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DRILL REGULATIONS

-- 75 FE.
Hospit AL CORPS,
UNITED STATES ARMY.
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PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
OF THE
SECRETARY OF WAR,
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wash.INGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1896.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
Document No. 12.
Office or the SURGEoN-GENERAL.
:
§
WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, D.C., April 30, 1896.
A board of medical officers having revised the system of Drill Regulations
for the Hospital Corps, U. S. Army, which revision has been approved by
the President, it is here with published for the information and government
of the Army and for the observance of the Militia of the United States.
With a view to insure uniformity in the Army, all Hospital Corps exercises
and maneuvers not embraced in this system are prohibited, and those herein
prescribed will be strictly observed.
DANIEL S. LAMont,
Secretary of War.
(3) *
DRILL REGULATIONS
FOR THE
HOSPITAL CORPS, U. S. ARMY.
1. The senior medical officer of the detachment is
responsible for the theoretical and practical instruction
of the officers, noncommissioned officers and privates.
He requires them to study and recite these regulations
so that they can explain thoroughly every movement
before it is put into execution.

THE DETACHMENT.

2. The detachment, when formed, is in single rank,
privates of the Hospital Corps on the º Company
bearers on the left, each class graduated in size, the
tallest men on the right. , ,
POSTS OF OFFICERS AND NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
3. The medical officer commanding is three paces in
front of the center of the detachment, the junior medj-
cal officers according to rank from right to left are in
the line of file closers two paces in rear. Medical officers
above the rank of lieutenant are four paces in rear of
the file closers.
• (5)
6
Medical officers take posts in their respective lines at
equal intervals; if only one, he is opposite the center; if
two, one is opposite the center of each half of the detach-
ment; if three, one is opposite the center, the others as
with two.
The senior noncommissioned officer is two paces in
rear of the second file from the right, on the right of the
line of file closers. '
The second noncommissioned officer is on the right of
the rank and is right guide of the detachment.
The third noncommissioned officer is on the left of the
rank and is the left guide.
The remaining noncommissioned officers are distrib-
uted along the line of file closers from right to left,
according to rank. -
If necessary, a suitable private may be designated to
act as right or left guide. • .

TO FORM THE DETACHMENT.
4. At the signal for the assembly,” the senior non-
commissioned officer takes his position in front of where
the center of the detachment is to be, and facing it,
commands:
Fa// in.
The second noncommissioned officer, or a designated
private, places himself facing to the front, where the
right of the detachment is to rest, and at such a point
that its center will be six paces from and opposite the
senior noncommissioned officer; he closes his left hand
and places the knuckles against the waist above the hip,
wrist straight, back of hand to the front. The men,
*The assembly may be sounded by bugle or whistle.
7

with left arm in the same position, assemble rapidly at
attention, so that the right arm of each man rests lightly
against the left elbow of the man next on his right, each
dropping the left hand as soon as the man next on his
left has his interval.
The other noncommissioned officers then take their
postS.
The senior noncommissioned officer calls the roll,
each man answering “Here,” as his name is called.

TO SIZE THE DETACHMENT.
5. The men being in line as described, the senior non-
commissioned officer faces them to the right and arranges
them according to height, tallest man in front; he then
faces them to the left into line. The detachment being
sized, habitually forms in the same order.
6. The senior noncommissioned officer commands:
1. Count, 2. Fours.
Beginning on the right the men count One, Two, Three,
Four, and so on to the left. The guides do not count.
If the four on the left consists of less than three men
they are ordinarily assigned to other fours and placed
in the line of file closers, each in rear of the four to
which assigned. He then commands:
1. Count, 2. SQUADs;
when each No. 1 calls out the number of his squad in
numerical order from right to left.
The officer commanding having approached the front
and center of the detachment, the senior noncommis.

8
sioned officer faces about,' salutes * him, reports the
result of the roll call and then, without command, take
his post, passing around the right flank. -
The junior medical officers take their posts as soon
as the noncommissioned officer has reported.
ALIGNMENTS.
7. The officer commanding, having received the
detachment, commands:
1. Right (or left), 2. DREss, 3. FRon T.
At the command dress, the men place the left hand
above the hip, turn the head and eyes in the direction.
of the guide, and dress up to the line; the officer com-
manding verifies the alignment. At the command front,
the men turn the head and eyes to the front and drop
the left hand. - -
In all alignments, excepting of the file closers, the
left hand is placed above the hip, and at front dropped
to the side. The detachment is aligned whenever
necessary.
*The salute for all enlisted men without arms is as follows: The right
hand is raised smartly till the forefinger touches the lower part of the
headdress above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined,
palm to the left, forearm inclined at about forty-five degrees, hand and
wrist straight; and the arm is then dropped quietly by the side.
If uncovered, the forefinger touches the forehead above the eye.
The salute for officers is the same as the above; the left hand is used only
when the right is engaged. Officers and men, when saluting, look toward
the person saluted. Enlisted men salute with the band farthest from the
officer, giving the salute six paces before passing the officer and holding the
hand at the visor until the salute is acknowledged or the officer passed.
9
MARCHING.S.
8. When the execution of a movement is improperly
begun and the instructor wishes to begin it anew for
the purpose of correcting it, he commands: As you were;
at which the movement ceases and the former position
is resumed. -
9. The length of the full step in quick time is 30
inches measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is
at the rate of 120 steps per minute.
TO MARCH IN LINE. . .
• 10. Being in line at a halt: - , ,
1. Forward, 2. Guide right (or left), 3. MŽRJH.
The men step off, the guide marching straight to the
front. - - * * * *
The instructor sees that the men preserve the interval
and alignment.
To change the guide: Guide left (or right).
11. If the men lose step, the instructor commands:
STEP.
The men glance toward the side of the guide, retake
the step, and cast their eyes to the front.
TO MARCH BACKWARD.
12. Being at a halt:
1. Backward, 2. Guide right (or left), 3. MARCH.
At the command march, step back with the left foot 15
inches straight to the rear, measuring from heel to heel,
then with the right, and so on, the feet alternating.

10
TO MARCH TO THE REAR.
13. Being in march:
1. To the rear, 2. MARCH, 3. Guide right (or left).
At the command march, given as the right foot strikes
the ground, advance and plant the left foot; then turn
on the balls of both feet, face to the right about, and
immediately step off with the left foot.
If marching in double time, turn to the right about,
taking four short steps in place, keeping the cadence,
and then step off with the left foot. wº

TO SIDE STEP.
14. Bettig at a halt:
* . 1. Right (or left) step, 2. MARCH.

At the command march, carry the right foot 12inches
to the right, keeping knees straight and shoulders square
to the front; as soon as the right foot is planted, bring
the left foot to the side of it, and continue the movement.
TO MARCH BY THE FLANK, IN COLUMN OF FILES.
15. Being in line at a halt:
1. Right (or left), 2. FAoE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH.
Being in march: -
1. By the right (or left) flank, 2. MARCH.
At the command march, given as the right foot strikes
the ground, advance and plant the left foot, then face to
the right in marching and step off in the new direction
with the right foot.
11
To halt the column of files: 1. Detachment, 2 HALT;
and to face it to the front: 3. Left (or right), 4. FACE.
sº
MARCHING IN COLUMN OF FILES, TO MARCH IN LINE.
16. 1. By the left (or right) flank, 2. MARCH, 3. Guide
right (or left).
TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF FILES.
17. Being in march:
1. Column right (or left); or, 1. Column half right (or half
left), 2. MARCH.
The leading file wheels to the right. The other files
follow the first and wheel on the same ground. .
. Being at a halt
1. Forward, 2. column right (or left), 3. MARCH;
Or: -
2. Column half right (or half left), 3. MARCH.
THE OBLIQUE MARCH.
18. Being in line at a halt, or in march:
1. Right (or left) oblique, 2. MARCH.
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essesses
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Par. 18. BigHT OBLIQUIs.
12
At the command march, each man half faces to the
right, at the same time stepping off in the new direction.
He preserves his relative position, keeping his shoulders
parallel to those of the man next on his right, and so
regulates his step as to make the head of this man con-
ceal the heads of the other men in the rank; the rank
remains parallel to its original front.
At the command haſt, the men halt, faced to the front.
To resume the original direction: -

1. Forward, 2. MARCH.
The men half face to the left in marching and then
move straight to the front.
& w TO MARCH IN DOUBLE TIME.
19. The length of the full step in double time is 36
inches; the cadence is at the rate of 180 steps perminute.
Being in line at a halt:
1. Forward, 2. Guide right (or left), 3. Double time, 4. MARCH.
At the third command the hands are raised until the
forearms are horizontal, fingers closed and toward the
body, the elbows to the rear.
TO PASS FROM QUICK TO DOUBLE TIME, AND THE REVERSE.
20. 1. Double time, 2. MARCH.
At the command march, given as the left foot strikes
the ground, advance the right foot in quick time, and
step off with the left foot in double time.
To resume quick time:
1. Quick time, 2. MARCH.
At the command march, given as either foot is coming
to the ground, the detachment resumes quick time.
18
We
TURNINGS.
TO TURN AND HALT.
21. Marching in line:
1. Detachment right (or left), 2. MARCH, 3. FRONT.
At the comm and
march, the right guide
halts and faces to the ."
right; the other files - "
half face to the right ... "
in marching, and with- . . . . |
out changing the length - •" . . e
or cadence of the step ." - " . "
place themselves suc- - " . . |
cessively up on the .." .. " ſº
alignment established . . . . . . . .
by the right guide; all ..' . . . . . . . . .-
dress to the right with- .* ...' ...' ...' ..."
...”in The i. .- ...' ..." . . .”
structor verifies the AN-" Z\." ZS.” Zºº.” ZN.” ZS."
alignment from the isºsºsis
pivot flank and com Par. 21. DETAcHMENT RIGHT.
mands: FRONT.
If at a halt, the movement is executed in the same
Iſlanller.
Detachment half right (or half left) is executed in the
same manner, except that the guide makes a half face
to the right.
*
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TO TURN AND ADVANCE.
22. Marching in line:
1. Right (or left) turn, 2. MAROH, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH,
- 5. Guide right (or left).
At the second command, the guide marches by the
right flank, taking the short step without changing the
14
cadence; the other men half face to the right in march-
ing, and moving by the shortest line successively place
themselves on the new line, when they take the short
*. inches).
en the last man has arrived on the new line, the
fourth command is #. when all resume the full step.
During the turn the guide is, without command, on
the pivot flank. The guide is announced on resuming
the full step. -
If at a halt, the movement is similarly executed, and
in quick time, unless the command double time is given.
Right (or left) half turn is executed in the same manner,
except that the guide makes a half face to the right.
Should the command haſt be given during the execu-
tion of the movement, those men who are on the new
line halt; the others halt on arriving on the line; all
dress to the right without command.
The instructor verifies the alignment from the pivot
flank and commands: FRONT.
MARCHING IN LINE, TO EFFECT A SLIGHT CHANGE OF
DIRECTION. -
23. Incline to the right (or left).
Each man advances the left shoulder and marches in
the new direction. •
BEING IN LINE TO MARCH BY THE FLANK, IN COLUMN
OF FOURS.
24. 1. Fours right (or left), 2. MARCH. w
Each four wheels ninety degrees to the right on a
fixed pivot, the pivot man turning strictly in his place;
the man on the marching flank maintains the full step,
15
moving on the arc of a circle with the pivot man as the
center; the men dress on the marching flank, shorten
their steps according to their distance from it, and keep
their intervals from the pivot. Upon the completion of
the wheel, each four takes the full step, marching in a
direction parallel to its former front; the second four is
100 inches from the first four, and so on to the rear of
, the column; the right and left guides place themselves
44 inches in front and rear respectively of the left file of
the leading and rear fours; the file closers face to the
right and maintain their relative positions.

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Par. 24. Fours RIGHT.


The officer commanding in columns of fours, twos, and
files is by the side of the leading guide on the flank
opposite the file closers; he takes this position at the
command march.
16

The leading and rear guides in columns of fours, twos,
and files are in front and rear respectively of the leading
or rear file on the side opposite the file closers.
The file closers march two paces from the flank of
the column and see that the fours maintain their dis-
tances. -
In all changes by fours from line into column and
column into line, or from column of fours into twos,
files or the reverse, and in all wheels about by fours,
either in line or column, the officer commanding and
guides take their proper places in the most convenient
way as soon as practicable. -
All wheels by fours, except in changing direction, are
executed on a fixed pivot.
These rules are general.


BEING IN LINE TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS AND HALT.
25. 1. Fours right (or left), 2. Manon, 3. Detachment,
4. HALT.
The command half is given as the wheel is completed ;
all dress toward the marching flank. '• .
In column of fours, the ranks dress toward the side
of the guide. - -
In all wheelings by fours, the forward march is taken
upon the completion of the movement, unless the com-
mand half be given.
At the command haſt, given as either foot is coming
to the ground, the foot in rear is brought up and plante
without shock by the side of the other.
17
MARCHING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO CHANGE DIRECTION.
26. 1. Column right (or left), 2. MARCH.
The leading four wheels on a movable pivot; the pivot
man takes steps of 10 inches in quick time, and 12 inches
in double time, gaining ground forward so as to clear
the wheeling point; the wheel completed, the full step
is taken; the man on the side of the guide follows 44
inches in rear of the guide; the other fours move for-
ward and wheel on the same ground. If the change of
direction be toward the side of the guide, he shortens
his step and wheels as if on the pivot flank of a rank of
four; if the change be to the side opposite the guide, he
wheels as if on the marching flank of a rank of four.
Column half right (or half left) is similarly executed,
each four wheeling forty-five degrees.

TO PUT THE COLUMN OF FOURS IN MARCH AND CHANGE
DIRECTION AT THE SAME TIME, -
27. 1. Forward, 2. Column right (or left); or, 2. Column
half right (or half left), 3. MARCH.
BEING IN LINE, TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS AND CHANGE
DIRECTION. •
28. 1. Fours right (or left), 2. Column right (or left), or,
2. Column half right (or half left), 3. MARCH.
BEING IN LINE, To MARCH IN COLUMN OF FOURS TO THE
FRONT.
29. 1. Right (or left) forward, 2. Fours right (or left),
3. MARCH. -
338—2
18

At the command march, the right guide F. him-
- self in front of the
Cºl L left file of the right
four; the ; four
moves straight to
= | | | | = the front, shorten-
ºling the first three or
four steps; the other
: : fours wheel to the
| | | | | | || - right, each on a
: : fixed pivot; the
second four when
its wheel is two-
thirds completed,

. . . . . . ." m | | | | m wheels to the left on
. . 2 ; a movable pivot and
t; ..' follows the first;
2. ' the other fours hav-
mmm mm mm mmium mm. ing wheeled to the
right, move for-
ward, and each
wheels to the left
on a movable pivot,
Par. 29. Right Forwamp, Founs Right. So as to follow the
second.
BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO CHANGE THE FILE
CLOSERS FROM ONE FLANK OF THE COLUMN TO THE
oTHER.
30. 1. File closers on left (or right) flank, 2. MARoH.
At the first command the file closers close in to the
flank of the column, and at the command march, dart
through the column.
19
TO OBLIQUE IN COLUMN OF FOURS, AND TO RESUME THE
DIRECT MARCH.

31. 1. Right § left) oblique, 2. MARCH.
Each four obliques as prescribed (par. 18).
To resume the direct march:
1. Forward, 2. MARCH.
TO MARCH IN COLUMN OF FOURS TO THE REAR.
32. 1. Fours right (or left) about, 2. MARCH.
Each four wheels 180 degrees to the right.
The file closers do not pass through the column, but
gain the space to the right or left necessary to preserve
their interval from the flank. #
To FORM LINE FROM column of Fours.
33. To the right or left:
1. Fours right (or left,) 2. MARCH, 3. Guide right (or feft),
or, 3. Detachment, 4. HALT.
At the command march, the fours wheel to the right.
The ide is announced, or the command halt is
given, the instant the fours unite in line. -
If the line be formed toward the side of the file
closers, they close in to the flank of the column at the
first command, and at the command march dart through
the column.
34. On right or left:
1. 0n right (or left) into line, 2. MARCH, 3. Detachment,
4. HALT, 5. FRONT.
At the command march, the leading four wheels to
the right on a movable pivot and moves forward, dress-
ing to the right; the guide places himself on its right; .
20
each of the other fours marches a distance equal to its
front beyond the wheeling point of the four next pre-
ceding, wheels to the right and advances as explained
for the first four; the rear guide places himself on the
left of the rear four after it halts.
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Par. 34. On Right INTo LINE.
21
At the command halt, given when the leading four
has advanced a suitable distance in the new direction,
it halts and dresses to the right; the other fours succes-
sively halt and dress upon arriving in line.
The command front is given when the left four com-
pletes its dressing. -
If the movement be executed toward the side opposite
the file closers, each follows the four nearest him, pass-
ing in front of the following four.
35. To the front:
1. Right (or left) front into line, 2. MARCH, 3. Detachment,
- 4. HALT, 5. FRONT.
At the command DS:
march, the lºng *
moves straight to the
front, dressing to the left; == | | | || = === ===
the guide in front places : :
himself on its left; the | | | ||
other fours oblique to the
right till opposite their
places in line, when each
marches to the front.
At the command halt, Gaº
#. when the leading T.
our has advanced a suit-
able distance, it halts and . . -
dresses to the left; the -. ..”
other fours halt and dress ..m. .."
to the left upon arriving ©
in line; the guide in rear
places himself on the
right of the rank upon tº a
the arrival of the last four ..m.
in line; the command g
:.
Qº
gº
front is given when the
last four completes its
dressing.
Par. 35. RIGHT FRoNT INTo LINE.
22
If the movement be made toward the side of the file
closers, they dart through the column as the oblique
COIn Iſle IlC6S.
If marching in double time, or in quick time, and the
command be double time, the command guide left is given
immediately after the command march; the leading four
moves to the front in quick time; the other fours
oblique in double time, each taking the quick time and
dressing to the left upon arriving in line.
BEING IN LINE, TO FACE TO THE REAR AND TO MARCH
TO THE REAR.
36. 1. Fours right (or left) about, 2. MARCH, 3. De-
tachment, 4. HALT; or, 3. Guide right (or left).
The fours wheel about; the file closers dart through
the nearest intervals. -
37. The detachment at a halt, may be marched a few
paces to the rear by the commands:
1. Detachment, 2. About, 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. Guide
right (or left), 6. MARCH;
or, if in march, by the commands:
1. To the rear, 2. MARCH, 3. Guide right (or left).
The file closers on facing about maintain their rela-
tive positions.
BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, TO FORM COLUMN OF TWOS.
38. This movement is always executed toward the
file closers; it is used only for the purpose of reducing
|
23
the front of the column to enable it to pass a defile or
other narrow place, immediately after
which the column of fours should be -
re-formed.
1. Right (or left) by twos, 2. MARCH.
At the command march, the two s
files on the right of each four move •" s

forward; the two files on the left take ...' ...’
the short step till disengaged, when A. A.”
they oblique to the right and fiºs, ** | ]
the right files. e Par. 38. Right by Twos
The distance between ranks in col- * -

umn of twos is 44 inches; the guides take the same dis-
tance in front and rear of the column.
BEING IN COLUMN OF FOURs AT A HALT, To ForM Column
* OF FILES.
39. 1. Right (or left) by file, 2. MARCH. -
At the command march, the right file of each four
moves forward, followed in succession by the files on his
left, who oblique to the right, the men keeping closed
as nearly as possible to facing distance; the guides take
the same distance.
If marching, the leading file continues the march; the
others take the short step, oblique to the right and
follow the leading file.
Column of files from column of twos is similarly ex-
ecuted.
40. A column of twos or files changes direction, is
halted and put in march by the same commands as a
column of fours.
The march in column of fours, twos, or files is always
in quick time unless otherwise ordered.


24
41. A column of fours, twos, or files may be faced to
the rear, or to a flank, and marched a short distance,
but no other movements should be executed until the
column is again faced to the original front. The officers
and noncommissioned officers face with the column and
retain their positions.
BEING IN COLUMN OF TwoS OR FILES, TO FORM COLUMN
OF FOURS.
42. These movements are always executed away from
tº ºn. ºn tº the file closers.
: Marching in column of twos:
1. Form fours, 2. Left (or right) oblique,
g 3. MARCH.
2F2= * At the command march, the leading
two of each four take the short step;
the rear two oblique to the left until
** they uncover the leading two, when
|
|


they move to the front, and the fours
Par. 42. Form Fours, having united, all resume the full
LEFT Oblique. Step.
Being in column of files:
43. 1. Form fours, 2. Left (or right) oblique, 3. MARCH.
At the command march, the leading file of each four
halts; the other files oblique to the left and place them-
selves successively on the left of the leading file, the dis-
tance between the fours being 100 inches.
Column of twos is formed from column of files on the

same principles.
THE REST.S.
44. Being at a halt, to rest the men:
FALL OUT; or REST; or AT EASE.
At the command fall out, the men may leave the ranks,
but will remain in the immediate vicinity.
25
At the command fall in, they resume their former
places.
At the command rest, the men keep one heel in place,
but are not required to preserve silence or immobility.
At the command at ease, the men keep one heel in
place and preserve silence, but not immobility.
45. To resume the attention:
1. Detachment, 2. ATTENTION.
The men take the position of the soldier and fix their
attention. •
46. 1. Parade, 2. REST.
Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left
knee slightly bent; clasp the hands in front of the center
of the body, left hand uppermost, left thumb clasped by
thumb and forefinger of right hand; preserve silence and
steadiness of position.
To resume the position of the soldier:
1. Detachment, 2. ATTENTIon.
TO DISMISS THE DETACHMENT.
47. Being in line at a halt, the officer commanding
directs the senior noncommissioned officer: Dismiss the
detachment. The officers fall out, the senior noncommis-
sioned officer salutes, steps in front of the detachment,
and commands: DISMISSED.
LITTER, DEILL.
THE I,ITTER AND SLING,
48. The regulation hand litter consists of a canvas
bed, 6 feet long and 22 inches wide, made fast to two
poles 7+ feet long, and stretched by two jointed braces.
26
The ends of the poles form the handles, 9 inches long,
by which the litter is carried. The fixed iron legs are
stirrup-shaped, 4 inches high and 1% inches wide. A
strap is permanently fastened to the bottom of each pole
near the legs. When the litter is open each strap lies
under the pole to which it is attached, its free end but-
toned to a stud; when the litter is strapped it is passed
over the canvas and the free end buttoned to a stud
under the opposite pole.
49. One regulation sling is issued to each private as
art of his equipment. It is made of blue webbing, 24
inches wide, with a leather-lined loop at each end, and
a slide to regulate its length.
Before falling in, each man verifies the length of his
sling so that it is always exactly adjusted to his size,
places it smoothly over his shoulders, the slide on the
right side, passing the loops under the belt, and, during
drill with the litter, never removes it from the body.
The loops, when off the handles, are invariably secured
under the belt.
50. When the detachment is formed for drill or
instruction, officers do not wear swords. The instructor
will require that the clothing of the men be clean and
neatly adjusted; that the privates of the Hospital Corps
fall in equipped with pouch, belt, and sling, and that
the company bearers wear belts and brassards.” Hos-
ital stewards and acting hospital stewards wear the
: ºt no equipment of any kind, unless specially
OTOleI'êOl.


51. For purposes of litter drill each set of four is a
litter squad. The litter squad is marched by the com-
mands applicable to a set of four, substituting “litter”
for “four.”
* When practicable it is advisable to lave the men who are to represent
.*. dressed in fatigue suits; they remain in the line of file closers
until needed.
27
52. No. 1 is the squad leader; he commands his squad
and is responsible for it; in his absence, No. 4, and both.
Nos. 1 and 4 being absent, No. 3 commands. -
' With reduced numbers, No. 1 ordinarily assumes the
duties of No. 3, and No. 4 of No. 2. No. 1 being absent,
No. 4 assumes his duties and vice versa,
53. The instructor will make such changes in the
personnel of the sets of four as he deems advisable. The
selection of No. 1 should be determined by the intelli-
gence and experience of the men; No. 4 should be as
near in size as possible to No. 1, and No. 2 to No. 3.
The fours are then counted again if necessary.
54. A litter is said to be strapped when folded, the
canvas doubled smoothly on top and secured by the
straps. It is said to be closed when folded and unstrap-
ped, the free ends of the straps buittoned to the studs on
their respective poles.
55. The foot, or front, of a grounded or open (unloaded)
litter is the end farthest from the approaching squad,
unless otherwise designated. The foot of a loaded litter
is always the end corresponding to the feet of the
patient. - *
MANUAL OF THE LITTER.
Having assigned the medical officers and the noncom-
missioned officers to appropriate duties, the instructor
commands:
56. 1. Procure litter, 2. Right (or left) face, 3. MARCH.
At the first command the Nos. 8 step one pace to the
front, at the second command they face as required,
and at the third proceed in column of files, by the
nearest route, to the (strapped or closed) litters. They
each take one, placing it on the right shoulder at a
slope of at least 45 degrees, canvas down (par. 59),


28
and promptly return in the reverse order, each man
resuming his place by passing through his interval one
pace to the rear, facing about and stepping into line.
If the litters are in front of the detachment, the Nos.
3 may be marched directly forward, converging toward
them, and then back, diverging to their intervals.
This march should be supervised by a noncommis-
sioned officer. It can be executed in double time.
With but one squad the commands are simply procure
(or return) ſitter, MARCH; when the bearer proceeds
and returns by the shortest practicable route.
57. In all motions from the shoulder, or to the shouſ-
der, the litter should invariably be brought to the ver-
tical position against the shoulder, one pole in front of
the other, canvas to the left, both hands grasping the
front pole, the left above the right, and the left fore-
arm horizontal.
This position should be taken by the bearer when
ing through his interval to resume his place in the
ine (par. 56), and in any formation or movement in
which there may be danger of the lower or upper han-
dles of the litter striking neighboring men, after which
the shoulder is resumed without command.
58. Being at the shoulder:

1. Order, 2. LITTER.
At order, the litter is brought to the vertical position;
at litter, the lower handles are brought to the ground,
outside the right foot, canvas to the left, the right arm
maturally extended and the hand grasping the front
pole; the left hand is dropped to the side,
-29
ER LITTE
PAR. 58. ORD
PAR. 57. Tº WERTICAL
Position.

30
59. Being at the order:
1. Shoulder, 2. LITTER.
At shoulder, the litter is raised to
the vertical position; at ſitter, it is
raised vertically until the left wrist
is level with the chin, when it is laid,
canvas down, upon the shoulder (par.
56), where it is supported by the
right arm, the right }. grasping
the left pole; the left hand is dropped
to the side. -
60. Being in line, litters at the
shoulder, or order:
1. Carry, 2. LITTER.
At carry, each No. 3 brings his lit-
ter to the vertical position; at ſitter,
he drops the upper handles forward
and downward until the litter is in a
horizontal position, canvas to the
left; meanwhile the other numbers
step directly to the front, No. 2 un-
til he is opposite the front handles,
which he seizes with his left hand,
and Nos.1 and 4 until they are oppo-
§l site the center of the litter. Nos. 2
§32 sº and 3 take hold by passing the left
PAR. 59, shoulden Lir- and right hands respectively outside
Ten. the handles and grasping the lower
one, the litter resting against the hip. The guides step
i." and place themselves in line with the front
earers.



31
[]
€.
U
|×)ÈN，
�
PAR. 60. CARRY LITTER.

82
61. Being at the carry:
1. Ground, 2. LITTER.

At ground, Nos. 2 and 3 face inward, grasping the
handles with both hands; at litter, they stoop and lower
litter to the ground, lengthwise between the files, can-
was up, then, standing erect, they face to the front. -
62. Being at the ground: -
1. carry, 2. LITTER.
At carry, Nos. 2 and 3 face inward; at litter, they
stoop, grasp handles with both hands and raise the lit-
ter from the ground to the carry.
63. Being at the carry:
1. Shoulder, 2. LITTER.
At shoulder, No. 3 reaches forward with his left hand .
and grasps the litter near its center; at litter, he brings
it to the vertical position and then to the shoulder;
meanwhile the other numbers step backward and align
themselves upon him in regular order.
64. Being at the carry, litter strapped:
1. Open, 2. LITTER.
At open, Nos. 2 and 3 face litter; at litter, they unbut-
ton the straps and button them to the studs on their
respective poles, when they grasp the right (upper)
handles, leaving the litter suspended longitudinally,
canvas to the left. They then extend the braces, and
supporting the litter horizontally by the handles, can-
was up, lower it to the ground, and resume the atten-
tion, standing between the handles, facing to the front.

33
338–3
sº S
%) -
- ^2+3\\
º


34
If the litter be merely closed, they at once grasp the
upper handles and proceed as above.
. Being at the open :
1. Close, 2. LITTER.
At close, Nos. 2 and 3 step respectively outside the
right front and left rear handles and face inward; at
litter, they stoop and raise the litter by the right handles;
they then fold the braces, and bringing the lower pole
against the upper, canvas to the left, support the litter
at the carry. *
66. The litter being closed:
1. Strap, 2. LITTER.
At strap, Nos. 2 and 3 face litter; at litter, they fold
canvas by .# it smoothly on top of poles, then
pass straps around litter, over canvas, and button them
to studs, when they take their posts at the carry.
In opening or strapping litter Nos. 1 and 4 may assist
when so directed.
In the field, the litter should habitually be carried
strapped or closed, and only opened on reaching the
patient.
The litter may in like manner be closed and then
strapped, being at the open, at the command strap litter,
when the motions begin with those described under
close litter (par. 65).
67. To bring the squad into line, the litter being at
the ground or the open:
1. Form, 2. RANK.
At rank, No. 2 advances one pace, and all align them-
selves upon him in regular order.
35
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7.





36
This movement permits the marching of the squad,
without litter, to any desired point.
68. Posts at the litter may at any time be recovered
by the commands:
1. At lifter, 2. Posts.
If at the ground, the numbers take posts, No. 2 on the
right of the front handles, No. 3 on the left of the rear
handles and close to them, and Nos. 1 and 4, respect-
ively, on the right and left of the litter at its mid-
length and one pace from it; all facing to the front.
If at the open, Nos. 2 and 3 take posts between the
front and rear handles, respectively, facing to the front,
and Nos. 1 and 4 as with litter at the ground, but one
short step (15 inches) from it.
This is the invariable position taken by each number
at the above commands, whatever may have been his
previous position or duty. §
69. Being at litter posts, to change posts:
1. Change posts, 2. MARCH.
No. 1 takes No. 3's post, and No. 4 No. 2's, while Nos.
3 and 2 step to the left and right of the litter, ;
ively, into the vacated positions, all thus describing
part of a circle in the same direction around the litter.

70. Being at the carry in marching:
1. Change bearers, 2. MARCH.
Nos. 1 and 4 step to the right rear and left front of the
litter, respectively, and grasp the handles relinquished
by Nos. 3 and 2, who step to left and right center,

g º
1. The squad leader continues to exercise command
from whatever position he may occupy.
37
72. To resume the original positions the movement
is reversed by the commands:
1. At fitter, 2. Posts.
73. Being at the open:
1. Prepare to lift, 2. LIFT.
At the first command Nos. 2 and 3 draw loops from
the belts, take One in each hand, stoop, slip them upon
the handles, and grasp handles. At the second command
they slowly rise; No. 4 advances to side of No. 2, and
No. 1 steps backward to side of No 3, adjust slings and
observe that everything is right, when they resume
their posts.
74. At the commands:
*1. Forward, 2. MARCH,
the bearers step off, No. 2 with the left, No. 3 with the
right foot, taking short sliding steps of about 20 inches,
to avoid jolting and to secure a uniform motion to the
litter. Nos. 1 and 4 step off with the left foot.
75. Being at the lift: -
1. Lower, 2. LITTER.
At litter, Nos. 2 and 3 slowly lower the litter to the
ground, slip loops from the handles, stand erect and pass
the loops under their belts.
6. When the litter is to be moved but a few paces, it

7
. be lifted and marched without slings by prefixing
without slings to the commands: Prepare to lift, lift.

*The so-called single step, which is by far the easiest for the patient, but
which is acquired with difficulty, may also be practiced ; No. 2 steps off with
the left foot, and No. 3 follows with his right an instant later, and before
No. 2 has planted his right; No. 2's right foot next touches the ground, and
is immediately followed by No. 3'sier.
38
77. To carry the litter by four bearers, being at the
open, the commands are:
1. By four, 2. Prepare to lift, 3. LIFT.
At the second command Nos. 2 and 3 take posts out-
side the right front and left rear handles, respectively,
and Nos. 4 and 1 outside the opposite handles; they all
stoop and grasp handles with both hands. At lift, they
slowly rise.
78. The open litter should belifted and lowered slowly
and without jerk, both ends simultaneously, the rear
bearer moving in accord with the front bearer, so as to
maintain the canvas horizontal; in fact, the open litter
should be handled for purposes of drill as if it were a
loaded litter, and as soon as the men are familiar with
its manual, the drill should, whenever practicable, be
with loaded litter.
79. Being in line at the shuulder:
1. Return ſitter, 2. Right (or left) face, 3. MARCH.
At the first command, the Nos. 3 bring the litter to
the vertical position and step one pace to the front; at
the second they face as required and bring the litter to
the shoulder, and at the third proceed in column of files,
by the nearest route, to the place designated for the
litters, where they leave them, and, returning in the
reverse order, resume their i. by passing through
their intervals one pace to the rear and facing about into
line. If the F. 㺠is in front of the detach-
ment (or if there be but one squad), the Nos. 3 proceed
as described in par. 56. This movement should be
supervised by a noncommissioned officer. It can be
executed in double time.

39
Par. 77. Litter Lifted by Foue.

40
MARCHINGS WITH LITTER.
80. The interval between litters, that is, between
No. 1 of a squad and No. 4 of the next squad on the
right, is 6 inches. It is ordinarily sufficient for the
execution of all movements, and should be carefully
maintained.
To align a line of litters, at a halt, the litters being at
the carry or lift, the commands are:
1. Right (or left), 2. DREss, 3. FRONT.
At dress, all dress to the right, the Nos. 2 aligning
themselves on the right guide, or No. 2 of the right
squad, all promptly recovering their intervals, if lost.
At front, all face to the front.
81. Being in column, to extend distances, the com-
mands are given:
1. To two (or more) paces, extend, 2. MARCH.
The first squad advances forward in quick time and
the other squads take the short step and successively
gain the increased distance; if in march the first squad
maintains the quick time, while the other squads take
the short step as above.
82. The column is closed by the commands:
1. Litters, 2. Close, 3. MARCH;
when the first squad stands fast (if at a halt), or takes
the short step (if in a march), and the other squads
successively close up. *
83. The line, or column of litters, is marched by the
commands already given (par. 24 and following), sub-
stituting “hitters” for “fours.”
The following movements require special notice or
description:

41
BEING IN LINE, TO TURN AND HALT.
84. 1. Detachment, 2. Right (or left), 3. MARCH, 4.
• FRONT.
The first litter halts, and taking the short step, wheels
to the right on its own ground; the other litters half
wheel to the right and #. themselves successively
spºn the alignment established by the right litter (par.
1).
BEING IN LINE, TO TURN AND ADVANCE.
85. 1. Detachment, 2. Right (or left) turn, 3. MARoR.
The first litter takes the short step and wheels to the
º, on a movable pivot, followed by the others as in
par. 22. -
BEING IN LINE OF LITTERS, TO MARCH BY THE FLANK
IN COLUMN OF LITTERS.
86. 1. Litters, 2. Right (or left), 3. MARCH.
At the command march, No. 2 steps off to the right
and No. 3 to the left, 2 | " . . . -
both describing a quar-
ter of a circle, so as to
make the litter revolve *S*
horizontally on its *
center until both face ... &
to the right, when they ‘º “” “I” “ … :::::::
take the full step in * : 4. f : *.
the new direction:Nos. t...…................ ---------ºº:::::
1 and 4 maintain their s.
relative positions op- .
site the center of the *
itter. The right guide
places himself one . . 3.
ace in front of the • * '
t litter, and the left . Par. 86. LittleRs Right.
guide one pace in rear of the last litter.

42
BEING IN LINE, TO MARCH IN COLUMN OF LITTERS TO
THE FRONT.
87. 1. Right (or left) forward, 2. Litters right (or left),
3. MARCH. *
At the command march, the right litter moves straight
to the front; the other litters wheel to the right and
then to the left in column (par. 29). -
To form line from column—see par. 33 and following.
BEING IN LINE OR COLUMN, TO MARCH TO THE REAR.
88. 1. Litters about, 2. MARCH.
Nos. 2 and 3 step off as in par. 86, but continue the
movement until both face to the rear, the other numbers
maintaining their relative positions opposite the center
of the litter.
The about with the litter is always to the right.
MOVEMENTS BY SECTIONS.
89. A section consists of two litter squads in line.
90. To form column of sections from line:
1. Sections right (or left), 2 Maroh, 3. Front;
when each section turns, as in par. 84; or,
91. 1. Sections, 2. Right (or left) turn, 3. MARCH, 4.
. Forward, 5. MARCH, 6. Guide right (or left);
when each section turns, as in par. 85.
92. The advantage of this formation is that it per-
mits the shortening of the column, at the carry, without
increasing its front, by the commands:
1. Sections, 2. Close, 3. MARCH;
when the sections close up to one pace, and the litters
oblique toward each other until close against the inner
43
free bearers (1 and 4), the outer free bearers meanwhile
closing in on their respective sides. In this manner the
front is reduced to that of a column of litters.
93. The normal formation is resumed by the com-
mands: W
1. Sections, 2. Extend, 3. MARCH.
Line is re-formed by the same commands used to form
column. -
94. To form single column from column of sections:
1. Right (or left) by ſitter, 2. MARCH;
when the second litter of each section takes the short
step and obliques to the right behind the first.
5. To form column of sections from single column:
1. Form sections, 2. Left (or right) oblique, 3. MARCH;
when thc first Squad of each section takes the short step,
until the second squad, obliquing to the left, is in line
with it.
ROUTE STEP.
96. The column of strapped litters at the carry (par.
60) is the habitual column of route. The rate is 3 to 34
miles per hour.
Marching in quick time:
1. Route step, 2. MARCH.
The men are not required to preserve silence nor keep
the step. The litter squads preserve their distance.
If from a halt:
1. Forward, 2. Route step, 3. MARCH.
To resume the cadence step:
1. Detachment, 2, ATTENTION.
44
At the command attention, the cadence step in quick
time is resumed. -
Upon halting while marching in route step, the men
come to the rest at the ground (par. 61).
97. To march at ease:
1. At ease, 2. MARCH.
The detachment marches as in the route step, except
that silence is preserved.
THE LOADED LITTER.
To LoAD AND UNLOAD THE LITTER.

98. For drill in loading litter, the “patients” are
directed to lie down, at suitable intervals, near the line
of litters, first with head and later with feet toward it,
and lastly in any position. Each squad may be sepa-
rately exercised under its leader or an instructor, or
Several squads simultaneously.
99. The litters being at the open, the instructor com-
mands: -
1. At patient, 2. Right (or left), 3. Posts
If the command is right, Nos. 2, 1, and 3 take positions,
No. 2 at the right ankle, No. 1 at the right hip, and No.
8 at the right shoulder, while No. 4 takes position by
the left hip opposite No. 1, all facing the patient. *
If the command is left, Nos. 2, 4, and 8 take position,
No. 2 at the left ankle, No. 4 at the left hip, and No. 8
at the left shoulder, while No. 1 takes position at the
right hip opposite No. 4, all facing the patient.
t will be seen from the above that, whether the com-
mand is right or left, the positions of Nos. 1 and 4 are
45
|
| Jº
Rºg/f.
Ze/?. Ze/?.
A:ght.
Par. 99. Posts AT PATIENT.


46
invariable, No. 1 at the right hip, No. 4 at the left hip,
and that the positions of Nos. 2 and 3 are always at the
ankle and shoulder, respectively, on the right or left of
the patient, as the command may be; if right, they are
§. º side of No. 1; if left, they are on each side of
O. 4.
These movements assume that the patient is lying on
his back; but as in the field he will often lie on his face
or side, the bearers should be practiced in promptly
taking their proper positions under all circumstances.
These positions are taken by the bearers, whatever
may have been their previous positions or duties.
00. 1. Prepare to ſift, 2. LIFT.
At the first commandall the bearers kneel on the knee
nearest the patient's feet (right knee if on the right of
the patient, and on the left knee if on his left); No. 2
pº both forearms under the patient's legs, care-
ully supporting the fracture, if there be one; Nos. 1
and 4 pass their arms under the small of his back and
thighs, not locking hands; No. 3 passes one hand under
his neck to the further armpit, with the other support-
ing the nearer shoulder.
At the second command all lift together slowly and
carefully and place the patient upon the knees of the
three bearers. As soon as he is firmly supported there,
the bearer on the free side (No. 1 or 4) relinquishes his
hold, passes quickly and by the shortest line to the lit-
ter, which he takes up by the middle, one pole in each
hand, and returning rapidly places it under the patient
and against the bearers' ankles.
101. 1. Lower, 2. PATIENT.
The free bearer, No. 1 or 4, stoops and assists the
other numbers in gently and carefully lowering the
patient upon the litter. The bearers then rise and at
once resume their positions at litter posts (par. 68).



48
102. To unload, posts are taken at patient as in load-
ing. At the commands: j
.1. Prepare to lift, 2. LIFT (Par. 100),
they raise him upon the knees, the free bearer removes
the litter, and at lower patient, they lower him carefully
to the ground.
103. In the field, Nos. 1 and 4 going ahead, having
reached the patient and taken position on their respec-
tive sides, remove his arms and accouterments and
examine him to determine the site and nature of the
injury; they administer restoratives, if required, and
º ly such dressings or splints as are needful or avail-
able. As soon as Nos. 2 and 8 reach the patient, they
ºp. as far as may be necessary, in rendering this first

8.101.
104. The drill should be made as nearly as possible
like service in actual warfare. For this #. a diag-
nosis tag having been attached to the clothing of the
“wounded,” indicating the site and character of the
;. to be dressed before loading, they are directed
to take positions at variable distances, in or out of
sight, such as they would occupy on the battlefield.
105. The litter being at the carry, at the commands:

1. Search for wounded, 2. MARCH;

each leader assumes charge of his squad and proceeds
independently. Nos. 1 and 4 at once start ahead to
search, but without losing sight of the litter, which
follows in quick time, taking the double time as soon
as a patient is discovered. The litter is halted and
opened (by No. 3's commands) in the most convenient
osition near the patient. The injury having been
#. No. 1 commands:


49
106. 1. At patient, 2. Right (or left), 3. Posts.
As a rule, the command should be right or left,
according as the right or left side of the patient is
jº so that by having the three bearers on that
side a better support may be given to the wounded
parts.
107. In the field, when the ground on which the
patient lies is such that the litter can not be placed di-
rectly under him, it should be placed as near him as
ssible, and preferably in a direction parallel to, or in
ine with him, when it will be necessary to carry the
t Fº to the litter, instead of the litter to the patient.
such case, the bearers having brought the patient
upon their knees, as described in par. 100, at the com-
mand rise, take firm hold of him and rise, and at march,
carry him forward, or by the flank as directed. From
this position he is first lowered to the knees of the
bearers, and thence placed upon the litter or ground.
108. At the commands:

1. Cease, 2. DRILLING,
the squads re-form in line and lower litters, when the
Fº if still upon the litters (the dressings, if any,
aving been removed), are directed to rise and resume
their posts, after which the litters are strapped.
POSITION OF PATIENT ON THE LITTER.
109. The position of a patient on the litter depends
on the character of his injury. An overcoat, blanket,
.knapsack, or other suitable and convenient article,
should be used as a pillow to give support and a slightly
raised position to the head. If the patient is faint, the
head should be kept low. Difficulty of breathing in
wounds of the chest is relieved by a sufficient jå.

$38–4
50
underneath. In wounds of the abdomen the best
sition is on the injured side, or on the back if the
ont of the abdomen is wounded, the legs in either
case being drawn up, and a pillow or other available
object placed under the knees to keep them bent.
In an injury of the upper extremity, calling for litter
transportation, the best position is on the back, with
the injured arm laid over the body or suitably placed
by its side, or on the uninjured side, with the wounded
arm laid over the body. In injuries of the lower ex-
tremity the patient should be on his back, or inclining
toward the wounded side; in cases of fracture of either
lower extremity, if a splint can not be applied, it is
always well to bind both limbs together.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
110. In moving the patient either with or without
litter, every movement should be made deliberately and
as gently as possible, having special care not to jar the
injured part. The command steady will be used to
prevent undue haste or other irregular movements.
111. The loaded ſitter should never be lifted or ſo wered
without orders. -
112. The rear bearer should watch the movements
of the front bearer and time his own by them, so as to
insure ease and steadiness of action.
113. The number of steps per minute will depend on
the weight carried and other conditions affecting each
individual case.
114. The handles of the litter should be held in the
hands at arm’s length and supported by the º:
Only under the most exceptional conditions should the
handles be supported on the shoulders.


51
Par. 118. Passing AN obstacle.

52
115. The bearers should keep the litter level not-
withstanding any unevenness of the ground.
116. In making ascents or descents, the rear or front
handles should be raised to bring the litter to the proper
level, Nos. 1 and 4 supporting the poles on their respec-
tive sides. With only three bearers, the free bearer
takes hold of the handle on his side.
117. As a rule the patient should be carried on the
litter feet foremost, but in going up hill his head should
be in front; in case of fracture of the lower extremi-
ties, he is carried up hill feet foremost, and down hill
head foremost; to prevent the weight of the body from
pressing down on the injured part.

TO PASS OBSTACLES.
118. A breach should be made in a fence or wall for
the passage of the litter, if there be no gate or other open-
ing, but should it be necessary to surmount the obstacle,
the commands are given; g
1. 0bstacle, 2. MARCH.
At obstacle, Nos. 1 and 4 close in to side of litter, º
poles with both hands and support it; at march, No. 2
slips loops from handles and climbing over, receives litter
as it advances (facing to the front); Nos. 1 and 4 then
pass the obstacle and resume their places at the poles
when the litter is carried over; No. 3, slipping loops
from handles now also climbs over and takes his place
between the handles; the slings having been adjusted
without halting, Nos. 1 and 4 resume their posts.
119. The passage of a narrow cut or ditch is effected
in a similar manner; Nos. 1 and 4 bestride or descend
into the cut, support and advance the litter until No. 2
has crossed and resumed his hold, when the litter is


53
Par. 121. Sur Mounting an Obstaciº.

54
carried over; No. 3 then crosses and all resume their
places.
120. In crossing a running stream, or broken or other-
wise difficult ground, or going up or down a hill, Nos.
1 and 4 give support on their respective sides of the litter
at the command obstacle, (par. 118); or the litter may
be carried by four, (par. 77).
121. To surmount an obstacle over 5 feet high, the
litter being lifted by four (par. 77), the commands are
given:
1. Raise, 2. LITTER;
when the litter is carefully raised to the level of the
obstacle and passed over until the front legs have cleared
it, where it is rested; Nos. 2 and 4 cross the obstacle
and resume hold of their handles on the other side; the
litter is then advanced until only the rear handles rest
upon the obstacle, when Nos. 1 and 3 get over and
resume hold of their handles; the litter is then lowered.
122. To pass a wide cut or ditch, the litter being
lowered with the front legs near the edge, Nos. 2 and 4
descend into the cut, take hold of the front handles and
the movement proceeds as in par. 121.
TO CATRY A. LOADED LITTER UPSTAIRS.
123. A loaded litter is usually carried upstairs head
front, and downstairs feet front, as follows: The litter
is marched to the foot of the stairs in the usual manner,
wheeled about, halted, and lowered, when the com:
mands are given: -
1. Prepare for stairs, 2. LIFT, 3. MARCH.
At the first command, No. 4 steps to the handle
nearest him at the foot of the litter, which he grasps
5
5
~
Ø
II/2.
%
-
-,
º:º
%
-
---
-
-
-
-
Par. 123. CARRYING A Loaded Litten Upstairs.

sº 56
firmly with both hands, while No. 2 grasps the opposite
handle; No. 3 faces about, stoops, replaces loops and
grasps handles. At lift, the litter is lifted, and at march,
carried up by Nos. 8, 2, and 4, the rear bearers (Nos. 2
and 4) º: it as level as ible by raising their
end, and, if necessary, resting the handles on shoulders.
They must carefully watch the patient to prevent acci-
dent. In this movement No. 1 falls out and accompanies
litter, to render any assistance required.
If the litter is to be carried any considerable distance,
it must be lowered as soon as possible after the stairs
are mounted, and the usual positions resumed.

TO CARRY A. LOADED LITTER DOWNSTAIRS.

124. As the litter approaches the stairs, the com-
mand Prepare for stairs is given, when No. 4 advances
to left front handle, which he grasps firmly with both
hands, while No. 2 #. the opposite handle. The
front bearers, as the descent proceeds, bring handles to
shoulders, if necessary, to keep the litter as level as pos-
sible; the rear bearer carefully observes patient to see
that no accident happens to him. When the level is
reached the usual positions are resumed. . When neces-
*:::: litter may be lowered at the head of the stairs.
When, for any reason, it is necessary to c a patient
feet first upstairs or head first downstairs, the bearers
are simply reversed, in the former case No. 2 becoming
gº bearer, and in the latter No. 3, who is assisted by
O. 1.


To LoAD AND UNLOAD witH REDUCED NUMBERs.
125. In loading with reduced numbers, No. 2 or 8
(absent) is ordinarily replaced by No. 4 or 1, respec-
tively, while Nos. 1 and 4 replace each other (par. 52).
N
-
N |-- § -
Par. 124. CARRYING A Loaded Litter Downstairs.
N \ |\\ N ºf
==---T






58
With three bearers the litter is placed as usual, and
at the prescribed commands the bearers take their
proper positions. The patient having been lifted by
the three bearers, is supported on the knees of the two
on one side, while the third (No. 1 or 4) places the litter
in position under him.
26. Another method for three bearers, when it is
necessary to carry the patient to the litter, is as follows:
Two bearers take their positions on the same side oppo-
site the knee and hip, while the third stands by the
opposite hip. At the usual commands the two bearers
at the hips stoop, and raising the patient to a sitting
position, place each one hand and arm around the back
and interlock the fingers of the other hand, palms up,
under the upper part of the thighs. The patient, if
able, clas is arms around their necks. The third
bearer (No. 2 or 4) supports the lower extremities with
both arms passed under them, one above, the other
below the knee.
127. If only two bearers are available (e. g., Nos. 2
and 3), the patient is necessarily always carried to the
litter. No. 2 proceeds by the right and No. 3 by the
left, and take position on opposite sides of the patient
near his hips. They lift the patient as directed ‘. -
145), the legs remaining unsupported, and carry him
feet foremost over the near end of the litter.
In case of fractured lower extremity, the two bearers
kneel on the injured side, raise the patient upon their
knees, and take firm hold of him, No. 2 supporting both
lower extremities, while No. 8 supports the body, the
patient clasping his arms around his neck, when they rise.
28. To unload with three bearers, posts are taken
at patient as in loading. At the commands:




- 1. Prepare to Lift, 2. LIFT (Par. 100),
they raise him upon the knees, No. 1 (or 4) removes

60
the litter, and at lower patient, they lower him carefully
to the ground.
129. With two bearers, they form a two-handed seat
(par. 145), and lift the patient off the litter. In the
case of fracture, they stand on the same side, and kneel-
ing (par. 127), lift him upon their knees, then rise and
take two steps backward to clear the litter, when they
lower him to their knees and then to the ground.
TO TRANSFER PATIENT FROM LITTER TO BED OR ANOTHER
, LITTER.
130. From liffer to bed: With four or three bearers
the litter is placed at the foot of the bed, as nearly as
possible in line with it; the bearers taking their posi-
tions (all on one side if only three), lift the patient upon
their knees, then, at the command rise, taking firm hold
of him, they rise, and, moving cautiously by side steps
to the bedside, lower him upon the bed.
With two bearers, the patient is likewise first lifted
upon their knees, then carried by side steps to the bed.
131. From ſitter to ſitter: The patient is lifted upon
the knees of the bearers, the litter removed and replaced
by the other litter.
IMPROVISATION OF LITTERS.
132. Many things can be used for this purpose:
Camp cots, window shutters, doors, benches, boards,
ladders, etc., properly padded.
Litters may be made with sacks or bags of any de-
scription, if large and strong enough, by ripping the
bottoms and passing two poles through them and tying
crosspieces to the poles to keep them apart; two, or

61

62
even three, sacks placed end to end on the same poles
may be necessary to make a safe and comfortable litter.
Bedticks are used in the same way by slipping the
poles through holes made by snipping off the four cor-
IlêTS.
Pieces of matting, rug, or carpet, trimmed into shape,
may be fastened to poles by tacks or twine.
Straw mats, leafy twigs, weeds, hay, straw, etc.,
covered or not with a blanket, will make a good bottom
over a framework of poles and cross sticks.
Better still is a litter with bottom of ropes or raw-
º: strips whose turns cross each other at close inter-
Vºl S.
133. But the usual military improvisation is by
means of rifles and blankets. Each squad should be
supplied with two rifles (bayonets fixed), carried by
Nos. 1 and 3, who assure themselves that they are
unloaded, and a regulation blanket rolled up, and car-
ried by No. 4 over right shoulder. The detachment
being in line, is formed in column of fours (par. 25),
when the commands are given:


1. For blanket lifter, 2. MARCH.
At march, Nos. 2 and 4 step two paces forward, and
Nos. 1 and 3 place themselves behind them.
1. Prepare, 2. BLANKET LITTER.
Nos. 2 and 4 face about; No. 4 takes blanket roll and
passes one end to No. 2, when Nos. 1 and 3 seize free
edge of blanket (with free hands) as near the corners
as possible; Nos. 2 and 4 step backward till the blanket
is unrolled, when all stoop and place it smoothly on the
ground. Nos. 1 and 3 lay rifles under edges of blanket,
trigger guard in, muzzles toward 2 and 4, somewhat

63
converging, when all roll blanket tightly about rifles,
an equal number of turns on each piece, until the space
between them measures 20 inches, and stand erect.
134. The blanket litter is lifted by four as in par. 77.
It may be carried in any direction, and all movements
of loading, unloading, etc., are executed as laid down
for the hand litter.
135. When no longer required, the commands are
given:
e 1. Take apart, 2. BLANKET LITTER.
The bearers having resumed their original positions,
face the litter, stoop and unroll blanket on their respec-
tive sides; Nos. 1 and 3 take up the rifles and stand at
the order; Nos. 2 and 4 fold the blanket lengthwise,
then roll it tightly, when No. 4 places the roll upon his
shoulder and all stand facing to the front.
At form, rank, each squad is re-formed as in par. 67.
The column of fours may now be re-formed into line
(par. 33).
136. Should it be desirable, by reason of the patient's
condition, or because of reduced numbers of the squad,
the following method may be used:
One-half of the blanket is rolled lengthwise into a
cylinder, which is placed along the back of the patient,
who has been turned carefully on his side. The patient
is then turned over upon the blanket and the cylinder
unrolled on the other side. The rifles are then laid
down and rolled tightly in the blanket, each a like num-
ber of turns, until the side of the body of the patient is
reached, when they are turned trigger guards up.
137. A litter may also be prepared with two rifles
and two or three blouses, by turning the blouses lining
out, and buttoning them up, sleeves in, when the rifles
are passed through the sleeves, the backs of the blouses
forming the bed. *
\
64
Two bearers may carry the wounded man in these
improvisations, but it is better, whenever possible, that
four men should do so, two on each side. -
METHODS OF REMOVING WOUNDED WITH-
OUT LITTERS.
FOR ONE BEARER.
138. While it is not desirable that one bearer should,
ordinarily, be required or permitted to lift a patient
unassisted, emergencies may arise when a knowledge of
proper methods of lifting and carrying by one bearer is
of the utmost value.
A single bearer may carry a patient in his arms, on
his back, or across his shoulder.
To bring the patient into any of these positions, the
first steps are as follows:
139. To ſift the patient erect.
The bearer, turning patient on his face, steps astride
body, facing toward the head, and with hands in his
armpits lifts him to his kness, then clasping hands over
the abdomen, lifts him to his feet; he then with the
left hand seizes the patient by the left wrist and draw-
ing the left arm about his (the bearer's) neck holds it
against his left chest, the patient's left side resting
against his body, and supports him with his right arm
about the waist.
I 140. From this position the bearer proceeds as fol-
OWS :
To lift the patient in arms.
The bearer, with his right arm behind patient's back
passes his left under thighs and lifts him into position.
Par, 139, LIFTING PATIENT ERect.
3.38–5

66
To place patient astride of back.
141. The bearer shifts himself to the front of patient,
back to him, stoops, and grasping his thighs, brings
him well up on his back.
As the patient must help himself by placing his arms
around the bearer's neck, this method is impracticable
with an unconscious man.
To place the patient across back.
142. The bearer with his left hand seizes the right
wrist of the patient and draws the arm over his head
and down upon his left shoulder, then shifting himself
in front, stoops and clasps the right thigh with his right
arm passed between the legs, his right hand seizing the
patient's right wrist; lastly, he, with his left hand
grasps the patient's left and steadies it against his side,
when he rises.


To place patient across shoulder.
143. The bearer clasps his hands about the patient's
waist, shifts himself to the front, facing him, and stoop-
ing places his right shoulder against the abdomen; he
passes his right hand and arm between the thighs—
securing the right thigh—and with his left grasps
patient's right hand, bringing it from behind under his
(bearer's) left armpit, when, the wrist being firmly
grasped by his right hand, he rises. This position leaves
the left hand free. -
144. In lowering patient from these positions the
motions are reversed. Should a patient be wounded in
such manner as to require these motions to be conducted
from his right side, instead of left, as laid down, the
change is simply one of hands—the motions proceed as
directed, substituting right for left, and vice versa.



Par, 142, PATIENT Across Back

68
FOR TWO BEARERS.
By the two-handed seat.
145. The patient lying on the ground, the commands
are given :
1. Form two-handed seat, 2. Prepare to lift, 3. LIFT.
At the first command the two bearers take position
facing each other on the right and left of the patient
near his hips.
At the second command they raise the patient to a
sitting posture, pass each one hand and arm around his
back, while the other hands are passed under the thighs,
palms up, and the fingers interlocked.
At lift both rise together.
In marching, the bearers should break step, the right
bearer starting with the right foot, the left bearer with
the left foot.
By the extremities.
146. This method requires no effort on the part of
the patient; but it is not applicable to severe injuries
of the lower extremities. 8. bearer stands by the
patient's head, the other between his legs, both facing
toward the feet. At prepare to ſift, the rear bearer
having raised the patient to the sitting posture, clasps
him from behind around the body under the arms,
while the front bearer, standing between the legs,
passes his hands from the outside under the flexed
knees. At lift, both bearers rise together.

By the rifle seat.
147. A good seat may be made by running the bar-
rels of two rifles through the sleeves of an overcoat,
buttoned as in par. 187, so that the coat lies back up,

70
collar to the rear. The front bearer rolls the tail tightly
around the barrels and takes his grasp over them; the
rear bearer holds by the butts, trigger guards up.
148. A stronger seat is secured in the following
Iſlanner . -
A blanket being folded once from side to side, a rifle
is laid º it transversely across its center so that the
butt and muzzle project beyond edges; one end of the
blanket is folded upon the other end and a second rifle
laid upon the new center in the same manner as before.
The free end of the blanket is folded upon the end con-
i.; the first rifle so as to project a couple of inches
beyond the first rifle. The litter is raised from the
ground with trigger guards up.


TO PLACE A PATIENT ON HORSEBACK.
149. The help required to mount a disabled man will
depend on the site and nature of his injuries; in many
cases he is able to help himself materially. If he be
entirely helpless, five men—if available-should be used
to mount him, one to hold the horse, the others to act
as bearers. The horse is, if necessary, blindfolded.
To load from the near side, the bearers take posts at
patient ſeft, lift the patient and at the command prepare
to mount carry him to horse, his body parallel to that of
the horse, his head toward the horse's tail. No. 1
stands on the off side of the horse ready to grasp the
right leg of the patient when it is brought within his
reach. *vie. close to the horse's side, at the command
mount, the patient is carefully raised and carried over
the horse until his seat reaches the saddle, when he is
raised into position.
When necessary to load from the off side the bearers
take posts at patient right.
Par. 145. Two-handed SEAT.

72
To mount with the assistance of three or two bearers
the same principle is observed.
150. To dismount, at the commands,
1. At patient, 2. Right (or left), 3. Posts, 4. Prepare to
dismount, 5. DISMOUNT,
the movements are reversed.
151. The patient once mounted should be made as
safe and comfortable as possible. A comrade may be
mounted behind him to hold him and guide the horse;
otherwise, a lean-back must be provided, made of a
blanket roll, a pillow, or a bag filled with leaves or
grass. If the patient be very weak, the lean-back can
be made of a sapling bent into an arch over the cantle
of the saddle, its ends securely fastened, or of some
other framework to which the patient is bound.
THE TRAVOIS.
152. The travois is a vehicle intended for transport-
ing the sick or wounded when the use of wheeled vehi-
cles or other means of transportation is impracticable.
It consists of a frame, having shafts, two side poles and
two crossbars, upon which a litter may be rested and
partly suspended. When in use a horse or mule is at-
tached to the shafts and pulls the vehicle, the poles of
which drag on the ground. One pole is slightly shorter
than the other, in order that in passing an obstacle the
shock may be received successively by each and the mo-
tion be equably distributed. *
153. §. 4 procures the animal, sees that it is properly
harnessed, and keeps charge of it. The travois having
been procured by Nos. 2 and 3, the commands are given:

73
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74
154. 1. Prepare, 2. TEAvors.
Nos. 1 and 8 take posts (left and right respectively) at
the ring (or front) ends of the shafts, and No. 2 at the
shoe (or rear) ends of the side poles. They pull the
shafts forward through the collars until fully extended;
then Nos. 1 and 8 place the front crossbar over the
front ends of the side poles, driving it home until its
collars strike the front collars of the side poles, and No.
2 passes the collars of the rear crossbar (keeping upper-
most the surface on which are the flat bolts) over the
rear ends of the poles, pushing them forward until they
reach the squared places, beyond the bolt slots, when the
barrel bolts are thrown into place.


155. 1. Hitch, 2. TRAvors. *
Nos. 1 and 8 hitch the travois. If the animal has an
ordinary wagon harness, the rings on the front ends of
the shafts are put over the iron hooks on the hames,
and the toggle of each trace chain is fastened to the
ring of the corresponding side pole. If it is saddled, the
rings on the front ends of the shafts are fastened to the
pommel of the saddle by means of the straps that belong
fºre and the shafts secured by a surcingle passed over


811.
The saddle should have a breast strap, if practicable.
156. Nos. 1, 2, and 3 having taken their posts at
litter, the travois is loaded as in ambulance drill (pars.
169 and 170), by the commands:
1. Take post to load travois, 2. MARCH.
1. Prepare to load, 2. LoAD.
At load, the three bearers slowly raise the litter and
it lengthwise over the travois. Nos. 1 and 3 slip
the handles of the litter through the leather loops on the

76
front ends of the side poles, and set the front legs into
the mortises, securing them by the bolts, when they
take posts at travois, facing the animal, No. 1 at the
º right shoulder, No. 3 at his left, and No. 2 at
is feet.
157. The squad being at travois posts, at the com-
mands:
1. Prepare to unload, 2. UNLoAD,
the movements are reversed and the litter lowered clear
of the travois. * -
158. The travois may be loaded or unloaded by two
bearers who take posts opposite each other at mid-length
of litter which they lift on or off the travois, grasping
each pole with both hands. -
159. The travois being unloaded, at the commands:
1. Unhi, ch, 2. TRAVOIS.
The travois is unhitched by Nos. 1 and 3, and the
animal led out by No. 4.
1. Pack, 2. TRAVOIs.
Nos. 1, 2, and 3 at their respective posts remove the
rear and front crossbars, then slip the shafts backward
under the side poles and secure all by the cross straps.
160. A travois may be improvised by cutting poles
about 15 feet long and 2 inches in diameter at the small
end. These poles are laid parallel to each other, small
ends to the front and 24 feet apart; the large ends about
3 feet apart, and one of them projecting 8 or 10 inches
beyond the other. The poles are connected by a cross-
bar about 6 feet from the front ends and another about
6 feet back of the first, each notched at its ends and
securely lashed at the notches to the poles. Between
the crosspieces the litter bed, 6 feet long, is filled in
*
few ree
with canvas, blanket, etc., securely fastened to the
poles and crossbars, or with rope, lariat, rawhide strips,
etc., stretching obliquely from pole to pole in many
turns, crossing each other to form the basis for a light
mattress or improvised bed; or a litter may be made
fast between the poles to answer the same purpose.
The front ends of the poles are then securely fastened
to the saddle of the animal. A breast strap and traces
should, if possible, be improvised and fitted to the
horse. On the march, the bearers should be ready to
lift the rear end of the travois, when passing over ob-
stacles, crossing streams, or going uphill.


THE TWO-HORSE LITTER.
161. The two-horse litter consists of a litter with long
handles used as shafts for carrying by two horses, or
mules, one in front, the other in rear of the litter. It
accommodates one recumbent patient. On a good trail
it is preferable to the travois, as the patient lies in the
horizontal position, and, in case of fractured limbs they
can.easily be secured against disturbance. This litter
may be improvised in the same manner as the travois,
only the poles should be 164 feet long, and the crossbars
forming the ends of the litter bed should be fastened 5
feet from the front and rear ends of the poles. The ends
are made fast to the saddles by notches, into which the
fastening ropes are securely tied. *
162. A patient is placed upon a horse litter after it
is hitched, and removed from it before it is unhitched,
in the same general manner as when lowered upon or
lifted from a bed or other litter. .


78
THE AMEULANCE.

163. The regulation ambulance is a four-wheeled
vehicle, drawn by two horses. It provides transporta-
tion for eight men sitting or two recumbent on litters,
or four sitting and one recumbent. It is fitted with
four removable seats, which, when not used as such, are
hung, two against each side, thus answering the pur-
pose of cushions. The floor is 74 feet long and 4 feet
wide. Beneath the driver's seat is a box for the medi-
cal and surgical chests, and under the body are two
water tanks; outside, on each side, are two brackets
upon which litters are carried.
AMBULANCE DRILL.”
164. The litters are said to be packed when they are
strapped and placed upon the brackets. The seats are
said to be prepared when they are horizontal, supported
by the legs; and packed when they are hooked against
the sides of the wagon.
* With the old pattern ambulance, which has a litter rest and special
litters (the latter carried suspended each by two straps from the hand rails)
and which will not accommodate the regulation litter, the bearers proceed -
as follows: After the seats are packed, No. 2 the two rear roilers to
No. 3 and adjusts the two front rollers; they then, beginning on the right,
unbuckle the straps, place the litter upon the rollers, and resume their
posts. No. 1 then commands: Procure litter, about face, when the litter is
brought to the carry and opened; after which the patient is transferred to
the ambulance litter ...? loaded. After the patient is unloaded and trans-
ferred to the regulation litter, No. 1 commands: At ambulance litter posts,
when the litter is closed, shouldered, and returned to ambulance; he then
marches his squad back to the regulation litter. ... To prepare seats, the litters
are suspended, beginning on the right, the rollers are returned to their
compartment, and the seats prepared.

79
To take posts at ambulance.
165. Being in line:
1. At ambulance, 2. Posts.
The designated squad marches in column of files to the
ambulance; when No. 1 takes post on the left, No. 2 in
the center, and No. 3 on the right of the rear of the
ambulance and close to it, No. 4 on the right of No. 3.

U-Jº
I - 2 3 4
In the case of a litter lowered in rear of ambulance
preparatory to loading, head of patient toward it, at the
command posts, each No. faces about and proceeds
directly to his post.
This is the invariable position of the squad at ambu-
‘ance posts; it may be taken from any position (the lit-
ter, if any, being grounded or lowered), and when disar-
ranged, from whatever cause, the squad may be
reassembled by these commands for service at the am-
bulance.
166. The ambulance having seats packed and the
Squad being at ambulance posts:

1. Prepare, 2. SEATs.
Nos. 1 and 3 raise the curtain, if necessary, and open
the tail gate; Nos. 2 and 3 enter the ambulance, No. 2
facing the front and No. 3 the rear seat of their respec-
tive sides. Each man seizes the lower edge of the seat.
about 6 inches from the ends with both hands and lifts
it carefully to free the hooks from the upper slots, and
then slips them into the lower slots; he raises the legs

80
and adjusts them to the seat, fastening the keepers, and
tries the seat for firmness before leaving it. He then
prepares in like manner the opposite seat. Nos. 3 and 2
now resume their places at ambulance posts. -
167. The ambulance having seats prepared, and the
squad being at ambulance posts:
1. Pack, 2. SEATS.
Nos. 1 and 3 raise the curtain, if necessary, and open
the tail gate, Nos. 2 and 3 enter the ambulance, No. 2
facing the front and No. 3 the rear seat of their respec-
tive sides. Each man having pushed aside the keepers
covering the slots, releases the legs, then seizing the
front of the seat with both hands, raises the seat to
clear the hooks from the lower slots and slips them into
the upper slots. He then packs in like manner the
opposite seat. Nos. 3 and 2 now resume their posts at
ambulance. -
168. Seats can be prepared or packed on one side only,
(leaving room on the packed side for one recumbent pa-
tient) by the commands: Prepare (or pack) seats, right
(or left).
169. The litter being fifted, at the commands:
1. Take post to ſoad ambulance, 2. MARCH:
the squad proceeds to the ambulance. No. 4, starting
ahead in double time, lays the arms and accouterments
of the patient (which he carries) on the ground by the
right rear wheel; he then raises the curtain, if neces-
sary, opens the tail gate, observes the condition of the
ambulance and (resuming his post at the litter) reports
it to the squad leader. Upon approaching the ambu-
lance the litter is wheeled about so that the head of the
patient is toward the rear of the ambulance and two
338–6

82
paces from it, when the litter is halted and lowered.
If it be necessary to prepare the ambulance before load-
ing, the squad takes posts at ambulance, No. 4 remain-
ing in charge of the patient; if ready for the reception
of the litter the commands are given:
1. Prepare to load, 2. LoAD.
170. At the first command No. 2 faces about, No. 3
steps around his left handle and takes post at the pa-
tient's left shoulder; No. 1 takes post opposite No. 3;
all facing the litter stoop, No. 2 grasping his handles,
and Nos. 1 and 3 their respective poles; No. 4 watches
the patient and otherwise renders any needful assistance.
At load, the bearers slowly raise the litter to the level of
the floor of the ambulance and advance to it, being
careful to keep the litter in a horizontal position; the
legs are placed on the floor by Nos. 1 and 3, and the
litter pushed in by No. 2, assisted by the others. When
this is accomplished, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are in position at
ambulance posts. No. 4 places the arms and accouter-
ments of the patient (if any) under the litter, and then
takes his position on the right; Nos. 1 and 3 close the
tail gate and, if necessary, lower the curtain. The
squad may then be faced in any desired direction ar.”
marched away. -
171. The squad being at ambulance posts:

1. Prepare to unload, 2. UNLoAD.
At the first command, Nos. 1 and 3 raise the curtain,
if necessary, open the tail gate, and No. 2 takes hold of
the projecting handles of the litter; at unload, No. 2
draws out the litter, assisted by Nos. 1 and 3, who, fac-
ing inward, support the poles until the inner handles
83
are reached. The litter, carefully supported in a hori-
zontal position, is then lowered with the head of the
patient two paces in rear of wagon; No. 4 closes the
tail gate, and all take posts at litter.
172. To load with two bearers, the litter being
lowered in position for loading, at prepare to ſoad, the
bearers take posts on their respective sides, mid-length
of the litter and facing it; they stoop and grasp each a
pole firmly with both hands. At ſoad, they lift the litter
and push it into the ambulance.
At unload, each bearer grasping his handle, they partly
withdraw the litter, then shifting their hands to their
respective poles and facing each other they continue to
withdraw it until the head reaches the rear of the ambu-
lance, when they lift the litter out and lower it to the
ground.
173. The right side of the ambulance is always
loaded or unloaded first, unless otherwise ordered.
174. When necessary to load the feet first, at the
commands: By the feet, take post to load ambulance, march,
the litter is lowered with foot toward the ambulance,
when the loading proceeds as above described, except-
ing that No. 8 remains between his handles, No. 2 takes
post opposite the right ankle, and No. 4 opposite him.
175. At the conclusion of the drill with ambulahces
the detachment is re-formed in line.

TO PREPARE AND LOAD ORDINARY WAGONS TO TRANS-
PORT WOUNDED.
176. In active service, the use of the ordinary army
or other wagons for transporting the sick and wounded
is of everyday occurrence, and it is important that bear-
ers should practiced in preparing, loading, and
unloading such vehicles, Patients may be laid on straw

84

or other like material spread thickly over the bottom
of the wagon, or on hand litters placed on the bottom,
or suspended by ropes or straps. The movements here-
tofore fully described, to ſoad and unload, will, if thor-
oughly understood, meet the requirements of any
emergency of this character. It must, however, always
be remembered that such work demands a far greater
amount of care on the part of the bearers, for the safety
and comfort of their patients, than when the proper
appliances are at hand.

INSPECTION AND MUSTER.
INSPECTION OF Detachment.

177. Iº. is in such uniform as may be pre-
scribed. The Hospital Corps pouch is worn with all
uniforms, suspended from the left shoulder to the rear
over the right hip.
The detachment should be frequently inspected in the
uniform and equipment for field service, which consist
of the blouse, trousers, campaign hat, shoes, and leg-
gings, the waist belt, pouch and sling, the haversac
and 'canteen suspended from the right shoulder to the
rear over the left hip, and the tin cup hung from the
* strap of the haversack. r
required, a revolver is carried at the belt on the
right side and a cartridge pouch on the left.
178. The detachment being formed, the senior non-
commissioned officer salutes, . and takes his place
on the right of the line of file closers (par. 8).
The officer commanding, standing in front of the center
of the detachment, then draws sword and commands:

1. Open ranks, 2. MARCE 3. FRONT.
85
At the first command the senior noncommissioned
officer steps one pace to the rear to mark the new align-
ment of the file closers; the medical officers above the
rank of lieutenant stand fast during the inspection; the
junior officers place themselves on the right and left of
the rank; the officer commanding goes to the right flank
and verifies the position of the senior noncommissioned
officer, then places himself facing to the left, three paces
in front of the right of the detachment, and commands:
MARCH. At this command the junior officers take post
three paces in front of the detachment, distributing
themselves equally along the line, in order of rank, from
right to left; the rank (the left hand above the hip)
dresses to the right; the file closers step backward to
the line established by the senior noncommissioned
officer, and dress to the right. -
The officer commanding aligns the officers and the
rank; the senior noncommissioned officer the file closers.
The officer commanding verifies the alignment of the
file closers; the officers and file closers cast their eyes to
the front as soon as their alignment is verified.
At the command front, the men cast their eyes to the
front and drop the left hand.
179. The officer commanding takes post facing to the
front, three paces in front of the right guide, and as the
inspector approaches, he faces to the left, commands:



1. Inspection, 2. Pouorſes,
and facing to the front salutes him.
At the second command the pouches are shifted under
the right arm to the front, the flap opened and held by
the left hand, fingers extended, palm against the body,
so that the flap strap covers the line of buttons, right
hand at side. -
86
As soon as inspected, the officer commanding returns
sword and accompanies the inspector. When the lat-
ter begins to inspect the rank, the junior officers face
about and stand at ease, sword at the order.
Commencing on the right, the inspector now pro-
ceeds to minutely inspect the pouch, accouterments
and dress of each soldier in succession. .
After the inspector has passed each man closes and
replaces the pouch. -
180. The inspection being completed, the junior of-
ficers come to attention, carry sword and face to the
front; the officer commanding again takes his post on
the right, draws his sword, and facing to the left com-
mands:
1. Close ranks, 2. MARCH.
At the command march, the junior officers face about
and resume their posts in line of file closers; the file
closers close to two paces from the rank. The officer
commanding may direct the junior officers to stand fast
in front of the detachment.
181. If the detachment, or part of it, should be
mounted, or armed with revolvers, it will be inspected
in this respect in accordance with cavalry drill regula-
tions. -
The clothing roll will be inspected, unrolled, on the
soldier's bunk at inspection of quarters.

INSPECTION OF LITTERS.
182. The detachment being in line with strapped
litters at the carry, the commands are given:
1. Litters left, 2. MARCH, 3. HALT.
1. Inspection. 2. LITTERS.
87
At litters No. 1 of each squad steps back in line with
No. 3, the litters are opened, held suspended until
inspected, and then lowered, when the squads take
posts at litters. -
INSPECTION OF AMBULANCES.
183. The ambulances being in line at intervals of
ten paces, with seats packed, each with a squad at
ambulance posts, the commands are given :
1. Inspection, 2. AMBULANCEs;
when each squad steps back three paces in rear of its
ambulance. The inspector first examines the animals
and harness, then the ambulance and contents, after
which he directs the seats to be prepared, or such other
work to be done as he desires executed.


MUSTER.
184. All stated musters of the detachment are, when
practicable, preceded by a minute and careful inspec-
tion.
The detachment being in line with ranks open, the
officer commanding, upon intimation of the mustering
officer, commands:
Attention to muster.
He then returns sword, and hands a roll of the Hos-
pital Corps detachment, with a list of absentees, to the
mustering officer. The latter calls over the names on
the roll; each man, as his name is called, answers,
“Here,” and steps forward one pace. The muster com-
pleted, the ranks are closed and the detachment dis-
missed. -
After mustering, the presence of the men reported in
the hospital or on duty is verified by the mustering
officer, who is accompanied by the officer commanding.
88
TENT DRILL AND PACKING.
185. The canvas of a field hospital consists of hos-
ital tents, conical wall tents, and common tents. The
hospital tents are intended for use as wards and dis-
pensary, the conical wall tents as squad and mess tents,
and the common tents as latrine covers.
Tentage for medical officers is not included in that
for the field hospital. Each medical officer is allowed
one wall tent complete.
HOSPITAL TENT.
186. A hospital tent is 14 feet long, 15 feet wide, and
11 feet to ridge, the wall being 44 feet high; it furnishes
comfortable accommodations for six patients, and
requires to pitch it a º and two upright poles,
seven long tent pins on each side for the guy ropes and
two on each side for the long guys, eighteen in all.
Twenty-four small pins are needed for the front, rear,
and walls.
187. The hospital tents should always be pitched first
in the field hospital. One squad (4 men) under the
direction of a noncommissioned officer is required.
Nos. 1 and 3 work in rear, Nos. 2 and 4 in front (posi-
tions as by four, prepare to ſift, par. 77).
188. At the commands:

1. Pitch hospital tent, 2. MARCH,
JNos. 1 and 2 procure canvas, Nos. 3 and 4 the poles.
Nos. 3 and 4 place the ridgepole on the ground as
directed, and th. uprights in position, usually on the
side opposite that from which the wind blows; then
get each two mauls, nine large and twelve Small pins,
which they drop at their respective ends of the tent;

89
after which they set a small pin at each end of the ridge
to mark the rear and front openings. Meanwhile, Nos.
1 and 2 unroll the tent and spread it out on both sides
of the ridgepole.
Nos.1 and 8 in rear, Nos. 2 and 4 in front, slip the


: #. of the uprights through the ridgepole and tent.
e fly (if used) is now placed in position over tent and
the loops of the long guys over the front and rear pole
pins. o. 1 secures center (door) loops over eenter
pin in rear, and No. 4 in front, and each goes to his
corner, No. 1 right rear, No. 2 right front, No. 3 left
rear, No. 4 left front. All draw bottom of tent taut
and square, the front and rear at right angles to the
ridge, and fasten it with pins through the corner loops;
then stepping outward two es from the corner pins
and one pace to the front (Nos. 2 and 4) or rear (Nos. 1

and º: each securely sets a long pin, over which is
passe
the extended corner guy rope. Nos. 1 and 3 now
go to rear, Nos. 2 and 4 to front pole and raise the tent
to a convenient height from the ground, when Nos. 2
and 3 enter and seize their respective poles, and all
together raise the tent until the upright poles are verti-
While Nos. 2 and 3 support the poles, Nos.1 and 4
#. the corner guys, beginning on the windward side.
e tent being thus temporarily secured, all set the
y pins and fasten the guy ropes, Nos. 1 and 2 right,



§. 3 and 4 left, and then the wall pins.
189. A wall tent or common tent is pitched in the
same manner as a hospital tent. Care must be taken
that the tent, is properly squared and pinned to the
ground at the door and four corners before being raised.
Q CONICAL WALL TENT. D
190. The conical wall tent is 16 ºr feet in diameter
and 11 feet to the peak. It is provided with a hood,
90
and will comfortably accommodate ten men, and may
be made to hold twice that number.
To pitch it requires a tripod, pole, forty-eight tent
pins, and a :*: (4 men) under the direction of a non-
commissioned officer. No. 1 works on the right, No. 4
on the left, No. 2 in front, No. 3 in rear (positions as
at ſitter, par. 68).
191. At the commands:
1. Pitch conical wall tent, 2. MARCH,

No. 1 and 2 procure canvas, No. 8, tripod and pole, and
No. 4 the tent pins and two mauls. They all unroll
the tent and spread it out near where it is to be pitched,
apex at its center. No. 1 having taken a maul and
three pins steps off eight paces directly outward (right
or left) from the front corner of the hospital tent, on a
line with its front, and drives two pins 2 feet apart, to
mark the door of the conical wall tent; he then meas-
ures with the tent pole from the middle point between
these pins directly backward, the far end of the pole
determining the center of the tent, which he also marks
with a pin; No. 3 places the tripod opened out flat,
with ring over the center pin, and lays the pole on the
ground, pin end at center pin. All now being at their
posts, bring the canvas over the tripod till its center
comes to the center pin and door at the front pins, when
No. 2 slips the wall loop at each side of door over front
pins. is is an important duty and upon its proper
performance depends the proper pitching of the tent.
Nos. 1 and 4 commencing at rear and front of tent re-
spectively, and working to the right and left, scatter
the pins and pull out the guy ropes. Nos. 2 and 8 take
each a maul, and commencing front and rear respect-



91
ively, work right and left of the tent, º; the guy
pins, placing them about one yard from the edge of the
tent, each on a line with a seam. As the pins are driven,
Nos. 1 and 4 place the ends of the guy ropes over them,
working on their respective sides. &#. the pins are
set, No. 2 creeps under the canvas, slightly raises the
tent and places the pin of the pole through the plate
attached to the chains at the top of the tent, and rais-
ing the pole, sets it in the ring of the º: No. 3 hav-
ing, from the outside, placed the h over the º
pin, enters the tent by creeping under, and assists No.
2 in raising the tripod, which being done, Nos. 1 and
4 tighten the guys; they then scatter the wall pins.
The tent having been secured, Nos. 2 and 8 now take
their posts outside and drive the wall pins, working
as before, No. 2 toward the right rear, and No. 8 to-
ward the left front; Nos. 1 and 4 straighten the tent
and fasten the hood guys.


In pitching, as soon as any man has completed his
assigned work, he assists the others until all have
finished.
192. The tents having been pitched, they should be
thoroughly ditched as soon as convenient.
193. To strike a tent: At the commands Strike tent,
march, the men take their posts; they first remove the
wall pins, and then all the guy pins on their respective
sides, except the four corner pins of the square tents, or
the quadrant pins of the conical wall tents. Standing
at their respective posts they remove the corner, or
3. guys from the pins and hold the tent until
the command Down is given, when the tent is lowered to
the indicated side. e canvas is then rolled up and
tied by Nos. 1 and 2, while Nos. 8 and 4 fasten the poles,
or tripod and pole, together, and collect the pins.
92
PACKING.
194. The pack equipment complete consists of
1 combination halter and bridle, with leading line;
1 breast strap and chains;
1 breechiſg strap and chains:
1 pack saddle, with parts as follows, viz:
1 inon yoke frame;
2 wooden side pieces;
2 side pads of leather, lined with blanket and stuffed
with hair;
4 small straps to fasten saddle and pads together;
2 pairs of quarter straps (each connected by a cross
strap) with rings and two cincha (latigo) straps
for each side;
2 webbing cinchas;
1 surcingle (cargo cincha);
2 pairs of sling ropes;
2 saddle blankets;
2 canvas chest covers. -
The purpose of this equipment is to permit of the
packing of the medical (No. 1) and surgical (No. 2)
chests, in the event of wheeled transportation being
impracticable.
t will be observed that the chests are so arranged
upon the saddle as to permit of immediate access to
their contents, to facilitate which the animal carrying
the pack must habitually be led.
One litter squad will be designated as packers, who
will see that the equipment is accurately fitted to the
animal, and will be responsible for its care and condition.
No. 1 brings the saddle and puts it on from the near
side; No. 2 bridles and blindfolds the animal, and holds
him, taking care that he is never moved without first
removing the blinder. He will also assist No. 1 in sad-
dling, working on the off side.




98
TO SADDLE.
195. Place the folded saddle blankets one above the
other, so that their front edges will come 2% inches in
front of where the pommel end of the saddle is to rest;
take the saddle by both yokes and place it squarely in
position, a little in rear of its proper place; place the
crupper under the dock and gently move the saddle
forward into position, taking care not to disarrange or
move the blankets; pass the latigo strap through the
free end of the front cincha and tighten and secure it;
then secure the rear cincha in the same manner, taking
care that the rings of the cinchas, when cinched, are
above the lower edge of the pads. Place the breast
º, in j. and fasten the chains of the breast
and breeching straps to the saddle. Pass the strap end
of the cargo cincha, to its mid-length, under the yoke
bars of the saddle, and throw both ends to the rear, off
of the saddle, taking care that the .# of the cincha
remains between the hooks of the saddle yoke.

TO LOAD.
196. Nos. 3 and 4 bring the chests, and, beginning
with the medical (No. 1) on the near side, hang them
upon the saddle, tºº. from the yoke hooks by two
rings permanently fastened to the back of each chest.
o. 1 having steadied the saddle by supporting the
medical (No. 1) chest until the surgical (No. 2) chest
is in place, then secures the load as follows:
No. 4 from the off side takes the strap end of the
. cincha, brings it over No. 2 chest, and passes it
under the animal's belly to No. 1, who, in the mean-
time, has º the buckle end of the cincha over
No. 1 chest; No. 1 then passes the strap through the

94
buckle, and, with the assistance of No. 4, draws the
cincha snug and buckles it.
Anything other than medical and surgical chests are
packed by means of the sling ropes.
No. 1 passes the sling ropes over the saddle to the off
side, until the cross strap, placed mid-length of the
ropes and joining them, comes parallel to the animal's
spine; Nos. 8 and 4 place the off-side pack well up on
the saddle, where No. 3 supports it with the left shoulder
and throws the ends of the sling ropes over his right
shoulder, in readiness to pass them over the pack; No. 4
then passes to the near side and assists No. 1 to place near
side pack well up on saddle, its edge, if possible, over-
lapping the upper edge of the off-side pack, where he
supports it; No. 1 takes the end of the front rope and
slipping it through loop passed to him by No. 3, secures
it, then passes to the .# side, secures the rear rope, the
loop of which is passed to him by No. 4. The packs
having been slung, are balanced, when No. 1 secures
them with the cargo cincha, passed over the pack and
under the animal's belly,


95
197. SCHEME FOR PACKING HospitaL Corps Pouch.

BEAR (in loops).
--º... .º.º. º. º.
&
Front.
Packet. Packet. Packet.
Packet. Packet. Packet.
BOTTOM.
Six roller bandages. Spool plaster.
96
198. SCHEME For PACKING or DERLY POUCH.

REAR (chiefly in loops).
Spools adhesive plaster.
Mist.
Chloro- -
Roll wire Hypodermic chloroformi
form in gauze, Bottle * syringe. et opii,
Càº;6, * | aromati in case.
ligatures. cus,
in flask.
FRONT.
º Packet. Packet.
? Pr:
# - E.
ſº i-Q
& Catheter, Pins. Diagnosis 9
in case. tags.
- Pocket
Packet. Cºb, Pucket.
In rāay at sorrow.
f Four packages gauze. Rubber tourniquet.
} Six roller bandages. Antiseptic tablets.

97.
CLOTHING ROLL.
199. The articles heretofore carried in the knapsack
or blanket bag will, together with the overcoat, be
rolled in the piece of shelter tent supplied each soldier,
and carried in the transportation wagon, or in the
ambulance when no other transportation is provided.
When the soldier is mounted and no wheel transporta-
tion is available, they will be carried on the saddle, as
directed in the drill regulations for the cavalry.
Contents:
1 woolen blanket;
1 blue flannel shirt;
1 undershirt;
1 pair drawers;
2 pair socks;
1 towel;
5 shelter tent pegs;
2 shelter tent poles;
1 overcoat.
The roll, which should, when completed, be 26 inches
in length, is packed as follows:
First, spread out the blanket upon the ground and
turn in its sides, making them overlap in such manner
that the blanket, when so folded, shall equal in width
the length of the longer shelter tent pole. Double the
blanket lengthwise, bringing the upper end 18 inches
short of the lower end. Upon the doubled end of the
blanket place, in the following order, the flannel shirt,
undershirt, socks, drawers, and towel, so folded as to
equal width of blanket.
ext, arrange pegs of shelter tent at upper end of
clothing, three on one side and two on the other,
points inward, bases flush with outer edge of clothing.
On these place the shoes, one on each side, soles up, toes



338—7
98
inward. Now roll tightly (beginning at bundle of cloth-
ing) as far as the blanket is doubled. Turn up the
remaining 18 inches of the blanket and pull the upper
thickness of this end over the bundle, thus securing it.
The poles are now laid upon the bundle, and the over-
coat, folded with its inside outward in such manner as
to equal the width of the previous bundle, is rolled
round the latter. Finally, the roll is completed by
spreading out the shelter-tent half, folding in the rear
flap, placing the bundle upon the flap, turning in the
sides of the tent and rolling tightly... The whole is now
secured by the straps furnished for the purpose.
200. HOSPITAL CORPS BUGLE CALL:
POSITION OF THE MEDICAL OFFICERS, HOSPITAL CORPS
DETACHMENT, AND AMBULANCES ON THE MARCH.
201. The position of the medical department of a
marching command is immediately in rear of the rear
company of the organization to which it pertains, and
in front of the rear guard.
With each ambulance is a driver and an ambulance
orderly.
In camp the ambulances and medical department
wagons are parked near the field hospital, and not with
the wagon train.

OUTLINES OF FIRST AID.
s===ºmº
GUNSHOT FILESH WOUNDS WITHOUT SERIOUS BLEEDING.
Use the contents of first aid packet as directed. Be
careful not to touch the wound with hands or anything
but sterilized compress. A foreign body projecting
from the wound may be removed.
THE TRIANGULAR BANDAGE.

The triangular bandage may be used as follows:
1. As a sling for the arm.—Put the forearm at right
angles to the arm; place the middle of the long side or
base of the triangle under the hand, and its apex beyond
the elbow; bring the half of the triangle nearest the
body up over the breast and shoulder of the uninjured
side and carry the other half over the shoulder of the
injured side, tying the ends at the back of the neck;
smooth out the apex and fold it snugly around the elbow,
then K. it in place. -
2. Folded lengthwise, as a cravat, to keep compresses
on wounds of the head, neck, or limbs, or to fix splints
in position.
8. For wounds of the hand.—Lay the hand on the open
triangle, fingers toward the apex and the wrist over
the middle of the base; turn the apex up over the hand,
and hold this part in position by crossing the ends of
the bandage over it and tying them aroun, the wrist.
- * no 'Y' '
o an .
(99) * * s > - ‘ .
- * * - -
100

4. For the foot.—Apply the bandage with apex toward
the toes; fold, as in the case of the hand, and make the
ends fast around the ankle.
5. For the chest.—Fasten the ends around the body;
draw the apex over one or the other shoulder and then
down in front or behind, fastening it to the girdle
formed by the base.
6. For the loins —Encircle the body with the base and
bring the apex up between the thighs, in front or behind,
to be fastened.
7. For the shoulder.—Tear a strip lengthwise from the
base of the triangle; pass the strip around the neck
on the injured side and tie it in the uninjured armpit.
Then make fast the triangle, by its base, around the arm
of the injured side and carry the apex up over the
shoulder, securing it to the strip already applied.
8. For the hip or thigh.--Two triangles are required.
Fold one and º, it as a belt around the body; fasten
the base of the other around the thigh and bring the
apex up over the wound, to be made fast to the belt.

BLEEDING FROM GUNSHOT OR OTHER WOUNDS.
Mere oozing of blood will stop when a compress and
bandage are applied. When bleeding is very free, ele-
vate the limb and make pressure with thumb or fingers
on the artery going to the part, until a rubber bandage
or improvised tourniquet can be applied. , sº
FOR BLEEDING FROM ANY PART OF THE ARM OR HAND.

Compress the artery against the bone at inner part of
the arm behind border of big muscle. Apply rubber
bandage or improvised tourniquet around arm just
below armpit. The pad of tourniquet should be placed
over the artery.

101
BLEEDING FROM ANY PART OF THIGH, LEG OR FOOT.
Press on artery at middle of the groin against the
bone and apply rubber bandage or improvised tourni-
uet a few inches lower down. If latter is used, place
the pad on a line running from middle part of the
groin to inside of knee.
BLEEDING FROM WOUNDS OF SHOULDER OR ARMPIT.
Press the thumb deeply into the hollow behind mid-
dle of collar bone until surgical assistance arrives.
BLEEDING FROM WOUNDS OF FOREHEAD.
Press on artery just in front of the ear; apply hard
compress over wound and bandage tightly.
BLEEDING FROM WOUNDS OF FACE.
Press on the artery in front of angle of jaw.
EXHAUSTION OR FAINTING—FROM SHOCK, LOSS OF BLOOD,
OVER.EXERTION, OR HEAT.
Place patient on his back with his head low; check
hemorrhage if it exists; loosen belts and clothing, and
give a stimulant (# teaspoonful aromatic spirits of
ammonia, or tablespoonful whisky).


SUNSTROKE.
With unconsciousness, hot skin, flushed face, con-
tracted pupils, perhaps convulsions: Place patient on
his back with his head raised, in the shade if possible; ,
remove or loosen his clothing; apply cold douche or ice
to head. Not to be mistaken for drunken stupor, which
102
is shown by dilated pupils, cool skin, and odor of
liquor.
RESUSCITATION OF APPARENTLY DRowNED.
Remove patient's coat and shirt; lay him on his face;
clasp hands under his belly and raise him to drain water
from lungs; place him on his back with a roll under his
shoulders; clean his mouth and nose; pull his tongue
forward and hold it with a dry handkerchief. To
expand the chest, kneel at his head, grasp an arm just
below the elbow with each hand; draw his arms out-
ward and then upward to sides of his head. To drive
air from the chest, bring patient's arms down along
sides and front of chest, pressing on them. Alternate
these movements about fifteen times per minute until
natural respiration begins, or for at least one hour.
Occasionally hold ammonia to his nose and slap his
chest with a cold, wet cloth. While these movements
are being made, remove his lower garments and dry
surface, rubbing toward the body.
FRACTURES.

Place the injured limb or part in as natural a position
as possible, and apply abandage or padded splints to keep
it immovable during transportation and until the case
can reach a surgeon. Articles available for splints are
rifles, swords, scabbards, ramrods, bayonets, pieces of
wood, lath or shingles, branches or twigs; for padding,
clothing, blankets, hay, straw, grass, or moss.
If there is a flesh wound, apply a compress and band-
age.
. Collar bone or shoulder blade.—Support the forearm and
hand in a sling; apply a bandage around the arm and
body. *
103
Arm bone.—Apply two splints, one in front and the
other behind, if the lower part of the bone is broken;
on inner and outer sides if the fracture is in the middle
or upper portion; support by sling. wº
Forearm.—Place thumb up and apply a splint along
the outer surface to wrist, and on the inner surface to
tips of fingers; support with sling.
Leg and thigh.-Apply splints on each side. In the
thigh the outside splint (a rifle may be used), should
extend from the armpit to below the foot. A blanket
with two rolls forming a trough for the limb is useful.
If no long splint is at hand, bind the injured limb to the
sound one.

I IN ID E X.
A.
Page.
Acting hospital stewards, equipment of, at drill 26
Alignment of detachment at tº º 8
Alignment of litter squads ------ 40
Ambulances, inspection of--- --- 87
Ambulances, parking of 98
Ambulances, position of, in column of march 98
Ambulance drill -------------------- ------ 78
Artificial respiration ------------------------ 19°
Assembly, the 6
Attention, the f fe 25
B.
Backward, to march 9
Bearers, to change during march- º, º sº * 36
Bed, transfer of patient from litter to -------------------------------- 60
Belts worn at drill ----------------------------- *
Blanket litter, preparation of---------------------------------------- 62
Bleeding from wounds, first aid in----------------------------------.. 100
Blood, loss of, shock from -------- 101
Brassards of company bearers 4- º º ºs 26
Bugle call of Hospital Corps------------------------------------------ 98
C.
Cadence in quick time 9
Carrying litter by four---------------------------------------------- 38
Carrying loaded litter downstairs - as ºs º ºs 56
Carrying loaded litter upstairs-------------------------------------- 64
Carrying patient by three bearers-----...---------------------------- 58
mº m ms º gº º º am as eas me m me wºº gº tº sº tº sº mºns ºe s sº wº s sº m m 68
Carrying patient by two bearers--------
- º (106)
106
Page.
Carrying patient in bearers' arms
Carrying patient on back or shoulders
Carry litter, from ground ** * =
Carry litter, from shoulder or order
Closed litter, the *—
Closing the litter -
Clothing roll
Column of files, from column of twos
Column of files, marching in
Column of fours, from twos or files gº
Column of fours, to form from line--
Column of fours, to form line from
Column of litters, from line
Column of litters, to extend or close-
Column of litters, section movements of
Columns of twos, to form from fours
Common tent, to pitch
* * * * * * seems as:
Company bearers, epuipment of, at drill------------------------------ 26
Conical wall tent, to pitch----- 89
D.
Detachment, the * 5
Detachment, the, inspection of - 84
Detachment, the, its position on the march 98
Detachment, the, muster of 87
Detachment, the, to dismiss -- 25
Detachment, the, to form 6
Detachment, the, to size 7
Diagnosis tags – 48
Dismissing the detachment - l 26
Distances, to extend in column of litters 40
Double time, to march in 12
Double time, to pass to quick time from 12
Drowned, resuscitation of the apparently g - 102
Dummy wounded, clothing and position of zº :26,48
107
E. .
Page.
Rquipment for drill ----------------------- 26
Rquipment for field service • 84
Equipment for packing 92
Exhaustion, first aid in---------------------------------------------- 101
- F.
Facing to the rear- º º ºs ºs º ºs 22
Fainting - tº-º º º º dºm 101
Fall in 25
Fall out 24
File closers------- g 5, 19, 21, 22, 24, 84, 85
File closers, to change flank 18
First aid, outline of ---- 99
Forming the detach A. sºmes 6
Fours right 15
Fractures, first aid in s 102
Front into line - 21
• G.
Ground litter, from the carry---. - 32
Grounded litter- 27
Guides -----------------------. - 6, 16, 19, 20,23
Gunshot flesh wounds without serious bleeding---. 99
- JBI.
Heat exhausti &= -dº tº
Horseback, to place patient on
Hospital Corps bugle call -
Hospital corps pouch, scheme for packing---------------------------.
Hospital stewards, equipment of, at drill-----------------------------
Hospital tent, to pitch-----------
i
: I.
, Inspection and muster
Improvisation of litters - th
:
!--- *—º-º-º-º-º----…—-----4--.... .
108
L.
Page.
Lifting the open litter--.. 37
Line, to form from column of fours 19
Litter closed 27
Litter, description of •. 25
Litter drill 25
Litter, grounded or open------------------ 27
Litter, how carried in the field 34
Litter, loaded, general directions for moving 50
Litter, loading and unloading 44
‘Litter, manual of 27
Litter open, carrying by four 38
Litter open, lifting the 37
Litter, position of patient on ----------------- 49
Litter sections, movements of 42
Litter squads 26
Litter squads, alignment of ---------------------- 40
Litter, strapped------------- 27
Litter, strapped, to open the 32
Litter, two-horse, the ----------------------------------------------- 77
‘Litters, inspection of 86
Litters, improvisation of -------------------------- 60
Litters, loading and unloading with reduced hers 56
Litters, packed in ambulance 78
Litters right-------- 41
Litters, to turn and advance or halt, line of 41
Loaded litter, general directions for moving 60
Loading ambulance---------------------------------------------- --- 80
Loading and unloading litters with reduced numbers ----------------- 56
Loading litter 44
IMI.
March, the oblique 11
Marching at ease • 44
Marching at the route step 43
109
Page.
Marching backward 9
Marching by the flank in column of files 10
Marching by the flank in column of fours 14
Marching in column of fours ---- ------------- 17
Marching in double time T2
Marching in line ------------------------------------
Marching in line from column of files-------------------------------- 11
Marching to the rear tº-, -s gº tº ------------ 10
Marching to the rear in column of fours----------------------------- 19
Marching to the rear in line 22
Marching with litter------------------------------------------------ 40
Mustering detachment---------------------------------------------- 87
tº N.
Noncommissioned officers, posts of 5
Noncommissioned officers, posts of, at inspection---------------------- 85
O. ©.
Oblique marching, in line mº sº sº * > * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 11
Oblique marching, column of fours -------------. ------...------------- 19
Obstacles, to pass, with loaded litter- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > *E. 52
Officer commanding, position of 15
Officer, senior, responsible for instruction of detachment ---- 5
Officers, position of, at inspection ------------------------------------ 85
Officers, position of, on march --------------------------------------- 98
Officers, posts of, in detachment-------------------------------------- b
Open litter------------------ * m * ºn ---- 27
Order litter, from shoulder ---------------------------...------------- 28
Orderly pouch, scheme for packing ---------------------------------- 96
Outlines of first aid º nº º ºr 99
P.
Packing equipment 92
Packing Hospital Corps pouch, scheme fo, ---- 95
Packing orderly pouch, scheme for --------> Q 96
5 : 3%, 3.9 .
º * 2 ~ * 3&
2 ” - y o
110.
Packing of articles in clothing roll
Parade rest - * “Leſººdºº tºs
Parking of ambulances -*—
Patient carried by one bearer
Patient carried by three bearers --, -->
Patient carried by two bearers ... •
Patient on luorseback, to place
Patient, position of, on litter
Patient, methods of removal without litters.--------------------------
Patient, transfer from litter to bed, etc
Posts at ambulance 3–
Posts at litter
Posts, at litter, to chang ---------
Posts at patient º *
Posts of officers and noncommissioned officers
Pouch, Hospital Corps, scheme for packing
Pouch, orderly, scheme for packing f
Pouch, worn at drill
Pouches, inspection of
Pressure to control bleeding
Procure litter---
i
\
i
Q.
Quick time
Quick time, in march of columns
Quick time, to pass to double time from
R.
:
Rank, to form, in litter drill
Recitations of drill regulations
Respiration, artificial
Rests, the
Return litter
Beturning litter - gº tº se
Revolvers carried by members of Hospital Corps--------------- ------
r; $y ... tº sºo * * * * *-
2 : . . .
* *
i
g
: r:

111.
i
. Revolver, inspection of - 86
***at, the------------------------------------------------------ 68
Route step, the 43
- . - S.
Salute, the * - • * * 8
Seat, the two-handed 68
Seats, prepared and packed in ambulance----------------------------- 78
Sections of litters, movements of sº tº º E
Shock 1
Shoulder litter, from c.rry------- ------
Shoulder litter, from order -----
Side step, to
Single step, the ãe - = as,
Sizing the detachment ...----- A—
Sling, a part of each private's equip 4. 26
Sling for a wounded arm —h 99
Squad leader, the 27,36
Step, cadence of the double time 12
Step, in quick time-------- - 44
Step, length of ----------------------------------------------------- 9
Step, single, the 37
Step, to recover---------------------------------------------. 9
- Strapped litter, the ---------------. & = ** = sº sº am sº sº sº * - 27
Strapped litter, to open------------------ 32
Strapping the litter - ------- S4
Streams, to cross, with loaded litter 54
Striking tents - 91
Stupor from drink - 101
Sunstroke - * - - - - - - - - - 101
Swords, not worn at drill 26
T.
Tent drill - 88
Tents, to strike 91
112
• Page. {
Tourniquet in bleeding---- 10,
Travois, the 72
Triangular bandage, the - 95
Turnings --------- 1:
Two-handed seat, the *, tº gº tº e- 68
Two-horse litter, the - 7,
TJ.
Uniform for field service ------------------------------------------- §4
Unloading ambul --------------------------- *
Unloading the litter 4t
V.
Wertical position of litter tº •
. W.
Wagons, ordinary, transportation of wounded in - 88.
Wall tent, to pitch------ gu
Wounded, dummy, clothing and position of 26,48
Wounded, methods of removal without litters &
Wounded, search for 4.
Wounded, transportation of, in ordinary wagons --------------------- 8-
Wounds, first aid bandaging of .93 ±
O
ºf wº

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