BLACK THORN, OR SLOE-BUSH.
after which come round pouches, parted in
the middle with a furrow, having one black- It is so well known, that it needs no
ish brown seed on either side, somewhat description.
sharp in taste, and smelling of garlick, Place.] It grows in every county in the
especially in the fields where it is natural, hedges and borders of fields.
but not so much in gardens : The roots Time.] It flowers in April, and some-
are small and thready, perishing every year. times in March, but the fruit ripens after all
Give me leave here to add Mithridate other plums whatsoever, and is not fit to
Mustard, although it may seem more pro- be eaten until the Autumn frost mellow
perly by the name to belong to M, in the them.
alphabet.
Government and virtues.] All the parts of
the Sloe-Bush are binding, cooling, and
dry, and all effectual to stay bleeding at the
Descript.] This grows higher than the nose and mouth, or any other place; the
former, spreading moreand higher branches, } lask of the belly or stomach, or the bloody
whose leaves are smaller and narrower, flux, the too much abounding of women's
sometimes unevenly dented about the edges. courses, and helps to ease the pains of the
The flowers are small and white, growing | sides, and bowels, that come by overmuch
on long branches, with much smaller and scouring, to drink the decoction of the bark
rounder vessels after them, and parted in of the roots, or more usually the decoction
the same manner, having smaller brown of the berries, either fresh or dried. The
seeds than the former, and much sharper in conserve also is of very much use, and more
taste. The root perishes after seed time, familiarly taken for the purposes aforesaid.
but abides the first Winter after springing. But the distilled water of the flower first
Place.] They grow in sundry places in steeped in sack for a night, and drawn
this land, as half a mile from Hatfield, by therefrom by the heat of Balneum and
the river side, under a hedge as you go to Anglico, a bath, is a most certain remedy,
Hatfield, and in the street of Peckham on tried and approved, to ease all manner of
Surrey side
gnawings in the stomach, the sides and
Time.] They flower and seed from May } bowels, or any griping pains in any of them,
to August.
to drink a small quantity when the extre-
Government and virtues.] Both of them {mity of pain is upon them. The leaves
are herbs of Mars. The Mustards are said } also are good to make lotions to gargle and
to purge the body both upwards and down- wash the mouth and throat, wherein are
wards, and procure women's courses so swellings, sores, or kernels ; and to stay the
abundantly, that it suffocates the birth. defluctions of rheum to the eyes, or other
It breaks inward imposthumes, being taken parts ; as also to cool the heat and inflam-
inwardly; and used in clysters, helps the mations of them, and ease hot pains of the
sciatica. The seed applied, doth the same. head, to bathe the forehead and temples
It is an especial ingredient in mithridate therewith. The simple distilled water of
and treacle, being of itself an antidote the flowers is very effectual for the said
05.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
183
purposes, and the condensate juice of the applied with a little flour and wax to chile
Sloes. The distilled water of the green dren's navels that stick forth, it helps them.
berries is used also for the said effects.
THYME.
THOROUGH WAX, OR THOROUGH LEAF.
It is in vain to describe an herb so com-
monly known.
Descript.] COMMON Thorough-Wax Government and virtues.] It is a noble
sends forth a strait round stalk, two feet strengthener of the lungs, as notable a one
high, or better, whose lower leaves being as grows; neither is there scarce a better
of a bluish colour, are smaller and narrower remedy growing for that disease in children
than those up higher, and stand close there- which they commonly call the Chin-cough,
to, not compassing it; but as they grow { than it is. It purges the body of phlegm,
higher, they do not encompass the stalks, and is an excellent remedy for shortness of
until it wholly pass through them, branch- breath. It kills worms in the belly, and
ing toward the top into many parts, where being a notable herb of Venus, provokes
the leaves grow smaller again, every one the terms, gives safe and speedy delivery
standing singly, and never two at a joint. {to women in travail, and brings away the
The flowers are small and yellow, standing şafter birth. It is so harmless you need not
in tufts at the heads of the branches, where fear the use of it. An ointment made of it
afterwards grow the seed, being blackish, takes away hot swellings and warts, helps
many thick thrust together. The root is the sciatica and dullness of sight, and takes
small, long and woody, perishing every away pams and hardness of the spleen.
year, after seed-time, and rising-again plen- Tis excellent for those that are troubled
tifully of its own sowing.
with the gout.
It eases pains in the loins
Place.] It is found growing in many and hips. The herb taken any way in-
corn-fields and pasture grounds in this wardly, comforts the stomach much, and
land.
expels wind.
Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed
WILD THYME, OR MOTHER OF THYME.
is ripe in August.
Government and virtues.] Both this and Wild Thyme also is so well known, that
the former are under the influence of it needs no description.
Saturn. Thorough-Wax is of singular good Place.] It may be found commonly in
use for all sorts of bruises and wounds either commons, and other barren places through-
inward or outward; and old ulcers and out the nation.
sores likewise, if the decoction of the herb Government and virtues.] It is under the
with water and wine be drank, and the dominion of Venus, and under the sign
place washed therewith, or the juice of the Aries, and therefore chiefly appropriated
green herb bruised, or boiled, either by to the head.' It provokes urine and the
itself, or with other herbs, in oil or hog's / terms, and eases the griping pain of the
grease, to be inade into an ointment to serve belly, cramps, ruptures, and inflamation
all the year. The decoction of the herb, of the liver. If you make a vinegar of the
or powder of the dried herb, taken inwardly, herb, as vinegar of roses is made (you may
and the same, or the leaves bruised, and find out the way in my translation of the
applied outwardly, is singularly good for London Dispensatory) and anoint the head
all ruptures and burstings, especially in with it, it presently stops the pains thereof.
children before they be too old. Being It is excellently good to be given either in
(19, 20.)
3 B

184
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
TORMENTIL, OR SEPTFOIL.
phrenzy or lethargy, although they are two is an ingredient in all antidotes or counter
contrary diseases: It helps spitting and poisons. Andreas Urlesius is of opinion
voiding of blood, coughing, and vomiting; that the decoction of this root is no less
it comforts and strengthens the head, effectual to cure the French pox than Gui-
stomach, reins, and womb, expels wind, acum or China; and it is not unlikely,
and breaks the stone. sito delle because it so mightily resists putrefaction. ..
The root taken inwardly is most effectual
to help any flux of the belly, stomacb,
Descript.] This hath reddish, slender, spleen, or blood ; and the juice wonder-
weak branches rising from the root, lying fully opens obstructions of the liver and
on the ground, rather leaning than standing lungs, and thereby helps the yellow jaun-
upright, with many short leaves that stand dice. The powder or decoction drank, or
closer to the stalk than cinquefoil (to which to sit thereon as a bath, is an assared remedy
this is very like) with the root-stalk com- against abortion, if it proceed from the
passing the branches in several places; but over flexibility or weakness of the inward
those that grow to the ground are set upon { retentive faculty; as also a plaster made
long foot stalks, each whereof are like the therewith, and vinegar applied to the reins
leaves of cinquefoil, but somewhat long and of the back, doth much help not only this,
lesser dented about the edges, many of but also those that cannot hold their water,
them divided into five leaves, but most the powder being taken in the juice or
of them into seven, whence it is also called plaintain, and is also commended against
Septfoil; yet some may have six, and some the worms in children. It is very powerful
eight, according to the fertility of the soil
. in ruptures and burstings, as also for bruises
At the tops of the branches stand divers and falls, to be used as well outwardly as
small yellow flowers, consisting of five inwardly. The root hereof made up with
leaves, like those of cinquefoil, but smaller. pellitory of Spain and allum, and put into
The root is smaller than bistort, somewhat a hollow tooth, not only assuages the pain,
thick, but blacker without, and not so red but stays the flux of humours which causes
within, yet sometimes a little crooked, {it. Tormentil is no less effectual and
having blackish fibres thereat.
powerful a remedy against outward wounds,
Place.] It grows as well in woods and sores and hurts, than for inward, and is
shadowy places, as in the open champain therefore a special ingredient to be used in
country, about the borders of fields in many wound drinks, lotions and injections, for
places of this land, and almost in every foul corrupt rotten sores and ulcers of the
broom field in Essex.
mouth, secrets, or other parts of the body.
Time.] It flowers all the Summer long. The juice or powder of the root put in
Government and virtues.] This is a gallantointments, plaisters, and such things that
herb of the Sun. Tormentil is most ex- are to be applied to wounds or sores, is very
cellent to stay all kind of fluxes of blood or effectual, as the juice of the leaves and the
humours in man or woman, whether at {root bruised and applied to the throat or
nose, mouth, or belly. The juice of the jaws, heals the king's evil, and eases the
herb of the root, or the decoction thereof, pain of the sciatica; the same used with a
taken with some Venice treacle, and the little vinegar, is a special remedy against
person laid to sweat, expels any venom or the running sores of the head or other
poison, or the plague, fever, or other con- parts ; scabs also, and the itch or any such
tagious diseases, as pox, measles, &c. for it} eruptions in the skin, proceeding of salt and

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
185
HONEYSUCKLES.
sharp humours. The same is also effectual of joint and newly set, and full of pain, do
for the piles or hæmorrhoids, if they be give much ease; the seed and juice of the
washed or bathed there with, or with the leaves also being rubbed with a little salt
distilled water of the herb and roots. It is upon warts and wens, and other kernels in
found also helpful to dry up any sharp the face, eye-lids, or any other part of the
rheum that distills from the head into the body, will, by often using, take them away.
éges, causing redness, pain, waterings, itch-
ing, or the like, if a little prepared tutia, or MEADOW TREFOIL, OR
white amber, be used with the distilled
water thereof. And here is enough, only It is so well known, especially by the
remember the Sun challengeth this herb. name of Honeysuckles, white and red, that
10 FON90095
I need not describe them.
v la TURNSOLE, OR HELIOTROPIUM.
Place.] They grow almost every where
Descript.] The greater Turnsole rises in this land.
with one upright stalk, about a foot high, or Government and virtues.) Mercury hath
more, dividing itself almost from the bottom, dominion over the common sort. Dodo-
into divers.small branches, of a hoary colour; neus saith, The leaves and flowers are good
at each joint of the stalk and branches grow to ease the griping pains of the gout, the
small broad leaves, somewhat white and herb being boiled and used in a clyster.
hairy. At the tops of the stalks and branches. If the herb be made into a poultice, and
stand small white flowers, consisting of four, } applied to inflammations, it will ease them.
and sometimes five small leaves, set in The juice dropped in the eyes, is a familiar
order one above another, upon a small medicine, with many country people, to
crooked spike, which turns inwards like a } take away the pin and web (as they call it)
bowed finger, opening by degrees as the in the eyes; it also allays the heat and
flowers blow open; after which in their blood shooting of them. Country people
place come forth cornered seed, four for the do also in many places drink the juice
most part standing together; the root is thereof against the biting of an adder; and
small and thready, perishing every year, ş having boiled the berb in water, they first
and the seed shedding every year, raises it wash the place with the decoction, and then
again the next spring.
lay some of the herb also to the hurt place.
Place.] It grows in gardens, and flowers: The herb also boiled in swine's grease, and
and seeds with us, notwithstanding it is not so made into an ointment, is good to apply
natural to this land, but to Italy, Spain, and to the biting of any venomous creature.
France, where it grows plentifully.
The herb also bruised and heated between
Government and virtues.] It is an herb of tiles, and applied hot to the share, causes
the Sun, and good one too. Dioscorides them to make water who had it stopt be-
saith, That a good handful of this, which is fore. It is held likewise to be good for
called the Great Turnsole, boiled in water, wounds, and to take away seed. The de-
and drank, purges both choler and phlegm;ſ coction of the herb and flowers, with the
and boiled with cummin, helps the stone in seed and root, taken for some time, helps
the reins, kidneys, or bladder, provokes women that are troubled with the whites.
urine and women's courses, and causes an The seed and flowers boiled in water, and
easy and speedy delivery in child-birth, afterwards made into a poultice with some
The leaves bruised and applied to places oil, and applied, helps hard swellings and
pained with the gout, or that have been out imposthumes.

180
THE COMPLETE HERBAL IKA
99
HEART TREFOIL. forore they yield a reddish juice or liquor, some-
what resinous, and of a harsh and sty pick
Besides the ordinary sort of Trefoil, { taste, as the leaves also and the flowers be,
here are two more remarkable, and one of although much less, but do not yield such
which may be properly called Heart Tre-t a clear claret wine colour, as some say it
foil, not only because the leaf is triangular, { doth, the root is brownish, somewhat great,
like the heart of a man, but also because hard and woody, spreading well in the
each leaf contains the perfection of a heart, } ground.
and that in its proper colour, viz. a flesh Place.] It grows in many woods, groves,
colour.
and woody grounds, as parks and forests,
Place.] It grows between Longford and į and by hedge-sides in many places in this
Bow, and beyond Southwark, by the high- land, as in Hampstead wood, by Ratley in
way and parts adjacent.
Essex, in the wilds of Kent, and in many
Government and virtues.] It is under the other places needless to recite.
dominion of the Sun, and if it were used, it} Time.] It flowers later than St. John's
would be found as great a strengthener of or St. Peter's-wort.
the heart, and cherisher of the vital spirits Government and virtues.] It is an herb of
as grows, relieving the body against faint-Saturn, and a most noble anti-venerean.
ing and swoonings, fortifying it against Tustan purges choleric humours, as St.
poison and pestilence, defending the heart Peter's-wort is said to do, for therein it
against the noisome vapours of the spleen. works the same effects, both to help the
sciatica and gout, and to heal burning by
fire; it stays all the bleedings of wounds,
It differs not from the common sort, {if either the green herb be bruised, or the
save only in this particular, it bath a white powder of the dry be applied thereto. It
spot in the leaf like a pearl. It is particu- hath been accounted, and certainly it is,
larly under the dominion of the Moon, and a sovereign herb to heal either wound or
its icon shews that it is of a singular virtue sore, either outwardly or inwardly, and
against the pearl, or pin and web in the therefore always used in duinks, lotions,
eyes.
green wounds, ulcers, or olu sores, in all
balms, oils, ointments, or any other sorts of
TUSTAN, OR PARK LEAVES.
which the continual experience of former
Descript.] It hath brownish shining ages hath confirmed the use thereof to be
round stalks, crested the length thereof, admirably good, though it be not so much
rising two by two, and sometimes three feet į in use now, as when physicians and sur-
high, branching forth even from the bottom, geons were so wise as to use herbs more
having divers joints, and at each of them than now they do.
two fair large leaves standing, of a dark
blueish green colour on the upper side, and
of a yellowish green underneath, turning Descript.] Tuis hath a thick short
reddish toward Autumn. At the top of the greyish root, lying for the most part above
stalks stand large yellow flowers, and heads ground, shooting forth on all other sides
with seed, which being greenish at the first such like small pieces of roots, which have
and afterwards reddish, turn to be of a all of them many long green strings and
blackish purple colour when they are ripe, fibres under them in the ground, whereby
with small brownish seed within them, and it draws nourishment. From the head of
PEARL TREFOIL.
GARDEN VALERIAN.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
187
VERVAIN.
YA
these roots spring up many green leaves, virtue against the plague, the decoction
which at first are somewhat broad and long, thereof being drank, and the root being
without any divisions at all in them, or dent- used to smell to. It helps to expel the
ing on the edges; but those that rise up wind in the belly. The green herb with
after are more and more divided on each the root taken fresh, being bruised and ap-
side, some to the middle rib, being winged, plied to the head, takes away the pains and
as made of many leaves together on a stalk, prickings there, stays rheum and thin dis-
and those upon a stalk, in like manner more tillation, and being boiled in white wine,
divided, but smaller towards the top than and a drop thereof put into the eyes, takes
below; the stalk rises to be a yard high or away the dimness of the sight, or any pin
more, sometimes branched at the top, with or web therein. It is of excellent property
many small whitish flowers, sometimes to heal any inward sores or wounds, and
dashed over at the edges with a pale pur- also for outward hurts or wounds, and
plish colour, of a little scent, which passing drawing away splinters or thorns out of the
away, there follows small browinsh white flesh.
seed, that is easily carried away with the
wind. The root smells more strong than
either leaf or flower, and is of more use in Descript.] The common Vervain hath
medicines.
somewhat long broad leaves next the ground
Place.] It is generally kept with us in deeply gashed about the edges, and some
gardens.semaran
only deeply dented, or cut all alike, of a
Time.] It flowers in June and July, and blackish green colour on the upper side,
continues flowering until the frost pull it į somewhat grey underneath. The stalk is
down.
square, branched into several parts, rising
Government and virtues.] This is under about two feet high, especially if you
the influence of Mercury. Dioscorides, reckon the long spike of flowers at the tops
saith, That the Garden Valerian hath a of them, which are set on all sides one above
warming faculty, and that being dried and another, and sometimes two or three toge-
given to drink it provokes urine, and helps ther, being small and gaping, of a blue
the stranguary. The decoction thereof į colour and white intermixed, after which
taken, doth the like also, and takes away come small round seed, in small and some
pains of the sides, provokes women's courses, what long heads. The root is small and
and is used in antidotes. Pliny saith, That i long.
the powder of the root given in drink, or
Place. It grows generally throughout
the decoction thereof taken, helps all stopp- this land in divers places of the hedges and
ings and stranglings in any part of the way-sides, and other waste grounds.
body, whether they proceed of pains in the Time.] It flowers in July, and the seed
chest or sides, and takes them away. The is ripe soon after.
root of Valerian boiled with liquorice, rai- Government and virtues.] This is an herb
sins, and anniseed, is singularly good for of Venus, and excellent for the womb to
those that are short-winded, and for those strengthen and remedy all the cold griefs of
that are troubled with the cough, and helps it, as Plantain doth the hot. Vervain is
to open the passages, and to expectorate hot and dry, opening obstructions, cleans-
phlegm easily. It is given to those that are ing and healing. It helps the yellow, jaun-
bitten or stung by any venomous creature, dice, the dropsy and the gout; it kills and
being boiled in wine. It is of a special įexpels worms in the belly, and causes a
(19, 20.),
3c

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
good colour in the face and body, strengthens meal into a poultice, it cools inflammations
as well as corrects the diseases of the stomach, of wounds; the dropping of the vine, when
liver, and spleen; helps the cough, wheez- it is cut in the Spring, which country people
ings, and shortness of breath, and all the call Tears, being boiled in a syrup, with
defects of the reins and bladder, expelling sugar, and taken inwardly, is excellent to
the gravel and stone. It is held to be good stay women's longings after every thing
against the biting of sepents, and other they see, which is a disease many women
venomous beasts, against the plague, and with child are subject to. The decoction of
both tertian and quartan agues. It con-, Vine leaves in white wine doth the like.
solidates and heals also all wounds, both | Also the tears of the Vine, drank two or
inward and outward, stays bleedings, and three spoonfuls at a time, breaks the stone
used with some honey, heals all old ulcers in the bladder. This is a very good remedy,
and fistulas in the legs or other parts of the and it is discreetly done, to kill a Vine to
body; as also those ulcers that happen in cure a man, but the salt of the leaves are
the mouth; or used with hog's grease, it held to be better. The ashes of the burnt
helps the swellings and pains of the secret branches will make teeth that are as black
parts in man or woman, also for the piles į as a coal, to be as white as snow, if you but
or hæmorrhoids; applied with some oil of every morning rub them with it. It is a
roses and vinegar unto the forehead and most gallant Tree of the Sun, very sympa-
temples, it eases the inveterate pains and thetical with the body of men, and that is
ache of the head, and is good for those that the reason spirit of wine is the greatest cor-
are frantic.
The leaves bruised, or the dial among all vegetables.
roup
juice of them mixed with some vinegar,
doth wonderfully cleanse the skin, and
takes away morphew, freckles, fistulas, and Both the tame and the wild are so well
other such like inflamations and defor-known, that they need no description.
mities of the skin in any parts of the body. Time.] They flower until the end of
The distilled water of the herb when it is inįJuly, but are best in March, and the begin-
full strength, dropped into the eyes, cleanses ning of April.
them from films, clouds, or mists, that Government and virtues.] They are a fine
darken the sight, and wonderfully strengthens pleasing plant of Venus, of a mild nature,
the optic nerves. The said water is very no way harmful. All the Violets are cold
powerful in all the diseases aforesaid, either and moist while they are fresh and green,
inward or outward, whether they be old {and are used to cool any heat, or distem-
corroding sores, or green wounds. The perature of the body, either inwardly or
dried root, and peeled, is known to be ex- outwardly, as inflammations in the eyes, in
cellently good against all scrophulous and the matrix or fundament, in imposthumes
scorbutic habits of body, by being tied to also, and hot swellings, to drink the decoc-
the pit of the stomach, by a piece of white tion of the leaves and flowers made with water
ribband round the neck.
in wine, or to apply them poultice-wise
to the grieved places: it likewise eases pains
in the head, caused through want of sleep;
The leaves of the English vine (I do not or any other pains arising of heat, being
niean to send you to the Canaries for a applied in the same manner, or with oil of
medicine (being boiled, makes a good lotion : roses. A dram weight of the dried leaves
for sore mouths; being boiled with barley or flower of Violets, but the leaves more
VIOLETS.
THE VINE.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
189
stronglyys doth purge the body of choleric rough, hairy, or prickly sad green leaves,
humours, and assuages the heat, being somewhat narrow; the middle rib for the
taken in a draught of wine, or any other {most part being white. The flowers stand
drink; the powder of the purple leaves of} at the top of the stalk, branched forth in
the flowers, only picked and dried and many long spiked leaves of flowers bowing
drank in water, is said to help the quinsy, or turning like the turnsole, all opening for
and the falling-sickness in children, espe- į the most part on the one side, which are
cially in the beginning of the disease. The long and hollow, turning up the brims a
flowers of the white Violets ripen and dis- little, of a purplish violet colour in them
solve swellings. The herb or flowers, while that are fully blown, but more reddish while
they are fresh, or the flowers when they are they are in the bud, as also upon their de-
dry, are effectual in the pleurisy, and all cay and withering; but in some places of
diseases of the lungs, to lenify the sharp- a paler purplish colour, with a long pointel
ness of hot rheums, and the hoarseness of in the middle, feathered or parted at the
the throat, the heat also and sharpness of top. After the flowers are fallen, the seeds
urine, and all the pains of the back or reins, growing to be ripe, are blackish, cornered
and bladder. It is good also for the liver and pointed somewhat like the head of a
and the jaundice, and all hot agues, to cool viper. The root is somewhat great and
the heat, and quench the thirst; but the blackish, and woolly, when it grows toward
syrup
of Violets is of most use, and of better seed-time, and perishes in the Winter.
effect, being taken in some convenient There is another sort, little differing from
liquor: and if a little of the juice or syrup the former, only in this, that it bears white
of lemons be put to it, or a few drops of the flowers.
oil of vitriol, it is made thereby the more Place.] The first grows wild almost
powerful to cool the heat, and quench the every where. That with white flowers
thirst, and gives to the drink a claret wine about the castle-walls at Lewis in Sussex.
colour, and a fine tart relish, pleasing to the Time.] They flower in Summer, and
Violets taken, or made up with their seed is ripe quickly after.
honey, do more cleanse and cool, and with Government and virtues.] It is a most
sugar contrary-wise. The dried flower of gallant herb of the Sun; it is a pity it is no
Violets are accounted amongst the cordial more in use than it is. It is an especial
drinks, powders, and other medicines, es- remedy against the biting of the Viper, and
pecially where cooling cordials are neces- all other venomous beasts, or serpents ; as
sary. The green leaves are used with other also against poison, or poisonous herbs.
herbs to make plaisters and poultices to Dioscorides and others say, That whosoever
inflammations and swellings, and to ease all shall take of the herb or root before they be.
pains whatsoever, arising of heat, and for bitten, shall not be hurt by the poison of any
the piles also, being fried with yolks of eggs, serpent. The root or seed is thought to be
and applied thereto.
most effectual to comfort the heart, and
expel sadness, or causeless melancholy; it
VIPER'S BUGLOSS.
ens
tempers the blood, and allays hot fits of
Descript.] This hath many long rough agues.
The seed drank in wine, procures
leaves lying on the ground, from among abundance of milk in women's breasts.
which rises up divers hard round stalks, The same also being taken, eases the pains
very rough, as if they were thick set with in the loins, back, and kidneys. The dis-
prickles or hairs, whereon are set such like tilled water of the herb when it is in flower,
taste.
92
当
​
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
WALL
GILLI-
FLOWERS, OR WINTER
FLOWERS.
THE WALLNUT TREE.
or its chief strength, is excellent to be ap- ings, comforts and strengthens any weak
plied either inwardly or outwardly, for all part, or out of joint; helps to cleanse the
the griefs aforesaid. There is a syrup made eyes from mistiness or films upon them,
nereof very effectual for the comforting and to cleanse the filthy ulcers in the mouth,
the heart, and expelling sadness and melan- or any other part, and is a singular remedy
choly.
for the gout, and all aches and pains in the
joints and sinews. A conserve made of the
flowers, is used for a remedy both for the
apoplexy and palsy.
Tue garden kind are so well known that
they need no description.
Descript.] The common single Wall- It is so well known, that it needs no des-
flowers, which grow wild abroad, have sun-cription.
dry small, long, narrow, dark green leaves,
Time.] It blossoms early before the
set without order upon small round, whitish, leaves come forth, and the fruit is ripe in
woody stalks, which bear at the tops divers September.
single yellow flowers one above another, Government and virtues.] This is also a
every one bearing four leaves a-piece, and plant of the Sun. Let the fruit of it be
of a very sweet scent: after which come gathered accordingly, which you shall find
long pods, containing a reddish seed. The to be of most virtues while they are green,
roots are white, hard and thready. before they have shells. The bark of the
Place.] It grows upon church walls, and Tree doth bind and dry very much, and the
old walls of many houses, and other stone leaves are much of the same temperature :
walls in divers places; The other sort in but the leaves when they are older, are heat-
gardens only.
ing and drying in the second degree, and
Time.] All the single kinds do flower harder of digestion than when they are
many times in the end of Autumn; and if fresh, which, by reason of their sweetness,
the Winter be mild, all the Winter long, are more pleasing, and better digesting in
but especially in the months of February, the stomach; and taken with sweet, wine,
March, and April, and until the heat of the they move the belly downwards, but being
spring do spend them. But the double old, they grieve the stomach; and in hot
kinds continue not flowering in that manner bodies cause the choler to abound and the
all the year long, although they flower very head-ach, and are an enemy to those that
early sometimes, and in some places very have the cough; but are less hurtful to those
late.
that have a colder stomach, and are said to
Government and virtues.] The Moon rules kill the broad worms in the belly or stomach.
them. Galen, in his seventh book of sim- } If they be taken with onions, salt, and
ple inedicines, saith, That the yellow Wall- honey, they help the biting of a mad dog,
flowers work more powerfully than any or the venom or infectious poison of any
of the other kinds, and are therefore of more beast, &c. Caias Pompeius found in the
use in physic. It cleanses the blood, and treasury of Mithridates, king of Pontus,
fretteth the liver and reins from obstruc- when he was overthrown, a scroll of his own
tions, provokes women's courses, expels the hand writing, containing a medicine against
secundine, and the dead child; helps the any poison or infection; which is this;
hardness and pain of the mother, and of Take two dry walnuts, and as many good
spleen also; stays inflammations and swell- figs, and twenty leaves of rue, bruised and

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
191
beaten together with two or three corns of the green husks being ripe, when they are
salt and twenty juniper berries, which take shelled from the nuts, and drank with a
every morning fasting, preserves from dan- little vinegar, is good for the place, so as
ger of poison, and infection that day it is before the taking thereof a vein be opened.
taken. The juice of the other green husks: The said water is very good against the
boiled with honey is an excellent gargle for quinsy, being gargled and bathed there-
sore mouths, or the heat and inflammations with, and wonderfully helps deafness, the
in the throat and stomach. The kernels, noise, and other pains in the ears. The
when they grow old, are more oily, and { distilled water of the young green leaves in
therefore not fit to be eaten, but are then the end of May, performs a singular cure
used to heal the wounds of the sinews, ſon foul running ulcers and sores, to be
gangrenes, and carbuncles. The said ker- bathed, with wet cloths or spunges applied
nels being burned, are very astringent, to them every morning.
and will stay lasks and women's courses,
WOLD, WELD, OR DYER'S WEED.
being taken in red wine, and stay the fall-
ing of the hair, and make it fair, being The common kind grows bushing with
anointed with oil and wine. The green many leaves, long, narrow and flat upon
husks will do the like, being used in the the ground; of a dark blueish green colour,
same manner. The kernels beaten with somewhat like unto Woad, but nothing so
rue and wine, being applied, help the large, a little crumpled, and as it were
quinsy; and bruised with some honey, and round-pointed, which do so abide the first
applied to the ears, ease the pains and in- } year; and the next spring from among
flammation of them. A piece of the green them, rise up divers round stalks, two or
husks put into a hollow tooth, eases the three feet high, beset with many such like
pain. The catkins hereof, taken' before leaves thereon, but smaller, and shooting
they fall off, dried, and given a dram thereof forth small branches, which with the stalks
in powder with white wine, wonderfully carry many small yellow flowers, in a long
he.ps those that are troubled with the rising spiked head at the top of them, where after-
of the mother. The oil that is pressed out wards come the seed, which is small and
of the kernels, is very profitable, taken in- black, inclosed in heads that are divided at
wardly like oil of almonds, to help the } the tops into four parts. The root is long,
cholic, and to expel wind very effectually ; ; white and thick, abiding the Winter. The
an ounce or two thereof may be taken at } whole herb changes to be yellow, after it
any time. The young green nuts taken hath been in flower awhile.
before they be half ripe, and preserved with Place.] It grows every where by the
sugár, are of good use for those that have way sides, in moist grounds, as well as dry,
weak stomachs, or defluctions thereon. The in corners of fields and bye lanes, and some-
distilled water of the green husks, before times all over the field. In Sussex and
they be half ripe, is of excellent use to cool Kent they call it Green Weed.
the heat of agues, being drank an ounce or Time.] It flowers in June.
two at a time: as also to resist the infec- Government and virtues.] Matthiolus saith,
tion of the plague, if some of the same be that the root hereof cures tough phlegm,
also applied to the sores thereof. The digests raw phlegm, thins gross humours,
same also cools the heat of green wounds dissolves hard tumours, and opens obstruc-
and old ulcers, and heals them, being tions. Some do highly commend it against
pathed therewith. The distilled water of the biting of venomous creatures, to be taken
(19, 20.)
3 D

192
an
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
WHEAT
inwardly and applied outwardly to the bran of Wheat meal steeped in sharp vine-
hurt place; as also for the plague or pesa gar, and then bound in a linen cloth, and
tilence. The people in some countries of rubbed on those places that have the scurt,
this land, do use to bruise the herb, and lay morphew, scabs or leprosy, will take them
it to cuts or wounds in the hands or legs, to away, the body being first well purged and
heal them.
prepared. The decoction of the bran of
is gluoso SORS
Wheat or barley, is of good use to bathe
those places that are bursten by a rupture;
All the several kinds thereof are so well and the said bran boiled in good vinegar,
known unto almost all people, that it is all ſand applied to swollen breasts, helps them.
together needless to write a description and stays all inflamations. It helps also
thereof.
the biting of vipers (which I take to be no
Government and virtues.] It is under other than our English adder) and all other
Venus. Dioscorides saith, That to eat the venomous creatures. The leaves of Wheat
corn of green Wheat is hurtful to the meal applied with some salt, take away
stomach, and breeds worms. Pliny saith, hardness of the skin, warts, and hard knots
That the corn of Wheat, roasted upon an in the flesh. Wafers put in water, and
iron pan, and eaten, are a present remedy drank, stays the lask and bloody flux, and
for those that are chilled with cold. The are profitably used both inwardly and out-
oil pressed from wheat, between two thick wardly for the ruptures in children. Boiled
plates of iron, or copper heated, heals allt in water unto a thick jelly, and taken, it
tetters and ring-worms, being used warm; stays spitting of blood"; and boiled with
and hereby Galen saith, he hath known mint and butter, it helps the hoarseness of
many to be cured. Mitthiolus commends, the throat.
the same to be put into hollow ulcers to heal
them up, and it is good for chops in the
hànds and feet, and to make rugged skin These are so well known that they need
smooth. The green corns of Wheat being no description. I shall therefore only shew
chewed, and applied to the place bitten by you the virtues therof.
a mad dog, heals it; slices of Wheat bread Government and virtues.] The Moon
soaked in red rose water, and applied to owns it. Both the leaves, bark, and the
the eyes that are hot, red, and inflamed, or seed, are used to stanch bleeding of wounds,
blood-shotten, helps them. Hot bread ap- and at mouth and nose, spitting of blood,
plied for an hour, at times, for three days į and other fluxes of blood in man or woman,
together, perfectly heals the kernels in the and to stay vomiting, and provocation there.
throat, commonly called the king's evil. unto, if the decoction of them in wine be
The flour of Wheat mixed with the juice of drank. It helps also to stay thin, hot, sharp,
henbane, stays the flux of humours to the salt distillations from the head
the
Joints, being laid thereon. The said meal { lungs, causing a consumption. The leaves
boiled in vinegar, helps the shrinking of the bruised with some pepper, and drank in
sinews, saith Pliny; and mixed with vine- } wine, helps much the wind cholic. The
gar, and boiled together, heals all freckles, leaves bruised and boiled in wine, and
spots and pimples on the face. Wheat drank, stays the heat of lust in man or
flour, mixed with the yolk of an egg, honey, woman, and quite extinguishes it, if it be
and turpentine, doth draw, cleanse and heal{long used: The seed also is of the same
any boil, plague, sore, or foul ulcer. The effect. _Water that is gathered from the
upon
THE WILLOW TREE.

IALASH BITI IMOD HT
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
193
ISTIT TEOTTOTO
HOTTO DongTRIOTIT
Willow, when it flowers, the bark being fit of it, where those that sow it, cut it three
slit, and a vessel fitting to receive it, is very times a year. 2 a olgono ash
good for redness and dimness of sight, or Time.] It flowers in June, but it is long
films that grow over the eyes, and stay the after before the seed is ripe. o tuo ori
rheums that fall into them; to provoke Government and virtues.] It is a cold and
urine, being stopped, if it be drank; to clear dry plant of Saturn. Some people affirm
the face and skin from spots and discolour- } the plant to be destructive to bees, and
ings. Galen saith, The flowers have an fluxes them, which, if it be, I cannot help
admirable faculty in drying up humours, it. I should rather think, unless' bees be
being a medicine without any sharpness or i contrary to other creatures, it possesses them
corrosion; you may boil them in white with the contrary disease, the herb being
wine, and drink as much as you will, so exceeding dry and binding. However, if
you drink not yourself drunk. The bark {any bees be diseased thereby, the cure is,
works the same effect, if used in the saine to set urine by them, but set it in a vessel,
manner, and the Tree hath always a bark that they cannot drown themselves, which
upon it, though not always flowers; the may be remedied, if you put pieces of cork
burnt ashes of the bark being mixed with in it. The herb is so drying and binding,
vinegar, takes away warts, corns, and that it is not fit to be given inwardly. An
superfluous flesh, being applied to the place. ointment made thereof stanches bleeding
The decoction of the leaves or bark in wine, A plaister made thereof, and applied to the
takes away scurff and dandriff by washing region of the spleen which lies on the left
the place with it. It is a fine cool tree, the side, takes away the hardness and pains
boughs of which are very convenient to thereof. The ointment is excellently good
be placed in the chamber of one sick of a in such ulcers as abound with moisture, and
fever.
takes away the corroding and fretting
humours: It cools inflammations, quenches
St. Anthony's fire, and stays defluxion of
Descript.] It hath divers large leaves, the blood to any part of the body.
long, and somewhat broad withal, like those
WOODBINE, OR HONEY-SUCKLES
of the greater plntain, but larger, thicker,
of a greenish colour, somewhat blue withal. Ir is a plant so common, that every one
From among which leaves rises up a lusty that hath eyes knows it, and he that hath
stalk, three or four feet high, with divers none, cannot read a description, if I should
leaves set thereon; the higher the stalk write it.
rises, the smaller are the leaves ; at the top Time. They flower in June, and the
it spreads divers branches, at the end of fruit is ripe in August.
which appear very pretty, little yellow Government and virtues.] Doctor Tra-
flowers, and after they pass away like other dition, that grand introducer of errors, that
flowers of the field, come husks, long and hater of trutlı
, lover of folly, and the morta!
somewhat flat withal; in form they resem- } foe to Dr. Reason, hath taught the common
ble a tongue, in colour they are black, and people to use the leaves or flowers of this
they hang bobbing downwards. The seed plant in mouth-water, and by long con-
contained within these husks (if it be a little štinuance of time, hath so grounded it in the
chewed) gives an azure colour. The root is brains of the vulgar, that you cannot beat it
white and long
out with a beetle : All mouth-waters ought
Place.] It is sowed in fields for the bene- to be cooling and drying, but Honey
WOAD.
4

194
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Suckles are cleansing, consuming and di- describe, and the third be critical at; and
gesting, and therefore fit for inflammations;}I care not greatly if I begin with the last
thus Dr. Reason. Again if you please, we first.
will leave Dr. Reason a while, and come to Sea Wormwood hath gotten as many names
Dr. Experience, a learned gentleman, and as virtues, (and perhaps one more) Seriphian,
his brother. Take a leaf and chew it in Santomeon, Belchion, Narbinense, Han-
your mouth, and you will quickly find it tonicon, Misneule, and a matter of twenty
likelier to cause a sore mouth and throat more which I shall not blot paper withal.
than to cure it. Well then, if it be not good A papist got the toy by the end, and he
for this, What is it good for? It is good for called it Holy Wormwood ; and in truth
something, for God and nature made I am opinion, their giving so much holi-
nothing in vain. It is an herb of Mercury, (ness to herbs, is the reason there remains so
and appropriated to the lungs; neither is it little in themselves. The seed of this
Crab claims dominion over it; neither is it Wormwood is that which women usually
a foe to the Lion; if the lungs be afflicted give their children for the worms. Of all
by Jupiter, this is your cure: It is fitting a Wormwoods that grow here, this is the
conserve made of the flowers of it were kept weakest, but Doctors commend it, and
in every gentlewoman's house ; I know no ſapothecaries sell it; the one must keep his
better cure for an asthma than this: besides, credit, and the other get money, and that is
it takes away the evil of the spleen, provokes the key of the work. The herb is good for
urine, procures speedy delivery of women something, because God made nothing in
in travail, helps cramps, convulsions, and vain: Will you give me leave to weigh
palsies, and whatsoever griefs come of cold { things in the balance of reason ; Then thus ;
or stopping; if you please to make use of} The seeds of the common Wormwood are
it as an ointment, it will clear your skin of far more prevalent than the seed of this, to
morphew, freckles, and sun-burnings, or expel worms in children, or people of ripe
whatsoever else discolours it, and then the age; of both some are weak, some are
maids will love it. Authors say, The strong. The Seriphian Wormwood is the
flowers are of more effect than the leaves, weakest, and haply may prove to be fittest
and that is true; but they say the seeds are for the weak bodies, (for it is weak enough
least effectual of all. But Dr. Reason told of all conscience.) Let such as are strong
me, That there was a vital spirit in every take the common Wormwood, for the others
seed to beget its like; and Dr. Experience will do but little good. Again, near the sea
told me, That there was a greater heat in the many people live, and Seriphian grows
seed than there was in any other part of the near them, and therefore is more fitting for
plant: and withal, That heat was the mother { their bodies, because nourished by the
of action, and then judge if old Dr. Tradi- {same air; and this I had from Dr. Reason.
tion (who may well be honoured for his age, In whose body Dr. Reason dwells not, dwells
but not for his goodness) hath not so poi- Dr. Madness, and he brings in his brethren,
soned the world with errors before I was Dr. Ignorance, Dr. Folly, and Dr. Sick-
born, that it was never well in its wits iness, and these together make way for
since, and thereis a great fear it will die mad. Death, and the latter end of that man is
worse than the beginning. Pride was the
cause of Adam's fall; pride begat a daugh-
THREE Wormwoods are familiar with ter, I do not know the father of it, unless
us; one I shall not describe, another I shall the devil, but she christened it, and called
WORMWOOD.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
195
it Appetite, and sent her daughter to taste with many round, woody, hairy stalks from
these wormwoods, who finding this the one root. Its height is four feet, or three at
least bitter, made the squeamish wench least. The leaves in longitude are long, in
extol it to the skies, though the virtues of it} latitude narrow, in colour white, in form
never reached the middle region of the air. hoary, in similitude like Southernwood, only
Its due praise is this; It is weakest, there- } broader and longer; in taste rather salt than
fore fittest for weak bodies, and fitter for bitter, because it grows so near the salt-
those bodies that dwell near it, than those water ; at the joints, with the leaves toward
that dwell far from it; my reason is, the sea į the tops it bears little yellow flowers; the
(those that live far from it, know when they {root lies deep, and is woods.
come near it) casts not such a smell as the Common TWormwood I shall not describe,
land doth. The tender mercies of God for every boy that can eat an egg knows it.
being over all his works, hath by his eternal Roman Wormwood; and why Roman,
Providence, planted Seriphian by the sea- seeing it grows familiarly in England ? It
side, as a fit medicine for the bodies of those may be so called, because it is good for a
that live near it. Lastly, It is known to all { stinking breath, which the Romans cannot
that know any thing in the course of nature, { be very free from, maintaining so many
that the liver delights in sweet things, if so, bad houses by authority of his Holiness.
it abhors bitter; then if your liver be weak, Descript.] The stalks are slender, and
it is none of the wisest courses to plague it shorter than the common Wormwood by
with an enemy. If the liver be weak, a jone foot at least; the leaves are more finely
consumption follows; would you know the cut and divided than they are, but some-
reason ? It is this, A man's flesh is repaired {thing smaller ; both leaves and stalks are
by blood, by a third concoction, which boary, the flowers of a pale yellow colour ;
transmutes the blood into flesh, it is well it is altogether like the common Worm-
I said, (concoction) say I, if I had said wood, save only in bigness, for it is smaller;
(boiling) every cook would have understood in taste, for it is not so bitter ; in smell, for
The liver makes blood, and if it bezit is spicy.
weakened that if it makes not enough, the Place.] It grows upon the tops of the
flesh wastes; and why must flesh always be mountains (it seems 'tis ašpiring) there 'tis
renewed ? Because the eternal God, when natural, but usually nursed up in gardens
he made the creation, made one part of it for the use of the apothecaries in London.
in continual dependency upon another ; Time.] All Wormwoods usually flower
and why did he so ? Because himself only { in August, a little sooner or later.
is
permanent; to teach us, That we should Government and virtues.] Will you give
not fix our affections upon what is transi- me leave to be critical a little? I must
tory, but what endures for ever. The re- take leave. Wormwood is an herb of Mars,
sult of this is, if the liver be weak, and can- and if Pontanus say otherwise, he is beside
not make blood enough, I would have said, the bridge; I prove it thus : What delights
Sanguify, if I had written only to scholars, in martial places, is a martial herb; but
the Seriphian, which is the weakest of Wormwood delights in martial places for
Wormwoods, is better than the best. I have about forges and iron works you may gather
been critical enough, if not too much. a cart-load of it,) ergo, it is a martial herb.
Place.] It grows familiarly in England, It is hot and dry in the first degree, viz.
by the sea-side.
just as hot as your blood, and no hotter. It
Descript.] It starts up out of the earth, remedies the evils choler can inflict on the
(19, 20.)
3 E
me.

106
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
av OVA
mos boOW OITOT. JA
vody of man by sympathy. It helps the herb of Mars, is a present remedy for the
evils Venus and the wanton Boy produce, { bìting of rats and mice, Mushrooms (I
by antipathiy; and it doth something else cannot give them the title of Herba, Fru-
besides. It cleanses the body of cholertex, or Arbor) are under the dominion of
(who dares say Mars doth no good ?) ItSaturn, ( and take one time with another,
provokes urine, helps surfeits, or swellings they do as much harm as good;) if any have
in the belly; it causes appetite to meat, poisoned himself by eating them, Worm-
because Mars rules the attractive faculty in wood, an herb. of Mars, cures him, because
man: The sun never shone upon a better Mars is exalted in Capricorn, the house of
herb for the yellow jaundice than this; Why Saturn, and this it doth by sympathy, as it
should men cry out so inuch upon Mars for did the other by antipathy. Wheals, pushes,
an infortunate, (or Saturn either?) Did black and blue spots, coming either by
God inake creatures to do the creation a bruises or beatings. Wormwood, an herb
mischief? This herh testifies, that Mars is of Mars, helps, because Mars, (as bad you
willing to cure all diseases he causes ; the love him, and as you hate him) will not
truth is, Mars loves no cowards, nor Saturn, break your head, but he will give you a
fools, nor I neither. Take of the flowers of plaister. If he do but teach you to know
Wormwood, Rosemary, and Black Thorn, yourselves, his courtesy is greater than is
of each a like quantity, half that quantity discourtesy. The greatest antipathy be-
of saffron; boil this in Rhenish wine, but {tween the planets, is between Mars and
put it not in saffron till it is almost boiled;} Venus: one is hot, the other cold; one
This is the way to keep a man's body in diurnal, the other nocturnal; one dry, the
health, appointed by Camerarius, in his other moist; their houses are opposite, one
book intitled Hortus Medicus, and it is a masculine, the other feminine; one public.
good one too. Besides all this, Wormwood the other private; one is valiant, the other
provokes the terms. I would willingly effeminate: one loves the light, the other
teach astrologers, and make them physi- hates it; one loves the field, the other sheets ;
cians (if I knew how) for they are most then the throat is under Venus, the quinsy
fitting for the calling; if you will not believe lies in the throat, and is an inflammation
me, ask Dr. Hippocrates, and Dr. Galen, there; Venus rules the throat, (it being
a couple of gentlemen that our college of under Tamus her sign.) Mars eradicates
physicians keep to vapour with, not to all diseases in the throat by his herbs (for
follow. In this our herb, I shall give the pat- wormwood is one) and sends them to Egypt
tern of a ruler, the sons of art rough cast, on an errand never to return more, this
yet as near the truth as the men of Benja- } done by antipathy. The eyes are under
min could throw a stone: Whereby, mythe Luminaries; the right eye of a man,
brethren, the astrologers may know by a and the left eye of a woman the Sun claims
penny how a shilling is coined: As for the dominion over: the left eye of a man, and
college of physicians, they are too stately to the right eye of a woman, are privileges of
college od too proud to continue. They tlre Moon, Wormwood, an herb of Mars
say a mouse is under the dominion of the cures both ; what belongs to the Sun by
Moon, and that is the reason they feed in the sympathy, because he is exalted in his
night; the house of the Moon is Cancer ; house; but what belongs to the Moon by
rats are of the same nature with mice, but antipathy, because he hath his fall in her’s.
they are a little bigger; Mars receives his Suppose a man be bitten or stung by a
fall in Cancer, ergo, Wormwood being an {martial creature, imagine a wasp, a hornei,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
197
و
a scorpion, Wormwood, an herb of Mars, either linen or woolen draper) yet as brave as
gives you a present cure; that Mars, cho- į they looked, my opinion was that the mothis
leric as he is, hath learned that patience, to might consume them; moths are under the
pass by your evil speeches of him, and tells dominion of Mars; this herb Wormwood be-
you by my pen, That he gives you no af- ting laid among cloaths, will make a motlı
fiction, but he gives you a cure; you need scorn to meddle with the cloaths, as much
not run to Apollo, nor Æsculapius ; and if as a lion scorns to meddle with a mouse, or
he was so choleric as you make him to be, an eagle with a fly. You say Mars is an-
he would have drawn his sword for anger, gry, and it is true enough he is angry with
to see the ill conditions of these people many countrymen, for being such fools to
that can spy his vices, and not his virtues. be led by the noses by the college of phy-
The eternal God, when he made Mars, įsicians, as they lead bears to Paris garden.
made him for public good, and the sons of Melancholy men cannot endure to be
men shall know it it in the latter end of the wronged in point of good fame, and that
world. Et cælum Mars solus babet. You doth sorely trouble old Saturn, because they
say Mars is a destroyer; mix a little Worm- call him the greatest infortunate; in the
wood, an herb of Mars, with your ink, body of man he rules the spleen, (and that
neither rats nor mice touch the paper writ- makes covetous man so splenetic) the poor
ten with it, and then Mars is a preserver. old man lies crying out of his left side
Astrologers think Mars causes scabs and Father Saturn's angry, Mars comes to him ;
itch, and the virgins are angry with him, Come, brother, I confess thou art evil spoken
because wanton Venus told them he de- of, and so am I ; thou knowest I have my
forms their skins ; but, quoth Mars, my exaltation in thy house, I give him an herb
only desire is, they should know themselves; of mine, Wormwood, to cure the old man:
my herb Wormwood will restore them to Saturn consented, but spoke little, and so
the beauty they formerly had, and in that Mars cured him by sympathy. When
I will not come an inch behind my opposite, | Mars was free from war, (for he loves to be
Venus: for which doth the greatest evil, he fighting, and is the best friend a soldier
that takes away an innate beauty, and when hath) I say, when Mars was free from war,
he has done, knows how to restore it again?} he called a council of war in his own brain,
or she that teaches a company of wanton to know how he should do poor sinful man
lasses to paint their faces? If Mars be in good, desiring to forget his abuses in being
a Virgin, in the nativity, they say he causes called an infortunate. He musters up his
the cholic (it is well God hath set some own forces, and places them in battalia.
body to pull down the pride of man.) He Oh! quoth he, why do I hurt a poor
in the Virgin troubles none with the cholic, silly man or woman ? His angel answers
but them that know not themselves (for who him, It is because they have offended their
knows himself, may easily know all the God, (Look back to Adam :) Well, says
world.) Wormwood, an herb of Mars, is a Mars, though they speak evil of me, I will
present cure for it; and whether it be most do good to them; Death's cold, my herb
like a Christian to love him for his good, or shall heat them: they are full of ill humours
hate him for his evil, judge ye. I had al- (else they would never have spoken ill of
most forgotten, that charity, thinks no evil. &me;) my herb shall cleanse them, and dry
Iwas once in the Tower and viewed the ward-them; they are poor weak creatures, my
robe, and there wasagreat many fine clothes : Sherb shall strengthen them ; they are duil
(I can give them noother title, for I was never # witted, my herb shall fortify their appre-

198
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
hensions; and yet among astrologers all night, the one froin Aries, and the other
this does not deserve a good word : Oh the } from Scorpio; give me thy leave by sym-
patience of Mars!
pathy to cure this poor man with drinking
à draught of Wormwood beer every morn-
Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere caucas, ing The Moon was weak the other day,
Inque domus superum scandere cura facit.
and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs,
O happy he that can the knowledge gain,
To know the eternal God made nought in vain. a dull brain and a weak sight; Mars laid
To this I add,
by his sword, and comes to her; Sister
I know the reason causeth such a dearth
Moon, said he, this man hath angered thee,
Of knowledge; 'tis because men love the earth. } but I beseech thee take notice he is but a
fool; prithee be patient, I will with my herb
The other day Mars told me he met with wormwood cure him of both infirmities by
Venus, and he asked her, What was the antipathy, for thou knowest thou and I can-
reason that she accused him for abusing not agree; with that the Moon began to
women? He never gave them the pox. In quarrel; Mars (not delighting much in
the dispute they fell out, and in anger { women's tongues) went away, and did it
parted, and Mars told me that his brother whether she would or no.
Saturn told him, that an antivenerean He that reads this, and understands what
medicine was the best against the pox. he reads, hath a jewel of more worth than
Once a month he meets with the Moon, ja diamond ; he that understands it not, is
Mars is quick enough of speech, and the as little fit to give physick. There lies a
Moon not much behind hand, (neither are key in these words which will unlock, (if it
most women.) The Moon looks much į be turned by a wise hand) the cabinet of
after children, and children are much trou- physick: I have delivered it as plain as I
bled with the worms; she desired a medi-} durst; it is not only upon Wormwood as
cine of him, he bid her take his own herb, I wrote, but upon all plants, trees, and
Wormwood. He had no sooner parted herbs; he that understands it not, is unfit
with the Moon, but he met with Venus, and f(in my opinion) to give physic. This shall
she was as drunk as a hog; Alas! poor live when I am dead. And thus I leave it
Venus, quoth he; What! thou a fortune, to the world, not caring a farthing whether
and be drunk? I'll give thee antipathetical they like it or dislike it. The grave equals
cure; Take iny herb Wormwood, and thou{all men, and therefore shall equal me with
shall never get a surfeit by drinking A all princes; until which time the eternal
poor silly countryman hath got an ague, Providence is over me: Then the ill tongue
and cannot go about his business : he of a prating fellow, or one that hath more
wishes he had it not, and so do I; but I{tongue than wit, or more proud than
will tell him a remedy, whereby he shall honest, shall never trouble me. Wisdom is
prevent it; Take the herb of Mars, Worm- justified by her children. And so much for
wood, and if infortunes will do good, what Wormwood.
will fortunes do? Some think the lungs are
under Jupiter ; and if the lungs then the YARROW, CALLED NOSE-BLEED, MILFOIL
breath; and though sometimes a man gets
a stinking breath, and yet Jupiter is a for- Descript.] It hath many long leaves
tune, forsooth; up comes Mars to him; { spread upon the ground, finely cut, and
Come brother Jupiter, thou knowest I sent} divided into many small parts : It flowers
thee a couple of trines to thy house last į are white, but not all of a whiteness, and
AND THOUSALD-LEAL.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
199
stayed in knots, upon divers green stalks It stays the shedding of hair, the head being
which rise from among the leaves.
bathed with the decoction of it; inwardly
Place.] It is frequent in all pastures. taken it helps the retentive faculty of the
Time.] It flowers late, even in the latter stomach: it helps the gonorrhea in men,
end of August.
and the whites in women, and helps such as
Government and virtues.] It is under the cannot hold their water; and the leaves
influence of Venus. An ointment of them chewed in the mouth eases the tooth-ache;
cures wounds, and is most fit for such as and these virtues being put together, shew
have inflammations, it being an herb of the herb to be drying and binding. Achilles
Dame Venus ; it stops the terms in women, is supposed to be the first that left the vir-
being boiled in white wine, and the decoc- tues of this herb to posterity, having learned
tion drank; as also the bloody flux; the them of this master Chiron, the Centaur;
ointment of it is not only good for green and certainly a very profitable herb it is in
wounds, but also for ulcers and fistulas, cramps, and therefore called Militaris.
especially such as abound with moisture,
CHAP. I.
CHAP. II.
CHAP. IV.
CHAP. V.
DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, CONSERVES,
&c. &c.
Having in divers places of this T'reatise CHAP. V. Of Barks.
promised you the way of making Syrups, CHAP. VI. Of Juices.
Conserves, Oils, Ointments, &c, of herbs,
SECTION II
roots, flowers, &c. whereby you may have Of making and keeping Compounds.
them ready for your use at such times when
Of distilled waters.
they cannot be had otherwise; I come now
Of Syrups.
to perform what I promised, and you shall
CHAP. III. Of Juleps.
find me rather better than worse than my
Of Decoctions.
word.
Of Oils.
That this may be done methodically,
Of Electuaries.
I shall divide my directions into two grand CHAP. VII. Of Conserves.
sections, and each section into several chap- CHAP. VIII. Of Preserves.
ters, and then you shall see it look with such
Of Lohochs
a countenance as this is.
Of Ointments.
SECTION I.
Of Plaisters.
Of gathering, drying, and keeping Simples,
CHAP. XI. Of Poultices,
and their juices.
CHAP. XIII. Of Troches.
CHAP. XIV. Of Pills.
Of leaves of Herbs, &c.
The way of fitting Media
CHAP. II. Of Flowers.
cines to Compound Disa
CHAP. III. Of Seeds.
CHAP. IV. Of Roots.
Of all these in order.
(19, 20.)
С НАР. VI
CHAP. IX.
CHAP. X.
CH A P, XI.
CHAP. I
CHAP XV.
eases.
van
3 F

200
THE COMPLETE HERBALNICA
GO
CH A P T E R I.
Tather apply to a planet of the same triplicity
if you cannot wait that time neither, le
non Of Leaves of Herbs, or Trees. her be with a fixed star of their nature.
1. Of leaves, choose only such as are
6. Having well dried them, put them up
green, and full of juice; pick them care-
in brown paper, sewing the paper up like
fully, and cast away such as are any way
a sack, and press them not too hard toge-
declining, for they will putrify the rest : So ther, and keep them in a dry place near the
fire.
shall one handful be worth ten of those you
buy at the physic herb shops.
7. As for the duration of dried herbs,
2. Note what places they most delight a just time cannot be given, let authors prate
to grow in, and gather them there ; for
their pleasure; for,
Betony that grows in the shade, is far better
1st. Such as grow upon dry grounds will
than that which grows in the Sun, because keep better than such as grow on moist.com
it delights in the shade; so also such herbs
2dly, Such herbs as are full of juice,
as delight to grow near the water, shall be will not keep so long as such as are drier.
gathered near it, though happily you may
3dly. Such herbs as are well dried, wills
find some of them upon dry ground : The keep longer than such as are slack dried, is
Treatise will inform you where every herb
Yet you may know when they are corrupt-
delights to grow.
ed, by their loss of colour, or smell, or
3. The leaves of such herbs as run up to both; and if they be corrupted, reason
seed, are not so good when they are
will tell you that they must needs corrupt
in
flower as before (some few excepted, the the bodies of those people that take them.
leaves of which are seldom or never used)
4. Gather all leaves in the hour of that
in such cases, if through ignorance they
planet that governs them.
were not known, or through negligence
forgotten, you had better take the top ard
the flowers, then the leaf.-
Of Flowers.
4. Dry them well in the Sun, and not in 1. The flower, which is the beauty of the
the shade, as the saying of physicians is ;{plant, and of none of the least use in phy-
for if the sun draw away the virtues of the sick, grows yearly, and is to be gathered
herb, it must need do the like by hay, by when it is in its prime.
the same rule, which the experience of every 2. As for the time of gathering them, let
country farmer will explode for a notable} the planetary hour, and the planet they
piece of nonsense.
come of, be observed, as we shewed you
5. Such as are artists in astrology, (and in the foregoing chapter : as for the time of
indeed none else are fit to make physicians) the day, let it be when the sun shine upon
such I advise ; let the planet that governs them, that so they may be dry; for, if you
the herb be angular, and the stronger the gather either flowers or herbs when they are
better ; if they can, in herbs of Saturn, let wet or dewy, they will not keep.
Saturn be in the ascendant; in the herbs of 3. Dry them well in the sun, and keep
Mars, let Mars be in the mid heaven, for in them in papers near the fire, as I shewed
those houses they delight; let the Moon you in the foregoing chapter.
apply to them by good aspect, a1 / let her 4. So long as they retain the colour and
not be in the houses of her enemies ; if you smell, they are good; either of them being
cannot well stay till she apply to them, let gone, so is the virtue also.
CH A P T E R II.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
201
CHAPTER III.
voorlopinas
morning; and this idle talk of untruth is so
grounded in the heads, not only of the vul-
batter Of Seeds.
gar, but also of the learned, that a man
cannot drive it out by reason. I pray let
1. The seed is that part of the plant {such sapmongers answer me this argument;
which is endowed with a vital faculty to} If the sap falls into the roots in the fall of
bring forth its like, and it contains poten- { the leaf, and lies there all the Winter, then
tially the whole plant in it.
must the root grow only in the Winter.
2. As for place, let them be gathered But the root grows not at all in the Winter,
from the place where they delight to grow. as experience teaches, but only in the
3. Let them be full ripe when they are Summer: Therefore, If you set an apple-
gathered ; and forget not the celestial har- } kernel in the Spring, you shall find the root
mony before mentioned, for I have found to grow to a pretty bigness in the Summer,
by experience that their virtues are twice as and be not a whit bigger next Spring.
great at such times as others : “ There is What doth the sap do in the root all that
an appointed time for every thing under while ? Pick straws? "Tis as rotten as a
the sun."
ume corrotten post
.
4. When you have gathered them, dry The truth is, when the sun declines from
them a little, and but a little in the sun, the tropic of Cancer, the sap begins to con-
before you lay them up.
geal both in root and branch; when be
5. You need not be so careful of keeping touches the tropicof Capricorn, and ascends
them so near the fire, as the other before- to us-ward, it begins to wax thin again,
mentioned, because they are fuller of and by degrees, as it congealed. But to
spirit, and therefore not so subject to proceed.
corrupt.
3. The drier time you gather the roots
6. As for the time of their duration, it is in, the better they are; for they have the
palpable they will keep a good many years; } less excrementitious moisture in them.
yet, they are best the first year, and this 4. Such roots as are soft, your best way
I make appear by a good argument. They is to dry in the sun, or else hang them in
will grow sooner the first year they be set, the chimney corner upon a string; as for
therefore then they are in their prime ; such as are hard, you may dry them any
and it is an easy matter to renew them where.
yearly.
5. Such roots as are great, will keep
von .
longer than such as are small; yet most of
them will keep a year.
biz
postos moment en Of Roots.
8. Such roots as are soft, it is your best
way to keep them always near the fire, and
1. Op roots, chuse such as are neither to take this general rule for it: If in Win-
of
rotten nor worm-eaten, but proper in their ter-time
your roots, herbs
taste, colour, and smell; such as exceed or flowers begin to be moist, as inany times
neither in softness nor hardness,
you shall (for it is your best way to look try
2. Give me leave to be a little critical them once a month) dry them by a very
against the vulgar received opinion, which į gentle fire; or, if you can with convenience
is, That the sap falls down into the roots in keep them near the fire, you may save your
the Autumn, and rises again in the Spring, self the labour.
as men go to bed at night, and rise in the 7. It is in vain to dry roots that may
you find
find any

202
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CITA
CHAPTER 7
any more words.
commonly be had, as Parsley, Fennel, 3. The manner of clarifying it is this :
Plantain, &c. but gather them only for pre- Put it into a pipkin or skillet, or some such
sent need.
thing, and set it over the fire; and when the
scum arises, take it off ; let it stand over the
fire till no more scum arise; when you have
Of Barks.
your juice clarified, cast away the scum as
a thing of no use.
1. Barks, which physicians use in medi- 4. When you have thus clarified it, you
cine, are of these sorts : Of fruits, of roots, have two ways to preserve it all the year.
of boughs.
(1.) When it is cold, put it into a glass,
2. The barks of fruits are to be taken and put so much oil on it as will cover it
when the fruit is full ripe, as Oranges, to the thickness of two fingers ; the oil will
Lemons, &c. but because I have nothing to swim at the top, and so keep the air from
do with exotics here, I pass them without coming to purtify it: When you intend to
use it, pour it into a porringer, and if any
3. The barks of trees are best gathered oil come out with it, you may easily scum
in the Spring, if of oaks, or such great it off with a spoon, and put the juice you
trees; because then they come easier off, { use not into the glass again, it will quickly
and so you may dry them if you please; sink under the oil. This is the first way.
but indeed the best way is to gather all (2.) The second way is a little more dif
barks only for present use.
ficult, and the juice of fruits is usually pre-
4. As for the barks of roots, 'tis thus to served this way. When you have clarified
be gotten. Take the roots of such herbs as į it, boil it over the fire, till (being cold) it
have a pith in them, as parsley, fennel, &c. be of the thickness of honey; This is most
slit them in the middle, and when you have commonly used for diseases of the mouth,
taken out the pith (which you may easily and is called Roba and Saba. And thus
do) that which remains is called (tho' im- much for the first section, the second follows
properly) the bark, and indeed is only to be
used:
The way of making and keeping all necessary
Compounds.
Of Juices.
1. Juices are to be pressed out of herbs
when they are young and tender, out of
Of distilled Waters.
some stalks and tender tops of herbs and
plants, and also out of some flowers.
HITHERTO we have spoken of medicines
2. Having gathered the herh, would you { which consist in their own nature, which
preserve the juice of it, when it is very dry authors vulgarly call Simples, though some-
(for otherwise the juice will not be worth times improperly; for in truth, nothing is
a button) bruise it very well in a stone mor- simple but pure elements; all things else
tar with a wooden pestle, then having put are compounded of them. We come now
it into a canvas bag, the herb I mean, not ito treat of the artificial medicines, in the
the mortar, for that will give but little juice, form of which (because we must begin
press it hard in a press, then take the juice somewhere) we shall place distilled waters;
and clarify it.
in which consider,
SECTION II.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER
V.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
203
you will
1. Waters are distilled of herbs, flowers, 2. You see at the first view, That this
fruits, and roots.
Popol
aphorism divides itself into three branches,
2. We treat not of strong waters, but of which deserve severally to be treated of,
cold, as being to act Galen's part, and not viz. t so donne que o co di llit out
Paracelsus's.
to oldil. Syrups made by infusion. i vonal
3. The herbs ought to be distilled when asti 2. Syrups made by decoction.diviti
they are in the greatest vigour, and so ought 3. Syrups made by juice. bus effod
the flowers also.
sl
Of each of these, (for your instruction-
4. The vulgar way of distillations which sake, kind countrymen and women) I speak
people use, because they know no better, a word or two apart. 15 urte osored
is in a pewter' still; and although distilled 1st, Syrups made by infusion, are usually
waters are the weakest of artificial medicines, made of flowers, and of such flowers as
and good for little but mixtures of other soon lose their colour and strength by boil.
medicines, yet they are weaker by many ing, as roses, violets, peach flowers, &c.
degrees, than they would be were they dis- They are thus made: Having picked your
tilled in sand. If I thought it not impos-flowers clean, to every pound of them add.
sible, to teach you the way of distilling in three pounds or three pints, which
sand, I would attempt it.
Do (for it is all one) of spring water, inade boil-
5. When you have distilled your water, ing hot ; first put your flowers into a pew-
put it into a glass, covered over with a ter-pot, with a cover, and pour the water on
paper pricked full of holes, so that the ex-them ; then shutting the pot, let it stand by
crementitious and fiery vapours may ex- the fire, to keep hot twelve hours, and
hale, which cause that settling in distilled strain it out: (in such syrups as purge) as
waters called the Mother, which corrupt damask roses, peach flowers, &c. the usual,
them, then cover it close, and keep it for and indeed the best way, is to repeat this
your use,
infusion, adding fresh flowers to the same
6. Stopping distilled waters with a cork, ſliquor divers times, that so it may be the
makes them musty, and so does paper, if it; stronger) having strained it out, pul the
but touch the water : it is best to stop them infusion into a pewter bason, of an earthen
with a bladder, being first put in water, and one well glazed, and to every pint of it add
bound over the top of the glass.
two pounds of sugar, which being only
Such cold waters as are distilled in a melted over the fire, without boiling, and
pewter still (if well kept) will endure a year;}scummed, will produce you the syrup you
such as are distilled in sand, as they are desire.
Honda
twice as strong, so they endure twice as 2dly, Syrups made by decoction are
long.
usually made of compounds, yet may any
O or
Onni 915
CHAPTER 11. Take the herb, root, or flowers
simple herb be thus converted into syrup:
you would
24 Of Syrups. colocado
make into a syrup, and bruise it a little ;
1. A SYRUP is a medicine of a liquid { then boil it in a convenient quantity of
form, composed of infusion, decoction and spring water ; the more water you boil it
juice. And, 1. For the more grateful taste in, the weaker it will be; a handful of the
2. For the better keeping of it: with a cer- herb or root is a convenient quantity for a
tain quantity of honey or sugar, hereafter pint of water, boil it till half the water be
mentioned, boiled to the thickness of new consumed, then let it stand till it be almost
honey.
101B EROOS
cold, and strain it through a woollen cloth,
(21, 22.)
3 G

204
C. THE COMPLETE HERBAL
letting it run out at leisure: without press- į want help, or such as are in health, and want
ing. To every pint of this decoction add { no money to quench thirst.
one pound of sugar, and boil it over the 3. Now-a-day-it is commonly used-
fire till it come to a syrup, which you may 1. To prepare the body for purgation.
know, if you now and then cool a little of 2. To open obstructions and the pores.
it with a spoon : Scum it all the while it 3. To digest tough humours.
boils, and when it is sufficiently boiled, 4. To qualify hot distempers, &c.
whilst it is hot, strain it again through a 4. Simple Juleps, (for I have nothing to
woollen cloth, but press it not. Thus you say to compounds here) are thus made;
have the syrup perfected. Take a pint of such distilled water, as con-
3dly, Syrups made of juice, are usually duces to the cure of your distemper, which
made of such herbs as are full of juice, and this treatise will plentifully furnish you
indeed they are better made into a syrup with, to which add two ounces of syrup,
this way than any other; the operation is conducing to the same effect; (I shall give
thus: Having beaten the herb in a stone you rules for it in the next chapter) mix
mortar, with a wooden pestle, press out the them together, and drink a draught of it at
juice, and clarify it, as you are taught be- your pleasure. If you love tart things,
fore in the juices; then let the juice boil şadd ten drops of oil of vitriol to your pint,
away till about a quarter of it be consumed; and shake it together, and it will have a fine
to a pint of this add a pound of sugar, and grateful taste.
when it is boiled, strain it through a woollen 5. All juleps are made for present use;
cloth, as we taught you before, and keep it and therefore it is in vain to speak of their
for your use. noun
duration.
3. If you make a syrup of roots that are 109
TOOD
any thing hard, as parsley, fennel, and grasso
roots, &c. when you have bruised them,
Of Decoctions.
lay them in steep some time in that water 1. ALL the difference between decoc-
which you intend to boil them in hot, so will
the virtue the better come out.
tions, and syrups made by decoction, is
4. Keep your syrups either in glasses or only for present use; for you can hardly.
this ; Syrups are made to keep, decoctions
stone pots, and stop them not with cork nor
bladder, unless you would have the glass the weather be hot, not half so long.
keep a decoction a week at any time; if
break, and the syrup lost, only bind paper
2. Decoctions are made of leaves, roots,
about the mouth.
5. All syrups, if well made, continue a the cure of the disease you make them for ;
flowers, seeds, fruits or barks, conducing to
year with some advantage; yet such as are
are made in the same manner as we shewed.
made by infusion, keep shortest.
you
in
syrups.
3. Decoctions made with wine last longer:
than such as are made with water; and if
Of Juleps.
you take your decoction to cleanse the
1. JULEPs were first invented, as I sup- passages of the urine, or open obstructions,
pose, in Arabia ; and my reason is, because your best way is to make it with white.
the word Julep is an Arabic word.
wine instead of water, because this is pene-.
2. It signifies only a pleasant potion, as trating.
is vulgarly used by such as are sick, and 4. Decoctions are of most use in such
cock
CHAPTER IV.
C Η Α Ρ Τ Ε R ΙΙΙ,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
205
diseases as lie in the passages of the body, fruits or seeds by expression, as oil of sweet
as the stomach, bowels, kidneys, passages and bitter almonds, linseed and rape-seed
of urine and bladder, because decoctions } oil, &c. of which see in my Dispensatory.
pass quicker to those places than any other 4. Compound oils, are made of oil of
form of medicines,
got olives, and other simples, imagine herbs,
5. If you will sweeten your decoction flowers, roots, &c. VODA DUCY
with sugar, or any syrup fit for the occasion 5. The way of making them is this:
you take it for, which is better, you may, Having bruised the herbs or flowers you
and no harm.
would make your oil of, put them into an
6. If in a decoction, you boil both roots, earthen pot, and to two or three handfuls of
herbs, flowers, and seed together, let the them pour a pint of oil, 'cover the pot with
roots boil a good while first, because they a paper, set it in the sun about a fortnight
retain their virtue longest ; then the next in { or so, according as the sun is in hotness ;
order by the same rule, viz. 1. Barks. 2. į then having warmed it very well by the fire,
The herbs. 3. The seeds. 4. The flowers. press out the herb, &c. very hard in a press,
5. The spices, if you put any in, because and add as many more herbs to the same
their virtues come soonest out. cotoil; bruise the herbs (I mean not the oil) in
7. Such things as by boiling cause } like manner, set them in the sun as before ;
sliminess to a decoction, as figs, quince- the oftener you repeat this, thestronger your
seed, linseed, &c. your best way is, after oil will be ; At last when you conceive it
you have bruised them, to tie them up in a strong enough, boil both herbs and oil
linen rag, as you
as you tie
up calf's brains, and so together, till the juice be consumed, which
boil them.
you may know by its bubbling, and the
8. Keep all decoctions in a glass close herbs will be crisp ; then strain it while it
stopped, and in the cooler place you keep is hot, and keep it in a stone or glass vessel
them, the longer they will last ere they be for your use.
GO
6. As for chymical oils, I have nothing to
Lastly, The usual dose to be given at one say here.fr
time, is usually two, three, four, or five 7. The general use of these oils, is for
ounces, according to the age and strength pains in the limbs, roughness of the skin,
of the patient, the season of the year, the the itch, &c. as also for ointments and
strength of the medicine, and the quality of plaisters.
8. If you have occasion to use it for
wounds or ulcers, in two ounces of oil,
dissolve half an ounce of turpentine, the
Of Oils.
Loe heat of the fire will quickly do it; for oil
itself is offensive to wounds, and the turpen-
1. OIL Olive, which is commonly known
by the name of. Sallad Oil, I suppose,
be-
tine qualifies it.
cause it is usually eaten with sallads by
them that love it, if it be pressed out of
ripe olives, according to Galen, is tempe-
Of Electuaries.
rate, and exceeds in no one quality.
PHYSICIANS make more a quoil than
2. Of oils, some are simple, and some are needs by half, about electuaries. I shall
compound.
prescribe but one general way of making
S. Simple oils, are such as are made of them up; as for ingredients, you may vary
sour.
the disease.
CH A P T E R V.
CHAPTER VI.

206
TO DH THE COMPLETE HERBAL TOMA
them as you please, and as you find occa- 2. Conserves of herbs and flowers, are
sion, by the last chapter. ronnis oi thus made: if you make your conserves of
1. That you may make electuaries when herbs, as of scurvy-grass, wormwood, rue,
you need them, it is requisite that you keep and the like, take only the leaves and ten-
always herbs, roots, flowers, seeds, &c. } der tops (for you may beat your heart out
ready dried in your house, that so you may before you can beat the stalks small) and
be in a readiness to beat them into powder ; having beaten them, weigh them, and to
when you need them.
every pound of them add three pounds of
12. It is better to keep them whole than sugar, you cannot beat them too much.
beaten ; for being beaten, they are more 3. Conserves of fruits, as of barberries,
subject to lose their strength; because the i sloes and the like, is thus made : First,
air soon penetrates them.
Scald the fruit, then rub the pulp through
3. If they be not dry enough to beat into a thick hair sieve made for the purpose,
powder when you need them, dry them by called a pulping sieve; you may do it for
a gentle fire till they are so. tortivo a need with the back of a spoon: then take
4. Having beaten them, sift them through this pulp thus drawn, and add to it its
a fine tiffany searce, that no great pieces weight of sugar, and no more; put it into
may be found in you electuary.
a pewter vessel, and over a charcoal fire ;
5. To one ounce of your powder add stir it up and down till the sugar be melted,
three ounces of clarified honey; this quan- and your conserve is made.
tity I hold to be sufficient. If you would
If you would 4. Thus you have the way of making
make more or less electuary, vary your pro- conserves ; the way of keeping them is in
portion accordingly.roul earthen pots.
6. Mix them well together in a mortar, 5. The dose is usually the quantity of a
and take this for a truth, you cannot mix { nutmeg at a time morning and evening,
them too much.
or (unless they are purging) when you
7. The way to clarify honey, is to set it please.
over the fire in a convenient vessel, till the } 6. Of conserves, some keep many years,
scum rise, and when the scum is taken off, }as conserves of roses : other but a year, as
it is clarified. mazail an die
conserves of Borage, Bugloss, Cowslips and
8. The usual dose of cordial electuaries, the like.
is from half a dram to two drams; of purg- 7. Have a care of the working of some
ing electuaries, from half an ounce to an conserves presently after they are made;
look to them once a day, and stir them
9. The manner of keeping them is in a {about
of Borage, Bugloss,
pot.
Bonita
Wormwood, have got an excellent faculty
10. The time of taking them, is either in at that sport.
a morning fasting, and fasting an hour after 8. You may know when your conserves
them; or at night going to bed, three or four are almost spoiled by this; you shall find
hours after supper.
a hard crust at top with little holes in it,
as though worms had been eating there.
Of Conserves.
1. The way of making conserves is two-
Of Preserves.
fold, one of herbs and flowers, and the other
of fruits.
Of Preserves are sundry sorts, and the
ounce.
conserves
CH A P T E R
V II.
CH A P T E R
VIII.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
1
207
teach you.
operation of all being somewhat different, you cut it into it, and let it remain until
we will handle them all apart. These are you have occasion to use it.
preserved with sugar :
3. Roots are thus preserved; First, Scrape
od 51. Flowers. 3. Roots.
them very clean, and cleanse them from the
2. Fruits.
4. Barks.
pith, if they have any, for some roots have
1. Flowers are very seldom preserved ; not, as Eringo and the like ; Boil them in
I never saw any that I remember, save water till they be soft, as we shewed you
only cowslip flowers, and that was a great before in the fruits; then boil the water you
fashion in Sussex when I was a boy. It is boiled the root in into a syrup, as we shewed
thus done, Take a flat glass, we call them you before; then keep the root whole in the
jat glasses ; strew on a laying of fine sugar, syrup till you use them.
on that a laying of flowers, and on that 4. As for barks, we have but few come
another laying of sugar, on that another to our hands to be done, and of those the
laying of flowers, so do till your glass be few that I can remember, are, oranges,
full; then tie it over with a paper, and in { lemons, citrons, and the outer bark of wal-
a little time, you shall have very excellent i nuts, which grow without side the shell,
and pleasant preserves.
for the shells themselves would make but
There is another way of preserving scurvy preserves; these be they I can re-
flowers ; namely, with vinegar and salt, member, if there be any more put them
as they pickle capers and broom-buds; but into the number.
as I have little skill in it myself, I cannot The way of preserving these, is not all
one in authors, for some are bitter, some are
2 Fruits, as quinces, and the like, are hot; such as are bitter, say authors, must
preserved two ways;
be soaked in warm water, oftentimes chang-
(1.) Boil them well in water, and then ing till their bitter taste be fled ; But I like
pulp them through a sieve, as we shewed not this way and my reason is this ; Because
you before, then with the like quantity of I doubt when their bitterness is gone, so is
sugar, boil the water they were boiled in their virtue also ; I shall then prescribe one
into a syrup, viz. a pound of sugar to a pint{common way, namely, the same with the
of liquor; to every pound of this syrup, } former, viz. First, boil them whole till they
add four ounces of the pulp ; then boil it be soft, then make a syrup with sugar and
with a very gentle fire to their right con- the liquor you boil them in, and keep the
sistence, which you may easily know if you { barks in the syrup.
drop a drop of it upon a trencher; if it 5. They are kept in glasses or in glaz'd pots,
be enough, it will not stick to your fingers 6. The preserved flowers will keep a year,
when it is cold.
if you can forbear eating of them; the
(2.) Another way to preserve fruits is froots and barks much longer.
this; First, Pare off the rind; then cut 7. This art was plainly and first invented
them in halves, and take out the core: then for delicacy, yet came afterwards to be of
boil them in water till they are soft ; if you excellent use in physic; For,
know when beef is boiled enough, you may (1.) Hereby medicines are made pleasant
easily know when they are ; Then boil the {for sick and squeamish stomachs, which
water with its like weight of sugar into a }else would loath them.
syrup; put the syrup into a pot, and put (2.) Hereby they are preserved from de-
the boiled fruit as whole as you left it when caying a long time.
(21, 22.)
3 H
og ariotötart

208
G. THE COMPLETE HERBAL
CH A P T E R I X.
mean, not the mortar,) cover it with a
paper and set it either in the sun, or some
gost
Of Lohocks. Tai
other warm place; three, four, or five days,
that it may melt ; then take it out and boil
1. That which the Arabians call Lo-{it a little; then whilst it is hot, strain it out,
hocks, and the Greeks Eclegma, the Latins; pressing it out very hard in a press : to this
call Linctus, and in plain English signifies grease add as many more herbs bruised as
nothing else but a thing to be licked up. before ; let them stand in like manner as
2. They are in body thicker than a long, then boil them as you did the former;
syrup, and not so thick as an electuary. If you think your ointment is not strong
3. The manner of taking them is, often to į enough, you may do it the third and fourth
take a little with a liquorice stick, and let it time: yet this I will tell you, the fuller of
go down at leisure.
juice the herbs are, the sooner will your
4. They are easily thus made; Make ointment be strong; the last time you boil
a decoction of pectoral herbs, and the trea- it, boil it so long till your herbs be crisp,
tise will furnish you with enough, and when and the juice consumed, then strain it
you have strained it, with twice its weight pressing it hard in a press, and to every
of honey or sugar, boil it to a lohock; if pound of ointment add two ounces of tur-
you are molested with much phlegm, honey pentine, and as much wax, because grease
is better than sugar; and if you add a little is offensive to wounds, as well as oil.
vinegar to it, you will do well; if not, I hold 2. Ointments are vulgarly known to be
sugar to be better than honey.
kept in pots, and will last above a year,
5. It is kept in pots, and may be kept a some above two years.
year and longer.
6. It is excellent for roughness of the
wind-pipe, inflammations and ulcers of the
Of Plaisters.
lungs,difficulty of breathing,asthmas,coughs,
and distillation of humours.
1. THE Greeks made their plaisters of
divers simples, and put metals into the most
of them, if not all; for having reduced their
Of Ointments.
metals into powder, they mixed them with
that fatty substance whereof the rest of the
1. VARIOUS are the ways of making plaister consisted, whilst it was thus hot,
ointments, which authors have left to pos- continually stirring it up and down, lest it
terity, which I shall omit, and quote one should sink to the bottom; so they con-
which is easiest to be made, and therefore {tinually stirred it till it was stiff; then they
most beneficial to people that are ignorant made it up in rolls, which when they needed
in physic, for whose sake I write this. It is for use, they could melt by the fire again,
thus done.
2. The Arabians made up theirs with
Bruise those herbs, flowers, or roots, you oil and fat, which needed not
so long
will make an ointment of, and to two hand- boiling.
fuls of your bruised herbs add a pound of 3. The Greeks emplaisters consisted of
hog's grease dried, or cleansed from the these ingredients, metals, stones, divers
skins, beat them very well together in a sorts of earth, feces, juices, liquors, seeds,
stone mortar with a wooden pestle, then put roots, herbs, excrements of creatures, wax,
it into a stone pot, (the herb and grease I rosin, gums.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER
X

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
209)
sores.
use.
CHAPTER XIV.
stomach is never cold till a man be dead ;
CILA PTER XII.
in such a case, it is better to carry troches
Of Poultices.
of wormwood, or galangal, in a paper in
1. POULTICES are those kind of things him.
his pocket, than to lay a gallipot along with
which the Latins call Cataplasmata, and our
learned fellows, thatif they can read English,
4. They are made thus ; At night when
that's all, call them Cataplasms, because you go to bed, take two drams of fine gum
Ptis a crabbed word few understand; it is in- tragacanth; put it into a gallipot, and put
deed a very fine kind of medicine to ripen water fitting for the purpose you would
half a quarter of a pint of any distilled
2, They are made of herbs and roots, next morning you shall find it in such a
make your troches for to cover it, and the
fitted for the disease, and members afflicted, jelly as the physicians call mucilage; With
being chopped small, and boiled in water this you may (with a little pains taken)
almost to a jelly; then by adding a little make a powder into a paste, and that paste
barleymeal, or meal of lupins, and a little into cakes called troches.
oil, or rough sweet suet, which I hold to be
better, spread upon a cloth and apply to shade, and keep them in a pot for your
5. Having made them, dry them in the
the grieved places.
3. Their use is to ease pain, to break
sores, to cool inflammations, to dissolve
hardness, to ease the spleen, to concoct
Of Pills.
humours, and dissipate swellings.
4. I beseech you take this caution along
1. They are called Pilule, because they
with you; Use no poultices (if you can resemble little balls ; the Greeks call them
help it) that are of an healing nature, before Catapotia.
you have first cleansed the body, because
2. It is the opinion of modern physicians,
they are subject to draw the humours to that this way of making medicines, was
them from every part of the body.
invented only to deceive the palate, that
so by swallowing them down whole, the
bitterness of the medicine might not be
Of Troches.
perceived, or at least it might not be unsuf-.
ferable: and indeed most of their pills,
1. The Latins call them Placentula, orthough not all, are very bitter.
little cakes, and the Greeks Prochikois, 3. I am of a clean contrary opinion to
Kukliscoi, and Artiscoi ; they are usually this. I rather think they were done in
little round flat cakes, or you may make this hard form, that so they might be the
them square if you will.
longer in digesting ; and my opinion is
2. Their first invention was, that powders grounded upon reason too, not upon fancy,
being so kept might resist the intermission or hearsay. The first invention of pills was
of air, and so endure pure the longer. to purge the head, now, as I told you
3. Besides, they are easier carried in the before, such infirmities as lie near the pas--
pockets of such as travel; as many a man sages were best removed by decoctions,
(for example) is forced to travel whose because they pass to the grieved part
stomach is too cold, or at least not so hot as soonest; so here, if the infirmity lies in the
it should be, which is most proper, for the head, or any other remote part, the best way
CH A P T E R XIII.
up

210
THE COMPLEI E HERBAL LA
is to use pills, because they are longer in 1. With the disease, regard the cause,
digestion, and therefore the better able to and the part of the body afflicted; for
call the offending humour to them. example, suppose a woman be subject to
4. If I should tell you here a long tale of miscarry, through wind, thus do ;
medicine working by sympathy and anti- (1.) Look Abortion in the table of dis-
pathy, you would not understand a word of eases, and you shall be directed by that,
it: They that are set to make physicians how many herbs prevent miscarriage.
may find it in the treatise. All modern (2.) Look Wind in the same table, and
physicians know not what belongs to a you shall see how many of these herbs ex-
sympathetical cure, no more than a cuckow pel wind.
what belongs to flats and sharps in music, These are the herbs medicinal for your
but follow the vulgar road, and call it a grief.
hidden quality, because 'tis hidden from the 2. In all diseases strengthen the part of
eyes of dunces, and indeed none but astro- } the body afflicted.
logers can give a reason for it; and physic 3. In mix'd diseases there lies some dif-
without reason is like a pudding without ficulty, for sometimes two parts of the body
fai.
are afflicted with contrary humours, as
6. The way to make pills is very easy, sometimes the liver is afflicted with choler
for with the help of a pestle and mortar, and water, as when a man hath both the
and a little diligence, you may make any dropsy and the yellow-jaundice; and this
powder into pills, either with syrup, or the is usually mortal.
jelly I told you before.
In the former, Suppose the brain be too
CHAPTER X V.
cool and moist, and the liver be too hot and
The way of mixing Medicines according to
dry; thus do ;
1. Keep your head outwardly warm.
the Cause of the Disease, and Parts of the
2. Accustom yourself to the smell of hot
Body afflicted
herbs.
This being indeed the key of the work, 3. Take a pill that heats the head at night
I shall be somewhat the more diligent in įgoing to bed.
il. I shall deliver myself thus ;
4. In the morning take a decoction that
1. To the Vulgar.
cools the liver, for that quickly passes the
2. To such as study Astrology; or such stomach, and is at the liver immediately.
as study physic astrologically.
You must not think, courteous people,
1st, To the Vulgar. Kind souls, I am that I can spend time to give you examples
sorry it halk been your hard mishap to have of all diseases ; These are enough to let you
been so long trained in such Egyptian dark- see so much light as you without art are
ness which to your sorrow may be felt; able to receive; If I should set you to look
The vulgar road of physic is not my prac- at the sun, I should dazzle your eyes, and
tice, and I am therefore the more unfit to make you blind.
give you advice. I have now published 2dly, To such as study Astrology, (who
a little book, (Galen's Art of Physic,) which are the only men I know that are fit to
will fully instruct you, not only in the study physic, physic without astrology being
knowledge of your own bodies, but also in like a lamp without oil : you are the men
fit medicines to remedy each part of it I exceedingly respect, and such documents
when afflicted; in the mean season take ļas niy brain can give you at present (being
these few rules to stay your stomachs. absent from my study) I shall give you
1

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
211
1 Fortify the body with herbs of the 5. If this cannot well be, make use of the
nature of the Lord of the Ascendant, 'tis no medicines of the Light of Time
matter whether he be a Fortune or Infortune 6. Be sure always to fortify the grieved
in this case.
part of the body by sympathetical remedies.
2. Let your medicine be something anti- 7. Regard the heart, keep that upon the
pathetical to the Lord of the sixth.
wheels, because the Sun is the foundation of
3. Let your medicine be something of life, and therefore those universal remedies,
the nature of the sign ascending.
Aurum Potabile, and the Philosopher's
4. If the Lord of the Tenth be strong, Stone, cure all diseases by fortifying the
make use of his medicines.
heart.
THE
ENGLISH PHYSICIAN
AND
FAMILY DIPENSATORY.
AN ASTROLOGO-PHYSICAL DISCOURSE OF THE HUMAN VIRTUES IN
THE BODY OF MAN; BOTH PRINCIPAL AND ADMINISTERING.
HUMAN virtues are either PRINCIPAL
The scope of this discourse is, To pre-
for procreation, and conservation; or AD-
serve in soundness and vigour, the mind
MINISTRING, for Attraction, Digestion,
and understanding of man; to strengthen
Retention, or Expulsion.
the brain, preserve the body in health, to
teach a man to be an able co-artificer, or
Virtues conservative, are Vital, Natural, helper of nature, to withstand and expel
and Animal.
Diseases.
By the natural are bred Blood, Choler, I shall touch only the principal faculties
Flegm, and Melancholy.
both of body and mind; which being kept
The animal virtue is Intellective, and Sen-in à due decorum, preserve the body in
sitive.
health, and the mind in vigour.
The Intellective is Imagination, Judgment, I shall in this place speak of them only
in the general, as they are aid down to
The sensitive is Common, and Particular. your view in the Synopsis, in the former
The particular is Seeing, Hearing, Smell- pages, and in the same order
.
ing, Tasting, and Feeling.
Virtue Procreative ] The firs n order, is
(21, 22.)
3 I
and Memory.

212
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the Virtue Procreative; for natural regards
Choler is made of meat more than per-
not only the conservation of itself, but to fectly concocted ; and it is the spume ar
beget its like, and conserve in Species. froth of blood : it clarifies all the humours,
The seat of this is the Member of Gene-heats the body, nourishes the apprehension,
ration, and is governed principally by the as blood doth the judgment: It is in quality
influence of Venus.
hot and dry; fortifies the attractive faculty,
It is augmented and encreased by the as blood doth the digestive; moves man to
strength of Venus, by her Herbs, Roots, activity and valour: its receptacle is the
Trees, Minerals, &c.
gall, and it is under the influence of Mars.
It is diminished and purged by those of Flegm is made of meat not perfectly di-
Mars, and quite extinguished by those of gested; it fortifies the virtue expulsive, makes
Saturn.
the body slippery, fit for ejection; it fortifies
Observe the hour and Medicines of Venus, the brain by its consimilitude with it; yet
to fortify; of Mars, to cleanse this virtue ; it spoils apprehension by its antipathy to it:
of Saturn, to extinguish it.
It qualifies choler, cools and moistens the
Conservative.] The conservative virtue is heart, thereby sustaining it, and the whole
Vital, Natural, Animal.
body, from the fiery effects, which continual
Vital.] The Vital spirit hath its residence motion would produce. Its receptacle is
in the heart, and is dispersed from it by the the lungs, and is governed by Venus, some
Arteries; and is governed by the influence say by the Moon, perhaps it may be go-
of the Sun. And it is to the body, as the verned by them both, it is cold and moist in
Sun is to the Creation; as the heart is in quality.
the Microcosm, so is the Sun in the Mega- Melancholy is the sediment of blood, cold
cosm: for as the Sun gives life, light, and and dry in quality, fortifying the retentive
motion to the Creation, so doth the heart to { faculty, and memory; makes men sober,
the body; therefore it is called Sol Corporis, solid, and staid, fit for study; stays the un-
as the Sun is called Cor Cali, because their įbridled toys of lustful blood, slays the wan-
operations are similar.
dering thoughts, and reduces them home to
Inimical and destructive to this virtue, the centre : its receptacle is in the spleen,
are Saturn and Mars.
and it is governed by Saturn.
The Herbs and Plants of Sol, wonderfully Of all these humours blood is the chief,
fortify it.
all the rest are superfluities of blood ; yet
Natural.] The natural faculty or virtue are they necessary superfluities, for without
resides in the liver, and is generally governed any of them, man cannot live.
by Jupiter, Quasi Juvans Pater ; its office is Namely; Choler is the fiery superfluities;
to nourish the body, and is dispersed through Flegm, the Watery; Melancholy, the
the body by the veins.
Earthly.
From this are bred four particular Animal.] The third principal virtue re-
humours, Blood, Choler, Flegm, and Melan- mains, which is Animal'; its residence is in
choly.
the brain, and Mercury is the general sig-
Blood is made of meat perfectly con- }nificator of it. Ptolomy held the Moon sig-
cocted, in quality hot and moist, governed {nified the Animal virtue; and I am of
by Jupiter : It is by a third concoction opinion, both Mercury and the Moon dis-
transmuted into flesh, the superfluity of it pose it; and my reason is, 1, Because both
into seed, and its receptacle is the veins, by oftheminnativities, either fortify, or impedite
which it is dispersed through the body. it. 2, Ill directions to either, or from either,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
213
afflict it, as good ones help it. Indeed the So that it is one of the surest rules to
Moon rules the bulk of it, as also the sensi-know a man's own complexion, by his
tive part of it: Mercury the rational part: dreams, I mean a man void of distractions,
and that's the reason, if in a nativity the or deep studies: (this most assuredly shews
Moon be stronger than Mercury, sense many Mercury to dispose of the Imagination, as
times over-powers reason; but if Mercury also because it is mutable, applying itself to
be strong, and the Moon weak, reason will any object, as Mercury's nature is to do;) for
be master ordinarily in despite of sense. then the imagination will follow its old bent;
It is divided into Intellective, and Sen- for if a man be bent upon a business, his
sitive.
apprehension will work as much when he is
1. Intellective.] The Intellectual resides {asleep, and find out as many truths by study,
in the brain, within the Pia mater, is govern- as when the man is awake; and perhaps
ed generally by Mercury.
more too, because then it is not hindered
It is divided into Imagination, Judgment, by ocular objects.
and Memory.
And thus much for imagination, which is
Imagination is seated in the forepart of governed by Mercury, and fortified by his
the brain; it is hot and dry in quality, influence; and is also strong or weak in
quick, active, always working; it receives { man, according as Mercury is strong or
vapours from the heart, and coins them into į weak in the nativity.
thoughts: it never sleeps, but always is Judgment is seated in the midst of the
working, both when the man is sleeping and brain, to shew that it ought to bear rule over
waking; only when Judgment is awake it all the other faculties: it is the judge of the
regulates the Imagination, which runs at little world, to approve of what is good,
random when Judgment is asleep, and forms and reject what is bad; it is the seat of
any thought according to the nature of the reason, and the guide of actions; so that all
vapour sent up to it. Mercury is out of failings are committed through its infirmity,
question the disposer of it.
it not rightly judging between a real and
A man may easily perceive his Judg- an apparent good. It is hot and moist
ment asleep before himself many times, and in quality, and under the influence of
then he shall . perceive his thoughts run at Jupiter.
random.
Memory is seated in the hinder cell of the
Judgment always sleeps when men do, brain, it is the great register to the little
Imagination never sleeps ; Memory some- world ; and its office is to record things
times sleeps when men sleep, and sometimes either done and past, or to be done.
it doth not: so then when memory is awake, It is in quality cold and dry, melancholic,
and the man asleep, then memory remem- and therefore generally melancholic men
bers what apprehension coins, and that is a have best memories, and most tenacious
dream: The thoughts would have been the every way. It is under the dominion of
same, if memory had not been awake to re- Saturn, and is fortified by his influence, but
member it.
purged by the luminaries.
These thoughts are commonly (I mean in 2. Sensitive.] The second part of the ani-
sleep, when they are purely natural,) framed | mal virtue, is sensitive,' and it is divided into
according to the nature of the humour, two parts, common and particular.
called complexion, which is predominate in Common sense is an imaginary term,
the body; and if the humour be peccant it and that which gives virtue to all the par-
ticular senses, and knits and unites them
is always so.

214
- THE COMPLETE HERBAL
senses.
together within the Pia Mater. It is regu- } It is under the dominion of Venus, some say,
lated by Mercury, (perhaps this is one rea- } Mercury: A thousand to one, but it is
son why men are so fickle-headed) and its under Mercury.
office is to preserve a harmony among the
The four ADMINISTERING VIRTUES are,
Particular senses are five, viz. seeing, attractive
, digestive, retentive, and expulsive.
hearing, smelling, tasting, and
feeling.
The attractive virtue is hot and dry, hot
These senses are united in one, in the by quality, active, or principal, and that
brain, by the common sense, but are ope- appears because the fountain of all heat is
ratively distinguished into their several attractive, viz. the sun. Dry by a quality
seats, and places of residence.
passive, or an effect of its heat ; its office
The sight resides in the eyes, and par- is to remain in the body, and call for what
ticularly in the christaline humour. It is nature wants.
in quality cold and moist, and governed by It is under the influence of the Sun, say
the luminaries. They who have them weak } authors, and not under Mars, because he is
in their genesis, have always weak sights ; of a corrupting nature, yet if we cast an
if one of them be so, the weakness pos- } impartial eye upon experience, we shall
sesses but one eye.
find, that martial men call for meat none of
The hearing resides in the ears; is in the least, and for drink the most of all other
quality, cold and dry, melancholy, and men, although many times they corrupt the
under the dominion of Saturn.
body by it, and therefore I see no reason
The smelling resides in the nose, is in why Mars being of the same quality with
quality hot and dry, choleric, and that is the Sun, should not have a share in the
the reason choleric creatures have so good į dominion. It is in vain to object, that the
smells, as dogs. It is under the influence influence of Mars is evil, and therefore he
of Mars.
should have no dominion over this virtue;
The taste resides in the palate, which is for then,
placed at the root of the tongue on purpose 1. By the same rule, he should have no
to discern what food is congruous for the }dominion at all in the body of inan.
stomach, and what not; as the meseraik 2. All the virtues in man are naturally
veins are placed to discern what nourish-evil, and corrupted by Adam's fall.
ment is proper for the liver to convert into This attractive virtue ought to be forti-,
blood. In some very few men, and but fied when the Moon is in fiery signs, viz.
a few, and in those few, but in few instances Aries and Sagitary, but not in Leo, for the
these two tasters agree not, and that is the sign is so violent, that no physic ought to
reason some men covet meats that make be given when the Moon is there : (and
them sick, viz. the taste craves them, and why not Leo, seeing that is the most attrac-
the meseraik veins reject them: In quality tive sign of all; and that's the reason such
hot and moist, and is ruled by Jupiter. as have it ascending in their genesis, are
The feeling is deputed to no particular such greedy eaters.) If you connot stay till
organ, but is spread abroad, over the whole the Moon be in one of them, let one of them
body; is of all qualities, hot, cold, dry, and ascend when you administer the medicine.
moist, and is the index of all tangible The digestive virtue is hot and moist, and
things; for if it were only hot alone, it is the principal of them all, the other like
could not feel a quality contrary, viz. cold, handmaids attend it.
-and this might be spoken of other qualities. The attractive virtue draws that which it
و

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
215
should digest, and serves continually to feed Although I did what I could throughout
and supply it.
the whole book to express myself in such a
The retentive virtue, retains the substance } language as might be understood by all, and
with it, till it be perfectly digested.
therefore avoided terms of art as much as
The expulsive virtue casteth out, expels might be, Yet, 1. Some words of necessity fall
what is superfluous by digestion. It is in which need explanation. 2. It would be
under the influence of Jupiter, and fortified very tedious at the end of every receipt to repeat
by his herbs and plants, &c. In fortifying over and over again, the way of administration
it, let your Moon be in Gemini, Aquary, or of the receipt, or ordering your bodies after it,
the first half of Libra, or if matters be come or to instruct you in the mixture of medicines,
to that extremity, that you cannot stay till {and indeed would do nothing else but stuff the
that time, let one of them ascend, but both { book full of tautology.
of them together would do better, always To answer to both these is my task at this
provided that the Moon be not in the as- {time.
cendent. I cannot believe the Moon afflicts To the first : The words which need ex-
the ascendent so much as they talk of, if plaining, such as are obvious to my eye, are
she be well dignified, and in a sign she these that follow.
delights in
1. To distil in Balno Mariæ, is the usual
The retentive virtue is in quality cold and way of distilling in water. It is no more than
dry; cold, because the nature of cold is to što place your glass body which holds the matter
compress, witness the ice; dry, because the to be distilled in a covenient vessel of water,
nature of dryness, is to keep and hold what when the water is cold (for fear of breaking)
is compressed. It is under the influence of put a wisp of straw, or the like under is, to keep
Saturn, and that is the reason why usually { it from the bottom, then make the water boil,
Saturnine men are so covetous and tenaci- that so the spirit may be distilled forth; take
In fortifying of it, make use of the not the glass out till the water be cold again,
herbs and plants, &c. of Saturn, and let the for fear of breaking : It is impossible for a
Moon be in Taurus or Virgo, Capricorn is not man to learn how to do it, unless he saw it
so good, say authors, (I can give no reason done.
for that neither ;) let not Saturn nor his ill 2. Manica Hippocrates. Hippocrates's
aspect molest the ascendent.
sleeve, is a piece of woolen cloth, new and
The expulsive faculty is cold and moist; } white, sewed together in form of a sugar-loaf.
cold because that compasses the super- Its use is, to strain any syrup or decoction
fluities; moist, because that makes the body { through, by pouring it into it, and suffering
slippery and fit for ejection, and disposes it it to run through without pressing or crush-
to it. It is under the dominion of Luna, ing it.
with whom you may join Yerus, because 3. Calcination, is a burning of a thing in
she is of the same nature.
a crucible or other such convenient vessel
Also in whatsoever is before written, of that will endure the fire. A crucible is such
the nature of the planets, take notice, that įa thing as goldsmiths" melt silver in, and
fixed stars of the same nature, work the founders metals ; you may place it in the
sanie effect.
midst of the fire, with coals above, below,
In fortifying this, (which ought to be and on every side of it.
done in all purgations,) let the Moon be in 4. Filtrition, is straining of a liquid body
Cancer, Scorpio, or Pisces, or let one of these through a brown paper :
: make
up
signs ascend.
in form of a funnel, the which having placed
ous.
the paper
(21, 22.)
3K

216
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
man.
in a funnel, and the funnel and the paper so medicines might be more delightful, or at
in it in an empty glass, pour in the liquor least less burdensome. You may make the
you would filter, and let it run through at its mixtures of them in what form you please;
leisure. .
only for your better instruction at present,
5. Coagulation, is curdling or hardening : accept of these few lines.
it is used in physic for reducing a liquid 1. Consider, that all diseases are cured by
body to hardness by the heat of the fire. their contraries, but all parts of the body
6. Whereas you find vital, natural, and maintained by their likes: then if heat be
animal spirits often mentioned in the virtues į the cause of the disease, give the cold medi-
or receipts, I shall explain what they be, cine appropriated to it; if wind, see how
and what their operation is in the body of many medicines appropriated to that disease
expel wind, and use them.
The actions or operations of the animal 2. Have a care you use not such medi-
virtues, are, 1. sensitive, 2. motive.
cines to one part of your body which are
The sensitive is, 1. external, 2. internal. appropriated to another, for if your brain
The external senses are, 1, seeing, 2. hear- be over heated, and you use such medicines
ing, 3. tasting, 4. smelling, 5. feeling: as cool the heart or liver, you may make
The internal senses are, 1. the Imagination, ſ bad work.
to apprehend a thing. 2. Judgment, to judge 3. The distilled water of any herb you
of it. 3. Memory, to remember it.
would take for a disease, is a fit mixture
The seat of all these is in the brain. for the syrup of the same herb, or to make
The vital spirits proceed from the heart, șany electuary into a drink, if you affect
and cause in man mirth, joy, hope, trust, such liquid medicines best; if you have not
humanity, mildness, courage, fc. and their the distilled water, make use of the decoc-
opposite : viz. sadness, fear, care, sorrow, tion.
despair, envy, hatred, stubbornness, revenge, fc. 4. Diseases that lie in the parts of the
by heat natural or not natural.
body remote from the stomach and bowels,
The natural spirit nourishes the body { it is in vain to think to carry away the cause
throughout (as the vital quickens it, and the at once, and therefore you had best do it by
animal gives it sense and motion) its office degrees; pills, and such like medicines which
is to alter or concoct food into chile, chile are hard in the body, are fittest for such a
into blood, blood into flesh, to form, engen- business, because they are longest before
der, nourish, and increase the body. they digest.
7. Infusion, is to steep a gross body into 5. Use no strong medicines, if weak will
one more liquid.
serve the turn, you had better take one too
8. Decoction, is the liquor in which any weak by half, than too strong in the least.
thing is boiled.
6. Consider the natural temper of the part
As for the manner of using or ordering of the body afflicted, and maintain it in that,
the body after any sweating, or purging else you extinguish nature, as the heart is
medicines, or pills, or the like, they will be hot, the brain cold, or at least the coldest
found in different parts of the work, as also part of the body.
7. Observe this general rule; That such
The different forms of making up medi-{medicines as are hot in the first degree are
cines, as some into syrups, others into elec- most habitual to our bodies, because they
tuaries, pills, troches, &c. was partly to are just of the heat of our blood.
please the different palates of people, that 8. All opening medicines, and such as
in the next page.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED:
217
provoke urine or the menses, or break the electuaries, as also all pills that have neither
stone, may most conveniently be given in Diagrydium nor Colocynthus, in them. But
white wine, because white wine of itself is all violent purges require a due ordering of
of an opening nature, and cleanses the the body; such ought to be taken in the
reins.
morning after you are up, and not to sleep
9. Let all such medicines as are taken after them before they are done working, at
to stop fluxes or looseness, be taken before least before night: two hours after you have
meat,' about an hour before, more or less, taken them, drink a draught of warm posset-
that so they may strengthen the digestion drink, or broth, and six hours after eat a
and retentive faculty, before the food come bit of mutton, often walking about the
into the stomach, but such as are subject to chamber; let there be a good fire in the
vomit up their meat, let them take such chamber, and stir not out of the chamber
medicines as stay vomiting presently after till the purge have done working, or not till
meat, at the conclusion of their meals, that next day.
so they may close up the mouth of the Lastly, Take sweating medicines when
stomach; and that is the reason why usually you are in bed, covered warm, and in the
men eat a bit of cheese after meat, because time of your sweating drink posset-drink as
by its sourness and binding it closes the hot as you can. If you sweat for a fever, boil
mouth of the stomach, thereby staying sorrel and red sage in your posset-drink,
belching and vomiting.
sweat an hour or longer if your strength will
10. In taking purges be very careful, and permit, then the chamber being kept very
that
you may be so, observe these rules. warm) shift yourself all but your head, about
(1.) Consider what the humour offending which (the cap which you sweat in being
is, and let the medicine be such as purges i still kept on) wrap a napkin very hot, to
that humour, else you will weaken nature, repel the vapours back.
not the disease.
I confess these, or many of these direc-
(2.) Take notice, if the humour you would tions may be found in one place of the
purge out be thin, then gentle medicines will book or other, and I delight as little to write
serve the turn, but if it be tough and viscous, tautology as another, but considering it
then such medicines as are cutting and might make for the public good, I inserted
opening, the night before you would take them in this place : if
, notwithstanding, any
will be so mad as to do themselves a misa..
(3.) In purging tough humours, forbear as chief, the fault is not mine
much as may be such medicines as leave a
binding quality behind them.
(4.) Have a care of taking purges when
your body is astringent; your best way, is
ROOTS.
first to open it by a clyster.
(5.) In taking opening medicines, youți. Acanths, Brancæ Ursine. Of bearsbreech,
may safely take them at night, eating but or brankursine, it is meanly hot and dry,
a little supper three or four hours before, helps aches and numness of the joints, and is
and the next morning drinking a draught of of a binding quality, good for wounds and
warm posset-drink, and you need not fear broken bones. Dioscorides saith, they are
to go about your business. In this manner profitable for ruptures, or such as are
you may take Lenitive Electuary, Diacatho- bursten, or burnt with fire, a dram of the
licon, Pulp of Cassia, and the like gentle root in powder being taken in the morning
the purge.

218
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
expels wind.
fasting, in a decoction made with the same į vulsions; both of them resist poison. I
root and water.
never read any use of the climing birth-
Acori, Veri, Perigrini, vulgaris, &c. See { wort.
Calamus Aromaticus. I shall not speak con- Artanite, Cyclaminis, fc. Or Sowbread;
cerning the several sorts of it, one of which hot and dry in the third degree, a most
is Water-flag, or Flower-de-luce, which is į violent purge, dangerous ; outwardly ap-
hot and dry in the second degree, binds, įplied to the place, it profits much in the
strengthens, stops fluxes of the belly, and bitings of venomous beasts, also being hung
immoderate flowing of the menses, a dram about women in labour, it causes speedy
being taken in red wine every morning. deliverance. See the Herb.
Allium. Garlic. It is hot and dry in the Arundinis, Vallanorice, and Saccharine.
fourth degree, breeds corrupt blood, yet is į Of common reeds and sugar reeds. The
an enemy to all poisons, and such as are roots of common reeds applied to the place
bitten by cold venomous beasts, viz. Adders, draw out thorns, and ease sprains; the
Toads, Spiders, &c. it provokes urine, and ashes of them mixed with vinegar, take
scurf, or dandrif off from the head, and
Alcanne. Of privet. See the leaves. prevent the falling off of the hair, they are
Althæd. Of Marsh mallows, are meanly hot and dry in the second degree, according
hot, of a digesting, softening nature, ease {to Galen. I never read any virtue of the
pains, help bloody fluxes, the stone, and root of sugar cane,
gravel; being bruised and boiled in milk, Ari, fc. Of Cuckow-points, or Wake-
and the milk drank, is a good remedy for gri- Robin, hot and dry in the third degree,
pings of the belly, and the bloody flux. If I know no great good they do inwardly
a fever accompany the disease, boil a hand- } taken, unless to play the rogue withal, or
ful of common mallow leaves with a hand-make sport : outwardly applied, they take
ful of these roots.
off scurf, morphew, or freckles from the
Angelicæ. Of Angelica; is hot and dry face, clear the skin, and ease the pains
in the third degree, strengthens the heart, of the gout.
and is good against pestilence and poison, Asclepiadis, vincetoxici. Of Swallow-wort,
half a dram taken in the morning fasting hot and dry, good against poison, and
Anchusa. Of Alkanet; cold and dry, gripings of the belly, as also against the
binding, good for old ulcers.
bitings of mad dogs, taken inwardly.
Anthoræ. A foreign root, the counter- Asari. Of Asarabacca: the roots are
poison for Monkshood, it is an admirable { a safer purge than the leaves, and not so
remedy for the wind cholic, and resists violent, they purge by vomit, stool, and
poison.
urine; they are profitable for such as have
Apii
. Of smallage. See the barks.
agucs, dropsies, stoppings of the liver, or
Aristolochia. Of birthwort; of which are spleen, green sickness.
three sorts, long, round, and climing: All Asparagi. Of Asparagus, or sperage.
hot and dry in the third degree. The long, they are temperate in quality, opening,
being drank in wine, brings away both they provoke urine, and cleanse the reins
birth and after-birth, and whatsoever a care- and bladder, being boiled in white wine,
less midwife hath left behind. Dioscorides, and the wine drank.
Galen. The round, being drank with wine, Asphodeli, Hasta Reige fam. Of Kings
helps (besides the former) stuffings of the Spear, or Female Asphodel
. I know no
lungs, hardness of the spleen, ruptures, con- physical use of the roots ; probably there
-)

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
219
is, for I no not believe God created any in the first degree, cheers the heart, helps
thing of no use.
drooping spirits. Dioscorides.
Asphodeli, Albuci, muris. Of male Aspho- Bronie, 8c. Of Briony both white and
det. Hot and dry in the second degree, } black : they are both hot and dry, some
inwardly taken, they provoke vomit, urine, say in the third degree, and some say but
and the menses : outwardly used in oint- { in the first; they purge flegm and watery
ments, they cause hair to grow, cleanse {humours, but they trouble the stomach
ulcers, and take away morphew and freckles much, they are very good for dropsies ;
from the face.
the white is most in use, and is good for the
Bardanæ, fc. Of Bur, Clot-bur, or Bur- fits of the mother: both of them externally
dock, temperately hot and dry. Helps used, take away freckles, sunburning, and
such as spit blood and matter; bruised and morphew from the face, and cleanse filthy
mixed with salt and applied to the place, ulcers: It is but a churlish purge, but being
helps the bitings of mad dogs. It expels } let alone, can do no harm.
wind, eases pains of the teeth, strengthens Buglossi. Of_Bugloss : Its virtues are
the back, helps the running of the reins, the same with Borrage, and the roots of
and the whites, being taken inwardly. either seldom used. :) bo
Dioscorides, Apuleius.
Bulbus Vomitorius. A Vomiting Root:
Behen. alb. rub. Of Valerian, white and I never read of it elswhere by this general
red. Mesue, Serapio, and other Arabians, {name.
say they are hot and moist in the latter Calami Aromatici. Of Aromatical Reed,
end of the first, or beginning of the second or sweet garden flag: it provokes urine,
degree, and comfort the heart, stir up lust. strengthens the lungs, helps bruises, resists
The Grecians held them to be dry in the poison, &c. being taken inwardly in pow-
second degree, that they stop fluxes, and { der, the quantity of half a dram at a time.
provoke urine.
You may mix it with syrup of violets, if
Bellidis. Of Dasies. See the Leaves. your body be feverish.
Bete, nigre, albe, rubra. Of Beets, Capparum. Capper Roots. Are hot
black, white, and red; as for black Beets and dry in the second degree, cutting and
I have nothing to say, I doubt they are as cleansing: they provoke menses, help
rare as black swans. The red Beet root { malignant ulcers, ease the toothache, assuage
boiled and preserved in vinegar, makes a swelling, and help the rickets. See Oil of
fine, cool, pleasing, cleansing, digesting; Cappers.
See the leaves.
Cariophillatæ, fc. Of Avens, or Herb
Bistorte, &c. Of Bistort, or snakeweed, Bennet. The roots are dry, and something
cold and dry in the third degree, binding : hot, of a cleansing quality, they keep gar-
half a d:am at a time taken inwardly, re- ments from being moth-eaten. See the
sists pestilence and poison, helps ruptures leaves.
Hai to'la
and bruises, stays Auxes, vomiting, and Caulium. Of Colewort. I know nothing
immoderate flowing of the menses, helps in- the roots are good for, but only to bear the
flammations and soreness of the mouth, herbs and flowers. time
and fastens loose teeth, being bruised and Centrurii majoris. Of Centaury the
boiled in white wine, and the mouth washed} Greater. The roots help such as are bur-
sten, such as spit blood, shrinking of sinews,
Borraginis. Of Borrage, hot and moist shortness of wind, coughs, convulsions,
(21, 22.)
sauce.
with it.
3 L

220
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
cramps: half a dram in powder be- it opens obstructions of the liver, being
ing taken inwardly, either in muskadel, boiled in white wine, and the decoctions
or in a decoction of the same roots. drank; and if chewed in the mouth it helps
They are either not at all, or very scarce the tooth-ache. Celandine the lesser is
in England, our centaury is the small cen- that which usually we call Pilewort, which
tuary.
with us is hot in the first degree; the juice
Cepa. Of Onions. Are hot and dry of the root mixed with honey and snuffed
(according to Galen) in the fourth degree: up in the nose, purges the head, helps the
they cause dryness, and are extremely hurt- } hemorrhoids or piles being bathed with it,
ful for choleric people, they breed but little as also doth the root only carried about one:
nourishment, and that little is naught: they being made into an ointment, it helps the
are bad meat, yet good physic for phleg- king's evil or Scrophula.
matic people, they are opening, and pro- China, wonderfully extenuates and dries,
voke urine and the menses, if cold be the provokes sweat, resists putrefaction; it
cause obstructing: bruised and outwardly strengthens the liver, helps the dropsy and
applied, they cure the bitings of mad dogs, malignant ulcers, leprosy, itch, and vene-
roasted and applied, they help boils, and real, and is profitable in diseases coming of
aposthumes : raw, they take the fire out of fasting. It is commonly used in diet drinks
burnings, but ordinarily eaten, they cause { for the premises.
headache, spoil the sight, dull the senses, Cichorii. Of Succory; cool and dry in
and fill the body full of wind.
the second degree, strengthens the liver and
Chameleontis albi nigri, fc. Of Chame- veins, it opens obstructions, stoppings in the
leon, white and black. Tragus calls the liver and spleen, being boiled in white wine
carline thistle by the name of white chame- and the decoction drank.
'leon, the root whereof is hot in the second Colchici. Of Meadow Saffron. The
degree, and dry in the third, it provokes roots are held to be hurtful to the stomach,
sweat, kills worms, resists pestilence and therefore I let them alone.
poison; it is given with success in pestilen- Consolida, majoris, minoris. Consolida
tial fevers, helps the toothache by being Major, is that which we ordinarily call
chewed in the mouth, opens the stoppings Comfry, it is of a cold quality, yet pretty
of the liver and spleen, provokes urine, and temperate, so glutinous, that, according to
the menses : give but little of it at a time, Dioscorides, they will join meat together
by reason of its heat. As for the black } that is cut in sunder, if they be boiled with
chameleon, all physicians hold it to have it; it is excellent for all wounds, both in-
a kind of venomous quality, and unfit to be ternal and external, for spitting of blood,
used inwardly, Galen, Clusius, Nicander, ruptures or burstness, pains in the back, it
Dioscorides, and Ægineta. Outwardly in strengthens the reins, it stops the menses,
ointments, it is profitable for scabs, mor- and helps hemorrhoids. The way to use
phew, tetters, &c. and all things that need them is to boil them in water and drink the
cleansing
minor, is that we
Chelidonij majoris, minoris. Of celandine, call Self-heal, and the latins Prunella. See
the greater and lesser: The greater is that the herb.
which we usually call Celandine: the root Costi utriusque. Of Costus both sorts,
is hot and dry, cleansing and scouring, being roots coming from beyond sea, hot
proper for such as have the yellow jaundice, land dry, break wind, being boiled in oil,
decoction. Consolida minor,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
221
You may
it is held to help the gout by anointing the the pestilence: it helps the vertigo or
grieved place with it.
swimming of the head, is admirable against
Cucumeris a grestis. Of wild Cucumber the bitings of venomous beasts, and such as
roots; they purge flegm, and that with such {have taken too much opium, as also for
violence, that I would advise the country lethargies, the juice helps hot rheums in the
man that knows not how to correct them, to eyes ; a scruple of the root in powder is
let them alone.
enough to take at one time.
Cinare, fc. Of Artichokes. The roots Dracontii, Dracunculi. Divers authors
purge by urine, whereby the rank savour of attribute divers herbs to this name. It is
the body is much amended.
most probable that they mean dragons,
Cynoglossæ, &c. Of Hounds-tongue, the roots of which cleanse mightily, and
Cold and dry: being roasted and laid to take away proud, or dead flesh, the very
the fundament, helps the hemorrhoids, is smell of them is hurtful for pregnant women:
also good for burnings and scaldings. outwardly in ointments, they take away
Curcuma. Of Turmerick, hot in the scurf, morphew, and sun-burning ; I would
third degree, opens obstructions, is profita- not wish any, unless very well read in physic,
ble against the yellow jaundice, and cold {to take them inwardly. Matthiolus, Dios-
distem per of the liver and spleen, half a corides.
dram being taken at night going to bed in Ebuli. Of Dwarf Elder, Walwort, or
the pulp of a roasted apple, and if you add Danewort ; hot and dry in the third degree,
a little saffron to it, it will be the better by the roots are as excellent a purge for the
far.
dropsy as any under the sun.
Cyperiutriusque, longi, rotundi. Of Cyprus take a dram or two drams (if the patient be
Grass, or English Galanga, both sorts, long strong) in white wine at a time.
and round : is of a warm nature, provokes! Echij. Of Viper's Bugloss, or wild Bug-
urine, breaks the stone, provokes the menses; loss. This root is cold and dry, good for such
the ashes of them (being burnt) are used for as are bitten by venemous beasts, either being
ulcers in the mouth, cankers, &c.
boiled in wine and drank, or bruised and applied
Dauci. Of Carrots. Are moderately to the place : being boiled in wine and drank,
hot and moist, breed but little nourishment, it encreaseth milk in nurses.
and are windy.
Ellebori, Veratri, albi nigri. Of Helle-
Dentaria majoris, &c. Of Toothwort, bore white and black.
OF Toothwort, } bore white and black. The root of white Helle-
toothed violets, or corralwort: they are bore, or sneezewort, being grated and snuffed
drying, binding, and strengthening; are į up the nose, causeth sneezing ; kills rats and
good to ease pains in the sides and bowels ; mice being mixed with their meat.
also being boiled, the decoction is said to Black Hellebore, Bears-foot or Christmas
be good to wash green wounds and ulcers flower: both this and the former are hot and
with.
dry in the third degree. This is neither so
Dictiamni. Of Dịttany: is hot and dry { violent nor dangerous as the former.
in the third degree, hastens travail in Enula Campanæ Helenij
. Of Elecam-
women, provokes the menses. (See the pane. It is hot and dry in the third degree,
leaves.)
wholesome for the stomach, resists poison, helps
Doronici. Of Doronicum, a supposed old coughs, and sortness of breath, helps rup-
kind of Wolf's bane : It is hot and dry intures, and provokes lust ; in ointments, it is good
the third degree, strengthens the heart, is a against scabs and itch.
Pingvæ, &c. Of Endite, Garden Endive,

222
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CA
which is the root here specified, is held to be amorous diseases. You may take half a dran
somewhat colder, though not so dry and cleans- at a time. Matthiolus.
ing as that which is wild ; it cools hot stomachs, Gentiana. Of Gentian ; some call it Fel-
hot livers, amends the blood corrupted by heat, } wort, and Baldmoney. It is hot, cleansing,
and therefore is good in fevers, it cools the j and scouring, a notable counterpoison, it opens
reins, and therefore prevents the stone, it opens { obstructions, helps the biting of venemous beasts,
obstructions, and provokes urine: you may bruise and mad dogs, helps digestion, and cleanseth
the root, and boil it in white wine, 'tis very the body of raw humours ; the root is profitable
harmless.
for ruptures, or such as are bursten.
Eringij. Of Eringo or Sea-holly: the Glycyrrhize. Of Liquorice; the best
roots are moderately hot, something drying and that is grows in England: it is hot and moist
cleansing, bruised and applied to the place ;} in temperature, helps the roughness of the
they help the Scrophula, or disease in the windpipe, hoarsness, diseases in the kidneys and
throat called the King's Evil, they break the bladder, and ulcers in the bladder, it concocts
store, encrease seed, stir up lust, provoke the raw humours in the stomach, helps difficulty of
terms, fc.
breathing, is profitable for all salt humours;
Esulæ, majoris, minoris. Of Spurge the the root dried and beaten into powder, and the
greater and lesser, they are both (taken in- į powder put into the eye, is a special remedy
wardly) too violent for common use; outwardly for a pin and web.
in ointments they cleanse the skin, take away Gramminis. Of Grass, such as in London
sunburning
they call couch grass, and Squitch-grass ; in
Filicis, &c. Fearn, of which are two grand Sussex Dog-grass. It gallantly provokes
distinctions, viz. male and female. Both are } urine, and easeth the kidneys oppressed with
hot and dry, and good for the rickets in chil-gravel, gripings of the belly, and difficulty of
dren, and diseases of the spleen, but dangerous urine. Let such as are troubled with these
for pregnant women.
diseases, drink a draught of white wine, wherin
Filipendulæ. Of Dropwort. The roots }these roots (being bruised) have been boiled,
are hot and dry in the third degree, opening, for their morning's draught, bruised and ap-
cleansing, yet somewhat binding ; they provoke } plied to the place, they speedily help green
urine, ease pains in the bladder, and are a good wounds. Galen, Dioscorides.
preservative against the falling-sickness. Hermodactyli. Of Hermodactils. They
Foeniculi. Of Fennel. The root is hot are hot and dry, purge flegm, especially from
and dry, some say in the third degree, opening; the joints, therefore are good for gouts, and
it provokes urine, and menses, strengthens the other diseases in the joints. Their vices are
liver, and is good against the dropsy.
corrected with long pepper, ginger, cinnamon,
Fraxini. Of Ash-tree. I know no great or mastich. I would not have unskilful people
virtues in physic of the roots.
too busy with purges.
Galanga, majoris, minoris. Galanga, Hyacinthi. Of Jacinths. The roots are
commonly called Galingal, the greater and dry in the first degree, and cold in the second ,
lesser : They are hot and dry in the third } they stop looseness, bind the belly.
degree, and the lesser are accounted the hotter, Iridis, vulgaris, and Florentine, &c.
it strengthens the stomach exceedingly, and Orris, or Flower-de-luce, both that which
takes away the pains thereof coming of cold grows with us, and that which comes from
or wind; the smell of it strengthens the brain, Florence. They are hot and dry in the
it re ieves faint hearts, takes away windiness third degree, resist poison, help shortness
of the womb, heats the reins, and provokes of the breath, provoke the menses ; the

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
228
Root being green and bruised, takes away applied, it helps ulcers in the head, and
blackness and blueness of a stroke, being amends the ill colour of the face. 0
applied thereto.
Malvæ. Of Mallows. They are cool,
Imperitoria, fc. Of Master-wort. The ſand digesting, resist poison, and help cor-
root is hot and dry in the third degree; } rosions, or gnawing of the bowels, or any
mitigates the rigour of agues, helps dropsies, other part; as also ulcers in the bladder.
provokes sweat, breaks carbuncles, and See Marsh-mallows.
plague-sores, being applied to them; it is Mandragore. Of Mandrakes. A root
very profitable being given inwardly in dangerous for its coldness, being cold in the
bruises.
fourth degree: the root is dangerous.
Isotidis, Glasti. Of Woad. I know no Mechoachane. Of Mechoacah. It is
great physical virtue in the root. See the corrected with Cinnamon, is temperate yet
Herb.
drying, purges flegm chiefly from the head
Labri Veneris, Dipsaci. Fullers-Thistle, and joints, it is good for old diseases in the
Teazle. The root being boiled in wine till head, and may safely be given even to fe-
it be thick (quoth Dioscorides) helps by verish bodies, because of its temperature: it
unction the clefts of the fundament, as also is also profitable against coughs and pains in
takes away warts and wens. Galen saith, ļ thereins; as also againstvenereal complaints ;
they are dry in the second degree: and the strong may take a dram at a time. Door
I take it all Authors hold them to be cold Mei, fc. Spignel. The roots are hot
and dry. Unslacked lime beaten into pow- į and dry in the second or third degree, and
der, and mixed with black soap, takes send up unwholesome vapours to the head.
away a wen being anointed with it.
Mezerei, fc. Of Spurge, Olive, or Widow-
Lactucæ. Of Lettice. I know no phy- wail. See the Herb, if you think it worth
sical virtue residing in the roots.
the seeing
Lauri. Of the Bay-tree. The Bark of Merorum Celci. Of Mulberry Tree. The
the root drunk with wine, provokes urine, bark of the root is bitter, hot and dry, opens
breaks the stone, opens obstructions of the stoppings of the liver and spleen, purges
liver and spleen. But according to Dios- the belly, and kills worms, boiled in vine-
corides is naught for pregnant women. gar, helps the tooth-ache.
Galen.
Morsus Diaboli, Succisæ, fc. Devil's-bit.
Lapathi acuti, Oxylapathi. Sorrel, accord- See the herb.
ing to Galen; but Sharp-pointed Dock, Norpi Spicæ, Indicæ, Celtica, fc. Of
according to Dioscorides. The roots of Spikenard, Indian, and Cheltic. Cheltic
Sorrel are held to be profitable against the Nard wonderfully provokes urine. They
jaundice. Of Sharp-pointed Dock; cleanse, į are both hot and dry. The Indian, also
and help scabs and itch.
provokes urine, and stops fluxes, helps win-
Levistici. Of Lovage. They are hot and diness of the stomach, resists the pestilence,
dry, and good for any diseases coming of helps gnawing pains of the stomach; and
dries up rheums that molest the head. The
Lillij albi. Of white Lillies. The root Celtic Spikenard performs the same offices,
is something hot and dry, helps burnings, though in a weaker measure.
softens the womb, provokes the menses, if Nenupharis, Nymphe. Of Water-lilies.
boiled in wine, is given with good success They are cold and dry, and stop lust :
in rotten Fevers, Pestilences, and all dis- I never dived so deep to find what virtue
eases that require suppuration: outwardly the roots have.de
wind.
(23, 24.)
3 M

224
AS THE COMPLETE HERBAJ
Ononidis, Arresta Bovis, fc. Of Cam- speedy deliverance to women in travail, and
mock, or Rest-harrow, so called because it į brings away the placenta.
makes oxen stand still when they are plough- Pæonice, maris, foemellæ. Of Peony male
ing. The roots are hot and dry in the third { and female. They are meanly hot, but more
degree; it breaks the stone (viz. the bark { drying. The root helps women not sufficiently
of it.) The root itself, according to Pliny, purged after travail, it provokes the menses, and
helps the falling-sickness; according to helps pains in the belly, as also in the reins and
Matthiolus, helps ruptures: you may take bladder, falling sickness, urd convulsions in
half a dram at a time.
children, being either taken inwardly, or hung
Ostrutij. Masterwort, given once before { about their necks. You may take half a dram
under the name of Imperitoria. But I have at a time, and less for children.
something else to do than to write one Phu, Valerina, majoris, minoris. Vale-
thing twice as they did.
rian, or Setwal, greater and lesser. They are
Pastinatæ, Sative, and silvestris. Garden temperately hot, the greater provokes urine and
and Wild Parsnips. They are of a tem- the menses, helps the stranguary, stays rheums
perate quality, inclining something to heat: } in the head, and takes away the pricking pains
The Garden Parsnips provoke lust, and thereof. The lesser resist poison, assuages the
nourish as much and more too, than any | swelling of the testicles, coming either through
root ordinarily eaten : the wild are more wind or cold, helps cold taken after sweating or
physical, being cutting, cleansing, and į labour, wind cholic: outwardly it draws out
opening: they resist the bitings of veno- i thorns, and cures both wounds and ulcers.
mous beasts, ease pains and stitches in the Pimpinellæ, &c. Of Burnet. It doth
sides, and are a sovereign remedy against this good, to bring forth a gallant physical
the wind cholic.
herb.
Pentafylli. Of Cinqfyl, commonly called Plantaginis. . Of Plantane. The root is
Five-leaved, or Five-finger'd grass: the root į something dryer than the leaf, but not so cold,
is very drying, but moderately hot: It is it opens stoppages of the liver, helps the jaun-
admirable against all fluxes, and stops dice, and ulcers of the reins and bladder. A
blood flowing from any part of the body: } little bit of the root being eaten, instantly stays
it helps infirmities of the liver and lungs, pains in the head, even to admiration.
helps putrified ulcers of the mouth, the root Polypodij. Of Polypodium, or Fern of
boiled in vinegar is good against the į the Oak. It is a gallant though gentle
shingles, and appeases the rage of any purger of melancholy; Also in the opinion
fretting sores. You may safely take half of Mesue (as famous a physician as ever
a dram at a time in any convenient liquor. I read for a Galenist,) it dries up super-
Petacite. Of Butter-bur. The roots are fluous humours, takes away swellings from
hot and dry in the second degree, they are the hands, feet, knees, and joints, stitches
exceeding good in violent and pestilential and pains in the sides, infirmities of the
fevers, they provoke the menses, expel poi- spleen, rickets ; correct it with a few Annis
son, and kill worms.
seeds, or Fennel seeds, or a little ginger,
Peucedani, Fæniculi porcini. Of Sulphur- }and then the stomach will not loath it.
wort, Hogs-fennel, or Hore-strange. It is Your best way of taking it, is to bruise it
very good applied to the navels of children } well, and boil it in white wine till half be
that stick out, and ruptures : held in the consumed, you may put in much, or little,
mouth, it is a present remedy for the fits of} according to the strength of the diseased, it
the mother: being taken inwardly, it gives works very safely.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
225
Poligonati, sigilli Solomonis, 8c. Of Solo, ing takes away the virtue of it, and there-
mon's Seal. Stamped and boiled in wine it } fore it is best given by infusion only; If
speedily helps (being drank) all broken bones, your body be any thing strong, you may
and is of incredible virtue that way; as also take two drams of it at a tirne being sliced
being stamped and applied to the place, it {thin and steeped all night in white wine, in
soon heals all wounds, and quickly takes away the morning strain it out and drink the
the black and blue marks of blows, being white wine; it purges but gently, it leaves
bruised and applied to the place, and for a binding quality behind it, therefore dried
these, I am persuaded there is not a better a little by the fire and beaten into powder,
medicine under the sun.
fit is usually given in fluxes.
Porri. Of Leeks. They say they are Rhaphani, Domestice and Sylvestris. Of
hot and dry in the fourth degree; they Raddishes, garden and wild. Garden
breed ill-favoured nourishinent at the best, į Raddishes provoke urine, break the stone,
they spoil the eyes, heat the body, cause and purge by urine exceedingly, yet breed
troublesome sleep, and are noisome to the į very bad blood, are offensive to the stomach,
stomach: yet are they good for something and hard of digestion, hot and dry in
else, for the juice of them dropped into quality. Wild, or Horse Raddishes, such
the ears takes away the noise of them, mixed as grow in ditches, are hotter and drier
with a little vinegar and snuffed up the than the former, and more effectual.
nose, it stays the bleeding of it, they are Rhodie Rad. Rose Root. Stamped and
better of the two boiled than raw, but applied to the head it mitigates the pains
both ways exceedingly hurtful for ulcers in thereof, being somewhat cool in quality.
the bladder: and so are onions and garlic. Rhabarbari Monachorum. Monks Rhu-
Prunellorum Silvestrium. Of Sloe-bush, barb, or Bastard-Rhubarb, it also purges,
or Sloe-tree. I think the college set this and cleanses the blood, and opens obstruc-
amongst the roots only for fashion sake, tions of the liver.
and I did it because they did.
Rubice tinctorum. Of Madder. It is
Pyrethri Salivaris, fc. Pelitory of Spain. both drying and binding, yet not without
It is hot and dry in the fourth degree, some opening quality, for it helps the yel-
chewed in the mouth, it draws away rheum low jaundice, and therefore opens obstruc-
in the tooth-ache ; bruised and boiled in tions of the liver and gall; it is given with
oil, it provokes sweat by unction; inwardly good success, to such as have had bruises
taken, they say it helps palsies and other by falls, stops looseness, the hemorrhoids,
cold effects in the brain and nerves.
and the menses.
Rhapontici. Rhupontick, or Rhubarb Rusci. Of Knee-holly or Butchers-
of Pontus. It takes away windiness and broom, or Bruscus. They are meanly hot
weakness of the stomach, sighings, sobbings, and dry, provoke urine, break the stone,
spittings of blood, diseases of the liver and and help such as cannot evacuate urine
spleen, rickets, &c. if you take a dram at freely. Use them like grass roots.
a time it will purge a little, but bind much, Sambuci. Of Elder. I know no wonders
and therefore fit for foul bodies that have the root will do.
fluxes.
Sarse-Pariglia. Of Sarsa-Parilla, or
Rhabarbari. Of Rhubarb. It gently {Bind-weed; somewhat hot and dry, helpful
purges choler from the stomach and liver, against pains in the head, and joints; they
opens stoppings, withstands the dropsy, {provoke sweat, and are used familiarly in
Hypocondriac Melancholly; a little boil drying diet drinks.

226
TO THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Satyrij utriusque. Of Satyrion, each sort. į called our Ladies-thistles by that name;
They are hot and moist in temper, provoke the roots of which are drying and bind-
venery, and increase seed; each branching, stop fluxes, bleeding, take away
bears two roots, both spongy, yet the one cold swellings, and ease the pains of the
more solid than the other, which is of most } teeth.
virtue, and indeed only to be used, for some Spatulæ fætide. Stinking Gladon, a kind
say the most spongy root is quite contrary of Flower-de-luce, called so for its unsavory
in operation to the other, as the one in- } smell. It is hot and dry in the third
creaseth, the other decreaseth.
degree; outwardly they help the king's evil,
Saxifragie alba. Of white Saxifrage, in soften hard swellings, draw out broken
Sussex we call them, Lady-smocks. The bones : inwardly taken, they help convul-
roots powerfully break the stone, expel sions, ruptures, bruises, infirmities of the
wind, provoke urine, and cleanse the reins. lungs.
Sanguisorba. A kind of Burnet.
Tamarisci. Of Tamaris. See the herbs,
Scabiosa. Of Scabious. The roots either and barks.
boiled, or beaten into powder, and so taken, Tanaceti. Of Tansie. The root eaten,
help such as are extremely troubled with is a singular remedy for the gout: the rich
scabs and itch, are medicinal in the french may bestow the cost to preserve it.
disease, hard swellings, inward wounds, Thapsi, fc. A venomous foreign root:
being of a drying, cleansing, and healing therefore no more of it.
faculty.
Tormentillæ. Of Tormentil. A kind of
Scordij
. Of Scordium, or Water-Ger- Sinqfoil; dry in the third degree, but mode-
mander. See the herb.
rately hot; good in pestilences, provokes
Scille. Of Squills. See vinegar, and sweat, stays vomiting, cheers the heart, ex-
wine of Squills, in the compound. pels poison.
Scropularia, fc. Of Figwort. The roots Trifolij. Of Trefoil.
Of Trefoil. See the herb.
being of the same virtue with the herb, Tribuli Aquatici. Of Water Caltrops.
I refer you thither.
The roots lie too far under water for me to
Scorzonere. Of Vipers grass.
Of Vipers grass. The root reach to.
cheers the heart, and strengthens the vital Trachellij. Of Throat-wort: by some
spirits, resists poison, helps passions and called Canterbury Bells: by some Coventry
tremblings of the heart, faintness, sadness, Bells. They help diseases and ulcers in
and melancholy, opens stoppings of the the throat.
liver and spleen, provokes the menses, ease Trinitatis herbe. Hearts-ease, or Pansies,
women of the fits of the mother, and helps I know no great virtue they have.
swimmings in the head.
Tunicis. I shall tell you the virtue when
Seseleos. Of Seseli, or Hartwort. The I know what it is.
roots provoke urine, and help the falling- Tripolij. The root purges flegm, expels
sickness.
poison.
Sisari, secacul. Of Scirrets. They are Turbith. The root purges flegm, (being
hot and moist, of good nourishment, some- hot in the third degree) chiefly from the
thing windy, as all roots are; by reason of į exterior parts of the body: it is corrected
which, they provoke venery, they stir up { with ginger, or Mastich. Let not the vulgar
appetite, and provoke urine.
be too busy with it.
Sconchi. Of Sow-thistles. See the herb. Tuburnum. . Or Toad-stools. Whether
Spina alba, Bedeguar. The Arabians i these be roots or no, it matters not much

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED
227
or iny part I know but little need of them, Avellanarum. Of Hazel The rind of
ither in food or physic.
the tree provokes urine, breaks the stone;
Victorialis. A foreign kind of Garlick. {the husks and shells of the nuts, dried and
"They say, being hung about the neck of} given in powder, stay the immoderate flux
cattle that are blind suddenly, it helps them;} of the menses.
and defends those that bear it, from evil Aurantiorum. Of Oranges. Both these,
spirits.
and also Lemons and Citrons, are of dif-
Swallow-wort, and teazles were handled | ferent qualities: the outward bark, viz. what
before.
looks red, is hot and dry, the white is cold
Ulmarie, Reginæ, prati, fc. Mead-sweet. } and moist, the juice colder than it, tlie seeds
Cold and dry, binding, stops fluxes, and hot and dry; the outward bark is that
the immoderate flowing of the menses: you which here I am to speak to, it is somewhat
may take a dram at a time.
hotter than either that of Lemons or
Urtice. Of Nettles. See the leaves. Citrons, therefore it warms a cold stomach
Zedoarie. Of Zedoary, or Setwall. This more, and expels wind better, but strengthens
and Zurumbet, according to Rhasis, and not the heart so much.
Mesue, are all one; Avicenna thinks them Berber, fc. Barberries. The Rind of
different: I hold with Mesue'; indeed they { the tree according to Clæsius, being steeped
differ in form, for the one is long, the other { in wine, and the wine drank, purges choler,
round ; they are both hot and dry in the and is a singular remedy for the yellow
second degree, expel wind, resist poison, jaundice. Boil it in white wine and drink
stop fluxes, and the menses, stay vomiting, it. See the directions at the beginning.
help the cholic, and kill worms; you may
Cassia Lignea, &c. It is something more
take half a dram at a time.
oily than Cinnamon, yet the virtues being
Zingiberis
. Of Ginger. Helps digestion, not much different, 1 refer you thither.
warms the stomach, clears the sight, and is Capparis Rad. Of Caper" roots. See
profitable for old men: heats the joints, and the roots.
therefore is profitable against the gout,
Castanearum. Of Chesnuts. The bark
expels wind; it is hot and dry in the second of the Chesnut tree is dry and binding,
degree.
and stops fluxes.
Cinnamonum. . Cinnamon, and Cassia
Lignea, are hot and dry in the second
degree, strengthens the stomach, help
BARK S.
digestion, cause a sweet breath, resist poi-
A Pil Rad. Of the roots of Smallage. son, provoke urine, and the menses, cause
Take notice here, that the Barks both of speedy delivery in women to travail, help
this root, as also of Parsley, Fennel, &c. coughs and defluxions of humours upon
is all of the root which is in use, neither the lungs, dropsy, and difficulty of urine.
can it properly be called bark, for it is all | In ointments it takes away red pimples, and
the root, the hard pith in the middle ex- {the like deformities from the face. There
cepted, which is always thrown away, when {is scarce a better remedy for women in
the roots are used. It is something hotter i labour, than a dram of Cinnamon newly
and drier than Parsley, and more medicinal; beaten into powder, and taken in white
it
opens stoppings, provokes urine, helps wine.
digestion, expels wind, and warms a cold Citrij.
Citrij
. Of Pome Citrons. The outward
stomach: use them like grass roots. pill, which I suppose is that which is meant
(23, 24.)
3 N

228
1
CAD. THE COMPLETE HERBAL
here: It strengthens the heart, resists poi-
Lauri. Of the Bay-tree. See the root.
son, amends a stinking breath, helps diges- Limonum. Of Lemons. The outward
tion, comforts a cold stomach.
peel is of the nature of Citron, but helps
Ebuli Rad. Of the roots of Dwarf-Elder, not so effectually ; however, let the poor
or Walwort. See the herbs.
country man that cannot get the other, use
Enula. Of Elecampane. See the roots. {this.
Esule Rad. See the roots.
Mandragora Rad. Be pleased to look
Fåbarum. Of Beans. Bean Cods (or back to the root.
Pods, as we in Sussex call them) being Myrobalanorum. Of Myrobalans. See
bruised, the ashes are a sovereign ren édy { the fruits.
for aches in the joints, old bruises, gouts, Macis. Of Mace. It is hot in the third
and sciaticas.
degree, strengthens the stomach and heart
Fæniculi Rad. Of Fennel roots. See exceedingly, and helps concoction.
the roots, and remember the observation Maceris, fc. It is held to be the inner
given in Smallaye at the beginning of the bark of Nutmeg-tree, helps fluxes and
barks.
spitting of blood
Fraxini Rad. Of the bark of Ash-tree Petroselini Rad. Of Parsley root: opens
roots. The bark of the tree, helps the rickets, obstructions, provokes urineand themenses,
is moderately hot and dry, stays vomiting ; warms a cold stomach, expels wind, and
being burnt, the ashes made into an oint- breaks the stone.
Use them as grass roots,
ment, helps leprosy and other deformity and take out the inner pith as you were
of the skin, eases pains of the spleen. You taught in smallage roots.
may lay the bark to steep in white wine for Prunelli Silvestris. Of Sloe-tree. I know
the rickets, and when it hath stood so for no use of it.
two or three days, let the diseased child Pinearum putaminae. Pine shucks, or
drink now and then a spoonful of it. husks. I suppose they mean of the cones
Granatorum. Of Pomegranates. The{that hold the seeds; both those and also the
rind cools, and forcibly binds, stays fluxes, bark of the tree, stop fluxes, and help the
and the menses, helps digestion, strengthens } lungs.
weak stomachs, fastens the teeth, and are Querci.
Querci. Of Oak-tree. Both the bark of
good for such whose gums waste. You the oak, and Acorn Cups are drying and
may take a dram of it at a time inwardly. {cold, binding, stop fluxes and the menses,
Pomegranate flowers are of the same virtue. șas also the running of the reins; have a
Gatrujaci. See the wood.
care how you use them before due purging.
Juglandium Virid. Of green Walnuts. Rhaphani. Of Radishes. I could never
As for the outward green bark of Walnuts, see any bark they had.
I
suppose the best time to take them is Suberis. Of Cork. It is good for some-
before the Walnuts be shelled at all, and thing else besides to stop bottles : being dry
then you may take nuts and all (if they may and binding, stanches blood, helps fluxes,
properly be called nuts at such a time) you especeially the ashes of it being burnt.
shall find them exceeding comfortable to Paulus.
the stomach, they resist poison, and are Sambuci, fc.
Of Elder roots and
a most excellent preservative against the branches; purges water, helps the dropsy.
plague, inferior to none: they are admira- Cort. Medius Tamaricis. The middle
ble for such as are troubled with consump- Bark of Tameris, eases the spleen, helps
tions of the lungs.
the rickets. Use them as Ash-tree bark.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
229
1
Tillim. Of Line-tree. Boiled, the water Rhodium. Encreases milk in nurses.
helps burnings.
Santalum,album, Rubrum, citrinum. White,
Thuris. Of Frankinsenses. I must plead {red, and yellow Sanders: They are all cold
Ignor amus.
and dry in the second or third degree: the
Ulmi. Of Elm. Moderately hot and {red stops defluxions from any party and
cleansing, good for wounds, burns, and helps inflanımations: the white and yellow
broken bones, viz. boiled in water and the (of which the yellow is best) cool the heat
grieved place bathed with it.
of fevers, strengthen the heart, and cause
cheerfulness.
Sassafras. Is hot and dry in the second
WOODS AND THEIR CHIPS, OR degree, it opens obstructions or stoppings
,
it strengthens the breast exceedingly; if it
RASPINGS.
be weakened through cold, it breaks the
A Gallochus, Lignum Aloes. Wood of stone, stays vomiting, provokes urine, and
Aloes ; is moderately hot and dry: a good is very profitable in the venereal, used in
cordial: 'a rich perfuine, a great strengthenerdiet drinks.
to the stomach.
Tamaris.
Is profitable for the rickets,
Aspalathus. Rose-wood. It is moderately žand burnings.
hot and dry, stops looseness, provokes Xylobalsamum. Wood of the Balsam
urine, and is excellent to cleanse filthy tree, it is hot and dry in the second degree,
ulcers.
according to Galen. I never read any great
Bresilium. Brasil. All the use I know } virtues of it.
of it is, to die cloth, and leather, and
make red ink.
Buxus. Box. Many Physicians have
HERBS AND THEIR LEAVES.
written of it, but no physical virtue of it.
Cypressus. Cypress. The Wood laid A Brotanum, mas, foemina. Southern-
amongst cloaths, secures them from moths. wood, male and female. It is hot and dry
See the leaves.
in the third degree, resists poison, kills
Ebenum. Ebony. It is held to clear the worms; outwardly in plaisters, it dissolves
sight, being either boiled in wine, or burnt{cold swellings, and helps 'the bitings of
to ashes.
venomous beasts, makes hair grow: take
Guajacum, Lignum vita Dries, attenu- not above half a dram at a time in powder.
ates, causes sweat, resists putrefaction, is Absinthium, &c. Wormwood. Its several
good for the French disease, as also for sorts, are all hot and dry in the second or
ulcers, scabs, and leprosy: it is used in diet third degrees, the common Wormwood is
drinks.
thought to be hottest, they all help weak-
Juniperus. Juniper. The smoak of the ness of the stomach, cleanse choler, kill
wood, drives away serpents; the ashes of worms, open stoppings, help surfeits, clear
it made into lie, cures itch, and scabs. the sight, resist poison, cleanse the blood,
Nephriticum. It is a light wood and } and secure cloaths from moths.
comes from Hispaniola ; being steeped in Abugilissa, fc. Alkanet. The leaves are
water, will soon turn it blue, it is hot and something drying and binding, but inferior
dry in the first degree, and so used as be- } in virtue to the roots, to which I refer
fore, is an admirable remedy for the stone, you.
and for obstructions of the liver and spleen. Acetosa. Sorrel. Is moderately cold

230
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
or
dry and binding, cuts tough humours, cools held to be more cordial; cools the blood,
the brain, liver and stomach, cools the helps ulcers in the mouth ; hot defluxions
blood in fevers, and provokes appetite. upon the lungs, wounds, ulcers, &c. ped
Acanthus.
Bears-breech, Branks Alcea. Vervain-Mallow. The root helps
ursine, is temperate, something moist. See fluxes and burstness. Ætius, Dioscorides. *o
the root.
Allium. Garlick. Hot and dry in the
Adiantum, Album, nigrum. Maiden hair, fourth degree, troublesome to the stomach;
white and black. They are temperate, yet it dulls the sight, spoils a clear skin, resists
drying. White Maiden hair is that we poison, eases the pains of the teeth, helps
usually call Wall-rue; they both open ob- the bitings of mad dogs, and venomous
structions, cleanse the breast and lungs of beasts, helps ulcers, leprosies, provokes
gross slimy humours, provoke urine, help urine, is exceedingly opening, and profita-
ruptures and shortness of wind.
ble for dropsies.
chororla anche
Adiantum Aurcum Politrycum. Golden Althed, 8c. Marsh-Mallows. Are mode-
Maiden-hair. Its temperature and virtues { rately hotand drier than other Mallows; they
are the same with the former ; helps the help digestion, and mitigate pain, ease the
spleen; burned, and lye made with the pains of the stone, and in the sides. Use
ashes, keeps the hair from falling off the them as you were taught in the roots, whose
head.
DO virtues they have, and both together will
Agrimonia Agrimony. Galen's Eupa- do better. Qemot be
GET
torium. It is hot and dry in the first degree, Alsine. Chickweed. Is cold and moist
binding, it amends the infirmities of the without any binding, assuages swelling,
liver, helps such as evacuate blood instead į and comforts the sinews much; therefore it
of water, helps inward wounds, opens is good for such as are shrunk up; it dis-
obstructions. Outwardly applied it helps solves aposthumes, hard swellings, and
old sores, ulcers, &c. Inwardly, it helps į helps mange in the hands and legs, out-
the jaundice and the spleen. Take a dramwardly applied in a pultis. Galen.dboru
of this or that following, inwardly in white Alchymilla. Ladies-Mantle. Is hot and
wine, or boil the herb in white wine, and dry, some say in the second degree, some
drink the decoction. Galen, Pliny, Diosco-say in the third: outwardly it helps wounds,
rides, Serapio.
reduces women's breasts that hang down:
Ageretum. Hot and dry in the second de-{inwardly, helps bruises, and ruptures, stays
gree, provokes urine and the menses, dries vomiting, and the Fluor Albus, and is very
the brain, opens stoppings, helps the green profitable for such women as are subject to
sickness, and profits such as have a cold, miscarry through cold and moisture.
weak liver ; outwardly applied, it takes Alkarna. Privet hath a binding quality,
away the hardness of the matrix, and fills { helps ulcers in the mouth, is good against
hollow ulcers with flesh.
burnings and scaldings, cherishes the nerves
Agnus Castus, fc. Chast-tree. The leaves and sinews; boil it in white wine to wash
are hot and dry in the third degree; expel the mouth, and in hog's grease for burnings
wind, consume the seed, cause chastity and scaldings.
being only borne about one; it dissolves Amaracus, Majorana. Marjoram. Some
swellings of the testicles, being applied to say 'tis hot and dry in the second degree,
them, head-ache, and lethargy.
some advance it to the third. Sweet Mar-
Allajula, Lujula, fc. Wood Sorrel. Itjoram, is an excellent eemedy for cold dis-
is of the temperature of other Sorrel, and eases in the brain, being only smelled to
1

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
231
helps such as are given to much sighing, Aquilegia. Columbines: help sore throats,
easeth pains in the belly, provokes urine, ſare of a drying, binding quality.
being taken inwardly: you may take a dram Argentina. Silver-weed, or Wild Tansy;
of it at a time in powder. Outwardly in cold and dry almost in the third degree;
oils or salves, it helps sinews that are shrunk;{stops lasks, fluxes, and the menses, good
limbs out of joint, all aches and swellings against ulcers, the stone, and inward wounds:
coming of a cold cause.
easeth gripings in the belly, fastens loose
Angelica. Is hot and dry in the third de- {teeth : outwardly it takes away freckles,
gree; opens, digests, makes thin, strengthens morphew, and sunburning, it takes away
the heart, helps fluxes, and loathsomeness inflammations, and bound to the wrists stops
of meat. It is an enemy to poison and pes- } the violence of the fits of the ague.
tilence, provokes menses, and brings away Artanita. Sow-bread: hot and dry in
the placanta. You may take a dram of itſ the third degree, it is a dangerous purge:
at a time in powder.
outwardly inointments it takes away freckles,
Anagallis, mas, femina. Pimpernel, male sunburning, and the marks which the small
and female. They are something hot and {pox leaves behind them: dangerous for
dry, and of such a drying quality that they pregnant women.
draw thorns and splinters out of the flesh, Aristolochia, longa, rotunda. Birth-wort
amend the sight, cleanse ulcers, help in- } long and round. See the roots.
firmities of the liver and reins. Galen. Artemisia. Mugwort: is hot and dry in
Anethum Dill. Is hot and dry in the the second degree: binding: an herb ap-
second degree. It stays vomiting, eases propriated to the female sex; it brings down
hiccoughs, assuages swellings, provokes the menses, brings away both birth and
urine, helps such as are troubled with placenta, eases pains in the matrix. You
fits of the mother, and digests raw humours. may take a dram at a time.
Apium. Smallage; So it is commonly
Asparagus. See the roots.
used; but indeed all Parsley is called by the Asarum, 8c. Asarabacca: hot and dry;
name of Apium, of which this is one kind. {provokes vomiting and urine, and are good
Itis something hotter and dryer than Parsley, for dropsies. They are corrected with mace
and more efficacious; it opens stoppings of or cinnamon.
the liver, and spleen, cleanses the blood, Atriplex, fc. Orach, or Arrach.
provokes the menses, helps a cold stomach cold in the first degree, and moist in the
to digest its meat, and is good against the second, saith Galen, and makes the belly
yellow jaundice. Both Smallageand Clevers, į soluble. It is an admirable remedy for the
may be well used in pottage in the morning fits of the mother, and other infirmities of
instead of herbs.
the matrix, and therefore the Latins called
Aparine. Goose-grass, or Clevers : Theyit Vulvaria.
are meanly hot and dry, cleansing, help Aricula muris, major. Mouse-ear: hot
the bitings of venomous beasts, keep men's and dry, of a binding quality, it is admira-
bodies from growing too fat, help the yel- }ble to heal wounds, inward or outward, as
low jaundice, stay bleeding, fluxes, and also ruptures or burstness: Edge-tools
help green wounds. Dioscorides, Pliny, quenched in the juice of it, will cut iron
Galen, Tragus.
without turning the edge, as easy as they
Aspergula odorata. Wood-roof: Cheers will lead : And, lastly, it helps the swelling
the heart, makes men merry, helps melan- of the spleen, coughs and consumptions, of
choly, and opens the stoppings of the liver, the lungs.
ut is
(23, 24.)
3 o

232
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CITA
Attractivis hirsuta. Wild Bastard-saffron, Betony: hot and dry in the second degree,
Distaff-thistle, or Spindle-thistle. Is dry and helps the falling sickness and all head-aches
moderately digesting, helps the biting of coming of cold, cleanses the breast and
venomous beasts: Mesue saith, it is hot in lungs, opens stoppings of the liver and
the first degree, and dry in the second, and spleen, as the rickets, &c. procures appetite,
cleanseth the breast and lungs of tough helps sour belchings, provokes urine, breaks
flegm. birga
Canto the stone, mitigates the pains of the reins
Balsamita, fc. Costmary, Alecost: See and bladder, helps cramps, and convul-
Maudlin. GOTb 511
liratsions, resists poison, helps the gout, such as
Barbajovis, sedum majus. Houseleek or evacuate blood, madness and head-ache;
Sengreen: cold in the third degree, pro- }kills worms, helps bruises, and cleanseth
fitable against the Shingles, and other hot women after labour: You may take a dram
creeping ulcers, inflaminations, St. Anthony's of it at a time in white wine, or any other
fire, frenzies; it cools and takes away corns convenient liquor proper against the disa
from the toes, being bathed with the juice ease you are afflicted with. vd diw b990
of it, and a skin of the leaf laid over the Betonica Pauli, &c. Paul's Betony, "OF
place; stops fluxes, helps scalding and Male Lluellin, to which add Elative, or
burning.
Saga Female Lluellin, which comes afterwards ;
Bardana. Clot-búr, or Bur-dock: tem- they are pretty temperate, stop defluxions
perately dry and wasting, something cool- of humours that fall from the head into the
ing; it is held to be good against the shrink- eyes, are profitable in wounds, help filthy
iņg of the sinews; cases pains in the bladder, foul eating cankers.
and provokes urine. Also Mizaldus saith, Betonica Coronaria, fc. Is Clove Gilli-
that a leaf applied to the top of the head of flowers. See the flowers.
a woman draws the matrix upwards, but Bellis. Dasies : are cold and moist in
applied to the soles of the feet draws it the second degree, they ease all pains and
downwards, and is therefore an admirable swellings coming of heat, in clysters they
remedy for suffocations, precipitations, and loose the belly; are profitable in fevers and
dislocations of the matrix, if a wise man inflammations of the testicles, they take
have but the using of it.
away bruises, and blackness and blueness;
Beta, alba, nigra, rubra. Beets, white, they are admirable in wounds and inflam-
black, and red; black Beets I have no {mations of the lungs or blood dopod
knowledge of. The white are something Blitum. Blites. Some say they are cold
colder and inoister than the red, both of and moist, others cold and dry: none
them loosen the belly, but have little or no mention any great virtues of them. Os
nourishment. The white provoke to stool, Borrago. Borrage: hot and moist, com-
and are more cleansing, open stoppings of forts the heart, cheers the spirits, drives
the liver and spleen, help the vertigo or away sadness and melancholy, they are
swimming in the head: The red stay fluxes, rather laxative than binding; help swooning
help the immoderate flowing of the menses, and heart-qualms, 'breed good blood, help
and are good in the yellow jaundice. se consumptions, madness, and such as are
Beuedicta Cariphyllura. Avens: hot and much weakened by sickness.
dry, help the cholic and rawness of the Bonus Henricus. Good Henry, or all
stomach, stitches in the sides, and take away good; hot and dry, cleansing and scouring;
clotted blood in any part of the body. bu inwardly taken it loosens the belly; out-
Betonica vulgaris. Common or Wood wardly it cleanseth old sores and ulcers.nl'

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
233
» Botrys. Oak of Jerusalem: hot and dry Calamintha, Montana, Palustris. Moun-
in the second degree, helps such as are short- tain and Water Calamint: For the Water
winded, cuts and wastes gross and tough { Calamint: see mints, than which it is ac
flegm, laid among cloaths they preserve { counted stronger. Mountain Calamint, is
them from moths, and give them a sweet hot and dry in the third degree, provokes
smello anitu zelo rona, gairtalas Tada aql urine and the menses, hastens the birth in
an Branca ursina. Bears-breech. shore women, brings away the placenta, helps
- Brionid, &c. Briony, white and black; cramps, convulsions, difficulty of breathing,
both are hot and dry in the third degree, kills worms, helps the dropsy: outwardly
purge violently, yet are held to be whole- used, it helps such as hold their necks on
some physic for such as have dropsies, one side: half a dram is enough at one time.
vertigo, or swimming in the head, falling- Galen, Dioscorides, Apuleius, enter alderd
sickness, &c. on Certainly it is a strong, Calendula. &c. Marigolds. The leaves
troublesome purge, therefore not to be tam- are hot in the second degree, and something
pered with by the unskilful, outwardly in moist, loosen the belly: the juice held in
ointments it takes away freckles, wrinkles, the mouth, helps the toothache, and takes
morphew, scars, spots, &c. from the face. away any inflammation or hot swelling
e Bursa pastoris. Shepherd's Purse, is being bathed with it, mixed with a little
manifestly cold and dry, though Lobel and vinegar. b. dos
Pena thought the contrary; it is binding Callitricum. Maiden-hair. See Adianthum.
and stops blood, the menses ; and cools in- ' Caprisolium. Honey-suckles: The leaves
flammations.
og ure are hot, and therefore naught for inflam-
*** Buglossom. Buglosse. Its virtues are {mations of the mouth and throat, for which
the same with Borragè. tadi bea
ị the ignorant people oftentime give them :
i Bugula. Bugle, or Middle Comfrey; is and Galen was true in this, let inodern
temperate for heat, but very drying, ex- writers write their pleasure. If you chew
cellent for falls or inward bruises, for it dis-} but a leaf of it in your mouth, experience
solves congealed blood, profitable for inward will tell you that it is likelier to cause,
wounds, helps the rickets and other stopp-than to cure a sore throat, they provoke
ings of the liver; outwardly it is of wonder- urine, and purge by urine, bring speedy
ful force in curing wounds and ulcers, delivery to women in travail, yet procure
though festered, as also gangreens and fis- barrenness and hinder conception, out-
tulas, it helps broken bones, and disloca- wardly they dry up foul ulcers, and cleanse
tions. Inwardly you may take it in powder the face from morphew, sun-burning and
a dram at a time, or drink the decoction freckles.
coacologie
of it in white-wine: being made into an Carduncellus, &c. Groundsell. Cold and
ointment with hóg's grease, you shall find moist according to Tragus, helps the cholic,
it admirable in green wounds.
and gripings in the belly, helps such as
Buphthalmum, &c. Ox eye. Matthiolus cannot make water, cleanses the reins,
saith they are commonly used for black purges choler and sharp humours: the
Hellebore, to the virtues of which I refer. usual way of taking it is to boil it in water
Buxus. Boxtree: the leaves are hot, dry, with currants, and so eat it. I hold it to be
and binding, they are profitable against the awholesomeand harmless purge. Outwardly
biting of mad dogs; both taken inwardly it easeth women's breasts that are swollen
boiled and applied to the place: besides and inflamed; as also inflammations of the
they are good to cure horses of the bots, joints, nerves, or sinews. Ægineta.com

234
СРАВЯА THE COMPLETE HERBAL ТиК
ONOU OS1
do Carduus B. Marie. Our Ladies Thistles. are drying and binding, help dimness of the
They are far more temperate than Carduus įsight: help the spleen, preserve fr
9 Benedictus, open obstructions of the liver, drunkenness, and help the evil effects of it:
help the jaundice and dropsy, provoke provoke the menses.
OWS, VTT50 Niw ouiliod
- urine, break the stone. cob, bromoto
Centaurium, majus, minus. Centaury the
hoe Carduus Benedictus. Blessed Thistle, but į greater and less. They say the greater
6 better known by the Latin name: it is hot į will do wonders in curing wounds : see
the
s and dry in the second degree, cleansing and root. The less is a present remedy for the
opening, helps swimming and giddiness in yellow jaundice, opens stoppings of the
the head, deafness, strengthens the memory, liver, gall, and spleen: purges choler, helps
du helps griping pains in the belly, kills worms, įgout, clears the sight, purgeth the stomach,
ti provokes sweat, expels poison, helps in- helps the dropsy and green sickness. It is
flammation of the liver, is very good in only the tops and flowers which are useful,
pestilence and venereal: outwardly applied, of which you may take a dram inwardly in
it ripens plague-sores, and helps hot swell- powder, or half a handful boiled in posset-
ings, the bitings of mad dogs ånd venomous drink at a time.
*
Hoc baibod
a beasts, and foul filthy ulcers. Every one Centinodium, &c. Knotgrass : cold in the
that can but make a Carduus posset, knows second degree, helps spitting and other
how to use it. Càmerarius, Arnuldus vel i evacuations of blood, stops the menses and
anovanus. hvioa
ovie
all other fluxes of blood, vomiting of blood,
Chalina. See the roots, under the name gonorrhæa, or running of the reins, weak-
of white Chameleon.
ness of the back and joints, inflammations
Corallina. A kind of Sea Moss: cold, of the privities, and such as make water by
b binding, drying, good for hot gouts, in- drops, and it is an excellent remedy for
flammations : also they say it kills worms, hogs that will not eat their meat. Your
and therefore by some is called Maw-worm- only way is to boil it, it is in its prime about
seed.
boog bobomijo od
the latter end of July, or beginning of
Cussutha, cascuta, potagralini. Dodder. August : at which time being gathered it
1- See Epithimum.
may be kept dry all the year. Brassavolus,
10 Caryophyllata. Avens, or Herb Bennet, Camerarius.
hot and dry: they help the cholic, rawness Caryfolium vulgare et Myrrhis. Common
b of the stomach, stitches in the sides, and great chervil: Take them both together,
9 stoppings of the liver, and bruises.
and they are temperately hot and dry, pro-
Cataputia minor. A kind of Spurge. See voke urine, stir up venery, comfort the
Tythymalus.
heart, and are good for old people; help
2 Cattaria, Nepeta. Nep, or Catmints. pleurises and pricking in the sides.
The virtues are the same with Calaminth. Capea, Anagallis aquatica. Brooklime,
bi Cauda Equina. Horse-tail; is of a bind- hot and dry, but not so hot and dry as
ing drying quality, cures wounds, and is an}:Water cresses; they help mangy horses :
de admirableremedy for sinews that are shrunk: see Water cresses.
it is a sure remedy for bleeding at the nose, Ceterach, sc. Spleenwort: moderately
-b or by wound, stops the menses, fluxes, hot, waste and consumes the spleen, inso-
51
ulcers in the reins and bladder, coughs, much that Vitruvius affirms he hath known
ulcers in the lungs, difficulty of breathing. Įhogs that have fed upon it, that have had
arh Caulis, Brassica hortensis, silvestris
. Cole (when they were killed) no spleens at all.
Bu wort, or Cabbages, garden and wild. They It is excellently good for melancholy people,
(

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
235
"
9
JOOM
22 STO
helps the stranguary, provokes urine, and Cinara, fic. Artichokes
. They provoke
breaks the stone in the bladder, boil it and venery, and purge by urine. Isto amo
drink the decoction; but because a little ev Cichorium. Succory, to which add Endive
boiling will carry away the strength of it in } which comes after. They are cold and dry
vapours, let it boil but very little, and let it in the second degree, cleansing and open-
1 stand close stopped till it be cold before ing; they cool the heats of the liver, and
you strain it out; this is the general rule are profitable in the yellow jaundice, and
for
all simples of this nature.
burning fevers ; help excoriations in the
sd Chamapitys. Ground-pine; hot in the privities, hot stomachs; and outwardly ap-
e second degree, and dry in the third, helps plied, help hot rheums in the eyes.dk at
the jaundice, sciatica, stopping of the liver, Cicuta.
Cicuta. Hemlock: cold in the fourth
and spleen, provokes the menses
, cleanses degree, poisonous : outwardly applied, it
the entrails, dissolves congealed blood, re- helps Priapismus, the shingles, St. Anthony's
sists poison, cures wounds and ulcers. fire, or any eating ulcers. butsaasisead
take a dram, and weak Clematis Daphnoides, Vinca provinca. Peri-
bodies half a dram of it in powder at a {winkle. Hot in the second degree, some-
s time..
{thing dry and binding; stops lasks, spitting
131 Chamamelum, sativum, sylvestre. Garden of blood, and the menses. A tudi
band Wild Chamomel. Garden Chamomel, Consolida major. Comfrey, I do not con-
is hot and dry in the first degree, and asceive the leaves to be so virtuous as the
gallant a medicine against the stone in the roots. 20000 DOST SMS
bladder as grows upon the earth, you may Consolida media. Bugles, of which before.
" take it inwardly, I mean the decoction of Consolida minima. Daises.
"Sit, being boiled in white wine, or inject the Consolida rubra. Golden Rod: hot and
juice of it into the bladder with a syringe. dry in the second degree, cleanses the reins,
It expels wind, helps belchings, and potent-provokes urine, brings away the gravel:
lý provokes the menses : used in baths, it į an admirable herb for wounded people to
helps pains in the sides, gripings and take inwardly, stops blood, &c. bites
gnawings in the belly.
Consolida Regalis
, Delphinium. Lark
Chamædris, fc. Germander: hot and heels: resist poison, help the bitings of
dry in the third degree; cuts and brings venomous beasts.
yubos por
away tough humours, opens stoppings of the Saracenica Solidago. Saracens Confound
liver and spleen, helps coughs and shortness, Helps inward wounds, sore mouths, sore
of breath, stranguary and stopping of urine, throats, wasting of the lungs, and liver.
and provokes the menses; half a dram is Coronepus. Buchorn Plantane, or Sea-
enough to take at a time.
plantain: cold and dry, helps the bitings
Chelidonium utrumque. Celandine both of venomous beasts, either taken inwardly,
sorts. Small Celandine is usually called or applied to the wound: helps the cholic,
Pilewort; it is something hotter and dryer breaks the stone. Ægineta.
than the former, it helps the hemorrhoids
Hath got many English
or piles, bruised and applied to the grief. names. Cottonweed, Cudweed, Chaffweed,
Celandine the greater is hot and dry (they and Petty Cotton. Of a drying and bind-
say in the third degree) any way used'; } ing nature; boiled in lye, it keeps the head
either the juice or made into an oil or oint- from nits and lice; being laid among
ment, it is a great preserver of the sight, clothes, it keeps them safe from moths,
and an excellent help for the eyes. kills worms, helps the bitings of venomous
(23, 24.)
Coronaria.
3 P

236
CIDA THE COMPLETE HERBAL OMA
و
beasts; taken in a tobacco-pipe, it helps it is to poison; it is an admirable remedy
coughs of the lungs, and vehement head-} against wounds and gunshot, wounds made
aches. 5921h jon ebavo bas anoisture with poisoned weapons, it draws out splin-b
Cruciata. Crosswort: (there is a kind ters, broken bones, &c. The dose from half :
of Gentian called also by this name, which {a dram to a dram. am oplovote moord
I pass by) is drying and binding, exceed- Dipsacus, sativ. sylv. s Teazles, garden
ing good for inward or outward wounds, and wild, the leaves bruised and applied to
either inwardly taken, or outwardly ap-} the temples, allay the heat in fevers, qualify
plied; and an excellent remedy for such the rage in frenzies; the juice dropped into
as are bursten. vodi: atre0736 bms eatabb }the ears, kills worms in them, dropped into
Crassula. Orpine. Very good : out- the eyes, clears the sight, helps redness ando
wardly used with vinegar, it clears the skin;{ pimples in the face, being anointed with it..
inwardly taken, it helps gnawings of the Ebulus. Dwarf Elder, or Walwort. Hot
stomach and bowels, ulcers in the lungs, and dry in the third degree; waste hard
bloody-flux, and quinsy in the throat, for swellings, being applied in form of a
which last disease it is inferior to none, poultice; the hair of the head anointed with
take not too much of it at a time, because { the juice of it turns it black; the leaves
of its coolness.report
2299bis being applied to the place, help inflamma-
+ Crithamus, &c. Sampire. Hot and dry, tions, burnings, scaldings, the bitings of
helps difficulty of urine, the yellow jaun-mad dogs; mingled with bulls suet is a pre-
dice, provokes the menses, helps digestion, sent remedy for the gout; inwardly taken,
opens stoppings of the liver and spleen. } is a singular purge for the dropsy and gout.
Galen.
Echium. Viper's-bugloss, Viper's-herb,
Cucumis Asininus. Wild Cucumbers. See Snake bugloss, Wal-bugloss, Wild-bugloss,
Elaterium. amor
several counties give it these several names :
Cyanus major, minor. Blue bottle, great It is a singular remedy being eaten, for the
and small, a fine cooling herb, helps, { biting of venomous beasts : continually
bruises, wounds, broken veins; the juice eating of it makes the body invincible against
dropped into the eye, helps the inflamma- the poison of serpents, toads, spiders, &c.
tions thereof.
however it be administered; it comforts the
Cygnoglossam. Hound's-Tongue, cold and { heart, expels sadness and melancholy. The
dry: applied to the fundament helps the rich may make the flowers into a conserve,
hemorrhoids, heals wounds and ulcers, and and the herb into a syrup, the poor may
is a present remedy against the bitings of į keep it dry; both may keep it as a jewel.
dogs, burnings and scaldings.
Empetron, Calorfragra, Herniaria, fc.
Cypressus, Chamæ Cyparissus. Cypress- Rupture-wort, or Burst-wort. The English
tree. The leaves are hot and binding, help name tells you it is good against ruptures,
ruptures, and Polypus or flesh growing on and so such as are bursten shall find it, if
the nose.
they please to make trial of it, either in-
Chamæ cyparissus. Is Lavender Cotton. wardly taken, or outwardly applied to the
Resists poison, and kills worms.
place, or both. Also the Latin names hold
Disetamnus Cretensis. Dictamny, or Dit- }it forth to be good against the stone, which
tany of Creet, hot and dry, brings away} whoso tries shall find true. OG DET
dead children, hastens delivery, brings away Enula Campana. Elicampane. Provokes
the placenta, the very smell of it drives i urine. See the root. ovog buwisord
away venomous beasts, so deadly an enemy i Epithimum. Dodder of Time, to which

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
237
add common Dodder, which is usually that Fragaria. Strawberry leaves, are cold, d
which grows upon flax: indeed every Dod- dry, and binding, a singular remedy for
der retains a virtue of that herb or plant inflammations and wounds, hot diseases in
it grows upon, as Dodder that grows upon the throat; they stop fluxes and the terms,
provokes urine forcibly, and cool the heat of the stomach, and the in-
loosens the belly, and is moister than that { flammations of the liver. The best way is
which grows upon flax: that which grows to boil them in barley water. i 10) boog sni
upon time, is hotter and dryer than that Fraxinus, &c. Ash-trees, the leaves are
which grows upon flax, even in the third moderately hot and dry, cure the bitings of
degree, opens obstructions, helps infirmities Adders, and Serpents; they stop looseness,
of the spleen, purgeth melancholy, relieves and stay vomiting, help the rickets, open
drooping spirits, helps the rickets : That stoppages of the liver and spleen. at ylbicky
which grows on flax, is excellent for agues Fumaria. Fumitory: cold and dry, it
in young children, strengthens weak opens and cleanses by urine, helps such as
stomachs, purgeth choler, provokes urine, are itchy, and scabbed, clears the skin,
opens stoppings in the reins and bladder. opens stoppings of the liver and spleen,
That which grows upon nettles, provokes helps rickets, hypochondriac melancholy,
urine exceedingly. The way of using it is madness, frenzies
, quartan agues, loosens
to boil it in white wine, or other convenient the belly, gently purgeth melancholy, and
decoction, and boil it very little. Ætias, addust choler: boil it in white wine, and
Mesue, Actuarius, Serapio, Avincena. non to take this one general rule. All things of a
Eruch. Rocket, , hot and dry in the cleansing or opening nature may be most com-
third degree, being eaten alone, causeth modiously boiled in white wine. Remember
head-ache, by its heat procures urine. Galen. I but this, and then I need not repeat it.
Eupatorium. See Ageratum.
Galega.
Goat's-rue: Temperate in
Euphragia. Eyebright is something hot quality, resists poison, kills worms, helps
and dry, the very sight of it refresheth the the falling-sickness, resists the pestilence,
eyes ; inwardly taken, it restores the sight, You may take a dram of it at a time in
and makes old men's eyes young, a dram powder.
tot baqdor
of it taken in the morning is worth a pair Galion. Ladies-bed straw: dry and bind-
of spectacles, it comforts and strengthens ing, stanches blood, boiled in oil
, the oil is
the memory, outwardly applied to the good to anoint a weary traveller; inwardly
place, it helps the eyes.
it provokes venery.
1911 brodošu
Filix foemina.
Gentiana. See the root of the ser
Filicula, polypidium. See the roots.
Genista. Brooms: hot and dry in the
Filipendula.
second degree, cleanse and open the stomach,
Malahathram. Indian-leaf, hot and dry break the stone in the reins and bladder,
in the second degree, comforts the stomach help the green sickness. Let such as are
exceedingly, helps digestion, provokes troubled with heart-qualms or faintings,
urine, helps inflammations of the eyes, forbear it, for it weakens the heart and
secures cloaths from moths.
spirit vital. See the flowers. tostogas
Feniculum. Fennel, encreaseth milk in Geranium. Cranebill, the divers sorts of
nurses, provokes urine, breaks the stone, it, one of which is that which is called
easeth pains in the reins, opens stoppings, Muscata ; it is thought to be cool and dry,
breaks wind, provokes the menses ; you helps hot swellings, and by its smell amends
may boil it in white wine.
¡a hot brain.buong
20.02 2500 FOTO OY YOUR

238
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Geranium Columbinum. Doves-foot; helps milk in nurses, and outwardly by ointment
the wind cholic, pains in the belly, stone in helps leprosies.
the reins and bladder, and is good in rup-
Herniaria. The same with Empetron.
tures, and inward wounds. I suppose these Helxine. Pellitory of the wall. Cold,
are the general virtues of them all. moist, cleansing, helps the stone and gravel
Gramen. Grass : See the root.
in the kidnies, difficulty of urine, sore
Gratiola. Hedge-Hyssop, purges water { throats, pains in the ears, the juice being
and flegm, but works very churlishly. dropped in them; outwardly it helps the
Gesner commends.it in dropsies.
shingles and St. Anthony's fire.
Asphodelus fæm. See the root.
Hyppoglossum. Horse-tongue, Tongue
Hepatica, Lichen. Liverwort, cold and blade or Double-Tongue: The roots help
dry, good for inflammations of the liver, the stranguary, provoke urine, ease the
or any other inflammations, yellow jaundice. hard labour of women, provoke the menses,
Hedera Arborea, Terrostris. Tree and the herb helps ruptures and the fits of the
Ground-Ivy. Tree-Ivy helps ulcers, burn- mother: it is hot in the second degree, dry
ings, scaldings, the bad effects of the spleen;{ in the first : boil it in white wine.
the juice snuffed up tlie nose, purges the Hyppolapathum. • Patience, or Monk's
head, it is admirable for surfeits or head- Rhubarb : see the Root.
ache, or any other ill effects coming of Hypposclinum. Alexanders, or Alisan-
drunkenness. Ground-Ivy is that which { ders : provoke urine, expel the placenta,
usually is called Alehoof, hot and dry, the help the stranguary, expel wind,
juice helps noise in the ears, fistula's, gouts, Sage either taken inwardly or beaten and
stoppings of the liver, it strengthens the applied plaister-wise to the matrix, draws
reins and stops the menses, helps the yellow forth both menses and placenta.
jaundice, and other diseases coming of Horminum. Clary: hot and dry in the
stoppings of the liver, and is excellent for third degree; helps the weakness in the
wounded people.
back, stops the running of the reins, and
Herba Camphorata. Stinking Ground- the Fluor Albus, provokes the menses, and
pine, is of a drying quality, and therefore { helps women that are barren through cold-
stops defluxions either in the eyes or upon ness or moisture, or both: causes fruitful-
the lungs, the gout, cramps, palsies, aches : ness, but is hurtful for the memory. The
strengthens the nerves.
usual way of taking it is to fry it with but-
IIerbu Paralysis, Primula veris. Prim- ter, or make a tansy with it.
roses, or Cowslips, which you will. The Hydropiper. Arsmart. Hot and dry,
'eaves help pains in the head and joints; consumes all cold swellings and blood con-
see the flowers which are most in use. gealed by bruises, and stripes; applied to
Herba Paris. Herb True-love, or One- the place, it helps that aposthume in the
berry. It is good for wounds, falls, bruises, joints, commonly called a felon: strewed
aposthumes, inflammations, ulcers in the { in a chamber, kills all the fleas there: this
privities. Herb True-love, is very cold in is hottest Arsmart, and is unfit to be given
temperature. You may take half a dram inwardly: there is a milder sort, called
of it at a time in powder.
Persicaria, which is of a cooler and milder
Herba Roberti. A kind of Cranebill. quality, drying, excellently good for putri
Herba venti, Anemone. Wind-flower. The {fied ulcers, kills worms: Ï had almost for-
juice snuffed up in the nose purgeth the got that the former is an admirable remedy
head, it cleanses filthy ulcers, encreases for the gout, being roasted between two

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
239
TOITTOTITOSTO busque,
tiles and applied to the grieved place, and as also inflammation and falling out of the
yet I had it from Dr. Butler too.
fundament.
1930 annisa Podobenino ads
Hysopus. i Hysop. Helps coughs, short- Iris. See the roots. Dobbeld basedon are
ness of breath, wheezing, distillations upon Isatis, Glastum. Woad. Drying and us
the lungs : it is of a cleansing quality: kills {binding; the side being bathed with it, it is
worms d in the body, amends the whole {easeth pains in the spleen, cleanseth filthy
colour of the body, helps the dropsy and corroding gnawing ulcers.
spleen, sore throats, and noise in the ears. Iva Arthritica. T'he same with Camæpytis.is
See Syrup of Hysop. H
Iuncus oderatus. The same with Schce-
Hyosciamus, fc. Henbane. The white {nanthus.
bloo
Henbane is held to be cold in the third Labrum veneris. The same with Dipsacus.
degree, the black or common Henbane and Lactuca. Lettice. Cold and moist, cools
the yellow, in the fourth. They stupify the inflammation of the stomach, commonly
the senses, and therefore not to be taken called heart-burning: provokes sleep, resists
inwardly, outwardly applied, they help į drunkenness, and takes away the ill effects,
inflammations, hot gouts : applied to the ofit; cools the blood, quenches thirst, breeds
temples they provoke sleep.
d milk, and is good for choleric bodies, and
Hypericon. St. John's Wort. It is as such as have a frenzy, or are frantic. It is
gallant a wound-herb as any is, either more wholesome eaten boiled than raw.
given inwardly, or outwardly applied to Logabus, Herba Leporina. A kind of
the wound: it is hot and dry, opens stopp- Trefoil growing in France and Spain. Let
ings, helps spitting and vomiting of blood, them-that live there look after the virtues
it cleanses the reins, provokes the menses, of it.
helps congealed blood in the stomach and Lavendula. Lavender: Hot and dry in
meseraic veins, the falling-sickness, palsy, the third degree: the temples and forehead
cramps and aches in the joints; you may bathed with the juice of it; as also the smell
give it in powder or any convenient decoc- of the herb helps swoonings, catalepsis,
tion. on an
falling-sickness, provided it be not accom-
Hypoglottis, Laurus, Alexandrina. Laurel panied with a fever. See the flowers. long
of Alexandria, provokes urine and the Laureola. Laurel.
The leaves purge
menses, and is held to be a singular help to upward and downward : they are good for
women in travail.
rheumatic people to chew in their mouths,
Hypoglossum, the same with Hypoglossum for they draw forth much water.
before, only different names given by dif- Laurus. Bay-tree. The leaves are hot
ferent authors, the one deriving his name and dry, resist drunkenness, they gently
from the tongue of a horse, of which form bind and help diseases in the bladder, help
the leaf is; the other the form of the little} the stinging of bees and wasps, mitigate
leaf, because small leaves like small tongues the pain of the stomach, dry and heal,
grow upon the greater.
open obstructions of the liver and spleen,
Iberis Cardamantice.
119
Sciatica - cresses. { resist the pestilence.
T
Orina
suppose so called because they help the Lappa Minor. The lesser Burdock.
Sciatica, or Huckle-bone Gout. br
Lentiscus. Mastich-tree. Both the leaves
Ingunialis, Asther. Setwort or Shart- and bark of it stop fluxes (being hot and
wort: being bruised and applied, they help dry in the second degree) spitting and
swellings, botches, and venerous swellings evacuations of blood, and the falling out
in the groin, whence they took their name, of the fundament.
(23, 24.).
3 Q

240
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
face.
Lens palustris. Duckmeat: Cold and provoke urine; the young sprouts open
moist in the second degree, helps inflamma- stoppings of the liver and spleen, cleanse
tions, hot swellings, and the falling out of the blood, clear the skin, help scabs and
the fundament, being warmed and applied itch, help agues, purge choler: they are
to the place.
usually boiled and taken as they eatasparagus,
Lepidium Piperites. Dittander, Pepper- but if you would keep them, for they are
wort, or Scar-wort: A hot fiery sharp herb, excellent for these diseases, you may niake
admirable for the gout being applied to the them into a conserve, or into a syrup.
place: being only held in the hand, it helps Lychnitis Coronaria : or as others write
the tooth-ache, and withall leaves a wanit
, Lychnis
. Rose Campion. I know no
colour in the hand that holds it.
great physical virtue it hath.
Livisticum. Lovage. Clears the sight,
Macis. See the barks.
takes away redness and freckles from the Magistrantia. 8c. Masterwort. Hot and
dry in the third degree: it is good against
Libanotis Coronaria. See Rosemary. poison, pestilence, corrupt and unwhole-
Linaria. Toad-fiax, or Wild-flax: hot some air, helps windiness in the stomach,
and dry, cleanses the reins and bladder, causeth an appetite to one's victuals, very
provokes urine, opens the stoppings of the profitable in falls and bruises, congealed
liver and spleen, and helps diseases coming and clotted blood, the bitings of mad-dogs;
thereof: outwardly it takes away yellow- the leaves chewed in the mouth, cleanse the
ness and deformity of the skin.
brain of superfluous humours, thereby pre-
Lillium convallium. Lilly of the Valley. } venting lethargies, and apoplexes.
See the flowers.
Malva. Mallows. The best of Authors
Lingua Cervina. Hart’s-tongue: drying account wild Mallows to be best, and hoid
and binding, stops blood, the menses and them to be cold and moist in the first degree,
fluxes, opens stoppings of the liver and they are profitable in the bitings of venom-
spleen, and diseases thence arising. Theous beasts, the stinging of bees and wasps,
like quantity of Harts-tongue, Knotgrass &c. Inwardly they resist poison, provoke
and Comfrey Roots, being boiled in water, to stool; outwardly they assuage hard
and a draught of the decoction drunk every swellings of the privities or other places; in
morning, and the materials which have clysters they help roughness and fretting of
boiled applied to the place, is a notable the entrails, bladder, or fundament; and so
remedy for such as are bursten.
they do being boiled in water, and the
Limonium. Sea-bugloss, or Marsh-bug- decoction drank, as I have proved in the
loss, or Sea-Lavender; the seeds being very bloody flux.
drying and binding, slop fluxes and the Majorana. See Amaraeus.
menses, help the cholic and stranguary. Mandragora. Mandrakes. Fit for no
Lotus urbana. Authors make some flutter i vulgar use, but only to be used in cooling
about this herb, I conceive the best take it ointments.
to be Trisolium Odoratum, Sweet Trefoyl, Marrubium, album, nigrum, fætidum.
which is of a temperate nature, cleanses Marrubium album, is common Horehound.
the eyes gently of such things as hinder the Hot in the second degree, and dry in the
sight, cures green wounds, ruptures, or third, opens the liver and spleen, cleanses
burstness, helps such as urine blood or are the breast and lungs, helps old coughs,
bruised, and secures garments from moths. į pains in the sides, ptisicks, or ulceration of
Lupulus. Hops. Opening, cleansing, the lungs, it provokes the menses, eases

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN 'ENLARGED.
241
one.
hard labour in child-bearing, brings away stomach, stay vomiting, stop the menses,
the placenta. See the syrups.
help sore heads in children, strengthen the
Marrubium, nigrum, et fætidum. Black stomach, cause digestion ; outwardly ap-
and stinking Horehouud, I take to be all plied, they help the bitings of mad-dogs :
Hot and dry in the third degree; Yet they hinder conception.
cures the bitings of mad dogs, wastes and Memba aquatica. Water Mints: Ease
consumes hard knots in the fundament and pains of the belly, head-ache, and vomiting,
matrix, cloanses filthy ulcers.
gravel in the kidnies and stone.
Marum. Herb Mastich. Hot and dry Methastrum. Horse-mint. I know no
in the third degree, good against cramps difference between them and water mints.
and convulsions.
Mercurialis, mas, foemina. Mercury male
Matricaria. Feverfew. Hot in the third and female, they are both hot and dry in
degree, dry in the second; opens, purges; the second degree, cleansing, digesting, they
a singular remedy for diseases incident to purge watery humours, and further concep-
the matrix, and other diseases incident to tion.
women, eases their travail, and infirmities Mezereon. Spruge-Olive, or Widdow-
coming after it; it helps the vertigo or dis- wail. A dangerous purge, better let alone
siness of the head, melancholy sad thoughts: than meddled with.
you may boil it either alone, or with other Millefolium. Yarrow. Meanly cold and
herbs fit for the same purpose, with which binding, an healing herb for wounds,
this treatise will furnish you: applied to stanches bleeding; and some say the juice
the wrists, it helps the ague.
snuffed up the nose, causeth it to bleed,
Matrisylva. The same with Caprifolium. whence it was called, Nose-bleed; it
Meliotus. Melilot. Inwardly taken, pro- {stops lasks, and the menses, helps the
vokes urine, breaks the Stone, cleanses the running of the reins, helps inflammations
reins and bladder, cutteth and cleanses the and excoriations of the priapus, as also
lungs of tough flegm; the juice dropped { inflammations of wounds. “Galen.
into the eyes, clears the sight, into the ears, Muscus. Mosse. Is something cold and
mitigates pain and noise there ; the head binding, yet usually retains a smatch of the
bathed with the juice mixed with vinegar, property of the tree it grows on; therefore
takes away the pains thereof: outwardly that which grows upon oaks is very dry and
in pultisses, it assuages swellings in the pri-binding. Serapio saith that it being infused
vities and elsewhere.
in wine, and the wine drank, it stays vomit-
Mellissa. Balm. Hot and dry: out-ing and fluxes, as also the Fluor Álbus.
wardly mixed with salt and applied to the Myrtus. Myrtle-tree. The leaves are
neck, helps the King's-evil, bitings of mad of a cold earthly quality, drying and bind-
dogs, venomous beasts, and such as cannot ing, good for fluxes, spitting and vomiting of
hold their neck as they should do; inwardly blood; stop the Fluor Albus and menses.
it
an excellent remedy for a cold and Nardus. See the root.
moist stomach, cheers the heart, refreshes Nasturtium, Aquaticum, Hortense. Water
the mind, takes away griefs, sorrow, and cresses, and Garden-cresses. Garden-
care, instead of which it produces joy and { cresses are hot and dry in the fourth degree,
mirth. See the syrup. Galen, Avicenna. good for thes curvy, sciatica, hard swellings,
Mentha sativa. Garden Mints, Spearyel do they trouble the belly, ease pains of
Mints. Are hot and dry in the third degree, thespleen, provokelust. Dioscorides. Water-
provoke hunger, are wholesome for the cresses are hot and dry, cleanse the blood,

242
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
help the scurvy, provoke urine and the travel four days without either meat or
menses, break the stone, help the green-sick- drink, by only chewing a little of this in
ness, cause a fresh lively colour.
their mouths: It eases the body of super-
Nasturtium Alhum, Thlaspie. Treacle-fluous humours, opens stoppings See the
mustard. Hot and dry in the third degree, ointment of Tobacco.
purges violently, dangerous for pregnant Nummularia. Money-wort, or Herb
women. Outwardly it is applied with profit Two-pence; cold, dry, binding, helps fluxes,
to the gout.
I stops the menses, helps ulcers in the lungs;
Nicorimi. Tobacco. It is hot and dry outwardly it is a special herb for wounds.
in the second degree, and of a cleansing Nymphea. See the flowers.
nature: the leaves warmed and applied to Ocynum. Basil, hot and moist. The best
the head, are excellently good in inveterate use that I know of it, is, it gives speedy
head-aches and megrims, if the diseases deliverance to women in travail. Let them
come through cold or wind, change them not take above half a dram of it at a time
often till the diseases be gone, help such {in powder, and be sure also the birth be
whose necks be stiff: it eases the faults of ripe, else it causes abortion.
DOTE ច
the breast: Asthma's or head-flegm in the Oleæ folia. Olive leaves: they are hard
lappets of the lungs : eases the pains of the to come by here.
stomach and windiness thereof: being heated Ononis. Restharrow. See the roots. 57
by the fire, and applied hot to the side, they Ophioglossum. Adder's-tongue. The leaves
loosen the belly, and kill worms being ap- are very drying: being boiled in oil they
plied unto it in like manner : they break make a dainty green balsam for green
the stone being applied in like manner to wounds: taken inwardly, they help inward
the region of the bladder : help the rickets, į wounds.
being applied to the belly and sides: applied Origanum. Origany: a kind of wild
to the navel, they give present ease to the Marjoram; hot and dry in the third degree,
fits of the mother: they take away cold { helps the bitings of venomous beasts, such
aches in the joints applied to them: boiled, șas have taken Opium, Hemlock, or Poppy;
the liquor absolutely and speedily cures provokes urine, brings down the menses,
scabs and itch: neither is there any better helps old coughs ; in an ointment it helps
salve in the world for wounds than may be scabs and itch.
made of it: for it cleanses, fetches out the Oxylapathum. Sorrel. See Acetosa. a
filth though it lie in the bones, brings up the Papaver, fc. Poppies, white, black, or
flesh from the bottom, and all this it doth erratick. I refer you to the syrups of each.
speedily: it. cures wounds made with poi- Parietaria. Given once before under the
soned weapons, and for this Clusius brings name of Helxine.
many experiences too tedious here to relate. Pastinæa. Parsnips. See the roots.
It is an admirable thing for carbuncles and Persicaria. See Hydropiper. This is the
plague-sores, inferior to none: green wounds milder sort of Arsmart I described there :
twill cure in a trice: ulcers and gangreens If ever you find it amongst the compounds,
very speedily, not only in men, but also in take it under that notion.bators
beasts, therefore the Indians dedicated it to Pentaphyllium. Cinquefoil: very drying,
their god. Taken in a pipe, it hath almost} yet but meanly hot, if at all; helps ulcers
as many virtues; it easeth weariness, takes in the mouth, roughness of the wind-pipe
away the sense of hunger and thirst, pro-(whence comes hoarsness and coughs, &c.)
vokes to stool: he saith, the Indians will helps fluxes, creeping ulcers, and the yellow

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
243
same.
may
jaundice; they say one leaf cures a quoti- } helps all inward inflammations whatsoever.
dian ague, three a tertain, and four a Porrum. Leeks. See the roots.
quartan. I know it will cure agues without Primula Veris. See Cowslips, or the
this curiosity, if a wise man have the hand- Flowers, which
you
will.
ling of it; otherwise a cart load will not Prunella. Self-heal, Carpenter's-herb,
do it.
and Sicklewort. Moderately hot and dry,
Petroselinum. Parsley. See Smallage. binding. See Bugle, the virtues being the
Per Columbinus. See Geranium.
Persicarium folia. Peach Leaves: they Pulegium. Pennyroyal; hot and dry in
are a gentle, yet a complete purger of the third degree; provokes urine, breaks
choler, and disease coming from thence; } the stone in the reins, strengthens women's
fit for children because of their gentleness, backs, provokes the menses, easeth their
You boil them in white wine: a hand- } labour in child-bed, brings away the pla-
full is enough at a time.
centa, stays vomiting, strengthens the brain,
Pilosella. Mouse-ear: once before and { breaks wind, and helps the vertigo.
this is often enough.
Pulmonaria, arborea, et Symphytum macu-
Pithyusa. A new name for Spurge of losum. Lung-wort. It helps infirmities of
the last Edition.
the lungs, as hoarsness, coughs, wheezing,
Plantago. Plantain. Cold and dry; an shortness of breath, &c. You may boil it
herb, though common, yet let none des-in Hyssop-water, or any other water that
pise it, for the decoction of it prevails { strengthens the lungs.
mightily against tormenting pains and ex- Pulicaria. Fleabane; hot and dry in the
coriations of the entrails, bloody fluxes, it third degree, helps the biting of venomous
stops the menses, and spitting of blood, beasts, wounds and swellings, the yellow
phthisicks, or consumptions of the lungs, jaundice, the falling sickness, and such as of
the running of the reins, and the Fluor cannot make water; being burnt, the smoak
Albus, pains in the head, and frenzies: out-of it kills all the gnats and fleas in the
wardly it clears the sight, takes away in- chamber; it is dangerous for pregnant
flammations, scabs, itch, the shingles, and women.
all spreading sores, and is as wholesome an Pyrus sylvestris. Wild Pear-tree. I
herb as can grow about any an house. Į know no virtue in the leaves.
Tragus, Dioscorides.
Pyrola. Winter-green. Cold and dry,
Polium, fc. Polley, or Pellamountain and very binding, stops fluxes, and the
All the sorts are hot in the second degree, { menses, and is admirably good in green
and dry in the third: helps dropsies, the yel- } wounds.
low jaundice, infirmities of the spleen, and Quercus folia. Oak Leaves : Are much
provokes urine. Dioscorides.
of the nature of the former, stay the Fluor
Polygonum. Knotgrass.
Albus. See the bark.
Polytricum. Maidenhair.
Ranunculus. Hath got a sort of English
Portulaca. Purslain: Cold and moist Names: Crowfoot, King-kob, Gold-cups,
in the second or third degree: cools hot Gold-knobs, Butter-flowers, &c. they are
stomachs, and it is admirable for one that of a notable hot quality, unfit to be taken
hath his teeth on edge by eating sour apples, inwardly: If you bruise the roots and apply
it cools the blood, liver, and is good for hot them to a plague-sore, they are notable
diseases, or inflammations in any of these things to draw the venom to them.
places, stops fluxes, and the menses, and Raparum folia. If they do mean Turnip
(25, 26.)
3 R

244
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
leaves, when they are young and tender, the boughs stuck about a chamber, wonder-
they are held to provoke urine.
fully cool the air, and refresh such as have
Rosmarirum. Rosemary, hot and dry in fevers; the leaves applied to the head,
the second degree, binding, stops fluxes, help hot diseases there, and frenzies.
helps stuffings in the head, the yellow jaun- Sampsucum. Marjoram.
dice, helps the memory, expels wind. See Sunicula. Sanicle; hot and dry in the
the flowers. Serapio, Dioscorides.
second degree, cleanses wounds and ulcers,
Rosa solis. See the water.
Saponaria. Sope-wort, or Bruise-wort,
Rosa alba, rubra, Damascena. White, vulgarly used in bruises and cut fingers,
Red, and Damask Roses.
and is of notable use in the veneral disease
Rumer. Dock; All the ordinary sort of Satureia. Savory. Summer savory is
Docks are of a cool and drying substance, hot and dry in the third degree, Winter
and therefore stop fluxes ; and the leaves savory is not so hot, both of them expel
are seldom used in physic.
wind.
Rubus Idæus: Raspis, Raspberries, or Sazifragia atba. White Saxifrage, breaks
Hind-berries : I know no great virtues in wind, helps the cholic and stone.
the leaves.
Scabiosa. Scabious: hot and dry in the
Ruta. Rue, or Herb of Grace; hot and second degree, cleanses the breast and lungs,
dry in the third degree, consumes the seed, helps old rotten coughs, and difficulty of
and is an enemy to generation, helps dif- } breathing, provokes urine, and cleanses the
ficulty of breathing, and inflammations of bladder of filthy stuff, breaks aposthumes,
the lungs, pains in the sides, inflammations and cures scabs and itch. Boil it in white
of the priapus and matrix, naught for preg- wine.
nant women: no herb resists poison more. Scariola. An Italian name for Succory.
It strengthens the heart exceedingly, and Schoenanthus. Schoenanth, Squinanth,
no herb better than this in pestilential or Chamel's hay; hot and binding. It
times, take it what manner you will or can. digests and opens the passages of the veins:
Ruta Muraria. See Adianthum. surely it is as great an expeller of wind as
Sabina. Savin: hot and dry in the third }any is.
degree, potently provokes the menses, expels Scordium. Water-Germander, hot and
both birth and afterbirth, they (boiled in dry, cleanses ulcers in the inward parts, it
oil and used in ointments) stay creeping provokes urine and the menses, opens
ulcers, scour away spots, freckles and sun- stopping of the liver, spleen, reins, bladder,
burning from the face ; the belly anointed and matrix, it is a great counter poison, and
with it kills worms in children.
eases the breast oppressed with flegm:
Salvia. Sage: hot and dry in the second } Diascordium.
or third degree, binding, it stays abortion Scrophularia.
Scrophularia. Figwort, so called of
in such women as are subject to come before Scrophula, the King's Evil, which it cures
their times, it causes fruitfulness, it is sin- they say, by being only hung about the
gularly good for the brain, strengthens the neck. If not, bruise it, and apply it to
senses and memory, helps spitting and the place, it helps the piles or hemorrhoids.
vomiting of blood: outwardly, heat hot Sedum. And all his sorts : see Barba
with a little vinegar and applied to the side, Jovis.
helps stitches and pains in the sides.
Senna. It heats in the second degree
Salix.. Willow leaves, are cold, dry, and and dries in the first, cleanses, purges,
binding, stop spitting of blood, and fluxes; digests; it carries downward both choler,
see
and

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
245
:
the root.
flegm, and melancholy, it cleanses the usually found about old ruinous buildings ;
brain, heart, liver, spleen; it cheers the it is so called because of its virtue in
senses, opens obstructions, takes away dul- } stopping fluxes.
ness of sight, helps deafness, helps melan- Shinachia. Spinage. I never read any
choly and madness, resists resolution of the physical virtues of it.
nerves, pains of the head, scabs, itch, fall- Spina Alba. See the root.
ing-sickness, the windiness of it is corrected Spica. See Nardus.
with a little ginger. You may boil half an Stebe. Silver Knapweed: The virtues
ounce of it at a time, in water or white} be the same with Scabious, and some think
wine, but boil it not too much; half an the herbs too; though I am of another
ounce is a moderate dose to be boiled for opinion.
any reasonable body.
Stæchas. French Lavender. Cassidony,
Serpillum. Mother-of-Time, with Time;} is a great counterpoison, opens obstructions
it is hot and dry in the third degree, it pro- of the liver and spleen, cleanses the matrix
vokes the menses, and helps the stranguary and bladder, brings 'out corrupt humours,
or stoppage of urine, gripings in the belly, provokes urine.
ruptures, convulsions, inflammation of the Suecisa, Marsus Diaboli. Devil's-bit.
liver, lethargy, and infirmities of the spleen, Hot and dry in the second degree: inwardly
boil it in white wine. Ætius, Galen. taken, it eases the fits of the mother, and
Sigillum Solomonis. Solomon's seal. See breaks wind, takes away swellings in the
mouth, and slimy flegm that stick to the
Smyrnium. Alexander of Crete. jaws, neither is there a more present remedy
Solanum. Night-shade: very cold and in the world for those cold swellings in
dry, binding; it is somewhať dangerous the neck which the vulgar call the almonds
given inwardly, unless by a skilful hand; of the ears, than this herb bruised and
outwardly it helps the Shingles, St. Anthony's applied to them.
fire, and other hot inflammations.
Suchaha. An Egyptian Thorn. Very
Soldanella. Bindweed, hot and dry in hard, if not impossible to come by here.
the second degree, it opens obstructions of Tanacetum. Tansy: hot in the second
the liver, and purges watery humours, and degree and dry in the third; the very smell
is therefore very profitable in dropsies, it is of it stays abortion, or miscarriages in
very hurtful to the stomach, and therefore women; so it doth being bruised and ap-
if taken inwardly it had need be well cor- plied to their navels, provokes urine, and
rected with cinnamon, ginger, or annis- is a special help against the gout.
seed, &c.
Taraxacon. Dandelion, or to write better
Sonchus levis Asper. Sow-thistles smooth French, Dent-de-lion, for in plain English,
and rough, they are of a cold, watery, yet it is called lyon's tooth; it is a kind of Suc-
binding quality, good for frenzies, they cory, and thither I refer you,
increase milk in nurses, and cause the chil- Tamariscus. Tamiris.
Tamiris. It hath a dry
dren which they nurse to have a good cleansing quality, and hath a notable virtue
colour, help gnawings of the stomach against the rickets, and infirmities of the
coming of a hot cause ; outwardly they spleen, provokes the menses. Galen, Dios-
help inflammations, and hot swellings, cool corides,
the heat of the fundament and privities. Telephium. A kind of Opine.
Sophi Chirurgorum. Fluxweed: drying Thlaspi.' See Nasturitum.
without any manifest heat or coldness; it is Thymbra. A wild Savory.

246.
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Thymum. Thyme. Hot and dry in the ja digesting, cleansing quality, stops fluxes
third degree; helps coughs and shortness of and the hemorrhoids, it cures hoarseness,
Lreath, provokes the menses, brings away the cough, and such as are broken winded.
dead children and the after birth; purges
Verbena. Vervain: hot and dry, a great
flegm, cleanses the breast and lungs, reins (opener, cleanser, healer, it helps the yellow
and matrix; helps the sciatica, pains in ļ jaundice, defects in the reins and bladder,
the breast, expels wind in any part of the } pains in the head ; if it be but bruised and
body, resists fearfulness and melancholy, hung about the neck, all diseases in the
continual pains in the head, and is profita- privities; made into an ointment it is a
ble for such as have the falling-sickness to sovereign remedy for old head-aches, as
smell to.
also frenzies, it clears the skin, and causes
Thymcelea. The Greek name for Spurge- } a lovely colour.
Olive: Mezereon being the Arabick name. Voronica. See Betonica Pauli.
Tithymallus, Esula, &c. Spurge. Hot Violaria. Violet Leaves : they are cool,
and dry in the fourth degree: a dogged ease pains in the head proceeding of heat
purge, better let alone than taken inwardly: and frenzies, either inwardly taken, or out-
hair anointed with the juice of it will fall wardly applied ; heat of the stomach, or in-
off: it kills fish, being mixed with any flammation of the lungs.
thing that they will eat: outwardly it Vitis Viniseria. The manured Vine: the
cleanses ulcers, takes away freckles, sun- } leaves are binding and cool withal; the
burning and morphew from the face. burnt ashes of the sticks of a vine, scour
Tormentilla. See the root.
the teeth and make them as white as snow;
Trinitatis herba. Pansies, or Heart's- {the leaves stop bleeding, fluxes, heart-
ease: They are cold and moist, both herbs } burnings, vomitings; as also the longings
and flowers, excellent against inflammations of pregnant women. The coals of a burnt
of the breast or lungs, convulsions or fall- Vine, in powder, mixed with honey, doth
ing-sickness, also they are held to be good { make the teeth as white as ivory, which are
for venereal complaints.
rubbed with it.
Trifolium. Trefoil: dry in the third Vincitoxicum. Swallow-wort. A pultis
degree, and cold: The ordinary Meadow made with the leaves helps sore breasts, and
Trefoil, cleanses the bowels of slimy humours also soreness of the matrix.
that stick to them, being used either in Virga Pastoris. A third name for Tea-
drinks or clysters; outwardly they take zles. See Dipsatus.
away inflammations,
Virga Aurea. See Consolida.it
Tussilago. Colt's-foot: something cold Ulmaria. See the root. Meadsweet.
and dry, and therefore good for inflamma- Umbslicus Veneris. Navil-wort: Cold,
tions, they are admirably good for coughs, į dry, and binding, therefore helps all in-
and consumptions of the lungs, shortness flammations ; they are very good for kibed
of breath, &c. It is often used and with heels, being bathed with it and a leaf laid
good success taken in a tobacco-pipe, being over the sore.
cut and mixed with a little oil of annis Urtica. Nettles: an herb so well known,
seeds. See the Syrup of Colt's-foot.mle that you may find them by the feeling in
Valeriana. Valerian, or Setwall. See the darkest night: they are something hot
,
the roots.
not very hot; the juice stops bleeding;
Verbascum, Thapsus Barbatus. Mullin, they provoke lust, help difficulty of breath-
or Higtaper. It is something dry, and offing, pleurisies, inflammations of the lungs,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
247
that troublesome cough that women call TVinter-Gilliflowers, or Wall-flowers, hep
the Chincough; they exceedingly break inflammation of the womb, provoke the
the stone, provoke urine, and help such as menses, and help ulcers in the mouth.
cannot hold their necks upright. Boil Honey-suckles, provoke urine, ease the
them in white wine.
pains of the spleen, and such as can hardly
Usnea Moss; once before.
fetch their breath.
Mallows, help coughs.
Red Roses, cool, bind, strengthen both
vital and animal virtue, restore such as are
FLOWERS
in consumptions, strengthen. There are
BORAGE, and Bugloss flowers strengthen so many compositions of them which makes
the brain, and are profitable in fevers. me more brief in the simples.
Chamomel flowers, heat and assuage Violets, (to wit, the blue ones,) cool and
swellings, inflammation of the bowels, dis-moisten, provoke sleep, loosen the belly,
solve wind, are profitably given in clysters resist fevers, help inflammations, correct
or drink, to such as are troubled with the the heat of choler, ease the pains in the
cholic, or stone.
head, help the roughness of the wind-pipe,
Stachea, opens stoppings in the bowels, { diseases in the throat, inflammations in the
and strengthens the whole body.
breast and sides, plurisies, open stoppings
Saffron powerfully concocts, and sends of the liver, and help the yellow jaundice.
out whatever humour offends the body, Chicory, (or Succory as the vulgar call
drives back inflammations; applied outward- { it) cools and strengthens the liver, so doth
ly, encreases venery, and provokes urine. Endive.
Clove-Gilliflowers, resist the pestilence, IVatev lilies ease pains of the head com-
strengthen the heart, liver, and stomach, and {ing of chroler and heat, provoke sleep, cool
provoke venery.
inflammations, and the heat in fevers.
Schoenanth (which I touched slightly Pomegranate-flowers, dry and bind, stop
amongst the herbs) provokes urine potently, fluxes, and the menses.
provokes the menses, breaks wind, helps Cowslips, strengthen the brain, senses,
such as spit or vomit blood, eases pains of} and memory, exceedingly, resist all dis-
the stomach, reins, and spleen, helps drop- eases there, as convulsions, falling-sickness,
sies, convulsions, and inflammations of the palsics, &c.
womb.
Centaury, purgescholerand gross humours
Lavender-flowers, resist all cold afflic- } helps the yellow jaundice, opens obstruc-
tions of the brain, convulsions, falling-sick- {tions of the liver, helps pains of the spleen,
ness, they strengthen cold stomachs, and provokes the menses, brings away birth
open obstructions of the liver, they provoke and afterbirth.
urine, and the menses, bring forth the birth Elder flowers, help dropsies, cleanse the
blood, clear the skin, open stoppings of the
Hops, open stoppings of the bowels, liver and spleen, and diseases arising there-
and for that cause beer is better than ale. from.
12 PUISTO
Balm-flowers, cheer the heart and vital Bean-flowers, clear the skin, stop humours
spirits, strengthen the stomach.
flowing into the eyes
Rosemary-flowers, strengthen the brain Peach-tree flowers, purge choler gently.
exceedingly, and resist madness; clear the Broom-flowers, purge water, and are good
sight.
in dropsies.
(25, 26.)
and placenta.
3 s

248
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
The temperature of all these differ either Cloves, help digestion, stop looseness, pro-
very little or not at all from the herbs. voke lust, and quicken the sight.
The way of using the flowers I did for- Pepper, binds, expels wind, helps the
bear, because most of them may, and are cholic, quickens digestion oppressed with
usually made into conserves, of which you cold, heats the stomach.
may take the quantity of a nutmeg in the Quinces. See the Compositions.
morning; all of them may be kept dry a Pears are grateful to the stomach, dry-
year, and boiled with other herbs conducing ing, and therefore help fluxes.
to the cures they do.
All plums that are sharp or sour, are
binding, the sweet are loosening.
Cucumbers, cool the stomach, and are
FRUITS AND THEIR BUDS.
good against ulcers in the bladder.
Galls, are exceeding binding, help ulcers
Green Figs, are held to be of ill juice, but in the mouth, wasting of the gums, ease
the best is, we are not much troubled with the pains of the teeth, help the falling out
them in England; dry figs help coughs, of the womb and fundament, make the
cleanse the breast, and help infirmities of the hair black.
lungs, shortness of wind, they loose the Pompions are a cold and moist fruit, of
belly, purge the reins, help inflammations small nourishment, they provoke urine,
of the liver and spleen; outwardly they dis- outwardly applied; the fesh of them helps
solve swellings.
inflammations and burnings; applied to the
Pine-nuts, restore such as are in con- forehead they help inflammations of the eyes.
sumptions, amend the failings of the lungs, Melons, have few other virtues.
concoct flegm, and yet are naught for such Apricots, are very grateful to the stomach,
as are troubled with the head-ache.
and dry up the humours thereof. Peaches
Dates, are binding, stop eating ulcers are held to do the like.
being applied to them; they are very good Cubebs, are hot and dry in the third de-
for weak stomachs, for they soon digest, and į gree, they expel wind, and cleanse the
breed good nourishment, they help infir- stomach of tough and viscous humours, they
mities of the reins, bladder, and womb. ease the pains of the spleen, and help cold
Sebestens, cool choler, violent heat of the diseases of the womb, they cleanse the head
stomach, help roughness of the tongue and of flegm and strengthen the brain, they heat
wind-pipe, cool the reins and bladder. the stomach and provoke venery.
Raisins of the Sun, help infirmities of the Bitter Almonds, are hot in the first degree
breast and liver, restore consumptions, and dry in the second, they cleanse and cut
gently cleanse and move to stool.
thick humours, cleanse the lungs; and eaten
Walnuts, kill worms, resist the pestilence, every morning, they are held to preserve
(I mean the green ones, not the dry.) from drunkenness.
Capers eaten before meals, provoke hun- Bay-berries, heat, expel wind, mitigate
ger.
pain; are excellent for cold infirmities of
Nutmegs, strengthen the brain, stomach, the womb, and dropsies.
and liver, provoke urine, ease the pains of Cherries, are of different qualities accord-
the spleen, stop looseness, ease pains of the ing to their different taste, the sweet arc
head, and pains in the joints, strengthen the quickest of digestion, but the sour are more
body, take away weakness coming of cold, pleasing to a hot stomach, and procure
and cause a sweet breath.
appetite to one's meat.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
249
Medlars, are strengthening to the stomach, confident a child of three years old, if you
binding, and the green are more binding should give it Raisins of the sun or Cherries,
than the rotten, and the dry than the green. would not ask how it should take them.
Olives, cool and bind.
English-currants, cool the stomach, and
are profitable in acute fevers, they quench
SEEDS OR GRAINS.
thirst, resist vomiting, cool the heat of
choler, provoke appetite, and are good for Coriander seed, hot and dry, expels wind,
hot complexions.
but is hurtful to the head ; sends up un-
Services, or Chockers are of the nature of wholesome vapours to the brain, dangerous
Medlars, but something weaker in opera- for mad people. Sen
tion.
Fenugreek seeds, are of a softening, dis-
Barberries, quench thirst, cool the heat cussing nature, they cease inrlammations,
of choler, resist the pestilence, stay vomiting be they internal or external: bruised and
and fluxes, stop the menses, kill worms, mixed with vinegar they ease the pains of
help spitting of blood, fasten the teeth, and the spleen: being applied to the sides,
strengthen the gums.
help hardness and swellings of the matrix,
Strawberries, cool the stomach, liver, and being boiled, the decoction helps scabby
blood, but are very hurtful for such as have heads.
agues.
Lin-sced hath the same virtues with Fenu-
Winter-Cherries, potently provoke urine, greek.
and break the stone.
Gromwell seed, provokes urine, helps the
Cassia-fistula, is temperate in quality, cholic, breaks the stone, and expels wind.
gently purgeth choler and flegm, clarifies Boil them in white wine ; but bruise them
the blood, resists fevers, cleanses the breast first.
and lungs, it cools the reins, and thereby Lupiires, ease the pains of the spleen,
resists the breeding of the stone, it provokes kill worms and cast them out : outwardly,
urine, and therefore is exceeding good for they cleanse filthy ulcers, and gangrenes,
the running of the reins in men, and the help scabs, itch, and inflammations.com
Fluor Albus in women.
Dill seed, encreases milk in nurses, expels
All the sorts or Myrobalans, purge the wind, stays vomitings, provokes urine; yet
stomach; the Indian Myrobalans, are held {it dulls the sight, and is an enemy to gene-
to purge melancholy most especially, the ration.org
other flegm; yet take heed you use them Smallage seed, provokes wine and the
not in stoppings of the bowels : they are menses, expels wind, resists poison, and
cold and dry, they all strengthen the heart, ſeases inward pains, it opens stoppings in
brain, and sinews, strengthen the stomach, any part of the body, yet it is hurtful for
relieve the senses, take away tremblings and such as have the falling-sickness, and for
heart-qualms. They are seldom used alone. pregnant women.alib sozine
Prunes, are cooling and loosening. Rocket seed, provokes urine, stirs up lust,
Tamarinds, are cold and dry in the second encreases seed, kills worms, eases pains of
degree, they purge choler, cool the blood, the spleen. Use all these in like manner.
stay vomiting, help the yellow jaundice, Basil seed: If we may believe Diosco
quench thirst, cool hot stomachs, and hot rides and Crescentius, cheers the heart, and
strengthens a moist stomach, drives away
I omit the use of these also as resting : melancholy, and provokes urine. S 03
livers.

250
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Nettle seed, provokes venery, opens stop-
The seeds of Water-cresses, heat, yet trou-
pages of the womb, helps inflammations of ble the stoinach and belly; ease the pains
of the sides and lungs : purgeth the breast: of the spleen, are very dangerous for
boil them (being bruised) in white wine pregnant women, yet they provoke lust:
also.
outwardly applied, they help leprosies, scald
The seeds of Ammi, or Bishop's-weed, heads, and the falling off of hair, as also
heat and dry, help difficulty of urine, and carbuncles, and cold ulcers in the joints.
the pains of the cholic, the bitings of venom- Mustard seed, heats, extenuates, and
ous beasts; they provoke the menses, and } draws moisture from the brain: the head
purge the womb.
} being shaved and anointed with Mustard,
Annis seeds, heat and dry, ease pain, ex- is a good remedy for the lethargy, it helps
pel wind, cause a sweet breath, help the filthy ulcers, and hard swellings in the
dropsy, resist poison, breed milk, and stop mouth, it helps old aches coming of cold.
the Fluor Albus in women, provoke venery, French Barley, is cooling, nourishing, and
and ease the head-ache.
breeds milk
Cardamoms, heat, kill worms, cleanse the Sorrel seeds, potently resist poison, help
reins, and provoke urine.
fluxes, and such stomachs as loath their
Fennel seed, breaks wind, provokes urine meat.
and the menses, encreases milk in nurses. Succory seed, cools the heat of the blood,
Cummin seed, heat, bind, and dry, stop extinguishes lust, opens stoppings of the
blood, expel wind, ease pain, help the liver and bowels, it allays the heat of the
bitings of venomous beast: outwardly ap-body, and produces a good colour, it
plied (viz. in Plaisters) they are of a dis- strengthens the stomach, liver, and reins.
cussing nature.
Poppy seeds, ease pain, provoke sleep.
Carrot seeds, are windy, provoke lust ex- Your best way is to make an emulsion of
ceedingly, and encrease seed, provoke urine them with barley water.
and the menses, cause speedy delivery to Mallow seeds, ease pains in the bladder.
women in travail, and bring away the Chich-pease, are windy, provoke lust, en-
placenta. All these also may be boiled increase milk in nurses, provoke the menses,
white wine.
outwardly, they help scabs, itch, and in-
Nigella seeds, boiled in oil, and the fore- flammations of the testicles, ulcers, &c.
nead anointed with it, ease pains in the White Saxifrage seeds, provoke urine, ex-
head, take away leprosy, itch, scurf, and pel wind, and break the stone. Boil them
help scald heads : Inwardly taken they { in white wine.
expel worms, they provoke urine, and the Rue seeds, helps such as cannot hold
menses, help difficulty of breathing. their water.
Stavesacre, kills lice in the head, I hold it Lettice seed, cools the blood, restrains
not fitting to be given inwardly.
venery.
Olibanum mixed with as much Barrow's Also Gourds, Citruls, Cucumbers, Melons,
Grease (beat the Olibanum first in powder) } Purslain, and Endive seeds, cool the blood,
and boiled together, make an ointment as also the stomach, spleen, and reins, and
which will kill the lice in children's heads, allay the heat of fevers. Use them as you
and such as are subject to breed them, will were taught to do poppy-seeds.
never breed them. A Medicine cheap, Wormseed, expels wind, kills worms.
safe, and sure, which breeds no annoyance Ash-tree Keys, ease pains in the sides,
to the brain.
help the dropsy, relieve men weary with
ta

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
251
lean.
labour, provoke venery, and make the body name you please, is a desperate purge, hurt-
ful to the body by reason of its heat, windi-
Piony seeds, help the Ephialtes, or the ness, corroding, or gnawing, and violence
disease the vulgar call the Mare, as also the of working. I would advise my countrymen
fits of the mother, and other such like in- to let it alone; it will gnaw their bodies as
O firmities of the womb, stop the menses, and fast as doctors gnaw their purses.
help convulsions.
Opopanax, is of a heating, molifying,
Broom seed, potently provoke urine, digesting quality.
break the stone.
Gum Elemi, is exceeding good for frac-
Citron seeds, strengthen the heart, cheer tures of the skull, as also in wounds, and
the vital spirit, resist pestilence and poison. therefore is put in plaisters for that end.
See Arceus his Liniment.
Tragacanthum, commonly called Gum
TEARS, LIQUORS, AND ROZINS. Traganth, and Gum Dragon, helps coughs,
hoarseness, and distillations on the lungs.
Laudanum, is of a heating, mollifying Bdellium, heats and softens, helps hard
nature, it opens the mouth of the veins, swellings, ruptures, pains in the sides, hard-
stays the hair from falling off, helps painsness of the sinews.
in the ears, and hardness of the womb. It: Galbanum. Hot and dry, discussing;
is used only outwardly in plaisters. applied to the womb, it hastens both birth
Assafætida. Is commonly used to allay and after-birth, applied to the navel it stays
the fits of the mother by smelling to it; the strangling of the womb, commonly
they say, inwardly taken, it provokes. Iust, called the fits of the mother, helps pains in
and expels wind.
the sides, and difficulty of breathing, being
Benzoin, or Benjamin, makes a good per-applied to it, and the smell of it helps the
fume.
vertigo or diziness in the head.
Sanguis Draconis, cools and binds exceed- Myrh, heats and dries, opens and softens
ingly.
the womb, provokes the birth and after-
Aloes, purges choler and flegm, and with birth ; inwardly taken, it helps old coughs
such deliberation that it is often given to and hoarseness, pains in the sides, kills worms,
withstand the violence of other purges, it and helps a stinking breath, helps the wast-
preserves the senses and betters the appre- ing of the gums, fastens the teeth: outwardly
hension, it strengthens the liver, and helps it helps wounds, and fills up ulcers with
the yellow-jaundice. Yet is naught for such } flesh. You may take half a dram at a
as are troubled with the hemorrhoids, or time.
have agues. I do not like it taken raw. Mastich, strengthens the stomach exceed-
Sec Aloe Rosata, which is nothing but it ingly, helps such as vomit or spit blood, it
washed with the juice of roses.
fastens the teeth and strengthens the gums,
Manna, is temperately hot, of a mighty} being chewed in the mouth.
dilative quality, windy, cleanses choler Frankinsense, and Olibanum, heat and
gently, also it cleanses the throat and bind, fill up old ulcers with flesh, stop bleed-
stomach. A child may take an ounce of iting, but is extremely bad for mad people.
at a time melted in milk, and the dross Turpentine, Purges, cleanses the reins,
strained out, it is good for them when they helps the running of them.
are scabby.
Styrax Calamitis, helps coughs, and dis-
Scamony, or Diagridium, call it by which tillations upon the lungs, hoarseness, want
(25, 26.)
3 T

252
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
of voice, hardness of the womb, but it is
bad for head-aches.
LIVING CREATURES.
Ammonicaum, applied to the side, helps
the hardness and pains of the spleen. Millepedes (so called from the multitude
Camphire, eases pains of the head coming of their feet, though it cannot be supposed they
of heat, takes awayinflammations, and cools } have a thousand) sows, hog-lice, wood-lice,
any place to which it is applied.
being bruised and mixed with wine, they pro-
voke urine, help the yellow jaundice: outwardly
being boiled in oil, help pains in the ears, a
JUICES.
drop being put into them.
The flesh of vipers being eaten, clear the
That all juices have the same virtues { sight, help the vices of the nerves, resist poison
with the herbs or fruits whereof they are jexceedingly, neither is there any better remedy
made, I suppose few or none will deny, under the sun for their bitings than the head
therefore I shall only name a few of them, of the viper that bit you, bruised and applied
and that briefly.
to the place, and the flesh eaten, you need not
Sugar is held to be hot in the first degree, eat above a dram at a time, and make it up as
strengthens the lungs, takes away the rough- you shall be taught in troches of vipers. Neither
ness of the throat, succours the reins and any comparable to the stinging of bees and
bladder.
wasps, 8c. than the same that sting you,
The juice of Citrons cools the blood, bruised and applied to the place.
strengthens the heart, mitigates the violent Land Scorpions cure their own stingingsly
heat of fevers.
the same means; the ashes of them (being
The juice of Lemons works the same ef- burnt) potently provokes urine, and breaks the
fect, but not so powerfully.
Juice of Liquorice, strengthens the lungs, Earth-worms, are an admirable remedy for
helps coughs and colds.
cut nerves being applied to the place; they pro-
voke urine ; see the oil of them, only let me not
forget one notable thing quoted by Mizaldus,
which is, That the powder of them put into an
THINGS BRED FROM PLANTS.
hollow tooth, makes it drop out.
These have been treated of before, only two
To draw a tooth without pain, fill an earth-
excepted. The first of which is,
en crucible full of Emmets, Ants, or Pismires,
Agaricus. Agarick : It purges flegm, eggs and all
, and when you have burned them,
choler, and melancholy, from the brain, nerves, keep the ashes, with which if you touch a tooth
muscles, marrow, (or more properly brain) of it will fall out.
the back, it cleanses the breast, lungs, liver, Eels, being put into wine or beer, and suffered
stomach, spleen, reins, womb, joints; it provokes to die in it, he that drinks it will never endure
urine, and the menses, kills worms, helps pains that sort of liquor again.
in the joints, and causes a good colour : it is Oysters applied alive to a pestilential swelling,
very seldom or never taken alone. See Syrup draw the venom to them.
of Roses with Agarick.
Crab-fish, burnt to ashes, and a dram of it
Lastly, Vicus Quircinus, or Misleto of the taken every morning helps the bitings of mad
Oak, helps the falling-sickness being either dogs, and all other venomous beasts.
taken inwardly, or hung about one's neck. Swallows, being eaten, clear the sight, the
ashes of them (being burnt) eaten, preserves
stone.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
253
from drunkenness, helps sore throats being ap- ter than Castorium, raw, to which I refer
plied to them, and inflammations.
you.
Grass-hoppers, being eaten, case the cholic, A Sheep's or Goats bladder being burnt,
and pains in the bladder.
and the ashes given inwardly, helps the
Hedge Sparrows, being kept in salt, or dried Diabetes.
and eaten raw, are an admirable remedy for A flayed Mouse dried and beaten into
the stone.
powder, and given at a time, helps such as
Young Pigeons being eaten, help pains in cannot hold their water, or have a Diabetes,
the reins, and the disease called Tenesmus. if you do the like three days together.
Ivory, or Elephant's tooth, binds, stops
the IVhites, it strengthens the heart and
stomach, helps the yellow jaundice, and
PARTS OF LIVING CREATURES, makes women fruitful.
AND EXCREMENTS.
Those small bones which are found in
the fore-feet of an Hare, being beaten into
· The brain of Sparrows being eaten, pro- powder and drank in wine, powerfully pro-
vokes lust exceedingly.
voke urine.
The brain of an Hare being roasted, helps Goose grease, and Capons grease, are both
trembling, it makes children breed teeth softening, help gnawing sores, stiffness of
easily, their gums being rubbed with it, it the womb, and mitigate pain.
also helps scald heads, and falling off of I am of opinion that the suet of a Goat
hair, the head being anointed with it. mixed with a little saffron, is as excellent
The head of a young Kite, being burnt an ointment for the gout, especially the
to ashes and the quantity of a drachm of it gout in the knees, as any is.
taken every morning in a little water, is an Bears grease stays the falling off of the
admirable remedy against the gout.
hair.
Crab-eyes break the stone, and open Fox grease helps pains in the ears.
stoppings of the bowels.
Elk's Claws or hoofs are a sovereign remedy
The lungs of a Fox, well dried, (but not for the falling sickness, though it be but
burned) is an admirable strengthener to worn in a ring, much more being taken in-
the lungs: see the Lohoch of Fox lungs. wardly; but saith Mizaldus, it must be the
The liver of a Duck, stops fluxes, and hoof of the right foot behind.
strengthens the liver exceedingly.
Milk is an extreme windy meat; there-
The liver of a Frog, being dried and fore I am of the opinion of Dioscorides, viz.
eaten, helps quartan agues, or as the vulgar that it is not profitable in head-aches; yet
call them, third-day agues.
this is for certain, that it is an admirable
Castoreum resists poison, the bitings of remedy for inward ulcers in any part of
venomous beasts ; it provokes the menses, $the body, or any corrosions, or excoriations,
and brings forth birth and after-birth ; it į pains in the reins and bladder: but it is
expels wind, eases pains and aches, con- very bad in diseases of the liver, spleen, the
vulsions, sighings, lethargies; the smell of falling-sickness, vertigo, or dissiness in the
it allays the fits of the mother; inwardly head, fevers and head-aches ; Goat's milk
given, it helps tremblings, falling-sickness, is held to be better than Cow's for Hectic
and other such ill effects of the brain and fevers, phthisick, and consumptions, and
nerves: A scruple is enough tò take at also is Ass's also.
time, and indeed spirit of Castorium is bet- Whey, attenuates and cleanses both cho-
و

254
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
ler and melancholy: wonderfully helps the Fluor Albus, helps such as spit blood,
melancholy and madness coming of it; it is an approved remedy for the falling
opens stoppings of the bowels; helps such sickness. “Also if ten grains of red Coral
as have the dropsy and are troubled with be given to a child in a little breast-milk so
the stoppings of the spleen, rickets and soon as it is born, before it take any other
hypochondriac melancholy: for such dis- food, it will never have the falling-sickness
,
eases you may make up your physic with nor convulsions. The common dose is
whey. Outwardly it cleanses the skin of} from ten grains to thirty.
such deformities as come through choler or Pearls, are å wonderful strengthener to
melancholy, as scabs, itch, morphew, lepro- the heart, encrease milk in nurses, and
sies, &c.
amend it being naught, they restore such
Honey is of a gallant cleansing quality, as are in consumptions; both they and the
exceeding profitable in all inward ulcers in red Coral preserve the body in health, and
what part of the body soever; it opens the resist fevers. The dose is ten grains or
veins, cleanses the reins and bladder. I fewer; more, I suppose, because it is dear,
know no vices belonging to it, but only it than because it would do harm.
is soon converted into choler.
Amber, (viz. yellow Amber) heats and
Wax, softens, heats, and meanly fills dries, therefore prevails against moist dis-
sores with flesh, it suffers not the milk to eases of the head ; it helps violent coughs,
curdle in women's breasts ; inwardly it is helps consumption of the lungs, spitting of
given (ten grains at a time) against bloody- blood, the Fluor Albus ; it stops bleeding
Auxes.
at the nose, helps difficulty of urine: You
Raw-silk, heats and dries, cheers the may take ten or twenty grains at a time.
heart, drives away sadness, comforts all the The Froth of the Sea, it is hot and dry,
spirits, both natural, vital and animal helps scabs, itch, and leprosy, scald heads,
&c. it cleanses the skin, helps difficulty of
urine, makes the teeth white, being rubbed
BELONGING TO THE SEA.
with it, the head being washed with it, it
helps baldness, and trimly decks the head
Sperma Coti, is well applied outwara.v to with hair.
eating ulcers, the marks which the small
pox leaves behind them; it clears the sight,
provokes sweat; inwardly it troubles the
METALS, MINERALS, AND
stomach and belly, helps bruises, and
STONES.
stretching of the nerves, and therefore is
good for women newly delivered.
GOLD is temperate in quality, it won-
Amber-grease, heats and dries, strengthens derfully strengthens the heart and vital
the brain and nerves exceedingly, if the spirits, which one perceiving, very wittily
infirmity of them come of cold, resists pes- } inserted these verses :
tilence.
For Gold is cordial; and that's the reason,
Sea-sand, a man that hath the dropsy, Your raking Misers live so long a season.
being set up to the middle in it, it draws However, this is certain, in cordials, it
out all the water.
resists melancholy, faintings, swoonings,
Red Coral, is cold, dry and binding, fevers, falling-sickness, and all such like
stops the immoderate flowing of the menses, infirmities, incident either to the vital or
bloody-fluxes, the running of the reins, and animal spirit.
1

AND ENGLISH FHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
255
Alum. Heats, binds, and purges ; scours and consumptions, viz. taken inwardly; for
filthy ulcers, and fastens loose teeth. this stone is not used to be worn as a jewel;
Brimstone, or flower of brimstone, which the powder of it put upon wounds made
is brimstone refined, and the better for by venomous beasts, draws out the poison.
physical uses; helps coughs and rotter Topaz (if Epiphanius spake truth) if you
flegm; outwardly in ointments it takes away put it into boiling water, it doth só cool it
leprosies, scabs, and itch; inwardly it helps that you may presently put your hands into
yellow jaundice, as also worms in the belly, it without harm; if so, then it cools in-
especially being mixed with a little Salt- } flammations of the body by touching them.
petre: it helps lethargies being snuffed up Toadstone ; Being applied to the place
in the nose.
helps the bitings of venomous beasts, and
Litharge, both of gold and silver; binds quickly draws all the poison to it; it is
and dries much, fills up ulcers with flesh, known to be a true one by this; hold
and heals them.
it near to any toad, and she will make
Lead is of a cold dry earthly quality, of proffer to take it away from you if it be
an healing nature; applied to the place it right; else not. Lemnius.
helps any inflammation, and dries up Nephritichus lapis; helps pains in the
huinours.
stomach, and is of great force in breaking
Pompholir, cools, dries and binds.
and bringing away the stone and gravel.
Jacynth, strengthens the heart being Jasper; being worn, stops bleeding, eases
either beaten into powder, and taken in- the labour in women, stops lust, resists
wardly, or only worn in a ring.
fevers and dropsies. Mathiolus.
Sapphire, quickens the senses, helps such Atites, or the stone with child, because
as are bitten by venomous beasts, ulcers in being hollow in the middle, it contains
the bowels.
another little stone within it, is found in an
Emerald ; called a chaste stone because Eagle's nest, and in many other places ;
it resists lust: - being worn in a ring, it this stone being bound to the left arm of
helps, or at least mitigates the falling sick- } women with child, stays their miscarriage
ness and vertigo; it strengthens the memory, or abortion, but when the time of their
and stops the unruly passions of men. labour comes, remove it from their arm,
Ruby (or carbuncle, if there be such a and bind it to the inside of their thigh, and
stone) restrains lust; resists pestilence; takes it brings forth the child, and that (almost)
away idle and foolish thoughts, makes men without any pain at all. Dioscorides, Pliny.
cheerful. Cardanus.
Lapis Lazuli, purges melancholy being
Granite. Strengthens the heart, but hurts taken inwardly; outwardly worn as a jewel,
the brain, causes anger, takes away sleep. it makes men cheerful, fortunate and rich.
Diamond, is reported to make him thai And thus I end the stones, the virtues of
bears it unfortunate.
which if any 'think incredible, I answer ;
Amethist, being worn, makes men sober}1. I quoted the authors where I had them.
and steady, keeps men from drunkenness and į 2. I know nothing to the contrary but why
too much sleep, it quickens the wit, is pro- it may be as possible as the sound of a
fitable in huntings and fightings, and repels trumpet is to incite a man to valour; or a
vapours from the head.
fiddle to dancing: and if I have added a
Bezoar, is a notable restorer of nature, few simples which the Colledge left out,
a great cordial, no way hurtful nor danger- I hope my fault is not much, or at a least
ous, is admirably good in fevers, pestilences,wise, venial.
(25, 26.)
3 u

256
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
A CATALOGUE OF SIMPLES
IN THE
NEW DISPENSATORY.
ROOTS.
Navew, Spikenard, Celtic ana Indian, Water
lilies, Rest-harrow, sharp pointed Dock,
College.] Sorrel, Calamus Aromaticus, Peony, male and female, Parsnips, garden and
Water-flig, Privet, Garlick, Marsh-mallows, wild, Cinquefoil, Butter-Bur, Parsley, Hog's
Alcanet, Angelica, Anthora, Smallage, Aron, Fennel, Valerian, greater and lesser, Burnet,
Birth-wort long and round, Sowbread, Reeds, Land and Water Plantain, Polypodium of the
Asarabacca, Virginian Snakeweed, Swall-Oak, Solomon's Seal, Leeks, Pellitory of Spain,
wort, Asparagus, Asphodel, male and female. Cinquefoil
, Turnips, Raddishes, garden
andwild,
Burdocks great and small, Behen, or Bazil,|| Rhapontick, common Rhubarb, Monk's Rhu-
Valerian, white and red. Daisies, Beets, barb, Rose Root, Madder Bruscus. Sopewort,
-vhite, red, and black. Marsh-mallows, Bis-Sarsaparilla, Satyrion, male and female, White
tort, Borrage, Briony,white and black, Bugloss, Saxifrage, Squills, Figwort, Scorzonera, Eng-
garden and wild. Calamus Aromaticus, Our lish and Spanish, Virginian Snake weed, Solo-
Lady's thistles, Avens, Coleworts, Centaury the mon's Seat, Cicers, stinking Gladon, Devil's bit,
less. Onions, Chameleon, white and black. Dandelion, Thapsus, Tormentil, Turbith, Colts-
Celandine, Pilewort, China, Succory, Arti-foot, Valerian, greater and lesser, Vervain,
chokes. Virginian Snakeroot, Comfry greater Swallow-wort, Nettles, Zedoary long and round,
and lesser. Contra yerva, Costus, sweet and Ginger.
bitter. Turmerick, wild Cucumbers, Sowbread, Culpeper.] These be the roots the col-
Hound's-tongue, Cypres, long and round. lege hath named, and but only named, and
Toothwort, white Dittany, Doronicum, Dra- in this order I have set them down. It
gons, Woody Nightshade, Vipers Bugloss, seems the college holds a strange opinion,
Smallage, Hellebore, white and black, Endive, viz. That it would do an Englishman a
Elicampane, Eringo, Colts-foot, Fearn, male mischief to know what the herbs in his
and female, Filipendula or Drop-wort, Fennel, garden are good for.
white Dittany, Galanga, great and small
, But my opinion is, that those herbs,
Gentian, Liquorice, Dog-grass, Hermodactils
. { roots, plants, &c. which grow near a man,
Swallow wort, Jacinth, Henbane, Jallap, are far better and more congruous to his
Master-wort, Orris or Flower-de-luce, both nature than any outlandish rubbish what-
English and Florentine, sharp pointed Dock, soever, and this I am able to give a reason
Burdock greater and lesser, Lovage, Privet, į of to any that shall demand it of
white Lilies, Liquorice, Mallows, Mechoacan, fore I am so copious in handling of them,
Jallap, Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bet, sweet you shall observe them ranked in this order
me, there

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
257
1. The temperature of the roots, herbs, Hot in the fourth degree. Garlick, Onions,
flowers, &c. viz. Hot, cold, dry, moist, Leeks, Pellitory of Spain.
together with the degree of each quality. Roots temperate in respect of heat, are
2. What part of the body each root, Bear's breech, Sparagus, our Lady's Thistle,
herb, flower, is appropriated to, viz. head, Eringo, Jallap, Mallows, Mechoacan, gar-
thrpat, breast, heart, stomach, liver, spleen, den Parsnips, Cinquefoil, Tormentil.
bowels, reins, bladder, womb, joints, and Roots cold in the first degree. Sorrel,
in those which heat those places, and Beets, white and red, Comfrey the greater,
which cool them.
Plantain, Rose Root, Madder.
3. The property of each simple, as they Cold in the second degree. Alcanet, Daisies,
bind, open, mollify, harden, extenuate, Succory, Hound's tongue, Endive, Jacinth
discuss, draw out, suppure, cleanse, gluti- Cold in the third degree. Bistort and
nate, break wind, breed seed, provoke or Mandrakes are cold in the third degree,
stop the menses, resist poison, abate swell- and Henbane in the fourth.
ings, ease pain.
Roots dry in the first degree. Bears-breech,
This I intend shall be my general method | Burdocks, Redbeets, Calamus Aromaticus,
throughout the simples, which, having Pilewort, Self-heal, Endive, Eringo, Jacinth,
finished I shall give you a paraphrase ex- Madder, Kneeholly.
plaining these terms, which rightly con- Dry in the second degree. Waterflag,
sidered, will be the key of Galen's way of Marshmallows, Alkanet, Smallage, Reeds,
administering physic.
Sorrel, Swallow-wort, Asphodel male, Bazil,
Valerian and Spatling Poppy, according to
Temperature of the Roots.
the opinion of the Greeks. Our Lady's
Roots hot in the first degree. Marsh-mal- Thistles, Avens, Succory, Hound's tongue .
lows, Bazil, Valerian, Spattling, Poppy, Cypress long and round, Fennel, Lovage,
Burdocks, Borrage, Bugloss, Calamus Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bit, Butter-bur,
Aromaticus, Avens, Pilewort, China, Self- Parsley, Plantain, Zedoary.
heal, Liquorice, Dog-grass, white Lilies, Dry in the third degree. Angelica, Aron,
Peony, male and female, wild Parsnips, Birthwort, long and round, Sowbread, Bis-
Parsley, Valerian, great and small, Knee- } tort, Asarabacca, Briony white and black,
holly, Satyrion, Scorzonera, Skirrets. Carline Thistle, China, Sallendine, Virginian
Hot in the second degree. Water-flag, Reeds, Snake-root, white Dittany, Doronicum,
Swallow-wort, Asphodel
, male, Carline Hellebore white and black, Elicampane,
Thistle, Cypress, long and round, Fennel
, Fillipendula, Galanga greater and lesser,
Lovage, Spignel, Mercury, Devil's bit, But- Masterwort, Orris, English and Florentine,
ter Bur, Hog's Fennel, Sarsaparilla, Squils, Restharrow, Peony male and female, Cin-
quefoil, Hog's Fennel, Sarsaparilla, stink-
Hot in the third degree. Angelica, Aron, ing Gladen, Tormentil, Ginger.
Birthwort long and round, Sowbread, Dry in the fourth degree. Garlick, Onions,
Asarabacca, Briony, white and black, Sal- Costus, Leeks, Pellitory of Spain.
lendine, Virgianian snakeroot, Hemeric, Roots moist are, Bazil, Valerian, and
White Dittany, Doronicum, Hellebore, Spatling-poppy, according to the Arabian
white and b'ack, Elicar pane, Fillipendula, Physicians, Daisies, white Beets, Borrage,
Galanya greater and lesser, Masterwort, Bugloss, Liquorice, Dog grass, Mallows,
Orris English and Florentine, Restharrow, Satyrion, Scorzonera, Parsnips, Skirrets.
stinking Gladen, Turbith, Ginger
Zedoary.

258
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Roots appropriated to several parts of the body. explanation of the terms, and I suppose by
simples may be found out the ensuing
Heat the head. Doronicum, Fennel, that means they were found out at first;
Jallap, Mechoacan, Spikenard, Celtic and and although I hate a lazy student from
Indian. Peony male and female.
my heart, yet to encourage young students
Neck and throat. Pilewort, Devil's bit. in the art, I shall quote the .chie of them:
Breast and lungs. Birthwort long and I desire all lovers of physic to compare
round, Elicampane, Liquorice, Orris Eng- them with the explanation of these rules,
lish and Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, so shall they see how they agree, so may
Cinquefoil, Squills.
they be enabled to find out the properties
Heart. Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, of all simples to their own benefit in physic.
Carline Thistle, Doronicum, Butter bur, Roots, bind. Cypress, Bistort, Tormen-
Scorzonera, Tormentil, Zedoary, Bazil, ſtil, Cinquefoil, Bear's breech, Water-flag,
Valerian white and red.
Alkanet, Toothwort, &c.
Stomach. Elicampane, Galanga greater
Discuss. Birthwort, Asphodel, Briony,
and lesser, Spikenard, Celtic and Indian, Capers, &c.
Ginger, Fennel, Avens, Raddishes.
Cleanse. Birthwort, Aron, Sparagus,
Bowels. Valerian great and small, Grass, Asphodel, Celandine, &c.
Zedoary, Ginger.
Open. Asarabacca, Garlic, Leeks, Onions,
Liver. Smallage, Carline Thistle, Sullen- Rhapontick, Turmerick, Carline Thistle,
dine, China, Turmerick, Fennel, Gentian, Succory, Endive, Fillipendula, Fennel
,
Dog-grass, Cinquefoil, Parsley, Smallage, Parsly, Bruscus, Sparagus, Smallage, Gen-
Asparagus, Rhubarb, Rhapontic, Kneeholly. tian, &c.
Spleen. Smallage, Carline Thistle, Fern Extenuate. Orris English and Floren-
male and female, Parsley, Water-flag, tine, Capers, &c.
Asparagus, round Birthwort, Fennel,Capers, Burn. Garlick, Onions, Pellitory of
Ash, Gentian.
Spain, &c.
Reinsand Bladder: Marshmallows, Small- Mollify. Mallows, Marshmallows &c.
age, Asparagus, Burdock, Bazil, Valerian, Suppur. Marshmallows, Briony, white
Spatling Poppy, Carline Thistle, China, Lillies, &c.
Cyprus long and round, Fillipendula, Dog Glutinate.
Comfrey, Solomon's Seal,
grass, Spikenard, Celtic and Indian, Parsly, Gentian, Birthwort, Daisies, &c.
Knee-holly, white Saxifrage.
Expel Wind. Smallage, Parsly, Fennel,
Womb. Birthwort long and round, Water-flag, Garlick, Costus, Galanga.
Galanga greater and lesser, Peony male Hog's Fennel, Zedoary, Spikenard Indian,
and female, Hog's Fennel.
and Celtic, &c.
Fundament. Pilewort.
Breed Seed. Waterflag, Eringo, Saty-
Joints. Bear's - breech, Hermodactils, {rian, Galanga, &c.
Jallap, Mecoacan, Ginger, Costus.
Provoke the menses.
Birthwort Asara-
Roots cool the head. Rose root.
bacca, Aron, Waterflag, white Dittany,
Stomach. Sow Thistles, Endive, Succory, Asphodel, Garlick, Centaury the less,
Bistort.
Cyperus long and round, Costus, Capers,
Liver. Madder, Endive, Chicory. Calamus Aromaticus, Dittany of Crete,
Properties of the Roots.
Carrots, Eringo, Fennel, Parsly, Smallage,
Grass, Elicampane, Peony, Valerian, Knee-
Although I confess the properties of the holly, &c.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
259
Stop the menses. Comfrey, Tormentil, convenient liquor, is an excellent remedy
Bistort, &c.
for the scurvy; the powder of it being snuf-
Provoke sweat. Carolina Thistle, China, fed up in the nose, cleanses the head of
Sarsaparilla, &c.
rheum gallantly,
Resist poison. Angelica, Garlick, long The bark of the black Alder tree purges
Birthwort, Smallage, Doronicum, Costus, choler and flegm if you make a decoction
Zedoary, Cyprus, Gentian, Carolina This- with it. Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder,
tle, Bistort, Tormentil, Swallow-wort, Viper's Hops, Endive and Succory roots : Parsly
Bugloss, Elicampane, &c.
and Smallage roots, or you may bruise a
Help burnings. Asphodel, Jacinth, white handful of each of them, and put them in
Lilies, &c.
a gallon of ale, and let them work together:
Ease pains. Waterflag, Eringo, Orris, put the simples into a boulter-bag, and a
Restharrow, &c.
draught, (half a pint, more or less, accord-
Purge choler. Asarabacca, Rhubarb, ing to the age of him that drinks it,) being
Rhapontick, Fern, &c.
drunk every morning, helps the dropsy,
Relieve melancholy. Hellebore, white and jaundice, evil disposition of the body; also
black, Polipodium
helps the rickets, strengthens the liver and
Purge flegm and watery humours. Squills, spleen; makes the digestion good, troubles
Turbith, Hermodactils, Jallap, Mecoacan, not the stomach at all, causes appetite, and
wild Cucumbers, Sowbread, male Asphodel, helps such as are scabby and itchy.
Briony white and black, Elder, Spurge The rest of the barks that are worth the
great and small.
noting, and the virtues of them, are to be
I quoted some of these properties to found in the former part of the book.
teach you the way how to find the rest, Barks are hot in the first degree. Guaja-
which the explanation of these terms will cum, Tamarisk, Oranges, Lemons, Citrons.
give you ample instructions in: I quoted In the second. Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea,
not all because I would fain have you Captain Winter's Cinnamon, Frankincense,
studious: be diligent gentle reader. Capers.
How to use your bodies in, and after In the third. Mace.
taking purges, you shall be taughi by and by. Cold in the first. Oak, Pomegranates.
In the third. Mandrakes.
Barks mentioned by the College are these.
College.] Hazel Nuts, Oranges, Bar-
Appropriated to parts of the body.
berries, Birch-tree, Caper roots, Cassia Lignea, Heat the head. Captain Winter's Cinna-
Chestnuts, Cinnamon, Citron Pills, Dwarf- mon.
Elder, Spurgeroots, Alder, Ash, Pomegranates, The heart. Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea,
Guajacum, İValnut tree, green Walnuts, Laurel
, Citron Pills, Walnuts, Lemon pills, Mace.
Bay, Lemon, Mace, Pomegranates, Man- The stomach. Orange pills, Cassia Lig-
drake roots, Mezereon, Mulberry tree roots, nea, Cinnamon, Citron pills, Lemon pills,
Sloe tree roots, Pinenuts, Fistick-nuts, Poplar Mace, Sassafras.
tree, Oak, Elder, Sassafras, Cork, Tamerisk, The lungs. Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon,
Lime tree, Frankincense, Elm, Capt. Winter's Walnuts.
Cinnamon.
The liver. Barberry-tree, Bay-tree, Cap-
Culpeper.] Of these, Captain Winter's tain Winter's Cinnamon.
Cinnamon, being taken as ordinary spice, The spleen. Caper bark, Ash tree park,
or half a dram taken in the morning in any Bay tree.
3 x
(25, 26.)

260
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
tree.
The reins and bladder. Bay-tree, Sassa- or Alcost, Burdock greater and lesser, Brook-
fras.
lime, or water Pimpernel, Beets white, red, and
The womb. Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon. black, Betony of the wood and water. Daises
Cool the stomach. Pomegranate pills. greater and lesser, Blite, Mercury, Borrage,
Purge choler. The bark of Barberry Oak of Jerusalem, Cabbages, Sodonella, Briony
white and black, Bugloss, Buglesse, Shepherd's
Purge flegm and water. Elder, Dwarf- Purse, Ox-eije, Box leaves, Calaminth of the
Elder, Spurge, Laurel.
Mountains and Fens, Ground Pine, Wood-bine,
or Honey-suckles, Lady-smocks, Marygolds,
Our Lady's Thistle, Carduus Benedictus
,
WOO DS.
Avens, small Spurge, Horse-tail, Coleworts,
Centaury the less, Knotgrass, Cervil
, Ger-
College.] Firr, Wood of Aloes, Rhodium, mander, Camomle, Chamepytis female Southern-
Brazil, Box, Willow, Cypress, Ebony, Guaja- woud, Chelene, Pilewort, Chicory, Hemlock,
cum, Juniper, Lentisk, Nephriticum, Rhodium, garden and sea Scurvy-grass, Fleawort, Com-
Rosemary, Sanders, white, yellow, and red, fry great, middle, or bugle, least or Daisies,
Sassafras, Tamarisk.
Sarasens, Confound, Buck-horn, Plantain,
Of these some are hot. Wood of Aloes, May weed, (or Margweed, as we in Sussex
Rhodium, Box, Ebony, Guajacum, Neph-call it) Orpine, Sampeer, Crosewort, Dodder,
riticum, Rosemary, Sassafras, Tamarisk. Blue Bottle great and small, Artichokes,
Some cold. As Cypress, Willow, Sanders Houndstone, Cypress leaves, Dandelion, Dit-
white, red, and yellow.
tany of Treet, Box leaves, Teazles garden and
Rosemary is appropriated to the head, wild, Dwarf Elder, Viper's Bugloss, Lluelling
wood of Aloes to the heart and stomach, Smallage, Endive, Elecampane, Horsetail
,
Rhodium to the bowels and bladder, Nephri- } Epithimum, Groundsel, Hedge-mustard,
ticum to the liver. spleen, reins and bladder, Spurge, Agrimony, Maudlin, Eye-bright,
Sassafras to the breast, stomach and bladder, Orpine, Fennel, Sampeer, Fillipendula, Indian
Tamarisk to the spleen, Sanders cools the leaf, Strawberry leaves, Ash tree leaves, Fumi-
heart and spirits in fevers.
Story, Goat's Rue, Lady's Bedstraw, Broom,
For the particular virtues of each, see: Muscatu, Herb Robert, Doves Foot, Cotton-
that part of the book preceding.
weed, Hedge Hyssop, Tree Ivy, Ground Ivy,
or Alehoof, Elecampane, Pellitory of the wall
,
Liver-wort, Cowslips, Rupture-wort, Hawk-
weed, Monk's Rhubarb, Alexanders, Clary
H ER BS.
garden and wild, Henbane, St. John's-wort,
College.] Southernwood male and female. Horselongue, or double tongue, Hysop, Sciatica
Wormwood, common, Roman, and such as bear cresses, small Sengreen, Sharewort, Woad,
Wormseed, Sorrel, wood Sorrel, Maiden-hair} Reeds, Schoenanth, Chamepitys, Glasswort,
common, white or wall Rue, black and golden Lettice, Lagobus, Arch-angel, Burdock great
Maudlin, Agremony, Vervain, Mallow, Ladies and small, Lavender, Laurel, Bay leaves,
Mantle, Chickweed, Marshmallows, and Pim-| English and Alexandrian, Duckweed, Dittan-
pernel both male and female, Water Pimpernet, } der, or Pepper-wort, Lovage, Privet, Sea bug,
Dill
, Angelica, Smallage, Goose-grass, or loss, Toad flax, Harts-tongue, sweet Trefoil
,
Cleavers, Columbine, wild Tansie, or Silver Wood-sorrel, Hops, Willow-herb, Marjoram,
Weed, Mugwort, Asarabacca, Woodroofe, common and tree Mallows, Mandrake, Hore-
Arach, Distaff Thistle, Mousear, Costmary, hound white and black, Herb Mastich, Fea-

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
261
therfew, Woodbine, Melilot, Bawm garden and golden Maiden-hair, Woodroof, Bugle,
water, Mints, Horse-mints, Mercury, Mezereon, Goat's Rue, Hart’s-tongue, sweet Trefoil,
Yarrow, Devil's-bit, Moss, sweet Chivil, Mir- Flixweed, Cinquefoil, Trefoil, Paul's Bet-
tle leaves, Garden and water Cresses, Nep, {tony, Lluellin.
Tobacco, Money-wort, Water Lilies, Bazil, Intemperate and hot in the first degree, are
Olive Leaves, Rest-harrow, Adder's Tongue, Agrimony, Marsh-mallows, Goose-grass or
Origanum, sharp-pointed Dock, Poppy, white, Cleavers, Distaff Thistle, Borrage, Bugloss,
black, and red, or Erratick, Pellitory of the or Lady's Thistles, Avens, Cetrach, Chervil,
Wall, Cinquefoil, Ars-smart spotted and not Chamomel, Eyebright, Cowslips, Melilot,
spotted, Peach Leaves, Thoroughwax, Parsley, Bazil, Self-heal.
Hart's Tongue, Valeriak, Mouse-ear, Burnet, In the second. Common and Roman
small Spurge, Plantain common and narrow : Wormwood, Maudlin, Lady’s Mantle,
leaved, Mountain and Cretick Poley, Knot- } Pimpernel male and female, Dill, Smallage,
grass, Golden Maidenhair, Poplar leaves and Mugwort, Costmary, Betony, Oak of Jeru-
buds, Leeks, Purslain, Silverweed, or wild salem, Marigold, Cuckooflowers, Carduus
Tansy, Horehound white and black, Primroses, Benedictus, Centaury the less, Chamepitys,
Self-heal, Field Pellitory, or Sneezewort, Penny- Scurvy-grass, Indian Leaf, Broom, Ale-
royal, Fleabane, Lungwort, Winter-green, hoof,Alexanders, Double-tongue,or Tongue-
Oak leaves and buds, Docks, common rue, blade, Archangel, or dead Nettles, Bay
Wall Rue or white Maidenhair, wild Rue, Leaves, Marjoram, Horehound, Bawm,
Savin, Osier Leaves, Garden Sage the greater Mercury, Devil's-bit, Tobacco, Parsley,
and lesser, Wild Sage, Elder leaves and buds, Poley mountain, Rosemary, Sage, Sanicle,
Marjorum, Burnet, Sanicle, Sopewort, Savory, Scabious, Senna, Soldanella, Tansy, Ver-
White Saxifrage, Scabious, Chicory, Schananth, vain, Perewinkle.
Clary, Scordium, Figwort, Houseleek, or In the third degree. Southernwood niale
Sengreen the greater and lesser, Groundsel, and female, Brooklime, Angelica, Briony
Senna leaves and pods, Mother of Time, Solc- white and black, Calaminth, Germander,
mon's Seal, Alexanders, Nightshade, Solda- Sullendine, Pilewort, Fleabane, Dwarf
nela, Sow-thistles, smooth and rough, Flix- Elder, Epithimun, Bank-cresses, Clary,
weed, common Spike, Spinach, Hawthorn, Glassworl, Lavender, Lovage, Herb Mas-
Devil's-bit, Comfry, Tamarisk leaves, Tansy, tich, leatherfew, Mints, Water-cresses,
Dandelyon, Muillen or Higcaper, Time, Lime Origanum, biting Arsmart, called in Latin
tree leaves, Spurge, Tormentil, common and Hydropiper, (the college confounds this
golden Trefoil
, Wood-sorrel, sweet Trefoil, with Persicaria, or mild Arsmart, which is
Colt's-foot, Valerian, Mullen, Vervain, Paul's cold (Sneezewort, Pennyroyal, Rue, Savin,
Bettony, Lluellin, Violets
, Tansy, Perewinkles, summer and winter Savory, Mother of
Swallow-wort, golden Rod, Vine laves, Mead- Time, Lavender, Spike, Time, Nettles.
sweet, Elm leaves, Naval-wort, Nettles, com- In the fourth degree. Sciatica-cresses,
mon and Roman, Archangel, or dead Nettles
, Stone-crop, Dittany, or Pepper-wort, gar-
white and red.
den-cresses, Leeks, Crowfoot, Rosa Solis,
Culpeper. These be the herbs as the: Spurge.
college set down to look upon, we will Herbs cold in the first degree. Sorrel,
see if we can translate them in another Wood-sorrel, Arach, Burdock, Shepherd's-
form to the benefit of the body of man. purse, Pellitory of the wall, Hawk-weed,
Herbs temperate in respect of heat, are Mallows, Yarrow, mild Arsmart, called
common Maiden-hair, Wall-rue, black and Persicaria, Burnet, Coltsfoot, Violets.

262
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Cold in the second degree. Chickweed, In the fourth degree. Garden-cresses,
wild Tansy, or Silverweed, Daisies, Knot- wild Rue, Łeeks, Onions, Crowfoot, Rosa
grass, Succory, Buck-horn, Plantain, Dan-Solis, Garlic, Spurge.
delyon, Endive, Fumitory, Strawberry Herbs moist in the first degree. Borrage,
leaves, Lettice, Duck-meat, Plantain, Pur- Bugloss, Marigolds, Pellitory of the wall,
slain, Willow leaves,
Mallows, Bazil.
In the third degree. Sengreen, or House- In the fourth degree. Chickweed, Arach,
leek, Nightshade.
Daisies, Lettice, Duckmeat, Purslain, Sow
In the fourth degree. Hemlock, Henbane, Thistles, Violets, Water-lilies.
Mandrakes, Poppies.
Herbs dry in the first degree. Agrimony,
Herbs appropriated to certain parts of the body
Marsh-mallows, Cleavers, Burdocks, Shep-
of man.
herds-purse, our Lady's Thistle, Chervil, Heat the head. Maudlin, Costmary,
Chamomel, Eye-bright, Cowslips, Hawk-Betony, Carduus Benedictus, Sullendine,
weed, Tongue-blade, or double tongue, Scurvy-grass, Eye-bright, Goat's Rue,
Melilot, mild Arsmart, Self-heal, Senna, Cowslips, Lavender, Laurel, Lovage, herb
Flixweed, Coltsfoot, Perewinkle.
Mastich, Feather-few, Melilot, Sneezewort,
Dry in the second degree. Common and Penny-royal, Senna, Mother of Time,
Roman Wormwood, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, Vervain, Rosemary.
Maudlin, Lady's mantle, Pimpernel male Heat the throat. Archangel white and
and female, Dill, Smallage, wild Tansy, red, otherwise called dead Nettles, Devil's-
or Silverweed, Mugwort, Distaff Thistle, bit.
Costmary, Betony, Bugle, Cuckooflowers, Heat the breast. Maiden-hair, white,
Carduus Benedictus, Avens, Centaury the black, common and golden, Distaff Thistle,
less, Chicory, commonly called Succory, Time, Betony, Calaminth, Chamomel,
Scurvy-grass, Buckhorn, Plantain, Dande-Fennel
, Indian-leaf, Bay leaves, Hyssop,
lyon, Endive, Indian Leaf, Strawberry Bawm, Horehound, Oak of Jerusalem, Ger-
leaves, Fumitory, Broom, Alehoof, Alex-mander, Melilot, Origanum, Rue, Sabious,
anders, Archangel, or Dead Nettles, white Periwinkles, Nettles.
and red, Bay Leaves, Marjoram, Feather- Heat the heart. Southernwood male and
few, Bawm, Mercury, Devil's-bit, Tobacco, female, Angelica, Wood-roof, Bugloss,
Parsley, Burnet, Plantain, Rosemary, Wil- Carduus Benedictus, Borrage, Goat's Rue,
low Leaves, Sage, Santicle, Scabious, Sol- Senna, Bazil, Rosemary, Elecampane.
danella, Vervain.
Heat the stomach. Wormwood common
Dry in the third degree. Southernwood, and Roman, Smallage, Avens, Indian leaf,
male and female, Brooklime, Angelica, Broom, Schenanth, Bay leaves, Bawm,
Briony, white and black, Calamint, Ger- Mints, Parsley, Fennel, Time, Mother of
mander, Chamepitys, Selandine, Pilewort, Time, Sage.
Fleabane, Epithinum, Dwarf-Elder, Bank Heat the liver.
Agrimony, Maudlin,
cresses, Clary, Glasswort, Lavender, Lovage Pimpernel, male and female, Smallage,
Horehound, Herb Mastic, Mints, Water- Costmary, or Ale cost, our Lady's Thistles
,
cresses, Origanu., Cinquefoil, hot Arsmart, Centaury the less, Germander, Čhamepytis,
Poley mountain, Sneezewort, Penny-royal, Selandinc, Sampier, Fox Gloves, Ash-tree
Rue, or herb of Grace, Savin winter and leaves, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Hore-
summer Savory, Mother of Time, Laven-hound, Water-cresses, Parsley, Poley
der, Silk, Tansy, Time, Trefoil.
Mountain, Sage, Scordium, Senna, Mother

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
263
of Time, Soldanella, Asarabacca, Fennel, Strawberry leaves, and Water-Lilies.
Hyssop, Spikenard.
Stomach. Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Succory,
Heat the bowels. Chamomel, Alehoofe, { Orpine, Dandelyon, Endive, Strawberry
Alexanders.
leaves, Hawkweed, Lettice, Purslain, Sow
Heat the spleen. All the four sorts of} Thistles, Violet leaves.
Maiden-hair, Agrimony, Smallage, Cen- Liver. Sorrel, Woodsorrel, Dandelyon,
taury the less, Cetrach, Germander, Chame- } Endive, Succory, Strawberry leaves, Fumi-
pitys, Samphire, Fox-glove, Epithimum, tory, Liverwort, Lettice, Purslain, Night-
Ash-tree, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, shade, Water Lilies.
Horehound, Parsley, Poley, Mountain Sage, Bowels. Fumitory, Mallows, Buckthorn,
Scordium, Senna, Mother of Time, Tamarisk, Plantain, Orpine, Plantain, Burnet.
Wormwood, Water-cresses, Hart's-tongue. Spleen. Fumitory, Endive, Succory,
Heat the reins and bladder. Agrimony, Lettice.
Maudlin, Marsh-mallows, Pimpernel male Reins and bladder. Knotgrass, Mallows,
and female, Brooklime, Costmary, Bettony, } Yarrow, Moneywort, Plantain, Endive,
Chervil, Germander, Chamomel, Samphire, Succory, Lettice, Purslain, Water Lilies,
Broom, Rupture-wort, Clary, Schenanth, Houseleek or Sengreen.
Bay-leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Melilot, The womb. Wild Tansy, Arrach, Bur-
Water-cresses, Origanum, Pennyroyal, docks, Willow herb, Mirtle leaves, Money-
Scordium, Vervain, Mother of Time, Rocket, wort, Purslain, Sow Thistles, Endive,
Spikenard, Saxifrage, Nettles.
Succory, Lettice, Water Lilies, Sengreen.
Heat the womb. Maudlin, Angelica, The joints. Willow leaves, Vine leaves,
Mugwort, Costmary, Calaminth, Flea-bane, } Lettice, Henbane, Nightshade, Sengreen or
May-weed, Ormarg-weed, Dittany of Crete, Houseleek.
Schenanth, Arch-angel or Dead Nettles, Herbs altering according to property, in ope-
Melilot, Feather-few, Mints, Devil's-bit,
ration, some bind, as
Origanum, Bazil, Pennyroyal, Savin,
Sage, Scordium, Tansy, Time, Vervain, Amomus, Agnus Castus, Shepherd's
Periwinkles, Nettles.
purse, Cypress, Horsetail, Ivy, Bay leaves,
Heat the joints. Cowslips, Sciatica-cresses, Melilot, Bawm, Mirtles, Sorrel, Plantain,
hot Arsmart, Garden-cresses, Costmary, Knot-grass, Comfiry, Cinquefoil, Fleawort,
Agrimony, Chamomel, Saint John's-wort, Purslain, Oak leaves, Willow leaves, Sen-
Melilot, Water-cresses, Rosemary, Rue, green or Houseleek, &c.
Sage Stechas.
Open, as, Garlick, Onions, Wormwood,
Herbs cooling the head. Wood-sorrel, { Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the
Teazles, Lettice, Plantain, Willow-leaves, Wall, Endive, Succory, &c.
Sengreen or Houseleek, Strawberry-leaves, Soften. Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Beets,
Violet-leaves, Fumitory, Water Lilies. Pellitory of the Wall, Violet leaves, Straw-
Cool the throat. Orpine, Strawberry berry leaves, Arrach, Cypress leaves, Bay
leaves, Privet, Bramble leaves.
leaves, Fleawort, &c!
Breast.
Mulberry leaves, Bramble Harden. Purslain, Nightshade, House-
leaves, Violet leaves, Strawberry leaves, leek or Sengreen, Duckmeat, and most
Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, Poppies, Orpine, { other herbs that are very cold.
Moneywort, Plantain, Colt's-foot.
Extenuate. Mugwort, Chamomel, Hysop,
Heart. Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Viper's Pennyroyal Stoechas, Time, Mother of'i'ime,
Bugloss, Lettice, Burnet, Violet leaves, Juniper, &c.
(27, 28.)
3 Y

264
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
SED
Discuss. Southernwood male and female, St. John's Wort, Marjoram, Horehound
all the four sorts of Maidenhair, Marsh- Bawm, Water-cresses, Origanum, Bazi,
mallows, Dill, Mallows, Arrach, Beets, Pennyroyal, Poley mountain, Parsley, Small
Chamomel, Mints, Melilot, Pelitory of the age, Rue, Rosemary, Sage, Savin, Hartwort,
Wall, Chickweed, Rue, Stæchas, Marjoram. Time, Mother of Time, Scordium, Nettles.
Draw. Pimpernel, Birthwort, Dittany, Stop the terms. Shepherd's purse, Straw-
Leeks, Onions, Garlick, and also take this berries, Mirtles, Water Lilies, Plantain
general rule, as all cold things bind and Houseleek or Sengreen, Comfry, Knotgrass.
harden, so all things very hot are drying. Resist poison. Southernwood, Worm-
Suppure. Mallows, Marsh-mallows, White wood, Garlick, all sorts of Maiden hair,
Lily leaves, &c.
Smallage, Bettony, Carduus Benedictus,
Cleanse. Pimpernel, Southernwood, } Germander, Calaminth, Alexanders, Car-
Sparagus, Cetrach, Arrach, Wormwood, line Thistle, Agrimony, Fennel, Juniper,
Beet, Pellitory of the Wall, Chamepitis, Horehound, Origanum, Pennyroyal, Poley-
Dodder, Liverwort, Horehound, Willow į mountain, Rue, Scordium, Plantain.
leaves, &c.
Discuss swellings. Maiden-hair, Cleavers,
Glutinate. Marsh-mallows, Pimpernel, or Goosegrass, Mallows, Marsh-mallows,
Centaury, Chamepitis, Mallows, Germander, Docks, Bawm, Water-cresses, Cinquefoil,
Horsetail, Agrimony, Maudlin, Strawberry Scordium, &c.
leaves, Woad-chervil, Plantain, Cinquefoil, Ease pain. Dil, Wormwood, Arach,
Comfry, Bugle, Self-heal, Woundwort, Chamomel
, Calaminth, Chamepitis, Hen-
Tormentil, Rupture-wort, Knot-grass, bane, Hops, Hog's Fennel, Parsley, Rose-
Tobacco.
mary, Rue, Marjoram, Mother of ſ'ime.
Expel wind. Wormwood, Garlick, Dill,
Herbs Purging.
Smaliage, Chamomel, Epithimum, Fennel,
Juniper, Marjoram, Origanum, Savory both Choler. Groundsel, Hops, Peach leaves,
winterand summer. Tansy is good to cleanse Wormwood, Centaury, Mallows, Senna.
the stomach and bowels of rough viscous Melancholy. Ox-eye, Epithimum, Fumi.
flegm, and humours that stick to them, tory, Senna, Dodder.
which the flegmatic constitution of the Flegm and water. Briony, white and
winter usually infects the body of man with, black, Spurge, both work most violently
and occasions gouts and other diseases of and are not fit for a vulgar use, Dwarf
like nature and lasting long. This was the Elder, Hedge Hyssop, Laurel leaves, Mer-
original of that custom to eat Tansys in the cury, Mezereon also purges violently, and
spring; the herb may be made into a con- so doth Sneezewort, Elder leaves, Senna.
serve with sugar, or boil it in wine and drink For the particular operations of these, as
the decoction, or make the juice into a syrup also how to order the body after purges, the
with
sugar,
which you will.
quantity to be taken at a time, you have
Herbs breed seed, Clary, Rocket, and been in part instructed already, and shali
most herbs that are hot and moist, and be more fully hereafter.
breed wind.
Provoke the terms. Southernwood, Gar-
lick, all the sorts of Maiden hair, Mugwort,
FLOWERS.
Wormwood, Bishops-weed, Cabbages, Bet-
bony, Centaury, "Chamomel, Calaminth, College.] Wormwood, Agnus Castus,
Germander, Dodder, Dittany, Fennel
, Amaranthus, Dill, Rosemary, Columbines,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
265
Orrenges, Balaustins, or Pomegranate Flowers, Epithimum, Winter-gilliflowers, or Wall-
Bettony, Borrage, Bugloss, Marigolds, Wood-flowers, Woodbine, or Honey-suckles.
bine or Honey-suckles, Clove Gilliflowers, Cen- Cold in the first degree. Mallows, Roses,
taury the less, Chamomel, Winter Gilliflowers, red, white, and damask Violets.
Succory, Comfry the greater, Saffron, Blue- In the second. Anemom, or Wind-flower,
bottle great and small, (Synosbatus, Tragus, Endive, Succory, Water-lilies, both white
and Dedonæus hold our white thorn to be it, and yellow.
Cordus and Marcelus think it to be Bryars,
In the third. Balaustins, or Pomegranate
Lugdunensis takes it for the sweet Bryar, flowers.
but what our College takes it for, I know not) In the fourth. Henbane, and all the sorts
Cytinus, (Dioscorides calls the flowers of the of Poppies, only whereas authors say, field
Manured Pomegranates, Cytinus, but Pliny Poppies, which some call red, others erratick
calls the flowers of the wild kind by that name,); and corn Roses, are the coldest of all the
Fox-glove, Viper's Bugloss, Rocket, Eye-others; yet my opinion is, that they are
bright, Beans, Fumitory, Broom, Cowslips, not cold in the fourth degree.
St. John's Wort, Hysop, Jessamine or Shrub, Moist in the first degree. Borrage, Bug-
Trefoil, Archangel, or Dead Nettles white loss, Mallows, Succory, Endive.
and red, Lavender, Wall-flowers, or Winter- In the second. Water-lilies, Violets.
Gilliflowers, Privet, Lilies white, and of the Dry in the first degree. Ox-eye, Saffron,
valley, Hops, Common and tree Mallows,'} Chamomel, Melilot, Roses.
Feather-fer, Woodbine, or Honey-suckles. In the second. Wind-flower, Amomus,
Melilot, Bawin, Walnuts, Water-Lilies white Clove-gilliflowers, Rocket, Lavender, Hops,
and yellow, Origanum, Poppies white and red,} Peony, Rosemary, Spikenard.
or Erraticks, Poppies, or corn Roses, so called In the third. Woodbine, or Honey-
because they grow amongst Corn, Peony, {suckles, Balaustines, Epithimum, German
Honey-suckles, or Woodbine, Peach-flowers,lı der, Chamepitis.
Primroses, Self-heal, Sloebush, Rosemary The temperature of any other flowers not
flowers, Roses, white, damask and red, Sage, here mentioned are of the same temperature
Elder, white Saxifrage, Scabious, Siligo, (I with the herbs, you may gain skill by
think they mean wheat by it, Authors are not i searching there for them, you can loose
agreed about it) Steches, Tamarisk, Tansy, none.
Mullen or Higtaper. Limetree, Clove Gilli- For the parts of the body, they are appropriated
flowers, Colt's-foot, Violets, Agnus Castus,
Dead Nettles white and red.
to, some heat
Culpeper.] That these may be a little The head; as, Rosemary flowers, Self-
explained for the public good : be pleased heal, Chamomel, Bettony, Cowslips, Laver-
to take notice.
der, Melilot, Peony, Sage, Stochas.
Some are hot in the first degree, as Borrage, The breast. Bettony, Bavm, Scabious,
Bugloss, Bettony, Ox-eye, Melilot, Cha-Schoenanth.me
momel, Stoechas.
The heart. Bawm, Rosemary flowers,
Hot in the second degree. Amomus, Saf- Borrage, Bugloss, Saffron, Spikenard.
fron, Clove-gilliflowers, Rocket, Bawm, The
stomach. Rosemary-flowers, Spike-
Spikenard, Hops, Schenanth, Lavender, nard, Schoenanthome
Jasmine, Rosemary
The liver. Centaury, Schananth, Elder,
In the third degree: Agnus Castus, Bettony, Chamomel, Špikenard.

266
CT THE COMPLETE HERBAL
The spleen. Bettony, Wall-flowers.
Flowers purge choler. Peach flowers
The reins and bladder. Bettony, Marsh Damask Roses, Violets.
mallows, Melilot, Schoenanth, Spikenard. Flegm. Broom flowers, Elder flowers,
The womb. Bettony, Squinanth or Sche- If you compare but the quality of the
nanth, Sage, Orris or Flower-de-luce. flowers with the herbs, and with the expla-
The joints. Rosemary-flowers, Cowslips, nation of these terms at the latter end, you
Chamomel, Melilot.
may easily find the temperature and pro-
Flowers, as they are cooling, so they cool
perty of the rest.
The flowers of Ox-eye being boiled into
The head. Violets, Roses, the three sorts 'a poultice with a little barley meal, takeaway
of Poppies, and Water-lilies.
swellings and hardness of the flesh, being
The breast and heart. Violets, Red Roses, applied warm to the place.
Water-lilies. She
Chamomel flowers heat, discuss, loosen
The stomach. Red Roses, Violets. and rarify, boiled in Clysters, they are ex-
The liver and spleen. Endive, and Suecory, cellent in the wind cholic, boiled in wine,
Violets, Borrage, and Bugloss, moisten and the decoction drunk, purges the reins,
the heart, Rosemary-flowers, Bawm and break the stone, opens the pores, cast out
Bettony, dry it.
choleric humours, succours the heart, and
According to property, so they bind.
eases pains and aches, or stiffness coming
by travelling.
Balaustins, Saffron, Succory, Endive, The flowers of Rocket used outwardly,
red-roses, Melilot, Bawm ,Clove-gilliflowers, discuss swellings, and dissolve hard tumors,
Agnus Castus,
you may boil them into a poultice, but in-
Discuss. Dill, Chamomel, Marsh-mallows, wardly taken they send but unwholesome
Mallows, Melilot, Stochas, &c. {vapours up to the head.
Cleanse. Damask-roses, Elder flowers, Hops open obstructions of the bowels,
Bean flowers, &c.
liver, and spleen, they cleanse, the body of
Extenuate. Orris, or Flower-de-luce, choler and flegm, provoke urine.
Chamomel, Melilot, Stochas, &c.
Jasmine flowers boiled in oil, and the
Mollify. Saffron, white Lilies, Mallows, grieved place bathed with it, takes away
Marsh-mallows, &c.
cramps and stitches in the sides.
Suppure Saffron, white Lilies, &c. The flowers of Woodbine, or Honey-
Glutinate. Balaustines, Centaury, &c. suckles, being dryed and beaten into pow-
Provoke the terms. Bettony, Centaury, der, and a dram taken in white wine in the
Chamomel, Schoenanth, Wall-flowers, Bawm morning, helps the rickets, difficulty of
Peony, Rosemary, Sage.
te breathing; provoke urine, and help the
Stop the terms. Balaustines, or Pome- stranguary.
granate flowers, Water Lilies.
The flowers of Mallows being bruised and
Expel wind. Dill, Chamomel, Schoenanth, boiled in honey (two ounces of the flowers
Spikenard.
is sufficient for a pound of honey; and
Help burning's. White Lilies, Mallows, having first clarified the honey before you
Marsh-mallows.
put them in) then strained out; this honey
Resist poison. Bettony, Centaury. taken with a liquorice stick, is an excellent
Ease pain. Dill, Chamomel, Centaury, remedy for Coughs, Asthmas, and, con-
Melilot, Rosemary.
sumptions of the lungs

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
267
Capers, Nutmegs, dry Walnuts, dry Hazel
Nuts, Fistick Nuts,
FRUITS.
In the third degree. Juniper Berries,
Cloves, Carpobalsamum, Cubebs, Anacar-
College.] Winter-cherries, Love Apples, dium, bitter Almonds.
Almonds sweet and bitter, Anacardia, Oranges, In the fourth degree. Pepper, white, black
Hazel Nuts, the oily Nut Ben, Barberries, and long, Guinny Pepper.
Capers, Guinny Pepper, Figs, Carpobalsamum, Cold in the first degree. The flesh of
Cloves, Cassia Fistula, Chestnuts, Cherries Citrons, Quinces, Pears, Prunes, &c.
black and red, Cicers, white, black and red, In the second. Gourds, Cucumbers,
Pome Citrons, Coculus Indi, Colocynthis, Cur- Melons, Pompions, Oranges, Lemons,
rants, Cornels or Cornelian Cherries, Cubebs, Citrons, Pomegranates, viz. the juice of
Cueumbers garden and wild, Gourds, Cynos- them, Peaches, Prunes, Galls, Apples.
batus, Cypress, Cones, Quinces, Dates, Dwarf- In the third. Mandrakes.
Elder, Green Figs, Strawberries, common and In the fourth. Stramonium.
Turkey Galls, Acorns, Acorn Cups, Pome- Moist in the first degree. The flesh of
granates, Gooseberries, Ivy, Herb True-Love, Citrons, Lemons, Oranges, viz. the inner
Walnuts, Jujubes, Juniper berries, Bayberries, rhind which is white, the outer rhind is hot
Lemons, Oranges, Citrons, Quinces, Pome- In the second, Gourds, Melons, Peaches,
granates, Lemons, Mandrakes, Peaches, Prunes, &c.
Stramonium, Apples, garden and wild, 01 Dry in the
first degree. Juniper Berries.
Crabs and Apples, Musk Melons, Medlars In the second. The Nut Ben, Capers,
Mulberries, Myrobalans, Bellericks, Chebs, Pears, Fistick Nuts, Pine Nuts, Quinces,
Emblicks, Citron and Indian, Mirtle; Berries, Nutmegs, Bay berries.
water Nuts, Hazel Nuts, Chestnuts, Cypress In the third. Cloves, Galls, &c.
Nuts, Walnuts, Nutmegs,' Fistick Nuts,
In the fourth. All sorts of pepper.
Vomiting Nuts, Olives pickled in brine, Heads As appropriated to the body of Man, so they
of white and black Poppies, Pompions, Peaches,
heat the head : as
French or Kidney Beans, Pine, Cones, white
black, and long Pepper, Fistick Nuts, Apples Anacardia, Cubebs, Nutmegs.
and Crabs, Prunes, French and Damask, Sloes, The breast. Bitter Almonds, Dates,
Pears, English Currants, Berries of Purging Cubebs, Hazel Nuts, Pine Nuts, Figs,
Thorn, black · Berries, Raspberries, Elder 'Raisins of the sun, Jujubes.
berries, Sebastens, Services, or Checkers, Haw- The heart. Walnuts, Nutmegs, Juniper
thorn berries, Pine Nuts, Water Nuts, Grapes, berries.
Gooseberries, Raisins, Currants.
The stomach. Sweet · Almonds, Cloves,
Culpeper.] That you may reap benefit Ben, Juniper berries, Nutmegs, Pine Nuts,
by these, be pleased to consider, that they Olives.
are some of them
The spleen. Capers.
Temperate in respect of heat. Raisins of The reins and bladder. Bitter Almonds,
the sun, Currants, Figs, Pine Nuts, Dates, Juniper Berries, Cubebs, Pine Nuts, Raisins
of the sun.
Hot in the first degree. Sweet Almonds, The womb. Walnuts, Nutmegs, Bay-
Jujubes, Cypress Nuts, green Hazel Nuts, berries, Juniper berries.
green Walnuts.
Cool the breast. Sebastens, Prunes,
Hot in the second degree. The Nut Ben, Oranges, Lemons.
Sebastens.
(27, 28.)
3 Z

268
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
The, heart. Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Myrobalans of all sorts, especially Chebs;
Pomegranates, Quinces, Pears.
Bellericks and Emblicks, purge flegm very
The stomach. Quinces, Citruls, Cucumbers, gently, and without danger.
Gourds, Musk Melons, Pompions, Cherries, Of all these give me leave to commend
Gooseberries, Cornelian Cherries, Lemons, only one to you as of special concernment,
Apples, Medlars, Oranges, Pears, English which is Juniper berries.
Currants, Cervices or Checkers.
The liver. Those that cool the stomach
and Barberries.
S E E D S.
The reins and womb. Those that cool the
stomach, and Strawberries.
College.] Sorrel, Agnus Castus, Marsh
mallows, Bishop's weed true and common,
By their several operations, some Amomus, Dill, Angellica, Annis, Rose-seed,
Bind. As the berries of Mirtles, Bar- Oats, Oranges, Burdocks, Bazil, Barberries,
Smällage, Columbines, Sparagus, Arach,
berries, Chestnuts
, Cornels, or Cornelian Cotton, Bruscus or Knee-holly, Hemp, Carda-
Cherries, Quinces, Galls, Acorns, Acorn-
cups, Medlars, Checkers or Cervices, Pome-
moms greater and lesser, Carduus Benedictus,
granates, Nutmegs, Olives, Pears, Peaches, our Lady's Thistles, Bastard, Saffron, Cara-
Discuss. Capers, all the sorts of Pepper. Onions, the Kernels of Cherry stones
, Chervil
,
way, Spurge greater and lesser, Coleworts,
Extenuate
. Sweet and bitter Almonds, Succory, Hemlock, Citrons, Citruls, Garden
Bayberries, Juniper berries.
Glutinate
. Acorns, Acorn Cups, Dates, Cucumbers garden and wild, Gourds, Quinces,
Scuroy-grass, Colocynthis, Coriander, Samphire,
Raisins of the sun, Currants.
Expel Wind. Bay berries, Juniper ber- English, and cretish, Dwarf-Elder, Endive,
Cummin, Cynosbatus, Date-stones, Carrot :
ries, Nutmegs, all the sorts of Pepper.
Rocket, Hedge Mustard, Orobus, Beans, Fennel,
Breed seed. Raisins of the sun, sweet Fenugreek, Ash-tree keys, Fumitory, Brooms,
Almonds, Pine Nuts, Figs, &c.
Provoke urine. Winter Cherries.
Grains of Paradise, Pomegranates, wild Rue,
Provoke the terms. Ivy berries, Capers, &c.
Alexanders, Barley, white Henbane, St. John's
Stop the terms. Barberries, &c.
Wort, Hyssop, Lettice, Sharp-pointed-Dock,
Resist poison. Bay berries, Juniper ber- Spurge, Laurel, Lentils
, Lovage, Lemons,
ries, Walnuts, Citrons, commonly called well, Darnel, Sweet Trefor!, Lupines, Master-
Ash-tree-keys, Linseed, or Flawweed, Grom-
Pome Citrons, all the sorts of Pepper.
Ease pain. Bay berries, Juniper berries, Medlars, Mezereon, Gromwell, sweet Navete
wort, Marjoram, Mallows, Mandrakes, Melons,
Ivy berries, Figs, Walnuts, Raisins, Cur- Nigella, the kernels of Cherries, Apricots, and
rants, all the sorts of Pepper.
Peaches, Bazil, Orobus, Rice, Panick, Poppies
Fruits purging.
white and black, Parsnips garden and wild,
Thorough War, Parsley, English and Mace-
Choler. Cassia Fistula, Citron Myro- }donian, Burnet, Pease, Plantain, Peony, Leeks,
balans, Prunes, Tamarinds, Raisins. Purslain,
Fleawort, Turnips, Radishes, Sumach
Melancholy. Indian Myrobalans. Spurge, Roses, Rue, garden and wild, Torm-
Flegm. Colocynthis and wild Cucumbers } seed, Saxifrage, Succory, Sesami, Hartwort,
purge violently, and therefore not rashly to common and cretish, Mustard-seed, Alexanders
,
be meddled withal: I desire my book should Nightshade, Steves Ager, Sumach, Treacle,
be beneficial, not hurtful to the vulgar, but Mustard, sweet Trefoil, Wheat, both the fine

AND ENG'LISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
269
flour and the bran, and that which starch is The stomach. Annis, Bishop's weed,
made of, Vetches or Tares, Violets, Nettles, Amomus, Smallage, Cummin, Cardamoms,
common and Roman, the stones of Grapes, Cubebs, Grains of Paradise.
Greek Wheat, or Spelt Wheat.
The liver. Annis, Fennel, Bishop's weed,
Culpeper.] That you may receive a little Amomus, Smallage, Sparagus, Cummin,
more benefit by these, than the bare reading Caraway, Carrots.
of them, which doth at the most but tell The spleen. Annis, Caraway, Water-
you what they are; the following method { cresses.
may instruct you what they are good for. The reins and bladder. Cicers, Rocket,
Seeds are hot in the first degree.
Saxifrage, Nettles, Gromwell.
The womb. Peony, Rue.
Linseed, Fenugreek, Coriander, Rice, The joints. Water-cresses, Rue, Mustard-
Gromwell, Lupines.
seed, .
In the second. Dill, Smallage, Orobus, Cool the head. Lettice, Purslain, white
Rocket, Bazil, Nettles.
Poppies.
In the third. Bishop's Weed, Annis, The breast. White Poppies, Violets.
Amomus, Carraway, Fennel, (and so I The heart. Orange, Lemon, Citron
believe Smallage too, let authors say what and Sorrel seeds.
they will, for if the herb of Smallage beLastly, the four greater and four lesser cold
somewhat hotter than Parsley; I know seeds, which you may find in the beginning
little reason why the seed should not be so of the compositions, as also the seed of white
hot) Cardamoms, Parsley, Cummin, Carrots, and black Poppies cool the liver and spleen,
Nigella, Navew, Hartwort, Staves Ager. reins and bladder, womb and joints.
In the fourth. Water-cresses, Mustard-
According to operation some seeds
seed.
Cold in the first degree. Barley, &c. Bind, as Rose-seeds, Barberries, Shep-
In the second. Endive, Lettice, Purslain, herd's purse, Purslain, &c.
Succory, Gourds, Cucumbers, Melons, Discuss. Dill, Carrots, Linseeds, Fenu-
Citruls, Pompions, Sorrel, Nightshade. greek, Nigella, &c.
In the third. Henbane, Hemlock, Pop- Cleanse. Beans, Orobus, Barley, Lupines,
pies white and black.
Nettles, &c.
Moist in the
first degree. Mallows, &c. Mollify. Linseed, or Flax seed, Fenu-
Dry in the first degree. Beans, Fennel, greek seed, Mallows, Nigella.
Fenugreek, Barley, Wheat, &c.
Harden. Purslain seed, &c.
In the second. Orobus, Lentils, Rice, Suppure. Linseed, Fenugreek seed, Dar-
Poppies, Nightshade, and the like nel, Barley husked, commonly called French
In the third. Dill, Smallages, Bishop's Barley.
Weed, Annis, Caraway, Cummin, Cori- Glutinate. Orobus, Lupines, Darnel, &c,
ander, Nigella, Gromwell, Parsley.
Expel wind. Annis, Dill, Smallage,
Appropriated to the body of man, and so they Parsley, Hartwort, Wormseed.
Caraway, Cummin, Carrots, Fennel, Nigella,
Heat the head. Fennel, Marjoram, Peony,
Breed seed. Rocket, Beans, Cicers, Ash-
os
tree keys.
The breast. Nettles.
Provoke the menses. Amomus, Sparagus,
The heart. Bazil, Rue, &c. Mustard Annis, Fennel, Bishop's weed, Cicers, Car-
seed, &c.
boz rots, Smallage, Parsley, Lovage, Hartwort,
&c.

270
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Break the stone. Mallows, Marsh-mal-
lows, Gromwell, &c. S
Concrete Juices, or Juices made thick, are either
Stop the terms. Rose seeds, Cummin, Temperate, as, Juice of Liquorice, white
Burdock, &c.
starch.
Resist poison. Bishop's weed, Annis, Hot in the first degree. Sugar.
Smallage, Cardamoms, Oranges, Lemons, In the second. Labdanum.
Citrons, Fennel, &c.
In the third. Benzoin, Assafoetida.
Ease pain. Dill, Amomus, Cardamoms, Cold in the third degree: Sanguis Draco-
Cummin, Carrots, Orobus, Fenugreek, Lin- nis, Acacia.
seed, Gromwell, Parsley, Panick.
In the third. Hypocistis.
Assuage swellings. Linseed, Fenugreek In the fourth. Opium, and yet some
seeds, Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Corian- authors think Opium is hot because of its
der, Barley, Lupines, Darnel, &c.
bitter taste.
Aloes and Manna purge choler gently;
and Scamony doth purge choler violently,
that it is no ways fit for a vulgar man's use,
for it corrodes the Bowels.
The College tells you a tale that there are
Opopoanax
such things in Rerum Natura, as these, purges flegm very gently.
Gums, Rozins, Balsams, and Juices made
White starch gently levigates or makes
thick, viz.
smooth such parts as are rough, syrup of
Violets being made thick with it and so
College.] Juices of Wormwood and Maud- taken on the point of a knife, helps coughs,
lin, Acacia, Aloes, Lees of Oil, Assa-foetida, roughness of the throat, wheezing, excoria-
Balsam of Peru and India ; Bdellium, Ben- tions of the bowels, the bloody-flux.
zoin, Camphire, Caranna, Colophonia, Juice of Juice of Liquorice helps roughness of the
Maudlin, Euphorbium, Lees of Wine, Lees of Trachea Arteria, which is in plain English
Oil, Gums of Galbanum, Amoniacum, Anime, called the windpipe, the roughness of which
Arabick, Cherry Trees, Copal, Elemy, Juni- causes coughs and hoarseness, difficulty of
per, Ivy, Plumb Trees, Carnbuge, Hypocystis
, breathing, &c. It allays the heat of the
Labdanum, Lacca, Liquid Amber, Manna, stomach and liver, eases pains, soreness and
Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Opium, Opopanar, roughness of the reins and bladder, it
Pice-bitumen, Pitch of the Cedar of Greece, quencheththirst, and strengthens the
Liquid and dry Rozens of Fir-tree, Larch-tree, stomach exceedingly: It may easily be
Pine tree, Pine-fruit
, Mastich. Venice and carried about in one's pocket, and eat a little
Cyprus Turpentine: Sugar, white, red, and now and then.
Christaline, or Sugar Candy white and red, Sugar cleanses and digests, takes away
Sagapen, Juniper, Gum, Sanguis Draconis
, roughness of the tongue, it strengthens the
Sarcocolla, Scamoni, Styrax, Liquid and reins and bladder, being weakened: being
Calamitis, Tacha, Mahacca, Tartar, Frankin- beaten into fine powder and put into the
cense, Olibanum, Tragaganth, Birdlime. eyes, it takes away films that grow over
Culpeper.] That my country may receive the sight.
more benefit than ever the college of Phy- Labdanum is in operation, thickening,
sicians intended them from these, I shall heating and mollifying, it opens
the
passage
treat of them severally:
of the veins, and keeps the hair from falling
1. Of the Juices.
off; the use of it is usually external: being
2. Of the Gums and Rosins.
mixed with wine, myrrh, and oil of mirtles,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
and applied like a plaister, it takes away Opopanax gently purges flegm.
filthy scars, and the deformity the small. From the prickly Cedar when it is burned
pox
leaves behind them ; being mixed with comes forth that which, with us, is usually
oil of Roses, and dropped into the ears, it known by the name of Tar, and is excellently
helps pains there; being used as a pes- good for unction either for scabs, itch, or
sary, it provokes the menses, and helps { manginess, either in men or beasts, as also
hardness or stiffness of the womb. It is against the leprosy, tetters, ringworms, and
sometimes used inwardly in such medicines scald heads.
as ease pains and help the cough: if you All sovts of Rozins fill up hollow ulcers,
mix a little of it with old white wine and and relieve the body sore pressed with cold
drink it, it both provokes urine and stops griefs.
looseness or fluxes.
The Rozin of Pitch-tree, is that which
Dragons blood, cools, binds, and repels. is commonly called Burgundy pitch, and
Acasid, and Hyposistis, do the like. is something hotter and sharper than the
The juice of Maudlin, or, for want of it former, being spread upon a cloth is ex-
Costmary, which is the same in effect, and cellently good for old aches coming of former
better known to the vulgar, the juice is made bruises or dislocations.
thick for the better keeping of it; first Pitch mollifies hard swellings, and brings
clarify the juice before you boil it to its due boils and sores to suppuration, it breaks
thickness, which is something thicker than carbuncles, disperses aposthumes, cleanses
honey.
ulcers of corruption and fills them with
It is appropriated to the liver, and the flesh.
quantity of a dram taken every morning, Bdellium heats and mollifies, and that very
helps the Cachexia, or evil disposition of temperately, being mixed with any con-
the body proceeding from coldness of the venient ointment or plaister, it helps ker-
liver: it helps the rickets and worms in { nels in the neck and throat, Scrophula, or
children, provokes urine, and gently (with-{ that disease which was called the King's
out purging) disburdens the body of choler : Evil. Inwardly taken in any convenient
and flegm; it succours the lungs, opens ob- medicine, it provokes the inenses, and breaks
structions, and resists putrifaction of blood. the stone, it helps coughs and bitings of
Gums are either temperate, as, Lacca, venomous beasts: it helps windiness of the
Elemi, Tragacanth, &c.
spleen, and pains in the sides thence coming.
Intemperate, and so are hot in the first Both outwardly applied to the place and
degree, as Bdellium, Gum of Ivy.
inwardly taken, it helps ruptures or such as
In the second, Galbanum, Myrrh, Mastich, are burst, it softens the hardness of the
Frankincense, Olibanum, Pitch, Rozin, womb, dries up the moisture thereof and
expels the dead child.
In the third. Amoniacum.
Bitumen Jadaicum is a certain dry pitch
In the fourth. Euphorbium.
which the dead sea, or lake of Sodom in India
Gum Arabick is cold.
casts forth at certain times, the inhabitants
Colophonia and Styrax soften.
thereabouts pitch their ships with it. It is
Gum Arabick and Tragacanth, San- of excellent use to mollify the hardness of
darack or Juniper Gum, and Sarcocolla swellings and discuss them, as also against
bind.
inflammations; the smoke of it burnt is
Gum of Cherry trees, breaks the stone. excellently good for the fits of the mother,
Styrax provokes the menses.
and the falling-sickness : Inwardly taken in
(27, 28.)
4 A
Styrax

272
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
wine it provokes the menses, helps the bitingstures in the skull and head. See Arceus's
of venomous beasts, and dissolves congealed liniment.
blood in the body.
Gum Lacca being well purified, and the
Ambergreese is hot and dry in the second quantity of half a dram taken in any con-
degree, I will not dispute whether it be a įvenient liquor, strengthens the stomach and
Gum or not: It strengthens nature much liver, opens obstructions, helps the yellow
which way soever it be taken, there are but jaundice and dropsy; provokes urine,
few grains usually given of it at a time: breaks the stone in the reins and bladder.
mixed with a little ointment. of Orange Liquid Amber is not much unlike liquid
flowers, and the temples and forehead Styrax: by unction it warms and comforts
anointed with it, it eases the pains of the a cold and moist brain, it eases all griefs
head and strengthens the brain exceedingly; coming of a cold cause, it mightily comforts
the same applied to the privities helps the and strengthens a weak stomach, being
fits of the mother; inwardly taken it anointed with it, and helps digestion ex
strengthens the brain and memory, the ceedingly, it dissolves' swellings. It is hot
heart and vital spirit, waims cold stomachs, in the third degree, and moist in the first.
and is an exceeding strengthener of nature I think it would do the commonwealth
to old people, adding vigour to decayed and no narm if I should speak a word or two of
worn-out spirits : it provokes venery, and Manna here, although it be no Gum: I con
makes barren women fruitful, if coldness fess authors make some flutter about it,
and moisture or weakness be the cause im- what it is, some holding it to be the juice
pediting.
of a tree; I am confident it the very same
Assafatida being smelled to, is vulgarly condensated that our honey-dews here are,
known to repress the fits of the mother ;} only the contries whence it comes being far
a little bit put into an aching tooth, pre-} hotter, it falls in great abundance. Let him
sently eases the pain, ten grains of it taken that desires reason for it, be pleased to read
before dinner, walking half an hour after Butler's book of Bees, a niost excellent
it, provokes appetite, helps digestion, experimental work, there he shall find rea-
strengthens the stomach, and takes away {son enough to satisfy any reasonable man.
loathing of meat, it provokes lust exceed- } Choose the driest and whitest ; it is a very
ingly and expels wind as much.
gentle purger of choler, quenches thirst
,
Borar, besides the virtues it has to solder provokes appetite, eases the roughness of
Gold, Silver, Copper, &c. inwardly given the throat, helps bitterness in the throat,
in small quantities, it stops fluxes, and the and often proneness to vomit, it is very good
running of the reins: being in fine powder, { for such as are subject to be costive to put
and put into green wounds, it cures them at it into their drink instead of sugar, it hath
once dressing
no obnoxious quality at all in it, but may
Gambuge, which the College calls Gutta be taken by a pregnant woman without any
Gamba. I know no good of it.
danger; a child of a year old may take an
Caranna outwardly applied, is excellent ounce of it at a time dissolved in milk, it
for aches and swellings in the nerves and will melt like sugar, neither will it be known
jointsIf you lay it behind the ears, it from it by the taste.
draws back humours from the eyes; applied Myrrh is hot and dry, in the second degree,
to the temples as they usually do Mastich, it} dangerous for pregnant women, it is bitter,
helps the tooth-ache.
and yet held to be good for the roughness
Gum Elimi, authors appropriate to frac- 1 of the throat and wind-pipe; half a dram of

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
273
it taken at a time helps rheumatic distilla- not very easy. It stops defluctions from
tions upon the lungs, pains in the sides; it the head, if you perfume your cap with the
stops fluxes, provokes the menses, brings smoke of it, it helps the headache and
away both birth and after-birth, softens the į mėgrim, strengthens the brain, and therefore
hardness of the womb; being taken two the sinews.
hours before the fit comes, it helps agues. Gum Trugaganth, which the vulgar call
Mathiolus saith he seldom used any other Gum Dragon, being mixed with pectoral
medicine for the quartan ague than a dramSyrups, (which you shall find noted in their
of myrrh given in Muskadel an hour before proper places) it helps coughs and hoarse-
the fit usually came; if you make it up into ness, salt and sharp distillations upon the
pills with treacle, and take one of them lungs, being taken with a liquorice stick,
every morning fasting, it is a sovereign being dissolved in sweet wine, it helps
preservative against the pestilence, against (being drank) gnawing in the bowels, sharp-
the poison of serpents, and other venomousness and freetings of the urine, which causes
beasts ; a singularremedy for a stinking breath { excoriations either in the reins or bladder,
if it arise from putrefaction of the stomach, being dissolved in milk and the eyes washed
it fastens loose teeth, and stays the shedd- } with it, it takes away weals and scabs that
ing off of the hair, outwardly used il breeds į grow on the eyelids, it is excellently good to
flesh in deep wounds, and covers the naked be put in poultice to fodder wounds,
bones with flesh.
especially if the nerves or sinews be hurt.
Olibanum is hot in the second degree, and į Sagapen, dissolved in juice of rue and
dry in the first, you may take a dram of it taken, wonderfully breaks the stone in the
at a time, it stops looseness and the run- } bladder, expels the dead child and after-
ning of the reins; it strengthens the memory birth, clears the sight; dissolved in wine
exceedingly, comforts the heart, expels sad- } and drank, it helps the cough, and dis-
ness and melancholy, strengthens the heart, tillation upon the lungs, and the fits of the
helps coughs, rheums and pleurises ; your mother; outwardly in oils or ointments, it
way (in my opinion,) to take it is to mix helps such members as are out of joint on
it with conserve of roses, and take it in the over-stretched.
morning fasting.
Galbanum is of the same operation, and
Tachamacha is seldom taken inwardly, also taken from the same plant, viz. Fennel,
outwardly spread upon leather, and applied } Giant.
to the navel; it stays the fits of the mother, Gum Arabic, thickens and cools, and cor-
applied to the side, it mitigates speedily, {rects choleric sharp humours in the body,
and in little time quite takes away the pain being dissolved in the white of an egg, well
and windiness of the spleen; the truth is, beaten, it helps burnings, and keeps the
whatsoever, ache or swelling proceeds of place from blistering.
wind or cold raw humours, I know no. Mastich stays fluxes, being taken inwardly
better plaister coming from beyond sea than any way. Three or four small grains of
this guin. It strengthens the brain and Mastich, swallowed at night going to bed,
memory exceedingly, and stops all such is a remedy for pains in the stomach:
deflùctions thence as trouble the eyes, ears, being beaten into powder, and mixed with
or teeth, it helps the gout and sciatica. conserve of Roses, it strengthens the stomach,
Gum Coopal, and Gum Anime, are very stops distillations upon the lungs, stays
like one another both in body and opera- vomiting, and causes a sweet breath; being
tion, the former is hard to come by, the last mixed with white wine and the mouth
best

274
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
washed with it, it cleanses the gums of cor- being anointed with the same, cools the reins,
ruption, and fastens loose teeth.
and seminal vessels, stops the running of
Frankincense being used outwardly in the the reins and Fluor Albus, the moderate use
way of a plaister, heats and binds; being of Venery, the like it doth if it be drank
applied to the temples, stops the rheumsj inwardly with Bettony-water, take but a
that flow to the eyes, helps green wounds, small quantity of it at a time inwardly, it
and fills hollow ulcers with flesh, stops the resist poison and bitings by venomous
bleeding of wounds, though the arteries be beasts; outwardly, applied as before, and
cut; being made into an ointment with the eyes anointed with it, stops hot rheums
Vinegar and Hog's-grease, helps the itch, that flow thither.
pains in the ears, inflammations in women's Opopanax purges thick flegm from the
breasts commonly called agues in the breast; most remote parts of the body, vix. the
beware of taking it inwardly, lest it cause brain, joints, hands, and feet, the nerves
madness.
and breast, and strengthens all those parts
Turpentine is hot in the second degree, it { when they are weak, if the weakness pró-
neals, softens, it discusses and purges, ceed of cold, as usually it doth; it helps
cleanses the reins, provokes urine.
weakness of the sight, old rotten coughs,
Styrax Calamitis is hot and dry in the and gouts of all sorts, dropsies, and swell-
second-degree, it heals, mollifies, and con- ings of the spleen, it helps the stranguary
cocts; being taken inwardly helps the cough, and difficulty of making urine, provokes
and distillations of the lungs, hoarseness and the menses, and helps all cold afflictions of
loss of voice, helps the hardness of the the womb; have a care you give it not to
womb, and provokes the menses.
any pregnant women.
The dose is one
Ammoniacum, hot and dry in the third }dram at most, corrected with a little Mastich,
degree, softens, draws, and heats; being dis-dissolved in Vinegar and oulwardly applied
solved in vinegar, strained and applied { helps the passions of the spleen.
plaister-wise, it takes away carbuncles and
hardness in the flesh, it is one of the best
remedies that I know for infirmities of the In the next place the College tells
tale
spleen, being applied to the left side; being concerning Liquid, Juices, and Tears
,
made into an ointment with oil, it is good
to anoint the limbs of such as are weary :
which are to be kept for present use, viz.
a scruple of it being taken in the form of a College.] Vinegar, Juice of Citrons, Juice
pill loosens the belly, gives speedy delivery of sour Grapes
, Oranges, Barberries
, Tears of
to women in travail, helps diseases of the a Birch-tree, Juice of Chermes, Quinces
, Pome-
spleen, the sciatica and all pains in the granates, Lemons, Wood-sorrel
, Oil of unripe
joints, and have any humour afflicting their Olives, and ripe Olives, both new and cold, Juice
breast.
of red and Damask Roses, Wine Tears of a
Camphire, it is held by all authority to be Vine.
cold and dry in the third degree, it is of very
Culpeper.] The virtues of the most of
thin subtile parts, insomuch that being these may be found in the Syrups, and are
beaten into very fine powder it will vanquish few of them used alone.
away into the air, being beaten into powder
and mixed with oil, and the temples anointed
therewith eases headaches proceeding of
heat, all inflammations whatsoever, the back
you
a

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
275
broken, and they boiled in spring water,
Then the College teles you there are things sink of itself, and the water drank for
but not scummed at all, for the scum will
bred of PIANTS.
ordinary drink is a most admirable remedy
College.] Agarick, few's-ears, the berries for consumption ; being bruised and ap-
of Chermes, the Spungy substance of the plied to the place they help the gout, draw
Briar, Moss, Viscus Quercinus, Oak, Apples. thorns out of the flesh, and held to the nose
Culpeper.] As the College would have help the bleeding thereof.
you know this, so would I know what the
chief of them are good for.
Jero's-ears boiled in milk and drank, Therefore consider that the College gave
helps sore throats.
the Apothecaries a catalogue of what
Moss is cold, dry, and binding, therefore
Parts of Living creatures and Excrements
good for fluxes of all sorts.
they must keep in their shops.
Misleto of the Oak, it helps the falling
sickness and the convulsions, being dis- College.] The fat, grease, or suet, of a
creetly gathered and used.
Duck, Goose, Eel, Boar, Herron, Thymal-
Oak Apples are dry and binding; being lows (if you know where to get it) Dog,
boiled in milk and drank, they stop fluxes Capon, Beaver, wild Cat, Stork, Coney, Horse,
and the menses, and being boiled in vinegar, Hedge-hog, Hen, Man, Lion, Hare, Pike, or
and the body anointed with the 'vinegar, Jack, (if they have any fat, I am persuaded
cures the itch.
'tis worth twelve-pence a grain) Wolf,
Mouse of the mountains, (if you can catch
them) Pardal, Hog, Serpent, Badger, Grey,
Then the College acquaints you, That there for brock Fox, Vulture, (if you can catch
them) Album Græcum, Anglice, Dog's dung,
are certain living Creatures called
the hucklebone of a Hare and a Hog, East
Collegex] Bees, Woodlice, Silkworms, and West Bezoar, Butter not salted and salted,
Toads, Crabs of the River, little Puppy Dog's, stone taken out of a man's bladder, Vipers
Grass-hoppers, Cantharides, Cothanel, Hedge-flesh, fresh Cheese, Castorium, white, yellow,
hogs, Emmets or Ants, Larks, Swallows, and and Virgin's Wax, the brain of Hares and
their young ones, Horse-leeches, Snails, Earth- Sparrows, Crabs' Claws, the Rennet of a
worms, Dishwashers or Wagtails, House Lamb, a Kid, a Hare, a Calf, and a Horse,
Sparrows and Hedge Sparrows, Frogs, Scineus, the heart of a Bullock, a Stag, Hog, and
wand Scorpions, Moles, or Monts, Tortoise of}a Wether, the horn of an Elk, a Hart,
the Woods, Tenches, Vipers and Foxes. a Rhinoceros, an Unicorn, the skull of a man
Culpeper.] That part of this crew of killed by a violent death, a Cockscomb, the
Cattle and some others which they have not tooth of a Bore, an Elephant, and a Sea-horse,
been pleased to learn, may be made bene- } Ivory, or Elephant's Tooth, the skin a Snake
ficial to your sick bodies, be pleased to hath cast off, the gall of a Hawk, Bullock, a
understand, that
she Goat, a Hare, a Kite, a Hog, a Bull,
Bees being burnt to ashes, and a lye made a Bear, the cases of Silk-worms, the liver of a
with the ashes, trimly decks à bald head } Wolf, an Otter, a Frog, Isinglass, the guts
being washed with it.
of a Wolf and a Fox, the milk of a she Ass,
Srails with shells on their backs, being a she Goat, a Woman, an Ewe, a Heifer,
first washed from the dirt, then the shells East and West Rezoar, the stone in the head of
(27, 28.)
4 B

276
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
a Crab, and a Perch, if there be any stone in
an Ox Gall, stone in the bladder of a Man, METALS, STONES, SALTS, AND
the Jaw of a Pike or Jack, Pearls, the marrow
OTHER MINERALS.
of the Leg of a Sheep, Or, Goal, Slag, Calf,
common and virgin Honey, Musk, Mummy, a Ver-de-grease, Scales of Brass, Elins,
Swallow's nest, Crabs Eyes, the Omentum or Alana Terra, Alabaster, Alectorions, Alum
call of a Lamb, Ram, IVether, Calf, the Seisile and Roach Amethist, Amianth, Amphe-
whites, yolks, and shells of Hen's Eggs, Emmet's } lites, Antimony, leaves and filings of Silver,
Eggs, bone of a Stag's heart, an Ox leg, Ossepice, Quick Silver, Lapis, Armenius, native Arsenic,
the inner skin of a Hen's Gizzard, the wool of both white and red, artificial Arsenic, while
Hares, the feathers of Partridges, that'which and realgar, Argilla, Asteria, leaves and fil-
Bees make at the entrance of the hive, the ings of Gold, Belemites, Berril, Bole-armenick,
vizzle of a Stag, of a Bull, Fox Lungs, Borrax, Toad-stone, Lapis Calaminatis, Cad-
fasting spittle, the blood of a Pigeon,' of 'amia, Lime quick and quenched, Vitriol, white,
Cat, of a he Goat, of a Hare, of a Partridge,blue, and green, Steel, Borrax, Chrisolite,
of a Sow, of a Bull, of a Badger, of a Snail, Chrisopu3, Cynabris, native and artificial,
Siik, Whey, the süet of a Bullock, of a Stag, Whetstones, Chalk, white and green, Crystal,
of a he Goat, of a Sheep, of a Heifer, Sperma- Diphriges, the rust, dust, scales, and flakes of
ceti, a Bullock's spleen, the skin a Snake hath } Iron, Granite, Mortar, such as walls are
cast off, the excrements of a Goose, of a Dog, daubed with, Hematitis, Heliotropium, Jacinth,
of a Goat, of, Pigeons, of a stone Horse, of a Hyber, Nicius, Jasper, Lapis Judacious,
Hlen, of Swallows, of a Hog, of a Heifer, the Tiles, Lapis Lazuly, Lapis Lincis, Lithan-
ancle of a Hare, of a Sow, Cobwebs, Water thrax, Litharge of Silver and Gold, Load-
shells, as Blatta Bazantia, Buccina, Crabs, į stone, Marchasite, or fire stone Marble, Red
Cockles, Dentalis, Entalis, Mother of Pearl, Lead, native and artificial, Miss, Naptha,
Mgtuli Purpure, Os sepia, Umbilious Mari- } Lapis Nephriticus, Nitre, Oaker yellow and
nus, the testicles of a Horse, a Cock, the hoofred, Onyx, Opalus, Ophytes, Ostcocolla, Léad
of an Elk, of an Ass, a Bullock, of a Horse, of white and black, Plumbago, Pompholir, Mar-
à Lyon, the urine of a Boar, of a she Goat chasite, Realgar, Ruby, red "Oaker, Sal
Culpeper.] The liver of an Hedge-hog Armoniach, Sal Gem, and salt Nitre, Saphyr
being dried and beaten into powder and and, Sardine, Selenitis, Flints, Emeralda
drank in wine, strengthens the reins exceed-Smiris, Sori, Spodium, Pewter, Brimstone,
ingly, and helps the dropsy, convulsions, quick and common, Talth, Earth of Cimolin,
and the falling sickness, together with all Sames, Lemnos, Sylesia, Topas, Alana, Terra,
fluxes of the bowels.
Tutty, Vitriol, white, blue, and green.
The liver being in like manner brought Precious stones alter by a way manifest 01
into powder, strengthens the liver exceed-
hidden.
ingly, and helps the dropsy.
By a way manifest, they are hot, m the
Then the College tells you these things may first degree. Hemetitis, Pyritis, Lopis
be taken from the SEA, as Asius, Thyitis, Smyres, Lapis Schistus.
College.] Amber-grease, Sea-water, Sea- Precious stones cold, are in the first degree.
sand, Bitumen, Amber white and yellow, Jet, Jacinth, Saphyr, Emerald, Cristal, Lapis
Carlince, Coral, white and red, Foam of the Samius, Lapis Phrigius.
Sea, Spunge, Store Pumice, Sea salt, Spunges, In the second degree. Ruby, Carbuncle,
Amber
Granite, Sardons

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
2707
sius.
In the fourth degree. Diamond.
Pumice-stone being beaten into powder,
In respect of property, they bind, as Lapis and the teeth rubbed with it, cleanses them.
Asius, Nectius, Geodes, Pumice-stone. Dioscorides.
Emolient, as Alabaster, Jet, Lapis Thra- Jet, it is of a softening and discussing
nature, it resists the fits of the mother.
Stupify: as Memphitis, Jasper, Ophites. Lapis Arabicus being beaten into powder,
Cleanse : as Lapis Arabicus.
and made into an ointment helps the
Glutinate: as Galactitis, Melites.
hemorrhoids.
Scarify: as Morochtus.
Ostracites, a dram of it taken in powder
Break the stone: as Lapis Lyncis, Lapis provokes the menses; being taken after that
Judaicus, Lapis Sponge.
purgation, causes conception, also 'being
Retain the fruit in the womb: as Ætitis, į made into an ointment, helps inflammations
Jasper.
of the breast.
Provoke the menses. Ostracites.
Myexis being borne about one takes away
Stones altering by a hidden property (as they pains in the reins, and hinders the breeding
of the stone.
call it,) are
Lapis Armenius purges melancholy, and ,
Bezoar, Topaz, Lapis Colubrinus, Toad- {also causes vomiting, I hold it not very
stone, Emerald, Alectorius, Calcidonius, safe for our English bodies, and therefore
Amethist, Saphyr, Jasper, Lapis Nephri- I will speak no more of it.
ticus, Lapis Tibernum, Lapis, Spongites,
the stone found in the maw of a Swallow,
Explanation of certain Vacuations.
Load-stone, Lapis Vulturis, Merucius, The five opening Roots.
Coral, Lynturius, Jet, Ætites, the stones of Smallage, Sparagus, Fennel, Parsley, Knee-
Crabs, Amber, Crystal, &c.
holly.
The Load-stone purges gross humours. The two opening Roots.
Lapis Armenius and Lapis Lazuli
, purge Fennel, Parsley.
melancholy.
The five emolient Herbs.
Pyrites heat and cleanse, take away Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Beets, Mercury,
dimness of sight. Dioscorides. Lapis Asius Pellitory of the Wall, Violet Leaves.
binds and moderately corrodes and cleanses The five Capillary Herbs.
filthy ulcers, and fills them up with flesh; Maidenhair, Wall Rue, Cetrach, Hart's-
being mixed with honey, and applied to the tongue, Politricum.
place, is an admirable remedy for the gout. The four cordial Flowers.
Chrystal being beaten into very fine pow- Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, Violets.
der, and a dram of it taken at a time helps The four greater hot Seeds, Carminative,
the bloody-flux, stops the Fluor Albus, and į or breaking wind.
increases milk in Nurses. Mathiolus. Annis, Carraway, Cummin, Fennel
.
Lapis Samius is cooling and binding, it is The four lesser hot seeds.
very comfortable to the stomach, but it Bishop's weed, Amomus, Smallage, Carrots.
dulls the senses, helps Auxes of the eyes The four greater cold seeds.
Citrul, Cucumber, Gourds, Melon.
Geodetes binds and drys, being beaten The four lesser cold seeds.
into powder and mixed with water, and Succory, Eridive, Lettice, Purslain.
applied to the place, takes away in- Five fragments of precious stones.
flammations of the Testicles.
Granite,Jacinth, Sapphire,Sardine, Emerald
and ulcers.

278
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Bullocks dung made in May, Swallows, Earth-
The right worshipful, the College of Phy-worms, Magpies, Spawn of Frogs.
sicians of London in their New Dispen-
satory give you free leave to distil these
common waters that follow, but they SIMPLE WATERS DISTILLED,
never intend you should know what they being digested before-hand.
are good for.
Of the fresh Roots of Nettles.
SIMPLE DISTILLED WATERS. Of the leaves of Agrimony, wild Tansy,
or Silverweed, Mugwort, Bettony, Mari-
Of fresh Roots of
golds, Chamomel, Chamepitys, Celandine,
Briony, Onions, Elecampane, Orris, or Pilewort, Scurvy-grass, Comfry the greater,
Flower-de-luce, Turnips.
Dandelyon, Ash-tree leaves, Eyebright,
Of flowers and buds of
Fumitory, Alehoof, or ground Ivy, Horse-
Southernwood, both sorts of Wormwood, tail, St. John's Wort, Yarrow, Moneywort,
Wood Sorrel, Lady's-Mantle, Marsh-mallows, Restharrow, Solomon's Seal, Res solis, Rue;
Angelica, Pimpernel with purple flowers, Savin, Saxifrage, Hart's tongue, Scordium,
Smallage, Columbines, Sparagus, Mouse-ear, Tamarisk, Mullin, Vervain, Paul's Bettony,
Borrage, Shepherd's Purse, Calaminth, Wood- } Mead-sweet, Nettles.
bine or Honey-suckles, Carduus Benedictus, Of the Flowers of Mayweed, Broom,
our Lady's Thistles, Knot grass, Succory, Cowslips, Butter-bur, Peony, Elder.
Dragons, Colts-foot, Fennel
, Goat's Rue, Of the berries of Broom, Elder.
Grass, Hyssop, Lettice, Lovage, Toad-flax, Culpeper.] Then the College gives you
Hops, Marjoram, Mallows, Horehound, Fea- an admonition concerning these, which
therfew, Bawm, Mints, Vlorse-mints, Water being converted into your native language,
Cresses, English Tobacco, white Poppies is as follows.
Pellatory of the Wall, Parsley, Plantain, We give you warning that these common
Purslain, Self-heal, Pennyroyal, Oak leaves, waters be better prepared for time to
Sage, Scabious, Figwort or Throatwort, House- come, either in common stills, putting
leek,or
. Sengreen, the grea er' and lesser Mother good store of ashes underneath, the routs
of Time, Nightshade, Tansy, Tormentil, and herbs being dryer, &c. or if they be
Valerian.
full of Juice, by distilling the juice in a
Of Flowers of
convenient bath, that so burning may be
Oranges, (if you can get them) Blue-bot- avoided, which hitherto hath seldom
tle the greater, Beans, Water-Lilies, Lavender, been. But let the other Herbs, Flowers,
Nut-tree, Cowslips, Sloes, Rosemary, Roses or Roots, be bruised, and by adding
white, damask, and red, Satyrien, Lime-tree, Tartar, common salt, or
leven be
Clove-gilliflowers, Violets.
digested, then putting spring water to
Of Fruits of
them, distil them in an Alembick with
Oranges, Black Cherries, Pome Citrons, its refrigeratory, or Worm, till the
Quinces, Cucumbers, Strawberries, Winter change of the taste shew the virtue to be
Cherries, Lemons, Rasberries, unripe Walnuts, drawn off; then let the oil (if any) be
apples.
separated from the water according to
Of parts of living Creatures and their ex-
Into the number of these waters may be
Lobsters, Cockles, or Snails, Hartshorn, ascribed.
art.
crements.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
270
pane, Burnet.
The Tears of Vines, the liquor of the Waters concocting flegm in the head, are
Birch-tree, May dew. mota bes tisod odt. Bettony, Sage, Marjoram, Chamomel,
Culpeper.] That my country may receive Fennel, Calaminth, Rosemary-flowers,
the benefit of these waters, I shall first Primroses, Eye-bright. based on
shew the temperatures, secondly, the vir- In the breast and lungs. Maiden-hair,
tues of the most usual and most 'casy to į Bettony, Hysop, Horehound, Carduus
come by: If any should take exceptions Benedictus, Scabious, Opris, or Flower-de-
that I mention not all, I answer first, I luces, Bawm, Self-heal, &c. tbeold
mention enough. Secondly, who ever In the heart. Bawm, Rosemary.
makes this objection, they shew extreme In the stomach. Wormwood, Mints,
ingratitude; for had I mentioned but only Fennel, Chervil, Time, Mother of Time,
one, I had revealed more to them than ever Marigolds."
the College intended they should know, or In the liver. Wormwood, Centaury,
give me thanks for doing i detto Origanum, Marjoram, Maudlin, Costmary,
The qualities and appropriation of the simple Agrimony, Fennel. Paris
Distilled Waters.
In the spleen. Water-cresses, Wormwood,
Calaminth.
Simple distidled waters either cool or
In the reins and bladder. Rocket, Nettles,
heat: such as cool, either cool the blood
Saxifrage, Pellitory of the Wall, Alicam-
or choler.
Cars
Waters cooling the blood. Lettice, Pur-
In the womb.
slain, Water Lilies, Violets, Sorrel Endive, Penny-royal, Savin, Mother of Time,
Mugwort, Calaminth,
Succory, Fumitory. an congue belli į Lovage.
Waters cooling and repressing choleric humours, Waters concocting Melancholy in the head,
or vapours in the head.
Nightshade, Lettice, Water Lilies, Plan- Hops, Fumitory.
tain, Poppies, viz. The flowers both of The breast. Bawm, Carduus Benedictus.
white black and red Poppies, black Cheries. The heart. Borrage, Bugloss, Bawm,
The breast and lungs. Violets, Poppies Rosemary.
all three sorts, Colt’s-foot. addition The liter. Endive, Chicory, Hops.
In the heart. Sorrel, Quinces, Water The spleen.
Dodder, Hart's-tongue,
Lilies, Roses, Violets, green or unripe Tamarisk, Time.
Walnuts.
Having thus ended the appropriation,
In the stomach. Quinces, Roses, Violets, I shall speak briefly of the virtues of dis-
Nightshade, Houseleeks, or Sengreen, Let- {tilled waters.
tice, Purslain.
Lettice water cools the blood when it is
In the liver. Endive, Succory, Night-over-heated, for when it is not, it needs no
shadle, Purslain, Water Lilies. Too cooling : it cools the head and liver, stays
In the reins and bladder. Endive, Suc- hot vapours ascending to the head, and
cory, Winter Cherries, Plantain, Water if hinders sleep; it quenches immoderate
Lilies, Strawberries, Houseleekor Sen-thirst, and breeds milk in nurses, distil it in
green, black Cherries. UIT
May.
In the womb. Endive, Succory, Lettice, Purslainz water cools the blood and liver,
Water Lilies, Purslain, Roses. quenches thirst, helps such as spit blood,
Simple waters which are hot, concoct have hot coughs, or pestilences.
either flegin or melancholy. teleobalt The distilled water of water Lily-flowers,
4c
(re
(27, 28.)

280
CST THE COMPLETE HERBAL TA
in May.
cools the blood and the bowels, and all The water of Distilled Quinces strengthens
internal parts of the body; helps such as the heart and stomach exceedingly, stays
have the yellow jaundice, hot coughs and vomiting and fluxes, and strengthens the
pleurisies, the head-ache, coming of heat, { retentive faculty in man.
fevers pestilential and not pestilential, as Damask Rose water cools, comforts, and
also hectic fevers.
strengthens the heart, so doth Red Rose-
The water of Violet flowers, cools the water, only with this difference, the one is
blood, the heart, liver and lungs, over-binding, the other loosening ; if your body
heated, and quenches an insatiable desire be costive, use Damask Rose water, be-
of drinking, they are in their prime about cause it is loosening: if loose, use red,
the latter end of March, or beginning of because it is binding.
April, according as the year falls out. White Rose water is generally known to
The water of Sorrei cools the blood, be excellent against hot rheums, and in-
heart, liver, and spleen : If Venice Treacle flammations in the eyes, and for this it is
be given with it, it is profitable in pestilen- better than the former.
tial fevers, distil it in May.
The water of Red Poppy flowers, called.
Endive and Succory water are excellent} by many Corn-roses, because they grow so
against heat in the stomach; if you take frequently amongst corn, cools the blood
an ounce of either (for their operation is and spirits over-heated by drinking or
the same) morning and evening, four days labour, and is therefore excellent in surfets.
one after another, they cool the liver, and Green Walnuts gathered about the latter
cleanse the blood: they are in their prime end of June or July, and bruised, and sn
stilled, strengthen the heart, and resist the
Fumitory water is usual with the city i pestilence. saja
dames to wash their faces with, to take away Plantain water helps the headache; being
morphey, freckles, and sun-burning; in- dropped into the ear it helps the tooth-ache,
wardly taken, it helps the yellow jaundice helps the phthisicks, dropsy and fluxes,
and itch, cleanses the blood, provokes and is an admirable remedy for ulcers in
sweat, strengthens the stomach, and cleanses the reins and bladder, to be used as com-
the body of adust humours : it is in its žmon drink: the herb is in its prime in May.
prime in May and June.
Strawberry water cools, quenches thirst,
The water of Nightshade helps pains in clarifies the blood, breaks the stone, helps
the head coming of heat. Take heed you all inward inflammations, especially those
distil not the deadly Nightshade instead of in the reins, bladder and passages of the
the common, if you do, you may make urine; it strengthens the liver and helps
mad work. Let such as have not wit}the yellow jaundice.
enough to know them asunder, have wit The distilled water of Dog grass, or
enough to let them both alone till they do, Couch grass, as some call it, cleanses the
The water of white Poppies extinguishes } reins gallantly, and provokes urine, opens
all leat against nature, helps head-aches obstructions of the liver and spleen, and
coming of heat, and too long standing in kills worms.
Distil them in June or July. Black Cherry water provokes urine, elps
Coll's-foot water is excellent for burns to the dropsy. It is usually given in diseases
wash the place with it; inwardly taken it of the brain, as convulsions, falling-sick-
helps Phthisicks and other diseases inci-ness, palsy and apoplexy.
dent to the lungs, distil them in May or June. Betony is in its prime in May, the dis-
the sun.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
281
breast.
tilled water thereof is very good for such The eyes being washed every morning
as are pained in their heads, it prevails with Eyebright water, most strangely clears
against the dropsy and all sorts of fevers and strengthens the sight.
it succours the liver and spleen, and helps Maidenhair distilled in May, the water
want of digestion and evil disposition of cleanses both liver and lungs, clarifies the
the body thence arising; it hastens travail blood, and breaks the stone. best
in women with child, and is excellent Hyssop water cleanses the lungs of flegm,
against the bitings of venomous beasts. helps coughs and Asthmas, distil it in
Distil Sage whilst the flowers be on it, } August.
So sodi tuoda oma
the water strengthens the brain, provokes the The water of Hore-hound, helps the cough
menses, helps nature much in all its actions, and straitness of the breast; it strengthens
Marjoram is in its prime in June, dis- } the breast, lungs and stomach, and liver
tilled water is excellent for such whose distil it in June.
PINK
brains are too cold, it provokes urine, heats } Carduus water succours the head,
the womb, provokes the menses, strengthens strengthens the memory, helps such as are
the memory and helps the judgment, causes troubled with vertigoes and quartan agues ;
an able brain.
it provokes sweat, strengthens the heart,
Distil Camomel water about the beginning and all other fevers of choler. 1. It is in
of June. It eases the cholick and pains its prime in May and June. of volle
in the belly; it breaks the stone in the Scabious water helps pleurises and pains,
reins and bladder, provokes the menşes, and pricking in the sides ; Aposthumes,
expels the dead child, and takes away pains coughs, pestilences, and straitness of the
in the head.
Fennel water strengthens the heart and Water of Flower-de-luce is very profitable
brain ; dilates the breast, the cough, pro- in dropsies, an ounce being drank con-
vokes the menses, encreases milk in nurses, } tinually every morning and evening; as
and if you wash your eyes with it, it clears i also pains and torments in the bowels.
Bawm water distilled in May, restores
The Hooses of the fore feet of a Cow į memory, it quickens all the senses,
dried and taken any away, encrease milk strengthens the brain, heart, and stomach,
in nursės, the smoke of them drives away causes a merry mind and a sweet breath.
mice. Mizaldus. Gabine
The water of Comfrey solders broken
Calaminth water heats and cleanses the bones, being drank, helps ruptures, out-
womb, provokes the menses, and eases the wardly it stops the bleeding of wounds,
pains of the head, distil it in May.
they being washed with it.
The distilled water of Rosemary flowers, Wormwood water distilled cold, about the
helps such as are troubled with the yellow į end of May, heats and strengthens the
Jaundice, Asthmas, it cleanses the blood, stomach, helps concoction, stays vomiting,
helps concoction, strengthens the brain kills worms in the stomach and bowels, it
and body exceedingly.
mitigates the pains in the teeth, and is pro
Water of the flowers of Lilies of the valley, fitably given in ſevers of choler.
strengthens the brain and all the senses. Mint water strengthens the stomach, helps
The water of Cowslip flowers helps the concoction and stays vomiting, distil it in
palsey; takes away pains in the head, the the latter end of May, or beginning of
vertigo and megrim, and is exceeding good į June, as the year is in forwardness or back-
pregnant women. anon
wardness, observe that in all the rest.
the sight.
for

ая ОЯ THE COMPLETE HERBAL СТИ
3a Chervil water distilled about the end of and lungs, provokes urine, and cleanses
May, helps ruptures, breaks the stone, dis- ļ the passages of it from gravel.
solves congealed blood, strengthens the Distil Burnet in May or June, the water
heart and stomach. belliteit
breaks the stone, cleanses the passages of
The water of Mother of Time strengthens urine, and is exceeding profitable in pes-
the brain and stomach, gets a man a good tilential times.
stomach to his victuals, provoke urine and Mugwort water distilled in May, is ex-
the menses, heats the womb. It is in its cellent in coughs and diseases proceeding
prime about the end of June. on from stoppage of the menses, it warms the
1 The water of Marigold flowers is appro- stomach, and helps the dropsy. let
priated to most cold diseases of the head, Distil Penny-royal when the flowers are
eyes, and stomach: they are in their vigour upon it: the water heats the womb gallant-
when the Sun is in the Lion.
ly, provokes the menses, expels the after-
The distilled water of Centaury comforts birth ; cuts, and casts out thick and gross
a cold stomach, helps in fever of choler, it humours in the breast, eases pains in the
kills worms, and provokes appetite. To bowels, and consumes flegm.
amer
Maudlin and Costmary water distilled in The water of Lovage distilled in May,
May or June, strengthens the liver, helps { cases pains in the head, and cures ulcers in
the yellow jaundice, opens 'obstructions, the womb being washed with it; inwardly
and helps the dropsy.
taken it expels wind, and breaks the stone.
Water-cresses distilled in March, the The tops of Hops when they are young,
water cleanses the blood, and provokes being distilled, the water cleanses the blood
urine exceedingly, kills worms, outwardly of melancholy humours, and therefore helps
mixed with honey, it clears the skin of mor- scabs, itch, and leprosy, and such like dis-
phew and sunburning.no
eases thence proceeding; it opens obstruc-
Distil Nettles when they are in flower, the tions of the spleen, helps the rickets, and
water helps coughs and pains in the bowels, hypochondriac melancholy.
provokes urine, and breaks the stone. The water of Borrage and Bugloss dis-
Saxifrage water provokes urine, expels / villed when their flowers are upon them,
wind, breaks the stone, cleanses the reins strengthens the heart and brain exceed-
and bladder of gravel, distil them when ingly, cleanses the blood, and takes away
they are in flower.
sadness, griefs and melancholy
..
The water of Pellitory of the Wall
, opens Dodder water cleanses the liver and
obstructions of the liver and spleen, by spleen, helps the yellow jaundice.de
drinking an ounce of it every morning; Tamarisk water opens obstructions, and
it cleanses the reins and bladder, and eases helps the hardness of the spleen, and
the gripings of the bowels coming of wind, strengthens it. baldintot
Distil it in the end of May, or beginning English Tobacco distilled, the water is ex-
of June.
an cellently good for such as have dropsy, to
0 Cinquefoil water breaks the stone, cleanses drink an ounce or two every morning; it
the reins, and is of excellent use in putri- helps ulcers in the mouth, strengthens the
fied fevers. Distil it in May.
lungs, and helps such as have asthmas.
The water of Radishes breaks the stone, The water of Dwarf Elder, hath the
cleanses the reins and bladder, provokes same effects.
the menses, and helps the yellow jaundice. Thus you have the virtues of enough of
Elicampane water strengthens the stomach cold waters, the use of which is for mix-

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
283
tures of other medicines, whose operation cold and flegm, chilliness of the spirits,
is the same, for they are very seldom given &c.
alone : If you delight most in liquid medi- But that my countrymen inay not be
cines, having regard to the disease, and part į mistaken in this, I shall give them some
of the body afficted by it, these will fur- symptoms of each complexion how a man
nish you with where withal to make them may know when it exceeds its due limits.
so as will please your pallate best.
Signs of choler abounding'.
Leanness of body, costiveness, hollow
eyes, anger without a cause, a testy dispo-
COMPOUNDS. SPIRIT AND COM-sition, yellowness of the skin, bitterness in
POUND DISTILLED WATERS.
the throat, pricking pains in the head, the
pulse swifter and stronger than ordinary,
Culpeper.] Before I begin these, I the urine higher coloured, thinner and bright-
thought good to premise a few words: Theyer, troublesome sleeps, much dreaming of
are all hot in operation, and therefore not fire, lightning, anger, and fighting.
to be meddled with by people of hot con-
Signs of blood abounding.
stitutions when they are in health, for fear The veins are bigger (or at least they
of fevers and adustion of blood, but for seem so) and fuller then ordinary; the skin
people of cold constitutions, as melancholy is red, and as it were swollen ; pricking
and flegmatic people. If they drink of pains in the sides, and about the temples,
them moderately now and then for recrea- shortness of breath, head-ache, the pulse
tion, due consideration being had to the great and full, urine high coloured and
part of the body which is weakest, they · thick, dreams of blood, &c.
may do them good : yet in diseases of Signs of melancholy abounding.
melancholy, neither strong watersnor sack Fearfulness without a cause, fearful and
is to be drank, for they make the humour foolish imaginations, the skin rough and
thin, and then up to the head it flies, where swarthy, leanness, want of sleep, frightful
it fills the brain with foolish and fearful: dreams, sourness in the throat, the pulse
imaginations.
very weak, solitariness, thin clear urine
2. Let all young people forbear them often sighing, &c.
whilst they are in health, for their blood is
Signs of flegm abounding.
usually hot enough without them.
Sleepiness, dulness, slowness, heaviness
3. Have regard to the season of the year, cowardliness, forgetfulness, much spitting
80 shall you find them more beneficial in į much superfluities at the nose, little appe-
Summer than in Winter, because in sum- į tite to meat and as bad digestion, the skin
mer the body is always coldest within, and whiter, colder and smoother than it was
digestion weakest, and that is the reason want to be; the pulse slow and deep: the
why men and women eat less in Summer urine thick and low coloured : dreams of
than in Winter.
rain, floods, and water, &c.
Thus much for people in health, which These things thus premised, I come to
drink strong waters for recreation.
the matter.
As for the medicinal use of them, it shall The first the College presents you with,
be shewed at the latter end of every receipt, is
only in general they are (due respect had Spiritus et Aqua "Absinthis minus Composita.
to the humours afflicting, and part of the Or, Spirit and water of Wormwood, the
body afflicted) medicinal for diseases of lesser composition.
(29, 30.)
4 D

281
HON THE COMPLITE HERBAL
College.] 'Take of the leaves of dryed of each one drachm: let the things be cut
Worınwood tyo pounds, Annis seeds, half that are to be cut, and the things that are
a pound: steep them in six gallons of small, bruised that are to be bruised, all of them
wine twenty four hours, tien distill them infused in twenty four pints of Spanish
in an Alembick, adding to every pound of Wine, for twenty four hours, then dis-
the distilled water two ounces of the best tilled in an Alembick, adding two ounces
Sugar.
of white sugar to every pint of distilled
Let the two first pound you draw out be water.
called Spirit of Wormwood, those which Let the first pint be called Spirit of
follow, Wormwood water the lesser com- } Wormwood the greater composition.
position.
Culpeper.] The opinion of Authors is,
Culpeper.] I like this distinction of the That it heats the stomach, and strengthens
College very well, because what is first it and the lungs, expels wind, and helps
stilled out, is far stronger then the rest, { digestion in ancient people.itos de
and therefore very fitting to be kept by Spiritus et Aqua Angelica Magis composita:
itself: you may take which you please, Or Spirit and water of Angelica, the
according as the temperature of your body, greater composition.
either to heat or cold, and the season of the The College.] Take of the leaves of
year requires.
tema-{ Angelica eight ounces, of Carduus Benea
It hath the same virtues Wormwood dictus six ounces, of Bawm and Sage, of
hath, only fitter to be used by such whose } each four ounces, Angelica Seeds six
bodies are chilled by age, and whose į ounces ; sweet Fennel seeds nine ounces
natural heat abates. You may search the } Let the herbs, being dryed, and the seeds
herbs for the virtues, it heats the stomach, be grosly bruised, to which add of the
and helps digestion.
species called Aromaticum Rosarum, and
The College.] After the same manner of the species called Diamoschu Dulce, of
(only omitting the Annis seeds) is distilled į each an ounce and a half, infuse thein
spirit and water of Angelica, both Herb two days in thirty two pints of Spanish
and Root; Bawm, Mints, Sage, &c. the Wine, ihen distil them with a gentle fire,
Flowers of Rosemary, Clary, Clove-gilli- } and with every pound mix two ounces of
flowers, &c. the seeds of Caraway, &c. sugar dissolved in Rose-water.
Juniper-berries, Orange Pills, Lemons, Let the three first pounds be called by the
Citrons, &c. Cinnamon, Nutmegs, &c. name of Spirit the rest by the name of water.
Spiritus et Aqua Absynthii magis composita. Culpeper.] The chief end of composing
Or spririt and water of Wormwood, the this medicine, was to strengthen the heart
greater composition.
and resist infection, and therefore is very
The College.] Take of common and į wholesome in pestilential times, and for
Roman Wormwood, of each a pound;}such as walk in stinking air.
Sage, Mints, Bawm, of each two handfuls ; I shall now' quote you their former
the Roots - of Galanga, Ginger, Calamus į receipt in their former Dispensatory.
Aromaticus, Elecampane, of each three Angelica water the greater composition.
drachms; Liquorice an ounce, Raisins of The College.] Take of Angelica two.
the Sun stoned, three ounces, Ánnis seeds, pounds, Annis seed half a pound, Corian-
and sweet Fennel seeds, of each three der and Caraway seeds, of each four ounces,
drachms ; Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, of | Zedoary bruised, three ounces: steep them
each two drachms ; Cardamoms, Cubebs, twenty four hours in six-gallons of small

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
285
it with sugar.
3.
tion.
wine, then draw out the spirit, and sweeten being tyed up in a rag, be hung into the
aforementioned spirit.
Culpeper.] It comforts the heart, Culpeper.] I could wish the Apothecaris
cherishes the vital spirits, resists the 'pes-would desire to be certified by the College.
tilence, and all corrupt airs, which indeed 1. Whether the gallon of Lavender
are the natural causes of epidemical dis- flowers must be filled by heap, or by strike.
eases, the sick may take a spoonful of it in 2. Next, whether the flowers must be
any convenient cordial, and such as are in pressed down in the measure, or not.
health, and have bodies either cold by How much must be drawn off in the first
nature, or cooled by age, may take as much distiliation. 4. Where they should get
either in the morning fasting, or a little Orange leaves and flowers fresh gathered.
before meat.
15. What they mean by convenient diges-
Spiritus Lavendula compositus Matthia.
6. Where you shall find Borrage,
Or compound spirit of Lavender. Matthias. Bugloss and Cowslips flowering together,
The College.] Take of Lavender flowers that so you may have them all fresh ac-
one gallon, to which pour three gallons of cording to their prescript, the one flowering
the best spirits of wine, let them stand in the latter end of April, and beginning of
together in the sun six days, then distil May, the other in the end of June, and
them with an Alembick with his refrige- beginning of July. 7. If they can make
ratory
a shift to make it, how, or which way the
Take of the flowers of Sage, Rosemary, virtues of it will countervail the one half
and Bettony, of each one handful : the of the charge and cost, to lenve the pains
flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Lilies of the and trouble out.
Valley, Cowslips, of each two handfuls:
Spiritus Castorii.
let the flowers be newly and seasonably
Or Spirit of Castoreum.
gathered, being infused in one gallon of The College.] Take of fresh Castoreum
the best spirits of wine, and mingled with four ounces, Lavender flower an ounce,
the foregoing spirit of Lavender flowers, the tops of Sage and Rosemary, of each
adding the leaves of Bawm, Feather-few, half an ounce, Cinnamon six drams, Mace,
and Orange tree fresh gathered; the flowers Cloves, of each two drachms, spirits of
of Stoechas and Orange tree, Bay berries, Wine rectified, six pounds, digest them
of each one ounce: After convenient diges- in a phial filled only to the third part, close
tion distil it again, after which add Citron stopped with cork and bladder in warm
pills the outward bark, Peony seed husked, }ashes for two days, then distilled in Balneo
of each six drachms, Cinnamon, Mace, Mariæ, and the distilled water kept close
Nutmegs, Cardamoms, Cubebs, yellow stopped.
Sanders, of each half an ounce, Wood of} Culpeper.] By reason of its heat it is
Aloes one dram, the best Jujubes, the stones no ways fit to be taken alone, but mixed
being taken out half a pound, digest them with other convenient medicines appro-
six weeks, then strain it and filter it, and priated to the diseases you would give it
add to it prepared Pearls two drams, for, it resists poison, and helps such as are
Emeralds prepared a scruple, Ambergrease, bitten by venomous beasts: it causes
Musk, Saffron, of each half a scruple, speedy delivery to women in travail, and
red Roses dryed, red Sanders, of each half casteth out the Placenta : it helps the fits of
an ounce, yellow Sanders, Citron Pills the mother, lethargies and convulsions, being
dryed, of each one dram. Let the species mixed with white wine, and dropped into

THE COMPLETE HERBAL
the ears, it helps deafness ; if stopping be { pound, Peony flowers four ounces: steep
the cause of it, the dose to be given in- them together fourteen days, then distil
wardly is between one dram, and half a them in Balneo Marice till they be dry: in
dram, according to the strength and age of the distilled liquor infuse again male Peony
the patient.
roots gathered in due time, two ounces and
e Aqua Petasitidis composita.
a half, white Dittany, long Birth wort, of
Or, compound water of Butter-bur. each half an ounce, the leaves of Misselto
The College.] Take of the fresh roots of the Oak, and Rue, of each two handfuls,
of Butter-bur bruised, one pound and a Peony seeds husked, ten drams, Rue seeds
half, the roots of Angelica and Masterwort, three drams and a half, Castoreum two
of cach half a pound, steep them in ten scruples, Cubebs, Mace, of each two
pints of strong Ale, then distil them till drachms, Cinnamon an ounce and a balf,
the change of the taste gives a testimony Squills prepared, three drachms, Rosemary
that the strength is drawn out.
flowers six pugils, Arabian Stæchas, Laven-
Culpeper.] This water is very effectual (der, of each four pugils, the flowers of
being mixed with other convenient cor- Betony, Clove-gilli-flowers, and Cowslips,
dials, for such as have pestilential fevers : of each eight pugils, then adding four
also a spoonful taken in the morning, may į pound of the juice of black Cherries, dis-
prove a good preservative in pestilential til it in a glass till it be dry.
times : it helps the fits of the mother, and
Aqua Bezoartica.
such as åre short winded, and being taken
Or Bezoar Water.
inwardly, dries up the moisture of such College.] Take of the leaves of Celan-
sores as are hard to be cured.
dine, roots and all, three handfuls and
Aqua Raphani Composita.
half, Rue two handfuls, Scordium four
Or Compound water of Radishes. handfuls, Dittany of Crete, Carduus, of
The College.] Take of the leaves of both each one handful and a half, Zedoary and
orts of Scurvy-grass, of each six pound, Angelica roots, of each three drams, Citrons
having bruised them, press the juice out of and Lemon pills, of each six drams, Clove-
them, with which mix of the juice of brook- gilliflowers one ounce and a half
, Red
lime, and Water-cresses, of each one pound Rose, Centaury the less, of each two drams,
and a half, of the best white wine, eight Cinnamon, Cloves, of each three drams,
ponnds, twelve whole Lemons, pills and all, Venice Treacle three ounces, Mithridates
fresh Briony roots four pound,theroots of wild one ounce and a half, Camphire two
Radishes two pound, Captain Winter's Cin- scruples, Troches of Vipers two ounces,
namon half a pound, Nutmegs four ounces, Mace two drams, Wood of Aloes half an
stcep them altogether, and then distil them ounce, Yellow Sanders one dram and a
Culpeper.] I faney it not, and so I leave half, Carduus seeds one ounce, Citron seeds
it; I suppose they intended it for purga- įsix drams, let them be cut and infused in
tion of women in child-bed.
spirits of Wine, and Malaga Wine, of each
Aqua Peonia Composita.
three pound and a half, Vinegar of Clove-
Or Compound water of Peony. gilliflowers, Juice of Lemons, of eaeh one
The College.] Take of the flowers of pound, and distilled in a glass still in Balne e
Lilies of the Valley, one pound: infuse Marie, after it is half distilled off, the
them in four gallons of Spanish wine so long residue may be strained through a linen
till the following flowers may be had fresh. } cloath, and be reduced to the thickness of
Take of the fore-named flowers half a Honey, and called the Bezoartie extraet

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
287
bles you.
Culpeper.] Extracts have the same vir- one pound and a hall, the leaves and
tues with the waters they are made from, Howers of Centaury the less, of each four
ouły the different form is to please the ounces, steep them eight days in twelve
palates of such whose fancy loathes any one pounds of white Wine, then distil them in
particular form,
an alembick.
This Bezoar water strengthens the heart, Culpeper.] It conduces to preservation
arteries, and vital spirits: It provokes sweat, from ill air, and pestilential fevers: it opens
and is exceeding good in pestilential fevers, obstructions of the liver, and helps such as
in health it withstands melancholy and they say are liver-grown'; it eases pains in
consumptions, and makes a merry, blithe, the stomach, helps digestion, and eases such
chearful creature. Of the extract you may as have pains in their bones by ill lodging
take ten grains at a time, or sumewhat į abroad in the cold, it provokes appetite,
more, if your body be not feverish, half and is exceeding good for the yellow jaun-
a spoonful of water is sufficient at a time, dice, as also for prickings or stitches in the
and that mixed with other cordials or medi- sides : it provokes the menses, and expels
cines appropriated to the disease that trou- both birth and placenta : it is naught for
pregnant women. If there be no fever, you
Aqua et Spiritus Lambricorum, magistralis. may take a spoonful by itself; if there be,
Or Water and Spirit of Earthworms. you may, if you please, mix it with some
College.] Take of Earthworms well cooler medicine appropriated to the same
cleansed, three pound, Snail with shells { use you would give it for.
on their backs cleansed, two gallons, beat
Aqua Gilbertii.
them in a mortar, and put them into a con-
Or Gilbert's Water.
venient vessel, adding stinging Nettles, College.] Take of Scabious, Burnet,
roots and all, six handfuls wild Angelica, Dragons, Bawm, Angelica, Pimpernel,
four handfuls, brank Ursine, seven hand- withi purple flowers, Tormentil, roots and
fuls, Agrimony, Betlony, of each three all, of each two handfuls, let all of them,
handfuls, Rue one handful, common Worm-being rightly gathered and prepared, be
wood two handfuls, Rosemary flowers six steeped in four gallons of Canary Wine,
ounces, Dock roots ten ounces, the roots of still off" three gallons in an alembick, to
Sorrel five ounces, Turmerick, the inner which add three ounces of each of the
bark of Barberries, of each four ounces, cordial flowers, Clove-gillitlowers six
Fenugreek seeds two ounces, Cloves three ounces, Saffron half an ounce, Turmerick
ounces, Hart's-horn, Ivory in gross pow- two ounces, Galanga, Bazil secds, of each
der, of each four ounces, Saffron three one dram, Citron pills one ounce, the seed
drams, small spirits of Wine four gallons of Citrons and Carduus, Cloves of each
and a half, after t:venty-four hours infusion, five ounces, Hart's-horn four ounces, steep
distil them in an alembick. Let the four them twenty four hours and then distil
first pounds be réserved for spirit, the rest them in Balneo Marie: to the distilled water
for water.
add Pearls prepared, an ounce and a half,
Culpeper.] "Tis a mess altogether, it red Coral, Crabs eyes, white Amber, of each
inay be they intended it for an universal } two drams, Crabs claws, six drams, Bezoar,
medicine.
Ambergrease, of each two scruples, steep
Aqua Gentianæ compositæ.
them six weeks in the sin, in a vessel well.
Or Gentian Water compound. stopped, often shaking it, then filter it, (you
College.] Take of Gentain roots sliced, may keep the powders for Spicord, temp.)
(29, 30.)
4 E

1288
GIOIA THE COMPLETE HERBAL DAN
by mixing twelve ounces of Sugar candy, leaves of Scordium four handfuls, old
with six ounces of red Rose-water, and four Venice Treacle, Mithridates, of each eight
ounces of spirit of Cinnamon with it.
ounces, Canary
Canary Wine twelve pounds,
Culpeper.] I suppose this was invented Vinegar six pounds, juice of Lemons two
for a cordial to strengthen the heart, to pounds, digest them two days, either in
relieve languishing nature. It is exceed- Horse-dung, or in a bath, the vessel being
ing dear. I forbear the dose, they that close shut, then distil them in sand; in the
have money enough to make it themselves, distillation you may make a Theriacal ex-
cannot want time to study both the virtues i traction.
and dose: I would have gentlemen to be Culpeper.] This water is exceeding good
studious.
in all fevers, especially pestilential; it
Aqua cordialis frigida Sarenie expels venomous humours by sweat; it
College.] Take of the juice of Borrage, strengthens the heart and vitals ; it is an
Bugloss, Bawm, Bistort, Tormentil, Scor- admirable counter-poisoni, special good for
dium, Vervain, sharp-pointed Dock, Sorrel, į such as have the plague, or are poisoned, or
Goat's Rue, Mirrhis, Blue Bottle great and bitten by venomous beasts, and expels
small, Roses, Marigolds, Lemon, Citrons, virulent humours from such as have the
of each three ounces, white Wine Vinegar i venereal disease. If you desire to "know
one pound, Purslain seeds two ounces, more virtues of it, see the virtues of Venice
Citron and Carduus seeds, of each half an Treacle. The dose is from a spoonful to
ounce, Water Lily flowers two ounces, an ounce.
the flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Violets,
Aqua Brionice composita.
Clove-gilliflowers, of each one
Or Briony Water compound.
Diatrion Sentalon six arams: let yuce,
them, being rightly prepared, be infused roots, four pounds, the leaves of Rue and
three days, then distilled in a glass still: Mugwort, of each two pounds, dryed Savin
to the distilled Liquor add earth of Lemnos, three handfu?s, Featherfew, Nep, Penny-
Siletia, and Samos, of each one ounce and royal, of each two handfuls, Bazil, Dittany,
an half, Pearls prepared with the juice of of Crete, of each one handful and a half,
Citrons, three drams, mix them, and keep Orange pills, four ounces, Myrrh two
them together.
ounces, Castoreum one ounce, Canary Wine
Culpeper.] It mightily cools the blood, twelve pounds, digest them four days in a
and therefore profitable in fevers, and all i convenient vessel, then still them in Balnuo
diseases proceeding of heat of blood; it Marie : About the middle of the distilla-
provokes sleep. You may take half an tion strain it out, and make an Hysterical
ounce at a time, or two drams if the party extraction of the residue.
be weak.
Culpeper.] A spoonful of it taken,
Aqua Theriacalis.
eases the fits of the mother in women that
Or Treacle Water.
have them ; it potently expels the after-
College.] Take of the juice of green birth, and clears the body of what a mid-
Walnuts, four pounds, the juice of Rueị wife by heedlessness or accident hath left
three pounds, juice of Carduus, Marigolds, behind; it cleanses the womb exceedingly,
and Bawm, of each two pounds, green and for that I fancy it much, take not above
Petasitis roots one pound and a half, the ța tasterful at a time, and then in the mor-
roots of Burs one pound, Angelica and ning fasting, for it is of a purging quality,
Master-wort, of each half a pound, the and let pregnant women forbear it.

AND) ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
289
Shah Aqua Imperialis.
Carduus water, in a glass, close stopped,
hur focs Or Imperial Water. han and set it in the sun or bath for a fortnight,
The College.] Take of dried Citron, and often shaking it, then distilit in Balneo Mariæ.
Orange pills, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, } Let the two first pounds be kept by them-
of each two ounces, the roots of Cypress, selves for use, and the remainder of the dis-
Orris, Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, stillation by itself: Lastly, mix one ounce
of each one ounce, Zedoary Galanga, of Julep of Alexandria, and a spoonful of
Ginger, of each half an ounce, the tops of Cinnamon water with each pound.
Lavender and Rosemary, of each two Culpeper.] Aqua Protheriacalis, signifies
nandfuls, the leaves of Bay, Marjoram, ja water for Treacle; so then if you put
Bawm, Mints, Sage, Thyme, of each one Diascoridum to it, it is a water for Diasco-
handful, the flowers of white and Damask ridum ; well then, we will take it for a
Roses fresh, of each half a handful, Rose- general water for all physick.
water four pounds, white Wine eight pounds,
Aqua Caponis.
let all of them be bruised and infused
Or Capon Water.
twenty four hours, then distil them accord- College.] Take a Capon the guts being
ing to art.
pulled out, cut in pieces, the fat being
Culpeper.] You must distil it in a bath, ſlaken away, boiled in a sufficiant quantity
and not in sand: Itcomforts and strengthens of spring-water in a close vessel, take of
the heart against faintings and swoonings, this broth three' pounds. Borrage and
and is held to be a preservative against Violet-water, of each a pound and a half;
consumptions and apoplexies. You may white Wine one pound, red rose leaves two.
take half a spoonful at a time.
drams and an half, the flowers of Borrage,
Aqua Mirabilis.
Violets and Bugloss, of each one dram,
College.] Take of Cloves, Galanga, į pieces of bread, hot out of the oven, half
Cubebs, Mace, Cardamoms, Nutmegs, ja pound, Cinnamon bruised, half an ounce,
Ginger, of each one dram, Juice of Celan- į distil it in a glass still according to art.
dine half a pound, spirits of Wine one Culpeper.] The simples are most of
pound, white Wine three pounds, infuse them appropriated to the heart, and in
thern twenty-four hours, and draw off two {truth the composition greatly nourishes and
pounds with an alembick.
strengthens such as are in consumptions,
Culpeper.] The simples also of this, and restores lost strength, either by fevers
regard the stomach, and therefore the water or other sickness : It is a sovereign remedy
heats cold stomachs, besides authors say itįfor hectic fevers, and Marasmos, which
preserves from apoplexies, and restores is nothing else but a consumption coming
lost speech. tror
from them. Let such as are subject to
Aqua Protheriacalis.
these diseases, hold it for a jewel.
College.] Take of Scordium, Scalius, -aib Aqua Limacum Magistr.
Carduus, Goat's Rue, of each two handfuls,
Or Water of Snails.
Citron and Orange pills, of each two ounces, College.] Take of the juice of Ground
the seeds of Citrons, Carduus, Hartwort, Ivy, Colt’s-foot, Scabious, Lungwort, of
Treacle, Mustard, of each one ounce, the each one pound and a half, the juice of
flowers of Marigolds and Rosemary, of Purslain, Plantain, Ambrosia, Paul's Bet-
fach one handful, cut them, and bruise tony, of each a pound, Hog's blood, white
them grossly, then infuse them in four Wine, of each four pounds, Garden Snails,
pounds of white Wine, and two pounds of two pound, dried Tobacco, leaves, erght,

290
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
use this,
powder of Liquorice two ounces, of Ele- College.] Take of green Walnuts a
campane half an ounce, of Orris an ounce, pound and an half, Radish roots one
Cotton seeds an ounce and a half, the pound, green Asarabacca six ounces, Radish
greater cold seeds, Annis seeds of each six seeds, six ounces. Let all of them, being
drams, Saffron one dram, the flowers of bruised, be steeped in three pounds of white
red Roses, six pugils, of Violets and Bor- Wine for three days, then distilled in a
rage, of each four pugils, steep them three leaden still till they be dry.
days warm, and then distil them in a glass
still, in sand.
Culpeper.] It purges the lungs of flegm
TINCT U R E S.
and helps consumptions there. If you
should happen to live where no better nor
Tinctura Croci.
readier medicine can be gotten, you may
Or Tincture of Saffron.
College.] Take two drams of Saffron
Aqua Scordii composita.
eight ounces of Treacle water, digest then.
Or Compound Water of Scordium.
six days, then strain it.
College.] Take of the juice of Goat's Culpeper.] See the virtues of Treac.
Rue, Sorrel, Scordium, Citrons, of each one water, and then know that this strengthens
pound, London Treacle, half a pound, the heart something more, and keeps
steep it three days, and distil it in sand.
Culpeper.] A tasterful taken in the melancholy vapours thence by drinking a
spoonful of it every morning.
morning, preserves from ill airs.
Tinctura Castorü.
Aqua Marie.
College.] Take of Sugar Candy a pound,
Or Tincture of Castoreum.
Canary Wine six ounces, Rose Water four
College.] Take of Castoreum in powder
ounces ; boil it well into a Syrup, and add half an ounce, spirit of Castoreum half a
to it Imperial water two pounds, Amber-pound, digest them ten days cold, strain it,
greese, Musk, of each eighteen grains, and keep the Liquor for Tincture.
Saffron fifteen grains, yellow Sanders in- Culpeper.] A learned invention! "Tis
fused in Imperial water, two drams; make i omething more prevalent than the spirit.
a clear water of it.
Tinctura Fragroram.
Aqua Papaveries composita.
Or Tincture of Strawberries.
Or Peppy Water compound. College.] Take of ripe Wood-straw-
College.] Takeofred Poppies four pounds, berries two pounds, put them in a phial,
sprinkle them with white Wine two pounds, and put so much small spirits of Wine to
then distil them in a common still, let the them, that it may overtop them the thick-
distilled water be poured upon fresh flowers {ness of four fingers, stop the vessel close,
and repeated three times; to which dis- and set it in the sun two days, then strain
tilled water add two Nutmegs sliced, red it, and press it but gently ; pour
this spirit
Poppy flowers a pugil
, Sugar two ounces, to as many fresh Strawberries, repeat this
set it in the sun to give it a pleasing sharp- six times, at last keep the clear liquor for
ness; if the sharpness be more than you your use.
would have it, put some of the same water Culpeper.] A fine thing for Gentlemen
to it which was not set in the sun.
that have nothing else to do with their
Aqua Juglandium composita. money, and it will have a lovely look to
Or Walnut Water compound
please their eyes.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
291
Tinctura Scordii.
Aqua Aluminosa Magistralis.
Or Tincture of Scordium.
College.] Take of Plantain and red
College.] Take of the leaves of Scor- Rose water, of each a pound, roch Alum
dium gathered in a dry time, half a pound, and Sublimatum, .of each two drams; let
digest them in six pounds of small spirits of the Alum and Sublimatum, being in pow-
Wine, in a vessel well stopped, for three der, boil in the waters, in a vessel with a
days, press them out gently, and repeat the narrow mouth till half be consumed, when
infusion three times, and keep the clarified it has stood five days, strain it.
liquor for use.
So is made Tincture of Celandine, Rest-
harrow, and Rosa-solis.
PHYSICAL WINES.
Culpeper.] See the herbs for the vir-
tues, and then take notice that these are
Vinum Absynthitis.
better for cold stomachs, old bodies.
Or Wormwood Wine.
Tinctura Theriacalis vulgo Aqua Theriacalis College.] Take a handful of dried
Ludg. per infus.
Wormwood, for every gallon of Wine, stop
Or Tincture of Treacle.
it in a vessel close, and so let it remain in
College.] Take of Canary Wine often steep: so is prepared wine of Rosemary
times distilled, Vinegar in which half an { flowers, and Eye-bright,
ounce of Rue seeds have been boiled, two} Culpeper.]
Culpeper.] It helps cold stomachs,
pounds choice treacle, the best Mithridate, breaks wind, helps the wind' cholic,
of each half a pound; mix them and set strengthens the stomach, kills worms, and
them in the sun, or heat of a bath, digest helps the green sickness.
them, and keep the water for use.
Rosemary-flower Wine, is made after the
Tinctura Cinnamoni, vulgo, Aqua Clareta
It is good against all cold
Cinnam.
diseases of the head, consumes flegm,
Or Tincture of Cinnamon.
strengthens the gums and teeth.
Coilege.] Take of bruised Cinnamon Eye-bright Wine is made after the same
Wo ounces, rectified spirits of Wine two {manner. It wonderfully clears the sight
pounds, infuse them four days in a large being drank, and revives the sight of elderly
glass stopped with cork and bladder, shake men: A cup of it in the morning is worth
it twice a day, then dissolve half a pound a pair of spectacles.
of Sugar Candy by itself in two pounds of All other Wines are prepared in the same
Rose water, mix both liquors, into which manner.
nang a nodule containing, Ambergris half The best way of taking any of these
a scruple, Musk four grains.
Wines is, to drink a draught of them every
Tinctura Viridis.
morning. You may, if you find your body
Or a green Tincture.
old or cold, make Wine of any other herb,
College.] Take of Verdigris, half an the virtues of which you desire ; and make
ounce, Auripigmentum six drams, Alumit and take it in the same manner.
three drams, boil them in a pound of white Vinum Cerassorum Nigrorum.
Wine till half be consumed, adding, after it
Or Wine of Black Cherries.
is cold, the water of red Roses, and Night- College.] Take a gallon of Black Cherries,
shade, of each six ounces.
keep it in a vessel close stopped till it
Culpeper.] This was made to cleanse begin to work, then filter it, and an ounce
ulcers, but I fancy it not.
of Sugar being added to every pound, let
(29, 30.)
same manner.
4 F

292
THE COMPLETE HERBAL.
it pass through Hippocrates' sleeve, and ſand when it hath stood so four days, take
keep in a vessel close stopped for use. out the Squill.
Vinum Helleboratum.
The virtues of this are the same with
Or Helleborated Wine.
Vinegar of Squills, only it is hotter.
College.] Take of white Hellebore cut
small, four ounces, Spanish Wine two
pounds, steep it in the sun in a phial close
PHYSICAL VINEGARS.
stopped, in the dog days, or other hot
weather.
Acetum distillatum.
Vinum Rubellum.
Or distilled Vinegar.
College.] Take of Stibium, in powder, College.] Fill a glass or stone alembick
one ounce, Cloves sliced two drams, Claret { with the best Vinegar to the third part,
Wine two pounds, keep it in a phial close separate the flegm with a gentle fire, then
shut.
encrease the fire by degrees, and perform
Vinum Benedictum.
the work.
College.] Take of Crocus Metallorum,
Acetum Rosarum.
in powder, one ounce, Mace one dram,
Or Rose Vinegar.
Spanish Wine one pound and an half, steep College.] Takeof red Rose buds, gathered
it.
in a dry time, the whites cut off, dried in
Vinum Antimoniale.
the shade three or four days, one pound,
Or Antimonial Wine.
Vinegar eight sextaries, set them in the sun
College.] Take of Regulus of Antimony, { forty days, then strain out the Roses, and
in powder, four ounces, steep it in three repeat the infusion with fresh ones.
pounds of white Wine in a glass well stopped, After the same manner is made Vinegar
after the first shaking let the Regulus settle. of Elder flowers, Rosemary flowers, and
Culpeper.] These last mentioned are Clove-gilliflowers,
vomits, and vomits are fitting medicines for Culpeper.] For the virtues of all Vine-
but a few, the mouth being ordained to gars, take this one only observatioli, They
take in nourishment, not to cast out ex- carry the same virtues with the flowers
crements, and to regulate a man's body in whereof they are inade, only as we said of
vomiting; and doses of vomits require a Wines, that they were better for cold bodies
deeper study in physic, than I doubt the then the bare simples whereof they are
generality of people yet have; I omit it made; so are Vinegars for hot bodies.
therefore at this time, not because I grudge Besides, Vinegars are often, nay, most com-
it my country, but because I would not monly used externally, viz. to bathe the
willingly have them do themselves a mis- place, then look amongst the simples, and
chief, I shall shortly teach them in what see what place of the body the simple is
diseases vomits may be used, and then, and appropriated to, and you cannot but know
not till then, the use of vomits.
both what Vinegar to use, and to what place
Vinum Scilliticum.
to apply it.
Or Wine of Squills.
Acetum Scilliticum.
College.] Take of a white Squill of the
Or Vinegar of Squils.
mountains, gathered about the rising of the College.] Take of that part of the Squill
dog star, cut it in thin pieces, and dried for which is between the outward bark and the
a month, one pound, put it in a glass bottle, bottom, cut in thin slices, and placed thirty
and pour to it eight pounds of French Wine, or forty days in the sun or some remiss

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
293
heat, then a pound of them (being cut dram, Saffron three drams, of these let the
small with a knife made of ivory or some Saffron, Hart's-horn, Dittany, and Bole,
white wood) being put in a vessel, and six be tied up in a rag, and steeped with the
pounds of Vinegar put to them; set the ves- things before mentioned, in-five pints of
sel, being close stopped, in the sun thirty or Vinegar, for certain days by a temperate
forty days, afterwards strain it, and keep it į heat in a glass well stopped, strain it, and
for use.
add six drams of the best Treacle to it,
Culpeper.] A little of this medicine shake it together, and keep it for your use.
being taken in the morning fasting, and
Acetum Theriacale.
walking half an hour after, preserves the
Or Treacle Vinegar.
body in health, to extreme old age, (as College.] Add to the description of
Sanius tried, who using no other medicine Treacle water,Clove-gilliflowers two ounces,
but this, lived in perfect health till one Lavender flowers an ounce and a half
,
hundred and seventeen years of age) it Rose, and Elder flower Vinegar, of each
makes the digestion good, a long wind, four pounds, digest it without boiling, three
a clear voice, an acute sight, a good colour, days, then 'strain it through Hippocrates'
it suffers no offensive thing to remain in the sleeve.
body, neither wind, rlegm, choler, melan-Culpeper.] See Treacle Water for the
choly, dung, nor urine, but brings thèm virtues, only this is more cool, a little more
forth; it brings forth filth though it lie in fantastical.
the bones, it takes away salt and sour
belchings, though a man be never so licen-
tious in diet, he shall feel no harm: It hath
DECOCTION S.
cured such as have the phthisic, that have
been given over by all Physicians: It cures
Decoctum commune pro clystere.
such as have the falling sickness, gouts, and Or a common Decoction for a Clyster.
diseases and swellings of the joints: It takes College.] Take of Mallows, Violets,
away the hardness of the liver and spleen. Pellitory, Beets, and Mercury, Chamomel
We should never have done if we should flowers, of each one handful, sweet Fennel
reckon up the particular benefits of this seeds half an ounce, Linseeds two drams,
medicine. Therefore we commend it as a boil them in a sufficient quantity of com-
wholesome medicine for soundness of ſmon water to a pound.
body, preservation of health, and vigour of Culpeper.] This is the common decoc-
mind. Thus Galen.
tion for all clysters, according to the qua-
Acetum Theriacale, Norimberg.
lity of the humour abounding, so you may
Or Treacle Vinegar.
add what Simples, or Syrups, or Electuaries
College.] Take of the roots of Celandine you please ; only half a score Linseeds,
greater, one ounce and a half: the roots and a handful of Chamomel flowers are
of Angelica, Masterwort, Gentian, Bistort, added.
Valerian, Burnet, white Dittany, Elecam-
Decoctum Epythimi.
pane, Zedoary, of each one dram, of Plan- Or a Decoction of Epithimum.
tain the greater one dram and a half, the College.] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs,
leaves of Mousear, Sage, Scabious, Scor- and Inds, of each half an ounce, Stoechas,
dium, Dittany of Crete, Carduus, of each Raisins of the sun stoned, Epithimum,
half an handful, barks and seeds of Citrons, Senna, of each one ounce, Fumitory half
of each half a dram, Bole Amoniac one į an ounce, Maudlin five drams, Polipodiun
the

294
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
six drams, Turbith half an ounce, Whey
Decoctum Trumaticum.
inade with Goat's milk, or Heifer's milk four College. Take of Agrimony, Mugwort,
pounds, let them ah boil to two pounds, wild Angelica, St. John's Wort, Mousear,
the Epithimum excepted, which boil but of each two handfuls, Wormwood half a
a second or two, then take it from the fire, handful, Southernwood, Bettony, Bugloss,
and add black Hellebore one dram and Comfrey the greater and lesser, roots and
an half, Agerick half a dram, Sal. Gem. all
, Avens, both sorts of Plantain, Sanicle,
one drani and an half, steep them ten hours, Tormentil with the roots, the buds of Bar-
then press it strongly out.
berries and Oak, of each a handful, all
Culpeper.] It purges melancholy, as these being gathered in May and June
also choler, it resists madness, and all and diligently dried, let them be cut and
diseases coming of melancholy, and there- put up in skins or papers against the time
fore let melancholy people esteem it as a of use, then take of the forenamed herbs
jewel.
three handfuls, boil them in four pounds of
Decoctum Sennce Gereonis.
conduit water and two pounds of white
Or a Decoction of Senna.
Wine gently till half be consumed, strain it,
College.] Take of Senna two ounces, and a pound of Honey being added to it,
Pollipodium half an ounce, Ginger one let it be scummed and kept for use.
dram, Raisins of the sun stoned two į Culpeper.] If sight of a medicine will
ounces, Sebestens, Prunes, of each twelve, do you good, this is as like to do it as any
the flowers of Borrage, Violets, Roses, and I know.
Rosemary, of each two drams, boil them in
four pounds of water till half be consumed.
Culpeper.] It is a common Decoction
for any purge, by adding other simples or
SYRUPS.
compounds to it, according to the quality
of the humour you would have purged,
yet, in itself, it chiefly purges melancholy.
ALTERING SYRUPS.
Decoctum Pectorale.
Or a Pectoral Decoction.
Culpeper.] READER, before we begin
College.] Take of Raisins of the sun with the particular Syrups, I think good to
stoned, an ounce, Sebestens, Jujubes, of advertise thee of these few things, which
each fifteen, Dates six, Figs four, French concern the nature, making, and use of Syrups
Barley one ounce, Liquorice half an ounce, in general. 1. A Syrup is a medicine of
Maiden-hair, Hyssop, Scabious, Colt's-foot, a liquid body, compounded of Decoction,
of each one handful, boil them in three Infusion, or Juice, with Sugar or Honey,
pounds of water till two remain.
and brought by the heat of the fire, into
Culpeper.] The medicine is chiefly ap- the thickness of Honey. 2. Because all
propriated to the lungs, and therefore Honey is not of a thickness, understand
causes a clear voice, a long wind, resists new Honey, which of all other is thinnest.
coughs, hoarseness, asthmas, &c. You 3. The reason why Decoctions, Infusions,
may drink a quarter of a pint of it every Juices, are thus used, is, Because thereby,
morning, without keeping to any diet, for First, They will keep the longer. Secondly,
it purges not.
They will taste the better. 4. In boiling
I shall quote some Syrups fitting to be Syrups have a great care of "their just con-
mixed with it, when I cone to the Syrups.sistence, for if you boil them too much

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
295
they will candy, if too little, they will sour. Syrupus de Acetosus simplex,
5. All simple Syrups have the virtues of Or Syrup of Vinegar simple.
the simples they are made of, and are far College.] Take of clear Water four
inore convenient for weak people, and pounds, white Sugar five pounds, boil them
delicate stomachs.
in a glazed vessel over a gentle fire, scum-
Syrupus de Absinthủo simplex. ming it till half the water be consumed, then
Or Syrup of Wormwood simple. by putting in two pounds of white Wine
The College.] Take of the clarified Juice Vinegar by degrees, perfect the Syrup.
of common Wormwood, clarified Sugar, off Culpeper.] That is, only melt the Sugar
each four pounds, make it into a Syrup ac- with the Vinegar over the fire, scum it, but
cording to art.
After the same manner, boil it not.
are prepared simple Syrups of Betony, Syrupus Acetosus simplicior.
Borrage, Bugloss, Carduus, Chamomel, Or Syrup of Vinegar more simple.
Succory, Endive, Hedge-mustard, Straw- College.] Take of white Sugar five
berries, Fumitory, Ground Ivy, St. John's į pounds, white Wine Vinegar two pounds,
Wort, Hops, Mercury, Mousear, Plantain, by melting it in a bath, make it into a
Apples, Purslain, Rasberries, Sage, Scabi- Syrup.
ous, Scordium, Houseleek, Colt's-foot, Culpeper.] Of these two Syrups let every
Paul's Bettony, and other Juices not sour. one use which he finds by experience to be
Culpeper.] See the simples, "and then best; the difference is but little. They
you may easily know both their virtues, and both of them cut flegm, as also tough,
also that they are pleasanter and fitter for hard viscous humours in the stomach; they
delicate stomachs when they are made into cool the body, quench thirst, provoke urine,
Syrups.
and prepare the stomach before the taking
Syrupus de Absinthio Compositus. of a vomit. If you take it as a preparative
Or Syrup of Wormwood compound. for an emetic, take half an ounce of it when
College.] Take of common Wormwood you go to bed the night before you intend
meanly dry, half a pound, red Roses two it to operate, it will work the easier, but if for
ounces, Indian Spikenard three drams, any of the foregoing occasions, take it with
old white Wine, juice of Quinces, of each {a liquorice stick.
two pounds and an half, steep them a whole Syrupus Acetosus compositus.
day in an earthen vessel, then boil them Or Syrup of Vinegar compound.
gently, and strain it, and by adding two College.] Take of the roots of Smallage,
pounds of sugar, boil it into a Syrup accord- Fennel, Endive, of each three ounces, the
ing to art.
seeds of Annis, Smallage, Fennel, of each
Culpeper.] Mesue is followed verbatim one ounce, of Endive half an ounce, clear
in this ; and the receipt is appropriated to Water six pounds, boil it gently in an earthen:
cold and flegmatic stomachs, and it is an {vessel till half the water be consumed, then
admirable remedy for it, for it strengthens (strain and clarify it, and with three pounds
both stomach and liver, as also the instru- of Sugar, and a pound and a half of white
ments of concoction, a spoonful taken in Wine Vinegar, boil it into a Syrup:
the morning, is admirable for such as have Culpeper.] This in my opinion is a
a weak digestion, it provokes an appetite to gallant Syrup for such whose bodies are
one's victuals, it prevails against the yellow stuffed either with flegm, or tough humours,
jaundice, breaks wind, purges Humours by for it opens obstructions or stoppings both
of the stomach, liver, spleen, and neins,
(29, 30.)
urine.
4 G

296
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
it cuts and brings away tough flegm and four hours in three ounces of white Wine,
choler, and is therefore a special remedy Radish and Fumitory water, of each two
for such as have a stuffing at their stomach. pounds, then boil it away to one pound
Syrupus de Agno Casto.
eight ounces, let it settle, in four ounces of
Or Syrup of Agnus Castus. which, whilst it is warm, dissolve by itself
College.] Take of the seeds of Rue and Gum Ammoniacum, first dissolved in white
Hemp, of each half a dram, of Endive, Wine Vinegar, two ounces, boil the rest
Lettice, Purslain, Gourds, Melons, of each with a pound and an half of white sugar
two drams, of Fleawort half an ounce, of} into a Syrup, adding the mixtures of the
Agnus Castus four ounces, the flowers of Gum at the end.
Water Lilies, the leaves of Mints, of each Culpeper.] It cools the liver, and opens
half a handful, decoction of seeds of Lentils, obstructions both of it and the spleen, helps
and Coriander seeds, of each half an ounce, į old surfeits, and such like diseases, as scabs,
three pounds of the decoction, boil them itch, leprosy, and what else proceed from
all over a gentle fire tíll two pounds be con- the liver over heated. You may take an
sumed, add to the residue, being strained, ounce at a time.
two ounces of juice of Lemons, a pound
Syrupus de Artemisia.
and a half of white sugar, make it into a
Or Syrup of Mugwort.
Syrup according to art.de
College.] Take of Mugwort two hand-
Culpeper.] A pretty Syrup, and good for fuls, Pennyroyal, Calaminth, Origanum,
little.
Bawm, Arsmart, Dittany of Crete, Savin,
Syrupus de Althæa.
Marjoram, Germander, St. John's Wort,
Or Syrup of Marsh-mallows. Camepitis, Featherfew with the flowers,
College.] Take of roots of Marsh-mal-Centaury the less, Rue, Bettony, Bugloss,
lows, two ounces, the roots of Grass Aspara- of each a handful, the roots of Fennel,
gus, Liquorice, Raisins of the Sun stoned, Smallage, Parsley, Sparagus, Bruscus,
of each half an ounce, the tops of Mallows, Saxifrage, Elecampane, Cypress, Madder,
Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Orris, Peony, of each an ounce, Juniper
Burnet, Plantain, Maiden-hair white and Berries, the seeds of Lovage, Parsley,
black, of each a handful, red Cicers an Smallage, Annis, Nigella, Carpobalsamum
ounce, of the four greater and four lesser or Cubebs, Costus, Cassia Lignea, Carda-
cold seeds, of each three drams, boil them moms, Calamus Aromaticus, the roots of
in six pounds of clear Water till fourremain, Asarabacca, Pellitory of Spain, Valerian,
which being strained, boil into a syrup with of each half an ounce, being cleansed, cut,
four pounds of white sugar.
and bruised, let them be infused twenty-
Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling, opening, four hours in fourteen pounds of clear water,
slipery Syrup, and chiefly commendable for and boiled till half be consumed, being
the cholic, stone, or gravel, in the kidneys į taken off from the fire, and rubbed between
or bladder.
your hands whilst it is warm, strain it, and
Die Syrupus de Ammoniaca.
with honey and sugar, of each two pounds,
Do Or Syrup of Ammoniacum. sharp Vinegar fourounces, boil it to a Syrup,
College.] Take of Maudlin and Cetrach, žand perfume it with Cinnamon and Spike-
of each four handfuls, common Wormwood {nard, of each three drams.
an ounce, the roots of Succory, Sparagus, Culpeper.] It helps the passion of the
bark of Caper roots, of each two ounces, {inatrix, and retains it in its place, it dis-
after due preparation steep them twenty- solves the coldness, wind, and pains thereof:

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
297
it strengthens the nerves, opens the pores, jaundice. You may take them with a
corrects the blood, it corrects and provokes Liquorice stick, or take a spoonful in the
the menses. You may take a spoonful of morning fasting.
it at a time.
Syrupus Botryos. Ao
Syrupus de Betonica compositus.
Or Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem.
Or Syrup of Bettony compound. College. Take of Oak of Jerusalem,
College. Take of Bettony three hand-Hedge-mustard, Nettles, of each two hand
fuls, Marjoram four handfuls and a half, fuls, Colt's-foot, one handful and a half,
Thy.de, red Roses, of each a handful, Violets, boil them in a sufficient quantity of clear
Stæechas, Sage, of each half a handful, the water till half be consumed ; to two pounds
seeds of Fennel, Annis, and Ammi, of each of the Decoction, add two pounds of the
half an ounce, the roots of Peons, Poly- Juice of Turnips baked in an oven in a
podiuin, and Fennel, of each five drams, close pot, and with three pounds of white
boil them in six pounds of river water, to sugar, boil it into a Syrup.
three pounds, strain it, and add juice of Culpeper.] This Syrup was composed
Bettony two pounds, sugar three pounds against coughs, shortness of breath, and
and a half, make it into a Syrup. other the like infirmities of the breast pro-
Culpeper.] It helps diseases coming of ceeding of cold, for which (if you can get
cold, Loth in the head and stoinach, as also šit) you may take it with a Liquorice stick.
such as come of wind, vertigos, madness; Syrupus Capillorum Veneris.
it concocts melancholy, it provokes the Or Syrup of Maiden-hair. sh
menses, and so doth the simple Syrup more College.] Take of Liquorice two ounces,
than the compound.
Maiden-hair five ounces, steep them a
Syrupus Byzantinus, simple. natural day in four pounds of warm water,
College.] Take of the Juice of the leaves then after gentle boiling, and strong strain-
of Endive and Smallage, of each two pounds, ing, with a pound and a half of fine sugar
of Hops and Bugloss, of each one pound, make it into a Syrup.
se dosta
boil them together and scum them, and to Culpeper.] It opens stoppings of the
the clarified liquor, add four pounds of stomach, strengthens the lungs, and helps
white sugar, to as much of the juices, and the infirmities of them. This may be taken
with a gentle fire boil it to a Syrup. also either with a Liquorice stick, or mixed
Syrupus Byzantinus, compound. with the Pectoral Decoction like Syrup of
College.] Take of the Juices so ordered Coltsfoot.
FOOT
as in the former, four pounds, in which boil Syrupus Cardiacus, vel Julepum Cardiacum.:
red Roses, two ounces, Liquorice half an
Or a Cordial Syrup.
ounce, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, and College.] Take of Rhenish Wine two
Smallage, of each three drams, Spikenard į pounds, Rose Water two ounces and a half,
two drams, strain it, and to the three pounds Cloves two scruples, Cinnamon half an
remaining, add two pounds of Vinegar, dram, Ginger two scruples, Sugar three
four pounds of Sugar, make it into a syrup ounces and a half, boil it to the consistence
according to art.
of a Julep, adding Ambergris- three
Culpeper.] They both of them (viz. grains, Musk one grain..
both Simple and Compound) open stopp- Culpeper.] If you would have this Julep.
ings of the stomach. liver, and splcen, help keep long, you may put in more sugar,
the rickets in children, cut and bring and yet if close stopped, it will not easily
away tough flegm, and help the yellow corrupt because it is made up only of Wines

298
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
indeed the wisest way is to order the quan- a pound, Sugar two pounds, make it into
tity of sugar according to the palate of a Syrup like Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers.
him that takes it. It restores such as are Culpeper.] It prevails against all dis-
in consumptions, comforts the heart, eases proceeding from choler, or heat of
cherishes the drooping spirits, and is of an blood, fevers, both pestilential, and not
opening quality, thereby carrying away pestilential; it resists poison, cools the
those vapours which might otherwise annoy blood, quenches thirst, cures the vertigo,
the brain and heart: You may take an or dizziness in the head.
ounce at a time, or two if you please. College.] After the same manner is
Syrupus infusionis forum Čariophillorum. made Syrups of Grapes, Oranges, Bar-
Or Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers. berries, Cherries, Quinces, Lemons, Wood-
College.] Take a pound of Clove-gilli- sorrel, Mulberries, Sorrel, English Currants,
flowers, the whites being cut off, infuse them and other sour Juices.
a whole night in two pounds of water, then | Culpeper.] If you look the simples you
with four pounds of sugar melted in it, may see the virtues of them: they all cool
make it into a Syrup without boiling. and comfort the heart, and strengthen the
Culpeper.] This Syrup is a fine tem- stomach, Syrup of Quinces stays vomiting:
perate Syrup: it strengthens the heart, so doth all Syrup of Grapes.
liver, and stomach ; it refreshes the vital Syrupus Corticum Citriorum.
spirits, and is a good cordial in fevers
Or Syrup of Citron Pills.
and usually mixed with other cordials, you College.] Take of fresh yellow Citron
can hardly err in taking it, it is so harm- Pills five ounces, the berries of Chermes,
less a Syrup.
or the juice of them brought over to us,
Syrupus de Cinnamomo.
two drams, Spring Water four pounds,
Or Syrup of Cinnamon. steep them all night, boil them till half be
College.] Take of Cinnamon grossly consumed, taking off the scum, strain it,
bruised, four ounces, steep it in white and with two pounds and a half of sugar
Wine, and small Cinnamon Water, of each boiled it into a Syru :: let half of it be
half a pound, three days, in a glass, by a without Musk, but perfume the other hali
gentle heat; strain it, and with a pound with three grains of Musk tied up in a rag.
and a half of sugar, boil it gently to a Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach,
Syrup.
resists poison, strengthens the heart, and
Culpeper.] It refreshes the vital spirits resists the passions thereof, palpitation,
exceedingly, and cheers both heart and į faintings, swoonings ; it strengthens the
stomach languishing through cold, it helps vital spirits, restores such as are in coll-
digestion exceedingly, and strengthens the sumptions, and hectic fevers, and strengthens
whole body. You may take a spoonful at nature much. You may take a spoonful
a time in a condial.
at a time.
College.] Thus also you inay con-
Syrupus e Coralliis simplex.
veniently prepare Syrups (but only with Or Syrup of Coral simple.
white Wine,) of Annis seeds, sweet Fennel College.] Take of red Coral in very fine
seeds, Cloves, Nutmegs, Ginger, &c powder four ounces, dissolve it in clarified
Syrupus Acetositatis Citriorum. juice of Barberries in the heat of a bath,
Or Syrup of Juice of Citrons. a pound, in a glass well stopped with wax
College.] Take of the Juice of Citrons, and cork, a digestion being made three or
strained without expression, and cleansed, four days, pour off what is dissolved, put

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
in fresh clarified juice, and proceed as be- take a spoonful of it before meat, for
fore, repeat this so often till all the coral vomiting after meat, for both, as also for
be dissolved ; lastly, to one pound of this the rest, in the morning.
juice add a pound and a half of sugar, and
Syrupus de Erysimo. .
boil it to a Syrup gently.
Or Syrup of Hedge-mustard.
Syrupus e Coralliis compositus.
College.] Take of Hedge-mustard, fresh,
Or Syrup of Coral compound. six handfuls, the roots of Elecampane,
College.] Take of red Coral six ounces, Colt’s-foot, Liquorice, of each two ounces,
in very fine powder, and levigated upon Borrage, Succory, Maiden-hair, of each a
a marble, add of clarified juice of Lemons, handful and a half, the cordial flowers,
the flegm being drawn off in a bath, sixteen Rosemary and Bettony, of each half a hand-
ounces, clarified juice of Barberries, eight ful, Annis seeds half an ounce, Raisins of
ounces, sharp white Wine Vinegar, and juice the sun stoned, two ounces, let all of them,
of Wood-sorrel, of each six ounces, mix them being prepared according to art, be boiled
together, and put them in a glass stopped in a sufficient quantity of Barley Water
with cork and bladder, shaking it every { and Hydromel, with six ounces of juice of
day till it have digested eight days in a} Hedge-mustard to two pounds and a half,
bath, or horse dung, then filter it, of which the which, with three pounds of sugar, Isoil
take a pound and a half, juice of Quinces it into a Syrup according to art.
half a pound, sugar of Roses twelve ounces, Culpeper.] It was invented against
make them into a Syrup in a bath, adding cold afflictions of the breast and lungs, as
Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers sixteen ounces, asthmas, hoarseness, &c. You may take
keep it for use, omitting the half dram of}it either with a Liquorice stick, or which is
Ambergris, and four grains of Musk better, mix an ounce of it with three or
till the physician command it.
four ounces of Pectoral Decoction, and
Culpeper.] Syrup of Coral both simple drink it off warın in the morning.
and compound, restore such as are in con-
Syrupus de Fumaria.
sumptions, are of a gallant cooling nature,
Or Syrup of Fumitory.
especially the last, and very cordial, good College.] Take of Endive, common
for hectic fevers, it stops Huxes, the run- Wormwood, Hops, Dodder, Hart's-tongue,
ning of the reins, and the Fluor Albus, helps of each a handful, Epithimum an ounce
such as spit blood, and such as have the and a half, boil them in four pounds of
falling-sickness, it stays the menses. Half} water till half be consumed, strain it, and
a spoonful in the morning is enough. add the juice of Fumitory a pound and a
Syrupus Cydoniorum.
half, of Borrage and Bugloss, of each half
Or Syrup of Quinces.
a pound, white sugar four pounds, make
College.] Take of the Juice of Quinces them into a Syrup according to art.
clarified six pounds, boil it over a gentle fire Culpeper.] The receipt is a pretty con-
till half of it be consumed, scumming it, cocter of melancholy, and therefore a
adding red wine three pounds, white sugar rational help for diseases arising thence,
four pounds, boil it into a Syrup, to be per- į both internal and external, it helps diseases
fumed with a dram and a half of Cinnamon, of the skin, as Leprosies, Cancers, Warts,
Cloves and G'nger, of each two scruples. Corns, Itch, Tetters, Ringworms, Scabs, &c.
Culpeper.] It strengthens the heart and and it is the better to be liked, because of
stomach, stays looseness and vomiting, } its gentleness. It helps surfeits exce
ceedingly,
relieves languishing nature: for looseness, cleanses, cools, and strengthens the liver,
(29, 30.)
4 н

300
3. THE COMPLETE HERBAL
half of sugar.
and causes it to make good blood, and good the fruits the seeds, and the seeds the herbs,
blood cannot make bad flesh. I commend about a quarter of an hour ; at last, five
this receipt to those whose bodies are sub-pounds of water being consumed, boil the
ject to scabs and itch. If you please you other three (being first strained and clari-
may take two ounces by itself every morn-fied) into a Syrup with two pounds and a
ing
Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza.
Culpeper.] It mightily strengthens the
Or Syrup of Liquorice.
breast and lungs, causes long wind, clears
College.] Take of green Liquorice, the voice, is a good remedy against coughs
scraped and bruised, two ounces, white Use it like the Syrup of Liquorice.
Maiden-hair an ounce, dryed Hyssop half Syrupus Ive arthritica, sive Chameepityos
.
an ounce, steep these in four pounds of hot Or Syrup of Chamepitys.
water, after twenty-four hours, boil it till College.] Take of Chamepitys, two hand-
half be consumed, strain it, and clarify it, fuls, Sage, Rosemary, Poley Mountain,
and with Honey, Penids, and Sugar, of each Origanum, Calaminth, wild Mints, Penny
eight ounces, make it into a Syrup, adding, royal, Hyssop, Thyme, Rue, garden and
before it be perfectly boiled, red Rose wild, Bettony, Mother of Thyme, of each a
Water six ounces.
handful, the roots of Acorns, Birthwort long
Culpeper.] It cleanses the breast and and round, Briony, Dittany, Gentian,
Jungs, and helps continual coughs and Hog's Fennel, Valerian, of each half an
pleurisies. You may take it with a ounce, the roots of Smallage, Asparagus,
Liquorice stick, or add an ounce of it or Fennel
, Parsley, Bruscus, of each an ounce,
more to the Pectoral Decoction.
Pellitory of Spain, an ounce and a half,
Syrupus Granatorum cum Aceto; vulgo, Stochas, the seeds of Annis, Ammi, Cara-
Oxysaccharum simpler.
way, Fennel, Lovage, Hartwort, of each
Or Syrup of Pomegranates with Vinegar. ; three drams, Raisins of the sun two ounces,
College.] Take of white sugar a pound boil them in ten pounds of water to four,
and a half, juice of Pomegranates eight to which add honey and sugar, of each two
ounces, white Wine Vinegar four ounces, pounds, make it into a Syrup to be per-
boil it gently into a Syrup.
fumed with Sugar, Nutmegs, and Cubebs,
Culpeper.] Look the virtues of Pome- of each three drams.
granates among the simples
.
Syrupus Jujubinus.
Syrupos de Hyssopo.
Or Syrup of Jujubes.
Or Syrup of Hyssop.
College.] Take of Jujubes, Violets, fire
College.] Take eight pounds of Spring drams, Maiden-hair, Liquorice, French
Water, half an ounce of Barley, boil it Barley, of each an ounce, the seeds of
about half an hour, then add the Roots of Mallows five drams, the seeds of white
Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, Liquorice, of Poppies, Melons, Lettice, (seeds of Quinces
each ten drams, Jujubes, Sebestens, of each and Gum Tragacanth tied up in a rag)
fifteen, Raisins of the sun stoned, an ounce of each three drams, boil them in six
and a lialf, Figs, Dates, of each ten, the pounds of rain or spring water till half be
seeds of Mallows and Quinces, Gum Tra- consumed, strain it, and with two pounds
gacanth tied up in a rag, of each three of sugar make it into a Syrup.
drams, Hyssop meanly dryed, len drams, Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling Syrup,
Maiden-hair six drams, boil them together, very available in coughs, boarseness, and
yet so, that the roots may precede the fruits, pleurisies, ulcers of the lungs and bladder,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
301
as also in all inflammations whatsoever. 1 ounce, the leaves of Bawm, Scabious,
You may take a spoonful of it once in three Devil's-bit, the flowers of both sorts of
or four hours, or if you please take it with Bugloss, and Rosemary, of each a handful,
a Liquorice stick.
the seeds of Sorrel, Citrons, Fennel, Car-
Syrupus de Meconio, sive Diacodium. duus, Bazil, of each three drams, boil them
Or Syrup of Meconium, or Diacodium. in four pounds of water till half be con-
College.] Take of white Poppy heads z sumed, strain it, and add three pounds of
with their seeds, gathered a little after the white sugar, juice of Bawm and Rose
flowers are fallen off, and kept three days, Water, of each half a pound, boil them to
eightounces, black Poppy heads (so ordered) ja Syrup, the which perfume with Cinnamon
six ounces, rain Water eight pounds, steep and yellow Sanders, of each half an ounce.
them twenty-four hours, then boil and press Culpeper.] It is an excellent cordial,
them gently, boil it to three pounds, and and strengthens the heart, breast, and
with twenty-four ounces of sugar boil it stomach, it resists melancholy, revives the
into a Syrup according to art.
spirits, is given with good success in fevers,
Syrupus de Meconio compositus. it strengthens the memory, and relieves
Or Syrup of Meconium compound. languishing nature. You may take a spoon-
College.] Take of white and black full of it at a time.
Poppy heads with their seeds, fifty drams,
Syrupus de Mentha.
Maiden-hair fifteen drams, Jujubes thirty,
Or Syrup of Mints.
the seeds of Lettice, forty drams, of Mal- College.] Take of the juices of Quinces
lows and Quinces tied up in a ray, a dram sweet and between sweet and sour, the juice
and a half, Liquorice five drams, water of Pomegranates sweet, between sweet and
eight pounds, boil it according to art, strain {sour, and sour, of each a pound and a half,
it, and to three pounds of Decoction add { dried Mints half a pound, red Roses two
Sugar and Penids, of each one pound, make ounces, let them lie in steep one day, then
it into a Syrup.
boil it half away, and with four pounds of
Culpeper.] Meconium is nothing else but sugar boil it into a Syrup according to ari:
the juice of English Poppies boiled till it perfume it not unless the Physicians con-
be thick: It prevails against dry coughs, į mand.
phthisicks, hot and sharp gnawing rheums, Culpeper.] The Syrup is in quality bind-
and provokes sleep. It is an usual fashioning, yet it comforts the stomach much,
for nurses when they have heated their milk helps digestion, stays vomiting, and is as
by exercise or strong liquor (no marvel then excellent a remedy against sour or offensive
if their children be froward) then run for belchings, as any is in the Dispensatory
Syrup of Poppies, to make their young Take a spoonful of it after meat.
ones sleep. I would fain have that fashion
Syrupus de Mucilaginibus.
left, therefore I forbear the dose; let
Or Syrup of Mussilages.
nurses keep their own bodies temperate, and College.] Take of the seeds of Marsh-
their children will sleep well enough, never { mallows, Mallows, Quinces, of each an
fear.
ounce, Gum Tragacanth three drams, let
Syrupus Melissophylli..
these infuse six hours in warm Decoction of
Or Syrup of Bawm..
Mallows, white Poppy seeds, and Winter
College. Take of the Bark of Bugloss Cherries, then press out the Mussilage to
roots, an ounce, the roots of white Dittany, jan ounce and an half, with which, and
Cinquefoil
, Scorzonera, of each half an three ounces of tlie aforesaid Decoction,

302
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
and two ounces of sugar, make a Syrup: boil them in four pounds of clear water
according to art.
till one be consumed, strain it, and add halt
Culpeper.] A spoonful taken by itself, {a pound of red Rose water, white
sugar
or in any convenient liquor, is excellent for four pounds, boil it into a Syrup according
any sharp corroding humours be they inįto art.
what part of the body soever, phthisicks, Culpeper.] They are both fine cooling
bloody-flux, stone in the reins or bladder, Syrups, allay the heat of choler, and pro-
or ulcers there: it is excellent good for voke sleep, they cool the body, both head,
such as have taken purges that are too heart, liver, reins, and matrix, and there-
strong for their bodies, for by its slippery fore are profitable for lot diseases in either,
nature it helps corrosions, and by its cool- you may take an ounce of it at a time when
ing helps inflammations.
your stomach is empty.
be
Syrupus Myrtinus.
Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, sive Rubro.
Or Syrup of Myrtles.
College.] Take of Myrtle Berries two
erg Or Syrup of Erratic Poppies.
ounces and an half
, Sanders white and red, i red Poppies two pounds, steep them in
College.] Take of the fresh flowers of
Sumach, Balaustines, Barberry stones, red four pounds of warm spring water, the next
Roses, of each an ounce and a half
, Med- day strain it, and boil it into a Syrup with
lars half a pound, bruise them in cight its equal weight in sugar.
juice of Quinces and sour Pomegranates
, I . Culpeper.] The Syrup cools the blood,
juice of Quinces and sour Pomegranates, belps surfeits, and may safely be given in
of each six ounces, then with three pounds frenzies, fevers, and hot agues.
of sugar, boil it into a Syrup.
Culpeper.] The Syrup is of a very bind-
Syrupus de Pilosella.
ing, yet comforting nature, it helps such as
Or Syrup of Mousear.
spit blood, all fluxes of the belly, or corro- College.] Take of Mousear three hand-
sions of the internal parts, it strengthens the fuls, the roots of Lady’s-mantle an ounce
retentive faculty, and stops immoderate and an half, the roots of Comfrey the
Aux of menses. A spoonful at a time is greater, Madder, white Dittany, Tormentil,
the dose.
Bistort, of each an ounce, the leaves of
Syrupus Florum Nymphe simplex. Wintergreen, Horsetail, Ground Ivy, Plan-
Or Syrup. of Water-Lily flowers, simple. {tain, Adder's Tongue, Strawberries, St.
College.] Take of the whitest of white John's Wort with the flowers, Golden Rod,
Water-Lily flowers, a pound, steep them in Agrimony, Bettony, Burnet, Avens, Cinque-
three pounds of warm water six or seven foil the greater, red Coleworts, Balaustines,
hours, let them boil a little, and strain them { red Roses, of each a handful, boil them
out, put in the same weight of flowers again gently in six pounds of Plantain Water to
the second and third time, when you have three, then strain it strongly, and when it is
strained it the last time, add its weight of settled, add Gum Tragacanth, the seeds of
sugar to it, and boil it to a Syrup.
Fleawort, Marsh-mallows and Quinces,
Syrupus Forum Nymphe compositus. made into a Mussilage by themselves in
Syrup of Water-Lily flowers compound. Strawberry and Bettony Water, of each
College.]
Take of white Water-Lily three ounces, white sugar two pounds, boil
flowers half a pound, Violets two ounces, it to the thickness of honey.
Lettice two handfuls, the seeds of Lettice, Culpeper.] It is drying and healing, and
Purslain, and Gourds, of each half an ounce, therefore good for ruptures

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
303
Syrupus infusionis florum Pæonie.
Syrupus de Prasio.
Or Syrup of the infusion of Peony flowers.
Or Syrup of Horehound.
College.] It is prepared in the same
College.] Take of white Horehound
manner as Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers.
fresh, two ounces, Liquorice, Polipodium
Syrupus de Peonia compositus.
of the Oak, Fennel, and Smallage roots,
of each half an ounce, white Maiden-hair,
Or Syrup of Peony compound.
Origanum, Hyssop, Calaminth, Thyme,
College.] Take of the Roots of both Savory, Scabious, Colt’s-foot, of each six
sorts of Peony taken up at the full Moon, drams, the seeds of Annis and Cotton, of
cut in slices, and steeped in white Wine each three drams, Raisins of the sun stoned
a whole day, of each an ounce and an half, two ounces, fat Figs ten, boil them in eight
Contra Yerva half an ounce, Siler Moun- pounds of Hydromel till half be consumed,
tain six drams, Elk’s Claws an ounce, Rose-boil the Decoction into a Syrup with honey
mary with the flowers on, one handful, and sugar, of each two pounds, and per-
Bettony, Hyssop, Origanum, Chamepitys, } fume it with an ounce of the roots of Orris
Rue, of each three drams, Wood of Aloes, Florentine.
Cloves, Cardamoms the less, of each two
Culpeper.] It is appropriated to the
drams, Ginger, Spikenard, of each a dram, breast and lungs, and is a fine cleanser to
Stochas, Nutmegs, of cach two drams and
purge them from thick and putrified flegm,
an half, boil them after one day's warm it helps phthisicks and coughs, and diseases
digestion, in a sufficient quantity of distilled subject to old men, and cold natures,
water of Peony roots, to four pounds, in Take it with a Liquorice stick.
which (being strained through Hippocrates'
sleeve) put four pounds and an half of
Syrupus de quinq. Radicibus.
Or Syrup of the five opening Roots.
white sugar, and boil it to a Syrup.
Culpeper.] It helps the falling-sickness, Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus Sparagus of
College.] Take of the roots of Smallage,
and convulsions.
each two ounces, spring Water, six pounds,
Syrupus de Pomis aiterans.
boil away the third part, and make a Syrup
Or Syrup of Apples.
with the rest according to art, with three
College.] Take four pounds of the juice pounds of sugar, adding eight ounces of
of sweet scented Apples, the juice of Bug- white Wine Vinegar, towards the latter
loss, garden and wild, of Violet" leaves, end.
Rose Water, of each a pound, boil them Culpeper.] It cleanses and opens very
together, and clarify them, and with six well
, is profitable against obstructions, pro-
pounds of pure sugar, boil it into a Syrup vokes urine, cleanses the body of flegm,
according to art.
and is safely and profitably given in the
Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling Syrup beginning of fevers. An ounce at a time
for such whose stomachs are overpressed upon an empty stomach is a good dose.
with heat, and may safely be given in
Syrupus Raphani.
fevers, for it rather loosens than binds :
Or Syrup of Radishes.
it breeds good blood, and is profitable in College.] Take of garden and wild
hectic fevers, and for such as are troubled Radish roots, of each an ounce, the roots
with palpitation of the heart, it quenches of white Saxifrage, Lovage, Bruscus,
thirst admirably in fevers, and stays hic- Eringo, Rest-harrow, Parsley, Fennel, of
coughs. You may take an ounce of it at each half an ounce, the leaves of Bettony,
a time in the morning, or when you need: Burnet, Pennyroyal, Nettles, Water-cresses,
(31, 32.)
4 I

304
CIDA THE COMPLETE HERBAL
an
SIEBORG 1
manner.
Samphire, Maiden-hair, of each one hand- and Cotton, of each three drams, boil them
ful, Winter Cherries, Jujubes, of each ten, all (the roots being infused in white Wine
the seeds of Bazil, Bur, Parsley of Mace- the day before) in a sufficient quantity of
donia, Hartwort, Carraway, Carrots, Grom- Wine and Water to eight ounces, strain it;
well, the bark of the root of Bay-tree, of and adding four ounces of the Juice of
each two drams, Raisins of the sun stoned, Scabious, and ten ounces of sugar, boil it
Liquorice, of each six drams, boil them into a Syrup, adding to it twenty drops of oil
twelve pounds of water to eight, strain it, of sulphur. muk ab 20 mive
and with four pounds of sugar, and two Culpeper.] It is a cleansing Syrup ap-
pounds of honey, make it into a Syrup, propriated to the breast and lungs, when
and perfume it with an ounce of Cinnamon, you perceive them oppressed by flegm,
and half an ounce of Nutmegs. OwH5.59 1'crudites, or stoppings, your remedy is to
Culpeper.] A tedious long medicine for take now and then a spoonful of this Syrup,
tlie stone.
Jol 197 Pot utbuerit is taken also with good success by such
Syrupus Regius, alias Julapium Alexandrinum. as are itchy, or scabby. Te guiddels nous
Метр
Or Julep of Alexandria. w elisel
I Syrupus de Scolopendrio. Ji 99
College.] Boil four pounds of Rose-UTVE Or Syrup of Hart's-tongue. Indeguise
water, and one pound of white Sugar into College.] Take of Hart's-tongue three
a Julep. Julep of Roses is made with handfuls, Polypodium of the Oak, the
Damask Rose water, in the very same roots of both sorts of Bugloss, bark of the
roots of Capers and Tamerisk, of each two
Culpeper.] Two fine cooling drinks in ounces, Hops, Dodder, Maiden-hair, Bawm,
the heat of summer.
of each two handfuls, boil them in nine
Syrupus de Rosis siccis. fi guls pounds of Spring water to five, and strain
mons
Or Syrup of dried Roses. it, and with four pounds of white sugar,
College.] Make four pounds of spring make it into a Syrup according to art.
water hot, in which infuse a pound of dried Culpeper.] It helps the stoppings of
Roses, by some at a time, press them ont melancholy, opens obstructions of the liver
and with two pounds of sugar, boil it into and spleen, and is profitable against splen-
a Syrup according to art.
etic evils, and therefore is a choice remedy
Culpeper.] Syrup of dried Roses, strength for the disease which the vulgar call the
ens the heart, comforts the spirits, binds {rickets, or liver-grown: A spoonful in a
the body, helps fluxes, and corrosions, or morning is a precious remedy for children
gnawings of the bowels, it strengthens the troubled with that disease. Men that are
stomach, and stays vomiting.
You
may troubled with the spleen, which is known
take an ounce at a time, before meat, if for by pain and hardness in their left side, may
fluxes; after meat if for vomiting.
take three or four spoonfuls, they shall find
Syrupus Scabiose.
this one receipt worth the price of the whole
Or Syrup of Scabious.
book.
College.] Take of the roots of Elecam-
pane, and Polypodium of the Oak, of each
two ounces, Raisins of the sun stoned an College.] Take of 'Stoechas flowers four
ounce, Sebestens twenty, Colt's-foot, Lung- ounces, Rosemary flowers half an ounce,
wort, Savory, Calaminth, of each a hand- Thyme, Calaminth, Origanum, of each an
ful and an half, Liquorice, Spanish Tobacco, ounce and an half, Sage, Bettony, of each
of each half an qunce, the seeds of Nettles 1 half
an ounce, the seeds of Rue, Peony, and
Few Bid
Syrupus de Stæchade. il coban
Syrup of Stoechas.acord a

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
305
Fennel, of each three drams, spring water the water of Violet flowers and sugar, like
ten pounds, boil it till half be consumed, } Julep of Roses.
cartoon Water
and with honey and sugar, of each two Culpeper.] It is cooling and pleasant.
pounds, boil it into a Syrup, which perfume at
MOTECTOS
TOWHH Grob
with Cinnamon, Ginger, and Calmus oli to DOT 907 10 lied ads slow
Aromaticus, of each two drams tied up in { banate PURGING SYRUPS. owi dos9
a rag. q no voy di atabs girmy med to
monipid
Syrupus de Symphyto. I doiste Syrupus de Cichorio cum Rhubarbaro.
Or s
Or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb.
College.] Take of roots and tops of} College.] Take of whole Barley, the
Comfrey, the greater and lesser, of each roots of Smallage, Fennel, and Sparagus,
three handfuls, red Roses, Bettony, Plantain, of each two ounces, Succory, Dandelyon,
Burnet, Knot grass, Scabious, Colt's foot, } Endive, smooth Sow-thistles, of each two
of each two handfuls, press the juice out of handfuls, Lettuce, Liverwort, Fumitory,
them all, being green and bruised, boil it, { tops of Hops, of each one handful, Maiden-
scun it, and strain it, add its weight of hair, white and black, Cetrachs, Liquorice,
sugar to it that it may be made into a Syrup, winter Cherries, Dodder, of each six drams,
according to art.
to boil these take sixteen pounds of spring
Culpeper.] The Syrup is excellent for water, strain the liquor, and boil in it six
all inward wounds and bruises, excoriations, pounds of white sugar, adding towards the
vomitings, spittings, or evacuation of blood, end six ounces of Rhubarb, six drams of
it unites broken bones, helps ruptures, and | Spikenard, bound up in a thin slack rag,
stops the menses: You cannot err in taking the which crush often in boiling, and so
foretok to shat make it into a Syrup according to art.
UTO 91 Syrupus Violarum. il Culpeper. ]. It cleanses the body of venem-
Or Syrup of Violets.
ous humours, as boils, carbuncles, and the
to College.] Take of Violet flowers fresh } like; it prevails against pestilential fevers,
and picked, a pound, clear water made it strengthens the heart and nutritive virtue,
boiling hot, two pounds, shut them up close { purges by stool and urine, it makes a man
together into a new glazed pot, a whole have a good stomach to his meat, and pro-
day, then press them hard out, and in two vokes sleep. But by my author's leave,
pounds of the liquor dissolve four pounds I never accounted purges to be proper
and three ounces of white sugar, take away physic in pestilential fevers ; this I believe,
the
scum, and so make it into a Syrup with- } the Syrup cleanses the liver well, and is
out boiling. Syrup of the juice of Violets, exceeding good for such as are troubled
is made with its double weight of sugar, like with hypocondriac melancholy. The strong
the former.
may take two ounces at a time, the weak,
Culpeper.] This Syrup cools and moistens, one, or you may mix an ounce of it with
and that very gently, it corrects the sharp- the Decoction of Senna.
ness of choler, and gives ease in hot vices of
Syrupus de Epithymo.
the breast, it quenches thirst in acute fevers, Or Syrup of Epithimum.
and resist the heat of the disease; it com- College.] Take of Epithimum twenty
forts hot stomachs exceedingly, cools the drams, Mirobalans, Citron, and Indian of
liver and heart, and resists putrefaction, each fifteen drams, Emblicks, Bellorieks,
pestilence, and poison.
Polypodium, Liquorice Agrick, Thyme,
College.] Julep of Violets is made of Calaminth, Bugloss, Stoechas of each six
of it.

806
a THE COMPLETE HERBALIK
w
PUT
drams, Dodder, Fumitory, of each ten Culpeper.] The Syrup is a cooling purge,
drams, red Roses, Annis-seeds and sweet and tends to rectify the distempers of theoj
Fennel seeds of each two drams and an blood, it purges choler and melancholy, and I
half, sweet Prunes ten, Raisins of the sun therefore inust needs be effectual both in
stoned four ounces, Tamarinds two ounces yellow and black jaundice, madness, scurfslo
and an half, after twenty-four hours infusion leprosy, and scabs, it is very gentle. 1- Thel
in ten pints of spring water, boil it away dose is from one ounce to three, according 7
to six, then take it from the fire and strain as the body is in age and strength. Ani
it, and with five pounds of fine sugar boil ounce of it in the morning is excellent for a
it inty Syrup according to art.
such children as break out in scabs.
Culpeper.] It is best to put in the Dod- }
Syrupus de Pomis magistralis
der, Stochas and Agarick, towards the Or Syrup of Apples magisterial
latter end of the Decoction. It purges melan- College.] Take of the Juice and Water
Pontos
choly, and other humours, it strengthens of Apples of each a pound and an hall
,
the stomach and liver, cleanses the body of
the Juice and Water of Borrage and Bug-
addust choler and addust blood, as also of
loss of each nine ounces, Senna half a
salt humours
, and helps diseases proceeding pound, Annis seeds, and sweet Fennel seeds,
from these, as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, of each three drams, Epithimum of Crete,
leprosy, &c. A man may take two ounces
at a time, or add one ounce to the Decoc-half an ounce, Ginger, Mace, of each four
two ounces, Agarick, Rhubarb, of each
tion of Epithimum.
Syrupus e Floribus Persicorum.
scruples, Cinnamon two scruples, Saffron
half a dram, infuse the Rhubarb and Cin-
Or Syrup of Peach-flowers,
College.] Take of fresh Peach-flowers Juice of Apples, of each two ounces, let
namon apart by itself, in white Wine and
a pound, steep them a whole day in three all the rest, the Saffron excepted, be steeped
pounds of warm water, then boil a little and in the Waters above mentioned, and the
strain it out, repeat this infusion five times
in the same liquor, in three pounds of which boiled, scummed, and strained, then with
next day put in the juices, which being
dissolve two pounds and an half of sugar four ounces of white sugar boil it into a
and boil it into a Syrup.
Culpeper.] It is a gentle purger of Syrup, crushing the saffron in it being tied
choler, and may be given even in fevers to barb being added at the latter end.
choler, and may be given even in fevers to up in a linen rag, the infusion of the Rhu-
draw away the sharp choleric humours.
i bytte Syrupus de Pomis purgans.
Culpeper.] Out of doubt this is a gallant
bol. Or Syrup of Apples purging.
Syrup to purge choler and melancholy,
and to resist madness.
College.]. Take of the juice of sweet
Folloa
smelling Apples two puunds, the juice of
Syrupus de Rhubarbaro.
ho
Borrage and Bugloss of each one pound
Or Syrup of Rhubarb. Sath
and an half, Senna two ounces, Annis seeds College.] Take of the best Rhubarb and
half an ounce, Saffron one dram, let the Senna of each two ounces and an half,
Senna be steeped in the juices twenty-four Violet flowers a handful, Cinnamon one
hours, and after a boil or two strain it, dram and an half, Ginger half a dram,
and with two pounds of white sugar boil Bettony, Succory and Bugloss Water of
it to a Syrup according to art, the saffron each one pound and an half, let them be
being tied up in a rag, and often crushed mixed together warm all night, and in the
in the boiling pools
niet morning strained and boiled into a Syrup,
000

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
307
with two pounds of white sugar, adding provokes the menses, purges the stomach
towards the end four ounces of Syrup off and liver, and provokes urine. Gecesib
Roses. vlonioashtag biss Tolong togetheboot Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Helleboro. 91
Culpeper.] It cleanses choler and melan- $ Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Hellebore,
choly very gently, and therefore fit for College.] Take of the bark of all the
children, told people, and weak bodies. Myrobalans, of each fourounces, bruise them
You may add an ounce of it to the Decoc- grossly, and steep them twenty four hours
tion of Epithimum or to the Decoction of in twelve pounds of the infusion of Roses
Senna. Se oletta
before spoken, Senna, Epithimum, Polypo-
Syrupus Rosaceus solutrus. iddium of the Oak, of each four ounces, i
Or Syrup of Roses solutive, Cloves an ounce, Citron seeds, Liquorice,
College.] Take of Spring Water boiling of each four ounces, the bark of black
hot four pounds, Damask Rose leaves Hellebore roots six drams, let the fourth
fresh, as many as the water will contain, part of the liquor gently exhale, strain it,
let them remain twelve hours in infusion, and with five pounds of sugar, and sixteen
close stopped, then press them out and put drams of Rhubarb tied up in a linen rag,
in fresh Rose leaves, do so nine times in the make it into a Syrup according to art. u
same liquor, encreasing the quantity of the Culpeper.] The Syrup rightly used,
Roses as the liquor encreases, which will be purges melancholy, resists madness. vzorcol
almost by the third part every time: Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Senna.
Take six parts of this liquor, and with four Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna, o
parts of white sugar, boil it to a Syrup College.] Take of Senna six ounces,
according to art.
Caraway, and sweet Fennel seeds, of each
Culpeper.] It loosens the belly, and three drams, sprinkle them with white Wine,
gently brings out choler and flegm, but and infuse them two days in three pounds
leaves a binding quality behind it. of the infusion of Roses aforesaid, then
Syrupus e succo Rosarum. strain it, and with two pounds of sugar boil
Or Syrup of the Juice of Roses. it into a Syrup.
College.] It is prepared without steep- Culpeper.] It purges the body of choler
ing, only with the juice of Damask Roses and melancholy, and expels the relics as
pressed out, and clarified, and an equal disease hath left behind it; the dose is from
proportion of sugar added to it.
one ounce to two, you may take it in a
Culpeper.] This is like the other. Decoction of Senna, it leaves a binding
Syrupas Rosaceus solutwus cum Agarico. quality behind it.
Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Agarick.
Syrupus de spina Cervina.
College.] Take of Agarick cut thin an Or Syrup of Purging Thorn.
ounce, Ginger two drams, Sal. Gem. one College.] Take of the berries of Purging
dram, Polipodium bruised two ounces, Thorn, gathered in September, as many as
sprinkle them with white Wine and steep you will, bruise them in a stone anortar, and
them two days over warm ashes, in a pound press out the juice, let the forth part of it
and an half of the infusion of Damask evaporate away in a bath, then to two
Roses prescribed before, and with one pounds of it, add sixteen ounces of white
pound of sugar boil it into a Syrup accord- sugar, boil it into a Syrup, which perfume
ing to art.
nie ma with Mastich, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Annia
Culpeper.] It purges flegm from the seeds in fine powder, of each three drams.se
head, relieves the senses oppressed by it,
033gathod od
CE
(31, 32.)
4 к

308
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Потіір
How you hold it be thick, and with one pound of Honey,
SYRUPS MADE WITH VINEGAR
boil it to the thickness of Honey.obo duome
dore
AND HONEY.
to Culpeper.] It is a good preservative in
store
pestilential times, a spoonful being taken
Oo oo
Mel Anthosatum. eng as soon as you are up. acar sdt 1990 nod:
Bel Or Honey of Rosemary Flowers. V 190910 bMel Passalatum.s sail doid
ao College.] » Take of fresh Rosemary
Or Honey of Raisinsou ents
flowers a pound, clarified Honey three College.] Take of Raisins of the sun
pounds, mix them in a glass with a narrow cleansed from the stones two pounds, steep
inouth, set them in the sun, keep them for them in six pounds of warm water, the next
use. W to as long 10, aban13209 day boil it half away, and press it strongly,
Culpeper.] It hath the same virtues with and with two pounds of Honey, let the
Rosemary flowers, to which I refer you, expressed liquor boil to its thickness. 10, 14,
only by reason of the Honey it may be Culpeper.] It is a pretty pleasing medi-
somewhat cleansing. Toupil sdi orbbs.5ms cine for such as are in consumptions, and
20 29901 0 Mel Helleboratum. vano d'90 are bound in body. Testo songtaient
of si lioc Or Honey Helleborated. . 20 Mel Rosatum commune, sive Foliatum.
College.] Take of white Hellebore roots
Or common Honey of Roses. Si
bruised a pound, clear Water fourteen
College.] Take of red Roses not quite
pounds, after three days infusion, boil it open two pounds, Honey six pounds, set
till half be consumed, then strain it dili- { them in the sun according to art. to
Mel Rosatum Colatum. 005
gently, and with three pounds of Honey,
boil it to the thickness of Honey.
Or Honey of Roses strained. In
College.] Take of the best clarified
Mel Mercuriale.
Honey ten pounds, juice of fresh red Roses
Or Honey of Mercury.
one pound, set it handsomely over the fire,
College.] Boil three pounds of the juice and when it begins to boil, put in four
of Mercury, with two pounds of Honey to į pounds of fresh red Roses, the whites being
the thickness of Honey.
cut off; the juice being consumed by boil-
Culpeper.] It is used as an emollient ining and stirring, strain it and keep it for
clysters.
Mel Mororum, vel Diamoron.
Culpeper.] They are both used for dis-
Or Honey of Mulberries.
eases in the mouth.
co
College.] Take of the juice of Mulberries
Mel Rosatum solutivum.
JO 94
and Blackberries, before they be ripe, Or Honey of Roses solutive. nob
gathered before the sun be up, of each a College.] Take of the often infusion of
pound an a half, Honey two pounds, boil Damask Roses five pounds, Honey rightly
them to their due thickness.
clarified four pounds, boil it to the thick-
Culpeper ] It is vulgarly known to beness of Honey.
good for sore mouths, as also to cool in- Culpeper.] It is used as a laxative in
flammations there.
clysters, and some use it to cleanse wounds.
Mel Nuceum, alios, Diacarion et Dianucum. College.] After the same manner is pre-
Or Honey of Nuts.
pared Honey of the infusion of red Roses.
College.] Take of the juice of the out-
Mel scilliticum.
ward bark of green Walnuts, gathered in
Or Honey of Squils.
the dog days two pounds, boil it gently till College.] Take one Squil full of juice,
coba ,
use.
boy be

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
309
cut in bits, and put it in a glass vessel, the Squills prepared, Birthwort, long, round,
mouth close stopped, and covered with a žand climbing, Turbith, English Orris, Costus,
skin, set in the sun forty days, to wit, lwenty Polypodium, Lemon pills, of each an
before and after the rising of the dog star, į ounce, the strings of black Hellebore,
then open the vessel, and take the juice Spurge, Agerick, added at the end of the
which lies at the bottom, and preserve it Decoction, of each two drams, the bark of
with the best Honey.
white Hellebore half an ounce, let all of
College.] Honey of Violets is prepared them being dried and bruised, be digested
like as Honey of Roses.
in a glass, or glazed vessel close stopped,
Oxymel, simple.
in the heat of the sun, or of a furnace,
College.] Take of the best Honey four Posca, made of equal parts of Water and
pounds, clear Water and white Wine Vine- Vinegar, eight pounds, Sapa two ounces,
gar, of each two pounds, boil them in an three days being expired, boil it little more
earthen vessel, taking the scum off with than half away, strain it, pressing it gently,
a wooden scummer, ti'l it be come to the į and add to the liquor a pound and a half
consistence of a Syrup.
bnstod its of Honey Roses, wherein two ounces of
Culpeper.] It cuts flegni, and it is a good } Citron pills have been infused, boil it to
preparative against a vomit.
the thickness of Honey, and perfume it.
ghoston 2 Oxymel compound. So with Cloves, Saffron, Ginger, Galanga,
19 College.] Take of the
Bark of the Root Mace, of each a dram.
of Fennel, Smallage, Parsley, Bruscus,
Oxymel Julianizans.
Asparagus, of each two ounces, the seeds of College.] Take of the Bark of Caper
Fennel, Smallage, Parsley, Annis, of each roots, the roots of Orris, Fennel, Parsley,
one ounce, steep them all (the roots being Bruscus, Chicory, Sparagus, Cypress, of
first cleansed and the seeds bruised) in six { each half an ounce, the leaves of Harts-
pounds of clear Water and a pound and a tongue, Schænanth, Tamarisk, of each half
half of Wine Vinegar, the next day boil it a handful, sweet Fennel seed half an ounce,
to the consumption of the third part, boil infuse them in three pounds of Posca, which
the rest being strained, with three pounds į is something sour, afterwards boil it till half
of Honey into a liquid Syrup according to be consumed, strain it, and with Honey and
sugar clarified, of each half a pound, boil it
Culpeper.] First having bruised the roots } to the thickness of Honey.
and seeds, boil then in the water till half Culpeper.] This medicine is very open
be consumed, then strain it and add the ing, very good against Hypocondriac melan-
Honey, and when it is almost boiled enough, choly, and as fit a medicine as can be for
that disease in children called the Rickets
tulezi Oxymel Helleboratum.
College.] Oxymel of Squills simple, is
Or Oxymel Helleborated. made of three pounds of clarified Honey;
College.] Take of Rue, Thyme, Dittany Vinegar of Squills two pounds, boil them
of Crete, Hyssop, Pennyroyal
, Horehound, according to art.
Carduus, the roots of Celtick, Spikenard Culpeper.] It cuts and divides humours
without leaves, the inner bark of Elders, of that are tough and viscous, and therefore
each a handful, Mountain Calaminth two helps the stomach and bowels afflicted by
pugils, the seeds of Annis
, Fennel, Bazil
, such humours, and sour belchings. If you
Roman Nettles, Dill, of each two drams, take but a spoonful in the morning, an able
the roots of Angelica, Marsh-mallows, Aron, body will think enough.
art.
add the Vinegar.

310
CTG DA THE COMPLETE HERBAL NA
of the womb.
Dit Oxymel Scilliticum compositus. all infirmities, weaknesses, or failings thereof,
di Or Oxymel of Squills compound. bias want of voice, difficulty of breathing,
College.] Take of Origanum, dried coughs, hoarseness, catharrs, &c. The way
Hyssop, Thyme, Lovage, Cardamomis the of taking it is with a Liquorice-stick, or if
less, Stoechas, of each five drams, boil them į you please, you may add an ounce of it to
in three pounds of Water to one, strain it the Pectoral Decoction before mentioned.
and with two pounds of Honey, Honey of Syrup of Poppies, the lesser composition.
Raisins half a pound, juice of Briony five College.] Take of the heads of white
ounces, Vinegar of Squills a pound and a } Poppies and black, when both of them are
half, boil it, and scum it according to art. green, of each six ounces, the seeds of
Culpeper.] This is good against the fall- | Lettice, the flowers of Violets, of each one
ing-sickness, Megrim, Head-ache, Vertigo, į ounce, boil them in eight pints of water till
or swimming in the head, and if these be the virtue is out of the heads; then strain
occasioned by the stomach as many times them, and with four pounds of sugar boil
they are, it helps the lungs obstructed by the liquor to a Syrup.
humour, and is good for women not well Syrup of Poppies, the greater composition.
cleansed after labour, it opens the passage College.] Take of the heads of both
white and black Poppies, seeds and all, of
Syrup of Purslain. Mesue. each fifty drams, Maiden-hair, fifteen drams,
College.] Take of the seeds of Purslain Liquorice, five drams, Jujubes, thirty by
grossly bruised, half a pound, of the juice of number, Lettice seeds, forty drams, of the
Endive, boiled and clarified, two pounds, seeds of Mallows and Quinces, (tied up in
Segar two pounds, Vinegar nine ounces, a thin linen cloth) of each one dram and
infuse the seeds in the juice of Endive an half, boil these in eight pints of water
twenty-four hours, afterwards boil it half till five pints be consumed, when you have
away with a gentle fire, then strain it, and strained out the three pints remaining, add
boil it with the sugar to the consistence of to them, Penids and white sugar, of each
a Syrup, adding the Vinegar towards the a pound, boil them into a Syrup according
latter end of the decoction.
Culpeper.] It is a pretty cooling Syrup, Culpeper.] All these former Syrups of
fit for any hot disease incident to the Poppies provoke sleep, but in that, I desire
stomach, reins, bladder, matrix, or liver ;; they may be used with a great deal of cau-
it thickens flegm, cools the blood, and pro- tion and wariness: such as these are not
vokes sleep. You may take an ounce of it fit to be given in the beginning of fevers,
at a time when you have occasion.
nor to such whose bodies are costive, yet to
Compound Syrup of Colts-foot. Renod. such as are troubled with hot, sharp rheums,
College.] Take six handfuls of green you may safely give them: The last is ap-
Coll's-foot, two handfuls of Maiden-hair, propriated to the lungs; It prevails against
one handful of Hyssop, and two ounces of dry coughs, phthisicks, hot and sharp gnaw-
Liquorice, boil them in four pints, either of} ing rheums, and provokes sleep. It is an
rain or spring water till the fourth part be usual fashion for nurses when they have
consumed, then strain it, and clarify it, to heated their milk by exercise or strong liquor
which add three pounds of white sugar, then run for Syrup of Poppies to make
boil it to the perfect consistence of a Syrup. their young ones sleep. , I would fain have
Culpeper.] The composition is appro- that fashion left off, therefore I forbear the
priated to the lungs, and therefore helps the dose : Let nurses keep their own bodies
to art.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
311
temperate, and their children will sleep the sun, or the fire, that it is capable of
well
ell enough. vilnosti,
ESTE 25 being kept safe from putrefaction. 2. Its
Surup of Eupatorium (or Maudlin.) Mesue. { use was first invented for diseases in the
College.] Take of the Roots of Smallage, mouth. 3. It is usually made, in respect
Fennel, and Succory, of each two ounces, of body, somewhat thicker than new Honey.
Liquorice, Schænanth, Dodder, Worm-{4. It may be kept about a year, little more
wood, Roses, of each six drams, Maiden- or less.
hair, Bedeguar, or instead thereof, the roots
Rob sive Sapa, simplex.
of Carduus Mariæ, Suchaha or instead Or Simple Rob, or Sapa.
thereof the roots of Avens, the flowers or College.] Take of Wine newly pressed
roots of Bugloss, Annis seeds, sweet Fennel from white and ripe Grapes, boil it over a
seeds, Ageratum, or Maudlin, of each five gentle fire to the thickness of Honey.
drams, Rhubarb, Mastich, of each three Culpeper.] Whenever you read the
drams, Spikenard, Indian leaf, or instead of word Rob, or Sapa throughout the Dispen-
it put Roman spike, of each two drams, šsatory, simply quoted in any medicine with-
boil them in eight pints of Water till the out any relation of what it should be made,
third part be consumed, then strain the this is that you ought to use.
Decoction, and with four pounds of sugar,
Rob de Barberis.
clarified juice of Smallage and Endive, of
Or Rob of Barberries.
each half a pound, boil it into a Syrup. College.] Take of the juice of Barberries
Culpeper.] It amends infirmities of the strained as much as you will, boil it by it-
liver coming ofcold, opens obstructions, helps self (or else by adding half a pound of sugar
the dropsy, and evil state of the body; it { to each pound of juice) to the thickness of
extenuates gross humours, strengthens the Honey.
liver, provokes urine, and is a present suc- Culpeper.] It quenches thirst, closes
Cour for hypocondriac melancholy. You the mouth of the stomach, thereby staying
may take an ounce at a time in the morning, { vomiting, and belching, it strengthens
it
opens but purges not.
stomachs weakened by heat, and procures
Honey of Emblicks. Augustanus. appetite. Of any of these Robs you may
College.) Take fifty Emblick Myrobalans, take a little on the point of a knife when
bruise them and boil them in three pints of you need.
water till two be consumed, strain it, and
Rob de Cerasis.
with the like weight of Honey, boil it into
Or Rob of Cherries.
a Syrup.
College.] Take of the juice of red ,
Culpeper.] It is a fine gentle purger both Cherries somewhat sowerish, as much as
of flegm and melancholy: it strengthens the you will, and with half their weight in sugai
brain and nerves, and senses both internal boil them like the former.
and external, helps tremblings of the heart, Culpeper.] See the virtue of Cherries ;
stays vomiting, provokes appetite. You and there you have a method to keep them
may take a spoonful at a time.
Rob de Cornis.
Or Rob of Cornels.
ROB, OR SAPA: AND JUICES.
College.] Take of the juice of Cornels
two pounds, sugar a pound and an half,
Culpeper.] 1. Rob, or Sapa, is the juice boil it according to art
.
of a fruit, made thick by the heat either of Culpeper.] of these Cornel trees are
Ooidi
all the year.
(31, 32.)
4 I

312
THE COMPLETE HERBAL CA
two sorts, male and female, the fruit of the Betony, only in the last, the sugar and juice
male Cornel, or Cornelian Cherry is here to must be equal in weight.
be used. The fruit of male Cornel, binds
Succus Glycyrrhizae simpler.
exceedingly, and therefore good in fluxes, Or Juice of Liquorice simple.
and the immoderate flowing of the menses. College.] Infuse Liquorice Roots cleansed
Rob Cydoniorum.
and gently bruised, three days in Spring
Or Rob of Quinces.
Water, so much that it may over-top the
College.] Take of the clarified juice of roots the breadth of three fingers, then boil
Quinces, boil it till two parts be consumed it a little, and press it hard out, and boil the
and with its equal weight in sugar boil it liquor with a gentle fire to its due thickness,
into a Rob.
Culpeper.] It is vulgarly known to be
Miva vel Gelatina Eorundem.
good against coughs, colds, &c. and a
bdi bisa Or Jelly of Quinces.
stren gthner of the lungs.
Suceus Glycyrrhize compositus.
College.] Take of the juice of Quinces
Or Juice of Liquorice compound.
clarified twelve pounds, boil it half away,
and add to the remainder, old white Wine Oak leaves, of Scabious, of each four pounds,
College.] Take of the water of tender
five pounds, consume the third part over a
gentle fire, taking away the scum (all you pounds, boil them by degrees till they be
English Liquorice scraped and bruised two
ought) let the rest settle, and strain it, and soft, then press out the liquor strongly in
with three pounds of sugar boil it accord-
a press, to which add three pounds of juice.
ing to art.
Culpeper.] Both are good for weak and broad earthen vessel.
of Hyssop, and dry it away in the sun in a
indisposed stomachs.
College.] Rob of sour Plums is made as the former.
Culpeper.] The virtues are the same with
Rob of Quinces, the use of sugar
is indif-
Succus Pronorum Sylvestrum.
ferent in them both.
Or Juice of Sloes, called Acacia.
Rob of English Currants is made in the
College.] Take of Sloes hardly ripe,
same manner, let the juice be clarified.
Culpeper.] The virtues are the same with press out the juice, and make it thick in a
Rob of Barberries.
Culpeper.] It stops fluxes, and procures
Rob Baccarum Sambuci
appetite.
Or Rob of Elder Berries.
College.] So are the Juices of Worm-
College.] Take of the juice of Elder wood, Maudlin, and Fumitory made thick,
Berries, and make it thick with the help of to wit, the herbs bruised while they be
a gentle fire, either by itself, or a quarter of tender, and the juice pressed out and after
its weight in sugar being added.
it be clarified, boil over the fire to its just
Culpeper.] Both Rob of Elder Berries, {thickness.
and Dwarf-Elder, are excellent for such
whose bodies are inclining to dropsies,
neither let them neglect nor despise it.
They may take the quantity of a nutmeg
LOHOCH, OR ECLEGMATA
each morning, it will gently purge the watery Culpeper.] Because this word also is un-
humour.
derstood but by few, we will first explain
College.] In the same manner is made what it is. 1. The word Lohoch is an Ara-
Rob of Dwarf-Elder, Junipers, and Paul's bick word, called in Greek Eclegma, in
15

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
313
was
Latin Linctus, and signifies a thing to be troubled with pleurises to take now and then
licked up. 2. It is in respect of body, a little of it.
something thicker than a Syrup, and not so
Lohoch e Passulis.
thick as an electuary. 3. Its use
Or Lohoch of Raisins.
against the roughness of the windpipe, dis- College.] Take of male Peony roots,
eases, and intlammations of the lungs, dif- Liquorice, of each half an ounce, Hyssop,
ficulty of breathing, colds, coughs, &c. Bawm, Hart's-tongue, or Cetrach, of each
4. Its manner of reception is with a Liquo- half a handful, boil them in Spring Water,
rice stick, bruised at the end, to take up and press them strongly, and by adding a
some and retain it in the mouth, till it melt į pound of Raisins bruised, boil it again,
of its own accord.
pressing it through a linen cloth, then with
Lohoch de Farfara.
a pound of white sugar, make it into a
Or Lohoch of Coltsfoot.
Lohoch according to art.
College.] Takeof Colts-foot roots cleans-
Culpeper.] It is very good against coughs,
ed eight ounces, Marsh-mallow roots four consumptions of the lungs, and other vices
ounces cleansed, boil them in a sufficient of the breast, and is usually given to chil-
dren for such diseases, as also for convul-
quantity of water, and press the pulp out
through a sieve, dissolve this again in the sions, and falling-sickness.
Lohoch e Pino.
Decoction, and let it boil once or twice,
Or Lohoch of Pinenuts.
then take it from the fire, and add two
pounds of white sugar, Honey of Raisins College.] Takeof Pine-nuts, fifteen drams,
fourteen ounces, juice of Liquorice two Gum Arabick and Tragacanth, powder and
sweet Almonds, Hazel Nuts gently roasted,
drams and an half, stir them stoutly with a
wooden pestle, mean season sprinkle in Saf- juice of Liquorice, white Starch, Maiden-
fren and Cloves, of each a scruple, Cinna- hair, Orris roots, of each two drams, the
mon and Mace, of each two scruples, make pulp of Dates seventeen drams, bitter
them into a Lohoch according to art.
Almonds one dram and an half, Honey of
Culpeper.] It was invented for the cough. each two ounces, Honey one pound and an
Raisins, white Sugar-candy, fresh Butter, of
Lohoch de Papavere.
half, dissolve the Gums in so much Decoc-
Or Lohoch of Poppies.
tion of Maiden-hair as is sufficient; let the
College.] Take white Poppy seeds twenty { rest be inixed over a gentle fire, and stirred,
four drams, sweet Almonds blanched in that so it may be made into a Lohoch.
Rose Water, Pine-nuts cleansed, Gum Ara- Culpeper.] The medicine is excellent for
bick and Tragacanth, of each ten drams, continual coughs, and difficulty of breath-
juice of Liquorice an ounce, Starch three ing, it succours such as are asthmatic, for it
drams, the seeds of Lettuce, Purslain, cuts and atenuates tough humours in the
Quinces, of each half an ounce, Saffron a breast.
dram, Penids four ounces, Syrup of Meco-
Lohoch de Portulaca.
nium three pounds, make it into a Lohoch
Or Lohoch of Purslain.
according to art.
College.] Take of the strained Juice of
Culpeper.] It helps salt, sharp and thin Purslain two pounds, Troches of Terra
distillations upon the lungs, it allays the Lemniatwo drams, Troches ofAmber, Gum,
fury of such sharp humours, which occasion Arabic, Dragon's-blood of each one dram,
both roughness of the throat, want of sleep, Lapis i temuibirs, the wool of a Hare toasted,
and fevers; it is excellent for such as are of eaci. No scruples, white Sugar one

314
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
pound, mix them together, that so you may
Lohoch Scilliticum.
make a Lohoch of them.
Or Lohoch of Squils.
Culpeper.] The medicine is so binding College.] Take three drams of a Squil
that it is better let alone than taken, unless, baked in paste, Orris Roots two drams,
in inward bruises when men spit blood, then Hyssop, Hore-hound, of each one dram,
you may safely take a little of it.
Saffron, Myrrh, of each half a dram, Honey
Lohoch e Pulmone Vulpis.
two ounces and an half, bruise the Squil,
after it is baked, in a stone mortar, and after
Or Lohoch of Fox Lungs.
it hath boiled a walm ortwo with the Honey,
College.] Take of Fox Lungs rightly { put in the rest of the things in powder
,
prepared, juice of Liquorice, Maiden-hair, diligently stirring it, and make it into a
Annis-seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, of each Lohoch according to art.
equal parts, Sugar dissolved in Cclt's-foot,
Eclegma of Squils. Mesue.
and Scabious Water, and boiled into a
College.] Take of the juice of Squils
Syrup, three times their weight; the rest and Honey, both of them clarified, of each
being in fine powder, let them be put to it two pounds, boil them together according
and strongly stirred together, that it may be to art to the consistence of Honey,
'made into a Lohoch according to art.
Culpeper.] For the virtues of it see Vine-
Culpeper.] It cleanses and unites ulcers
gar of Squils, and Oximel of Squils, only
in the lungs and breast, and is a present this is more mild, and not so harsh to the
remedy in phthisicks.
throat, because it hath no Vinegar in it, and
Lohoch sanum et Expertum. therefore is far more fitting for Asthmaes,
Or a sound and well experienced Lohoch. and such as are troubled with difficulty of
College.] Take of dried Hyssop and breathing, it cuts and carries away humours
Calaminth, of each half an ounce, Jujubes, from the breast, be they thick or thin, and
Sebestens, the stones being taken out, fifteen wonderfully helps indigestion of victuals
,
Raisins of the Sun stoned, fat Figs, Dates, and eases pains in the breast, and for this,
of each two ounces, Linseed, Fenugreek I quote the authority of Galen.
seed, of each five drams, Maiden-hair one Lohoch of Coleworts. Gordonius.
handful, Annis-seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, College.] Take one pound of the juice
Orris Roots cut, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of of Coleworts, clarified Saffron three drams,
each an ounce, boil them according to art į clarified Honey, and Sugar, of each half a
in four pounds of clear water till half be pound, make of them a Lohoch according
consumed, and with two pounds of Penids } to art.
boil it into a Syrup, afterwards cut and Culpeper.] It helps hoarseness, and loss
bruise very small Pine-nuts five drams, sweet of voice, eases surfeits and head-ache coming
Almonds blanched, Liquorice, Gum Tra- of drunkenness, and opens obstructions of
gacanth and Arabick, white Starch of each the liver and spleen, and therefore is good
three drams, let these be put into the Syrup for that disease in children called the rickets,
when it is off the fire, and stir it about
swiftly with a wooden pestle till it look white.
Culpeper.] It succors the breast, lungs,
PRESERVED ROOTS, STALKS,
turoat, oppressed by cold, it restores the
voice lost by reason of co!.., ana attenuates
BARKS, FLOWERS, FRUITS.
thick and gross humours in the breast and College.] Take of Eringo Roots as many
lungs.
as you will, cleanse them without and within,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
315
the pith being taken out, steep them two then having pulped them through a sieve,
days in clear water, shifting the water some- } that they are free from the stones, boil it
times, then dry them with a cloth, then again in an earthen vessel over a gentle fire,
take their equal weight in white Sugar, and often stirring them for fear of burning, till
as much Rose-water as will make it into a { the watery humour be consumed, then mix
Syrup, which being almost boiled, put in ten pounds of sugar with six pounds of this
the roots, and let them boil until the mois- pulp, boil it to its due thickness. Broom
țure be consumed, and let it be brought to buds are also preserved, but with brine and
the due body of a Syrup. Not much un- i vinegar, and so are Olives and Capers.
like to this are preserved the roots of Acorus, Lastly, Amongst the Barks, Cinnamon,
Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, Succory, Ele- amongst the flowers, Roses, and Marigolds,
campane, Burnet
, Satyrion, Sicers, Comfrey } amongst the fruits, Almonds, Cloves, Pine-
the greater, Ginger, Zedoary. Take of the nuts, and Fistick-nuts, are said to be pre-
stalks of Artichokes, not too ripe, as many served but with this difference, they are
as you will, and (contrary to the roots) take } encrusted with dry sugar, and are more
only the pith of these, and preserve then called confects than preserves.
with their equal weight in sugar, like the
former. So is prepared the stalks of
Angelica, Burs, Lettuce, &c. before they be
CONSERVES AND SUGARSO
too ripe. Take of fresh Orange pills as
many as you will, take away the exterior College.] Conserves of the herbs of
yellowness, and steep them in spring water Wormwood, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, the flowers
three days at the least, often renewing the of Oranges, Borrage, Bugloss, Bettony,
water, then preserve them like the former. Marigolds, the Tops of Carduus, the Flowers
In like manner are Lemon and Citron pills of Centaury the less, Clove-gilliflowers,
preserved. Preserve the flowers of Citrons, Germander, Succory, the Leaves of Scurvy-
Oranges, Borrage, Primroses, with Sugar, grass, the flowers of Comfrey the greater,
according to art. Take of Apricots as Citratiæ, Cinosbati, the roots of Spurge,
many as you will, take away the outer skin herbs and flowers of Eye-bright, the tops
and the stones, and mix them with their of Fumitory, Goat’s-rue, the flowers of
like weight in sugar, after four hours take Broom not quite open, Hyssop, Lavender,
them out, and boil the Sugar without any white Lilies, Lilies of the Valley, Marjoram,
other Liquor, then put them in again, and Mallows, the tops of Bawm, the leaves of
boil them a little. Other Fruits may be Mints, the flowers of Water Lilies, red
preserved in the same manner, at Poppies, Peony, Peaches, Primroses, Roses,
least not much unlike to it, as whole Bar- the leaves of Rue, the flowers of Sage, Elder
berries, Cherries, Cornels, Citrons, Quinces, Scabious, the leaves of Scordium, the
Peaches, common Apples, the five sorts of flowers of Limetree, Coltsfoot, Violets, with
Myrobalans, Hazel Nuts, Walnuts, Nut- all these are conserves made with their treble
meys, Raisins of the Sun, Pepper broughtį proportion of white sugar; yet note, that
green from India, Plums, garden and wild all of them must not be mixed alike, some
Pears, Grapes. Pulps are also preserved, of them must be cat, beaten, and gently
as Barberries, Cassia Fistula, Citrons, boiled, some neither cut, beaten nor boiled,
Cinosbatus, Quinces, and Sloes, &c. Take and some admit but one of them, which
or Barberries as many as you will, boil every artist in his trade may find out by
them in spring water till they are tender, this premonition and avoid error.
(31, 32.)
or
4 M

316
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
pearled.
Culpeper.] The title shews you the vir-
SUGARS.
tues of it.
Saccharum Penidium,
Diacodium Solidum, sive Tabulatum.
Or Sugar Penids
College.] Take of white Poppy heads, College.] Are prepared of sugar dis-
meanly ripe, and newly gathered, twenty, solved in spring water by a gentle fire, and
steep them in three pounds of warm spring the whites of Eggs diligently beaten, and
water, and the next day boil them until the clarified once, and again whilst it is boiling,
virtue is out, then strain out the liquor, and then strain it and boil it gently again, till
with a sufficient quantity of good sugar, it riseup in great bubbles, and being chewed
boil it according to art, that you may make it stick not to your teeth, then pour it upon
it up into Lozenges.
a marble, anointed with oil of Almonds,
Culpeper. The virtues are the same with (let the bubbles first sink, after it is removed
the common Diacodium, viz. to provoke from the fire) bring back the outsides of it
sleep, and help thin rheums in the head, to the middle till it look like Larch rosin ,
coughs, and roughness of the throat, and then, your hands being rubbed with white
may easily be carried about in one's pocket. starch, you may draw it into threads either
Saccharum tabulatum simplex, et perlatum. short or long, thick or thin, and let it cool
Or Lozenges of Sugar both simple and in what form you please.
Culpeper.] I remember country people
College.] The first is made by pouring were wont to take them for coughs, and they
the sugar upon a marble, after a sufficient are sometimes used in other compositions.
boiling in half its weight in Damask Rose
Confectio de Thure.
Water: And the latter by adding to every Or Confection of Frankincense.
pound of the former towards the latter end College.] Take Coriander seeds prepared
of the decoction, Pearls, prepared and } half an ounce, Nutmegs, white Frankin-
bruised, half an ounce, with eight or ten cense, of each three drams, Liquorice,
leaves of gold.
Mastich, of each two drams, Cubebs, Hart's-
Culpeper.] It is naturally cooling, ap- horn prepared, of each one dram, conserve
propriated to the heart, it restores lost of Red roses an ounce, white Sugar as much
strength, takes away burning fevers, and as is sufficient to make it into mean bits.
false imaginations, (I mean that with Pearls, Culpeper.] I cannot boast much of the
for that without Pearls is ridiculous) it hath rarity nor virtues of this receipt.
the same virtues Pearls have.
Saccharum Rosatum.
Saccharum Tabulatum compositum.
Or Sugar of Roses.
Or Lozenges of Sugar compound. College.] Take of red Rose eaves, the
College.] Take of choice Rhubarb four whites being cut off, and speedily dried in
scruples, Agarick Trochiscated, Corallins, the sun an ounce, white Sugar a pound,
burnt Hart's-horn, Dittany of Crete, Worm- melt the Sugar in Rose-water and juice of
seed and Sorrel seed, of each a scruple, } Roses of each two ounces which being con-
Cinnamon, Zedoary, Cloves, Saffron, of each sumed by degrees, put in the Rose leaves in
half a scruple, white Sugar a pound, dis- powder, mix them, put it upon a marble,
solved in four ounces of Wormwood Water, and make it into Lozenges according to art.
Wormwood Wine, an ounce, Cinnamon Culpeper.] As for the virtues of this, it
Water a spoonful, with the forenamed pow- strengthens weak stomachs, weak nearts,
ders make it into Lozenges according to artÅ and weak brains; restores such as are in
la

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
317
consumptions, restores lost strength, stays oriential Bezoar, of each half an ounce,
fluxes, eases pains in the head, ears and powder of the black tops of Crab's claws,
eyes, helps spitting, vomiting, and urining the weight of them all, beat them into pow-
of blood; it is a fine commodity for a man der, which may be made into balls with
in a consumption to carry about with him, jelly, and the skins which our vipers have
and eat now and then a bit.
cast off, warily dried and kept for use.
Culpeper.] This is that powder they
rad ordinarily call Gascoigns powder, there are
SPECIES, OR POWDERS.
divers receipts of it, of which this is none
of the worst, four, or five, or six grains is
Aromaticum Caryophyllatum. excellently good in a fever to be taken in any
College.] Take of Cloves seven drams, cordial, for it cheers the heart and vital
Mace, Zedoary, Galanga the less, yellow spirits exceedingly, and makes them im-
Sanders, Troches, Diarrhodon, Cinnamon, pregnable.
wood of Aloes, Indian Spikenard, longe Species Cordiales Temperatæ.
Pepper, Cardamoms the less, of each a dram, College.] Take of wood of Aloes, Spodium
Red Roses four ounces, Gallia Moschata, of each a dram, Cinnamon, Cloves, bone of
Liquorice, of each two drams, of Indian a Stag’s-heart, the roots of Angelica, Avens,
leaf, Cubebs of each two scruples, beat them and Tormentil, of each a dram and an half,
all diligently into powder
..
Pearls prepared six drams, raw Silk toasted,
Culpeper.] This powder strengthens the both sorts of Coral of each two drams,
heart and stomach, helps digestion, expels Jacinth, Emerald, Samphire, of each half a
wind, stays vomiting, and cleanses the dram, Saffron a scruple, the leaves of gold
stomach of putrified humors.
and silver, of each ten, make them into
Aromaticum Rosatum.
powder according to art,
College.] Take of Red Roses exungu- Culpeper.] It is a great cordial, a great
lated fifteen drams, Liquorice seven drams, strengthener of the heart, and brain.
wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, of each
Diacalaminthe Simple.
three drams, Cinnamon five drams, Cloves, College.] Take of Mountain Calaminth,
Mace, of each two drams and an half, Gurn Pennyroyal, Origanum, the seeds of Mace-
Arabic and Tragacanth, of each eight donian Parsley, common Parsley, and
scruples, Nutmegs, Cardamoms the less, Hartwort, of each two drams, the seeds of
Galanga of each one dram, Indian Spike- Smallage, the tops of Thyme of each half
nard two scruples, make it into a powder to ; an ounce, the seeds of Lovage, black
be kept in a glass for use.
Pepper, of each an ounce, make them into
Culpeper.] It strengthens the brain, powder according to art.
heart and stomach, and all such internal Culpeper.] It heats and comforts cold
members as help towards decoction, it helps } bodies, cuts thick and gross flegm, provokes
digestion, consumes the watery excrements urine and the menses. I confess this differs
of the bowels, strengthens such as are pined something from Galen, but is better for our
away by reason of the violence of a disease, bodies in my opinion than his. It expels
and restores such as are in consumption. wind exceedingly, you may take half a
Pulous ex chelus Cancrorum compositus. dram of the powder at a time. There is
Or Powder of Crab's claws compound. nothing surer than that all their powders
College.] Take of Pearls prepared, Crab's will keep better in Electuaries than they
cyes, red Coral, white Amber, Hart's-horn, will in powders, and into such a body, you

818
ATON THE COMPLETE HERBAL
may make it with two pound and an half of ounce, Sugar-candy, Diatragacanthum
white sugar dissolved in rose water. frigidum, of each two drams, make them
Foto Diacalamintha compound. into powder.
College.] Take of Diacalamintha simple, Culpeper.] I do not mean the Diatraga-
half an ounce, the leaves of Horehound, { canthum frigidum, for that is in powder
Marjoram, Bawm, Mugwort, Savin dried, {before. It comforts the breast, is good in
of each a dram, Cypress roots, the seeds of colds, coughs, and hoarseness. You may
Maddir and Rue, Mace, Cinnamon, of each {mix it with any pectoral Syrups which are
two scruples, beat them and mix them appropriated to the same, diseases, and so
diligently into a powder according to art. take it with a Liquorice stick.
Culpeper.] This seems to be more ap-
Dialacca.
propriated to the feminine gender than the College. Take of Gum-lacca, prepared
former, viz. to bring down the terms, to Rhubarb, Schænanth, of each three drams,
bring away the birth, and after-birth, to Indian Spikenard, Mastich, the juice of
purge them after labour, yet it is dangerous Wormwood and Agrimony, made thick, the
for pregnant women.
seeds of Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Ammi,
Dianisum.
Savin, bitter Almonds, Myrrh, Costus, or
College.] Take of Annis seeds two Zedoary, the roots of Maddir, Asarabacca;
ounces and an half
, Liquorice, Mastich, of Birthwort long and round, Gentian, Saffrons
each an ounce, the seeds of Caraway, Fen- } Cinnamon, dried Hyssop, Cassia Lignea;
nel, Galanga, Mace, Ginger, Cinnamon, of} Bdellium, of each a dram and an half, black
each five drams, the three sorts of Pepper, Pepper, Ginger, of each a dram, make them
Cassia Lignea, mountain Calaminth, Pel- ; into powder according to art:
litory of Spain, of each two drams, Carda- Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach
moms the greater, Cloves, Cubebs, Indian and liver, opens obstructious, helps dropsies,
Spikenard, Saffron, of each a dram and an yellow jaundice, provokes urine, breaks
half, make them into powder.
the stone in the reins and bladder. Half a
Culpeper.] It is chiefly appropriated to dram is a moderate dose, if the patient be
the stomach, and helps the cold infirmities strong they may take a dram in white Wine.
thereof, raw, flegm, wind, continual coughs, Let pregnant women forbear it.
and other such diseases coming of cold. Pulvis Cardiacus Magistralis.
You may safely take a dram of the electuary College.] Take of East Bezoar, bone of
at a time. You may make an electuary of a Stag's-heart, of each a dram and an half,
it with its treble weight of clarified Honey. Magisterium, of white and red Coral, white
Pulvis Radicum Ari composicus. Amber, Magisteriun of Pearl, Hart's-horn,
Or Powder of Aron Roots compound. Ivory, Bole-amoniac, Earth of Germany,
College.] Take of Aron Roots two ounces, Samos and Lemnos, Elk's-claw, Tormentil
of common Water Flag, and Burnet, of each roots, of each a dram, Wood of Aloes,
one ounce, Crab's eyes, half an ounce, Citron peels, the roots of Angelica and
Cinnamon three drams, salt of Wormwood, Zedoary, of each two scruples, leaves of
and Juniper, of each one dram, make them Gold twenty, Ambergris one scruple, Musk
into powder.
six grains, mix them and make them into
Culpeper.] And when you have done powder.
tell me what it is good for.
Culpeper.] It is too dear for a vulgar
Diaireos simple.
purse, yet a mighty cordial and great
College.] Take of Orris roots half an strengthener of the heart and vitals in fevers.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
319
Diamargariton frigidum.
the electuary, two drams is the dose: The
College.] Take of the four greater cold } time of taking it is, in the morning fasting.
seeds, the seeds of Purslain, white Poppies,
Diamoschu Amarum
Endive, Sorrel, Citrons, the three Sanders, College.] Is prepared by adding to the
Wood of Aloes, Ginger, red Roses exun- } forenamed Wormwood, dried Roses, c: each
gulated, the flowers of Water-lilies, Bug- &three drams, Aloes half an ounce, Cinnaintii
loss, Violets, the berries of Mirtles, bone in two drams and an half, Castoriiun and
a Stag’sh eart, Ivory, Contra yerva, Cinna- Lovage, of each one dram, make tren un
mon of each one dram, both sorts of Coral, powder.
of each half a dram, Pearls three drams, Culpeper.] Besides the virtues of the
Camphire six grains, make them into pow- former, it purges the stomach of putrified
der according to art. Observe that the four humours.
greater cold seeds, and the Poppy seeds,
Specia Dianthus
are not to be added before the powder be College.] Take of Rosemary flowers an
required by physician for use. Do so by ounce, red Boses, Violets, Liquorice, of
the other powder in the composition of each six drams, Cloves, Indian Spikenard,
which these powders are used.
Nutmegs, Galanga, Cinnamon, Ginger,
Culpeper.] Authors hold it to be re- Zedoary, Mace, Wood of Aloes, Carda-
storative in consumptions, to help such as į moms the less, the seeds,of Dill and Anis,
are in hectic fevers, to restore strength lost, of each four scruples, make them into pow-
to help coughs, asthmaes, and consump-i der according to art.
tions of the lungs, and restore such as have Culpeper.] It strengthens the heart and
laboured long under languishing or pining helps the passions thereof, it causes a joyful
diseases.
and cheerful mind, and strengthens such as
Diamoschu Dulce.
have been weakened by long sickness, it
Take of Saffron, Galanga, Zedoary, strengthens cold stomachs, and helps diges-
Wood of Aloes, Mace, of each two drams, tion notably. The dose is half a dram, you
Pearls, raw Silk toasted, white Amber, red may make it into an electuary with honey,
Coral prepared, Gallia Moschata, Bazil, of and take two drams of that at a time.
each two drams and an half, Ginger, Cubebs,
Diapendion.
Long Pepper, of each a dram and an half, College.] Take of Penides two ounces,
Nutmegs, Indian leaf or Cinnamon, Cloves, Pine-nuts, sweet Almonds blanched, white
of each one dram, Musk two scruples, make Poppy seeds, of each three drams and a
them into powder according to art. scruple, (Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, which
Culpeper.] It wonderfully helps cold three being omitted, it is a Diapendion
afflictions of the brain, that come without ; without spices) juice of Liquorice, Gum
a fever, melancholy and its attendants, viz. } Tragacanth and Arabic, white Starch, the
sadness without a cause, vertigo or diziness four greater cold seeds husked, of each a
in the head, falling-sickness, palsies, resolu- į dram and an half, Camphire seven grains,
tion of thenerves, convulsions, heart-qualms, make them into powder.
afflictions of the lungs, and difficulty of Culpeper.] It helps the vices of the
breathing. The dose of the powder is half breast, coughs, colds, hoarseness, and con-
a dram, or two scruples, or less; according sumptions of the lungs, as also such as spit
to the age or strength of him or her that matter. You may mix it with any pectoral
takes it. Mesue appoints it to be made into syrup,' and take it with a Liquorice stick,
an electuary with clarified honey, and of} if you fancy the powder best, but if tne
(31, 32.)
4

320
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
comes.
to art.
electuary, you may take a dram of it upon Cucumbers and Gourds, of each two drams,
, a knife's point at any time when the cough Penids three ounces, Camphire half a
scruple, make of them a powder according
Diarrhodon Abbatis.
Also you may make an electuary
College.? Take of Sanders white and į of them with a sufficient quantity of Syrup
red, of each two drams and an half, Gum ; of Violets, but have a care of what was told
Tragacanth, Arabic, Ivory of each two you before of the seeds.
scruples. Asarabacca roots, Mastich, Indian Culpeper.] Make up into an electuary.
Spikenard, Cardamoms, Liquorice, Saffron, It helps the faults of the breast and lungs
Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Gallia Moschata, coming of heat and dryness, it helps con-
Annis and sweet Fennel seeds, Cinnamon, sumptions, leanness, inflammations of the
Rhubarb, Bazil seeds, Barberry seeds, the ; sides, pleurises, &c. hot and dry coughs,
seeds of Succory, Purslain, the four greater roughness of the tongue and jaws
cold seeds cleansed, white Poppy seeds, of
Diatrion Piperion.
each a scruple, Pearls, bone of a Stag's-heart
of each half a scruple, red Roses exun-
College.] Take of the three sorts of
gulated, one ounce and three drams, Can- Peppers, of each six drams and fifteen
phire seven grains, make them into powder grains, Annis seeds, Thyme, Ginger, of each
according to art.
one dram, beat them into gross powder.
Culpeper.] It cools the violent heat of
Culpeper.] I heats the stomach and
the heart and stomach, as also of the liver, two drams in electuary (for so Galen who
expels wind.
Half a dram in powder, or
lungs, and spleen, cases pains in the body,
and most infirmities coming to the body by with clarified honey, a sufficient quantity)
was author of it, appoints it to be made
reason of heat. The dose of the powder is if age and strength permit, if not, half so
half a dram, and two ounces of the elec- much, is a sufficient dose, to be taken be-
tuary, into which with sugar dissolved in
Rose-water you may make it.
fore meat, if to heat the stomach and help
digestion ; after meat, if to expel wind.
Diospoliticum.
College.] Take of Cummin seeds steeped
Diatrion Santalon.
in vinegar and dried, long Pepper, Rue College.] Take of all the sorts of Sanders,
leaves, of each an ounce, Nitre half an ; red Roses, of cach three drams, Rhubarb,
ounce, make them into powder.
Ivory, Juice of Liquorice, Purslain seeds,
Culpeper.]. It is an admirable remedy į of each two drams and fifteen grains, white
for such whose ineat is putrified in their Starch, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, the seeds
stomachs, it helps cold stomachs, cold of Melons, Cucumbers, Citruls, Gourds,
belchings and windy. You may take half Endive, of each a dram and an hall, Can-
a dram after meat, either in a spoonful of phire a scruple, make them into powder
Muskadel, or in a Syrup of Mirtles or according to art.
Quinces, or any Cordial Water whose effects Culpeper.] It is very profitable against
the heat of the stomach and liver, besides,
Species Diafragacanthi frigidi. it wonderfully helps such as have the yellow
College.] Take of Gum Tragacanth two jaundice, and consumptions of the lungs.
ounces, Gum Arabic an ounce and two You may safely take a dram of the powder,
drams, white Starch half an ounce, Liquorice, or two drams of the electuary in the morning
the seeds of Melons and white Poppies, of fasting, for most of these powder will keep
each three drams, the seeds of Citruls, better by half in electuaries. .
is the same

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
321
Pulvis Haly.
tive against it, and the pestilence, as one
College.] Take of white. Poppy seeds shall usually read of.
ten drams, white Starch, Gum Arabic and
Rosate Novelle.
Tragacanth, of each three drams, the seeds College.] Take of red Roses, Liquorice,
of Purslain, Marsh-mallows, Mallows, of of each one ounce, one dram, two scruples,
each five drams, Cucumbers, Melons, and an half, Cinnamon two drams, two
Gourds, Citruls, Quinces of each seven scruples, and two grains, Cloves, Indian
drams, Ivory, Liquorice, of each three Spikenard, Ginger, Galanga, Nutmegs,
drams, Penids the weight of them all, make Zedoary, Styrax, Calamitis, Cardamoms,
them into powder according to art. Parsley seeds, of each one scruple eight
Culpeper.] It is a gallant cool powder, grains, beat them into powder.
fit for all hot imperfections of the breast Culpeper.] It quenches thirst, and stays
and lungs, as consumptions, pleurisies, &c. vomiting, and the author saith it helps hot
Your best way is to make it into a soft and dry stomachs, as also heat and dryness
electuary with Syrups of Violets, and take of the heart, liver, and lungs, (yet is the
it as Diatragacanthum frigidum.
powder itself hot,) it strengthens the vital
Letificans.
spirits, takes away heart-qualms, it pro-
College.] Take the flowers of Clove-bazil, vokes sweat, and strengthens such as have
or the seeds thereof, Saffron, Zedoary, { laboured under long chronical diseases.
Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Citron pills
, Galanga, You may take a dram of the electuary
Mace, Nutmegs, Styrax Calamitis, of each every morning, if with clarified Honey you
two drams and an half, Ivory, Annis seeds, please to make it into such a body.
Thyme, Epithimum, of each one dram,
Pulvus Thuraloes.us
bone of a Stag’s heart, Pearls, Camphire, College.] Take of Frankincense one
of each half a dram, leaves of Gold and { dram, Aloes half a dram, beat them into
Silver, of cach half a scruple, make it into { powder.
powder according to art.
Culpeper.] And when you have occa-
Culpeper.] It causes a merry heart, a sion to use it, mix so much of it with the
good colour, helps digestion, and keeps white of an egg, (beat the white of the egg
You may mix half a dramwell first) as will make it of the thickness of
of it to take at one time, or less if you Honey, then dip the wool of a Hare in it,
please, in any cordial Syrup, or cordial and apply it to the sore or part that bleeds,
electuary appropriated to the same uses,
binding it on.
Pulvis Saxonicus.
Pulvis Hermidactylorum compositus.
College.] Take of the roots of both sorts
Or Powder of Hermodactils compound.
of Angelica, Swallow-wort, garden Valerian, College.] Take of men's bones burnt.
Polipodium of the Oak, Marsh-mallows, Scammony, Hermodactils, Turbith, Sena,
Nettles, of each half an ounce, the bark of Sugar, of each equal parts, beat them into
German Mezereon, two drams, twenty grains powder.
of herb True-love, the leaves of the same,
Pulvis Sence compositus major.
roots and all, thirty six, the roots being Or Powder of Sena the greater composition.
steeped in vinegar and dried, beat it all College.] Take of the seeds of Amnis,
into powder.
Carraway, Tennel, Cummin, Spikenard,
Culpeper.] It seems to be as great an Cinnamon, Galanga, of each half an ounce,
expeller of poison, and as great a preserva-Liquorice, Gromwell, of each an ounce,
back old age.

322
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Sena, the weight of them all, beat it into keep it, you may encrease the quantity
powder.
analogically.
Culpeper.] That this receipt is gallantly The greater cordial Powder. Fern.
composed none can deny, and is an excel- College.] Take of the roots of Tormentil,
lent purge for such whose bodies as are Dittany, Clove-gilliflowers, Scabious, the
troubled with the wind cholic, or stoppage seed of Sorrel, Coriander prepared, Citron,
either of guts' or kidneys, two dramsCarduus Benedictus, Endive, Rue, of each
taken in white Wine will work sufficiently one dram, of the three sorts of Sanders,
with any ordinary body. Let weak men(white, red, and yellow,) Been, white and
and children take less, keeping within doors, red (or if you cannot get them, take the
and warm.
roots of Avens and Tormentil, in their
Pulvis Sence compositus minor.
stead) Roman Doronicum, (a kind of wolf-
Or Powder of Sena, the lesser composition. bane) Cinnamon, Cardamoms, Saffron, the
College.] Take of Sena two ounces,
flowers of both sorts of Bugloss, (viz. Bor-
Cremor Tartar half an ounce, Mace two rage and Bugloss,) red Roses, and Water-
scruples and an half, Ginger, Cinnamon, of Lilies, Wood of Aloes, Mace, of each two
each a dram and an half, Salgem one dram, scruples, Ivory, Spodium, bone of a Stay’s-
beat it into powder according to art.
heart, red Coral, Pearls, Emerald, Jacinth,
Culpeper. This powder purges melan- Granite of each one scruple, raw Silk
choly, and cleanses the head.
torrified, (dried or roasted by the fire,)
Bole-amoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each
Diasene.
College.] Take of Sena, Cremor Tar-half a dram, Camphire, Ambergris, Musk,
,
of each six grains, beat them into powder
tar, of each two ounces, Cloves, Cinnamon,
Galanga, Ammi, of each two drams, Dia- according to art, and with eigh times their
cridium half an ounce, beat it into powder weight in white sugar, dissolved in Rose-
water, you may make them into Lozenges,
according to art.
if you please.
Diaturbith with Rhubarb.
College.] Take of Turbith, Hermo- powder, are appropriated to the heart, (as
Culpeper.] Both this and the former
dactils, of each an ounce, Rhubarb ten the title shew) thefore they do strengthen
drams, Diacrydium half an ounce, Sanders that, and the vital spirit
, and relieve lan-
red and white, Violets, Ginger, of each a
guishing nature. All these are cordial
dram and an half, Mastich, Annis seeds, Powders, and seldom above half a dram of
Cinnamon, Saffron, of each half a dram, { then given at a time.
make it into powder.
A Powder for such as are bruised by a fall.
Culpeper.] This also purges flegm and
The Augustan Physicians.
choler. Once more let me desire such as
College.] Take of Terra sigillata, San-
are unskilful in the rules of physic, not to guis Draconis, Mummy of each two drans,
meddle with purges of this nature (unless Spermaceti one dram, beat them into
prescribed by a skilful Physician) lest they powder according to art.
do themselves more mischief in half an hour,
Culpeper.] You must beat the rest into
than they can rernove in half a year.
powder, and then add the Spermaceti to
The lesser cordial Powder. Fernelius.
them afterwards, for if you put the Sperma-
College.] Take of Hart's-horn, Unicorn's įceti and the rest all together and go to beat
horn, Pearls, Ivory, of each six grains beat them in that fashiớn, you may as soon beat
them into fine powder. If you mean to the mortar into powder, as the simples.
:

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
323
meat.
use.
Indeed your best way is to beat them se-sour belchings, and indigestion, gross
verally, and then mix them altogether, which humours and cold afflictions of the stomach
being done, makes you a gallant medicine șand liver. You may take half a dram of the
for the infirmities specified in the title, a' powder at a time, or two of the electuary
dram of it taken in Muskadel and sweating in the morning fasting, or an hour before
after it.
It helps digestion exceedingly,
Species Electuarii Dyacymini. Nicholaus. expels wind, and heats a cold stomach.
College.] Take of Cummin seeds infused Species Electuarii Diamargariton Calidi.
a natural day in Vinegar, one ounce and
Avicenna.
one scruple, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two College.] Take of Pearls and Pellitory of
drams and an half, Galanga, Savory, the Wall, of each one dram, Ginger,
Calaminth, of each one dram and two | Mastich, of each half an ounce, Doronicum,
scruples, Ginger, black Pepper, of each two Zedoary, Smallage seeds, both sorts of
drams and five grains, the seeds of Lovage, Cardamoms, Nutmegs, Mace, of each two
and Ammi, (Bishop's-weed,) of each one { drams, Been of both sorts, (if they cannot
dram and eighteen grains, long Pepper one be procured take the roots of Avens and
dram, Spikenard, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, of} Tormentil) black and long Pepper of each
each two scruples and an half, beat them { three drams, beat them into powder and
and keep them diligently in powder for your keep them for your use.
Culpeper.] This (quoth Avicenna) is ap-
Culpeper.] It heats the stomach and } propriated to women, and in them to dis-
bowels, expels wind exceedingly, helps the eases incident to their matrix; but his rea-
wind cholic, helps digestion hindered by sons I know not. It is cordial and heats
cold or wind, is an admirable remedy for the stomach.
wind in the bowels, and helps quartan
Lithontribon Nicholaus, according to
agues. The powder is very hot, half a dram
Fernelius.
is enough to take at one time, and too much College.] Take of Spikenard, Ginger,
if the patient be feverish, you may take it | Cinnamon, black Pepper, Cardamoms,
m white Wine. It is in my opinion a fine Cloves, Mace, of each half a dram, Costus,
composed powder.
Liquorice, Cypress, Tragacanth, Germander,
Species Electuarü Diagalange. Mesue. of each two scruples, the seeds of Bishop's-
College.] Take of Galanga, wood of weed, (Ammi,) Smallage, Sparagus, Bazil,
Aloes, of each six drams, Človes, Mace, Nettles, Citrons, Saxifrage, Burnet, Cara-
seeds of Lovage of each two drams, Ginger, way, Carrots, Fennel, Bruscus, Parsley of
long and white Pepper, Cinnamon, Calamus Macedonia, Burs, Seseli, (or Hartwort)
Aromaticus of each a dram and an half, Asarabacca; of each one drain, Lapis
Calaminth, and Mints dried, Cardamoms Spongiæ, Lyncis, Cancri, Judaici, of each
the greater, Indian Spikenard, the seeds of one dram and an half, Goat's blood pre-
Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Caraway, of each pared an ounce and half, beat them all into
one dram, beat them into powder according powder according to art.
Also it may be made into an elec- Culpeper.] It heats the stomach, and
tuary with white sugar dissolved in Malaga helps want of digestion coming through
wine, or twelve times the weight of it of cold, it eases pains in the belly and loins,
clarified Honey.
the .Illiac passion, powerfully breaks the
Culpeper.] Mesue quotes it only as an elec- stone in the reins and bladder, it speedily
tuary, which he saith prevails against wind, helps the cholic, stranguary, and disury.
(33, 34.)
to art.
4 o

324
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
The dose is from a dram to half a dram, Saphire, bone of a Stag's heart, of each
take it either in white Wine, or decoction of one dram, beat them into powder accord-
herbs tending to the same purposes. ing to art.
Pleres Arconticon. Nicholaus. Culpeper.] The title tells you the virtue
College.] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, of it, besides, it cheers the vital spirits, and
Galanga, Wood of Aloes, Indian Spikenard, strengthens the heart. You may take half
Nutmegs, Ginger, Spodium, Schoenanthus, ja dram every morning either by itself, or
Cypress, Roses, Violets of each one dram, mixed with any other convenient composi-
Indian Leaf or Mace, Liquorice, Mastich, {tion, whether Syrup or Electuary.
Styrax Calamitis, Marjoram, Costmary, or Diaturbith the greater, without Rhubarb.
Water-mints, Bazil, Cardamoms, long and College.] Take of the best Turbith an
white Pepper, Myrtle berries, and Citron ounce, Diagridium, Ginger, of each half an
pills, of each half a dram and six grains, ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two
Pearls, Been white and red, (or, if they be drams, Galanga, long Pepper, Mace, of each
wanting, take the roots of Avens and Tor- one dram, beat them into powder, and with
mentil in their stead) red Coral, torrified eight ounces and five drams of white sugar
Silk, of each eighteen grains, Musk six dissolved in Succory Water, it may be made
grains, Camphire four grains, beat them into an electuary.
into powder according to art, and with ten Culpeper.] It purges flegm, being rightly
times their weight in sugar dissolved in administered by a skilful hand. I fancy it
Bawm water, you may make them into an not.
electuary.
A Powder for the TVorms.
Culpeper.] It is exceedingly good for College.] Take of Wormseed, four
sad, melancholy, lumpish, pensive, grieving, ounces, Sena, one ounce, Coriander seeds
vexing, pining, sighing, sobbing, fearful, prepared, Hart's-horn, of each half a dram,
careful spirits, it strengthens weak stomachs Rhubarb half an ounce, dried Rue, two
exceedingly, and help such as are prone to drams, beat them into powder.
faintings and swoonings, it strengthens such Culpeper.] I like this powder very well,
as are weakened by violence of sickness, it the quantity (or to write more scholastically,
helps bad memories, quickens all the senses, the dose) must be regulated according to
strengthens the brain and animal spirits, the age of the patient, even from ten grains
helps the falling-sickness, and succours to a dram, and the manner of taking it by
such as are troubled with asthmas, or other their palate. It is something purging.
cold afflictions of the lungs. It will keep
best in an electuary, of which you may take
a dram in the morning, or more, as age and
ELECTUARIES.
strength requires.
A Preservative Powder against the Pestilence.
Antidotus Analeptica.
Montagnam.
College.] Take of red Roses, Liquorice,
College.] Take of all the Sanders, (white, of each two drams and five grains, Gum
red, and yellow,) the seeds of Bazil, of each Arabic and Tragacanth, of each two drams
an ounce and an half, Bole Amoniac, Cin- and two scruples, Sanders white and red,
namon, of each an ounce, the roots of each four scruples, juice of Liquorice, white
Dittany, Gentian, and Tormentil, of each Starch, the seeds of white Poppies, Purslain,
two drams and an half, the seeds of Citron Lettuce, and Endive, of each three drams, the
and Sorrel, of each two drams, Pearls, four greater cold seeds husked, of Quinces,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
Mallows, Cotton, Violets, Pine-nuts, fistic towards the end, Cinnamon bruised half an
Nuts, sweet Almonds, pulp of Sebestens, of ounce, strain it, and with two pounds of
each two drams, Cloves, Spodium, Cinna- white sugar, boil it to the thickness of a
mon, of each one dram, Saffron five grains, Syrup, putting in, in powder, Cinnamon, a
Penids half an ounce, being beaten, make dram, Nutmegs, half a scruple, Musk three
them all into a soft electuary with three grains, Ambergris, two and thirty grains,
times their weight in Syrup of Violets. ten leaves of Gold, Spirit of Vitriol four
Culpeper.] It restores consumptions, and drops, and so make it into an electuary
hectic fevers, lost strength, it nourishes according to art.
much, and restores radical moisture, opens Culpeper.] It opens obstruction of the
the pores, resists choler, takes away coughs, ſliver and spleen, helps cold rheums or de-
quenches thirst, and resists fevers. You fluxions from the head to the lungs, or
may take an ounce in a day, by a dram atļteeth, or eyes, it is excellent in coughs, and
a time, if you please.
other cold afflictions of the lungs and
Confectio Alkermes.
breast, it helps digestion, expels wind and
College.] Take of the juice of Apples, the gravel of the kidneys, it provokes the
Damask Rose-water, of each a pound and menses, warms and dries up the moisture of
an half, in which infuse for twenty-four the womb, which is many times the cause
hours, raw Silk four ounces, strain itį of barrenness, and is generally a helper of
strongly, and add Syrup of the berries of all diseases coming of cold, raw thin
Cherms brought over to us, two pounds, humours, you may take half a dram al a
Sugar one pound, boil it to the thickness of time in the morning.
Honey; then removing it from the fire Electuarium de Baccis Lauri.
whilst it is warm, add Ambergris cut small, Or Electuary of Bay-berries.
half an ounce, which being well mingled, College.] Takeof the leaves of dried Rue ten
put in these things following in powder, drams, the seeds of Ammi, Cummin, Lovage,
Cinnamon, Wood of Aloes, of each six Origanum, Nigella, Caraway, Carrots,
drams, Pearls prepared, two drams, Leaf- Parsley, bitter Almonds, Pepper black and
Gold a dram, Musk a scruple, nake it up long, wild Mints, Calamus Aromaticus,
according to art.
Bay-berries, Castorium of each two drams;
Culpeper.] Questionless this is a great { Sagapenum half an ounce, Opopanax three
cordial, and a mighty strengthener of the drams, clarified Honey a pound and an
heart, and vital spirits, a restorer of such as half, the things to be beaten; being beaten,
are in consumptions, a resister of pesti- and the Gums dissolved in Wine, make it
lences and poison, a relief to languishing into an electuary according to art.
nature, it is given with good success in Culpeper.] It is exceeding good either in
fevers, but give not too much of it at a the cholic, or Iliac passion, or any other
a time, lest it prove too hot for the body, disease of the bowels coming of cold or
and too heavy for the purse. You may wind, it generally eases pains in the bowels.
mix ten grains of it with other convenient You may give a dram in the morning fast-
cordials to children, twenty or thirty to ing, or half an ounce in a clyster, acc
ccording
as the disease is.
Electuarium e Sassaphras.
Diacapparit.
College.] Take of Sassafras two ounces, College. Take of Capers four ouncesy
common Water three pounds, boil it to the Agrimony Roots, Nigella seeds, Squils,
consumption of the third part, adding, Asarabacca, Centaury, black Pepper, Small-
men.

326
THE COMPLETE HERBAL A
age, Thyme of each an ounce, Honey three therefore stops fluxes, neither do I know a
times their weight, make it into an electuary better medicine in all the dispensatory for
according to art.
such as have a consumption accompanied
Culpeper.] They say it helps infirmities with looseness. It stops the menses and
of the spleen, and indeed the name seems to Fluor Albus. Take but a dram at a time
promise so much, it may be good for cold every morning, because of its binding
bodies, if they have strength of nature in quality, except you have a looseness, for
them.
then you may take so much two or three
Diacinnamomum.
.
times a day.
College.] Take of Cinnamon fifteen
Diacorum.
drams, Cassia Lignea, Elecampane roots, College.] Take of the roots of Cicers,
of each half an ounce, Galanga, seven} Acorus, or Calamus Aromaticus, Fine-nuts,
drams, Cloves, long Pepper, both sorts of of each a pound and a half, let the Cicers
Cardamoms, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, į roots, being cleansed, cut, boiled, and
Wood of Aloes, of each three drams, Saffron, pulped, be added to ten pounds of clarified
one dram, Sugar five drams, Musk two honey, and boiled, (stirring it) to its just
scruples, adding according to the prescript thickness, then being removed from the
of the Physician, and by adding three pounds fire, add the Acorus roots beaten, the Pine-
eight ounces of clarified Honey, boil it and {nuts cut, and these following in powder.
make it into an electuary according to art. Take of black Pepper an ounce, long Pepper,
Culpeper.] Diacinnamomum, or in plain Cloves, Ginger, Mace, of each half an
English, A composition of Cinnamon, heats ounce, Nutmegs, Galanga, Cardamons, of
the stomach, causes digestion, provokes the each three drams, mix them with the roots
menses, strengthens the stomach and other and Honey into an electuary according toart.
parts that distribute the nourishment of the Culpeper.] The electuary provokes lust,
body, a dram of it taken in the morning heats the brain, strengthens the nerves,
fasting, is good for ancient people and cold quickens the senses, causes an acute wit,
bodies, such as are subject to dropsies and ſeases pains in the head, helps the falling-
diseases of flegm, or wind, for it comforts sickness and convulsions, coughs, catharts,
and strengthens nature much. If you take and all diseases proceeding from coldness
at to help digestion, take it an hour before of the brain. Half a dram is enough to
meat, do so in all things of like quality. take at one time, because of its heat.
Diacorallion.
Peony is an herb of the sun, the roots of
College.] Take of Coral white and red, it cure the falling-sickness.
Bole-amoniac, Dragon's-blood, of each one
Diacydonium simple.
dram, Pearls half a dram, Wood of Aloes, College.] Take of the flesh of Quinces
red Roses, Gum Tragacanth, Cinnamon, of cut and boiled in fair water to a thickness,
each two scruples, Sanders white and red, eight pounds, white sugar six pounds, boil
of each one scruple, with four times its it to it just thickness.
weight in sugar dissolved in small Cinna-
Diacydonium with Species
mon Water, make it into an electuary, College.] Take of the juice of Quinces,
according to art.
Sugar, of each two pounds, white Wine
Culpeper.] It comforts and strengthens Vinegar half a pound, added at the end of
the heart exceedingly, and restores such as the decoction, it being gently boiled, and the
are in consumptions, it is cooling, therefore scum taken away, add Ginger two ounces,
good in hectic fevers, very binding, and white Pepper ten drams and two scruples,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
327
bruise them grossly, and boil it again to the
Antidotum Hæmagogum.
thickness of Honey.
College.] Take of Lupines brisked two
Diacydonium compound, Magisterial, drams, black Pepper five scruples and six
College.] Take of white Sugar six pounds, grains, Liquorice four scruples, long Birth-
Spring Water four pounds, clarify them wort, Mugwort, Cassia Lignea, Macedonian
well with the white of an egg, scumming Parsley seed, Pellitory of Spain, Rue seed,
them, then take of ripe Quinces cleansed Spikenard, Myrrh, Pennyroyal, of each two
from the rind and seeds, and cut in four scruples and fourteen grains, the seeds of
quarters, eight pounds, boil them in the Smallage, Savin, of each two scruples and
foregoing Syrup till they be tender, then thirteen grains, Centaury the greater, Cre-
strain the Syrup through a linen cloth, tish Carrots, Nigella, Caraway, Annis,
vocata Anglice, Boulter ; boil them again to Cloves, Alum, of each two scruples, Bay
a jelly, adding four ounces of white wine leaves one scruple, one half scruple, and
Vinegar towards the end ; remove it from three grains, Schænanth one scruple and
the fire, and whilst it is warm put in these sthirteen grains, Asarabacca, Calamus Aroina-
following species in powder, Ginger anticus, Amomum, Centaury the less, the seed
ounce, white Pepper, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, of Orrach, Peony, Fexnel, of each one
of each two drams, keep it for use. scruple and six grains, wood of Aloes, a
Culpeper.] The virtues of all these three scruple and fourteen grains, Cypress,
are, they comfort the stomach, help diges- Elecampane, Ginger, Cappar roots, Cummin,
tion, stays vomiting, belchings, &c. stop Orobus, of each one scruple, all of them
Huxes and the menses. They are all harm-, being beaten into very fine powder, let
less, you may take the quantity of a nut-them be made into an electuary according
meg of them at a time, before meat to help tu art, with four times their weight in sugar,
digestion and fluxes, after meat to staylet it stand one month before you use it
vomiting, in the morning for the rest.
Culpeper.] It provokes the menses, brings
Confectio de Hyacintho.
away both birth and after-birth, the dead
College.] Take of Jacinth, red Coral, child, purges such as are not sufficiently
Bole-amoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each purged after travail, it provokes urine,
half an ounce, the berries of Chermes, the breaks the stone in the bladder, helps the
Roots of Tormentil and Dittany, the seeds stranguary, disury, iskury, &c. helps in
of Citrons, Sorrel, and Purslain, Saffron, digestion, the cholic, opens any stoppings in
Myrrh, red Roses exungulated, all the sorts the body, it heats the stomach, purges the
of Sanders, bone of a Stag's heart, Hart's- liver and spleen, consumes wind, stays
horn, Ivory prepared, of each four scruples, vomiting, but let it not be taken by preg-
Samphire, Emerald, Topaz, Pearls, raw nant women, nor such people as have the
Silk, leaves of Gold and Silver, of each two hemorrhoids. The dose is from one dram
scruples, Campbire, Musk, Ambergris, of to two drams.
each five grains, with Syrup of Lemons
Diasatyrion.
make it into a confection according to art. College.] Take of Satyrion roots thr
Culpeper] It is a great cordial and ounces, Dates, bitter Almonds, Indian
cool, exceeding good in acute fevers and Nuts, Pine nuts, Festick. nuts, green Ginger,
pestilences, it mightily strengthens and Eringo. roots preserved, of each one ounce,
cherishes the heart. Never above half a Ginger, Cloves, Galanga, Pepper long and
dram is given at a time, very seldom so black, of each: three drams, Ambergris
jone scruple, Musk two scruples, Penins
(33, 34.)
much.
4 p

de TUE COMPLETE HERBAL
328
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
four ounces, Cinnamon, Saffron, of each College.] Take of the juice of Liquorice,
half an ounce, Malaga Wine three ounces, sweet Almonds, Hazel-Nuts, of each half
Nutmegs, Mace, Grains of Paradise, of an ounce, Pine-nuts an ounce, Hysop,
each two drams, Ash-tree keys, the belly Maidenhair, Orris, Nettle seeds, round
and loins and Scinks, Borax, Benjamin, of} Birthwort, of each a dram and an half,
each three drams, wood of Aloes, Cardamoms, black Pepper, the seeds of Water-cresses,
of each two drams, the seeds of Nettles and the roots of Elecampane, of each half a
Onions, the roots of Avens, of each a dram dram, Honey fourteen ounces, make them
and and half, with two pounds and an half into an electuary according to art
of Syrup of green Ginger, make them into Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach
an electuary according to art.
and lungs, and helps the vices thereof. Take
Electuarium Diaspermaton. it with a Liquorice stick.
College.] Take of the four greater and
Theriaca Diatessaron.
desser cold seeds, the seeds of Asparagus, College.] Take of Gentain, Bay-berries,
Burnet, Bazil, Parsley, Winter Cherries, of Myrrh, round Birthwort, of each two ounces,
each two drams, Gromwell, Juice of Liquo- Honey two pounds, make them into an
rice, of each three drams, Cinnamon, Mace, želectuary according to art.
of each one dram, with eight times their Culpeper.] This is a gallant electuary.
weight in white Sugar dissolved in Marsh- It wonderfully helps cold infirmities of the
mallows water, make it into an electuary } brain, as convulsions, falling-sickness, dead
according to art.
palsies, shaking palsies, &c. As also the
Culpeper.] It breaks the stone, and pro- stomach, as pains there, wind, want of
wokes urine. Men may take half an ounce digestion, as also stoppings of the liver,
at a time, and children half so much, in ļ dropsies, it resists the pestilence and poison,
water of any herb or roots, &c. (or decoc- and helps the bitings of venomous beasts.
tion of them) that break the stone.
The dose is from half a dram to two drams,
Micleta.
according to the age and strength of the
College.] Take of the barks of all the patient, as also the strength of the diseases :
Myrobalans torrified, of each two drams you may take it either in the morning, or
and an half, the seeds of Water-cresses, when urgent occasion calls for it.
Cummin, Annis, Fennel, Ammi, Caraway,
Diascordium.
of each a dram and an half, bruise the College.] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia
seeds and sprinkle them with sharp white Lignea, of each half an ounce, Scordium,
wine Vinegar, then beat them into powder, an ounce, Dittany of Crete, Tormentil
,
and add the Mirobalans, and these things Bistort, Gálbanum, Gum Arabic, of each
that follow, Spodium, Balaustines, Sumach, half an ounce, Opium one dram and an
Mastich, Gum Arabic, of each one dram half, Sorrel seeds one dram and a half,
and fifteen grains, mix them together, and Gentain half an ounce, Bole-amoniac an
with ten ounces of Syrup of Myrtles, make ounce and an half, Earth of Lemnos half
them into an electuary according to art. an ounce, long Pepper, Ginger, of each two
Culpeper.] It gently eases the bowels of drams, clarified Honey two pounds and an
the wind cholic, wringing of the bowels, half, Sugar of Roses one pound, Canary
infirmities of the spleen, it stops fluxes, the Wine ten ounces, make them into an elec-
hemorrhoids, as also the menses.
tuary according to art.
Electuarium Pectorale.
Culpeper.] It is a wel composed elec-
Or a Pectoral Electuary.
tuary, something appropriated to the nature

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
329
or more.
of women, for it provokes the menses, cold infirmities of the brain, and stopping
hastens labour, helps their usual sickness of the passage of the senses, (viz. hearing,
at the time of their lying in; I know nothing seeing, smelling, &c.) by cold, it expels
better, it stops fluxes, mightily strengthens wind, helps the cholic, provokes appetite to
the heart and stomach, neither is so hot one's victuals, it helps ulcers in the bladder,
but it may safely be given to weak people, if Galen say true, as also difficulty of urine,
and besides provokes sleep. It may safely it casts out the dead child, and helps such
be given to young children ten grains at { women as cannot conceive by reason of
a time, ancient people may take a dramcold, it is an admirable remedy for melan-
It is given as an excellent cor- choly, and all diseases of the body coming
dial in such fevers as are accompanied with through cold, it would fill a whole sheet of
want of sleep.
paper to reckon them all up particularly.
Mithridate.
You may take a scruple or half a dram in
College.] Take of Myrrh, Saffron, the morning, and follow your business, two
Agarick, Ginger, Cinnamon, Spikenard, drams will make you sweat, yea one dram
Frankincense, Treacle, Mustard seeds, of if your body be weak, for then two drams
each ten drams, the seeds of Hartwort, may be dangerous because of its heat.
Opobalsamum, or oil of Nutmegs by ex-
Phylonium Persicum.
pression, Schenanth, Stæchas, Costus, Gal-
banum, Turpentine, long Pepper, Castorium, seeds of white Henbane, of each two dramis,
College.] Take of white Pepper, the
juice of Hypocistis, Styrax, Calamitis, Opium, Earth of Lemnos, of each tendrams,
Opopanax, Indian leaf, or for want of it
Mace, of each an ounce, Cassia Lignea, Lap, Hematitus, Saffron, of each five drams,
Poley Mountain, white Pepper, Scordium,
the seeds of Carrots of Crete, Carpobalsamum prepared, Pellitory of Spain, Pearls, Amber,
or Cubebs, Troch, Cypheus, Bdelium, of Zedoary, Elecampane, Troch, Rannach, of
each seven drams, Celtic Spikenard, Gum treble weight in Honey of Roses, make it
each a dram, Camphire a scruple, with their
Arabic, Macedonian Parsley seeds, Opium, into an electuary according to art.
Cardamoms tlie less, Fennel seed, Gentian,
red Rose leaves, Dittany of Crete, of each
Culpeper.] It stops blood flowing from
five drams, Annis seeds, Asarabacca, Orris any part of the body, the immoderate
Acorus, the greater Valerian, Sagapen, of flowing of the menses, the hemorrhoids in
each three drams, Meum Acacia, the bellies men, spitting of blood, bloody fluxes, and
of Scinks, the tops of St. John's Wort, of
is profitable for such women as are subject
each two drams and an half, Malaga Wine,
to miscarry: See the next receipt.
so much as is sufficient to dissolve the juices
Phylonium Romanum.
and gums, clarified Honey the treble weight College.] Take of white Pepper, white
of all, the wine excepted, make them into Henbane seeds, of each five drams, Opium
an electuary according to art,
two drams and an half, Cassia lignea a
Culpeper.] It is good against poison dram and an half, the seeds of Smallage a
and such as have done themselves wrong by dram, Parsley of Macedonia, Fennel,
taking filthy medicines, it provokes sweat, Carrots of Crete, of each two scruples and
it helps continual waterings of the stomach, five grains, Saffron a scruple and an half,
uicers in the body, consumptions, weakness Indian Spikenard, Pellitory of Spain,
of the limbs, rids the body of cold humours, į Zedoary fifteen grains, Cinnamon a dram
and diseases coming of cold, it remedies, and an half, Euphorbium prepared, Myrrh,

330
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Castorium, of each a dram with their treble } Rhapontic, Stochas, Horehound, Macedo-
weight in clarified Honey, make it into an nian Parsley seed, Calaminth, Cypress,
electuary.
Turpentine, the roots of Cinquefoyl and
Electuarium de Ovo.
Ginger, of each six drams, Poley Mountain,
Or electuary of Eggs.
Chamepitis, Celtic Spikenard, Amomus,
College.] Take a Hen’s Egg new laid, Styrax Calamitis, the roots of Meum, the
and the white being taken out by a small tops of Germander, the roots of Rhapontic
hole, fill up the void place with Saffron, Earth of Lemnos, Indian Leaf, Chalcitis
leaving the yolk in, then the hole being burnt, or instead thereof Roman Vitriol
stopped, roast it in ashes till the shell begin burnt, Gentian roots, Gum Arabic, the juice
to look black, take diligent heed the Saffron of Hypositis, Carpobalsamum or Nutmegs,
burn not, for then is the whole medicine or Cubebs, the seeds of Annis, Cardamoms,
spoiled, then the matter being taken out Fennel, Hartwort, Acacia, or instead there-
dry, if so that it may be beaten into powder of the juice of Sloes made thick, the seeds
and add to it as much powder of white i of Treacle Mustard, and Ammi, the tops of
Mustard seed as it weighs. Then take the St. John's Wort, Sagapen, of each four
roots of white Dittany and Tormentil, of drams, Castorium, the roots of long Birth-
each two drams, Myrrh, Hart's-horn, Peta- wort, Bitumen, Judaicum, Carrot seed,
sitis roots, of each one dram, the roots of Opopanax, Centaury the less, Galbanum, of
Angelica and Burnet, Juniper Berries, each two drams, Canary Wine enough to
Zedoary, Camphire of each half an ounce, i dissolve what is to be dissolved, Honey the
mix them all together in a mortar, then add į treble weight of the dry species, make them
Venice Treacle the weigh of them all, stir into an Electuary according to art.
them about with a pestle three hours Culpeper.] It resists poison, and the
together, putting in so inuch Syrup of bitings of venomous beasts, inveterate head-
Lemons, as is enough to make it into an aches, vertigo, deafness, the falling-sickness,
electuary according to art.
astonishment, apoplexies, dulness of sight,
Culpeper.] A dram of it given at a time, want of voice, asthmaes, old and new
is as great a help in a pestilential fever as a coughs, such as spit or vomit blood, such as
man shall usually read of in a Galenist. can hardly spit or breathe, coldness of the
It provokes sweat, and then you shall be stomach, wind, the cholic, and illiac passion,
taught how to use yourself. If years do, the yellow jaundice, hardness of the spleen,
not permit, give not so much.
stone in the reins and bladder, difficulty of
Theriaca Andromachi.
urine, ulcers in the bladder, fevers, dropsies,
Or Venice Treacle.
leprosies, it provokes the menses, brings
College.] Take of Troches of Squils i forth birth and after-birth, helps pains in
forty-eight drams, Troches of Vipers, long the joints, it helps not only the body, but
Pepper, Opium of Thebes, Magma, Hedycroi also the mind, as vain fears, melancholy,
dried, of each twenty-four drams, red &c. and is a good remedy in pestilential
Roses exungulated, Orris, Illirick, juice of fevers. You may take half a dram and go
Liquorice, the seeds of sweet Navew, about your business, and it will do you
Scordium, Opobalsamum, Cinnamon, good if you have occasion to go in ill airs,
Agerick, of each twelve drams, Myrrh, or in pestilent times, if you shall sweat under
Costus, or Zedoary, Saffron, Cassia Lignea, it, as your best way is, if your body be not
Indian Spikenard, Scbenanth, Pepper white in health, then take one dram, or between
and black, Olibanum, Dittany of Crete, one and two, or less than one, according as

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
331
age and strength is, if you cannot take this and clarified, make it into an elictuar
or any other sweating medicine by itself, {according to art.
mix it with a little Carduus or Dragon's Culpeper.] It is exceeding good against
water, or Angelica water, which in my cold diseases of the stomach, liver, or
opinion is the best of the three.
spleen, corruption of humours and putre-
Theriacca Londinensis.
faction of meat in the stomach, ill favoured
colour of the body, dropsies, cold faults in
Or London Treacle.
Take of Hart's-horn two Take a dram in the morning.
the reins and bladder, provokes urine.
College.]
ounces, the seeds of Citrons, Sorrel, Peony,
Bazil, of each one ounce, Scordium, Coral-
liana, of each six drams, the roots of Angelica,
Tormentil, Peony, the leaves of Dittany, PURGING ELECTUARIES.
Bay-berries, Juniper-berries, of each half
Benedicta Laxativa.
an ounce, the flowers of Rosemary, Mari-
golds, Clove Gilliflowers, the tops of Saint drams, Diacridium, bark of Spurge Roots
College.] Take of choice Turbith ten
John's Wort, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each prepared, Hermodactils, Red Roses, of each
three drams, the Roots of Gentian, Zedoary, five drams, Cloves, Spikenard, Ginger,
Ginger, Mace, Myrrh, the leaves of Scabi- Saffron, long Pepper, Amomus, or for want
ous, Devil's-bit, Carduus, of each two drams, of it Calamus Aromaticus, Cardamoms the
Cloves, Opium, of each a dram, Malaga less, the seeds of Smallage, Parsley, Fennel,
Wine as much as is sufficient, with their Asparagus, Bruscus, Saxifrage, Gromwell
,
treble weight in Honey, mix them accord- Caraway, sal. gem. Galanga, Mace, of each
ing to art.
a dram, with their treble weight of clarified
Culpeper.] The receipt is a pretty cor- Honey: make them into an clectuary
dial, resists the pestilence, and is a good according to art. Also you may keep the
antidote in pestilential times, it resists poi- species itself in your shops.
son, strengthens cold stomachs, helps diges-
Culpeper.] It purges flegm, chiefly from
tion, crudities of the stomach. A man the joints, also it purges the reins and
may safely take two drams of it in a bladder.
morning, and let him fear no harm.
Caryocostinum.
.
College.] Take of Cloves, Costus, or
College.] Take of Saffron, Asarabacca Zedoary, Ginger, Cummin, of each two
100ts, the seeds of Parsley, Carrots, Annis, drams, Hermodactils, Diacridium, of each
Smallage, of each half an ounce, Rhubarb, half an ounce: with their double weight of
the roots of Meum, Indian Spikenard, of Honey clarified in white wine, make them
each six drams, Cassia Lignea, Costus, into an electuary according to art.
Myrrh, Schenanth, Cubebs, Madder roots, Culpeper.] Authors say it purges hot
he juices of Maudlin, and Wormwood { rheums, and takes away inflammations in
made thick, Opobalsamum, or oil of Nut- wounds, I assure you the electuary works
megs, of each two drams, Cinnamon, violently, and may safely be given in clysters,
Calamus Aromaticus, of each a dram and and so you may give two or three drams at
an half, Scordium, Cetrach, juice of Liquo- a time, if the patient be strong. For taken
rice, of each two drams and an half, Traga- otherwise it would kill a horse cum privilegio
canth a dram, with eight times their weight Cassia Extracta pro Clysteribus.
in white sugar, dissolved in Endive water, Or Cassia extracted for Clysters.
(33, 34.
Diacrocuma.
.
4 Q

332
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
heat.
College.] 'Take of the leaves of Violets, not have the unskilful too busy about
Mallows, Beets, Mercury, Pellitory of the purges without advice of a physician.
Wall, Violet flowers, of each a handful,
Diacassia with Munna.
boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, College.] Take of Damask Prunes two
the benefit of which let the Cassia be ex-ounces, Violet flowers a handful and an
tracted, and the canes washed ; then take half, Spring Water a pound an an half, boil
of this Cassia so drawn, and boil it to its it according to art till half be consumed,
consistence, a pound, Sugar a pound and a strain it, and dissolve in the decoction șix
half, boil them to the form of an electuary ounces of Cassia newly drawn, sugar of
according to art.
Violets, Syrup of Violets, of each four
Culpeper.] You may take it in white jounces, Pulp of Tamarinds an ounce, Sugar
Wine, it is good for gentle bodies, for if your Candy an ounce and an half
, Manna two
body be hard to work upon, perhaps it will {ounces, mix them, and make them into an
not work at all; it purges the reins gallantly, electuary according to art.
and cools them, thereby preventing the Culpeper.] It is a fine cool purge for
stone, and other diseases caused by their such as are bound in the body, for it works
gently, and without trouble, it purges choler,
Electuarium Amarum Magistrale majus. and may safely be given in fevers coming of
Or the greater bitter Electuary. choler : but in such cases, if the body be
College.] Take of Agarick, Turbith, much bound, the best way is first to
Species Hiera Simplex, Rhubarb, of each administer à clyster, and then the next
one dram, choice Aloes unwashed two morning an ounce of this will cool the body,
drams, Ginger, Crystal of Tartar, of each and keep it in due temper.
two scruples, Oriis, Florentine, sweet Cassia extracta sine soliis Sena.
Fennel seeds, of each a scruple, Syrup of Or Cassia extracted without the leaves of
Roses solutive as much as is sufficient to
Sena.
make it into an electuary according to art. College.] Take twelve Prunes, Violet
1111
Electuarium Amarum minus. flowers a handful, French Barley, the seed
Or the lesser bitter Electuary, of Annis, and bastard Saffron, Polypodium
College.] Take of Epithimum half an of the Oak, of each five drams, Maiden-
ounce, the rools of Angelica three drams, hair, Thyme, Epithimum, of each half a
of Gentian, Zedoary, Acorus, of each two handful, Raisins of the Sun stoned half an
drains, Cinnamon one drain and an balf, ounce; sweet Fennel seeds two drams, the
Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each seeds of Purslain, and Mallows; of each
one dram, Aloes six ounces, with Syrup of three drams, Liquorice half an ounce, boil
Fumitory, Scabious and Sugar so much as them in a sufficient quantity of water, strain
is sufficient to make it into a soft electuary. them and dissolve in the decoction, pulp of
Culpeper.] Both these purge choler, the Cassia two pounds, of Tamarinds an ounce,
former "flegm, and this melancholy, the Cinnamon three drams, Sugar a pound,
former works strongest, and this strengthens boil it into the form of an electuary.
most, and is good for such whose brains are Cassia extracta cum soliis Sena.
annoyed. You may take half an ounce of Or Cassia extracted with the leaves of Sena.
the former, if your body be any thing College.] Take of the former receipt
strong, in white Wine, if very strong an two pounds, Sena in powder two ounces,
ounce, a reasonable body may take an mix them according to art.
ounce of the latter, the weak less. I would Culpeper.] This is also a fine cool gentle

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
333
You may
purge, cleansing the bowels of choler and į aforesaid pulp, the pulp of Cassia, ald
melancholy without any griping, very fit Tamarinds, of cach one ounce, then mix
for feverish bodies, and yet the former is with it these powders following: Sanders
gentler than this. They both cleanse and white and red, Spodium, Rhubarb, of each
cool the reins; a reasonable body may take { three drams, red Roses, Violets, the seeds
an ounce and an half of the former, and an of Purslain, Succory, Barberries, Gum
ounce of the latter in white Wine, if they Tragacanth, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of each
keep the house, or their bodies be oppressed two drams, the four greater cold seeds, of
with melancholy, let them take half the each one dram, make it into an electuary
quantity in four ounces of decoction of} according to art.
Epithimum.
Culpeper.] It may safely, and is with
Diacarthamum.
good success, given in acute, burning, and
College.] Take 'of Diatragacanthum all other fevers, for it cools much, and
frigiduin, half an ounce, pulp of preserved | loosens the body gently: it is good in agues,
Quinces an ounce, the inside of the seeds of hectic fevers, and Mirasmos.
Bastard Saffron half an ounce, Ginger two take an ounce of it at a time, at night when
drams, Diacrydium beaten by itself three you go to bed, three hours after a light
drams, Turbith six drams, Manna two supper, neither need you keep your cham-
ounces, Honey of Roses solutive, Sugarber next day, unless the weather be very
Candy, of each an ounce, Hermodactils half cold, or your body very tender.
an ounce, Sugar ten ounces and an half,
Diaprunum solutive.
make of them a liquid electuary according College.] Take of Diaprunum Lenitive
to art.
whilst it is warm, four pounds, Scammony
Diaphænicon.
prepared two ounce and five drams, mix
College.] Take of the pulp of Dates them into an electuary according to art.
boiled in Hydromel, Penids, of each half Seeing the dose of Scammony is increased
a pound, sweet Almonds blanched, three according to the author in this medicine,
ounces and an half, to all of them being you may use a less weight of Scammony if
bruised and mixed, add clarified Honey you please.
two pounds, boil them a little, and then
Catholicon.
strew in Ginger, long Pepper, Mace, Cin- College.] Take of the pulp of Cassia
namon, Rue leaves, the seeds of Fennel and and Tamarinds, the leaves of Sena, of each
Carrots, of each two drams, Turbith four two ounces, Polypodium, Violets, Rhubarb,
ounces, Diacridium an ounce and an half, of each one ounce, Annis seeds, Penids,
make of them an electuary according to Sugar Candy, Liquorice, the seeds of
Gourds, Citruls, Cucumbers, Melons, of
Culpeper.] I cannot believe this is so each two drams, the things to be bruised
profitable in fevers taken downwards as being bruised, take of fresh Polypodium
authors for it is a very violent purge. three ounces, sweet Fennel seeds six drams,
Diaprunum Lenitive
boil them in four pounds of water till the
College.] Take one hundred Damask third part be consumed, strain it, and with
Prunes, boil them in water till they be soft, two pounds of sugar, boil the decoction to
then pulp them, and in the liquor they were the thickness of a Syrup; then with the
boiled in, boil gently one of Violet flowers, pulps and powder make it into an elec-
strain it, and with two pounds of sugar boil tuary according to art.
it to a Syrup, then add half a pound of the Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling purge for
art.
say,

334
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
your business.
any part of the body, and very gentle, it too much; you may take it in white wine,
may be given (an ounce, or half an ounce and keep yourself warm. If you would
at a time, according to the strength of the have my opinion of it, I do not like it.
patient) in acute, or peracute diseases, for it
Confectio Hamech.
gently loosens the belly, and adds strength, College.] Take of the bark of Citron,
it helps infirmities of the liver and spleen, Myrobalans two ounces, Myrobalans,
gouts of all sorts, quotidian, tertian, and , Chebs and blacks, Violets, Colocynthis,
quartan agues, as also head-aches. It is Polypodium of the Oak, of each one ounce
usually given in clysters. If you like to șand an half, Wormwood, Thyme, of each
take it inwardly, you may take an onnce at half an ounce, the seeds of Annis, and
night going to bed ; in the morning drink | Fennel, the flowers of red Roses of each
a draught of hot posset drink and go about three drams, let all of them being bruised,
be infused one day in six pounds of Whey,
Electuarium de Citro Solutivum. then boiled till half be consumed, rubbed
Or Electuary of Citrons, solutive. with your hands and pressed out: to the
College.] Take of Citron pills preserved, decoction add juice of Fumitory, pulp of
conserves of the flowers of Violets and Prunes, and Raisins of the Sun, of each
Bugloss, Diatragacanthum frigidum, Dia- } half a pound, white Sugar, clarified Honey,
crydium, of each half an ounce, Turbith of each one pound, boil it to the thickness
five drams, Ginger half a dram, Sena six of Honey, strewing in towards the end.
drams, sweet Fennel seeds one dram, white Agarick trochiscaled, Sena of each two
sugar dissolved in Rose-water, and boiled ounces, Rhubarb one ounce and an half
according to arl, ten ounces, make a solid } Epithimum one ounce, Diacrydium six
electuary according to art.
drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, Ginger
Culpeper.] Here are some things very two drams, the seeds of Fumitory and
cordial, others purge violently, both put Annis, Spikenard, of each one dram, make
together, make a composition no way pleas- it into an electuary according to art.
ing to me; therefore I acconut it a pretty Culpeper.] The receipt is chiefly appro-
receipt, good for nothing.
Sumated as a purge for melancholy ind salt
Electuarium Elesconh.
niegm, and diseases thence arising, as scabs,
College.] Take of Diacrocium, Turbith, itch, leprosies, cancers, infirmities of the
of each six drams, Cloves, Cinnamon, Gin- skin, it purges adust humours, and is good
ger, Myrobalans, Emblicks, Nutmegs, against madness, melancholy, forgetfulness,
Polypodium, of each two drams and an vertigo. It purges very violently, and is
lialf, Sugar six ounces, clarified Honey ten į not safe given alone. I would advise the
ounces, make it into an electuary, according unskilful not to meddle with it inwardly:
You may give half an ounce of it in clys-
Culpeper.] It purges choler and flegm, ters, in melancholy diseases, which coins
and wind from all parts of the body, helpsmonly have astringency a constant com-
pains of the joints and sides, the cholic, it španion with them.
cleanses the reins and bladder, yet I advise
Electuarium Lenitivum.
you not to take too much of it at a time, for
Or Lenitive Electuary.
it works pretty violently, let half an ounce College.] Take of Raisins of the Sun
be the most, for such whose bodies are stoned, Polypodium of the Oak, Sena, of
strong, always remembering that you had each two ounces, Mercury one handful and
better ten times take too little, than once'an balf, Jujubes, Sebestens, of each twenty
o art.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
335
Maidenhair, Violets, French Barley, of each in powder, and so make it into an electuary
one handful, Damask Prunes stoned, according to art.
Tamarinds of each six drams, Liquorice Culpeper.] It purges choler, and is good
half an ounce, boil them in ten pounds of in tertian agues, and diseases of the joints,
water till two parts of the three be con- it purges violently, therefore let it be warily
sumed; strain it, and dissolve in the decoc- given.
tion, pulp of Cassia, Tamarinds, and fresh
Hiera Picra simple.
Prunes, Sugar of Violets, of each six ounces, College.] Take of Cinnamon, Xylobal-
Sugar two pounds, at last add powder of samum, or wood of Aloes,, the roots of
Sena leaves, one ounce and an half, Annis Asarabacca, Spikenard, Mastich, Saffron,
seeds in powder, two drams to each pound of each six arains, Aloes not washed twelve
of electuary, and so bring it into the form ounces and an half, clarified Honey four
of an electuary according to, art.
pounds and three ounces, mix them into an
Culpeper.] It gently opens and molifies electuary according to art. Also you may
the bowels, brings forth choler, flegm, and keep the species by itself in your shops.
melancholy, and that without trouble, it is ' Culpeper.] It is an excellent remedy for
cooling, and therefore is profitable in pleu- { vicious juices which lie furring the tunicle
risies, and for wounded people : A man of of the stomach, and such idle fancies and
reasonable strength may take an ounce symptoms which the brain suffers thereby,
of it going to bed, which will work next { whereby some think they see, others that
morning
"hey hear strange things, especially when
Electuarium Passulatum.
they are in bed, and between sleeping and
College.] Take of fresh Polypodium aking ; besides this, it very gently purges
roots three ounces, fresh Marsh-mallow the belly, and helps such women as are not
roots, Sena, of each two ounces, Annisi sufficiently purged after their travail.
seeds two drams, steep them in a glazed
Hiera with Agarick.
vessel, in a sufficient quantity of spring without Aloes, Agarick trochiscated, of
College.] Take of species Hiera, simple
water, boil them according to art; strain it
and with pulp of Raisins of the Sun half a each half an ounce, Aloes not washed one
pound, white Sugar, Manna, of each four ounce, clarified Honey six ounces, mix it,
ounces, boil it to the thickness of a Cydo- and make it into an electuary according to
niate, and renew it four times a year.
Culpeper.] It gently purges both choler Culpeper.] Look but to the virtues of
and melancholy, cleanses the reins and Agarick and add them to the virtues of the
bladder, and therefore is good for the stone former receipt, so is the business done with-
and gravel in the kidneys.
out any further trouble.
Hiera Logadii.
Electuarium e succo Rosarum.
College.] Take of Coloquintida, Poly-
Or Electuary of the Juice of Roses. podium, of each two drams, Euphorbium,
College.] Take of Sugar, the juice of Poley mountain, the seeds of Spurge, of
red Roses clarified, of each a pound and each one dram and an half, and six grains,
four ounces, the three sorts of Sanders of Wormwood, Myrrh, of each one dram and
each six drams, Spodium three drams, twelve grains, Centaury, the less, Agarick,
Diacydonium twelve drams, Camphire aîGum Ammoniacum, Indian leaf or Mace,
scruple, let the juice he boiled with the Spikenard. Squills prepared, Diacrydium
sugar to its just thickness, then add the rest of each one dram, Alaes, Thyme, German-
(33, 34.)
art.
4 R

338
quos THE COMPLETE HERBAL
der, Cassia Lignea, Bdellum, Horehound, half an ounce, filings of steel prepared with
of each one scruple and fourteen grains, Vinegar twenty drams, let the Myrobalans
Cinnamon, Oppopanax, Castorium, lung beroasted with fresh butter, let the rest, being
Birthwort, the three sorts of Pepper, powdered, be sprinkled with oil of sweet
Sagapen, Saffron, Parsley of each twodrams, į Almonds, then add Musk, one dram, and
Hellebore black and white, of each six with their treble weight in Honey, make it
grains, clarified Honey a pound and a half, into an electuary according to art.
mix them, and make of them an electuary Culpeper.] It helps the immoderate
according to art. Let the species be kept flowing of the menses in women, and the
dry in your shops.
hæmorrhoids in men, it helps weakness of
Culpeper.] It takes away by the roots the stomach, and restores colour lost, it
daily evils coming of melancholy, falling- frees the body from crude humours, and
sickness, vertigo, convulsions, megrim, strengthens the bladder, helps melancholy,
leprosies, and many other infirmities; for and rectifies the distempers of the spleen.
my part I should be loth to take it inwardly? You may take a dram in the morning, or
unless upon desperate occasions, or in two if your body be any thing strong.
clysters. It may well take away diseases
Triphera solutive.
by the roots, if it takes away life and all. College.] Take of Diacrydium, ten
Hiera Diacolocynthidos.
drams, Turbith, an ounce and an half,
College.] Take of Colocynthis, Agarick, Cardamoms the less, Cloves, Cinnamon,
Germander, white Horehound, Stoechas, of | Honey, of each three drams, yellow San-
each ten drams, Opopanax, Sagapen, Parsley ders, Liquorice, sweet Fennel seeds, of each
seeds, round Birthwort roots, white Pepper half an ounce, Acorns, Schænanth, of each
of each five drams, Spikenard, Cinnamon, a dram, red Roses, Citron pills preserved,
Myrrh, Indian leaf or Mace, Saffron, of of each three drams, Violets two drams,
each four drams, bruise the Gums in a Penids four ounces, white Sugar half a
mortar, sift the rest, and with three pounds į pound, Honey clarified in juice of Apples
of clarified honey, three ounces and five one pound, make an electuary according to
drams, make it into an electuary according art.
Culpeper.] The Diacrydium and Tur-
Culpeper.] It helps the falling-sickness, bith, are a couple of untoward purges,
madness, and the pain in the head called rest are all cordials.
Kephalalgia, pains in the breast and stomach Athanasia Mithridatis. Galen.
whether they come by sickness or bruises, College.] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia,
pains in the loins or back-bone, hardness of Schoenanth, of each an ounce and an half,
womens breasts, putrefaction of meat in the Saffron, Myrrh, of each one ounce, Costus,
stomach, and sour belchings. It is but Spignel, (Meum,) Acorus, (Water-flag
used seldom and therefore hard to be gotten. perhaps they mean.
See the root in the
Triphera the greater.
Catalogue of Simples,) Agarick, Scordium,
College.] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs, Carrots, Parsley, of each half an ounce,
Bellericks, Inds and Emblicks, Nutmegs, white Pepper eleven grains, Honey so much
of each five drams, Water-cress seeds, as is sufficient to make it into an electuary
Asarabacca roots, Persian Origanum, or according to art.
use Dittany of Crete, black Pepper, Oli- Culpeper.] It prevails against poison,
banum, Ammi, Ginger, Tamarisk, Indian and the bitings of venomous beasts, and
Nard, Squinanth, Cypress roots of each helps such whose meat putrifies in their
to art.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
337
stomach, stays vomiting of blood, helps Calamitis two drams and an half, Sugar
old coughs, and cold diseases in the liver, dissolved in Hyssop water, and clarified
spleen, bladder, and matrix. The dose is Honey, of each twice the weight of all the
half a dram.
rest, make them into an electuary accord-
Electuarium scoriaferri. Rhasis. ing to art.
College.] Take of the flakes of Iron in-
Culpeper.] The electuary is chiefly ap-
fused in Vinegar seven days and dried, { propriated to the lungs, and helps cold in
three drams, Indian Spikenard, Schoenanth, firmities of them, as asthmaes, coughs, dif-
Cypress, Ginger, Pepper, Bishop's weed, } ficulty of breathing, &c. You may, take it
Frankincense, of each half an ounce, with a Liquorice stick, or on the point of
Myrobalans, Indian Bellericks, and Em- }a knife, a little of it at a time, and often.
blicks, Honey boiled with the decoction
Diasaiyrion. Nich.
of Emblicks, sixteen ounces, mix them College.] Take of the roots of Satyrion
together, and make of them an electuary. fresh and sound, garden Parsnips, Eringo,
Culpeper.] The medicine heats the spleen | Pine-nuts, Indian Nuts, or if Indian Nuts,
gently, purges melancholy, eases pains in be wanting, take the double quantity of
the stomach and spleen, and strengthens Pine-nuts, Fistic-nuts, of each one ounce
digestion. People that are strong may take and an half, Cloves, Ginger,, the seeds of
half an ounce in the morning fasting, and Annis, Rocket, Ash Keys, of each five
weak people three drams. It is a good { drams, Cinnamon, the tails and loins of
remedy for pains and hardness of the Scincus, the seeds of Bulbus Nettles, of each
spleen.
two drams and an half, Musk seven grains,
Confectio Humain. Mesu. of the best sugar dissolved in Malaga Wine,
College.] Take of Eyebright two ounces, { three pounds, make it into an electuary
Fennel seeds five drams, Cloves, Cinnamon, according to art.
Cubebs, long Pepper, Mace, of each one Culpeper.] It helps weakness of the
dram, beat them all into powder, and with {reins and bladder, and such as make water
clarified Honey one pound, in which boil with difficulty, it provokes lust exceedingly,
juice of Fennel one ounce, juice of Celan- and speedily helps such as are impotent in
dine and Rue, of each half an ounce, and the acts of Venus. You may take two
with the powders make it up into an elec- drams or more at a time.
tuary.
Matthiolus's great antidote against Poison
Culpeper.] It is chiefly appropriated to
and Pestilence.
the brain and heart, quickens the senses, College.] Take of Rhubarb, Rhapontic,
especially the sight, and resists the pesti- Valerian roots, the roots of Acorus, or
lence. You may take half a dram if your Calamus Aromaticus, Cypress, Cinquefoy),
body be hot, a dram if cold, in the morning Tormentil
, round Birth wort, male Peony,
fasting
Elecampane, Costus, Illirick, Orris, white
Diaireos Solomonis. Nich.
Chamelion, or Avens, of each three drams,
College.] Take of Orris roots one ounce, the Roots of Galanga, Masterwort, white
Pennyroyal, Hyssop, Liquorice, of each six Dictamni, Angelica, Yarrow, Fillipendula
drams, Tragacanth, white Starch, bitter or Dropwort, Zedoary, Ginger, of cach
Almonds, Pine-nuts, Cinnamon, Ginger, two drams, Rosemary, Gentian, Devil's-bit,
Pepper, of each three drams, fat Figs, the of each two drams and an half, the seeds
pulp of Raisins of the Sun, and Dates, of į of Citrons, and Agnus Castus, the berries
each three drams and an half, Styrax, of Kermes, the seeds of Ash-tree, Sorrel,

338
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
wild Parsnips, Navew, Nigella, Peony the choice Honey eight pounds six ounces,
male, Bazil, Hedge Mustard, (Irio) Treacle These being all chosen and prepared with
Mustard, Fennel, Bishop's-weed, of each diligence and art, let them be made into an
two drams, the berries of Bay, Juniper, electuary just as Treacle or Mithridate is.
and Ivy, Sarsaparilla, (or for want of it the Culpeper.] The title shews you the
scope
double weight of Cubebs,) Cubebs, of each of the author in compiling it, I believe it is
one dram and an half, the leaves of Scor- excellent for those uses. The dose of this
dium, Germander, Chamepitys, Centaury is from a scruple to four scruples, or a dram
the less, Stoechas, Celtic Spikenard, Cala- and an half: It provokes sweating abun-
minth, Rue, Mints, Betony, Vervain, dantly, and in this or any other sweating
Scabious, Carduus Benedictus, Bawm, of medicine, order your body thus: Take it in
each one dram and an half, Dittany of bed, and cover yourself warm, in your
Crete three drams, Majoram, St. John's sweating, drink posset-drink as hot as you
Wort, Schoenanth, Horehound, Goats Rue, can, if it be for a fever, boil Sorrel and red
Savin, Burnet, of each two drams, Figs, Sage in posset-drink, sweat an hour or two if
Walnuts, Fistic-nuts, of each three ounces, your strength will bear it, then the chamber
Emblicks, Myrobalans half an ounce, the being kept very warm, shift yourself all but
flowers of Violets, Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, your head, about which (your cap which
Lavender, Sage, Rosemary, of each four you sweat in being kept on) wrap a hot
scruples, Saffron three drams, Cassia Lignea, napkin, which will be a means to repel the
ten drams, Cloves, Nutinegs, Mace, of each } vapours back. This I hold the best method
two drams and an half, black Pepper, long for sweating in fevers and pestilences, in
Pepper, all the three sorts of Sanders, wood which this electuary is very good. I am
of Aloes, of each one dram and an half, very loth to leave out this medicine, which
Hart's-horn half an ounce, Unicorn's-horn, if it were stretched out, and cut in thongs,
or in its stead, Bezoar stone, one dram, i would reach round the world.
bone in a Stag's heart, Ivory, Stag's pizzle,
Requies. Nicholaus.
Castoreum, of each four scruples, Earth of College.] Take of red Rose leaves, the
Lemnos three drams, Opium one dram and whites being cut off, blue Violets, of each
an half, Orient Pearls, Emeralds, Jacinth, three drams, Opium of Thebes, dissolved
red Coral, of each one dram and an half, in Wine, the seeds of white Henbane,
Camphire two drams, Gum Arabic, Mastich, Poppies white and black, the roots of Man-
Frankincense, Styrax, Turpentine, Saga- drakes, the seeds of Endive, Purslain, garden
penum, Opopanax, Laserpitium, or Myrrh, Lettuce, Psyllium, Spodium, Gum Traga-
of each two drams and an half
, Musk, canth, of each two scruples and five grains,
Ambergris, of each one dram, oil of Vitriol | Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Ginger, of each a dram
half an ounce, species cordiales temperatæ, and an half, Sanders, yellow, white, and
Diamargariton, Diamoscu, Diambra, Elec- } red, of each a dram and an half, Sugar
tuarij de Geinmis, Troches of Camphire, three times their weight, dissolved in Rose-
of Squills, of each two drams and an half, water: mix them together, and make of
Troches of Vipers two ounces, the juice of them an electuary according to art.
Sorrel, Sow Thistles, Scordium, Vipers Bug- Culpeper.] I like not the receipt taken
loss, Borrage, Bawm, of each half a pound, inwardly.
Hypocistis two drams, of the best Treacle Electuarium Regine Coloniens.
and Mithridate, of each six ounces, old College.] Take of the seeds of Saxifrage
Wine three pounds, of the best Sugar, or and Gromwell, juice of Liquorice, of each

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
339
half an ounce, the seeds of Caraway,
Pilule Aggregative.
Annis, Smallage, Fennel, Parsley of Mace- College.] Take of Citron, Myrobalans,
donia, Broom, Carrots, Bruscus, Asparagus, Rhubarb, of each half an ounce, juice of
Lovage, Cummin, Juniper, Rue, Siler Agrimony and Wormwood made thick, of
Mountain, the seeds of Acorus, Pennyroyal, each two drams, Diagridium five drams,
Cinquefoyl, Bayberries, of each two drams, } Agarick, Colocynthis, Polypodium of each
Indian Spikenard, Schoenanth, Amber, twodrams, Turbith, Aloes, of each six drams,
Valerian, Hog's Fennel, Lapis Lincis, of Mastich, red Roses, Sal. Gem. Epithymum,
each a dram and an half, Galanga, Ginger, Annis, Ginger, of each a dram, with Syrup
Turbith, of each two drams, Sena an ounce, of Damask Roses, make it into a mass
Goat's blood prepared half an ounce, mix according to art.
them together: first beat them into powder, Culpeper.] It purges the head of choler,
then make them into an electuary accord- flegm and melancholy, and that stoutly:' it
Eng to art, with three times their weight in is good against quotidian agues, and faults
Sugar dissolved in white Wine.
in the stomach and liver, yet because it is
Culpeper.] It is an excellent remedy for well corrected if you take but half a dram
the stone and wind cholic, a dram of it at a time, and keep yourself warm, I sup-
taken every morning : I assure such as are pose you may take it without danger.
troubled with such diseases, I commend it
Pilule Alæphanginee
to them as a jewel.
College.] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves,
Cardamoms the less, Nutmegs, Mace, Cala-
mus Aromaticus, Carpobalsamum,or Juniper
berries, Squinanth, Wood of Aloes, yellow
PI L L S.
Sanders, red Roses dried, Wormwood, of
each half an ounce, let the tincture be taken
Culpeper.] Pills in Greek'are called,
Katopotia, in Latin, Pilulæ : which signifies out of these, being grossly bruised in spirit
little balls, because they are made up in such of Wine, the vessel being close stopped, in
a form, that thay may be the better swallow- three pounds of this tincture, being strained
ed down, by reason of the offensiveness of dissolve Aloes one pound, which being dis-
solved, add Mastich, Myrrh, of each half
an ounce, Saffron two drams, Balsam of
Pilule de Agarico.
Peru one dram, the superfluous liquor being
Or Pills of Agarick
y consumed, either over hot ashes, or a bath,
College.] Take of Agarick three drams, bring it into a mass of pills.
our own blue Orris roots, Mastich, Hore- Culpeper.] It cleanses both stomach and
hound, of each one dram, Turbith five brain of gross and putrified humours, and
drams, Species Hiera Picra half an ounce, sets the senses free when they are thereby
Colocynthis, Sarcocol, of each two drams, troubled, it cleanses the brain offended by
Myrrh one dram, Sapa as much as is suf- \ ill humours, wind, &c. helps vertigo and
ficient to make it into a mass according to head-aches, and strengthens the brain ex-
ceedingly, helps concoction, and strengthens
Culpeper.] It was invented to cleanse the stomach, one dram taken at night going
the breast and lungs of flegm, it works to bed, will work gently next day: if the
pretty strongly. Half a dram at a time, party be weak, you may give less, if strong
(keeping yourself warm,) cannot well do you more: If you take but half a dram, you
harm, unless your body be very weak. may go abroad the next day: but if you take
(33, 34.)
their taste.
art.
4 s

340
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
a dram, you may keep the house; there
Pilule Cochiæ, the greater.
can be no harm in that.
College.] Take of Species, Hiera Picra,
Pilulæ de Aloe Lota.
ten drams, Troch, Alhandal, three drams
Or Pills of washed Aloes.
and an half, Diacrydium two drams and
College.] Take of Aloes washed with an half, Turbith, Stoechas, of each five
juice of red Roses, one ounce, Agarick three drams, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup
drams, Mastich two drams, Diamoscu of Stochas, make it into a mass, according
Dulce half a dram, Syrup of Damask-roses, to art.
so much as is sufficient to make it into a
Culpeper.] It is held to purge the head,
mass according to art.
but it is but a dogged purge at best, and
Culpeper.] It purges both brain, stomach, must be given only to strong bodies, and
buwels, and eyes of putrified hunours, and but half a dram at a time, and yet with
also strengthens them. Use these as the great care.
succeeding.
Pilule Cochie, the less.
Aloe Rosata.
College. Take of Aloes, Scammony,
College.] Take of Aloes in powder four Colocynthis
, of each one ounce, with equal
ounces, juice of Damask Roses clarified one parts of Syrup of Wormwood, and of purg-
pound, mix them and digest them in the ing thoin, make it into a mass according to
sun, or in a bath, till the superfluous liquor art.
be drawn off, digest it, and evaporate it
Pilule de Cynoglosso.
four times over, and keep the mass.
Or Pills of Hound's-tongue.
Culpeper.] It is a gallant gentle purger of College.] Take of the Roots of Hound's-
choler, frees the stomach from superftuous tongue dried, white Henbane seed, Opium
humours, opens stoppings, and other infir- prepared, of each half an ounce, Myrrh
mities of the body proceeding from choler six drams, Olibanum five drams, Saffron,
and flegm, as yellow jaundice, &c. and Castoreum, Styrax, Calamitis, of each one
strengthens the body exceedingly. Take a dram and an half, with Syrup of Stochas,
scruple, or half a drain at night going to make it into a mass.
bed, you may walk abroad, for it wiſt hardly Culpeper.] It stays hot rheums that fall
work till next day in the afternoon, down upon the lungs, therefore is good in
Pilulæ Auree.
phthisics, also it mitigates pain, a scruple is
College.] Take of Aloes, Diacrydium, \ enough to take at a time going to bed, and
of each five drams, red Roses, Smallage too much if your body be weak: have a
seeds, of each two drams and an half, the care of opiates for fear they make you sleep
seeds of Annis and Fennel, of each one your last.
dram and an half, Mastich, Saffron, Troch,
Pilulæ ex Duobus.
Alhandal, of each one dram, with a sufficient
Or Pills of two things.
quantity of Honey Roses, make it into a College.] Take of Colocynthis, and
mass according to art.
Scamony, of each one ounce, oil of Cloves
Culpeper.] They are held to purge the as much as is sufficient to malax them well,
head, to quicken the senses, especially the, then with a little Syrup of purging Thorn,
sight, and to expel wind from the bowels, make it into a mass.
but works something harshly. Half a dram
Pibulæ de Eupatorio.
is the utmost dose, keep the fire, take them
Or Pills of Eupatorium.
in the morning, and sleep after them, they College.] Take of the juice of Maudlin,
will work before noon.
and Wormwood made thick, Citron, Myro-

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
341
noon.
balans, of each three drams, Rhubarb three dram and an half, with the Syrup of the
drams and an half, Mastich one dram, Aloes juice of Coleworts made with honey, make it
five drams, Saffron half a dram, Syrup of into a mass according to art.
the juice of Endive, as much as is sufficient Culpeper.] They are good against the
to make it into a mass.
gout, and other cold afflictions of the joints
Culpeper.] It is a gallant gentle purge, These are more moderate by half than
and strengthening, fitted for such bodies as į Pilule Fætidee, and appropriated to the
are much weakned by disease of choler. same diseases.
The author appropriates it to such as have Pilule de Hiera cum Agarico.
tertian agues, the yellow jaundice, ob- Or Pills of Hiera with Agarick.
structions or stoppings of the liver ; half a College.] Take of Species Hiera Picra,
dram taken at night going to bed, will work { Agarick, of each half an ounce, Aloes one
with an ordinary body, the next day by ounce, Honey Roses so much as is sufficient
{to make it into a mass according to art.
Puule Fetide.
Pilule Imperiales.
Or Stinking Pills.
Or. Imperial Pills.
College.] Take of Aloes, Colocynthis, College.] Take of Aloes two ounces,
Ammoniacum, Sagapen, Myrrh, Rue-seeds, Rhubarb one ounce and an half, Agarick,
Epithymum, of each five drams, Scamony Sena, of each one ounce, Cinnamon three
three drams, the roots of Turbith half an drams, Ginger two drams, Nutmegs, Cloves,
ounce, the roots of Spurge the less prepared, Spikenard, Mastich, of each one dram:
Hermodactils of each two drams, Ginger with Syrup of Violets, make it into a mass
one dram and an half, Spikenard, Cinnamon, according to art.
Saffron, Castoreum, of each one dram, Culpeper.] It cleanses the body of mixt
Euphorbium prepared two scruples, dissolve humours, and strengthens the stomach ex-
the Gums in juice of Leeks, and with ceedingly, as also the bowels, liver, and
Syrup made with the juice of Leeks and natural spirits : it is good for cold natures,
Sugar; make it into a mass.
and cheers the spirits. The dose is a scruple
Culpeper.] They purge gross and raw or half a dram, taken at night.
flegm, and diseases thereof arising; gouts Pilula de Lapide Lazuli.
of all sorts, pains in the back-bone, and Or Pills of Lapis Lazuli..
other joints: it is good against leprosies
, College.] Take of Lapis Lazuli in pow-
and other such like infirmities of the skin. der and well washed, five drams, Epithy-
I fancy not the receipt much.
mum, Polypodium, Agarick, of each an
Pilulce de Hermodactilis.
ounce, Scamony, black Hellebore roots
Or Pills of Hermodactils.
Sal. Gem. of each two drams-and an half,
College.] Take of Sagapen six drams, Cloves, Annis seeds, of each half an ounce,
Opopanax three drams, melt them in warm Species Hiera simple fifteen drams, with
juice of Coleworts, so much as is sufficient, Syrup of the juice of Fumitory, make it
then strain it through a convenient rag, into a mass according to art.
afterwards boil it to a mean thickness, then Culpeper.] It purges melancholy very
take-of Hermodactils, Aloes, Citron, Myro-violently..
balans, Turbith, Coloquintida, soft Bdellium,
Pilule Macris
of each six drams, Euphorbium prepared, College. Take of Aloes two ounces,
the seeds of Rue and Smallage, Castoreum, Mastich half an ounce, dried Marjoram two
Sarcocol, of each three-drams, Saffron one' drams, Salt of Wormwood one dranı, make

342
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
them all, being in powder, into a mass ac- the Gums being dissolved in clarified juice
cording to art with juice of Coleworts and of Coleworts, with Syrup of the juice of
Sugar, so much as is sufficient.
Coleworts, make them into a mass accord-
Culpeper.] It strengthens both stomaching to art.
and brain, especially the nerves and mus- Culpeper.] It helps tremblings, palsies,
cles, and eases them of such humours as gouts of all sorts, cleanses the joints, and is
afflict them, and hinder the motion of the helpful for such as are troubled with cold
body, they open obstructions of the liver afflictions of the nerves. It works violently.
and spleen, and takes away diseases thence,
Pilulæ Rudii.
coming
College.] Take of Coloquintida six drams,
Pilulæ Mastichina.
Agarick, Scamony, the roots of black Helle-
Or Mastich Pills.
bore, and Turbith, of each half an ounce,
College.] Take of Mastich two ounces, Aloes one ounce, Diarrhodon Abbatis half
Aloes four ounces, Agarick, Species Hiera jan ounce, let all of them (the Diarrh. Abbatis
simple, of each one ounce and an half, excepted) be grossly bruised, and infused
with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a eight days in the best spirits of Wine in a
,
mass according to art.
vessel close stopped, in the sun, so that the
Culpeper] They purge very gently, but liquor may swim at top the breadth of six
strengthen much, both head, brain, eyes, { fingers : afterwards infuse the Diarrhodon
belly, and reins.
Abbatis in the same manner four days in
Pilulæ Mechoacance.
Aqua vitæ, then having strained and
Or Pills of Mechoacan.
pressed them hard, mix them both together,
College.] Take of Mechoacan roots half casting the dross away, and draw off the
an ounce, Turbith three drams, the leaves moisture in a glass Alembick, and let the
of Spurge steeped in Vinegar and dried, {thick matter remain in a mass.
the seeds of Walwort, Agarick trochiscated, Culpeper.] It cleanses both head and
of each two drams, Spurge roots prepared, body of choler, flegm, and melancholy: it
Mastich, of each one dram and an half, } must not be taken in any great quantity,
Mace, Cinnamon, Sal. Gem. of each two half a dram is sufficient for the strongest
scruples, beat them into powder, and with body.
white Wine, bring them into a mass. When
Pilulæ Russi.
it is dry, beat it into powder, and with Syrup College.] Take of Aloes two ounces,
made with the juice of Orris roots and sugar, Myrrh one ounce, Saffron half an ounce,
make it the second time into a mass for with Syrup of the juice of Lemons, make
pills.
it into a mass according to art.
Culpeper.] They purge flegm very Culpeper.] A scruple taken at night
violently.
going to bed, is an excellent preservative in
Pilule de Opopaпace. .
pestilential times; also they cleanse the
Or Pills of Opopanax.
body of such humours as are gotten by sur-
College.] Take of Opopanax, Sagapen, feits, they strengthen the heart, and weak
Bdellium, Ammoniacum, Hermodactils, stomachs, and work so easily that you need
Coloquintida, of each five drams, Saffron, not fear following your business the next
Castoreum, Myrrh, Ginger, white Pepper, day.
Cassia Lignea, Citron, Myrobalans, of each
Pilule sine Quibus.
one dram, Scamony two drams, Turbith Or Pills without which
half an ounce, Aloes an ounce and an half, College.] Take of washed Aloes fourteen

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
343
drams, Scammony prepared six drams, of each two drams, Aloes five drains, Agaric
Agarick, Rhubarb, Sena, of each half an a dram and an half, long Birthwort half a
ounce, Wormwood, red Roses exungulated, dram, with Syrup of Wormwood make it
Violet flowers, Dodder, Mastich, of each into a mass.
one dram, salt of Wormwood, of each half} Culpeper.] It amends the evil state of a
a dram, with Syrup of the juice of Fennel woman's body, strengthens conception, and
inade with Honey, make it into a mass takes away what hinders it; it gently purges
according to art.
choler and flegm, and leaves a binding,
Culpeper.] It purges flegm, choler, and strengthening quality behind it.
melancholy from the head, makes the sight
Pilulæ ex Tribus.
and hearing good, and gives ease to a bur-
Or Pills of three things.
dened brain.
College.] Take of Mastich two ounces,
Pilule Stomachice.
Aloes four ounces, Agarick, Hiera simple,
Or Stomach Pills.
of each an ounce and an half, Rhubarb two
College.] Take of Aloes six drams, ounces, Cinnamon two drams, with Syrup of
Mastich, red Roses, of each two drams, Succory, make it into a mass according to
with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a art.
mass according to art.
Culpeper.] They gently purge choler,
Culpeper] They cleanseand strengthen the and help diseases thence arising, as itch,
stomach, they cleanse but gently, strengthen scabs, wheals, &c. They strengthen the
much, help digestion.
stomach and liver, and open obstructions, as
Pilule Stomachia cum Gummi. also help the yellow jaundice.
Or Stomach Pills with Gums.
Pilule Turpeti Auree.
College.] Take of Aloes an ounce, Sena College.] Take of Turbith two ounces,
five drams, Gum Amoniacum dissolved in} Aloes an ounce and an half, Citron Myro-
Elder-flower Vinegar half an ounce, Mastich, balans ten drams, red Roses, Mastich, of
Myrrh, of each a dram and an half, Saffron, each six drams, Saffron three drams, beat
salt of Wormwood, of each half a dram, them all into powder, and with Syrup of
with Syrup of purging Thorn, make it into Wormwood bring them into a mass.
a mass according to art.
Culpeper.] They purge choler and flegm,
Culpeper.] They work more strongly and that with as much gentleness as can be
than the former.
desired ; also they strengthen the stomach
Pilula e Styrace.
and liver, and help digestion.
Or Pills of Styrax.
Laudanum.
College.] Take of Styrax Calamitis, College.] Take of Thebane Opium ex-
Olibanum, Myrrh, juice of Liquorice, tracted in spirit of Wine, one ounce, Saffron
Opium, of each half an ounce, with Syrup alike extracted, a dram and an half, Cas-
of white Poppies, make it into a mass ac- {torium one dram: let them be taken in
cording to art.
tincture of half an ounce of species Diambræ
Culpeper.] They help such as are newly made in spirit of Wine, add to them
troubled with defluxion of rheum, coughs, Ambergris, Musk, of each six grains,
and provoke sleep to such as cannot sleep soil of Nutmegs ten drops, evaporate the
for coughing.
moisture away in a bath, and leave the
Pilule de Succino.
Or Pills of Amber
Culpeper.] It was invented (and a gal-
College.] Take of white Amber, Mastich, lant invention it is) to mitigate violent
(35 36.)
mass.
4T

344
THE COMPLETE HERBAL GAN
pains, stop the fumes that trouble the brain seldom used, and therefore are hardly to be
in fevers, (but heware of Opiates in the be- had.
ginning of fevers) to provoke sleep, take not
Pills of Rhubarb. Mesue.
above two grains of it at a time, going to College.] Take of choice Rhubarb three
bed ; if that provoke not sleep, the next{drams, Citron Myrobalans, Trochisci Diarr-
night you may make bold with three. Have hodon, of each three drams and an half,
a care how you be too busy with such juice of Liquorice, and juice of Worm-
medicines, lest you make a man sleep to {wood, Mastich, of each one dram, the seeds
doom's-day.
of Smallage and Fennel, of each half a
Nepenthes Opiatum.
dram, Species Hiera Picra simp. Galeni,
College.] Take of tincture of Opium ten drams, with juice of Fennel not clarified,
made first with distilled Vinegar, then with and Honey so much as is sufficient, make it
spirit of Wine, Saffron extracted in spirit of into a mass.
Wine, of each an ounce, salt of Pearl and
Culpeper.] It purges choler, opens ob-
Coral, of each half an ounce, tincture of structions of the liver, helps the yellow
species Diambræ seven drams, Ambergris jaundice, and dropsies in the beginning,
one dram: bring them into the form of Pills strengthens the stomach and lungs.
by the gentle heat of a bath.
Pilule Arabica. Nicholaus.
Culpeper.] The opération is like the College.] Take of the best Aloes four
former.
ounces, Briony roots, Myrobalans, Citrons,
Pilule Assaireth. Avicenna.
Chebs, Indian Bellerick, and Emblick,
College.] Take of Species Hiera Picra of each an ounce, Castorium three drams,
Mastich, Diagrydium, Asarabacca, Roses,
aleni one ounce, Mastich, Citron Myro- Saffron one dram, with Syrup of Worm-
balans, of each half an ounce, Aloes two wood, make it into a mass according to art.
ounces, the Syrup of Stochas as much as
is sufficient, make of them a mass accord- not sufficiently purged in their labour, helps
Culpeper.] It helps such women as are
ing to art.
Culpeper.] It purges choler and flegm, left behind, purges the head, helps head-
to bring away what a careless midwife hath
and strengthens the whole body exceed-ach, megrim, vertigo, and purges the
ingly, being very precious for such whose
stomach of vicious humours.
bodies are weakened by surfeits, or ill diet,
Pilule Arthritice. Nicholaus.
to take half a dram or a scruple at night College.] Take of Hermodactils, Turbith,
going to bed.
Agarick, of each half an ounce, Cassia
Pills of Bdellium. Mesue.
Lignea, Indian Spikenard, Cloves, Xylobal-
College.] Take of Bdellium ten drams, samum, or Wood of Aloes, Carpobalsamum
Myrobalans, Bellericks, Emblicks, and or Cubebs, Mace, Galanga, Ginger, Mas-
Blacks, of each five drams, flakes of Iron, tich, Assafoetida, the seeds of Annis
, Fennel
,
Leek seeds, of each three drams, Choncula Saxifrage, Sparagus, Bruscus, Roses, Grom-
Veneris burnt, Coral burnt, Amber, of each well
, Sal. Gem. of each two drams, Scam-
a dram and an half
, Pearls half an ounce, mony one ounce, of the best Aloes, the
dissolve the Bdellium in juice of Leeks and weight of them all, juice of Chamepitys
with so much Syrup of juice of Leeks as is made thick with sugar, so much ås is suf-
sufficient, make it into a mass according to {ficient or Syrup of the juice of the same,
so much as is sufficient to make it into a
Culpeper.] Both this and the former are mass.
art.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
345
Culpeper.] It helps the gout, and other age, Schænanthus, Mastich, Asarabacca
pains in the joints, comforts and strengthens roots, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cassia Lignea,
both brain and stomach, and consumes dis- Saffron, Mace, of each two drams, Myro-
eases whose original comes of flegm. balans, Citrons, Chebuls, Indian Bellerick,
Pilulæ Cochice with Helebore.
and Emblick, Rhubarb, of each half an
College.] Take of the powder of the ounce, Agarick, Sena, of each five drams,
Pills before prescribed, the powder of the Aloes Succotrina, the weight of them all :
bark of the roots of black Hellebore, one with Syrup of the juice of Fennel make
ounce : make it into a mass with Syrup of it into a mass according to art.
Stochas according to art.
Culpeper.] It purges mixt humours
Pills of Fumitory. Avicenna. from the head, and clears it of such excre-
College.] Take of Myrobalans, Citrons, {ments as hinder the sight.
Chebs, and Indian Diagrydium, of each
Pills of Spurge. Fernelius.
five drams, Aloes seven drams ; let all of College.] Take of the bark of the roots
them being bruised, be thrice moistened of Spurge the less, steeped twenty-four
with juice of Fumitory, and thrice suffered hours in Vinegar and juice of Purslain, two
to dry, then brought into a mass with Syrup drams, grains of Palma Christi torrified,
of Fumitory.
by number, forty, Citron Myrobalans one
Culpeper.] It purges melancholy. Be dram and an half, Germander, Chamepitys,
not too busy with it I besecch you.
Spikenard, Cinnamon, of each two scruples,
Pilulæ Inde. Mesue out of Haly.
College.] Take of Indian Myrobalans, of Gum Tragacanthi dissolved in Rose
being beaten into fine powder with an ounce
black Hellebore, Polypodium of the Oak, Water, and Syrup of Roses so much as is
of each five drams, Epithymuin, Stochas, į sufficient, let it be made into a mass.
of each six drams, Agarick, Lapis Lazuli
often washed troches Alhandal, Sal Indi, of
Pills of Euphorbium. Mesue.
each half an ounce, juice of Maudlin made
College.] Take of Euphorbium, Colo-
thick, Indian Spikenard, of each two drams, cynthis, Agarick, Bdellium, Sagapenum,
Cloves one dram, Species Hiera Picra of each two drams, Aloes five drams, with
simplex Galeni, twelve drams, with juice of Syrup made of the juice of Leeks, make it
Smallage, make it into a mass according to
into a mass.
Culpeper.] The Pills are exceeding good
Culpeper.] It wonderfully prevails against for dropsies, pains in the loins, and gouts
Take not above
afflictions coming of melancholy, cancers coming of a moist cause.
which are not ulcerated, leprosy, evils of half a dram at a time and keep the house
the mind coming of melancholy, as sad-
Pilulæ Scribonii.
ness, fear, &c. quartan agues, jaundice, College.] Take of Sagapen, and Myrrh,
pains and infirmities of the spoleen. of each two drams, Opium, Cardamoms,
Pilule Lucis Majores. Mesue. Castorium, of each one dram, white Pep-
College.] Take of Roses, Violets, Worm- per half a dram, Sapa so much as is suf-
wood, Colocynthis, Turbith, Cubebs, Cala- ficient to make it into a mass according to
mus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Indian Spike-art.
nard, Epithimum, Carpobalsamum, or Culpeper.] It is appropriated to such as
instead thereof, Cardamoms, Xylabalsamum, have phthisicks, and such as spit blood, but
or Wood of Aloes, the seeds of Seseli or ought to be newly made, a scruple is suf-
Hartwort, Rue, Annis, Fennel and Small-ficient taken going to bed.
art.

346
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
with their treble weight in sugar make them
TROCHES.
into powder, and with a sufficient quantity
of Mussilage of Gum Tragacanth, made
Trochisci de Absinthio.
into treacle water distilled, make it into
Or Troches of Wormwood.
paste, of which make troches.
College.] Take of red Roses, Wormwood Culpeper.] This preserves the body from
leaves, Annis seeds, of each two drams, ill airs, and epidemical diseases, as the pes-
juice of Maudlin made thick, the roots of{tilence, small pox, &c. and strengthens the
Asarabacca, Rhubarb, Spikenard, Smallage heart exceedingly, eating now and then a
seeds, bitter Almonds, Mastich, Mace, of little : you may safely keep any troches in
each one dram, juice of Succory so much your pocket, for the drier you keep them,
as is sufficient to make it into troches ac- the better they are.
cording to art.
Trochisci Alhandal.
Culpeper.] They strengthen the stomach College.] Take of Coloquintida freed
exceedingly, open obstructions, or stoppe from the seeds and cut small, and rubbed
ings of the belly and bowels : strengthen with an ounce of oil of Roses, then beaten
digestion, open the passages of the liver, into fine powder, ten ounces, Gum Arabic,
help the yellow jaundice, and consume { Tragacanth, Bdellium, of each six drams.
watery superfluities of the body. They are Steep the Gums three or four days in a suf-
somewhat bitter, and seldom taken alone; ficient quantity of Rose-water till they be
if your pallate affect bitter things, you may melted, then with the aforesaid pulp, and
take a dram of them in the morning: They part of the said mussilage, let them be,
cleanse the body of choler, but purge not, } dried in the shadow, then beaten again,
or not to any purpose.
and with the rest of the mussilage, make it
Agaricus Trochiscatus.
up again, dry them and keep them for use.
Or Agarick Trochiscated.
Culpeper.] They are too violent for a
College.] Take of Agarick sifted and vulgar use.
powdered, three ounces, steep it in a suf-
Trochisci Alipte Moschata.
ficient quantity of white Wine, in which College.] Take of Labdanum bruised
two drams of ginger have been infused, and three ounces, Styrax Calamitis one ounce
inake it into troches.
and an half, Benjamin one ounce, Wood of
Trochisci Albi. Rhasis.
Aloes two drams, Ambergris one dram,
Or white Troches.
Camphire half a dram, Musk half a scruple,
College.] Take of Ceruss washed in with a sufficient quantity of Rose-water,
Rosewater ten drams, Sarcocol three drams, make it into troches according to art.
white Starch two drams, Gum Arabic and Culpeper.] It is singularly good for such
Tragacanth, of each one dram, Camphire as are asthmatic, and can hardly fetch their
half a dram, either with Rosewater, or breath ; as also for young children, whose
women's milk, or make it into troches ac- { throat is so narrow that they can hardly
cording to art.
swallow down their milk.
Trochisci Alexiterii.
Trochisci Alkekengi.
College.] Take of Zedoary roots, pow- Or Troches of Winter-cherries.
der of Crab's Claws, of each one dram, College.] Take of Winter Cherries three
and an half, the outward Citron preserved drams, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, Oliba-
and dried, Angelica seeds, Pills, of each num, Dragon's-blood, Pine-nuts,
one dram, Bole-amoniac' half a dram, Almonds, white Styrax, juice of Liquorice,
bitter

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
347
Bole-ammoniac, white Poppy seeds, of each half, Camphire half a dram; with Manna
six drams, the seeds of Melons, Cucumbers, { dissolved in juice of Barberries, make them
Citruls, Gourds, of each three drams and an into troches according to art.
half, the seeds of Smallage and white Hen- Culpeper.] They wonderfully cool the
bane, Amber, Earth of Lemnos, Opium, heat of the liver, reins, and bladder, breast,
of each two drans, with juice of fresh and stomach, and stop looseness, cools the
Winter-Cherries, make them into troches heat of fevers.
according to art.
Trochisci de Camphora.
Culpeper.] They potently provoke urine, Or, Troches of Camphire.
and break the stone. Mix them with other College.] Take of Camphire half a dram,
medicine of that nature, half a dram at a': Saffron two drams, white Starch three
time, or a dram if age permit.
drams, red Roses, Gum Arabic, and Tra-
Trochisci Bechici aloi, vel, Rotule pectorales. gacanth, Ivory, of each half an ounce, the
Or, Pectoral Rolls.
seeds of Cucumbers husked, of Purslain,
College.] Take of white Sugar one pound, Liquorice, of each an ounce, with mussi-
white Sugar Candy, Penids, of each four lage of the seeds of Fleawort, drawn in
ounces, Orris Florentine one ounce, Liquo-Rose-water, make them into troches.
rice six drams, white Starch one ounce and Culpeper.] It is exceeding good in burn-
an half, with a sufficient quantity of mus- } ing fevers, heat of blood and choler, together
silage of Gum Tragacanth made in Rose with hot distempers of the stomach and
Water, make them into small troches. liver, and extreme thirst coming thereby,
You may add four grains of Ambergris, also it is good against the yellow jaundice,
and three grains of Musk to them, if occa- phthisics, and hectic fevers.
sięy serve.
Trochisci de Capparibus.
Trochisci Bechici nigri.
Or, Troches of Capers.
College.] Take of juice of Liquorice, College.] Take of the bark of Caper
white Sugar, of each one dram, Gum Tra- roots, the seeds of Agnus Castus, of each
gacanth, sweet Almonds blanched, of each six drams, Ammoniacum half an ounce, the
six drams, with a sufficient quantity of seeds of Water Cresses and Nigella, the
mussilage of Quince seeds, made thick with leaves of Calaminth and Rue, the roots of
Rose Water Make them into troches ac- Acorus and long Birthwort, the juice of
cording to art.
Maudlin made thick, bitter Almonds, of
Culpeper.] Both this and the former each two drams, Hart's-tongue, the roots of
will melt in ones mouth, and in that manner round Cypress, Madder, Gum Lac. of each
to be used by such as are troubled with one dram: being bruised let them be made
coughs, cold, hoarseness, or want of voice. into troches according to art, with Ammo-
The former is most in use, but in my opinion, niacum dissolved in Vinegar, and boiled to
the latter is most effectual.
the thickness of Honey.
Trochisci de Barberis.
Culpeper.] They open stoppings of the
Or, Troches of Barberries. liver and spleen, and help diseases thereof
College.] Take of juice of Barberries, coming; as rickets, hypochondriac melan-
and Liquorice made thick, Spodium, Pur-choly, &c. Men may take a dram, chil
slain seeds, of each three drams, red Roses, dren a scruple in the morning.
six drams, Indian Spikenard, Saffron, white
Trochisci de Carabe.
Starch, Gum Tragacanth, of each a dram, Or, Troches of Amber
Citrul seeds cleansed three drams and an College.] Take of Amber an ounce,
(35, 36.)
4 u

348
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Hart's-horn burnt, Gum Arabic burnt, in a mortar, add the powders, and with new.
red Coral burnt, Tragacanth, Acacia, Hypo- juice make it into troches.
cistis, Balaustines, Mastich, Gum Lacca Culpeper.] Obstructions, or stoppings,
washed, black Poppy seeds roasted, of each and swelling above nature, both of the liver
two drams and two scruples, Frankincense, {and spleen, are cured by the inward taking
Saffron, Opium, of each two drams, with a of these troches, and diseases thereof coming,
sufficient quantity of mussilage of the seeds as yellow and black jaundice, the beginning
of Fleawort drawn in Plantain Water, make of dropsies, &c.
them into troches according to art.
Troches of Gallia Moschata.
Culpeper.] They were invented to stop College.] Take of Wood of Aloes five
fluxes of blood in any part of the body, the drams, Ambergris three drams, Musk one
menses, the hæmorrhoids or piles; they also dram, with mussilage of Gum Tragacanth
help ulcers in the breast and lungs. The made in Rose Water, make it into troches
dose is from ten grains to a scruple. according to art.
Trochisci Cypheos, for Mithridate. Culpeper.] They strengthen the brain
College.] Take of pulp of Raisins of the and heart, and by consequence both vital
Sun, Cypress, Turpentine, of each three and animal spirits, and cause a sweet breath.
ounces, Myrrh, Squinanth, of each an ounce | They are of an extreme price, therefore I
and an half, Cinnamon half an ounce, pass by the dose.
Calamus Aromaticus nine drams, the roots
Trochisci Gordonii.
of round Cypress, and Indian Spikenard, College.] Take of the four greater cold
Cassia Lignea, Juniper berries, Bdellium, seeds husked, the seeds of white Poppies,
Aspalthus or Wood of Aloes, two drams Mallows, Cotton, Purslain, Quinces, Mirtles,
and an half, Saffron one dram, clarified Gum Tragacanth, and Arabic, Fistic-nuts,
Honey as much as is sufficient, Canary Pine-nuts, Sugar-candy, Penids, Liquorice,
Wine a little : let the Myrrh and Bdellium French-barley, mussilage of Fleawort seeds,
be ground in a mortar with the wine, to the sweet Almonds blanched, of each two
thickness of liquid Honey, then add the drams, Bole-ammoniac, Dragon's - blood
Turpentine, then the pulp of Raisins, then Spodium, red Roses, Myrrh, of each halt
the powders: at last with the 'Honey, let an ounce, with a sufficient quantity of
them all be made into troches.
Hydromel, make it into troches according
Culpeper.] It is excellently good against to art.
inward ulcers in what part of the body; Culpeper.] They are held to be very
soever they be. It is chiefly used in com- good in ulcers of the bladder, and all other
positions, as Treacle and Mithridate. inward ulcers whatsoever, and ease fevers
Trochisci de Eupatorio.
coming thereby, being of a fine cooling,
Or Troches of Maudlin.
slippery heating nature.
College.] Take of the juice of Maudlin Trochisci Hedichroi, (Galen) for Treacle.
made thick, Manna, of each an ounce, red College.] Take of Aspalthus, or yellow
Roses half an ounce, Spodium three drams Sanders, the leaves of Mastich, the roots of
and an half, Spikenard three drams, Rhu- Asarabacca, of each two drams, Rhupontic,
barb, Asarabacca roots, Annis seeds, of each Castus, Calamus Aromaticus, Wood of
two drams. Let the Nard, Annis seeds, Aloes, Cireamon, Squinanth, Opobalsamum
and Roses, be beaten together, the Spodium, or oil of Nutmegs by expression, of each
Asarabacca, and Rhubarb by themselves, three drams, Cassia Lignea, Indian Leaf or
then mix the Manna and juice of Maudlin Mace, Indian Spikenard, Myrch, Saffron,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
349
of each six drams, Amomus, or Cardamoms Sagapen, Opopanax, of each two drams,
the less, an ounce and an half, Mastich a dissolve the Gums in Wine wherein Mug-
dram, Canary Wine as much as is sufficient.wort hath been boiled, or else Juniper-ber-
Let the Myrrh be dissolved in the wine, ries, then add the rest, and with juice of
then add the Mastich and Saffron well Mugwort, make it into troches according
beaten, then the Opobalsamum, then the to art.
rest in powder, and with the wine, make Culpeper.] They provoke the menses,
them up into troches, and dry them gently. and that with great ease to such as have
Culpeper.] They are very seldom or them come down with pain. Take a dram
never used but in other compositions, yet į of them beaten into powder, in a spoonful
naturally they heat cold stomachs, help or two of Syrup of Mugwort, or any other
digestion, strengthen the heart and brain. composition tending to the same purpose
Trochisci Hysterici.
Sief de Plumbo.
College.] Take of Asafoetida, Galbanum,
Or Sief of Lead.
of each two drams and an half, Myrrh two College.] Take of Lead burnt and washed,
drams, Castoreuni a dram and an half, the Brass burnt, Antimony, Tutty washed
roots of Asarabacca and long Birthwort, Gum Arabic and Tragacanth of each an
the leaves of Savin, Featherfew, Nep, of ounce, Opium half a dram, with Rose-water,
each one dram, Dittany half a dram, with make them, being beaten and sifted, into
either the juice or decoction of Rue, make troches.
it into troches according to art.
Trochisci Polyide Androm.
Culpeper.] These are applied to the College.] Take of Pomegranate flowers
feminine gender, help fits of the mother, twelve drams, Roach Album three drams,
expel both birth and after-birth, cleanse Frankincense, Myrrh, of each half an ounce,
women after labour, and expel the relics of Chalcanthum two drams, Bull's gall six
a careless midwife.
drams, Aloes an ounce, with austere Wine,
Trochisci de Ligno Aloes. or juice of Nightshade or Plantain, make
Or Troches of Wood of Aloes. them into troches according to art.
College.] Take of Wood of Aloes, red. Culpeper.] They are very good they say,
Roses, of each two drams, Mastich, Cinna- } being outwardly applied, both in green
mon, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, Nutmegs, wounds and ulcers. I fancy them not.
Parsnip seed, Cardamoms the greater and
Trochisci de Rhubarbaro.
lessen, Cubebs, Gallia Moschata, Citron
Or Troches of Rhubarb.
Pills, Mace, of each one dram and an half, College.] Take of Rhubarb ten drams,
Ambergris, Musk, of each half a scruple, juiceof Maudlin madethick, bitter Almonds,
with Honey of Raisins make it into troches of each half an ounce, red Roses three
Culpeper.] It strengthens the heart, { drams, the roots of Asarabacca, Madder,
stomach, and liver, takes away heart-qualms, Indian Spikenard, the leaves of Worm-
faintings, and stinking breath, and resists wood, the seeds of Annis and Smailage, of
each one dram, with Wine in which Worm-
Trochisci e Mirrha.
wood hath been boiled, make them into
Or Troches of Myrrh.
troches according to art.
College.] Take of Myrrh three drams, Culpeper.] They gently cleanse the liver,
the Meal of Lupines five drams, Madder help the yellow jaundice, and other diseases
Toots, the leaves of Rue, wild Mints, Dittany i coming of choler and stoppage of the
of Crete, Cummin seeds, Asafoetida, 'liver.
the dropsy.

350
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Trochisci de Santalis. .
College.] Take of Earth of Lemnos,
Or Troches of Sanders.
Bole-amnioniac, Acacia, Hypocystis, Gum
College.] Take of the three Sanders, of Arabic toasted, Dragon's blood, white
cach one ounce, the seeds of Cucumbers, Starch, red Roses, Kose seeds, Lap. Hema-
Gourds, Citruls, Purslain, Spodium, of each titis, red Coral, Amber, Balaustines, Spo-
half an ounce, red Roses seven drams, juice dium, Purslain seeds a little toasted, Oliba-
of Barberries six drams, Bole-ammoniac halfnum, Hart's-horn burnt, Cypress Nuts,
an ounce, Camphire one dram, with Pur- Saffron of each two drams, black Poppy
slain Water make it into troches.
seeds, Tragacanth, Pearls, of each one dram
Culpeper.] The virtues are the same with and an half, Opium prepared one dram,
troches of Spodiuni, both of them harmless. with juice of Plantain, make it into troches.
Trochisci da Scilla ad Theriacam.
Sief de Thure.
Or Troches of Squils, for Treacle.
Or Sief of Frankincense.
College.] Take a Squil gathered about
College.] Take of Frankincense, Lap.
the beginning of July, of a middle bigness, Calaminaris, Pompholix, of each ten drams,
and the hard part to which the small roots (Cyrus forty drams, Gum Arabic, Opium, of
stick, wrap it up in paste, and bake it in an each six drams, with fair water make it into
oven, till the paste be dry, and the Squil balls: dry them and keep them for use.
tender, which you may know by piercing it
Trochisci e Violis solutivi.
with a wooden skewer, or abodkin, then take
Or Troches of Violets solutive.
it out and bruise it in a mortar, adding to
every pound of the Squil, eight ounces of
College.] Take of Violet flowers meanly
white Orobus, or red Cicers in powder, then dry, six drams, Turbith one ounce and an
make it into troches, of the weight of two half
, juice of Liquorice, Scammony, Manna,
drams a piece, (your hands being anointed of each two drams, with Syrup of Violets,
with Oil of Roses) dry them on the top of make it into troches.
the house, opening towards the South, in Culpeper.] They are not worth talking
the shadow, often turning them till they be of, much less worth cost, the cost and labour
well dry, then keep them in a pewter or glass
of making
vessel.
Trochisci de Vipera ad Theriacum.
Troches of Spodium.
Or Troches of Vipers, for Treacle.
College.] Take of red Roses twelve College.] Take of the flesh of Vipers,
drams, Spodium ten drams, Sorrel seed six the skin, entrails, head, fat, and tail being
drams, the seeds of Purslain and Coriander, taken away, boiled in water with Dill, and
steeped in Vinegar and dried, pulp of a little salt, eight ounces, white bread twice
Sumach, of each two drams and an half, baked, grated and sifted, two ounces, make
white Starch roasted, Balaustines, Barberries, it into troches, your hands being anointed
of each two drams, Gum Arabic roasted with Opobalsamum, or Oil of Mutmegs by
one dram and an half, with juice of unripe expression, dry them upon a sieve turned
Grapes, make it into troches.
the bottom upwards in an open place, often
Culpeper.] They are of a fine cooling turning them till they are well dried, then
binding nature, excellent in fevers coming put them in a glass or stone pot glazed,
of choler, especially if they be accompanied stopped close, they will keep a year, yet is
with a looseness, they also quench thirst. it far better to make Treacle, not long after
Trochisci de terra Lemnia.
you have made them.
Or Troches of Earth of Lemnos. Culpeper.] They expel poison, and are

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
351
excellently good, by a certain sympathetical You can scarce do amiss in taking them if
virtue, for such as are bitten by an adder, they please but your palate,
Trochisci de Agno Casto.
Trochisci Diarhodon, Mesue.
.
Or Troches of Agnus Castus.
College.] Take of the seeds of Agnus Roses six drams, Spikenard, Wood of Aloes,
College.] Take of the flowers of red
Castus, Lettuce, red Rose flowers, Balaus- of each two drams, Liquorice three drams,
tins, of each a dram, Ivory, white Amber, Spodium one dram, Saffron half a dram,
Bole-ammoniac washed in Knotgrass Water Mastich two drams, make them up into
two drams, Plantain seeds four scruples, troches with white Wine according to art.
Sassafras two scruples, with mussilage of Culpeper.] They wonderfully ease fevers
Quince seeds, extracted in water of Water- į coming of flegm, as quotidian fevers, agues,
lily flowers, let them be made into troches.
epiatos, &c. pains in the belly.
Culpeper. Very pretty' troches and
Trockisci de Lacca. Mesue.
good for little
Trochisci Alexiterii. Renodæus.
College.] Take of Gum Lacca cleansed,
the juice of Liquorice, Maudlin, Worm-
Tormentil
, Orris Florentine, Zedoary, of wood, and Barberries, all made thick,
each two drams, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, Rhubarb, long Birthwort, Costus, Asara-
of each halt a dram, Angelica roots three bacca, bitter Almonds, Madder, Annis,
drams, Coriander seeds prepared, Roses, of Smallage, Schænanth, of each one dram,
each one dram, dried Citron pills two drams, with the decoction of Birthwort, Schænanth,
beat them all into powder, and with juice of or the juice of Maudlin, or Wormwood,
Liquorice softened in Hippocras, six ounces,
make them into troches according to art.
make them into soft paste, which you may
C:ulpeper.] It helps stoppings of the liver
form into either troches or small rolls, which and spleen, and fevers thence coming, it
you please.
expels wind, purges by urine, and resists
Culpeper.] It preserves and strengthens dropsies.
Pastilli Adronis. Galen.
the heart exceedingly, helps faintings and
failings of the vital spirits, resists poison College.] Take of Pomegranate flowers
and the pestilence, and is an excellent ten drams, Copperas twelve drams, unripe
medicine for such to carry about them whose Galls, Birthwort, Frankincense, of each an
occasions are to travel in pestilential places ounce, Alum, Myrrh, of each half an ounce,
and corrupt air, only taking a very small Misy two drams, with eighteen ounces of
quantity now and then.
austere Wine, make it into troches accord-
Troches of Annis seed. Mesue. ing td art.
College.] Take of Annis seeds, the juice Culpeper.] This also is appropriated to
of Maudlin made thick, of each two drams, wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, it clears the
the seeds of Dill, Spikenard, Mastich, ears, and represses all excressences of flesh,
Indian leaf or Mace, the leaves of Worm- cleanses the filth of the bones.
wood, Asarabacca, Smallage, bitter Almonds,
Trochisci Muse. Galen.
of each half a dram, Aloes two drams, juice. College.] Take of Alum, Aloes, Copperas,
of Wormwood so much as is sufficient to Myrrh, of each six drams, Crocomagma,
make it into troches according to art.
Saffron, of each three drams, Pomegranate
Culpeper.] They open obstructions of flowers half an ounce, Wine and Honey, of
the liver, and that very gently, and therefore each so much as is sufficient to make it up
diseases coming thereof, help quartan agues. into troches according to art.
(35, 36.)
4 x

352
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Culpeper.] Their use is the same with the much as is sufficient to make it into troches
former.
according to art.
Crocomagma of Damocrates. Galen. Culpeper.] They help pains in the
College.] Take of Saffron an hundred stomach, and indigestion, the illiaç passion,
drams, red Roses, Myrrh, of each fifty drams, hectic fevers, and dropsies, in the beginning,
white Starch, Gum, of each thirty drams, and cause a good colour.
Wine, so much as is sufficient to make it
Trochisci Diacorallion. Galen.
into troches.
College.] Take of Bole-ammoniac, red.
Culpeper.] It is very expulsive, heats and Coral, of each an ounce, Balaustines, Terra
strengthens the heart and stornach.
Lemnia, white Starch, of each half anounce,
Trochisci Ramich. Mesue.
Hypocistis, the seeds of Henbane, Opium,
College.] Take of the juice of Sorrelas is sufficient to make them into troches
of each two drams, juice of Plantain so much
sixteen ounces, red Rose Leaves, an ounce, according to art.
Myrtle Berries two ounces, buil them a little
together, and strain them, add to the decoc- the bloody flux, stop the menses, and are
Culpeper.] These also stop blood, help
tion, Galls well beaten, three ounces, boil a great help to such whose stomachs loath
them again a little, then put in these follow- their victuals. I fancy them not.
ing things, in fine powder: take of red
Trochisci Diaspermaton. Galen.
Roses an ounce, yellow Sanders, ten drams,
College.] Take of the seeds of Smallage,
Gum Arabic an ounce and an half, Sumach, and Bishop's weed, of each an ounce, Annis
Spodium, of each an ounce, Myrtle berries and Fennel seeds, of each half an ounce,
four ounces, Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Mace, Opium, Cassia Lignea, of each two drams,
Nutmegs, of each half an ounce, sour Grapes with rain water, make it into troches accord-
sever, drams, mix them all together, and leting to art.
them dry upon a stivne, and grind them
Culpeper.] These also bind, ease pain,
again into powder, and make them into help the pleurisy.
small troches with one dram of Camphire,
Hemoptoici Pastilli. Galen.
and so much Rose Water as is suflicient,
and perfume them with fifteen grains of{tines, Earth of Samos, juice of Hypocystis
,
College.] Take of white Starch, Balaus-
Musk.
Gum, Saffron, Opium, of each two drams,
Culpeper.] They strengthen the stomach, with juice of Plantain, make them into
heart, and liver, as also the bowels, they troches according to art.
help the cholic, and fluxes of blood, as also
bleeding at the nose if you snuff up the the former.
Culpeper.] The operation of this is like
powder of them, disburden the body of
Troches of Agarick,
salt, fretting, choleric humours. You may
carry theni about you, and take them at ounces, Sal. Gem. sıx drams, Ginger twu
College.] Take of choice Agarick three
your pleasure.
drams, with Oxymel simplex, so much as
Troches of Roses. Mesue. is sufficient, make it into troches according
College.] Take of red Roses half an to art.
ounce, Wood of Aloes two drams, Mastich,
a dram and an half, Kornan Wormwood,
Cinnarnon, Indian Spikenard, Cassia Lignea, audio
Schoenanth, of each one dram, old Wine, da bi
and decoction of the five opening roots, so samopalement
so

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
353
College.] So is Oil of Been, Oil of Nut-
megs, and Oil of Mace drawn.
hade O I L S.
Oleum Caryinum.
College.] Is prepared of Walnut Kernels,
in like manner, save only that in the making
SIMPLE OILS BY EXPRESSION.
of this sometimes is required dried, old, and
rank Nuts.
Oil of Sweet Almonds.
Oleum Chrysomelinum,
College.] Take of Sweet Almonds not
College.] Is prepared in the same manner
corrupted, as many as you will, cast the of Apricots, so is also Oils of the Kernels of
shells away, and blanch them, beat theny in Cherry stones, Peaches, Pine-nuts, Fistic
a stone mortar, beat them in a double vessel, Nuts, Prunes, the seeds of Oranges, Hemp,
and press out the oil without heat. Bastard Saffron, Citrons, Cucumbers,
Culpeper.] It helps roughness and sore-Gourds, Citruls, Dwarf Elder, Henbane,
ness of the throat and stomach, helps Lettuce, Flax, Melons, Poppy, Parsley,
pleurisies, encreases seed, eases coughs and Radishes, Rape, Ricinum, Sesani, Mus-
hectic fevers, by injection it helps such tard seed, and Grape stones.
whose water scalds them; ulcers in the Culpeper] Because most of these Oils
bladder, reins, and inatrix. You may are out of use, I took not the pains to quote
either take half an ounce of it by itself, or the virtues of them ; if any wish to make
mix it with half an ounce of Syrup of Violets, } them, let them look to the simples, and there
and so take a spoonful at a time, still shak- they have them; if the simples be not to be
ing them together when you take them:{found in this book, there are other plentifu.
only take notice of this, if you take it in- medicines conducing to the cure of all usua.
wardly, let it be new drawn, for it will be diseases ; which are-
sour in three or four days.
Oil of Bays.
Oil of bitter Almonds.
College.] Take of Bay-berries, fresh and
College.] It is made like Oil of sweet fripe, so many as you please, bruise then,
Almonds, but that you need not blanch sufficiently, then boil them in a sufficien*
them, nor have such a care of heat in press- quantity of water till the Oil swim at top
ing out the oil.
which separate from the water, and keep
Culpeper.] It opens stoppings, helps such for your use.
as are deaf, being dropped into their ears, Culpeper.] It helps the cholic, and is a
it helps the hardness of the nerves, and takes į sovereign remedy for any diseases in any
away spots in the face. It is seldon, or part of the body coming either of wind or
never taken inwardly.
cold. Today
Oil of Hazel Nuts.
College.] Common Oil of Olives, is
College.] It is made of the Kernels, pressed out of ripe olives, not out of the
cleansed, bruised, and beat, and pressed like stones. Oil of Olives omphacine, is pressed
Oil of sweet Almonds.
out of unripe olives.
Culpeper.] You must put them in a
Oil of Yolks of Eggs.
vessel (viz. a glass, or some such thing) and College.] Boil the yolks till they be hard,
stop them close that the water come not to and bruise them with your hand or with a
them when you put them into the bath. pestle and mortar ; beat them in an earthen
good for cold afflictions of the vessel glazed until they begin to froth,
nerves, the gout in the joints, &c. Si stirring them diligently that they burn not,
The oil

354
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
sun,
being hot, put them in a linen bag, and away, cut, bruised, and the vessel covered
sprinkle them with Aromatic Wine, and { with a thin linen cloth, set in the
press out the oil according to art.
pressed out, and three times repeated.
Culpeper.] It is profitable in fistulas, Oil of Wall-flowers, as oil of Dill.
and malignant ulcers, it causes the hair to Oil of Quinces : Of six parts of oil
grow,
it clears the skin, and takes away de-}Omphacine, the meat and juice of Quinces
formities thereof, viz. tetters, ringworms, one part, set them in the sun fifteen days in
morphew, scabs.
a glass, and afterwards boil them four hours
in a double vessel, press them out, and re-
new them three times.
SIMPLE OILS BY INFUSION AND Oil of Elecampane : Of ripe oil, and the
DECOCTION.
roots of Elecampane bruised, and their
juice, of each one part, and of generous
Oil of Roses omphacine.
Wine half a part, which is to be evaporated
College.] Take of red Roses before they away.
be ripe, bruised in a stone mortar, four Oil of Euphorbium : Of six drams of
ounces, oil Omphacine one pound, set them Euphorbium, Oil of Wall-flowers, and sweet
in a hot sun, in a glass close stopped, a whole Wine, of each five ounces, boiling it in a
week, shaking them every day, then boil double vessel till the Wine be consumed.
them gently in a bath, press them out, and Oil of Ants: Of winged Ants infused in
put in others, use them in like manner, do four times their weight of sweet oil, set in
so a third time: then keep the Oil upon a the sun in a glass forty days, and then
pound of juice of Roses.
strain it out.
Oil of Roses complete,
Oil, or Balsam of St. John's Wort simple,
Is made in the same manner, with sweet is made of the oil of seeds beaten and
and ripe oil, often washed, and red Roses pressed, and the flowers being added, and
fully open, bruised, set in the sun, and rightly set in the sun.
boiled gently in a double vessel, only let } Oil of Jesmine, is made of the flowers of
the third infusion stand in the sun forty Jesmine, put in clear oil, and set in the sun
days, then keep the roses and oil together. and afterwards pressed out.
In the same manner is made Oil of Worm- Oil of Orris, made of the roots of Orris
wood, of the tops of common Wormwood | Florentine one pound, purple Orris flowers
thrice repeated, four ounces, and three half a pound : boil them in a double vessel
pounds of ripe oil; only, the sast time put in in a sufficient quantity of decoction of Orris
four ounces of the juice of Wormwood, Florentine, and six pounds of sweet oil, put-
which evaporate away by gentle boiling. ing fresh roots and flowers again and again;
Oil of Dill : Of the flowers and leaves of the former being cast away as in oil of
Dill four ounces, complete oil, one pound, Roses.
thrice repeated.
Oil of Earthworms, is made of half a
Oil of Castoreum : Of one ounce of Cas-pound of Earthworms washed in white Wine,
toreum oil one pound, Wine four ounces, ripe Oil two pounds, boiled in a double
which must be consumed with the heat of a vessel with eight ounces of good white Wine
bath.
till the Wine be consunied.
Oil of Chamomel (which more than one Oil of Marjoram is made with four
call Holy) of complete oil, and fresh Cha- ounces of the herb a little bruised, white
momel flowers, the little white leaves taken Wine six ounces, ripe oil a pound, mixed
31

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
355
together, let them be set in the sun repeated them be set in the sun, and after forty days
three times; at last boiled to the consump-strained.
tion of the Wine.
Oleum Cicyonium, is made of wild
Oil of Mastich, is made of oil of Roses Cucumber roots, and their juice, of each
omphacineone pound, Mastich threeounces, equal parts ; with twice as much ripe oil,
Wine four ounces: boil them in a double boil it to the consumption of the juice.
vessel to the consumption of the Wine. Oil of Nightshade, is made of the berries
Oil of Melilot is made with the tops of the of Nightshade ripe, and one part boiled in
herb like oil of Chamomel.
ripe oil, or oil of Roses three parts.
Oil of Mints is made of the herb and oil Oil of Styrax, is made of Styrax and
omphacine, as oil of Roses.
sweet white Wine, of each one part, ripe
Oil of Mirtles, is made of Mirtle berries oil four parts gently boiled till the Wine be
bruised and sprinkled with sharp Wine one consumed.
part, oil omphacine three parts; set it in the Oil of Violets, is made of oil omphacine,
sun twenty-four days, and in the interim and Violet flowers, as oil of Roses.
thrice renewed, boiled, and the berries Oil of Vervain, is made of the herb and
pressed out.
oil, as oil of Mints
Oil of Daffodils is made as oil of Roses. Culpeper.] That most of these Oils, if
Nard Oil is made of three ounces of not all of them, are used only externally, is
Spikenard, sweet oil one pound and an certain; and as certain that they retain the
half, sweet white Wine and clear water, of virtues of the simples whereof they are
each two ounces and an half, boiled to the made, therefore the ingenious might help
consumption of the moisture.
themselves.
Oil of Water-lilies, is made of fresh white
Water-lily flowers,, one part, oil omphacine
three parts, repeating the flowers as in oil COMPOUND OILS BY INFUSION
of Roses.
AND DECOCTION.
Oil of Tobacco is made of the juice of
Tobacco, and common oil, of each equal
Oleum Benedictum.
parts boiled in a bath.
Or Blessed Oil.
Oil of Poppies, is made of the flowers, College.] Take of the roots of Carduus
heads, and leaves of garden Poppies, and oil and Valerian, of each one ounce,
the flowers
omphacine, as oil of Dill.
of St. John's Wort two ounces, Wheat one
Oil of Poplars, is made of the buds of ſounce and an half, old Oil four ounces,
the Poplar tree three parts, rich white Wine Cypress Turpentine eight ounces, Frankin-
four parts, sweet oil seven parts ; first let the cense in powder two ounces, infuse the roots
buds be bruised, then infused in the Wine and flowers, being bruised, in so much white
and oil seven days, then boiled, then pressed Wine as is sufficient to cover them, after
two days' infusion put in the Oil with the
Oil of Rue, is made of the herb bruised, Wheat, bruised, boil them together till the
and ripe oil, like oil of Roses.
Wine be consumed; then press it out, and
Oil of Savin is made in the same manner. add the Frankincense and Turpentine, then
So also is Oil of Elder flowers made. boil them a little, and keep it.
Oil of Scorpions, is made of thirty live Culpeper.] It is appropriated to cleanse
Scorpions, caught when the sun is in the and consolidate wounds, especially in the
lion; oil of bitter Almonds two pounds, let head.
(35, 36.)
out.
4 y

356
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Oleum de Capparibus.
Wine, boil it in Balneo Mariæ till the Wine
Or, Oil of Capers.
be consumed.
College.] Take of the bark of Caper Culpeper.] It heats, opens obstructions,
roots an ounce, bark of Tamarisk, the leaves strengthens the nerves, and all nervous parts,
of the same, the seeds of Agnus Castus, jas muscles, tendons, ligaments, the ventricle;
Cetrach, or Spleenwort, Cypress roots, of besides these, it strengthens the liver, it
each two drams, Rue one dram, oil of ripe keeps the hairs from turning grey, and gives
Olives one pound, white Wine Vinegar, and a good colour to the body. I pray you
white Wine, of each two ounces, cut them į take notice that this and the following oils,
and steep them, and boil them (two days (till I give you warning to the contrary)
being elapsed) gently in a bath, then the are not made to eat.
Wine and Vinegar being consumed, strain
Oleum Crocinum,
it, and keep it.
Or, Oil of Saffron.
Culpeper.] The oil is opening, and heat- College.] Take of Saffron, Calamus Aro-
ing, absolutely appropriated to the spleen, įmaticus, of each one ounce, Myrrh, half an
hardness and pains thereof, and diseases ounce, Cardamoms nine drams, steep them
coming of stoppings there, as hypocondriac { six days, (the Cardamoms excepted, which
melancholy, the rickets, &c.
are not to be put in till the last day,) in nine
!! Oil of Castoreum compound. ounces of Vinegar, the day after put in a
College.] Take of Castcreum, Styrax pound and an half of washed oil, boil it
Calamitis, Galbanum, Euphorbium, Opo- gently according to art, till the Vinegar, be
panax, Cassia Lignea, Saffron, Carpobal- consumed, then strain it.
samum or Cubebs, Spikenard, Costus, of Culpeper.] It helps pains in the nerves,
each two drams, Cypress, Squinanth, Pep- and strengthens them, mollifies their hard-
perlong and black, Savin, Pellitory of Spain, îness, helps pains in the matrix, and causes
of each two drams and an half, ripe Oil four a good colour.
pounds, Spanish Wine two pounds, the five
Oil of Euphorbium.
first excepted, let the rest be prepared as College.] Take of Stavesacre, Sopewort,
they ought to be, and gently boiled in the of each half an ounce, Pellitory of Spain
Oil and Wine, until the Wine be consumed, six drams, dried Mountain Calamint one
mean time the Galbanum, Opopanax, and ounce and an half, Castus two drams, Cas-
Euphorbium beaten in fine powder, being toreum five drains, being bruised, let them
dissolved in part of the Wine, and strained, be three days steeped in three pounds and
let them be exquisitely mixed with it (while an half of Wine, boil them with a pound
the oil is warm) by often stirring; the boil- and an half of Oil of Wall-flowers, adding
ing being finished, put in the Styrax and half an ounce of Euphorbium, before the
Castoreum.
Wine be quite consumed, and so boil it
Culpeper:] The virtues are the same with according to art.
the simple."
Culpeper.] It hath the same virtue, only
DEO Castinum.
Oleum Castinum.ndt something more effectual than the simple.
College.] Take of the roots of bitter
Oleum Excestrense,
Castus two ounces, Cassia Lignea one ounce,
Or, Oil of Exeter.
the tops of Marjoram eight ounces, being College.] Take of the leaves of Worm-
bruised, steep them two days in twelve wood, Centaury the less, Eupatorium, Fen-
ounces of sweet white Wine; then with {nel, Hyssop, Bays, Marjoram, Bawm, Nep,
hree pounds of sallad oil washed in white Pennyroyal
, Savin, Sage, Thyme, of each

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
357
four ounces, Southernwood, Betony, Chame- Culpeper.] See the simple oil of St.
pitys, Lavender, of cach six ounces, Rose- } John's Wort, than which this is stronger.
mary one pound, the flowers of Chamomel, Oleum Hyperici magis compositum.
Broom, white Lilies, Elders, the seeds of Or, Oil of St. John's Wort more compound.
Cummin, and Fenugreek, the roots of Helle- College.). Take of white Wine three
bore black and white, the bark of Ash and į pounds, tops of St. John's Wort ripe and
Lemons, of each four ounces, Euphorbiurn, gently bruised, four handfuls, steep them
Mustard, Castoreum, Pellitory of Spain, of two days in a glass, close stopped, boil them
each an ounce, Oil sixteen pounds, Wine in a bath, and strain them strongly, repeat
three pounds, the herbs, flowers, seeds, and the infusion three times, having strained it
Euphorbium being bruised, the roots, barks, the third time, add to every pound of de-
and Castoreum cut, all of them infused coction, old Oil four pounds, Turpentine
twelve hours in the Wine and Oil, in a warm six ounces, oil of Wormwood three ounces,
bath, then boiled with a gentle fire, to the Dittany, Gentian, Carduus, Tormentil, Car-
consumption of the Wine and moisture, line, or Cordus Maria, Calamus Aromaticus,
strain the Oil and keep it.
all of them bruised, of each two drams,
Culpeper.] Many people by catching Earth-worms often washed in white Wine
oruises when they are young, come to feel two ounces, set it in the sun five or six weeks,
it when they are old: others by catching then keep it close stopped.
cold, catch a lameness in their limbs, to } Culpeper.] Besides the virtue of the sim-
both which I commend this sovereign oil to į ple oil of St. John's Wort, which this per-
bathe their grieved members with.
forms more effectually, it is an excellent
Oleum Hirundinum,
remedy for old bruises, aches, and sprains.
Or, Oil of Swallows.
Oleum Irinum, ,
College.] Take of whole Swallows six-
Or, Oil of Orris.
teen, Chamomel, Rue, Plantain the greater College.] Take of the roots of Orris
and lesser, Bay leaves, Pennyroyal, Dill, Florentine, three pounds four ounces, the
Hyssop, Roseniary, Sage, Saint John's Wort, ļflowers of purple Orris fifteen ounces,
Costmary, of each one handful, common Cypress roots six ounces, of Elecampane
Oil four pounds, Spanish Wine one pound, three ounces, of Alkanet two ounces, Cin-
make it up according to art.
namon, Spikenard, Benjamin, of each one
Culpeper.] Both this and the former are ounce : let all of them, being bruised as
appropriated to old bruises and pains thereof they ought to be, be steeped in the sun, or
coming, as also to sprains.
other hot place, in fifteen pounds of old oil,
Oleum Hyperici compositum. and four pounds and an half of clear water,
Or, Oil of St. John's Wort compound. after the fourth day, boil them in Balneo
College.] Take of the tops of St. John's Mariæ, the water being consumed, when it
Wort four ounces, steep them three whole is cold, strain it and keep it.
days in a pound of old Sallad Oil, in the heat Culpeper.] The effects are the same with
either of a bath, or of the sun, then press the simple, only 'tis stronger.
them out, repeat the infusion the second or
Ožeum Marjorane.
third time, then boil them till the wine be
Or, Oil of Marjoram.
almost consumed, press them out, and by College.] Take of Marjoram four hand-
adding three ounces of Turpentine, and one fuls, Mother of Thyme two handfuls, the
scruple of Saffron, boil it a little and keep leaves and berries of Myrtles one handful,
Southernwood, Water Mints, of each half
it.

358
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
an handful, being cut, bruised, and put in a Cardamoms, of each one ounce and an half,
glass, three pounds of Oil Omphacine being bruise them all grossly, and steep them in
put to it, let it stand eight days in the sun, water and wine, of each fourteen ounces,
or in a bath, close stopped, then strain it Oil of Sesamin, or oil of Olives, four pounds
out, in the oil put in fresh simples, do so the and an half, for one day: then perfect the
third time, the oil may be perfected accord- oil by boiling it gently in a double vessel.
ing to art.
Oleum Populeum. Nicholaus.
Culpeper.] It helps weariness and dis- College.] Take of fresh Poplar buds
eases of the brain and nerves, coming of} three pounds, Wine four pounds, common
cold; it helps the dead palsy, the back. (viz. Oil seven pounds two ounces, beat the Pop-
the region along the back bone) being lar buds very well, then steep them seven
anointed with it; being snuffed up in the days in the oil and wine, then boil them in
nose, it helps Spasmus cynicus, which is a a double vessel till the Wine be consumed,
wrying the mouth aside; it helps noise in (if you infuse fresh buds once or twice be-
the ears being dropped into them, it pro- } fore you boil it, the medicine will be the
vokes the menses, and helps the biting of stronger,) then press out the oil and keep it.
venomous beasts ; it is a most gallant oil to Culpeper.] It is a fine cool oil, but the
strengthen the body, the back being anointed ointment called by that name which follows
with it; strengthens the muscles, they being hereafter is far better.
chafed with it; helps head-ache, the fore-
head being rubbed with it.
Moschelæum,
OINTMENTS MORE SIMPLE.
Or, Oil of Musk.
College.] Take two Nutmegs, Musk one
Unguentum album,
dram, Indian leaf or Mace, Spikenard,
Or, white Ointment.
Costus, Mastich, of each six drams, Styrax College.] Take of Oil of Roses nipe
Calamitis, Cassia Lignea, Myrrh, Saffron, ounces, Ceruss washed in Rose-water and
Cinnamon, Cloves, Carpobalsamum, or{ diligently sifted, three ounces, white Wax
Cubebs, Bdellium, of each two drams, pure two ounces, after the wax is melted in the
Oil three pounds, Wine three ounces, bruise oil, put in the Ceruss, and make it into an
them as you ought to do, mix them and let ointment according to art, add two drams of
them boil easily, till the Wine be consuined, Camphire, made into powder with a few
the Musk being mixed according to art after { drops of oil of sweet Almonds, so will it be
it is strained.
camphorated.
Culpeper.] It is exceeding good against Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling, drying
all diseases of cold, especially those of the ointment, eases pains, and itching in wounds
stomach, it helps diseases of the sides, they { and ulcers, and is an hundred times better
being anointed with it, the stranguary, cho- with Camphire than without it.
lic, and vices of the nerves, and afflictions
Vnguentum Egyptiacum.
of the reins.
College.] Take of Verdigris finely pow-
Oleum Nardinum,
dered, five parts, Honey fourteen parts,
Or, Oil of Nard.
sharp Vinegar seven parts, boil thein to a
College.] Take of Spikenard three ounces, just thickness, and a reddish colour.
Marjoram two ounces, Wood of Aloes, Culpeper.] It cleanses filthy ulcers and
Calamus Aromaticus, Elecampane, Cypress, fistulas forcibly, and not without pain, it
Bay leaves, Indian leaf or Mace, Squipanth, takes away dead and proud flesh, and dries.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
359
Unguentum Anodynum.
qunce, Oil five ounces, powder the Oliba-
Or, an Ointment to ease pain. num and Myrrh, and the rest being melted,
College.] Take of Oil of white Lilies, make it into an ointment according to art.
six ounces, Oil of Dill, and Chamomel, of
Basilicon, the less.
each two ounces, Oil of sweet Almonds one College.] Take of yellow Wax, fat Rozin,
ounce, Duck's grease, and Hen's grease, of Greek Pitch, of each half a pound, Oil nine
each two ounces, white Wax three ounces, ounces : mix them together, by melting
mix them according to art.
them according to art.
Culpeper.] Its use is to assuage pains in Culpeper.] Both this and the former,
any part of the body, especially such as heat, moisten, and digest, procure matter in
come by inflammations, whether in wounds wounds, I mean brings the filth or corrupted
or tumours, and for that it is admirable. blood from green wounds: they clense and
Unguentum ex Apio.
ease pain.
Or, Ointment of Smallage.
Ointment of Bdellium.
College.] Take of the juice of Smallage College.] Take of Bdellium six drams,
one pound, Honey nine ounces, Wheat Euphorbiuin, Sagapen, of each four drams,
flower three ounces, boil them to a just Castoreum three drams, Wax fifteen drains,
thickriess.
Oil of Elder or Wall-flowers, ten drams,
Culpeper.] It is a very fine, and very the Bdellium, and Sagapen being dissolved
gentle cleanser of wounds and ulcers. in water of wild Rue, let the rest be united
Liniment of Gum Elemi.
by the heat of a bath.
College.] Take of Gum Elemi, Tumpen-
Unguentum de Calce.
tine of the Fir-tree, of each one ounce and
Or, Ointment of Chalk.
an half, old Sheep's Suetoleansed twoounces, College.] Take of Chalk washed, seven
old Hog's grease cleansed one ounce: mix { times at least, half a pound, Wax three
them, and make them into an ointment ources, Oil of Roses one pound, stir them all'
according to art.
together diligently in a leaden mortar, the
Culpeper.] It gently cleanses and fills up wax being first melted by a gentle fire in a
an ulcer with flesh, it being of a mild nature, sufficient quantity of the prescribed oil.
and friendly to the body.
Culpeper.] It is exceeding good in burn-
Unguentum Aureum.
ings and scaldings.
College.] Take of yellow Wax half a
Unguentum Diattha.
pound, common Oil two pounds, Turpen- Or, Ointment of Marsh-mallows.
tine two ounces, Pine Rozin, Colophonia, of College.]
College.] Take of common Oil four
each one ounce and an half, Frankincense, pounds, mussilage of Marsh-mallow roots,
Mastich, of each one ounce, Saffron one Linseed, and Fenugreek seed two pounds:
dram, first melt the wax in the oil, then the boil them together till the watry part
Turpentine being added, let them boil of the mussilage be consumed, then add
together; having done boiling, put in the Wax half a pound, Rozin three ounces,
rest in fine powder, (let the Saffron be the Turpentine an ounce, boil them to the con-
last) and by diligent stirring, make them {sistence of an ointment, but let the mussilage
into an ointment according to art.
be prepared of a pound of fresh roots
Basilicon, the greater.
bruised, and half a pound of each of the
College.] Take of white Wax, Pine seeds steeped, and boiled in eight pounds of
Rozin, Heifer's Suet, Greek Pitch, Tur- spring water, and then pressed out. See
pentine, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each one the compound.
(35, 36.)
4 z

360
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
art.
cho Unguentum Diapompholygos. Unguentum de minia sive rubrum Camphora.
College.] Take of Oil of Nightshade Or, Ointment of red Lead.
sixteen ounces, white Wax, washed, Ceruss,
of each four drams, Lead burnt and washed, pound and an half, red Lead three ounces,
College.] Take of Oil of Roses one
Pompholix prepared, of each two ounces, Litharge two ounces, Ceruss one ounce and
pure Frankincense one ounce: bring them
an half, Tutty three drams, Camphire two
into the form of an ointment according to drams, Wax one ounce and an half
, make it
Culpeper.] This much differing from the tle and mortar made of Lead.
into an ointment according to art, in a pes-
former, you shall have that inserted at latter
end, and then you may use which you a inan shall usually read of one, and withal
Culpeper.] This ointment is as drying as
please.
cooling, therefore good for sores, and such
Unguentum Enulatum.
Or, Ointment of Elecampane.
as are troubled with defluctions.
College.] Take of Elecampane roots
Unguentum e Nicotiona, seu Peto.
boiled in Vinegar, bruised and pulped, one
Or, Ointment of Tobacco.
pound, Turpentine washed in their decoc- College.] Take of Tobacco leaves bruised,
tion, new Wax, of each two ounces, old two pounds, steep them a whole night in
Hog's grease salted ten ounces, old oil four š red Wine, in the morning boil it in fresh
ounces, common salt one ounce, add the Hog's grease, diligently washed, one pound,
Turpentine to the grease, wax, and oil, being till the Wine be consunied, strain it, and
meited, as also the pulp and salt being add half a pound of juice of Tobacco,
finely powdered, and so make it into an Rozin four ounces, boil it to the consump-
ointment according to art.
tion of the juice, adding towards the end,
Unguentum Enulatum cum Mercurio. round Birthwort roots in powder, two
Or, Ointment of Elecampane with Quick- ounces, new Wax as much as is sufficient
silver,
to make it into an ointment according to
College.] Is made of the former oint-art.
ment, by adding two ounces of Quick-silver, Culpeper.] It would takea whole summer's
killed by continual stirring, not only with } day to write the particular virtues of this
spittle, or juice of Lemons, but with all the ointment, and my poor Genius is too weak
Turpentine kept for that intent, and part of to give it the hundredtk. part of its due
the grease, in a stone mortar.
praise: It cures tumours, imposthumes,
Culpeper.] My opinion of this ointment, wounds, ulcers, gun-shot, stinging with
is (briefly) this: It was invented for the nettles, bees, wasps, hornets, venomous
itch, without quick-silver it will do no good, | beasts, wounds made with poisoned arrows,
with quick-silver it may do harm.
&c.
Unguentum Laurinum commune.
Unguentum Nutritum, seu Trifarmacum
Or, Ointment of Bays common.
Crllege.] Take of Litharge of Gold
College.] Take of Bay leaves bruised finely powdered, half a pound, Vinegar
one pound, Bay berries bruised half a one pound, Oil of Roses two pounds, grind
pound, Cabbage leaves four ounces, Neat's the Litharge in a mortar, pouring to it
foot Oil five pounds, Bullock’s suet two sometimes Oil, sometimes Vinegar, till by
pounds, boil them together, and strain then, continual stirring, the Vinegar do no more
that so it may be made into an ointinenti appear, and it come to a whitish ointment
according to art.
Culpeper.] It is of a cooling, drying

TO
AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
361
nature, good for itching of wounds, and it not and keep it for use ; then warm it a
such like deformities of the skin.
little again and wash it with fresh Rose-
Unguentum Ophthalmicum.
water, adding to each pound twelve drops
Or, An Ointment for the Eyes. of oil of Lignum Rhodium.
College.] Take of Bole-ammoniac washed Culpeper.] Its general use is, to soften
in Rose water, one ounce, Lapis Calaminaris and supple the roughness of the skin, and
washed in Eye bright Water, Tutty pre- take away the chops of the lips, hands,
pared, of each two drams, Pearls in very face, or other parts.
fine powder half a dram, Camphire half a
Unguentum Potabile.
scruple, Opium five grains, fresh Butter College.] Take of Butter without salt,
washed in Plantain Water, as much as is a pound and an half, Sperniaceti, Madder
sufficient to inake it into an ointment ac- Tormentil roots, Castoreum, of each half an
cording to art.
ounce: boil them as you ought in a suf-
Culpeper.] It is exceeding good to stop ficient quantity of Wine, till the Wine be
hot rheums that fall down into the eyes, the consumed, and become an ointment.
eyelids being but anointed with it.
Culpeper.] I know not what to make
Unguentum ex Oxylapatho.
of it.
Or, Ointinent of sharp-pointed Dock.
Unguentum Resinum.
College.] Take of the roots of sharp- College.] Take of Pine Rozin, or Rozin
pointed Dock boiled in Vinegar until they of the Pine-tree, of the purest Turpentine,
be soft, and then pulped, Brimstone washed yellow Wax washed, pure Oil, of each
in juice of Lemons, of each one ounce and equal parts : melt them into an oirtment
an half, Hog's grease often washed in juice according to art.
of Scabious, half a pound, Unguentum ulpeper.] It is as pretty a Cerecloth for
Populeon washed in juice of Elecampane, a new sprain as most is, and cheap.
half an ounce : make them into an oint-
Unguentum Rosatum.
ment in a mortar.
Or, Ointment of Roses.
Culpeper.] It is a wholesome, though College.] Take of fresh Hog's grease
troublesome medicine for scabs and itch. cleansed a pound, fresh red Roses half a
Unguentum e Plumbo.
pound, juice of the same three ounces, make
Or, Ointinent of Lead.
it into an ointment according to art.
College.] Take of Lead burnt accord- Culpeper.] It is of a fine cooling nature,
ing to art, Litharge, of each two ounces, exceeding useful in all gallings of the skin,
Ceruss, Antimony, of each one ounce, Oil and frettings, accompanied with cholerie
of Roses as much as is sufficient: make it humours, angry pushes, tetters, ringworms,
into an ointment according to art. it mitigates diseases in the head coming of
Culpeper.] Take it one time with another, heat, as also the intemperate heat of the
it will go neer to do more harm than good, stoniach and liver.
Uuguentum Pomatum.
Desiccativum Rubrum.
College.] Take of fresh Hog's grease Or, a drying Red Ointment.
three pounds, fresh Sheep's suet nine ources, College.] Take of the oil of Roses om-
Pomewater pared and cut, one pound and { phacine a pound, white Wax five ounces,
nine ounces, Damask Rose-water six ounces, which being melted and put in a leaden
the roots of Orris Florentine grossly bruised mortar, put in the Earth of Lemnos or
six drams, boil them in Balneo Mariæ till Bole-ammoniac, Lapis Calaminaris, of each
the Apples bą soft, then strain it, but press four ounces, Litharge of Gold, Ceruss, of

362
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
away
each three ounces, Camphire one dram,
Tapsivalentra.
make it into an ointment according to art. College.] Take of the juice of Mullen,
Culpeper.] It binds and restrains fluxes Hog's grease, of each as much as you will,
of humours.
let the grease be cleansed and cut in pieces,
Unguentum e Solano.
and beat it with the juice, pressed and
Or, Ointment of Nightshade.
strained as you did the former ointment,
College.] Take of juice of Nightshade, then keep it in a convenient vessel nine oi
Litharge washed, of each five ounces,
ten days, then beat it twice, once with fresh
Ceruss washed eight ounces, white Wax juice, until it be green, and the second time
seven ounces, Frankincense in powder ten without juice beaten well, pouring off what
drams, oil of Roses often washed in water is discoloured, and keep it for use.
two pounds, make it into an ointment ac-
Tapsimel.
cording to art.
College.] Take of the juice of Celan-
Culpeper.] It was invented to take
dine and Mullen, of each one part, clarified
inflammations from wounds, and to keep Honey, two parts, boil them by degrees till
people from scratching of them when they the juice be consumed, adding (the physi-
are almost well.
cian prescribing) Vitriol, burnt Alum, burnt
Or, Ointment of Tutty.
Ink, and boil it again to an ointment ac-
cording to art.
College.] Take of Tutty prepared two
ounces, Lapis Calaminaris often burnt and
quenched in Plantain Water an ounce,
make them, being finely powdered, into an OINTMENTS MORE COMPOUND.
ointment, with a pound and an half of oint-
Unguentum Agrippa.
ment of Roses.
College.] Take of Briony roots two
Culpeper.] It is a cooling, drying oint-pounds, the roots of wild Cucumbers one
ment, appropriated to the eyes, to dry up pound, Squills half a pound, fresh English
hot and salt humours that flow down thither, Orris roots, three ounces, the roots of male
the eyelids being anointed with it.
Fern, dwarf Elder, water Caltrops, or Aaron,
Valentia Scabiose.
of each two ounces, bruise them all, being
College.] Take of the juice of green fresh, and steep them six or seven days in
Scabious, pressed out with a screw, and { four pounds of old oil, the whitest, not rank,
strained through a cloth, Hog's grease, of then boil then and press them out, and in
each as much as you will, heat the Hog's the oil melt fifteen ounces of white Wax,
grease in a stone mortar, not grind it, putt- } and make it into an ointment according to
ing in the juice by degrees for the more art.
commodious mixture and tincture, after- Culpeper.] It purges exceedingly, and
wards set it in the sun in a convenient ves- is good to anoint the bellies of such as have
sel, so as the juice may oveſtop the grease, dropsies, and if there be any humour o
nine days being passed, pour off the dis-flegm in any part of the body that you
coloured juice, and beat it again as before, know not how to remove (provided the part
putting in fresh juice, set it in the sun again be not too tender) you may anoint it with
five days, which being elapsed, beat it this; but yet be not too busy with it, for I
again, put in more juice, after fifteen days tell you plainly it is not very safe.
more, do so again, do so five times, after
Unguentum Amarum.
which, keep it in a glass, or glazed vessel.
Or, A bitter Ointment,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
363
College.] Take of Oil of Rue, Savin, zou Unguentum Citrinum. is done
Mints, Wormwood, bitter Almonds, of each Or, A Citron Ointment. To
one ounce and an half, juice of Peach College.] Take of Borax an ounce,
flowers and leaves, and Wormwood, of each Camphire a dram, white Coral half an
half an ounce, powder of Rue, Mints, į ounce, Alum Plume an ounce, Umbilicus
Centaury the less, Gentian, Tormentil, of Marinus, Tragacanth, white Starch, of
each one dram, the seeds of Coleworts, the ſeach three drams, Crystal, Dentalis Utalis,
pulp of Colocynthis, of each two drams, Olibanum, Niter, white Marble, of each
Aloes Hepatic, three drams, meal of Lupines įtwo drams, Gersa Serpentaria an ounce,
half an ounce, Myrrh washed in Grass} Ceruss six ounces, Hog's grease not salted,
water a dram and an half, Bull's Gall an a pound and an half, Goat's suet prepared,
ounce and an half, with a sufficient quan- } an ounce and an half, Hen’s fat two ounces
tity of juice of Lemons, and an ounce and and an half. Powder the things as you
an half of Wax, make it into an ointmentį ought to do both together, and by them-
according to art.
selves, melt the fats being cleansed in a
Unguentum Apostolorum.
stone vessel, and steep in the two Citrons
Or, Ointment of the Apostles.
of a mean bigness cut in bits, in a warm
College.] Take of Turpentine, yellow bath, after a whole week strain it, and put
Wax, Ammoniacum, of each fourteen
drams, long Birthwort roots, Olibanum, stir them, and bring them into the form of
let the Camphire and Borax be the last,
Bdellium, of each six drams, Myrrh, Gil-
banum, of each half an ounce, Opopanax,
an ointment.
Verdigris, of each two drams, Litharge
Uunguentum Martiatum.
nine drams,
Oil two pounds, Vinegar
enough College.] Take of fresh Bay leaves three
to dissolve the Gums, make it into an oint-pounds, Garden Rúe two pounds and an
half, Marjoram two pounds, Mints a
ment according to art.
Culpeper.] It consumes corrupt and pound, Sage, Wormwood, Costmary, Bazil,
dead flesh, and makes flesh soft which is of each half a pound, Sallad Oil twenty
hard, it cleanses wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, pounds, yellow Wax four pounds, Malaga
and restores flesh where it is wanting.
Wine two pounds, of all of them being
bruised, boiled, and pressed out as they
Unguentum Catapsoras.
ought, make an ointment according to art.
College.] Take of Ceruss washed in Pur- Culpeper.] It is a great strengthener of
slain water, then in Vinegar wherein wild the head, it being anointed with it; as also
Rhadish roots hảve been steeped and of all the parts of the body, especially the
pressed out, Lapis Calaminaris, Chalcitis, nerves, muscles, and arteries.
of each six drams, burnt Lead, Goat's
Unguentum Mastichinum.
co
blood, of each half an ounce, Quick-silver Or, An Ointment of Mastich.
subliinated an ounce, the juice of House- College.] Take of the Oil of Mastich,
leek, Nightshade, Plantain, of each two Wormwood, and Nard, of each an ounce,
ounces, Hog’s grease cleansed three pounds, Mastich, Mints, red Roses, red Coral, Cloves,
Oil of Violets, Poppies, Mandrakes, of} Cinnamon, Wood of Aloes, Squinanth, of
each an ounce: first let the sublimate and {each a dram, wax as much as is sufficient
exungia, then the oils, juices, and powders, to make it into an cintment according to
be mixed, and so made into an ointment art.
according to art.
add to Culpeper.] This is like the former, and
(37, 38.)
5 A

364
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
not a whit inferior to it; it strengthens the in Violet Water six ounces, oil of Sweet
stomach being anointed with it, restores Almonds four ounces, oil of Chamomel
appetite and digestion. Before it was called and Violets, white Wax, of each three
a stomach ointment.
ounces, Hen's and Duck's greese, of each
ich Unguentum Neapolitanum. ştwo ounces, Orris roots two drams, Saffron
College.] Take of Hog's grease washed half a dram: The two last being finely
in juice of Sage a pound, Quick-silver { powdered, the rest melted and often washed
strained through leather, four ounces, oil of in Barley or Hyssop water, make an oint-
Bays, Chamomel, and Earthworms, of eachment of them according to art.
two ounces, Spirit of Wine an ounce, yellow Culpeper.] It strengthens the breast and
Wax twọ ounces, Turpentine washed in stomach, eases the pains thereof, helps
juice of Elecampane three ounces, powder pleurises and consumptions of the lungs,
of Chamepitys and Sage, of each two the breast being anointed with it.
drams, make them into an ointment accord- 1 Unguentum Resumptivum.de
ing to art.
College.] Take of Hog's grease three
Culpeper.] A learned art to spoil people: ounces, the grease of Hen's, Geese, and
hundreds are bound to curse such oint- Ducks, of each two ounces, Oesipus half
ments, and those that appoint them. an ounce, oil of Violets, Chamomel, and
Unguentum Nervinumeron Dill, fresh Butter a pound, white Wax six
College.] Take of Cowslips with the ounces, mussilage of Gum Tragacanth,
flowers, Sage, Chamepitys, Rosemary, Arabic, Quince seeds, Lin-seeds, Marsh-
Lavender, Bay with the berries, Chamomel, {mallow roots, of each half an ounce. Let
Rue, Smallage, Melilot with the flowers, { the mussilages be made in Rose water, and
Wormwood, of each a handful, Mints, adding the rest, make it into an ointment
Betony, Pennyroyal, Parsley, Centaury the according to art.
less, St. John's Wort, of each a handful, Culpeper.] It mightily molifies without
oil of Sheep's or Bullock's feet, five pounds, any manifest heat, and is therefore a fit
oil of Spike half an ounce, Sheep's or ointment for such as have agues, asthmas,
Bullock's Suet, or the Marrow of either, two hectic fevers, or consumptions.
It is a
pounds: the herbs being bruised and} good ointment to ease pains coming by in-
boiled with the oil and suiet, make it into an į flammations of wounds or aposthumes,
ointment according to art.
especially such as dryness accompanies, an
Culpeper.] It is appropriated to the ; infirmity wounded people are many times
nerves, and helps their infirmities coming of troubled with. In inward aposthumes, as
cold, as also old bruises, make use of it in pleurises, one of them to anoint the ex-
dead palsies, chilliness or coldness of par- ternal region of the part, benefical.
ticular members, such as the arteries per-
Unguentum Splanchnicum.
form not their office to as they ought ; for College.] Take of oil of Capers an
wind anoint your belly with it; for want of ounce, oil of white Lillies, Chamomel
,
digestion, your stomach; for the cholic, your fresh Butter, juice of Briony and Sow-
belly; for whatever disease in any part of bread, of each half an ounce, boil it to the
the body comes of cold, esteem this as a consumption of the juice, add Ammoniacum
jewel.
dissolved in Vinegar, two drams and an
Unguentum Pectorale,
half, Hen’s grease, Oesypus, Marrow of a
Or, A Pectoral Ointment. Call's Leg, of each half an ounce, powder
College.] Take of fresh Butter washed of the bark of the roots of Tamaris and
is very

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
365
Capers, Fern roots, Cetrach, of each a dram, ļlars and Services, of each a sufficient quan-
the seeds of Agnus Castuus, and Broom, tity, then dry them by a gentle fire, and
of each a scruple, with a sufficient quantity with the oil and wax boil it into an oint-
of Wax, make it into an ointment accord-ment.
ing to art.
Culpeper.] It is a gallant drying and
Unguentum Splanchnicum Magistrale. binding ointment. Besides, the stomach
College.] Take of the bark of Caper anointed with it, stays vomiting, and the
roots six drams, Briony roots, Orris Floren-belly anointed with it stays looseness, if
tine, powder of sweet Fennel seeds, Ammo- f the fundament fall out, when you have put
niacum dissolved in Vinegar, of each half it up again anoint it with this ointment, and
an ounce, tops of Wormwood, Chainomel it will fall out no more. Do the like by the
flowers, of each a dram, ointment of the womb if that fall out.
juice and of flowers of Oranges, of each six Ointment of Marsh-mallows, compound
drams, oil of Orris and Capers, of each an
Nicholaus.
ounce and an half: the things which ought College.] Take of Marsh-mallow roots
being powdered and sifted, the rest dili- {two pounds, the seeds of Flax and Fænu-
gently mixed in a hot mortar, make it into greek, of each one pound, pulp of Squills
an ointment according to art.
half a pound, Oil four pounds, Wax one
Culpeper.] Both these ointments are pound, Turpentine, Gum of Ivy, Galbanum,
appropriated to the spleen, and cases the of each two ounces, Colophonia, Rozin, of
pains thereof, the sides being anointed with each half a pound: Let the roots be well
them. I fancy not the former.
washed and bruised, as also the Linseed,
Unguentum e Succis.
Fænugreek seed, and Squills, then steep
to Or, Ointment of Juices.
them three days in eight pints of water, the
College.] Take of the juice of Dwarf- } fourth day boil them a little upon the fire,
Elder eight ounces, of Smallage and Parsley, ſand draw out the mussilage, of which take
of each four ounces, Wormwood and Orris, ſtwo pounds, and boil it with the oil to the
of each five ounces, common Oil half a consumption of the juice, afterwards add
pound, oil of white Lilies ten ounces, of the Wax, Rozin, and Colophonia, when
Wormwood and Chamomel, of each six }they are melted, add the Turpentine, after-
ounces, the fat of Ducks and Hens, of each wards the Galbanum and Gum of Ivy, dis-
two ounces, boil them together with a gentle solved in Vinegar, boil them a little, and
fire till the juice be consumed, then strain having removed them from the fire, știr them
it, and with seven ounces of white Wax, till they are cold, that so they may be well
and a little white Wine Vinegar, make it incorporated.
into an ointment according to art.
Culpeper.] It heats and moistens, helps
See Unguentum ex Succis Aperitivis. pains of the breast coming of cold and
Unguentum Sumach,
pleurises, old aches, and stitches, and
College.] Take of Sumach, unripe Galls, softens hard swellings.
Myrtle berries, Balaustines, Pomegranate Unguentum Diapompholigos nihili.
Pills, Acorn Cups, Cypress Nuts, Acacia,
Nicholaus.
Mastich, of each ten drams, white Wax College.] Take of Oil of Roses sixteen
five ounces, oil of Roses often washed in ounces, juice of Nightshade six ounces, let
Alum water, a pound and ten ounces, make them boil to the consumption of the juice,
a fine powder of the things you can, and then add white Wax five ounces, Ceruss
steep them four whole days in juice of Med- washed two ounces, Lead burnt and washed,

366
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
common
Pompholix prepared, pure Frankincense, Culpeper.] The belly being anointed
of each an ounce, let them be brought into with it kills the worms.
the form of an ointment according to art.
Culpeper.] It cools and binds, drys, and
stays fluxes, either of blood or humours in
CERECLOATHS.
wounds, and fills hollow ulcers with flesh.
Unguentum Refrigerans. Galenus.
Ceratum de Galbano.
It is also called a Cerecloath.
Or, Cerecloath of Galbanum.
College.]
Take of white Wax four
ounces, Oil of Roses omphacine one pound, an ounce and an half, Assafoetida half an
College.] Take of Galbanum prepared,
melt it in a double vessel, then pour it out ounce, Bdellium a dram, Myrrh two drams,
into another, by degrees putting in cold Wax two ounces, Carrot seeds a scruple,
water, and often pouring it out of one vessel Featherfew, Mugwort, of each half a dram,
into another, stirring it till it be white, last dissolve the Gums in Vinegar, and make it
of all wash it in Rose water, adding a little a cerecloath according to art.
Rose Water, and Rose Vinegar.
Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling thing, to of a woman after labour, it cleanses her of
Culpeper.] Being applied to the belly
cure inflammations in wounds or tumours.
Unguentum e Succis Aperitivis primum.
any relicts accidently left behind, helps
the fits of the mother, and other accidents
Fasius.
incident to women in that case.
College.] Take of the juice of Smallage,
Endive, Mints, Wormwood,
Ceratum. Desypatum.
Parsley, Valerian, of each three ounces, oil
College.] Take of Oesypus ten ounces,
of Wormwood and Mints, of each half a
Oil of Chamomel, and Orris, of each half
pound, yellow Wax three ounces, mix them a pound, yellow Wax two pounds, Rozin a
together over the fire, and make of them an pound, Mastich, Ammoniacum, Turpentine,
ointment.
of each an ounce, Spikenard two drams
Culpeper.] It opens stoppages of the and an half, Saffron a dram and an half,
stomach and spleen, cases the rickets, the Styrax Calamitis half an ounce, make them
breast and sides being anointed with it.
into a cerecloath according to art.
An Ointment for the Worms. Fosiús.
Culpeper.] It molifies and digests hard
College.] Take of oil of Rue, Savin, swellings of the liver, spleen, womb, nerves,
Mints, Wormwood, and bitter Almonds, joints, and other parts of the body, and is a
of each an ounce and an half, juice of the great easer of pain.
flowers or leaves of Peaches, and Worm-
Ceratum Santalinum.
wood, of each half an ounce, powder of College.] Take of red Sanders, ten
Rue, Mints, Gentian, Centaury the less, drams, white and yellow Sanders, of each
Tormentil, of each one dram, the seeds of six drams, red Roses twelve drams, Bole-
Coleworts, the pulp of Colocynthis, of each ammoniac seven drams, Spodium four
two drams, Aloes Hepatic, three drams, the drams, Camphire two drams, white Wax
meal of Lupines half an ounce, Myrrh washed thirty drams, Oil of Roses ompha-
washed in grass water a dram and an half,}cine six ounces : make it into a cerecloath
Bull's Galls an ounce and an half, with according to art.
juice of Lemons, so much as is sufficient,
Culpeper.] It wonderfully helps hot in-
and an ounce and an half of Wax, make it firmities of the stomach, liver, and other
into an ointment according to art.
parts, being but applied to them.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
367
Emplastrum Barbarum Magnum.
PLAISTERS.
College.] Take of dry Pitch eight pounds,
yellow Wax six pounds and eight ounces,
Emplastrum ex Ammoniaco.
Per-Rozin five pounds and four ounces,
Or, A Plaister of Ammoniacum.
Bitumen, Judaicum, or Mummy, four
College.] Take of Ammoniacum, Bran { pounds, Oil one pound and an half, Ver-
well sifted, of each an ounce, Ointment of digris, Litharge, Ceruss, of each three
Marsh-mallows, Melilot plaister compound, ounces, Frankincense half a pound, Roach
roots of Briony, and Orris in powder, of} Alum not burnt, an ounce and an half,
each half an ounce, the fat of Ducks, burnt, four ounces, Opopanax, scales of
Geese, and Hens, of each three drams, Brass, Galbanum, of each twelve drams,
Bdellium, Galbanum, of each one dram and} Aloes, Opium, Myrrh, of each half an
an half, Per-Rozin, Wax, of each five ounce, Turpentine two pounds, juice of
ounces, oil of Orris, Turpentine, of each Mandrakes, or else dried bark of the root,
half an ounce, boil the fats and oil with six drams, Vinegar five pounds: Let the
mussilage of Lin-seed, and Fenugreek seed, | Litharge, Ceruss, and Oil, boil to the thick-
of each three ounces, to the consumption of ness of Honey, then incorporate with them
the mussilage, strain it, and add the Wax, the Pitch, being melted with Bitumen in
Rozin, and Turpentine, the ointment of powder; then add the rest, and boil them
Marsh-mallows with the plaister of Melilot; }according to art, till the vinegar be con-
when it begins to be cold, put in the sumed, and it stick not to your
hands.
Ammoniacum, dissolved in Vinegar, then Culpeper.] It helps the bitings of men
the Bdellium in powder, with the rest of the and beasts, eases inflammations of wounds,
powders, and make it into a plaister accord- and helps infirmilies of the joints, and gouts
ing to art.
in the beginning.
Culpeper.] It softens and assuages hard
Emplastrum de Betonica.
swellings, and scatters the humours offend-
Or, A Plaister of Betony.
ing, applied to the side it softens the hard-
College.] Take of Betony, Burnet, Agri-
ness of the spleen, assuages pains thence
arising
mony, Sage, Pennyroyal, Yarrow, Comfrey
the greater, Clary, of each six ounces,
Emplastrum e Baccus Luuri,
Frankincense, Mastich, of each three
Or, A Plaister of Bay-berries. drams, Orris, round Birthwort, of each six
College.] Take of Bay-berries husked, drams, white Wax, Turpentine, of each
Turpentine, of each iwo ounces, Frankin- eight ounces, Per-Rozin six ounces, Gum
cense, Mastich, Myrrh, of each an ounce, Elemi, Oil of Fir, of each two ounces, white
Cypress, Costus, of each half an ounce, Wine three pounds: bruise the herbs, boil
Honey warined and not scummed, four i them in the Wine, then strain them, and add
ounces: make it into a plaister according to the rest, and make them into a plaister ac-
cording to art.
Culpeper.] It is an excellent plaister to Culpeper.] It is a good plaister to unite
ease any pains coming of cold or wind, in the skull when it is cracked, to draw out
any part of the body, whether stomach, pieces of broken bones, and cover the
liver, belly, reins, or bladder. It is an bones with flesh: It draws filth from the
excellent remedy for the cholic and wind in bottom of deep ulcers, restores flesh lost,
the bowels.
cleanses, digests, and drys.
(37, 38.)
art.
5 B

368
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Emplastrum Cesarus.
ed, and made into an emplaister according
College.] Take of red Roses one ounce to art.
and an half, Bistort roots, Cypress Nuts, all
Catagmaticum the second.
the Sanders, Mints, Coriander seeds, of College.] Take of the roots of Comfrey
each three drams, Mastich half an ounce, the greater, Marsh-mallows, Misselto of the
Hypocistis, Acacia, Dragon's blood, Earth Oak, of each two ounces, Platain, Chame-
of Lemnos, Bole-ammoniac, red Coral, of} pitys, St. John's Wort, of each a handful,
each two drams, Turpentine washed in boil them in equal parts of black Wine,
Plantain water four ounces, Oil of Roses and Smith's Water till half be consumed,
three ounces, white Wax twelve ounces, strain it, and add mussilage of Quince seeds
Per-Rozin ten ounces, Pitch six ounces, made in Tripe water, Oil of Mastich and
the juice of Plantain, Houseleek, and Or- Roses, of each four ounces, boil it to the
pine, of each an ounce, the Wax, Rozin, consumption of the humidity, and having
and Pitch being melted together, add the strained it, add Litharge of Gold four
Turpentine and Oil, then the Hypocistis ounces, boil it to the consistence of an
and Acacia dissolved in the juices, at last emplaister, then add yellow Wax four
the powders, and make it into a plaister ounces, Turpentine three ounces, Colophonia
according to art.
six drams, Ship Pitch ten ounces, powders
Culpeper.] It is of a fine, cool, binding, of Balaustines, Roses, Myrtles, A cacia, of
strengthening nature, excellently good to į each half an ounce, Mummy, Androsamum,
repel hot rheums or vapours that ascend | Mastich, Amber, of each six drams, Bole-
up to the head, the hair being shaved off, ammoniac fine flowers, Frankincense, of
and it applied to the crown.
each twelve drams, Dragon's blood two
Emplastrum Catagmaticum the first. ounces : inake it into a plaister according
College.] Take of juice of Marsh-mallowļ to art.
roots six ounces, bark of Ashtree roots, and Culpeper.] Both this and the former are
their leaves, the roots of Comfrey the greater binding and drying, the former rules will
and smaller with their leaves, of each two instruct you in the use.
ounces, Myrtle Berries an ounce and an
Emplastrum Cephalicum
half, the leaves of Willow, the tops of St.
Or, A Cephalic Plaister.
John's Wort, of each an handful and an College.] Take of Rozin two ounces,
half, having bruised them, boil them together black Pitch one ounce, Labdanum, Turpen-
in red Wine, and Smith’s Water, of each tine, flower of Beans, and Orobus, Dove's
two pound, till half be consumed, strain it, dung, of each half an ounce, Myrrh, Mas-
and add Oil of Myrtles, and Roses ompha- tich, of each one dram and an half
, Gum
cine, of each one pound and an half, Goat's į of Juniper, Nutmegs, of each two drams,
suet eight ounces, boil it again to the con- dissolve the Myrrh and Labdanum in a hot
sumption of the decoction, strain it again, mortar, and adding the rest, make it into a
and add Litharge of Gold and Silver, red plaister according to art.
Lead, of each four ounces, yellow Wax one it stronger, add the powders, Euphorbium,
pound, Colophonia half a pound, boil it to Pellitory of Spain, and black Pepper, of
the consistance of a plaister, then add Tur- {each two scruples.
pentine two ounces, Myrrh, Frankincense, Culpeper.] It is proper to strengthen the
Mastich, of each half an ounce, Bole- brain, and repel such vapours as annoy it,
ammoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each one and those powders being added, it dries up
ounce, stir them about well till they be boil- & the superfluous moisture thereof, and eases
If you will have

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
369
the eyes of hot scalding vapours that annoyit
, helps digestion, stays vomiting and putre-
them.
faction of the meat there.
Emplastrum de Cerussa.
Emplastrum e Cymino.
Or, A Plaister of Ceruss.
Or, A Plaister of Cummin.
College.] Take of Ceruss in fine powder,
College.] Take of Cummin-seed, Bay-
white Wax, Sallad Oil, of each three ounces, berries, yellow Wax, of each one pound,
add the Oil by degrees to the Ceruss, and Per-Rozin two pounds, common Rozin
boil it by continual stirring over a gentle three pounds, Oil of Dill, half a pound:
fire, till it begin to swell, then add the Waxmix them, and make them into a plaister.
cut small by degrees, and boil it to its just | Culpeper.] It assuages swellings, takes
consistence.
away old aches coming of bruises, and ap-
Culpeper.] It helps burns, dry scabs, and plied to the belly, is an excellent remedy
hot ulcers, and in general whatever sores
for the wind cholic. This I have often
abound with moisture.
proved, and always with good success.
Emplastrum ex Cicuta cum Ammoniaco.
Emplastrum Diacalciteos.
College.] Take of Hog's grease fresh and
Or, A Plaister of Hemlock with
purged from the skins two pounds, oil of
Ammoniacum.
Olives omphacine, Litharge of Gold beaten
College.] Take of the juice of Hemlock and sifted, of each three pounds, white
four ounces, Vinegar, of Squills, and Vitriol burnt and purged four ounces : let
Ammoniacum, of eacheight ounces, dissolve the Litharge, grease, and oil boil together
the Gum in the juice and Vinegar, after a with a gentle fire, with a little Plantain
due infusion, then strain it into its just con- water, always stirring it, to the consistence
sistence according to art.
of a plaister, into which (being removed
Culpeper.]
suppose it was invented to
from the fire) put in the Vitriol and make it
mitigate the extreme pains, and allay the into a plaister according to art.
inflammations of wounds, for which it is
Culpeper.] It is a very drying, binding
very good : let it not be applied to any plaister, profitable in green wounds to hinder
principal part.
putrefaction, as also in pestilential sores
Emplastrum e crusta Panis. after they are broken, and ruptures, and
Or, A Plaister of a crust of Bread. also in burnings and scaldings.
College.7 Take of Mastichi, Mints, Spo-
Diachylon simple.
dium, red Coral, all the Sanders, of each College.] Take of mussilage of Linseed,
one dram, Oil of Mastich and Quinces, of Fenugreek seed, Marsh-mallow roots, of
each one dram and an half, a crust of Bread cach one pound, old Oil three pounds: boil
toasted, and three times steeped in red Rose it to the consumption of the mussilage,
Vinegar, and as often dried, Labdanum, of strain it, and add Litharge of Gold in fine
each two ounces, Rozin four ounces, Styrax { powder, one pound and an half: boil them
Calamitis half an ounce, Barley meal five with a little water over a gentle fire always
drams : make them into a plaister accord- stirring them to a just thickness.
Culpeper.] It is an exceeding good
Culpeper.] I shall commend this for a remedy for all swellings without pain, it
good plaister to strengthen the brain as any softens hardness of the liver and spleen, it
is in the Dispensatory, the hair being is very gentle.
shaved off, and it applied to the crown; also
Diachylon Ireatum.
being applied to the stomach, it strengthens College.] Add one ounce of Orris in
I
ing to art.

370
ca THE COMPLETE HERBAL
art.
powder to every pound of Diachylon sim- }breaks them, and cleanses them when they
ple.
are broken. It is of a most excellent ripen-
Diachylon Magnum.
ing nature.
College. Take of mussilage of Raisins,
Emplaistrum Diaphenicon hot.
fat Figs, Mastich, Mallow-roots, Linseeds,
and Fenugreek-seeds, Bird-lime, the juice
Take of yellow Wax two
of Orris and Squills, of each twelve drams ounces, Per-Rozin, Pitch, of each four
and an half, Esypus or oil of Sheep's feet ounces, Oil of Roses and Nard, of each one
an ounce and an hall, Oil of Orris, Chamo- ounce, melt them together, and add pulp of
mel, Dill
, of each eight ounces, litharge of Dates made in Wine four ounces, flesh of
Gold in fine powder one pound, Turpentine the powders following: take of Bread
Quinces boiled in red Wine an ounce, then
three ounces, Per-Rozin, yellow Wax, of twice baked, steeped in Wine and dried,
each two ounces, boil the oil with the mus-
silages and juices to the consumption of the
two ounces, Mastich an ounce, Frankin-
humidity, strain the oil from the faces, and cense Wormwood, red Roses, Spikenard,
by adding the Litharge boil it to its con- Aloes, Mace, Myrrh, washed Aloes, Acacia,
of each two drams and an half, Wood of
sistence; then add the Rozin and Wax; Troches of Gallia Moschata, and Earth of
lastly, it being removed from the fire, add
the Turpentine, Esypus and Birdlime, Lemnos, Calamus Aromaticus, of each one
make of them a plaister by melting them and make them into a plaister according to
according to art.
Culpeper.] It dissolves hardness and in-
flammations.
Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach
Diachylon magnum cum Gummi.
and liver exceedingly, helps Auxes, apply
College.] Take of Bdellium, Sagapenum, it to the places grieved.
ora
Amoniacuin, of each two ounces, dissolved
Diaphoenicon cold.
in Wine, and added to the mass of Diachy- College.] Take of Wax four ounces, Ship
lon magnum : first boil the gums being dis- } Pitch five ounces, Labdanum three ounces
solved, to the thickness of Honey.
and an half, Turpentine ân ounce and an
Culpeper] This is the best to dissolve half, Oil of Roses one ounce, melt these,
hard swellings of all the three.
and add pulp of Dates almost ripe, boiled
Diachylon compositum, sive Emplaistrum e in austere Wine four ounces, flesh of
Mussilaginibus.
Quinces in like manner boiled, Bread twice
Or, A Plaister of Mussilages. baked often steeped in red Wine and dried,
College.] Take of mussilages of the of each an ounce, Styrax Calamitis, Acacia,
middle bark of Elm, Marsh-mallow roots, unripe Grapes, Balaustines, yellow Sanders,
Linseed, and Fenugreek seed, of each four troches of Terra Lemnia, Myrrh, Wood of
ounces and an half, oil of Chamomel, Lilies, Aloes, of each half an ounce, Mastich, red
and Dill, of each an ounce and an half, Roses, of each an ounce and an half, austere
Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Sagapen, Opo- Wine as much as is sufficient to dissolve the
panax, of each half an ounce, new Wax juices, make it into a plaister according to
twenty ounces, Turpentine two ounces, art.
Saffron two drams, dissolve the Gums in Culpeper.] It strengthens the belly and
Wine, and make it into a plaister according liver, helps concoction in those parts, and
distribution of humuurs, stays vomiting and
Culpeper.] It ripens swellings, and fluxes.
to art.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
371
ounces
stoffe Emplastrum Divinum.
Culpeper.] I found this receipt in an
DE Or, A Divine Plaster.
old manuscript written in the year 1513.
College.] Take of Loadstone four ounces, the quantity of the ingredients very little
Ammoniacum three
and three } altered.
drams, Bdellium two ounces, Galbanum,
A Pluster of Gum Elemi.
Myrrh, of each ten drams, Olibanum nine College.Take of Gum Elemi three
drams, Opopanax, Mastich, long Birthwort, ounces, Per Rozin, Wax, Ammoniacum,
Verdigris, of each an ounce, Litharge, of each two ounces, Turpentine three
common Oil, of each a pound and an half, ounces and an half, Mallaga Wine so much
new Wax eight ounces : let the Litharge in as is sufficient: boil it to the consumption
fine powder be boiled with the oil to a of the Wine, then add the Ammoniacum
thickness, then add the Wax, which being dissolved in Vinegar.
melted, take it from the fire, add the Gums Culpeper.] The operation is the same
dissolved in Wine and Vinegar, strain it, with Arceus Liniment.
then add the Myrrh, Mastich, Frankin- A Plaister of Lapis Calaminaris.de
cense, Birthwort, and Loadstone in powder, College.] Take of Lapis Calaminaris
last of all the Verdigris in powder, and į prepared an ounce, Litharge two ounces,
make it into a plaster according to art. Ceruss half an ounce, Tutty a dràm, Tur-
Culpeper.] It is of a cleansing nature, pentine six drams, white Wax an ounce
exceeding good against malignant ulcers, and an half, Stag's Suet two ounces, Frank-
it consumes corruption, engenders new } incense five drams, Mastich three drams,
flesh, and brings them to a scar. toe Myrrh two drams, Camphire a dram and
Emplastrum Epispasticum.
an half, make it up according to art. terte
College.] Take of Mustard seed, Euphor-
Emplastrum ad Herniam.
bium, long Pepper, of each one dram and College.] Take of Galls, Cypress Nuts,
an half, Stavesacre, Pellitory of Spain of Pomegranate Pills, Balaustines, Acacia,
each two drams, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, the seeds of Plantain, Fleawort, Water-
P. Vium, Sagapen, of each three drams, cresses, Acorn Cups, Beans torrified, Birth-
wriðle Cantharides five drams, Ship Pitch, wort long and round, Myrtles of each half
Rozin, yellow Wax, of each six drams, an ounce. Let these be powdered, and
Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make steeped in Rose Vinegar four days, then
torrified and dried, then take of Comfrey
Culpeper.] Many people use to draw the greater and lesser, Horsetail, Woad,
blisters in their necks for the tooth ache, or Cetrach, the roots of Osmond Royal, Fearn,
for rheunis in their eyes ; if they please to of each an ounce, Frankincense, Myrrh,
lay a plaster of this there, it will do it. Aloes, Mastich, Mummy, of each two
Emplastrum a nostratibus, Flos Unguentorum ounces, Bole-ammoniac washed in Vinegar,
Dictum. Lap; Calaminaris prepared, Litharge of
Or, Flower of Ointments.
Gold, Dragon's blood, of each three ounces,
College.] Take of Rozin, Per Rozin, Ship Pitch two pounds, Turpentine six
yellow Wax, Sheep's Suet, of each half a ounces, or as much as is sufficient to make
pound, Olibanum four ounces, Turpentine it into a plaster according to art.
two ounces and an half, Myrrh, Mastich, Culpeper.] The plaster is very binding
of each an ounce, Camphire two drams, and knitting, appropriated to ruptures or
white Wine half a pound, boil them into a burstens, as the title of it specifies, it
plaster.
ob strengthens the reins and womb, stays
(37, 38.)
it into a plastemuch as is sufficient to
5 c

372
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
abortion, it consolidates wounds, and helps Emplastrum de Meliloto compositum.
all diseases coming of cold and moisture. Or, A Plaster of Melilot compound.
Emplastrum Hystericum.
College.] Take of Melilot flowers six
College.] Take of Bistort roots one drams, Chamomel flowers, the seeds of
pound, Wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, Fenugreek, Bay berries husked, Marsh-
Nutmegs, Barberry Kernels, Rose seeds, mallow roots, the tops of Wormwood and
of each one ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, Marjoram, of each three drams, the seeds
Squinanth, Chamomel flowers, of each half of Smallage, Ammi, Cardamoms, the roots
an ounce, Frankincense, Mastich, Alipta į of Orris, Cypress, Spikenard, Cassia Lignea,
Moschata, Gallia Moschata, Styrax Cala- } of each one dram and an half, Bdellium
mitis, of each one dram, Mosch half a dram, five drams: beat them all into fine powder,
yellow Wax one pound and an half, Tur- the pulp of twelve Figs, and incorporate
pentine half a pound, Moschæleum four them with a pound and an half of Melilot
ounces, Labdanum four pounds, Ship Pitch plaster simple, Turpentine an ounce and an
three pounds: let the Labdanum and Tur-half, Ammoniacum dissolved in Hemlock
pentine be added to the Pitch and Wax, Vinegar, three ounces, Styrax five drams,
being melted, then the Styrax, lastly the ſoil of Marjoram, and Nard, of each half
rest in powder, and sifted, that they may {an ounce, or a sufficient quantity, make it
be made into a plaster according to art. } into a plaster with a hot mortar and pestle,
Culpeper.] The plaster being applied to without boiling.
the navel, is a means to withstand the fits of Culpeper.] It mollifies the hardness of
the mother in such women as are subject to the stomach, liver, spleen, bowels, and other
them, by retaining the womb in its place. parts of the body : it wonderfully assuages
Emplastrum de Mastich.
pain, and eases hypochondriac melancholy,
Or, A Plaster of Mastich.
and the rickets.
College.] Take of Mastich three ounces, Emplastrum de minio compositum.
Bole-ammoniac washed in black Wine, an Or, A Plaster of red Lead compound.
ounce and an half, red Roses six drams, College.] Take of Oil of Roses ompha-
Ivory, Myrtle Berries, red Coral, of each | cine twenty ounces, oil of Mastich two
half an ounce, Turpentine, Colophonia, ounces, Suet of a Sheep and a Calf, of each
Tachamahacca, Labdanum, of each two half a pound, Litharge of Gold and Silver,
ounces, yellow Wax half a pound, Oil of{red Lead, of each two ounces, a taster full
Myrtles four ounces : make it into a plaster of Wine: boil them by a gentle fire con-
according to art.
tinually stirring it till it grow black, let the
Cuipeper.] It is a binding plaster, fire be hottest towards the latter end, then
strengthens the stomach being applied to it, add Turpentine half a pound, Mastich two
and helps such as loath their victuals, or ounces, Ġum Elemi one ounce, white Wax as
cannot digest it, or retain it till it be much as is sufficient: boil them a little, and
digested.
make them into a plaster according to art.
Emplastrum de Meliloto Simplex. Culpeper.] It potently cures wounds,
Or, A Plaster of Melilot simple. old malignant ulcers, and is very drying.
College.] Take of Rozin eight pounds, Emplastrum de minio Simplicius.
yellow Wax four pounds, Sheep's Suet two Or, A Plaster of red Lead simple.
pounds: these being inelted, add green College.] Take of red Lead nine ounces,
Melilot cut small
, five pounds: make it Oil of red Roses one pound and an half
,
into a plaster according to art.
white Wine Vinegar six ounces, boil it

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
373
art.
into the perfect body of a plaster. It is and make them into a plaster according to
prepared without Vinegar thùs, take of red | art.
Lead one pound, Oil of Roses one pound Culpeper.] It strengthens the brain and
and an half, Wax half a pound, make it nerves, and then being applied to the back,
into a plaster according to art.
down along the bone, it must needs add
Culpeper.] It is a fine cooling healing strength to the body.
plaster, and very drying.
Emplastrum Oxycroceum.
Emplastrum Metroproptoticon.
College.] Take of Saffron, Ship-pitch,
Colophonia, yellow Wax, of each four
College.] Take of Mastich one ounce
and an half, Galbanum dissolved in red ounces, Turpentine, Galbanum, Ammonia-
Wine and strained, six drams, Cypress Tur- cum, Myrrh, Olibanum, Mastich, of each
pentine two drams, Cypress Nuts
, Galls, of one ounce and three drams. Let'the Pitch
each one dram and an half
, oil of Nutmegs add the Wax, then (it being removed from
and Colophonia be melted together, then
by expression one dram, Musk two grains the fire) the Turpentine, afterwards the
and an half, Pitch scraped off from old
ships two drams and an half, beat the Gal-Gums dissolved in Vinegar, lastly the Saf-
banum, Pitch, Turpentine, and Maslich fron in powder, well mixed with Vinegar,
and so make it into a plaster according to
gently in a hot mortar and pestle, towards
the end, adding the Oil of Nutmegs, then
the rest in powder, last of all the Musk and discussing quality, helps broken bones,
Culpeper.] It is of a notable softening
mixed with a little Oil of Mastich upon a and any part molested with cold, old aches,
marble, and by exact mixture make them stiffness of the limbs by reason of wounds,
into a plaster.
ulcers, fractures, or dislocations, and dis-
Emplastrum Nervinum.
sipates cold swellings
College.] Oake of Oil of Chamomel and
Emplastrum Stephaniaion.
Roses, of each two ounces, of Mastich, College.] Take of Labdanum half an
Turpentine, and Linseeds, of each an ounce ounce, Styrax, Juniper Gum, of each two
and an half, Turpentine boiled four ounces, drams, Amber, Cypress, Turpentine, of
Rosemary, Bettony, Horsetail, Centaury the each one dram, red Coral, Mastich, of each
less, of each a handful, Earth-worms washed half a dram, the flowers of Sage, red
and cleansed in Wine three ounces, tops Roses, the roots of Orris Florentine, of
of St. John's Wort a handful, Mastich, Gum each one scruple, Rozin washed in Rose-
Elemi, Madder roots, of each ten drams, water half an ounce, the Rozin, Labdanum,
Ship-pitch, Rozin, of each an ounce and Juniper Gum, and Turpentine, being gently
an half, Litharge of Gold and Silver, of} beaten in a hot mortar, with a hot pestle,
each two ounces and an half, red Lead two sprinkling in a few drops of red Wine till
ounces, Galbanum, Sagapen, Amoniacum, they are in a body; then put in the pow-
of each three drams, boil the roots, herbs, ders, and by diligent stirring make them
and worms, in a pound and an half of Wine into an exact plaster.
till half be consumed, then press them cut,
Emplastrum Sticticum.
and boil the decoction again with the Oils, College.] Take of Oil of Olives six
Suets, Litharge, and red Lead, to the con- į qunces, yellow Wax an ounce and an half,
sumption of the Wine: then add the Gums Litharge in powder four ounces and an
dissolved in Wine, afterwards the Turpen- half, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, of each half
tine, Rozin, Pitch, and Mastich, in powder, an ounce, Galbanum, Opopanax, Oil of

374
da THE COMPLETE HERBAL CRA
art.
Bays, Lapis Calaminaris, both sorts of or faces of liquid Styrax, Bdellium, of each
Birthwort, Myrrh, Frankincense, of each one dram, Litharge half a dram. housean
two drams, pure Turpentine an ounce. Let Culpeper.] It is of a gentle emolient
the Oil, Wax, and Litharge be boiled toge- nature, prevails against stoppings of the
ther till it stick not to your fingers, then the stomach coming of cold, hardness of the
mass being removed from the fire and cooled spleen, coldness of the liver and matrix.
a little, and the Gums dissolved in white Emplastrum Gratia Dei. Nich.
Wine Vinegar, which evaporate away by
Or, the Grace of God.
boiling, strain it strongly, then add the College.] Take of Turpentine half a
powders, Turpentine, and Oil of Bays, that į pound, Rozin one pound, white Wax four
it may be made into a plaster according to ounces, Mastich an ounce, fresh Betony,
Vervain, and Burnet, of each one handful.
Culpeper.] It strengthens the nerves, Let the herbs, being bruised, be sufficiently
draws out corruption, takes away pains and boiled in white Wine, the liquor pressed
aches, and restores strength to members that ļout, in which let the Wax and Rozin be
have lost it: the last is most effectual. boiled to the consumption of the liquor :
Emplastrum Stomachicum Magistrale. being taken from the fire, let the Turpentine
Or, A Stomach Plaster.
be mixed with it ; lastly, the Mastich in
College.] Take of Mints, Wormwood, powder, and so make of them a plaster
Stoechas, Bay leaves, of each a dram, Mar- according to art.
joram, red Roses, yellow Sanders, of each and green ulcers, for it keeps back inflam-
Culpeper.] It is excellent good in wounds
two drams, Calamus Aromaticus, Wood of mations, cleanses and joins wounds, fills up
Aloes, Lavender flowers, Nutmegs, Cubebs, ulcers with flesh.
Galanga, long Pepper, Mace, of each a
dram, Mastich three drams, Cloves two
Emplastrum de Janua, or of Betony.
drams and an half, Oil of Mints an ounce
Nicholaus. La
and an half, Oil of Nard an ounce, Oil of College.] Take of the juice of Betony,
Spike a dram, Rozin, Wax, of each four Plantain, and Smallage, of each one pound,
ounces, Labdanum three ounces, Styrax į half a pound, boil the Wax and Rozin in
Wax, Pitch, Rozin, Turpentine, of each
half an ounce : make it into a plaster.
Culpeper.] Both this and the other of
the juices with a gentle fire, continually
that naine which you shall have by and by, then add the Turpentine and Pitch, con-
stirring them till the juice be consumed ,
strengthen the stomach exceedingly, help tinually stirring it till it be brought into the
digestion and stay vomiting consistence of a plaster according to art.
Emplastrum Ceroma, or, Ceroneum.
Emplastrum Isis Epigoni. Galen. na
Nich. Alex.
College.] Take of yellow Wax an hun-
College.] Take of Pitch scraped from a dred drams, Turpentine two hundred drams,
Ship that hath been a long time at Sea, scales of Copper, Verdigris, round Birth-
yellow Wax, of each seven drams, Saga- wort, Frankincense, Sal-amoniac, Amnio-
penum six drams, Ammoniacum, Turpen- niacum, burnt brass of each eight drams,
tine, Colophonia, Saffron, of each four burnt Alum six drams, Aloes, Myrrh, Gal-
drams, Aloes, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each banum, of each an ounce and an half, old
three drams, Styrax Calamitis
, Mastich, Oil one pound, sharp Vinegar so much as
Opopanax, Galbanum, Alum, the seeds of}is sufficient. Let the metals be dissolved
Fenugreek, of each two drains, the settlings in the sun with the Vinegar, then put in

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
375
those things that may be melted, last of all Turpentine, last of all the Colophonia,
the powders, and make them all into an Mastich, Frankincense, Bdellium, Alum,
emplaster.
Myrrh, and Fenugreek in powder: let
Culpeper.] Galen appropriates it to the them be made into a plaster.
head, and ulcers there. I know no reason Culpeper.] It strengthens the stomach,
but why it may as well serve for other parts and helps digestion.
of the body.
Emplastrum Nigrum. August. Called in
A Plaster of Mastich. Nich. Alex.
High Dutch Stichstaster.
College.] Take of Mastich, Ship Pitch, College.] Take of Colophonia, Rozin,
Sagapenum, Wax, of each six drams, Ship Pitch, white Wax, roman Vitriol,
Ammoniacum, Turpentine, Colophonia, Ceruss, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each eight
Saffron, Aloes, Frankincense, Myrrh, of ounces, Oil of Roses seven ounces, Oil of
each three drams, Opopanax, Galbanum, Juniper Berries three ounces, Oil of Eggs
Styrax Calamitis, Alum, (Rondeletius ap- two ounces, Oil of Spick one ounce, white
points, and we for him) Bitumen, Fenu- Vitriol, red Coral, Mummy, of each two
greek, of each two drams, the feces of ounces, Earth of Lemnos, Mastich, Dragon's
Liquid Styrax, Bdellium, Litharge, of each blood, of each one ounce, the fat of an
half a dram: Let the Litharge being beaten Heron one ounce, the fat of Pimullus three
into powder, be boiled in a sufficient quan- ounces, Load stone prepared, two ounces,
tity of water ; then add the Pitch, which Earthworms prepared, Camphire, of each
being melted, add the Wax and Ammoni- one ounce; make them into a plaster ac-
acum, afterwards let the Sagapenum, Opo-cording to art: fed the bounda
panax, and Galbanum be put in; then the Culpeper.] It is very good in green
Styrax and Feces being mixed with the wounds and shootings.
som att
thoil boosteli
101:
oh some otser 10
1153 Stotoong be
teena ondoa?
MOTO
na brojni
Son 10 ZORY:
Pouloetline of
Deguito voel
Teret
pribo bora tus padol
o
Pagarbhoot out to
Fotbol or bitte
on ollup mobbin
it is in
10 Promo
En bo
ellence in italiano di
(37, 38.
5

A KEY
TO
GALEN’s METHOD OF PHYSIC.
The general use of physic. the whole ground and foundation of physic)
I SHALL desire thee, whoever thou art, are totally led astray by Tradition."
that intendest the noble (though too much It is the manifest qualities of medicines
abused) study of physic, to mind heedfully that here I am to speak to, and you may be
these following rules ; which being well un- pleased to behold it in this order.
derstood, shew thee the Key of Galen and
Hippocrates their method of physic: he
that useth their method, and is not heedful
of these rules, may soon cure one disease, SECTION. 1. of the Temperature of
and cause another more desperate.
Medicines.
That thou mayest understand what I SECTION. 2. Of the appropriation of
intend, it is to discover in a general way of
Medicines.
the manifest virtues of medicines.
SECTION. 3. Of the Properties of Medicines.
I say of the manifest virtues, and qualities,
viz. Such as are obvious to the senses,
especially to the taste and smell: for it
hath been the practice of most Physicians,
SECTION I.
in these latter ages as well as ours, to say,
when they cannot give, nor are minded to Of the Temperature of Medicines.
study a reason, why an herb, plant, &c. Herbs, plants, and other medicines mani-
hath such an operation, or produces such an festly operate, either by heat, coldness, dry-
effect in the body of man: It doth it by anness, or moisture, for the world being com-
hidden quality, for they not minding the posed of so many qualities, they and only
whole creation, as one united body, not know- they can be found in the world, and the
ing what belongs to astral influence, notregard-mixtures of them one with another.
ing that excellent harmony the only wise But that they may appear as clear as the
God hath made in a composition of con- sun when he is upon the meridian, I shall
traries (in the knowledge of which consists treat of them severally, and in this order.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
377
that part.
1. Of Medicines temperate. and vigour, and may be used without dan-
2. Of Medicines hot.
ger, or fear of danger, by considering whch
3. Of Medicines cold.
part of the body is weak, and using such
4. Of Medicines moist.
temperate medicines as are appropriated to
5. Of Medicines dry.
Of Medicines hot.
Of Medicines Temperate.
The care of the ancient Physicians was
If the world be composed of extremes, such that they did not labour to hide from,
then it acts by extremes, for as the man is, but impart to posterity, not only the tem-
so is his work: therefore it is impossible perature of medicines in general, but also
that any medicine can be temperate, but their degrees in temperature, that so the
may be reduced to heat, cold, dryness, or distempered part may be brought to its
moisture, and must operate, (I mean such as temperature, and no further; for all things
operate by manifest quality) by one of these, which are of a contrary temperature, con-
because there is no other to operate by, and duce not to cure, but the strength of the
that there should be such a temperate mix- contrariety must be observed, that so the
ture, so exquisitely of these qualities in any medicine may be neither weaker nor strong-
medicine, that one of them should not er, than just to take away the distemper;
manifestly excel the other, I doubt it is a for if the distemper be but meanly hot, and
system too rare to find.
you apply a medicine cold in the fourth
Thus then I conclude the matter to be, degree, it is true, you may soon remove that
those Medicines are called temperate (not į distemper of heat, and bring another of
because they have excess of temperature cold twice as bad. Galen, de simp. med. facul.
at all in them) which can neither be said, lib. 3. cap. 12.
to heat nor cool so much as will amount to Then, secondly, Not only the distemper
the first degree of excess, for daily expe- itself, but also the part of the body dis-
rience witnesses that they being added to tempered must be heeded; for if the head
medicines, change not their qualities, they be distempered by heat, and you give such
make them neither hotter nor colder. medicines as cool the heart or liver, you will
Their use. They are used in such dis- bring another disease, and not cure the
eases where there is no manifest distemper { former.
of the first qualities, viz. heat and cold, The degrees then of temperature are to
for example; In obstruction of the bowels, ; be diligently heeded, which antient physi-
where cold medicines might make the ob- cians have concluded to be four in the quali-
struction greater, and hot medicines cause a ties, viz. heat and cold, of each we shall
fever.
speak a word or two severally.
In fevers of flegm, where the cause is Of Medicines hot in the first degree.
cold and moist, and the effect hot and dry; Those are said to be hot in the first de-
in such, use temperate medicines which may gree, which induce a moderate and natural
neither encrease the fever by their heat, heat to the body, and to the parts thereof;
nor condensate the flegm by their coldness. either cold by nature, or cooled by accident,
Besides, because contraries are taken by which natural heat is cherished when
away by their contraries, and every like weak, or restored when wanting.
maintained by its like, they are of great Effect 1. The first effect then of medi-
use, to preserve the constitution of the body cines hot in the first degree, is, by their
emperate, and the body itself in strength 'sweat and temperate heat to reduce the

378
WIDIATHE COMPLETE HERBAL C
body to its natural heat, as the fire doth the appropriated to, or by not heeding well the
external parts in cold weather, unless the complexion of the patient, or the natural
affliction of cold be so great that such mild temper of the part of the body afflicted, for
medicines will not serve the turn.
the heart is hot, but the brain temperate.
Effect 2. The second effect is, the miti- Effect 4. Lastly, Medicines hot in the
gation of pain arising from such a distemper, first degree, cherish heat in the internal
and indeed this effect hath other medicines, parts, help concoction, breed good blood,
some that are cold, and some that are hotter and keep it good in temper, being bred.
than the first degree, they being rationally Of Medicines hot in the second degree
applied to the distemper. These medicines These are something hotter than the
the Greeks call Anodyna, and shall be spo- } naturaltemper of a man.
ken of in their proper places. In this Use. Their use for such whose stomachs
place let it suffice that medicines hot in the
are filled with moisture, because their
first degree, make the offending humours faculty is too hot and drythey take away
thin, and expel them by sweat, or insensible obstructions or stoppings, open the pores
transpiration, and these of all others are of the skin, but not in the same manner
most congruous or agreeable to the body of that such do as are hot in the first degree,
man, for there is no such equal temperature for they do it without force, by a gentle heat
,
of heat and cold in a sound man, but heat concocting, and expelling the humours
, by
exceeds, for we live by heat and moisture, strengthening and helping nature in the
and not by cold.
work; but these cut tough humours, and
Aledicines then which are hot in the first
scatter them by their own force and power
degree, are such as just correspond to the } when nature cannot.
natural heat of our bodies ; such as are of Medicines hot in the third degree.
hotter or colder, are more subject to do mis- Those which attain the third degree of
chief, being administered by an unskilful
hand, than these are, because of their con- before mentioned; but as they are hottér,
heat, have the same faculties with those
trariety to nature; whereas these are grate-
ful to the body by their moderate heat.
so are they more powerful in their opera-
Effect 3. Thirdly, These take away and cutting, that if unadvisedly given they
tions, for they are so powerful in heating
weariness, and help fevers, being outwardly
cause fevers. Use. Their use is to cut
applied, because they open the pores of the
skin, and by their gentle heat prepare the tough and compacted humours, to provoke
humours, and take away those fuliginous
sweat abundantly; hence it comes to pass
they all of them resist poison. ben sody
vapours that are caused by fevers.
Discommodities.] Yet may discommo-
Of Medicines hot in the fourth degree:
dities arise by heedless giving even of these,
Those medicines obtain the highest degree
which I would have young students in phy- of heat, which are so hot that they burn the
sic to be very careful in, lest they do more
body of a man, being outwardly applied to
mischief than they are aware of, viz. It is it, and cause inflammations, or raise blisters,
possible by too much use of them, to con-
as Crowfoot, Mustard-seed, Onions, &c.
sume not only what is inimical in the body, Of these more hereafter.
but also the substance itself, and the strength
Of cooling Medicines.
of the spirits, whence comes faintings, and Physicians have also observed four de-
sometimes death: besides, by applying grees of coldness in medicines, which I shall
them to the parts of the body they are not 'briefly treat of in order.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
379
Of Medicines cold in the first degree. the second or third degree, always let
Those medicines which are least cold of the remedy correspond to the just propor-
all, obtain the first degree of coldness ; and štion of the affliction.
I beseech you take notice of this, that see- Use 3. Thirdly, Sometimes the spirits
ing our bodies are nourished by heat, and į are moved inordinately through heat, thence
we live by heat, therefore no cold medi- į follows immoderate watchings, if not de-
cines are friendly to the body, but what privation of the senses, this also must be
good they do our bodies, they do it by re- remedied with cold medicines, for cold
moving an unnatural heat, or the body { stops, the pores of the skin, makes the
heated above it natural temper.
humours thick, represses sweat, and keeps
The giving then of cold medicines to a{ up the spirits from fainting.
man in his natural temper, the season of Of Medicines cold in the fourth degree.
the year also being but moderately hot, ex-
Lastly, The use of medicines cold in the
tinguishes natural heat in the body of man. fourth degree, is, To mitigate desperate and
Yet have these a necessary use in them vehement pains, stupifying the senses, when
too, though not so frequent as hot medi-
no other course can be taken to save life:
cines' have; and that may be the reason of the use of which more hereafter
why an all wise God hath furnished us with
Of moistening Medicines.
far more hot herbs and plants, &c. than
cold.
There can be no such difference found
Use 1. Their use is first, in nourishment, amongst moistening medicines, that they
that, so the heat of food may be qualified, I should surpass the second degree
. For see-
and made for a weak stomach to digest.
ing all medicines are either hot or cold,
Use 2. Secondly, To restrain and assuage neither heat nor cold, seeing they are ex-
the heat of the bowels, and to cool the tremes, can consist with moisture, for the
blood in fevers.
one dries it up, the other condensates it.
Therefore if the distemper of heat be but
Use. Phylosophers therefore call mois-
gentle, medicines cold in the first degree ture and dryness, passive qualities, yet have
will suffice; also children, and such people they their operation likewise; for moist
whose stomachs are weak, are easily hurt medicines lenifies and make slippery, ease
by cold medicines.
the cough, and help the roughness of the
Of Medicines cold in the second and third
throat. These operations are proper to
degree
medicines moist in the first degree.
Use 1. Such whose stomachs are strong,
Those which are moister, take away
and livers hot, may easily bear such medi naturally strength, help the sharpness of
cines as are cold in the second degree, and humours, make both blood and spirits
in cases of extremity find much help by thicker, looses the belly, and fits it for pur-
them : as also by such as are cold in the gation.
third degree, the extremity of the disease
The immoderate or indiscreet use of them
considered, for by both these the unbridled dulls the body, and makes it unfit for action.
heat of choler is assuaged.
Of drying Medicines,
Use 2. Also they are outwardly applied Drying medicines have contrary faculties
to hot swellings, due consideration being to these, viz. To consume moisture, stop
had, that if the inflammation be not great, fluxes, and make such parts dry as are
use those that are less; if the inflammation slippery, they make the body and members
be vehement, make use of medicines cold | firm, when they are weakened by too much
(37, 38.)
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380
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
moisture, that so they may perform their
proper functions.
SECTION II.
Yet although the members be strengthen-
ed by drying medicines, they have not- Of the appropriation of Medicines to the
withstanding their own proper moisture in
several parts of the body.
them, which ought to be conserved, and not That the qualities and use of these medi-
destroyed, for without it they cannot con- cines may be found out, and understood
sist: If then this moisture be consumed by } by every one, and so my country reap the
using, or rather over use of drying medi- benefit of my labour, they shall find them
cines, the members can neither be nourish- presented to their view in this order.
ed, nor yet perform their proper actions. Medicines appropriated.
Such medicines as are dry in the third
1. To the head.
degree, being unadvisedly given, hinder
2. To the breast and lung's
the parts of the body they are appropriated
3. To the heart.
to, of their nourishment, and by that means
4. To the stomach.
brings them into consumption.
5. To the liver.
Besides, There is a certain moisture in
6. To the spleen.
the body of man, which is called radical
7. To the reins and bladder.
moisture, which being taken away, the parts
8. To the womb.
must needs die, seeing natural heat and life
9. To the joints.
also consists in it, and this may be done by
too frequent use of medicines dry in the
fourth degree: And it may be this was the
reason of Galen's writing, that things dry
CHAPTER I.
in the fourth degree, must of necessity burn;
which is an effect of heat, and not of dry-
Of Medicines appropriated to the head.
By [head is usually understood all tha
ness, unless hy burning, Galen means con-
part of the body which is between the top
suming the radical moisture.
The use then of drying medicines, is only the neck, yet are those medicines properly
of the crown, and the uppermost joint of
to such bodies, and parts of the body, as called Cephalical, which are appropriated
abound with moisture, in which observe to the brain, not to the eyes, cars, nor
these rules.
1. If the moisture be not exteme, let not
teeth; neither are those medicines which are
the medicine be extremely drying.
proper to the ears, proper also to the eyes,
therefore (my intent being to write as plain
2. Let it be proper to the part of the
body afflicted, for if the liver be afflicted these parts.
as I can) I shall subdivide this chapter into
by moisture, and you go about to dry the
Medicines appropriated
brain or heart, you may sooner kill than
1. To the brain.
2. To the eyes
Thus have we briefly spoken of the first
qualities of medicines, and in the general
3. To the mouth, and nostrils.
4. To the ears.
only, and but briefly, because we shall
5. To the teeth.
always touch upon them in the exposition
of the other qualities, in which you must For what medicines are appropriated to
always have an eye to these.
an unruly tongue, is not in my power at
present to determine.
cure.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
381
Of Medicines appropriated to the brain. Some Cephalics purge the brain, some
Before we treat of medicines appropriated } heat it, some cool it, some strengthen it;
to the brain, it is requisite that we describe but how they perform this office peculiarly
what the nature and affection of the brain to the brain, most physicians confess they
is.
could neither comprehend by reason, nor
The brain which is the seat of appre- describe by precepts, only thus, they do it
hension, judgment, and memory, the origi- by an hidden quality, either by strengthen-
nal of sense and motion, is by nature tem- } ing the brain, thereby descending it from
perate, and if so, then you will grant me diseases, or by a certain antipathy between
that it may easily be afflicted both by heat them and the diseases incident to the brain.
and cold, and it is indeed more subject to Lastly, For the use of Cephalics, ob-
affliction by either of them, than any other serve, if the brain be much afflicted, you
part of the body, for if it be afflicted by cannot well strengthen it before you have
heat, sense and reason, it is immoderately purged it, neither can you well purge the
moved, if by cold, they languish, and are brain before you have cleansed the rest of
dulled, to pass by other symptoms which the body, it is so subject to receive the
invade the head, if the brain be altered vapours up to it; give cooling Cephalics
from its proper temper.
when the brain is too hot, and hot Cephalics
Also this is peculiar to the brain, that it when it is too cold.
is delighted or offended by smells, sights, Beware of using cooling medicines to
and sounds, but I shall meddle no further the brain when the crisis of a disease is
with these here, because they are not medi- near: how that time may be known, I shall
cines.
(God assisting me) instruct you hereafter,
Cephalical Medicines may be found out } let it suffice now, that according as the dis-
from the affectionis of the brain itself. The ease afflicting your head is, so let your
brain is usually oppressed with moisture in remedy be.
such afflictions; therefore give such medi- Of Medicines appropriated to the eyes.
cines as very gently warnı, cleanse, cut, and Take such medicines as are appropriated
dry: but withal, let them be such as are to the eyes under the name of (Ocular
appropriated to the head, such as physi- Medicines ) I do it partly to avoid multipli-
cians say (by an hidden quality) strengthen city of words, and partly to instruct my
the brain.
countrymen in the terms of art belonging
Again, if you consider the situation of to physic, (I would have called them
the brain, you shall find it placed in the [Ophthalmics] had not the word been trou-
highest part of the body, therefore it is blesome to the reading, much more to the
easily afflicted with hot vapours: this understanding of a countryman) as I even
punishes a man with watching and head- {now called such medicines [Cephalics] as
ache, as the former did with sottishness and were appropriated to the brain.
sleepiness, in such cases use such Cephalecs Ocular medicines are two-fold, viz. such
as gently cool the brain.
as are referred to the visive virtues, and such
To make Cephalecs of Narcoticks, or as are referred to the eyes themselves.
stupifying medicines, is not my intent, for Such as strengthen the visive virtue or
I am confident they are inimical both to the optick nerves which convey it to the
brain and senses.
Of these, and such žeyes (say Doctors) do it by an hidden
medicines as also purge the brain, I shall virtue, into the reason which no man can
speak by and by. To return to my purpose. ? dive, unless they should fetch it from the

382
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
similitude of the substance: And yet they'ș they are of themselves very dry, therefore
say a Goat's liver conduces much to make they require medicines which dry much.
one see in the night, and they give this Medicines appropriated to the teeth.
reason, because Goats see as well in the Vehement heat, and vehement cold, are
night as in the day. Yet is there no affi- } inimical to the teeth, but they are most of
nity in temperature nor substance between all offended by sharp and sour things, and
the liver and the eyes : However Astro- the reason is, because they have neither
logers know well enough that all herbs, skin nor flesh to cover them, they delight in
plants, &c. that are under the dominion of such medicines as are cleansing and bind-
either sun or moon, and appropriated to ſing, because they are troubled with de-
the head, be they hot or cold they strengthen fuxions and rheums upon every light oc-
the visivé virtue, as Eyebright, which is hot casion; and that's the reason the common
Lunaria, or Moonwort which is cold. use of fat and sweet things, soon rots the
As for what appertains to the constitu- { teeth.
tion of the eyes themselves, seeing they are
exact in sense, they will not endure the
least inconvenience, therefore such medi-
CHAPTER II.
cines as are outwardly applied to them,
(for such medicines as strengthen the visive Of Medicines appropriated to the breast
virtues are always given inwardly) let them
and lungs.
neither hurt by their hardness nor gnawing The medicines appropriated to the breast
quality, nor be so tough that they should į and lungs, you shall find called all along
stick to them. Therefore let ocular medi- } by the name of [pectorals] that's the term
cines be neither in powders nor ointments, Physicians give them, when you heat them
because oil itself is offensive to the eyes, } talk of pectoral Syrups, pectoral rows, or
and how pleasing powders are to them, pectoral Ointments.
you may perceive yourself by just going? They are divers, some of which regard
into the dust.
the part afflicted, others the matter afflict-
Medicines appropriated to the mouth and nose. ing.
Apply no stinking medicine to a disease But although sometimes in ulcers of the
in the nose, for such offend not only the lungs, we are forced to use binding medi-
nose, but also the brain; neither administer cines, to join the ulcer, yet are not these
medicines of any ill taste to a discase in the called pectorals, because binding medicines
mouth, for that subverts the stomach, be- are extreme hurtful to the breast and lungs,
cause the tunicle of the mouth and of the both because they hinder one's fetching his
stomach is the same : and because both}breath, and also because they hinder the
mouth and nostrils are ways by which the avoiding that flegm by which the breast is
brain is cleansed, therefore are they in- oppressed.
fected with such vices as need almost con- Such medicines are called pectorals,
tinual cleansing, and let the medicines you which are of a lenifying nature.
apply to them be either pleasant, or at Besides, Those which make thin matter
least, not ingrateful.
thicker are of two sorts, viz. Some are mild
Medicines appropriated to the ears. and gentle, which may safely be administed,
The cars are easily afflicted by cold, be the matter hot or cold which offendeth ;
because they are always open, therefore others are very cold, which are used only
they require hot medicines. And because when the matter offending is sharp.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
383
But because such medicines as conduce will easily grant me, that it is the property
to the cure of the phthisies (which is an of cordials to administer to the heart in these
ulceration of the lungs, and the disease particulars.
usually called, the consumption of the Of Cordials, some cheer the mind, some
lungs,) are also reckoned in amongst pec- } strengthen the heart, and refresh the spirits
toral,s it is not amiss to speak a word or thereof, being decayed.
two of them.
Those which cheer the mind, are not one
In the cure of this disease are three and the same ; for as the heart is variously
things to be regarded.
disturbed, either by anger, love, fear, hatred,
1. To cut and bring away the concreted sadness, &c. So such things as flatter
blood.
lovers or appease the angry, or comfort the
2. To cherish and strengthen the lungs. fearful, or please the hateful, may well be
3. To conglutinate the ulcer.
called cordials ; for the heart, seeing it is
And indeed some particular simples will placed in the middle between the brain
perform all these, and physicians confess and the liver, is wrought upon by reason, as
it; which shews the wonderful mystery the well as by digestion, yet these, because
all-wise God hath made in the creation, they are not medicines, are beside my pre-
that one and the same simple should per- sent scope.
form two contrary operations on the same And although it is true, that mirth, love,
part of the body; for the more a medicine &c. are actions, or motions of the mind,
cleanses, the more it conglutinates.
not of the body; yet many have been
To conclude then, Pectoral Medicines induced to think such affections may be
are such as either cut and cleanse out the wrought in the body by medicines,
compacted humours from the arteries of the The heart is chiefly afflicted by too much
lungs, or make thin defluxions thick, or heat, by poison, and by stinking vapours,
temper those that are sharp, help the rough- and these are remedied by the second sort
ness of the wind-pipe, or are generally of cordials, and indeed chiefly belong to
lenitive and softening, being outwardly ap- our present scope.
plied to the breast.
According to these three afflictions, viz.
1. Excessive heat.
2. Poison.
3. Melancholy vapours.
CHAPTER III.
Are three kinds of remedies which suce.
Of Medicines appropriated to the heart. cour the afflicted heart.
These are they which are generally given
under the notion of Cordials; take them 1. By their cooling nature mitigate the heat
under that name here.
of fevers.
The heart is the seat of the vital spirit, the 2. Resist poison.
fountain of life, the original of infused heat, 3. Cherish the vital spirits when they sunce
and of the natural affections of man. guish.
So then these two things are proper to the All these are called Cordials.
1. Such as cool the heart in fevers, yet
1. By its heat to cherish life throughout is not every thing that cooleth cordial, for
lead is colder than gold, yet is not lead
2. To add vigour to the affections. cordial as gold is, some hold it cordial by
And if these be proper to the heart, you 'a hidden quality, others by reason. Samas
(39, 40.)
Such as
heart.
the body.
5 F

881
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
ment.
2. Such as resist poison; there is a two-
1. Appetite lost.
fold resisting of poison.
2. Digestion weakened.
1. By an antipathy between the medicine 3. The retentive faculty corrupted.
and poison.
When the appetite is lost, the man feels
2. By a sympathy between the medicine and ino hunger when his body needs nourish-
the heart.
Of the first we shall speak anon, in a When digestion is weakened it is not
chapter by itself
. The latter belongs to able to concoct the meat received into the
this chapter, and they are such medicines, stomach, but it putrifies there.
whose nature is to strengthen the heart, and When the retentive faculty is spoiled the
fortify it against the poison, as Rue, Ange- stomach is not able to retain the food till it
lica, &c. For as the operation of the for- he digested, but either vomits it up again,
mer is upon the poison, which afflicteth the or causes fluxes.
heart, so the operation of the latter is upon Such medicines then as remedy all these,
the heart afflicted by the poison.
are called stomachicals. And of them in
To this class may be referred all such order.
medicines as strengthen the heart either by 1. Such as provoke appetite are usually
astral influence, or by likeness of substance, of a sharp or sourish taste, and yet withal
if there be such a likeness in medicines, of a grateful taste to the palate, for although
for a Bullock's heart is of like substance loss of appetite may proceed from divers
to man's, yet I question whether it be cor- causes, as from choler in the stomach, or
dial or not.
putreſied humours or the like, yet such
3. And lastly, Such as refresh the spirits, { things as purge this choler or humours, are
and make them lively and active, both į properly called Orecticks, not stomachicals;
because they are appropriated to the office, the former strengthen appetite after these
and also because they drive stinking and are expelled.
melancholy vapours from the heart, for as 2. Such medicines help digestion as
the animal spirit be refreshed by fragrant strengthen the stomach, either by conve-
smells, and the natural spirits by spices, nient heat, or aromatic (viz. spicy) faculty,
so are the vital spirits refreshed by all such by hidden property, or congruity of nature.
inedicines as keep back melancholy vapours 3. The retentive faculty of the stomach
from the heart, as Borrage, Bugloss, Rose- } is corrected by binding medicines, yet not
mary, Citron Pills, the compositions of them, by all binding medicines neither, for some
and many others, which this treatise will of them are adverse to the stomach, but
amply furnish you with.
by such binding medicines' as are appro-
priated to the stomach.
For the use of these.
CHAPTER IV.
Use 1. Use not such medicines as pro-
Of Medicines appropriated to the stomach. voke appetite before you have cleansed the
By stomach, I mean that ventricle which stomach of what hinders it.
contains the food till it be concocted into Use 2. Such medicines as help digestion,
chyle.
give them a good time before meat that so
Medicines appropriated to the stomach they may pass to the bottom of the stomach,
are usually called stomachicals.
(for the digestive faculty lies there,) before
The infirmities usually incident to the the food come into it.
stomach are three.
Use 3. Such as strengthen the retentive

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
385
faculty, give them a little before meat, if And thus much for the liver, the office of
to stay fluxes; a little after meat, if to stay { which is to concoct chyle, (which is a white
vomiting
substance the stomach digests the food into)
into blood, and distributes it, by the veins,
to every part of the body, whereby the
CHAPTER V.
body is nourished, and decaying flesh re-
Of Medicines appropriated to the liver. stored.
Be pleased to take these under the name
of Hepatics, for that is the usual name
CHAPTER VI.
physicians give them, and these also are of
three sorts.
Of Medicines appropriated to the spleen.
1. Some the liver is delighted in. In the breeding of blood, are three ex-
2. Others strengthen it.
crements most conspicuous, viz. urine,
3. Others help its vices.
choler, and melancholy.
The palate is the seat of taste, and its The proper seat of choler is in the gall.
office is to judge what food is agreeable to The urine passeth down to the reins or
the stomach, and what not, by that is both į kidneys, which is all one.
the quality and quantity of food for the The spleen takes the thickest or melan-
stomach discerned: the very same office į choly blood to itself.
the meserażk veins perforin to the liver. This excrement of blood is twofold: for
Sometimes such food pleases the palate either by excessive heat, it is addust, and
which the liver likes not (but not often) this is that the Latins call Atru Bilis: or
and therefore the meseraik veins refuse it, i else it is thick and earthly of itself, and this
and that is the reason some fèw men fancy į properly is called melancholy humour.
such food as makes them sick after the Hence then is the nature of splenical
eating thereof.
medicines to be found out, and by these
1. The liver is delighted exceedingly with two is the spleen usually afflicted for Atra
sweet things, draws them greedily, and bilis, (I know not what distinct English
digests them as swiftly, and that is the reason name to give it) many times causes mad-
honey is so soon turned into choler. ness, and pure melancholy causeth obstruc-
2. Such medicines strengthen the liver, tions of the bowels, and tumours, whereby
as (being appropriated to it) very gently the concoction of the blood is vitiated,
bind, for seeing the office of the liver is to and dropsies many times follow.
concoct, it needs some adstriction, that so Medicines then peculiar to the spleen
both the heat and the humour to be con- must needs be twofold alsu, some appro-
cocted may be stayed, that so the one slip priated to Atra bilis, others to pure melan-
not away, nor the other be scattered. choly; but of purging either of them, I
Yet do not hepatical medicines require shall omit till I come to treat of purging in
so great a binding faculty as stomachicals do, a chapter by itself.
because the passages of the stomach are 1. Such medicines are splenical, which
more open than those of the liver by which by cooling and moistening temper Atra
it either takes in chyle, or sends out blood bilis: let not these medicines be too cold
to the rest of the body, therefore medicines neither, for there is no such heat in Atra
that are very binding are hurtful to the bilis as there is in choler, and therefore it
liver, and either cause obstructions, or hin- needs no such excessive cooling : amongst
der the distribution of the blood, or both the number of these are such as we meus

386
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
tioned amongst the cordials to repel melan- such, that they abhor all binding medicines,
choly vapours from the heart, such temper because they cause stoppage of urine.
and assuage the malice of Atra bilis.
Take notice, that the reins and bladder
2. Those medicines are also splenical, } being subject to inflammations endure not
by which melancholy humours are cor- very hot medicines.
rected and so prepared, that they may the Because the bladder is further remote
more easily be evacuated : such medicines from the centre of the body than the kidnies
are cutting and opening, and they differ are, therefore it requires stronger medicines
from hepaticals in this that they are noșthan the kidnies do, lest the strength of
ways binding; for the spleen being no ways į the medicine be spent before it be come to
addicted to concoction, binding medicines the part afflicted.
do it harm, and not good.
3. Sometimes the spleen is not only ob-
structed, but also hardened by melancholy
CHAPTER VIII.
humours, and in such cases emolient medi- Of Medicines appropriated to the womb.
cines may be well called splenicals, not These, physicians call Hystericals, and to
such as are taken inwardly, for they operate avoid multiplicity of words, take them in
upon
the stomach and bowels, but such as this discourse under that notion.
are outwardly applied to the region of the Take notice that such medicines as pro-
spleen.
voke the menses, or stop them when they
And although sometimes medicines, are {flow immoderately, are properly hystericals,
outwardly applied to hardness of the liver, but shall be spoken to by and by in a chap-
yet they differ from splenicals, because they ter by themselves.
are binding, so are not splenicals.
As for the nature of the womb, it seems
to be much like the nature of the brain and
CHAPTER VII.
stomach, for experience teacheth that it is
delighted with sweet and aromatical medi-
Of Medicines appropriated to the reins and cines, and flies from their contraries.
bladder.
For example: a woman being troubled
The office of the reins is, to make a with the fits of the mother, which is draw
separation between the blood and the urine;{ing of the womb upward, apply sweet things,
to receive this urine. thus separated from ļas Civet, or the like, to the place of concep-
the blood, is the bladder ordained, which tion, it draws it down again ; but apply
is of a sufficient bigness to contain it. stinking things to the nose, as Assafoetida, or
Both these parts of the body officiating the like, it expels it from it, and sends it
about the urine, they are both usually af- } down to its proper place.
flicted by the vices of the urine.
1. By stones.
2. By inflammation.
CHAPTER IX.
3. By thick humours.
Of Medicines appropriated to the joints.
Medicines appropriated to the reins and The joints are usually troubled with
bladder are usually called Nephriticals, and cephalic diseases, and then are to be cured
are threefold; some cool, others cut gross} by cephalic medicines.
humours, and a third sort breaks the stone. Medicines appropriated to the joints, are
In the use of all these, take notice, that called by the name Arthritical medicines.
the constitution of the reins and bladder is. The joints, seeing they are very nervous,

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
387
taken away.
require medicines which are of a heating
1. A distention or stretching of a part by
and drying nature, with a gentle binding, too much fulness.
and withal, such as by peculiar virtue are 2. Thick humours which are destitute of
appropriated to them, and add strength to heat, growing hard in that part of the body
them. It is true, most cephalics do so, yet į into which they flow.
because the joints are more remote from the So many properties then ought emolient
centre, they require stronger medicines. medicines to have, viz. To moisten what is
For removing pains in the joints this is dry, to discuss what is stretched, to warm
the method of proceeding.
what is congealed by cold; yet properly,
Pains is either taken away or eased, for that only is said to mollify which reduceth
the true cure is to take away the cause of a hard substance to its proper temperature.
the pain, sometimes the vehemency of the Dryness and thickness of humours being
pain is so great that you must be forced to the cause of hardness, emolient medicines
use Anodines (for so physicians call suchmust of necessity be hot and moist; and
medicines as ease pain) before you can although you may peradventure find some
meddle with the cause, and this is usually of them dry in the second or third degrees,
when the part pained is inflamed, for those yet must this dryness be tempered and
medicines which take away the cause of qualified with heat and moisture, for reason
pain being very hot, if there be any in- will tell you that dry medicines make hard
flammation in the part pained, you must parts harder.
abstain from them till the inflammation be Mollifying medicines are know, 1. by
their taste, 2. by their feeling.
1. In taste, they are near unto sweat, but
fat and oily; they are neither sharp, nor
SECTION III.
austere, nor sour, nor salt, neither do they
Of the propriety or operation of Medicines.
manifest either binding, or vehement heat,
or cold to be in them.
2. In feeling you can perceive no rough-
CHAPTER I.
ness, neither do they stick to your fingers
like Birdlime, for they ought to penetrate
Of Emolient Medicines.
the parts to be mollified, and therefore many
The various mixtures of heat, cold, dry- {times if occasion be, are cutting medicines
ness, and moisture in simples, must of mixed with them.
necessity produce variety of faculties, and
operations in them, which now we come to
treat of, beginning first at emolients.
CHAPTER 11.
What is hard, and what is soft, most men
know, but few are able to express. Phy-
Of hardening Medicines.
losophers define that to be hard which Galen in Lib. 5. de Simple, Med. Facult.
yields not to touching, and soft to be the Cap. 10. determines hardening medicines to
contrary. An emolient, or softening medi- } be cold and moist, and he brings some argu-
cine is one which reduceth a hard substancements to prove it, against which other phy,
to its proper temperature.
sicians contest.
But to leave phylosophy, and keep to I shall not here stand to quote the dis-
physic: physicians describe hardness to be pute, only take notice, that if softening
two-fold.
medicines be hot and moist (as we shewed
(39, 40.)
5 G

388
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
I
even now) then hardening medicines must being useful, that it is obnoxious to the
needs be cold and dry, because they are body of man. pass it without more
contrary to them.
words. I suppose when Galen wrote of
The universal course of nature will prove hardening medicines, he intended such as
it, for dryness and moisture are passive make thick, and therefore amongst them he
qualities, neither can extremeties consist in reckons up Fleawort, Purslain, Houseleek,
moisture as you may know, if you do but șand the like, which assuage the heat of the
consider that dryness is not attributed to humours in swellings, and stops subtil and
the air, nor water, but to the fire, and earth. sharp defluxions upon the lungs; but of
12. The thing to be congealed must needs these more anon.
be moist, therefore the medicine congealing
must of necessity be dry, for if cold be
joined with dryness, it contracts the pores,
CHAPTER III.
that so the humours cannot be scattered.
Yet you must observe a difference be-
Of Loosening Medicines.
tween medicines drying, making thick, By loosening here, I do not mean purg-
hardening, and congealing, of which dif- ing, nor that which is opposite to astrin-
ferences, a few words will not do amiss. gency; but that which is opposite to
1. Such medicines are said to dry, which į stretching: I knew not suddenly what fitter
draw out, or drink up the moisture, as a English name to give it, than loosening or
spunge drinks up water.
laxatiön, which latter is scarce English.
2. Such medicines are said to make thick, The members are distended or stretched
as do not consume the moisture, but add, divers ways, and ought to be loosened by as
dryness to it, as you make syrups into many, for they are stretched sometimes by
a thick electuary by adding powders to dryness, sometimes by cold, sometimes by
them.
repletion or fullness, sometimes by swell-
3. Such as congeal, neither draw out the ings, and sometimes by some of these joined
moisture, nor make it thick by adding dry- į together. I avoid terms of art as much as
ness to it, but contract it by vehement cold, I can, because it would profit my country
as water is frozen into ice.
but little, to give them the rules of physic
4. Hardness differs from all these, for the in such English as they understand not.
parts of the body swell, and are filled with I confess the opinion of ancient physi-
fegmatic humours, or melancholy blood, cians hath been various about these loosen-
which at last grows hard.
ing medicines. Galen's opinion was, that
That you may clearly understand this, they might be referred eitherto moistening, or
observe but these two things.
heating, or mollifying, or evacuating medi-
1. What it is which worketh.
cines, and therefore ought not to be referred
2. What it worketh upon.
to a chapter by themselves.
That which worketh is outwardly cold. It is likely they may, and so may all other
That which is wrought upon, is a certainį medicines be referred to heat, or coldness,
thickness and dryness, of humours, for if or dryness, or moisture: but we speak not
the humour were fluid as water is, it might here of the particular properties of medi-
properly be said to be congealed by cold, cines, but of their joined properties, as they
but not so properly hardened. Thus you heat and moisten.
see cold and dryness to be the cause of Others, they question how they can be dis-
hardening. This hardening being so far frontinguished from such as mollify, seeing such

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
389
as are loosening, and such as are emolient,
Their use is various, viz.
are buth of them hot and moist.
Use 1. That the bowels may be disbur-
To that, thus : stretching and loosening dened of corrupt humours.
are ascribed to the moveable parts of the 2. Outwardly used, by them the offend-
body, as to the muscles and their tendons, žing humour (I should have said the peccant
to the ligaments and Membrune ; but soft- humour, had I written only to scholars,) is
ness and hardness to such parts of the body called from the internal parts of the body
as may be felt with the hand: I shall make to the superfices.
clear by a similitude, Wax is softened, being 3. By them the crisis of a disease is much
hard, but Fiddle-strings are loosened being helped forward.
stretched. And if you say that the dif- 4. They are exceedingly profitable to draw
ference lying only in the parts of the body { forth poison out of the body.
is no true difference, then take notice, that 5. Parts of the body over cooled are
such medicines which loosen, are less hot, cured by these medicines, viz. by applying
and more moistening, than such as soften, ļthem outwardly to the place, not only be
for they operate most by heat, these by cause they heat, but also because they draw
moisture.
the spirits by which life and heat are
The truth is, I am of opinion the dif- cherished, to the part of the body which is
ference is not much, nay, scarce sensible, destitute of them : you cannot but know
between emolient and loosening medicines ; that many times parts of the body fall away
only I quoted this in a chapter by itself, in flesh, and their strength decays, as in
not so much because some authors do, as some persons arms or legs, or the like, the
because it conduceth to the increase of usual reason is, because the vital spirit
knowledge in physic, for want of which, this decays in those parts, to which use such
poor nation is almost spoiled.
plaisters or ointinents asare attractive (which
The chief use of loosening medicines is, is the physical term for drawing medicines)
in convulsions and cramps, and such like for they do not only cherish the parts by
infirmities which cause distention or stretch- their own proper heat, but draw the vital
ing.
and natural spirits thíther, whereby they
They are known by the very same marks are both quickened and nourished.
and tokens that emolient medicines are. They are known almost by the same
tokens that attenuating medicines are, see-
ing heat; and thinness of parts is in them
CHAPTER IV.
both, they differ only in respect of quantity,
Of drawing Medicines.
thinness of parts being most proper to at-
The opinion of physicians is, concerning tenuating medicines, but attractive medi-
these, as it is concerning other medicines, cines are hotter.
viz. Some draw by a manifest quality, some
by a hidden, and so (quoth they) they draw
to themselves both humours and thorns, or
CHAPTER V.
splinters that are gotten into the flesh; how-
Of discussive Medicines.
ever this is certain, they are all of them hot, The nature of discussing (or sweating)
and of thin parts ; hot because the nature medicines is almost the same with attractive,
of heat is to draw off thin parts that so they for there are no discussive medicines but
may penetrate to the humours that are toare attractive, nor scarce any attractive
to be drawn out.
medicine but is in some measure or other

390
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
discussing. The difference then is only
this; that discussive medicines are hotter
CHAPTER VI.
than attractive, and therefore nothing else
need be written of their nature.
Of repelling Medicines.
Use. Their use may be known even from Repelling medicines are of contrary
their very name; for diseases that come by { operation to these three last mentioned, viz.
repletion or fulness, are cured by evacution attenuating, drawing, and discussive medi-
or emptying; yet neither blood nor gross cines: It is true, there is but little difference
humours are to be expelled by sweating, or between these three, some hold none at all ;
insensible transpiration (as they call it) and if you will be so nice, you may oppose
but the one requires blood-letting, the other them thus. And so medicines making
purgation, but scrosus or thin humours and thick, correspond to attenuating inedicines,
filthy vapours, and such like superfluities, or such as make thin, repelling medicines
are to be expelled by sweat, and be wary are opposed to such as draw, and such as
in this too, for many of them work violently, { retain the humours and make them tough,
and violent medicines are not rashly to be are opposite to such as discuss, some hold
given.
this niceness needless.
Caution 2. Besides, swellingsaresometimes 2. The sentence of authors about repul-
made so hard by sweating medicines, that sive medicines is various.
afterwards they can never be cured ; for For seeing an influxion may be caused
what is thin being by such medicines taken many ways, a repulsive hath got as many
way, nothing but what is perfectly hard definitions.
remains : If you fear such a thing, mix For such things as cool, bind, stop, and
emolients with them.
make thick, stay influxions, and therefore
Caut. 3. Again, sometimes by using dis- repulsives are by authors opposed, not only
cussives, the humours offending (which { to attractives, but also to attenuating, and
physicians usually call the peccant humours) discussing medicines.
is driven to some more noble part of the But properly such things are called re-
body, or else it draws more than it dis- pulsives, which do not only stay influxions,
cussseth ; in such cases, concoct and at- | (for so do such medicines which stop and
tenuate the matter offending before you go make thick) but such as drive the humours
about to discuss it.
flowing to, or inherit in the place, to some
From hence may easily be gathered at other place.
what time of the disease discussive medi- The truth is, binding is inherent to repul-
cines are to be used, viz. about the declin- sives, so is not coldness nor making thick:
ing of the disease, although in diseases Yet such as are binding, cold and thin in
arising from heat of bood, we sometimes { operation, are most effectual.
use them in the encrease and state of them. Your taste will find repulsives to be, tart,
They are known by the same marks and' or sharp, or austere, with a certain binding
tokens attenuating medicines are, viz. by which contracts the tongue.
their burning and biting quality, they being Use 1. Their use is manifold, as in hot
very hot, and of thin parts, void of any tumours, head-aches, or the like.
biting quality, therefore they contract not Use 2. By these in fevers are the vapours
the tongue in tasting of them.
driven from the head, Vinegar of Roses is
notable.
Time of giving. They are most commo-

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
391
dious in the beginning and encrease of a Besides, of cleansing medicines, some are
disease, for then influxions most prevail. of a gentler nature, some are more vehement.
But seeing that in the cure of tumours
These are not known one and the same
there are two scopes, 1. That that which way; for some are sweet, some salt, and
flows to it may be repelled. 2. That that įsome bitter.
which is already in it may be discussed ; The use of cleansing is external, as the
repulsives are most commodiously used in use of purges are internal.
the beginning, discussives in the latter end. They are used to cleanse the sanies and
In the middle you may mix them, with other filth of ulcers, yea, and to consume
this proviso, that repulsives exceed in the and eat away the flesh itself, as burnt Alum,
beginning, discussives in the latter end. precipitate, &c.
Caution 1. If the matter offending be of When these must be used, not only the
a venomous quality, either abstain from re- effects of the ulcers, but also the tempera-
pulsives altogether, or use purging first, lest ture of the body will tell you.
the matter fly to the bowels and prove dan- For if you see either a disease of fulness,
gerous, especially if the bowels be weak. which our physicians call [Plethora) or cor-
2. Also forbear repulsives, if the pain be rupted humours which they call [Cacochyma]
great.
you must empty the body of these, viz.
3. Lastly, Have a care lest by repulsives {fulness by bleeding, and corrupt humours,
you contract the pores so much, that the or evil state of the body, by purging before
matter cannot be removed by discussives. you use cleansing medicines to the ulcer,
else your cure will never proceed prosper-
ously.
CHAPTER VII.
Of cleansing Medicines.
CHAPTER VIII.
Cleansing medicines can neither bedefined
by heat, nor coldness, because some of both
Of Emplasters.
sorts cleanse.
By Emplasters, here, I do mean things
A cleansing medicine, then, is of a ter- glutinative, and they are quite contrary to
rene quality, which takes away the filth { things cleansing.
with it, and carries it out.
They are of a far more glutinous and
Definition.] Here, to avoid confusion, a tenacious substance.
difference must be made between washing. They differ from things stopping because
and cleansing
they do not stop the pores so much, as stick
A thing which washeth, carries away by to them like Birdlime.
fuxion, as a man washeth the dirt off from a They have a certain glutinous heat, tem-
thing
pered both with coldness and moisture.
A cleansing medicine by a certain rough- From these plasters take their names.
ness or nitrous quality, carries away the Their taste is either none at all, or not
compacted filth with it.
discernable whether hot or cold, but fat,
This also is the difference between cleans- insipid, or without taste, or sweet, and vis-
ing and discussing medicines, the one makes cous in feeling.
thick humours thin, and so scatters them, Their use is to stop flowing of blood, and
but a cleansing medicine takes the most other fluxes, to cause suppuration, to con-
tenacious 'humour along with it, without tinue the heat, that so tumours may be
any alteration.
ripened. non son
(39, 40.)
5 H

392
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
Also they are mixed with other medi- į taste, for many things grateful to the taste
cines, that they may the better be brought į provokes vomiting, therefore why may not
into the form of an emplaster, an - may the contrary be?
stick the better to the members.
The most frequent use of suppuration is,
to ripen Phlegmone, a general term physi-
cians give to all swellings proceeding of
CHAPTER IX.
blood, because nature is very apt to help
Of suppuring Medicines.
such cures, and physic is an art to help,
These have a great affinity with emolients, not to hinder nature.
like to them in temperature, only emolients The tiine of use is usually in the height
are somewhat botter.
of the disease, when the flux is stayed, as
Yet is there a difference as apparent as also to ripen matter that it may be the
the sun when he is upon the meridian, and easier purged away.
the use is manifest. For,
Emolients are to make hard things soft,
CHAPTER X.
but what suppures, rather makes a genera-
tion than an alteration of the humour.
Of Medicines provoking urine.
Natural heat is the efficient cause of The causes by which urine is suppressed
suppuration, neither can it be done by any are many.
external means.
1. By too much drying, or sweating, it
Therefore such things are said to suppure, may be consumed.
which by a gentle heat cherish the inbred 2. By heat or inflammation of the reins,
heat of man.
or passages whereby it passes from the
This is done by such medicines which reins, it may be stopped by compression.
are not only temperate in heat, but also by Urine is the thinnest part of blood, sepa-
a gentle viscosity, fill up or stop the pores, įrated from the thickest part in the reins.
that so the heat of the part affected be not
If then the blood be more thick and vis-
scattered.
cous than ordinary, it cannot easily be sepa-
For although such things as bind hinderrated without cutting and cleansing medi-
the dissipation of the spirits, and internal cines.
heat, yet they retain not the moisture as This is for certain, that blood can neither
suppuring medicines properly and especially be separated nor distributed without heat.
do.
Yet amongst diureticks are some cold
The heat then of suppuring medicines is things, as the four greater cold seeds, Win-
like the internal heat of our bodies.
ter-cherries, and the like.
As things then very hot, are ingrateful Although this seem a wonder, yet it may
either by biting, as Pepper, or bitterness : {be, and doth stand with truth.
in suppuring medicines, no biting, no bind- For cool diureticks, though they further
ing, no nitrous quality is perceived by the not the separation of the blood one jot,
taste, (I shall give you better satisfaction yet they cleanse and purge the passages of
both in this and others, by and by.) the urine.
For reason will tell a man, that such things Diureticks then are of two sorts :
hinder rather than help the work of nature 1. Such as conduce to the separation of
in maturation.
the blood.
Yet it follows not from hence, that all 2. Such as open the urinal passages.
suppuring medicines are grateful to the The former are biting (and are known by
CONSE

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARG ED.
393
their taste) very hot and cutting, whence Let them not then exceed the first degree
they penetrate to the reins, and cut the unless the ulcer be very moist.
gross humours there.
Their difference are various, according
Bitter things, although they be very hot, to the part wounded, which ought to be
and cut gross humours, yet are they of a { restored with the same flesh.
more dry and terrene substance than is The softer then, and tenderer the place
convenient to provoke urine.
is, the gentler let the medicines be.
Hence then we may safely gather, that
bitter things are not so moist nor penetrat-
ing, as such as bite like Pepper.
CHAPTER XII.
Of glutinative Medicines.
CHAPTER XI.
That is the true cure of an ulcer which
Of Medicines breeding flesh.
joins the mouth of it together.
That is a glutinative medicine, which
There are many things diligently to be
observed in the cures of wounds and ulcers, couples together by drying and binding,
the sides of an ulcer before brought together.
which incur and hinder that the cure cannot
be speedily done, nor the separated parts than the former, not only to consume what
These require a greater drying faculty
reduced to their natural state.
Viz. Fluxes of blood, inflarnmation, flesh, for liquid flesh is more subject to flow
flows out, but what remains liquid in the
hardness, pain, and other things besides our
abroad than stick to together.
present scope.
The time of using them, any body may
Our present scope is, to shew how the
know without teaching, viz. when the ulcer
cavity of ulcers may be filled with flesh.
is cleansed and filled with flesh, and such
Such medicines are called Sarcoticks.
symptoms as hinder are taken away.
This, though it be the work of nature,
yet it is helped forward with medicines, that the sanies, or fords that lie in them
For many times ulcers must be kept open
that the blood may be prepared, that it may
may be purged out, whereas of themselves
the easier be turned into flesh.
These are not medicines which breed they would heal before.
Only beware, lest by too much binding
good blood, nor which correct the intem-
perature of the place afflicted, but which you cause pain in tender parts,
defend the blood and the ulcer itself from
corruption în breeding flesh.
CHAPTER XIII.
For nature in breeding flesh produceth
of excrements, viz.
Of Medicines resisting poison.
humours, and purulent dross.
Such medicines are called Alexiteria, and
Those medicines then which cleanse and Alexipharmaca, which resist poison.
consume, these by drying are said to breed Some of these resist poison by astral in-
flesh, because by their helps nature per- {fluence, and some physicians (though, but:
forms that office.
few) can give a reason for it..
Also take notice that these medicines are These they have sorted into three ranks ::
not so drying that they should consume the 1. Such as strengthen nature, that so it
blood also as well as the sanies, nor so cleans-may tame the poison the easier.
ing that they should consume the flesh, with 2. Such as oppose the poison by a con
the dross,
trary quality.
two sorts
scrosus

394
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
of!
3. Such as violently thurst it out If thou dost but observe the nature and
doors.
motion of the venom, that will be thy best
Such as strengthen nature against poison, instructor.
either do it to the body universally, or else In the stomach it requires vomiting, in
strengthen some particular part thereof. the blood and spirits, sweating, if the body
For many times one particular part of} be plethoric, bleeding, if full of evil humours,
the body is most afflicted by the poison, purging.
suppose the stomach, liver, brain, or any Lastly, The cure being ended, strengthen
other part : such as cherish and strengthen the parts afflicted.
those parts, being weakened, may be said to
resist poison.
Such as strengthen the spirits, strengthen
CHAPTER XIV.
all the body.
Sometimes poisons kill by their quality,
Of purging Medicines.
and then are they to be corrected by their
Much jarring hath been amongst phy-
contraries.
They which kill by cooling are to be whether they draw the humours to them by
sicians about purging medicines, namely,
remedied by heating, and the contrary ;
they which kill by corroding, are to be a hidden quality, which in plain English is,
cured by lenitives, such as temper their they know not how; or whether they per-
form their office by manifest quality, viz.
acrimony.
Those which kill by induration, or coa-
by heat, dryness, coldness, or moisture:
gulation, require cutting medicines.
it is not my present scope to enter the lists
of a dispute about the business, neither
Also because all poisons are in motion,
neither stay they in one till they have seized seem it such an hidden thing to me that
and oppressed the fountain of life, therefore every like should draw its like, only to
they have invented another faculty to stay divide this chapter into these following
make the matter as plain as I can, I sub-
their motion, viz. terrene and emplastic.
For they judge, if the poison light upon
these medicines, they embrace them round 1. Cautions concerning purging.
with a viscous quality.
2. Of the choice of purging medicines.
Also they say the ways and passages are 3. Of the time of taking them.
stopped by such means, to hinder their pro- 4. Of the correcting of them.
ceeding; take Terra Lemnia for one.
5. Of the manner of purging.
Truly if these reasons be good, which I
leave to future time to determine, it
be
may
Cautions concerning purging.
done for little cost.
In this, first consider diligently, and be
Some are of opinion that the safest way exceeding cautious in it too, what the matter
is to expel the poison out of the body, so offending is, what part of the body
af-
soon as may be, and that is done by vomit,{flicted by it, and which is the best way to
or purge, or sweat.
bring it out.
You need not question the time, but do Only here, by the way, first, have a care of
it as soon as may be; for there is no parly- giving vomits, for they usually work more
ing with poison.
violently, and afflict the body more than
Let vomiting be the first, purging the next, purges do, therefore are not fit for weak
and sweating the last. This is general. But, bodies ; be sure the matter offending lie in
parts.

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
395
given in vain.
the tunicle of the stomach, else is a vomitable to determine, it being very well known
to modern physicians, though the ancients
Vomits are more dangerous for women denied it, that many cold medicines purge.
than men, especially such as are either with There is this faculty in all the purges of
child, or subject to the fits of the mother. Galen’s model, (because he gives the whole
What medicine is appropriated to the simple which inust needs consist of divers
purging of such a humour, for seeing the qualities, because the creation is made up of
offending matter is not alike in all, the and consists by an harmony of contraries)
purging medicine ought not to be the same there is (I say) this faculty in all purges of
to all. I shall speak more of this anon. that nature, that they contain in them a
As also of the divers ways whereby medi- substance which is inimical both to the
cines draw out or cast out humours, viz. stomach and bowels, and some are of
by lenifying, cleansing, provoking nature opinion this doth good, namely, provokes
to expulsion, and (which is stranger than nature the more to expulsion; the reason
the doctor's hidden quality) some purge by might be good if the foundation of it were
binding, but indeed, and in truth, such as so, for by this reason nature herself should
are properly called purging medicines, purge, not the medicine, and a physician
which, besides these faculties, have gotten should help nature in her business and not
another, by which they draw or call out hinder her. But to forbear being critical,
the humours from the most remote parts of ý thís substance which I told you was inimi-
the body, whether these do it by heat or by cal to the stomach, must be corrected in
an hidden quality, physicians are scarce every purge,
CUL PEPER'S LAST LEGACIES.
Select Medicinal Aphorisms and Receipts, for many diseases our frail
natures are incident to.
1. A general Caution.
would keep your brain clear, keep your
LET such as love their heads or brains, stomach clean.
either forbear such things as are obnoxious 3. For a rheum in the Head, and the Palsy.
to the brain, as Garlick, Leeks, Onions, Take a red Onion, and bruise it well,
beware of surfeiting and drunkenness. and boil it in a little Verjuice, and put
2. To purge the Head.
thereto a little clarified honey, and a great
The head is purged by Gargarisms, of spoonful of good Mustard, when it is well
which Mustard, in my opinion, is excel-boiled, raise the sick upright, and let him
lent, and therefore a spoonful of Mustard receive the smell up his nose twice a day,
put into the mouth, is excellent for one that whilst it is
very
hot.
is troubled with the lethargy: also the head 4. For a rheum in the Head.
is purged by sneezing; but be sure if you Boil Pimpernel well in Wine, and drink
(39, 40.)
5 1

396
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
FOR THE EYES, AND THEIR IMPEDIMENTS.
a draught of the Wine in the evening, hot, FOR THE EARS, AND THEIR IMPEDIMENTS.
but in the morning cold.
13. For pain in the Ears.
5. Another.
Drop a little oil of sweet Almonds into
Stew Onions in a close pot, and bathe the the ear, and it easeth the pain instantly:
head and mouth, and nose therewith. (and yet oil of bitter Almonds is our doctor's
6. For the falling off of the Hair. common remedy.)
Beat Linseeds very well, and mix them 14. For an imposthume in the Ear.
with Sallad-oil; and when you have well Boil some milk, and put it into a stone
mixed them, anoint the head therewith, and pot with a narrow mouth, and hold the sore
in three or four times using it will help you. ear over the pot whilst the milk is very hot,
7. To purge the Head.
that the vapour of the milk may ascend into
Chew the root of Pellitory of Spain, and the ear: this is an often approved remedy
chew it on both sides of thy mouth, and as to take away the pain, and break the im-
the rheum falls down into thy mouth, spit it posthume.
out, but retain the root there still, till you FOR THE NOSE, AND ITS INFIRMITIES.
think the head is purged enough for that 15. For Polypus; or a fleshy substance groro-
time.
ing in the Nose.
Take the juice of Ivy, and make a tent
with a little cotton, the which dip in the
8. For Eyes that are blasted. juice and put it up in the nostril.
Only wear a piece of black Sarcenet be-
16. To cleanse the Nose.
fore thy eyes, and meddle with no medi- Snuff up the juice of red Beet-root; it
cine; only forbear wine and strong drink. will cleanse not only the nose, but also the
9. An excellent water to clear the Sight. head, this is a singular remedy for such as
Take of Fennel, Eyebright, Roses, white, are troubled with hard congcaled stuff in
Celandine, Vervain and Rue, of each a their nostrils.
handful, the liver of a Goat chopt small, in- 17. For bleeding at the Nose.
fuse them well in Eyebright-water, then dis- Bind the arms and legs as hard as you
til them in an alembic, and you shall have a can with a piece of tape-ribboning ; that,
water will clear the sight beyond comparison. perhaps, may call back the blood.
10. For a hurt in the Eye with a stroke.
18. For a Canker in the Nose.
Take Agrimony, and bruise it very well, Boil strong ale till it be thick, if the Can-
and temper it with white Wine, and the } ker be in the outside of the nose, spread it
white of an egg: spread it pretty thick as a plaster, and apply it; if in the inside,
upon a cloth, like a plaster, and apply it make a tent of a linen rag, and put it up
to the outside of the eye lid, and, although { the nostril.
it be almost out, it will cure it.
19. Another for the Polypus.
11. To draw rheum back from the Eyes. The water of Adder's-tongue snuffed up
Take an egg and roast it hard, then pull the nose, is very good: but it were better, in
off the shell, and slit it in two, and apply it {my opinion, to keep a rag continually
hot to the nape of the neck, and thou shalt / moistened with it in the nose.
find ease presently.
20. For bleeding at the Nose.
12. For the web 'in the Eye. Take Amber and bruise into gross powder
Take the gall of a hare, and clarified put it upon a chafing-dish of coals, and re-
honey, of each equal proportions: mix ceivethe smoke upinto the nose with a funnel.
them together, and lay it to the web.
21. Another.
rut
When no other means will stop the

AND ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED.
397
OF THE GUMS, AND THEIR INFIRMITIES.
OF THE TEETH, AND THEIR MEDICINES.
bleeding at the nose, it has been known
that it hath been stopped by opening a
29. For a Scurvy in the gums.
vein in the ear.
Take Cloves, and boil them in Rose-
water, then dry them, and beat them to
OF THE MOUTH, AND ITS DISEASES.
powder, and rub the gums with the powder,
22. A Caution.
and drink the decoction in the morning
Whosoever would keep their mouth, or fasting an hour after it. Use red Rose-
tongue, or nose, or eyes, or ears, or teeth, water, for that is the best.
from pain or infirmities, let them often use 30. For rotting and consuming of the gums.
sneezing, and such gargarisms as they were Take Sage-water, and wash your mouth
instructed in a preceding chapter; for, in- with it every morning, and afterwards rub
deed, most of the infirmities, if not all, which your mouth with a Sage-leaf.
infest those parts, proceed from rheum. OF THE FACE, AND ITS INFIRMITIES.
23. For extreme heat of the Mouth.
31. The cause.
Take Rib-wort, and boil it in red Wine, It is palpable, that the cause of redness
and hold the decoction as warm in your and breaking out of the face, is a venomous
mouth as you can endure it.
matter, or filthy vapours ascending from
24. For a Canker in the Mouth. the stomach towards the head; where
Wash the mouth often with Verjuice. meeting with a rheum or flegm thence des-
cending, mix with it, and break out in
the face. Therefore let the first intention of
25. A Caution.
cure be to cleanse the stomach.
If you will keep your teeth from rotting,
32. Caution negative.
oraching, wash your mouth continually every Let such as are troubled with red faces,
morning with juice of Lemons, and after- abstain from salt meats, salt fish and her-
wards rub your teeth either with a Sage-leaf, frings, drinking of strong beer, strong waters
or else with a little Nutmeg in powder; also or Wine, Garlick, Onions, and Mustard.
wash your mouth with a little fair water 33. For a face full of red pimples.
after meats; for the only way to keep
Dissolve Camphire in Vinegar, and mix
teeth sound, and free from pain, is to keep it, and the Vinegar with Celandine-water,
them clean.
and wash the face with it: this cured a
26. To keep Teeth white.
maid in twenty days, that had been trou-
Dip a little piece of white cloth in Vine- }bled with the infirmity half so many years
gar of Quinces, and rub your guins with it, |34. To take away the marks of the small por.
for it is of a gallant binding quality, and
Take the juice of Fennel, heat it luke-
not only makes the teeth white, but also warm, and when the small Pox are well
strengthens the gums, fastens the teeth, and scabbed, anoint the face with it divers times
also causeth a sweet breath.
in a day, three or four days together.
27. To fasten the Teeth.
OF THE THROAT, AND ITS INFIRMITIES.
Seethe the roots of Vervain in old Wine,
35. A caution.
and wash your teeth often with them, and it Diseases in the throat, most commonly
will fasten them.
proceed of rheum descending from the head
28. For the Tooth-ache.
upon the trachea arteria, or wind-pipe; in
Take the inner rind of an Elder-tree, and such cases there is many times no other
bruise it, and put thereto a little Pepper, and cure than first to purge the body of flegm,
make it into balls, and hold them between and then the head of rheum, as you were
the teeth that ache.
taught in the first chapter.

398
THE COMPLETE HERBAL
sugar in it.
36. For hoarseness.
43. Another.
Take of sugar so much as will fill a com- Let such as have weak stomachs, avoid
mon taster, then put so much rectified spirit all sweet things, as honey, sugar, and the
of Wine to it as will just wet it, eat this up like; milk, cheese and all fat meats : let
at night going to bed, use this three or four him not eat till he is hungry, nor drink be-
times together.
fore he is dry; let him avoid anger, sadness,
37. Another.
much travel, and all fryed meats : let him
If the body be feverish, use the former not vomit by any means, nor eat when he is
medicine as before, only use Oil of sweet}hot.
Almonds, or for want of it, the best Salled- 44. For moisture of the Stomach.
oil instead of spirit of Wine.
Take a drachm of Galanga, in powder,
38. Another.
every morning in a draught of that Wine
Take Penny-royal, and seethe it in runn- you like best.
ing water, and drink a good draught of the 45. For heat of the Stomach.
decoction at night going to bed, with a little Swallow four or five grains of Mastich
every night going to bed.
39. For the Quinsey.
OF THE LIVER, AND ITS INFIRMITIES.
Take notice that bleeding is good in all
inflammations, therefore in this.
46. A caution.
It were very convenient that a syrup, and
If the liver be too hot, it usually proceeds
an ointment of Orpine were always ready from too much blood, and is known by
in the house for such occasions ; for I know ; redness of urine, the pulse is swift, the veins
no better remedy for the Quinsey, than to great and full, the spittle, mouth, and tongue,
drink the one, and anoint the throat with the seem sweeter than they used to be: the cure
other.
is letting blood in the right arm.
OF WOMEN'S BREASTS, THEIR INFIRMITIES 47. To cause the Liver well to digest.
Take Oil of Wormwood, and so much
40. For sore Breasts.
Mastich in powder as will make it into a
Take a handful of Figs, and stamp them poultice, lay it warm to your right side.
well till the kernels are broken, then temper
48. A caution.
them with a little fresh grease, and apply If the liver be stopped, the face will swell
,
them to the breast as hot as the patient can and you shall be as sure to have a pain in
endure; it will presently take away the your right side, as though you had it there
anguish, and if the breast will break, it will already.
break it, else it will cure it without breaking. 49. For stoppage of the Liver.
41. An inward medicine for a sore Breast. Use Garden-thyme in all your drinks and
Let her drink either the juice or decoc- broaths, it will prevent stoppages before
tion of Vervain : it were fit that syrup were they come, and cure them after they are
made of it to keep all the year.
come.
OF THE STOMACH, AND ITS INFIRMITIES.
50. For the liver.
42. A caution.
The liver of a Hare dryed, and beaten
Infirmities of the stomach usually proceed into powder, cures all the diseases of the
from surfeiting
liver of man
AND CURES.
FINIS.
L HADDON, Printer, Tabernacle Walk, London,

GENERAL INDEX
TO THE
ENGLISH PHYSICIAN ENLARGED,
AND
GALENS KEY TO PHYSIC.
Adder's Tongue, or Serpent's Bed-straw, Ladies, 19
Carraway, 42
Tongue, 3
Beech Tree, 23
Carrots, 41, 221
Agrimony, 4
Beets, 20
Celandine, 42
Water, 5
Beets, black, white, and red, 219
lesser, 44
Alder Tree, the black, 6
Betony, Water, 21
Celandine, the greater and lesser,
the common, 7
Wood, ib.
220
Alehoof, or Ground-Ivy, 5
Bifoil, or Twoblade, 24
Centaury, crdinary small, 44
Alexander, 6
Bilberries, Whorts, or Whortle Centaury the greater, 219
Alkanet, 3, 218
berries, 23
Cerecloths, 366
All-Heal, 2
Birch Tree, 24
Chamelion, white and black, 220
Amara Dulcis, 1
Bird's Foot, 24
Cherries, Winter, 45
Amaranthus, 9
Birth wort, 218
Cherry-Tree, 45
Anemone, 9
Bishop's-Weed, 25
Chervil, 46
Angelica, 8, 218
Bistort, or Snakeweed, 25, 219
Sweet, or Sweet Cicely, 47
Anthoræ, 218
Blade, One, 26
Chesnut-Tree, 47
Archangel, 11
Blites, 27
Chesnuts, Earth, ib.
Arrach, garden, 10
Blue Bottle, 28
Chickweed, 48
wild and stinking, 10
Borrage, 219
Chick-pease, or Cicers, ib.
Ars-smart, 12
Borrage and Bugloss, 28
China, 220
Artichokes, 88, 221
Bramble, or Blackberry Bush, 27 Cinquefoil, 224
Asarabacca, 13, 218
Brank Ursine, 29
Cinquefoil, or Five-leaved Grass, 49
Ash Tree, 14, 222
Briony, or Wild Vine, 30
Cives, 50
Asparagus, 213
Briony, white and black, 219 Clary, or Clear Eye, 50
prickly, 14
Brooklime, or Water Pimpernel, 31 - Wild, 51
or Sperage, 218 Broom and Broom-rape,
32
Cleavers, 51
Asphodel, Female, or King's Spear, Buck's born Plantain, 33
Clown's Woodwort, 52
218
ib.
Cock's Head, Red Fitching, or Me-
Male, 219
Bugle, 33
dick Fetch, 52
Avens, Colewort, or Herb Bonet, | Bugloss, 219
Colewort, 219
15
Bulbus Vomitorius, 219
Coleworts, Sea, ib.
Avens, or Herb Bennet, 219 Bur, Clot-bur, or Burdock, 219 Coltsfoot, 53
Balm, 215
Burdock, 36
Columbines, 53
Barks, 259
Burnet, 35, 224, 226
Comfrey, 54, 220
appropriated to parts of the Butcher's Broom, 31
Compounds, Spirit and Compound
body, 259
Butter-bur, 224
Distilled Waters, 283
Barberry, 16
Butter-bur, or Petasitis, 35 Conserves, 206
Barks, 202
Cabbages and Coleworts, 37 Conserves and Sugars, 315
Barks, 227
Calamint, or Mountain Mint, 38 Coralwort, 54
Barley, 16
Caltrops, Water, 39, 226
Costmary, or Alecost, or Balsam
Bay Tree, 18, 223
Cammock, or Rest-harrow, 223
Herb, 55
Bazil
, garden, or Sweet Bazil, 18 Camomile, 39
Costus, both sorts, 220
Beans, 18
Campion, Wild, 40
Cowslips, or Peagles, 56
Beans, French, 19
Caper Roots, 219
Crabs Claws, 57
Bearsbreach, or Brankursine, 217 Carduus Benedictus, 41
Creatures, Living, 252

GENERAL INDEX.
man, 267
Creatures part of Living, and Ex- | Flax-weed, or Toad Flax, 76 Herbs or Trees, of the leaves of, 200
crements, 253
Flea-Wort, 77
and their Leaves, 229
Cresses, black, 57
Flower-de-Luce, 78
Hermodactils, 222
Sciatica, ib.
Flowers, 200, 247
Holly, Holm, or Hulver Bush, 99
Water, 58
-- 264
Hops, 95
Crosswort, 53
appropriated to certain Horehound, 96
Crowfoot, 59
parts of the body, 265
Horsetail, 97
Cuckow Point, ib.
Fluellin, or Lluellin, 79
Hound's Tongue, 98, 221
Cuckow-points, or Wake-robin, 218 Fluxweed, 78
Houseleek, or Sengreen, 97
Cucumber roots, wild, 221
,
Cucumbers, 61
Fruits, 267
Jacinths, 222
Cudweed, or Cotton-weed, 56
appropriated to the body of John's Wort, St. 99
Daisies, 61, 219
Ivy, 99
Dandelion, vulgarly called Piss-a- by their several operations, Juniper Bush, 100
beds, 62
bind, &c. 268
Juices, 202, 252
Darnel, 62
purging, 268
Juleps, 204
Decoctions, 204, 293
and their buds, 248 Kidney Wort, or Wall Penny-royal,
Devil's Bit, 63, 223
Fuller's Thistle, 223
or Wall Penny-wort, 101
Dill, 63
Fumitory, 80
Knapweed, 102
Distilled Waters, Simples, 278 Furze Bush, 81
Knotgrass, ib.
being di- Galanga, or Galingal, 222 Knee-holly, or Butcher's-broom, or
gested before hand, 278 Galanga, English, long and round, Bruscus, 225
Dittany, 221
221
Ladies' thistles, 226
Dock, 64
Galen's Method of Physic, Key to,
Mantle, 103
Dodder of Thyme, Epithymun, &c.
376
Lavender, ib.
64
Garlick, 82, 218, 227
Cotton, 104
Dog's Grass or Cough Grass, 65 Gentian, 222
Leeks, 225
Doronicum, 221
Gentian, Felwort, or Baldmony, 82 | Lettice, 223
Dove's-Foot, or Crane’s-Bill, 66 Germander, 83
Lettuce, 104
Down or Cotton Thistle, 67 Gilliflowers, Clove, 83
Lilies, Water, 223
Dracunculi, 221
Ginger, 227
Lilies, White, 106, 223
Dragons, 67
Gladon, Stinking, 226
Lily, Water, 105
Dropwort, 222
Gladwin, Stinking, 84
of the Valley, ib.
Duck's Meat, 66
Golden Rod, 85
Liquorice, 106, 222
Dwarf Elder, Walwort, or Dane-Gooseberry Bush, 86
Liverwort, 107
wort, 221
Gout-wort, or Herb Gerrard, 85 Lolochs, 208
Elder, 225
Grass, 222
Loosestrife, or Willow-herb, 107
Elder Tree, 67
Green, Winter, 86
with spiked heads of flow-
Dwarf, 67
Gromel, 85
ers,
ib.
Elecampane, 69, 221
Groundsel, 87
Lovage, 108, 223
Electuaries, 205
Gums, Rozins, Balsams, and Juices, Lungwort, 109
Electuaries, 324
270
Madder, 109, 225
purging, 331
Hart's Tongue, 88
Maidenhair, 110
Elm Tree, 68
Hawk-weed, 88
white, or Wall Rue, ib.
Emplasters, 991
Hawthorn, 90
Golden, ib.
Endive, 69
Hazel-Nut, 89
Mallows, 223
Endive, Garden Endive, 221 Heart's Ease, 88
Mandrakes, ib.
Eringo, or Sea Holly, 70, 222 Heart's-ease, or Pansies, 226 Maple Tree, 112
Eyebright, 71
Hedge Hyssop, 92
Marigolds, 114
Fennel 73, 222
Hellebore, black, 93
Marjoram, wind, 112
Sow, or Hog's Fennel, 47 Hellebore, white and black, 221
Fern, 71
Hemlock, 90
Marsh-mallows, 218
Water, or Osmond Royal, 72 Hemp, 91
Masterwort, 114 223 224
Male and Female, 222 Henbane, 91
Maudlin, Sweet 114
of the Oak, 224
Herb Robert, 94
Mead-sweet, 227
Feverfew, or Fetherfew, 72
sweet, 113
PO
True-Love, or One Berry, 94 Mechracah, 223
Fig-wort, 226
Herbs, 260
Medicines, method of mixing, 210
Fig-wort, or Throat-Wort, 74
appropriated to certain parts
on the Temperature of,
Fig Tree, 75
of the body of man, 262
376
Filipendula, or Drop-Wort, 75
altering according to pro-
Temprate, 377
Flag, Yellow Water, or Flower-de-
perty, 263
Luce, 76
purging, 264
Hot in the first degree, ib.
Hot, ib.

GENERAL INDEX.
系
​Medicines, hot in the second degree, | Motherwort, 121
378
Mouse-ear, 122
fourth degree, Mugwort, 122
ib.
Mulberry Tree, 123, 223
fourth degree, Mullein, ib.
ib.
Mustard, 124
Cooling, 378
Hedge, 125
cool in the first degree, Nailwort, or Whitlow-grass, 126
379
Nep, or Catmint, ib.
second and Nettles, 127, 227
third degree, ib.
Nightshade, 128
cold in the fourth degree, Oak, 128
379
Oats, 129
moistening, ib.
Oils, 205
drying, ib.
Oils, 353
of the appropriation of Simple Oils by expression, ib.
the several parts of the body,
Infusion and Decoc-
380
tion, 354
appropriated to the Head, Compound Oils by infusion
ib.
and decoction, 355
Brain, ib.
Ointments, 208
Eyes, ib.
Ointments, more simple, 358
Mouth and Nose, 382
more compound, 362
Ears, ib.
One Blade, ib.
Teeth, ib.
Onions, 139, 220
Breast and lungs, ib. Orchis, 129
Heart, 383
Orpine, ib.
Stomach, 384 Orris, or Flower-de-luce, 222
Liver, 385
Parsley, 131
Spleen, ib.
Piert, or Parsley Break-
Reins & Bladder, 386 stone, ib.
Womb, ib.
Parsnips, 132
Joints, ib.
Cow, ib.
Propriety or opera-
garden and wild, 224
ton of, 387
Peach Tree, 133
Hardening, ib. Pear Tree, 134
Loosening, 388 Pellitory, of Spain, 134, 225
Drawing, 389
of the Wall, 135
Discussive, ib. Peony, male and female, 224
Repelling, 390 Penny royal, 136
Cleansing, 391 Peony, male and female, 137
Suppuring, 392 Pepperwort, or Dittander, 138
Provoking urine, ib. Periwinkle, 138
Breeding flesh, 393 Peter's Wort, St. 139
Glutinative, ib. Pimpernel, 139
Resisting poison, ib. Physic, a Key to Galen's Method of,
Purging, 304
376
Medlar, 115
the general use of, ib.
Melilot, or King's Claver, 115
of the temperature, ib.
Mercury, French and Dog, 116 Pills, 209, 339
Dog, ib.
Pine, Ground, 140
Metals, Minerals, and Stones, 254 Plaisters, 208, 367
Metals, Stones, Salts, and other Plantain, 141, 224
Minerals, 276
Plants, things bred from, 252
Mints, 117
Plums, 142
Misselto, 118
Polypody of the Oak, 142
Mithridate Mustard, 182
"Poplar Tree, 143
Money-wort, or Herb Two-pence, Poppy, 144
119
Poultices, 209
Monks Rhubarb, 225
Preserved Roots, Stalks, Barks,
Moonwort, 120
Flowers, Fruits, 914
Mosses, 120
Preserves, 206
Primroses, 146
Privet, 146, 218
Purslain, 146
Queen of the Meadows, or Meadow
Sweet, 147
Quince Tree, 148
Radishes, garden and wild, 225
Ragwort, 149
Rest-Harrow, or Camonack, 150
Rattle Grass, 150
Receipts, General Caution, 395
to purge the Head, ib.
for a Rheum in the Head,
and the Palsy, ib.
ib. 396.
for the falling off of the
Hair, ib.
to purge the Head, ib.
for Eyes that are blasted,
ib.
Excellent Water to clear
the Sight, ib.
for a hurt in the Eye with
a stroke, ib.
to draw Rheum back from
the Eyes, ib.
for a Web in the Eye, ib.
pain in the Ears, ib.
au Imposthume in the
Ear, ib.
Polypus, or a fleshy sub-
stance growing in the Nose, ib.
bleeding at the Nose, ib.
a Canker in the Nose,
ib.
another for the Polypus,
ib.
extreme heat of the
Mouth, 397
a Canker in the Mouth,
ib.
to keep Teeth white, ib.
fasten the Teeth, ib.
for the Tooth-ache, ib.
Scurvy in the Gums, ib.
rotting and consuming
of the Gums, ib.
the cause of Infirmities in
the Face, ib.
for a Face full of red pim-
ples, ib.
to take away the marks of
the Small Pox, ib.
caution concerning the
Infirmities of the Throat, ib.
for Hoarseness, 398
the Quinsey, ib.
Sore Breasts, ib.
inward Medicine
for, ib.
Moisture of the Stomach
ib.

GENERAL INDEX.
Receipts for the heat of the Stomach, | Self-heal, 170
Tormentil, 226
ib.
Service Tree, 171
Tormentil, or Septfoil, 184
to cause the Liver well to Seseli, or Hartwort, 226
Treacle Mustard, 181
digest, ib.
Shepherd's Purse, 171
Trefoil, 226
a Caution, ib.
Sloe-bush, or Sloe-tree, 225 [refoil, Meadow, or Honey-suckles,
a stoppage of the Liver ib. Smallage, 171, 218
185
the Liver, ib.
Solomon's Seal, 163, 225
Heart, 186
Reed, Aromatical, 219
Sope-wort, or Bruise-wort, 172
Pearl, ib.
Reeds, common and sugar, 218 Sorrel, ib.
Troches, 209, 346
Rhadish, or Horse Rhadish, 148
Wood, ib.
Turbith, 226
Rhapontick, or Rhubarb of Pontus, Sow Thistles, 173
Turmerick, 221
225
Southerr-wood, ib.
Turnsole, or Heliotropium, 224.
Rhubarb, 225
Sorrel, 223
Tustan, or Park Leaves, 186
Rhubarb, or Réphontic, 156 Sowbread, 218
Valerian, white and red, 219
Monk's, or garden Sow-thistles, 226
Valerian, or Setwell, greater and
Patience, 157
Species, or Powders, 317
lesser, 224
Bastard, or great Round. Spignel, 223
Valerian, garden, 186
leared Dock, ib.
Spignel, or Spikenard, 174
Vervain, 187
Rocket, 151
Spikenard, 223
Vine, 188
Winter, or Cresses, 152 Spleenwort, Ceterach, or Hart's Vinegars, Physical, 292
Roots, 201, 217, 256
Tongue, ib.
Violets, 188
Temperature of, 257 Spurge, greater and lesser, 222 Viper's Bugloss, 189
appropriated to several Spurge, Ölive, or Widow-wail, 229 Viper's Bugloss, or Wild Buglogs,
parts of the body, 258 Squils, 226
221
properties of, ib.
Star-Thistle, 175
Viper's Grag, 226
Rosa Solis, or Sun Dew, 155. Stone-Crop, Prick-Madam, or small | Wall Flowers, or Winter Gill-.
Rosemary, ib.
Houseleek, 177
flowers, 190
Rose Root, 225
Strawberries, 175
Walnut Tree, ib.
Roses, 152
Swallow-wort, 218, 227
Water-flag or Flower de-luce, 218
Rue, Meadow, 158
Suceory, 220
Waters, distilled, 202
Garden, 159
Succory, or Chicory, 176
Weld, Wold, or Dyer's Weed, 191
Rupture-wort, 160
Sugars, 916
Wheat, 192
Rushes, 161
Sulphur-wort, Hogs-fennel, or Hore- ] Willow Tree, ib.
Rye, ib.
strange, 224
Wines, Physical, 291
Saffron, Meadow, 220
Syrups, 203, 294
Wood, 199, 223
Saffron, 161
altering, 294
Woodbine, or Honey Suckles, ib.
Sage, 162
purging, 305
Woods, 260
Wood, ib.
made with Vinegar and
Woods, and their Chips or Rapea
Samphire, 164
Honey, 308
ings, 229
Sanicle, ib.
Tamaris, 226
Wormwood, 194
Saracen's Confound, or Saracen's Tamarisk Tree, 178
Yarrow, Nose-bleed, Milfoil, oi
Wound-wort, 165
Tansie, 226
Thousand Leaf, 198
Sarsaparilla, or Bind-weed, 225 Tansy, garden, 178
Zedoary, or Setwall, 227
Satyrion, 226
Tansy, Wild, or Silver Weed, 179
Sauce-alone, or Jack by the Hedge-Tears, Liquors, and Rosins, 251
Side, 165
Teazle, 229
Savine, 166
Thistles, 179
Savory, Winter and Summer, ib.
Melancholy, 180
Saxifrage, the common white, 167
our Lady's, ib.
Burnet, ib.
Woollen, or Cotton, 181
white, or Lady-Smocks,
Fuller's, or Teasle, ib.
226
Thorn, black, or Sloe Bush, 182
Scabious, ib.
Thorough Wax, or Thorough Leaf,
Scabious, three sorts, 161
183
Scirrets, 226
Throat-wort, 226
Scordium, or Water-Germander, ib. Thyme, 123
Scurvygrass, 169
Wild, or Mother of Thyme,
Sea, things belonging to the, 254
ib.
Seeds, 201
Tinctures, 290
or, Grains, 249, 268
Toad-stools, 226
according to their operation, Tobacco, English, 177
bind, &c. 269
Toothwort, 221

Zules
les
Bifoule.
Dwihers broom.
Pusil.
26
Baren Wut.
Birls out.
Theiler lichen
會
​cool
Beels
Bistort or Snulectrccd.
Little telanudine.
Buluin llanturin
Dudle.
Layla Prokopter 117 is spillid

en
a
a
n
hin
th stays
UNIL
OF
mich

Plate 4
Brooklime.
Broom.
Balm,
Broomrape. .
X
Barnet Saxafrage
Brank Ursine,
Ladies Bedstraw.
Buckbean.
Kidney or French Bean,
TI Bishops Weed.
The Bay Tree
X
Bistort.
London Published by Thomas Kelly, Paternoster Row.

OF
сн.
MIC
)

Plate 5.
Cassia Fistula.
Cross Wort.
Common Female Cistus.
Scrahua Cresu.
byt
Coral Iree.
Common Male Cistus.
Currants.
Cedar Tree.
Corat.
Fine Lear,"Cresses.
Cubebs.
Broad Lear. d Crows foot,
London. Published by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row .

UNIL
CH
02
0

Plate 6
Crabs Claws.
Cypress.
Cowslip.
Cuckow Pint.
Cudweed.
Capers.
Water Cresses
Cockle,
Cucumbers.
Coffee
Black Cresses.
Costmary.
London Published by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

OF

Tale 7
ur
Coloquintila
V
White Datiodil.
.
Dandelion.
toryander:
Cornal Tree.
Cypreſs Tree
Darnel.
Daiscy.
Derils Pit.
1
Doos orals
Doch.
noun or Cotton histle.
Tenulan/ublistwed by disho lans"Ilhitas hou. Spitaliilds

UNIL
OF
MIC
c

Tlate &
YEL
non
Din
Dorcs Toot.
Teltow Daffodill.
runch Dorn.
Dunch Doun.
Milaninum er landly
Druns.
Narrow Leared Eyebright.
Double Tongue.
Znilirc.
The liten Elm.
Great flowered Erysimmum.
Eringo.
Tonton Inblishalby kuh? Avans/hits Rou: Spilutilus.

UNIG
mier

т
OF
МІ

Plate 9.
R
Euphorbium.
Water Elder:
Elecampane.
Eglantine.
3
Pleeft
Common Female Fern.
Feverfew.
Dwart Sea Fern,
Elder
&
Fennell.
Fig Tree.
Water Flag
Corner Teavd Flullin.
London Published by T. Keity, Paternoster Row.

Plate 10
2 키
​Filipendula.
Fumitory.
Short leava Toad Flax.
Feawort.
འདྲི་
Round leava Fuellin.
Eringo
Common Figwort.
Sow Fenneu.
Common Furze.
Foxglove.
Flower de Tuce.
Flaxweed.
Iondon, Published by T'. Zelly, Paternoster Row.

О.
сн

Plate 77.
테
​Common Flacc.
Fleabane.
The 772 Bush.
Fenugreek.
豪
​Tistvo Nuts.
Germander
.
Gerrard
Clove Grillitower.
W
Gatangál.
Stinting Gadwin.
Stock Ciltiflower.
Shrubby Cromwell.
tendon Pabbished by Z'. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

Он
ONT-
сня

Plate 12.
Odoo
Groundseli
Goosberry Bush.
Garl Oak
Creeping Gromwout.
Crow Partica
Gentian
Common Cromwell.
Round leava Winter Green
68
Hearts
Fase
Wall or Yellow Pillitower,
ortninomer
Haurkweed.
Huris Tongue,
London Trublished by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

UNIL
9w

Pate 14.
Ladies Smock.
Common knot Grass.
Lavender
Common Ladies Mantle.
Lilly of the Valley.
Tettuce.
Yellow Water Lilly.
Red Flowered Loose-strife.
Lovage.
Common Tellow Loose-strite
White Water Litty.
Linden Tree.
Zondon Published by T.Kelly, Paternoster Row.

6

Plate 73.
White Horehound.
Hemlock.
Great Water Horsetail.
Herb Robert.
Herb Truelove.
Common Hemp.
Great Hounds Tongue
St Johns Wort.
Jack by the Hedge.
Common knapweed.
Jacinth.
Kidney Wort.
London Published by I. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

UNIL
OF
MIG

Plate 25.
Lavender Cotton.
Love Apple.
Lady Smock.
Wild Lettuce.
Dak Lungwort
Liquorice
White Lülty
Lung Flower
Zungwort.
Lovage.
Motherwort
White Mullein.
London Hebtistened by Thomas Kelly, Paternoster Row.

.
OF

Plate 26.
Hedge Mustard
Mouse Ear,
Wild Margoram.
Masterwort.
Madder
Common Mushroom.
Dogs Mercury.
Mugwort.
Treade Mustand
Maidenhar
Deadly Nightshade.
Metlilot.
London Briblished by Thomos Kelly: Paternoster Row.

終
​*H)
M1
OF

Plate 17
Cat Mint.
Sweet Maryoram.
Medler:
White Melilot.
Common Cup Moss.
Mad Apple.
Misselto.
Corn Marygold.
Marshallow,
Comanon Mapis.
Mayweed
Moonwort.
London Published by Thomas Kelly Paternoster:Row.

UNI
OF
CH
.

Plate 18.
Mealy Tree
Comenon Mallom
Nep. .
Nettle.
2
Night Shade.
Nutmeg Free.
Narrow Leaved Navelwort.
Common Navelwort.
우우
​Nail Wort.
Mulberry Zrce.
Nipple Wort.
Golden Maiden Hair
Londen Published hThemas.tel Paternoster-Row.

UNIL
OF

Plate 19.
CE
Ydow Moneurort.
Mededor Street
Creat lleuse-ear
Mother of llume.
Llach Vaiden Hair
Tervain Hallow
an
Pear Fruited Tightshade.
TRTTIT
Mandrake.
Sweet Melilot with hooked pods.
on yon liee Nightshade.
Common Mild Nightshade.
Colic Nari
Tonton Published by Brich "Erans, 87Vhites Ro Spitalfields.

UNIL
OF
си:

Plate 20
Cak.
One Blade
Mit Navew
Tellow Oxeye.
Onion. .
Orpine. .
Oats.
Oxeye. .
Olive.
Orange Tree
Dali of Jerusalem.
l'impernel.
Icedon. Published by Rih Evans,&71 Vites Row: Spitalhelds.

Of
mor

Plate 27.
Spignel
Periwinkle
Spikenard.
Male Fioney
\Small Spleenwort.
Large Spleenwort.
stPeters Wort.
Polypody.
Purslane
Pelitory of the Wate
White Poplar
Pomegranate Tree
LonitowHblished by Tha Kelly, Paternoster Now.1818.

UNIL
OF
14
CH.

Plate 22
Privet.
Peltitory of Spain.
Plantain.
Pepperwort
f
Pennywort.
Wild Parsnip
Female Pionet.
Penny Royal
Prima
Pear Tree
Black) | Poplan
Primroses
Buckshorn Plantain.
Lonion Published by Thor KeltiPaternoste: Row,2828.

10
UN

Late 2.7
Cow Parship
Parvey West
Grand line
Mild Porn.
Black Papar
Pitch lire.
Brryl Learnl Plantin.
Live.
Cluick Gross
Prince Tree.
Queen of the leadow:
Rest domu:
tantin Publid li lich mit728,37'hites Zuw spitaliel7s'.

n
Er
UNIL
OF
MICH

***
Vanlis Hilar.
17. luuliste
Pers/4232 likaduh.
Dinar lieliet.
Bersian Piesta.
lan lort.
so
Hipse Raitis
Tiapture Wort.
Garuten Radist.
1o11or Rattle Grass,
hewan Tablished lay liri'Erums.Jaitas llenoszritalields

OF
3
MIC

Plate e
is
Small Tobacco
Samplire.
Srl Teatre! Tobacco,
200
Seabrins:
Il prije Saxlirage.
Lalish Spilaan!
lleator Sariline.
Third Scations.
Soap Wort.
Sheep Sralirus.
Speedwill.
Lenuen. 7hbs/e/ Willich. Erans. N'hites Bow: Spitalields.

UNT
or
mich

Plate 26
Tonian Serrel.
7/2017 Sanite.
Seurin ürass.
Self Ikat.
Mood Sutje.
Na Serre.
Shepherds Purse.
Sauce Alone.
K
Winter Sarcry
Second Samphire.
Sartens.
creat Saniele
Krnden Inblishat by liich:'Enna Whits tour.lielvelds.

UNIV
OF.
MIC

Plate 27
00
Third Samphire.
Smallage.
Succory
Sneeze Tort.
Solomms Seat.
Safiron.
Service Tree
Seond Scliheal.
Sena Shrub.
Swallow Wort.
Common Sorrel
Storar Tree,
London, Lublished by liich, Frans, 7ater hewitalienis:

MINS
OF
M]
:

Plate 28.
1010)
Tansey
Star Thistle.
Sucet Trefoil.
Thoronyl Tax.
Pearl Trefoil.
Star Wort.
Zrefoil.
Stone Tretor 7.
Tormentil
WIW Trefoil.
Tatsan.
Zouden tablished by Nich.dEvans, Irites Rom, pitalaelds.
Turnsole.

UNIE

Plate 29.
FB TV
H
Greekish Valerian,
Flat Vervain,
Smati Wild Valerian,
Upright Vervain.
Yellow Violets
Purple Violets.
Vine
Low Vervain.
D
0 0
Wild Bugloss.
Vipers Bugloss.
Garden Bugloss.
London, Published by T.Kelly, Paternoster Row.
Strange Violets.

UNIV
O
CHI
nic

Plate 30.
Dwaf Valerian.
Starry Headed Anise. Tree.
Tacamahac Tree.
Creeping Vervain.
ree .
600
my
Vanilla Plant.
Common Violets.
Wild Tine.
Vipers Grass.
Great Wild Valerian,
Garden Valerian;
Vomie Nut.
London Published by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row.
Virginian Snakeroot.

UNIL
OF

Plate 37
e
P
Spurge Laurel
Water Plantain.
Wormwood
Whitlow Grals
a
Sea Wormwood.
Water Arrow Head.
Woodroofe.
Milk Thistle
Teazłe.
Columbine.
Great Coltsfoot.
Chickweed.
London Pub.by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row .

UND
OF

Plate 32
Great Southernwood,
Burdock.
Oreat liver Wort.
fff
Cranesbiti
Cassidony
The Pithy Rush
Gout Weed.
dromatical Reed
Thyme of Candia.
Carob.
Great Golden Rod.
Frog Bit.
London, Pab. byr. Kedy, Paternoster Row.

GNIL
MICH

Plate 33.
or
ATA
Brook Tine.
Scarlet Violet
Vipers Longue.
Great Valarine.
기​)
Creeping Violets.
Vava Vomus
Vipers Buarys
Cornet Tree
Walnut Tree
Myrrh Tree
Wold
Woad
London Published. Auq:47.7876,by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

3
OF
(си"

L'11014
Dwaf Willow Grass
Wading Pond Weed.
Sweet Flag
White Willow
Great Hone Wort.
Wall Flower
Wound Wort.
Black Willow
Wheat.
Cud Weed.
Woodbine.
Cow Butchers Broom.
London, Published Aug 1.1815, by T.. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

UNID
OF
men

Plate 35
Po
Wi
(
Small Blue Woubane Garden Woad
Roman Wormwood
Great Blue Wolfbane
2
Les
ma
Batchelors Bar
Brook Thyme
Lady's Thyme
Creeping Woodbine
Wdilow Weed
Great Leaved Yarrow Thyme of Candia
Yellow Noubane
London friblished Sept 2225 by I? Evans Whites Row Spitatred,

MICH

Plate 36
Garden Yucca
Pansy
Yacca
Putters lhistle
Lemon Tree
Globe Thistle
Wild Bay Tree
Typh Iheal
Crach
Good King John
Roman Theat
Pile Tort
London Tullished Sept 77815 by R Evan. White , Row Sputalacids

UNIL
OF

Plate 37
Spelt Wheat
Common Willow
Winter Gilly Flower
Black Thorin
Dogs Tooth
Jamaica Pepper Tree
Jamaica Plaintain
Roman Sanicle
feiras
ene
Mimosa
Mimosa cinerea
Double Flower'd Saxifrage
Savory
London, Published by T. Kaly, Paternoster Row .,

UNIL
OF
MAT

Plate 38
Snake Apples
Mutmeg Tree
Frog Grass
Cashew Nut Tree
Jamaica Plantain
Bread Fruitfree.
Banana Plantain.
The Bread Fruit
Nutmegs
Mithridate Mustard
Starwort
Cashew Nutts
London Published by T. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

No
сн:

Plate 39.
Blackheart Cherry.
Black Currants.
Whiteheart Cherry.
Red Currants.
O
Pear Iree.
Strawberries.
Crabb Apple.
Egg Plumb.
Wita Strawberries.
Double Blossom'd Pear Tree.
Haatbous
Pastern
Zondon, Published by I. Kelly, Paternoster Row.

so
UNIG
OF
MICH

Plate 40
Green Gage.
Wild Cherry
Damson
Golden Pippin.
Bullis Plumb.
Champaign Gooseberry.
Codlin Free.
Orlean Plumb.
Spanish Nur.
Alpine Strawberry
Wala Nut.
Common Gooseberry.
London Published but Helly, Paternoster Row .

a
SNIL
OF
Мус,
wi

20
ROOT BEER! !
THE GENUINE ARTICLE.
ATKINSON'S
Compound Extract of Roots for Making Root Beer.
This preparation is put up in one pound bottles, for Family Use, which is sufficient to make from
twenty-fivě to thirty gallons of Beer,-price, $1 25.
For Root Beer makers and dealers, it is put
up in stone jugs, containing six and twelve pounds, at $5 00 and $9 50. Full directions for îna-
king accompany each packaye. A liberal discount to Wholesale Dealers.
Nearly forty years have elapsed since Dr. ATKINSON commeuced making his celebrated Root
Beer. His object was not only a palatable, refreshing drink, but to have something which would
purify the blood and invigorate the system, and thus do away with the desire for spirituons or
malt liquors so much then in vogue. In this he was successful. The idea of an extract for
making Root Beer originated with Dr. Atkinson, although of late years, many imitations have
sprung up. About twenty-five years since he conceived a plan by which the medicinal virtues
of the twelve roots, barks and herbs, of which the Beer is composed, could be condensed into extract
form, without diminishing its purity, or losing its essential principle. In this he was again suc-
cessful, and twenty-two years since the first of Atkinson's Compound Extract of Roots was offered
to the public for sale. The secret of its several ingredients, the quantity of each article used, and
the modus operandi of its manufacture, is known only to Dr. Atkinson and his family.
This extract may be formed with but little trouble, into a most healthful, pleasant beverage,
which will more fully quench thirst, without producing a deleterious, effect than any other article
in use. It acts as À PURIFIER OF THE BLOOD, and other
Fluids of the human system, and instead of giving a momentary excitement, it imparts a gentle
stimulant power to the whole body.
As a substitute for Spirituous or Malt Liquors, or even Tea or Coffee, its superiority is self-
evident-its virtues being truly astonishing! In · Scorbutic affections, diseases of the Skin, etc.,
this Beer is particularly useful, and is highly recommended by all who have used it. As an ordi-
nary Table drink, it stands pre-eminent, having been used as such by many of our most respect-
able families here and elsewhere, to their entire satisfaction. Families residing through the Sum-
mer months in the Country, should take a few bottles of this extract with them, as it will con-
duce niuch to their health and comfort while there.
BEER MAKERS and DEALERS will find it to their advantage to
use this Extract in forming their Beer.
The Beer made from this extract should be used as a common drink by all persons of a scrofu-
Vous or consumptive constitution, and also to children of such persons it should be freely given, as
we know of no drink that will produce so favorable or radical & change in their condition as will
this Root Beer.
DEPOT, 230 Greenwich St.
, near Barclay,
Where in addition to a general assortment of
Roots, Herbs, Barks, and Botanic Medicines,
Price.
...
....
HERBARIUM
e
May be had DR. ASHER ATKINSON'S POPULAR MEDICINES.
Price:
Price,
Diluent Alterative Purifier, $2 50 Anti-Bilious Purgative Pills, 35
Kill-Pain Plaster,...
38
Tonic Pectoral Syrup, ....
2 50 Balsam of Horehound,
35
Diuretic or Gravel Drops, 2 50 Vermifuge,
35
Medicines intended particularly
Anti-Dyspeptic Bitters,.. 1 50 Universal Liniment,..
50
for diseases incident to Femal
Fever and Ague Mixture,. 1 50 Healing Wash,
35 Ladies' Relief Cordial,..
Indian Mixture,...
1 50 Mouth Wash,..
35 " Strengthening Cordie
Anti-Dropsical Bitters, . 1 50 Sarsaparilla Syrup,.
1 50 Emmenagogue Bitters,
Compound Extract of Roots Cutaneous Lotion,.
1 25
Nervine Cordial,...
"(for making Root Beer), 1 25 Discutient Ointment,
25 Nervine Tincture o
Blackberry Compound, 75 Pile Ointment,
25
Drops,...
Rheumatic Liniment,
1 00 Erysipelas Ointment,
26 Uterine Wash
Alkaline Carminative,. .
35 Healing Salve,...
25 Ladies' Lini
The above medicines are the result of thirty years practical observations at the
patients. As a practitioner of the healing art, Dr. Atkinson takes for his drug
etable kingdom, and 80 much of the mineral as is found to be a compor
sources are his medicines compounded.
VINTEN
.
..
-0
-0.
2
B
Calon 1.5
15 april 1919
25-
"