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DETECTOR
AT SIGHT
By Authority
FROM THE
UNITED STATES TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
Banking & Cowriting House Edition
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SCIENTIA
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BOUGAIN
GIFT OF
ALFRED C. FINNEY
FROM THE LIBRARY OF
BYRON A. FINNEY, A.B., 1871
REFERENCE LIBRARIAN, 1891-1916
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NIV
OF
ICH
PLURIBU
UNITED STATES TREASURY
Engraved & Printed at the Treasury Department.
I eat.
HEATH'S
GREATLY IMPROVED AND ENLARGED
INFALLIBLE
Government Counterfeit Detector,
AT
SIGHT.
THE ONLY INFALLIBLE METHOD OF DETECTING COUNTERFEIT, SPURIOUS,
AND ALTERED BANK NOTES, GOVERNMENT BONDS, ETC.
APPLICABLE TO ALL BANKS IN THE
UNITED STATES AND CANADAS,
AS NOW IN CIRCULATION OR THAT MAY BE ISSUED,
WITH
GENUINE DESIGNS FROM THE ORIGINAL GOVERNMENT PLATES.
BY AUTHORITY FROM THE UNITED STATES TREASURY DEPARTMENT, AND THE
AMERICAN, NATIONAL, AND CONTINENTAL BANK NOTE COS..
NEW YORK AND BOSTON.
M
B
Banking House and Counting Room Edition.
BOSTON, MASS., AND WASHINGTON, D. C. :
PUBLISHED BY LABAN HEATH & Co.,
No. 30 Hanover Street, Boston, to whom all orders should be addressed.
Entered in the year 1870, by
LABAN HEATH & CO.
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
VI
Gift of A. c. Finnicy
added ed.
4-24-41-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Introduction,
McCulloch's Letter,
Geometrical Lathe Work,
Ruling Engine Work,
Vignettes,
•
Solid Print,
Process of Engraving Bank Notes,
Minor Rules,
Altered Bank Notes,
General Directions,
Particular Directions,
Remarks,
Legal Tenders,
National Gold Notes,
Postal and Fractional Currency,
National Banks, .
Redemption of Mutilated Treasury Notes, and Currency,
Counterfeits,
Microscope or Magnifying Glass,
PAGE.
3
7
10
12
16
17
19
21
23
24
25
29
30
31
33
34
35
37
-}
14
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
United States Treasury Building and Portraits of Public
Men. Frontispiece.
United States Fractional Currency, Portrait and Die,
Portraits and Dies used on Legal Tender Notes,
Portraits, Vignette, and Dies, on Legal Tender and Na-
tional Notes,
Vignettes on Legal Tender Notes, $5, $10, and $20,
Right end of backs, National Notes, $10, $20, $50, and
$100,
Vignettes and Dies, National Notes, $1, $2,
Right end of face and back, Vignette National Note, $5,
Vignettes, National Notes, $10, $20, $50, $100,
Right and left end of back Vignette, National Notes,
$10, $20, $50, $100,
Vignettes and Die, National Notes, $500, $1000,.
Specimens of Lettering,
Counterfeit National Note, face and back, $20,
Counterfeit Legal Tender, face and back, $100.
Counterfeit Legal Tender, face and back, $5.
PLATE.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
*
IX.
X.
XI.
XIII.
{
A
W
?
INTRODUCTION.
In presenting a third revised edition of the "Counterfeit De-
tector" to the public, I wish to add a few remarks enabling
the reader more fully to understand its import. Having had
unlimited experience in the detection of counterfeit and altered
bank-notes, I felt the necessity of placing this knowledge within
the reach of all; and during the regime of the old State Bank-
ing System I issued my first work, which met with such favor
from the public, that it reached the enormous sale of twenty-
five thousand copies, and would have exceeded this number had
not the whole currency of the country been changed to treasury
notes, known as "greenbacks," or legal-tenders, and
and national
bank-bills. This change gave apparent security for a time; but
hopes of safety were suddenly dispelled by the appearance in
our midst of counterfeit treasury notes, so nicely executed that
they were received by our leading banks
our leading banks as genuine notes.
This, together with the numerous and dangerous counterfeits of
the new national currency, induced the author to apply to the
Secretary of the United States Treasury for certain cuts and
dies used on the legal-tenders and other national bills. The
officers of the leading Bank Note Engraving Companies were
consulted upon the subject, and after a thorough investigation
permission was granted, on condition that the dies should be
so mutilated as to prevent all possibility of counterfeiters mak-
ing any use of them in their nefarious business, and yet pre-
serving the symmetry of the work.
!
4
I was, therefore, through the kindness of the Secretary of the
Treasury, enabled to give fac-simile cuts and dies from nearly
all the Government issues, thus placing in the hands of all, the
means of detecting the most skilfully prepared counterfeits that
can be executed.
INTRODUCTION.
}
means of
I then issued my first edition of the Government work, known
as the "Pocket Edition" of "Heath's Infallible Counterfeit De-
tector at Sight." The object was to furnish the public with a
standard guide, and, in a comprehensive form, the
detecting counterfeit bank-notes at sight, the same means em-
ployed by engravers, brokers, cashiers, and other experts. This
knowledge has been reduced to fixed principles, so clear and
simple, that any one, with the aid of a microscopic glass, can
understand and apply them. And all who have become ac-
quainted with the author's mode of teaching the art have shown
the deepest interest in it, and a desire to know still more.
Finding the public so well pleased with the Pocket Edition,
and desirous of obtaining all the information that could be fur-
nished, with the facilities at my command I issued the "Bank-
ing and Counting House Edition," containing about fifty of the
most beautiful Government devices, including "vignettes," "dies,"
etc. The labor and expense of getting up the work was very
great. Neither time nor money was spared in perfecting it, so
that I could present to the public a standard work, not only
worthy of the title it bears, but a sure safeguard against all
classes of counterfeits.
The general principle upon which the detection of counterfeits
is based, is, that all parts of genuine notes are engraved by
machinery, with some exceptions hereafter named, while all
parts of counterfeit notes are engraved by hand, with exceptions
hereafter given.
The machines employed in engraving are very elaborate and
#
INTRODUCTION.
5
expensive, thus placing them beyond the reach of counterfeiters,
who, even if they had the capital, would hardly risk investing
from $75,000 to $150,000 in an illegitimate business which
might be taken from them at any moment by the officers of
the law. The size
The size and weight of such apparatus would also
prevent concealment.
The work executed by the Government and Bank Note Com-
pany is of great beauty and perfection, and in all parts mathe-
matically and geometrically exact. Engraving executed by hand,
or even with the aid of some simple machinery, can never
approach the beauty and exactness of genuine work. The success
of counterfeiters in circulating their spurious issues, is not always
due to any excellence of work that would deceive a practised
eye, but to the general ignorance of the public as to what con-
stitutes good and poor engraving. So general is this ignorance,
that it is rare to meet a man who knows the object or char-
acter of the beautiful devices found upon every bank-note, and
which are its only safeguard against counterfeiting. In judging
of the genuineness of a note, some look carefully for pin-holes ;
others, for signs of wear; and others still, examine the paper;
all of which are easily imitated by counterfeiters.
The work having been kindly received and appreciated by the
public, and desiring to show my gratitude, I undertook a thor-
ough revision, being desirous to furnish the most perfect work
of the kind ever produced, and do not hesitate to pronouce it
an infallible guide. In the engravings of this work will be
found a standard of excellence, with which all genuine work
will favorably compare, while counterfeits will fail to stand the
test. A careful comparison will reveal their defects, defects
which will never be found in
never be found in genuine work. Some works of
similar character to this have attempted to give specimens of
counterfeit engraving by means of wood-cuts. This, however, is
!
4
6
1
INTRODUCTION.
I
t
impossible, as wood-cuts
are no guide by which to judge of
steel engravings; besides, there is no standard for counterfeits,
varying as they do from poor to excellent. The genuine only
is the standard, and it is the genuine which should be fully
learned. The counterfeit will then be known at sight.
}
}
In conclusion, I cannot refrain from expressing my gratitude
to the Secretary of the Treasury; Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, late
Assistant Secretary; Gen. F. E. Spinner, U. S. Treasurer, whose
bold, inimitable signature is better known than that of any
American now living; to George B. McCartee, Esq., Supt.
Printing Bureau; and Col. Whitely, Chief of the Secret Service
Division, as well as to the officers of the American, National,
and Continental Bank Note Companies, and many others, whose
suggestions have been of great value to the author
LABAN HEATH.
¿
1
Sir:
September 3d, 1866.
"cuts
say
manner, viz:
In reply to yours of June 30, 1866, applying to this Department for certain
used on the issues of the National Bank Notes and the U. S. Legal Tender
Notes, for
use in your Counterfeit Detector, I have to
that permission to use certain
of these cuts will be granted you, to be carried into effect in the following
You will please file in this office a correct Schedule of the designs you desire, described in
the following mannot, i. e. giving the character and denomination of the note, the subject of
the vignette or design, its location upon the particular note, as
of the
face of the note, " So. &c. and the number of copies of cach that desire. Upon the
recoption of this Schedule, authority will be given to the Bank Nete Companies who
graved and printed these notes, to print for you the specified number of copies «pon" plain
plate paper; necessary expense of which you will pay to them upon delivery, and
receipt in duplicate for the copies delivered in like form as the list or order furnished by you
uper left-hand corner
you
the
to this Department.
¡
!
*
Treasury Department,
Laban Heath, Esq.
EX
**
(Signed)
*
Respectfully Yours,
*
H. Mc Culloch,
*
*
en_
Secretary of the Treasury.
COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
1
GEOMETRICAL LATHE WORK.
CANNOT BE SUCCESSFULLY IMITATED.
ALL the figures on bank-notes, of circles, ovals, squares,
etc., and upon which the denomination is usually placed (see
Plates 2, 3, 5, and 6), are composed entirely of a network
of fine lines, crossing each other at such angles and dis-
tances as to produce the desired effect. This fine line is
the characteristic of this description of engraving, and in
genuine work can be traced by means of a lens throughout
the figure, never breaking or losing itself in another line,
or pursuing any irregularity whatever. This line is usually
white, on a black or green ground, or sometimes red, but
may be a black, green, or red line on white.
Plate 5 shows the beautiful lathe work, on the right end of
the backs of the $10, $20, $50, and $100 National Currency
Notes; they are printed in green, the same color used for
the bills. A careful comparison of any suspicious note of
the above denomination (with the aid of a lens) will at once
determine its character. This line is produced by the Geo-
metrical Lathe, a wonderful and beautiful engine, invented
(y)
8
}
66
:
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
by Mr. Asa Spencer, of Connecticut, and first introduced
into general use in 1818-19. The patterns produced by the
geometrical lathe are of every conceivable variety of form
and figure; but this fine line is the characteristic of them
all. The lathe does not engrave its patterns directly upon
the bank-note plate, but upon pieces of soft steel one eighth
of an inch thick. This piece is then hardened by a pe-
culiar process, and then a cylinder of soft steel is rolled
over it by means of a powerful machine called the Transfer
Press, and the engraving is transferred to the cylinder. This
cylinder is then hardened, and is capable of transferring the
same design to the bank-note plate, by means of the Trans-
fer Press. In counterfeit engraving, on the contrary, the design
is engraved directly upon the plate, and will fail in two ways.
First, it will be impossible to produce the perfect line of
the genuine, and the effect to the naked eye will be a
more or less dull and sunken appearance, and sometimes
a scratchy" look. The figure will also be darker or lighter
in spots, because the lines will be sometimes heavier and
sometimes lighter. The lens will also show the lines to be
imperfect, sometimes broken, irregular in size, and irregu-
lar in their course; and, second, it will be impossible to
produce two dies exactly alike. In the genuine plate, when
two dies occur alike, both are "transferred" from the same
cylinder and must be alike; but in the counterfeit, each
being separately engraved, and by hand, it is impossible to
produce two exactly alike. An examination of the plates
showing the more frequent forms of geometrical lathe dies
will show the beautiful, clear, raised impression produced by
the correct lines of the genuine engraving. Sometimes the
1
,
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
9
whole face of a note, except the vignettes and dies, will
be tinted a pale red or other color. This tint is composed
of fine curved or looped lines, running across the whole
face of the bill, and is done by the geometrical lathe. In
the genuine it will be perfect in the lines and in the
shades, like all lathe work, as described above; and the
counterfeits will have the same imperfections, in the lines
and in the shades, before described. In all the Government
issues (with the exception of the old fractional currency,
now nearly obsolete) the geometric lathe work is largely
used, constituting the chief test of genuineness. This should
be made a particular study by carefully examining the plates,
both with the lens and the naked eye. In examining lathe
work for proof of genuineness, begin at the centre of the
curvilinear figures, and then gradually follow the lines
around the circles, one within the other, for the discovery
of special defects which would otherwise be overlooked.
Also be careful and minute in comparing general designs.
↓
RULING ENGINE WORK,
THE fine line is also the characteristic of this kind of
work; but the lines, instead of forming circles, are parallel.
This work is always used for the shading of letters (see
Plate 11), which forms a perfectly even pale gray shade. The
lines are usually very fine in genuine work, so that the
shading appears light. It may, however, be dark and yet
be genuine.
The engraving is produced and transferred in the same
way as the geometrical lathe work, and the shade will al-
ways be uniform, -no part darker than another, the lines
will all be perfect, and the spaces between them exact.
They may be horizontal, i. e., directly across the plate, or
diagonal, running crosswise the plate. In the counterfeit,
this work, like all other, is engraved upon the plate by
hand, aided sometimes, perhaps, by some simple and imper-
fect machinery.
Consisting of the fine line, like the geometrical lathe
work, it will fail in the same particulars; namely, will be
more or less dull and sunken, looking as though done with
a lead-pencil, and may also have the "scratchy" appear-
ance. The lens will show the lines to be more or less
coarse and uneven, frequently breaking, and sometimes end-
ing too soon.
(10)
-
1
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
11
The lines are also liable to be crooked,—not perfectly
parallel.
Fine specimens of ruling engine work will be
found on Plate 11. It is generally used, as there, for the
shading of names of banks, and also for the names of Town,
State, etc.
The shading of letters, and all parallel ruling upon
Government and bank notes, is executed by the Parallel
Ruling Machine. This machine is governed by an index
which regulates the width of the lines. On all genuine
notes the work is fine and clear, and the lines are strictly
parallel. It is executed with such mathematical accuracy,
that by the aid of the microscope the lines are seen to
be perfect, and however minute, can be easily counted.
Clear skies are also usually formed of fine parallel lines.
When cloudy or heavy skies are required, these lines are
made to cross each other. Sometimes
Sometimes sky is formed of
several broken etched lines. Parallel ruling is a very im-
portant branch of engraving, and one which cannot be too
attentively studied.
•
$
VIGNETTES.
CAN BE IMITATED.
I
THE two kinds of work previously described are always
and invariably machine work in genuine bills, and therefore
cannot be imitated successfully by the means in the hands of
counterfeiters. Vignettes may be classed as the artistic part
of bank-note engraving, as the greater part of it is done
by hand, and in all genuine work by first-class artists.
Water and sky are sometimes done with the ruling engine,
and when they are, come under Ruling Work, and cannot
be successfully imitated. The only thing required for a first-
class vignette is a a first-class artist; but as such artists
receive high rates of compensation, and can usually find
plenty of employment from the regular companies, counter-
feiters can offer little temptation to induce them to work
for them, and there is also little temptation for artists to
become counterfeiters. It is therefore rare to see fine vign-
ettes on counterfeit notes. That good work is sometimes
found upon such issues is, however, not to be denied; and
some works of a similar character to this have taught
people to rely too much upon the character of the vign-
ettes. Much is said about the appearance of the eyes, hair,
skin, drapery, fingers, toes, etc., leading people to suppose
(12)
I
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
3
these are infallible "guides." The Plates 6 and 8 give fine
specimens of first-class vignettes, which will be readily rec-
ognized by the reader as belonging on the different denomi-
nations of national bills, and all vignettes which fail to
compare well with these should cause the note to be care-
fully examined; but the style of vignette should not be
allowed to overturn judgment based upon the work described
in the first two sections. If that be all genuine, an ordi-
nary vignette cannot make the bill counterfeit, and if that
be counterfeit, no vignette can make the bill genuine. The
vignettes on the backs of the $5, $10, $20, $50, $100,
$500, and $1,000 National Currency Notes are taken from
historical paintings from the U. S. Capitol at Washington,
which are exceedingly lifelike and beautiful. The engraving
on the back of the $5 is the landing of Columbus; on
the back of the $10 is De Soto discovering the Missis-
sippi; on the back of the $20, the baptism of Pocahontas;
on the back of the $50, the embarkation of the Pilgrims;
on the back of the $100, the signing of the Declaration of
Independence; on the back of the $500, the surrender of
Gen. Burgoyne; on that of the $1,000, Washington resign-
ing his commission. Being under the necessity of mutilating
all the dies furnished by the U. S. Treasury Department,
as referred to in the Introduction, I have taken the right
end of back vignette of $5 National Currency, and the
right end of face of $5 National Currency, and the left-hand
half of the back of $10 and the right-hand half of the
$20; also, the left-hand half of the $50 and the right-hand
half of the $100, and the right-hand half of the $500,
and the left-hand half of the $1,000, and put them together,
-
14
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
to preserve their symmetry, instead of mutilating the entire
back. (See Plates 7, 9, and 10.)
On the centre of Plate 4 will be seen the vignette which
appears on the left-hand end of the $5 greenback. At
the right of it is the vignette of the $20 greenback; at
the left is vignette on right end of $10 greenback. The
portraits in Plates 2 and 3, were executed by men at the
head of their profession, and are exceedingly lifelike and
beautiful. Counterfeiters oftener fail in portraits than in out-
door scenes, giving them generally a sunken and lifeless
expression. The vignettes upon the Government issues con-
sist of out-door scenes, historical pictures, portraits, and alle-
gorical figures. All are of exceeding beauty, and it is not
probable that counterfeiters will ever succeed in success-
fully imitating such work. Specimens of all are given, -
the splendid portraits of Chase and Hamilton, on Plate 2,
executed by the National Bank Note Co., of New York,
cannot fail to strike the eye of the most casual observer.
Yet the portrait of Hamilton has been dangerously imitated
on a counterfeit $50 greenback. But it should be under-
stood that, however perfect, a counterfeit cannot be the same
as the original. This portrait of Hamilton, for instance, has
been engraved but once, and all impressions of it upon
Government notes, or in this book, are exact copies of that
one engraving, being all made from it by the transferring
process already described. The same is true of all vignettes
upon Government issues. The figures and likenesses which
form the principal characteristics in vignettes are drawn
in accordance with a certain ideal standard of perfection.
Female figures are generally represented with the arms,
neck, and feet bare; and their accuracy of proportion, and
1
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
15
the delicacy of the work, are important guides in deter-
mining the genuineness of the plates. The texture of the
skin is represented by fine dots and lines, an admixture of
styles of engravings which is to be found in all vignettes,
and the fineness and regularity of these dots and lines
indicate the quality and reliability of the work. In the
human figure, upon genuine plates, the eye, mouth, hair,
and attitude are perfectly natural, and the features are
always sharp and striking. In counterfeits, the features are
usually blurred and expressionless, the eye is dull, the
arms, feet, and hair imperfect, and the dots and lines
which form the face and the exposed portions of the per-
son are large, coarse, and uneven. A careful study of
vignettes is recommended to all who desire to become ex-
pert in the art of detecting counterfeits. A comparison,
therefore, of a supposed counterfeit with the specimens in
this book will show whether it be exactly the same or
not.
1
Į
SOLID PRINT.
""
CAN BE IMITATED.
IN genuine work the lettering is done by a first-class
artist, who makes it his exclusive employment, and there-
fore arrives at a high degree of perfection. The name of
the engraving company is always engraved upon the genu-
ine with great care and accuracy. It will be found on the
upper or lower margin of the bill. In counterfeits, it is
more or less irregular and uneven. The chief use of solid
print is to prevent alterations, as will be hereafter explained.
It is classed as capable of imitation, because a good artist
can engrave it for counterfeiters, if so disposed, as well as
for the regular engraving companies. A specimen of solid
print will be seen on the one dollar greenbacks, with the
words "one dollar" engraved thereon. Much has been said in
some "Detectors about the lettering of "Promise to pay,'
etc., as being nearly infallible. The truth is, however, that
this is of little value, being frequently very neatly done in
counterfeit notes. A portion of the new treasury notes
have the denomination, etc., in very fine letters across a
portion of the face of the bill, -two dollars, two dollars,
U. S., U. S., United States Legal Tender Note, United
States Legal Tender Note, etc., one, one, etc., and ten,
ten, etc. This, in the genuine, produces a perfectly even
shade of black, green, red, or otherwise, according to the
color of ink used; but in the counterfeit cannot be so well
produced; and therefore, the shade will be lighter in some
places, and darker in others.
(1)
""
+
PROCESS OF ENGRAVING BANK NOTES.
When an engraver takes in hand a subject, either a
vignette or portrait, he has it reduced by the camera to
the proper size he wishes to engrave it; he then makes
a tracing of the same by placing
same by placing over the reduction or
drawing a piece of gelatine; he then traces an outline of
the subject with a fine etching tool, slightly scratching the
gelatine. After the tracing is complete, he fills the lines
of the same with red chalk, and then selects a piece of
properly-prepared steel, of the required size and thickness,
and lays upon the polished surface an etching ground,
composed of asphaltum, burgundy-pitch, and beeswax, which
is applied by rubbing and dabbing over the heated die
until it lays smooth over the surface of the steel. He then
smokes the same over a jet of gas, or a wax taper, until
the surface is quite black. After the die cools it is ready
for receiving the tracing, which is placed upon the die
reversed, and submitted to the pressure of the roller-press.
The gelatine is then removed, and the outline, as traced
in red, will be observed on the ground. The engraver then
proceeds with his etching needle or point, and etches the
water or landscape, outlining the figures, etc.; this is done
by scratching the surface of the steel through the compo-
sition or ground. After the etching is completed a border
(17)
¿
18
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
of beeswax and pitch is closed around the etching, and a
solution of nitric acid and water, or other acids used for
corroding steel, is poured. on the die. The acid attacks
the steel through the etched lines, or where the metal is
exposed by the removal of the ground with the point.
After the action of a few minutes with the acid, the same
is removed, and if the biting is of the required depth for
the lighter work, the same is stopped out with a varnish
composed of asphaltum and turpentine; and for the parts
which are to be made darker the process is renewed until
the required depth of line is obtained, when the composi-
tion is removed by turpentine, and the work is finished
by the graver, which is employed exclusively for cutting in
the drapery and flesh, and all the small details.
The principal tools or instruments used by the engraver
are the scraper, burnisher, etching-point, eye-glass, square
and lozenge gravers, ruling machine, and geometrical lathe.
After the die is thus finished it is proved, and is then
ready for the hardening process and the transfer-press.
!
MINOR RULES.
WE will now give some indications which, though not
infallible, are important.
PRINTING.
Genuine bank-notes are always printed with great care.
The plate is covered with ink, which is then carefully
wiped off, excepting what remains in the lines of the en-
graving; the impression is then taken with a powerful
press, with great care and accuracy. This gives a clear
and beautiful impression, which will be more or less want-
ing in counterfeits.
INK.
The ink used in genuine bank-note printing is of pecul-
iar quality, and very difficult for counterfeiters to obtain.
If black, it gives a clear, glossy impression, without any
smutty appearance, such as is sometimes seen in counter-
feits. The green ink used in Government work is almost
impossible to imitate; and the red and other colors are
almost as difficult. Genuine ink of any color has a more
or less clear and glossy appearance, while counterfeit inks
look dull and muddy.
(19)
20
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
PAPER.
Genuine bank-notes are printed upon paper composed of
linen, and it is usually of good quality. It varies much
in thickness, it being sometimes very thin. Persons who
are not acquainted with paper sometimes pronounce the thin
paper poor. It is, also, not impossible for counterfeiters to
procure good paper. Out of twelve counterfeit notes now
lying before us, four are upon very poor paper, two upon
rather poor paper, and six upon very good paper; one at
least of the latter is upon paper of the first quality. It
will be seen, therefore, that the paper, though important,
is not infallible.
SIGNATURES.
The only thing counterfeit about a bill sometimes is the
signatures, the notes having been stolen before they were
signed. There can be, of course, no sure protection against
this for all. Those who are well acquainted with the sig-
natures of the officers of the bank where bills are stolen
may not be deceived, as imitated signatures have a more
or less cramped and unsteady appearance; but those who
live at a distance cannot possess this knowledge.
I
ALTERED BANK-NOTES.
BANK NOTES are altered by raising the denomination.
Denominations are altered, first, by pasting. Figures or
letters of larger denomination are pasted over the denomi-
nations of the note to be altered, first scraping the genuine
until thin. This can frequently be discovered by simply
examining it with a little care, and always by holding the
suspected note up to the light, when, if pasted, the pasted
parts will be darker, because thicker. A counterfeit $50
greenback has been recently made to look like a genuine,
by pasting on a portrait of Hamilton, cut from a genuine
$2 greenback.
Second, by taking out the denomination of the genuine
with an acid, and printing in a higher with a counterfeit
die. In this case, the ink will not be the same as the
original; neither will the work compare with the original.
Another indication is that the acid will spread a little,
taking out more than the counterfeiter intended, so that
parts of the neighboring letters will be more or less injured.
The paper, also, will be either bleached or stained by the
acid, as can be seen most plainly upon the back.
In the United States bills, or greenbacks, the ones, twos,
and threes have a circle of green lines radiating from the
denomination. This circle can be found on no larger notes
than threes, if genuine. This is an additional safeguard
against altering United States notes. The solid print will
also be found defective.
(21)
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HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
The second kind of alteration that of broken banks to
good ones sometimes requires a close examination to de-
tect them; but a good understanding of the principles here
taught will secure any one from deception. To make this
change, the name of the Bank and signatures of the officers
always have to be removed, and new ones inserted, and gen-
erally the name of the Town and sometimes of the State are
also changed. These must be removed by acid, and the work
inserted will be counterfeit, and will be recognized as such
by an application of the principles already taught. If the
letters are shaded, it will be done by hand and not by the
ruling engine, and will have the imperfections described in
Ruling Work. If solid print, the counterfeit will have the
faults given under that head. Sometimes only a part of
the name is changed, and then the contrast between the
counterfeit and the part not changed is more evident. There
will also be marks of the acid, the same marks mentioned
above, and the counterfeit signatures are apt to be faded,
from some acid remaining in the paper, after removing the
original signature.
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GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
IN receiving bank-bills, first look at the general appearance
of the bill, casting your eye across it, and if anything is
wrong, it will probably catch your eye. Then examine the
various parts more perfectly, examining the geometrical lathe
work. Then examine the shading of the letters, -the ruling
engine work, and look for any indication of alteration in
the title or denomination of the note. Examine the Vignettes
and Portraits, noticing whether their style and perfection com-
pare well with the standard work of the plates, and whether
they are exactly the same. If there is engine ruling in the
sky or water, you will have an additional proof. An exam-
ination of the solid print and engravers' names will confirm
the decision, whatever it may be; and the printing, ink, and
paper may also be considered in making a full decision.
Such an examination of a note, with a very little practice,
and a frequent reference to these standard plates, will secure
any man of ordinary observation and intelligence against de-
ception.
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PARTICULAR DIRECTIONS.
FRACTIONAL CURRENCY.
1
DETECTING COUNTERFEIT GREENBACKS, NATIONAL CURRENCY NOTES, AND
"
(24)
IN receiving the note, look at the general appearance, and
if it is not perfectly satisfactory, compare it with the corre-
sponding work in the book, as you will find parts of all the
circulating notes (Greenbacks, National, and Fractional Cur-
rency, up to $1,000) in this work, and if, on comparison, it
does not come up fully to the standard, it must be counter-
feit. One of the most successful counterfeits ever executed
is the $50 U. S. Greenback, which has deceived some of the
most experienced. Certain parts of the genuine work are in
this book, on Plate No. 2; and a person, having the book
and magnifier, can, upon comparison, discover the difference
at once.
In presenting to the public two plates of Scrip, or Frac-
tional Currency, we wish to say that the 50 cent Scrip (which
is the second on the plates) is the best executed counterfeit
ever issued. It was engraved by a man who was an expert
in the art, as thousands who have been made dupes to his
nefarious designs can testify. He was finally arrested by the
Secret Service Division, convicted, his plates secured, and his
illegal business broken up.
REMARKS.
WE will add here a few suggestions, hints, and items,
which, although important, could not be added elsewhere
without confusing the mind of the learner.
GENUINE DIES
DIES ON COUNTERFEIT BILLS.
A genuine lathe die will sometimes be seen on a counter-
feit bill. The die so used may have been stolen, although
that is very difficult to do, as all such work is guarded by
the best of safes and other protections. These dies, how-
ever, do not render the other work genuine. The ruling
of the letters, solid print, in short, all the other work on
the bill will be counterfeit, -and a single piece of counter-
feit work condemns the bill.
CHECK BACKS.
The work upon the back of bills is usually done by the
geometrical lathe, and therefore comes under Lathe Work.
A beautiful specimen of check back is seen upon the
Government notes, the 'greenbacks." In attempting to
alter such bills, the acid strikes through and destroys part
(25)
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26
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
}
PIECING.
of the back, which cannot be replaced. If the alteration
be in the denomination, it will have to be altered in the
back, also, as it is usually expressed there, and such an
alteration would be likely to stain through upon the face.
It will sometimes be noticed that two bank-notes that should
be alike differ somewhat in size, one being a little shorter
than the other; and this may excite some suspicion. It is.
owing, however, to a little shrinkage of the paper, after print-
ing, and happens as often to genuine bills as any.
}
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I
Some counterfeiters make ten bills of nine, by cutting a
counterfeit note into ten pieces; one of these pieces is pasted
into a genuine bill, cutting out a piece of the genuine of the
same size. In pasting nine genuine bills in this manner, nine
pieces are obtained, which, with one piece of counterfeit, will
make a tenth bill, which is the profit. Banks will redeem the
genuine parts of such bills at their fractional value. This
operation is not a very successful one, as the difference be-
tween the counterfeit and the genuine will be very evident
to any one who possesses a knowledge of the art here taught.
To hide this difference, they generally deface the counterfeit
part somewhat, and give the note a worn appearance.
The new National Currency, which has wholly taken the
1
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HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
27
place of all other issues, except United States notes, is sup-
posed by some to be entirely secure from counterfeiting, and,
therefore, that no knowledge of detecting will be necessary,
and no care in receiving such bills will be required. Such,
however, is not the case. It is true that the remarkable
excellence and abundance of the work upon the Govern-
ment and National Currency, and the difficulty of imitating
the green, will render counterfeiting very difficult. It should
be remembered that this currency offers great inducements to
counterfeiters, and a successful counterfeit will repay great
outlay and care, for two reasons: first, the greenbacks will
go anywhere in the United States, and if a counterfeit be-
comes known in one State or section, it can be taken to
another; while counterfeits on local banks, when once known,
are killed; and second, a plate may be prepared to counter-
feit the currency of the National Bank in one town, may
be run
upon that till known, and then with simply a
change in the title of the bank, be immediately changed
to another bank, and thus, as fast as it becomes known,
can go through all the banks in the United States, thus
having an opportunity for sixteen hundred changes, thereby
increasing the chances of success sixteen hundred times.
The fifty cent postal and fractional currency is already
freely counterfeited; yet hundreds of such counterfeits pass
without any question, where the application of the first rule
in this work would detect the fraud; the lathe work would
condemn them in an instant.
G
These facts are not mentioned to depreciate our new cur-
rency in any way, but to warn the public against a false
security, and thus most effectually head off the rascally
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1
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
authors of counterfeit issues, by forewarning and forearming
the people. Every man, woman, and child has occasion to
handle more or less money; and if all would possess them-
selves of the knowledge here taught, counterfeiting would
soon become a profitless business. We want to see a knowl-
edge of this art in every place of business,—yes, in every
house and cottage in the country. It has long been our
business and our pleasure to forewarn and defend the peo-
ple against the miscreants who tamper with the commercial
life-blood of the nation, defrauding the poor, the widows,
and the fatherless of their scanty store, and giving to all
vexation and loss in place of security and profit; and we
hope to still further disarm and paralyze them, by a more
general diffusion of the knowledge of this art, by means
of this work. Vigilant officers of police may do much to
guard the community, but their most painstaking vigilance
is not always successful; while a general knowledge of de-
tecting bank-notes by the engraving will root out the very fangs
of the serpent, -Counterfeiting.
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LEGAL TENDERS.
The bill, authorizing the issue of United States Legal
Tender Notes, was originated by Hon. E. G. Spaulding, of
New York. This measure met with a vigorous opposition,
alike from those who clung to past theories of finance,
with reason or without; from parties whose private inter-
ests would be better served the greater the public distress;
and from those who secretly or openly desired the triumph
of the Rebellion; but it was supported by the leading men
and best minds of the country, as the only practicable
method of solving the financial problem.
This
The bill passed Congress February 25, 1862, authorizing
the issue of $150,000,000, in legal tender notes.
amount was increased by subsequent acts, until $450,000,000
had been issued.
Previous to the war, there were sixteen hundred local
banking institutions in the United States, operating under
State laws. On the first day of January, 1861, the ag-
gregate circulation of these
these banks was estimated to be
$202,000,767, of which amount the loyal States held three-
quarters, or $10,000,000. This circulation constituted a
loan from the people to the banks, costing the banks noth-
ing except the expense of issue and redemption, and the
interest upon the amount of specie which might actually
(29)
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30
1
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HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
:
be kept on hand for the latter purpose. By the issue of
United States notes, the advantages of such inexpensive,
non-interest bearing loans were transferred from the banks,
representing only the interests of stockholders, to the Gov-
ernment, representing the aggregate interests of the whole
people. By the investiture of these notes with the debt
solving power, making them a legal tender for all debts,
public and private, in the United States, they became at
once the competent and favorite currency of the people,
irrespective of State divisions; and being founded upon the
whole property of the nation, through the power of the
Government to tax that property to its full amount for their
security, no question has ever arisen, as none ever can
arise, unless in the minds of willing traitors to their coun-
try, of the absolute validity of these notes; in other words,
of the faith of the American Government of the solvency
of the American people.
1
NATIONAL GOLD NOTES.
The same plate now employed in printing the National
bank notes will be used for the gold notes.
The only
change in the
where the words
the wording will be that where
"National Currency" appear at the top of the present
notes, the words "National Gold Notes
the promise to pay will specify that
to the bearer in gold. They will be
will
will appear; and
the note is payable
printed on yellow or
buff paper.
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POSTAL AND FRACTIONAL CURRENCY.
Acts of July 17, 1862, March 3, 1863, and January 30, 1867.
By Act of Congress of July 17, 1862, the Secretary of
the Treasury was authorized to issue notes of the fractional
part of one
one dollar, receivable in payment of all dues,
except customs, less than five dollars, and exchangeable
for United States notes in sums not less than five dollars.
Amount of issue not specified.
The Act of March 3, 1863, authorized the preparation
and issue of fractional notes (in lieu of postage or other
stamps then used as currency), exchangeable for United
States notes in sums not less than three dollars, and re-
ceivable for postage and revenue stamps, and also in pay-
ment of any dues to the United States less than five
dollars, except imports. The whole amount of postal
currency authorized under this act, including postage and
stamps used
as currency, was not to exceed
revenue
$50,000,000.
The Act of June 30, 1864, authorized the Secretary of
the Treasury to provide for the engraving, preparation, and
issue of notes of the fractions of a dollar; to adopt safe-
guards against counterfeiting; and to make regulations for
the redemption of fractional and other notes when mutilated
or defaced; and for the receipt of fractional notes for
debts to the United States, except customs. not
over five
"
(31)
17
32
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
dollars, and extending the provisions of the act to all
other fractional notes previously authorized, and to postal
currency and postage stamps used as currency, but con-
tinuing the limitation of the total amount to be issued at
$50,000,000.
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NATIONAL BANKS.
By the National-Currency Act the Government guarantees
the currency, and limits the amount to $300,000,000; re-
quires it to be well secured by gold-bearing Government
bonds deposited with the Treasurer of the United States,
with a margin of ten per cent; requires each bank to
redeem its own notes in lawful money on demand, and to
keep an adequate reserve for that purpose; makes it a
legal tender for all taxes and other dues to the Govern-
ment except customs, and for all salaries and other dues
owing by the Government within the United States, except
the principal and interest of the funded debt. It also
makes it receivable by each National Bank for all ordi-
nary debts due them; and each bank designated as a
Depository is also required to receive it on deposit from
all public offices. These provisions in the law operate to
nationalize and de-centralize this currency. The United
States Government tax of ten per cent on all State bank-
bills effectually kills the issues of all State institutions, and
consequently, the national currency, with all these advan-
tages, has a wide circulation all over the United States,
and connected as it is with the Greenback Legal Tender
Notes, they together are the measure of value in carrying
on the internal commerce of the country.
(33)
•
*
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I
REDEMPTION OF MUTILATED TREASURY NOTES
AND CURRENCY.
Under the rules of the United States Treasury, all
mutilated United States notes are redeemed, according to
the degree of mutilation. A note, with a certain portion
of its superficial surface torn off, is never redeemed at its
full value, but in proportion to the quantity of superficial
surface presented for redemption. Since greenbacks were
introduced, the redemption division of the Treasury
Treasury has
been constantly engaged in redeeming this mutilated cur-
rency; and an account of the discount has been kept,
which shows an aggregate up to the present date of
$186,693, which the Government has thus saved, all of
which has, of course,
of course, come out of the pockets of the
A
holders.
In order to avoid such loss, and, at the same time, to
secure fresh and clean
clean currency in general circulation,
business men should retain all soiled and defaced United
States currency, and send it to the Treasury for redemp-
tion through National Banks, designated as depositories.
Post-masters, Collectors of Internal Revenue and their depu-
ties, can also forward United States currency by express
to the Treasurer for redemption, in sums of $100, or
more, at the expense of the Department. Mutilated, soiled
and defaced National Bank Notes will only be redeemed
by the banks of issue except when such banks are in
liquidation.
(34)
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COUNTERFEITS.
The preceding full-faced impressions are from the most dangerous
counterfeit plates captured by the Government, and were seized by
the Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department.
Plate 13, Counterfeit $20 National Bank Note. An impression
from a counterfeit plate, recently captured by Col. Whitley, Chief
of the Secret Service. The border and lettering on the face of
the note is very beautifully done, and if the vignettes on the ends
were a little better it would make an exceedingly dangerous note.
You will notice the counterfeiter had commenced to change the
title of the bank. The back, excepting the picture, is well done,
and you cannot be too particular in your comparisons with sec-
tional parts of GENUINE on plates 5, 8, and 9-most people would
not hesitate to take this note.
(35)
36
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTEREEIT DETECTOR.
Plate 15, $100 Counterfeit Treasury Note, known as Greenbacks.
An impression from a plate recently captured by the Secret Service
of the Treasury Department, which we consider a very dangerous.
counterfeit, and very liable to deceive persons who are not thorough
cxperts, and who have not made the different branches of bank-note
engraving a study. By a careful comparison, with the aid of the
lens, with the $100 die, on plate 2, you will soon discover wherein
the counterfeiter fails; also, by a careful examination of all parts of
the note, following all instructions laid down in this work.
Plate 16, $5 Counterfeit Treasury Note, known as Greenbacks.
An impression from a new counterfeit plate, recently captured by the
Secret Service of the Treasury Department; the back is remarkably
well done and very liable to deceive. The general appearance of the
face of the note is good, and would deceive people who are not
experts. By a careful comparison with 5, die and portrait on plate
3, and with the left end vignette on plate 4, you will readily be able
to give your reasons why it is not genuine, always bearing in mind
that the art of detecting counterfeits consists in BECOMING THOR-
OUGHLY FAMILIAR WITH GENUINE WORK, AND IN BRINGING ANY NEW
OR UNTESTED NOTE ΤΟ A CRITICAL
WITH A PLATE
COMPARISON
KNOWN TO BE GENUINE.
*
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MICROSCOPIC OR MAGNIFYING GLASS.
THE beautiful fine lines required in the engraving of all
bank-bills, even in moderately well-executed counterfeits re-
quire the aid of the microscopic glass, and sometimes a
microscope of great power is absolutely indispensable in order
to discern the genuine line, and discriminate between the true
and the false work. The ordinary magnifying glass now in
use by banks has failed, in many instances, to bring out
this delicate work sufficiently to detect some of the late
skilfully-executed counterfeits. In order, therefore, to meet
this difficulty, I have, after much labor, invented a combina-
tion Micro-telescopic Glass, and secured letters patent on
the same, which is designed for use and sale with the
"Detector."
This glass is a fine magnifier, a powerful microscope, and
good field
glass. By a simple change, this instrument is
convertible into either one of the above-named glasses, and
is very useful at all times, and for other purposes than the
detection of counterfeits, and will be worth the cost for
family use.
Fig. 1 shows the Glass as put up for sale. Fig. 2 shows
it as a microscope. In using it for this purpose you must
have a good light, and have it shine direct on the object
you wish to examine, first placing the object on a piece of
(37)
4
38
HEATH'S INFALLIBLE COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR.
white paper; then adjust the glass to the right focus by
sliding the smaller section. Fig. 3 shows the section used
for examining notes and other things of a like description.
Fig. 4 shows it as used for a spy-glass.
These glasses, now being manufactured in Paris, will be
furnished with or without the "Detector," by mail, pre-paid,
at the following prices: --
Lower Section or Magnifying Portion, $1.50.
Upper Section combining Microscopic and Telescopic, $3.50.
Making the whole "Combination Glass" $5.00.
If only one section is wanted at first, the other portion
Ban be ordered at any future time.
1
Fig. 4.

Fig. 2.

WARRENTAL
As a Field Glass.
Fig. 1.
Kajf van 1 mm Kapat me
May mga magn, deveni p
LA DATE AND A
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Laban Heath
Patent May 1.1866
Laban Heath
Patent May 1 1866
FELINQUENT
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As a Compound Microscope, Magnifying 1000 Diameters.

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Compact in Box.
Fig. 3.
Laban Heath
Patent May 11866
DADANOS
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For Examining
Seeds & Bank Notes.
DELAGHER MINI TEND
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1
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.
SERGEANT AT ARMS OFFICE,
U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
LABAN HEATH, Esq., has spent much time and labor in the per-
fection of his system for the detection of Counterfeit Currency,
and, if properly encouraged by those most interested, I have no
doubt will be able to aid the public materially in driving out of
existence the numerous dangerous Counterfeits that are now afloat.
I can cheerfully recommend Mr. Heath as an upright, energetic
man.
N. G. ORDWAY,
Sergeant at Arms, U. S. House of Representatives.
I concur in the foregoing recommendation.
BOSTON, MASS.
¦
CHARLES B. HALL,
Secretary of the Association of Banks for the suppression of
Counterfeiting.
U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Į
(39)
The undersigned, having examined the Proof Sheets and Plates
of Heath's "Government Detector," concur in the utility of his
system, and cheerfully recommend his work.
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ነ
RECOMMENDATIONS.
Hiram Price, President State Bank, Iowa, M. C., 2d Dist.,
Iowa.
J. B. Grinnell, M. C., 4th Dist., Iowa.
T. W. Ferry, Banker, and M. C., 4th Dist., Michigan.
Charles Upsom, M. C., 2d Dist., Michigan.
Columbus Deleno, President 1st National Bank, Mount Vernon,
and M. C., 13th Dist., Ohio.
James M. Ashley, M. C., 10th Dist., Ohio.
Francis C. LeBlond, M. C., 5th Dist., Ohio.
Sidney Clark, M. C., Kansas.
Delos R. Ashley, M. C., Nevada.
Thomas N. Stillwell, Cashier 1st National Bank of Anderson,
and M. C., 11th Dist., Indiana.
Godlove S. Orth, M. C., 8th Dist., Indiana.
Shelby M. Cullum, M. C., 8th Dist., Illinois.
John Wentworth, M. C., 1st Dist., Illinois.
General H. E. Paine, M. C., 1st Dist., Wisconsin.
Philetus Sawyer, M. C., 5th Dist., Wisconsin.
Henry T. Blow, M. C., 2d Dist., Missouri.
John Hogan, M. C., 1st Dist., Missouri.
George W. Anderson, M. C., 9th Dist., Missouri.
Ignatius Donnelly, M. C., 2d Dist., Minnesota.
Adam J. Glossbrenner, M. C., 15th Dist., Pennsylvania.
•
Myers Strouse, M. C., 10th Dist., Pennsylvania.
George V. Lawrence, M. C., 24th Dist., Pennsylvania.
Edmund Cooper, M. C., 4th Dist., Tennessee.
Samuel McKee, M. C., 9th Dist., Kentucky.
General Lovell H. Rousseau, M. C., 5th Dist., Kentucky.
Charles E. Phelps, M. C., 3d Dist., Maryland.
John L. Thomas, M. C., 2d Dist., Maryland.
John A. Nicholson, M. C., Dover, Delaware.
George Latham, M. C., 2d Dist., Western Virginia.
John F. Starr, M. C., 1st Dist., New Jersey.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
William A. Newell, M. C., 2d Dist., New Jersey.
John H. D. Henderson, M. C., Oregon.
Į
D. C. McRuer, M. C., California.
Theodore M. Pomroy, M. C., 24th Dist., N. Y., and Chairman
Com. on Banking and Currency.
P. W. Hitchcock, Delegate in Congress, Nebraska.
ce
ee
er
W. H. Hooper,
Arthur H. Denny,
Samuel McLean,
J. F. Chaves,
John N. Goodwin,
5
William E. Dodge, M. C., 8th Dist., New York.
Daniel Morris, M. C., 25th Dist., New York.
John A. Griswold, President Troy City National Bank, and M.
C., 15th Dist., New York.
Calvin T. Hulburd, M. C., 17th Dist., New York.
Hamilton Ward, M. C.. 27th Dist., New York.
Henry C. Deming, M. C., 1st. Dist., Connecticut.
Augustus Brandegee, M. C., 3d Dist., Connecticut.
James G. Blaine, M. C., 3d Dist., Maine.
Samuel Hooper, M. C., 4th Dist., Massachusetts.
Thomas A. Jencks, M. C., 1st Dist., Rhode Island.
James W. Patterson, M. C., 3d Dist., New Hampshire.
Edward H. Rollins, M. C., 2d Dist., New Hampshire.
Portus Baxter, M. C., 3d Dist., Vermont.
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Utah.
Ter'y of Washington.
Montana.
New Mexico.
Arizona.
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EXAMINE YOUR BONDS AND BE SURE THEY ARE GENUINE, WHILE THE PARTIES OF
WHOM THEY WERE PURCHASED ARE WITHIN REACH,
The American Bond Detector,
AND COMPLETE HISTORY OF
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES.
Issued under the sanction of the United States Treasury Department.
The work contains a complete history of all bonds issued by the United States
Government, commencing with those authorized under Act of Congress July 21, 1841,
and closing with those issued under Act of March 3, 1868, known as the Five-Twen-
ties of 1868, with complete illustrations, printed from the original plates, in original
tints of the bonds, with coupons attached, issued under Acts of Congress from July
17, 1861, to March 3, 1868; making in all twenty beautiful plates, 10 by 13 1-2 inches,
illustrating fifty bonds of different denominations. It also contains the one thousand
dollar five-twenty ($1000 5-20) counterfeit bond, printed from the plate recently
captured by the Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department, with the facts
and incidents connected with the arrest of the counterfeiters, and capture of the
plate, bonds, etc., etc. Also, the Pacific Railroad bonds, together with the whisky,
beer, and cigar revenue stamps.
In addition to the above the work contains nine plates, 10 by 13 1-2 inches, illus-
trating the obverse and reverse of a large portion of the coinage of the world. Also
valuable and important statistics from the archives of the nation, etc., etc.
The illustrations in this work are printed at the United States Treasury Depart
ment, from the original dies in the possession of the Government, and are executed
expressly for this purpose, by the authority and direction of the Secretary of the
Treasury. They are printed upon soft, thick plate paper, which brings out the
(42)
•
THE AMERICAN BOND DETECTOR.
1
¦
t
engraving more clearly and distinctly than the thin paper upon which bonds are
printed, thus enabling examinations and comparisons to be made with greater ease
and certainty than by the use of other bonds for that purpose, at the same time
relieving bankers and dealers in securities from the inconvenience of keeping an
assortment of all issues and denominations constantly on hand for the purpose of
reference.
LABAN HEATH & CO.,
Being desirous of making this work unquestionably reliable, the publishers have
spared neither pains nor expense in procuring the best talent the country afforded for
that purpose. They have, in its preparation, relied chiefly upon the officers con-
nected with the United States Treasury Department, all of whom have cheerfully
rendered every assistance in their power to insure a successful consummation of the
undertaking. They desire to acknowledge their obligations to Ex-Secretary Hon.
Hugh McCulloch, and to the Hon. George S. Boutwell, Secretary of the Treasury,
Judge Wm. A. Richardson and John F. Hartley, Esq., Assistant Secretaries; Wm.
H. West, Esq., Chief Clerk, Gen'l. Francis E. Spinner, United States Treasurer,
Hon. H. R. Hulburd, Comptroller of the Currency, and John Jay Knox, Esq.,
Assistant Comptroller; Hon. E. C. Banfield, Solicitor of the Treasury, and Col H.
C. Whitley, Chief of the Secret Service Division. To Geo. B. McCartee, Esq.,
Superintendent of the Printing Bureau, George W. Casilear, Esq., Chief of the
Engraving Department, A. B. Mullett, Esq, Supervising Architect, W. H. Andrews
and J. R. Bigelow, Esqs., of the Loan Branch, and W. H. Coleman, Esq., Chief
of Division in the Secretary's Office, they are deeply indebted for the great interest
manifested to insure its success. To many others, not connected with the Govern-
ment service, their acknowledgments are tendered, among whom are Jay Cooke, Esq.,
Hon. E. G. Spaulding, Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, late Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury, Hon. Charles B. Hall, Cashier of the Boston National Bank, and Secre-
tary of the Association of Banks for the suppression of counterfeiting; Hon. Hiram
Price, formerly President of the State Bank of Iowa, Hon. John J. Cisco, J. W.
Le Barnes, Esq., and James Ross Snowden, Esq., formerly Director of the United
States Mint, Philadelphia.
For further particulars send for full descriptive circular.
This work will be sold only by subscription and authorized agents. Upon receipt
of $16, a copy of the work will be forwarded, free of expense, to any address.
30 Hanover Street, Boston, Mass.

plate excel
$5 Green Back.
$10 Green Back
Plate 3.
$20 Green Back
20
$10 Green Back
AMERICAY BANKNOTE COMPANY.
$10 National Currency.
10
$5 Green Back.
UNIV
OF
40

$10 Green Back
Plate J.
$5 Green Back
RIBUS UNUM
AMERICAY BANKNOTE COMPANY.


$20 Green Back
PAYABLE
THE TREASURY OF THE U.S.
AT NEW YORK

UNIL
OF

$2 National Currency
Mapem
NATIONAL BANK NOTE C:NEW YORK

Plate 6.
Section of Lange Figure on
$2 National Currency.
29

$1National Currency

$1National Currency
AMERICAN BANK NOTE
UNIL
OF
MICH

PLATE 7.
Right end of face of $5 National Currency.
66
NCY.
BONDS OF
UPES
LGTDE6
immer
Fruited States.
149
FIVE
CAMMA FIVE ART 5 ARMY FIVE
ENGRAVED BY THE CONTINENTAL BANKNOTE COMPANY, NEW YORK.
Right end of back vignette, $5 National Currency
UNI
OF
Z

$10.
Vignettes on National Currency Notes
$20.
Plate 8.


LOYALTY
Pres!
1707
$50.
VICTORY
Pres
AMERICAY BANKNOTE COMPANYS
MAINTAIN
IT!
THE
UNION




UNIL
OF
AL
H
Plate 9.
Leftend of Back $50
National Currency
Rightend of Back $100
National Currency.

Eng by the Amerled MABLEK Note Co.N.1
Left end of Back $10
National Currency.
Right end of Back $20
National Currency.

DE SOTO DISCOVERING POCAHONTAS.
606311ra Eng by the American
American Bank Note Company
UA
O

1000
NATIONAL
CURRENCY
Right & Left ends
of face of
$1000.
45
Left end of back: $1000.
Plate 10
WASHINGTON RESIGNINGI
Eng by the National Bank
NATI
Right end of back $500
ROF GEN BURGOYNE.
National Bank Note Co.NI.
Left & Right ends
offace of
$500
1000
ENGRAVED
By the
BANK NOTE CINEW YORK
500
ARRIVAL OF THE SIRIUS 1838
OF

UNITED
NATIONAL CURRENCY
UNIECED TALL
Plate l
FIRST
NATIONAL BANK OF
WASHINGTON:
TEN DOLLARS

20
THE
IS
STATES
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
20
SUGTH BEMOK
EXCHANGE BANK
Will Pay
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS
First National Bank
Townsend National Bank



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