* * * * * * * * * * * * * * , “ sº * * * * * * * * * * * *.* C - * * *.*, ** * * ** * * * *.xsº tº a “ º a wº e ºſ wº -º-º: a ºf * * * º - - - - - - - * * G C * * * I tº º G --~ - * ** *** *** *** - - - * * * * *f; º a tº * * * *.* * > *.sv s = a- ºr wº w * * * * * * * * * * * - * * * tº ºvº º a - ºw - ſº wº º ** * * * * * * * tºº sº * * P & º º * * * * * * * * * * * > * ſº " sº a - * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * •,• * * * * * * * * - sº ee e s tº a tº a z º. * * * * * * * * * * ºf 4 º' ****, ºr, A ***'. * * * * * * **, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - As a - a as a as a ºn tº r. zºº. . . . . . . . . a. s. * , , , , , , a a ". * * * *v star. ". . . . * * * * * [. **** º a s : ºf r2 - a a * * * * **, * * * * zº * * * * * * a z - ºr º A wº * * * * ºr a wº wrºs. º ºs = reºrge ºvarº * ..., " , sº º f : * * * * * * ſº a º º, sº sº a was "a ~se as as a sº r rºarº º , , , a, , , , , , , , , , , , , i.v., sº sº, a cast. … • cºast sºº, ºr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *w-ºr swºre ºn-wºº wº , a. a sºrº sº sºº zººs - a sº., a 2- . . . . . . as ºr a zºº, sº a twº • * . . . . * * * * * * * * * vº.: sº a 2 s sº a via was a “wº º'essºr ºvº º Aº º 9 * * * * * * tº ſo . . . , i.e. a- tº a ºn * - as zºº.º.º.w.. ser, * … rºe ºvº's * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . sºvo sº ºr, ºr , sº 5 * * * ºfºº * - [. w - - º º a * * * * * * * * ***. “a " “d & 5 * * * º, sº * ºr r * * * * - * * * * * Yº'º "wº D tº º' as wººza ºw ºw sº a sº- ºr a resºzº was ºr - * * * * * * * * * * ***** sº ºv, sº ºwtº trava * 2:...sº sº-.… < y, a was sº ** **, * * * * * * * * * * * * v- sº Sºv's” º sº º sº. **, * * * ºwººarsº a sº-wºº's g G - a “garºº rºw vºº ºr ſº ºr ºs ºr ºivº ** **śrºvºº “º * Jººz - ºr tº a tº gº a rºws ºf ºw. “º º sº vºws tº wa ya ºr " * * *** º ºr sº an ºvarº assº wº º tº assº a '•' " ...a...e.” ” - º * * ******* º ". . . - " " . . - * . - D via * * tº ºverwºe tº a º º .*.*. " . - -- º - - - - - - . . . . . - ww. º - “... sº 2, "' w • * : * > ** * * * *** **wutº sº. Atasu ºr º G - - --- - ſº - * : * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * * * v- ºf , ºw" Sºra ººra ºrºgre º “s a 1 : * 'w tº ***, fºr rºº' -- wº tº sº rºº sº gº wº & " : º * * * * **** ******* ºve sº º **, ºvºsº. *ſ ºr º Kº: ºf was ºw a & ºriº ºn tariº i. J. Prepared and Submitted by: Orion L. Birdsall, Chairman Mary Anderson Audet Charles Friedman Myke Holland William Kennedy Frank Ng Nº Department of the Treasury #RHA"). Internal Revenue Service Larry Norris James O'Malley i_arz Pearson Joan ROsenmarke Judy Warren Theodora K. Watts Document 7035 (6-85) TABLE OF CONTENTs Background Page 1 Introduction Page 2 Linkages Page 9 Operating Principles Page 13 Human Resources Capacities Page 17 - Information Page 17 - Planning and Evaluation Page 19 – Marketing Page 22 - Production Page 24 - Government Liaison Page 27 Implementation Strategy Page 28 Exhibits Exhibit l Human Resources Mission Statement Exhibit 2 Environmental Scanning Sub-Group Report Exhibit 3 Strategic Plan Sub-Group Report Exhibit 4 Outside Organizations Sub-Group Report Exhibit 5 Human Resources Capacity Schema Note: This report represents the opinions and conclusions of those who prepared it, and does not represent the position of the Internal Revenue Service. Acknowledgements: The task force offers a special thanks to Tatika Mitchell, Edith Jackson and Kathleen Huddleston for their assistance. BACKGROUND In January, 1985 the Human Resources organization (HR) developed a new statement of its mission and philosophy. At the same time, the Deputy Assistant Commissioner (Human Resources) convened the Human Resources Organizational Effectiveness Task Force, which included representatives of the seven Human Resources components. The task force members were: Orion L. Birdsall, Chairman, Mary Anderson Audet, Charles Friedman, Myke Holland, William Kennedy, Frank Ng, Larry Norris, James O'Malley, Larz Pearson, and Joan Rosenmarkle'. Theodora K. Watts served as facilitator and consultant to the group, and Judy Warren provided staff assistance. The new Human Resources Mission Statement departed from the usual style of articulating operational ideals or norms and prescribing the range of current, major activities. Its tone was more philosophic and prospective and placed a premium on a future-oriented and proactive Human Resources organization. A copy of the Mission Statement is attached as Exhibit 1. The Organizational Effectiveness Task Force was initially established to investigate the broad implications of the Mission Statement for the organization and operations of Human Resources . In addition, the prospects of significant budget reductions in Human Resources staffing increased the urgency of reviewing the organization's operations. The overriding question to be considered was ; what operational capacities will need to be developed, enhanced, limited, or removed if the Human Resources organization is to be what the Mission Statement says it wants to be? The Task Force 's charter did not include the design of the Human Resources organizational structure, and because of time constraints, was limited to the National Office Human Resources organization. The Task Force realizes, however, that the recommendations presented in this report will have significant implications for both organizational structure and for the field operations which will need to be addressed during the implementation phase or by other study groups. INTRODUCTION Given the general and philosophic tenor of the Mission Statement, the Task Force divided into three sub-groups to investigate and report on areas with potential for more definite direction for long range Human Resources issues, organizational requirements, and operational models. They were: – environmental scans and projections; – IRS Strategic Plan; and – the policies and practices of public and private sector organizations acknowledged to be models of innovation or excellence in Human Resources management. The reports of these sub-groups are available as Exhibits 2, 3 and 4 to this report. Although written from differing perspectives, these reports were remarkably similar in the kinds of critical issues and needs that they identified. First, critical issues and needs that are confronting or will confront the Service as a whole were identified. These represent a notable challenge both to the ability of the Service to carry out its mission in the future, as well as to the adequacy of current ways of doing business. Any more effective, future oriented Human Resources organization will have to address these same critical issues/needs from the perspective of its own mission and competence within the Service. These needs are fully congruent with the organizational norms established by the new Human Resources Mission Statement. A very narrow interpretation of the critical issues identified by the three sub-groups suggests that the future Human Resources organization will have to develop new products and services to fulfill its responsibilities. A broader interpretation is that in order to provide new products and services and to ensure that they are the most effective ones, new capacities and ways of doing business will have to be installed in the Human Resources organization. The Task Force concentrated its efforts on this large scale, total organization COntext. For example, from their different perspectives, all three sub-group reports focused on the Service 's need for increased accountability for its human resources. This accountability included better cost accounting, employee development initiatives, and evaluation of human resources use. A narrow approach would be to invent specific policies or programs to address each of these needs on an individual basis. The broader approach adopted and advocated by the Task Force is to look at the Human Resources organization as a whole and to ask: what capacities should the organization have to meet these needs and other needs in a comprehensive, consistent and more timely fashion? Since these critical issues/needs confront the total IRS organization, a new Human Resources way of doing business would have at least three advantages: 1. The resulting Human Resources organization would not only be able to respond more effectively to specific needs of client organizations, but would also be able to anticipate and plan for needs those organizations may not yet fully be aware of . 2. To the extent that the recommendations produce an organization with increased efficiency and effectiveness, and with more attractive products, it could become a model for increased organizational effectiveness throughout the Service, and a prototype of a new way of doing business. 3. To the extent that the capacities incorporated are valuable and powerful, it offers an opportunity to enhance the profile of Human Resources and to advocate strategies of organizational change to the whole Service. The future Human Resources organization would become an effective agent of change. The future Human Resources organization will need to have two general characteristics. The first of these is increased organizational flexibility. The organization will need to be more open to revision and operate as an ongoing experiment. This principle must be institutionalized, so that it becomes a function of the organization itself and not merely of incumbency in certain management roles. Some of the risks involved in such an operation can be lessened by an enhanced capacity for timely, on-line evaluation. The second general characteristic is that of boundary permeability. The present cumbersome and compartmentalized organization and method of operation impedes the agility needed for the future. Cross functional interactions, inputs and products should be required, and should be facilitated by the organization and operations. Certain patterns emerged from the analysis of the sub-group reports. The critical issues/needs converged into five general categories. Each of these represents an imperative for a new or improved Human Resources organizational capacity. The diversity of the issues/needs are represented by the range of activities grouped under each category. Since none of these capacities is unique to the IRS, the Task Force used standard business terminology to designate them • The five capacities are: an information capacity a planning and evaluation capacity - a marketing capacity a production capacity a government liaison capacity A schema of these capacities is provided as Exhibit 5, and some indications of their typical linkages and interactions are provided later in this report. A brief overview of each capacity follows. More detailed information is presented in separate sections of this report devoted to each capacity . Information The information capacity requires enhancing, developing, and gaining access to information systems and databases of direct and indirect relevance to the Human Resources mission. Three kinds of information are required: – operational or status information - forecasting and projection information; and - information for strategic, long term planning. Operational information needs include improved aggregate and individual employee data, workload data, internal Human Resources operational data (e. g., PRIME), Service-wide operational data (e.g., - 4 -- DEMIS), and improved budget and cost accounting information on both operating costs and on services and products supplied to clients. Forecasting and projection information needs comprise both a capacity to access relevant databases and a state-of-the-art capacity to massage and manipulate the data for trend analyses and projections. Ongoing environmental scans, organizational work projections, workforce projections (e. g., attrition, workforce mobility), and budget projections are examples of activities in this category. Planning and Evaluation The enhanced planning and evaluation capacity will serve three purposes: - improving Human Resources effectiveness through timely, on-line assessments of existing products; – increasing Service-wide accountability for human resources; and - promoting large scale organizational change. To achieve these goals, five kinds of activities need to be included within the overall evaluation capacity: ongoing development and revision of standards for evaluation; — ongoing, internal evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the Human Resources organization and its products; – ongoing evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the Service in its management of human resources; – input into individual executive and managerial evaluations on their performance as stewards of human resources; and —long-range strategic management of and planning for human resources issues. The activity related to standards will provide the crucial input for the entire evaluation capacity. It includes development and ongoing revision of criteria for judging the efficiency and effectiveness of the Human Resources organization, its operations and its products. It will promote Human Resources organizational flexibility and provide objective input for decisions related to the termination or refocusing of Human Resources product lines. Criteria will also be developed for assessing the effectiveness of the IRS organization and management systems from the perspective of Human Resources concerns. Finally, it will develop specific criteria on human resources stewardship to be incorporated into individual executive and manager performance evaluations. Inputs from the forecasting/projection and strategic planning activities will permit the inclusion of longer range standards of organizational effectiveness and individual performance in addition to the prevailing, short term program standards. A distinct evaluation activity directed to the Human Resources organization, its structure, management, operations, and products will foster an experimental climate for the organization. It will promote excellence within the organization as a model for other Service Organizations. It can also facilitate boundary permeability by serving as an instrument to ensure that the narrow, functional focus of current activities within Human Resources can be effectively expanded and that cross-functional, collaborative endeavors become institutionalized. Finally, it should permit timely and knowledgeable judgments to be made about the value and need for continuation of current Human Resources product lines • A parallel evaluation activity will address itself to the Service as a whole and to its management systems in particular. This activity will be responsible for assessing whether current and emerging IRS human resources management systems and practices make sense in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness. This activity will be most germane to the managerial and executive training programs which will be a key product line of the future Human Resources organization. The evaluation capacity must also include effective input into the evaluation of individual executives and managers as stewards and managers of human resources. The inclusion of this activity recognizes that genuinely effective organizational change includes efforts to change the behavior of individuals. Marketing Use of the term "marketing" is not part of the traditional vocabulary of the public sector. However, it is used in this report as a concise way of describing a certain capacity for the future Human Resources organization. The activities related to this capacity are distinguished from the current, product centered Human Resources mode of operation in three respects . First, they provide a way of institutionalizing improved client satisfaction with Human Resources products — closer, ongoing involvement with clients will increase confidence that the final products will meet client needs. Second, these activities offer a novel opportun- ity to get ahead of the market and to develop and test products in anticipation of future client needs. Third, the activities should position the Human Resources organization to be more proactive. The organization will no longer be the passive recipient of client requests for customized products, but instead will take a broad, "product line" approach to its outputs, and actively create a market for new or improved products through client education. This group of activities will present the greatés tº challenge to the Human Resources organization to begin to conduct its business in a new way. Timeliness and a permanent capacity for project management of team efforts will be the essence of the marketing capacity. A premium will be placed on the availability and productive use of conceptualizing and integrating skills. The marketing capacity includes both market research activities gathering, product planning, product line design, and market testing activities. Production All of the other capacities of the Human Resources organization support this capacity — the timelier production and delivery of better quality products that meet client needs . The production capacity will involve four types of activities: product and production design; actual production, including contracting out of production; delivery and installation of products; and product support and service . The specific products cannot now be specified, but will probably include currently available products, improved versions of such products, and new products. The resources for investing in new products and improvements will necessarily involve an analysis of current products, and a reduction or elimination of some of these , The production capacity of the new Human Resources organization will have three features. 1. Products will be offered in a spectrum of "brands" and of delivery and installation modes • Some may be customized for particular clients; others will be offered in generic versions for local adaptation by the client. Some will be delivered, installed, and even operated by the Human Resources organization (e.g., executive training); responsibility for the installation and operation of others will pass to the client upon delivery. 2. Product life spans will be determined. Based upon directions from the information, evaluation, and marketing capacities, future products may be delivered with designated life spans, or with a limitation on the time that Human Resources will continue to support and service them. 3. The production capacity will be directly responsible for technical sales and product support. These activities will be performed in close coordination with the marketing and evaluation capacities, and responsibilities will include ensuring client satisfaction. Government Liaison This capacity relates to the need to establish a strong liaison for Human Resources with other functions of the Service, other Federal organizations, and other concerned parties to strategize and formulate positions on significant Human Resources issues, and to initiate joint efforts when desirable . Implementation Strategy The design of a new organizational structure to fit the capacities being recommended, and the actual implementation of the recommendations are such sensitive issues that some general recommendations for an implementation strategy have been included. These recommendations can be summarized in three general principles. Successful implementation depends on : — strong, clear, consistent commitment at the upper level of the organization to a long term, phased implementation; – clear, consistent, free two-way flow of information and communications throughout the implementation phase, including methods for addressing rumors on a timely basis; and – wide ranging, timely participation by those who will experience the change, in modes appropriate to their various levels of responsibility to generate ownership of the change. LINKAGES The report has presented a series of snapshots of the five focal capacities of a proposed new Human Resources organization. Each has been described separately, with an explanation of some of the associated activities, and of interactions among those associated activities. This section of the report will describe some typical ways in which the focal capacities will interact among themselves. Globally, the new organization will be driven by three factors: – enhanced information and more ready access to it; -- improved and expanded evaluation capacity; and – increased client satisfaction with Human Resources products. There are basically eight key linkages among these capacities. This list is not exhaustive. If the new Human Resources organization func– tions with the requisite boundary permeability, the interactions among and across capacities will exceed what can be predicted or described in this report. In keeping with the need for flexibility for the new organiza– tion, these linkages should be considered hypothetical and illustrative rather than strictly prescriptive. Information - Planning and Evaluation The first crucial range of linkages is between the information and evaluation capacities. The material for the various evaluation activities is information, both current operational information and forecasting/projection data. On the basis of timely, accurate information, human resources standards will be developed, appropriately revised, and then applied to the Human Resources organization itself and its products, to the Service as a whole and its management of its human resources, and to performance of individual executives and managers as they are accountable for the stewardship of the human resources made available to them. For example, management styles in particular IRS organizations or as applied by particular executives and managers should not be rewarded if they are not managing their human resources efficiently and effectively. Until now individual performance standards have been inconsistently applied and narrowly program-focused. There has been no way to make the case that organizational and individual performance can only be accurately measured by including human resources management as a criterion. The development of effective standards has been hampered by the unavailability of information about what processing frivolous labor grievances costs, for example, or what high attrition levels cost in terms of processing personnel actions or training. If effective human resources management cost figures are available, this information can be a powerful tool for improving managers within the Service. Likewise, if other management information systems are accessible and their data can be collected with human resources management data, more realistic measures of efficiency than the prevailing "cost-per-thousand" or other output measures can be developed and applied. An enhanced information capacity may also decrease the risks involved in conducting business as an ongoing experiment and in investing in new, future-oriented products by increasing the timeliness of reviews and the accuracy of projections. Information – Marketing The second linkage is that between the information and marketing capacities. The latter will be almost wholly dependent upon the former for both forecasting/projection information which will dictate research and development of a new product. The marketing component will have the primary responsibility for positioning Human Resources' outputs to match not only current client demands but also demands that may not yet exist or be recognized : The role of the information component is indispensable for the success of those endeavors. Both operational data and forecasting/ projection information will guide marketing and sales strategies. The marketing component will be able to make its case to its clients on the basis of a clear and thorough knowledge of the client's current and anticipated needs. Finally, the information capacity will provide the marketing capacity with the necessary current and projected information about Human Resources costs, budget, and other available resources to make knowledgeable decisions about product development commitments. Information – Production The information capacity will also provide an essential resource for production management. With on-line access to employee data, costs, and budget data, production managers will be given greater latitude to operate as entrepreneurs to recruit the production specialists they will require, to make an informed decision about subcontracting, to conduct on-line quality reviews, and to bring products in under budget. The availability of projected budget and other forecasting/projection data should also extend the current planning time frames for production management. Information - Government Liaison A further critical interaction will occur between the information capacity and the government liaison capacity. The latter will depend upon the former for both current operational data and forecasting/ projection data to exercise its advocacy, liaison, coalition—building, and interdepartmental liaison activities. It will provide the government liaison component with the raw material to make the HR case in the several forums in which the latter will operate . The ready availability of such data will be especially valuable as it provides a capacity to construct an in-house, but objective case-to-the-contrary when needed. Planning and Evaluation — Information, Marketing, Production, Government Liaison The planning and evaluation capacity will perform analogous roles vis-a-vis the information, marketing, production, and government affairs capacities. In each respect, internal standards of organizational and operational efficiency and effectiveness will be developed and applied. Likewise, through the development and application of performance evalua- tion standards for Human Resources management, the evaluation component will be charged with monitoring and ensuring the accomplishment of Human Resources goals. In particular, fostering a systematic, cross- functional, project team approach will be of particular concern to the evaluation component in its measurement of organizational, operational, and individual manager performance . Strategic thinking and planning will have to be institutionalized as an indispensable and ongoing element of the Service's ordinary way of doing business. The expansion of available information beyond opera- tional data to include forecasting/projections data and strategic issues management will permit assessment of organizational and individual performance across a time continuum. Organizational effectiveness and individual performance will be measured in terms of how the Service as a whole or its managers position themselves against midterm and long- range strategic objectives. At the same time, however, the evaluation component will interact in a unique way with the operational capacities – i.e., marketing and production — and with the government liaison capacity. Planning and Evaluation -- Production The linkage between marketing and production will not consist of redundant controls or reviews, nor in "second-guessing" their management. Market testing will be the unique responsibility of the marketing component, and the first line of quality control over products will remain with the production component. The planning and evaluation capacity should not become an in-house "internal audit" capacity. Rather, the evaluation component will establish a meaningful framework within which product line and individual products can be measured against overall Human Resources objectives and strategic plans, and against IRS objectives and goals. This larger point of view is what constitutes the distinctive oversight role of the evaluation component vis-a-vis the two operational capacities . Planning and Evaluation — Government Liaison The planning and evaluation capacity will also interact uniquely with the government liaison capacity. Its assessments of Human Resources and IRS organizational effectiveness, operations, products, and needs will provide the governmental liaison capacity with material for advocacy and coalition—building with the Federal establishment. Likewise, the mere availability of an ongoing evaluation capacity in the area of human resources management should be an asset to the governmental liaison assessments will also assist the latter component in its roles of liaison on, coordination, and information clearinghouse roles on human resources management within the Federal sector. Marketing – Production One final critical interaction should be noted -- between the marketing and production capacities. Marketing will be the primary capacity for assessing market demand and client need, for developing broad product strategies, for designing product line specifications, for deciding product mix issues, and for ensuring client satisfaction through test marketing of new products. Its link to production will be directive on a broad scale and its role will not consist of designing or delivering specific products. Within the broad scale guidance provided by the marketing capacity, responsibility for specific product design will lie with the production capacity. The marketing component will inform the production component(s) of what sorts of products and delivery systems are needed and what the ratios among various sorts of products should be — not what products should be pro- duced or how they should be produced or delivered . At no other juncture will the ability of diverse components of the new organization to overcome parochial, functional interests — 2 - in favor of a project team approach be more critical than in the interaction of the marketing and production capacities. Both the improved timeliness of product development and delivery and improved client satisfaction with product quality urge that this issue of collaboration be resolved at this linkage point. The success of each and every output of the new organization (and, thus, indirectly the value of the new organization itself) will depend on the extent to which components of the organization can learn new collaborative ways of doing business. OPERATING PRINCIPLES This section of the report describes the operating principles through which Human Resources can implement its Mission Statement. These principles are generic in nature and applicable to all activities. They will be useful now in determining what functions Human Resources should perform and how it should be organized. In addition, however, they will establish a benchmark against which any potential future changes can be evaluated . A critical requirement of the effort now must be to provide for changes which will occur later, even if we cannot anticipate what those changes will be . Therefore, operating principles have been described in terms which establish a framework, rather than an absolute requirement. Even in this context, the first and most important item to be listed must be that these principles themselves are subject to clarification and change as the organization grows into its new role. The list of operating principles which follows is not hierarchical in structure or sequential in order of implementation. It represents a matrix of considerations which interact with each other as well as with external forces. Not all will apply in all circumstances, but the underlying intent of all should be considered in every appropriate situation . 1. The Human Resources Mission Statement establishes the conceptual framework for the organization's activities. Since it is a broad, philosophical statement, Human Resources must find ways to translate its meaning into practical solutions to real situations facing Service management. 2. The Service has historically placed a high value on task and mission accomplishment, while only indirectly acknowledging the importance of the morale and motivation of its workforce to achieving this mission. This lack of balance - is counterproductive in today's climate. Human Resources should take the lead role in fostering a change to the Service's management culture concerning the importance of human resources to the organization. It must also develop concrete programs which will maintain and improve the IRS human resources environment. 3. Organizations which do not "practice what they preach" cannot be effective change agents, as they have no credibility. In line with this, HR must lead by example, applying the principles of human resource management to its own organization and work force. 4. Flexibility and responsiveness are critical ingredients of personal and organizational success. HR must therefore strive to develop its employees into broader based generalists, wherever this is consistent with maintaining appropriate levels of expertise. 5. Organizational structures should also be designed in a flexible way to facilitate the accomplishment of work. HR's structure must reflect its mission and priorities and be responsive to changes in these. Positions must be designed to encourage creativity and job satisfaction on the part of employees and managers. 6. Proactive, problem solving organizations which are effective in their missions are staffed with proactive, problem solving people. HR employees whose assignments involve professional contact with our clients must develop and utilize consulting-type skills and be able to market HR product lines. 7. Management time is limited; management skills are best applied to management problems rather than technical ones. Authority must be delegated to the lowest practical levels. HR managers must focus their time and attention on boundary management rather than vertical management of the internal organization. Senior specialists must be given the opportunity to function at a senior level, without close supervision, and held accountable for the results. Levels of management in the organiza- tion should be minimized and spans of control maximized. 8. Stability of the organization and its workload cannot be guaranteed, while available resources can only be expected to diminish. In this environment, HR must experiment and take risks in order to succeed, if not survive. Occasional "mistakes" are one price we will pay for this kind of creativity. The management climate must be supportive of this risk taking, encouraging employees to try and not punishing them (overtly or covertly) for good faith efforts which do not achieve original expectations . 9. Uniform organizational structures across the Service may foster consistency, but they also breed mechanical approaches to problem solving, a limited vision of the role and responsibility of a Human Resources specialist, and excessively costly overhead structures. HR must critically reappraise its assumptions about how the field must be organized and operated, with a view toward encouraging structures (and — 1 4 — solutions to problems generally) which respond to mission needs, spur creativity, and are efficient and effective, irrespective of the lack of organizational parallelism which may result. 10. IRM issuances which supplement other documents such as the Federal Personnel Manual (FPM) also enhance consistency. However, the additional guidance provided by IRS often constitutes a minor addition to the basic thrust of the FPM, and the incremental cost of this guidance is excessive relative to the benefits received. HR must avoid issuing IRM supplementing guidance on instructions published elsewhere unless critical and overriding reasons exist. Existing IRM sections which do not meet this criterion should be revoked. 11. The role of the National Office is to formulate policy and provide leadership and direction to the field in carrying out the mission of the Service. The National Office should not be executing that policy or involving itself in day-to-day operational work. HR must evaluate the activities it performs and either delegate to the field, or stop altogether, those tasks which are operational in character (unless mandated by law or higher authority). 12. The success of a field Resources Management program is properly measured by its ability to assist the field activity in accomplishing its mission within the policy guidelines set forth by the National Office. It should be free to utilize all flexibilities available, without being overburdened with narrowly defined specialized program requirements imposed from above. HR must eliminate layers of "watch birds" whose role are to redundantly monitor compliance with operating regulations, or which focus on micro rather than macro management concerns. 13. Constructive criticism is essential for an organization to identify and correct its shortcomings. HR must determine what organizational, management, or systemic blocks it has which stifle constructive criticism, and change or remove them. If the NORP process is part of the problem, it should be suspended until a better evaluation system is in place. 14. Policy making and program management do not readily lend themselves to objective measurement of their productivity, efficiency or effectiveness. Nevertheless, management must determine priorities and allocate scarce resources. HR must develop a capacity to cost out its services, and allocate its resources to those projects which da serve priority treatment (including new product research and develop:-...}, seeking a balance between short, medium, and long range objectives. Where possible, programs should be set up on a reimburseable basis, particularly where they represent a maintenance type activity. 15. The HR organization exists to support the mission of the Service, not the other way around. This is particularly true for a headquarters organization which does not have operating responsibilities. HR must view itself as a market driven organization, anticipating and responding to the needs of its clients. Our success is ultimately only measured by the success of the Service as a whole in meeting its Ill SS LOI) e. - 16. Contractor produced products are not inherently better or worse than those developed in-house. However, we are responsible for HR products used in the Service, wherever they were made • HR must maintain appropriate quality control mechanisms over all Human Resources products which have the IRS name on them. 17. Products and services tend to develop a life of their own, even if they no longer meet a priority management need. HR must develop "sunset" procedures which will recognize such obsolescence and divert maintenance and support resources toward more important projects. 18. Most HR activities involve a partnership with management, with duties and responsibilities on both sides required to get an effective job done. HR must clearly communicate the joint nature of this relationship, so that management can understand its part and provide us with the necessary information on its needs and priorities, as well as providing feedback on how things are functioning. To facilitate this, HR must provide user handbooks or other tools which develop and foster management's ownership of its human resources responsibilities. 19. Effective utilization of resources occurs when fixed overhead costs are allocated over the largest possible base. Variable costs are minimized when excessive "customization" is eliminated. HR must explore ways to reduce customized products unless the attendent costs are reimbursed, and seek to market its products to other agencies where appropriate . 20. The best advice and consulting services available are diminished in value if they are not provided on a timely basis when needed. HR must reassess its work assignment techniques and develop the capacity to complete special projects on a timely, if not expedited, basis. Deadlines must be realistic, and when established on an arbitrary basis, clearly labeled as such . - 21 - Communication channels must foster clear information flow in all directions in the organization. Dissenting views must be available to decision makers, while concise needs and expectations must be provided to staff analysts on a timely basis. HR should promote and foster a free flow of information, both vertically and horizontally, throughout the organization. Deviations from a hierarchical flow of information will be permitted and changes implemented to facilitate this. — 16 — 22. The development of executives and managers within the Service is extremely important in setting values and promoting a productive organizational culture. HR must develop and advocate state-of-the-art approaches on management and executive development, career development, and succession planning, in order to facilitate a successful transition to a new climate in IRS. CAPACITIES The following sections provide more detailed information on the five focal capacities, and the activities associated with them. Information Human Resources must have the capacity to process relevant informa- tion in order to provide efficient and effective human resources products and services to the organization. This information gathering process. must be ongoing, timely, state-of-the-art, and institutionalized. Absent this capacity, Human Resources will lack the information to properly assess the Service's demands on the human resources organization and forecasting/trend projection capabilities will be severely limited. The Human Resources information system will gather, manipulate and interpret internal and external operational and forecasting/ projection information that should be available for further analysis. The following kinds of operational information, both historical and current, must be available to analyze changes: – Human resources inventory data such as the number and location of on board employees, job title, series, and grade, pay and benefits, and attrition rate and causes. — Individual employee data such as appraisal data, career development data, employee training, education and experience, employee goals and interests (such as Individual Development Plans). - Workload statistics such as authorized staffing patterns, workplans, and work assignment plans. - Human Resources operational data such as key indicators of human resources performance including benchmarks and standards for quantity, quality and timeliness of delivery. - Servicewide operational data such as cross functional information on Service products, resources results and yields, plans and time tables for other major Service projects, i.e., the Automated Examination System (AES), and the Tax System Redesign (TSR) project. Budget and cost data such as Human Resources operating costs, Human Resources services and products cost (training modules, recruitment, grievances, turnover, etc.). The operational information represents the internal data that must be captured to allow HR and the Service as a whole to accurately plan and conduct its activities. The intent is not to create new databases but rather to compile existing human resources data on a systematic basis and make it easily accessible. In addition to the operational information we also need access to the following kinds of forecasting/projection information: Environmental scan data on technological changes, workforce trends, federal policy, and organizational culture. Organizational work projection data on attrition rates, mobility, skill utilization, productivity changes, budget projections, operations/activity changes, product changes. Environmental scan data coupled with the operational information will provide the necessary internal and external data elements within Human Resources to develop a forecasting/projection analysis and strategic planning capability which supports other Human Resources capacities. In order to use the operational and forecasting/projecting information outlined above, a decision support system function should provide the following services: A database administrator to identify where required data may already be available, (such as Human Resources key indicators in Policy/ Resources Information for Managers/Executives (PRIME), and servicewide data on cross functional products, resources, and yields in the Decision Enhancing Management Information System (DEMIS)); to design/develop ways to gather new information; and to handle the procedural, technical, and compatibility aspects of accessing that data. Tools such as database management systems, fourth generation languages, and statistical packages to allow Human resources employees to massage and manipulate the data for modeling and forecasting activities. Constraints In the development of a Human Resources information process, the following constraints must be overcome. – Adequate software and hardware must be available with the technical skilled personnel to support the system. – Various functional management information systems within the Service will need to be modified for compatible use. – Budget restrictions must be remedied, especially in the procurement of external data sources, hardware and software . - Skill levels of information users must be improved. Opportunities While constraints may exist, Human Resources must take the leader- ship role in establishment of an information bank and the mechanism for utilization of data in management decisions. By doing so, the Human Resources information system can be a model to other functions in the Organization and provide the opportunity and channel to assure Human Resources aspects are recognized in the development of other management information systems and projects. Also, any products resulting from the Human Resources information capacity would be beneficial to other Service functions. In this information age, the capacity to compile and process information will become increasingly important as organizations recognize the benefits of forcasting and modeling. To meet these demands, Human Resources must position itself to accomodate those needs. Planning and Evaluation Organizational goals are an indication of what the organization as a whole is trying to achieve and to become. A plan says something about how the goals will be attained. Goals, like resources, have time-based utility. A new product, a degree of market penetration, become significant objectives only if accomplished by a certain time, but care must be taken to allow sufficient time. As an organization attempts to push ahead its time horizon, the manager who has built a successful career by his/her skill at reacting - 19 — to crises finds it difficult to transit to strategic thinking. To add to the difficulty is a formal reward system which seriously militates against doing so by rewarding short-term gains over long-term capital investment, particularly in people resources. There is a need to rethink the role of Human Resources in the setting of organizational goals or standards, the measuring of progress toward goal accomplishment, and the evaluation of performance -- both organizational and individual. Overall, these activities comprise the primary components of a planning process. Like other functions, Human Resources must plan activities necessary to improve the Service's operations and to support its strategic plan. HR plans would provide an opportunity to link staffing, appraisal, reward, and development systems to Servicewide plans. The activities associated with HR planning are: forecasting, succession planning, career development, and productivity improvement. — Needs forecasting provides a linkage with the strategic plan; uses models to develop inventories and projections; and conducts or utilizes work analyses to predict future needs. — Succession planning provides for management succession to key positions to assure that individuals are ready for more responsible positions when they are needed. It also provides a mechanism for changing the management style of the agency over the long term by the planned placement of personnel with particular attributes. — Career development provides a mechanism for managing careers from recruitment through the time the employee leaves the Service. By controlling progression through training and developmental assignments, staffing needs can be met by developing skills internally — particularly in shortage categories. – Productivity improvement sets individual performance standards and measures changes in work systems resulting from technological innovations. In addition to these activities, there is a need for planning for new program or management thrusts, preceded by forecasts and environ- mental scans, but different from the shorter time frame and more narrowly focussed activities of marketing needs analysis. There is also a need for planning management control systems to aid in the management of work systems and to evaluate the degree of fit between what is supposed to be and what is actually taking place. – 20 — Much of the actual planning as described above would be the responsiblity of line managers. Overall coordination and certain other parts of the planning process would be appropriate for a headquarters unit. The development and administration of HR data bases needed to plan could be either separate from a planning/evaluation unit or could be part of one. It is essential that planning be closely linked to the evaluation of planning outcomes. Therefore, part of the planning process is the defini- tion of what successful completion will look like and how it will be measured. This caveat applies to the planning of individual performance agreements or careers as well as to the planning of totally new manage- ment strategies or programs. In essence, the measures become the stand- ards against which evaluation is accomplished. z It is essential that Human Resources strategic planning, succession planning, workforce planning, etc., be tightly linked to the overall strategic planning process for the Service at large. Planning for the new HR organization should not be done in isolation, away from where the work of delivering products is done. A network of planning activities should exist throughout all of HR with integration with the rest of IRS and its environment as well. The capacity would provide coordination for the boundary-spanning planning and evaluation activities and would also possess the expertise to support and assist in the evaluations and plan generations -— ultimate responsibility for strategic, tactical, and operations planning is that of the managers. Another facet of comprehensive planning and evaluation is that of developing viable implementation strategies. This often requires attention to how best to manage the changes introduced by the new plans. Linking the planning/evaluation function to operations or productions activities via a bridge provided by change management strategies would be highly effective. Constraints As the Service attempts to cut labor costs by reducing the work force and seeking new ways to increase quality and productivity, HR professionals could find themselves in the forefront if they are prepared to play key roles in formulating and implementing new strategies. - — Many HR professionals are untrained in strategic thinking and they are not experienced in working in a proactive, broad, long-term, open-system mode. – The data bases needed to do planning are not now available. – Gaining support for such activities from the functional areas will not be an easy task. Opportunities The opportunity exists to change the culture of the Service through the use of a planning and evaluation process by tying these activities to IRS strategic management goals and by instituting a reward system to reinforce the desired behaviors. Marketing In the course of its work, the task force identified a number of critical capacities of an effective Human Resources organization. Many of them (e.g. research and development, tests and prototypes, sales, etc.) come under the heading of marketing. For our purposes, we have divided this capacity into three areas: market research; product planning, designing and testing; and sales. The following describes how the marketing system is envisioned to operate. – Market Research This deals with Human Resources' ability to utilize relevant information and supplement and focus that information through the use of such tools as market surveys, ongoing consultations on issues such as employee attitudes, management problems, competition's products, major and minor systems initiatives, etc. Results would then be analyzed for possible product development. - Product planning, designing and testing This involves the process of identifying a range of demands for various products that could satisfy market survey needs within IRS resources. Working with production, a prospectus would be developed for each product that would include a brief description of the product; identification of the intended client(s) (internal and external); the product type (generic or specific) and life cycle the resources required and the organization's capacity to produce the product; a cost/benefit ratio; and the relationship to organization- al goals. Client support would be enlisted to conduct a test. The test would involve jointly establishing criteria for success, identifying an appropriate sample, and evaluating the results. At this point, a decision would be made to go forward, redesign or abolish the project. If the test is successful, the production capacity would develop a contract for delivery of the product. The contract would include – 22 – time frames, life span of the product, promotion strategy, etc. — Sales Sales as applied to Human Resources would differ somewhat from the private sector model. The research and development capacity of HR and of a specific product or product line would be sold by a formally acknowledged sales activity. In day-to-day contacts with the clients, all of HR should also sell the research and development capacity to help solve the organization's problems. That could be the first step in increasing credibility with line functions. Success in selling the ability to identify future problems and opportunities, test new products to solve the client's problems and deliver these products in a cost effective manner will help establish HR as a catalyst for productive change. Other clients need to be sought for products already produced, either internally (e.g., selling Taxpayer Relations training for Taxpayer Service to Examination) or externally (e.g., sell our entry level management training to other agencies or the private sector). Constraints The following are possible constraints to successful implementation. — The private sector approach is foreign to HR and clients, and may not considered relevant or applicable; – This represents a significant shift of focus necessary for HR, e.g., the "drum up" business concept; marketing to outside organizations, and the heavy emphasis on research and development. – There may be a more limited capacity to protect sufficient resources to do a good job in market research where value is less obvious and tangible to the organization. – The client will expect quick service and will need to develop patience to wait for a study. – The hesitancy of organization to invest in a generic and/or outside product will need to be overcome. — 23 — Opportunities Operating in this fashion presents a number of significant opportunities for HR and the Service. - There is an opportunity for significant professional development in HR as internal consultant capabilities are developed, familiarity and thus credibility with clients is increased; and more is learned about other HR functions (generalist concept). – There is a potential for earlier involvement with the client and thus more impact on the solution. - External marketing reinforces IRS as a good place to work. It could be possible to attract more high quality people and change public perceptions about government in general and IRS in particular. There is an opportunity to focus on the future and to assist the organization in the management of change. Production Production, defined as the efficient movement of resources through a well-designed process, is the fourth capacity the task force addressed. Although each of the five capacities plays an important role in accomplishment of the Human Resources mission, production may be the most significant in achieving credibility with clients and moving towards the ultimate goal of influencing the Service's strategic planning process. Products and Production Activities As the first step in determining what the production capacity should involve, the following examples of product lines HR is or should be producing were identified: — employee selection and placement systems — appraisal systems - rewards systems - employee development systems – career planning - executive management and development systems – information systems Products could take the form of policy guidance to organizations, training programs, employee profiles, standard position descriptions, case assignment guides, management information systems, tax advisory programs, enrolled agent programs, career pathing, performance appraisal systems, etc. The second step in defining the production capacity involved a review of current literature/studies on production and manufacturing strategies to determine what activities are involved in the production process and how that could be applied to the Human Resources organiza- tion. As a result of that analysis, the production capacity is divided into the following areas: - Product Design Product design is inherent to the development of the product line and marketing strategies formulated by the marketing activity, Product design decisions such as what to produce, when to produce, quantity to produce, method of production, and resources and skills needed to effect production, must be made in conjunction with the marketing activity during the product planning stage. – Product Development This phase consists of production scheduling, actual production of the product, development and maintenance of costing data, and tracking production against product specifications (quality control) . During this phase, close coordination must be maintained between marketing and productions Minor changes or modifications to a product or product line can have major implications for the production process. – Delivery and Services This phase includes delivery of the product and providing service support to guarantee product fit and client satisfaction. To achieve this end, a client service activity should be included. This activity would interfact heavily with the marketing activity. This activity would also play an important role in the evaluation process by observing the client's use or non-use of the product and feeding that information to both the marketing and evaluation activities. – 25 — Product Guidelines To develop high quality products and guarantee customer satisfaction, the following product guidelines should be incorporated into the marketing and production strategies for modification of current products and development of new ones: - Products should be researched, designed and tested prior to implementation. They should contain an Internal Revenue Service seal of approval to certify that the product meets prescribed standards for content and delivery. – Decisions pertaining to product content and delivery will be addressed during product planning. Based on needs and resources required to produce the products, the HR organization must seriously consider different approaches to product development, i.e., generic vs. customized products, in-house vs. contractual development, Human Resources vs. client program administration and maintenance, etc. – Products should be guaranteed to fit the client's need in that they will produce the desired job performance. - Products replaced by newer versions will no longer be maintained or guaranteed by the Human Resources organization. The user may elect to continue using the older product, but with the understanding that the HR organization no longer acknowledges its existence. — All products will be assigned a product life span which will include a conscious decision by Human Resources as to when the product will be considered obsolete and will no longer be developed. – Product delivery systems should capitalize on state-of-the-art technology, (computer conferencing, teleconferencing, automated training and personnel systems) recognizing budgetary constraints. – Product service should be provided through use of service or client representatives in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Constraints Possible constraints to a well-designed production system include the following: – 26 — — Management has not taken responsibility for management of human resources; the organizational culture must be changed. – Client organizations may not want to accept responsibility for development and maintenance of some programs. – The current organizational view that programs, especially training should be customized is counter to the new Human Resources focus. – There is a potential perception that jobs in the production capacity do not require high-graded skills and are not as important as those jobs in other capacities. — Communication barriers between marketing and production people are possible due to the design of current evaluation and rewards systems. Opportunities A production capacity structured in the manner described above allows certain opportunities for the HR organization – designing and developing products to not only meet current needs, but also future needs; developing customer credibility based on product guarantees; designing jobs and reward systems to adequately portray the significance of and skills required by production employees; and designing career paths or job opportunities for movement into other areas, especially the marketing capacity. Government Liaison This function needs to provide more effective analysis on those governmental activities not tax oriented outside the Service having impact on Human Resources. In addition, greater attention must be paid to pending congressional legislation, Human Resources activities being conducted by other goverment agencies, and initiatives by manager and employee advocacy groups. Some activities might include: – Analyzing and advising on the impact of pending legislation or judicial proceedings on such topics as employee rights, pay, benefits, etc. — Formulating Service's position on proposed legislation related to Human Resources and cooperating with Legislative Liaison Division as appropriate . – 27 — — Sharing ideas and strategies with other government agencies on Human Resources activities and initiating joint efforts where mutually advantageous. - Cooperating and consulting through appropriate channels with NTEU, SEA, and FMA on issues germane to Human Resources. Constraints - The union and others may perceive this capacity as intrusive to their territory. - Developing the necessary skills in employees to perform the work. Opportunities -- This capacity serves as a public statement of the Service's concern for its human resources. - The capacity should improve the ability of the Service to anticipate and affect long range Human Resources events. - Utilization of this capacity could improve recruitment and retention. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Developing the capabilities and adopting the operational criteria and philosophies described in the earlier sections of this report will require a significant long term implementation effort and a high level of management commitment both within the Human Resources organization and from the highest levels of Service management. Without a deliberate, thoughtful, and incremental approach to implementation, no matter what organizational structure is designed around these functions, successful change will not take place. Because the success of the organizational structure hinges on the implementation process, the Task Force has identified key elements which must be present in that process. These are not listed in any sequential or hierarchical order. 1. The Service must be willing to commit to a long term process of implementation . The first, and most significant of these elements is the recognition by the Service that changes to the organization, culture – 28 — and climate as extensive as those being proposed cannot occur success— fully in a short period of time. The design of the organizational structure must be recognized as only the first step in the process of changing the organizational culture. The internal management of the Human Resources organization, as well as the external users of the products produced must be willing to commit to an incremental implementation plan which is not driven by rigid time schedules, but rather which is driven by the readiness of the organization to undertake additional change. 2. The implementation plan must be phased, with evaluations of status at appropriate intervals. As stated in #1, implementation of the cultural changes should occur on an incremental basis, with periodic scheduled evaluations to determine the organization's capacity to absorb additional change. The initial phase should involve activities at which the organization can be successful. 3. The human dimension of the organization needs to be emphasized in the implementation process. A second key element in the effective implementation of changes of this type is the extent to which the employees within the organiza– tion feel ownership of the recommendations and commitment to making them work. To accomplish this, there are a number of activities which can and should take place. — Establish mechanisms to provide for open communications, both formal and informal, in all directions within the organization. – Utilize established organizational development techniques such as team building, transition planning, new team start-up, and other interventions to facilitate organizational acceptance and understanding of the changes. - Encourage employee participation in decision making whenever possible. 4. Implementation should address integration of incentives systems (both formal and informal) with the new organizational goals. The organization's informal system of rewards and punishments, as well as the formal objective setting process should be in consonance with the goals of the new organization to avoid rewarding performance which is at odds with those goals. – 29 — 5. The field and other functions must be involved in the implementation process. To the extent that they are stakeholders in the outcome of the organizational changes, the field Resources Management activities and the other National Office functions should participate in the implementation process to provide further opportunity for acceptance. 6. The costs, both in productivity losses, and in hard resources, of implementing the changes must be recognized and committed up front. . There are a number of training, education, and organizational development costs which are mandatory for the successful implementation of these changes. The Service must recognize the benefits of these costs, and commit to the expenditure before the implementation process is begun. The organization must also recognize and be willing to accept that with changes of this magnitude, some temporary drops in productivity will occur. 7. The logistical of implementing the changes must be systematically addressed. The implementation process should provide for cross-functional approaches to addressing the logistics implications of the new organization (e. g., position design, functional statements, IRM revisions, space management, etc. ). Employees designated to work on the logistical implementation should be free to devote full time to the effort. 8. The organizational structure should remain flexible to be modified as needed during the implementation. The process of implementation should move the organization towards its desired goals, and if at any time it appears that previous decisions or established structures are impediments to the achievement of those goals, the organization should have in place the mechanisms to recognize this and the flexibility to change . 9. The implementation process should provide for appropriate educa- tion and training activities to proporly equip employees for new responsibilities. To the extent possible, this training should be presented to intact work units. – 30 — Implementation of these changes will result in changes in job design and in work processes. Appropriate educational and training opportunities should be presented to facilitate the transition and to adequately equip employees to perform their new responsibilities. To the extent possible, training should be presented to intact work units to ensure that all employees are working from the same knowledge base and to promote team building. 10. A detailed analysis of all Human Resources work processes should be conducted during the implementation. Given the current budgetary situation, it is not feasible to imple- ment these changes in the present Human Resources organization without first reviewing the present activities and analyzing those which do not further the purposes for which we are reorganizing. By eliminating unnecessary activities, a bank of resources which can then be applied to new activities. 11. The operating principles contained in this report should serve as guidelines for implementation actions. THE MISSION OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES ORGANIZATION: The purpose of the Human Resources organization is to participate with Internal Revenue Service managers and employees in carrying out the Service's mission in a manner that helps to optimize the use of its resources, pursues excellence, and advances the Service's ability to function efficiently and effectively within a changing environment. To achieve that purpose, the Human Resources organization will : O Provide forward looking human resource policies and programs consistent with Service needs, programs, strategies and initiatives, and continually scan the internal and external environments of the Service to identify new human resources trends and issues. Advocate innovation and participate in studies, tests, task forces, and experiments to prepare the Service for the future . Actively participate in managing change and the Service's transition toward accomplishing its strategic goals. Furnish the full range and highest level of Human Resources service, advice and counsel in harmony with the over all goals of the Service. Conduct Human Resources programs and activities in such a way as to promote and support a flexible, effective and proactive organizational and labor relations climate for the Service. Pursue the highest standards of integrity in all Human Resources actions and continually exhibit these standards in our relations with others. Foster positive and productive relationships between the Service and other agencies, governments, academic organizations, and taxpayer representatives. H U M A N R E S O U R C E S O R G A N I Z A T I O N A L E F FE C T I V E N E S S T A S K F O R C E S U B G R O U P R E P O R T O N E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C A N N I N G by Larz Pearson PM; HR: HRT Frank Ng PM: HR: TAAS Jim O'Malley PM; HR:T:M MARCH 6, 1985 I. Procedure Our subgroup of the Human Resources Organizational Taskforce inves- tigated human resources issues raised by environmental scans. Our first step was to review existing scan materials produced for the Service and other relevant literature with an eye to three issues: (1) identifying a range of issues in the external environment which may affect the mission of the Service and the provision of human resources support for its accomplishment; (2) acquiring some feel for the process of environmental scanning and forecasting -- the distinctive methods and tools of the discipline; and (3) considering potential future needs of the HR organization for an ongoing scan/forecasting capacity. Having completed this review, we then proceeded to refine our charter. Since none of us is expert in this area and so not competent to judge the validity of specific forecasts or methodologies, we decided to limit our work to only two issues: (1) Selecting three future issues which both enjoy a high degree of probability and hold major human resources implications for the Service. This paper is our report of our investigation of these issues. (2) Sketching the rudiments of a forecasting/planning process for the HR organization. - II. Characteristics for Effective HR Organization At the risk of oversimplifying, we believe the overriding human resources issue of the future will be recruitment and retention of quality employees. The three scenarios (increased automation, demographic trends, and adverse Federal personnel climate) all converge and will apply great, cumulative pressure on this central issue. Likewise, we believe that many of the human resources implications (vis-a-vis training, management practices etc.) that we have projected from those "futures" can all be interpreted as subsidiary to this one overriding issue. Two general characteristics or enabling conditions of a future, poten- tially more effective HR organization stand out from our study. (1) Flexibility (2) If the future organization is to meet its future demands, greater flexibility and the ability to be "quicker off the starting-block" will be at a premium. To achieve these ends, the organization will need to be more open to revision and run more after the fashion of an ongoing experiment -- not just as an occasional, periodic exercise or dependent on Whoever happens to be Assistant Commissioner at the time. Such organizational flexibility would require a capacity for timely, on-line evaluation. Boundary Permeability Compartmentalization within the HR organization will need to be broken down to permit cross-functional inputs and products on an accelerated schedule. Developing organizational goals and expectations which would be both prior to and determinative of functional (Personnel, Training) program goals could be one tool for implementing this permeability. More specifically, our study has revealed four common needs of any future, potentially more effective HR organization. -- (1) (2) A need for relevant information. What HR will need to know in order to provide consistently effective support and services to the Service in the short and long term. This information will have to be ongoing, timely, state-of-the- art, and institutionalized. It will have to bear both on data of broad-gauge interest to HR (e.g., demographic, employment trends) as well as on data of more specific interest (e.g. developments in training programs). A need for models of interpretation. What HR will need to do with its information to ensure that it is interpreted correctly and relevantly for future Service demands on the HR organization. These models will modify the data from the external environment and combine it with internal data to provide accurate forecasts and trend projections. (3) (4) A need for strategies. What HR will need to do to the interpreted data to plan for the installation of indicated changes in the HR organi- zation itself and in its support for the Service as a whole. In general, these strategies will lie along three inter- active axes: - (a) marketing and development strategies: how to develop products and services from forecasts, (b) sales strategies: how to "sell" the products and ser- vices of the future to present clients. (c) evaluation strategies: how to determine what constitutes both organizational and particular product-success. A need for improved delivery mechanisms. A greater premium will have to be placed on the quality, speed, accessibility, and client-responsiveness of future HR products. Automation can be a tool for meeting this need; of itself, however, it will not meet it. A good case can be made that these broad, summary findings apply to the future Human Resources organization as a whole and to the specific functional units within it (e.g., Training, Personnel, etc.) III. Projecting the Future Forecasting futures is a most inexact art, even if it employs the mathe- matical apparatus of other sciences. For this reason, We chose to concentrate on three developments which will be facing the Service and whose occurence enjoys a high degree of probability. In ascertaining this high degree of probability, we applied a very conservative criterion: trends or movements that are already either underway or being experienced outside the Service or even incipiently within it, whose mere continuance ensures they will be exper ienced within the Service as well. Our effort is more synchronous than strictly "blue-sky": projecting the Service's future from the momentum of other organizations' presents. Nevertheless, we believe it does enjoy some advantage over at forecasting. the Service's traditional, budget-driven and ad hoc attempts Because We have adopted this conservative standard, a radical reform of the present Federal tax system falls outside our consideration. That such a reform will take place within the next ten years is likely. What it will consist in is highly uncertain at the present. Nor is there any already installed model (at least in the United States). Thus, inferences about its organizational repercussions -- aside from massive retraining efforts and potential reductions of the Service's workforce -- are risky. However, sev- eral of the more certain developments have comparable implications. A human resources organization that is geared up to deal with similar implications from one set of external factors will have basic strategies already in place to deal with such implications when they arise from another sector. Likewise, the human resources implications we postulate are comparably narrow. They do not comprise the entire universe of possible or even probable impacts. Simplicity of argument recommends displaying these implications in a certain degree of isolation from each other. However, we recognize that they are likely to have cumulative and synergistic effects, expanding according to a geometric ratio. IV. Three Scenarios A. The Technological Future The first issue is the increasing automation and computerization of the basic functions of the Service. This movement is already in place in the private sector and has achieved considerable momentum (e.g., GM's purchase of EDS) and a high degree of sophistication (e.g., GM's Saturn car project). Likewise, it has already begun to be either installed (ACS) or planned (AES, TSR) within the Service. In the private sector, this development is competition- and profit-driven. It is a central element of a strategy to increase efficiency, cut costs, and, above all, widen the competitive edge. Within the Service, it is impelled by governmental efficiency mandates. The variable in this regard is not the fact that this will occur, but rather its pace - This depends on funding (e.g. , the case of postponing ACS call sites or reducing the scope of TSR. ) As we can best judge, there are at least ten major implications of this development for the Service which will shape the role of any future human resources organization : (1) (2) (3) (4) Automation will be the pivot of budget conflicts: hardware vs. people. Increasing automation and acceleration of its pace will put increased pressure on any future HR organization on two fronts: fighting for the HR piece of the pie and fighting for HR concerns in the planning and implementa- tion of new technologiess Limited institutional commitment presently exists to deal with this fact. The design and delivery of future training will have to change. Training will need to be speedy, self-paced , computer-mediated, and hands-on. Standardized and centralized classroom training will no longer be responsive to the Service's future training needs. High attrition, if it occurs, would only intensify these requirements (e.g. , ACS). The Automated Training System (ATS) is first a step in breaking away from classroom delivery and replacing it with computer based training at the POD. Strategies for inclusion of human factors considerations, for managing change, and for "marketing" major work changes will have to be developed and institutionalized. As automation efforts grow in size, accelerate in pace, and are increasingly tangent on more than one function within the Service (due to integration of databases and computer systems), disruption to the workforce is likely to occur on a larger scale and to be more ongoing than the Service has experienced in the past. But no general "writ" or framework operates to ensure timely inclusion of HR concerns. Where such inclusion is currently occurring, it tends to happen in a less than timely fashion and after lengthy negotiations whose outcome is too dependent on the craft of the negotiators. Job retraining can no longer be conducted as a one-time, ad hoc affair -- to be ginned up anew each time a major automation project is foreseen. Job retraining is likely to be a greater concern in the future. Organizations will no longer be able to promise employees, "We'll find a niche for you somewhere"; instead, the promise must be for retraining. Future technological changes will require an integrative training strategy. (5) The prospect of historically high and costly attrition due to technological innovation alone will be a very real one. If high attrition and its concomitant costs are to be avoided : -- Research will be needed to develop a profile of the sort of employee likeliest to stay with the job, and strategies developed to reach that "ideal" worker population. A general profile of the "ideal" worker in an automated context will be needed and that general profile adapted to the particular automated job (Collection, Examination). -- Jobs will have to be designed that "fit" the needs of and are likely to motivate that "ideal" workforce. Although functions have the best sense of the overall content of the work process, they are not likely to succeed in the way they divide that process into jobs (e.g., ACS). Nor are functions likely to design jobs with a high degree of intrinsic motivators, which will become all the more important for employee retention as Federal-sector incentives lag. Trad- itional HR analytical tools (e.g., work flow analysis, desk audits etc.) may need to be supplemented to capture the technological difference. If higher attrition than that to which IRS has been historically accustomed must be accepted as part-and-parcel of the automated future: -- Personnel policies and procedures will need to be streamlined and greater authority delegated to 10cal and even line man- agement in order to process personnel actions more speedily. Past and present individual functions have experienced higher turn-over rates than is true Service-wide; however, in the future, the problem, should it occur, Will be occurring simultaneously and Service-wide. The use of expert systems will permit increased decentralization of personnel authority to the line functions. -- Increased demands on training and accelerating training costs may be expected. (6) Management practices and styles will have to be renewed. If experience to date (e.g., Service Centers, ACS) holds any lesson, it is that managing in an automated environment is not just a case of doing the same things in the same way while computers click and whir in the background. (7) Technological innovation seems to have a way of highlighting and intensifying the inadequacies of traditional management practices and styles. To say that new technology is one fac- tor driving a renewal of management practices is not tantamount to saying that it is the sole driver nor that its potentialities should be taken as a photographic negative of how an automated work system should be managed. This renewal will require : -- Demand for additional management training -- as managers move from a non-automated to an automated environment, Management and executive training will need to keep pace with technological changes. Similarly, CPE can be used to deliver technological updates. - These new demands must be reinforced and institutionalized by developing new criteria for manager and executive performance and evaluation -- with equivalent emphasis placed on their stewardship of their human resources. Development of an evaluation model as an alternative to the "cost-per-thousand" model would be a valuable HR product in this area. A greater premium will be placed on technical computer skills of increased sophistication -- on attracting and retaining individuals who possess these skills. As technological demands increase, on the job training will become a less desirable means of developing these skills. -- Exploration and advocacy of higher grades for systems technicians and analysts will be needed. -- "Fast-tracking" options and parallel career pathways for technicians and managers should be explored. -- Cooperative education programs and even funding computer science college degrees (in the fashion of ROTC or the Public Health Service's MD's) should be explored and advocated as options. (8) (9) (10) Increasing integration of databases and computer systems, such as the Tax System Redesign project envisions, will present a number of challenges: -- Increased pressures for homogenization of job classifications and thus the potential for downgrades. -- As the total tax process becomes increasingly integrated, a corresponding premium will be placed upon workforce mobility across functional boundaries -- with consequent demands placed on personnel and training functions. -- Developments such as these may be expected to produce a more acrimonious labor relations climate. Increasing recourse to distributed data processing and decentralized locations will strain the present District- Office-centered or Service-Center-centered personnel and training resources. Strategies for delive ring support and services to such facilities are lacking. Field HR cutbacks are already straining the present operation. Examples of some ACS call sites that are geographically removed from the District Offices are ominous. Increased computer and data transmission capacities will not be able to take up the slack. "Circuit riding" troubleshooters/problem-resolvers may be needed. Executives and Managers will increasingly need to be their own planners and analysts --- and will need training for these new responsibilities. Administrative and analyst staffing will become increasingly lean, to be partly replaced by computer resources. However, mere computer literacy will no longer suffice to capitalize on those resources. Nor will packaged software be likely to meet all planning and analysis needs. There will be increased needs for systematic, specialized training (and retraining) in these computer skills for executives and managers. 9. B. Workforce Trends The second issue concerns the likely IRS workforce of the future as this can be predicted from current demographic trends. It is highly synergistic With the other factors, especially trends in Federal personnel management policies. Two variables could be operative here: (1) The composition of the IRS workforce will be highly sensi- tive to likely and projected changes in Federal personnel management policies (e.g., retirement, reductions in staffing, pay). (2) Major economic dislocations -- either nationwide or locally -- could alter the demographic profile of the Federal workforce, although only sporadically and probably only temporarily. If one relies on projections of the general U.S. worker population as well as on projections contained in the IRS "Environmental Scan: IRS Workforce, " several claims about the IRS workforce of the future can be advanced with some degree of certitude. (1) The future employee population will be older. The "baby boom" generation (those 30 to 40 years of age) will form the largest percentage of the general workforce. The extent of this "aging" effect could be varied by several factors: -- Federal personnel policies on retirement will result in employees being forced to stay in the Service longer, resulting in acceler- ating aging of the workforce. -- Federal personnel policies regarding pay could result in fewer younger, career employees being attracted to the Service -- which would also contribute to accelerating this aging effect. -- Reduction in Grades 11-14 and in the number of middle-level management positions could frustrate younger employees' career plans and increase attrition in this group -- again accelerating the aging process. 10. -- On the other hand, the volume and pace of change in the way the Service does its business and the general threat of Federal personnel policies could accelerate attrition from the mid-manage- ment, middle-aged, career ranks -- which would result in a work- force "bunched" at either end of the age spectrum. An older IRS workforce would have several human resources implications: -- In traditional fashion, this middle-aged cadre will be ready for advancement -- which means ascending, sooner or later, into the ranks of management. If delayed retirement and/or reduction in middle management positions occur, this ascent Will be blocked. A generation of employees of proven expertise, in whom IRS has invested a great deal, may become disaffected, demotivated, and more likely to leave the Service. -- To the extent that adaptibility to change is connected with age, then strategies for managing change and retraining Will have to be developed specifically for older Workers. -- At the very least as a cost-containment, measure -- if not also as a productivity strategy, health maintenance programs will become increasingly important. -- As the bulk of the IRS workforce ages, the potential for cultural conflict within the organization increases. Younger, entering employees will find the Service's culture increasingly alien to their experience and to the broader culture in which they have been reared. Of greater concern, however, is the likelihood that the preponderance of older employees, reared on the traditional IRS culture, will "circle the wagons" and seek refuge in the rigidity of that culture at a time when the necessity of new Ways of doing business and so a new culture for IRS will be paramount. No present capacity exists for studying the current organiza- tional culture nor any strategies for managing the transition. 11. (2) IRS Workload Shifting population growth patterns to sunbelt areas will change the quantity of workload that IRS regions and service centers will have to handle and may affect the mix of occupational skills in different parts of the country. Coupled with this increased workload, complex return filings will continue to increase dramatically and will require equivalent skilled personnel. The Workload shift has several Human Resources implications: -- Recruitment strategies, especially for technical personnel, will be necessary to meet the workload shifts to sunbelt areas and among service centers. -- Complexity and volume of returns will increase processing, collec- tion and examining time thus requiring personnel and training to develop adequate plans to accomodate the needs of other functions. (3) Dual Career Families The increased number of dual career families will have the following HR implications: -- A policy for dual IRS career families needs to be established, especially in regards to mobility. -- HR will need to address the possibility of fewer high quality employees willing to relocate because of financial considerations or spouses employed outside the IRS. -- Programs may need to be developed to accomodate personal family issues (i.e., child care, work schedules, leave policy) resulting from dual career families. (4) The number of female and minority workers in the IRS workforce will increase. A number of factors drive this development and may vary its pace: -- The volunteer army is attracting increasing numbers of minority recruits (e.g. , 40 percent black currently) and also, though to a lesser degree, women. The histori- cal proportion of white males to minorities and women enjoying the military preference in applying for Federal- sector jobs will change. 1. Ó Increasing representation of minorities and women in the total IRS Workforce will present a number of challenges which have HR implications: -- The current IRS organizational culture, whose norms are historically white, middle-class, male ones, will be likely to conflict with the culture of an increasing number of its employees. Multicultural awareness training will need to be incorporated into technical and managerial training programs. -- One academic authority in the field has spoken of a coming "ghettoization" of Federal sector employment: that such occupations will increasingly become "last resorts," the recourse of those who have no other. Were it to occur, such a development would be doubly unfortunate for the Service : a legacy of frustration for those who are imprisoned in it and a deterrent to recruitment. ( C. Federal Personnel Policies The last scenario to be considered involves the likelihood that Federal personnel management policies will create an increasingly adverse climate for managing personnel within the IRS. To see this prospect as a merely temporary one, bound to disappear when control of the White House changes, would be a mistake. Current public sentime nt suggests that changes to Federal personnel policies enjoy bipartisan Support. Policies such as limitations in the percentage of the annual adjustment in Federal salaries, Federal pension system reform, the emphasis on contract- ing out of services, workforce reductions, and increased efficiencies in gov- ernment operations are not likely to dissipate should a Democrat take the oath of office on January 21, 1988. For by that time, these policies will have twelve years of growing momentum behind them -- both in the Federal establishment itself (e.g. , career employees in OPM and OMB) and in the popular imagination. Admittedly, the Executive Branch does not have sole control of the direc- tion of Federal personnel policies; Congress has a role to play in either rejecting changes proposed or instituted by the Executive or in enacting those or other policies. Several factors will conspire, however, to limit ( the extent to which Congress will completely reverse the trend of the past twelve years. 13. -- There is no popular mandate ranged on the side of the Federal workforce, no constituency beyond a shrinking Federal workforce itself, The recent recession and disruption in the manufacturing and farm sectors of the economy will create no reservoir of good will toward allegedly threatened Federal workers. For that reason, although individual Congresspersons or coalitions may be responsive to the proportion of Federal workers in their own constituencies, no support in the abstract can be expected. -- There is the potent effect on popular perceptions of twenty years of anti-Federal-government, political rhetoric • George Wallace probably invented running against the "mess in Washing- ton" -- at least with lazy, unproductive Federal workers who are out of touch with larger American society as one of its common- places. In many respects, this perception parallels the popular view of the ‘welfare system and, to a lesser degree, of organized labor and employs a common glossary. Since then it has become an almost axiomatic theme in American public life, quite regard- less of whether the aspirants are Republicans or Democrats (e.g., Carter). However, there can be little doubt that the past five years have elevated the stridency of this sort of political rhetoric. This rhetoric has had two broad effects. On the one hand, in the absence of any case to the contrary, it largely dominates the popular imagination and shapes the attitudes of the electorate. Beyond simple apathy to the plight of Federal workers and their concerns, there is increased antipathy. On the other hand, this same message joins the daily newspaper headlines about Federal pay and pension cuts and RIFs in a grand chorus of disincentives to consider a career in Federal service: -- The Federal budget deficit will become increasingly the first principle upon which Federal personnel policy will be based. If at the present time the deficit, though enormous, does not appear to be causing any notable distress to the American economy as a whole, the day of reckoning must eventually dawn. The delay in addressing this problem, already nearly four years old, almost guarantees that the solutions will be of the "fire sale" variety and that actions adverse to the Federal workforce will be included. Likewise ensured is that Congress will have little room to maneuver in such a crisis situation. 14. In summary, then, although a majority in Congress may occasionally succeed in delaying or ameliorating the worst ravages of current trends in Federal personnel management policies, it would be a mistake to look to Congress to completely reverse those policies. The brute fact is that now and increasingly in the future those elements of Federal employment which have historically proved to be incentives in attracting and retaining quality - employees (e.g., job security, regular and irreversible raises, a stable and generous pension program, automatic within-grade raises, comparative ease in upward advancement) are being and will be lost. A convincing case can be made out that this is the most potent of the three scenarios and is likely to have a greater and more unilateral impact on the resort to increasing automation and on the future demographics of the IRS workforce, since it is likely to determine how the Service addresses those two scenarios. This scenario suggests a number of HR implications: -- The labor relations climate will worsen. Federal employee unions will fight the introduction of policies they regard as retrograde and injurious to their memberships on every available front -- within the Executive Branch, in Congress, but also in the employing organizations them- selves. Whatever positive steps the Service has taken thus far to improve its labor relations climate are likely to fall in this battle. Contract negotiations are likely to become more protracted and acrimonious. There is a real prospect for "guerilla" tactics in the filing of grievances. This would entail the costly commitment of more resources to the labor relations 3 T€3 e Full and timely sharing of HR strategic information and plans might ease these negative developments somewhat. -- The sensitive issue of advocacy within the Executive Branch and in Congress may need to be raised more explicitly and at the level of policy. Current HR advocacy on behalf of the Service and its person- nel tends to be tacit and byzantine, involving more the Way in which personnel management policies are implemented than the Way they are formulated. Yet the Service was more actively involved with Congress on the issue of tax reform in 1984. That advocacy 15. might be explored as a model for HR advocacy for the Service. Central to any capacity for advocacy is a capacity within the HR organization to gather relevant personnel data to project and to plan on the basis of that data. -- In particular, OPM authorization must be sought for large- scale experimentation in the personnel management of the Service. Currently, recourse to OPM tends to be ad hoc and piecemeal. The lack of any strategic plan for the Service's personnel management nor any ongoing capacity to do research in this area, to plan, or to meaningfully evaluate merely reinforces an approach that is barely adequate from fiscal year to fiscal year and will not be adequate for the challenges of the future. Top priority within the HR organization must be given to developing such a plan and installing such a process. IV. Observations The Service can sometimes seem like a great, primordial beast, beset on several flanks by increasing non-compliance, inadequate management systems, and out-of-date computer systems. The conclusions of our investigation of the environmental scan and projection data is that another flank must be added to this list: an eroding ability to recruit and retain quality employ- yees in the future. To interpret this conclusion as simply a ringing call for a beefed-up recruitment capacity for the Service would miss the point. It will not be enough to have an improved capacity for outreach if no one wants to be "reached out to" because the organization itself, its policies, its jobs, and its opportunities look unpromising. The Service needs to know who it will need to reach out to in order to carry out its mission, where they can be found, what is likely to attract them, and who is likely to accept the offer. Finally, high attrition would be likely to swamp even an augmented recruitment capacity -- quite apart from entailing increased personnel and training resources and costs. Traditionally (and no doubt too simply), the HR organization can be viewed as having been in the business of filling slots in the various functions of the Service with competent warm bodies in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Success was achieved once all the slots were filled with trained employees. Pay, pensions, promotions, and equitable administra- 16. of personnel policies were the way the slots were kept filled. The future, however, holds fewer slots and also the 1ikelihood that the Service will wake up one day (or enter some filing season) to find there are not enough Warm bodies either. Recent experience in recruiting at some of the Service Centers illustrates the dangers of relying on the momentum of business as usual. Even if the HR organization were intent upon performing its traditional role, it will no longer be enough that it perform merely that role. Even filling slots with warm bodies, if that is what it is to be, Will require new capacities and new strategies in the future. The Service must come to recognize that the "resources" in the title "Human Resources" are not just a fancy way of saying staffing. Genuine resources are assets for which serious accountability is expected. But an HR accountability has as a prerequisite both a process of accounting and a clear understanding of what is to be accounted for. The Service's traditional, narrow-gauge measure of program effectiveness and management performance perpetuates the view that success consists merely in achieving a certain favorable proportion between dollars collected, capital outlays, direct overhead, and salaries. The prospect of increased competition for a Workforce of a sufficient calibre or even its diminished availability recom- mends a more sophisticated approach to measuring program effectiveness and manager performance -- an approach that includes all the costs of the Service's human resources (e.g., the real costs of high attrition or of a hostile labor relations climate and the less tangible costs of undermotivated employees). There are many fronts on which large-scale organizational change can be pursued : individually, institutionally, and culturally. The mission of any emergent HR organization must be twofold: to project the human future of the Service and to contrast that future with the limitations of the Service's present; to offer the means whereby present and future can become more congruent. As it currently conducts its business, HR can do none of these. Projecting the future in contrast with the present requires data and models. Both the relevant general data and appropriate models are available, but not installed anywhere in the Service. Neither particular data relevant to the Service nor appropriate particularized models nor even systems to begin to accumulate this data are currently at hand. The case for the human future and for organizational change to prepare for that future can only be made with correctly interpreted information. The means to ensure the congruence of the Service's present with its human future must be the products of a reorganized HR. Many of these needed 17. future-oriented products and the processes required for their development and marketing have been addressed in the course of our analysis. We draw attention here to only one, admittedly global, imperative: that any emergent HR organ- ization be an agent of change in favor of the human future of the Service. This advocacy of change must be conducted on all the appropriate fronts of any large-scale organizational change. The most important element in this advocacy must be the development, marketing, and installation of a full and accurate accounting of human resources costs in a unified evaluation of program effectiveness and management performance. The Service's fascination with figures is part-and-parcel of its culture. That those figures be as complete and relevant as possible should be part of a new HR mission. There is an amazing organizational consistency running through the Service from top to bottom. In essence, the independence of the regional commissioner structure with its suggestion of baronies is replicated right down through the organization. Even a mid-scale size organization like HR has the same organizationally opaque and independent components within it (i.e., the various Divisions). Whatever the values of such a structure for the organization as a whole, HR's service of the human future will be inade- quate and unresponsive as long as this compartmentalization is reinforced. If a contrary style of operation is to be come into being, it will only be by explicitly including boundary-permeability and collaboration between and among the components of HR in the evaluation of HR program effectiveness and manager performance. The challenges of the future, as we see them, are formidable. There is no guarantee that some of the changes we recommend will have a positive effect on that future even if they are instituted rapidly. One can only look to the scan and projection data to make the contrary case : that a "business as usual" sign over HR risks that an "out of business" sign will hang there in the future. HUMAN RESOURCES ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS TASKFORCE STRATEGIC INITIATIVES SUB-GROUP REPORT Charles Friedman Larry Norris Mary Anderson Audet March 27, 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction and Summary l Strategic Initiative – Human Resources Activity Data Base 3 Analysis of Data Base - 5 Attachment 1 – Possible problem areas the taskforce should 6 address • Attachment 2 – Discussion of emphasis on individuals and on 8 Organizations Attachmen C 3 - Discussion of generalists and specialists 10 Attachment li – Description of each human resources major 11 program function or activity Attachment 5 – Description of each strategic initiative 17 Attachment 6 – Report listing all HR major activities and the 30 inititiatives first having a major impact, and then those having a minor impact on that program function INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY In preparation for implementing the new Human Resources Mission Statement, the Strategic Initiatives Sub-Group of the HR Organizational Effectiveness Taskforce has analyzed the impact of the initiatives on HR functions and activities. We asked the following questions: (Note: The initiative abbreviations have the following meanings: BEE – Balancing Efficiency and Effectiveness, ERR – Enhancing Recruitment and Retention of Employees, IMS - Developing an Information Management Strategy, and SWC - Strengthening Voluntary Compliance.) – Which initiatives assign new tasks we don't do or at least haven't done much of in the past? (Example ERR-01 – Counseling, including career development; relocation, employee assistance, financial, and redeployment counseling) - Which ones dramatically affect the way we do business? (Example, ERR-11 – Decentralization and Contracting of Training) – Which ones may affect our organizational structure whatever the taskforce does? (Example, MIS Staff and HRT – IMS-01, Establish Data Management Environment to Support Management Information Systems (MIS), IMS-02, Establish an Information Resources Management Function, and IMS-08, User Guidance for Systems Development). – Which ones can we really "shine" on? (Example, ERR-01, plus ERR-10, Anticipation of Future Changes in Work – Technological Displacement (and Other Changes), IMS-07, Formalize Processes for Dealing with Human Resources Impacts, and IMS-11, Taxpayer System Redesign). – Which ones do we absolutely have to do? (Example, ERR-11, Decentralization and Contracting of Training, plus ERR-01, Rules of Conduct). - In Which OneS Can We COntribute COncrete and achieveable support that will be useful (and appreciated)? (Example, automated systems for ERR-07, Employee Protection, ERR-11, Recruitment Planning, etc.) In our analysis, it became apparent that some initiatives will have a far greater impact on the Human Resources organization than others. Also, some will cause more short-term need for change, whereas others will create the need for long-term change efforts. In either case, we believe that the most important initiatives to be addressed from an HR perspective are: – The ERR initiatives all have potential for major changes in the kind of services to be provided by the Human Resources organization. Many opportunities for changing the overall culture of IRS are presented by these initiatives. ERR-10 (Technological Displacement) will necessitate innovative approaches to redeploying and, perhaps, "decruiting" those employees who do not have the skills required by the new work systems. ERR-11; provides for decentralizing and contracting out of training which has been one of HR's most successful programs. - BEE-05 (Identify and Measure Effectiveness Goals) could result in the need for totally revamping our performance appraisal and reward systems, and will force cross-functional goal setting. - BEE-11 (Require the Use of Cross-Functional Implementation Teams) will change the Way in which we plan future work systems (i.e., through introducing technology). The operating style of HR should move from purely reactive to proactive. - SWC–07 (Improve the Effectiveness of IRS Examinations) and SVC-10 (Strengthen Training for IRS Examiners) combined with the Automated Examination System (AES) should totally change the examination jobs in the Service. HR should be integral to the redesign effort. - The IMS initiatives will change the environment of the Service to that of an information-based environment. This will create numerous challenges and opportunities for HR to aid the other functions in making the transition and will enable HR to do planning and evaluation in a more thoughtful manner. In Attachment 1 we have identified several factors that might impede or block the implementation of the new Human Resources Mission Statement. Addressing these as a priority part of our charter should give our overall effort a much greater chance of success. Attachment 2 discusses a need for greater emphasis on the value of individual people in increasing the effectiveness of the Service. Attachment 3 defines a requirement for generalists as well as specialists in a flexible HR organization. 2 STRATEGIC INITIATIVE - HUMAN RESOURCES ACTIVITY DATA BASE One of the primary tools developed in our research is a Zilog Informix data base defining the impact of each Strategic Initiative on each major Human Resources activity or function. The data base contains the following information: 1. For each Strategic Initiative – a. Initiative number b. Initiative title c. Initiative description 2. For each Human Resources major program activity (e.g., dealing With unions, developing training courses, etc.) – a. Activity code b. Activity description c. Activity division (The Human Resources Divison that currently seems to have the most to do with that activity. In the future ???) d. Activity emphasis (Whether the function seems to emphasize working with individual people or with organizations) 3. Information indicating the impact of an individual Initiative on a particular Human Resources activity - a. Degree of impact (Major – changes the way we do business or involves a large volume of workload) (Minor — similar to what we do now and of relatively insignificant volume) b. Nature of impact e (e.g., design a work system, plan a course, etc.) ) l!. Informix "Perform" screens are available to search, analyze, and retrieve On items such as — a. What impact does a specific Initiative have? b. What impact is there on a particular Human Resources division? - c. Which Initiatives affect a specific Human Resources activity? d. Which activities focus on individuals (or organizations)? e. Which Initiatives have a major (or minor) impact? 5. The following preformatted Informix "Ace" reports are currently available, and more can be provided as needs arise: a • A definition of each major program function or activity identified within the purview of the Human Resources organization (Attachment l;). b. A brief description of each Strategic Initiative 5). c. A report listing all the Strategic Initiatives, indicating which of HR's major activities should have a role in implementing each one. ( Attachmen t d. A report listing all HR major program areas or activities, and the Initiatives first having a major impact, and then those having a minor impact on that program function. (Attachment 6). - e. A report similar to 5d above, but separating those activities which focus on the individual and on the organization. f. A report similar to 5d above, selecting only those Initiatives which have a major impact. At the present time, this Informix data base is located on the Human Resources Network System 7. Given its relatively small size, it can easily be copied onto other Zilog systems and be modified to fit specialized user needs. ANALYSIS The following presentation highlights some comparative statistics on the data in the Strategic Initiative – Human Resources Activities data base: 1. 2. (These figures are based on assigning activities or functions to their Number of Initiatives 55 Number of activities x 25 If every Initiative affected every activity Number of impact records designated "major" 128 Number of impact records designated "minor" +2||7 Of 1375 possible, those marked with an impact 375 (Major — changes the way we do business or involves a large volume of workload) (Minor — similar to what we do now and of relatively insignificant volume) Of 78 records marked Of 78 records marked Of 78 records marked Of 78 records marked "Ma jor" "Major" "Major" "Major" - BEE Initiatives 9 – ERR Initiatives 38 - IMS Initiatives 67 - SWC Initiatives +1]; T25 (BEE – Balancing Efficiency and Effectiveness ERR – Enhancing Recruitment and Retention of Employees IMS - Developing an Information Management Strategy SWC - Strengthening Voluntary Compliance) "Ma jor" "Major" "Ma jor" "Ma jor" "Major" "Major" records records records records records records current Human Resources Division.) 5. (The emphasis is heavily on the side of the organization as opposed to the affecting Personnel Div 37 affecting Training & Dev Div 35 affecting HRT 21 affecting MIS 32 affecting TAAS l affecting Dir of Practice + 2 Tag "Major" records emphasizing the Individual 35 "Major" records emphasizing the Organization +93 individual.) Tag 1375 "impacts" Attachment 1 PROBLEMS TO ADDRESS The taskforce's mission has been broadly defined in terms of preparing recommendations which will facilitate the implementation of the new Human Resources Mission Statement. An important aspect of this process should be the identification of factors which could impede or block this implementation, in order to minimize their effects. In this regard, much can be learned by looking at those things which the HR organization currently does not do well, or which reflect a mode of thinking which is inconsistent with the new mission statement. Addressing these as a priority part of our charter should give our overall effort a much greater chance of success. The following items represent potential problem areas which the task force Should address: 1. Organizational culture which discourages risk taking by employees and managers at all levels. 2. Nationally mandated uniformity in organizational structure, irrespective of local conditions, creativity, or cost effectiveness. 3. Management style, which is reinforced through the objective setting and evaluation process, which values efficiency measures of task and mission accomplishment highly, while minimizing the importance of our "human resources" as the tool which allows us to accomplish the mission (i.e., work orientation rather than people orientation,) and minimizing long-term mission effectiveness over short-term efficiency objectives accomplishments. l!. Unwillingness to accept mistakes as the price for creativity. 5. Unwillingness to give and receive criticism, which leads to extreme uptightness and reactiveness to the evaluation process (NORP), which in turn leads to an impotent and irrelevant evaluation effort. 6. Inability to respond on an expedited, or even timely basis, in order to complete a project. 7. Narrow perspective which focuses on the letter rather than the spirit of an instruction passed down from higher levels. 8. Negative perspective which reacts with an initial "I can't" rather than an "I'll try", or "The manual doesn't permit that" rather than "Within the constraints of the manual, we do have the following flexibilities and options", etc. 9. Over specialization of analysts and managers, resulting in incomplete answers, or excessive numbers of people needing to be involved in order to get a complete answer. 10. Progressively minimized authority of each level of management, such that most first line managers (section chiefs) are merely work leaders. Attachment 2 INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS In terms of defining an approach for the task force to follow, it may be informative to share a process that the Strategic Initiatives sub-group went through. We reviewed the functional statements in IRM 1100, in order to be able to describe in generic terms the activities that each Division is currently responsible for. Through this mechanism, we planned to be able to identify what work requirements might be generated by the Strategic Initiatives and tie them back into the Human Resources activities. In doing this, we ultimately found that our categorization for the Training and Development Division was inadequate. We had described its role in terms of the steps of the course development process, as is done in 1100. We found ourselves entering in our spreadsheets the same task in several different blocks, thus not making any meaningful distinctions between activities in Training. In discussing alternatives, we experimented with several ideas, including organizing Training's roles by type of training (e.g., functional, management, etc.) or by type of organization serviced. These all proved to be unsatisfactory. They did, however, lead us to a realization that the "development" role in the Division's title seems to apply only to some Organizational Development activities (on a small scale). However, aside from some structures in place like the Individual Development Plans and self-paced instruction in Computer Based Training, not much is oriented to Employee Development, that is, to individual people rather than to overall organizational Objectives. Taking this exercise one step further, we came to a conclusion that Training and Development Division has four major roles embedded in its theoretical mission, as follows: —Employee Development —Course Development —Organizational Development —Evaluation of field activities. The above analysis evolved into a categorization of all Human Resources activities into two major groupings — those that are focused around organizational issues and services, and those that are focused around individual employee issues and services. For instance, designing a course is relatively independent of the individual characteristics of those who will take the course. The course design focuses on the learning objectives which an anonymous GROUP of employees must achieve, given certain assumptions about their general suitability to receive and understand the material being taught. Revenue Agent Basic Course #1 is specifically designed for "generic" trainee RA's, not specifically for RA John Doe. On the other hand, an employee development session focuses on the needs of a specific individual, given his/her past experience, career goals, etc. RA John Doe signs up for a training course or developmental detail, not a generic employee or group of employees. Similarly, an employee counseling activity focuses on the special needs of a particular person, providing services tailored to his/her need. When we took all of Human Resources' activities and listed them under a label of individual Oriented vs. group/organizationally oriented, we found that the overwhelming bulk of our current activities (and correspondingly our resources) fall under the organizational heading. Realizing that from a headquarters level we may have to concentrate on the macro rather than micro perspective, this did seem to highlight one of the Service's biggest problems. We don't value our employees as individuals or as a resource, but rather put a tremendous focus on mission and goal accomplishment, assuming that somehow our work force will do what's needed to get the job done. Reflecting back on the "In Search of Excellence" video tape on dynamic companies which are outstanding achievers, a central theme was the value they put on their employees' contribution to the company's success. While this was expressed in a variety of ways, they all seemed to put a premium on creating a corporate culture which made the employees proud to be a part of the organization's mission, responsible for its success/failure, and recognized for the contributions they made. A recognition of the imbalance which Service management has created in this factor could facilitate a change in culture/outlook which catalyzes improved organizational effectiveness. (There it is again — even in the name of this task force, we have reflected our perspective that the organization is effective, not the employees who make up the organization! On the other hand, a couple of years ago we might have been called the Organizational Efficiency Taskforce...) Attachment 3 GENERALIST WS. SPECIALIST Another problem identified as causing organizational INeffectiveness is a kind of tunnel vision which results in narrow perspectives, over specialization, and turf fighting. HR should consider moving to a more generalist approach and/or of breaking down organizational structures which foster this (i.e., common task analysis skills in position management, employment, and training). Looking at the above analysis of individual vs. group/organizational functions performed by Human Resources, there seems to be a much easier growth into expanded (big picture) approaches on the part of managers and employees when there is a commonality of objectives grouped along these lines. For example, when a task analysis is performed which focuses on what a position is doing, there is a natural extension of the data gathering (AS WELL AS THE SKILLS AND MENTAL APPROACH INVOLVED) if this same person begins to think about the next logical iteration of the process. It is then a reasonable jump to go from looking at the position, to looking at the position in conjunction with the positions it relates to or reports to (designing the organizational structure), where its work comes from and goes to (work assignment and workflow), what skills are needed to perform the work (qualifications analysis), where those skills are likely to be acquired (recruitment sources), if they are unavailable, or too expensive to acquire, what we can do to compensate for the lack of skills (setting training objectives), how success is measured for those doing the work (defining critical elements), etc. In a similiar vein, when a person needs counseling, the counselor will be dealing with that employee's unique individual situation, and would need the same kind of skills to be able to help employees understand what their career goals are and how to achieve them as they would to understand what their personal goals are and what personal problems may be blocking them which external counseling could assist with. Organizations in Human Resources which have their responsibilities grouped together in the manner described above would be much more flexible, with employees whose skills would be much more interchangeable and thus able to provide proactive service which is responsive to the organization's most current priorities, without duplicating specialized skills in various "Balkanized" functions which do not cooperate together to help achieve timely accomplishment of work. 10 DRG ANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS TASK FORCE Attachment 4 STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REFOR. T Report Date – Wed Mat 27 1985 DESCRIFTIſ) N OF ACTIVITIES DIVISION : FERS [] NNEL DIVISION A CT I JIT Y C D D, E : 1 & EMFHAS IS ON INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) OR ORGANIZATION ( [] R[; ) : IND DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY : D EVEL OF AND COORD IN ATE FOLICIES AND FRO CED URES G D VER NING THE RE CRUIT MENT y AD (J & N C E MENT F RET ENTION ? E V ALL! # TIC) N y AND RED EFL D Y MENT OF Eff F L [] YEE 3 y AND FA Y A ND E ENEFIT FROGRAMS AFFECTING EMFLſ) YEES E A SED ON Cl] RRENT AND F O REC & STED NEED S : A CT I JIT Y C C D E : 1 E. EMF HASIS [] N INDIVIDUAL (IND) } {}R OF GANIZATION ( [] R. G.) : ORG DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACTIVITY : D. E J E L OF AND C D D, RD IN & T E F O LI CIES AND FR O CED URES GOVERNING THE CLASSIFICATION []F FOSITIONS , THE C E SIGN D F D R G & NIZATION 5 & N D W D R K S Y S T E M S 2 THE ASSIGN MENT OF WORK TO F USIT IO N S y AND THE EFFECTIVE U TILIZATIO N C F RES [] U R C E S , A CT IV, IT Y CO DE : 1 C EMF HAS IS UN INDIVIDUAL (IND ) [] R [] F. G A NIZATION ( [] F. G.) : IND DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITY : D EVEL OF AND C [] O.R.D IN A TE FOLICIES AND F. R O CED URES THR [] UGH WHICH THE SERVICE EST A E, LISHES IT S INTERN & L L AE; D R REL AT I [] N S CLIMATE * IN CL LIDING E M FL [] YEE C[] NDUCT AND DISCIF LIN A R Y FOLICIES : A CT I JIT Y CODE : 1 D EMF'HA9. I5 [] N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) OR D R G & NIZATION ( [] R G ) : D R C DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITY : C[] [] RD IN A TE THE E: ILATER AL FR O CESS THROUGH WHICH IRS NiAN AGEMENT AND THE NTEU C D M Mil] NICATE y NE GO TIA TE : § ND RES D L V E D ISF. UTES : A CT I (JIT Y COD, E : 1 E EMF HASIS ON INDIVIDUAL (IND ) OR ORGANIZATION (ORG ) : OF. G DE 3 CRIFTIC, N OF ACTIVITY : EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF FROGRAM A CCOMFLISHMENT £, CHIEVE I) E: Y FIELD OFFICES IN THESE PER SONNEL F'R'ſ) GR & M & RE AS 4 11 ZI * Sº 3 × 3 W 335] O. H.3 BS E H J N T SE JI - 30 (ITIEI - A 3 (J E (). EIH J & lin E. WHSI T1 - W [] O J & W & H5] [] § 3 - [] A LIT 9 ſ tº 3 H L = Lºſ Tiº (, 3 : A LI () I.I. Jº 30 N [] II. HIH J S B (l 5) HD : { {}}}[] ) NO I Lº ZIN \}5}\} [] 30 ( (INI) T1% ſl (1If I (INI NO SIS 3 H.3 WH (12 : E J O J A LI (? Il Q & * SEſ SSI T1*}}}ſ, 1 Tiſh J }} E H L [] (JN 9 NO II ºf ZIN k}{}}} [] HH L [] in I SB BA [] T.3 W B 5) N.I.T. & Tl'IWIS 59 5) NI (Iſ Tl Jin I * S W \}}{5} [] }} + () fºlk, 4 SE JI () H35 º NIJ. Tiſ] 3 N U J 4 I N E W - O Ti 3 () B (1 Tiki NO II tº ZIN 95) + [] 3 (II () [] § 3 (1 Nº. 4 HO TIE ( 3 (1 * Nº Ti 3 : A LI () I.I. Jº 30 NO II. HI}}JSE (I 5) HD ; (5) H [] } N [] I 19 ZIN \} {}}J D H Q ( (lin I) Tº ſl (IIſ, I (INI NO SIS ºf H.3 W B JZ $ 3 (10 J A LI () I.I. Jº 5) NIN Nº Ti 3 NO ISS E J J'ſ S 3 T E () 3 (I O EX3 A H 35] § Nº W 5) NI (Iſl T J N I SW 9 - 50 U. × 3 × N.INI tº X; L E lºſſ T1% () B (JN 9 : B || k} NI (IX: O Ú J # 1 NEW - O - Ti 3 () B (1 (JN 9 Nº ISE ( 340 1 0 3}} | NO J } 0 (JT HI+ 3 [] - B | Nº H \{ \} 30 W H (D - HE - : Nº Ti 3 : S E (). Il Q 3 ſ 30 GN 9 SO BEN 5) NINI : X L E X: / 5) NIN IV H L * 5) - 0. A - Ilin B (II - Lin E W - O Ti 3 () B (1 ESXi ſi [] J : Al Iſ Il J & 30 NOIl diſ?, JSE (I 5) H [] . ( {}}} [] ) N [] Ilky ZIN \}{}}} [] }}[] ( (in I) Tº ſl (II () IGNI NO SIS 3 H.H.W 3 32 : B (10 J A LI () I.I. J & * | NEW H [] TE ( E (I 3 () I liſt J EXE / H 35) tº Nº W 5) NI (Iſ T J N I * liſ BW d'O THE A.E ( 33 3 H 9J HIEHI NI SEEA 0 TJW B 3.0 - (] Hºlſt) B XI 30 BT13%TIV) () (3 E3 TTIti SEILINſ|130,3,3D 3E Hl () (JN 9 JNINIVAl 30 SKINIX I VHM HiWIW 33.130 01 S33ſ (1330.3.3 (JNV $3T JITſ).3 d [] T13 () B (j - 1 NBW 40 TBſ) 3G H H A [] Tk.3 WB : Al Iſ Il J & 30 NOIl HI: JSE (I (INI : (5)}} [] ) NO II tº ZIN #5). HD X40 ( (INI) "lºſi (IIſ, I (INI NU S IS / H.3W E. 92 : B (10 J A LIYY Il Qk? NOISIſ) IQ 1 NBW H U TIE ( 3 (1 (JNº 5) NINI : X3.1 : NOISIſ) IQ 5 BILI(\ll J% + [] NOI 1 - IX, JSE (I G8& I ZZ J & W Pati – a 3 & J } 10 day | HO d? § 3 (YIlk? I LINI JI5]3.1% HLS 3 JX40 - }{5 \}l SSBN 3 () I.1. Q 33 - 3 T 3 NOI 19 ZIN 95) : [] [] F. G A NIZATIOf{{AL EFFECTIVE NESS T A 5% F [] RCE STRATEGIC I). ITIATIVE REFORT Report Date – Wed Mar 27 1985 DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACT I WITIES DIVISION : HUMAN RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY 5T AFF A CTI MIT Y C D D, E : 3 A EjiF HAS IS UN INDIVIDU & L (INE) ) {}R D R C A NIZATIſ) N ( [] R[º, ) : U R G DES C. E. IFT IO N OF ACTIVITY : AD, VISE MAN & GEF 3 DN "HUMAN " F A CTORS FEL ATINſ. TD THE INTRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION [] F All T D M ATION . - ń CTIVITY C [] D E : 3 E. EMFHASIS [] N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) [] R C F. G A NIZATION ( [] R G ) : ORG DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITY : - F. R D VII) E M A N & GEMENT C 0 N SULT IN G SERVICES T [] Miń NAG E R 5 , ACTIVITY CODE: 30 Eii FH ASIS [] N IN DIVID | | \L ( IND ) {}R [] R[.. à NIZATIſ) M ( [] F. G ) : U R G DESCRIFT Iſ N C F & CTIVITY : C[] ND J C T RESE & R C H EFF D R T S [I] N H U M & N F & C T OF 5. Ç [] NSIDER AT I O N 5 ; £, CTI JIT Y C D D, E : 3D EMFHASIS ON INDIVIDUAL (IND ) OR OR GANIZATIC, N ( [JR G ) : ORG D ESCRIFT Iſ N C F & CTI (JIT Y : C [] O.R. D. T. N. & T E WITH U U T SID E U R G & NIZAT I [] N S [] N H J M A N F & C T ORS ISS UES : 13 D R G A NIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS T A.S.K F D F C E STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REPORT . Report Date – Wed Ma T 27 1985 DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITIES D Il) ISI [I] N. : M A N & GEMENT INFORM & T II) N 9. Y S T E M S S T A FF A CT I WITY C D D, E : 4 £, EfiPHASIS ON IN DIVIDUAL ( IND ) {} R D R G A NIZATION ( [] R[.. ) : [] R. G DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACT I (JIT Y : - FR [] W II) E. F. R. [][, RAM MANAGEMENT OF MIS SYSTEMS FOR CF. Q S S FUNCTION AL EXE Clſ TIVES ( E, G , , DE MIS IF. F. MI5 y £; M D FR IM E \ , A CTI MIT Y CODE: 4 E. - E. M. F. H. A 5 I 3 [] N IND Ily ID | } & L (INE) ) {}R D R C & NIZATIſ N ( D R C ) : [] R. [. [] ESCRIFT Iſ N C F & CTI JITY : F'R' [] / ID E & D \}ICE * G | | Iſ A N CE y á S3 IST ANCE * @ ND C[][] R D IN A TIſ N F OR DESIGNERS AND DE JEL OF ERS OF SER ‘JICE MI9 SYSTEMS , § CT I (JIT Y C C D E : 4 C EMF'H #9; IS [] N IND I JID | } {}L (IND) } {}R [] F. G A NIZATIſ) N ( [] R. C. ) : Ifº D DES C F. IFT Iſ N C F £, CT I tº IT Y : ń 5 SI 3 T SER ‘JICE EXECUT I'JES IN THE SELECTIſ) ºf 2 F'R' [] C U R. E. M. E N T W INST ALL & TI O N 9 A N [] UTILIZATIſ tº [] F FER S [] N & L. C. ſ. MF' U T E R S 4 A CT I (JIT Y CODE: 4D E. M. F. H & 5. IS O N IN DIVID U & L ( IND ) OR OF. G A NIZAT I [] N ( C F. G ) : D F G DESCRIFTION OF ACT I JIT Y : DEVEL OF AND COOR DIN ATE THE AUTOMATION OF HUMAN R. E. SU U R C E S FUNCT I [] NS AND A CT I V ITIES : 14 OR GANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS TASK FORCE STRATEGIC INITIATIVE REFORT Report Date – Wed Mar 27 1985 DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITIES DIVISION : T & X AD, MINISTRATION ADVISORY SERVICES DIVISION A CTI MIT Y CODE: 5 § E MiFH ASIS [] N IN DIVIC U AL (IND ) OR D R G A NIZATION ( [] RG ) : U R G DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACTIVITY: [] UER SEE ON SITE ASSIST ANCE FR0 C R A M9 IN FOREIGN CD UNTRIES : A CTI MIT Y CODE: 5E EMFHAS IS O N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) OR ORGANIZATION ( 0 RG ) : D R G DESCRIFTION OF ACTIVITY : [] / ER SEE SERVICE FARTICIF AT Iſ N IN INTERN A TID NAL T & X [] R G A NIZATION 5 ; A CT IVITY CODE : 5 C EMFHASIS [] N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) OR OR GANIZATION ( [] R. G.) : ORG DESCRIFTION OF ACT IV, IT Y.: C [] ORD IN A TE CO N T & C T S WITH D THER U S G D VERNMENT A GEN CIE 3 & N D F D F. EIGN OF FICIAL S : A CTI MIT Y C D D, E : 5 [] EMF'Hº 5 IS [] N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) OR OR GANIZATION ( [] R[; ) : IND DES CRIFTIC, N OF & CTIVITY : C[] [] RD IN A TE TEMF D R & R Y ASSIGN MEN T S WITH ST A TE AND LO CAL GO VERNMENTS 15 DF, G & NIZATIONAL EFFECTIVE NESS TASK F D R CE S T R & T E GIC INITIATIU E REFOR. T Report. Date – Wed Mar 27 1985 DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES DIVISION : [] FFICE OF THE DIRECT OF D F F. R A CT ICE ń CT I (JITY C [] D F : 3 & EMF'HASIS UN IN DIVIDUAL (IND) } {} R U R G A NIZATIC, N ( [] R[.. ) : [] Rſ. DES CF, IFT Iſ N C F & CTI (JITY : D E V E L Q F. & N D & D MINISTER AN EXAMIN AT Iſ N T H R J jū H WHICH IN DIVIDUALS [] iſ A LIF Y F [] F. E. N.F. [] LL MENT T [] F. R A CT ICE EEF D FE THE IRS & ACTIVITY CODE : é, E. EMF. Hº SIS [] N INDIVIDUAL ( IND ) [] F. [] F. G & NIZATIſ) N ( [] R[.. } : [] F. C. DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACTIVITY : #, D, MINIST ER THE EN F. [] LL MENT #FFLICAT I [] N FR [] [.. E55 AND DETERMIN E SUIT AEILITY FOR ENRO LL MENT . A CT I'M IT Y C [][) E : & C Eji F. H & SIS [] N IN DIVIDU AL (INE) ) {}R. D. R. G A NIZ & T I {} N ( [] R[.. ) : IND DESCRIFT Iſ N OF ACTIVITY : T & KE DIS CIF LIN A R Y ACT Iſ NS # G# INST TH [] SE WHO A.E. J.S.E THE RIGHT TO FR § CT ICE EEF QRE THE IF. S. £, CTI'ſ IT Y C [] D E : é, D EMF Hº SIS [] N IN [] IV ID | } {\L (INT ) {}R OF. G A NIZATIſ N ( U R G ) : If{I} DE 3 CF, IFT Iſ N C F A CTI MIT Y : C [] [] RD IN & T E THE ENR [] L. E D A CT U ARY FR D G R A M ; 16 [] R. G A NIZATION & L EFFECTIVE NESS T & 3 K FORCE Attachment 5 S T R A TE GIC INITIATIVE REFORT Report Date – Wed Mar 27 1985 DES CRIFTION OF INITIATIVES INITI & TIVE N LIME: ER EEE – ) 1 IN IT. If TI (J E TITLE: E G T A E, LISH A S T R & T E GIC F L & N N IN G GRſ) ||F INITIATIVE DESCRIFTION: IN SLIFF ORT OF THE FLANNING CO LIN CIL DESIGNA TE THE £, SSI 3 T & N T C D M MI9. SIO NER (FL AN NIN G F FIN A N C E & N D F, ESEARCH) AND THE CHAIRMEN OF THE FOUR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES T E A MS TO SERVE AS ME ME: ERS OF A S T R A T E GIC FLANNING SUFF'ſ) RT GF: QUF RESF O N SIELE FOR EN SUF. IN C F D LLD W - THROUGH [] N & LL INITIATIVES £) F. F. R O JED EY THE C [] NiñISSION EF: , INITIATI (J E N | | ME. E. F. : EEE – O 2 INITI & TIVE TITLE: IN CRE ASE & W & RE N ESS OF AND CO M MIT fie N T TO S T R & T E GIC F. L. A N N IN G F. R O CESS INITIATIVE DESCRIFTION : R. E J ISE CO MF LETELY THE F. R O C E D i ! R & L A ND ſ R. G A NIZA- T I [] N & L DESCRIFT Iſ N OF THE IRS S T R & T E GIC F L & N N IN G SY S T E M T [] I NSURE THAT THE SYST E M T S W E LL [] O C U M E N T E D : UNDERST [..] [I] [] . A N C C D M MIT TED TO E. Y M & N A C E R S & N D EXECUT I'JES & T & L. L. L. E J E L S , F. R O J IDE F OR & F ERIO C, IC REM IN DEF ( C Y CLI C £, L.) T [] [] E J E L OF . S{} E. MIT y & N D C [] NSIDE R S T R & T E GIC ISSUES AND IN ITI & TIVES : INITIATIVE NU ME; ER E; E E - Q 3 INITI & TIVE TITLE: EXF AND CO N T R A CT IN G D F [] & A D F SERVICES INITIATIVE DESCRIFT Iſ N : E UD GET FUND S IN ALL F | } NCTION AL fl F.E & S F ſ] R U L T SIDE [] FFICE & UT D M & TIſ N (O & ) AND OTHER [] A T A FR [] CESSING { D F ] & FF LIC AT I O N S A N C EXFER TISE TO E N & E L E THE SERVICE TO RESF O ND TIMELY TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND SHIFT S IN OF GANIZATIONAL DIRECTION INITIATIVE NU ME E R E; E E — C, 4 INITIATIVE TITLE: E X F A N [] FIELD L A T IT l ; D E IN || 3 If [.. RES [] U R C E 5 INTT I & T H WE DESCRIFT IO N : Fr. C. J IDE DISTRICT OFFICES & N D SER ‘JICE CENTERS iſ F. E. Fi. EXIF, ILTTY AND L A TITL DE TO DIW ERT RESOURCES AND Ü [] . [] iſ £T T E S T 5 T H E Y E; ELIEVE WILL if A K E T H E M M C F. E EF FE. C. § IV E * EVEN IF SUCH DIVER, SIO N M [] D IFIES N , D : i. ſ. F. K. P. L. A N S y F. R O CED J RE 3 y A N D F R. A CT ICE 3 RE SO L. R. C. E. F. EDIRECTIſ N S W C ULD. E. E LIMITED TO IN TRA – F UN C T IO N & L £ tº [] IN T R A – A FF ROF RIATION SHIFT S ; WITH NAT I [] Nº, L OFFICE NO TIF I C A TI O W T C F O LLO W , 17 [] F. G A NIZATIſ) NAL EFFECTIVENESS T & SK FORCE S T R & T E GIC INITIATIVE REF'ſ) RT Report Date – Wed Mar 27 1985 D ESCRIFTION OF INITIATIVES INITIATIVE NU ME; ER E; E E - () 5 INITIATIVE TITLE: II) ENT IF Y AND MEASURE EF FE CTIVE NESS G [] § Lº INITIf TIVE DESCRIFT IO N : THR! [] { } GH THE FL AN NING CID UN C T L * IDENT IF Y SER ‘JICE -- # IDE EFFECTIVEN ESS G D & LS CONSON & N T WITH THE IRS tº ISSION, THROUGH THE A/C 5 AND FIELD LINE MGMT ORGANIZATIONS, IDENTIFY CRITICAL ACTIVITIES, THROUGH THE STRATEGIC FLANNING SUFF ORT GROUF 'S F.E. l. IE 4 IDENT IF Y G [] & LS THAT [] / ERL AF OR REQUIRE CD ORD IN ATIC, N E ETWEEN FUNCTION 5 ; DEFINE AND IMF LEMENT MF M T INF [] SYSTEMS F D F MONITORING ! IN & S [I] E. JE CTI'ſ E £, M A N N E R & S IS FE A SIE L E & F. R D G R A M F. E. St J L T S F. E. L. A TI N G T G THE SE CRITE RIA's INITIATIU E N \ j}{E. E. F. : EEE – C & INITIATIVE TITLE: INCREASE THE USE OF O N - LINE REVIEWS IN IT. If TI (J E D ESCRIFT Iſ N : fi O NIT OF. F. R O C R & M EFFECTIVEN ESS v Miń KIN [.. [.. RE & TER USE {}F [] tº - LINE REVIEW AS QFF [] SED TO F. [] S T - F. E. J.I.E. W. THIS WILL : T N S [] iſ E. C. §§ E3 2 RE { t_j IF E RED ESIGNING CLJ RRENT M & N A GEMENT INF () F. M. A TIſ N S Y S T E M S T [] F. R D VII) E TIMELY # tº D A C C U R & T E REF'ſ F T S IN F D F M & T I O N , INITI (; T IV E N || M. E. E. F. : E E E – () 7 INITIATIVE TITLE: D E CENT F. & LIZE TREND & N & L. Y SIS INITI & TIVE DESCRIFT Iſ N : IN C R. E. & SE THE FIELD & N C F UN CT I [] N £, i. IMF & C T [] N RES E A R C H & N D F L & N N IN G A CTIVITY THRO || GH M C F. E. IN J G L VEMENT IN THE FROCESS EY : — — C, E C E N T R A LIZ IN G 3 D M E N AT I [] N AL RES E & R C H & N D F. L & N N IN C & C T I (JITIES TO SELECTED TREND) – 3 E N SITIVE [] IS T RIC T S : — — R. [I] T & T IN E S D ME FIEL C. E. M. F. L. D Y E E S A N D NAT I [] Nº L. [] FFICE F UN CT I O N & L E M F. L. D Y EES IN TO RESE & R. CH AND |FL A N N IN G D I.) ISI [I] N S F D F EXTENDED ( E . [G : y T - U YE A R ) £ 3 SIGN ºf E \! T S : If... ITI & TT J E J J M E. E. F. : E E E – O 8 It! ITI & T I I, E TITLE: I ºf F. R. [I] ...) E TREND REF'ſ) R, TI Nſ, It! ITI & TIVE DESCRIFT I [] N. : 3, IfáFF: O J E THE CURRENT SYST Eii F D F ID ENT IF Y IN ſ. TREND 5 E: Y : — — if, KIN G C. R. E. & T E R U GE OF O LIT 9 IDE EXFER, TISE : — — D E J E L [] FIN (, TREND REF OR T S A T & E L E CTE I) TREND) – & Eid & IT. T. J.E. [..] T S T R T C T OF FIC E S : 18 B J } {} + X43 kg i. 55 E N 3 ſº I L J H H + 3 T & N [] I 19 ZIN & 5) + [] £ () - HM B ; H = H in ſº N + () I.i. tº I L If... I * 33 B. A. O. "I dº B. HU - 3 W & 35. [] § 3 ; 3 ºf . I - T. & J T S A. H.3 ± (II () [] }} } {} i SA § fi : H [] T : X 3 ; N [] I 1 - I H J S 3 (; 3 () I.] § I L INI 33 E. N. L.I.ii Tikº J T S A. H.3 - 53 B. A. [] Tl Hy! E: Ti Tl 9 : [] L N + W. L & H H i. ; : T L II. Hiſ I.1% I L INI Z () - H - 3 3 H 33 W T N 3 ſº I l k I.] If I * O L 3 | Nº W 3 J & T 3 ſ] [] 4 5 - J N ºf NI : * † NIH L & H H B E H & J & J [] I Lº Tj [] THE 3 Sky H J ſl S # 5 33 AD. T. 3 W B [] | N + 3 J N [] ] Tlkſ N 0.5 x 3 + · [] § 1. J H ! 3 ſ 5 fi [] N [] I Lº W H [I] : NI (I N \} E J N \} }. 3 IS 3 & 4 5) NIT 33 Nſ|{}J B {| If [] H.3 : NU II. HI}}J 53 (1 Elfº II & Il If I 53 NITIES N T J J - 3 33 Å, ſ] T13 W 3 T1 " kh H [] L N E W i. ºf H H i. : ET | I]. Hiſ Il k? I }. If I T () -- 3:33 3 H 3: W T N H (\ Ilº I LINI - ° S W k? §§ {}}}.3 E JI () }} E S T & N DI L J N T 3 - Il Tl||W É) NI liſ BW3T13 WI NHHri Sºlº 31 Tiº NDII JNſ 3-530.30 AQT d W3 : N 0 T 1.3 IAE J S B C E () I lº I L INI SW k} 3.1 * [] I j k l N E W H T : W T Tik N [] I L J fl ſi - - SS [] H J - U E S T E M T || || 3 }} ; : T. j. II. Hiſ I.1% I L INI T I – 3 3: ; H = HW ſlin E (). Ilk II. If I * A Ti H ºff Tiſ 53 3 H S A 3 ſ, 3 || 3 N U IN I.- U QIT 3 || 4 5) NIJ 0 || C. N. U J - - * }{T} &# 3 (IE E - 3 3 A. k d X & L H [] : 5) ſº I }{Sk: ; N 3 || 3 || k} |. S & S 35 kg HJ & 3 X 3 L ſº I 5) \! I () || T J N I.-- * S.H.E. N. [] I L I L J & H.3 (I Nº. 3 + 3 A. k + X ºf L W [] }} + 3 J N H J N C 33 3 H H Q J [] / SIS A Tiº Nº jin B : i. 5) N.I.A.T.: Hº - - A H S T H . [I] (T • B J N tº IT. H. W. [] O. X # 1 3 J N Eſi" Hiſ I U L H & B 3.3% L & H H 53 J N E IX: H → X 3 ū iſ tº # 5 in [] INI · [] # 33 Ölſ Illk # 5 N [] I. H E J H H 3 JIT. Hſi - Sky "I Ti ºff 5 tº 4 JIT. Hſi - E H ! 30 S \ }} E J N C J 5} \! I () H 353 B H X40 k} : (1 + 3 + H3 ſ (JN 9 NIkº I. H U U 1 A LITII: º 3 3 JI () : B5 BH L E () {}}} : W I : N [] II. HIH J & H G 3 ſº II º I L INI NUINI : [] JIT 3 ſl H H U LIN [] W ; : T. J. I.J. 3 () I lºſ II. INI Ö I - 3 3: ; H 3: W T N 3 ſº I Lºſ I L INI ° N [] II. § H L SINIW J & {} \, k, tiki Tl Xk i \! I Ś 35) iſ k H J (13 J & HIJI lik 53 NI (Iſ T1J NI * k l k (I (I N 3 H L "lº N E J N 0 }. If N E O N T L & H 53 E. J. NI (I Nk? *}}{IZIN k}{}}|{} : [] : W H L S.A. § {13593 – 4 + 1 ſld W [] J tº d [] T 3 () : (T : N [] Il d IX: J & H J E () I Lºſ I L INI § {}T lºſi Tiki (, ; (ii. 3.}} | { } { } {} + 3 || 3 – 33 iſ 3 W [] J H [] "I j ( : () : 3 T | I]. 3 (YT | *-wº- 42 -gº- ~~~A-a- waſ dºw A vºz-. PRESIDENT Ó a v-2 § EXECUT IVE VICE PRESIDENTS awa-ºº: * MANAGEMENT SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS gºt 10: A | *.…, OMM IT EXECUT I'VE DEVEL. yºu'v'. " J// COMMITTEE COMMITTEE 2,2'- º;"|| Persoleum ||º SUPPLY CORPORATE PETROLEUM 99"TIFF. coordination || Piºning PRODUCINQ PROOUCTS GAS INDUSTRY COMMITTEE R ANELS #Q ,,42–- —º- Tºrº b% ºf ſ (f) Aq “Aſ CCS TAX || TREASURER’s || Aggiºs ||ºs | MEDICAL || LAH || SECRETARY's adºwva sºco &@* & 3 ſyyſ?&# ºff #}\;\?\ſ?\ſ? &?#Qſ.ſ. &#*№\? №ſ Á,©“isſºſ {3,}$ }{\$\^\$ \\!\#}\\}(?“, §§ ſy?& ºyº? $3<>{}\\+3$ 33A, Oºſcºſºº ??EPA),@ ºyººae $32)\{f\O S3 , 33 Å, Õºïdiſſºſ? §3ºCaeſae/ ºſ “Off \\&O! ! \,/\$1$ÎNțiae CJWV 3, 4, \/?\} \! \!?«, X 3 AſSA/\/\/Oſº ºfyºoº \+35)\/N \ſ/ſaſ BO{-}=łO . $NOÌ LÝ T1)}\! BB Å OºidįANE >{{-}O Å ÅÅ EN! fiyyyy},\,}^º ºſ ºŞ ſí Bº}\/N}\/W ſlº) Bºſ^{0\} di Sſſſ? uavvova uoslºvov ºſnºvne Byº? ººſ/ 1 N \/ I "Trì 6 NO O Jº N3 y\! 3 A O \ ; d'ºffſ ŅO! ! \ý ZIN \/?)\30 A/B/C/C7\,%ſy º 4:1 % \-???)\/N\/W 1NEWdO”! BAHŮ ONVý 50 NIÊN N\/?c! „A Sºſyſ/O ºgºșº \&O&IA.OV A Oł"\Odſ Aºſ 78/5767 ºvý*7 $33,0\/N \, y^3 \ C}{TiC) && O N \ý $ lſ -33 NJ30 Ayºff/º) y^77ººº ”ſyºyº \JOSI /\ C\/ NON 1 V SÍN3 dºſ O’C} ºſº ºģAO ſyōA $ ?\/?º £3.50 \!’NVW NO! ! \/$N3dWOO /// O&##9$ ºººÃ tj.350 \ý N \’W $ lſ-HENB8 CJNÝ NO! JL\/SNEdWO O Leº wy CWY_assº Ayé)^O 77/2004/ “€7°39 JL NECH SE Hd 3 C)|| /\ sè��ș 98$ $430&O źſC) NO!). \?\-|Od\-JOO NOXX3 1NEW_1\-|\/dEO SNOf_L\/T!3!!! BE WO”ldWB BOARD OF DIRECTORS tº-º-º-º-º-ºſ • lº ***E ºr ET. - E-T- ~~~. * * * *-* * -j- Tºº-º- CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD / , , PRESIDENT (9) SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS EXXON CORPGºFATION REGIONAL RND OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS ~/... (r. ſecular) l | | £850 BixPi_0}{ATION E350 #IDOLE &A5'ſ –2 ESSO [NTER-AMERICA | | 2 A.2 …” EXXON ESSO IMPERIAL U.S • A • EUROPE .. 30 & £4&p_2~ | ESSO ERSTERN Exxon INT * i. e. | | | | | EXXON pºon se: & EXXON REL (ANCE EXXON CHEMICAL | |' º' | | Elgºing | |ENTERPRISEs | |ELECTRIC|| MINERALs l l `-- 12.4 Vºy (orado) Hosponsible for Worldwide chemical usinesses. Organized by uch product lines as gricúltural chomicals, lastics, solvonts, oſolins, lastomers, and poclaſtlos, Oporatos wrough regional aiſlliates headquartered in louston, Brussols and ong Kong. Has its own echnology department. |leadquarters: Darien, : \ y International wholesaler of crudo oil and potroloum products. Coordinatos international crude and product Supply and marine transportation arrangomonts. Provides technical assistance to aſſiſſates on airport and maring Installations. Coordinatos tanker design, construction, operation and mainlenance. Employees are located in New York City and Fiorham Park, N.J. Headquarters: New York Responsible for non- hydrocarbon minerals Interests throughout the world (oxcept in Canada). Coordinates some coal and synthotic ſuols - resource projects that are boing developed by other Exxon aſſillales. EXXON CORPORATION OPERATING COMPANIES & REGIONS Devolops and coordinates certaln non- petroloum energy businesses and new business ventures outside the fossil fuel, chemicals and minorals industries, Major units include Exxon Nuclear, Exxon Office Systems, and Gilbert and Barker. Headquarters: . , New York City. Looks ſor oil and gas in areas of the world not covered by existing producing affiliate&, principally in Africa and Southeast Asia, Hoadquarters: Houston, Exxon Chemical Exxon International Exxon Minerals Exxon Enterprises Company Company Company --Prº-ºr-º-º-º-ºw-Fra- r ..w-º-F, -r-t-.nº- Tºx-ſk-Nºrwº-ººrº ºv-º-º; Tºrºny-Tºi , a Y” ºr - º, ºr ºr ... . . . º.º.º.º.º.º. sº - • * . • ? . . , ſº - : . . ". . . d - - ,, . . º. -** *, *. -, -, ... ." "." ** •. • * : *, * ~ * . . , / , ºf ' ' '. wº- *...**'...}. º ...'s ... º Alſº - • ''' tº jº, ...! Sºfº, *.*.*.*. , 'wº *ś. . . . ..]. "y" º ºr-rigºrº-H ºr º-rººr. g-Sº..., , iſ , : " ..."; "|Nº Wºrºſºf, ...; *... "...tº... . . . ; *...* . . . .” : º, º';*.*.*...* ºrºf". A ºjºſº', ; ; ; ſº. K-4 ºvt. ºr 2:…--Altºla-Cºx...t.carºo. cº-º-º-º-º-º-º: & * 'ſº Exxon Company USA imperial Oil Limited &sso Middle East Esso Eastern Inc. Esso Exploration Inc. Porforms research, development, and engineering studios relating to the discovery and production of potroloum, oil shale and coal. Oſſers resoarch assistance to aſſillates worldwide in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, drilling, production, pipelining, offshore operations, reservoir analysis, arctic development. H6 8ſ (918: Exxon Production Research Company -Fºrgº w tº w. * "... ry - - * ... .4 - 1, • *a*... º. ºf , , , * > . * ~ * * * * -" - ** * *- : * ~ * $ & ,” -4 º - **} º: - º: 4 º' . . ..ºrº - * Y. . - &; - ºrrºr.ºrrºr- ºr-Nºvº- $3. **** ... •y :* -s: * {{r_*. W . #; *" 3. §§ : : $2/§§ § §§ Esso inter-America Inc. º * - Rosponsible for potroleum, natural gas, and synthetic fuels in the U.S. Includes exploration, production, rolining, transportation, marketing and Supporting services. Compariſes affiliated with Exxon USA handle coal, pipelinos, insurance and real estate dovelopment. Headquarters: Houston. (70 porcont ownership). Rosponsible for the ſollowing operations in Canada: potroleum; natural gas; minerals; chemicals and fabricated products; research and engineering services. Headquarters: Toronto. Coordinatos cortalnoll and gas interests in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi. Employees are mostly local nationals In other countries. Headquarters: New York. Coordinatos oll, gas, and Coal interests in Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, Singaporo, Hong Kong and Japan. Employees are mostly nationals of the countries in which they work. Headquarters: Houston. Coordinates oil, gas, and coal interest8 in Austria, the Benelux countries, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Finland, Scandinavla, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. Also responsible for Aſrica and the eastern Mediterranean area. Headquarters: London. Coordinatos oll, gas, and coal interests in Argenlina, Aruba, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela as woll as in the Carlbbean and - Central America. Headquarters: Coral Gables, Fla. §§ Performs oxploratory, fundmental and applied research and development in petroleum, coal, oll shalo and other resource areas. Oſſors complete engineering services on procossos, plants and support equipmont. Provides research and technological applications on processes and products. Headquarters: Florham Park, New Jersey, Exxon Reso arch and Engineering f Dos!gns, Inanuſactures, markols and sonvices a broad lino of Industrinſ automalod components and systerns for worldwide markets, Includes eloctrical motors, drivos, controls; welghing and control equipment; mechanical powor transtnission equipment; telecommunication components and electrical power distribution equipment. Headquarters: Cleveland, Qhlo, |Rºllance Electric Company Company wºrſ, wº. 3 ºr Tºrry-ºr-y: ; : yºki ſºvº Tºrº, wºrk; . . . . . . . . . . . . gºzry...I .*.*, * : * * i, º, . , ; ; ; ; ; ; ;", “’ ‘Y." . . śA Vºjś º **. é. ! tº: 4. § 'º. º ºi. º: Afāś: *...; *... Se: &#iº ºf £3. ***" ºr ºf {: '-º's - A. :*' - .*. ... *:: sºft'."mi.” "s' ºt!...S.'. 4 à , à z queuſų O eqņV £86). “Jºſquiſºqdºs 4,\ Wºy \ 7 Corporate Personnel Strategic Objectives Effective management of human resources is line management's responsibility, and the role of Corporate Personnel is to support that effort by providing policy, guidance, and direction, and by providing realistic and practical programs and other \-y tools. This means that Corporate Personnel needs to: Take a strong leadership position in defining the Company's human resources direction. Encourage a high standard of professionalism in the quality of its associates and their commitment to Company objectives. Develop and train qualified associates for personnel responsibilities within operating units throughout the Company. Understand practical business demands as well as the needs of the total person. Design programs which are geared towards being administered at the client department level, Three major strategy objectives for the Corporate Personnel Department are: To improve the quality of our associates: Our programs must recognize the needs and accomplish the objective of hiring the right associates for our changing business needs. Furthermore, through training and development, being clear about the type of performance we expect and by providing continuous feedback, we can improve the quality of our current associates. We must encourage the use of developmental experiences and expose these associates to the right leadership qualities. This is especially important in the management area where we must concentrate on developing highly qualified future executives. • The nature and organization of work: We must strive to organize and communicate work responsibilities in a manner which stimulates challenge, growth, creativity and productivity. We will need to organize work across departments in ways which encourage teamwork and information exchange. By increasing the compatibility between personal needs on the job and corporate goals of the Company through career planning we can develop a better motivated work force. Motivation and reward: We must design and foster the use of reward systems that encourage innovation and high achievement in support of profitable Company growth. These reward systems should also recognize managers who develop associates and who attain business objectives. They should also recognize our different businesses and the changing attitudes and values of Our associates. \ 7 Organization Chart Vice Chairman R.B. Gill Director of Corporate Personnel Director of Public Affairs and Company Communications R.T. Erickson W.R. Johnson Vice Chairman Director of Chief Government Financial Relations Officer G.M. Stone R.E. Northam Director of Treasurer Controller Corporate Taxes P.F. Hubbard R.O. Amick J.P. Bryant V-7 Personnel ~ T - - - - - - - Organization Chart Corporate Director of Corporate Personnel R.T. Erickson Manager of Manager of Personnel Personnel Z Relations Research (#) (o) D. Rose G.G. Kaufman ASSiStant Manager of ASSiStant Director of JCPenney Stores Director of Corporate Personnel Corporate (go) Personne; Coordination (go Personnel J.F. Hundley G. L. Shores Grººkerrisºns G © T}}} tº ſ 5 w TUTT-Assistant Luºyctor or - Organization Chart Assistant Director of Corporate Personnel J.F. Hundley Corporate Personnel Manager of Compensation D.M. Finn Manager of Benefits J. Messinger Manager of Personnel Services and Selection M. Beatty Manager of Personnel Systems G.A. Stack * Compensation -9- Organization Chart Manager of Compensation D.M. Finn Retail Compensation Manager J. Brainerd General Management Compensation Manager D. i-enz Compensation Planning Manager Senior Project Manager T. Cierkin V 7 \ 7 V 7 Organization Chart Benefits Manager Of Benefits R. T. Messinger Benefits Benefits Benefits Development Administration Operations Manager Manager Manager J. Martingale R. Zaletsky A. Dennigan -1 1- ~w - w w —l Organization Chart Personnel Services and Selection Manager of Personnel Services and Selection M.C. Beatty Selection and Personnel Placement Services º: º: _* Manager Manager pecialis pe P.S. Small S. Bryant K.G. Firstenberg T.J. Straw -i 3- Personnel Systems - 15- Organization Chart Manager of Personnel Systems G. A. Stack Project Manager A. E. Saggese Project Manager K. N. Swenson Assistant tº ſector of Corporate Personnel Organization Chart ASSiStant Direct Or Of Corporate Person ſhel G__: Corporate - Performance Medical Management Systems Manager Manager of Training and Manager of Organization Development e * - Programs Planning and Studies Director W.N. Yeomans J. L. Stahler D. Gluck M. LeVitt —t 7- V 7 W 7 - V 7 Training and Development Organization Chart Programs (25) Manager of Training and Development Programs W.N. Yeomans Retail Training Training Programs General Management and Development Marketing Manager Training and Manager Development Manager J. Healey A. Wallace B.A. Catanzaro -19- Organization Planning Organization Chart and Studies Manager of Organization Planning and Studies J.L. Stahler Retai - * * General Management Management Human Resource etail organization Organization Planning Studies Planning Planning Manager Manager Manager Manager D.G. Patchin H. Kimpel R. MacClay R. Palombo –21– Medical Director –23– Organization Chart Corporate Medical Director |D. Gluck Medical Director NYO Facility A. C. Mattern Special Health Services Manager W. T. Husbands, Jr. - 25 - Mission on Statement Performance Management Systems Manager M. G. Levitt Personnel Specialist G. C. Pitts Personnel Analyst R. Neufeld Systems V 7 –27- Personnel Relations Organization Chart Manager Of Personnel Relations D. M. Rose Equal Opportunity Relations Manager W. R. Woliett Associate Relations Manager Personnel Research - 29 - Personnel Research Consultant M. J. Kurman \ 7 Organization Chart Manager of Personnel Research G. G. Kaufman Personnel Research Consultant J. W. Daum Personne; Research Consultant Personnel Research Consultant M. A. Cayer Attachment 3 ; 3) B C) ; ^{3 pôAoudd\7 u 96eue.W Tļºl Blae] [(\d 'f'\} SDN |…} +\/.l.'S B_1\/\)] OdſłO3) JOļ O0 , !C! SIT O £)!} \/W ºf J.N.B. WdO713/\3C] "13 NNOS}}} da Jabel IB W 3 \} \7 SE O 9C] 'N 9 ! | -33} \;38 JO] 001! C] N\/HE B 90 W 'B'd HO}}\/3S3 H ?? 9 N | N N \/Tid S 113 3 NE8 JO) D9) | (} NOWN IS ‘W’Tl S_1| + 3N38 0 || LSB WOC uafieue W BT1B B LN | NW ‘T’ W SH|\f-} + \/ Alſ NT\!, HOddO ~] \/ [Y O3 31V/HOd 800 Jon 2011C] ºn euoddOO Z\/8d 'd' }} "13] NNOSłł 5]d 106eue.W NO LSN |N\ '8°C ‘n B H HO8\/T }} }}] AO Ti dVN5] B_1\78 Od}} O3) uçon 03 J | Q ºſ e 10 du OO GOONA,\\/\-] ( H \f S1| + 3N38 33 W OTld W51 \u0p |Sºud 90}/\ * H T 'N | - -} | }}5) *\/’5) SNO | |_\/T1=}}} 33AOT( dVNE Jo, nou ICJ ºm euod) OO -}N E 3 №] !) º dº 8 NO | | \/SN3d WOO NOWN | O ’ -3’5) ļu3p |Sºud 90!/\! NOISIAICI SE OHQ OSE 8 NV|W|f\H ANVºſſ!!OO SHEHÅ!/\! + {O_{Siłłº § 44ë iſ,) fºr Pºzo. | zºc, Sioſity-dºlºſºp JYM RADZEWICZ Manager Manager Compensation & Benefits Pers. Admin. D. Kuhn Spvr. Comp Services J. Fischer ~ Spvr. Employee Health D. Miller. e © - Comp. & Benefits Admin. J. Thebado T Spvr. Group Insurance L. Y. Pan Spvr. Personnel Systems CLIENTS • Finance • College Recruiting Compensation Benefits Records Medical Admin. Activities • Systems Coordinate "345" salary ranges Job evaluation HMB/Svc. Award/Monarch Crown Bonus Salary Admin. , Perf. Appraisal Nonthly reports, Verification of employment Reference checks, Right-to-Privacy, B-M Benefits, Workers Comp. , State Disability, OSHA Reporting (Staff), Unemployment Claims, Reporting: CEIS, HRPS, SAVING FUND SYSTEM, PERSONNEL/PAYROLL SYSTEM, EMPLOYEE PROFILES Blood Drive, Pre-employment physicals, Periodic Medical Exams, Health Education & Counseling, Cardio- Fitness Programs, Monitoring of Payroll Check Printing, Check Stuffing & Distribution Service Recognition Letters (Corp.), Wage & Salary Surveys : DIANA WINSTON Pers. Admine RICHARD P. PRAZ Corp. Dir. of Pers. | AL, JOHNSON Manager Pers. Admine Manager CLIENTS CLIENTS • Distribution • Legal • Mktg. Svos. 6- . T. E. D. • Plng./Develop. --> . Washington • Aviation • Corp. Affairs • Monarch Crown : ...”., am. tº sessºrses • Special Prijts. • Safety Committee e EEO SANDRA HOLLERAN —l a ſlº C. G. K. low. &nd. 2.0erek ...ºf PnP Y. ww. Mar, Tºº | J. Aquino,Sr. T=3 M6 Empiryas-REFätröTERSEEEFäffst Devel. S. Crowley i Spvr. Pers. Sves. L ? Chri sº tar, CLIENTS Non-exempt Employ. Svos. (345) Recruiting (345) Internal Posting & Bidding Non-exempt Counseling (345) Green Book Temporary Help Employee Referral Orientation Contingency Plans - Strike Science & Tech. & R&D Receptionists (345) Employ. Recreation (345) Tuition Aid Matching Gift (Corp.) Nat" l. Merit Scholar. (Corp.) Savings Bond Drive Pre-Retirement Seminars Quarter Century Club Service Recognition Lighthouse Sale tº S Chtº a (ure Attachment # General Accounting Office Organization Visited : Office of Organization and Human Development Director, Tom Franklin Larry Hillman, Consultant to the Director GAO has 5,000 employees. Approximately 2,700 are located in Washington with the remaining number located in 15 regional offices and 3 offices out side of the U.S. At the Compt roller General level, there is a director and deputy director for Human Resources Management. Under the director are two offices: Office of Organization and Human Development and the Office of Personnel. This structure has been in operation approximately 4 years. The Office of Organization and Human Development contains 70 employees (60 professional, 1 0 support), and consists of four branches (see attached organization chart). - The Training Branch develops and conducts technical train - ing. Their training is centralized for the most part. A training center is located at headquarters. Regions do a limited amount of training. This office numbers approximately 28. It includes education specialists, evaluators and support personnel. Evaluators are line people responsible for content of programs. - The Management Development and Assistance Branch handles managerial training. Technical and managerial training were separated to allow emphasis on both a reas. It was felt that when combining the two areas, one gets overlooked (technical training) and they did not want that to occur. In addition, they had just formed an Executive Resources Board and that group was displeased with the calibur of Grade 15 s coming into the executive ranks and they wanted emphasis placed in this area. The Management Assistance portion includes a small OED group who provides assistance to all managers in personal relations, personal dynamics, communications, etc. - The Counseling and Career Development Branch offers assistance to all employees re: financial planning, health and wellness programs, etc. This Branch consists of 10 people, including licensed psychologists. When first established, the Branch had to overcome the stigma that they were there to help those with alcohol problems, etc. - The Organizational Analysis and Planning Branch collects data, analyzes it and feed s the in formation into other a reas. One of the problems they are currently dealing with is the glut of Grade 12" s they are experiencing. When new managers come into the organization, a transition meeting occurs with the former manager and the new manager. The Organiz- at ion Analysis and Planning Branch takes a snapshot of the organization the new manager will be managing and its condition. This in formation is fed to the managers in the organization, top level management and the new manager. They feel that management transition is a big issue. Management transition meetings allow top level management the opportunity to make decisions as to the direction of the organization and to set-up a con - tract with the new manager who at that time has no wested interest in the organization • - The Out placement Staff consists of 1 person who out places people in positions Grade 14 and below. The recruiting program is very strict and the people who end up being out placed are ususally those not satisfied with the type of work GAO does. The Out placement Staff performs this function for all of GAO including field offices. The Out placement Staff reports to the director, but is not included in his 00HD staffing. The Director, 00HD was a former auditor who moved into the field of organizational development/HR development approximately 11 years ago. The Director is responsible for business external to the organization and the Deputy Director for internal business. All Branches are headed by Grade 15 s with PHD’s in their specialty area. The Deputy Director has a PHD also. The people hired for all Branches of OOHD were hired from out side the GAO organization. They have an active intern program and recruit from universities and colleges. Positions within the Office of Personnel were filled with employees within the organization . OOHD feels strongly that the OD activities, planning activities, etc. should be separate from the traditional personnel organization. The types of skills needed for the organizations are different and they maintain that operational people cannot think like OD/planning types. It is extremely rare that people move from one office to another. They did not appear to encourage it . OOHD communicates through an in formation system that integrates all functions. They did not offer much detail in this area but stated that data gathered and analyzed by the Organiation and Planning Branch is fed through the in formation system to the other organizations. Within their own office, they hold program review meetings twice weekly with published agenda . The 00HD Office does not have regional counterparts. They have a training coordinator who monitors development of the staff in regional offices. The coordinator is an evaluator and not an HR person. 00HD is currently looking at developing a skilled HR person in each region . With the establishment of 00HD, there was open hostility to overcome with other functions due to the thought that the functions should be combined . Some of this still exists. 00HD uses the Assessment Center technique not for selection of personnel (too threatening) but to identify a reas of competency in which the person is not particularly strong. Originally this technique was used for selection of SES candidates. It now includes grade 13 and 14 s. November 16, 1981 Ol 30. . 37 Appendix l APPENDIX | . )2CANIZATION CHART OFF l CE OF ORGAN! ZATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT D I RECTOR OUTPUACEMENT STAFF SPECIAL ASSISTANT DEPUTY DIRECTOR & F. ( … • 2. º.º. sº. º.º.º. º º - º -- ºf º, º §§§ AND * Art Assistance BRANCH* * DEVELOPMENT BRANCH Attachment 5 Federal Aviation Agency Howard Richard son from FAA met with the task group and provided in formation about a recent reorganization at that agency. FAA has 47, 000 employees, 9 regional offices, an R&D Center in Atlantic City, and a support center in Oklahoma City which includes the FAA Academy for technical training, and the management training center. There are many posts of duty. The Air Traffic Control Center environment is similar to our service centers, with shift work. The mission of FAA is both opera- tional and regulatory. It is to maintain the safety of the airways and promote aviation. In 1969, the air traffic controllers staged a sick out which was due to in human e working environment and lack of up to date technology. The sick out showed that while the agency was very good at planning, it nad no concern for people. In 1970, an Associate Administrator for Man power was established and the agency became concerned with integrating human resources planning with technical planning. With an in creased concern for communication s, an employee communications office was established and efforts were directed at improving personnel administ ration. In addition to Personnel, Training, and the communications organization, the Associate Administrator was also responsible for a Special Staff which was to integrate human resources processes into the planning process. This was unsuccessful, due to a change in administrators and a general un readiness of the organization. Lessons that were learned from the reorganization included : o Without a counterpart in the field activities, the employee communications function could not work. o The Special Staff was not permitted to intervene. After the 1981 strike, the Administ rat or set up a group of indus- trial and academic representatives to review the problems. This group basically had the same findings as after the 1971 strike - a need for increased concern about people, poor communications, and overemphasis on production. Much political pressure to rehire the controllers ex- isted . At a large cost, a human relations program was established . The Administrator’s management team conducted a retreat, and decided that the organization needed a philosophy, which resulted in a brochure "One FAA - A Vision of Excellence". Because there was no employee participation in the development of the philosophy, it was not well received . Last July, the agency decided to reorient to a human resources management concept. A regional director was brought in to lead the effort . The organization consisted of a small labor relations office, and a larger personnel and training office, which also included the operating office for the headquarters function. A group of employee volunteers was chartered to set up a Human Resources Management organization in the headquarters office. Managers had little in put . The resultant organization is attached. - The Office of Human Resource Planning and Evaluation includes the function of integrating human resources planning into the technical planning process, and also has an Information Division which is responsible for workforce modeling, the personnel-training management in formation system, and responsibility for improving that data base. – The Office of Personnel and Technical Training is re- sponsible for the usual maintenance functions. - The Office of Organizational Effectiveness is responsible for management development, all appraisal functions, organization development, overseeing the field OD specialists, follow-up on attitude surveys, etc. – The Office of Labor and Employee Relation s is trying to project a more positive employee relations image, and assumed responsibilities for safety and benefits from the employment function . – The HR Management Division is the operating office for the headquarters. The Office Directors are SES individuals, Division Directors are GS-15 s, and there are some non-supervisory GS-147 s (mainly to accomodate former supervisors). The base grade is GS-13 for the staff organization S. The size of the Human Resources organization staff is 160 in head quarters, 750 in Oklahoma City, and regions vary in size from 14 - 50. Most regions are trying to change their structure along headquarters 1 in es. FAA hopes to have a standardized approach to the work, while giving the field the flexibility in organization . Standardization to FAA means achieving the same result, the methods to achieve it do not have to be the same. FAA has delegated classification authority to the field through the grade 15 level. The agency philosophy permits differences among regions and most regions have different merit promotion systems. q \ - \ºNOISIAICINOISÍ AICI Ç\ ^)!\%§NI 4\\}}&{}\!\!C)'IVOINHOGĻI, OOI-HHV} ===ær NOISIAICHNOISTATICĂNORISTATCINOISŤAMIQ JANGĻŅĢĒJOENVĂNSNĪCIJĀ" №ſSNOIJÄŤIGTHTŘĖaNOISTAIGINOISTAICINOISIÂICINÄOISIAICIHORTV№ISGIAŁ *| | |& C\\[YOSGARH/NOINQ№ſoſ || Jººººººº¿Nºſſaeſ)\ſ?NVĂNNOLHÄ№ſCIN\{ }^^?^/6\Ná¡¡¡OH&JANGHyōſōVNVĂNÑOIJA.ISOdſ°NOILVIYTWAG ! »ș, **5) MINNVĒTĀ L−1}|J||-----||| (HTW)(GJOKI)(Lāv)(đHV)!r- SNğOI)X(ſ)}{SSCHNGIAI ĮKOGĻĀ, ĶĪ£YNINIVſ), "TVOĽNÉHOGHALNOTIVÍTĚTIVACI CŒŽKOŽÍſiſ, CIŅĶĪ (Oºſſ"TVyNOIJIVIZIN\№}{OCĪŅĶſ¿NVýNȚIH \^^2nsą5JO GIOI)3O„ŁO SIOŤ J. HO"№ſſº№CSAIGH, JO GIOI).łO¿O AÇI, HÃO (I-HHV)I-HHV) JNAWŁOŃÑŅŇ SICHTYOSTAŁ NOEM) H¿.*[\ſ\ſ|S GHALLIÑOĢIXEI ^{C\! HOALWAŁISINI WCW CALVIOOSSV ººſ[\[)O(OH)IS VIVINOIJA IZIN\№łO JANGIWGÐŃNVĂN ĢIQ}{[YOSGÐH NVWITH J„H\!\!C! PROPOSED HUMAN RESOURCES CAPACITIES AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES 1 - INFORMATION Operational For e casting & Information —) Projection | | 2. PLANNING & EVALUATION | | : -> 5. 3. .*.*.*. Market Product Line -kº Sales Informa- Planning, tion Design, & Testing St and ards HR Org. & IRS Org. & Long-Range / Development Products Mgm t . Systems Strategic * †† A A #*# | | || - –– Tºrr. r--------- | Gover NMENT LIAISON