º C. P. Evi Devee | A) ( ; T E 5 ）; |- |- Ź. S. C S__) ）]] | < |- № (…） §. y <ſ {\- ſtj t Po RT A N D TRANSPORTATION ，！！！！！！！！！！！ ############# ſae ، ، ، ، ، * {{... . ; *...: : rº:º:::：: §§: ¿??¿ $2 $3$$$ | uo.;23O4S 'esnopiſ's * SOR3 Gºjo"iMVº |DO A "N Aq pennysognuow §§ 3GNi{8 IETHciWVd LNſhCWVTAVE) # * ğ 5. * - Committee on Living-in on Canal Boats. *- ** x Transportation - Tc_ - (, S^1 MINISTRY OF HEALTH. A45 \9')-) REPORT OF THE *. DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE Appointed to inquire into the practice of Living-in on Canal Boats in England and Wales and to report whether any alteration in the practice is desirable. I, O N D O N. PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: IMPERIAL House, KINGSwAY, LoNDON, W.C.2, and 28, ABINGDON STREET, LoNDON, S.W.1; 7, PETER STREET, MANCHESTER ; 1, ST. ANDREW’s CRESCENT, CARDIFF ; 23, FoRTH STREET, EDINBURGH ; or from E. PONSONBY, LTD., 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. } * 1921. J/ U2 Price y net. * Surv. OF & ſc MINUTE OF APPOINTMENT OF THE COMMITTEE. I hereby appoint :— MR. NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN, M.P., MRS. ELEANOR BARTON, MR. OWEN J. LLEWELLYN, Barrister-at-Law, MR. THOMAS McKERRELL, MR. HAROLD J. R. MURRAY, MR. SIDNEY PRESTON, C.I.E., C.B.E., DAME LOUISE GILBERT SAMUEL, D.B.E., to be a Committee to inquire into the practice of living-in on Canal Boats in England and Wales and to report whether any alteration in the practice is desirable. I further appoint Mr. Neville Chamberlain, M.P., to be Chairman, and Mr. Arthur Jones to be Secretary to the said Committee. (Signed) CHRISTOPHER, ADDISON, Minister of Health. 11th August, 1920. NOTE. The estimated gross cost of the preparation of the appended Report (including the expenses of the Departmental Committee) is £179 5s. 2d., of which £7 15s. 0d. represents the gross cost of the printing and publishing of this Report. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Paragraphs Introduction ... tº º a © tº e iº & ſº tº g tº gº º g is tº ... 1–3 Lack of reliable statistics * * * & B & tº º º ſº tº e tº ſº º ... 4–5 Points specially considered 6 Health, cleanliness, morality, food and clothing of canal boat dwellers tº a tº e e ſº g º # tº is g tº º º º º º tº $ tº ... 7–8 Need for sanitary conveniences in neighbourhood of important stopping places tº º º g tº º * - sº ſº tº º tº gº tº & ſº & tº dº º 9 Health of children on boats ... * E & tº tº & tº gº tº e tº º ... 10 Confinements on boats e & & & e & * & sº † - © tº s is ... 11 Women. On boats & © tº tº $ tº & ºn tº • * * tº º ºs e tº it ... 12 Liability of children to accident tº e º gº º º tº tº º * - ſº ... 13 Employment of children tº s is tº º & * - & tº & tº * * * ... 14–16 Education of children at present ... & ſº gº gº tº º tº dº tº tº º º Witnesses’ suggestions for improvement of education of children & © ſº tº e ſº ... , 22 Committee’s recommendation in regard to children ... 23–24 Period of grace before above recommendation should come into operation ... tº gº tº gº º is tº e $ tº º & gº tº s tº º & ... 25 Inaccuracy of statistics obtainable from registers of canal boats... 26 Recommendation for annual licence... tº g & § tº tº & © tº ... 27 Cubic air space in cabins * @ 6 & 28 Recommendations should cover boats plying on inland waters which are registered under Merchant Shipping Acts ... ... 29 Summary of recommendations & ſº & tº º º tº º ſº * tº º tº g tº <& * Transportation T re To - IT-5A A45 &T L S4 * Tº S4 REPORT. \ S. Li To the RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR ALFRED MONT), BART., M.P., Minister of Health. SIR, We, the Committee appointed by your predecessor (the Right Honourable Christopher Addison, M.D., M.P.) to inquire into the practice of living-in on canal boats in England and Wales and to report whether any alteration in the practice is desirable, have now the honour to submit our report as follows:– 1. We have held twelve meetings, and have examined twenty witnesses who personally appeared before us. We have also considered a number of written statements from officers of local authorities, canal boat inspectors and other persons having special knowledge of the subject. We ourselves visited Brentford and the Paddington Basin, where we inspected a number of boats used as dwellings and conversed with some of the boat people. Other places have been visited by individual members of the Committee. 2. The appointment of the Committee arose out of a Deputa- tion from the National Transport Workers’ Federation to the President of the Board of Education. On November 12th, 1919, when Mr. Ernest Bevin, on behalf of the Federation, made a statement strongly condemning the practice of living-in on canal boats, and urged the appointment of a committee composed of public men, together with departmental representatives, to inquire into the whole subject. In reply to the Deputation, the President of the Board of Education, who was accompanied by representatives of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Transport, promised to take up the matter and see what steps could be taken to investigate the circumstances of the industry. In the end, the Committee was appointed by the Minister of Health as head of the Department principally concerned. 3. At an early stage of our inquiry we communicated with the National Transport Workers’ Federation and invited them to nominate a representative who might give evidence before us, but the Federation in their reply informed us that they had decided to give no evidence as a protest against the omission of the Minister of Health to include a representative of their Federation among the members of the Committee. Owing to the attitude adopted by the Federation, we were deprived from the outset of any assistance from those who had themselves asked for an inquiry, but we are satisfied that the information we have obtained has enabled us to form a true picture of the conditions of living on canal boats, and we desire to take this opportunity of expressing our cordial thanks to all those who put their knowledge at our disposal and thus afforded us most valuable assistance. (B5689) Wt. 3667–1455a, 375. 8/21. Gp. 32. 4 4. Our first efforts were directed to an endeavour to ascertain the size of the problem we had to deal with, but here we found ourselves faced with very great difficulties. Wherever we tried to obtain statistics, we found them non-existent or at best incomplete, and therefore useless. Application to the Registrar- General showed that he had no figures applicable to canal boat people alone. 5. Neither the returns of the canal boat inspectors nor of the Board of Education contained figures which would enable us to state definitely the number of boats in use as dwellings, the number of people who inhabited these boats, the number of women and children, respectively, or the number who, whilst passing a large part of their lives on boats, yet have homes ashore. Further, we have found it impossible to obtain the vital statistics which are usually found in the reports of medical officers of health and which might thus have formed a basis of comparison with people living on shore. We are of opinion that it would be advisable in the future to record, at any rate, some statistics bearing on the life of canal boat dwellers, and at a later stage in our report* we make certain recommendations with this object. 6. The particular points which we have endeavoured to elucidate in our examination into the practice of living-in on canal boats have had relation to the health, cleanliness, morality, food and clothing of the boatmen and their families, and, in the case of children, to their special liability to accident, to their employment in labour unsuited to their strength, and to their education. 7. The absence of statistics above referred to makes it impos- sible to give an exact answer to the question as to how far canal boat dwellers are adversely affected in these matters by the nature of their calling; but the majority of the witnesses have agreed that, so far as health, cleanliness, morality, feeding and clothing are concerned, they are fully equal, if not superior, to town dwellers of a similar class. 8. It might be thought that the narrowness of the quarters occupied, the total absence of any sanitary conveniences upon the boats and the enforced proximity of the sexes would have led to laxity in the standards of morality and decency; but it must always be remembered that most of those employed on canal boats have been accustomed to it from early youth, if not from birth, and that they have been brought up in traditions handed down to them by generations of canal boat people, with the result that their conventions are different from those of shore dwellers, and that circumstances which might draw attention among the latter pass unnoticed by them. Life on board these boats appears to be of an almost patriarchal character, and * Paragraph 27. 5 there was general agreement among the witnesses that the presence of the wife and mother on board helps to preserve a high standard of morality among the men and a kindly but efficient discipline among the children. 9. It will readily be understood that the habits and customs of canal boat dwellers, however well adapted they may be to conditions of life on the boats, are apt to lead to comment and even friction when they come into contact with shore dwellers. In this connection we desire to call attention to the absence of suitable sanitary conveniences in the neighbourhood of important stopping places, such as the wharves at’Birmingham. Apparently it has not been considered the duty of anyone to provide what is required, and the result is that tunnels and other spots in the neighbourhood are rendered offensive and insanitary to a disgusting extent. It is impossible to blame the boat people for a state of things which is not their fault, but we consider that in each case it should be the duty of the local authority to provide such conveniences as may be necessary, and we recommend that their attention should be drawn to the matter by the Ministry. 10. In spite of the Regulations under the Canal Boats Act, 1877, ensuring the possibility of ventilation in the narrow cabins, it appears probable that, for the sake of warmth in the winter time, at any rate, they are kept tightly closed at night. It might be supposed that this would have a deleterious effect upon the health of the inmates, especially the children ; but taking the evidence as a whole, we cannot assert that the health of canal boat children is worse than that of those who live in the crowded dwellings of our large cities. Probably the open air life during the day does something to counteract the conditions at night. Certainly the children do not appear to be nearly so liable to infectious diseases as those who live on shore, and this is in accordance with what we should naturally expect, as they must be less exposed to infection. The whole subject is one upon which opinion is bound to vary in the absence of definite statistics, and until these can be obtained, we do not consider that it will be possible to form a final judgment on the health and cleanliness of canal boat children. 11. A striking fact which has been impressed upon us by more than one witness is that about 50 per cent. Of the canal boat children appear to be born upon the boats.” Undoubtedly the conditions in the cabins are quite unsuitable to either mother or child in cases of confinement ; yet Nurse Jones, who has had considerable experience in such cases, informed us that she had never had a case where the mother died in confinement, and only one where the child was born dead.i. From her evidence and that of other witnesses, it would seem that the confinements * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 37-8; Ap. D (p. 76), 1519-20, Ap. M (p. 87). f Minutes of Evidence, Q. 1942–4. $. 6 of these women are as a rule easy, and that they resume work in what would appear an astonishingly short space of time after the birth of the child. 12. Taking the conditions of living-in as a whole, we cannot consider them at all ideal for women. The confined quarters of the cabin, the exposure to all kinds of weather, the absence of privacy and the ordinary interests of home life, the discomforts attending childbirth on the boat and the difficulty of giving proper attention to the nurture of young children constitute grave drawbacks to life on the canal boats from the point of view of women. Nevertheless, after careful consideration, we have come to the conclusion that we should not be justified in recom- mending that they should be prohibited from living and working On canal boats. Indeed, no witness suggested this to us, whereas many of them, even those who were most insistent upon the necessity for the removal of children, do not feel that the removal of women also ought to be insisted upon. We are not, therefore, making any recommendations as to women, but we would point out that if the children are taken off the boats, the women are likely, in some cases at any rate, to follow them. Where larger boats are in use, as upon some of the river routes, they are worked almost invariably by men alone. If therefore any development of the canal system should take place in the future, the probable tendency will be to break up the semi-patriarchal system at present existing, and to admit a more generalised class of labour which would consist of men alone. 13. The case of the children is very different from that of the women. So far as liability to accident is concerned, the opinions of the witnesses have been most contradictory. Some have stated positively that accidents are frequent, involving death by drowning and injuries from the horses or from the winches employed to wind up the paddles.” Others have stated that accidents, except of a trifling character, are infrequent, and they have pointed out that canal boat children are exempt from the dangers resulting from street traffic.i Here again the absence of statistics makes it impossible to express a final Opinion, but so far as we can judge, no case has been established for the exclusion of children from the boats on the ground of excessive danger from accident. 14. Very similar observations may be made about child labour. We do not doubt that children are useful to the boatmen, and that they help them by taking the tiller, more frequently by driving the horse, and occasionally by helping to open the locks. 15. One witness gave it as his opinion that children were responsible for one-ninth of the whole labour in the working of * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 170 ; 375 ; Ap. D (p. 77), 1526, 1531. # Minutes of Evidence, Q. 373, 377; 867; 1011, 1019; 1108–11; 1527–9 ; 1701–7, 1806–17; 2277; Ap. K (p. 82); Ap, L (p. 85). 7 the boats.” However this may be, it is obviously the older children, particularly those of 12 and upwards, who are capable of rendering the greatest services and who therefore are most valuable to the men. It is of course possible that here and there a child attempts to do work which is really beyond its strength, and Mr. Hackett, who, as representative of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, has given particular attention to the subject, informed us that he had personal knowledge of such cases;f but if the physical capacity of a child of seven years of age be considered, it is clear that no boatman could rely on its puny efforts to be of real practical assistance to him in working the locks. 16. Our general conclusion about child labour is that it is little practised except among the older and stronger boys and girls, and that if the case against the employment of children on canal boats had to rest upon charges of cruelty, the evidence would be quite insufficient to warrant our recommending any drastic measures. At the same time, the statements of witnesses tend to show that the employment of young children is not necessary to the industry, and in fact child labour has been for- bidden in more than one instance without apparent injury to the working of the boats. 17. There remains the question of education, and here the evidence is overwhelming and practically unanimous that under present circumstances canal boat children are scandalously under-educated. When their manner of life is considered, it is not surprising ; their only opportunities for schooling occur when the boats are tied up for loading or discharging, and the fact that many of the adult boat population are themselves unable to read or write has a tendency to make them lax in seeing that their children take full advantage of their opportunities. 18. The result is a lamentable slackness in school attendance. Mr. Watts, a director of Brunner, Mond and Company, reckoned that half of the children do not put in twenty half-day attendances in the year,i and he was confirmed by Mr. Forrester Clayton,S who has taken special interest in the school for canal boat children at Brentford. Mr. Murray has recently been able to collect some further interesting statistics, printed as an Appendix to the Minutes of Evidence. It will be seen from his memorandum that 532 children averaged only 46 half-day attendances during a period of 16 months, and that if those children who lived on shore part of the time are eliminated, the average attendance of the remaining 354 was only 22 half-days. * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 1861, f Minutes of Evidence, Q. 1535, 1625–30. † Minutes of Evidence, Q. 168. § Minutes of Evidence, Q. 602–3. | Appendix Q to Minutes of Evidence. 8 19. We ourselves visited the school for canal boat children at Brentford, which is the only example of its kind in the country. It is attended by canal boat children only, and we were informed that the scholars show marked interest in their studies and make rapid improvement in a short time. Nevertheless, it was admitted by Mr. Knight, the missionary, that these children only come about once a month when their boats arrive in Brentford, and that they are then only able to attend on 2 or 3 days.” It is true that in between these visits they have an opportunity of attending other schools, in Birmingham for instance, but the difficulty of dealing with a child who only occasionally puts in an appearance and who is probably much more backward than other children of the same age, must be apparent to everyone. The teacher has no opportunty of following up the results of his own instruction ; and if, as several witnesses have alleged, canal boat children are not welcome in ordinary elementary schools, we can hardly be surprised. 20. The latest returns of the Board of Education, namely, those for the year 1919, show that 1,112 children of school age were found living upon canal boats, and it is admitted by the Board that these returns cannot be taken as accurate or complete. As a check, we may consider the figures supplied to us by Mr. Robert Parr, of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. This Society has made very valuable investigations during the year 1920 into conditions of children living on canal boats, and the results obtained by their Inspector, Mr. Hackett, gave by far the most complete survey of the facts available to us. It will be seen from the table in the Appendix to the Minutes of Evidencef that Mr. Hackett had found, up to the end of December, 1,343 children, of whom about 726 were of school age. Out of these, 629 had either never been to school or had practically no education, or only such as could be described as poor, leaving only 97 whose education could be considered good or fair. The Society’s investigations are not yet complete, but we think we shall be within the mark if we say that the total number of children of school age on canal boats at the present time is not more than 1,000, and that over 85 per cent. of these are almost uneducated. j 21. The opinion of local authorities as to the working of the present system quoted to us by Mr. Phillipsi clearly showed that it is a failure. Even where children have homes ashore, it seems extremely difficult to make certain that they shall attend school as from time to time they return to the boats. 22. Suggestions have been made to us by some witnesses that the difficulty could be dealt with either by the multiplication * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 621–4. f Appendix M to Minutes of Evidence. † Minutes of Evidence, Q. 1411. 9 of schools of the Brentford type” or by the erection of boarding houses to which the children could be sent while attending the elementary schools.f Neither of these suggestions commends itself to us. There are very few places where sufficient boats are always to be found to make it worth while to erect schools like that at Brentford, and the education given there cannot be compared with that in the ordinary elementary school. The proposal to erect boarding houses is even less practical, as there would be no guarantee that the parents would send their children to them, whilst they would certainly be expensive to erect and maintain. 23. We are quite clear that there is only one satisfactory method of providing for the education of canal boat children, and that is to keep them off the boats altogether during school terms ; and though we are averse from enforcing separation, even for a time, between parents and children, we think that the disadvantages are outweighed by the necessity of putting an end as soon as possible to the limitations imposed upon these particular children. It may be pointed out in this connection that want of education practically ties these children down to the occupation of their fathers, and, however useful this may be from the point of view of the industry, we cannot bring our- selves to consider it as a serious argument in comparison with the prospects of the children. 24. We therefore recommend that children of school age, that is, at present, between the ages of five and fourteen years, should be prohibited from living-in on canal boats during the term times of the schools which they are attending. From the administrative point of view the simplest plan would be to extend the prohibition to holiday time also, but we are averse from making a recommendation which would have the effect of removing children entirely from the care and supervision of their parents during so long a period of their lives. We have therefore sought to overcome the difficulties which arise from the fact that the period of term time varies in different parts of the country, and we believe this can be done by directing that the head teacher of any school attended by a child of parents living-in on a canal boat shall, on application by either parent, deliver to him or her a certificate giving the dates of the commencement and termination of each holiday period. This certificate would be retained by the parent and produced to any canal boat inspector who might find a child of school age upon a boat. Provided that the day on which the child were found on the boat came within the period covered by the certificate, no further action would be taken. * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 578–85; 669, 689–90, 766; 802–15; 1005, 1077 ; 1305–6. f Minutes of Evidence, Q. 889–900; 1993–2014, 2048–52, 2060–2. 10 25. It has been urged upon us by many witnesses that, if prohibition were recommended, some period of grace should be allowed before it came into operation.* At the present time there is a serious shortage of housing accommodation, and moreover the canal boat industry itself is in a somewhat critical position, so that a sudden disturbance in the labour conditions might easily turn the scale against it. On the other hand, if prohibition is delayed too long, we should feel it necessary to recommend that temporary measures should be undertaken which would necessitate extra staff and perhaps capital expendi- ture. On the whole, we have come to the conclusion that a proper period of grace would be twelve months, and that this should begin to run from the date of the passing of any Act or the making of any Regulation to enforce the prohibition. 26. Under Section 1 of the Canal Boats Act, 1877, every boat used as a dwelling must be registered with some Sanitary Authority having a district abutting on the canal on which such boat is intended to ply. In practice, the registration is generally effected with the authority nearest the place in which the boat is built, and in some cases the boat never revisits the place where it is registered. Moreover, as no re-registration is required, there is no means of ascertaining the number of boats registered which are in existence at any particular time. As a matter of fact, it is estimated by the Chief Inspector that no more than 50 per cent. of the register is alive. 27. In order that in future more accurate information may be available as to the number of boats used as dwellings, we recommend that the owner of every boat so used should be required to take out an annual licence, which should bear upon its face the particulars given in the Schedule appended to this Report, and that these particulars should be tabulated at the Ministry of Health. With this information in his possession, the Chief Inspector of Canal Boats could at least make sure that all boats used as dwellings were regularly inspected. After consideration of various methods of issuing and procuring licences, we have come to the conclusion that the one which presents the least difficulty to the boat-owners and would involve the minimum of expense would be to make use of certain toll- offices, the Canal Companies acting as agents for the Government and issuing the licences through their toll-clerks. Accordingly we circularised fourteen of the principal Canal Companies, enquiring whether in their opinion such a plan was feasible and whether they would be prepared to undertake the responsibility, retaining the small fee which would be charged to compensate them for their trouble. The replies we have received were unanimous in expressing willingness to fall in with our suggestion, and accordingly we recommend that arrangements be made * Minutes of Evidence, Q. 160–1; 254; 1537–9 ; 1988–91, 2066. 11 for the issue of licences at toll-offices to be agreed upon between the Ministry of Health and the Canal Companies concerned, and that the necessary forms be supplied to them. We recommend that a small fee (say 18. per boat) be charged to the boat-owners for a licence, and that they be required to take out a licence at some time during the first two months of each year. The form of application would be filled up with the assistance of the toll-clerk if necessary, and at the end of the two months would be transmitted by the Company to the Ministry of Health. Special provision would have to be made for new boats and boats coming into use at other times during the year. 28. We have further considered whether it is necessary to make any alteration in the amount of cubic space at present specified for each occupant in a canal boat cabin. Any such recommendation could only apply to boats built hereafter, and on the whole, in view of our recommendations as to diminishing the number of persons living-in on canal boats, we have concluded that it is not necessary to recommend any change. 29. We understand that there are certain boats plying upon inland waters which are registered under the Merchant Shipping Acts and not under the Canal Boats Acts, and we would suggest that any legislation or regulations founded upon our recommenda- tions should be extended to cover all boats on which similar conditions exist. 30. In conclusion we desire to express our appreciation of the zeal and care with which our Secretary, Mr. Arthur Jones, has carried out his duties and of the valuable assistance he has rendered us. 31. The following is a summary of our recommendations:– (1) Children of school age, that is, at present, between the ages of 5 and 14, should in future be prohibited from living-in on canal boats during the term times of the schools which they are attending. (Paragraph 24.) (2) A period of grace of twelve months from the date of the passing of any Act or the making of any Regulation to enforce this prohibition should be allowed before it comes into operation. (Paragraph 25.) (3) The head teacher of any school attended by a child of parents living-in on a canal boat should be required to deliver to either parent on application a certifi- cate giving the dates of the commencement and termination of each holiday period, and the prohibition should not apply to any child during such holiday periods. (Paragraph 24.) (4) The owner of every boat used as a dwelling should be required to take out an annual licence in the prescribed form, procurable at any time during the first two months 12 in each year at certain toll-offices to be agreed upon between the Ministry of Health and the Canal Companies concerned, on payment of a fee of 1S. per boat to the Canal Company. (Paragraph 27.) (5) It should be the duty of local authorities to provide such sanitary conveniences as may be necessary in the neighbourhood of important stopping places on canals, and their attention should be drawn to this matter. (Paragraph 9.) We have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servants, (Signed) NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (Chairman). ELEANOR, BARTON. } OWEN J. L.L.EWELLYN. THOMAS MCKERRELL. |HAROLD J. R. MURRAY. SIDNEY PRESTON. LOUISE GILBERT SAMUEL. ARTHUR JONES (Secretary). 5th May, 1921. 13 SCHEDUILE. SUGGESTED FORM OF LICENCE. (Statutes, dºc.) LICENCE TO USE A CANAL BOAT AS A DWELLING. The Canal Boat described below is hereby authorised to be used as a dwelling from the date hereof until and including the 31st day of December next following, the sum of One Shilling having been paid for this. Licence. Issued on behalf of the Ministry of Health at the.................................... Toll Office of the....................................................................................... Canal Company by.................................................................................... Oſl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 THIS LICENCE EXPIRES ON 31st DECEMBER, 192 Place.......................................... Particulars of Registration of the boat — Number .................................... Date.......................................... Name of the boat, or, if there be no name, the number – - *- *- T • * * * * * `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Name and address of owner — -- T • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Christian name and surname of master – ................................................ Mode of propulsion of boat — - T * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e < * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - Whether a wide” or narrowf boat– T * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Maximum number of persons for which the boat is registered in :- after cabin – - - T * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fore cabin - sº- - T • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Males 18 vears of age and over......... y 3. Females , , 3 y º 3 × 2 ; : * ~ * - - - - - - Actual number of persons living-in upon the boat on the ... hereof § *- p - i Males under 18 years of age ......... Females , , ,, 3 x > y ≤ x * * * * * * * * * U Children under 5 years of age ......... THIS LICENCE MUST BE CARRIED ON THE BOAT AND PRODUCED TO ANY PERSON AUTHORISED TO EXAMINE IT. Note:-The issue of this Licence does not imply that the boat is in a fit state for Occupation as a dwelling, nor does it affect the necessity for registration under the Canal Boats Acts, 1877 and 1884. * Not less than 7 ft. 6 inches beam. f Less than 7 ft. 6 inches beam. 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