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Who was Swedenborg P
and
What are His Writings?
F >F
;|MANUEL SWEDEN BORG was a Swed-
§§§ ish nobleman, scientist, and philosopher,
§§§ son of a bishop of the Swedish Church,
* * *
3 * *
º § born January 29, 1688, died March 29,
§ 1772. During the period of his scientific
activity he was considered one of the
ablest and most prominent men of his country, was a
trusted counsellor of the king, an associate of promi-
nent public officers, and a friend of well-known scien-
tists of that day, such as Linnaeus, Polhem, and others.
His scientific writings, principally on physics, anatomy,
and physiology, were exceedingly voluminous, and
were far in advance of his time. Many of them still
remain only in manuscript, and even those which were
published were soon lost sight of by a world which
could not comprehend them, and remained nearly for-
gotten until recent years. They are now, however,
being brought to light by the scientific world, and
those who investigate are amazed to find many of the
theories and discoveries of modern science anticipated
in these wonderful books.
But eminent as Swedenborg was as a scientist, he
was on that plane but one among many, occupying a
position by no means unique. Many both before and
after him have made wonderful discoveries, and have
been in advance of the age in which they lived.
I


tº Who was Swedenborg P
/Swedenborg's claim to distinction lies in the fact that
e was a divinely chosen and prepared instrument
through which the inner or heavenly meaning of the
Word of the Lord was revealed. His mission was to
disclose the true nature of the Bible, showing it to be
in a very real and true sense the actual inspired Word
of God, and explaining with all necessary detail that
its essential holiness is due to the fact that it has, in
every sentence, word, and syllable, a holy, internal
sense, treating not of the creation of the material world
or of the history of any chosen people, but solely of
God, man, their relation to each other, man’s regener-
ation, and the life after death. When this teaching is
accepted and rationally understood, the Bible is seen
to be established upon a firm footing as the real Word
of God, and is rescued from the assaults of modern
skepticism and the so-called “higher criticism.”
* - Another mission was the teaching of the existence,
reality, and true nature of the spiritual world and the
state of man after death. At the time Swedenborg
wrote his theological works, which was towards the
close of his life, infidelity and skepticism as to the
existence of God and the life after death pervaded the
whole Christian world, and Swedenborg, after being
prepared and guided by the Lord, had his spiritual
senses opened so that he could see and hear the
objects of the spiritual world. This in itself was not
peculiar to Swedenborg, as the seers and prophets of
old enjoyed such open vision; with them, however, it
was not complete or constant, but with Swedenborg
it continued during many years prior to his death, not
in visions or trances, but while in the full possession
of all his bodily faculties and senses. His narrations
of life in the other world and of his intercourse with
the spirits and angels, whom he met and discoursed
with as one man with another, are not, therefore, idle
speculations which may or may not be true; but are
2
And What are His Writings?
&
like the accounts of a traveller who has actually lived
for many years in the countries which he describes.
All of his theological works contain references, some-
times quite lengthy, to the conditions of life in the other
world, and one of his books treats of that alone, –
“Heaven and its Wonders, the World of Spirits; and
Hell, from Things Heard and Seen.” The contents
of the chapters of “ Heaven and Hell ” will show the
scope of that one work alone.
HEAVEN /
INTRODUCTION.
THE LORD IS THE GOD OF HEAVEN.
THE DIVINE OF THE LORD MAKES HEAVEN.
THE DIVINE OF THE LORD IN HEAVEN IS LOVE TO HIM AND
CHARITY TOWARD THE NEIGHBOR.
HEAVEN IS DISTINGUISHED INTO TWO KINGDOMS,
THERE ARE THREE HEAVENS.
THE HEAVENS CONSIST OF INNUMERABLE SOCIETIES.
EveRY SocIETY Is A HEAVEN IN LESS FORM, AND EVERY ANGEL
IN LEAST FORM.
THE ENTIRE HEAVEN AS ONE WHOLE REPRESENTS ONE MAN.
EACH SoCIETY IN THE HEAVENS REPRESENTS ONE MAN.
HENCE EACH ANGEL IS IN PERFECT HUMAN FORM.
IT IS FROM THE LORD’s DIVINE HUMAN THAT HEAVEN IN
WHOLE AND IN PART REPRESENTS MAN.
THERE IS A CoRRESPONDENCE OF ALL THINGS OF HEAVEN witH
ALL THINGs 6F MAN. T. ~. --~~~~~~==---------- - - ------ - --- - - -----" --- ~~~~~~~---~~~~~
THEREIS.A.CôRRESPONDENCE OF HEAVEN witH ALL THINGS
OF THE EARTH. *****-*-*~~~. -----------~~~~< **** * *** *--- - ----..º. r. --- ~~< -- ~~~~~ *
THE SUN IN HEAVEN.
LIGHT AND HEAT IN HEAVEN.
THE FOUR QUARTERS IN HEAVEN.
CHANGES OF STATE OF ANGELS IN HEAVEN.
TIME IN HEAVEN,
REPRESENTATIVES AND APPEARANCES IN HEAVEN.
THE GARMENTS WITH WHICH ANGELS APPEAR CLOTHED.

THE Dwell INGS AND Homſ Es OF ANGELs.
SPACE IN HEAVEN.
THE ForM of HEAven, AccorpING To which ARE ITS CONSO-
CIATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS.
GOVERNMENTS IN HEAVEN.
DIVINE WORSHIP IN HEAVEN,
THE POWER OF ANGELS IN HEAVEN.
THE SPEECH OF ANGELS, .
THE SPEECH OF ANGELS WITH MAN.
WRITINGS IN HEAVEN.
3
Who was Swedenborg P
WISDOM OF THE ANGELS OF HEAVEN.
STATE of INNOCENCE OF ANGELS IN HEAVEN.
THE STATE OF PEACE IN HEAVEN.
THE CONJUNCTION of HEAVEN witH THE HUMAN RACE.
CoNJUNCTION OF HEAven witH MAN BY THE WORD.
HEAVEN AND HELL ARE FROM THE HUMAN RACE. *
THE HEATHEN, OR PEOPLEs out of THE CHURCH, IN HEAVEN.
T.ITTLE CHILDREN IN HEAVEN.
THE WISE AND THE SIMPLE IN HEAVEN.
THE RICH AND THE POOR IN HEAVEN.
MARRIAGES IN HEAVEN.
THE FUNCTIONS of ANGELS IN HEAVEN.
HEAvenly Joy AND HAPPINESS.
THE IMMENSITY OF HEAVEN.
THE WORLD OF SPIRITS AND MAN'S STATE AFTER
DEATH
WHAT THE WORLD OF SPIRITS IS.
EveRY MAN Is A SPIRIT AS TO HIS INTERIORS.
MAN's RESUscITATION FROM THE DEAD, AND ENTRANCE INTO
ETERNAL LIFE.
MAN AFTER DEATH IS IN PERFECT HUMAN FORM.
MAN AFTER DEATH IS IN ALL SENSE, MEMORY, THOUGHT, AND
AFFECTION, IN which HE was IN THE WORLD, AND LEAVES
NOTHING EXCEPT THE EARTHLY BODY.
MAN IS AFTER DEATH As HIS LIFE HAS BEEN IN THE WORLD.
THE ENJOYMENTs of rh E LIFE OF EVERY ONE ARE AFTER
DEATH TURNED INTO CORRESPONDING ENJOYMENTS.
FIRST STATE OF MAN AFTER DEATH.
SECOND STATE OF MAN AFTER DEATH.
THIRD STATE of MAN AFTER DEATH, which IS THE STATE of
INSTRUCTION OF THOSE WHO COME INTO HEAVEN.
No ONE COMES INTO HEAVEN FROM IMMEDIATE MERCY.
IT IS NOT SO DIFFICULT TO LIVE THE LIFE THAT LEADS TO
HEAVEN AS IS BELIEVED.
HELL
THE LORD RULES THE HELLS.
THE LORD CASTs No ONE Down INTo HELL, BUT THE SPIRIT
CASTS HIMSELF DOWN.
ALL IN THE HELLS ARE IN EVILS AND FALSITIES THEREFROM,
oRIGINATING IN THE Loves oF SELF AND OF THE WORLD.
WHAT HELL FIRE is, AND GNASHING OF TEETH.
THE MALICE AND WICKED ARTS OF INFERNAL SPIRITS.
THE APPEARANCE, SITUATION, AND NUMBER OF THE HELLS.
THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN HEAVEN AND HELL.
MAN IS IN FREEDOM THROUGH THE EQUILISRIUM BETWEEN
HEAVEN AND HELL.
4.
And What are His Writings P
It is, of course, quite impossible in this short sketch
to give more than the merest suggestion of the wealth
of information and spiritual truth contained in these
books.
All of Swedenborg's theological works were written
in Latin, which was at that time the universal lan-
guage of the learned world. They have all been pub-
lished in Latin, and have also been translated and
published in English and other modern languages.
The only complete and uniform edition of the theo-
logical writings of Swedenborg is the 1907 Rotch Edi-
tion in thirty-two volumes as follows:
1907 Rotch (ºbitign
OF
Swedenborg’s Theological Works
WOLS.
1–19 HEAVENLY ARCANA
2 o INDEX ARCANA
2 I HEAVEN AND HELL
22 MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
FINAL JUDGMENT
WHITE HORSE
EARTHS IN THE UNIVERSE
SUMMARY EXPOSITION
23 FOUR DOCTRINES
NEw JERUSALEM AND ITs HEAVENLY
DOCTRINES
24 DIVINE LOVE AND WISDOM
INTERCOURSE BETWEEN THE SOUL
AND THE BODY
25 DIVINE PROVIDENCE
26–28 APOCALYPSE REVEALED
29 MARRIAGE LOVE
30–32 TRUE CHRISTIAN RELIGION
S
Who was Swedenborg P
A SUMMARY OF THE VOLUMES
VOLUMES I-XIX
THE HEAVENLY ARCANA, contained in the Holy
Scripture or Word of the Lord unfolded; together
with Wonderful Things which have been seen in the
World of Spirits and in the Heaven of Angels.
This is an exposition of the internal or spiritual
sense of the books of Genesis and Exodus, according
to the law of correspondences. It unfolds the spiritual
significance of the creation; of the stories of Adam
and Eve, and of the deluge; of the lives of the patri-
archs; of the captivity of the chosen people in Egypt
and of their deliverance therefrom, and of their subse-
quent history; of the ritual of the Jewish religion, its
sacrifices and observances : — and in general, traces
the foreshadowing through both books of the incarna-
tion and glorification of the Lord Jesus Christ. Many
passages from other parts of the Word are also fully
explained. -
Relations of things heard and seen in the spiritual
world are interspersed, explaining the process of dy-
ing, and of man’s resuscitation and conscious entrance
into the interior life; the nature of the soul; of heaven
and heavenly joy; and of hell, its nature and its mise-
ries. It also treats of the Grand Man, or the whole
angelic heaven, and the correspondence of the socie-
ties therein with the different organs and senses of the
body; the origin and correspondence of diseases; the
spirits and inhabitants of the various planets, and of
other earths in the starry heavens. All of which are
related to a true understanding of the Divine Word.
VOLUME XXI
HEAVEN and its Wonders, the World of Spirits;
AND HELL; from Things Heard and Seen.
6
And What are His Writings?
Swedenborg here unfolds the laws governing the
spiritual world; describes the condition of good and
evil spirits ; and exhibits the general arrangement
and surroundings of the inhabitants of heaven and
hell. He treats of the form of heaven, in general and
in particular ; of its immensity, and of the innumerable
societies of which it is composed ; of the correspond-
ence between the things of heaven and those of earth ;
of the sun of heaven, and of the light and heat pro-
ceeding therefrom ; of representative appearances in
heaven and of the changes of state experienced by
angels; of their garments and habitations, their lan-
guage and writings, their innocence and wisdom, their
governments and worship ; of the origin of heaven and
its association with the human race. (For complete
contents, see pages 3 and 4.)
VOLUME XXII
MISCELLANEOUS THEOLOGICAL WORKS.
This volume contains the following:
Final %udgment; with continuation, which describes
the “Judgment,” which was effected in the spiritual
world in 1757, as a part of the Lord’s second com-
ing, and the beginning of the new dispensation pre-
dicted in the Apocalypse as “the New Jerusalem.”
7%e “White Horse,” which unfolds the spiritual
meaning of the “White Horse’ mentioned in the
Apocalypse, with especial reference to the doctrine of
the Lord's second coming.
The Earths in the Universe, which describes the
appearance, character, and mode of life of the inhabit-
ants of other earths, information which Swedenborg
acquired in the spiritual world from spirits from those
earths whom he was permitted to meet.
Summary Exposition, which is a brief statement of
the doctrines of the New Church.
7
Who was Swedenborg P
VOLUME XXIII
THE FOUR LEADING DOCTRINES OF THE
NEW CHURCH.
The Doctrine of the Zord is a careful analysis of the
teaching of Scripture respecting Jesus Christ, to show
that He is “the Word made flesh,” “God with us;”
and the purpose of His coming into the world. The
Trinity is also explained.
The ZXbctrine of the Sacred Scripture unfolds the
doctrine of the spiritual sense in its relation to the
literal; the way in which true doctrine is to be de-
duced from scripture ; how erroneous doctrines have
been drawn from it; and how the sacred scripture is
a means of conjunction between the Lord and man.
The ZXbctrine of Faith shows what the constituents
of true faith are as contrasted with the heresy of
“faith alone,” which is a faith separate from charity.
The Doctrine of Zife is a careful analysis of the rela-
tion of morals or good conduct to spiritual life. It
also contains an exposition of the spiritual sense of
the ten commandments.
The AWeze, Jerusalem and its Heavenly ZXoctrine is a
discussion of twenty-five doctrinal points, comparing
the old and new theology, and may be considered an
outline of the author’s final work, the Zºue Christian
A'eligion.
VOLUME XXIV
ANGELIC WISDOM CONCERNING THE DI-
VINE LOVE AND THE DIVINE WISDOM.
This work, originally published in 1763, treats of the
operation of divine love and divine wisdom in the
creation of the universe, including man as the chief
end of creation. It explains the trinal distinction that
exists in all created things, from the Trinity in God,
and shows how this is manifested in man, who is the
8
And What are His Writings?
image of the divine. It unfolds the doctrine of de-
grees, and explains the three discrete degrees of the
human mind, showing how these are opened, and what
is effected thereby. It also explains the origin of evil
uses, and the origin, design, and tendency of good
uses. It sets forth fully and clearly the philosophical
basis of these doctrines; and is a work that no stu-
dent of philosophy can afford to overlook.
7%e AWature of the Intercourse between the Soul and
the Body is a discussion of the doctrine of Influx, and
is supposed to have been written in answer to a letter
to him from Immanuel Kant.
VOLUME XXV
ANGELIC WISDOM CONCERNING THE DI-
VINE PROVIDENCE.
This work treats of the nature and operations of
divine providence, and unfolds the laws of order ac-
cording to which God’s government is regulated. It
shows that His end in the creation of the world was
a heaven of angels from the human race; that the
divine providence works according to invariable laws;
that it is universal, extending to the least things; that
in all it has respect to what is eternal; that among
these laws are those of permission ; that evils are per-
mitted for the sake of the end, which is salvation ; that
divine providence is equally with the wicked and the
good; that every man can be reformed, and that there
is no such thing as predestination; that the Lord can-
not act against the laws of providence, because that
would be to act against divine love and divine wis-
dom, consequently against Himself.
VOLUMES XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII
APOCALYPSE REVEALED, wherein are disclosed
the Arcana there foretold, which have hitherto re-
mained concealed.
Who was Swedenborg P
This work, originally published in 1766, unfolds the
spiritual meaning of the Book of Revelation. It shows
that by the “Seven Churches in Asia,” to whom this
prophecy is addressed, are meant the different classes
of Christians of the present day; that the Last Judg-
ment is not an event that is to occur at some future
time in the natural world, but one that has already
taken place in the world of spirits, and that “the New
Jerusalem coming down like a bride out of heaven,”
symbolizes a new dispensation of truth now descend-
ing into the minds of men. Incidentally it explains
numerous passages from other parts of the Word.
Instructive narratives of things seen in the spiritual
world are also interspersed between the chapters.
VOLUME XXIX
MARRIAGE LOVE: The Delights of Wisdom per-
taining to Marriage Love; to which is added, The
Pleasures of Insanity pertaining to Scortatory Love.
By Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swede.
This work, published in 1768, when Swedenborg
was eighty years of age, was the first of the author's
theological works on the title of which his name ap-
peared. It treats of the relation of the sexes; of the
nature and origin of love truly conjugial and of its in-
dissoluble nature; of the marriage of the Lord and
the Church, and its correspondence; of the spiritual
conjunction of partners in true marriage; of the
change effected in both sexes by marriage ; of the
causes of disaffection, separations, and divorces; of
the causes of apparent love, friendship, and favor in
marriage; and of iterated marriages. To which is
appended a treatise on Adulterous or Scortatory Love
in its various degrees, showing it to be in its nature
the very opposite of Conjugial Love.
IO
And What are His Writings?
VOLUMES XXX, XXXI, XXXII
THE TRUE CHRISTIAN RELIGION; contain-
ing the Universal Theology of the New Church,
foretold by the Lord in Daniel vii, 13, 14; and in
the Apocalypse xxi, I, 2.
This last work of the author was originally published
in 1771. It is a detailed exposition of the main doc-
trines of the New Church. The nature and scope of
the work will be seen from the titles of the chapters:
I. GoD THE CREATOR.
II. THE LORD THE REDEEMER.
III. THE Holy SPIRIT AND THE DIVINE OPERATION (TREAT-
- ING ALso of THE DIVINE TRINITY).
IV. THE SACRED SCRIPTURE OR WORD OF THE LORD.
V. THE DECALOGUE EXPLAINED AS TO ITS EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL SENSE.
VI. FAITH.
VII. CHARITY AND GOOD WORKS.
VIII, FREE WILL.
IX. REPENTANCE.
X. REFORMATION AND REGENERATION.
XI. IMPUTATION. "
XII. BAPTISM.
XIII. THE HOLY SUPPER.
XIV. THE ConsumMATION OF THE AGE ; THE SECOND COMING OF
THE LORD ; THE NEW HEAVEN AND THE NEW CHURCH.
There are, also, relations of things seen and heard
in the spiritual world interspersed between the chap-
ters, illustrating in a forcible manner the subjects there
treated. In a supplement many interesting facts are
given respecting the other life and of peoples there.
This is followed by an Appendix treating of the suc-
cessive churches that have existed on the earth, and
other related subjects, and very full indexes of sub-
jects and scripture passages.
This book was the culmination of Swedenborg’s
theological writings. He regarded it as the doctrinal
basis of New Church theology, and in it he has pre-
sented a summary of the whole system. Much of its
material was drawn from his previous works; but all
II
Who was Swedenborg P
this was rewritten to make it a homogeneous part of
this complete presentation. It is, as the title declares,
“the whole theology of the New Church.”
Swedenborg’s Scientific Works
The titles of some of Swedenborg's scientific and
philosophical works suffice to indicate the wonderful
extent of his intellectual interests and the unprece-
dented range of his accomplishments before he wrote
his theological works: - -
Contributions to Geometry and Algebra.
The Motion and Repose of the Earth and Planets.
A Description of Swedish Iron Furnaces, and of the
Processes for Smelting Iron. .
Information about Docks, Canal-locks, and Salt-works.
The Principia, or First Principles of Natural Things
deduced from Experience and Geometry.
New Attempts to explain Chemistry and Experimen-
tal Physics Geometrically.
New Discoveries respecting Iron and Fire, with a
New Construction of Stoves.
A New Method of Finding the Longitude of Places
by Lunar Observations.
Observations on Minerals, Fire, and the Strata of
Mountains.
The Magnet and its Qualities.
The Right Treatment of Metals.
An Elucidation of a Law of Hydrostatics.
A Philosophical Argument on the Infinite.
* Economy of the Animal Kingdom.
The Bones of the Skull, Ossification, etc.
Anatomy of the Larger and Smaller Brains, etc.
Introduction to a Rational Psychology.
Ontology.
The Animal Kingdom considered Anatomically,
Physically, and Philosophically.
On the Worship and Love of God.
I 2
Opinions Concerning Swedenborg
Ralph Waldo Emerson. – “The truths passing out
of Swedenborg's system into general circulation are
now met with every day, qualifying the views and
creeds of all churches, and of men of no church.”
Thomas Carlyle. – “A man of great and indisput-
able cultivation, strong mathematical intellect, and the
most pious seraphic turn of mind.”
John Greenleaf Whittier. – “There is one grand
and beautiful idea underlying all his revelations or
speculations about the future life. His remarkably
suggestive books are becoming familiar to the reading
and reflecting portions of the community.”
Samuel Taylor Coleridge. —“As a moralist, Swe-
denborg is above all praise; and as a naturalist, psy-
chologist, and theologian he has strong and varied
claims on the gratitude and admiration of the profes-
sional and philosophical student.” .
Honore de Balzac. – “I have come back to Swe-
denborg after vast studies of all religions. He undoubt-
edly epitomizes all the religions — or rather the one
religion of humanity.”
Elizabeth Barrett Browning.— “To my mind the
only light that has been cast on the other life is found
in Swedenborg's philosophy.”
Henry Ward Beecher. — “No man can know the
theology of the nineteenth century who has not read
Swedenborg.”
James Freeman Clarke. — “Emanuel Sweden-
borg became the organ of a new spiritual philosophy
the power of which is hardly yet understood, but which
seems likely to leaven all religious thought and change
all arbitrary theologies into a spiritual rationalism.”
I3
Opinions Concerning Swedenborg
John Bigelow. — “The validity of a patent for the
modern air-tight stove has been set aside in our courts
upon the ground that the principle of the stove was
discovered by Swedenborg more than a century ago.
His specimens of Chemistry and Physics contain the
germs of the atomic theory set forth afterwards by Dal-
ton. The French Chemist Dumas ascribes to Sweden-
borg the creation of the modern science of crystal-
lography. Nineteen years before Franklin's famous
experiments Swedenborg had reasoned out the iden-
tity of lightning and electricity.”
Theophilus Parsons. – “He [Swedenborg] ac-
quired in early life a high position among scientific
men, and produced successively works of science and
philosophy which have always been acknowledged as
having great merit. About the year 1745, when fifty-
seven years old, his spiritual senses were opened, and,
abandoning natural science, he devoted himself for the
remainder of his life, twenty-seven years, to the acquire-
ment and promulgation of spiritual science, — of the
science of religion. He was in the spiritual world, not
always or continually during those twenty-seven years,
but nearly so, a spirit among spirits, almost as com-
pletely as when he finally left the material body.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson. — “Our books are false
by being fragmentary. . . . But Swedenborg is sys-
tematic, and respective of the world in every sentence;
all the means are orderly given; his faculties work
with astronomic punctuality; and his admirable writ-
ing is pure from all pertness and egotism. He named
his favorite views, the Doctrine of Forms, the Doctrine
of Series and Degrees, the Doctrine of Influx, the Doc-
trine of Correspondence. His statement of these doc-
trines deserves to be studied in his books. Not every
man can read them, but they will reward him who can.
I4.
Opinions Concerning Swedenborg
. . . His writings would be a sufficient library to a
lonely and athletic student ; and the Economy of the
Animal Kingdom is one of those books which, by the
sustained dignity of thinking, is an honor to the hu-
man race. The Anima/ Aïngdom is a book of won-
derful merits. It was written with the highest end —
to put science and the soul, long estranged from each
other, at One again.”
Theodore Parker. — “It seems to me that he
[Swedenborg] was a man of genius, wide learning, of
deep and genuine piety.”
Charles G. Ames. – “I was helped by the writings
of Swedenborg.”
James Freeman Clarke. —“Swedenborg's thought
has been slowly filtering into philosophy and theology,
spiritualizing both.”
Julia Ward Howe. — “Prior to these Latin stud-
ies, I read a good deal in Swedenborg, and was much
fascinated by his theories of spiritual life.”
R. Heber Newton. — “The first really new con-
ception of the character of immortality given to the
world for eighteen centuries came through the great
savant and philosopher and theologian, Emanuel
Swedenborg.”
Walter Pater. — “A change of temper in regard to
the supernatural has passed over the whole modern
mind ; and of this the true measure is the influence of
the writings of Swedenborg.”
Herbert N. Casson.— “His [Swedenborg's] ideas
gradually permeated orthodoxy, and to a greater ex-
tent than has ever been acknowledged.”
Lancelot Cross. – “So great is the conflux of great
minds toward Swedenborg, that he and they interpret
I5
N
Opinions Concerning Swedenborg
each other; his influence stirs throughout their pages.
His power has been that of the still small voice. His
militant career is remarkable ; his truths have been
largely appropriated without naming their messenger.
. . . Catholic, Protestant, Dissenter, are equally be-
holden to this apostle.”
Honore de Balzac. – “In the eighteenth century
came Swedenborg, an evangelist and a prophet, whose
figure rises as colossal as those of Saint John, Pythag-
oras, and Moses.”
Elbert Hubbard. — “Swedenborg anticipated Dar-
win in a dozen ways; he knew the classic languages,
and most of the modern ; he traveled everywhere; he
was a practical economist, and the best civil engineer
of his day.”
Newcomb (Simon) and Holden's Astronomy.
– “The Nebular Hypothesis was first propounded by
the philosophers Swedenborg, Kant, and Laplace.”
Charles F. Dole. — “Swedenborg too was a rare
civilizing force, generations in advance of his times,
whose universal teachings, in spite of all the quaint-
ness of their coloring, ring true to-day.”
Medical Critic and Psychological Journal. —
“Swedenborg's writings constitute a splendid monu-
ment of the extraordinary intellectual powers, the un-
tiring assiduity, and the lofty religious fervor of the
man. As a philosopher he will always occupy a con-
spicuous and honorable position in the history of mod-
ern philosophy; and as a theologian he gave birth to
one of the most remarkable developments of Chris-
tianity in modern times.”
New York Independent. —“Whoever desires tol
understand modern theology and the elements which
have contributed to its formation, has need to study















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