†Nº º m: .# º E- ſº- sº- L– º E-i C- tº tº -- H- G- {E} º º C- ſº- [−. ſº [- tºº C- Bººl iº ſº gº [E- [-] º [- F. º- [−. º § i * 3. := T. sº. sº %, ’ººk Cººrs. S. S -->. … º.º. N %lº'ſ MINITIIIIHIIIIHIIIE - C º C T C C C C C, Fift fiftºfffiliffſſ: C g [. U ſ g C [. [. Ç º O C [] ſº º º O ſº º º [. ſ C ſ [. Q C {} [. Ö C C C [. { C º { ſº ſº { [. C Q O º º º º C [. C [. O [...] C C º ſ tº e º ºr e º e º ºr c e s e e º gº º gº f T |- º º .. - - - - - cABIN-John BRIDGE, span 220 FEET. - . - - - - . ... - - superabundant supply of pure water is conveyed from Great Falls over a gigantic aqueduct which has considered one of the marvels of modern mechanical genius.” –John ADDIson Port ER. - - IN AND ABOUT FASCINATING washingtoN By KATHARINE M. ABBOTT, > Author of “ Trolley Triás on a Bay State Triangle,” “ South Shore Trolley Trifts,” and “ Trolley Triºs — Connecticut Valley, Long Island Shore, Narraganset Bay, Mt. Tom. “See, sweet, the moonbeams kiss the dome— The great white dome, the people’s shrine; Along the esplanade we’ll roam,”— The National Capitol. J. F. JARVIS, Washington, D. C. CoPYRIGHT, 1900, BY KATHARINE M. ABBOTT. All Rights Reserved. - - - i. º º º - º -- CHRIST CHURCH, ALEXANDRIA. OLD “ FAIRFAx PARISH,” organized 1765. Consecrated under the name of Christ Church by Bishop Claggett, 1814. Colonel George Washington was one of the first twelve Vestrymen and owned Pew Number 5. -Tº-Tº-Tºº º PANEL FRESCO, BY BRUMIDI, FROM THE PRESIDENT’s Room IN THE CAPITOL. “We cannot find //e sma//es//art of //e/ersona/ weight of Washington in the narrative of /, is ex//offs.” – EMERSON. “Of a// greaf men /he was f/he most wirſuous and f/he most fortunate.” – G | 6854 GUIZOT ON WASHINGTON. *- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - º: -- º º - º, ARCHITECT, JAMES HOBAN. CoRNER-STONE LAID, 1792. THE WITITE HOUSE. ------ FASCINATING WASHINGTON. --- Zºrº-----~~ ~ Sav N the banks of the historic Potomac lies a city toward which all the world is looking. Hour by hour, Washington becomes more beautiful and more interesting. The true & Washingtonian, whether by birth or adoption, loves her moods as the Parisian adores the - º gutters of Paris. She favors all with her soft climate, – except proverbially on Inaugur- * . ation Day, in the “moon of Crusts on the Snow,” — the sky smiles equally on the man of leisure flashing by in his automobile, and the darky shouting and dancing to his old-time hum along the asphalt. The Christmas garden-roses have scarcely withered under the scarlet eyes of the holly-berries and waxen mistletoe, before the first jasmine-bud heralds spring. Under the moon of Blossoms, the streets of Washington appear one long, brilliant fête; the little parks are like misty bridal bouquets with delicate shadows of foliage, the soft breeze, the growing things exhilarate, everywhere is the loveliness of Paradise as spring dances on into summer. - It is esteemed a privilege to live in the greatest centre of diplomatic and scientific life which, plus the literary and artistic coteries, circle about the White House in ever widening radii. There is a charmed inner circle, which spices Washington with a delicious Southern flavor, an at- mosphere of open-hearted hospitality felt at once by the traveler though his stay may be so brief that he does not pass the portals of the “Cave-Dwellers,” as the old Washingtonians are sometimes called, in distinction from official life. The old residents of Washington and Georgetown are of the tide- water families of “Ole Virginny,” and of Terra Mariae, – “My Maryland” – their ancestors came in the days of Rolfe, in the pinnaces “Patience” and “Esperance” to Jamestown; or in the “Ark” with the Cavaliers to St. Marie, Lord Baltimore's plantation, and yielded yearly tribute of two Indian arrows 5 - - THE CALVERT MANOR, MT. AIRY, PRINCE GEORGE's county, MD, BIRTHPLACE of G. wi. P. CUSTIs. “Manly deeds and womanly words.” – Motto of the Lord's Baltimore. - - EARLY SETTLEMENTS OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND. to Windsor.” The Baronial estates of their sons spread over the Valley of the Shenandoah, “River of the Stars,” along the Potomac and the Chesapeake when country life was the mode. Theirs was a county government by the House of Burgesses, while the Puritans of the North Colony had a town govern- ment. Like the grandees they were, they spent one half the year in visiting and feasting with their kinsfolk, traveling with their body servants by boat over the inland tide-water, from manor to manor, and the other half entertaining with a superb hospitality, yet with the simplicity of true noblesse. The colonization of Virginia and Maryland was not made for conscience' sake, but in the same spirit of glory and adventure which caused Raleigh, Newport and Smith to voyage in search 6f an El Dorado, a land strewn with pearls, gold and silver.” The poet Michael Drayton in 1607 wafted a God- speed over the Thames to Captain Christopher Newport and his Britons of “brave heroic minds” in twelve stanzas : “And cheerfully at sea - And ours to hold Success you still entice Virginia To get the fearls and gold. Earth's only paradise.” The Virginians did not flee from the mother-country, but for a time called it “home,” and returned their heirs to Oxford and Cambridge to be educated. These varied strata of society give a zest and vivacity to social functions, making the Federal City the most delightful winter residence on the Continent. Even cynical Mrs. Trollope vouchsafed it all the delights of an English watering-place, and the growing splendor of the metropolis was “a spec- tacle of high historic interest.” Washington Irving was charmed with “the only cosmopolitan place 1 “These true and absolute lords of the region over Maryland were to forward and yield tribute of two Indian arrows and the fifth part of all gold and silver ore to be delivered at the Castle of Windsor every year on Tuesday of Easter week.” Aralon was held by knight's service, binding the grantee “to assist his lord in war, as of an English Manor. 2 “In England, the passion for colonial traffic was so strong that there was scarce a small shop-keeper in Bristol who had not a venture on some ship bound for Virginia.” — Macaulay. 7 S © co ~ <ſ ~ ~ § tº ~ .S. ~ ~ ș ：S ? ~ ~ Š `s, ~ ~ ~ ~ 's < ~ ~ ~ ...S ---- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U^ - WASHINGTON IN ISOO. in the country except New York”; and Kate Field said “It is the only town where there is no com- merce, where there is a certain repose necessary for society.” In 1800 Mrs. Adams looked out from the President's House upon woods; woods almost as dense as those in which she was lost near Baltimore; streets so heavy with red clay that she despaired of ever getting enough logs drawn for her eighteen fire-places, and she was obliged to have the clothes hung to dry in the East Room. For a' that, the President's wife found the “Wilderness City” very habitable, and soon held the drawing-room for which the ladies longed. “Belles and matrons, maids and madams All are gone to Mrs. A dams.” I These were the days when ancient Tiber Creek, immortalized by Tom Moore, crept through a morass toward the “embrio capital”; then the Mall was a cow-pasture, and with the site of Washington Monument was called “the Island,” separated from the city by the canal which ran along B Street to Center Market; when elder-bushes fringed Pennsylvania Avenue, and ladies whose chariots stuck in the mud were gingerly rescued by gallants in sheer ruffles, and small clothes and queues. These queues, which had to be so elaborately dressed and powdered, made the barbers all Federalists in Jefferson's administration, as the Democrats wore short hair. Mrs. Ellet tells us that one barber was very indignant at Madison's nomination. “What Presidents we might have, sir! Look at Daggett of Connecticut and Stockton of New Jersey, with queues as big as your wrist, and powdered every day, like real gentlemen as they are. But this little Jim Madison, with a queue no larger than a pipe-stem, sir; it is enough to make a man foreswear his country.” (1) What would Mrs. Adams or Jefferson, or Dolly Madison or any “Beauties and Celebrities of I See Poem. 9 THE WASHINGTON OF TO-DAY. the Nation,” in the “Court Circles of the Republic,” have thought of the Washington of 1900? The beautiful avenues are transformed into a land of light and enchantment by the good fairy Electricity, if you wish to visit any part of the “ten miles square,” by one wave of her magic wand appears not one coach drawn by six milk-white horses, but many coaches with invisible wings, which stop at your bidding to carry you like the wind, north, south, east or west, whither you will. The “magnificent distances" of Washington, deplored by the Abbé Carrea, are no longer a béte noire, having been vanquished completely by the swift underground trolley, without disfiguring the city. Open-air excursions are especially enjoyable since the Consolidation” of the electric lines in 1899, which has made it possible to travel from Lafayette Square to any point in the District, within half an hour. It is quite in vogue for the families of incoming Congressmen, in the beautiful autumn months, before society whirls, to learn the A-B-C of the city by exploring each day a new branch of the Trolley, riding across the District into Maryland and Virginia and taking transfers to each of the diverging branches, threading beautiful suburbs. The by-gone journeys are amusing by contrast. Georgetown was a town “without streets,” and ladies were fain to ride the slashes on horseback. Before omnibuses ran through Pennsylvania. Avenue to the Capitol, it was a serious matter to pay visits in Washington and attend levees at the “Palace.” The favorite hack of the gentlefolk of Georgetown was driven by “Daddy Tom,” who was “’customed to de ways ob de quality.” He pow- dered his hair till nature did it for him; and a veritable portrait in ebony was he of ole mars'r Gen. George Lee, who had set him free and bequeathed him the family carriage. The famous “National Intelligencer” of 1829 published by Gales and Seaton, advertises a stage line to Baltimore. - 1 The Washington Traction and Electric Co. have absorbed all the railways except one in the District. IO --- - - -- - “THE NEW LINE DISPATCH will on Tuesday next, commence running between Baltimore and Washington cities, at fifty cents less than any other concern on the road. The Dispatch Line will leave Light Street, near the Fountain Inn, Baltimore, and near Williamson's hotel, Washington City, at half past ten o'clock every morning. The public are assured his line shall run between city and city within as little time as any other line on the road barring accidents. The proprietºrs of this line have provided coaches built in Albany of the most modern and approved kind; they are hung, low, and combine ease and safety. The Agent whose experience as a reinsman is well known to many travelers, will when neces- sary, drive himself, and by his personal attention and exer- tions afford all possible security and dispatch to those who will honor him with their company. Only seven passengers will be taken on this line. — J. HORTON, Agent. - - º - - - LITTLE FALLs of THE POTOMAC. GLEN ECHO ROAD. - - - - Washington in Spring. “Du bist wie eine Blume.” HAT first morning in Washington ! you awake from a dream of the brilliant dome welcoming you to the city of your inheritance. It is a bright, sunlit day, the special prerogative of Washington; you throw open your window to a soft, languorous air, yet with a dash of freshness; you catch a beguiling tropical fragrance, and the whirr of a humming-bird's wings betrays its source in a Japan honeysuckle below the balcony. Across the triangular park where some colored women rest in the shade, with huge baskets piled, high with the tempting greens and poultry of Saturday's market, is a quaint settler's cottage tucked coquettishly amid elegant residences of modern Washington, pink and white roses climbing its gray, mossy stairs to the old-time porch, a group of grinning pickaninnies dancing rag-time to the hurdy- gurdy on the corner. No one may long be sad in Washington, for the jolly abandon of the “Come what may, we'se jus’ rolling thro' an unfriendly world" air, is as irresistibly infectious of content as bird-notes and flowers. “Dis yer day jes fine for a 'scursion la-aedy” is the pleasant greeting as you promenade along Massachusetts Avenue. As you lift your parasol, a linden bough, bending low with blossoms, showers its sweet, airy petals upon you. “How the birds sang ! It was the May “I, startled at thy coming, fled Thou dost recall, that first glad day The May-boughs caught my coif and shed Our lozes begazz.” My curls' loosed gold about my head.” An Opal. EDNAH PRoctor CLARKE. - º º º - - º - - - - - - II - - A - - - - - § LAFAYETTE SQUARE. At Scott Circle, turning down Sixteenth Street toward Lafayette Square, you find yourself at the door of old St. John's, founded during Madison's term, and the Church-home of many Presidents; opposite is the residence of the Secretary of State, John Hay; above on H Street is the Lamont House and Corcoran House, residence of Hon. Chauncey M. Depew ; across Lafayette Square, beyond the General Jackson Statue, is a most charming view of the White House, especially when the porch and handsome doorway are illuminated; the parterre is gorgeous with tulips, Washington Monument pierces the sky; you saunter among rare trees toward the Lafayette Memorial. Every foot of ground hereabouts breathes history; one luminous picture after another fades from the screen; first is General Washington riding a most fiery horse with indisputable grace; it is the 18th of September in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-three. The Chief wears the Masonic regalia and the apron made by the hands of the charming Madame Lafayette (Adrienne de Noailles). Turning his “muslin’” charger 1 toward the site chosen for the Capitol, Washington heads, as Master-Mason, the Lodges No. 22 Virginia, No. 9 Maryland and No. 15, followed by the Alexandria Artillery; with colors flying the group of patriots march to witness the laying of “the Eternal Capitol of an Eternal Republic.” ... " - This event, which followed the disbanding of the patriot army at Newburgh-on-the Hudson, was the second of two Golden Mile-stones. The first was the Declaration of Independence foreshadowed by the Virginia Company and in the cabin of the 1 There was great rivalry between the equipages of Colonel Byrd – a magnate of the old regime—and Colonel Washington, writes Mr. Custis in his “Recollections of Washington.” “Bishop, the celebrated body-servant of Braddock, was the master of Washington's stables; and there were what were termed “muslim horses.” At cock-crow the stable-boys were at work; at sunrise Bishop stalked into the stables, a muslin handkerchief in his hand, which he applied to the coats of the animals, and if the slightest stain was perceptible, up went the luckless wights of stable-boys to punishment instanter.” º 2 “On the 3oth of July, 1619, the first legislative body of Englishmen in America was called together in the wooden church at Jamestown.” – “Old Virginia and her Neighbors,” Fiske. 15 - - - - - - THE BRICE Court of CORCORAN HOUSE. i. s | - RESIDENCE OF CHAUNCEY M. DEPEw. PLAN" OF THE FEDERAL CITY. - Mayflower, also in the principles which inspired Roger Williams and Thomas Hooker, George Mason, Richard Henry Lee, Adams, Franklin, Livingston and completed by Thomas Jefferson and the Signers. No greater chapter has been written in the History of Nations, than the “Struggle '’ which took place between these Golden Mile-stones. If the final rejoicing salute at the Capitol, before the company attacked the barbecue of a five hundred pound ox, was echoed at Mt. Vernon, how vividly it must have recalled to Lady Washington the conquest led by her grand and chivalrous knight by whose side she had heard the first and last cannons of the Revolution.] The designs for the laying out of the Federal City were approved by President Washington. Pierre L'Enfant may have been influenced by Versailles, but his genius surpassed itself. By his ideal, Washington should become the “World City,” as was Rome at her zenith. Not only the true and the beautiful should crown her architectural heights, but the radiation of the avenues from the Capitol and the White House might foreferd the barricades of the Reign of Terror. L'Enfant's fate was that of the genii of all ages; scoffed at and hampered at every turn, he would accept no compensation for his work; he lies in a lonely grave marked by a tall cedar-tree at Chellum Castle, near Bladens- burg, a manor-house of the Digges family of Maryland, who befriended him. L'Enfant’s pet projects, however, are victorious to the end of the chapter. A century has passed, yet what is to be the crowning achievement of the centennial year of the founding of the permanent seat of Government on the Potomac, comprised, according to Act of Congress, in ten miles square “between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and Conogocheague,” the veritable charmed spot selected by Washington himself It is the L'Enfant Avenue from the Capitol to the banks of the Potomac, meeting Memorial Bridge, an unbroken link between Washington and Arlington. 1 It was Lady Washington's custom to spend the weeks between campaigns at headquarters, enduring the winter hard- ships, even at Valley Forge. Her arrival at camp was an event. The plain chariot, with the neat postillions in their scarlet and white liveries, was welcomed with joy by the army, and her cheering influence relieved the general gloom in seasons of disaster and despair. - 17 SENATE win G OF THE CAPITOL ExTENSION, CORNER-STONE LAID BY PRESIDENT FILLMORE, JULY 4, 1851. DANIEL webstER, ORATOR OF THE DAY.; “Be it known that on this day the Union of the United States of America stazza's firm ; that their Constitution stil/erists unimpaired and with all its original use/id/ness and glory, growing every day stronger and stronger in the affections of the great body of the Americazº Zeo//e, and attracting more and more the admiration of the world.”- FROM THE PAPER DEPOSITED BY DANIEL WEBSTER IN THE CORNER-STONE IN HIS OWN HANDWRITING. - - - The Capitol. - WHAT TO SEE, The Capitol. “How often haze / /aused on every charm.” GoLDSMITH, Open from 9 to 4.30. - - Car on F. St. or Connecticut THE Capitol is the magnet of your first historic Aze., going East (Green). - crusade: vou will foll - Guides so cents an hour. * º ; you will follow the steps of the English- Session begins at 12 noon. * man, Thomas Twining, who, in 1794, found the sº “sylvan state” of the metropolis of a great nation Thornºgh, Aº: Plans -- - - - - “strikingly singular.” Passing through “a large º by Hallet and Ho wood,” he cam - - Restored after burning, 1814, º e upon a clearing in the center of the by Latrobe and Bulfinch. city, where he saw two buildings, the Capitol and a Cºre: \;. sandstone: - - - - Wings, Ma husetts mar- tavern. The same “one good tavern” which Oliver º "...i Wolcott mentioned. 1 marble. , - Central Portico, 1825. Group, In the twentieth century your impression from ..", j% º. - - - - design . Ouinc mS. - the observation-car will be quite different; after º passing through busy F Street, at Ninth Street stands the marble PATENT "gº"º. OFFICE which is under the Department of the Interior. Here are many tion,” North Buttress. original models: the steam engine, the first cast-iron plow, Morse's Telegraph, and the telephone. The scientific library is open to visitors; in the annex on G Street are models by women. Several squares beyond is a huge brick structure, the PENSION OFFICE, with more floor space than any other building in the world, where the grand Inauguration Balls are held. Nearby stands City Hall; the picturesque Baltimore and Ohio Station is on the site of Benjamin's Oden's farm bounded by “Goos Crik.” Here and there are houses (remodelled) of early Washington. 1 The visitor should gain his first and best impression of the Capitol and Library, by taking on F. Street a grº, - riding some few minutes beyond the Capitol, whi - - itv w y ch faces east, toward the high plateau on which the city was expected to grow, rather than toward the northwest. > > - I9 º EMANCIPATION STATUE, LINCOLN PARK. “The year 1812 should be as easy to remem- ber as 1892, for in it were born Abraham Lincoln, Charles Darwin, Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning.” AE/öert Hubbard. to upwards of one hundred thousand, have witnessed the ceremony of inauguration on the Esplanade. ^^ - º THE GRAND CENTRAL PORTICO. - Now the car sweeps around the Parking of the Capitol, and beyond the Library, circles Lincoln Park, with its famous spreading beech tree, and the Emancipation Statue. You see the hills of Maryland on the city's outskirts, a “squatters' dis- trict,” which since the days of Daniel Carroll and the other early proprietors, Notley Young, David Burns and Thomas Peter has been sold again and again for taxes. The rails loop around Lincoln Park and in a trice you are back at the Library. Alighting at the end of East Capitol Street, before you is the glorious Eastern façade of the Capitol. Green- ough's Statue of Washington faces the Grand Central Por- tico, where events have dominated. In 1824 the Marquis de Lafayette passed under the weather-beaten army tent of Wash- ington to be received as the Nation's guest by Henry Clay. In 1900 Admiral Dewey received the sword from the Honor- able the Secretary of the Navy, John D. Long. Here the simple Republican ceremonial of Inaugura- tion has taken place in the open air since March 4, 1817, at which time the oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Marshall to James Monroe. Every four years since, up to the year 1897, when William McKinley was ad- ministered the solemn oath by Chief Justice Fuller, the people, 2O THE ROTUNDA. The interesting details of these ceremonies are depicted by Mr. Hazelton in his splendid history of “The National Capitol.” 1 In 1896 a great chorus of four thousand Christian Endeavorers filled these steps. On summer nights when moonlight silvers the terrace, deep- ening its shadows, the Marine Band holds the loiterers entranced, while below the heated city “careless sleeps.” Entering the grand Rotunda, thoughts of the past overwhelm you; of the Statesmen who have come and gone, orators who have guided the deliberations of Congress by eloquence, and others who have won victories by their silence, which Addison finds “Sometimes more significant and sublime than the most noble and expressive eloquence.” Under the canopy of the Apotheosis of Washington four great men have lain in state sur- rounded with historic scenes, made eloquent by sculpture and painting. The only truly American architecture represented in the Capitol, are the columns of Indian maize sculptured by Latrobe after Jefferson's idea, and nick-named by the Senators “corn-cob capitals.” After the removal of the Supreme Court from Philadelphia, on their first meeting in Wash- ington, Feb. 2, 1801, but one member, Samuel Chase, appeared; on Feb- ruary 4, were present William Crosby, Bushrod Washington, Samuel Chase and John Marshall, composing the most august Court in the world. - WHAT TO SEE Senate façade. Group, “American Progress” by Crawford. Rotunda with Whisp. Gallery. Frieze; Fresco. Brumidi and Costaggini. Scenes; History of the New OrlGl. Trumbull's Historical Paint- ings. Statues; Lincoln by Vinnie Ream Hoxie; Alexander Hamilton and Col. E. D. Baker by Stone. Jefferson by d'Anger. Portraits of Columbus, Cabot, Raleigh, La Salle. Statuary Hall, formerly Hall of Representatives, re- modelled by Latrobe, after Grecian theatre. Here were inaugurated Madi- son and Millard Fillmore. Cupola by Bonani, after The Pantheon. Talking Stones. Franzoni Clock. Star, marking desk of J. Quincy Adams. Memorial Statues from States. Houdon’s Statue of Wash- ington. Bust, Koscuisko by Pulaski. Bust, Lincoln, by Sarah Fisher Ames. The National Capitol. ſ Illustrated, with Map, by Geo. C. Hazelton, Jr. Howard F. Kennedy, Publisher, Washington. ſ 2 I whAT to see. House of Representatives. The Eagle Clock. Hands turned back on last session of the year. Western Grand Staircase. Eastern Grand Staircase. Frescoes in Rooms Commit- tees on Ways and Means, Agriculture, Patent Affairs, Foreign, Affairs etc. Military Affairs contains painting of U. S. Forts, by Lieut. Col. Eastman. President’s Room. º Vice-President's Room.” Senatorial Reception or Marble Room. These three Rooms not open during Ses- sion of Congress except to friends of a Senator. Public Reception Room. Senate Vestibule. On wall of lobby of Senate Gallery. “The Electoral Commission,” 1877 by Cor- nelia A. Fassett, from life. The Chamber of the Supreme Court designed by Latrobe. The Senate 1800—1859. Robing Room with Portraits by Rembrandt Peale, Gil- bert Stuart, Healy. Chief Justice Marshall, Sculp- tor W. W. Story. Erected by Bar and Congress. Naval Monument, Sculptor Simmons. Designed by Admiral D. D. Porter. THE CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OR OLD SENATE CHAMBER “Liberty and Union, now and forezer, one and inse/arable.” - Webster's Reply to Hayne. From the old Supreme Court Room, the present Library, was sent to Baltimore the first telegraphic message, “What hath God wrought,” by Miss Annie Ellsworth, grand-daughter of Chief Justice Ellsworth. The opening ceremony of the Supreme Court at twelve of the clock is most impressive. The entrance of the Honorable the Chief Justice and Associate Justices in their dignified silk robes, is announced by the crier, and when in due form the court is seated, again he proclaims: “Oyez, oyez, oyez. All persons having business before the Honorable the Supreme Court of the United States are admonished to draw near and give their attention; for the Court is now sitting.” In ye olden time the Justices all lodged in one house and after dinner held solemn con- sultation over cases. Saturday is now set apart for consultation : from this body emanate the highest decrees of jurisprudence. - This room, as the old Senate Chamber, is endowed with a special thrill of interest as the stage where were enacted the most striking episodes in the Nation's legislative annals. Here the “Louisiana Purchase” was con- firmed by the treaty with Napoleon First, and war was declared with Great Britain, later with Mexico. The most celebrated sentiment of the century was that which con- summates Webster's reply to Hayne, the distinguished and brilliant senator from South Carolina. The House of Representatives was deserted; the 22 THE CAPITOL. members crowded the Senate Chamber. Mr. Webster dwelt upon the character of New England and of Massachusetts, and expounded the Constitution under an intense silence and even amid tears. Hardly less celebrated were the debates between Webster and Calhoun. Two remarkable farewells to the Senate were delivered by Henry Clay. Other members of the Old Chamber were Stephen A. Douglass, the “Little Giant” of Illinois, Lewis Cass, Mason and Hunter of Virginia and Horace Greely; and other events, were the exciting quarrel between Benton and Foote, and the attack with a walking- cane on Charles Sumner by Colonel Brooks. In the present Senate Chamber the principal event was the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson. James G. Blaine delivered here his eulogium on Garfield. The ceremony of the Electoral Count takes place in the House Chamber. Among the names of the men most distinguished in debates in Senate and House are: Thaddeus Stevens, Robert C. Winthrop, Alexander H. Stephens, Nathaniel P. Banks, Roscoe Conkling of New York, Sunset Cox, Benjamin Hill, of Georgia, Gen. B. F. Butler, James G. Blaine, John Sherman, Thomas B. Reed. During certain epochs, especially in war times, the sergeant-at-arms carried his mace through many a hot debate. South of the Capitol on New Jersey Avenue is the building of the CoAST and GEODETIC SURVEY and the stone house of the MARINE HospitaL SERVICE built by Gen. Benjamin F. Butler. On B St. S. E. is the home of Hon. John G. Nicolay, who is best known on account of his work, “Abraham Lincoln: a History,” written in collaboration with Hon. John Hay. On E Street S. E., behind the Providence Hospital, is the sité of the famous Duddington Manor, built by David Carroll. OLD CAPITOL PRISON East of the Capitol at Lanier Place, on Maryland Avenue and First St. N.E., was erected as a temporary shelter for Congress after the burning of the Capitol; in the Civil War it was used as a military prison. On Maryland Avenue further East in Stanton Square is the fine statue of that brilliant Revolutionary General and friend of Washington, — Nathaniel Greene. | 23 - º | - | - - - - - - - - - THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 1897. “It stands to-day the largest, most imposing, most sum/?neous and 1720s: costly Library Building in the world.”— HERBERT PUTNA. M. The Library of Congress. “Dreams, books are each a world: and books, we know, Are a substantial world, both pure and good.” WoRDsworth. WHAT TO SEE. Open (Sundays excepted) from 9 a.m. to 10 p. m. , —Inscription, North Corridor. Reading room till 4 p.m. Books available to all for reference. Books may be When the Library of Congress was founded in 1800, it matched in its withdrawn only by mem- scattering tomes the meagreness of the City of Washington itself. bars of Congress and a few - - officials. The few hundred folios, O. S. quartos, octavos and duodecimos, hobnob- For details of decorations see - - - - --- … I 7) ...; bing together in the West front of the Capitol, were destroyed by British Hand Book” of Library. iconoclasts in the war of 1812. From the chair of the House of Representatives Admiral Cockburn shouted : “Shall this harbor of Yankee democracy be burned 2 ” Not one nay was heard. “Light up !” and the books kindled the North Wing. Thomas Jefferson offered to dispose of his library of 9000 volumes to Congress. It had been collected con amore in the book marts of Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfort, Madrid and London, and after some dissenting votes, including Webster, with a protest against Voltaire's works as atheistical, it was accepted, and hauled in wagons from Monticello, Jefferson's Virginia estate." Again fire devoured three-fifths of the Library in 1851. The last ten years of the Library's abode in the old Capitol the books overflowed; books, books everywhere, seemingly in endless confusion, and had it not been for the enthusiastic wisdom of Ainsworth R. Spofford, appointed Librarian by President Lincoln, not a book would have been available for reference; their practical use for Con- gress was only due to Dr. Spofford's “marvelous memory, which in him, perhaps, excelled that of any librarian of any generation.”” 1 Thomas Jefferson preferred to be known as the father of the University of Virginia. His grave at Monticello overlooks Charlottesville, the seat of this, our first University, founded 1819. 2 The Library of Congress, by Herbert Putnam, Atlantic Monthly, February, 1900. 25 : St i i i .S. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. The valuable Law Library still remains at the Capitol, in the old Supreme Court Chamber, where many famous cases were heard; this room was said by Ben Perley Poore to be “rich in tradition of hair powder, queues, ruffled shirts, knee-breeches and buckles.” - Our new Library is the pride of the Nation. The torch of Science flames above her gilt Dome, sec- ond only in magnificence to St. Isaac's in the Russian Capital. It would seem that all the Muses of the Greek calendar, and all the deities of earth, air and sea had been summoned to dwell in harmony by the genius of our American Artists. Those who pass the Neptune and Tritons of the fountain, and go up the steps to the Entrance Pavilion and enter the bronze doors, must return to revel with Keats in - “Beauty which is truth, and truth which is beauty.” The charm of each Corridor, each Hall, the Grand Staircase, defy description. Words are tactless things under the luminous, airy dome of the Rotunda, circled by a rhythm of stars upon stars, lighting golden mottoes, chosen by President Eliot of Harvard College. - The portrait statues of philosophers, sages and orators bring the dreamer from the clouds to th practical aspirations of the student helow. “Pſither, as to their yountain, other stars Repairing, in their golden terms draw light.” From the circular desk in the centre of the Rotunda a system of pneumatic tubes and telephones insure the arrival of books asked for with marvelous quickness; those for Congressmen are conveyed to the Capitol by a cable through an underground tunnel. - The Library includes a number of collections; one gift is the Americana of Dr. J. M. Toner, and Note.—A special “Hand Book” of the Library has been compiled by Herbert Small, with essays on the “Architecture, Sculpture and Painting” by Charles Caffin, and “The Function of a National Library,” by Ainsworth R. Spofford. 27 THE LIBRARY OF congress. - the Gardiner Greene Hubbard collection of engravings are to be transferred. The purchase of the “Force collection added to the Map Department alone” a large number of maps relating to America. The Smithsonian “deposit” includes the “most important scientific serials in the country”; there are also the valuable De Rochambeau manuscripts. A large number of books are acquired through the Copyright Law, and many through the International Exchanges, of which there are forty-eight Gov. ernments on the list. The Department of Medicine is intentionally not enlarged, as a copious Library exists at the office of the Surgeon-General. One of the most fascinating rooms is that where the cases of Manuscript treasures may be seen, including Flemish Manuscripts of the fifteenth century and Washington Manuscripts. In the private Manuscript room, under the devoted care of Mr. Friedenwald, are precious faded letters from the quill of Dolly Madison, and shelves weighted with early records. Taking one at random, you will find a series of questions by Washington answered by each of his Generals during the Expedition against the Six Nations under General Sullivan. These simple facts throw vivid light on the geographical, com- mercial and war relations of the time. - - - Another document, signed by the flower of Virginia, is a striking prelude to the Revolution. It is dated at Williamsburg June 22, 1770, and signed by the Gentlemen of the House of Burgesses and the Body of Merchants of the City. - “We, His Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects of Virginia, declaring our inviolable and unshaken fidelity and attachment to our gracious sovereign, our affection for all our fellow-subjects of Great Britain,” Arotest against the ta.res, etc. Peyton Randolph, Moderator Spencer M. Ball Lewis Burwell Archibald Cary - Daniel Hutchings John Blair Richard Henry Lee Nathaniel Lyttleton Savage Wm. Snodgrass Charles Carter John Alexander John Talbott Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Neill Buchanan George Washington Francis Peyton and roo others. 28 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. The Map Room is enticing, especially to the Student of that fascinating topic, Western colonization. Here are rare Maps of Captain White, 1585, Captain Smith and other adventurers. An interesting cartographical pam- phlet by Mr. E. Lee Phillips Mill assists the study of early Virginian Maps. A distinct acquisition is the Reading and Music room for the Blind; many delightful entertain- ments are volunteered by the men and women of talent who abound in Washington. At times the | House and Senate Reading Rooms may be seen, with their superb mantels of Sienna marble. On leaving the building do not fail to study the strangely fascinating “ethnological heads,” on the window arches. Each is the face of a race-type from actual photographs collected by Professor Mason of the Smith- sonian ; the keystone representing the Mongolian is taken from a composite photograph of the ex- Chinese Minister and his Secretary. Mr. Herbert Putnam, the Librarian, is gradually expanding and broadening the scope and avail- ability of the Library. To have a printed catalogue in book form is an air castle; it would take | fifteen years and cost half a million, as the library possessions are 850,000 printed books, 250,000 pam- phlets, 50,000 maps, 26,000 Manuscripts, 277,000 pieces of music and 70,000 prints. It would be an ideal attainment to hold in our National Library the finest private collections of Americans. The endow- ment of national institutions with incomparable objects of art, and rare, musty volumes, books of his heart, has long been the fad of the connoisseur of Great Britain, to the lasting enrichment and fame of his country. A portion of the Library stands on “Carroll Row.” In one of these houses Lincoln boarded. Dr. Busey relates in his “Personal Reminiscences” that he sat opposite Lincoln at table. “I soon learned to know and admire Lincoln for his simple and unostentatious manners, kind-heartedness, amusing jokes and witticisms. When about to tell an anecdote during a meal he would lay down his knife and fork, place his elbows upon the table, rest his face between his hands and begin, ‘That reminds me.” Everybody prepared for the explosions sure to follow.” 29 - º - - - - - - st ATE, wa R AND NAVY Building, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. The State, War and Navy Building. “ Forezer in thine eyes, O Liberty, Shines that high Zight whereby the world is saved.” — JoHN HAY. The State, War and Navy Building 1 in its beautiful situation West of the Executive Mansion, is the outwardly quiet arena of inwardly exciting problems of State. It was notably so between 1897 and 1900, during which period the Nation blossomed into a World-Power. The tragedy of the Maine, forced us to declare Mars, Zord of the ascen- dant; “the Powers which were,” found our good Ship of State unsea- worthy; she had indeed, fresh, new sails of the nineteenth century cut, but her sheets were fast to the cleats of antiquated war methods; she must be swiftly overhauled, rigged and cleared for action. At the first signal, her stalwart crew, off duty below, sprang to the guns. “Aſe's an absent-minded beggar, but he And his reg'ment didn't need to send keard his country's call, to find him.” Diplomatic decrees were dispatched by the State Department. From the headquarters of the Navy and Army, sallied forth men to obey and men to command. Thus marched Progress in hot haste through these 1 There is much charm in this building — largest and most splendid of its kind, however it may diverge from the connoisseur’s architectural canons. This charm of outline is pecu- liarly emphasized in what is known as the “Blizzard Picture' of Walter Paris, a water- color of the State, War and Navy Building, as seen in the wild storm of February, 1899; the swirling white flakes, instead of obscuring, set forth and make luminous the beauties of the granite mass. This unique blizzard was the most chilling ever experienced in Wash- WHAT TO SEE. ington. Thrilling tales are related of householders verily driven from luxurious homes to hotels, with the alternative of freezing like their gas and water pipes. State, War and Navy Build- ing. Pennsylvania Avenue. Open 9 to 2. State Department, South Wing, includes Diplomatic Bureau, Bureau of Rolls and Library, Consular Bureau, Bureau of Statistics, Bu- reau of Indexes and Ar- chives, Bureau of Accounts. Diplomatic Room (occasion- ally open), arranged by Sec. Hamilton Fish. Diplomatic Ante-Room. Library of State contains Fac- simile of Declaration, 1820, Jefferson’s Desk, Washing- ton’s Campaign Sword, Washington's Eye-glasses, given by him to Lafayette, presented to United States by Count Octave d’Assailly, great-grandson of Lafayette, Benjamin Franklin's staff, Whale’s tooth sent as Treaty by King of Fiji, Medal presented to United States by Turkish Govern- ment in memory of dis- covery of America by Columbus, Peking Gazette printed daily from Eighth century. 3 I º- 2-Gº- >E: -- - KTZº Nº. º - º - - LAF Avett E MEMORIAL. STATUES OF ROCHAMBEAU, DUPORTAIL DE GRASSE AND D’ESTAING. THE “SEwARD '' or “BLAINE HOUSE,” BUILT BY COMMODORE RODGERS, Now DESTROYED. THE WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTs. marble corridors. Our superb implements of war, with Yankee pluck at the wheel and Yankee ingenuity from stem to stern, steamed to the front. At Santiago the Russian expert eye envied our pneumatic apparatus, used in raising the Spanish gunboats, and immediately petitioned the same for Russian battleships. We are witnessing a second “heroic age of discovery,” under the magic sceptre of Science. The city of Washington is the scene of continuous successful experiments, by both the rank and file of our Navy and Army. Equipments are constantly re-inforced by the latest inventions: the mili- tary balloon, smokeless powder, automobiles for the Secret Service, while the torpedo and marvelous submarine boats surpass all but the dreams of Jules Verne. Great Britain flatters us by adopting the advanced details of our transport system in conveying troops to South Africa, and other nations “present arms,” and admire our versatility. Our islands of the South Pacific, Tutuila and Guam are under the tutelage of the Navy De- partment. All these wheels and more, are set in motion under the Com- mander-in-Chief, the Honorable the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy. Some interesting models of the War and Navy Departments are exhibited in the halls. An absorbing study to all ages of man is the evolution of the wooden frigate into a turreted man-o’-war, all sheathed, all gunned, all “fit for the fight.” In the Library of State are priceless heirlooms of the Nation, acquired WHAT TO SEE. Shell of Paris Commune, 1871. Presented by Min- ister Washburn. Swords by Japan and Siam, etc. War Department, West Wing includes Office of Secretary of War, Portraits of General Washington, of Generals Grant, Phil Sheridan and Sherman, by Huntington, Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lin- coln, Edwin M. Stanton, Festooned Flag draped around casket of President Lincoln, Portraits of Jef- ferson Davis, Robert L. Lincoln. Offices of Commander-in- Chief, Military Bureaus, Staff Officers, Adjutant General, Inspector Gen- eral, Quartermaster Gen- era I. Army Medical Museum is in Surgeon General's Depart- mellt. Navy Department, East Wing. Presides over Bu- reau of Navigation, Bureau of Yards and Docks. Bureau of Equipment includes Naval Observatory, Ord- nance, Construction and Repair, Steam Engineering. 33 -- - - - - THE STATE DEPARTMENT. - through her foreign and civic relations. Its Volumes rank with rare libraries of the old world, partic- ularly in the holdings of diplomacy and international law. The priceless archives contain Revolu- tionary Records; also “Washington Papers,” which show his precision in every-day matters at Mt. Vernon; directions in his own handwriting to his farmer or steward, “how to plough, buy nails, grains, Scissors, shingles, soap, rakes, dishes, etc.” These I 17 folio volumes, with the Jefferson Manuscripts and papers of Franklin, Madison, Monroe and Hamilton, are appraised at $150,000. The Diplomatic room is most elegant and dignified in its appointments and rare portraits. The President speaks here to foreign embassies through the Secretary of State; if the walls had but a voice as well as ears, how entertaining it would be to compare the successive international conferences; to listen to the policy of the reigning Secretary, his negotiations influenced by personal character and the National relations of the moment. Is it possible that some ambassador awaiting audience in this diplomatic anteroom has trembled for his cause, like any callow youth before his first interview with the magnate of affairs When diplomats confer, the path is by no means rose-strewn for either party. The foreign tongue is a small stumbling block compared to the contradictory customs of nations built up by centuries of differences. But what must our Japanese friend think of us, to whom it seems a topsy-turvey world, in which a man takes off his shoes instead of his hat on entering his domicile; or backs his horse into the stall tail foremost; or with admirable effect makes after-dinner speeches before dinner to insure brevity. 35 - - - . - - - - º - - - º º | U. S. TREASURY BUILDING. WASHINGTON MONUMENT IN WASHINGTON PARK. Erected at a cost of $1,300,000. Chief-Engineer Col. T. L. Casey. Obelisk 555 feet 5 1-8 inches. masonry in the world. Corner-stone laid July 4, 1848. - - The Highest Structure of The Treasury. Should you chance to see a steel-encased wagon, surrounded by armed WHAT TO SEE messengers, driven swiftly toward the many-columned building which closes Open 9to 2. - - - Guides between 11 and 12 and the vista from the Capitol up Pennsylvania Avenue, you know that a 1 and 2 million or two of bank notes, fresh from the Bureau of Engraving and Enter on 15th St., opposite Printing, are to be stamped that morning with the Blue Seal of the Treasury G St. of North America. - In the hall under glass are oddly patched bills: one was mutilated in a pig-pen, another snatched from the fire. Detected counterfeits may be seen in the Ante-Room of the Secret Service Division. Another case contains clumsy keys used in 1775, before time-locks, electric bells and an armed patrol, guarded the Bond and Coin vaults. The steel cage holding Uncle Sam's property was invisible to the public during the Spanish-American War. It is possessed of silver, gold and securities which amount to $800,000,000. Over the last count of these moneys piece by piece, eight months were consumed; it is recounted on the advent of each new Treasurer. A shortage of only $948 was discovered on scales which turn by the writing of your name on a piece of paper. The Treasury was empty in five years after the Battle of Lexington. The British had flooded the country with counterfeits of American currency, and a bill of $400 for a pair of boots and $100 for a handkerchief in the paper issues of the government was not un COInnnon. In the Redemption Division, decrepit bills pass through expert fingers in an endless chain to the amount of $300,000,000 a year, remnants of a million of paper money are daily processed into pulp by 1 The office of the Treasurer is connected with the chief of police headquarters and Fort Myer. Instantly, at the summons of the Captain of the Watch, a thousand armed men would spring up like Jason's crop of dragons' teeth. 37 - THE TREASURY. a macerater at one o'clock, under the eyes of a committee of four who hold the keys, and the owners receive new bills in their place. - - Some fascinating yellow bundles tied with red tape too precious for handling, lie in one of the strong rooms of the Treasury; “Moneys drawn from Paymaster General on account of the Commander- in-Chief, during the severe military hardships at Valley Forge, White Plains, Morristown and other Revolutionary battles. The quaint day books contain the traveling expenses of his Excellency, General Washington when in New York in 1776. Odd items peculiar to the times these: A part of the gardener's contract is “four dollars at Christmas with which he may get drunk for four days and four nights” Other data: “Sweeping the chimney, I shilling”; “One dozen patty pans, 6 shillings, 8 pence”; “a traveling hair trunk for his excellency, 2 pounds, 16 shillings.” Among the various branches of the Treasury Department, the Fish Commission Building is the most entertaining. Certain bureaus, which have but a remote connection with the Treasury, like the Coast Survey, Light House Board, etc., will doubtless be transferred to the jurisdiction of a new De. partment of “Commerce and Industry,” the outcome of our versatile genius of invention, by which the elements are chained in countless ways to become slaves of Labor and Commerce. Washington National Monument. what To see. If men essay the lofty height of Washington monument on some match. Washington M on u men t . - - - - - - Open 9 to 5.30. Elevator less October morning, they view a courtly city with wide and gleaming runs from 9.30 to 4.30. suburbs, stretching far and away from the Potomac beyond the Blue Interior Memorial Stones, Ridge, the Maryland Hills and Alexandria's spires. Long, long ago in Carved. Gifts from Lodges, - - - -- - - Fºia. Odd #. the glacial period, when the glacier neglected to visit this region, came 38 THE NATIONAL MONUMENT. great floods of water levelling flat surfaces, forcing back the hills, preparing an incomparable situation for a great city. “River of the Meeting of the Tribes” was the unwittingly appropriate title of the Aborigines for the Potomac, as the white denizens on her banks assemble around the Capital's Council fire from every part of the Universe. .. The monument site was selected by President Polk. Among those who listened to the oration of Robert C. Winthrop at the laying of the corner- stone, were Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, Mrs. Dolly Paine Madison, Mrs. John Quincy Adams, George W. P. Custis, Chief Justice Taney and Martin Van Buren, and an eagle twenty-five years old which had presided over the pageant in honor of Lafayette. 1 The Latrobe gateway of the Navy-Yard at Washington declares it con- temporary with the Capitol. The British fired upon it in the war of 1812, when they sent a war vessel up the Anacostia river, to attack Bladensburg. The Yard is at present devoted to Ordnance, though before 1812, famous ships were built here — the Wasp, Argus, and Viper. There is no Gun-factory in the country with more delicate machinery than this: guns are jacketed and turned true within I-10,000 of an inch ; a 1 100 lb. shell is fired 13 miles without recoil, as the gun is hung like a pendulum and never “kicks to the rear.” The traveling electric crane and an electric forge by which cold metal plunged in cold water is at white heat in a few seconds betoken a new day of miracles to the uninitiated. I “The National Capitol,” by Stilson Hutchins and Joseph West Moore. WHAT TO SEE. Sons of Tempe ran cºe, States, foreign countries, battle-fields, Cherokee Na- tion. Stones from Ottler's Summit, and from Chapel of William Tell. Ruins of Carthage. Tomb of Napoleon at St. Helena. Parthenon sent by Greece. Marbles from Turkey, China, Japan, Siam and Brazil. The Navy Yard is at foot of Eighth St., S. E. Eleventh St., Anacostia car. Open 9 to sunset. Gun-shop on Dahlgren Ave. Process of making steel breech-loading rifles forged at Bethlehem, Pa. Guns, calibers and ranges corres- pond. Ioin. range, 1o miles. Gun-Carriage Shop. Projec- , tile Department. The Museum shaded by Com. Bainbridge will ow brough t from grave of Napoleon at St. Helena. Gun-Park. Cannon Trophies. of British, Mexican and Tripolitan Wars, First 15 inch gun, Long Tom cast 1786, Guns of Monitor “Yankee Cheese-box on a raft,” Guns taken York- town, Bronze cannons cap- tured by Capt. Stephen Decatur, 39 º º º --- º - T - LIGHT BATTERY M., SEVENTH A RTILLERY, WASHINGTON BA R RACKS. ou ADRANGLE of THE OLD ARSENAL, 1823, WASHINGTON BARRACKS. THE NAVY YARD AND WASHINGTON BARRACKS. The perfecting of this machinery and models are in great part due to our WHAT TO SEE. own Naval inventors, many of whom live in Washington. An interesting Model Tank. process is the “sweeping” by machine of coal-oil from the surface of the Mºº §. water in the “Model Tank'' where tests are made. §. i. d a.m. by the The Yacht Sylph, the President's Own, is in commission at the wharf. - - - The Naval Observatory. A notable trip was that of March, 1900, when the Sylph carried a Con- Open 9 to 3. Tenallytown gressional party with Admiral Dewey, the Board of Inspection U. S. N., ...”. . - - - - Equatorial telescope 26 in. and other naval officers accompanied by Colonel Allen, Assistant Secretary 1. . . . o.º. of the Navy, down the Potomac as far as Mt. Vernon to witness the tests tories $85,000. of the Holland Submarine torpedo boat. From the deck of the Sylph is a fine view of old and new Washington. Along shore on the other side of James Creek is the old Greenleaf's Point or Turkey Buzzard, where was the settlement of Carrollsburg. As the U. S. Arsenal, its buildings were burned by the British. For a time a portion was the Penitentiary, where the conspirators against Lincoln were hanged. Now it is the WASHING- TON BARRACKS and is a lovely, leafy peninsula tipped by a quaint quadrangle, at the meeting of the Potomac with the Eastern Branch. - The MARINE BARRACKs, a few blocks up Eighth Street, is the National Headquarters for all Marine Stations. Everyone admires the brilliant spot of color made by the red-coats of the Marine Band in the Conservatory at the White House. The presence of the Marine Band assures one of the finest music at the splendid official functions and delightful Summer Concerts at the Barracks. Not E. The Commandant’s house is nearly 1oo years old. The story goes that the first Commandant lived there so long (29 years) that he thought he owned the house and actually willed it to his son. 4 I Anacostia and the Indian Tribes of the Potomac. “A ZZ around the haft/y zillage - “ Unmolested rozwed the hunters Stood the maize field's green and shining.” Built the birch canoe for sailing.” A The Indians have bequeathed to Washington the name of Anacostia, that she may not forget that her soil was once a part of the hunting-grounds of the great Powhatan Confederacy, to which the Nachotanks or Anacostans belonged, as well as their neighbors the Moyanones of Broad Creek, the Assaomecks at Alexandria and the Tauxenents at Mt. Vernon. Smith introduced us to the Emperor of these tribes by his rude portrait drawn in the corner of his famous Map of Virginin. Wahun- sunakok “Held this State and fashion when Captain Smith was delivered to him prisoner.” To him, our earliest Virginian hero of romance and adventure, led by his positive genius for “Western planting” to explore the “Potowameck,” we owe our first quaint description of the Indian customs. One may picture the plundering of the village of Anacostia. It happened in this wise: for the sake of “goodly corne fields in 1622, some white men sailed up the Potomac in search of wheat, and joined forces with a chief hostile to the Nachotanks. One may imagine the hideous war-dance by the yellow fire-light; and how before sunrise the warriors in black and yellow war-paint filed through the woods to the canoes after the weroqnce, his moccasins fringed with the hair of his enemies, his head-dress of snake-raftles; (“He is the most gallant who is the most frightful to behold,” said, Smith). And how the Nachotank scout “of the quick ear,” catching the slight sound of the beaching of the canoes, warned his tribe by the screech of the owl; how the Anacostans sprang with a war- whoop to battle. Many arrow-heads were found on the slopes near the navy yard bridge.” 1 The last of the Powhatans or Pamunks are said to have followed some Mormon missionaries to Utah, and these lordly chiefs sit in lonely pride by the Great Salt Lake. 2 The Indians were at first friendly, according to the interesting letters of the Calvert Adventurers to friends in England," 42 Home. ANACOSTIA. Somewhat more than two centuries Passed and Anacostia’s aboriginal battle- field became the peaceful Talburtt place; under its spreading chestnut tree the author of “Home, Sweet Home,” spent many hours gazing upon the charming Prospect of Washington, the Nation's - [^IOA AAGI N + O LINGI INI ĐA NI H.L. Z ºrosi （Iv I. Iaso H ‘n v \\ （I LAIO NI “Isno H x H （1318 º H.L. · AGI IA SI Ioao^fjLºi i'w xºi ^1）+1\riosi ‘visno H ȘInĐv ºſas ºsv. HO & I. v>+ + H_L ‘clooxygiº)c121 1Bladensburg and Berwyn. Nothing will impress one of the rapid evolution of the city, than a journey over her boulevards into the country district between Eckington and Berwyn. Every green height invites a country residence and a part in the destiny of a “Greater Washington.” If your fancy beguiles you to pay a visit to the famous dueling ground at Bladensburg, alight at the District Line on the right and bear to the left in a half circle. You walk past the old Colonel Rives place on the Bladensburg pike into the hollow where the gallant Commodore Barney faced the British in 1814. In the field on the right, Commodore Decatur fought Commodore Barron. A little further on near the bridge is the battle- field where General Winder met the British. On their march to attack the Capitol City the enemy pressed into service the wagon-loads of grain leaving their darky drivers free to return home to Bladensburg and years after to tell “little Miss” sitting in the quarter-door about the most awful day of their lives when the terrible red-coats took marse's horse and carriage. - All the commercial prestige of Bladensburg, founded in 1742, was snuffed out when the Anacostia river, which had borne a schooner laden with English brick for the Calvert Mansion, dwindled to a shallow stream crossed on stepping-stones. You drink at the Spring or “Spa” to the days of auld Zazag syne, when Bladensburg was the Saratoga of Washington, and its gray Inn the gayest of the gay. It was the birthplace of William West the distinguished jurist. It is a short jaunt to ſeizersdale a former Mansion of the Calverts, a branch of the Lord Baltimore family. In this beautiful Maryland dale, where meet the rivers Little Patuxent and the Eastern Branch of the Potomac, were entertained Lafayette and Daniel Webster; on the lake-bound island, Henry Clay drew up the Missouri Compromise Bill. North from the Riverdale station you pass the Maryland Agricultural College and arrive in the pleasant village of Berwyn. 57 THE CHAPEL, GALLAUDET COLLEGE, KENDA LL GREEN. st ATUE OF DR. THOMAs H. GALLAUDET, of HARTFoRD, TEACHING HIs LITTLE FRIEND, ALICE COGGSWELL, Z)azzie/ C. French, Sculptor. TO FORM THE LETTER A. Gallaudet Cottage at Kendall Green. Many a time and oft on your homeward ride from the Library of Congress, or perchance from West Washington, you meet a silent and merry group of young people, talking vivaciously with fingers and eyes. They are the students of Gallaudet College for the Deaf, who doubtless have been watching a foot-ball game at Georgetown University; Kendall Green is famous for its fine campus, and the men of its silent schools excel in athletic sports as well as in the “ologies” and “isms.” This unique college, the only one for the Deaf in the world, sends forth editors, publishers, lawyers and teachers. It was begun as a primary school under the benefactions of Amos Kendall, in 1857, after the method of Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet of Hartford. Now it is a National College incorporated by Con- gress. The President Dr. Edward Gallaudet has been a moving factor in its progress. Many eminent men have delighted to speak to the alert, eager, responsive faces in the audience room of the pretty Chapel, particularly President Garfield who made his last public speech here. Dom Pedro planted one of the ivies, which make picturesque the buildings in the beautiful grounds. The primary class is considered the post of honor by the teachers. The children are often pathetically unconscious of their odd way of putting things. . - “One little beginner when asked what George Washington did when his father inquired about the cherry-tree, wrote on the blackboard : “He took his hatchet in his left hand, and told his father he did it.” “Why in his left hand?” asked the teacher surprised. “Because he had to use his right hand to tell his father.” The child thought George Washington was deaf and dumb. Bennings is some miles beyond Kendall Green on the Columbia line. The Bennings race-track is well-known. The cars pass through East Deanewood and Chesapeake junction," where one may take a trip by train Eastward as the crow flies to beautiful Chesapeake Beach on the Bay, passing en route some of the oldest Manor grants of Maryland. 1 The trains leave several times a day connecting with the Columbia Cars. See Newspapers for latest Time-Tables. 59 º MANsion of GEORGE was HINGTON PARKE CUSTIs, 1803-1857. ARLINGTON HOUSE. A royz a Photogra/h & Zº. Zee Fergresozº. - HOME OF ROBERT E. LEE, 1831–1861. Arlington. “A'o rumor of the Joe's advance. Now swells upon the wind.” On the wooded heights of Arlington the valorous sleep; they were borne hither to lie under these great red oaks from every battlefield of Virginia, from Islands in Southern Seas, even drawn from beneath the entangling shrouds of sea-weed, sweeping over a battle-ship sunk in ocean depths. In this beautiful spot the silence is intensified by a falling acorn, a crow's flapping wings, a passing wheel; flags droop protectingly. The inscriptions on the pathetic low files of marble, tell how from far and wide our soldiers gathered as one army; comrades numbers 1,048 and 1,049 on the Roll of Honor, were enlisted from New York and Massachusetts. Abreast of patriot Robert Stephenson, U. S. A., lies an Ohio Sergeant; hard by is one who answered from Indiana, and a boy from Maine. As you gaze at the motionless ranks of the heroes of Bull Run, Manassas, Chantilly, of all the fields between the Potomac and Rappahanock, a bugle echoes over the gray wall; the glint of a sabre, the rattling accoutrements of the drill at Fort Myer, recall the living camp. The resolute young cavalry-troop wheels and advances gallantly, careless of when its drum may beat “to Arms.” In the opposite distance rises the Memorial to the “Unknown.” Across the Avenue the Granite monument to the Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Defences of Wash- ington, 1862–1865, speaks of the constant valor in the little State of Connecticut. Who does not remember Washington's right hand war Governor, “Brother Jonathan,” whose forces and supplies came to the rescue in the Revolution. Naval heroes are here: Admiral David D. Porter and rear-admiral Samuel Phillips Lee, who com- manded Farragut's advance at Vicksburg, rear-admiral W. W. Queen, who commanded a division of Porter's mortar fleet before New Orleans. Several of these Defences of Washington are about Arlington. Walking Southwest you pass white stones strewn by the Spanish War. The simple lines 6i MEMORIAL DAY AT ARLINGTON. “died at Camp Wikoff,” tell one sad story. You may climb the picturesque grass-grown ramparts of Fort McPherson for a superb view of the sun-kissed Potomac, and of the Long Bridge over which so many men marched, never to return, except to yonder bourne. Returning toward Arlington House, look across the block of granite reared by the Iron Brigade; through the loop-hole made by the cedars, the central point of the picture is the White House nest- ling against dark trees framed in a shadow-box of the City's red brick. - The Temple of Fame is near the leafy Amphitheatre, where on each Memorial Day, 1 is eloquently reiterated Byron's “deep and sweeping thought,” - “They mezer fail who die In a great cause.” On these Decoration Days, the deeply touching ceremony of strewing flowers takes place. Virginia's exquisite blooms, wild and cultivated, abound at Arlington; especially luxuriant are the - clusters of purple wisteria against hillsides of glossy green. It is not strange that Mr. Custis de- lighted to build on these flower-crowned heights this noble mansion with its templed Portico. A short history of Arlington House is written on tablets in the Hall; Governor Berkley's grant of 6,000 acres to Robert Howsen was conveyed to John Alexander” for six hogsheads of tobacco, then purchased by John Parke Custis and inherited by the adopted son of General Washington — George Washington Parke Custis, who was born at Mt. Airy in Prince George's County, Maryland, the seat of his grandfather, Benedict Calvert, descendant of Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore. You easily read between these lines, of the boundless hospitality of Mr. Custis, if you have talked 1 The first Decoration Day at Arlington was celebrated May 30, 1868, under orders of Gen. John A. Logan, Commander- in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. Gen. James A. Garfield was orator of the day, and among those on the Portico were Generals Grant and Hancock and their staffs. 2 Of the Alexander family for whom Alexandria was named. 62 ARLINGTON HOUSE. with those who remember his familiar figure in the streets of Washington, or those who have hunted rabbits with him in the woods of Georgetown. They will tell you that evening after evening, the coaches would roll up with kindred and friends, and ladies on pillions from the Virginian and Mary. land estates, and with distinguished sojourners at the Capital, and how gay were the revels in these spacious rooms then filled with treasures of his beloved foster-father Washington, now restored to Mt. Vernon, or in the National Museum. There were also the merrymakings at the Arlington Sheep-Shearings, held by Mr. Custis in the interests of Merino sheep. In later years he built a pavilion near his crystal spring, and many grown. up boys and girls recall the picnics at “Arlington Spring” as the happiest days of summer, and especially when Mr. Custis himself came down with his fiddle and played for them. The daughter of Mr. Custis married Robert E. Lee, the son of “Light Horse Harry,” the dashing cavalier of the Revolution. In one of these rooms, Colonel Lee fought the fight between his love for Virginia and his oath to his country. General Scott had believed in his loyalty, therefore Lee was offered, on behalf of President Lincoln, in a private interview, command of the army by Mr. Frances Preston Blair, father of Hon. Montgomery Blair, Postmaster-General. But Robert Lee did not echo the burning words of Patrick Henry : “I am not a Virginian, I am an American,” spoken at the First Continental Con- gress in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, to which with Washington and Edmund Pendleton, he rode “in noble companionship.” Lee became the greatest leader of the “Lost Cause,” so exquisitely epitomized in the Confederate Statue raised at Alexandria. hen President Lincoln visited Arlington, some months after the unhappy, tragic withdrawing of Colonel Lee to Richmond, the grounds were white with the tents of Federal troops, and the mansion McDowell's Headquarters. After the battle of the Wilderness, Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs suggested 63 - - - - s H. E.R ID: A N - - - - - - --~~ - - - ºr - Fºº- ---. - --- - THE SHERIDAN GATE, ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY. Washington Monument in the distance. FORT MYER AND FALLS CHURCH. that Arlington be made a Military cemetery. Its entrances are through four gates, the McClellan, the Fort Myer, 1 the Ord and Weitzel and Sheridan.” When the Memorial Bridge from Arlington meets L'Enfant's ideal Boulevard to the Capitol, as a beautiful promenade and superb vista, it will be unequalled. At sunset the iron Triangle reverberates through the trees; it is the signal that Arlington is closed till sunrise, except to those who watch the bivouac of the silent. “For the noblest man that lives there still remains a conflict.” In the Civil War ForT MYER was the strong garrison Fort Whipple; now a training school for the Signal Corps whose handsome officers' quarters you pass on the cars from Aqueduct Bridge. South of the great field devoted to hurdle jumping, polo and squadron drill are the ramparts of Fort Tillinghast and Fort Cass. Superb feats of horsemanship may be seen in the Riding-hall, where in 1898 there were two hundred cots for sick soldiers from Camp Alger. Visitors enjoy the early morning drill, and at gala band-concerts there is literally a dress parade under parasols by friends and sweethearts. When on duty as military escort in winter, the blue and orange capes of the Cavalry are extremely picturesque. - A splendid military road crosses Fort Myer Heights, a fast growing suburb; for some distance the car for FALLS CHURCH winds its way through a pretty woodland district, passing the Court House. Falls Church is one of the oldest villages hereabouts on the Indian trail from Alexandria, over which marched a part of Braddock's forces. 1 The Washington, Arlington and Falls Church Railway passes the Fort Myer Gate, connecting by Aqueduct Bridge and the stone steps from M Street, with the F Street Line at Prospect Avenue. The visitor will find it convenient to enter by the Fort Myer gate and return by the Sheridan. 2 The Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon Railway passes the Sheridan Gate. Cars to Washington or Mt. Vernon. 65 Georgetown. Of old, the aristocrat Georgetown gazed at Washington and said, “Before you were, I was,” as the pre-historic Gibraltar of the Old Salem confectionery said to chocolate and sherbet. Georgetown has now been adopted into the Washington family as “West Washington.” In some streets she keeps a quaint air of old-fashioned gentility because of certain gabled houses with dormer windows. In by-gone Maryland days, when Benjamin Franklin was Postmaster, and the blowing of horns at ten of the clock was village curfew, Cherry Alley was the c’ot end o' the town o' George : here dwelt the Bealls, Whanns, Balchs, Thompsons and Mechlins and all the rest of the A. A. M’s and A. F. V.'s. Beautiful Analostan Island was the home of the Mason family. The first American ancestor Col. Geo. Mason was driven to take refuge in Virginia during the troublous times of Charles I. A Mason once refused an offer for this Island of as many pieces of silver as would circle it’s shores. The original 60 acres tract of Georgetown was a portion of the patent of 705 acres called the Rock of Dumbarton “issued by Henry Darnell, keeper of the great seals of the State of Maryland,” to Col. Ninian Beall. Georgetown was enlarged in 1783 by Beall's “Addition ” and by the Peter Beatty, Threkeld and Deakin addition, and four other “Additions.” The first three Mayors were Robert Peter, Thomas Beall and Uriah Forrest. Among the Councilmen was Thomas Corcoran, ancestor of William W. Corcoran. The tannery of Mr. Corcoran, Sr., stood near the Naval Observatory, and it is related that his son William was employed in the country store to sell needles and pins to the young ladies of Georgetown, – who, by the way, were celebrated for their beauty: The Ministers who took up their abode in Georgetown, for want of accommodations in Washington, were continually writing home that “no handsomer girls were to be found at balls anywhere,” certainly Baron de Bodisco, the Russian minister thought so; but, to return: Young William Corcoran was so handsome with such charming manners, that he was nick-named “Gentleman Corcoran.” Particular mammas were much dis. 66 GEORGETOWN HEIGHTS. tressed because this gallant lad was such a great favorite; the climax was reached when he was chosen to crown the Queen of the May. The mother of the Queen-elect forbade the disappointed maid to take part in the pretty ceremony, little dreaming of the scorned youth's brilliant future à l’Américaine. Sleeping romances are rife in old Georgetown. A true Lover's Lane is that on the Heights. When the Bealls and the Williams and Mackalls all owned Squares, – even double squares seem to have been not unusual wedding gifts to a daughter from fond parents in those days — Lover's Lane was the ideal narrow way to a secluded bower, overlooking Rock Creek, the crowning charm of the charming Elvert- son estate, Lover's Lane still divides the Boyce, afterward Beall estate from the old Linthicum place. Its grand old Mansion, “The Oaks,” is the Henry F. Blount residence. The Williams Homestead “Oak Crest,” inherited by George W. Cissel, Esq., was a part of the property of Brooke Williams, Sr., whose daughter of remarkable beauty, Harriett Beall Williams, a school girl of sixteen, was wooed and married by Baron de Bodisco and became the American star of the Russian Court. Never was seen a more brilliant wedding; the bride was given away by Henry Clay, the uniform of the bridegroom heavy with gold lace and covered with orders might stand alone; the full court dress of the grooms- men, the Ministers from Great Britian, from Austria, from the Netherlands and from Texas added to the splendor, also Senator Buchanan, afterward President, led the no less distinguished American con- tingent. Among those at the reception were President Van Buren and Daniel Webster. The grand- daughter of Madame Bodisco, Miss Olga de Bodisco, recently made her debut at St. Petersburg and is first maid of honor to the Empress. The superb portrait of Madame Bodisco which hung in the Williams homestead illustrates Miss Mackall's interesting chapter on this romantic courtship and wedding in her intimate history of the old West Washington families entitled “Early Days of Wash- ington.” 1 The beautiful Miss Barton of Georgetown also married a Bodisco.” - 1 Early Days of Washington by S. Somervell Mackall. The Neale Company, Publishers. Washington. 2 The Bodisco House is on O Street, No. 33.22. 6 - 7 TUDOR PLACE 3 IST From a Photogra/h Ay LATROBE, ARCHITECT. GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER OF MARTHA was HINGTON. J/iss A. B. Johzzstoft. ST., GEORGETown. RESIDENCE OF MIRs. BEVERLY KENNON, OLD CHURCHES OF GEORGETOWN. “Tudor Place,” was one of the first houses built on Georgetown Heights by Thomas Peter, son of Robert, whose tract was ceded to him by George the Third. Mrs. Peter of “Tudor Place” was the daughter of John Parke Custis, and her daughter Mrs. Beverly Kennon well remembers when Lafayette paid her mother a visit on the evening of his reception at the Capitol as the Nation's Guest. At the time of the French General's Progress through the States, a gentleman who did not have Lafayette's portrait dangling on his ribbon watch-chain was quite out of the mode. This grand old house, shadowed by the locust which was a stalwart tree before the house saw the light, is filled with heirlooms of the Washington family only visible to the initiated. The china is priceless: the “M.” set of Martha Washington, the white gold-band dinner set of General Washington; also the “G. W.” set presented to him by the French Officers. The Presbyterian Church of Georgetown erected in 1783 was the only Protestant Church between Alexandria and Rock Creek Church in Washington's day—and General Washington often worshipped in the original Church on the corner of Bridge and Washington Streets, as did Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin. Reverend Stephen Balch was very popular and preached to large congregations; the one stone which he erected to his three wives on which they are numbered Elizabeth first and Eliza- beth second is in the old Presbyterian burying-ground. The first services, the beginnings of St. John's Church, were held in the Presbyterian Church in 1794 by the Rev. Walter D. Addison, who, during his “loved pastorate,” became blind. In reading the names of the past ministers of this little Church one finds most able men. Rev. Stephen H. Tyng became rector of St. George's New York. Rev. Ruel Keith of Christ Church, West Washington, organized 1818. Rev. John S. Lindsay of St. Paul’s, Boston. Rev. J. A. Regester is at St. Paul’s, Buffalo, and Rev. Mr. Buck at St. Paul's, Rock Creek. The Western High School, with its unsurpassed educational equipment, stands on the site of “The Cedars,” the Cox Homestead. The Threkeld family burying ground is hard by. 69 THE VOLTA BUREAU. The Convent and Academy of the Visitation founded in 1789 is a cloistered order. It had a strange and romantic origin as the outgrowth of a little community known as the Pious Ladies, who, on account of the destruction of the French convents, fled to America to escape imprisonment or per- volt A BUREAU, 35TH AND J. FOUNDED BY DR. ALEXANDER G. BELL. to the study of this systematic movement. it has become one of the countless “little leavens haps the guillotine. Quite in contrast with the old-time air of Fayette Street, or 35th Street, its modern name, is the small and handsome Volta Aureau founded in the interests of the Deaf throughout the world by Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. The Volta prize for the most useful application of electricity was awarded Dr. Bell and he transferred this $10,000 to ad- vance the education of the Deaf. It is amazing and interest- ing to glance over the wide correspondence carried on by Mr. Hitz the Superintendent with the Silent Circles: Schools for the Deaf have been established in all civilized countries and requests for the Reports of the Volta Bureau containing the last new plan for the encouragement of their pupils are many. “The Story of the Rise of the Oral Method in America as told in the writings of the late Hon. Gardiner G. Hubbard” by his daughter Mrs. Bell is the best introduction The direct results of the Volta Bureau reach far; indirectly, ” in Washington which by seeking the greatest good of individuals is leavening the whole world. The pamphlets of wisdom spread broadcast by the Smithsonian and Scientific Bureaus are the harbingers of peace which will noiselessly eliminate war from the vocabulary of Nations. Strife will become an impossible factor among the peoples 7o GEORGETOWN. of the earth cemented by the lightest, most agreeable and strongest ties imaginable, the joys of mutual development in educa- tion, agriculture, commerce, the study of the heavens, of forests, birds, plants; even in weather signals, to warn of the coming storm, the dangerous reef, guiding ships under all flags to safe haven. At the foot of 35th Street is the house of Dr. Charles Worthington and Dr. Nicholas Worthington, two of the many noted physicians of Georgetown. Washington often visited Dr. Charles Worthington. Here Dr. Worthington nursed back to life a British soldier wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg. Some years passed and he learned that he had entertained Sir George Browne of his Majesty's 85th Reg. (afterwards a Crimean hero and decorated with the Cross of the Legion of Honor). A gold snuff-box arrived with the inscription to Dr. Worthington : “Presented as a small Mark of his gratitude for the extreme kindness and attention experienced by him when left severely wounded under the care of Dr. Charles Worthington, after the capture of Washington, 24th Aug., 1814.” Dr. Louis Mackall born in the Mackall Homestead in the Heights, owned the plantation Mattapoin; near Bladensburg. In 1838, he witnessed by chance the last duel on the duelling ground between Jonathan Cilley and William J. Graves which caused the “duelling act” to be passed in the District. Dr. Hezekiah Magruder's home is at the corner of P Street and 33d; there was also the worthy Dr. Peregrine Warfield, and Dr. Busey writes of a later period that “ at the National Medical College were associated a remarkable set of Medical men. Drs. Thomas Miller (who afterwards resided on F Street in Washington), William P. Johnston, Harvey Lindsey, Dr. Grafton Tyler (who was attend. ing physician at Georgetown University for fifty years) and Joshua Riley. The house of the much- beloved Dr. Riley stands on N. Street. Among the neighboring homesteads are the Ladd-Reden. Smoot House and the Robert Dick House. The Barbour homestead or Caperton house is at 3241 N. Street, the residence of J. William Henry. On M. Street near the Aqueduct Bridge is the Francis Scott Key House, author of the “ Star Spangled Banner.” 1 The Worthington Homestead is the residence of Miss Kearney, daughter of the late Gen. James Kearney, U.S. A. 2 The present Mackall House, residence of Dr. Louis Mackall 2d, is a splendid old mansion at the Corner of Dumbarton Ave. and 31st Sts. * * * * º 71 DR. CHARLEs work THINGTON Hous E, AT PROSPECT Ave. AND 35TH ST. º Nº. º - º º . -º- - -º-º-º: º-º-º: - - - - ºf: “PROSPECT cott AGE,” Home of MRs. E. D. E. N. southworth, Foot of 36TH ST., WEST WASHINGTON. INTERIOR ST. John's CHURCH, GEORGETown, At O AND WATER STS. - GEORGETOWN. It is a delightful privilege to see the private Art Gallery 1 of Thomas E. Waggaman, Esq. His unusual Water-color collection, of the English, French (Barbazon) and modern Dutch School, is suppleménted by a superb collection of ceramics. In Georgetown University there are many treasures of art and literature. In the Reception Room a Guercino and Lucca Della Robbia; also the dining-table of Leonard Calvert. In the Library, founded by Elisha F. Riggs in honor of his father, may be seen a rare translation of St. Thomas Aquinas, – of which only three copies exist; a volume printed in 1459; some Irish Historic extracts from the Koran, taken from a Tripolitan sailor by Commodore Decatur. A mosaic of the Vatican is in the Coleman Museum. The name “Gaston Hall” recalls the first student, Hon. William Gaston of North Carolina. Across the Quadrangle is the beautiful Dahlgren Memorial Chapel, erected by Elizabeth Drexel Dahlgren. Magnificent views are obtained from the College Tower and the Observatory. Near Aqueduct Bridge, far beneath the vine-clad “Prospect Cottage” of Mrs. Southworth, is the starting point of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, the site of old Georgetown Ferry and the wharves; from this port richly laden vessels sailed for the West Indies. Among the ship-owners was one, Francis Dodge, who came from Salem in 1798; his seven sons owned a large part of Georgetown. Mr. Dodge used to delight in the story of his first meeting with General Washington : “One evening Washington arrived just after the Ferry had left, and seemed so keenly disappointed that young Dodge offered to row him over to Analostan Island, where his coach awaited him : Washington gladly accepted and crossed to the causeway, whose ruins are still visible, arriving at Mt. Vernon that night.” A dear old lady, a descendant of Martha Washing- ton, — a Georgetown belle of sixty-five years ago — described the Chain Ferry, as worked “by horses walking around a stone;” she was accustomed to be ferried to the balls at Arlington in patches, powder, lace lappets and mitts; or, accom- panied by her old “Mammy,” to visit her cousins on their Potomac estates. Once she said to the writer: “Ah, my dear, 1. At 33d and O Streets. Visitors are admitted between 11 and 4 on Thursdays from January to May, for a 50 cent fee, de- voted to charitable purposes. 73 THE TOW-PATH, CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL The ground was broken by President John Quincy Adams, Fourth of July, 1828. THE POTOMAC VALLEY. when I was a girl we went visiting because we loved our kinsfolk, not just for a gay time ; they’re not so clannish in these days.” You leave the College Observatory high on your right to follow the beautiful Potomac Valley bounded by the Palisades. Yonder Conduit Road is the “Macadam roof” over the Washington Aqueduct. In 1814, from the old Iron Foundry, Henry Foxhall saw the British approaching to seize the cannon he was making, and he then and there made a vow that if his foundry were spared, he would erect a church. Suddenly a violent wind and rain storm beat full in the faces of the enemy and they passed his foundry by. Foxhall erected the original “Foundry Church,” at the corner of 14th and G Streets, naming it for his vow and for the old deserted foundry in England where Wesley held his meetings. Foxhall had entertained Wesley when he preached his crusade through Maryland, and was one of the converts who founded the new sect of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a devoted friend of Thomas Jefferson and Gouverneur Morris, our Minister to France ; Foxhall befriended emigrés and many letters and rare French mementoes remain in the old home, on Dumbarton Avenue, Georgetown, now the residence of his granddaughter, Mrs. Charles McCartney. “Spring Hill” the Fox- hall Summer residence is west of Georgetown College. The river or Canal Road meets Chain Bridge which, if it would, might furnish the plot for more than one drama or tragedy on its Virginian side the curtain has risen at early dawn on many a duelling SCene. - Little Falls, a pretty rush of water, served the tribes of “the Powhatan’’ with delicious shad, as a Calvert letter to England of 1634 says: to vary “the diet of Poane and Omine” and “Deere, Ra- connes, Squirrels, Bitternes, Herons, Geese, Partridge, Ducks, red, blew, Partie-colored Birds, in which this hopeful plantation Aboundeth.” Thus far did Captain Smith voyage in 1608; his History of Virginia describes clearly the Palisades: 7%e Pa-ſaw-o-meck aboze this place (Little Falls) makeſh a passage dowme a Ż/easant zaſley overshadowed in mammie places with rocky mountains which distil innumberable sweet and Żleasant springs,” ... “at the 75 . CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH AT LITTLE FALLS. grazing of the bulleſs upon the water, together with the ecco of the heights, downe went the bows and arrows.” Without doubt, above Sycamore Island, and High Island of mountainous lichened rocks hiding the rarest of wild flowers, was an Indian village in the sheltered little plateau behind the bluff at Glen Echo Park. Above Little Falls the Potomac changed its name from “River of the Tribes” to Cohon- guroton, “River of Swans.” At Glen Echo Gate you enter the Wa-pe-nan Way, “path of the morn- ing sun.” THE FOUNTAIN witH “JUBILEE columns' IN GLEN ECHO PARK. 76 “ 7%e hoary cliffs are crowned with ſlowers, JPhile o'er the limz, the burnie Żours. And rising, weets with misty showers.” – BURNs. It is a wee summer journey from the hot asphalt to the cool touch of deep woods at Glen Echo Park, high away among the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge. From Lookout Bluff the meadow lark and the bob-o-link answer the rippling of the mountain brook through the leafy ravine. On moonlight nights the wierd, fascinating shadows seem to resolve into a dusky T.A. Pocahontas, or Cabin John wandering axe in hand through his favorite rabbit & hunting ground. The rustic buildings of cedar logs which were originally in- tended solely for the “feast of reason" of a summer Chautauqua, are now the scene of festive gayety with music, dancing and entertainments in the great amphitheatre which will seat eight thousand people. The view from the restaurant balcony, where dinner is served, across fountain and plaza to the castle on the bluff, dotted with white lights, is most picturesque. A novelty is a trip in an electric launch on the canal, where the slow-moving house boat hitherto held exclusive rights. To be towed and lifted over the Locks from Washington to Great Falls, is a story- book journey not to be despised. - The estate of Miss Clara Barton, pioneer of the great “Red Cross” movement adjoins the Park. Above Glen Echo is the most romantic, dashing little stream in all Maryland, “Cabin John Run.” Its namesake Captain, or Cabin John, lived a hermit at its junction with Bowie Run. Cabin John Bridge, the largest single span of masonry in the world, springs one hundred feet above the tiny river 77 ENTRANCE TO AMPHITHEATRE ABOVE TI-IE RAVINE. Prom a Photogra/, Ży Aºrazz/; J/. Aoze/e7. CABIN JOHN BRIDGE AND GREAT FALLS. - of a peculiar green tone, blending with the tints of the celebrated walking fern for which botanists eagerly search its gorges. The granite quarries here are similar to “Richmond granite.” Cabin John Hotel across the bridge has charming grounds sloping to the “Run,” and it is the fad to ride out from Washington in the cool of the day for “fish breakfasts,” and drive to Great Falls.1 The Potomac was a notedly dangerous water-way, and the scows of the Maryland settlers laden with flour were often upset. Washington, after voyaging over its course in a pirogue hollowed from a poplar tree, suggested a canal of five locks about Great Falls, which was built by the Potomac Com- pany. . A picture of Great Falls hangs at Mt. Vernon, painted under Washington's supervision by the English artist, Beck. It was purchased by Joseph May of Boston, as a “Relic of the family,” in memory of his visit to Washington's home and finally restored. The roar of superb cascades falling through great ledges of granite may be distinctly heard as you approach the quaint Maryland Inn. To see the Falls from the Virginian Banks it is necessary to follow the bicycle path, turning off some distance back at the Club House of the Angler's Association of Washington to the Ferry. A half mile walk through the woods is a famous stopping place for the sportsmen who angle for bass below the Falls. A new Dam is proposed to control this enormous power for electric lighting and transportation throughout the District of Columbia. The property was purchased from the Butler Estate for this purpose, in the interest of the Washington Traction and Electric Company. Several gold veins lie near the Falls, and some are being worked to a limited extent. - Returning to Cabin John Bridge along the Conduit Road, the traveler will find the longest way round to Washington on the Tenallytown car, to be — for variety's sake — the pleasantest way home. Cars for Glen Echo Park and Cabin John Bridge may be taken on F St. See Index. 1 Carriages for Great Falls may be found at the Trolley Terminus, Cabin John Bridge. l 79 - - GREAT FALLS OF THE POTOMAC. Tenallytown. Up, up, through Georgetown, built on many hills like Rome, past the Naval Observatory, from which the time is telegraphed throughout the country, one rides into Tenallytown, Washington's suburb of charming prospects. Weston the aforetime estate of Col. Thomas Lorraine McKenney, originator of the Indian Bureaus at the request of President Madison, adjoins the Observatory. The long gravel walk lined with syringas, lilacs, crêpe myrtle and trees of roses was the delight of Mrs. Madison's heart in the long hot days, and is known as “Mrs. Madison's walk.” The estates of Greenwood and Rosedale belonged to Col. Thomas Plater of Sotterly, a son of the distinguished Revolutionary Governor of Maryland, George Plater of Ronsby Hall. Rosedale, literally a dale of roses, with a rose thicket three feet deep around it, forming a prickly, sweet and impassible barrier, was the dower-house of a beauti- - ful daughter of the Platers who married General Uriah Forrest. Gen. Forrest owned an immense tract of the District of Columbia, then Maryland. Some years later, that part of the Forrest Estate on the brow of the hill where Massachusetts Avenue extended meets Georgetown Road, now known as Mt. St. Alban, became the property of Joseph Nourse, first Registrar of the Treasury. His granddaughter Miss Phoebe Nourse left forty gold dollars “for a free church on Mt. Alban.” This deed was the little spark which kindled the great matter of the little Church of St. Alban, also, unconsciously the greater matter of fixing the magnificent site of the future Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, whose foun- dation is marked by the Peace Cross. The Phoebe A. Hearst School for Girls is already established On the Cathedral foundation. Bishop Claggett, the first Bishop consecrated in the Western hemi- sphere and first chaplain of the United States Senate at Washington, lies under the chancel window at St. Albans and will eventually be placed in the crypt of the Cathedral. 81 - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - THE NOURSE HOMESTEAD, BUILT BY JOSEPH Nou RSE, FIRST REGISTRAR OF THE TREASURY. - RESIDENCE OF JAMES NOURSE, ESQ., TENALLY Town, D. C. - Arrozz, a Photogra// & J/rs. Æ. Hº. Trescoſ, Hºashing fox. THE PEACE CROSS. The dedication of the Peace Cross, Oct. 23, 1898, was an unusual ceremony of religious and national interest; people of all creeds assembled on the Cathedral site, which “over- looks the capital of a great nation of free men, to assist at the unveiling of the Cross which was wrapped in the national flag.”" Thomas Nelson Page writes: “It was an afternoon worthy of the occasion ; one of those shining autumnal days that in this latitude gleams like a smile of God. The scene was one never to be forgotten. From the lofty hill-top, crowned with a grove of oaks splendid with the russet and gold of the Fall, away to the Eastward stretched a slope carpeted with primeval forest in all the richness and brilliance of autumnal coloring. Beyond lay the beautiful capital city of the nation, with the dome and long white wings of the capital standing miles away on the opposite heights, clear against the blue horizon of Virginia hills. At its base the Potomac curved, a plane of light. Above sprang the dome of a 2 cloudless sky, in which, high overhead, hung just visible the silvery moon, the whole making the one perfect %. Cathedral: God's earth and sky.” . . . . The writer has seen many processions, some far more splendid but never one more impressive. First came all the surpliced choirs of the city; following them the bishops and other clergy, and the laity ; and at the end, the President of the United States attended by the Bishop of , Washington (Henry Y. Satterlee) and the Bishop of Albany. The President himself is a member of another branch of the church, but as he said, in the few words he addressed to the assembly, his presence was to testify his appreciation of the privilege of participating with this ancient Church in this new sowing for the Master and for man. But it was not the pageantry that impressed; it was the deep sincerity and earnestness of all who participated in it.” 2 Opposite the Nourse Homestead is Æriendship, the beautiful country house of Hon. John R. McLean, restored as far as possible to its appearance of a century ago by the old English papers and furniture. There is a certain attraction, a charm about the situation of Red-top or Oak- Piew, the former Summer home of President Cleveland in Cleveland Park, now the residence of Colonel Robert I. Fleming. What an ideal shade those great oak branches have doubtless made for many a cozy tea- PEACE CROSS. 1 From address of Bishop Doane of Albany. 2 From The Peace Cross Book. SS. Peter and Paul, Washington. Published by R. H. Russell, New York. 83 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. table and beneath their grateful shelter you would “sit and loaf and invite your soul, and your best friend too, if he happens to be the right sort of a man.” At the sundown hour not even an artist would be avaricious enough to ask for “more ”; from Cleveland Heights gazing over the bright, fascin- ating city from the Soldiers' Home to the Potomac, one is no longer surprised that the sojourner turns back again and again, and finally seeks for himself a permanent abiding place here. º Henry Ivº PENNSYLVANIA HALL OF ADMINISTRATION, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON. CLEVELAND PARK. “The setting sun and music at its close - As the last taste of sweets is sweetest last.” Toward the Southwest ctretch the rolling hills of the great “Friendship” tract. The white buildings of the American University give a piquancy to the landscape. Under its indefatigable Chancellor, Bishop Hurst, the University has been arranged on a magnificent plan. The College of History is an appropriate piece of architecture, and when the Ohio College of Government, the Pennsylvania Administration Building, and the others endowed by different States grace the quadrangles, the American University will be worth a long journey to see, a thousand miles longer indeed than just over the Loughborough road from Tenallytown. Grass/ands, the old Loughborough estate is the seat of the Country Club. Northeast of the Nourse. place is the Mayor Adlum house with its vineyard. Other estates, founded at the time the effects of the Government were moved in one ship from Philadelphia, are grouped in and around CLEVELAND PARK. It is a lovely walk through the Park from the Tenallytown side at Red Top to Chevy Chase Road and Klingle bridge in the picturesque Rock Creek region at any season of the year. Have you ever seen these woodland paths dressed in a light snow of sparkling whiteness, lying soft on the hedges, moulding trees and shrubs in a thousand fantastic shapes? you believe you have dis- covered a solitude, a Thoreau haunt, when at a turn of the woodland path a charming residence appears on the slight hill-top. In the foliage-time the houses crowning each height are almost hidden. The New Englander feels quite at home in Cleveland Park from its resemblance to the woodland estates in Brookline and Beverly. Among the older houses in the vicinity is Woodley, the Colonel Key House : the old Middleton Place opposite Twin Oaks, the country house of the Hon. Gardiner G. Hubbard, late President of the National Geographical Society. Mr. Hubbard entertained scientists and famous travelers from every clime here at his Washington home. - 85 - “Twin oaks,” THE country House of MRs. GARDINER G. HUBBARD, ON WOODLEY LAN.E. ENTRANCE FROM CLEVELAND PARK. tº E. Lotus Post». I’ictoria Regia Zeazes or ‘‘ Mºaze?--PZafters.” Hºe ight 1.5o Zós. - By ea-zerºzzzezzz za zeaf sizz/es 2,222e2- 236 Zºs. of e-z-zzez. Zzzzz-oczzzcecº #22zo U. S. Zºº -º-º- ºr--- ~~~ *-*----------------- - “TWIN OAKS" AND CHEVY CHASE. . . - “Twin Oaks” is embedded in roses in the Spring. The crimson and white rambler makes one enormous variegated rose of the summer house by the Lotos Pond. Between the floating green tea-trays of the Victoria Regia peep bouquets of red, blue and pink lilies. The rich tropical growth is a deep background for the long, pendant blossoms of the wistaria. Clematis climbs the wall, and when rhododendrons are in bloom “Twin Oaks” wears its most beauteous dress. From the Cleveland Park entrance on Connecticut Avenue extended, one may ride North to Chevy Chase, or South to the Zoo. If you visit the outskirts of the pretty suburb of Chevy Chase in the late Fall, you will recall the ringing ballad of your school-days of bold Erle Percy, whose “Gallant greyhounds swiftly ran, To chase the fallowe deere.” Substitute for the Scottish woods of Chevy-Chace, the woods of Maryland; a fox, for the fallowe deere, and the hunting members of the Chevy, Chase Club for the “fifteen hundred bowmen bold,” and your modern hunt-picture is complete. Chevy Chase is the home of Professor Elmer Gates and Mrs. Theodore Weld Birney, founder of the “Society of the National Congress of Mothers.” - According to common parlance in the national capital “everybody is somebody.” One readily be: lieves it, when one begins to list the well-known names of the denizens of even the smallest suburb of Washington city, to say nothing of mentioning their achievements. Leaving the Car at the District Line at Chevy Chase one may circle the western suburbs in a delight- ful way, by taking a car to Glen Echo and Cabin John Bridge, returning along the Potomac or by a five minutes' walk along the Trolley Southwest, passing Fort Reno, the return may be made to Wash- ington by way of Tenallytown, or one may ride to the old town of Rockville. 87 “LOGIJLIH Oxiv ‘N AAO×1，1 NN31*1*) № - º The National Zoological Park. Every child in Washington loves the Zoo, and eagerly devours every scrap of news about the latest addition from foreign lands to its big, happy family. Rare specimens are sent as gifts every year by Army officers; thus there is always some delightful bird or animal stranger for the children to pelt with goodies, “to see him eat.” It may be a Grizzly Bear, or a delicate, blue- coated Deer from Manila, or some black-faced apes up to all sorts of Phil- ippine and Yankee pranks, or brown crab-eating Raccoons, a present from the officers and crew of the Dolphin' — which quarrel sadly over the peanuts. The children know the exact sheltered spot on Rock Creek where the Swan has built her nest, and drag you to the pond to watch Ducks and Geese give “jolly dives,” and come up between great pink, blue and yellow pond-lilies. To the admiration of his little girl friends the peacock spreads that jewelled train of wondrous geometrical pattern, whose secret Mr. Seton-Thompson has told us all about. * The boys would like to “stump º' one another to chase the Buffalo over his miniature Prairie; he fears not his enemy the fierce Gray Wolf, who is safely wired in, as is also his black cousin, and the red Fox. Some of the children understand the animal languages, and look for the weather-prophet in the Coon Tree, if the Coons are in the top branches, HARPY EAGLE, Captured by the Wilming- ton Expedition. they say “look out for sunshine”; if they huddle low down in the hollow trunk, “pull on your rubber boots.” 1 First Spring Visitors. The Washington Post. March 4, 1900. 2 The National Zoo at Washington, by Ernest Seton-Thompson. The “Century,” April, May, 1900. 80 HALLS OF THE ANCIENTS. Lessons in Natural History were one object which Professor Langley the former Secretary of the Smithsonian had in view, when he proposed that this verdant area of over 200 acres should be reserved for a National Zoo. But its first purpose is to preserve the species of our native animals, some of which are almost extinct. Dr. Frank Baker is promoter-in-chief at the office of the Zoo in the old Holt Homestead by the Adams Mill Road. At present Dr. Baker's study is to surround each captive animal family with an environment which resembles as closely as possible its wild home haunts. - Note. The geological student also finds the Park interesting on account of the soapstone openings wrought by the aborigines; there are great ledges of granite rotted like wood, which are exposed in large surfaces, showing themselves un- touched by the ice-sheet. The most interesting is the Rose Hill quarry at Tenallytown. A Survey Monograph of the U. S. G. S. on the Geology of Washington, D. C., by N. H. Darton. Pottery of the Potomac Tide Region. W. H. Holmes. Bureau of Ethnology. - The Hal/s of the Ancients is at 1312–1318 New York Avenue. Here one finds his studies of ancient history fully illustrated by the old-world architecture and painting of Egypt, Assyria and Rome. One may walk through a Pompeiian House after the style of the Summer home of the Roman Vettius; through the Atrium, Fablinum, Peristylium and as in a dream see the blind Nydia with her flowers, Ione and Glaucus, the whole vivid drama of the Last Days of Pompeii enacted within these garlanded walls. The Persian lecture hall contains a most striking panorama of the City of Rome at the height of her power and splendor, at the moment of the triumphal entry of Constantine the Great, to be re- ceived by the High Priest at the great temple of Jupiter. These reproductions of the life of the ancients in their own domiciles is but a preface to the ulti- mate intention of Mr. Frank W. Smith to found “National Galleries of History and Art” along the Potomac. 90 The White House. There is no house more interesting to Americans than the home of the President. The Executive Mansion is the only building in Washington which stands to-day as in 1800. Large and stately as it appears, the rooms are far too few to meet the increasing demands socially and officially, on its broad unwritten law of hospitality. Jerry, an indispensable factotum of the White House for many years, “’spressed his sentiments” on the rush of social and official affairs. It was on the occasion of some delay to a party waiting to see President McKinley, who was in conference with his Cabinet. “Dere ought to be two Presidents: one to shake hands with de crowd and de oder to 'tend to 'ficial business.” I Whether the President was of the same opinion or not, his visitors received a warm welcome º - The social season at the White House opens with a New Year's reception. The custom of receiving calls on the first day of January was inaugurated by President Washingtón in New York, following the custom of the Dutch and Huguenots. The New Year's reception of 1900 was more brilliant than ever before; the air fairly “shining with gold lace and fixings.” Never has Washington received as many ambassadors of distinction, diplomats holding the highest rank in their own countries; never has she welcomed as residents a greater number of distinguished officers of the Army and Navy; never has she called together so many men of acumen, versed in Political science, to serve the Nation as Commissioners in the interests of her new acquisitions. 1 Adapted from The Lowell Citizen. QI - THE WHITE HOUSE. EAR’s DAY AT Y NEW - º - |-|- ， ！ …….！！！！！！！！ - RY. THE CONSERVATOl THE WHITE HOUSE. The charm of these functions — where many men of many minds meet from all parts of the world with a common interest — was expressed by a Lady of the White House, Mrs. Robert Tyler, when writing to a friend : “I know you will think I ought to give my impressions of these intellectual giants, instead of talking dresses and bonnets, but when you meet them in real life, you forget they are great men at all, and just find them the most charming companions in the world, talking the most delightful nonsense.” - The New Year's reception is succeeded by four formal receptions, the first three are card receptions and held respectively in honor of the Diplomatic Corps, the Judiciary and Congress, and the officers of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps; and a general reception for the public. On these occasions the guests pass through the celebrated East Room, decorated with the feathery green wealth of the Botanical Garden, through the central corridor to the Red Room, adjoining the State Dining Room; each guest is announced and received by the President and the Lady of the White House in the charming Blue Room. Here took place the wedding ceremony of President and Mrs. Cleveland. - A favorite after-dinner story of an old Washingtonian concerns an enormous cheese sent to President Jackson by a New England admirer; it was impossibly huge for the family, so he placed it with true Jeffersonian simplicity in the vestibule, where everyone who entered might carry away a slice. - - A pretty scene on the White House lawn is the Children's festival of Easter Egg-Rolling. On the day when the Marine Band plays there is a picturesque procession of smart equipages, automobiles, Note. —Visitors are shown the State Rooms between ten and three o'clock. The days when visitors are received by the President and his wife vary each season. The White House rules may be consulted at the entrance. A detailed description of the White House and of the official etiquette is available in the Rand McNally Guide. An interesting book on the White House is Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton’s “Our Early Presidents, their Wives and Children.” 93 PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON AND DOLLY MADISON. traps, filled with enchanting summer toilettes on this favorite promenade around the “White House Lot.” The fascinating memory of Dolly Madison still clings to the White House and to all the houses in which she lived. No woman of the Washington of long ago continues to be loved in this generation as does Mrs. Madison. She must have possessed in the highest degree a sweet magnetism — or, as the French say — charm. A Even in her childhood, Dolly never forgot the little amenities of life. The stories most often told and retold of her, are not of her presence of mind on the day of the burning of the White House," or of her grand levees there and at the hospitable Octagon House where she wore those wonderful tur- bans with nodding plumes, but one hears of the merry times she planned for the young belles and beaux when living on Lafayette Square; of the thousand and one little kindnesses - showered by “Miss Dolly.” on her household and acquaintance. Precious letters in her handwriting kept carefully all these Portraits of President James Madison and /20/4. Madison reproduced /rom the originals in Zemciſ, drawn /rom Zife. By courtesy of a grand-niece of Mr. Madison. There are yet traces to be seen of the burning of the White House on the base-board of the south window in the East Room. 1 The British had planned to capture President and Mrs. Madison and send them prisoners to England. It is said that 94 FASCINATING WASHINGTON. years, are drawn from perfumed corners of lacquered jewel boxes. Tiny notes are these, thoughts pencilled to smooth a friend’s path, or the line of sunshine, which always accompanied her smallest gift, even to a child. - One of Mrs. Madison's best-loved friends was Mrs. Forrest, her opposite neighbor in F Street; Mr. Madison was then Secretary of State in Jefferson's Cabinet; and John Quincy Adams, living next door, was in the Senate. The following lines from a note of congratulation dated Sept. 26, 1807, to Mrs. Forrest 1 on the birth of a daughter were accompanied by a quaint little poem, she writes: “May the horoscope of your daughter be the most happy — may the bright aspect of her destiny be cronicled in unerring lines— adieu, kiss the Parent and child for one who sighs to see them . . . we expect to start for Montpelier,” etc.” - ‘‘’Twere /air to thee / send With many pious wishes for thy House The offering humable of a tender friend, From Husband, children to the little Mouse.” The corners of 14th and F Streets were inhabited even before Lafayette Square. When John Quincy Adams built a house for himself and one for his daughter (now the “Adams Building”) the dwellings were few and scattered in Washington. F Street was composed of private residences even President Madison and Mr. Monroe escaped by riding directly through the Hall of the house 2018. I Street out of the back door toward the present Kahorama Heights; and later crossed the Potomac. The house is now the residence of Professor Cleveland Abbé the meteorologist, widely celebrated among foreign scientists. I By courtesy of Mrs. Kate Kearney Henry, a daughter of the “daughter” of Mrs. Madison's poem. 2 Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia. The Madison Estate. - Note. The Senate and the House of Representatives paid Mrs. Madison the exceptional compliment of offering her a seat on the floor of the Hali whenever she wished. - - º * ſa nº 10 （1 v.， n.103：LIHO， i v:Zºzzº; S， 7-zºqo y ae? ?/?zo-zōozoſ/aſ | CIN v Hºſ Lav. HO NO.L.:) NI HSV AA + HJ. ‘s-LO3）LI HOH v go ziln, LI LsŃ I N voi și a 1， v Ho ！ INoH AON ‘In Nº. A v xixio x AA. IN CIN v Lºſ arī Ls H.Lşi ‘664 i ºsno H Noſov-Loo 's ITAAOH – „ºtcov， 4% p.ao/ prav «auton， yn/№nvºq /O Mezza vº Švø pºpzzº//s v oz.vs ſoziae payõõ7 7 ,, F STREET, 1800–1865. in General Grant's day, when he prophesied that F. Street would become the business centre of Washington." - - - On one of the aforesaid historic corners was the John Kearney house (now occupied by “Willard's Hotel,” built by the Tayloes). A son married the daughter of Richard Forrest,” whose house (1798) stood on the “Ebbitt House corner.” Mr. Forrest was Postmaster of Georgetown, appointed by President Washington. The story goes that President Madison invited Mr. Forrest to meet John Jacob Astor “over the dinner-plates’’ of a mag- nificent new set of China presented by Mr. Astor. Mr. Forrest expressed so great an admiration for the set (everything in fours even to the gravy tureens) that Mr. Astor duplicated it for him, but neglected to send in the bill as Mr. Forrest re- quested. Mrs. Cutts, the sister of Mrs. Madison, expressed her admiration of the beautiful dinner-set, whereupon Madison gallantly offered her a duplicate. Thus Mr. Madison at last had to pay for his china. Among those who lived in the Adams houses in later years were Dr. William Thornton, architect of the Capitol,” and Dr. Willard D. Bliss, organizer of the Armory Square Hospital, so invaluable in the “60’s.” Here Lincoln 4 visited the soldiers almost daily, even remembering to order flower seeds from the Agricultural Department, that each one of the long barracks might have its own flower bed. After the burning of the White House the Madisons occupied the Octagon House, built by their 1. At that date the Dr. Thomas Miller House was on the site of the Everett Art store. 2 Richard Forrest was a nephew of Gen. Uriah Forrest (see Tenallytown). The Forrests came from Jamestown, being descendants of Thomas and Lady Forrest who was the first gentlewoman to land in America (1608), otherwise our first Colonial Dame. It is a curious genealogical coincidence that the great-great-grandson of Richard Forrest, Thomas Jefferson Mason, through the Randolph connection, may claim three ancestors among the portraits in the painting of the Baptism of Pocahontas which hangs in the Capitol Rotunda: John Rolfe, Pocahontas, and Thomas Forrest. 3 Sketch of Dr. William Thornton, Architect, by Glenn Brown. The Architectural Record, July, 1896. 4 “Lincoln and the Soldiers,” from Miss Tarbell's Life of Abraham Lincoln. - 97 THE CORCORAN ART GALLERY. friend Col. Tayloe of Mt. Airy, Virginia. His father, John Tayloe, was a member of the House of Burgesses. In this circular house, in the circular room on a circular table, the Treaty of Ghent was signed by Mr. Madison. The Tayloes had a large retinue of servants and entertained magnificently. One longs to pry into the mystery of these secret doors and of the strange ringing of bells at all hours of the day and night, which so frightened the superstitious darkies that the family were obliged to abandon the house for a time. Recently at a Colonial reception of the Washington Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Washington Architectural Club, the Mansion was rejuvenated; once again Mistress This and Sir That looked down from their gilded frames on the familiar harpsichord and mahogany comfortably hob-nobbing with the hand-carved mantels of the Tayloes’ day. WHAT TO SEE. On the early maps by the old shore line of the Potomac river South of Corcoran Art Gallery 17th the Naval Observatory (the present Naval Hospital of Hygiene) is Brad. Street and New York Ave, dock's Rock nigh the “Quay of all Quays” or “Key of all Keys.” At the Herdic, 15th and H Streets, time of the expedition against Fort Duquesne it is said that General Brad. South. Open October to - - - - May, 3.35 to 4 May to dock landed a large body of troops on this Rock, which is to be marked October 9 to 4. Sundays l - - - I.30 to ..? Kºi..."... by the Society of Colonial Dames. - - - - except Mondays, Wednes- - The handsome Art Gallery opposite the Executive Grounds is a lasting days and Fridays. - - ---- memorial to the beneficent thought of one man for posterity, William W. Corcoran. The columns of the interior are beautiful. Of late years the CORCORAN GALLERY has lent itself as an artistic setting for several magnificent receptions, those of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution 1 and the Pan-Presbyterian Council. The largest bequest 1 The hospitable suite of rooms of the National Society D. A. R. is at the corner of F and Ninth Streets in the Loan and Trust Building. Eventually the D. A. R. will build a Continental Memorial Hall. First on the membership roll is Miss Eugenia Washington. 98 THE VAN NESS MANSION. is the Tayloe Collection of marbles, bronzes, furniture and portraits which once filled the lovely old house of the diplomat Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (1827), at 21 Madison Place. It was the Washington home of the late Vice-President. Hobart. Mr. Corcoran also founded the Louise Home in memory of his wife, Miss Louise Morris, and his daughter Louise, who married Hon. George Custis of Louisiana. The building, which covers the square between 15th and 16th Streets on Massachusetts Avenue, is the home of gentlewomen who have met with reverses; many of them are of the “Tide-water families” of the Southern States. Mr. Corcoran formed a partnership with George W. Riggs and established a bank on the historic site of the U. S. Bank, as the firm of Riggs & Corcoran. South of the Corcoran Gallery, on the Y. M. C. A. Athletic Grounds, lived the canny Davy Burns who refused at first to part with his land even when asked by President Washington. His beautiful daughter Marcia, the light of “Crusty Davie's" eyes, married General Van Ness; he built close by the Burns Cottage, the “grandest mansion in the country.” Its fast decaying beauty was the design of Latrobe. 'Tis said that the assassinators of President Lincoln had intended to capture him alive and conceal him in the wine vaults of this house. Mrs. Van Ness's charities were many; she is the one woman who has been honored by a public funeral in Washington. Mrs. Van Ness was the founder of the Washington City Orphan Asylum (at the corner of 14th and S Streets), the oldest institution of the kind in the country. Mrs. Madison was its first Directress, followed by Mrs. Van Ness, Mrs. Hawley, wife of the Rector of St. John's, and Mrs. Cox. The Directress for the past fifty years, Mrs. Admiral S. P. Lee, resides in one of the his- toric Blair Houses, now the residence of Blair Lee, Esq. The present Woodbury Blair House (1651. Pennsylvania Avenue) was built by Dr. Joseph Lovell in 1810. It is known as the home of Mont- - 1 Admiral Lee, a Virginian, supported the Union, commanding the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and Mississippi Squadron, was a grandson of Richard Henry Lee the mover of the Declaration of Independence. º - - - - 99 - * * , º - ^ - - THE BLAIR HOUSE. gomery Blair and his father, Francis Preston Blair, Sr., of the Globe, who entertained the distinguished men of his day, many of whom resided about Lafayette Square and went hunting in the woods of Connecticut Avenue. Mrs. Lee recounts how her mother Mrs. Blair, after a visit to the rose-garden before breakfast, would often have a score of witty sayings to relate, flung out by Daniel Webster over the back fence, for Mr. Webster was an early riser. One of them was : “If you get up early in the morning your case will take you by the shoulders.” A remark of his to Colonel King of Alabama was: “ King, I don’t know why I am not popular at the South, I have all their vices.” The Blair House was rented at different times to George Bancroft and John Y. Mason when Sec. retaries of the Navy, also to Thomas Ewing, Secretary of the Interior. On May first, 1850, Miss Boyle Ewing was married to General William T. Sherman; who writes to his brother the Honorable John Sherman, “the preparations for my wedding are complete, and will come off at the appointed time with much pomp l’l From these houses many guests witnessed the review of Grant's and Sherman’s armies by President Johnson before the White House. These splendid men passed for three days in platoons reaching nearly across the Avenue, the marching hosts varied by company dogs, cats and occasionally a decorated cow. Sir Frederick Bruce on this occasion said to John Van Buren (who, by the way, was a noted wit and was jocosely introduced to the Prince of Wales as “Prince” John of America, on his visit to England, when his father was President), “If I were to write a description of the physique and veteran bearing of this grand army, I shall be lampooned in Europe as a Munchausen.” Sir Frederick could say things very pleasant to American ears; but he plainly expected brigandage and said our soldiers would not disband peaceably. Even Englishmen misunderstand government by and for the people. The “Dolly Madison House” (1825), the home of Mrs. Madison's later years, corner of H Street and Madison Place, is to-day the Cosmos Club, a unique organization, whose latch string is always down to the World’s representatives in Science. One may happen upon a group including Elihu Vedder, Lawrence Hutton, Thomas Nelson Page, Stephen Crane, Charles D. Walcott, Major Powell. . 3. 1 The Sherman Letters, edited by Rachel Sherman Thorndike. Charles Scribner's Sons. IOO H STREET. We are indebted for many early pictures of life about Lafayette Square to Mrs. Mary J. Lockwood’s “Historic Houses in Washington.” On no house in the square fell as many deep shadows, and high lights of wit and wisdom, as the old Seward House where James G. Blaine spent his last days (on its site stands the Lafayette Opera House). As the most fashionable of fashionable boarding-houses it fairly scintillated with the Table-talk of Henry Clay, John Adams and Calhoun. Under the régime of the old Washington Club occurred the tragedy of the shooting of Key by General Sickles. In Lincoln's adminis- tration Secretary Seward just escaped being a victim to the plot against the Cabinet, and for many months afterwards a sentry patrolled this side of the Square. - A littte Northeast of Lafayette Square on H Street is the Charles Sumner House, now the South front of “the Arlington.” Next door lived Sir Bulwer Lytton, and his son “Owen Meredith’’ is said to have written Lucile here, while acting as Secre- tary to Lord Lytton. The North wing of the Arlington is on the site of the house of Reverdy Johnson, Attorney General under President Taylor; it was the scene of many fashionable assemblies, which opened with the stately minuet de la cour. and closed with the rollicking country dances “Sir Roger de Coverly” and “Money Musk.” In Perley's Reminiscences (page 13) is a picture of the dancers of that era in quaint ball-room array. At H and 15th is historic St. Matthews. º Nearly opposite is the handsome doorway of “Schools of Law and Diplomacy,” a part of Columbian Onizersity, an early landmark “in the progress of culture and history of education at the capital.”! Not only is the University a power among her students, but a boon to Washington, as she opens her doors to the public in special courses under the auspices of the National Geographical Society and the Washington Academy of Sciences and others. Two of the special advantages offered are the Graduate School” and Corcoran Scientific School. Its “Officers of Instruction and Government ’’ are Justices of the Supreme Court and special investi- gators connected with the Smithsonian, the Naval Observatory and the “seven chemical centres” of Washington. General Lafayette was present at its first Commencement. On the West side of Lafayette Square at H Street is the celebrated Decatur House (1815) now 1 Address of Major J. W. Powell at the Inauguration of the Corcoran Scientific School. 2 See The Development and Functions of the Graduate School, by Charles E. Munroe, Dean of the School of Graduate Studies of the Columbian University. - FARRAGUT SQUARE. the home of Mrs. Beale, wife of Gen. E. F. Beale. Miss Cora Livingston made this house the centre of gayety in Jackson's administration." At 1623 H Street was the house of George Bancroft. --- - This ardently patriotic man was not alone the writer of the most important history of the United States by a single author, but he established the Naval Academy at Annapolis, when Secretary of the Navy, and was minister to England and Prussia. He was the friend of Goethe, Byron, Humboldt, Guizot, Lamartine and other geniuses of the old world. As the car turns the corner into Seventeenth Street you pass the famous Metropolitan C/ub. On the South side of H Street, West, is the interesting mansion of Admiral Porter, now decorated with the emblem of the French Embassy. At 1710 I Street, is 7%e Washington C/u/, a ladies' club de- voted to literature. On the Southeast corner of Farragut Square is the Army and AWazy C/u/). The Statue of Admiral Farragut was the work of Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie, one of our few women sculptors. It was a gala day, when the Statue of Farragut was unveiled. Never had such a proces- sion of men of the Navy been seen at the Capitol. At a signal — the Admiral’s salute of seventeen guns—the marines, who had served with Farragut at Mobile, hauled on the - ropes and their adored Commander stood before them as if on the deck of the Hartford, STATUE OF ADMIRAL immortalized in bronze. - FARRAgu’r. At 808 Seventeenth Street is at the Art Students' League, one of the I”fe Reamz Hoºvie, Scºt/##. - - - - - - - most interesting associations in Washington, somewhat after the plan of Julian Academy. The President is Thomas Nelson Page. On the Advisory Board are Professor Adler and Dr. Burnett, whose residence is just North No. 916. Dr. Burnett, a dilettante, has an inter- national reputation as a writer on Scientific Optics. 1. At a recent ceremonious reception in Washington the colored butler solemnly announced “The Chinese Litigation.” IO2 - TREASURES IN was HINGTON. The Gridiron Club is a club of two inflexible rules, most excellent rules for the government of good dining: reporters are never present and ladies are always supposed to be present. Under the silver gridiron, no course departs before soupçon of wit is added; and the crowning luxury of an inimitable after-dinner speech always goes without saying. It is said that at a Gridiron dinner the Honorable Chauncey M. Depew made the “Speech of his life.” Its first President was Ben Perley Poore, Nestor of the Press, and to-day General H. V. Boynton. The first house built on Connecticut Avenue was the British Embassy at N Street; as the home of the distinguished Ambassador Lord Pauncefote it has seen many brilliant assemblages. A strikingly beautiful structure is the Church of the Covenant. This charming promenade ends at Dupont Circle, a pretty picture all the year round filled with children at play. Across Dupont Circle is the L. Z. Leiter House and “Stewart Castle,” now the property of Mr. Clark of Montana. - A block from Dupont Circle on P Street is the house built by Blaine. On Massachusetts Avenue close by is the house B. H. Warner the Banker, President of the Library Trustees. Also the charming home of Mrs. General Grant and her daughter, Mrs. Nellie Sartoris. Royal storied tapestries of the old world, from the princely palaces of Rome, compose the hangings of the audience room of the Ffoulke House. Once among the passionately loved art-treasures of the Cardinal Barberini, they adorned the Barberini palace near the Quirinal. You almost hear the buzzing of the Barberini bees of their powerful escutcheon ; around the pictured history of Dido and AEneas. It is interesting to compare these tapestries, – product of the most artistic industry of the Middle Ages – with the one superb Gobelin of Mr. Ffoulke's collection, designed in Paris. Numerous other treasures in portraits and offſets d'art ornament the homes of Washington. The Woodbury Blair House has inherited the portraits of Mistress Judith Carey, Dorothy Q. and John Hancock. Heirlooms in silver “RICHARDSON ?? Doorway, HOUSE OF MRS. B. H. wa RNER. I515 K. 1 For many other well-known houses on the Avenues and G, I, and K Streets see the Rand McNally Guide. IO3 |- H !！!! º !， |- un |- O O ır. |- £ C_) Z !！! C ---- un !！! 24 :：: tud ---- |- z Ř |- E È £ € $ $ § § > -} # № - ğ º o S Ē „S - .3 ~ V 272e - MCLEAN HOUSE inal of “ E JOHN R. Origi DRAWING-ROOM OF THE HON. CONNECTICUT AVENUE. of the Jamestown Colonists; portraits by Sully, Wood and a Benjamin West of Sir Richard Lake— have come down to Mrs. Kate Kearney Henry. Mrs. Logan's memorial room is filled with interesting tributes paid to the valor of Maj. Gen. John A. Logan. Perhaps the only patriotic collection of purely American China is owned by Dr Marcus Benjamin 1 of the Smithsonian and historian of the District of Columbia Society, S. A. R. A rare Library with foreign bibliothèque is that of Mrs. Violet Blair Janin; she has inherited the gift of an ancestor who spoke seventeen languages, – the distingished General Thomas S. Jesup of Virginia. From Dupont Circle, riding along Connecticut Avenue extended and Columbia Road toward the Zoo, a thousand attractive new homes meet the eye. At 18th Street and Columbia Road is the house of Colonel George Truesdell. Conspicuous on the Heights is the old and extensive estate of Oak- Lawn,” the home of Mrs. E. C. Dean. Of yore it went by the name of the “Widow's Mite,” and thereby hangs an Indian legend. º Before the Red Men had been driven toward the great water at the West, the mighty chief Mannacasset took captive a white woman and her child, and forbade her “to wander beyond the shade of this oak, which overspreads the hut” on pain of death. About the time that the City of Washington was in embryo the Chief went to his happy hunting ground and Mrs. Noyes built a house under her prison tree. The little daughter Gwawa (“hope”) married her captive playmate, called by the Indians Tschagarag—(“Skyiness”) — from his blue eyes and fair skin, –and they dwelt happily on this estate named by Gwawa the “Widow’s Mite,” still so called in the deeds. On California Avenue is the house of the author, Ella Lorraine Dorsey. She belongs to a race of Maryland Revolutionary patriots and was a Charter member of the “Literary Society” of Washington, whose first President was Garfield. A group of Washington writers of poems are: Ednah Proctor Hayes, John Hay, Richard Hovey, 1 Dr. Benjamin is Chairman of this Section of the celebrated American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2 These commanding Heights are commented upon as a favorable spot for a new home for the President. IO5 THE GARFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. Helen Hay, Alice Sewall James and Mrs. Mary B. Chapman Hanborough. A unique book of recent date is that on Indian songs by Alice Fletcher. Still others among the familiar literati are Mollie Elliot Sewell, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Mary Imlay Taylor, Anna Vernon Dorsey, Jeanie Gould Lincoln and Julia Schayer. Also many brilliant pens flourish with reason in the Halls of the Scientific Bureaus of the Capital. No more beautiful monument stands in Washington than the Garfield Memorial Hospital, erected by the people in memory of President Garfield. The Victoria Memorial Room is in honor of the Queen's Jubilee, and the elevator was a gift of Sol Smith Russell. From the sun gallery is a superb view of the city. - - There are 200 churches in Washington, including 85 founded by the colored people. The oldest is Christ Church or Washington Parish, organized 1795. The Parish burying-ground is also the Congressional Cemetery. - The Smithsonian Institution. - “For the increase and diffusion of knowledge among mem.”— JAMEs SMITHSON. The sight-seer searching for the curious, usually enters the Halls of the Smithsonian, the National Museum, the Agricultural Department and the Fish Commission with a meagre conception of what enormous scientific research these rare collections signify. The Smithsonian has 30,000 collaborators, . who are collecting and annotating every sort of object in natural history; above all they delve deepest in the fascinating study of mankind—man. - - In the National Museum the Indian customs are minutely illustrated. The pride of the American Ethnologist is the unequalled collection of pottery and basketry. The symbols on the plaited baskets of the Cherokees, Apaches and Alaskans could be translated for you by a Professor who accompanied the Northwest expedition, and devoted himself to the study of these crude bird-like figures. There is the yellow coiled Mercalero basket, the Moki dolls; the most elaborate are the California sun-baskets, an art already vanished with the vanishing tribes. In Oregon, where they do not understand pottery making, they cook in the baskets by placing in Ioé THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. them hot stones. Of the Indians in this region an early voyager remarks, that the “tattoo marks upon the forehead, cheeks, chynne, armes and leggs’’ of the “chief ladyes” of the Chesapeake are identical with the figures upon the the pottery found in the shell-heaps. Many of the Indian chiefs, as Chief Oshkosh and Chief Keokuck of Iowa of the Sac and Fox tribe come as delegates to have a sort of pow-wow at Washington over their rights as did their fathers in the earliest days of treaties. The irony of trusts has even dawned upon the red man's soul. A delega- tion came to petition Congress to set the matter right. The same old story as the world jogs on : Big Injun eat up little Injun. To quote Fiske : “It takes men a weary while to learn the wickedness of anything that puts gold into their purses.” At the Ethnological Bureau on F Street each Chief is asked to sit for his portrait; the differences in tribal physiognomy are so marked, that the photographer recognizes the Iroquois or Sioux at a glance. Professor McGee the anthropologist compares the wide natural differences between the white and the red race, not always to the advantage of the “pale-face ’’ of Cooper's Tales, by the peculiar grasp of the aborigine, as he picks up a large, rude knife from his desk. The Indian in his way is often more devout than those sent to convert him. He never eats a meal without a recognition of the Supernatural by making some actual sacrifice; he smokes always as a prayer, not as a pastime. It is a great shock to him to have his child’s hair shorn, a heartless sacrilege. The pretty fanciful song of the Indian child while chasing fire- flies, translated is : - FZitting white fºreſ?ies— Give me a light to go to bed— Mozying white fire-bug — Give me a light to go to sleep. The antiquarian devoted to “Life in Colonial Times” must envy the collection in the National Museum : The tent and camp-chest of Washington and the candlestick used when writing his Fare- well Address, the most valuable Personal document that the Nation possesses. Colonial Maryland is represented by a box from the Council Mulberry Tree (1634), loaned by Cardinal Gibbons, A particularly interesting cabinet is that devoted to Professor Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian. His invention the Electro-Magnetic AAAaratus was at first considered a philosophical toy. He received the Royal Nor- Io7 THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. wegian Order of St. Olaf from the King of Sweden and Norway. Joseph Henry’s First Scientific Book is inscribed on the fly-leaf, “although by no means a profound book — caused me to resolve to devote my life to the acquisition of knowledge.” The collection of musical instruments, many of which are now obsolete, covers an immense field from my lady's lute and flageolet to the rude wind instruments 1 of the Bella Bella Indians. “I know of no Azerszeit in which more real and important service can be rezzdered to any country than by improving its Agriculture.” LETTER FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO SIR John SINCLAIR. One of the achievements of the Experimental Gardens of Agriculture is that of introducing into California the seedless orange, the most delicious known. Imported from Bahia by Superintendent William Saunders, the original tree stands in the orange-house and bears great yellow globes of fruit. The Mall is a sort of “pastoral paradise,” where in winter the birds seek shelter. John Burroughs heard the song of the fox-sparrrow in February, “a strong, richly modulated whistle, the finest sparrow note I ever heard.” Mr. Burroughs' chapter on Spring at the Capital in Wake Robin is almost the only vivid out-door pastel we have of the birds and flowers in the fields of Washington. Dr. J. Elliot Coues said that “more was accomplished in doors than out ’’ at the Smithsonian. You would quite believe him if you could peep into the laboratory of Dr. C. Hart Merriam and find his desk strewn with tiny shrews from Alaska, or 13oo hawks picked up in Maryland, whose stomachs are to be examined to find out whether they prefer a diet of chickens and quails, or grasshoppers 2 ; that is, whether they are a blessing to the farmer or otherwise. A most important feature of these Departments of Forestry, Botany, Entomology, etc., are the maps showing the geographic dis- tribution of animals and plants and the croſſ belts, sometimes composite photographs are made of the maps. NoTE. Dr. Merriam in his travels, discovered a little Idaho rabbit not allied like those of Central Wyoming with the Cotton-tails, but of a type found nowhere else in the world. 1 The British Columbia specimens have been named by Professor Mason “the inverted double reed.” See An Inverted Double Reed, by E. H. Hawley of the U. S. National Museum. The Metronome, December, 1899. 2 Some Common Birds in their Relation to Agriculture, by F. E. L. Beal, Assistant Ornithologist. B. S. Farmers Bulletin. -- Io8 APPOMATTox, DESIGNED BY JNo. A. ELDER. G. BUBERL, SCULPTOR, 1888, ALExANDRIA, va. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The Geological Survey is all things to all men geologically speaking. A paragraph from a London journal defines what our government is doing in science at home and abroad. “Henry White, Secretary of the United States Embassy, attended the annual meeting of the Royal Geological Society to-day to receive, in behalf of Mr. Grove K. Gilbert, geologist of the United States Geological Survey, the Wollaston medal, annually awarded for the most important geological discoveries. This is the third time the honor has gone to the United States.” 1900. The annual Report to the Secretary of the In- terior, by the Director of the Survey, Charles D. Walcott – also President of the Washington Acad. emy of Sciences – is a most delightful series of Scientific Journeys to follow around the world, on paper: The Shaler Aarºy in the fields of Massachusetts, the Hºf Żarty among the underground workings of zinc mines in New Jersey. The White Aarty among the fossil plants of the AP- palachian region; the Hayes Aarty in Nicaragua and Costa Rica; with the Clark Aarzy Dr. G. B. Shattuck “ obtained im- portant results on the Maryland Neocene formations.” And the varied adventures of Dr. George F. Becker while investi- gating the Mineral resources of the Philºnes. Io9 - THE MAJOR JOHN CARLYLE HOUSE, ALEXANDRIA, VA. “And in thy empty rooms no sound is heard, Saze only when upon the echoing 7700rs Last Autumn's drifted leaves are ſaintly stirred.” - - - - º “The Žick’ring sunshine softly comes and goes, Azad gainst the broken Aſaster of the wal/ Is blown the shadow of a climbing rose.” - — THE OLD GARDEN. - --- Alexandria. After the train for Alexandria passes the Department of Agriculture and Bureau of Engraving and Printing, you leave the modern world behind as you enter old South Washington. Here and there is a Southern silhouette framed against a settler's door-way, or a market-woman with a basket of persimmons poised picturesquely on a scarlet turban above a purple gown. Doubtless some of the Boys in Blue from New England, as they marched on to Long Bridge and looked up at beautiful Arlington Mansion shared your feeling of a living-dream in these old, new scenes. On the left of Zong Bridge, Fort A’unyon stands guard: At Arlington Junction the low hills reveal some of the finest brick deposit known. Braddock's Heights was a sort of debatable ground during the Civil War, as Alexandria was on the border. Few towns in this country have touched four wars. -- - Upon leaving Washington for old Virginia you have conjured up delightful visions of Mt. Vernon, and were a trifle curious about Alexandria, of which you know comparatively little. So, you are happily surprised on sauntering about this strangely interesting town, to note the Southern air and foreign flavor of the Liverpool warehouses and mansions set close to the pave- ments. How very odd are these aged cobblestones, which meander up and down like the waves of a gray sea Leaving the car on King Street at Washington Street you find an inspiration in stone, hardly surpassed in this century. The brave soldier stands with bared head on the spot which his comrades left to take the train just down yonder street for Manassas Junction. The houses about Princess, Duke and St. Asaph Streets, of the Herberts, Muirs, Flemings, Dangerfields are enticing in their quaintness. On the Southwest corner of the latter is the Lowrason or Smoot House, where Lafayette was quartered with his suite, when so royally entertained in Alexandria. An account of his reception and the toasts may be found in the history of the Alexandria Washington Lodge No. 22, 1783–1876 by F. L. Brockett. º This Lodge of which Washington was “Worshipful Master,” has famous relics now seen only through the courtesy of a member, because of unfortunate vandalism. - Returning to King Street at Pitt, is the Marshall House corner where a tragedy was enacted, when Ellsworth, the brilliant young Colonel of the New York Zouaves, lost his life after lowering the Confederate flag. At Fairfax Street is the Mansion House of Colonel William Ramsey a founder of Belhaven, who owned the square as far as the mansion known as Braddock's Headquarters. Passing with the guide through its damp court-yard, which certainly seems a thousand miles from the Capital, you find an empty house with sepulchral wine-vaults and unkempt garden : under the key-stone, 1730, one reads the unwritten motto of the King’s signet ring, “Even this shall pass away.” But let us go back more than a century: III “ Dozov, Zhe dark San Domingo mahogany staircase Ariºs Sally Fairfar, the little country maid of Tow/ston.” ALEXANDRIA. On the occasion of one of the celebrated “Birth- Night Balls” of Alexandria, instituted in honor of Washington, he was a guest at the mansion of Major Carlyle, whose beautiful grounds sloped to the Potomac, which then came up to the present Water Street; Madame Carlyle could walk down the terraced garden and step into her barge to be rowed by her servants to Mt. Eagle, Mt. Vernon, Belvoir, Gunston Hall, or Georgetown. After one of the bountiful Southern dinners, the ladies in richest brocade, French heels, and jewels sat in the withdrawing room sipping a demi-tasse sugared with gossip, as they awaited the announcement of the coach, which would shake them over the “Hessians,” 1 (cobblestones) to Claggett’s Tavern with its Ball-Room ornamented by a hanging Musicians' Gallery,” most charmingly carved. Down the dark San Domingo mahogany stair- case trips Sally Fairfax, the little country maid of Towlston, in demure excitement over going to her 1 The great cobblestones in Alexandria’s Streets were laid by the Hessian prisoners under Washington’s direction. Not E. – In Alexandria the Colonial Doorways of the Georgian Period are most interesting types of architecture. II 2 ALEXANDRIA. first ball,” under the wing of “Aunt Carlyle”;1 General Washington just leaving the dining-room, begs the honor of assisting her to practice her steps and presents her with a fan as if she were the stately dame with whom he should open some grand levee.2 A pretty cousin, with nodding feathers in her rolled and powdered hair, strikes the first chord on the spinet; Sally, her eyes dancing with happiness, sweeps a low curtsey as Washington offers her his hand to lead her through the minuet. In the room opposite forty-three years previous General Braddock held Council of War with the Five Provincial Governors: Shirley, Delancey, Morris, Sharpe and Dinwiddie. Passing through Cameron Street by the Lord Fairfax House (illust.) to Washington Street, walking North one may see several residences of the celebrated Lees and Fitzhughs (the Fitzhugh grant is Ravensworth, Fairfax County). A handsome colonial front marks the residence of A. D. Brockett, esq., hiding the century-old walled-in garden of the Robert Brockett House. The History of Christ Church is long. The Rev. Wm. Meade, afterwards Bishop of Virginia, was its Rector. In 1776 Susannah Edwards, Sexton, ushered people into their pews in “stately manner.” Beyond the Lloyd house:(illust.) is the famous Ben Hallowell School where was educated Gen. Robert E. Lee, afterwards President of Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. Light-Horse Harry spent part of his boyhood here: his mother was Lucy Grymes the “Lowland Beauty” mentioned so often in Washington’s youthful letters. The grave of the Female Stranger is in St. Paul's churchyard, the mystery of her advent, a romantic tale, may be found in a pamphlet on Alexandria. Leaving Alexandria the Fair/ar Episcopal Seminary is westward. Here Bishop Brooks studied. Crossing the old Oxen Road near the earthworks of Fort Lyon is Mount Eagle. Across the Potomac is Fort Foote. Just beyond Wel- 1 Belhaven Tales, by Constance Cary Harrison. 2 The fan presented by General Washington to Miss Dorsey (Mrs. James Maccubin), with whom he opened the Annapolis. Ball, is now in the possession of Miss Ella Lorraine Dorsey of Washington City. Sally Fairfax was the daughter of the Rev. Bryan Fairfax of Towlston Hall, Mount Eagle, on Hunting Creek, a brother-in-law of Lawrence Washington. II3 ·yº// ºpv/g/, y ‘gyº.za/s “Ay · S 47 ºſºv-4.5ozoſ/…/ v atto-ºſ **Osci NIA · \\ ** *s*IIN HO ZHONGICI ISH H* NOSIŁYHVH * VIRIGIN VXGITIV ‘Lºſ A}{Ls NO?!? I INIVO ， A^{\ 0 GION V LSNOO HO CHINOH GHINIJL?HIN XV HYLIV. H. SVINOHJ, CIHOT HO & ISIQOH NAMOJL ， ， .|- ， ，， ， |- OS GIHJ, FROM ALEXANDRIA TO MOUNT VERNON. lington Station is the old Wellington House, 1768, the home of Colonel Tobias Lear, Washington's private Secretary. This is within the bounds of the old Mt. Vernon Estate. - From Arcturus Station a path leads to Andalusia on the Potomac the house of W. H. Snowden, 1 from which is a superb vista of the Capitol. At Broad Creek is the Church of St. John's, the old parish of Piscataway, the first church on the banks of the Potomac, built of logs, 1694. At Fort Washington high above the mouth of the Piscata- way, landed Leonard Cal- vert (1634), but finding Indians too numerous, sailed for St. Marie's. The Forts Washingzozz and Sheridazz opposite are most important de- fenses of the capital from sea-attack. Cross in g Little Hunting Creek one enters the Mansion House Farm of Mt. Vernon. - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - philip T. YEATMAN. To CUBA. LLoyd HoMESTEAD, North was HINGTON ST., RESIDENCE MRS. 1 Author of Some Old SOMETIME HOME OF GEN. FITZ-HUGH LEE, CONSUL Historic Landmark f - - V. and \;..." Photograft &y S. A. Szeretz, Philade/A/ºia. I 15 Mount Vernon. “Z have &ecome a Arizºate citizen on the banks of the Potomac, and, under ſhe shadow of my own zine and/ºg-tree free from the bustle of the cam/ . . . I am solacing ”yseſ/ with those tranquil enjoy- ments of which the soldier who is ever in Azerszeit of /ame, the statesman . . . and the cowry;e, cazz haze wery Zittle conce/tion. ExTRACT FROM WASHINGTON's LETTER. To LAFAYETTE, 1784. There is an indefinable charm about the home of Washington, situated upon this airy height, a certain mellow tone to the landscape, a pensive, reminiscent feeling in the very air. Seldom, except on an English manorial estate, may you turn at once from a scene of beauty—of noble river, hill and dale, of woods where roamed the deer and lurked the fox, from a grand hunting ground of the Cavalier, to a place of deep historical interest. The fox- hunting Baron of Cameron, Lord Thomas Fairfax, and the boy Wash- ington — became warm friends riding behind the hounds, when my Lord first came in 1739 to visit his cousin Sir William Fairfax at Belvoir and look after his vast estates, ceded by Charles II to his grandfather, Lord Culpeper. Young George was staying with his half-brother Lawrence at Mt. Vernon. (Lawrence had married [116] MOUNT VERNON. Sir William's daughter and named the estate for Admiral Vernon under whom he served in the West Indies. The martial tastes of Lawrence fired George with a delight in mimic parades and sham-fights, and he “was al- ways Commander-in-Chief at Hobby's School,” says Washington Irving.) At Belvoir the Yule log shone hospitably and the “Chrismus giſ, Missus ” never passed unheeded. In the garden of my lady Fairfax still flutters “A crowd, A host of golden daffodils.” The site of Belvoir is seen from the Mt. Vernon wharf. Here flour, tobacco and fish were shipped, of such excellent quality and quantity that any barrel with the brand G. Wash- ington was exempt from inspection. Lord Fairfax, the guest of Addison, delighted with Virginian life and the “surpassing beauty” of the Shenandoah, there built Greenway Court. (He stayed here during the Revo- lution, though a price was put on his head). At sixteen Washington began to survey these lands over which the Colonial Governor Spotswood had led his Knights of the Golden Horseshoe. This roughing it, sleeping by the wayside or before the rude cabin fire with a whole family, “like cats and dogs,” or under pines among the Indians, fitted Colonel Washington to become the intrepid friend and best counsellor of Braddock, to the bitter end of his wilderness siege against Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburg). ( It is a delightful arrangement of the management which allows the visitor to roam freely about the grounds, and also see the Rooms of the Mansion under an excellent guide. The Mt. Vernon Ladies Association of which Mrs. Van Rensselaer Townsend is Regent have been most successful in restoring the mansion's ancient belongings. The only large exception are some volumes of Washington’s library, which are “the apple of the eye ’’ of the Boston Athenaeum. These volumes Washington left with the WHAT TO SEE. Mt. Vernon Mansion. Built by Lawrence Washington, 1743; Enlarged by George Washington, 1786. Guides. The Mt. Vernon Ladies? Association now own 237 acres purchased from John Augustine Washington, Jr. and heirs for $200,000. West Front Door with origi- nal knocker. Sun Dial erected by Rhode Island to replace original. “I record none but sunny hours.” Bowling green. Trees planted by Washington. Flower Garden and School of Custis children. Servants’ quarters restored by Vice-regents for Kansas and New York. . Barn 1773 and Coach house. Old Tomb. British oaks planted at request of H. R. H. Prince of Wales. West Parlor. Music Room. Mrs. Washington's Sitting Room. River Room. Family Dining Room. Banquet Hall. Library. Washington Room. Lafayette Room. Mrs. Washington's Room. Nellie Custis's Room, Each in charge of a Vice-Re- gent from a different State. I 17 * v 1 N 1 Đxi 1 A “ALN noo xixi vºi o N1 xv axi i vaei Cixi ori și Orł ± n O.L. :) NIAGHAŁns v NO NGHIH NA NOL:DNIH SVAA THĐ>{O3H5) Aſſ C13H1 an）)）) O CIN v JLTIIſlºt JL nH. *OVINOJLO&H GHIHIL NO NOJL:D NIHSVAA JL±IOH CITIO ·|-- （ ）-------- |-| · ---- - -| - |- |- - -|- THE LIBRARY OF WASHINGTON. estate to his nephew, Judge Bushrod Washington, who left them to his nephews. They were eventually sold, and the book- seller intended sending them to the British Museum. A number of Boston and Cambridge men subscribed to prevent this: notably Professors Jared. Sparks, Andrew Norton and George Livermore; the subscribers include the familiar names of Quincy, Peabody, Beck, Cushing, Sears, Lyman, Austin, Dwight and Perkins etc. Many of the 455 vols. were presentation copies, one, The Hot House Gardiner on the General Culture of the Pine Aple, and Methods of Forcing Barly Gražes, Nectarines, etc., presented by Chez alier d” Prujo. The Gilbert Stutart portrait of Washington belonging to the Athenaeum is in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. In Washington's Library at Mt. Vernon are 2 vols. of French History sent over in a French cruiser, which Washington never received, but which turned up at a Washington “sale * with the inscription “Intended for the A merican General Washington, by the Marquis de Rochambeau, but a British cruiser sazed them for me, A. D. London.” - On a map “drawn by order of William (Gen.) Tryon,” to aid his pitiless campaigns against the shore towns, the Appala- chian Range appears as “The Endless Mountains.” In a newspaper of 1779, a merchant advertises poetically of “opening goods both fresh and gay ” at “Esopus” prices.” Mr. Dodge discovered Esopus to be a thrifty village above West Point where mart prices prevailed as to-day in New York. One memorable return of Gen. Washington to Mt. Vernon after “six wearing years” of absence, preceded the siege of Yorktown. He arrived with de Rochambeau and Col. Humphreys. Accom- panied by them and Gen. Chastellux, he left to join Lafayette at Williamsburg. One memorable going away was to Philadelphia in his own equipage to assist in framing the Constitution, arriving with “characteristic promptness” escorted from Gray's Ferry by Gen. Mifflin and the City light-horse; “His first act was to pay a visit to Dr. Franklin.”” Washington's neighbor was there, George Mason of princely bearing, self-willed, of profound learning, who contrived curious schemes. He was the origi- 1 For charming views of Mt. Vernon and a condensed sketch of Mount, see “An Illustrated Handbook of Mt. Vernon’ by Harrison H. Dodge. “Washington Day by Day,” by Elizabeth Bryant Johnson, is an epitome of the life at Mt. Vernon. Washington at Mt. Vernon after the Revolution. Constance Cary Harrison, Century, '89. Uncle Sam's Church, a book for Americans, by John Bell Bouton. 2 The Framers of the Constitution, American Magazine of History, Vol. 13. I IQ “There is an aw/ie/sſſ//ness in the sky, Płºżezz, after wozzarozas deed's azed Zāgh; supreme, A star goes out in goldez. Aro//ecy.” º 7%ere is an aw/u/sſſſ/wess in the world, Płºżezz, after wozzarozas deed's azad. Wight supreme, A hero dies wif/, aſ! #/e ſizziere clear Aeſore him.”— “ 7%e 7zazio” 7zeed's aſ Z/ is 77.077tezzz zhe he/A of /* is wise eraſ/º/e. /zz dea/İzºg with over zast re- s/onsióżies we furn to him. JP'e jºzoke the cozzzzse/ of /, is /ă/e and character and coverage. He summon his Arece/ſs that we may keeſ his //edges to maintain ſzaszice and Zazº, education azzd 7/207-a/#y, azed civil azed re/igious Zióerty in every Żarſ of ozer cozzzzzzy, Z/e 7zezv as wed/ as the o/a/.”— WILLIAM McKINLEY. Extract from the address of the President, de- livered at Mt. Vernon on the centenary of the death of Washington, December 14, 1899. THE TOMB of was HINGTON, MT. v.ERNoN. With its ancient guardian, Edmund Parker, 1846- 98, a family servant of Mrs. John Augustine Washington. Succeeded by Thomas Bushrod (“Uncle Tom"), Sexton of Pohick Church. - MOUNT VERNON. nator of the Bill of Rights, and his grave, marked by the S. A. R., is at Gunston Hall, just across Accotink Bay from Belvoir, the home of Joseph Spech, Esq. The Washingtons, Fairfaxes and Masons attended Pohick Church (1739), five miles from Mt. Ver. non; in the words of its sexton, Thomas Bushrod, guardian of the Tomb: “De gran’ ole Church was gwine down some, but thank the Lo'd it's getting up now.” Here preached the eccentric Parson Weems, the “fiddling parson’’ who first told the story of the hatchet and the cherry tree; he carried The Age of Reason under his arm, to the dance “as an antidote.” West of Mt. Vernon is Wood. lawn, built by Major Lawrence Lewis, on the estate left by Washington to his adopted daughter, Nelly Custis. One of the happiest events in Washington's later days was the wedding of Nelly Custis, which was arranged for his birthday; history does not tell us whether they carried out the gay Virginian custom of the inſare. - Judge Bushrod Washington bequeathed the Mt. Vernon Estate to his nephew, John Augustine Washington. His widow was the last laid in the family tomb. According to her express wish, her son rowing out on the river, dropped the key of the vault into the Potomac. There was great rejoicing over the first boy born at Mt. Vernon —Lawrence Washington. The old river captain, who was devoted to the family, would not allow his passengers to land that day, but turned his bow toward Washington, and had the bells rung, saying “it’s a boy’” to everyone whom he met. One of the daughters of John Augustine was a regular tom- &oy: the servants were perfectly horrified to find their young lady at the top of a tree eating a luscious pear, all their coaxing protests against Marse’s daughter “doing a ting like dat” were met by some ingenious excuse. “Miss J. — never d’out her 'scuses,” they dejectedly apologized. 3 The last child of Mt. Vernon, Mrs. Eleanor Washington Howard, remembers 1 The Parson Weems House, Hempstead, is the home of H. P. R. Holt, Esq. 2 Woodlawn is owned by the Washington, Alexandria & Mt. Vernon Ry. 3 The affectionate Southern servant was always jealous for the family, and one aristocratic coachman of Georgetown would say when Mrs. B. asked who those people were whom she met when driving: “These are not fit people for you to know Madame, they never visited in old Marse's house Madame.”. Several servants were bragging one day, and one said “they’re all ‘rals’ in our family, Colonel—rals, Gen—rals and corpo-rals.” I2 I MOUNT VERNON. how her old mammy used to take her over the hill to see the field-servants, Aunt Aggie and Uncle Jim ; she would carry her in her arms down to the quagmire (behind the sea-wall) and then hold her little frock, while she walked across the plank over Hell-Hole, then they would climb the ridge where yet stands the old cabin covered with vines. “Where smailing s/ring its earliest zyżsif Zaid, Azad Aarzing summer’s Zingering &/ooms delayed.” — GoLDSMITH. The Washingtons were naturally simple and quiet and their warm-hearted hospitality was much tried by tactless visitors. When Admiral and Mrs. Lee were spending a part of their honeymoon at the mansion, a party of travelers walked into the dining-room and asked if these knives had been used by Washington. Mr. John Augustine Washington courteously assured them that he did not know, and also knew nothing about the ham or the hog.” UNCLE Boston AND HIS CHUMs. “c'o'T END o' cla RK.” CLARK county, va. CoAyrighted by Mrs. E. W. Trescot, Washington. Trips for Four Seasons. ALEXANDRIA, MT. VERNON and ARLINGTON. “Oh carry me back to old Pirginny.” Tickets on the Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon Railway, may be purchased at the main Station, Washington, 134 Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. To Mt. Vernon, 55 Minutes. Fare round trip 50 cents, with stop-over at Alexandria, including Arlington, 60 cents. Mt. Vernon grounds open week days only. November to May, I 1 a.m. to 4 p.m.; May to November, II a.m. to 5 p.m. “What to See,” page 117. To Alexandria, 25 Minutes. Fare round trip 25 cents. “What to See,” pages, I I I-II 5. To Arlington, 15 Minutes. Fare round trip 20 cents. Open sunset to sunrise. “What to See,” pages, 61-67. Through trains for Mt. Vernon at 10 o'clock and hourly thereafter (see latest 7%me-7able in daily papers, and /o/ders at Aſoſe/s). Train to Alexandria and Arlington about every half hour. It is possible to visit Alexandria, Mt. Vernon and Arling. ton in one day, by leaving Washington, 13% Street, at about 8, 8.30 or 8.50, spending 2 hours each at Alexandria and Mt. Vernon. Leaving Mt. Vernon between 2.30 and 3 o'clock for Arlington Junction, and arrive at Arlington in 1 hour; or it may be accomplished in 6 hours, with 1 hour at each place. I23 Trips for Four Seasons. “Me”, Samanthy’s on a z/isit “Though a stranger here among yout To this ſizemz of Uncle Same.” Pºet a Zatriot true / amz,” - Buda-Pesth was the first city in the world to adopt the underground Trolley System, and Wash- ington the first city in America to enjoy this swift, smooth method of pleasure-travel. On its great Consolidated system of Eleven Street Railways, recently perfected by the Washington Z/ectric and 7%action Company, the PUBLIC BUILDINGS and ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENTs and in fact any part of the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, may be reached for one fare and transfers in same direction. To any place in the Index the Aare is 5 cents. except beyond the District Line. To GLEN ECHO, CABIN JOHN BRIDGE, HYATTSVILLE, FoREST GLEN, BENNINGS, Fare 10 cents. To BERWYN the Fare is 15 cfs. To FORT MYER and ARLINGTON via W. A. and F. C. Aºy. Zare I 5 cfs. From Aqueduct Bridge to Falls Church, 25 cents round trip. To Rockville, Md., 14 miles 25 cents. GATE, SOLDIERS' HOME. DEC 20 1917 TROLLEY INT)FX. For Public Buildings, Executive Departments, Suburbs. “F” STREET LINE and connections of the WASHINGTON TRACTION AND ELECTRIC COMPANY. .P.A.G.E. ro8 Agriculture Department on the Mall. A macostia R. R. Car at 11th and F. Sts., South. III Alexandria, Va. Car at 11th and F. Sts. South to W. A. and Mt. Pernon Stazzoze, 13 A-2 Sás. 84 American University. Tenallytown Car, F. S/. 42 Anacostia. 11th St. Car South on F. and 9th Sts. 61 Arlington, Va. F. St. Green Car West to Prospect Aze. cross Aqueduct Bridge. Take Car at Rosslyn. ro2 Army and Navy Club. Farragut Square. F. St. Cars, West. Ioé Army Medical Museum. The Mall. 9th St. Car South. 19 Baltimore and Ohio Station, Cor. New Jersey Ave. & C. St. F. St. or Conn. Aze Car. or G. St. Car. 46 Battle Cemetery. Brightwood Ave. 9th St. Car, North. - 87 Berwyn, Maryland. “G.” St. O/ize greeze Car. 57 Bladensburg, Maryland. “G.” St. O/ize green Car. Botanical Garden. The Mall. 9th St. Car, South. 45 Brightwood. 9th St. Car, North. Io:3 British Embassy. Cor. Connecticut Ave. and N. St. Comm. A ze. Car. Bureaus. Under Departments. 37 Engraving and Printing. 14th St. S. W. 11th and F. St. Car, South. IIo7 Ethnology. Adams Building. A. Sz. - 19 Patent Office. 9th and F. Sts. - 19 Pension Bureau. Judicary Square. F. St. Cars, East. Weather Bureau. 24th and M. Sts. 77 Cabin John Bridge. Large Pellow Car on F. St., West. 19 Capitol, The. F. St. or Comm. A ze. Cars, Æast. 55 Catholic University of America City and Suðurban Car. 9 Center Market. Square at Pennsylvania Ave. 7th and 9th Sts. 9th St. and Anacostia Car. 87 Chevy Chase, Maryland. Tena/Zytown Car, transfer to Glen Æcho Car. 106 Christ Church and Congressional Burying Ground. G. St. S. E. A macostia Car. 85 Cleveland Park. Tenal/ytown Car, F. St. - stor Columbian University. H. and 15th Sts. F. St. and Conn. A ze. Car. 43 Congress Heights. A nacostia R. R., 11th St. Car. I25 º PAGE Convention Hall. New York Ave and 5th St. Olize Green Car, G. St. 98 Corcoran Art Gallery. New York Ave., 17th and E. Sts. F. St. Car, Transfer Herdic, South, at 15th. Ióo Cosmos Club. Lafayette Sq., Cor. H. St. and Madison Place. F. St. Cars. IoI Decatur House, The. Lafayette Sq. 17th and H. F. St. Cars. 7 Early Settlements of Virginia and Maryland. 46 Early’s Raid. - 53 Eckington. City and Suðurban Car, G. St. or Olize Green Car. IO2 §§: Square. Statue Adm. Farragut. F. St. or Comm. A ze. Car. 65 Falls Church. F. St. Green Car West, to Prospect Ave. Cross Aqueduct Bridge, W. A. and F. C. Ry. 38 Fish Commission. The Mall, 7th St. 9th St. Car. Ford's Theatre. Ioth, South of F. St. 49 Forest Glen, fºld. 9th St. Car North. 65 Fort Myer. F. St. Car to Prospect St., Cross Aqueduct Bridge. W. A. and F. C. Ry. 45 Fort Totten. Near Soldiers’ Home. 9th St. Car AVorth. - 45 Fort Stevens. Brightwood. 9th St. Car North. 115 Fort Washington. On the Potomac. 9th St. Cars to Wharves, and Anacostia Cars South, 11th and F. 75 Foundry Church. Cor. 14th and G. Sts. City and Suðurðazz and F. St. 55 Franciscan Monastery. Brookland. City and Suburban Car, G. St. 106 Garfield Memorial Hospital. 11th St. and Florida Ave. 9th or 11th St. Cars, North. Io9 Geological Survey. , 1330 F. St. - 66 Georgetown or West Washington. F. St. Greeze Car. 73 Georgetown University. . Near 37th St. F. St. Greeze Car. 77 Glen Echo Park. Glen Echo Heights. Zarge Jºe/Zozo Car. F. St. 43 Gov. Hospital for Insane. St. Elizabeth’s, Congress Heights. 11th St. Car. 79 Great Falls. Cabin John Bridge Car, F. Sz. Carriage from bridge. 25 Green, Statue Maj. Gen. Nathaniel. Stanton Sq. Pe/Zozº, Car, G. St. 90 Halls of the Ancients. 1312–1318 New York Ave. Co/zemzóża Line. 53 Howard University. 9th St. Car, North. 19 Interior Department. Patent Building. 9th or F. St. Cars. 15 Jackson, Statue of President Andrew. Lafayette Square. 59 Kendall Green. Columbia Line Car at Mezv Pork Aze. and 15th St. 15 Lafayette Sq. Lafayette Memorial Statue. F. St. or Conze. A ve. Car. Library, Free Public. 1326 New York Ave. Columbia Line. N. P. A ve. 25 Library of Congress. F. St. Greeze Car East. 76 Little Falls. Glen Echo. Large Pellow Car. º Logan, Statue of Gen. John A. Iowa Circle. 11th St. Car, Worth. - 62 Long Bridge. Across the Potomac, Car at 11th and F. Sts. to W. A. and Mt. P. Train, 13 1-2 St. McPherson Sq., Statue of Gen. J. B. McPherson. F. St. Cars, Herdic 15th St. and H. North. 41 Marine Barracks. 8th St. S. E. 9th St. Car and Anacostia Car. DEC 2 (, 1917 I26 PA GE Marshall, Statue Chief Justice John. The Capitol West Front. 1 16 Mount Vernon, Va. 11th St. Car South to W. A. and Mt. V. Station, 13 1-2 St. Io'ſ National Museum. The Mall. 9th St. Car or Azzacostia Car, 11th St. 49 National Park Seminary. Forest Glen. 9th St. Car, North. 81 Naval Observatory. Tezzal/ytown Car on F. St. 41 Navy Yard. 8th St. S. E. Azzacostza Car, 9th and F. Sts. Norfolk Steamboat. 9th St. Car. Qak Hill Cemetery. F. St. Green Car West to 29th St. 97 Octagon House. New York Ave. and 18th St. Herdic H. and 15th St. South. 19 Patent Office. Junction, F. and 9th Sts. Pennsylvania Railroad Station. 6th and B. Sts. 9th St. Car. 19 Pension Bureau. Judiciary Sq. F St. Cars AEast. 59 Riverdale. G. St. Olize Green Car. Morg/. - 51 Rock Creek Church. 9th St. Car. Transfer Soldiers’ Home. 49 Rockville. Large Pellow Carozz F. St. JP'est. 47 Silver Spring. 9th St. Car Worth. Scott Circle. Statue Gen. Scott. Mass. Ave. F St. Caz and Herdic North. 106 Smithsonian Institution. The Mall. 9th St. Car Sout/. 51 Soldiers’ Home. 9th St. Car North. 31 State, War and Navy Department, adjoins White House, Penn. Ave. Steamers. Mt. Vernon and Norfolk. 9th St. Car, South. 51 Takoma Park. 9th St. Car, North. 81 Tenallytown. Large Pe/Zozo Carozz F. St. West. homas Circle, Statue Gen. G. H. Thomas. 14th St. and Mass. Ave. 37 Treasury. 15th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. Opposite G. St. 99 Van Ness Tlansion. 16th St. below Corcoran Gallery. Herdic H. and 15th, South. 70 Volta Bureau. , 35th and Q. St. F. St. Car greeza, West. 73 Waggaman Gallery. Cor. O. and 33d Sts. Georgetown. F. St. Car, West. 41 Washington Barracks. Formerly the Arsenal, 4 1-2 St. 9th St. Car, South. 53 Washington College for Young Ladies. G. St. Car for Eckington and Berwyn. 123 Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon Station, 13 1-3 St. and Penn. Ave. 11th St. Car, South. 9 Washington in 1800, 38 Washington Tionument. A macostia R. R. Car 11th and F. Sts. South. 79 Washington Traction and Electric Co., Office 902 F. St. F. and 9th Sts. Lines. Webster, Daniel, Statue near Scott. Circle. Herdic H. and 15th St., North. 91 White House or Executive Mansion. Pennsylvania Avenue. 99 Y. M. C. A. 1732 G. St. Field on 17th St. Herdic 15th and H., South. - 89 Zoological Park. Comm. Ave. Car to Columbia Road. Cross bridge to path to Bear Dens. º ". º - ASK FOR SAYO Mint Jujubes Fr E L / E VE Coughs and Throat Irritations 5c. 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N | Rač W ; Whiffemore’s Poſis/hes THE WORLD'S STANDARD, The oldest and largest manufacturers of Shoe Polishes in the world. **GILT EDGE ** for Ladies’ and Children’s black shoes. ** DANDY" for all kinds of russet and tan shoes. ** NOBEY” for all kinds of brown and chocolate shoes. ** SUPERE ** for all patent and enamel leather shoes. ** PEERLESS’’ for ox-blood and all red shoes. **EL / TE ** for Ladies’ and Gents’ “Box Calf '' black “Vici Kid’’ shoes. AN INDIAN DELEGATE. KE KE TAH, HEAD CHIEF OF THE OMGE USED, AALWAYS USED, Press, Boston, Mass. - - --— - ------ - - ſiliſiiii. 3 9015 05844 5118 4