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B. H. STIEF JEWELRY CO.,
JRZuves B. CRRR, 7WRNAceR.
2O8, 21O UNION STREET, NASH VILLE, TENN.,
Offer the Largest, Richest and Choicest Stock to be found in the South.
I DI Cº. O M (GOD N DSe
WATCHES; A Full line of the best American. Sole Agents for the celebrated
= Patek, Phillipe & Co., Swiss Watches.
Sterling Silver and Fine Silver Plated ware, Clocks, Bronzes, Onyx=Top
Tables, Fine Lamps.
NOVELATIES FOR WEppHNG AND PIRTHrbRY GIFTS.
Repairing a specialty and all work warranted. Prompt and careful attention to all
orders. All the old force of the house retained.
See pages 108, 109 for account of this establishment.



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VIEWS OF NASHVILLE, TENN.


‘(S)he Gnaeſharof 95eries: 2'tmerican (Slities.
%). , , -
4* *- º * . . • *. VOLUME XXIV.
Whº.ſ. it's is ºſ. .
g”;
*HE traveller, proceeding by rail, at lightning speed, through the
i rural districts of the South , sees little, and that little mistily, by
medium of the dusty lens of the car window—literally, through
a glass darkly—of the betterment that has taken place in that
part of the Union in the last fifteen or twenty years, and
especially in the last ten. Glimpses merely, are permitted
- him, of plantations succeeding woodland, and woodland,
plantations; he is pent up, frequently, between long lines of freight cars, standing at
cotton platforms, saw mill sidings or coal chutes; or he sees, afar-off, distantly and
dimly, half-hidden usually, the smoke by day, or the glow by might, of iron furnaces
and coke ovens; hints to him only, that the loss sustained by this section, in a busi-
ness way, from the war, has all been retrieved and more than retrieved; that the
restoration is complete, and, indistinct as it is from a hasty survey, that, upon these
regenerated States, the sign manual of progress is stamped anew in characters easily
legible.
To the Ordinary observer, as a rule, the superscription of improvement is plainest
in the cities. There it is not merely visible; it is striking. It is a disclosure and a
manifestation. To some it is more impressive even than that—it is a revelation.
Be his sojourn ever so brief, our traveller sees it, in the towering stacks of great
factories, where, a few years ago, there were none,—foundries, cotton and cotton oil
and lumber mills, Lillustrations innumerable of the prodigious industrial development
now characterizing these naturally favored States; and in massive warehouses bursting
with the produce of the country, or the piled up commodities of trade, which exem-
plify their steadily increasing agricultural yield and expanding commerce. He
beholds it likewise in the architectural embellishment of these Southern cities, in the
costly and stately edifices that have been raised of late to accommodate the enterprises
and interests and traffic originating in them every day; in the new electric rapid
transit street car lines; the extension of suburbs in every quarter and the public
improvements of every order; and how cursory soever he views it all, he must be
sensible that an uncommon degree of thrift and energy has been exerted to effect this
change, and that the forces are far-reaching and deep-seated that have produced it.

These cities, as centers of trade, mechanical production, wealth, refinements,
civilization, exhibit, not merely their own advancement, but that also of their field.
Like a mirror in a panel, they reflect the condition of things over an area vastly greater
than their own. In that larger sense, in which they may be said to concentrate at
one point so many of the phases of general growth, they are an exposition of the
aggrandizement of the South, a representation of its amazing exuberance of resource
and marvelous recuperative and evolutionary powers.
One such city, it is the purpose of this work to describe—a city whose tributaries
are the very States in which this industrial development of the South has been most
marked, and which is flourishing largely by virtue of it; a jobbing market, in some
lines outranking all in the South; a great center of the cotton, tobacco, grain, produce
and lumber trades; of cotton factories, flouring mills and iron works, and with stores
of material for manufacturing enlargement in the iron and coal beds and forests hard
by it; a seat of learning, a city of traditions, historic names and places—the CITY of
NASH VILLE.
A brief description of the State of which it is the political as well as commercial
capital—the STATE OF TENNESSEE-is, incidentally, embraced also in this purpose.
Throughout the war, that State was, with hardly an interval, and over almost all its
surface, a battle-ground, and it experienced a full measure of the horror and havoc of
the conflict; yet it was one of the first re-admitted into the Union, and one of the
first to set itself to the task of recovery and re-establishment. And now, not alone
by repairment of its losses from the war, but in that later development of resources
and industries of which we have spoken, it has achieved position among the most
forward States of the Southern group.
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THE POLK HOUSE AND TOM B.

THE UPPER LANDING.
A BRIEF GENERAL SURVEY.
SITUATION AND CONFORMATION.
ASH VILLE occupies an elevated station
N in Middle Tennessee, on both sides of
the Cumberland river, but chiefly on the
left and southern bank of that stream, about a
hundred and ninety miles from its mouth in the
Ohio. The city is built on the limestone bluffs
of the river, which here rise eighty feet or so
above low water mark; and it ascends the ele-
vations that are behind them for a couple of
miles, finally climbing, thinly and scatteringly,
however, eminences in its northern, north-
western, southern and southwestern suburbs,
which reach the height of a thousand feet, per-
haps, above the sea.
Its own general altitude is 550 feet. It is in
latitude 36.9 north, approximately the parallel
of Raleigh, N. C., Santa Fe, N. M., and Mon-
terey, Cal. ; and in longitude 86.47 west from
Greenwich, which is, very nearly, the meridian
of Pensacola, Fla., and Birmingham, Ala.,
south of it, and Indianapolis, north. An air
line projected from it to the City of Chicago,
would be 400 miles long, and would deviate but
little from a direction due north, St. Louis,
similarly, is 275 miles northwest of it, and the
principal sea ports of the Gulf and South At-
lantic coasts of the Union, New Orleans,
Charleston and Savannah, are equi-distant from
it about 475 miles.
From its solid substructure of limestone, and
it may be, also, from its substantial character
in the business world, it derives its figurative
name, the “Rock City of the South.” The
rugged lines that distinguished its site in its
original aspects, have been pretty well rounded
away by a century or more of urban improve-
ment; but it still has remaining the charm and
advantage combined of all hilly cities; it pre-
sents, coupled with exceptionally favorable
drainage conditions, a particularly pleasing
and picturesque diversity of feature.
From the lookout of conical hills at its back,
an interesting and varied panorama of the city
is unfolded. The Cumberland bends snake-
like, by and through it. Several small
streams, still known by the name of “licks,”
as of old, when the deer and the buffalo
slaked their thirst here, and the hunters came
to lie in wait, lead through the denser settled
precincts into the greater channel of the river.
And along with these the springs of sulphur
and chalybeate waters that were characteristics
of the place in its primitive days, are copious
still.
The streets of Nashville conform, as a rule,
in their courses, to the very irregular contour
of the place; but they have been laid out to
follow as much as possible, the levels in the
“lay” of the land, and many of them, over long
distances, are both broad and straight. Those
of the business quarter parallel the river for
the length of a mile or more, and to the extent
of five or six squares back.
ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE.
TH is quarter of the city is compactly built.
Its architecture is, for the most part, of modern
type; more so, indeed, than in most cities of
the South; but among the new, costly, ornate

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
and imposing examples of the spirit of transi-
tion and improvement that has taken hold of
the place, can still be detected many of the
landmarks of palmy periods past, contrasting
neither shabbily nor abjectly, in their simple
solidity, with the pretentious and overgrown
neighbors that are fast elbowing them aside.
A decidedly city-like air is imparted to the
streets of Nashville, by the numerous public,
business and private structures that grace
them, of the latest metropolitan fashion and
design; such, for instance, as the Baxter Court
office and hotel building, the Duncan House,
Theater Vendome, Young Men's Christian As-
sociation Hall, new Cumberland Presbyterian
Publishing House, First Baptist Church, Van-
derbilt Block, (in part utilized for several
departments of the university and in part for
office purposes), the Connell-Hall-McLester
Dry Goods Co.'s block, and the Federal Courts
and Post Office; not to speak of the educa-
tional, state and county buildings, scattered
throughout the town. Those that have been
mentioned vie, in impressiveness, with the
finer buildings in the larger cities of the land.
The illustrations of this work delineate them
so fairly, however, as to obviate further [re-
mark.
Between these and the Tennessee Capitol,
occupying the highest point inside the corpo-
rate limits, the Court House of Davidson
county, which is centrally situated, and the
State's Asylum for the Insane, seven miles out
of town, the contrast of old and new, of which
we have spoken, is especially striking. In like
juxtaposition, and sometimes opposites of
greater degree, are the mansions of the ancien
regime and those of the present. But these
ante bellum residence types are fast disappear-
CUMBERLAND CLUB HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
ing, and of those that remain,
most, by stress of the change in
business modes and social con-
ditions, are the subjects of great
transformation. “ Belmont,” the
old Acklen place, has been con-
verted into a seminary for young
ladies; “Sunnyside,” the old Malone
place, is now a military school. Only
the “ Hermitage,” the retreat of
“Old Hickory,” after the turmoil of
a long and exciting public career,
(which however is quite a distance
without the town) and the “Polk
place,” are still preserved for the
memories that hallow them, or as
a matter of local pride.
The flowers and shrubbery, and the blue
grass lawns that are distinguishing character-
istics of the mellow zone in which Nashville is
seated, render the residence district of the
city, especially attractive. The extensive
grounds of the private scholastic, and other
institutions of the city, many of them crowning
the very apexes of the high hills, or standing
on the vantage ground of their sides, and the
park-like surroundings of its suburban villas,
magnify much the pleasing impression made
by these shaded and gaily embowered homes
of Nashville, upon the stranger within its
gates. -
TRIMBLE PUBLIC SCHOOL, NASH VILLE, TENN.



THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 7
EVIDENCES OF PROGRESS.
NAshvi LLE's growth by suburban extension,
has of late been conspicuously rapid, and it
begins to present, with the electric
and steam dummy rapid transit
lines that have facilitated this ex-
tension, and with other important
public improvements, all the at-
tributes of metropolitan estate. By
the annexation recently, of several
of these suburbs, which chiefly,
were originally laid out merely as
real estate projects, (like West
Nashville, for instance, the most
notable of its outlying settlements,
fully a mile square, and a city in
miniature itself), Nashville has
gained considerably in both area
and population. It covers now, in-
cluding the mile, at least, of cir-
cumjacent suburb, which has been
incorporated with it, nine and a
half square miles of ground, and
has a population of very nearly 100,000 souls,
about a third of them of the colored race.
Under the stimulus of these developments,
suburban lands have sharply advanced, but
without a sign of the inflation that would
certainly follow in the West; and this advance,
acting upon inside property, has enhanced the
value of realty in the city as a whole.
Timely attention has been given by the city
authorities to the questions of sewerage and
SUBURBAN RESIDENCE OF JERE, BAXTER, NASHVILLE, TENN.
water supply. In the latter particular, Nash-
ville, with its new pumping works, and natural
sand-island filter, has, in all probability, the
clearest and best supply in the South. It has,
indeed, been generally blest, since the post
bellum day of misrule (and Reconstruction, so-
called) ended, with efficient and economical
RESIDENCE OF WM. M. DUNCAN, NASH VILLE, TENN.
municipal administration. And good govern-
ment has had its usual beneficent effect of
furthering the city’s prosperity.
SURROUNDINGS AND FIELD.
BESIDEs distinction as the capital of Tennes-
see, and the seat of justice for Davidson county,
both to it a business advantage, Nashville is
of consequence among American cities as the
chief commercial center and whole-
sale market between the Ohio and
the Gulf. The Cumberland, in its
passage of the State, makes a wide
detour through middle Tennessee,
and as a highway for steamboats
and lumber-tows, is to the city, an
exceedingly useful avenue of trans-
portation. It is navigable from
Nashville to its mouth for a season
of nine months in the year, and
from Nashville to Carthage, Tenn.,
200 miles above the city, for six.
Communication by rail is afforded
Nashville by means of two of the
most important Southern systems,
the Louisville & Nashville Railway,
ramifying all the country between
Chicago and St. Louis on the north
and New Orleans and Florida points to the
south, and the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis Railway, a Northwest and Southeast





S
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
trunk line, extending continuously from Hick-
man, Ky., on the Mississippi river, to Atlanta,
POST OFFICE AND FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, NASH VILLE, TENN,
Ga., and having direct through connections to
St. Louis on the one hand, and the South
Atlantic ports on the other. These roads both
penetrate the rich iron and coal region of the
Central South, and bring those parts into close
commercial relations with Nashville.
In the dozen or fifteen macadamized turn-
pikes that radiate from it, Nashville has special
facilities for handling the trade
of its immediate tributaries; by
means of these it enjoys an excep-
tionally large produce and country
supplies business. The adjacent
back country of the city—that in
which its influence as a trade
center prevails, is that fruitful
agricultural district of Middle Ten-
nessee, which is planted, as a rule,
to cotton and tobacco, but which
also produces a greater diversity of
products (embracing, among other
things, grain, fruits and fine stock)
than any equal extent of the
South.
The country environing the city
is largely devoted to the breeding of fine
horses, cattle and mules, and has fame as a
nursery of thoroughbreds hardly inferior to
that of Kentucky itself, to which it has a like-
ness in its bracing climate, its limestone soils
and its natural carpeting of blue grass; to
which, indeed, many claim it is really superior
in its greater abundance of water. “Belle
Meade,” Gen. Jackson's widely celebrated
thoroughbred stud, and the “Hermitage” stud
of trotters, are within easy jaunt of the city.
RELATIVE RANK IN TRADE. .
Four hundred houses engaged in
wholesale trade at Nashville, jobbing
and manufactures included, do a busi-
ness, it is computed, of $100,000,000
a year. Its drummers, a legion num-
bering 600, traverse in their various
assignments, a territory embracing,
ordinarily, eight states of the South,
and some take the country at large
for a field. In several of the jobbing
lines Nashville claims precedence of
rank over Louisville, and even New
Orleans. Its grocery trade is esti-
mated $10,000,000 a year, and its dry
goods trade $8,000,000. Its trade in
boots and shoes (aggregating receipts
of 110,000 cases in 1890) makes it
fifth of the cities of this country having most
business in that line. It has a big trade also
in hardware, agricultural implements, cloth-
ing, drugs, produce, fruits and grain.
In its cotton traffic
50,000 bales are an-
nually involved, and
in its tobacco trade
WAT KINS INSTITUTE, NASH VILLE, TENN,
10,000 hogsheads, these together, of the value
of $3,500,000. As a horse and mule market it












THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. - 9
is second only to St. Louis, with $4,000,000
sales a year, and $200,000 worth of jacks
imported. It receives yearly 100,000 Tennessee
hogs, and its trade in live stock grows so
steadily, that extensive yards have been laid
out lately along the river in its western sub-
urbs, for their sale. -
As the nearest large city to the remaining
sources of hardwood timber supply, it has
risen to the place occupied formerly by Indian-
apolis, as the foremost market for that com-
modity in the land. And its consumption of
lumber of all kinds, for sale and manufacture,
now reaches the enormous total of 175,000,000
“ THE HERMITAGE,” NASH VILLE, TENN.
Showing Jackson's original cabin home, and on the right his tomb.
feet a year, worth, at a low estimate, between
$3,500,000 and $5,000,000.
In manufactures, indeed, it has made, of late,
remarkable strides. Since 1880, when it had
268 establishments, employing 3,815 hands and
$3,892,000 of capital, its productive industries
have increased fully four-fold. Its newspapers
report that it now has 600 manufacturing con-
cerns of all kinds, employing 13,000 hands and
$12,000,000 capital, and that the output of its
factories is, in value, over $30,000,000 a year.
Its 1,200 cotton operatives people one entire
suburb; it has as many more hands at work in
the iron trades, and its manufactures of build-
ing material and wood work afford a livelihood
to 2,000 men and boys. As a milling center it
is the first of any sort in the South and the
second in production from winter wheat in the
land. The joint daily capacity of its mills,
5,750 barrels, rendered into cash, is the equiva-
lent of $7,750,000 in sales.
Its four National banks have $5,500,000 capi-
tal between them, and its total bank deposits
are something like $6,500,000. It is a center of
Southern enterprises and projects financial and
developmental, as well as of commerce, and in
two particulars, scarcely susceptible of com-
mercial classification, and yet not at all re-
motely influencing trade, has unquestioned
prestige over all its sister cities of the South–
for its establishments devoted to higher educa-
tion, and to the publication of religious works.
Among its eighty schools, public and private,
every order, seemingly, is represented, from
the kindergarten to the university, and from a
military to a convent school. Its facilities for
the schooling of youth are, in fact, so superior
and comprehensive, that fully 5,000 persons, it
is estimated, are drawn to it on that account,
in addition to the population it would naturally
have, a figure indicating in some degree, the
value in a business sense, of good schools.
This subject, therefore, and the matter of its
publishing houses, we shall give the special


10
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
consideration their importance merits in a sub-
sequent chapter of this work.
Nashville, then, to sum up, is notable for its
Cotton, tobacco, grain, produce and general
jobbing trades; for its live stock and lumber
business; as a city of flour, cotton and, inci-
dentally, woolen mills, iron works and manu-
factures of building material; and as a center
of financial enterprises, publishing concerns
and schools.
It has fame also of another sort—historic
renown, as the home of three Presidents,
Jackson, Polk and Johnson, of statesmen like
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Felix Grundy and John Bell, and at one time
also, of Tom Benton, Davy Crockett and Sam
Houston. It was a prize for which there was
hot and bloody contention in war time, and
was successively held, during the late civil
conflict, by both the Union and Confederate
arms. These, however, are matters of interest,
rather to the student of the past, than to the
general reader, and at all events are somewhat
beyond the province of this work, which has
a business purpose simply and solely, and
is therefore addressed entirely to business
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NEW TULIP STREET CHURCH, NASHVILLE, TENN.
Jul. G. Zwicker, Architect.







































THE MUNICIPALITY.
NASHVILLE’s NOVEL CHARTER.
WZE can best describe the
8 somewhat novel, but cer-
;: tainly effective modifica-
3. tion of the usual form of
* city government in this
country, applied for the
reformation of affairs at
Nashville (to which inno-
vation that city undoubtedly owes much of its
recent progress), by a quotation from an ac-
count of it that was contributed to one of the
magazines, some time ago, by a distinguished
citizen of the place, the Hon. A. S. Colyar,
lawyer, journalist and man of affairs. Says
he, on this topic:
“A few years after the war, when the white
people were nearly all disfranchised, Nashville
was in the hands of men who had collected
from all quarters, and thrust themselves into
place and power simply for plunder. In this
extremity, to save themselves from downright
robbery, the citizens resorted to the courts and
had a receiver appointed for the city, a proce-
dure unknown either in this country or in Eng-
land before. ſ
“The thieves fled to escape prosecution, but
this narrow escape from ruin, and subsequent
inroads by politicians, brought to the public
a realization that heroic treatment and a radi-
cal change in the accepted theory of city
government were demanded. The predicate
was that municipal management is business,
not politics—that it is a trust; and so the
old formulas of legislation for the city were
amended or discarded, and, while the city
council was still preserved, the administration
of business was committed to a board of Public
Works of three men, with a salary of $4,000 a
year each, selected by the council for long
terms, and only one going out at a time.
“The change from the old system to the new
effected a transformation bordering on the
miraculous in the respects of economy and
progress. Nashville’s water works, the best in
the South, her granite paved streets, her new
public school buildings, her massive bridge,
Spanning the Cumberland, her bonds above
par, and her low tax rate, all mark the dif-
ference, by contrast with the conditions pre-
vailing before, between a political machine
and a business organization.”
The example of Nashville in this respect,
we may add, might well be imitated by other
cities that suffer from the evils of divided
responsibility and are curst with those of Ring
rule.
OFFICIALS OF THE CITY.
PRACTICALLY all the business of Nashville —
street work, fire, police and water Service –
all except the management of the Schools, is
in the hands of the Board of Public Works and
Affairs. The powers of the council are limited
strictly to legislation. The functions of the
Mayor are largely supervisory, as in other
cities, and he presides over the council. The
other principal administrative officers are the
Recorder and Judge of the City Court,
Treasurer, Comptroller, Assessor, Health
Officer, Attorney and Superintendent of
Schools. This form of charter is regarded by
those who live under it and have experienced
its workings, the best extant.
WILLIAM LITTERER, Mayor of the City of
Nashville, was elected February 11th, 1891, to
'fill the unexpired term of C. P. McCarver,
resigned. Mr. Litterer is one of the wealthiest
men of the city, and as a large property Owner,
extensively engaged in business, has always
taken an active interest in political affairs. He
was elected to the Board of Aldermen of the
city in 1869, and served in that office until
1875. Again in 1881 he was elected, and served
for two years. In 1883 he was chosen again at
the polls to legislate for the citizens, and was
afterwards elected president of the City Council
after a long and memorable contest. His ex-
perience of municipal affairs has, therefore,
been anything but limited.
Mr. Litterer is of German birth, but has
been a resident of the United States since 1847.
He was a clerk on the steamboats of the Cum-
berland, Ohio and Mississippi rivers, in his
younger days. He first took up a permanent
residence in Nashville in 1855. He continued
in the steamboat business, however, until 1860.
After the war, in 1865, he went into the drug
business and remained in it until 1883. He
then became president of the Nashville Mill

12 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
STATUE OF JACKSON.
Capitol Grounds, Nashville, Tenn.
Company, one of the largest flour manufactur-
ing concerns of the South. This company’s mill,
with others here, was purchased by a syndicate,
in 1890. He is now engaged, with associates, in
constructing another and larger mill than the
one thus sold. He is the president of the
company which has embarked in this enter-
prise, and is a director of the Fourth National
and Merchants' banks, of the Nashville Abstract
Company, and the Cumberland Telephone
Company, and is identified with other im-
portant local interests besides.
He is a bachelor, fifty-five years old, has
been a boarder at the Maxwell House for the
last fifteen years, and in politics is a Simon-pure
Democrat. While not a member of any par-
ticular church, he is a liberal contributor to
all, and is a quiet and unostentatious but
generous alms giver.
TAXES, REVENUE AND DEBT.
THE tax assessment at Nashville for '91, will
very likely be based upon property valuations
of $38,000,000, of which $9,500,000 is the pro-
portion of personalty and the remainder of
real estate. For 1890, it was $33,500,000. The
city tax rate is $1.50 on the hundred dollars of
valuation, except in one district of the town,
which was annexed with a special exemption
from liability for the sinking fund, and in that
district, Edgefield or East Nashville, the rate is
10 cents less than in the city proper. The State
and county tax is 75 cents on the hundred, inside
the limits, and 85 in the county outside, the
extra 10 cents rural tax being for roads. The
whole tax rate for Nashville, city, State and
county, is, therefore, $2.25 on the hundred,
except in Edgefield, where it is $2.15.
This rate produced a revenue during the last
fiscal year of $575,000, and there was available
for the disbursements of the city that year, be-
sides, $220,000 of license, fines, market house
and water revenues, $90,000 of which was de-
rived from licenses and $100,000 from water
rates. The ordinary expenditures of the va-
rious departments of the city government are
indicated by the following figures of that year,
showing the outlay for each : Streets and sew-
ers, $142,000; schools (including funds in part
derived from the State), $122,500; water works
(operating expense), $63,000; sinking fund,
$63,000; police department, $62,250; fire de-
partment, $59,000; salaries of officials, $29,000;
street lighting, $28,500; public health and hos-
pital, $18,800. The extraordinary expendi-
tures of that year were for a new market place,
$60,000; for new streets, $150,000, and for
water works extension and improvements,
$231,370, a total of $441,370, or in round num-
bers, a yearly expense ordinary and extraordi-
nary for municipal affairs of $1,000,000; which
sum is about what is now regularly required.
NATIONAL CEMETERY, NASH VILLE, TENN,
-
-


THE CITY OF NASH ſº ILL E. - 13
ENTRANCE TO VANDERBILT GROUNDS,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
The debt of the city is $2,542,500, of which
$1,200,000 was contracted to perfect the water
works, and the remainder, $1,342,500, for other
improvements and for general purposes. This
debt is, for a city the size of Nashville, a nomi-
nal liability, merely ; it is less than the value
of the corporate property, is funded, and in
regular process of extinction. The city’s credit
is high ; its long term 6 per cent bonds are at
a premium of 6 per cent.
CLIMATIC AND SANITARY CONDITIONS.
THE conditions affecting the public health at
Nashville, are reported by the city's Health
Officer, exceptionally favorable to its well
being, and a small sum only is, therefore, ap-
propriated for sanitary purposes. The mild
and equable climate, the abundant and whole-
some water supply, the systematic sewerage
extension, the very considerable area of paved
streets, the free hospital and dispensary main-
tained and the continuous inspection by a
special detail of police, all tend to insure the
public comfort and safety in this particular.
The average summer temperature at Nash-
ville during twenty years was, by official rec-
ords, 78 degrees, of winter for the same period,
41; and the average annual rainfall, for a like
time, 50 inches. This is approximately the cli-
mate of northern Spain. There are no diseases
especially prevalent at Nashville. It is
elevated ; there are no marshes near it to en-
gender malaria; yellow fever has never origin-
ated in the city, and when it raged in other
cities of the South, Nashville was a place of
refuge from it.
The mortuary reports of the health depart-
ment of the city show that the death rate of
Nashville is only about 16 or 17 to the thousand
of population; and for the white race it is
much less, only about 12 or 13, a more favor-
able showing than any city of the land as large
can make. The principal causes of death are
from ailments to which the flesh generally,
everywhere, and not here especially, is heir to,
consumption, pneumonia and old age. A
healthy person is easily acclimated.
THE WATER SUPPLY.
NAs Hwi LLE derives its water supply from the
Cumberland river, three miles up stream from
-
THEATRE WENDOME, NASH VILLE, TENN.
-


14 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
DAVIDSON COUNTY COURT HOUSE,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
the city, which reaches it here uncontaminated
with the drainage of any large city above it on
the banks. Its waterworks have been brought
by late improvements into a high state of effi-
ciency. These works were begun in 1830, and
something like $1,500,000 had been spent on
them before the latest additions to them were
made. These additions embrace a new reser-
voir and pumping station of capacity sufficient
for the growth of the city for many years to
come. The reservoir has 52,000,000 gallons
capacity. There are 50 miles of mains laid in
the streets. The water is filtered through an
island of gravel in the river, and is unexcelled
for clearness and potableness and for steam
making anywhere in the land.
The city owns these works, and its charges
to water consumers are exceedingly low. Some
few of the hotels and larger concerns of the
city have their own artesian supply.
LIGHTING AND OTHER CONVENIENCES.
THE streets of Nashville are lighted o' nights
with both gas and the electric spark. The
Nashville Gas Co. furnishes a part of the
street lights, and the Capitol Electric Co. the
remainder. The latter has 140 miles length
of wire stretched, and besides the 258 arc
lights, maintained under contract with the city,
supplies 100 more to private parties.
Some 3,500 incandescent lights are also pro-
vided by it for the illumination of buildings,
and about 50 motors for manufacturing power.
The Gas Company's charges to private consum-
ers are $2 a thousand.
Telegraph and telephone facilities are also
provided by the Western Union and Postal
Telegraph companies, and the Cumberland
Telephone and Telegraph Co.
The CUM BERLAND TELEphone, AND TELE-
GRAPH Co., 175 North Market street, was or-
ganized in 1878 by leading business men of
Nashville, Boston, Cincinnati and Evansville,
Ind. It has its headquarters at Nashville, and
some 200 branch offices in Tennessee, Ken-
tucky, Illinois and Indiana. It employs some-
thing like 550 persons. It operates under the
Bell patents—and having by its liberal policy
won completely the public favor, is exceedingly
well patronized. JAMEs E. CALDw ELL is its
president and general manager; Hon. Wm.
Litterer, mayor of the city, vice-president;
Leland Hume, secretary and assistant general
manager, and T. D. Webb, treasurer. The
directors are Mayor Litterer, H. Sperry, W.
N. Johns, Geo. R. Knox and W. W. Berry,
with Messrs. Caldwell and James H. Collins,
of this city; E. P. Houston and F. W. Cook,
of Evansville; J. M. Brown, of Washington;
Geo. G. Hall, of Cincinnati, and F. P. Bridges,
of Carthage, Tennessee.
POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS.
THE police force of Nashville, consists of 91
men, rank and file. The community is, as a
VIEW ON SPRUCE STREET, NASH VILLE, TENN.



THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 15
rule, law abiding enough. The colored people
are for the most part, busily employed, and
they figure less than in other places, where they
are as numerous, in the calendar of crime.
Sunday law is strictly enforced at Nashville,
and gambling proceeds, if at all, behind barred
doors.
Nashville's Fire Corps, is a paid force of 52
men. Its equipment embraces five steamers,
one truck and one chemical engine. The
effectiveness of this arm of the public service
can be measured by the fact that the fire
loss last year on property en-
dangered, which was insured
for $925,845, was but $212,274.
STREET AND OTHER PUBLIC
IMPROVEMENTS.
OF 163 miles length of streets
in Nashville, 113 miles length
has permanent pavement of
some sort, either granite, brick
or macadam, the business streets
chiefly the first named material,
the residence thoroughfares the
last. Macadam here, by reason
of the store of material at hand
for it, approaches a degree of
perfection hardly anywhere ex-
celled. The city expends about
$150,000 a year for street pav-
ing and repairs, and consider-
able new work of that character
is contemplated for the near
future.
A well defined sewerage sys-
tem has been adopted for Nash-
ville and is about a third com-
pleted. It is laid out upon
what is known as the combined
system. There are twenty-five miles length of
main sewers, built of brick, oval shaped and
with laterals of earthenware pipe connected.
The system leads directly to the river. About
$75,000 will be spent for new sewers this year.
The city pays for all street work except side-
walks; street railroads must maintain the
space they occupy in shape like the rest of the
street.
To J. A. Jow ETT, City Engineer of Nashville,
the compilers of this work are indebted for
much valuable information, respecting the
public works of the city; and the city itself
owes much to him for the work he has accom-
plished during seven years service for it, more
especially upon its water works, sewerage and
general drainage system, for the perfection of
which it is notable throughout the South.
Mr. Jowett is a native of England, and quali-
fied himself there for his profession of civil
engineer. His practice has been largely, how-
ever, in this country, although he has held
positions of great responsibility also in the
motherland. He first came to America in
1865. In 1874 he returned to England and was
engaged there for ten years as district engineer
---
--
- -
º
--
- --
º-
- -
-
FOGG AND HUME PUBLIC SCHOOLS, NASH VILLE, TENN,
for the important manufacturing city of Man-
chester. He came back to America in 1883
and established himself at Nashville, and soon
thereafter was appointed to the position he
now holds here.
In this position he has given unusual satis-
faction and as an official he is remarkably
popular. His place is, subject to the authority
of the Board of Public Works, a permanent
one, and in the general opinion, one that,
should he vacate it, would not be easily as well
filled. He is a member of many of the local
societies, and personally, as well as politically,
is much esteemed.

16 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
The matter of parks at Nashville has hardly
been given the attention it deserves. Yet
their absence is scarcely noted in a city so
generally shaded with trees. The city owns
two small improved tracts, and there are some
others handsomely laid out in the suburbs, by
the street car lines, for places of public resort.
STREET RAILWAYS AND RAPID TRANSIT.
STREET car facilities are so very much now a
matter of public concern, that these accommo-
dations may naturally be classed with the
improvements already described.
Nashville is particularly well supplied with
rapid transit lines. It has three electric street
railroads, ramifying the central parts and
suburbs, and a suburban steam dummy line. Its
total length of street railroad track is 60 miles.
“THE UNITED ELECTRIC RAILway,” a corpo-
ration of a million dollars capital stock,
operates the principal street railways of Nash-
ville, by the electric systems of the Thompson-
Houston, Sprague, Edison and Westinghouse
devisement. It acquired, by its incorporation,
in 1889, the franchises of the horse roads, then
in operation, and may be said to have trans-
formed them, by reconstruction, into a single
enterprise, covering the whole city, and
operated upon the plan now most in vogue for
rapid urban and suburban transit.
It has forty-five miles of track laid through
the principal streets of the city and its suburbs,
and seventy cars running to and from all the
railroad stations, hotels, public buildings and
principal places of resort. It has a power
house with dynamos developing about 1000
horse-power, and a machine shop equipped in
every particular, for the manufacture and repair
of electric car machinery. The steam plant is
complete and admirably fitted for its purposes.
This enterprise is a strictly Nashville project.
Local capital entirely is embarked in it. T. W.
Wrenne, is its president; J. T. Rea, vice-pres-
ident; G. W. Cunningham, secretary and
treasurer, and E. G. Connette, superintendent.
The other street railroads of the city are the
following:
The Overland Dummy Line, extending from
Public Square, the heart of the city, through
the principal streets to Franklin Pike, along
which it runs, past the Hermitage Stud and
other places of note, to Glendale Park, a dis-
tance, altogether, of seven miles.
The Citizens' Rapid Transit Co.'s electric
road, four and a half miles long, from the
Duncan House, in the midst of the business
quarter, to West Nashville, where its power
house is situated.
The Electric Railway and Power Co.'s line,
three and a half miles long, from the business
center to Buena Vista Springs and return, thus
making a complete loop.
Pºrto ºwz, zz, ſº º
THE TENNESSEE STATE HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN.



SCHOOLS AND
CHOOLS, public and private, to
\. the number of eighty all
told, as we have said, con-
tribute, in large measure, to
give Nashville the celebrity
it enjoys among the cities of
the land. -
These schools, we may also
repeat, are of pretty nearly every order of
merit, purpose, system of instruction, educa-
tional scope, influence and repute; but the very
aggregation of them at this one place, tends,
largely, to promote a healthy rivalry between
those, at least, of the same sort, and to make
them generally superior Schools.
It would require many pages to enumerate,
let alone to describe them all. The list of
them...embraces, to begin with, two universities,
the one remarkable for its age and the other
for its wealth; numerous institutions prepara-
tory to these; seminaries for young ladies,
military schools for young men; business col-
leges, schools of art, trade schools, professional
schools, schools to make schoolmasters them-
selves; schools for the blind and for the blacks;
schools supported in part by the public, and
schools sustained by it in whole; endowed
schools and unendowed, schools limited in
number and unlimited, sectarian Schools and
non-sectarian, old schools and new, Schools
with a history and schools with none.
Sketches of these various types are presented
in this chapter; but first of all, as most of
general interest, the public free schools of the
city demand attention.
TEIIE PUIBLIC SCIIOOLS.
As generous provision is made for free
schools at Nashville as anywhere in the land.
Of the total city tax, 20 cents on the hundred
dollars of valuation, or two-fifteenths of the rate,
is levied for the support of the common schools.
The largest item but one in the municipal
budget for 1891 was for schools, the sum of
$130,000, and this approximately, is the regular
annual expenditure for this department.
With this sum eighteen schools, seven of
which are for the accommodation of the colored
children of the city, are maintained. The in-
INSTITUTIONS.
vestment in school property, including the
buildings and their appointments and grounds,
as set down in the official reports, is $300,000.
There are 26,739 children of school age in
the city. Of these 9,733 attend the public
Schools, and 3,463 of these regular attendants
are colored. For the instruction of these chil-
dren 184 teachers are employed, at salaries ag-
gregating $95,000 for the year, an expenditure
for tuition of about $13.66 per capita taught.
The very large number of private schools in
the city, naturally makes the attendance of the
public Schools less than in other cities; not,
however, that the facilities or accommodations
of the public institutions are at all of an inferior
SOrt.
In the matter of its government and charac-
teristics, the system here differs little, if any,
from that in Vogue throughout the land. The
public Schools are managed by a special Board
of Education, dependent for its revenues upon
the city council, and having for its executive
officer a Superintendent of its own choice.
That office is at present filled by Z. H. BROWN,
an educator of 23 years experience.
The curriculum has no special features.
Drawing and vocal music are in the regular
course, but the foreign languages are not.
There are two high schools, one for each of the
races; the Peabody Normal School, a depart-
ment of the University of Nashville, is sus-
tained, in part, by the State, and is open to all
whites without restriction ; and Vanderbilt
University has a technical department which
is likewise virtually free. In the common
Schools the colored children, although sepa-
rately housed, are accorded equality in accom-
modations and facilities of instruction. No
Special training preparatory for the colleges is
afforded the pupils of the public schools, and
the two kindergartens of the city have private
management.
While upon this topic of the public schools,
we may add that the State, which contributes
a large proportion of the funds for the Nash-
ville schools, has, like the other Southern
States, adopted, as its prosperity increased,
a remarkably liberal policy with respect to
education. The expenditure of this State now
for its schools is about $2,000,000 a year, as
compared with $977,000 in 1873. The benefi-

1
S THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
cent results of this policy are seen in the fact
that, by the statistics, illiteracy is decreasing
in the State; while at the same time it is
actually increasing in some of the States of the
North.
For the 420,000 attendants of its public
schools, Tennessee employs now nearly 8,000
teachers. Its school property is valued at
$2,400,000. Every State senator and repre-
sentative has a free scholarship appointment
to its University at Knoxville, and every high
than twenty years growth, rank it indeed
among the foremost American schools.
It was founded in 1873, upon the munificent
endowment of $500,000, the gift of the late
Dornelius Vanderbilt, of New York, whose
colossal fortune, now many times multiplied in
the hands of his heirs, was the marvel of his
time. This donation he subsequently in-
creased to $1,000,000, and by the contributions
of his son Wm. H., and his grandson,
Cornelius, this institution counts among its
MAIN BUILDING VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
school of the State has one such prize for con-
tention; the whole number thus disposed of is
275.
VANDER BILT DESCRIBEI).
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, at Nashville, is
easily first, not only among the educational
institutions of the city itself, but among those
of the South. Its solid foundation, its large
endowment, its comprehensive advantages,
and the reputation it has acquired during less
possessions, besides $600,000 invested in
buildings, grounds, apparatus and appoint-
ments, a permanent endowment fund of
$900,000.
This university unquestionably owes its
establishment, and the measure of influence it
wields, to the generosity of the Vanderbilts,
but the project for it did not originate with
them. In 1872 a convention had been called
of representatives of the Methodist Episcopal
Church South, to consider the matter of a cen-
tral university for the Southern States. The


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 19
enterprise, however, languished—chiefly be-
cause of the then impoverished condition of this
section, until Bishop McTyeire, of this same
denomination, succeeded in interesting the
first of the Vanderbilts in its behalf.
The influence of the Commodore's wife, who
was a cousin to the wife of the Bishop, was
exerted effectively to promote the good work.
There was a bit of sentiment, therefore, in the
origin of this noble institution—this exercise
of feminine persuasion to achieve the grand
result.
Vanderbilt is situated, in part on a tract of
75 acres in the western part of the city, and in
part in the heart of the town. Four of its
seven departments, or colleges, are in the
former location, the Academic, Biblical, Phar-
science HALL, VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
maceutical and Engineering. The Medical
College occupies quarters in the University of
Nashville, the Law and Dental departments
in the Vanderbilt Building on South Cherry
street, one of the most imposing structures
of the town.
The grounds of the university proper have
been tastefully improved. Among the special
facilities afforded are those of the dormitories
for Biblical and Academical students, the
gymnasium, astronomical observatory, and
the shops of the School of Mechanical En-
gineering,
Wanderbilt, in accordance with the provi-
sions of the first endowment, is governed by
the eight bishops of the Southern Methodist
Church, and twenty of the preachers and lay-
men of that denomination.
Bishop R. K. H.A.R.G.Roy E.
Its president is
Its chancellor is
lº
sº
-
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LAW AND DENTAL DEPARTMENTS OF WANDERBILT
UNIVERSITY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
L. GARLAND, L. L. D. It has a faculty of 70
professors and instructors, and an enrollment
of about 700 students. -
UNIversity or NAshville.
THE UNIVERSITY or NAshvil, LE, as it is consti
tuted to-day, is the lineal descendant of David-
son Academy, which was chartered by the Leg-
islature of North Carolina on the 29th day of
December, 1785, before the admission of Ten-
messee to the Union. The grant of 240 acres of
W. ESLEY HALL, VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY,
NASH VILLE, TENN.


















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THE CITY OF NASHVILLE 21
land made by the act of incorporation of this
School lay on the west side of the river, and
south of and including what is now Broad
street, which was given to the city by the acad-
emy’s trustees, and it embraced what is now
the most valuable property in the City of Nash-
ville.
The original academy building was begun in
1805, and was on the present site of the Medi-
cal College of the University of Nashville.
In 1806, by an act of the Legislature of Ten-
messee, Davidson Academy became Cumber-
land College, retaining all the rights of the
Academy. The next important epoch in the
history of the school was the erection of the
University of Nashville upon the charter of
Cumberland College. This transpired Novem-
ber 27th, 1826. -
The Medical Department was organized in
1850, with Dr. John Berrien Lindsley, dean
of the faculty. This department was popular
from the start. It has prospered, and has an
enviable reputation among schools of its class
throughout the country. In 1875, after the
organization of Vanderbilt University, its
sphere was extended and it became the Medi-
cal Department of the University of Nashville
and of Vanderbilt University too.
But to return to the period before the war.
In 1855 the school had great popularity. It
was made a military academy and placed under
the direction of Generals Bushrod Jackson and
A. P. Stewart, but when the Civil War broke
out the school was closed per force until 1865.
It was then continued as a military school, with
General E. Kirby Smith as chancellor. The
organization of the Normal College, was the
last event in the history of this already
venerable institution. t
This occurred in 1875. The Peabody Educa-
tional Fund, of something like two million
dollars, was created in 1867, by George Pea-
body, the philanthropic banker of London,
who named a board of trust, of which Hon.
Robert C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts, was
appointed president. The object of the fund
was to aid the public schools of the Southern
States. To this end Dr. Barnas Sears was
appointed agent. In order to perform effect-
ively the work before him, he spent most of
his time in the South in conference with pub-
lic Spirited citizens. It was soon apparent
that the great need of the times was profes-
Sional teachers, and that a well equipped Nor-
mal College was the most direct way to secure
them. Such a school must be established at an
educational center, and Nashville was selected
as the fnost available point. After more than
a year of negotiation with the State authorities
and the trustees of the University of Nashville,
the school was located in this city, and installed
in the buildings of “The Old University,”
as its friends rightly take pride in calling it.
In 1876 the Peabody Board offered a limited
number of scholarships worth $200 each per
annum, and in 1880 the Legislature of Tennes-
see, established 25 scholarships worth $100
each, for students of the State. In 1881 the
Legislature appropriated $10,000 a year to the
College. This appropriation has been renewed
by every Legislature since, and the present
Legislature raised it to $15,000. In 1887 the
school had increased to an enrollment of 177;
but before the close of the year, Dr. Stearns,
under whose presidency great progress was
made, died. At the opening of the next
school year, October 3, 1887, WILLIAM H.
PAYNE, A. M., of the University of Michigan,
was chosen as chancellor and president.
Under his management the membership of
the College has steadily increased from 177 in
1887, to 422 in 1891; although at the same time
the standard for admission has been raised.
MONTGOMERY BELL ACADEMY, hereinafter
mentioned, may be termed the Preparatory
Department of the University of Nashville.
PEABODY NORMAL Co.,LEGE, of the University
of Nashville, is, as just related, an institution
established in 1875, for the education of young
men and women for the higher positions in the
public schools of the South, such as superin-
tendents, principals, assistants and teachers of
special subjects. It is supported, as has been
said, by the State of Tennessee and the Pea-
body Board of Trust, and occupies part of the
buildings and grounds of the University of
Nashville.
It furnishes academic instruction, and offers
a professional course of study in the history,
science, and art of education, superior to that
of any other Normal school in this country.
Its special features are its gymnasium, in
charge of accomplished instructors, its library
of 10,000 volumes and reading room, its chem-
ical and biological laboratories, its geological
museum and art studio. It has a faculty of
eighteen, and special lectures by experts.
Its graduates find ready employment at
good salaries. It has been found indeed,
hardly possible to supply the calls for good
teachers made on it, although a hundred and
forty were graduated last year. It has now an
22 THE CITY OF NASH | IL LE.
enrollment of four hundred and twenty-two.
Its only charge is a matriculation fee of $10 a
year. Tuition and text books are free. Its
year begins in October and ends in May.
Students qualified to enter are, however, re-
ceived at any time.
º
of the local practitioners, among them the fol-
lowing:
DRs. DUNCAN and PAUL F. Eve, are
leading surgeons of Nashville, and have an ex-
tended reputation. They have succeeded to
the practice of their father, Paul F. Eve, Sr.,
*" E.
-
- - - º:
MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGES, UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
THE PROFESSIONS.
The schools of law and medicine of these
universities, and the dental and pharmaceutical
adjuncts of the latter, have been developed to
a high degree of effectiveness, and many
students are drawn to the city to participate
in their advantages, from all parts of the South.
Attached to these schools as instructors, are
some of the most distinguished and successful
in his day distinguished also as one of the most
skillful surgeons of the South. They were
associated with him in his lifetime, and had,
therefore, exceptional opportunities to master
the profession.
Dr. Duncan Eve is a graduate of Bellevue
Hospital Medical College, New York, class of
'73. It was in that year that he first embarked
in active practice with his father. He has been
dean of the faculty of the medical department



THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. - 23
t
nessee,
of the University of Tennessee for eighteen
years, and is also professor of the practice of
surgery, orthopoedic and clinical, in that insti-
tution. He was First Vice-President of the
American Medical Association, and presided
at its Cincinnati meeting in 1889. He was,
also, president of the Tennessee State Medical
Society in 1890.
He is notable also in public affairs here.
He has been president of the city council of
Nashville, and was mayor of the city in 1888.
Dr. Paul F. Eve is a graduate of the medical
department of the University of Tennessee,
1878, and of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, New York, 1879. He is professor of the
principles of surgery and clinical Surgery, in
the University of Tennessee, and is a man of
many and varied professional attainments.
Their Office is at 700 Church street.
DRs. T. & O. H. MENEEs, of 148 North Sum-
mer street, have distinction among the local
medicos both as practitioners and instructors.
They are father and son. The elder, Dr. T.
Menees, has been practising since 1843. He is
a graduate of Transylvania University of Lex-
ington, Ky., and, up to the outbreak of the
late war, was a resident of Springfield, Tenn.
He was a member of the State senate of Ten-
representing the district in which
Springfield is located, from 1857 to 1859, and
during the four years of war was a representa-
tive of the State in the Confederate congress.
He was formerly a professor in the medical
department of the University of Nashville
here, occuping the chair of materia medica and
therapeutics, and has been dean of the medical
department of Vanderbilt since its foundation.
He is, also, professor of obstetrics in that insti-
tution and in the medical department of Nash-
ville University.
Dr. O. H. Menees is professor of anatomy
and histology in the University of Nashville,
and in Vanderbilt also, and is professor, also,
of pathology, microscopy and oral surgery in
the dental department of Vanderbilt. He is a
graduate of both these schools in which he is
now a teacher.
DRs. T. L. & J. W. MADDIN, physicians and
surgeons, of 169 North Cherry street, are
brothers, well and widely known as skillful
practitioners. They are natives of Tennessee,
but have had experience of their profession in
Other parts also.
Dr. T. L. Maddin graduated from the medical
department of the University of Louisville in
1849, and has been practising here since 1852.
He is now Professor of the principles and
practice of medicine in the medical department
of the University of Nashville, and the medical
department of the Vanderbilt University, and
for many years has been president of the
faculty of both institutions. He has been a
teacher of medical science in Nashville since
1854, and at one time was president of the
medical society of the State of Tennessee. -
Dr. J. W. Maddin graduated from the
medical department of the University of Nash-
ville in 1856, and from that time until the war,
was located in Waco, Texas. He served
throughout the war as a Confederate surgeon
and after it located here. He was the first
president of the Nashville Academy of Medi-
cine and Surgery. He has been practising in
company with his brother since 1866.
DR. S. S. CRoCKETT, of No. 504 Church
street, is a graduate of the medical department
of the Vanderbilt University, and has been
practising here since 1885. He devotes his
time to general practice and is fast gaining
prominence as one of the leading physicians of
the city. Dr. Crockett is a teacher in both the
medical and dental departments of the Van-
derbilt University, and is recognized by the
faculty and students of this famous institution,
as a rising man in his profession.
DRs. T. E., J. H. & B. H. EN LOE, physicians
and surgeons of the Vendome Building, are
among the most prominent physicians of the
Homoeopathic school in the city. They are
native Tennesseeans. Dr. T. E. Enloe, the
oldest of the firm, is a graduate of the Nashville
University Class of 1874, since which event he
has been practising continuously in this city.
Dr. J. H. Enloe is a graduate of the Uni-
versity of Michigan, of the class of 1879. He
practised thereafter for several years in Rome,
Ga., but for the last five years he has been
associated in practice with his brothers in this
city.
Dr. B. H. Enloe, the junior member, gradu-
ated with distinction from the New York
Homoeopathic College, class of 1890. After
graduation he was appointed to a position on the
staff of Woods’ Island Hospital, which posi-
tion he filled with credit to himself for the
term of one year, and then came home to join
his father and uncle in their growing practice.
He has already made his mark among the
prominent young men of his profession.
The Drs. Enloe give special attention to dis-
eases of women, medical and surgical, and to
the diseases of children.
4. - THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
MONTGOMERY BELL ACADEMY, NASDIVILLE, TENN.
DRs. W. A. and R. CHEATHAM, of 162 North
Cherry street, rank at the head of their profes-
sion here. Dr. W. A. Cheatham has been
prominent as a physician and surgeon here
since 1845. He was in charge of the State's
Hospital for the Insane, from 1851 to 1862, and
has been one of the most successful of all the
practitioners of Nashville during nearly half a
century. He has virtually retired from active
practice, but his son, also a shining light
of the medical fraternity, has taken his
place.
Dr. Richard Cheatham is a graduate of
Bellevue, N. Y. He has been Health Officer
of Nashville, but has been most distinguished
in general practice. He
ist, limiting his practice to
diseases of the rectum and
bowels. He graduated from
Vanderbilt’s Medical De-
partment about ten years
ago, and for some years was
engaged in general practice
in Rutherford county, in this
State. Since he came here
to live, however, he has de-
voted himself to the afore-
mentioned specialty, and has
been remarkably successful
in it.
ACADEMIC AND PRE PARATORY.
AMong the schools of the
city whose province is the
preparation of boys and
young men for the higher institutions of learn-
ing, here or elsewhere, and for the pursuits of
business life, are most notable the following:
Montgom ERY BELL ACADEMY, of Nashville,
is the academic or preparatory department of
the University of Nashville, and is almost as
thoroughly equipped with appliances as
any college. It originated in a bequest
made before the war, by Montgomery Bell
of Davidson county, the accumulation from
which was used to found the school in 1867.
In 1881, it was established in its own build-
ings, those occupying the square on Lindsley
avenue, between University and Asylum
streets. These buildings accommodate one
has been prominent in
his vocation here for fif-
teen years.
DR. W. G. Ew ING, of
504 Church street, is a
graduate of the Medical
Department of the Uni-
versity of Nashville here,
and is professor of materia
medica at that school, and
at Vanderbilt, also. He
has been a successful prac-
titioner of the city for
fourteen years. He has a
very large office practice
of both residents and non-
residents.
DR. NAT. Gooch, of the
Vendome Building, 613
Church street, is a special-
HOSPITAL OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Designed by Architect Hodge, of Hodge & Carpenter



THE CITY OF NASHVILLE. 25
hundred and seventy pupils, the sons, chiefly,
of residents of Nashville and its vicinity,
though many are from other parts of the State
and the South. The appointments of these
buildings for health, comfort and convenience,
are modern. They occupy the center of
spacious grounds, which have been beautified
with shrubbery and trees.
The courses of instruction established, are
two, a classical and an English, the one for
those who desire to prepare for admission to
college, the other for those who are to enter
into business or other active pursuits.
Graduates of Montgomery Bell, are admitted
to the universities without examination, and
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dation. His administration of it has been
remarkably successful.
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, situated at 206 High
street, was established in 1886, by MR. CLAR-
ENCE B. WALLACE, an M. A., of the University
of Virginia, and a teacher of ability and ex-
perience, at the instance of prominent resi-
dents here (1) to teach the branches that are
of most utility in life, (2) to prepare boys and
young men for college and for business, and
(3) to attend to the moral as well as mental
development of the young.
From the first the school received a hearty
support, and as its methods have been made
apparent, it has grown in favor. The first sea-
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UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, NASH VILLE, TENN.
can pursue a collegiate course in the University
of Nashville, for the nominal sum of $10.
By the terms of the endowment, gratuitous
instruction is given to twenty-five boys, whose
parents are unable to educate them—ten from
Davidson county, and five each from the
counties of Dickson, Montgomery and William-
son, Tennessee.
Since its establishment, Montgomery Bell
has had enrolled an aggregate of 1,200 students.
Its graduates can be found in the forefront of
all the professions and mercantile pursuits.
S. M. D. CLARK, A. M., its principal, &as
been an instructor in it almost from its foun-
son it had 28 pupils, the second, 51; the third,
69; the fourth, 71, and it now has 85.
It was incorporated in 1887, and a new build-
ing, that at present occupied, was provided for
it. This building was constructed with due re-
gard for light, heat and sanitation, generally.
There is an engraving of it on this page.
Students of this school are received into
Vanderbilt University upon the principal’s
recommendation without examination. To
meet a growing and almost unsolicited de-
mand, provision has been made, by its man-
agement, for a limited number of select board-
ing pupils.







































* NINGIL “GITTIA HSVN “TOO HOS GINIAATOOAA
(26)

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 27
WoolwiNE SCHOOL, a select academy for
boys, is situated six miles out of Nashville, on
the Overland Dummy line, in a grove of sugar
maples, and has large grounds for exercise and
recreation. A healthier and at the same time
more picturesque spot cannot be found. It is
supplied with both cistern and chalybeate wa-
ters, and is a two story building with accom-
modations for a hundred pupils.
It is near Glendale Park, which affords an
additional resort for its inmates, and is only
fifty minutes ride from the Public Square in
Nashville. It has the seclusion and retirement
of a country home, and is yet near enough to
the city for pupils to avail themselves of
the lectures and
of pupils at that time to twenty-five. At the
end of the third year, having enlarged its
facilities and scope, the limit was raised to 32,
and the institution was made a military school.
So many applications have since been made
for admission that new quarters for the school
became a necessity, and these having been ob-
tained, the school has now an unlimited ca-
pacity.
Mr. Brennan has leased “Sunnyside,” the
elegant and commodious mansion of Col. Thos.
Malone, situated upon extensive grounds at the
intersection of the Spruce street Electric and
Overland Dummy lines, with the New Ridley
boulevard in its rear.
other education-
al advantages of
the Tennessee
metropolis.
The Woolwine'
School is con-
ducted by Prof.
S. S. WOOLWINE
(for 20 years be-
fore its founda-
tion connected
with the public
Schools of Nash-
ville, and for
13 years princi-
pal of the noted
Howard school
Of that city), and
is now in its
sixth year. It has
been chartered
and is empow-
ered to confer di-
plomas and cer- ==#
tificates of dis-
tinction to its
students. Its full course covers four years.
Its specialty is the preparation of young men
both for entrance into the universities and for
business life.
The BRENNAN MILITARY ACADEMY is a select
School, conducted npon methods somewhat
novel, and, to a considerable extent, original
with its founder, M.R. T. B. BRENNAN, who
is a Son of T. M. Brennan, a gentleman
much esteemed in his lifetime for personal
qualities.
Mr. Brennan himself has been an instructor
of youth for eighteen years. He established
his School four years ago, limiting the number
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BRENNAN's MILITARY ACADEMY, NASI IV ILLE, TENN.
Here, with six acres of outing grounds, pre-
pared for military maneuvres, base ball, tennis,
etc., handsomely fitted up library, reading-
rooms, and other accessories for indoor recre-
ation, as well as all the necessary appointments
of assembly and class-rooms, the academy
opened for its present term on September 1,
last.
Accompanying this matter is an engraving
of the academy building. It is a representa-
tion of but one frontage, however, the place
being L shaped, and, therefore, not all shown.
Since the abolition of the military feature at
Suwanee, and its modification at Knoxville,

28 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE
this is one of the few schools of the South hav-
ing that advantage.
Mr. Brennan’s methods of instruction and
discipline, as we have said, are his own, the
fruits of his eighteen years experience. It is
his purpose to present his plans to the public,
in book form, in the near future.
He believes that no teacher should be trusted
with the mental development of youth who
depends upon any text book for his knowl-
edge; that the power to originate and investi-
gate can only be developed by an originative
and investigative teacher. The faculty of his
School has been selected upon this principle.
The School of modern languages, in this insti-
tution, is under Prof. Leon Landsberg and
English is practically banished from this
department. The school of elocution and dra-
matic art is under the management of Miss
BRENNAN, the most accomplished specialist in
that line in the South.
Receptions are given at intervals, at which
the guests may witness the proficiency of the
pupils in dress parade and competitive drills;
and in Oratorical contests, vocal, solo, choral
and instrumental music.
No certificate of any kind is required for
entrance to this school. Tuition is $100, pay-
able quarterly in advance, unless by special
Contract with the principal.
The EAST SIDE ACADEMY for young men and
boys, and WHARTON's ACADEMY recently estab-
lished, are also schools of this same (prepara-
tory) class.
BUSINESS COLLEGES.
BESIDEs the two very excellent schools
Sketched in the paragraphs that follow, GooD-
MAN’s and the NASHVILLE COMMERCIAL Co.LEGE
may be mentioned.
JENNINGS’ BUSINESS CollBGE, situated cor-
ner of Union and Summer streets, has had a re-
markable growth. It was founded in July,
1884, and has now enrolled over 900 pupils,
representing 19 States and Territories of the
country. Its methods are peculiar to it, and
its success complete.
MR. R. W. JENNINGs, its principal, brings
to his work the ripe experience of thirty years
in actual business life, and the lessons he im-
parts are not those set down in text books, but
such as have been exemplified in his own
career as clerk, book-keeper and general ac-
countant for banks and mercantile concerns.
Attention is given by him, also, to such practi-
cal matters as the counting of money, rapid cal-
culation, etc. He does not guarantee situa-
tions to his graduates, but usually easily secures
places for them.
Mr. Jennings’ qualifications to instruct the
youth of the day in business concerns, are in-
dicated by the following account of him: He
commenced clerking in a retail store at the age
of 16, and at 18 was book-keeper for the Trion
Manufacturing Co. of Georgia. In 1857 he
Came to Nashville, and was with the wholesale
house of Gardner & Co., until, in 1861, he en-
tered the Planters’ bank as book-keeper. In
1864 he was directed to overhaul the books of
A. T. Stewart & Co., of New York, for nineteen
years back, and in this connection we may re-
fer to what the New York Sun says of him :
“Twenty-five years ago R. W. Jennings,
now the principal of Jennings’ Business Col-
lege, at Nashville, Tenn., was employed by
the great firm of A. T. Stewart & Co., of New
York, to examine into and report upon their
books. This commission was successfully and
satisfactorily performed, and gave him at once
a reputation as one of the expert book-keepers
of this country.”
In 1865 he was Teller of the Falls City To-
bacco Bank, Louisville, Ky. He resigned that
position to go into business for himself as a
partner in Evans, Gardner & Co. of New York,
and Evans, Fite & Co., Nashville. From 1872
to 1884 he was senior partner in Jennings,
Goodbar & Co., Jennings, Eakin & Co., Jen-
nings, Dismukes & Woolwine, and R. W.
Jennings & Co., prominent firms of the city
of Nashville.
Bishop McTyeire, while president of Vander-
bilt University, said to a mother, whose son
wanted a position: “Send him to Jennings’
Business College; a certificate from R. W.
Jennings to your son, recommending him for
a position, will be of more benefit to him than
any other influence he could have.”
This school has no vacations. Students can
enter at any time. Its terms for board and
tuition, or tuition alone, are exceedingly rea-
sonable.
The NASH VILLE SHORTHAND INSTITUTE AND
TENNESSEE BUSINESS COLLEGE, corner of Church
and Summer streets, (main approach 206%
Summer street), was established November
1st, 1885, by PROFESSOR ALEXANDER FALL, who
has been a resident here since his birth, Sept.
7th, 1848, and has been a shorthand writer
and reporter, engaged in courts for railroads
and other large concerns, since 1863. He had
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 29
an extended reputation in the business before
he established his school and he is now pro-
fessor of shorthand, typewriting, book-keeping
and penmanship at Watkins Institute, Dr.
Price's Nashville College for Young Ladies,
Ward's Female Seminary, East End Academy
and St. Joseph’s Convent.
He has an average attendance of sixty-five
in his own school and is steadily increasing
this number. He makes a specialty of in-
struction in shorthand and typewriting, but
teaches all the other branches of a business
education; and the curriculum for his school is
the same as that mentioned above for those in
which he teaches, with the addition of tele-
graphy. He has
both day and night
classes and his
terms are exceed-
ingly reasonable.
His assistants,
three in number,
have been with
him for some time.
His daughter is
his assistant in
charge of the pri-
mary and inter-
mediate depart-
ments.
The apartments
occupied by this
school are located
on the corner of
two of the most
frequented thor-
oughfares of the
city, and are most
admirably lighted
and ventilated. The office of the College is a
handsome one and the school, as a whole, pre-
sents an attractive appearance.
This College is unquestionably the leading
one of its class in this section. Judging from its
register and by the hundreds of commenda-
tions Prof. Fall has from his graduates and
from their employers, it can be said without
fear of contradiction, that more competent
stenographers and typewriters have gone into
good positions from it than from any or all of
the others here.
The Professor welcomes all callers most
cordially. For the information of non-residents
he issues an annual catalogue and mails the
same to anyone wishing to learn more of his
methods and system.
SCHOOLS FOR YOUNG LADIES.
THE principal seminaries for young ladies at
Nashville are the following:
The NASH VILLE CollBGE For YouNo LADIEs,
108 Vauxhall Place, was organized in 1880. It
began with limited patronage, but has had a
wonderful growth. In 1881, its first year, it
had 104 pupils; in 1890, 407. During the cur-
rent season it has 413 enrolled, residents of
twenty different States.
Along with this wonderful expansion of
patronage, enlargements of its facilities have
constantly been made therefor. It was at first
established on hired quarters. It now occu-
|
|
NASH VILLE COLLEGE FOR YOUNG LADIES, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Plans by Architect Jul. G. Zwicker.
pies a site in the very heart of the city, on
which has been erected three large and com-
modious buildings for the use of the college.
These premises are owned by the college cor-
poration.
The latest built of these three structures is
shown in an engraving on this page. It is sit-
uated at the intersection of Broad and Vaux-
hall streets, and is altogether the most attrac-
tive and impressive edifice of its kind in
Nashville. It presents a grand frontage of 280
feet on Vauxhall Place, and stretches along
Broad for 108. The main entrance to it is on
the latter street. It leads into a grand ellipti-
cal rotunda, extending the full height of five
stories, and presenting an appearance of im-
pressive amplitude. Within this edifice are

3() THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
double parlors or reception rooms, offices of
the faculty, reading and library rooms and airy
dormitories for the accommodation of Over 100
new pupils. It has its elevators and all the
Other modern conveniences.
This new building is connected by the annex
with what was the main building formerly,
and with the other buildings, which will all,
therefore, practically be covered by a single
continuous roof.
The Nashville College for Young Ladies will
thus embrace grand parlors, large dining
rooms, gymnasium and calisthenics hall, art,
music, reception, and numerous other rooms.
It has the finest art studio in the city. The
dormitory has room for 200 pupils. The work
of education can be carried on with these facil-
ities thoroughly, from the primary, or kinder-
garten stage, to the post-graduate class.
The music department of the college is an
especial feature. It has nine efficient teachers.
The art studio is in the hands of an instructor
qualified, both by study in New York and at
home, for its direction. The scientific classes
attend the Vanderbilt University, which, at
the outset, tendered its facilities to the pupils
of the college, and affords them the special
advantage of its laboratories, museum and
library, .
The Nashville College for Young Ladies was
the pioneer of the South in the introduction of
the most approved appliances for physical cul-
ture. Its gymnasium is 60x36, and 25 feet high
in the clear. It is supplied with more than
twenty appliances and devices for training and
developing the bodies of its pupils. The most
beneficial results have followed the use of
these appliances.
The annex to the new building is heated by
steam ; the dormitory building is warmed by
combined hot blast, heating and ventilating .
apparatus, maintaining summer heat in winter
and Spring coolness in summer, and a constant
circulation of pure air.
Considering the Superior advantages and
accommodations, the comprehensive methods
of instruction, the favor shown this institution
by its patronage, and its judicious manage-
ment, it is safe to say that the Nashville Col-
lege for Young Ladies is the foremost of
Southern schools of its class.
The Nashville College for Young Ladies has
for its president REv. GEO. W. F. PRICE, D. D.,
a man of great learning and educational expe-
rience. It is generally conceded that he stands
at the head of his profession. This reputation
he has earned by faithful service through all
the gradations of his vocation.
“Our College,” a monthly, devoted to educa-
tional interests, is issued from this institution.
It will be sent to any address upon application.
THE ACADEMY OF ST. CECILIA, of Nashville,
conducted by the DOMINICAN SISTERs, is the
oldest of the private schools for young ladies
in the city, and is not, by any means, least of
those institutions which have given the Ten-
messee capital the reputation it enjoys as an
educational center.
It was founded in 1860. It stands upon an
eminence to the north of the city limits,
known as Mt. Vernon, a situation which, for
healthfulness and general attractiveness, is
hardly surpassed in the land. From this
height a panorama of the valley of the Cum-
berland is disclosed of exceeding diversity
and charm. The influence of a cheerful envi-
ronment upon youth has received here the
attention it deserves.
At this elevation, twenty feet higher than
Capitol Hill in the city, the air is sweet and
pure. An ample and wholesome water supply,
chalybeate here, like most of that at Nash-
ville, is provided. The grounds for recreation
are extensive, the diet and supervision espe-
cially advantageous for pupils in delicate
health. -
The convent buildings are all of brick. Spe-
cial precautions have been taken in building
them against fire; the entire buildings are
heated by steam, and both lighting and venti-
lation have been given throughout a due
regard.
The course of study at St. Cecilia, embraces
all the requisites of a thorough education ; not
merely in books, but in all the accomplish-
ments necessary for the duties of home and
social life. The school has three departments,
the primary for children under ten, the pre-
paratory and the academic. The academic
course requires four years to complete it, the
preparatory two. There are two sessions each
year, one beginning in June and the other in
September. Pupils are, however, received at
any time of the year.
There are classes for pupils who desire to be
teachers, and other special advantages are also
afforded, such, for instance, as instruction in
etiquette and deportment. Music, both vocal
and instrumental, receives particular attention
in this institution; instruction is given on the
piano, and all string instruments, by compe-
tent teachers. Persons desiring information
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 31
as to terms at St. Cecilia, or other particulars re- men growing up beside them. It has for its
garding it, should send for its catalogue, which trustees and governing body local business
will be mailed to any address upon application. Imen, and a conspicuously strong faculty of ten
BoscopeL CollBGE FOR YOUNG LADIES, instructors headed by J. P. Hamilton, presi-
situated in a beautiful and retired part of the dent, and Geo. W. Jarman, L. L. D., professor
suburbs, near the electric railway, one mile of Latin, Greek and German. It is a boarding
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from the center of the city, has for its aim the and day school, having over one hundred
higher education of the daughters of our land, pupils, members of the best families of this
so as to place them on a plane of equality in and adjacent States.
the World, as respects their mental equipment Ten acres of Woodland, native forest trees,
and resources for a livelihood, with the young surround the college building, affording


















































































































































































































































































































































32 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
delightful shade through the warmer months, The NAshville School of FINE ARTs, con-
and ample room, at all times, for exercise, ducted under the auspices of the NAshvi LLE.
so necessary to mental and physical develop- ART Associatios, has lately entered upon its
ment. Free from
the noise, dust and
confusion of the
crowded thorough-
fares; crowning one
of the highest eleva-
tions about the city;
supplied, within the
building, with every
needed modern con-
venience for the
comfort, health and
happiness of the
pupil; having a lit-
erary faculty, that
will compare favor-
ably with the best
in the State, with a
successful experi-
ence reaching from
ten to thirty-five
years; with music
and art advantages
unsurpassed; these,
with the gentle and
refining influences
thrown around the
pupils, render Bos-
cobel College a most
desirable place for
all those who wish
their daughters
soundly and thor-
oughly prepared for
life's work and its
duties.
Other young
ladies’ schools are
Ward's, a chartered
a cademy, estab-
lished in 1865, which
has 300 pupils, 127
of them boarders;
Mrs. M. E. Clark's,
6 years established,
and a boarding
school, also, accom-
modating 50 pupils,
and the East End
College for Young -
Ladies, Dr. W. W. Dodson, president, estab- sixth session. It has for its director EDGAR J.
lished in 1890. There are numerous other BIssell, a student of the Boston School and
private schools besides. Museum of Fine Arts, and a pupil for three

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 33
years of Gerome, Boulanger and Lefebvre in
Paris.
Its advantages for thorough professional
training are superior. It has its “antique” and
“still life” classes and “sketch club,” and a
fund has been established to provide it with
living models for its “head” and “figure”
HALL OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN Associ ATION, NASH VILLE, TENN.
classes. The work of the life classes is varied
by the introduction of these models in cos-
tume, and composition is insisted upon through-
out the course.
The executive committee of the Nashville
Art Association, has immediate supervision of
this school. The members of that committee
are Herman Justi, Gen. G. P. Thruston, Jos. S.
Carels, Mark Handly, Dr. J. P. Dake, W. C.
Collier, Robt. L. Morris and Miss Anne E.
Tavel, the last named financial secretary and
business manager.
The class rooms of this school are in the
Watkins Institute. It
has now some fifty
pupils. Its rates are
reasonable. The charge
for full time per term
of four months is $40,
for half time $25; by
the month, $15 full time,
$9 for half.
CALVERT BRos., por-
trait painters and in-
structors in art, at 70,
Cole Building, north-
east corner of Cherry
and Union streets, have
certificates of profi-
ciency in their voca-
tion from the South
Ken sing to n Art
School of London,
Eng., and are fully
qualified both to
execute and teach
art work in crayon,
pastel, oil and water
colors.
They have painted
portraits of many
of the distinguished
people of Nashville
and Tennessee, and
are in receipt of
commissions enough
to occupy, with their
class work, about
all their time. They
are very clever in
crayon portraiture,
oil or water color
work, illuminations,
and old-fashioned
ivory miniatures,
their specialty.
There are numerous instructors in,
schools of music, also, at Nashville.
St. Bernard's Academy and St. Joseph's
Parish School are day schools of the Catholic
Church, numerously attended and with facil-
ities similar to those of the public schools.
and

















34 THE CITY OF NASH I’ILLE.
UBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
III (; H ER SCII ()0 LS FOR CO LC) REI). YOUT II.
THE opportunities afforded the youth of the
colored race at Nashville, not merely for
instruction in the common branches, but for
advanced study, are exceptionally good also.
Three very large institutions of this character
are established here. Roger WILLIAMs and
Fisk universities, and the CENTRAL TENNESSEE
Colled E.
Fisk UNIVERSITY, takes its name from Gen.
Clinton B. Fisk, of New Jersey, who, as com-
missioner of the Freedman's Bureau, immedi-
ately after the war, was largely instrumental
in the work of laying its foundation, and it was
originally known as Fisk School. For its
evolution from a mere primary institution, to
the rank of a university, it is indebted to him
and his co-laborers of the Western Freedman’s
Aid Association, and the American Missionary
Association (of which latter body, REv. E. M.
CRAvATH, D. D., now president of the univer-
sity, was the representative), and to the work of
the famous Fisk Jubilee Singers, who, under
the leadership of Geo. L. White, treasurer of
the university, netted for it, by seven years
singing in this country and in Europe, the
sum of $150,000.
With this money, a site was purchased, one
and a quarter miles northwest of the State
House, and Jubilee Hall, the main building of
the university, was built. Mrs. Valeria G.
Stone's gift of $60,000 was used to erect Living-
stone Missionary Hall, and the gymnasium
and mechanical department originated in a
gift of $4,000, by Col. Howard of Nashville.
Recently another fine new
building of modern archi-
tecture has been added to
those already mentioned,
for a theological depart-
ment.
The campus of Fisk has
an area of thirty acres.
The property of the uni-
versity is valued at $300,000.
It is as yet, however, un-
endowed, and hence is still
dependent upon contribu-
tions by its friends.
The faculty and officers
number twenty-eight. The
attendance exceeds five
hundred, representative of
many Northern as well as
Southern States. Gradu-
ates of Fisk have been successful in the pro-
fessions, and are winning their way as
teachers, ministers, lawyers, physicians and
even druggists and dentists.
Fisk owes much of its progress to the work
of Dr. Cravath. Ever since it originated, he
has been identified with its management, and
he has been its president continuously since
1875.
CENTRAL TENNESSEE Collegº, was founded
in 1886, by legislative charter. It is sup-
ported by contributions from the Methodist
Episcopal Church through the Freedman's Aid
and Southern Educational Society, with head-
quarters in Cincinnati.
The Missionary Society of the Methodist
Episcopal Church gave $10,000, at the start, for
the purpose of establishing a school for the
colored race in the South. Bishop Clark, to
whom the duty of selecting a site for it was
assigned, fixed upon Nashville as the proper
place. It was originally opened in hired
quarters, but in 1867 the Freedman's Bureau
erected two buildings for it on the ground it
now occupies, at 82 Maple street. The origi-
nal $10,000 fund was applied as purchase
money for this site in 1868, and the “Tennes-
seeans,” a troop of singers, recruited in the
college, sang throughout the North and in
Canada, and raised nearly enough money to pay
for the large building known as Tennessee Hall,
and the Freedman's Aid Society supplemented
this amount with enough to finish the build-
ings. Other constructions have been added to
accommodate the various departments since or-
ganized, and from an institution of very ordi-

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36
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
nary method and plan, a college with very
nearly the scope of a university has developed.
These departments are the following: En-
glish, Normal, Preparatory, College, Music,
Theology, Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Phar-
macy, Training School and Industrial.
The school had at first only the primary
course, but as the scholars advanced Biblical
and Normal departments were added. In 1874
a Medical department was established at the
earnest request of several who wished to study
medicine, but could find no school open to
them in the Mississippi Valley. This depart-
ment was aided much by the Meharry family, of
Indiana, who contributed first to the purchase
by contributions from friends in Nashville and
in the North, and also from students of the
Medical department. In the Literary depart-
ment a Normal school is embraced and the
college courses are as complete as those of any
institution in the land.
The Industrial department has its blacksmith
Shop, tin shop, its wagon and carriage making
and painting shops, machine and engineering
Shops, the last, lately put up. It is one of the
most complete trade schools in the country,
and Some very fine mechanical work has been
turned out from it. These shops are open to
all the students desirous of learning a trade.
The young women pupils have instruction in
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HOFFMAN HALL, NASH VILLE, TENN.
of the ground and then to the support of this
department and erection of buildings for it.
This Medical department has been conducted
under the direction of G. W. Hubbard, and
with the assistance of the physicians of Nash-
ville and graduates of the school. To Dr. J.
W. Sneed, the first who assisted in the organi-
zation of this department, it owes much of its
SULCCéSS.
About 1880 a Law department was organized,
with Judge John Lawrence as its founder.
In 1886 or '87 a Dental department was added,
and in 1889 a Pharmaceutical. These Dental
and Pharmaceutical departments have lately
had a new building erected for them, largely
sewing, housekeeping and cooking, with lec-
tures on nursing and caring for the sick, and
the laws of hygiene.
The property of this college is valued at more
than $100,000. The enrollment for the present
year, in all the departments, is 613, mostly in
the elementary courses, for, owing to the
poverty of the colored people, the college
classes are small, and are likely to continue so
for some years to come. Over 100 students,
however, have been graduated from the Medi-
cal department, and from the Normal, Biblical,
College and Scientific departments, 120. The
president of this institution is the Rev. J.
Braden, who has been identified with its







THE CITY OF NASH I’ILLE.
37
management for the last 25 years in the capacity
of president, with the exception of one year. of good books.
NEW PUMPING STATION, NASH VILLE WATER WORKS, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Roger Williams has also a remarkably com-
plete equipment for the elevation of the race,
in the shape of costly and commodious build-
ings, extensive grounds, and a strong faculty.
The Roger Williams buildings cost $100,000.
HoFFMAN HALL, an engraving of which
accompanies this matter, is a theological school
founded by Bishop Quintard, of Tennessee, in
1890, “ especially in the interest of -
colored students preparing for the
ministry of the Episcopal Church,”
and sustained in part by the fees of
students, and in part by contributions
received from the Episcopal dioceses
of Missouri, Milwaukee, Chicago and
other places, from which church it
derives considerable support. It has
twelve students. Its warden is Arch-
DEA con C. B. PERRY. It is situated
in Northwest Nashville near Fisk
University.
LIBRARIES, ART AND HISTORICAL
COLLECTIONS.
IN the atmosphere that pervades
this Southern seat of learning, a taste
for books, art and antiquities has al-
ready been engendered, and the city
sº tºº, ºn
is particularly well provided with collections
The State library, established
- in the capitol, has 40,000
volumes ; the Howard
library, in the Watkins
Institute, especially in-
tended for the use of the
public school children,
has 10,000; the Masonic
library, 3,500; the Y. M.
C. A. library, 3,000; and
besides these, every edu-
cational institution of the
city, has a considerable
catalogue of volumes.
The Art Association
has its gallery of paint-
ings, and a school of the
fine arts is maintained
under its patronage.
Near neighbor to this
gallery, in point of inter-
est, as well as propin-
quity, is the archaelogical
collection of the Histor-
ical Society of the State.
TILE NASH VILLE NEWSPAPERS.
NAs HVILLE supports handsomely three
dailies, the American, the Banner and Herald.
The American and Banner are known, by name
at least, far and wide. They are respectable
and dignified, and at the same time spirited
- - º
º
º º º |
º º º
º --
THE QUINTARD MANSION, NASH VILLE, TENN,
An Old Time Type.






3S THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
and faithful exponents of the life and sentiment
of the community; and to a very great extent
also of the South. They are capably managed,
progressive, prosperous and influential.
PUBLISHING CONCERNS,
The BoARD of Public Ation of the Cumber-
LAND PREsbyteri.AN CHURCH, is established at
OLD FORT NEGLEY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
The American is one of the oldest newspapers
of the country. It originated as a weekly in
the early part of the century, and is the out-
growth of consolidations with and absorptions
of rivals, since, literally too numerous to men-
tion. It is a morning paper of eight pages,
having all the telegraphic press facilities, and
is Democratic in politics. E. W. Carmack is
its editor-in-chief.
The Banner is an eight-page evening issue,
established in 1876. It has 10,000 circulation.
It is independent in its editorial policy. G.
H. Baskette is its editor.
The Herald is a Democratic organ, published
every evening in the week, except Sunday, on
which day it is issued in the morning. It has
about six or eight thousand circulation. Walter
Cain, a writer of considerable local reputation,
is president of the company that owns it and
editor of the paper.
A multiplicity of other journals, weekly, bi-
monthly, monthly and quarterly publications,
the organs severally of the nationalities, sects,
professions and business interests of Nashville
and Tennessee, are also published in the city.
Of note among these are the Southern Merchant
and Southern Lumberman, owned by the Baird-
Roberts Publishing Co. The religious press is
especially numerous. Several large publishing
concerns are chiefly engaged in the business.
Of these, the following merit mention:
Nashville in a handsome, new, and stately
edifice, recently put up especially for it, at a
cost of $65,000. It is on North Cherry street,
and covers the whole frontage on that street,
from numbers 150 to 154 inclusive. It is a five
story building with basement, of the Doric
type, with a solid stone front, so relieved by
its columns, its arches and its sculptured figures,
as to present an elevation of simplicity and
dignity combined.
This establishment is to be devoted mainly
to the printing and publishing business of the
Cumberland Presbyterian Church, although
some other general book and job work will be
done in it. It will house the printing and
editorial departments, the salesrooms for Sun-
day-school and church periodicals (and for the
literature carefully selected for Sunday-school
libraries) of this organization. It will be head-
quarters for the church and Sunday-school
supplies of all sorts used by this denomination,
record books, charts, reward cards, etc. It
will afford a means of livelihood to something
between 75 and 100 persons.
Rev. W. J. DARBY, general manager for the
board, will have full control of this establish-
ment, but will have the assistance of REv.
IRA LAND RETH, acting general manager. The
officers of the board, most of whom are res-
ident here, will also continue to render him
advice and support. These officials are John

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 39
M. Gaut, president; Hamilton Parks, secre-
tary, and P. H. Manlove, treasurer. Mr.
Gaut is a leading lawyer of this city. Secretary
Parks is also an attorney, prominent among the
practitioners of law here, and Mr. Manlove is
a carpet dealer, bank director, and solid busi-
nessman. He is a director of Ward's Seminary
here and of the new Sam Jones Tabernacle as
well as of this company.
General Manager Darby is one of the ablest
men of the Cumberland denomination. He is
a Doctor of Divinity and was formerly stationed
at Evansville, Ind., but has been in charge
here about two years. His health has been
"Tº T
|ASW
ºn. |-
The Publish ING House of the MET iodist
Episco PAL CHURCH SouTH has headquarters
here, in a large eight story building, thoroughly
equipped for printing and general publishing,
situated at the northeast corner of the Public
Square. The cut on this page shows the external
appearance of this establishment, but it gives
no hint of the exceptionally complete appoint-
ments within ; the commodious sales depart-
ments and offices on the street floor, the editor-
ial rooms on the second, the composing rooms
and job printing department on the third, the
electrotyping, press, bindery, mailing and en-
gine rooms on other floors, three of them, by
T - T - a ºn tº cº-
Timº
H}
º
PUBLISHING IIOUSE OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTII, NASILVILLE, TENN.
Vaughn & Tolar, Builders,
such of late, that his duties have largely de-
Wolved on Mr. Landreth, who was appointed
last year to assist him. The latter is an able
editorial writer and business man as well.
reason of the site of the building on the sloping
river bluff, below the level of the street.
This building replaces one that was destroyed
by fire in 1872. It is an imposing structure,

40 THE CITY OF NASH | "ILLE,
fronting, as shown by the cut, 120 feet, and
224 feet deep. In it are printed periodicals
circulating 1,188,853 copies monthly, and along
º FAND
a Ho -
sº {{se |
MAy’s GRAND of ERA HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
with these, books for Sunday-school libraries,
works on theology, Bibles, hymnals, Sunday-
school and church record books, reward cards,
etc.
More than 175 persons are employed in the
house, 18 of them in the sales and office work,
10 in the mailing and packing departments, 37
in the press room, 39 in the composing room
and job office, 57 in the bindery, and 6 in the
electrotype foundry. The editorial staff num-
bers eight principals and assistants.
In the press room and bindery of this house
there are: One double cylinder Hoe, four Cot-
trell cylinders, three Campbell cylinders, one
Huber perfecting and four Adams' book
presses, and in the job department one Cran-
ston cylinder and three job presses, besides
folders, pasting machines, paper cutters, etc.
Its bindery is the only one in the South, in-
deed, having facilities for some of the finer
processes of the book-maker's art. There are
nearly 1,000,000 pounds of paper used in the
establishment in the course of a year, and the
postage account of the house is frequently as
much as $1,200 a month. The stock of Sunday-
school books, general literature, stationery,
etc., carried, usually amounts to $50,000.
These figures and illustrations show the
character and influence of this establishment
in a business way. Its utility in respect to
Christian education can hardly be measured at
all. It was founded by the General Confer-
ence of the M. E. Church South, in 1854, and
is still under control of that body. Two “book
agents,” or general managers for it are elected
quadrennially by the General Conference.
The present agents, REv. J. D. BARBEE,
D. D., and MR. D. M. SMITH, were elected
by the General Conference held at St. Louis,
Mo., in May, 1890.
The SouthwestERN PUBLISHING House,
of 153 and 155 Spruce street, is engaged in
the publication of subscription books and
the sale of Bibles and albums. Its business
was established in 1879, and it was incor-
porated in 1885. It has $40,000 capital, and
trade in all the Southern States. It has
125 employes, forty of them travelling men.
Jesse French, of the Jesse French Piano
Co., of Nashville and St. Louis, is its presi-
dent; M. M. Ross, principal of the Main
Street City School, vice-president; SAMUEL
W. MEEK, treasurer and manager. These
gentlemen, with Dr. W. A. Atchison, a
prominent physician of this city, and W. J.
Barnett, manager of the Louisville branch,
are the directors. This is the largest house of
the kind in the South. Besides its Louisville
branch, it has others at Waco, Tex., and Char-
lotte, N. C. It has sold 60,000 copies of a single
work, which was published by it—the Rev.
Leroy McWhorter’s “King of Glory,” and
nearly as many of Dr. Lofton’s “Character
Sketches.” It is the publisher of the “New
Type Family Bible,” which contains 2,000 illus-
trations upon its 1,800 royal quarto pages. A
single employe of this company has sold, by
himself, over 10,000 books. Good men can
find profitable employment with it at all times.
It is enterprising and thoroughly reliable.
STATE AND OTHER C IIA RITIES.
As both capital and county seat, Nashville is
a station for the charitable and penal institu-
tions, as well as tribunals of Tennessee and
Davidson county. The State Penitentiary is in
the city and the Tennessee Institute for the
Blind. The Central Insane Asylum of the
State, is six miles out. A county asylum and
poor house is now under construction on the
Gallatin Pike, four and half miles out.
The benefactions of several wealthy and
public spirited residents have provided at va-
rious times past, the Elliston House of Industry,
a school for orphan girls; the Cole or Tennes-
see State Industrial School, and the Watkins
Institute, an establishment somewhat like the




THE CITY OF NASH ITILL E.
41
Cooper Institute in New York. Of an eleemosy-
nary character, also, are the Montgomery Bell
scholarships in the academy of the same name.
Other charitable institutions of the city are
the McKendee Home for aged and infirm
Methodists; the Women's Christian Home for
the reclamation of fallen women; the Protest-
ant, and St. Mary’s Catholic orphan asylums.
There are three large hospitals at Nashville,
one maintained by the city, one by the Catho-
lic Sisters of Charity and one by the Episcopal
order of the Good Shepherd.
THE Hospital of THE Good SHEPHERD, situ-
ated on Tennessee street, South Nashville, is
under the management of the sisterhood of the
Good Shepherd, an Episcopal order of New
York city. Sister Eliza is in charge. It has a
State charter and its finances are controlled by
a board of managers, embracing business men
of the city, most of whom are communicants
of the Episcopal Church. These gentlemen
are J. W. Fisher, manager of the Western
Union Telegraph Co. here, president; Prof.
S. M. D. Clark, principal of Montgomery Bell
Academy, secretary and treasurer; Jno. Orr,
G. M. Jackson, Richard H. Gordon, Wm.
Simmons, M. K. Peck, A. Patterson, J. M.
Hamilton, E. H. East and L. H. Lanier.
This hospital is supported chiefly by volun-
tary contributions. A third part of its income
possibly, is from the small fees of pay patients.
One child’s bed has been endowed by the late
G. W. Stockell, and the endowment for another
is nearly complete. It has accommodations for
twenty patients. Its staff of nurses and attend-
ants numbers six besides the servants, and its
medical staff, twelve, as follows: Doctors N. D.
Richardson, W. A. Atchison, G. C. Savage,
M. Bonner, Richard Cheatham, Chas. Briggs,
Richard Douglas, J. R. Buist, J. S. Cain, G. W.
Hale, Duncan Eve and W. J. McMurray.
Patients are admitted without regard to
their faith or nationality. The location of
the hospital is attractive, and convenient to
car lines.
The Young Men's Christian Association
occupies a fine building which, of itself,
is an indication of the solid foundation
and working strength of this institution.
An engraving of this building will be found
on page 33.
The spires of more than seventy churches,
point heavenward from these hills of
Nashville. In the influences calculated
to advance morality, indeed, Nashville
abounds.
SOCIAL PHASES OF NAS H VILLE.
NASHVILLE's phases of social life are many
and varied. While, as a center of schools and
similar institutions, it has its numerous votaries
of art and letters, and its devotees of science;
and while, as in the Southern communities
generally, it discloses a strong religious senti-
ment prevailing, its people are not denied
those innocent lighter forms of diversion,
which are represented in the theater and
concert hall, the ball ground, race track and
suburban Sunday resort. It has all these, like
the rest of the cities of the country; it has
them indeed in larger number and greater
variety than most cities of its class; and it has
also its clubs, benevolent, fraternal and secret
orders, military, athletic and commercial
organizations of every sort.
The “Vendome,” the “Masonic ’’ theater
(recently remodelled) and “MAy’s GRAND
OPERA House,” are the principal play-houses
of Nashville. The first named of these is, in
its architecture and appointments, the model
theater of the South.
MAY's GRAND OPERA House, formerly Nash-
ville's leading Opera House, is situated on
Cherry street north of Cedar. It was erected
about 1850. Its boards have been trod by all
the greater stars of the period since. During
the late war it was a source of considerable
revenue to its lessees. It is now the only
vaudeville and combination theatre in the
BROAD STREET AMUSEMENT HALL, NASH VILLE, TENN.

42 THE CITY OF NASH I’ILLE.
city, and is one of the best of that sort in
the South.
Its seating capacity is 2,000. It is provided
with parquet, dress circle, balcony and gallery.
ſ
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MAXWELL, HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN,
The stage is forty feet from proscenium to pro-
scenium, fifty feet deep, and has a height of
fifty feet. It is well stocked with scenery and
special sets.
CHARLES MAY, the present manager, having
had charge of May's Opera House, corner
Cedar and Cherry, for the past four years, is
well-known in Nashville. All the leading
vaudeville combinations are booked here for
this season, and next season Mr. May expects
to play that class of shows only. MR. WILL
WYATT, formerly manager of the People’s
Theatre, Milwaukee, Wis., is manager of the
house. He will be remembered by the theatre
going public of Nashville as having formerly
had the management of the old Park. Theatre
in this city.
There are two race tracks in the suburbs:
West Side Park, at the terminus of the United
Electric Railways, two and a half miles out,
and Cumberland Driving Park, owned by the
Cumberland Fair and Racing Association, a
new mile track on the Nolensville Pike, south-
east of the city, about the same distance. The
latter brings Nashville into the grand trotting
circuit of the country.
The principal places of suburban resort at
Nashville are the four parks situated on or at
the terminals of the electric street railways
and dummy lines of the city, from four to seven
miles out; by name, Glendale (the “old Nash-
ville Battle Ground,” of note also as an Indian
burial place), Richland, Cherokee and Maple-
wood, the latter the site of the Masonic Wid-
ows' and Orphans' Home. The grounds of all
four have been tastefully improved by the rail-
road companies, to render them attractive to
the excursive Nashvillian. Springs of sulphur
water are common in and about the city;
many come hither especially to drink and to
bathe in these healing fountains.
To tourists, however, the points of greatest
interest are the old Capitol, with its heroic
bronze equestrian statue of Gen. Jackson
alongside, and the Polk place and tomb, situa-
ted in the city; the Hermitage, Jackson's old
homestead, which is twelve miles out on the
bank of the river, and the two cemeteries, in
which repose, in bivouac of the dead, those who
fell in the battles around Nashville during the
late war.
The National Cemetery is six miles out;
15,000 of those who fought and fell for the old
flag are buried in it; and of those who fought
with equal valor, beneath the stars and bars,
many thousands more await the last tattoo in
the Confederate circle of Mt. Olivet Cemetery,
two and a half miles out from the city on the
Lebanon turnpike. In memory of their devo-
tion, and especially of those whose graves, per-
force, are marked “unknown,” the people of
Nashville have raised a monument in this cir-
cle, a simple shaft, crowned with an ideal fig-
ure, and with a brief inscription upon it. An
engraving of this memorial is presented herein.
BELLE MEADE, which is one of the largest,
oldest, and most reliable horse breeding estab-
lishments of the world, is situated on the
Harding or Richland Pike, about six miles out
of Nashville. It embraces 5,300 acres of blue
grass land, watered by rippling brooks, and
shaded in many parts by the indigenous oaks
and hickories of this part of the country; and
a stone wall, twenty-two miles long, entirely
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THE NICHOLSON HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
enclosing it, serves to guard its aristocratic
equine denizens against vulgar curiosity and
intrusion. It presents the general appearance









THE CITY OF NASH I’ILLE.
43
of one of the manors of old England; it is an
estate as fine as any belonging to the nobility
of the Old World, and is a place, indeed,
which is visited by many of the most distin-
guished personages that have made the tour of
this country.
Belle Meade is, some of the Royal breeding
studs of Europe excepted, the oldest breeding
establishment of the World. Gen. W. G.
Harding, its founder, began the breeding of
thoroughbreds on the place in a modest way,
some sixty or seventy years ago. He was a
great patron of the turf, and a strictly honor-
able gentleman. Many stories are told of him,
none more characteristic, however, than this:
Once, when the auctioneer was crying a colt of
his for $3,000, he rose from his seat, and said,
“knock him down Captain, no yearling is
worth that money.”
The stock he had got together, passed into
the hands of his son-in-law, Gen. W. H. Jack-
son, in the year 1868. Gen. Jackson weeded
out all the inferior mares, and by his method
and system, has added vastly to the fame of
the place. It is, in fact, in respect of the
moneys that have been paid for the animals
bred at it, and for the returns on the turf
they have made upon their purchase price, the
greatest of all the nurseries of thoroughbreds
in the land.
Between 1875 and 1890, there was sold at
Belle Meade, at the regular annual sales, 599
yearlings for $388,030. A dozen of these 599
colts have won more money during their
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WELL BLOCK, NASH VILLE, TENN,
careers on the turf, than the whole number
cost, and more than two million dollars in
stakes and purses have been won by the 599.
The stallions at Belle Meade are Iroquois,
Luke Blackburn, Bramble, Enquirer, Im-
ported Great Tom, and Inspector B. These
DUNCAN HOUSE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Thompson & Gibel, Architects,
are names which, to the horsemen and patrons
of the turf of America and England, are so
familiar that it is scarcely necessary to say
more of them than that they are here. They
form a group, which in the respects of perform-
ance, blood and general breeding quality, is the
most renowned in America. The brood mares
of the place number 106. Among the most
prominent of these matrons of the turf, are
Mariposa, whose first ten foals were all win-
ners, Bribery, Bobinet, Bonnie Mead, Duchess,
Colossa, the dam of Inspector B., Miss Hard-
ing, Bandanna, Planchette, Tullahoma, Tom-
boy and Melita, the dam of Egmont. These
hundred and six and odd mares are, from
a breeder's standpoint, by reason of their
selection, and the strains they represent, of
almost incalculable value.
Gen. Jackson, the proprietor of Belle Meade,
is conceded one of the first of authorities on
blooded horses in this country, as well he
might be with twenty-five years tutelage under
Gen. Harding, besides his experience since.
But he has reputation other than as a mere
breeder of fine horses. He is a native of the
State, the son of a practising physician of
Jackson, Tenn., and is a graduate of the
National Military Academy at West Point. He
served as an officer of the regular army on the
frontier, before the war, for five years; and
during that time was intimately associated with
Kit Carson, La Rue, and other noted scouts
and plainsmen of that era; and he was himself























44 THE CITY OF NASHTVILLE.
engaged steadily throughout that period,
in the warfare with the Red man. In
this station he was complimented frequently
by his department commander, and by the
authorities at Washington in general Orders.
He resigned his position at the beginning of
the war, to accept a post in the regular army
of the Confederacy. The distinguished part
played by him, under the stars and bars, is
indicated by his title, now one of courtesy
only, and by the fact that he is Major-General
of the United Confederate Veterans of Ten-
messee, and president of the Cavalry Associa-
tion of the South.
He has been president of the State Associa-
tion of Farmers, and was also the head of the
State’s Bureau of Agriculture, when that body
compiled the very valuable work known as the
Resources of Tennessee. He was fiscal agent
of the Board at that time, and for unusually
careful financial management in that capacity,
received the thanks of the Legislature of the
State. *
He issued the call and was principal organ-
izer of the first National Agricultural Con-
gress held in this country, and was president
also of that body four or five years. It was
from this origin that the various organizations
of the tillers of the soil, known collectively as
the Farmers’ movement, in fact, sprang. In
political affairs, indeed, he wields a powerful
influence. He was tendered the nomination
for Governor of Tennessee by the Farmers’
Association of the State, but upon the consid-
‘eration that the private station of an American
farmer is really the post of honor, he declined
the proffered fame. It is a matter of common
report besides, that he could have gone to the
United States Senate at the time his brother
secured that place.
The principal commercial organizations of
the city, are the MERCHANTS’ ExCEIANGE,-estab-
lished about fourteen years ago, and to which
most of the business men belong; the CoMMER-
CIAL CLUB, a body whose mission is to further
the city’s interests, whenever possible, and the
REAL ESTATE ExcIIANGE. The principal social
accommodations for 500 guests.
organizations of the business men are the CUM-
BERLAND, HERMITAGE and STANDARD Clubs.
NASHVILLE’s HOTELS.
THE principal hotels of the city are the “Bax-
ter,” the “Nicholson” and the “Maxwell.”
The MAxwell Hous E, corner Church and
Cherry streets, one of the best hotels of the
South, was begun before the war, but during
the war, was seized by the military author-
ities and used as a barracks for federal troops.
After the war, its construction, which had been
interrupted by the hostilities here, was con-
tinued, and it was opened for business as a
hotel in 1869. Since then it has been noted
as a place for important political meetings, and
as the stopping place for governors, presidents
and other celebrities. It has been run by some
of the most famous hotel men of the South, and
its management has always been the very best.
In 1880, its original owner, J. M. Overton,
of this city, sold out to a stock company of
prominent citizens here, among them M. M.
Gardener, vice-president of the Bon Air Coal
Co., H. H. Robinson, Union Ticket agent, J.
Hill Aiken, president of the Bon Air Coal Co.
and vice-president of the Safe Deposit Trust
and Banking Co., of Nashville; H. B. Buckner,
of H. B. Buckner & Co., wholesale dry goods
men; James Todd, of Louisville; J. M. Dick-
inson, of Dickinson & Frazer, attorneys, and
J. P. Drouillard, president of the Cumberland
Iron works.
Since 1890 it has been conducted by W. K.
BLACK, a hotel man of many years experience.
He was formerly with the “Continental” at
Philadelphia, and at Cresson Springs, Pa.
The Maxwell House is very centrally located,
and street cars, running to all parts of the city
and its suburbs, pass its door. It has well
ventilated and elegantly furnished rooms, and
It is noted for
its cuisine and for its rotunda and grand
promenade. Its rates are three dollars a day
and upwards.

NASHVILLE AS A FINANCIAL CENTER.
of the business progress of a
city, during any stated period,
if not also, as some even hold,
the equivalent of its aggregate
actual and legitimate business. Nash-
ville has no regular clearing house, but
its bank clearings for 1890 are estimated
by an Officer of one of its banks at
$1,500,000 to $1,800,000 a week; or, in round
numbers, eighty to ninety-five millions a year.
This is an increase of 20 per cent over 1889.
Nashville has twelve banks, four with a na-
tional charter, three with a State charter, three
banking and trust companies, three Savings
banks; and one private bank, is also conducted
upon the Savings plan.
The total capital of these twelve banks is
about $4,750,000, or with their surplus funds
and undivided profits ($750,000 in the aggre-
gate) added, by a late statement, $5,500,000.
The total deposits in these twelve, savings
deposits included, are $6,500,000; the total
loans and discounts $8,600,000; and the total
resources, over $12,000,000.
This city has, in fact, a third of the capital,
and the same proportion of the aggregate de-
posits of the 151 banks of the State.
The four national banks of the city do five-
sixths of its regular banking business. Their
capital and surplus is fully $4,250,000 in the
aggregate; their deposits, when last reported,
were $5,500,000; their loans and discounts,
$7,500,000; their “cash items,” $1,100,000, and
their total resources over $10,000,000.
The total capital employed at Nashville by
the banks, individuals doing a banking busi-
ness, and loan agencies, is perhaps $8,000,000.
Nashville derives especial importance as a
financial center from the very large aggregate
of governmental and corporate disbursements
made there on account of the city, county and
State, and Federal departments, and of the
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad,
the Tennessee Iron, Coal & Railroad Company,
and other large concerns of the State which
have headquarters in the city. The advantage
it derives from these is indicated by the follow-
ing figures:
The city’s disbursements are, in round num-
bers, $1,000,000 a year; the county’s, ordinarily
*
a third, at least, of that; the State's, $1,875,000.
The United States Revenue collections are
$1,000,000 a year. The Post Office is a deposi-
tory for 900 minor offices in Tennessee, Ken-
tucky and Alabama, and its money order
business aggregates $1,250,000 a year. The
premium receipts of the four local insurance
companies, and of the various insurance agen-
cies of the city, are, in the aggregate, $450,000
a year. .
A banker’s list of the stock quotations on
change shows twenty-eight city and State
corporations—railroad, coal, iron, manufactur-
ing, banking, commercial and improvement
enterprises—listed for stock, and six street
railroad corporations, and twelve others, for
bonds. Among these, were the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad, with $10,-
000,000 of bonds issued, and $8,500,000 of stock;
the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company,
with $10,000,000 of stock and $5,500,000 of
bonds; the Nashville, Decatur and Ensley land
companies, with three to ten million dollars of
stock; the Southern Iron Co., with $2,700,000
of stock and $4,000,000 of bonds, and other
concerns hardly less important.
The four National banks of Nashville, are
the First National, the Fourth National (here-
inafter described separately), the American
National and the Commercial National. All
but the last named have a million dollars
capital paid in, and its cash capital is $500,000.
Their surplus and undivided profits, at the
time of their last available statement, was over
$700,000. Their stocks were held lately at 111
for the First National, 138% for the Fourth,
128 for the American, and 132% for the Com-
mercial. They have all been many years
established; the First National, since the war
period; the Fourth, since 1867; the American,
since 1883, and the Commercial, since 1884.
The three banks with a State Charter, are
the Merchants, the Capital City and the Bank
of Commerce, organized in 1887. The three
savings banks, are the “City,” the “Nash-
ville,” and the “Mechanics” bank. One of
these, the City Savings, has been paying two
per cent quarterly dividends, and at the time
its last statement was published, it had
nearly 1,000 depositors. The total deposits
in these three savings banks are approxi-
mately $400,000.


46 THE CITY OF NASH ITILLE.
The three Trust companies are the Safe
Deposit Trust & Banking Company, organized
in 1883; the Nashville Trust Company, 1889,
|
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FOURTH NATIONAL BANK, NASH VILLE, TENN.
and the Union Bank & Trust Company,
recently incorporated.
The usual rate of interest charged by the
Nashville banks for loans, is eight per cent,
and of discount, the same. The usual rate of
exchange on New York, is one per cent pre-
mium, both buying and selling. The business
of the regular banks is chiefly commercial
discounts.
The Fourth NAtion AL BANK of Nashville
claims the largest combined capital, surplus,
and individual profits of any National bank in
the South, and the figures of its last statement,
published July 9th, 1891, bear the assertion out.
It had then, besides its cash capital of $1,000,-
000, a surplus and undivided profits of $358,-
346.94. Its total resources at the same time
were $2,786,781.02, of which $2,207,398.87 were
loans and discounts, $94,435.25 stocks and
bonds, $221,809.70 exchange, $81,319.39 its
banking house, furniture, fixtures, and real
estate, and $168,245.68 cash on hand. At the
same time the deposits with it aggregated
$1,383,444.08.
The Fourth National was organized in 1867.
It began business with a capital of $200,000,
which sum was increased by 1881 to $500,000,
and by 1887 to the figure given above.
These figures bear their own comment.
During the greater part of its history it has
been under practically the same management.
Its president, Mr. Saml. J. Keith, has been
identified with it as an official since 1882, and
has been president of it ever since. He has
been a merchant and banker of Nashville, a
few years excepted which he spent in New
Orleans, since 1866. The vice-presidents are
Mr. James Whitworth, an attorney retired
from practice, and Mr. J. H. Fall, of J. H.
Fall & Co., wholesale hardware men. The
cashier is Mr. J. T. Howell, a banking man of
many years' experience.
The directors are the following prominent
residents of Nashville: Messrs. Keith, Whit-
worth and Fall, M. M. Gardener, capitalist;
J. M. Dickinson, attorney at law; O. F. Noel,
capitalist; Leonard Parkes, president of the
Nashville Woolen Mills of this city; W. C.
Dibrell, of Murray, Dibrell & Co., wholesale
dealers in boots and shoes; Henry Hart,
retired merchant; James E. Caldwell, presi-
dent of the Cumberland Telephone Co.; N.
McClure, capitalist; T. J. O’Keefe, of O'Keefe
& Walsh, dry goods merchants; Wm. Litterer,
retired merchant, and at present Mayor of the
city; E. Kirkpatrick, of Kirkpatrick & Co.,
wholesale grocers; J. H. Young, capitalist of
Dickson Springs, Tenn.; J. W. Hopkins,
retired merchant; Robert Orr; of Orr, Scrog-
gins & Hume, wholesale grocers; J. W.
Manier, of Manier & Co., wholesale boots and
shoes; W. N. Johns, stock and bond broker;
Geo. M. Jackson, of Orr, Jackson & Co.,
wholesale grocers; J. S. Cooley, of J. S. Cooley
& Co., produce and commission merchants;
Chas. Thurman, of Chas. Thurman & Co.,
wholesale clothiers, and T. P. Bridges, capi-
talist.
Its principal correspondents are the follow-
ing: Fourth National and Mechanics' National
of New York, First National and Merchants’
National of Cincinnati, Merchants' National
and Fourth National of Louisville.
Collections entrusted it receive prompt and
careful attention, and are remitted for on
the day of payment at current rates of ex-
change.
The banking house of the Fourth National
is at 234 North College street. A cut of it is on
this page.






THE CITY OF NASH WILLE. 47
The MERCHANts' BANK of Nashville has a
State charter. It has a capital stock of $150,-
000 paid in, and undivided profits of $4,800,
and, at the time of its statement of June 30th,
1891, had total resources of $360,179.47. Its
loans and discounts then aggregated $287,161,
and its deposits, $190,317.72.
J. N. Sperry, one of the directors of the
Merchants' Exchange of Nashville, and a man
of prominence here for the past thirty years, is
president of the Merchants'; G. N. Tillman, of
Tillman & Tillman, attorneys, vice-president,
and M. McLaughlin, vice-president of the State
Insurance Co., of Nashville, cashier. The
directors, besides these gentlemen, are the fol-
lowing solid citizens: P. G. Dreen, of Wyatt &
Dreen, coal dealers; Henry Sperry, retired
merchant, formerly largely engaged in the cot-
ton seed oil business here; D. Writesman, car-
riage manufacturer; Wm. Litterer, Mayor of
the city; L. Rosenheim, of L. Rosenheim Bros.
& Co., wholesale dry goods; D. F. Wilkin, of
Wilkin & Chamberlin, attorneys; John C.
Burch, proprietor of the Daily Herald; W. C.
Collier, grocer; James Simons and M. J. Dal-
ton, grocers, of Nashville; H. E. Palmer, attor-
ney, of Murfreesboro, Tenn., and Geo. Sea-
wright, stock raiser.
The correspondents of the Merchants' are
the National Bank of the Republic, of New
York, and the First National Bank, of Cincin-
nati. -
The banking house of the Merchants’ is at
234 North College street.
The MECHANICs’ SAVINGs BANK & TRUST Co.
of Nashville has a State charter. It was
organized in 1886, and has $50,000 capital and
$25,000 surplus. When a statement was made
by it on July 1st, last, it had total resources of
$249,091.95, and deposits of $165,685.01. Divi-
dends of 8 per cent per annum have been re-
gularly paid by it since 1888, and it has been
conducted with entire satisfaction to both its
depositors and stockholders.
Lewis T. Baxter, its president, is president
also of the Nashville Land Improvement Co.,
the Farmers' Savings, Building & Loan Asso-
ciation, and the Mineral & Timber Land Co.;
and besides, is an officer and director in numer-
ous other local enterprises. He is one of the
largest, if not the largest property owner here.
Wm. Porter, its vice-president, is a retired
merchant, interested in the Nashville Trunk
factory and other manufacturing ventures.
The cashier is Chas. Sykes, president of the
Tennessee Adamant Co., and treasurer of the
State Building & Savings Association, and
interested in a number of other concerns also.
The directors are Judge John Woodard,
capitalist; J. B. Richardson, of Richardson
Bros & Co., wholesale boots and shoes; M. M.
Gardner, capitalist; John A. McEwen, shirt
manufacturer and proprietor of McEwen's
Steam Laundry & Dye Works; L. Rosenheim;
F. O. Beaxley, wholesale and retail grocer; M.
T. Bryan, attorney at law; D. Writesman,
carriage manufacturer; Thomas Nolan, dealer
in sand, lime and building materials; W. T.
Smith, County Court clerk; J. M. Eatherly, re-
tired merchant; B. J. McCarthy, superinten-
dent of the Phillips & Buttorff Manfg. Co.'s
Works; Harry Evans, capitalist; J. G. Jones,
stone contractor; V. S. Pease, real estate, and
Messrs. Baxter and Porter.
The Mechanics’ acts as a trust company, as
trustee, administrator, executor, or guardian. As
a savings bank it pays interest on deposits, and
gives special attention to the purchase and sale
of foreign and local securities on commission.
MC KENDREE CHURCH, NASH VILLE, TENN.
(Height of spire, 247 feet.)
H. C. Thompson, Architect.

48 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
INSURANCE BUSINESS OF THE CITY.
THE total premiums receipts of the four local
insurance companies of Nashville and the
twenty or more fire and marine agencies, dur-
T - i
|
-----------
In
ºl
- If
H
|
NEW POLICE STATION, NASH VILLE, TENN.
ing 1890, was $440,211, an increase of $28,000
over the year before. The lion's share was,
very naturally, that of the local companies.
These four companies are the State, organ-
ized in 1865; the Equitable, twenty years
established; the Nashville Fire & Marine,
incorporated in 1881, and the Home Fire Insur-
ance Co., chartered in 1884.
The STATE INsu RANCE Co., of Nashville, 223
College street, as will be seen, is the oldest of
Nashville's four local insurance companies. It
has $200,000 capital paid up. On January 1st,
1891, a statement was rendered by it, showing
that it had total assets of $260,340, of which
$54,775 were stocks and bonds, $93,785 loans
on collateral, $70,211 loans on personal secur-
ity, $10,537 loans on mortgage, and $13,500 the
value of its real estate. It had, at the same
time, a re-insurance fund of $33,685, and a sur-
plus of $18,418.
Its management is in capable hands. G. P.
Thruston, its president, is a lawyer, resident
here since the close of the war. He is largely
interested in other financial concerns of the
city also. He is corresponding secretary of the
Historical Society of Tennessee, and something
also of a public man. The vice-president is
James McLaughlin, cashier of the Merchants'
Bank of Nashville. The secretary is D. R.
Johnson. He has been in the company's ser-
vice for twenty-five years.
The directors, besides Messrs. Thruston and
McLaughlin, are W. H. Morgan, capitalist;
James Burns, of Burns & Co., leather dealers;
John Whorley, capitalist; B. F. Wilson, capi-
talist also: Philip Olwell, merchant; D. F.
Wilkin, attorney, and H. Justi, of the Nash-
Ville Trust Co.
All the risks of this company are in thriving
Tennessee towns, having both water works and
a well equipped fire department.
THE EQUITABLE FIRE INsur ANCE CoMPANY.,
of 231 North College street, has been doing
business now for twenty years. It has $150,-
000 capital, and at the beginning of the current
year, had a surplus as to policy holders of
$163,220, and total assets of $221,100.43. Its
premiums business aggregates about $80,000 a
year, a large sum considering the fact that it
writes no policies outside the State of Tennes-
see. It has some sixty agencies underwriting
for it, and several traveling representatives
besides, and in addition to its own business, it
is the representative here, as general agent, of
the Greenwich Fire Insurance Company of
New York, the Planters' Insurance Company
of Memphis, the City of London Insurance
Company of London, England, and the Man-
chester Fire, of the English city of the same
Ilalne.
Its managing officers are gentlemen experi-
enced in the insurance business; A. G. Adams,
its president, is a capitalist of the city; Saml.
Cowan, vice-president, is of Patterson, Gibson
& Co., wholesale dealers in toys and notions;
“DAILY AMERICAN’’ BUILDING, NASH VILLE, TENN,



















THE CITY OF NASH VILLE, 49
J. O. Treanor, secretary, has been in the
service of the company since its foundation,
and has been its
secretary since
1882. Following -
are the directors: £º
Messrs. Adams
and Cowan; H.
B. Buckner, of
Buckner & Co.,
wholesale dry
goods; Hon.T. D.
Craighead, capi-
talist; J. E. Gil-
bert, of J. E. Gil-
bert & Co., cotton
factors; Geo. M.
Jackson, of Orr,
Jackson & Co.,
wholesale groc-
ers; T.S. Weaver,
attorney at law;
J. M. Bass, capi-
talist; W. W.
Berry, of Berry, Demoville & Co., and also
president of the American National Bank;
S. J. Keith, president of the Fourth National
Bank, and J. B. Richardson, of Richardson
Bros. & Co., wholesale boots and shoes.
The NASH VILLE FIRE & MARINE INSURANCE
CoMPANY has $100,000 capital and a surplus of
$11,667. Its assets, by a recent statement,
were $142,034. The HoME has $100,000 capital,
a reserve of $23,324 and $130,962 assets. The
four companies had, therefore, $550,000 of ag-
gregate capital and assets altogether of $754,436.
The values destroyed by fire during the year
October, 1889, to October, 1890, were in the
aggregate $212,274. Several unusually large
fires, however, occurred during that period.
The business generally, has been prosperous.
The fire department is considered by the
underwriters an efficient body. The water
supply is ample and the pressure, fifty pounds
on the heights, to ninety in the lower levels of
the city, quite sufficient.
exist unfavorable to reasonable fire protection.
“BANNER” BUILDING,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
No account is available of the life business tº
done at Nashville, or from the city as head- tº
quarters. The leading companies are all
represented here. There is one local accident
company, the AMERICAN MUTUAL.
The leading agents are banded together as
the NAshville BoARD or UNDERwriters. Fol-
lowing are sketches of some of the principal
agencies of the city.
No special conditions tº
FIRE Agents AND AGENCIEs.
JAMEs E. CALDw ELL, 2 Noel Block, corner of
Church and College streets, is the agent here
for the Roy AL INsu RANCE CoMPANY or ENGLAND,
which has assets of $33,000,000. He has an
agency covering Nashville and Davidson
county, and he does, for this company, the
largest fire insurance business of this city.
He has this advantage over other agents; the
losses of his company, in his field, are paid
directly from here, and therefore much more
promptly than by the other companies pursu-
ing a different system. He has been estab-
lished since 1875. His brother was formerly in
partnership with him, but he is now the sole
representative of the company here.
The Royal, although a foreign organization,
is, in respect of its American business, practi-
cally a home company. It has its assets
largely invested in the principal securities of
the United States. One of the finest office
buildings of the great city of Chicago, is that
built and owned by it, situated near the Board
of Trade there.
THE GERMAN-AMERICAN INSURANCE CoMPANY.,
of New York, has one of its general agencies,
covering, as ter-
ritory, the thir-
teen Southern
States, in Nash-
ville, at 8 Noel
Block. Its repre-
sentative here is
JAs. A. THoMAs.
He has had
charge of its
Southern busi-
ness since 1872,
when an estab-
lishment was
first made here.
He has been a
resident here
for 35 years, and
has been an
insurance man
nearly all his
business life.
He is a director
BAXTER COURT, NASH VILLE,
of the Commer-
H. C. Thompson, of Thompson &
Zwicker, Architect. cial National
Hughes & Rives, Builders. Bank, of this
city, and of the
Nashville Trust Company, and has other sub-
stantial individual resources.



50 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
Under him, are local agents in all the princi-
pal towns and cities of the South. His manage-
ment has been very successful, and a large part
of the company’s business is now derived from
his department.
Organized in 1872, the German-American is
now in its nineteenth year. It has a capital
stock of $1,000,000, and a reinsurance reserve,
by its statement of January 1, 1891, of $2,042,-
118. Its total assets then were $5,548,474,
classified as follows: $1,162,784 of United
States, New York City and Brooklyn bonds;
$150,000 of St. Louis, Atlanta and Nashville
city bonds; $1,477,000 of railroad bonds,
$1,052,350 of railroad stocks, $68,175 of New
York City bank stocks, $130,000 of New York
City gas company stocks, $50,000 of Standard
Oil Trust stock, $20,000 Pullman Palace Car
Co.'s stock, $100,000 Western Union Telegraph
Co.'s stock; cash and uncollected premiums,
$612,457. .
SIDNEY GooD, fire insurance agent of 201
Cherry street, under the Maxwell House, has
been established here in that line some five
years.
of Good, Lipscomb & McKay, but, upon the
dissolution of that partnership early in 1891,
he embarked in the business they were en-
gaged in on his own account.
He represents the following companies: the
GERMAN INSURANCE COMPANY of Freeport, Ill. ;
the NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRE of Manchester, N.
H.; the SUN, FIRE & MARINE of San Francisco,
Cal. ; the SYNDICATE of Minneapolis, Minn.,
and the NEW ORLEANS INSURANCE COMPANY of
New Orleans, La. -
With these staunch old companies he does a
very good business and has a steadily growing
patronage His business is mostly confined to
this city. He is a native of Mississippi, but
has been a resident here for twelve years, and
is well acquainted among the local business
men and large property Owners.
W. D. GALE, Fire Insurance Agent, of 321
Church street, Nashville, has made for himself
an enviable reputation as a fire underwriter.
He entered the business of fire insurance
about three years ago as full partner in the
old firm of H. L. Claiborne & Co., which had
been doing business here for more than a quar-
ter of a century. The firm name of that agency
was changed at his entrance to Claiborne &
Gale. Recently he purchased Col. Claiborne's
interest in the business and now he is the sole
local representative of the following widely
known companies: the LIVERPOOL & LONDON &
he may undertake.
He was formerly a member of the firm
trying period of the war.
GLOBE, LANCASHIRE, NIAGARA, GEORGIA HOME,
and MICHIGAN FIRE & MARINE. -
The local affairs of these companies have
been so well conducted by Mr. Gale, that a
steadily increasing profit is constantly shown,
reflecting credit upon him and displaying his
business capabilities and integrity.
Mr. Gale is a young man, possessed of energy
and magnetism, and qualities that are bound
to bring him success in almost any walk of life
During his business career
he has made hosts of friends and is especially
gaining reputation as one of Nashville's fore-
most fire underwriters. He is the son of the
late Col. W. D. Gale, who was one of Nash-
ville's pioneer fire underwriters, and whose
record as business man, citizen and gentleman,
is not easily excelled.
LIFE INSURANCE AGENCIES.
THE NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE Co., of New
York, is represented here by J. W. JACKSON,
manager of its Tennessee department, 327%
|Union street. He established the company’s
agency here in 1886.
The New York Life is one of those extraor-
dinary institutions which have given the Amer-
ican people reputation, the world over, as
financiers. Its assets, at the time of its annual
statement, January 1st, 1891, were $115,093,-
966; its surplus, $15,654,663; its total income
during 1890, $31,483,702. It had then almost
$570,000,000 of insurance in force, and had
written, during the year just passed, over
$159,500,000 of new business.
The New York Life was the first to remove
the suicide clause from its policy; the first to
introduce non-forfeiture policies, and one of
the first to present the Tontine policy, which,
meeting the approbation of merchants, bankers
and others used to the consideration of monied
affairs, has met likewise with the favor of the
public generally. In brief, the company has
the strength and characteristics that are the
best guarantees to those who desire life insur-
2,1] C62.
The New York Life is the only life company
that maintained offices in the South during the
It has paid out more
money for death claims in Tennessee than all
the other life companies combined.
For statement of cost and results of a policy
in this great company, write, stating your age,
to J. W. Jackson, manager Tennessee Depart-
ment, 327% Union street, Nashville, Tenn.,
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE 51
and your communication will receive prompt
attention.
The NorthwestERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
Co., one of the six great life companies of the
country, and therefore of the world, for Amer-
ica leads the world in enterprises of this char-
acter, has a general agency established here,
covering Tennessee and Alabama, with the
firm of THROOP & EASTMAN, of 57 to 64 Baxter
Court, in charge. The company also does a
loan business here, and MR. A. S. CALDWELL
has charge of that department of the business.
He was formerly in the fire insurance business
here on his own account. He has been acting
in his present capacity since the company de-
termined to place some of its assets hereabouts,
about a year ago.
Mr. Throop, of the firm, formerly repre-
sented the Equitable Life, of New York, here.
Mr. Eastman was clerk and deputy clerk of the
county of Davidson, in which Nashville is sit-
uated, for twenty-one years. He is president
of the People’s Building & Savings Association
of Nashville. These gentlemen have been in
partnership for the last two years.
The Northwestern had, by its statement of
January 1st, 1891, over $42,000,000 of assets,
and a surplus of $6,500,000. Its total income
during the year was over $11,000,000, about
$9,000,000 derived from premiums, and the bal-
ance from interests and rents. It had, at the
close of 1890, some $35,500,000 assets loaned
out. Nearly $10,000,000 of that sum had been
placed during the year then just past. It will
thus be seen that it makes considerable return
for the business done with it here as well as
elsewhere. It has nearly 100,000 policy hold-
ers insured with it for almost $240,000,000. It
has paid in death losses, during its thirty-two
years of business, over $21,000,000, and in div-
idends, mutual endowments, etc., $31,750,000,
Over $62,000,000 of new business was done by
it in 1890. So well has it been managed that
its percentage of losses was nearly a third less
than the average of the companies reporting in
Massachusetts during 1889.
Its management is in thoroughly competent
hands. Its trustees are representative business
men and capitalists of the West. Its policy
Contract is as liberal as any extant, and the
Security it affords equal to that offered by any
Company engaged in business in the wide
World.
THE UNION MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY., of Portland, Me., was established in
1848, and is, therefore, now nearly half a
century old. It has paid, in that time, to
policy-holders, $25,461,005.54; in fact, it has
paid more money to policy-holders, in propor-
tion to money paid by policy-holders, than any
company doing business in the United States.
This shows that it recognizes the right of the
policy-holder to participate in the profit of the
business. r
Its insurance contract is a simple promise
to pay in case of death or maturity of
policy. The rights and privileges of the policy-
holder are liberally and clearly set forth. He
is given thirty days of grace to pay his pre-
miums, and has six methods of settlement at
the end of that period. This enables the
insured to adapt his settlement to his then
existing condition, which is likely to be very
different from the time he took the contract.
He is given the opportunity, in case of lapse
after the third annual payment, to take a
paid-up policy, with the additional protection
of the Maine non-forfeiture law; under which
law, the company gives him the most liberal
extension of insurance afforded by any com-
pany now doing business in this country.
Observe the extension thus given: The
policy-holder has the right, during this exten-
Sion, to pay up his premiums and reinstate the
policy, at the same rate, by passing a new
examination. To illustrate the value of this
feature of this company’s policy contract, the
following official figures are given : There has
been paid 178 death claims under this law,
amounting to $339,966.52. If the insurers had
taken a paid-up policy at the time of the lapse,
the company would only have had to pay them
$93,265.00, making a difference in favor of the
insured by the Maine non-forfeiture law, or
extended insurance, of $246,701.52.
The Union Mutual is noted for its fair and
liberal dealings with policy-holders, and prompt
payment of claims. As proof of this, letters
can be exhibited that speak for them-
selves.
Mr. RoPIN JONES, manager at Nashville for
this company, has his office at 313% Union
street. As manager for it, he issues policies of
many different kinds, covering nearly every
condition and circumstance of existence. He
Wilſ employ first-class men as solicitors in
profitable territory at any time.
THE FIDELITY & CASUALTY COMPANY of New
York, has one of its general agencies here,
with the Southern States allotted it as territory.
Its representative here, is the firm of J. E.
WARNER & Co., 405% Church street, the
52 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
principal in which is J. E. Warner, formerly
a fire insurance agent of the city for many
NOEL BLOCK, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Vaughn & Tolar, Builders.
years, and notable also as secretary and treas-
urer of the Nashville Trout Pond Fish Breeding
Company. -
The Fidelity & Casualty Co. was organized
thirteen years ago. It has a capital of $250,000,
and $200,000 in revenue bonds deposited with
the insurance department of the State of New
York, as a guarantee for its policy holders. Its
assets are over $1,600,000. It had paid losses
up to January 1st, last (1891), aggregating
$2,241,110, and is considered the most sub-
stantial company of the kind in this country.
As a fidelity company, it furnishes bonds of
surety ship for persons in positions of trust, on
the insurance plan; as a casualty company, it
takes risks on boilers, plate glass, employers'
liability, and personal accident.
Messrs. Warner & Company do more business
with it than is done by any other agency of
the kind in the South. They have allotted
them for territory, the States of Tennessee,
Alabama and Florida.
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
THE business of the Nashville Post Office, by
reports officially rendered, had increased fully
ten per cent within the year preceding March
31, 1891. The gross receipts of the office (not
including money orders), are now $175,000 a
year. The total business of the money order
department, during the year just mentioned,
was $1,239,335, of which $647,930 was receipts,
and $580,792 orders paid. Over 12,000,000
pieces of mail matter were handled by the office
in the same time. The several large publish-
ing houses here augment the postal business of
the city largely.
MAjor A. W. WILLs, the postmaster of
Nashville, is a native of Philadelphia. He
enlisted from there for the war, and for ser-
vices of distinction was breweted Lieutenant-
Colonel. His assignments as an officer brought
him to Nashville, and after the war he located
permanently here.
He was especially conspicuous among the
most valiant Federal officers at Antietam, and
the assaults on Nashville. He was on the staff
of Gen. John F. Miller, afterward senator from
California, and was a close friend of Gen. Geo.
H. Thomas, on whose staff he was also for two
years. While this city was held by the armies
of the North, he was depot quartermaster, and
as such disbursed millions of dollars. His
vouchers for these large sums were never called
into question. After his army service in fact,
he settled all of his Government accounts and
received certificates of non-indebtedness from
every department of the Government.
For a time after the war, and while still an
officer of the army, he was assigned the duty of
locating and purchasing National cemetery
lands in the Southwest, and in that capacity,
laid out those at Corinth, Miss., and Pitts-
burg Landing, Tenn. At the time he was
appointed postmaster here, he was one of the
most prominent claims attorneys of the South.
He has abandoned practice of that profession,
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COLE BUILDING, NASH VILLE, TENN.





































THE CITY OF NASH VILLE, 53
however, to give his whole attention to the
duties of his office. And “his efficient man-
agement of it,” says one of the local news-
papers, “has resulted in a better service than
we have enjoyed for years.”
R. G. DUN & Co.'s Mercantile Agency has
one of its numerous sub-agencies established
at Nashville, with Joseph R. FRITH in charge.
He was formerly with the firm in New York
and afterwards at Denver, Col., and Kansas
City, and he has been with it for sixteen years
altogether. He has therefore had the requisite
experience and tact to be of service to the
company and its subscribers.
The district allotted him for territory by the
company embraces middle Tennessee, Northern
Georgia and Northern Ala-
bama. He has ten clerks
PALMER's LAw AND Collection AGENCY, for-
merly located at Bowling Green, Ky., for fif-
teen years, was removed here in August, 1891,
to secure the advantages of a larger trade cen-
ter, covering a wider field than it had. It is
not, however, a minor concern; nor is it pro-
posed to confine its operations to Nashville
and Tennessee. It already has business in
Cincinnati and Louisville, and other large cit-
ies, and its organization comprehends a national
SCOpe.
MR. RICHARD PALMER, proprietor and mana-
ger of this agency, is a native of Warren county,
Kentucky, 47 years old, and has been before
the business community of that State pretty
much all his life.
and three traveling men
under him. Since he took
charge here for the com-
pany, in 1886, its business
has increased fully eighty
per cent. Merchants gen-
erally know the purpose
and utility of this Mercan-
tile agency, which has been
established since 1841, just
50 years, and many of those
here have availed them-
selves of its advantages,
both as subscribers to its
reference reports and as
patrons of its collections
department, which is at
the service of the public,
whether subscribers or not.
The latter is the best
equipped organization in
the land for commercial
collections. It has its
own attorneys and the most thorough sys-
tem yet devised for liquidating mercantile
claims. It is now doing a much larger business
than ever before. “We have seen,” says a
circular of this department, “many collection
agencies spring up, flourish awhile and disap-
pear. But R. G. Dun & Co. have been in
existence for 50 years. For ourselves we
claim one virtue at least, and that is relia-
bility.”
The office of this agency here is in the Bax-
ter Court Building, Church street.
VIEW ON CHURCH STREET, NASH VILLE, TENN.
The purpose and plan of this agency is simi-
lar to that of the other mercantile agencies of
the country. It gives, however, especial atten-
tion to the collection of bad debts. A member-
ship fee paid it entitles the subscriber to all the
privileges of the agency, without reservation.
Among its patrons some of the most promi-
nent business men, corporations and other
business concerns of the State are represented.
The business of such concerns is solicited, and
they are invited to examine its facilities and
plan.


REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING AT NASHVILLE.
PROGRESS [LLUSTRATED.
ENTION was made, at the begin-
ning of this account of the city,
of the activity prevailing in the
real estate market, and of the
improvement visible in the mat-
ter of the buildings of Nashville;
a state of affairs usually con-
sidered significant of general pros-
perity and growth. That topic is the
subject of this chapter.
Ten or twelve years ago property at
Nashville was not greatly in demand; prices of
realty were very nearly stationary, and the
enhancement in values, from year to year, Was
scarcely noticeable. Investments made then
have returned handsome profits to those who
had the courage to risk them.
The change, to which we refer, was wrought
by the advancement of the city in population,
trade and wealth, and especially in manufac-
tures; it began to be apparent to the far-
seeing six or eight years ago, and to be strik-
ing five years back. Still, as late as six years
ago, there were many who looked upon specu-
lation in realty here as courting disaster; and
only a year or so ago, the advertisement of a
million dollar sale of outside lands, met with
the protest of agents themselves, many of
whom were fearful that so large a sale would
“swamp” the market. It had, however, the
contrary effect; it enlivened it all the more.
This statement we present on the authority
of Hon. Lewis T. Baxter, one of the largest
operators in real estate here. It was made by
him in a speech before the Nashville Real
IEstate Exchange in April last.
An instance was given by him, in this same
address, of the enhancement which has taken
place generally over the city. “I bought,”
said he, “a piece of property in West Nashville,
in 1885, for $2,600, and sold it in a year for
$13,200; and it is now worth, at auction, con-
siderably over $20,000.’’
The sales of real estate at Nashville from
March 1st, 1890, to March 1st, 1891, aggregated
$13,000,000. This was $3,300,000 more than
those of Louisville in the same time, a city of
twice Nashville’s population. The advance in
prices generally during that period, according
to Mr. Baxter, was twenty per cent; and of the
last five years, according to others, fully 100
per cent. In some of the suburbs it has been
as much as 400 per cent in the last named
period. And the prospect for the future is now
far more promising than at any period past.
A LIVELY MARKET.
IN order to present accurately the conditions
affecting real estate at Nashville, the opinions
of several leading agencies of the city (promi-
nent among them ARMSTRONG & SOUTHGATE
and CRUZEN & PACE) have been taken for this
work; and the facts hereinafter given are those
furnished by them. They agree in the main,
but to harmonize the very natural differences
between them, especially as to values and
prices, we have taken the highest and lowest
figures they report to be the maximum and
minimum valuations, respectively, of Nash-
ville property.
Following are these expert statements con-
densed and combined:
The expansion of the business of the real
estate agent and the advance in prices exhib-
ited, is due to no special, singular or temporary
circumstance. It results primarily from the
steady and unobstructed rise of the city as a
jobbing market and manufacturing place.
Incidentally other expediting causes are con-
tributory in this regard; new transportation
projects, the growing fame of the city as an
educational center, the awakened enterprise of
the larger property owners, the investments
made by non-residents, and most of all of
these secondary influences, the rapid transit
conveniences afforded, by means of which
suburban improvement has been especially
accelerated. Particularly noteworthy, all
those interviewed declare, are two phases of
Nashville’s later development, namely; the
building improvements, and the suburban
growth.
There have been some few dull periods in
the market for property here; but while the
sales have been lessened perhaps thereby for a
time, prices have continued to be well sus-
tained. This was the case during the financial
stringency of the summer of 1891; but with


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE, 55
the better outlook for general trade, and better
prices for the commercial staples, the business
again in the common phrase, “looks up.”
Nashville has never experienced a boom, in
the sense of the term, out West ; it is a com-
munity of a conservative temper; and it
marches forward in the column of progress
with a firm and a steady tread.
PRICES AND WATLUES.
THE prices withal, at which property is held
in Nashville, are, by contrast with those pre-
wailing in other cities of its class (prospects
and possibilities of profit considered), exceed-
ingly reasonable. Wholesale property, im-
provements not taken into account, is held at
prices ordinarily ranging from $200 a front
foot to $450; the highest price paid thus for
such property was $500, and this was not
considered an excessive valuation for it.
Property on the principal retail thorough-
fares, not counting improvements, is worth
from $500 to $1,500 a front foot, in choice loca-
tions; to strike an average $1,000 perhaps.
On side streets it can be got for $400 to $500.
Choice inside residence property (improve-
ments not counted) is worth $100 to $125 a.
front foot; the highest perhaps $200; suburban
residence sites, $20 to $75; and outlying sites,
suitable for workingmen’s homes, $8 to $15,
and even as low, well out, as $2 a front foot.
Manufacturing sites with side track and other
shipping facilities convenient, are held at the
same price inside as wholesale property, where
they are similarly situated. They can be
bought, however, inside, at from $25 to $100 a
front foot, and in the suburbs for from $300 to
$500 an acre. Some even, in the outskirts, for
speculative purposes are given away.
The advantages of the city as a place of per-
manent residence have been pretty fairly pre-
sented already herein, but they will bear
repetition, in this connection. These are, (1)
the cheap living to be enjoyed in a city seated
in the midst of one of the richest and most
productive regions of the land; (2) the health-
ful and pleasant climate; (3) the social advan-
tages of an old city; (4) the educational facil-
ities of a city of schools; (5) the public con-
Veniences of water supply, lights, sewers, street
railroads, etc., of a modern city, and, (6) the
business opportunities of a growing city.
Its advantages for business are those of a
trade center aiming at precedence of all in the
South; of a city especially favored in its possi-
bilities for manufactures, which possibilities
are disclosed in the diversified products of its
surroundings, the iron and coal, lumber, cotton,
tobacco and cereals of neighboring parts.
While property values are low at Nashville,
the income that can be derived from an invest-
ment in real estate here, is, almost anywhere
in the city and for all classes of property, ex-
cellent. Taxes, insurance and other charges
against property are anything but burdensome.
The city is not deeply in debt, and is little, if
any, behind the other cities of the country in
the matter of public improvements. Many
instances might be given of improved property
earning largely on the investment; probably
the best rental income is that derived from the
large office buildings of the city, like the Van-
derbilt Building, Baxter Court, the Cole Build-
ing, and Noel Block.
As an investment, suburban property offers,
perhaps, the greatest assurance of enhance-
ment; because here, as elsewhere, the rule is,
that as inside property doubles, suburban quad-
ruples in value. There is hardly any direction
in the suburbs that a speedy advance may not
reasonably be expected.
The city is extending evenly on every hand;
the fashionable residence quarter grows toward
both the west and the east, and particularly in
the direction known as the West End. The
business quarter encroaches upon the resi-
dence district to the west chiefly, but crowds it
also on the South.
OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTED.
THERE is ample room on every hand for the
city to grow. Acreage can be obtained at rea-
sonable prices. There is little disposition on
the part of owners to hold for fancy prices.
Considerable non-resident money is in the
hands of local agents, and is available for
developmental projects. Titles are, barring
exceptional cases, secure. Some of them date
back a hundred years or more, to the time when
Nashville was an outpost, merely, of the then
Royal colony of North Carolina.
Nashville presents the most favorable oppor-
tunities to the thrifty man to Secure a home.
Fifteen building and loan associations stand
ready to assist him in such effort. Mortgage
loans usually command six per cent interest,
and sometimes as much as eight; from a half
to two-thirds of valuations are loaned.
56 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
The expense of building at Nashville is com-
paratively reasonable. The city is one of the
great markets for building material, especially
for the products of lumber. Brick is manufac-
tured largely in its environs; foundation stone
is quarried almost on the ground. Labor is
plentiful. The residences, in this climate, are
largely frame structures, but the building ordi-
nances of the city require a more substantial
type in the districts down town.
RENTS, WATER RATES, ETC.
THE question of rents is one of interest to
all classes—to the landlord and tenant alike.
The following figures furnished us show what
the expense of a rented establishment is here:
Eor business property the rental demanded
would not be considered, in many other places,
at all high. A three or four story building
suitable for a wholesale house here fetches
$1,200 to $3,500 a year; a retail establishment on
a main street, $1,200 to $7,500, according to loca-
tion and the accommodations furnished. Long
term leases are the rule.
A residence of eight to ten rooms brings
$35 to $50 a month ; one of six rooms, $18 to
$30; and one of four rooms, $12 to $16.
The price of gas is $2.10 a thousand feet.
Water is supplied from the city works, through
a meter, for domestic purposes, at fifteen cents
a thousand gallons; and to manufacturing
concerns at seven cents for the same quan-
tity.
Although there is considerable demand at
Nashville for country property, but little
attention is given that branch of the business
by the real estate agents of the city. The
region adjacent to Nashville is that prolific blue
grass land suitable for the growth of cotton,
tobacco, fruits, truck, and particularly for pas-
turage. It is worth $20 to $50 an acre, unim-
proved, and $50 to $100 under cultivation;
with acreage suitable for subdivision, of course,
proportionately higher, according to its prox-
imity to the city line. -
Some of the finest estates in the Union are
near by Nashville. “Belle Meade” breeding
stud, the property of Gen. W. H. Jackson and
his brother, Senator Jackson of Tennessee,
described on page 42 of this work, embraces
5,000 acres. Dr. W. W. Morrow, capitalist of
Nashville, occupies 2,700 acres with his Mor-
row Jersey Herd enterprise, and E. D. Hill’s
stock farm embraces 2,000 acres. These parties
and the Nashville Land Improvement Co.
(page 58), W. M. Duncan, E. W. Cole, the
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co., and
J. L. Weakley, are the greatest land owners of
this part of the country resident or headquar-
tered in the city.
The largest owners of Nashville realty are L.
T. Baxter, whose possessions, improved and
unimproved, are estimated worth $250,000;
Judge John M. Lea (largely improved), $300,-
000; S. M. Murphy, $300,000; E. T. and O. F.
Noel, $500,000, and E. W. Cole, $650,000.
These, and the other large property owners of
the city are, for the most part, enterprising in
improvement of their holdings.
The agents of the city are organized as the
REAL ESTATE ExCHANGE of Nashville, estab-
lished March 1, 1890, with M. B. Pilcher,
president; Norman Kirkman, treasurer, and
Anson Nelson, secretary. This body, like the
Commercial Club of the city, to which most of
the prominent business men belong, devotes
considerable attention to furthering the inter-
ests of Nashville, by spreading information
concerning it abroad.
SKETCHES OF THE AGENCIES.
FOLLOWING are sketches of some of the lead-
ing real estate concerns of Nashville:
CHRISTOPHER & KIRKMAN, real estate, loan
and rental agents, 315 Union street, have both
city and country property listed with them for
Sale. It is generally conceded, even by com-
petitors, that in the handling of large loans,
and the transaction of large deals in choice
business and suburban property, this firm
stands at the head of their line here.
They have to their credit some of the largest
transactions ever made in any Southern city.
They also have business relations with Eastern
capitalists, which give them unlimited re-
Sources for the placing of loans on mortgage
Security at current rates and on long time.
Both members have had valuable experience
in the handling of real estate and loans, and
have participated actively in the real estate
revival of the last few years here. Mr. Kirkman
is a director in the American National Bank
and the Real Estate Exchange of Nashville,
and both are directors in the BELMONT PARK
and BELMONT ANNEX companies. Among the
notable enterprises, to which they have re-
cently turned their attention, one is the build-
ing of the BELMONT AVENUE ELECTRIC CAR LINE,
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58 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
which is now about completed. It is safe to
say, that but for their own liberal subscription
and untiring efforts to induce the property
owners to subscribe to this line, it might have
been many months and even years before this
suburb would have had the benefit of the elec-
tric car service. .
They are also the pioneers in the making of
handsome suburban improvements. In Bel-
mont Annex they have constructed beautiful
boulevards and streets, the contracts for which
provide for a degree of smoothness superior
even to that demanded by the city. The stone
curbing and cement pavements in this subdi-
vision are also of the most costly and sub-
stantial construction.
They are now devoting much of their time
to the building of a superior class of residences
in their subdivisions, which they sell on easy
payments. They have made themselves an
enviable reputation for square dealing and
strict attention to business.
ARMSTRONG & SOUTHGATE, real estate agents,
305 Union street (J. B. Armstrong and W. W.
Southgate, Jr.), have been established as a
firm since April 1st, 1891. Mr. Armstrong, how-
ever, had followed the same business from
August, 1886, formerly as one of the firm of
Davis & Armstrong, and more recently of
Davis, Armstrong & Webster. -
Mr. Southgate can hardly be considered a
novice in the business either. He is one of
the best posted real estate men, in fact, in the
city. He has filled the office of city tax as-
sessor for the eight consecutive years from
1883 to 1891, and was thus afforded an unusually
favorable opportunity to become thoroughly
acquainted with the locations and values of
city properties; and, as he is also a civil engi-
neer by profession, it is safe to assert that the
topography of the city, and of Davidson and
adjoining counties, is as familiar to him as to
any man in the business here. Considerable
of the matter concerning real estate, already
presented herein in the shape of “expert Opin-
ions,” was furnished by him, and may be con-
sidered entirely trustworthy.
Mr. Armstrong is president of the Equitable
Building and Loan Association of this city, an
organization formed the first of the year 1891,
which has already earned reputation by the
volume and character of its transactions.
He lives on his farm situated just outside the
city limits, and embracing 145 acres. Both
partners, in fact, have considerable property
of their Own.
ing rents, paying taxes, etc.
This firm does a general real estate and loans
business, and makes a specialty of looking after
the interests of non-residents, such as collect-
They have one
of the largest rental lists of any firm here, and
have, at all times, listed with them, choice
Suburban and city residence and business
property, improved and unimproved, as well as
sites for manufacturing purposes.
CRUZEN & PACE, real estate agents, of No.
317 Union street, have been in partnership
only since 1890, but Mr. Pace has had several
years’ experience in the real estate business.
Mr. Cruzen has lived here about fifteen years,
and has a wide acquaintance, not only in
Nashville, but throughout the South, acquired
while a traveling salesman for several years
prior to his venture in the real estate business.
He is a live, energetic young man.
Mr. Pace is a Kentuckian. He moved to
the West ten years ago and there engaged in
the real estate business, and accumulated a
good deal of property. In 1890, while looking
through the South for a place to settle in,
where the climate would be better than in the
West, he was attracted to Nashville by its genial
conditions in this regard, and air of prosperity
and push. -
This firm holds a place in the front rank of
the agencies of the city, and has acquired an
enviable reputation for honesty in its dealings
and for enterprising methods.
Messrs. Cruzen & Pace keep up with the
times, know their business, and strangers vis-
iting the city will find their office, not merely
a pleasant place to visit, but a veritable bureau
of information. -
They always have a fine list of property,
both central and suburban, besides farm, min-
eral and timber lands.
The rental department of the firm’s agency
is under the sole management of a thoroughly
capable man, specially employed for this
branch of their business.
The NASH VILLE LAND & IMPROVEMENT COM-
PANY has its general office at the Exchange
|Building in West Nashville, and a branch here
in the city in the Vanderbilt Building. This
company was organized in March, 1887, with a
capital of four millions, to develop the subur-
ban settlement, known as WEST NASHVILLE.
Since that time it has expended in permanent
improvements, such as streets, buildings, etc.,
$100,000. It has built seventy-five houses in a
single year (1890) for residence purposes, and
sold them on the instalment plan. It has set
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE 59
apart ground for parks, and has induced a
number of large concerns to locate in that
part of the city, all of which has rapidly
advanced the price of the property held by it
and purchased from it, and greatly contributed
to its advantages and attractions.
The tract of land owned by this company
embraced originally 4,000 acres, and before it
was purchased by it was grazing ground. On
these 4,000 acres a thriving town is now situ-
ated; vast furnaces and other industrial
establishments are in operation; the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway has a branch
extending through the settlement; and besides.
this it is connected with the city by a dummy
railroad, and an electric line. It has schools
also and churches, and all the educational and
social advantages and conveniences, in fact, of
Nashville itself as well.
The Nashville Land and Improvement Com-
pany sold last year (1890) $230,000 worth of
acreage, lots and homes here. The latter were
constructed by an auxiliary company, the
WEST NASHVILLE BUILDING Association.
The business advantages of West Nashville
are these: It has river transportation by means
of the Cumberland, on which it fronts; it has
a branch of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis Railroad connecting it with the entire
system of Nashville railways; the owners of
the tract have set aside a large number of
manufacturing sites between the river and the
railroad, and advantage has been taken of the
opportunity thus afforded by the following
large works of Nashville: A furnace company,
which runs two blast furnaces, forty-two char-
coal kilns, and an extensive alcohol works;
two saw and planing mills, owned by the
Nashville Lumber Company; the Lewis &
Babcock Manufacturing Company, which man-
ufactures hoes and agricultural tools; and the
Nashville Building Company.
The most important perhaps of all the enter-
prises established here, however, is that of
the GREAT SOUTHERN STOCK YARDs CoMPANY.,
which has 940 acres of the tract, and which
will be a benefit not to West Nashville and
Nashville alone, but to all Middle Tennessee,
for it expects to slaughter at least a million
hogs, and a hundred thousand head of cattle
in the next four years, or twelve million dol-
lars worth. It will expend in improvements
in West Nashville, at least half a million
dollars.
The officers of this company, are: Thomas
D. Fite, capitalist, Vice-president; C. Flisher,
an expert public accountant, secretary; the
Safe Deposit, Trust and Banking Company,
treasurer. The directors are Messrs. Fite and
Flisher, H. B. Buttorf, of the Phillips & But-
torf Manufacturing Company; R. D. Goodlett,
capitalist; L. Rosenheim, of Rosenheim
Brothers & Co., dry goods; John A. Meadors,
dealer in carpets; L. H. Davis, of Yarbrough,
Maddux & Davis, real estate; G. P. Rose,
merchant; M. S. Cockrill, capitalist; J. Hill
Eakin, capitalist and cashier of the Union
Bank and Trust Company of this city; T. M.
Steger, lawyer, and Dr. Thos. Menees, physi-
cian and capitalist.
COL. J.E.R.E. BAXTER, says an article in the
New England Magazine, to which we are in-
debted for matter used in the compilation of
this work, has taken the lead in those in-
dustrial enterprises of Nashville and the State,
which have been characterized most by bold-
ness, foresight and success. -
Pasily first we may add, in his chosen field,
the promotion of landed and developmental
projects, among Nashville’s men of business
affairs is Jere. Baxter, owner of Baxter Court,
an office and hotel building patterned after
the lofty and imposing structures that grace
the streets of Chicago, New York and Boston;
a stockholder in many of the most important
manufacturing and other concerns of the city;
principal in the “Boston Syndicate,” which
has subdivided a large part of the eastern
suburbs of the city for a residence district;
prominently identified with the MAPLE WooD.
SUBURBAN HOME Co., of Nashville, and with
the LookouT MoUNTAIN Park, Railroad and
Hotel project of Chattanooga; and engaged in
numerous other concerns, such as iron mak-
ing, mining and city building corporations,
many of which originated with him, and in
most of which he is the master spirit.
He is a type of the energy and enterprise of
the “New South,’’ and is as well known in the
North, in the New England financial centers
especially, as here at his place of residence.
A vast amount of non-resident capital has been
invested hereabouts through his instrumental-
ity, and his name is a guarantee for any enter-
prise with which he may be identified.
The Baxter Court building, besides the
Baxter House of one hundred rooms, which is
one of the finest hotels in the land, has in it
seventy offices. This building fronts on
Church and College streets. It is eight stories
high, built of brick and stone from plans
drawn by architect H. C. Thompson, of Nash-
60 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
ville, and is, in its architectural style, as shown
by the engraving of it on page 49, of this
work, a characteristically modern type. It
cost Mr. Baxter, not including the furnishing
of the hotel, $225,000, and, take it for all in all,
it is certainly one of the finest buildings in the
South. Mr. Baxter's many and varied interests
are noticed at length in this work in connection
with matters to which they relate. He is a
native of Tennessee, thirty-nine years of age,
and has spent the greater portion of his life in
real estate and kindred enterprises. He has
amassed a fortune by the successful prosecu-
tion of ventures of this character, and he lives
in state in a palatial mansion on the Gallatin
Pike just beyond Maple Wood, about six miles
from Nashville.
YARBROUGH, MADDUx & DAVIs, general real
estate agents of 217 Union street, have been
established since 1878. They have, in all proba-
bility, the longest list of rental property of any
agency here. They have also a vast amount of
improved and unimproved business, residence
and manufacturing property on their books for
sale. They give special attention to collections,
to insurance, the rendition of taxes, and other
functions of real estate agents, and they do a
very considerable business also in the negotia-
tion of loans upon property.
Messrs. Yarbrough and Davis established
the business of their agency in 1878. Mr.
Maddux has been a partner in it for the last
five years. Mr. Yarbrough was a farmer be-
fore he settled here. He is a director of the
First National Bank and of the Bank of Com-
merce, of the Nashville Fire and Marine In-
surance Co. and the Nashville Trust Co., the
leading organizations of their class here. These
interests held by him are an indication of his
resources and standing. Mr. Davis has been a
wholesale dry goods and a wholesale tobacco
merchant of the city, and is also an old resi-
dent here. His experience in the business he
is in now, extends Over twenty years’ acquaint-
ance with the people and property of this
vicinity. Mr. Maddux was in the clothing
trade here for some years prior to his venture
into the real estate business.
F. R. & F. J. CHEATHAM, 309 North Cherry
street, is the firm name of one of the oldest, if
it is not indeed the oldest real estate agency of
Nashville. It was established in 1865 by
Brown & Cheatham. The present firm dates
from 1889. Mr. F. R. Cheatham is one of the
original partners in it. Mr. F. J. Cheatham is
his Son. -
They do a general real estate business in both
city and suburban property and also in country
lands. Their list of rental property here is the
largest in town. They are at present making
a specialty of D. T. McGAvoCK's ADDITION TO
NoFTH NASHVILLE, a very desirable residence
tract, in which they hold a large interest them-
selves. Two electric car lines make this prop-
erty accessible from the heart of the city.
A dummy line runs near it, and there is still
another line under construction.
They have other desirable suburban property
here besides this, chiefly scattered pieces
situated in all parts of the outskirts. They
have suburban acreage for sub-division, have
manufacturing sites listed with them, and busi-
ness property in the city yielding an excellent
income; in short, they have as choice a list of
property as any agency here.
C. S. CALDWELL & Co., real estate and loan
agents, of 1 Cole Building, do a very large
business in that line; that is to say Mr. Cald-
well does, for the “Co.” of the firm name is
nominal merely. . He has been a resident here
for twelve years or more, and during all of
that time has been engaged in this one line.
His experience therefore is anything but
limited.
He makes a specialty of the sale of city
property, chiefly of lots in the suburban addi-
tions, which are much in demand here now,
and has desirable bargains in residence and
business property in all parts of the city.
He also handles farm property. Most of
what he has of this character is in Davidson
county. On his books he also has tracts of
timber and mineral lands.
He is a director of the Waverley Land Co.
and a member of the Real Estate Exchange of
the city.
WEAKLEY & SHIELDs, real estate agents of .
315 North Cherry street, the Vanderbilt Build-
ing, are, perhaps, the oldest, that is to say,
longest established, dealers in their line here,
and are certainly among the largest. Mr.
Weakley has been in the business here since
1865, and Mr. Shields and he have been in
partnership for the last four years. They are
the representatives here of the JARVIS-CONKLIN
MoRTGAGE TRUST COMPANY of Kansas City, Mo.;
they do a very large rental business; they
make a specialty of auction sales of real estate
and have sold in the last few years a vast
amount of Suburban Nashville property for
residence sites, the enhancement of which has
been from 100 per cent to 500 per cent.
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62 THE CITY OF NASHVILLE
Nashville property, indeed, has been a far better
investment than stocks, and many capitalists
hereabouts, who formerly placed their funds in
stocks, are now investing in real estate instead,
something which they themselves, and not a
board of directors, can control.
The advancement which has increased the
price of Nashville property is fully described
in the various divisions of this work, and so
also are the building and other improvements
that have effected it. Little, therefore, is neces-
sary to be added here on that topic, except to
say that this advancement gives every promise
of continuing for a long time to come. The
city grows steadily and solidly in every mate-
rial interest; it possesses, in a word, all the
elements to make it one of the leading cities of
the South.
Messrs. Weakley & Shields were raised
here. They have been in the real estate busi-
ness for a quarter of a century, and are familiar
with the value and characteristics of all the
property in the city. They have been entrusted
with a very long list of it, and also with money
to loan, and they have choice real estate mort-
gages to offer those having trust funds or other
capital to invest.
Mr. Weakley is president of the Commercial
Abstract Company and is one of the principals
in the East Nashville Building and Loan Asso-
ciation. Mr. Shields has lived here since 1833.
He has been a merchant and business man of
Nashville pretty much all his life. Both are
members of the Commercial Club of Nashville.
They refer non-residents to any of the banks of
the city and to Dun’s Agency.
LONG & ASHWORTH, general real estate
agents, of 201 Cherry street, make a specialty
of investments for non-residents, mostly syndi-
cates, which have been organized through their
instrumentality. They have induced Fort
Wayne, Kansas City, Indianapolis and other
Northern and Western parties to invest here
large amounts, several hundred thousand dol-
lars, at least, in the aggregate, for the develop-
ment of suburban Nashville.
They are largely interested in the EDGEFIELD
LAND COMPANY’s ADDITION, which is much
Sought after here, and they have been selling
residence sites in the east end of the city rap-
idly of late.
This is the fashionable residence quarter.
Electric street lines run to and through it. It
has city water and lights, and all the conven-
iences afforded by location in the heart of the
town.
Mr. Long, of this firm, is president of the
Edgefield Land Co., and vice-president of the
Union National Building and Loan Association,
and is a director of the Isbell Land Co., of
Franklin county, Alabama, and of other con-
cerns besides. Mr. Ashworth is the secretary
of the Union National Building and Loan Asso-
ciation of Nashville, and is interested largely
in other local ventures. They refer parties
living outside of the city to the following as to
their standing and qualifications for the busi-
ness: The American National Bank, the Com-
mercial National Bank, and Dun’s Agency.
GEO. W. BLAIR & Co., successors to Blair,
Parkes & Co., real estate agents, of 425 Union
street, are members of the Nashville Real
Estate Exchange, and have been established
since 1887. They have been doing a very con-
siderable business in their specialty, the nego-
tiation of loans. They always have available
gilt-edged bargains in choice vacant and im-
proved city property and acreage, and also
have one of the best lists of Tennessee farms of
any firm in the city; and their clientele of
non-residents, for whom they collect rents and
manage property, is large and rapidly growing.
Mr. Blair established the business of this
agency. He is a director of the Equitable
Building and Loan Association, of this city, and
has other local investments, and is also a prop-
erty owner here, and a farmer and stockraiser
of Murfreesboro, Tenn.
Joſſ N TRIMBLE & Co., real estate and insur-
ance agents, of 305 North Cherry street, have
been established since 1883.
As insurance agents they represent the fol-
lowing companies: The Williamsburg City, of
New York; the Milwaukee Mechanics, of Mil-
waukee, Wis.; The Northwestern National, of
Milwaukee, and the Penn Mutual, of Philadel-
phia, a life company.
As real estate agents, they handle chiefly
city and suburban property, and have listed
with them eligible sites for business, manufac-
turing and residence purposes.
Mr. E. L. Gregory, the “Co.” of the firm, is
an attorney also. He practices in all the courts
of the State. He has been following this pro-
fession here since 1878. Mr. Trimble, who has
been for some sixteen years in the real estate
and insurance business, about all his business
career in fact, takes charge of those branches
of the business.
STILES, HARRISON & GARRETT, real estate,
loan and rental agents, of 223 North Cherry
street, have listed with them something like
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 63
$1,000,000 worth of city property, besides a
large amount in farms in this and adjoining
counties, as well as in other States. They
make a specialty of acreage and suburban
tracts in area to suit purchasers, and they have
it suitable for both manufacturing and resi-
dence purposes. Of farm lands they have
desirable places, improved and unimproved, in
prices ranging from $20 to $200 an acre, the
latter close to the city of Nashville.
All three of the members of this firm had
been engaged in business here before they em-
barked in real estate. Mr. Harrison was a
traveling man in the agricultural implement
trade, Mr. Garrett a book-keeper for an im-
plement house here, for a number of years,
and Mr. Stiles in the drug business. They are
largely interested, also, in land and building
associations here.
MATT.IIEws & Co., real estate and rental
agents, of 218 Union street (B. E. and E. D.
Matthews), are a well known firm of that line.
They were identified with the real estate busi-
mess in other relations before they went into
partnership; B. E. was formerly of the firm of
Matthews & Baxter, and E. D. was of the old
partnership of Williams, Pace & Baxter.
They do a general real estate, rental collec-
tion and loan business. They have on hand
always houses and lots of all kinds and prices
for both sale and rent. They give particular
attention to the interests of non-residents which
may be entrusted them and make a specialty
of the subdivision of tracts of suburban land
for sale. Many of the most notable sales
lately, of this kind, have been made by this
CO]] Cel’ll.
They are agents for the following subdivi-
sions and additions: The EDGEFIELD LAND Co.,
a corporation having 400 acres of the finest
lands adjacent to Nashville, as a whole suitable
for all purposes, either residence, business,
manufacturing or investment; PILCIIER’s AD-
DITION, lying near the new Nashville, Chatta-
nooga & St. Louis Railroad shops in West
Nashville; Boy D & CockRILL's Spring Tract,
in West Nashville; WAVERLEY PLACE, in South
Nashville; MERIDIAN HILL PLACE, in South
Nashville also ; RAINs’ ADDITION and several
others.
DUNCAN & WADDEY, real estate agents of 216
Union street, do a very large general real
estate business, especially in suburban proper-
ties. They handle central city property largely
also, and considerable country lands. Their
Specialty is, however, acreage and subdivisions.
They have a lengthy rental list and can give
satisfactory references to non-residents.
They have been established now about a
year. Mr. Duncan, of the firm, had been in the
real estate business for a long time before they
went into partnership. Mr. Waddey was
formerly in the wholesale shoe business here.
Mr. Duncan is a Notary Public. Both are well
known and thoroughly responsible men.
RoDEs & Cow AN, real estate agents of 28
Cole Building, are successors to Robert Rodes,
one of the firm, who has now been nearly nine
years established in that line here, and has
reached a position of prominence in the busi-
ness he follows.
A large amount of rental property has been
entrusted this firm to manage, and there has
been placed in their hands for sale or trade, a
very great deal of centrally located as well as
suburban property here. They have acreage
also listed with them and money to loan on
good mortgage security.
Mr. Rodes is president of the GooDLETT DRUG
Co. of Nashville, and is a director of the
National Building and Loan Association of
this city also. He has been a resident here for
over twenty years.
Mr. R. S. Cowan, his partner, was formerly
in the wholesale notions business with the firm
of Cowan & Co., but for the past seven years
has been connected with the Commercial
National Bank. He resigned his position as
assistant cashier of that institution on April
1st, 1891, to engage in real estate, and negoti-
ating loans, with Mr. Rodes, and with his
financial experience of fifteen years, this firm
is well prepared to attend to any business in
that line entrusted to their care.
W. H. STITES & Co., real estate and loan
agents, of the Vanderbilt Building, make a
Specialty of mineral and timber lands in the
South. They control the sale of some four or
five million acres of land in Virginia, Ken-
tucky, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina and
Florida, which is in tracts ranging from 500 to
50,000 acres in a body, and is for sale at from
$1.25 to $75 an acre, according to character
and situation. The cheapest of these lands are
in Florida, the pine lands of that State; the
highest priced, the phosphates, in the Caro-
linas.
They make a specialty of water powers,
mills, foundries and other manufacturing
properties. They have a list of Southern farms,
and Southern town sites, which is longer than
that of any other agency here. The mineral

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. - 65
lands they handle are rich in coal, iron,
marble, mica, etc. The timber lands are oak,
poplar, pine, cypress, walnut, cherry, hickory
and ash, for the most part.
The “Co.” of this firm is nominal merely.
Mr. Stites has been in the line he follows now
for the last four years here. He was a
merchant here for eight or ten years before
that and is well known hereabouts.
J. B. HAYNIE & Co., real estate agents, of 220
Union street (J. B. Haynie, the “Co.” of the
firm name being nominal merely), is a leading
agency of Nashville. Mr. Haynie's operations
hereabouts are confined chiefly to East and
West Nashville property, but he handles also
farming property largely, in Kentucky and
Tennessee, Orange groves in Florida and tim-
ber lands throughout the South. He has some
very excellent farms in this, the county of
Davidson, in tracts ranging from forty acres
up, and held at prices according to the location
and improvements thereof. He does a general
loan and rental business, and he trades on
commission solely. He is a director of the
Equitable Building and Loan Association, and
has some other interests aside from his real
estate concerns also. *
ALLEN & MASON, real estate rental and loan
agents, of 41.1% Union street, the Woodard
Building, do an excellent business. Invest-
ments for non-residents are their specialty and
they refer parties desiring references to the
First National Bank of this city. Both have
been business men here for years, chiefly en-
gaged, until they began in their present line,
in the wholesale dry goods trade. They are
handling just now choice residence and in-
Westment property in all parts of the city.
They also have listed with them tracts suitable
for sub-division in desirable localities. They
have also a long list of very desirable farms
in all parts of the State as well as extensive
and valuable timber and mineral tracts, which
can be bought in quantity, and at prices to suit
purchasers.
KLINE BROS., real estate agents, of 214 Union
Street, have been residents here since 1877.
They were formerly in the publishing business
here, and are still interested in it at Atlanta,
Ga. There are two of them, M. M. and W. L.,
both well known here from their connection as
Stockholders, with Nashville enterprises.
They are making a specialty just now of the
Sale of property in WAVERLEY PLACE and its
immediate vicinity, and have great faith in the
prospect for this most beautiful suburb. They
have just opened up, also, and are now ready
to put on the market MonTRosB, PLACE and
BLOOMSTEIN's ADDITION, adjoining Waverley
place and on the Overland Dummy Line.
O’NEAL & PAGE, real estate agents, of 213
Union street, have for sale choice central busi-
neSS and residence property; also suburban
lots, residences and acre tracts.
They are also agents for the sale of farming
and timber lands in different portions of the
State.
Mr. O’Neal has been in business in the city
for years and has kept himself posted with
respect to city property, while Mr. Page, who
is a native of Davidson county, has, in addi-
tion to his knowledge of Nashville property, an
extensive acquaintance outside the city, and
is familiar with the characteristics of price,
quality, etc., of much of the best farming land
in the State.
Both are natives of the State and fully iden-
tified in interest with Nashville, and are at all
times glad to correspond with persons who
would like to know more of Nashville or of
Tennessee. -
MINTON & Co., real estate and rental agents
of 215 North Cherry street, have been engaged
in that line in partnership only a little over
a year, but the agency in which they are
jointly interested had been established a year
previously by Mr. Minton.
They are both well known and responsible
men. Mr. Minton is a native of Tennessee
and has been a resident of Nashville for
twenty-five years. He has been engaged in
business here—formerly in the stove and tin-,
ware trade—for twenty-two years. Mr. Mc-
Fadden the “Co.” of the firm is a native of
the State also. He has lived in Nashville eight
years. He was formerly bookkeeper for the
Banner, the principal evening daily here.
They have listed with them numerous and
varied properties located in both city and coun-
try, as choice a lot, in fact, as can be shown by
any agency here. Their specialty is the rental
and collection business, and they have stores,
dwellings and leasehold property of all kinds
entrusted them. They are notaries public also.
J. H. BARTLETT, real estate and rental agent
of 307 North Cherry street, has been engaged
in that line here about five or six years. He
was until lately in partnership in this business
with Mr. W. T. Woolard, but the latter with-
drew in July, 1891, and since then Mr. Bart-
lett has been doing business on his own
account.
66 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
He has listed with him at all times a very
great variety of city and country properties.
He has, perhaps, more farms listed with him
for sale or exchange than any other real estate
agent of Nashville, among them. Some farms as
fine as the State affords.
He also does a general rental business.
He is a native of the State and has been a
resident of Nashville for ten years or more.
He is pretty well known all over Tennessee, as
one of the most capable and successful men in
his business; and those unacquainted with
him can entrust their affairs to his manage-
ment with full assurance that they will receive
thorough, prompt and intelligent direction.
WILLIAMs, KIRKPATRICK & Co., general real
estate brokers of the Maxwell House, carry On
the business in all its branches with a full
corps of experienced employes. They conduct
auction sales and make a specialty of acre
property. Their sales last year were nearly
$250,000 in the aggregate. They refer to any of
the Nashville banks, to Dun’s or Bradstreet's.
Mr. Williams, senior member of the firm,
established this agency about four years since.
Mr. Kirkpatrick acquired his interest July 1,
1891; but the firm as at present constituted is
successor to Williams, Pace & Baxter. Both
the partners received a thorough business
training in the wholesale trade of Nashville.
OGLESBY, WILHITE & PEAY, real estate and
rental agents, of 310% Union street, although
not so long established as some, rank among
the best known, most energetic and most re-
sponsible firms in the business here.
Mr. Oglesby has been in the real estate line
here about three years. He is a native of Ala-
bama, but has been a resident of Nashville for
about ten years. He was formerly in the gro-
cery trade here, and was a traveling man for
wholesale houses.
Mr. Wilhite has been in the real estate bus-
iness just about the same length of time as Mr.
Oglesby. He is a native of Knoxville, Tenn.,
and has lived here about five years. For two
or three years before he went into the real
estate business he was general manager of the
Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co. for
Nashville and the adjacent territory.
Mr. Peay is a native of Nashville, and has
been engaged in the real estate business pretty
much all his life. He was in it before this
firm organized, as a speculator, for about eight
years.
As a firm, they have been established since
the first of 1891. Since that time they have
consummated some very important negotia-
tions. ' They do a general rental collection and
trading business, handle both city and country
property, and pay special attention to the
interests of non-residents.
LAWYERS, ABSTRACTORS, ETC.
As BOTH capital and county seat, Nashville is
a center of legal tribunals, and a place to
which the best legal ability of the State is
attracted. Its real estate business sustains also
abstract companies, building and loan associa-
tions, and other concomitants of traffic in
houses, lands, securities, etc. Following are
Sketches of some of these:
The STATE BUILDING AND SAVINGs Assocſ.A-
TION, of 209 Union street, Nashville, was or-
ganized in the latter part of 1890, but already
has 6,500 of its shares, the par value of which
is $200, placed in Nashville and other parts of
the State, for it is neither a national organiza-
tion, with interests spread out all over the
country to weaken it, nor a local organization
confined to competition in a limited field, but
what its name implies, a State organization,
doing business only in Tennessee.
Its plan is much the same as those of other
similar organizations, but it offers greater se-
curity in that foremost of all fiduciary consid-
erations, namely, the personnel of its manage-
ment. Its officers are solid business men of
this city. Wm. Porter, its president, is a
retired merchant and capitalist, late of Fite,
Porter & Co., wholesale dry goods. He is
Vice-president of the Mechanics’ Bank, and a
director of the American National. J. R.
Frizzell, vice-president, is of the Brandon
Printing Company, the principal house of
Nashville in that line. Chas. Sykes, treasurer,
is cashier of the Mechanics’ Savings Bank and
Trust Co. H. F. Manning, secretary, has long
been engaged in the jobbing trade of the city—
for the past twenty years, in fact, as the travel-
ing representative of Berry, Demoville & Co.,
wholesale druggists. A. E. POTEET, manager,
was formerly with the Equitable Building,
Loan and Investment Co., of Sedalia, Mo., one
of the most successful Organizations of the kind
in the West, and was the organizer of this
institution.
The directors are Messrs. Porter, Manning,
Frizzell, Sykes and Poteet, Dr. J. P. Gray, a
leading dentist of the city, and L. T. Baxter,
capitalist and president of the Mechanics' Sav-
ings Bank and Trust Co.
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE 67
Its attorneys are Judge John Frizzell and J.
H. Zarecor; its executive committee, L. T.
Baxter, J. R. Frizzell and Dr. Gray.
The NASH VILLE ABSTRACT CoMPANY., room
No. 1, 305 Union street, corner of College, over
Marr's Bank, was incorporated January 12th,
1885, with a capital stock of $30,000. Its Officers
are Thomas W. Wrenne, president; A. D.
Marks, vice-president; R. A. WILSON, general
manager and Secretary, and Miss Ollie Clark,
treasurer. The Directors are Thomas W.
Wrenne, William Litterer, A. D. Marks, M.
M. Gardner, Herman Justi, M. J. C. Wrenne,
M. T. Bryan, J. H. Bruce and Lewis T. Baxter.
Thomas W. Wrenne, the president, is a
lawyer by profession and for a number of years
was clerk and master of the Chancery Court at
Nashville, is a director in the First National
Bank, Tennessee Fair Association and Cum-
berland Park Association, and is president of
the United Electric Railway of Nashville. Mr.
Wrenne's thorough familiarity with the public
records and real estate of Davidson county
especially fits him to act as the head of this
important enterprise.
Mr. Albert D. Marks, the vice-president, is a
son and partner of Ex-Governor A. S. Marks,
and a lawyer of ability. Mr. R. A. Wilson,
the secretary and manager, is a man thoroughly
trained in abstract work, and as such has no
superior here. He has an able corps of assist-
ants. Miss Ollie Clark, the treasurer, is an
accomplished accountant, popular and thor-
oughly familiar with the business of the Com-
pany.
As for the directors: Hon. William Litterer
is Mayor of Nashville, president of the Model
Mill Company, and largely interested in other
properties in Nashville. M. M. Gardner is a
well known banker and capitalist. He is a
director in the Fourth National Bank, Ten-
nessee Manufacturing Company, the United
Electric Railway, Maxwell House Hotel Com-
pany and other important concerns of the city.
Herman Justi, is a prominent business man
and financier, president of the Nashville Art
Association and General Manager of the Nash-
ville Trust Company. M. J. C. Wrenne is
general superintendent of the Nashville, Chat-
tanooga & St. Louis Railway, and is also
prominent in the business affairs of the city.
Hon. M. T. Bryan is an eminent lawyer of the
firm of Bryan & Cartwright. He is now presi-
dent of the Commercial Club of Nashville and
of the Cumberland River Improvement Com-
mission. J. H. Bruce is of the well known
publishing and printing house of Marshall &
Bruce. He is a director in the United Electric
Railway, of several banking and insurance
companies and of other enterprises. Hon.
Lewis T. Baxter is one of the most successful
and prominent men in the State. He is presi-
dent of the Mechanics' Savings Bank and Trust
Company and a director in many other enter-
prises.
The management of the Company is eminent-
ly prompt, thorough and reliable, and in keep-
ing with the business character of the officers
and directors. It furnishes abstracts of titles to
property in Nashville, Davidson and other
counties of the State, information concerning
deeds, mortgages, wills, liens, taxes, judgment
decrees of court, settlements of claims against
estates and of executors, administrators, guard-
ians and trustees; any kind of information in-
deed, from public records and court proceed-
ings can be had promptly by application at its
Office.
The CoMMERCIAL ABSTRACT COMPANY., of 217
Union street, was organized in 1885. It has
complete records of all the changes of title to
real estate in Nashville and Davidson county,
and is prepared to guarantee accuracy and
satisfaction in the preparation of deeds and
mortgages and the searching of records.
Its officers and directors are leading business
men of the city, whose names give a character
of responsibility to any enterprise with which
they may be connected. T. P. WEAKLEY is its
president and B. F. BINKLEY the general man-
ager. The directors are Messrs. Weakley,
Binkley, Thomas Callender, Jas. S. Pilcher,
J. H. Yarbrough, Anson Nelson, Robert L.
Morris, R. W. Turner and B. J. Farrar.
President Weakley is of Weakley & Shields,
real estate agents in the Vanderbilt Block; Mr.
Callender is also a real estate man; Mr. Pilcher
is an attorney of this city; Mr. Yarbrough is of
Yarbrough, Maddux & Davis, real estate; Mr.
Nelson is at present secretary of the Real Estate
Exchange, and is a director of the First
National Bank; Mr. Morris is a lawyer; Mr.
Turner is a real estate man, a director of the
American National Bank, and of the Electric
Street Railway; and Mr. Farrar is of Arring-
ton, Farrar & Co., real estate agents.
Manager Binkley is also interested in several
building and loan associations of the city. He
was register of deeds for this county from 1870
to 1878, and from 1878 to 1885 was in the ab-
stract business on his own account. During part
of the same period, viz., the years 1884 and
68 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
1885, he served as city tax assessor. He is
therefore eminently qualified for the position
of general manager of this company’s affairs;
which same can be said, also, of Mr. James
Woods, Jr., the book-keeper of the company,
who, for several years previous to his connec-
tion with this concern, supervised the man-
agement of one of the largest iron companies
Of the State. -
MERRITT & ACKLEN, attorneys at law and
solicitors in chancery, of 310 and 312 North
College street, are attorneys for many of the
larger business houses and property Owners of
Nashville, and among others for the following
corporations: The Nashville & West Nash-
ville Railroad, the American Trust Investment
Co., the West End Land Co., the Edgefield
Land Co., the Brandon Printing Co., and the
Charlotte Park Co.
These will be recognized, by those familiar
with Nashville, as enterprises of the first order
of importance.
Their practice takes them not merely into
the courts of this State and Federal District,
but into the Supreme and other courts at the
National capital, for which higher practice
they are both well fitted by natural abilities,
attainments, experience and connections.
Mr. Merritt is a native of the city, a graduate
of Lebanon, Tenn., law college, an ex-member
of the Legislature, an ex-chancellor of the
Chancery Court at Nashville and a practitioner
of twenty years’ standing.
Mr. Acklen is a scion of the very best
Southern stock, has twice been a member of
Congress, and is a man of wealth, able to give
full consideration to the affairs entrusted him
as a counsellor. -
His father was Col. Jos. A. S. Acklen, United
States attorney, under Presidents Van Buren,
Tyler and Polk, and was a colonel in the Mex-
ican war. Mr. Joseph H. Acklen was edu-
cated abroad, and upon his return, graduated
at Lebanon, Tenn. In 1874 he went to Louis-
iana to look after his property interests there,
and in 1876, just turning his twenty-fifth year,
he was nominated and elected to Congress.
He served a second term, declined a renomina-
tion for a third and was defeated in 1882, when
he ran again, by the interposition of an inde-
pendent candidate. He is, says a sketch of
him, “an earnest student and untiring worker
in his profession.”
DICKINson & FRAZER, attorneys, of the Mc-
Gavock Block, Nashville, have long been fore-
most among the leading law firms of the city
and State. They have been in partnership
almost since they first began to practice, and
their success in law has been won by their
joint efforts. Mr. Dickinson attended Colum-
bia law school, New York, in the early
’70’s, and Mr. Frazer Cumberland University,
Lebanon, Tenn. Both are graduates also of
the literary department of the University of
Nashville, and entitled to the distinction of the
degree of M. A.
Mr. Dickinson has several times served as a
special supreme justice, once lately in that ca-
pacity. He has been president of the Bar
Association of Tennessee, and vice-president
of the American Bar Association, an honor in-
dicating the esteem in which he is held among
his brethren of the law. He is a director of
the Fourth National Bank of Nashville, Vice-
president of the Nashville Fire and Marine
Insurance Company, and a director of the
Bon Air Coal, Land and Lumber Co., and is
also chairman of the executive committee of
the Reform Association of Nashville.
Mr. Frazer is a director of the Nashville &
Decatur Railway Co., and has been a member
of the Tennessee legislature. They are attor-
neys, among other concerns of weight, for the
Fourth National Bank, the Nashville Fire and
Marine Insurance Co., the Tennessee Manu-
facturing Co., the Bon Air Coal, Land and Lum-
ber Co. and Bon Air Coal and Coke Co., and
the Nashville Spoke and Handle Co.
D. F. WILKIN & CHAMBERLIN, attorneys and
counsellors of 13 and 14 Vanderbilt Law
Building, have been in continuous practice
together since 1865, or twenty-six years. They
are said to be the oldest law firm, that is to say,
longest in practice, in the State. They have
been entrusted with many important interests
in the conduct of their cases, and have been
more than ordinarily successful; and they
prepare the laws of Tennessee for publication
in “Hubbell’s Legal Directory.”
Mr. Wilkin has been practicing here since
1847. He studied law in Michigan before he
came here. He has always been averse to the
notoriety of politics, and has pursued his pro-
fession steadily and uninterruptedly during the
whole term of his residence here.
Mr. Chamberlin is a graduate of Harvard
law school and of the literary department of
Bucknell University, Pennsylvania. He grad-
uated in law in 1859 and has been practicing
here since 1863.
HAMILTON PARKs, attorney, of 23 Vanderbilt
Building, is a graduate of Bethel College,
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
69
West Tennessee, and also of Cumberland
TJniversity at Lebanon. Having finished his
course at the latter he took a post graduate
course, and then passed the law department of
the university. Then he spent considerable
time traveling in Europe.
He has been a prominent member of the
Tennessee bar for fifteen years. In 1886 he
was elected the representative of Dyer, Obion
and Lake counties in the Tennessee Legisla-
ture and having served his term in that body,
he took up a residence here. He has since
followed his profession at Nashville.
He is an elder in the First Cumberland
Presbyterian Church here, and is secretary of
the Board of Publication of that denomina-
tion. He is also a member of the Nashville
Commandery of the Knights Templar.
GooDLETT & Son, attorneys of 16 Cole Build-
ing, are prominent members of the Nashville
bar. Judge M. C. Goodlett, senior member of
the firm, has been a leading lawyer of this and
other parts of the country for fifty-one years.
He is the oldest member, in fact, of the Nash-
ville bar. He graduated from the old Nashville
TJniversity in 1844, and after practicing here
some years removed to Missouri, in 1850. He
speedily attained distinction there both as a
lawyer and public man. He was State senator
there when the war came on and while acting
as such introduced the ordinance of Secession
in that body.
He is justly proud of the fact that he intro-
duced, and by his management effected, pas-
sage of the bill to appropriate $2,500 for the
bronze monument to Missouri’s great senator,
Thos. H. Benton, in Lafayette Park, St. Louis,
which amount was increased by the subscrip-
tions of the citizens of St. Louis to the sum
necessary, some $10,000.
He returned to Nashville in 1865, and since
has given his undivided attention to the affairs
entrusted him by his clients.
Mr. C. H. Goodlett is a justice of the peace
and public administrator for Davidson county.
He was born in Missouri, but was brought here
in his youth by his father. He attended law
school in Kentucky, and was admitted to the
bar in 1878.
JAMEs S. PILCHER, attorney at law, 46 Van-
derbilt Building, is a gentleman of high social
and professional standing, and has an estab--
lished reputation as a lawyer of distinguished
ability and as a successful practitioner.
He graduated with first honors from the law
School of Cumberland University at Lebanon,
Tennessee, in 1869, and for five years practised
law in Mississippi, where he was reared. Since
1876 he has practiced his profession in Nash-
ville.
He is a man of sound judgment, is watch-
ful and aggressive, and has great energy and
industry.
He is attorney for several large local corpo-
rations and is a director in others.
He has conducted important causes in the
State and Federal Courts with marked credit,
and has been special chancellor of the
Chancery Court at Nashville. He makes
specialties of the chancery practice, corpora-
tion and commercial law.
FRIZZELL & ZARECOR, lawyers, of 10 and 11
Vanderbilt Building, are attorneys for a num-
ber of the Nashville Building and Loan Asso-
ciations and for many of the larger business
concerns of the city. They have established a
reputation as successful men in their business
and their clientele grows daily.
Mr. Frizzell is the senior member of this firm.
He has been practicing law for thirty-seven
years, for fourteen at Winchester, Tenn., and
for twenty-three here. Mr. Zarecor is a
graduate of the Lebanon, Tenn., law school.
He has been practicing nine years here and is
notable among the younger members of the
bar here for his ability and attainments.
TILLMAN & TILLMAN, lawyers, of the Cole
Building, are leading and representative attor-
neys. They are counsel for many of the prin-
cipal business and financial corporations and
institutions of the city, and have won for their
clients, in the last five years particularly, many
important cases.
Mr. G. N. Tillman, senior member of the
firm, is a literary graduate of Bethany College,
Va., and was admitted to the bar after gradua-
tion at the National Law School, Washington,
Tenn., in 1871. He has therefore been prac-
ticing twenty years. He was assistant United
States attorney here from 1877 to 1881, and
from 1883 to 1886 was United States Marshal.
He has been a member of the State Legislature,
and is at present Vice-president and a director
‘Of the Merchants’ Bank of Nashville.
Mr. A. M. Tillman is a graduate of Columbia
Law School, Washington, D. C., and also of
Winchester Normal School, Winchester, Tenn.,
and has been in active practice for five or six
years.
John P. HELMs, attorney at law, of 16 Van-
derbilt Building, is a native of Montgomery
county, Ky., and is now in his forty-seventh
70 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
year. He attended, in his youth, the literary
institute at Mt. Sterling, in his native State,
and graduated from it in his fifteenth year.
He was also a student of the law class of that
institution.
Soon after leaving college he went into mer-
cantile business at Mt. Sterling, and remained
in that pursuit until 1865. In that year he
removed to Clarksville, Tenn., and for four
years carried on successfully the largest dry
goods house of the place. .
In February, 1869, he removed to Nashville,
and embarked in the practice of law in Com-
pany with the Hon. J. O. Shackelford, who
had occupied a seat upon the Supreme Bench
of the State. The law partnership of Shackel-
ford & Helms continued until, in 1874, Judge
Shackelford moved to Colorado, where subse-
quently he died. -.
Soon after this dissolution Mr. Helms formed
a partnership with Mr. G. W. Hicks, and con-
tinued in this relation until 1877. Since then
he has pursued his vocation alone.
As an attorney, Mr. Helms has been very
successful. He is distinguished as a practi-
tioner in the Chancery and Supreme Courts.
He has never sought office, and has consist-
ently declined it whenever tendered him.
PITTs & MEEKs, attorneys, of 9 and 11 Cole
Building, have many important cases entrusted
them by corporate and other business concerns
here which they number among their clientele.
They have been very successful in their prac-
tice and are themselves largely interested in
real estate and other affairs here.
Mr. Pitts is a graduate of Cumberland Law
School of Lebanon, Tenn., and has been
engaged in the pursuit of law for twenty years.
He is president of the People's Bank of Clif-
ton, Tenn., and also of the Wayne County
Land Co. of that place. He is a large Owner
also of realty in the city and State. His resi-
dence here, is shown in an engraving on
another page of this work.
Mr. Meeks is also a graduate of the Lebanon
Law School. His practice extends over a
period of thirteen years and includes a term of
eight years’ service as attorney-general of the
Eleventh Judicial Circuit of the State, embrac-
ing eight counties in West Tennessee. He has
also, as has been said, landed and financial
investments in Nashville and Tennessee.
JoBN ALLISON, lawyer, of the Vanderbilt
Building, ranks among the most prominent
attorneys of the State. He has held many
posts of honor in Tennessee, among them that
of Secretary of State for four years, two years
during Governor Bute's administration and
two years during that of Governor Taylor.
He is a graduate of King’s College, Bristol,
Tenn., and was for many years an attorney of
Jonesboro, Tenn., and the representative there
of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia
Railway for three counties. He practices in
all the courts, State and Federal.
WHITMAN & GAMBLE, attorneys, of rooms 26
and 27 Vanderbilt Building, are one of the
best established firms in the city. They enjoy
a large and lucrative practice, extending
through all the courts, State and Federal.
They stand deservedly high as gentlemen and
business men, and possess the fullest confi-
dence of a large clientele as well as the gen-
eral public.
A. F. Whitman, of this law firm, was born
and reared in Alabama. He received a liberal
education there and after graduating from the
law school of Cumberland University in 1871,
he settled in Nashville in 1872. Here he has
Since been in the active practice of his profes-
sion. About twelve months after he came to
Nashville he was elected to the Office of Public
Administrator for Davidson county, which
Office he held for several years, winning
golden opinions for the faithful discharge of
his trust.
Tip Gamble, of this partnership, is a Geor-
gian. He served in the Confederate Army
from that State with distinction, though then
in years but a youth. He was admitted to the
bar there in 1867, and in that year also located
in Winona, Miss., to practice law. He took a
front rank in his profession at once. In 1873,
’74–75 he held the office of superintendent of
public Schools for Montgomery county. He
removed to Nashville in 1878, and has devoted
himself since that time to his profession. In
1887 he was elected to the Tennessee Legisla-
ture and distinguished himself as a member of
the Judiciary and Ways and Means Committee.
He is also a large cotton planter. He owns
One of the largest and most fertile plantations
in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta.
J. M. LIDDELL, attorney at law, Vanderbilt
Building, comes from one of the most promi-
nent families of Mississippi. He is a graduate
of Roanoke College, Virginia, and has followed
his profession here and in Mississippi since
1880. He practises in all the courts of the
State. He was a member of the legislature of
Mississippi before he came here, and was a
delegate to the last National Democratic Con-
THE CITY OF NASH WILLE. 71
vention, that of 1888, held in St. Louis. He
has been a member of the Mississippi State
and Congressional Committee of his party for
the last fifteen years. He is, in fact, notable
both as a practitioner and public man.
In 1882, in the interest of the levees of the
Yazoo delta, in Mississippi, Mr. Liddell was
prevailed upon to take charge of the Yazoo
Flag, then published at Greenwood, in that
State. Under his editorial management the
paper soon became one of the ablest and
most influential in the State and did a great
deal toward bringing about the splendid levee
system that now protects that rich and pros-
perous section.
ANDERSON & LELLYETT (J. M. Anderson and
J. T. Lellyett), attorneys, of the McGavock
Block, formed a partnership in 1891. Their
practice is general and they are the legal advis-
ers and representatives of corporate and other
important interests.
Mr. Anderson graduated from Vanderbilt
law school of this city with the class of 1882.
He began practice at once, was successful and
has rapidly risen in his profession. He has
been attorney of late for a number of corpora-
tions, notably the West Nashville and Over-
land Dummy Companies, the City Savings
Bank, the Edgefield Street Railway and South
Nashville Street Railway. He was elected
city attorney in 1889 and still holds that posi-
tion. His name has been frequently mentioned
for local political offices, but he has invariably
declined to neglect his practice to enter into
contests of the polls.
Mr. Lellyett is a graduate of the 1882 law
class. He began active practice about 1884.
He was first associated with East & Fogg and
left them to form a partnership with Frank
Slemms in 1889. This connection was main-
tained for a year and then the partnership, in
which he is at present, was formed.
Doug LAS ANDERSON, attorney, of the Mc-
Gavock Block, 224% North Cherry street, was
formerly a journalist here. He is a graduate
of Cumberland University at Lebanon, Tenn.,
and is a brother of the present city attorney of
Nashville, J. M. Anderson. He devotes him-
Self entirely to civil law.
ALBERT N. GRISHAM, attorney at law, has his
office in the Vanderbilt Law Building, room
29. He is a native of Louisiana, but has been
a resident of Nashville for the past twenty
years. He graduated from the high school of
Nashville in 1877 and then became connected
With the Nashville Banner in the editorial de-
partment. He subsequently went to the Van-
derbilt University law school and was there
under the instruction of Ed. Baxter, Thos.
Malone and W. B. Reese. He graduated from
this school with honors in 1880, taking the
degree of Bachelor of Law.
He immediately entered upon the practice
of his profession and has been engaged there-
in at Nashville ever since, making a specialty
of the Chancery Court, commercial and corpo-
ration law practice, in which he has been very
successful. As a practitioner he has displayed
both industry and ability and he now repre-
sents as their general attorney, many large
corporations and business concerns.
In 1881 Mr. Grisham was elected councilman
of the city of Nashville. He served a term of
two years. Since then he was nominated for
the legislature of Tennessee, but declined. He
has also been offered other political offices, but
has also declined them, preferring to practice
his profession exclusively instead.
Mr. Grisham is well known in Nashville and
vicinity and is a gentleman of the highest in-
tegrity and honor. In 1891 he married Miss
Carrie D. Gartner of Chillicothe, Ohio.
GRANVILLE ALLISON, attorney, of 9 Vander-
bilt Building, is one of the most promising and
already most prominent of the young lawyers
of the State. He has had excellent advantages
and has utilized them fully. He is a graduate
of the law department of Vanderbilt, and has
spent two years in European travel and the
study of law at one of the great German uni-
versities.
He is a son of Judge Andrew Allison, chan-
cellor as it is called here, or judge, of the
Chancery Court.
His practice is almost entirely in the civil
courts and is largely a chancery practice.
W. L. GRANBERY, attorney-at-law, of No. 4,
Noel Block, is one of Nashville’s most distin-
guished chancery and corporation lawyers.
Born in Maury county, Tenn., February, 1863,
he has resided in his native State all his life,
and, although not so old or long established as
some other practitioners of the city, there are
none, it can fairly be said, that exhibit greater
talents for the business.
He attended, and graduated when quite
young, from the literary school of Webb Bros.,
at Culleoka, Tenn., and afterward attended
and graduated from the University of New
Jersey at Princeton. Returning from there he
read law with the well known firm of Colyar,
Marks & Childress, and began practice at the
72 - THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
age of 21 years. He was soon after admitted
to membership in that noted firm, and contin-
ued in such up to the fall of 1885, when he and
Col. Hill formed the partnership of Hill & Gran-
bery, which lasted up to the summer of 1891,
when Mr. Granbery withdrew, and is now
practicing alone.
His practice is chiefly as the representative at
law of concerns and corporations of more than
ordinary importance. He is counsel for banks
and like concerns here. He devotes his atten-
tion exclusively to the practice of civil law,
and this practice takes him into the State and
Federal and Supreme Courts of both the State
and United States.
He owns a beautiful home on West End
avenue, the principal residence thoroughfare
of the city. A cut of it illustrates this work.
J. W. GAINEs, lawyer, of 38 Cole Building, is
30 years old, and is a son of Dr. J. W. Gaines,
an old and distinguished physician living near
Nashville. Mr. Gaines’ fondest hope, as he
neared his majority, was to become a lawyer,
and he began the study of the law in 1879; but
his father was opposed to his course in this mat-
ter (though he himself had studied law and was
offered his license, but subsequently took up
medicine), and so knowing he would please
his father and family by studying medicine,
and thinking and hoping, that once a full
fledged physician, he would learn to love the
practice at least, Mr. Gaines undertook it,
and with his brother, Dr. W. T. Gaines, en-
tered Vanderbilt Medical College in 1879 and
graduated in 1882.
But the day after he graduated he conveyed
by quitclaim to his father, his diploma and
certificates of proficiency, and his Medical
Library, to his brother, who had graduated
with him. For he was still infatuated with
the law, and having procured some law books,
on the same day of his graduation, he at Once
turned enthusiastically to its study, teaching
school at the same time, as he had done
to procure funds to attend the Medical Col-
lege.
He came to the bar in 1883 and is generally
conceded to be one of the leading lawyers of
Nashville. Although just old enough, he was
elected by the lawyers, last term, special
chancellor of the Chancery Court, which posi-
tion he filled with credit to himself and the
bar. His record shows him to be public spir-
ited and charitable; endowed with a quick,
strong and logical mind; studious and well
read; energetic and full of determination. He
prepares his suits well, and argues them in a
pointed, fearless and persuasive manner.
Mr. Gaines has for several years enjoyed a
large practice. Socially he is genial and sym-
pathetic, generous and affectionate. No man
is a more faithful friend than he ; this is one of
his prevailing characteristics. Plain, blunt
and outspoken, occasionally he offends,--some-
times, when he least intends it; but, he is quick
to make amends when in the wrong.
About six years ago he married Miss Louise
Call, a most gifted and beautiful lady, who died
about three years since. Her death was a
severe blow to him. A son, now four and a
half years old, is the result of this union.
Mr. Gaines is a member of McKendree
Church. g
BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS.
THE latest official report available of the
buildings constructed in Nashville in the course
of a year, is that of the building inspector of
the city for the twelve months between Septem-
ber 30, 1890, and the same date of 1891.
During that year new buildings valued at
$1,500,000 were raised, $940,000 of this ex-
pended upon brick structures and $510,000
upon frame.
The building trades have been remarkably
brisk in the last few years at Nashville. Some
very large and very fine buildings have been
put up, among others most of those referred to
in a previous chapter as illustrating the pro-
gressive tendencies of the place. Numerous ele-
gant mansions have been also erected during this
same time, the most notable of which, perhaps,
are those of Judge John M. Lea, which cost
$50,000; of John P. Williams, $60,000; J. B.
O’Bryan, $40,000; J. Horton Fall, $30,000, and
of E. W. Cole, J. P. Drouillard, Max Sax,
and Jacob Ellis; and others, lately built,
Scarcely less palatial in appearance than these.
The costliest private structures of the city
are, perhaps, the Connell - Hall - McLester
Block, which cost $200,000; Baxter Court,
$160,000, and the new Rosenheim Building,
$125,000.
During the last year, September, 1890, to
September, 1891, there has been put up at
Nashville, says Architect H. C. Thompson, from
whom these facts were obtained, four or five
new churches that have cost from $50,000 to
$60,000 each; ten or twelve business blocks
ranging from $30,000 to $160,000; and some 200
dwellings at from $1,500 to $40,000. The facil-
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE, 73
ities afforded for rapid transit by the new elec-
tric car lines, and the building of new factories,
account, in large part, for this activity in the
building trades.
Many small residences have been built by
medium of the Building and Loan Associa-
tions.
The tendency toward finer architecture is
apparent even in the most ordinary of the
structures raised of late.
The most important job under way at present
is the new County Asylum to cost $225,000.
The Commercial Club has issued bonds for a
new $50,000 structure for itself.
The material most in use for building here is
brick, combined usually with stone or terra
cotta. The business blocks are now mostly
constructed of these materials, and the best
residences. Less pretentious homes are built
of wood, because of the saving in expense.
The cost of building here compares favorably
with that expense in other places. All the
materials are at hand except stone for trim-
ming. This, however, is as cheaply laid down
here as in most cities. The usual price of
building brick here is $5 a thousand; of front
brick, $18. Laid in the wall brick costs $8 to
$22; lime is only 90 cents a barrel as compared
with $1.30 in New York; the cost of building
here, indeed, is 20 per cent less than in New
York City. Lumber approximates its price
elsewhere in the South. The pine used comes
mostly from Georgia and Alabama. Nashville
is seventh in rank of the cities of the Union as
a soft wood market and first, as has been said
before, for hardwoods.
The very large number of large concerns
turning out interior finish is evidence that first-
class work of that character can be got here.
There are about twenty architects and sixteen
building contractors steadily engaged here;
there are ten regular brick contractors and five
brick yards; and of shops engaged on mill
Work and foundries on house work, about
fourteen.
The principal architects and builders do bus-
iness in all parts of the Middle South. The
Contractors and builders of the city have an
Organization to which nearly all belong.
Following are some of the principal archi-
tects and builders of Nashville:
ARCHITECTS OF THE CITY.
THOMPson & GIBEL, architects, of 72, 73 and
74 Cole Building, have displayed their profi-
ciency in the profession they follow by design
ing and superintending construction of Some
of the handsomest, most impressive and cost-
liest buildings of the city; among others, the
Duncan Hotel, which cost $125,000; the City
Hospital, $55,000; the Y. M. C. A. Hall,
$50,000; the Burns Block, and many more.
They have also planned numerous fine resi-
dences here, among the rest, those of John P.
Williams, J. B. O’Bryan, Byrd Douglas, W.
Edwards and Ben Herman, dwellings that cost
from $15,000 to $50,000 to build.
They are, in fact, leading architects of the
South.
Mr. Thompson is of English birth, but has
been a resident in this country for the last
forty years, and in Nashville for ten years
past. He is a member of the American Insti-
tute of Architects, and has more than a merely
local reputation.
Mr. Gibel is a graduate of the Polytechnic
School of Zurich, Switzerland, and has been an
architect here for ten years or more.
HoDGE & CARPENTER, architects, of 51 Cole
Building, have been in partnership about a
year. Both had been previously engaged
in the business they follow, however, for
many years, Mr. Hodge for about Seven
years here, and five years before that else-
where; Mr. Carpenter for eight years, three
years of that time here. Mr. Hodge has
planned and superintended construction of the
following fine structures here: Christ's Church,
which cost $100,000; Westminster Presbyte-
rian Church, St. Patrick’s Catholic Church,
the Hospital of the Good Shepherd, the Pro-
testant Orphan Asylum and the residences of
Mrs. James Woolwine, J. L. Weakley and
Hiram Stubblefield. Besides a number of
schools and churches outside the city this firm
has planned and superintended construction
of several fine residences here, among them
those of Norman Kirkman, M. F. Allen and
W. J. Cummins.
Mr. Carpenter was a pupil of the renowned
Boston architect, now deceased, H. H. Rich-
ardson, said to have been the most original
and talented American architect of this era.
He is a graduate also of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
H. J. DUDLEY & SON, architects of room 62,
Cole Building, have a widely extended reputa-
tion.
The senior member of the firm is a native of
Brigland, but came to this country when he
was but a youth. He entered an architect’s
74 THE CITY OF NASHVILLE.
in New York and New Jersey; for the Grand
Union Hotel in New York City; the fine fire-
office at the age of twelve and applied himself
to mastery of the business with the determi-
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MASONIC widows’ AND ORPHANs' HOME, MAPLE WOOD, NEAR NASHVILLE, TENN.
H. C. Thompson, Architect.
nation to reach in it the topmost round of the
ladder. To indicate how nearly he has
achieved this goal of his early ambition, it is
only requisite to make a statement—necessarily
partial only, in so brief an account of him—of
what he has accomplished.
He began in the business in New York City.
In 1866, just after the war, he came to Nash-
ville, and during that period of his life, was
employed to complete the Maxwell House, con-
struction of which had been estopped by the
war. That structure is regarded here to this
day an exceptionally fine one, and a due share
of credit is accorded him for his part of the
work. He still has in his possession the origi-
nal drawings for the exterior of it in a very
fair state of preservation.
In 1870 he returned to New York City, and
soon after was appointed by the then mayor of
the metropolis, J. Smith Ely, superintendent
of city buildings. This position he held for
ten years. He remained in New York City
until 1890, in which year he settled again in
Nashville.
During his residence in New York, he was
frequently engaged on notable work. He was
the architect for all of H. C. Minor’s theaters
; h * *** * *
FFF;
proof apartment
house, corner of
124th Street and
Madison avenue,
New York, and he
planned also other
important work in
the larger Eastern
cities.
Since he has re-
established himself
in Nashville, he has
designed a num-
ber of fine and
costly residences,
and among other
works of building
construction, the
main gateway and
lodge for the West
End Land Co., a
picture of which il-
lustrates this book.
As the caption
to these paragraphs
indicates, Mr. Dud-
ley has associated
with him his son, H. B. Dudley, who, with
the advantage of inherited talents and the
tutelage from infancy of an expert, is one of
the rising young men of the profession.
H. C. THOMPson, architect, of 5 Noel Block,
has planned and superintended construction of
some of the finest and costliest structures of
Nashville, among others, the McKendree
Church which has a spire 247 feet high ; Baxter
Court, the finest office building of the city; the
Masonic Widows’ and Orphans’ Home, on the
Louisville & Nashville road, four and a half
miles out ; the Gardner Building, the Union
Gospel Tabernacle, which seats 6,000, and
others as notable.
The McKendree Church cost $40,000; Baxter
Court, $158,000; the Orphans’ Home, $60,000,
and the Tabernacle, $60,000.
Mr. Thompson was born and raised in Mon-
roe county, Tenn. He is now in his sixty-
second year. He has been a resident here
since 1849, and has been identified with one
branch or another of the building trade since
1854. He began in it at the lowest round of
the ladder, and by industry and talent has
risen to a distinguished place in his profes-
SIOI).



THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
75
From 1854 to 1874 he was a building con-
tractor and in this line acquired the practical
experience of materials, workmanship, etc.,
which many otherwise excellent architects
lack. From 1874 to 1877 he was both builder
and architect, but by 1877 his professional
reputation was established and he has since
been entrusted with as many commissions as
he can readily fill.
JUL. G. ZwicFER, successor to T. L. Dis-
mukes, architect, of 35 and 36 Vanderbilt
Building, Nashville, has executed work that
stamps him as a leading man in his profession
in the South. He had charge for a long time
of the Office work and general business affairs
of his recently deceased predecessor, and
during that time he planned and Superintended
construction of some of the finest edifices here,
chiefly business blocks, public buildings and
costly residences, among them the follow-
1Ing:
The Connell-Hall-McLester Co.'s business
house, a five-story building of Romanesque
style, that cost $75,000; L. Rosenheim & Co.'s
building, also of five stories, which cost $80,-
000; the Brandon -
Printing Comp.’s
place on Market
street, a Renais-
sance type, which
cost $30,000; the
T. D. Craighead
building, a mod-
ern four - story
structure on North
Market street; the
Nashville College
for Young Ladies,
a six-story brick
and terra cotta
structure of Rom-
anesque type, cost
$40,000.
Tulip Street
Church, the finest
example of eccle-
siastical architec-
ture in the city,
is now being com-
pleted by him. He
has also designed
numerous high
class residences -
here. The commissions entrusted him, in fact,
show clearly what his abilities as an architect
are. Page 10 shows one of them.
º, S.", '', P,-
‘....?& I.
*'''
{
Mr. Zwicker is now a member of the firm of
Zwicker & Thompson, 35 and 36 Vanderbilt
Building.
JAMES H. YEAMAN, architect and builder, of
418 and 420 Deaderick street, Nashville, has
been established in business for himself now
going on five years. He employs about thirty
hands in his shop and on outside work, and
makes a specialty of repairing and reconstruc-
tion, and particularly of fancy job work, stair-
ways, counters, shelving and that sort of
thing.
He takes contracts for brick work also ; in
fact, for buildings of any character complete,
and has already executed the following busi-
ness blocks: The B. H. Stief Jewelry Co.'s
place, the Chas. Mitchell building, on Union
street, Marshall & Bruce’s printing and sta-
tionery establishment on College street, and
numerous others as notable.
Of residences, the following were designed
or were built by him for their owners: Andrew
Marshall’s, a $6,000 job, on High street; A. L.
Goldberg’s, on the same thoroughfare, a $7,000
job; Wm. Tolmies, on South Summer street,
RESIDENCE OF J. H. CANNADAY, NASEIVILLE, TENN.
Planned and Erected by Jas. H. Yeaman, Architect and Builder.
an $8,000 job; J. H. Cannaday’s, a suburban
home, that cost $5,600, and is shown in an en-
graving of this page; and, besides these, Judge

76 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
A. G. Merritt's, W. G. Brien’s, W. P. Pike's,
and G. W. Sweeney’s.
He has just completed a $7,000 brick resi-
dence for J. M. Eatherly, on Belmont avenue,
and a $5,000 residence for Dr. W. P. Jones, on
Gowdy street; and he is engaged at present in
the work of constructing a new office building
on North Cherry street, near Church, for
Capt. T. M. Steger. This is to be a three-story
building of modern architecture, having a front
of pressed brick and terra cotta, with stone
trimmings. It will have thirty-six rooms, and
all the latest appointments and conveniences.
The estimate of its cost is $15,000.
Mr. Yeaman will furnish plans and specifica-
tions free to parties with whom he makes
building contracts, and will engage to execute
the best of work as cheap as any first-class
competitor.
HUGHES & RIVEs, proprietors of the NoFTH
NASHVILLE PLANING MILLs, are contractors and
builders also, established in the mill business
since 1886 and as builders for the last twenty-
five years. They manufacture doors, sash and
blinds, and interior finish for the trade, as
well as for themselves, and have as complete
an equipment for this purpose, including dry
kilns and labor saving devices, as there is in
the State.
As contractors for both wood and brick
work, construction complete in fact, they have
built some of the most notable buildings of the
city, among others the following: The Connell-
Hall-McLester Building on Summer street, a
seven story place used as a retail department
house that cost its owners $200,000; the
Brandon Printing Co.'s place, built six stories
high of brick and stone at a cost of $50,000;
Baxter Court, used as a hotel and office build-
ing, nine stories, of brick with stone trimmings,
$158,000; Rosenheim’s new building, fronting
on College, Cherry and Cedar streets, $125,000;
Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing House,
a brick with stone front of modern archi-
tecture, that cost $150,000, and the elegant
residences of Byrd Douglas, J. S. Frazier and
Bradford Nickols, which cost respectively $16,-
000, $20,000 and $18,000.
They employ usually about 60 hands, and
their pay roll is $800 or more, a week. Their
office is at 1100 North College street.
Mr. Hughes of this firm, is a veteran of both
the Mexican and Civil wars. He began busi-
ness as a builder here first in 1858. After four
full years’ service with the Confederacy, he re-
turned here and began life anew.
Mr. Rives also served four years on the same
side in Gen. Breckenridge’s Division of Artil-
, lery, and was compelled likewise to make a
fresh start in 1865. He is a member of the
City Council and a director of the City Savings
|Bank.
This firm has recently completed two very
extensive jobs, namely: the new Johnson
seven story building on Cherry street, which
cost $60,000, and the new Liberty Flour Mills,
a five story structure, and is at present engaged
on the new Dallas Cotton Mills at Huntsville,
Alabama.
THOMAS WATTERSON, contractor and builder,
corner of First street and the Louisville and
Nashville roadway, East Nashville, has a very
large business. He employs some twenty
hands regularly, manufacturing sash and blinds,
etc., and more when his contracts call for
them. He is the builder of numerous fine
residences here, among others, those of Thomas
Ryman, A. V. S. Lindsley and Capt. Steger
three mansions that cost upwards of $55,000.
He has also constructed some of the larger
business blocks here, and his specialty is
remodelling and reconstruction. His most
notable work of this character recently com-
pleted, is that of the building prepared for the
Union Bank and Trust Co., whose quarters
therein are of the most elegant description.
Mr. Watterson has been a resident here
since 1880. He is president of the CONTRACT-
oRs’ AND BUILDERs’ Associ ATION of the city,
and as a member of numerous lodges, clubs
and associations, and a prominent business
man, is both well and widely known.
VAUGHAN & ToDAR, carpenters and builders
of 218 Maxwell House avenue, between Church
and Union, have executed some notable con-
tracts during the four years of their establish-
ment here. They were the builders of Dr.
Edward’s fine building on Spruce street, which
cost $8,000; of N. Cartwright's dwelling on
Belmont avenue, West End, $13,000; of T. H.
Evertt’s, also in the West End, a $12,000 job;
of Mrs. Wheat’s elegant home on Hays street,
$6,000, and of Flem. Wall’s $6,000 residence at
the West End. Fine residences, in fact, are
their specialty, and they are now engaged on
a number of others, situated in different parts
of the city, as costly as those just mentioned.
They do, however, a general contract busi-
ness, and will estimate on jobs of any charac-
ter in city or country. -
Both members of the firm were journeymen
for years before they embarked in business for
THE CITY OF NASHTVILLE. - 77
themselves. They have, therefore, the neces-
sary practical experience to fulfil their con-
tract obligations.
ROBERTSON BROs., contractors, builders and
manufacturers of frames, Sash, doors, blinds,
flooring, ceiling, etc., at 901 and 903 Cedar
street, corner of North McLemore, have been
established in that line here for forty-two
years, and have been located at this one stand
for the past eighteen years. They employ in
their mills and shops forty hands, and have
them equipped with all the latest and best
labor -saving and expediting machines that
have been devised. Their mill is one of the
largest here, as the orders filled by them indi-
cate. It is now sawing 300,000 feet of lumber
for the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis
Railway. Its specialty is orders of this char-
acter. They have also a saw mill in Dixon
county and 1,500 acres of timber land there.
Numerous large buildings of the city have
been constructed under contract by this firm,
among them the Methodist Episcopal Publish-
ing House, a $27,000 job; the Cole office build-
ing, for which the contract price was $30,000;
the Green Block, $9,000; the Noel Block, a
$73,000 job (afterward rebuilt by them at a cost
of $60,000), and the Robinson Block, on Union
street, a $36,000 job; and of residences they
have constructed those of E. W. Cole, two in
number, the one in Nashville at a cost of
$14,000, and his country mansion at $45,000;
two also for Judge J. M. Lea, one in town at
$14,000 and another in the country at $12,000;
that of J. H. Fall, $13,000; of J. H. Reeves,
$6,000; of Robert Ewing, $6,000; of W. W.
Berry, $10,000; of Jos. W. Allen, $5,000, and
J. W. Thomas, $7,000. They were also the
builders of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis shops here.
Mr. Theodore Robertson, of this firm, man-
ages the business of the mill and the mechan-
ical details generally.
Mr. P. M. Robertson is the Office and finan-
cial man of the house. He is a director of the
Safe Deposit and Banking Co. of this city.
SIMMONs, PHILLIPs & HAWTHORN, of 916
Broad street, are also prominent building con-
tractors of Nashville.
WILLIAM MADDox, cut stone contractor and
builder, corner of Ewing avenue and Wetmore
Street, and dealer in and importer of marble
and granite monuments, on Broad street, is
Successor, since 1887, to Dennedy & Maddox,
established in 1880. He is one of the largest
Stone contractors of the South. From twenty
to thirty hands are employed in his yards here,
situated in the southern part of the city on the
line of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis
Railway, which affords him switching facili-
ties. He has steam saws, cranes, etc., for
handling, polishing and dressing stone there,
and he does work for all parts of the South.
Building contracts have been taken and exe-
cuted by Mr. Maddox for some of the finest
structures of this city and its vicinity. He
built the Episcopal Church here, situated on
McLemore, near the Custom House, a $10,000
job; also the following: The Vanderbilt Dental
College, on North Cherry street, the stone
work of which cost $10,000, and which is one of
the most imposing fronts in the city, the Burns
Block, on North Market, and many other
equally costly jobs in the city and vicinity.
W. W. SOUTHGATE & Son, civil engineers and
Surveyors, at 32.1% North College street, are
engaged chiefly in road and railroad engi-
neering and land Surveying and in platting and
mapping suburban tracts here, for real estate
improvements, and town sites in different
parts of the South. They do a very large busi-
ness in that line, indeed more, probably, than
any other firm here. Mr. W. W. Southgate,
the Senior member of the firm, established
himself here in 1860. He was formerly county
Surveyor of Davidson, and is the oldest civil
engineer and surveyor, that is to say continu-
ously engaged in the profession, in Nashville,
either as official surveyor or otherwise. He
has laid out, during the last thirty years, a
large part of the present city of Nashville, and
has lived to see many fields which he staked
out in times past, in blocks and lots covered
with residences, business houses and other
betterments.
He has surveyed and mapped, either alone
or in conjunction with his son, the ‘‘Hermit-
age,” Old Hickory’s far-famed place, now the
property of the State and used for a home for
Confederate soldiers; also, the “Acklen Place,”
now occupied by the Belmont College for young
ladies; also, “Belle Meade,’’ the home and
breeding farm of the late Gen. Harding (now
the Jackson Brothers), the finest place of the
kind certainly in Tennessee, and one of the
finest in the world.
Mr. Southgate, Sr., has a country place of his
own, on the Glendale dummy line.
BRENNAN & BARRETT, of 303 Union street,
Marr's Bank Block, are civil engineers, sur-
veyors and contractors. They are young men
comparatively, but have had a very consider-
78
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
able experience in their profession. As sur-
veyors, they locate lots, sub-divide property,
such as city additions
survey and furnish maps of farming lands,
mineral and timber tracts.
and contractors, they estimate upon railroad
work and earth and stone constructions, and
superintend it when desired.
Both are graduates of Brennan’s Male School,
and have been engaged in their profession for
several years. Their partnership dates from
the beginning of the current year, since which
time they have constructed the Nashville Elec-
tric Railway, side tracks for the Louisville &
Nashville R. R., and seve
are natives of the city, and are well acquainted
with its people and their
ROBERT L. BELL, contracting painter, of 129
followed that line at
South College street, has
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Nashville since 1867. During that time he has
executed some of the largest contracts for fine
work awarded in his line, among other jobs
the painting of the Duncan Hotel, the Vander-
bilt Office Building, the new Nashville, Chat-
tanooga & St. Louis Railroad Shops, and of the
residences of Byrd Douglas and Geo. Kinney,
and others as notable. He has lately finished
also a very fine job in Edgefield (East Nash-
ville), viz., painting the residence of Thos,
Herbard, which was built at a cost of $15,000.
He usually has 15 or 20 hands employed in
his shop and often, when the work requires it,
has as many more outside. His specialtv is
fine interior decorative work and sign writing.
He has been successful in his business and
has other interests here besides it. He is a
director of the City Savings Bank and of the
Mechanics’ Bank and Trust Co.
, town sites, etc., and
As civil engineers
ral county roads. They
business relations.
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ODD FELLOWs’ HALL, NASH VILLE, TENN.

























































































































RAILROAD LINES,
RIVER AND FIELD.
IEN States of the South are, in
great part, tributaries, in the
commercial sense, of Nash-
ville the trade center: Ken-
tucky, Tennessee, the Caro-
linas, Georgia, Florida, Ala-
bama, Mississippi, Louisiana
º and Arkansas.
This trade territory is held for it, in a close
embrace, by the iron arms of its two railroad
systems, the Louisville & Nashville and the
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railways,
themselves 3,500 miles long, and, with their
direct connections, practically affording it the
almost unlimited mileage of the great trans-
portation combinations of the West, South and
Southwest.
Its competitors in this region of the ten
Southern States that have been named, have
all of them reciprocal trade relations with it to
compensate it for their rivalry. The most
powerful of them are St. Louis in the north-
western and western parts of its trade ter-
ritory, and, to an extent indeed, everywhere;
Louisville and Cincinnati to the north of it;
New Orleans on the south, and Memphis again
on the west; and it has minor contestants for
jobbing business in Knoxville and Chat-
tanooga, northeast of it; Atlanta, Southeast;
Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile, South
of it, and Little Rock, west; but these ten
States are, nevertheless, its province and field.
Its two railroads give it access to all these
important inland markets of the South, the
West and the Southwest; and besides, by their
connections, with the ports of Norfolk,
Charleston, Savannah, Brunswick and Mobile,
and in the case of the Louisville & Nashville
directly with New Orleans.
In the sketches that follow, the service they
render as transportation agencies of Nashville,
is briefly but concisely disclosed.
CHATTAN OOGA. & ST.
IRAILWAY.
THE NASHIVILLE, I.O.UIS
THE NASHVILLE, CHATTANoog A & ST. LOUIs
RAILWAY, popularly known as the TENNESSEE
LINE, and sometimes as the “Great Lookout
Mountain Route,” has its headquarters and
principal officers stationed at Nashville. This
line extends from Hickman, Ky., on the Mis-
sissippi river, across West Tennessee, through
Nashville, in Middle Tennessee, to Chatta-
nooga, in Eastern Tennessee, a distance of 320
miles, and has seven branches besides, as fol-
lows:
The Centerville branch, 47 miles long, from
Dickson, 41 miles west of Nashville, to Lewis;
the Lebanon branch, 30 miles long, from Nash-
ville to Lebanon, Tenn.; the Shelbyville
branch, 8 miles long, from Wartrace to Shelby-
ville; the Tracy City branch, 20 miles long,
running from Cowan, an iron center, 87 miles
south of Nashville, to Tracy City; the Fayette-
ville, Huntsville & Columbia branch, from
Decherd, a point 82 miles south of Nashville,
to Huntsville, Ala., 48 miles, and to Columbia,
Tenn., 86 miles; the McMinnville branch, 69
miles long, from Tullahoma, 69 miles south of
Nashville, to Bon-Air; the Jasper branch, 57
miles long, with a spur five miles additional
(Victoria to Inman), from Bridgeport, 123 miles
south of Nashville, to Pikeville. Its total
length, therefore, is 672 miles.
Its terminals are Hickman, Nashville and
Chattanooga. The principal cities on this
route are indicated in the account just given of
these branches. More than twenty health and
summer resorts in Tennessee and Alabama are
on and adjacent to the line, among them his-
toric Lookout Mountain, where the battle was
fought among the clouds.
The principal connections made with other
lines on both south and north bound traffic by
this road are these : At Hickman, with the
river boats of the Mississippi; at Union City,
with the Mobile & Ohio; at Paducah Junction,
with the Newport News & Mississippi Valley
|Railroad; at Martin, Tenn., with the Illinois
Central; at McKenzie, with the Louisville &
Nashville; at Hollow Rock, with the Padu-
cah, Tennessee & Alabama Railroad; at Nash-
ville, with the Louisville & Nashville; at
Columbia, with the Louisville & Nashville De-
catur Division, and with the Nashville, Florence
& Sheffield Railroad; at Lebanon, with the
Nashville & Knoxville Railroad; at Huntsville
and Stevenson, Ala., with the Memphis &
Charleston Railroad, and at Chattanooga, with
the Western & Atlantic, now a part of this

80 THE CITY OF NASH WILLE.
system, the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia,
the Chattanooga, Rome & Columbus, the Chat-
tanooga Southern Railroad, the Alabama &
ºsº, ºr .
The time of its passenger trains on the main
line averages thirty-six miles an hour; of its
freight trains, sixteen miles an hour. Freights
THE TENNESSEE RIVER,
From the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway
Great Southern, and the Queen & Crescent
Route.
Nearly $24,000,000 are invested in this road,
its equipment and in its branches. Its net
earnings for the year ending June 30th, 1890,
were $1,619,581.35, and its gross earnings,
$3,943,303.74. It runs six freight trains, of
about three sections each, equal to eighteen
trains, daily from Nashville south, and the
same number north. It runs three passenger
trains in each direction every day. The prin-
cipal traffic of the road is in products of the
soil, coal, coke and iron ore.
It carried during the last year for which a
report is at hand, 344,038 tons of grain, flour
and meal products, and 17,328 tons of cotton,
75,635 tons of dressed meats and packing house
products, 45,898 tons of live stock, 694,351 tons
of coal and coke, 249,737 tons of ores, 280,558
tons of lumber, logs and other forest products,
129,924 tons of pig and bloom iron, 31,479 tons
of iron and steel rails, 54,347 tons of bar and
sheet metal, 2,466,238 tons of freight altogether.
From hauling this it had a revenue of $731,230.
It carried 1,032,704 passengers, for which it
received $982,398.85.
are carried over it from St. Louis to Nashville
in thirty-six hours; from New Orleans to Nash-
ville in forty-eight hours, and from Chicago to
Nashville in the same time. -
Many improvements have been made here
by this company, especially in its terminal
facilities, for which it has expended altogether
in the last year or so, $360,000. Its shops here,
including a $75,000 round house, cost $526,-
869.89. The additions made lately to its shops
enable it now to build its own rolling stock as
cheaply as it can be purchased from the manu-
facturers.
This company has recently leased, for twenty-
nine years, the Western & Atlantic Railroad,
extending from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta,
Ga., a distance of 138 miles. It has also
purchased the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad,
thirty-five miles long, from Gadsden to Gun-
tersville, Ala., and has also extended its own
lines and branches as fast as the trade de-
mands.
It has no property in river boats, but it
works in connection with the steamers on
the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, receiv-
ing and delivering freight to them at Johnson-

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 81
ville and Bridgeport on the Tennessee, and at
Nashville on the Cumberland river.
The Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis is
one of the oldest of Southern roads. It was
about the first road built in the State of Ten-
messee, and, although much injured by the war,
it is one of the few roads of the country which
has never been bankrupt. It has paid divi-
dends upon its stock regularly since 1872. Its
president and general manager is J. W.
Thomas; J. H. Ambrose is secretary and
treasurer; J. D. Maney, comptroller; R. C.
Morris, chief engineer; J. W. Thomas, Jr.,
assistant general manager and purchasing
agent; W. L. Danley, general passenger agent,
W. F. March, assistant general passenger
agent; Geo. R. Knox, general freight agent;
Jno. F. Connor, assistant general freight agent;
M. J. C. Wrenne, general superintendent, and
Chas. B. Glenn, paymaster. All of them are
old railroad men. President Thomas began with
this line at Murfreesboro, as station agent, and
all the other officers of the road have worked
themselves up from clerkships to the positions
they now occupy. The engravings of this chapter
represent the scenery along this line.
at Louisville. The following managing officers,
however, are located here: Judge W. J. Wood,
third vice-president; B. F. Champe, general
agent; James Geddes, division superintendent
and W. S. Martin, assistant superintendent.
To the North this road gives to Nashville as
principal terminals, Cincinnati, Chicago & St.
Louis, and it opens to the city a vast territory,
extending from the southern extremity of
Florida to the parallel along which is situated
St. Joseph, Mo., Pittsburgh, and other large
centers of population. It connects the city
also directly with New Orleans, Mobile, Pen-
sacola, Montgomery, Birmingham, Memphis,
Knoxville, Lexington and other principal
cities of Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Alabama,
Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana and Flor-
ida. -
Since 1879 it has increased its mileage in the
South from 972 to 2,664. During the last few
years it has been extended into the Alabama
coal and iron regions, and branches have been
acquired in Tennessee and Kentucky. Valu-
able terminal and wharf property has been
obtained at Mobile, Pensacola and New Orleans,
new construction shops have been built at
MOCCASIN BEND OF THE TENNESSEE RIVER, FROM LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
Line of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway,
THE “L. & N.’’ systEM.
THE Louisville & NASHVILLE system, or the
“L. & N.” as it is called, has its headquarters
Evansville, Ind., and Decatur, Ala., and grand
passenger depots at Birmingham and Louis-
ville, the latter, just completed, the finest in
the country.

82 - THE CITY OF NASHVILLE.
The time on its main lines to Cincinnati,
St. Louis and Chicago has been greatly reduced,
and its terminal facilities at the latter city are
being extended. Last year 5,193,630 passengers
were carried over it and 16,995,477 tons of
freight transported. The leading commodities
hauled by it were sugar and molasses, flour
and grain, beer, fertilizers, cattle, horses and
mules, lumber products, salt, cement and lime,
leaf tobacco and cotton.
At St. Louis connections are made in the
|Union Depot, by it, with all the lines running
out of that city. At Cincinnati, which is 300
miles distant from Nashville by this route, con-
nection is made with the Pennsylvania line
and all trunklines from New York. New York,
Baltimore and Washington connections are
also made at Montgomery and at Calera, in
Alabama. Birmingham can be reached from
Nashville via Decatur, on this line, and Little
Rock, Arkansas, via Memphis. Its most
important divisions to Nashville are those
extending into the coal and iron regions of
Tennessee and Alabama, namely, the Hender-
son division, on which are the Tennessee and
Kentucky mines, and the South and North
Alabama division.
IFAST FREIGHT LIN ES.
The principal Fast Freight Lines having
agencies at Nashville are the following:
THE MERCHANTS’ DESPATCII TRANSPORTATION
CoMPANY is a fast freight line from New York,
Philadelphia, Boston, Albany, Troy, Montreal
and New England to the West, Northwest,
South and Southwest. Freights are forwarded
by it, in cars owned by the company, to the
number of fifteen thousand, including refrig-
erator cars, and these are run over the four-
track New York Central, on all roads west of
Chicago, and on five in the South, the Louis-
ville & Nashville, Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis, Illinois Central, Queen & Crescent and
Mobile & Ohio. Out of New York City the
company has privileges over the New York
Central system, the Lake Shore and Michigan
Central; out of Boston, by the Boston &
Albany; out of Philadelphia, by the Philadel-
phia & Reading, and its New England business
is done via Albany and the New York Central
Railroad.
This is the oldest of the fast freight com-
panies of this country. It was organized in
1855 and reorganized in 1871. It owns its
cars and operates with an independent manage-
ment; in this particular differing from the
other fast freight lines, which are subordinate
to the various railroads. It has 12,000 com-
mon cars and 3,187 refrigerator or Merchants’
Despatch, DAIRY FREIGHT, cars. It has four
million dollars invested in refrigerator cars
alone, and in respect of its widespread business
and connections, is the greatest concern of the
kind in the world.
It also does a large importation business
through the principal Atlantic seaports, receiv-
ing and shipping freights and issuing through
bills of lading to and from England, Ireland,
Scotland, Wales, France, Germany, Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Spain,
Italy, India, China, Japan, the West Indies,
South America and the Maritime provinces of
Canada. Property is taken for shipment by
Steamers or sailing vessels to any part of the
World. Insurance, custom-house and other
matters of that character, are attended to by
the company’s representatives everywhere, so
that goods go through to points of destination
without delay. THOMAS MEADows & Co., of
London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester and
Paris, are general European agents for it.
The Special advantages derived by patronage
of this company here are those of through bills
of lading and quick carriage of freights.
MARCUs B. TANEY, of 4 Noel Block, the
Company’s representative here, has been with
it for twenty-one years and has been in the
railroad business for twenty-six years—from
his youth in fact. He is president of the Ma-
Sonic Widows’ and Orphans’ Home of Nash-
ville. *
The STAR UNION FAST FREIGHT LINE, of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and the
GREEN LINE, are represented here by G. W.
STAFILMAN, of 321 Church street. The Star
Union Line is, in respect of its mileage and
ramifications, one of the greatest of all the fast
freight lines of the world. It is operated over
the lines of 120 corporations, comprising over
7,000 miles of railroad. It issues through bills
of lading, and forwards freight from any point
On its lines to all parts of the world. It has
offices in all the principal cities of this country
and Canada.
It reaches Washington by the Midland, Bal-
timore & Potomac, St. Louis, by the Van-
dalia; Pittsburgh and Allegheny, by the
Allegheny Valley & Pittsburgh, Chicago,
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie, and Cincinnati and
St. Louis; Philadelphia, by the Pennsylvania
THE CITY OF NASH WILLE. 83
and Philadelphia, Wilmington & Delaware;
New York, by the Pennsylvania Central &
New Jersey, and all of the steamship lines;
Louisville, by the Louisville & Nashville and
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis.
The Star Union carries out of here all classes
of freight. It handles the bulk of the lumber,
hides and perishables, shipped from here.
Mr. Stahlman has full charge of its
The Cumberland rises in the Cumberland
range of Kentucky, and after doubling through
Tennessee, flows through the State of its origin
into the Ohio river. It drains a district of
18,500 square miles area, 12,500 of which is
above Nashville on the stream. This district
is pretty thickly populated and is as resourceful
as any of equal extent of the land.
business here.
He has been in the railroad busi-
ness since 1884 and has been man-
aging this business here since
1885. He is a brother of E. B.
Stahlman, for a long time third vice-
president of the Louisville & Nash-
ville Railroad, and one of the most
prominent railroad men of the South.
Since Mr. Stahlman took charge for
the Star Union here, its business
has increased co-extensive with the
growth of the transportation busi-
ness of the place.
The PROJECTs For RAILROADs to
make Nashville a focal point, are
legion. New lines are proposed,
and are in various stages of evolu-
tion: to Florida; to the south At-
lantic ports, or to a connection with
the roads that already lead there; to
the great Southern iron and coal
fields; to the North, the South, the
East and the West.
Nearest realization of these at
present is the TENNESSEE MIDLAND,
completed and in operation over a
distance of 135 miles from Memphis
at the Mississippi river in Tennessee,
to Perryville on the Tennessee river,
70 miles from Nashville.
THE CUMBERLAND RIVER,
WHILE the two railroads, that have
just been described herein, are the
channels through which the traffic
of the city mainly flows, the Cumber-
land is an artery of commerce, by
no means to be despised. It has but one
regular line of boats at present [plying on
it; but a fleet of small craft bearing the
timber especially, the iron, coal and other pro-
ducts of the rich district which it drains, is
borne lightly upon its broad bosom to Nash-
Ville, the principal landing upon its banks.
SUNSET ROCK, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
Line of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.
The river is navigable from its mouth to
Nashville, approximately 200 miles, for nine
months in the year, and for 200 miles further
for six. It has been surveyed by engineers
and pronounced susceptible of improvement to
a degree that would make it one of the great
navigable streams of the world.

84 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
The enterprise and influence of Nashville has
been largely directed of late years to bring
about this improvement by means of a govern-
mental expenditure. The work is proceeding
in a desultory way, and efforts have been made
by public agitation of the matter to hasten it.
The proposed improvement contemplates the
complete canalization of some 340 miles’ length
of the stream, from Smith’s Shoals to Nash-
ville, and the construction of 30 locks and
dams, the whole at a cost, under the act of
Congress providing for it, of $4,000,000. It is
hoped by those most prominently identified
with this movement, chief among them M. T
BRYAN, an attorney of the city, and president
of its Commercial Club, that sufficient funds
will be obtained at the next session of
Congress to prosecute the work with somewhat
greater vigor and effect.
The NASHVILLE, PADUCAH & CAIRO AND NASH-
v1.LLE & EvansvilDE PACKET COMPANIES operate
a line of steamers between the points named in
their joint titles. These boats are new, and
they carry both passengers and freight. They
ply on the Cumberland and Ohio rivers to the
following points: Ashland City, Clarksville
and Dover, Tenn.; Linton, Canton, Hender-
son, Eddyville, Dycusburg, Smithland and
Uniontown, Ky. ; Metropolis, Mound City,
Shawneetown and Golconda, Ill. ; Mount Ver-
non and Evansville, Ind. Close connections
are made by this line at Cairo, Ill., with
steamers to all points on the Mississippi and
Missouri rivers, and with the Cotton Belt,
Iron Mountain, Wabash and Illinois Central
Railroads; at Evansville, with steamers for
Cincinnati and Pittsburgh and with railroads
to all points, and at Shawneetown, with the
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad.
Four boats are run by this company: the
“E. G. Ragon,” the “B. S. Rhea,” the “J. P.
Drouillard” and the “A. Perry.” One of these
boats leaves Nashville every Monday, Wed-
nesday and Saturday; Evansville every Satur-
day, and Paducah every Sunday, Wednesday
and Friday. They are clean, neat, large,
speedy, comfortable, staunch and safe. They
set an excellent table. Their route is one of
beautiful scenery and in parts of historic in-
terest. They make special rates for round
trips and offer every inducement to emigrants.
They give through rates upon both freight and
passenger business.
This company’s landing here is at the foot of
Broad street. Its office is at 108 Broad street.
The line was established in 1876.
T. G. RYMAN is its president. From him it
derives its popular name, “The Ryman Line.”
J. T. TYNER is its vice-president; T. M. GAL-
LAGHER, general freight and passenger agent;
J. A. ROUNTREE, general agent. Mr. Ryman
is a capitalist resident here. Captain Tyner is
in command of the “B. S. Rhea.” of this line,
which plies between here and Cairo. Mr.
Gallagher is an old steamboat-man of the
Mississippi, Ohio and Cumberland rivers. He
attends to the office business of the company.
Mr. Rountree is captain of the “Drouillard.”

NASHVILLE AS A CENTER OF TRADE.
BUSINESS GROWTHI.
HILE the Federal census of 1890
gave Nashville but 76,168 inhab-
itants, it is certain that the city
has now, its suburbs included,
upwards of 100,000 Souls, and
by some of its residents the population is
placed at as much as 115,000 persons. The
lowest of these estimates of the present, shows
a growth in the twelve years since the census
of 1880, of 133 per cent.
The commercial progress of Nashville, dur-
ing this same period of twelve years, has been
nearly, if not quite commensurate with its
growth in population. And statistics, to
which some may object because they can often
be construed to belie themselves, need not be
evoked to prove this assertion.
It is plainly to be seen, in every branch of
trade, and is especially pronounced in the pro-
duce and grain business, in the lumber traffic
of the city, in all the jobbing lines, and partic-
ularly, as we have said, in the boot and shoe
trade; and most of all is striking in the manu-
facturing industries, some of which here, like
saddlery for instance, an important one, are a
development entirely of the last few years.
Such progress has been made in manufactures
indeed, at Nashville, that a special chapter is
made herein of that subject.
Nashville is trade center for ten States of
the South; but its commercial influence and
advantage over competing cities is naturally
greatest in Tennessee, toward the larger part of
which it occupies a commanding seat. It is
situated in the very midst of a district which,
acre for acre, will compare in productiveness
with any equal area in the land, the great
Central Basin of Tennessee, 5,000 miles
Square.
§
INFIELD OF TEIE CITY.
THIS part of the State yields almost every-
Where bountifully, the staples, cotton, grain,
tobacco, vegetables, fruits, and the grasses.
The mildness of the climate makes farming
more profitable than in States further north;
of some products, like potatoes, frequently two
crops can be successfully grown in the same
season. More high-bred horses, cattle, and
swine are raised in this district than in any like
area of the United States. It is a great feed-
ing ground for mules; and the names of its
most noted horse breeding establishments:
Belle Meade, the Hermitage, Buena Ventura,
Grand View, Kennesaw, Cliff Lawn, Melrose,
Glen Mayo, etc., are familiar to horsemen in
every State. Iron has been made from the
ores of this district, for eighty years; there are
great beds of it not far west of Nashville, and
furnaces are operated from this source of sup-
ply in the very suburbs of that city.
AN EXPANSIVE BACK COUNTRY.
SURROUNDING this “great central basin ’’ of
the State is the region known as the “Rim
Lands,” which is also a tributary in trade of
Nashville. The Rim Lands occupy a plateau
from three hundred to five hundred feet
higher than the basin; like the basin they are
highly productive of grain and grasses, tobacco,
vegetables, and fruits, and, like it also, are
largely under cultivation. Where they are
not, they are rich in iron ores, much of them,
and building stones, and their surface is thick-
ly clothed with timber.
Beyond these Rim Lands to the east, are the
great coal fields of the Cumberland Mountains,
equal in extent to an area of 5,200 square
miles. These fields supply bituminous, block,
and cannel coals, suitable for coking, steam,
general manufacturing, and domestic purposes,
which are available at Nashville at a very low
cost. Iron abounds in this district also, and
the finest of marbles; and petroleum and natural
gas are also met with. The timber of these
mountains is that from which Nashville
derives its prestige as the greatest of all markets
in this country for hardwood lumber.
We have seen already in our chapter on the
transportation facilities of the city, that Nash-
ville has, for one means of transportation, the
Cumberland River, flowing through Tennessee
and Kentucky, and that it has railroad com-
munication with all parts by means of the two
great systems that make it a focal point.
86 THE CITY OF NASH WILLE.
These systems enable it to participate in the
enlarged commerce growing out of the develop-
ment of the contiguous mineral district of
Alabama, a part of the country which has
wonderfully progressed in population and
industries, as almost every one is aware, during
the decade lately passed.
Nashville has been a jobbing center for the
last seventy years, but has been of note among
those of the South only since the war. The
awakened enterprise of its merchants has of
late years vastly extended its fame as a supply
point; the exigencies of its own growth and of
its field, have added many new lines of busi-
ness to those it had, and vastly increased the
importance of the old. New Orleans only, a
seaport, of all the Southern cities is a greater
capital of commerce; and yet it has met and
maintained its position in the face of the
rivalry, not only of the great cities like New
York, Chicago, and St. Louis, which have
trade everywhere, but of a score of Southern
trade centers like Richmond, Atlanta, Birm-
ingham, and, in its own state, Knoxville, and
Memphis.
COTTON, TOBACCO AND GRAIN.
CoTTON is less a Tennessee crop than it for-
merly was; and it counts for less among the
products of the State with each succeeding
year. Nashville, however, as its trade terri-
tory widens, continues to hold its own and
even to grow in that trade. Its receipts for
the season of 1890-91 were about 50,000 bales,
valued at the prices prevailing then, at $2,000,-
000, as compared with 38,000 bales in 1889-90.
The city has considerable of a wool trade also,
and is, as we shall hereafter see, a cotton and
woolen goods manufacturing place.
The receipts of tobacco raised in the neigh-
boring districts of Tennessee and Kentucky,
by the dealers in that staple at Nashville dur-
ing 1890, were something like 10,000 hogsheads,
of 1,600 pounds each, valued at average prices
of $1,125,000. This is nearly twice what the
receipts were in 1885.
By the establishment in recent years of sev-
eral very large flouring mills in the city,
receiving their wheat from the West as well as
adjacent Southern parts, and by the greater
favor in which grain has of late been held as
a crop by Tennessee farmers, Nashville has
been made the greatest of Southern grain
markets. The flouring mills of the city now
have 5,750 barrels daily capacity. The receipts
of wheat at Nashville in 1890 were 2,400,000
bushels; of corn, 2,000,000 bushels; of oats,
750,000 bushels; of hay about 20,000 tons.
But the local milling demand has increased so
much that the figures just given scarcely repre-
sent the real state of the business at all.
PRODUCE, LIVE STOCK, LUMBER.
NASH VILLE grows steadily also as a market
for produce and fruits. It is a large shipping
point for berries and early vegetables to the
North. From three counties of Middle Ten-
nessee, $200,000 worth of potatoes were
shipped North—mostly by Nashville houses—
last year. Market gardening is a prosperous
industry around Nashville. The berry crop of
West Tennessee, chiefly strawberries sent
North, was worth $1,000,000 last year. The
produce business, indeed, is almost entirely
based upon Tennessee staples, and the busi-
ness is larger here in the aggregate than in
any Southern city except New Orleans.
The receipts of bacon and bulk meats at
Nashville in 1890 were nearly 11,000,000
pounds; of peanuts (a Tennessee product en-
tirely), 10,000 bags. The hide and fur and
ginseng trade of the city sustains several good
sized houses.
A hundred thousand Tennessee hogs were
received here in 1890, and, besides these, about
45,000 cattle, 60,000 sheep, and 41,000 mules.
The new Stock Yards and Packing House pro-
ject at West Nashville is intended to utilize to
the full the value of Tennessee’s production of
beeves, muttons and swine.
The State of Tennessee, it is estimated, pro-
duces annually $4,000,000 worth of mules. It
is feeding ground, besides, for mules bred in
other parts. Nashville’s participation in the
trade is as a sales market and importer of jacks,
to the amount all told of something between
$3,000,000 and $5,000,000 a year.
The lumber trade of Nashville has grown
apace since the war. Prior to that period the
receipts here were hardly 5,000,000 feet a year.
Now they are fast approaching a total of
200,000,000 feet, valued at five or six million
dollars. The city is fifth among the lumber
markets of the coulſtry in receipts of all sorts,
and first in the hardwood trade. It has a very
large production of building material, of which,
however, more anon. In yellow poplar, es-
pecially, the growth of the Tennessee Moun-
THE CITY OF NASHVID.L.E. 87
tains, it has practically a monopoly. Its Wagon
and furniture factories are in part the cause,
and in part the result of its growth in the
hardwood receipts. .
BUSINESS GENERALLY.
NASHVILLE continues to grow as a jobbing
center in the grocery, liquor and cigars, dry
goods, boots and shoes, hardware and imple-
ments, furniture, crockery, and drug lines.
The growth of these, however, calls for no par-
ticular remark other than what is made here-
inafter in the various classifications of this
chapter. - -
One fact in this connection is, nevertheless,
worth mention. A customs survey, which was
abandoned here four years ago because the
office was not self-sustaining, has been re-
established. During the first five days of “free
sugar,” in 1891, 2,112,606 pounds were entered
here. Other importations as yet are of nomi-
mal value merely. The direct exportations are
cotton, tobacco, hardwood lumber and relig-
ious literature.
The internal revenue taxes of a district em-
bracing fifty-nine counties of Tennessee, are
paid mostly in Nashville. The total collections
of this district, in 1890, were nearly $1,000,000.
The advantages of organization for the com-
mon welfare is well understood and thoroughly
appreciated by the business community of
Nashville. The MERCHANTs’ ExCHANGE of the
city, combining the functions of a Board of
Trade and Chamber of Commerce, was organ-
ized in 1878. . It has a membership of about a
hundred of the leading merchants and business
men. Jas. H. Yarbrough, real estate agent, is
its president; John N. Sperry, banker, treas-
urer. The COMMERCIAL CLUB, a later organi-
zation, has a more widely distributed member-
ship of about 300. M. T. BRYAN, attorney, is
its president.
Nashville has retail stores that, in appear-
ance and business, are distinctively metropol-
itan. The advantage it derives in a retail way
from its turnpike roads has already been
cited.
THE COTTON AND TOBACCO MEN.
OF the 50,000 bales total cotton receipts at
Nashville last season, 12,500 were taken by the
Spinners of the city. As in other parts of the
South factorage and the credit system based
upon it, is very nearly out of date. The deal-
ers now, as a rule, are buyers outright.
The facilities of the market are ample for
the trade. These facilities include transporta-
tion by both river and rail; the warehouses of
the four largest houses engaged in the business
here, and the compress and storage conven-
iences of the NASHVILLE WAREHOUSE, ELEVA-
TOR AND COMPRESS Co., situated adjacent to the
line of both roads. This warehouse and com-
press covers four acres, and is very nearly
large enough to store all the cotton coming in
here. Its press is of the hydraulic pattern
with a capacity of 1,000 bales a day.
Some of the cotton buyers of the city handle
grain also, and some of the tobacco men, grain
and cotton. The tobacco handled formerly all
came from adjacent parts of Tennessee, but
lately the dealers have been securing trade
from other parts of the State and from Ken-
tucky. Most of the Tennessee stock is dark
and heavy; some light Brazilian is, however,
also raised.
The receipts of tobacco, as we have already
noted, are now nearly double what they were
five years ago. They aggregate 10,000 hogs-
heads of 1,600 pounds each. The two leading
houses in the trade here have storage for 4,500
hogsheads. -
Following are sketches of the principal con-
cerns in cotton and tobacco here.
E. HANCOCK & Co., cotton factors and com-
mission merchants dealing largely in grain at
112 and 114 South College street, handle about
10,000 bales of cotton a season and a large
quantity of grain, and do altogether a business
of $500,000 a year and upwards. They have a
large three story place with storage for 2,000
bales of cotton, besides grain and feed stuff.
They sell cotton largely to both exporters of
it and Northern spinners, grain and feed to
local houses dealing directly with the con-
Sumer. All the staples handled by them are
of Tennessee production.
Mr. E. Hancock, principal in this house, has
been in the cotton trade here since he came
out of the army after the war. He is assisted
in the management of the business of the
house by his son, CLIFF. HANCOCK.
H. W. GRANTLAND & Co., one of the oldest
cotton houses of the city (and largest as well)
occupies 105 and 107 South College street.
They have a place there with ample facilities
for handling any quantity of the staple, and
are prepared at all times to fill orders for all
88
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
*
grades of it. They receive from all parts of the
South and ship to Northern markerts largely.
They also sell to the exporters, and to the three
mills here which consume themselves cotton
to the aggregate of 25,000 bales annually.
The senior member of the firm is H. W.
Grantland, cashier of the First National Bank.
He founded the business of the house soon
after the war. The general manager of the
business is his son, H. S. Grantland; the office
man of the firm, his son-in law, Mr. B. H. Rice.
F. C. Kreider, one of the oldest and best-
known cotton classers in this part of the
country, is in the employ of this firm.
THE FARMERS’ AND LABORERs’ UNION OF TEN-
NESSEE, organized, among other purposes, to
dispense with unnecessary middlemen, and do
business directly between the producer and
consumer, and incidentally to furnish farmers,
members of the organization, their supplies
at first cost, as nearly as is expedient, has
one of its business houses established at Nash-
ville, with GEO. A. GowAN, one of the original
promoters of the movement, in charge. The
other two principal establishments of the order
are at Knoxville and Memphis. That here is,
however, the largest of the three.
It is at 310 Broad street. A stock is
carried there of such goods and wares as are
required by the members of the organization,
and sales are effected of the staples produced
by them, viz.: tobacco, cotton, cattle, wheat,
etc. Bulky products are stored in the ware-
house of the Union here, and business is con-
ducted in a manner similar to that of the
merchants generally.
This establishment was founded in 1887, and
has been a success from the beginning. Great
benefits have been derived from it by those
participating in its privileges, but it has not
been and is not the intention of its founders
and principals to interfere with any necessary
avocation. Last year its Sales aggregated
at Nashville $125,000, a sum equal to those of
the larger houses here located.
MR. T. B. REESE, one of the Executive Com-
mittee of the Union, assists Mr. Gowan in the
management of affairs.
DoRTCH, CARSEY & Co., 148 and 150 South
College street, and 151 and 153 South
Market street, are proprietors of the CAPITAL
WAREHOUSE, and lessees of the DoRTCII WARE-
Hous E, the latter one of the largest storage
houses south of the Ohio River. The busi-
ness of this firm is confined exclusively to
the sale of tobacco on commission for ship-
pers of that product, and to the storage of it
here. In what is known as its down town
warehouse, it has a storage capacity of 600
hogsheads, and in its Chestnut street ware-
house, of 3,000 hogsheads. It is the largest
receiver of tobacco in this market.
The tobacco handled by this firm is the
product of Kentucky and Tennessee. For the
past two years the sales of the house have been
10,000 hogsheads, and the prospect for 1892 is
that its trade will be greater than ever before.
The house was established in 1873 by Carsey,
Son & Co., from whom there is an unbroken
chain of succession during thirteen years, to
the establishment of Dortch, Carsey & Co.
The partnership interests are held by Nat. F.
and J. R. Dortch and W. H. Carsey. Mr.
Carsey was one of the original firm. He has
been in the tobacco trade since his youth, and
is considered an expert in it. Mr. Nat. Dortch
was, before he embarked in this line, clerk of
the Circuit Court here, and City Treasurer of
Nashville. He is the financial man of the
house, and is as well up on tobacco as any man
in the trade. He is president of the Safe De-
posit Trust and Banking Company of this city,
and also of the Security Home Building and
Loan Association. Mr. J. R. Dortch has
charge of the office, and is general book-keeper
for the firm. He was formerly of Nat. F.
Dortch & Co., cotton and grain dealers. The
motto of the house of Dortch, Carsey & Co. is:
fair inspection, honest weights, and prompt
returns.
GRAIN AND PRODUCE.
WE have given the receipts of grain, hay,
etc., at Nashville in 1890, already in this chap-
ter. The new flour mills built all have large
elevators and these, with the old storage facili-
ties, are sufficient for all purposes of the
trade.
Nashville is located in one of the most pro-
ductive sections of the entire Union. Tobacco,
wheat, corn, oats and hay grow luxuriantly in
the region tributary to it, and much of its
solid wealth and substantial prosperity is due
to the fact that all of these great agricultural
products are so abundant.
As a centre of a great grain producing sec-
tion Nashville has unequaled facilities for sup-
plying the more Southern States with wheat,
corn, oats and hay. With her splendid rail-
road facilities she is enabled to deliver her
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 89
products into the markets of the South much
quicker than points more remote and with
poorer railroad facilities and connections.
Southern buyers can receive their goods
from here without the delay which is so annoy-
ing in shipments from more distant points.
Among the houses actively engaged in col-
lecting and bringing to Nashville, and from
there distributing throughout the South the
grain, etc., grown in her territory, none is
more favorably and widely known than the
firm of J. H. WILKEs & Co., dealers in wheat,
corn, Oats, hay and bran.
The senior member of this firm has been
engaged in the grain business for twenty-five
years and is thoroughly conversant with all
the requirements of the trade.
All the time and energy of this firm is
devoted to the grain trade. Its business is
steadily increasing; whilst its supplies are
drawn from the West and Northwest as well as
from the rich farming regions immediately
around here, its distribution of this staple
embraces every Southern State east of the
Mississippi river.
This firm has a warehouse with storage
capacity for a hundred and fifty cars of
grain, located upon its own track, which con-
nects directly with both the D. & N. and the
N., C. & St. L. railroads.
Cars are delivered to it at its warehouse by
both roads, and are loaded and shipped out
direct to their destination without delay; and
there is no loss to either buyer or seller result-
ing from transfers, by wagon or dray, to and
from the cars.
Whilst devoting all of its energies, as has
been said, to the successful building up of its
grain business, the firm has interests also in
many of the enterprises which combine to
make Nashville the “Queen city of the South.”
MILLER & Co., wholesale and retail dealers
in hay, grain, flour and seeds, occupy the com-
modious warehouse at numbers 438 and 440
North College street.
The business of Miller & Co. was established
in 1876 by W. J. Miller, the head of the house,
and they are now next to the oldest grain firm
in the city.
He started in very modest fashion; but
to-day Miller & Co. enjoy not only a very
large retail trade in the city and throughout
Middle Tennessee, but they command a large
and constantly growing wholesale trade all
through the States of Alabama, Georgia, Florida
and the Carolinas.
The firm handles a particularly large amount
of hay on consignment.
W. J. Miller, the head of this firm, was for-
merly in the book and stationery business, but
abandoned that pursuit in 1876 for the business
he is now in. He is also a director of the
SPECIFIC OxygEN Co., which has offices and
headquarters in the Overton Building.
FRANK M. LESTER, wholesale and retail
dealer in, and commission merchant for the
Sale of hay, grain, bran, flour, meal, etc., has
his Office and warehouse at 120 South Market
street. He succeeded W. C. Meyers there in
April last. - •
He was formerly engaged in the business of
importing jacks, horses and other live stock.
He has an elevator for the storage of grain,
and is in receipt of the produce he deals in
regularly from all parts of the country, and is a
shipper in car loads to the trade centers of all
the Southern States. His business will aggre-
gate something like $200,000 a year.
L. F. ARGO, JR., dealer in country produce,
at 147 South Market street, does a commission
business there and a retail business in the Pub-
lic Market. He was formerly in the grocery
business here for many years, but abandoned
that line for the one he now follows. He
makes a specialty of the trade in eggs, cured
meats, fruit, fresh and dried vegetables, and
poultry. Last year (1890) he had receipts of
10,000 eggs a week and 500 to 600 chickens.
His trade embraces receipts from and ship-
ments to New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illi-
nois, Missouri, Kentucky, all parts of Tennes-
see, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Florida;
in other words, an exchange of the products of
the East, West and South.
J. S. BEADLE & Co., commission merchants,
and shippers of country produce, at 136 South
Market street, make a specialty of the trade in
eggs, butter and poultry, and are, perhaps, the
largest dealers here in that line. They are
receivers from and shippers to all parts of the
South, and also to Cairo, Chicago, New York,
Philadelphia and other Northern markets.
Mr. Beadle established himself in this line
of trade here in 1868, and has been in it con-
tinuously since. He has a house of similar
character in Shelbyville, Tenn., which, like the
Nashville establishment, does a handsome
business. Mr. G. W. Hogan, Mr. Beadle's
partner, was, prior to 1890, in the business by
himself in another part of the city for eighteen
or twenty years; so that his experience of it is
not at all limited either.
90 THE CITY OF NASHVILLE,
J. J. HILL, produce commission dealer, of 123
North Market street (formerly at 31 and 33
North Market street), has been engaged in
this pursuit here for the past eight years.
He does a general commission business, and
makes the usual advances on consignments, and
is a shipper to all points between the Lakes
and Gulf.
He makes a specialty of the trade in foreign
and domestic fruits, and handles Florida fruits
largely in season.
Mr. Hill is one of the best known of Nash-
ville’s commission merchants; but parties not
acquainted with him are referred to either
Dun’s Mercantile Agency, or the Fourth Na-
tional Bank of this city.
THE LIVE STOCK BUSINESS.
THERE are two stock yards at Nashville, and
another will soon be established on a large
scale in the suburb of West Nashville. There
was received in the city, as we have said, dur-
ing 1890, 100,000 hogs, 45,000 cattle, and
60,000 sheep. The business grows larger daily
and affords a livelihood to numerous dealers.
The mule trade is, however, the most import-
ant branch of the live stock business. Tennes-
see, especially in the neighborhood of Columbia,
Maury county, has been a maturing ground for
young mules for years. Nashville, with receipts
of 41,000 head in 1890, is second to St. Louis
Only as a mule market. It is a supply station
for pretty much all the South.
The principal dealers in horses and mules
are noticed in the paragraphs that follow.
The UNION STOCK YARDs Co., organized in
1880, is a consolidation of all the stock yards
run here prior to that date. It has $170,000
paid up capital, and is the owner of yards at
the corner of Line and Robertson streets,
lying along the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis Railway, which cover about four acres,
all of which area is under shed. Here a gen-
eral feeding, transfer and sales business is car-
ried on, and all possible facilities are provided
for traders in live stock. It is a general feed-
ing station for all the railroads centering here
for stock going both North and South ; and it
does an especially large business in the feed-
ing of horses and mules going South during the
winter.
These yards, in fact, are considered as well
equipped and appointed for the business as
any in the South. There are sheep pens, mule
pens and stables on the ground. Stock can be
fed here as cheaply as at any point in the land,
and the market, with traders permanently
established here, handling cattle, horses,
sheep, hogs and mules, is always a good One.
The company, however, does not deal in stock
itself; it merely furnishes facilities for the
dealers and shippers. It has accommodation
for 100 car loads, whether cattle, horses and
mules, sheep or hogs.
James Fetter, cashier of one of the leading
banks of Louisville, Ky., is president of this
company; O. F. Noel, a retired capitalist and
president of the East Tennessee Telephone Co.,
of this city, vice-president; James E. Cald-
well, general manager of the Cumberland Tel-
ephone Co., secretary; and H. S. BAUMAN, a
man of long experience in the business, super-
intendent and treasurer. The directors are
these gentlemen and H. N. McTyiere, mer-
chant of this city; E. B. Stahlman, formerly
vice-president of the Louisville & Nashville
Railroad here; Sam Brown, of Christianburg,
Ry., and J. C. Bourne, live stock commission
merchant, of Louisville, Ky.
Something like 4,000 car loads of live stock
are handled by this company in the course of a
year. These receipts embrace horses and
mules, shipped from the West largely to
Georgia, Alabama and the Carolinas; cattle,
hogs and sheep, bound from the South and
Southwest to Cincinnati, Louisville, and even
New York. -
The BUTCHERS’ & DROVERS’ STOCK YARDS
cover about a block at Market and Whiteside
StreetS.
PARMER, FRENCH & Co., successors to the
Tennessee Importing Co., 111 South College
street, import registered Spanish jacks and
jennets, Shetland ponies and coach stallions.
They hold annual combination sales in April
of each year.
W. F. WEBB, successor to Webb & Tisdale,
stablemen and dealers in horses and mules, at
529 and 531 Broad street, Nashville, has one of
the largest stables of the city, and has probably
more boarding patrons than any stableman
here. He has customers in all parts of the
country, who buy, frequently, horses and other
stock, on his recommendation, without seeing
them.
Such is his reputation for both judgment and
integrity.
He receives horses and mules by the car
load from the districts in which they are bred,
largely from Indiana and Missouri, and of
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 91
mules alone he handles here probably 1,000
head a year. He has always on hand a large
stock from which to make selection. And
he will guarantee satisfactory sale of consign-
ments of stock from any part of the country.
As a liveryman, he maintains a fine place,
with numerous stylish rigs and driving stock for
pleasure purposes. He has stalls for 125 head
in his main building, and accommodations
besides for seventy-five in another stable in
the rear.
The TRADERs’ Homſ E feed and livery stable,
222 South Market street, is a new brick place
opened recently by J. R. & L. J. SHORTEN to
do a livery business and a car lot trade in
horses and mules. They have commodious
stalls and pens, and can accommodate about
150 head. The proprietors are father and son,
formerly engaged in this same line at Lebanon,
Tenn. They thoroughly understand the busi-
ness and are responsible men. Fine stock is
their specialty.
WEBSTER & WEED’s livery, sale and board-
ing stables at Nos. 535, 537 and 539 Broad .
street, have been running now about nineteen
years. They have been owned by Messrs.
Webster & Weed about eighteen months.
Mr. Webster was formerly a farmer of this
State, but for the past nine years has been
engaged in the livery business here.
Mr. Weed was formerly a traveling man and
was a resident of New York City up to about
two years ago when he came to this city and
engaged in the law and real estate business.
He has been a member of this firm now for a
year or more.
They have accommodation for about 100
head of horses. They do a sales business and
pay special attention to their livery business,
which is very extensive. And they pride
themselves on having the finest turnouts in
Nashville. They are affable, gentlemanly and
accommodating.
THE LUMIBIER TRAIDE.
THE lumber dealers of the city handled last
year 173,850,000 feet of their stock in trade,
and 32,000,000 shingles. The stock on hand
Varies, according to the state of trade, but is
usually as much as 50,000,000 feet. The daily
capacity of the saw and mills of the city is
411,000 feet, or 125,000,000 feet a year. Over
2,000 men and boys are employed in the trade
(not including the building contractor's men),
and to these 2,000, something like $15,000 a
week is paid in wages.
Nashville’s proximity to the last remaining
sources of hardwood supply in Eastern Ten-
nessee and Kentucky, and in Arkansas, gives
it its advantage as a market for furniture and
wagon stock. In poplar it has no rival worthy
the name. Of pine from Alabama, Georgia
and Mississippi it has also very large receipts.
THE INDIANA LUMBER COMPANY, manufac-
turers of and dealers in hardwood lumber and
building material of every description, have a
mill and yard here on the river bank at the
foot of Oldham street covering 32 acres. They
cut hardwood lumber and material chiefly,
but handle also considerable Georgia pine.
Their mills are equipped with band saws, dry
kilns, and all the latest facilities for the busi-
ness, and have a capacity of 30,000 feet a day.
Their annual output is eight to ten million feet.
They receive their hardwood stock mostly
from the timber districts of Tennessee, some
of it by water and some by rail. They have
side track connections with the Louisville and
Nashville road for both shipping and receiving,
and have room, in their yards, to load twenty
cars at once. Their storage capacity is 4,000,-
000 feet. Their specialties are flooring, ceiling,
siding, finishing, moldings, and interior finish
generally, of both hard and soft woods, and
sawing for the local building trade.
This company is one of the largest shippers
from here to the North and West. It was
organized in 1878, and has $100,000 capital.
F. M. Hamilton is its president; A. L. Reeves,
secretary and treasurer; C. T. Mattingly,
N. H. Oglesbee, J. Scheffer, L. Payne, and
Messrs. Hamilton and Reeves, directors.
Mr. Hamilton is general manager of the
business. He was a lumber and mill man
of Indiana before he came here. Mr. Reeves,
as his title indicates, is office manager and
financial director for the company, and Director
Scheffer takes charge of the buying of stock.
Directors Oglesbee and Mattingly are residents
of Indiana, and Director Payne of Ohio.
GOLDBERG & RICH, wholesale dealers in
lumber at 129 South Summer street, near Broad,
Nashville, have yards there covering an area
of 600 by 1,200 feet, and with storage under
shed for 1,500,000 feet. They handle Georgia
pine, Tennessee hard woods, sash, doors,
blinds, mantels, finishing stuff, framing ma-
terial, and dimensions, and do a business
aggregating $300,000 in sales a year. They
ship to all parts of the country, throughout
92 - THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
Tennessee, and to the East, West, and South.
They employ about 35 persons, several of them
traveling men representing them on the road.
Mr. Goldberg, of the firm, established the
business in 1875; Mr. Rich acquired his
interest in 1880. They are well known as a
firm to the lumber trade of the country at large,
and are considered one of the most substantial
concerns here.
John B. RANSOM & Co., manufacturers of
and dealers in red cedar, black walnut, yellow
poplar, white ash, and other lumber at the
West Walnut street crossing of the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, have a mill
and yard there covering about five acres, and
yards besides at Murfreesboro, Lewisburg and
Shelbyville, in this State.
They handle about fifteen million feet of
lumber and timber a year, and take for their
markets both the East and the West. Red
cedar is their specialty, and their dealings
embrace sales of fence posts, telegraph poles,
vineyard stakes, red cedar shingles, bucket
staves and headings, dressed lumber of all
kinds, heavy framing, sash, doors, blinds,
moldings, and other building material.
They have been established about fifteen
years. Mr. Ransom, of the firm, has had a
lifelong experience in the lumber trade, both
here and in Murfreesboro, and Mr. J. O.
Kirkpatrick, his partner, has been in it also,
for years.
GEORGE W. Boy D, lumber dealer of 1021
Cedar street, has a saw mill of his own in
Lewis county, Tennessee, with a capacity of
10,000 feet a day, manufacturing rough lumber,
which he sells from his yards here. These
yards cover about two acres of ground, and in
them he carries a stock of rough and dressed
lumber and shingles, chiefly yellow pine, but
also Tennessee red cedar, poplar and chestnut.
His sales will aggregate about $75,000 a year.
Mr. Boyd is successor to Baird & Boyd,
established in 1886. He is a native of Nash-
ville, and is a descendant of one of the pioneer
settlers of the city.
J. E. BATES & Co., wholesale lumber dealers,
with hardwoods a specialty, at 1101 North
IFront street, have been established there since
1885. They buy their logs and have them
sawed here by the band mills. Last year
they handled about three million feet. They
shipped the greater part of this to the Eastern
cities. They have been handling rough lum-
ber heretofore, but are about to embark in the
trade in dressed lumber also. Their yards
cover two acres here, and in them they have
employed about fifteen or twenty men.
The principals in this firm are J. E. Bates
and Saml. S. Johnson, both residents here.
IRELAND & HARDISTON, wholesale dealers in
building materials, at 127 and 129 South Front
street, are successors to Ireland & Phillips, and
other firms, forming an unbroken succession
since establishment was made of the business
of this house by F. O. Hurt, in 1840. This is,
therefore, in all probability, the oldest house
of the kind in the South.
Mr. Ireland, the senior member of the firm,
has been identified with it for the last fifteen
years, Mr. Hardiston about two years.
This firm has lime kilns at Burns Station, on
the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis road in
Tennessee. They employ eighty hands there
in the manufacture of their Star brand of white
lime, the best in this market, and at their new
yards and warehouses, on South Front street
(opposite the Adamant Stone Co., with which
they are also connected), they have twenty-five
more. They handle sewer and drain pipe,
cement and fire clay, fire brick, sand, plaster,
lath and coal. They make a specialty of West
Virginia fire clay and of terra cotta wares.
They ship these commodities to all parts of
the South, and do a business of $100,000 and
upwards a year.
Mr. Hardiston was formerly in the whole-
sale grocery business as a member of the firm
of Hardiston & White, one of the largest
houses here. He is a director of the Enter-
prise Soap Works, of the Home Insurance Co.,
and of the Capital City Bank, and is a stock-
holder besides in many other concerns here.
Mr. Ireland is a director of the Mud River
Coal & Coke Co., and both he and Mr. Hardis-
ton are interested in Carter & Co., sand
dredgers and dealers here. And, besides their
lime business at Burns Station, they also own
and operate there a barrel and stave factory,
in which they make all kinds of slack barrels,
etc., most of which are used at their own kilns;
but they ship also from there a large amount
of staves to this city, Chattanooga and other
places in this State.
THE JOBBIN G. HOUSES.
NASH VILLE has about 400 houses of all classes
doing a jobbing trade, but the bulk of its busi-
ness, estimated to be now $100,000,000 a year,
is done by about 100 of these concerns.
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 93
It is a greater grocery market than Louis-
ville, which has a very much larger population.
It has a big dry goods trade, and is the great
Southern center of the shoe trade. Its whole-
F---->rº-E-
TENEESSEE MANUFACTURING Co.'s PLACE.
sale trade in hardware and implements, stoves
and house furnishings, furniture and carpets,
liquors, cigars and tobacco, drugs, crockery,
and the lines usually associated with these, is
also great.
It has fourteen large grocery houses doing a
business of $10,000,000 a year; fifteen dry goods
houses selling $8,000,000 worth; eleven hard-
ware and agricultural implement houses, and
the same number in stoves and house furnish-
ings; it has, indeed, the largest stove works in
the South, that of the PHILLIPS-BUTTORFF Co.,
hereinafter described. It has twenty houses
in the furniture trade, which, with $500,000 of
aggregate capital invested in factories making
furniture from Tennessee timber, shows an
increase in ten years of 100 per cent. It had
receipts of 110,000 cases of boots and shoes in
1890, as compared with 75,000 five years ago.
It has eight produce firms and two fruit-import-
ing houses, doing $1,000,000 of business a year.
It has seven houses in cigars and tobacco, sell-
ing a million dollars worth a year, besides the
output of its factories of chewing and smoking
tobacco and snuff. Its sales of liquors, largely
of Tennessee distillation, are something like
$2,500,000 a year.
In the following sketches the characteristics
and personnel of the representative jobbers in
these various lines, and in some others also
not specially mentioned are portrayed, and
illustrations are presented also showing the
appearance of their premises.
GROCERs, BROKERS, ETC.
CUMMIN's BRos., merchandise brokers and
manufacturers' agents, of 99 to 103 Broad street,
are sole agents for the United States, of the
SouTHERN Sod A Works of Nashville, described
on another page of this work, and are South-
eastern and warehouse agents for some of the
largest concerns of the country handling white
lead, linseed and castor oils, soaps, canned
goods, coffees and grocers’ specialties. They
have two men on the road in the States south
of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi and are
credited with sales of a million and a half a
year.
They represent here the National Lead and
Oil Co. of New York, the Collier White Lead
and Oil Co. and Collier Shot Tower Co. of St.
Louis, the St. Louis Lead and Oil Co. of the
same city, the Kentucky White Lead Co. of
Louisville, the Anchor White Lead Co. of Cin-
cinnati, the Eckstein White Lead Co. also of
Cincinnati, the Southern White Lead Co. of
St. Louis, the Crown Linseed Oil Works, St.
Louis; the Collier Castor Oil Works, St. Louis,
and the Red Seal Castor Oil Co. of St. Louis
also.
Among the other concerns for whom they
act as agents, the following are notable: The
National Starch Manufacturing Co., embracing
nearly all the manufacturers of starch in the
country; James S. Kirk & Co., Chicago, soaps
and perfumery; Swift & Co., packers of Chi-
cago and Kansas City; the Southern California
Packing Co., Los Angeles, canned fruits; Dil-
CUMMINS BROS., COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
worth Bros., Pittsburg, Pa., roasted coffees;
the F. A. Snider Preserve Co., Cincinnati;
Libby, McNeil & Libby, canned meats, Chi-


94
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
cago; T. M. Sinclair & Co., pork packers,
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and W. W. Mendell &
Co., manufacturers of cigars, New York.
--- --
*IIIHF:
NAshville LUMBER co.'s works.
The Cummins Bros., F. T. and W. J., estab-
lished the business in 1885, in a modest way,
but had built up, by good management, the
largest concern of the kind here by 1890, in
which year Mr. Irby Bennett of the Southern
Soda Works acquired an interest with them.
Mr. F. T. Cummins is president of the South-
ern Soda Works Co. and is a director of the
Capital City Bank here. Mr. W. J. Cummins
is vice-president of the Soda Works Co., and
Mr. Bennett its secretary and treasurer.
WILKERson & DoNELson, merchandise
brokers of 153 North Market street, are the
representatives here of eighteen prominent
concerns of the country whose products are
standard in Southern markets,
viz.: J. T. Polk & Co., canned
goods, Greenwood, Ind. ; the
East St. Louis Packing and
Provision Co., meats; the
Anglo-American Provision Co.
of Chicago, meats; the Holland-
Burton Tobacco Co., Danville,
Va.; S. Jacoby & Co., and L.
Kahner & Co., cigars, New
York; A. Melzer & Co., soaps,
Evansville, Ind. ; A. Mendel-
sohn & Sons, lye and potash,
Albany, N.Y.; the Dodson-Hils
Manufacturing Co., pickles,
etc., St. Louis; Snell Bros.,
Butlersville, Pa., cigars; Stiltz,
Lisberger & Co., Danville, Va., tobaccos;
Payne & Jackson, Drake's Branch, Va.,
tobaccos; Robt. Carey & Co., New Orleans,
La., sugar; Thos. McDermott & Co., same;
R. H. Chaffe & Co., New Orleans, molasses;
J. M. Truesdale & Co., St. Louis, dried fruits;
C. M. Webber & Co., Chicago, canned goods;
and in addition to these other concerns of
national note.
They supply most of the jobbing grocers
and provision dealers here with these
products and also the larger houses of
Southern Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama
and Georgia, and they do a business
aggregating in sales upwards of $1,000,000
a year.
The business of this house was estab-
lished in 1871 by Mr. Wilkerson. Mr.
Donelson acquired his interest last year.
BYRNE BRos. & Co., wholesale grocers
at Broad and Market streets (Clinton and
J. P. Byrne), have been established since
1866. They do a larger business with the
retailers of Nashville, in all probability,
than any other firm here, and they have also
a large business in the middle and eastern
parts of the State.
They handle bacon and flour in very large
quantities.
Their place of business is a large four story
house, 50x100 feet, affording ample storage
facilities.
Having been successfully engaged in the
trade ever since the war, they are naturally
identified with other concerns. They have
stock in banks and other local corporations, and
are ranked with the solid houses of the Rock
City.
TIMMON's BRos. & PHILPot, wholesale and re-
***** -º *~~~~
**-*…* ºw
- -
NATIONAL FERtilizer Co.'s place.
tail dealers in groceries, field seeds, and feed
stuffs, at 207 Broad street, do a large country
as well as city trade in their specialties, flour,
bacon, lard, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco, cigars,
canned goods, and country produce. They


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 95
have been established about six years. Mr.
W. H. Timmons, of the firm, is one of the
largest farmers of Davidson county. He culti-
Vates about 1,800 acres, and employs 25 hands
on his place. Messrs. L. C. Timmons and S.
A. Philpot, therefore, run the establishment in
town. The latter has been in the grocery
trade here for eighteen years. He is buyer for
the house, and general manager of the sales,
shipping concerns, etc. Mr. L. C. Timmons is
the office and credits man.
THE ALLIANCE GRocłRy, Freed & Co.'s
North Market street establishment, is at 111 of
that thoroughfare, four doors from Broad.
Here they do a general wholesale and retail
business in groceries, wines and liquors, and
supply both a city and country trade. They
have been established in that line here since
the beginning of '91.
They are proprietors also of
RINALDo's Ice CREAM FACTORY, sit-
uated at 453 and 455 North College
street, which concern they bought
out two years ago. It is the largest
concern of the kind in Nashville.
Its output, 200 gallons of ice cream
a day, supplies a large city trade.
THE GREAT ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC
TEA CoMPANY has a headquarters at
35 and 37 Vesey street, New York,
and no less than 208 retail houses
in the principal cities of the coun-
try, twenty-six of them in New York
City, six in Brooklyn, eight in
Buffalo, eight in Philadelphia, six
in Chicago, four in St. Louis, and so
on, including the one it has here at
422 Union street, in the Thompson Block.
It is the proprietor of the SULTANA CoFFEE
AND SPICE MILLs, at 126 and 128 East Thirteenth
street, New York City, and, having so many
points of distribution to supply, is the largest
importer of teas and coffees, as well as the
largest retailer of them, in the world.
The advantage of dealing with it is obvious.
Mr. J. CooDE, who was with the company in
New Orleans, Washington, D. C., and other
places for four years before he came here, is
Nashville manager for it.
The company has both a city and country
trade here.
G. M. HILL, grocer and dealer in wood, coal
and feed, at the corner of Market and Lafay-
ºtte streets, began here in a very small way in
another place, but has been unusually success-
ful. He owns his place of business and other
G. M. H. LL's south NAshville supply store.
property besides, and his sales in the various
lines he handles will aggregate fully $70,000 a
year.
He handles country produce largely, and also
runs a general market in connection with his
store. His is one of the largest retail concerns
of the city.
He is a native of Ohio, twenty years resident
here, and engaged in business for thirteen
years.
MEADERs & Osgood, 200 South Summer
street, are the largest dealers in fish, oysters
and game at Nashville, and, incidentally, han-
dle ice largely also. They have lately built at
200 South Summer street, a large brick ice fac-
tory, 80 by 93 feet, which they have equipped
throughout with the latest machinery devised
for ice making from distilled water. They are
making, to begin with, about twenty-five tons
Fº-> ~~ -
a day, and are supplying, besides a large do-
mestic trade, the butchers, market men, etc.,
whom they furnish with their other special-
ties.
They are the largest receivers here of fish
from Savannah and Florida ports, and of oys-
ters from New York, Baltimore and Norfolk:
and are the heaviest shippers to all points in
Tennessee. They have a stall in the Public
Market of the city to supply their local retail
trade, and they propose hereafter, at their ice
Works, to accommodate the produce men and
other dealers in perishables here with cold
storage facilities.
They employ twenty-five hands. They have
been established since 1869, or, rather, are in
the direct line of succession from the original
founders of the business. Both the part-
ners are natives of the city, and have been


96 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
in this line only during their respective busi-
In eSS CareerS.
LIQUORS AND CIGARS.
M. J. LEvy & SoN, importers of, and whole-
sale dealers in wines and liquors, at 167 North
Market street, occupy there a large four-story
establishment which they keep stocked up
with all the staples of their trade, and particu-
larly with their specialties, case goods and fine
bourbon and rye whiskies of Maryland, Penn-
sylvania, Kentucky and Tennessee distillation.
Their leading brands in case goods are the
“Cave Spring” and “Marco Club” bourbons,
and of bulk goods, “Old Senator.”
They handle fine wines largely also.
This house has been established now about
three years. It has five men on the road in
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TURNER BROTHERS Pº -
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TURNER Bros.' PLACE.
Tennessee and the States adjacent, and does
about $200,000 in sales a year. Mr. M. J. Levy,
senior member of the firm, was formerly a
merchant here, engaged in other lines. He
was a traveling man also for a large Louisville
liquor house, and so has a special experience
of his business. He still goes on the road occa-
sionally, to visit his trade and to give personal
attention to it. His son, MR. R. T. LEVY, is
the office and credits man of the house.
B. S. LovENTHAL & Sons, importers of and
wholesale dealers in liquors and cigars, at 300
North Market street, have been six years
established. They have a corps of four men
on the road traversing nearly all the Southern
States, and maintain, in their place of busi-
ness here, as complete, varied and superior
a stock as there is in Nashville. They are
credited with a business of $150,000 a year and
upwards.
They handle the following brands of stand-
ard Kentucky and Tennessee whiskies: Of
Kentucky’s, McBrayer, Ripy, Watkins, etc.;
of Tennessee, Bridge, Woodward and Nelson;
and they are sole proprietors of the famous
Rock City Cabinet whisky. And besides
these, they import direct Bordeaux clarets,
Rhine wines, Holland gins, liquers, cognacs
and cordials. They are importers, also, of
Havana cigars, and dealers in Key West and
Tampa brands.
B. S. Loventhal and S. I. Loventhal, the
principals in this house, came here from Cin-
cinnati.
The JNo. HAUck BREWING Co. of Cincin-
nati, and the PABST BREWING Co. of Milwaukee,
are represented here by MR. JAMEs E. HAYs, of
Market and Gay streets. These two companies
have had agencies here, covering this State,
Kentucky and Alabama, for the last fifteen
years. Mr. Hays has been their representative
since the beginning of 1890. He has here,
under his charge, a receiving depot and bot-
tling works, in which are employed fifteen
men. It is equipped with refrigerator ma-
chinery and has a capacity for the storage of
1,000 barrels.
The John Hauck Company’s draught beer is
distributed from here, and the Pabst Mil-
waukee “Export” and “Select” bottle beer
shipped throughout the trade territory of the
three States named.
Mr. Hays was book-keeper for many years
for E. Ottenville, the former agent for these
companies, and was, therefore, thoroughly
experienced in the business before he took
charge. Under his management the business
has been greatly enlarged.
L. WHoRLEY, jobber of cigars, manufactured
tobacco, pipes, etc., at 151 North Market street,
is successor to J. & L. Whorley, which firm
succeeded John Whorley in 1865. John Whor-
ley was successor to J. C. Whorley, established
in 1844, so that this house is the oldest one
here, and very likely one of the oldest in the
South in its line—and is one of the largest
also. It has two men on the road in Tennes-
see, Kentucky, Alabama, Mississippi and the
|























THE CITY OF NASH VILLE, 97
Carolinas. Its business will aggregate $150,000
a year.
The following are some of its specialties in
cigars: “Reb and Yank,” “Trolley,” “Great
----
- - - -
. Jºvºvº
º - - - -
– ºs-e-
MAN HATTAN CARRIAGE co’s. WAREHOUSE.
Tom,” “Stolen Kisses,” “Great American Re-
public,” “Mary Lee,” “Hotspur,” “Cuban
Sixes,” “Bob Lee,” “Flor de Riva.” It has
also numerous others.
In tobaccos its specialties are: B. F. Gravely
& Son’s “Superior Pounds,” “Old Coon,” and
“Berta C. Gravely;” P. B. Gravely & Co.'s
“Standard Pound,” “Kate 9-in-4's,” “Our
Celebrated Tar Heel,” “Our Chunk,” “Gold
Leaf,” “Mary Lee,” “Bob Lee,” “June
Apple,” “R. R. Chips,” “Star of the South,”
“Red Brick,” “Cable Coil” and “Rice's Orig-
inal Greenville.”
Mr. L. Whorley, proprietor of the business,
has lived here continuously since 1854. He
has never been in any other line of trade. He
owns property here, and has other interests
acquired during a long and successful business
Career.
HARDWARE, IMPLEMENTS, ETC.
THE MAN HATTAN CARRIAGE CoMPANY of 210
and 212 North Market street, is sole agent here
for the Columbus Buggy CoMPANY’s manufac-
tures, and for the sale of the productions of
other large Northern and Western factories of
fine carriages, buggies, phaetons, surreys,
Wagons, carts and harness, a stock of which,
filling a large three story brick 50x120, is car-
ried by it.
This company has a State trade. Its man-
ager is GEO. S. PARRISH, a native of the city,
and formerly a travelling man for houses of
this sort from this city as headquarters.
THE BRANs For D HARDWARE CoMPANY, 306
and 308 Market street, near Market Square,
are wholesale and retail dealers, carrying a
stock worth, usually, $150,000, employing ten
or twelve traveling men to sell for them in
Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi and Florida, and doing a business
of upwards of a quarter of a million a year.
This company occupies, along with the Rock
CITY SADDLERY CoMPANY, in which some of its
principals are also interested, one of the largest
and finest business structures of the city. It
was built especially for their occupancy, and
that part devoted to the hardware trade is
stocked throughout with light and heavy hard-
ware of all kinds, including shelf goods,
builders' supplies and saddlery hardware.
Many of the retail dealers of the city get their
supplies from this house.
The principals in this house are Wm. S.
Bransford, Jno. K. Breast, and David R. Kin-
naird. Mr. Bransford is president of the Rock
# , º, --
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sº sºlº
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| Hºlºiſ lººks
-- |Wººl ITM). W
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| |-
BRANSFORD HARDWARE CO. AND ROCK CITY
sADDLERY Co.'s PLACE.
City Saddlery Company. Messrs. Breast and
Kinnaird are also identified with the manage-
ment of that concern. Its affairs are described
in another part of this work.










98 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
W.M. DEERING & Co., whose celebrity as
manufacturers of reapers, mowers, binders
and other harvesting machinery is world wide,
have one of their branch houses (which are
established in the principal centers of trade
for the farming districts of the United States)
in Nashville. It was established in 1880 to
supply the terrritory embraced in the States of
Tennessee, Georgia and Mississippi; Tennes-
see, however, principally, in which State the
company has sold as high as 5,000 machines
very nearly, of its manufacture (together with
MR. E. S. CENTER has been the company’s
representative here since 1885. Under his
management the business of the company has
rapidly extended, a result due, however, much
to the fact that improvement of the Deering
product continuously proceeds.
J. M. HAMILTON & Co., wholesale and retail
dealers in hardware, cutlery, tools, farm im-
plements, etc., of 321 North College street,
have been established since 1845. They usually
carry a stock valued at $25,000, and their sales
are upwards of $100,000 a year. Their travel-
|||||W
|
- | -
CITY HOTEL BLOCK, PUBLIC SQUARE, NASH VILLE.
binder twine and other materials dealt in by
it) in a single year. -
A large warehouse is maintained by the
company here at 158 North Market street, in
which a complete and varied stock of Deering
& Co.'s manufactures is always carried.
The utility of the Deering productions, their
superiority, indeed, is so widely appreciated
that it seems unnecessary here to enlarge upon
that topic. Every American farmer is posted
on that subject, and mumbers are, also, in
foreign lands.
The works of this company, situated at
Chicago, employ 4,000 hands and have an
output of fully 100,000 machines a year.
ing men cover all the country east of the Mis-
sissippi and south of the Ohio.
They are agents for the following: C. Ault-
man & Co.'s threshers and engines; the
“Buckeye ’’ binders, reapers and mowers;
Clark’s cut-away harrows; “Tornado ’’ straw
and hay cutters; and Washburn & Moen's
galvanized barb fencing wire.
They handle rubber and leather belting,
baling ties, shelf hardware in endless variety,
an assortment in short, of everything in the way
of heavy and light hardware, tools and imple-
ments, sporting goods, guns and ammunition.
J. M. Hamilton, the senior member of this
firm, has been in the hardware business for fifty-


THE CITY OF NASHVILLE 99
five years, that is to say, the greater part of
his life. He is one of the oldest merchants of
Nashville. He has investments in railroads
and financial concerns here, and is one of the
solid men of the city.
Mr. William Livingston, his partner, has
also had a lifelong experience of the trade.
The latter is general manager of the business
of the house.
REED BROS., saw repairers and dealers in
saw mill supplies, at the corner of Woodland
and Second streets, have been in that line
here for nine years. They are practical saw
makers, both of them; they mastered the trade
at Beaver Falls, Pa., of which section they are
natives; and were with Emerson, Smith &
Co., of that place, for a long time. They are,
therefore, thoroughly qualified for the busi-
116SS.
They do a general line of repairing on circu-
lar saws, and they carry in stock a full line of
saw mill supplies, and also log rollers and
loggers’ supplies. They send out an illustrated
catalogue of the stock they carry, and can fill
orders for anything in their line on short
notice. Their business extends pretty well over
the South and is increasing steadily every day.
The LAFLIN & RAND Powd BR CoMPANY., of
New York, which has eight powder mills in
New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, and
is one of the largest, if not indeed the largest,
manufacturer of gunpowder in this country,
has a branch office in Nashville, for the sale
and distribution of its products throughout the
South, with MR. THOMAS CALLENDER, of 132
North Market street, in charge.
The company’s business was established
here in 1889. This branch has for sales terri-
tory all the country south of the Ohio and east
Of the Mississippi. The company maintains a
magazine here for the storage of its products,
but shipments are usually made direct from
One or other of its works.
It makes a specialty of blasting powders for
railroad and mining work, of electric blasting
apparatus and fuses, and of the acids and high
explosives manufactured by the Repauno
Chemical Company and Hercules Powder Co.,
in both of which the Laflin & Rand Co. is
largely interested.
Mr. Callender was formerly with the whole-
Sale hardware house of Dudley Bros. & Lips-
Comb here. He has made diligent efforts to
extend the business of his company in his field,
and has been rewarded by a far better trade
than either they or he expected.
C. A. LITTERER & Co., wholesale dealers in
and importers of seeds, handle also imple-
ments, wagons and buggies, etc., at 116 and
118 North Market street. This is the oldest
house, very likely, of its line in Nashville. It
was established in 1867. It occupies a large
building, 40 by 210, in which the largest stock
of the kind carried here is displayed.
The “Co.” of this firm name is nominal
merely. Mr. Litterer is sole proprietor. He
is one of the best known residents of the city.
He has held public office here, and has ac-
quired a fortune by the successful management
of his business. He owns a fine farm adjoin-
ing Glendale Park, about four and a half miles
out on the Granny White Pike, and this is his
residence. -
Mr. Litterer has three men on the road in
Kentucky and Tennessee. He does a business
of upwards of $200,000 a year. He is Southern
agent for more than twenty manufacturers of
agricultural implements and machinery, wag-
ons, pumps, etc.; among this number the most
celebrated concerns engaged in that line in the
North and West.
G. W. STOCKELL & Co., wholesale dealers in
seeds and implements, at 159 to 163 North
Market street, are Southern agents for the
MILBURN WAGON Co., of Toledo, Ohio, the
largest manufacturer of light vehicles in the
world. They are successors to the old firm of
Wm. Stockell & Sons, established in 1866,
and they have a business equalled by few,
and excelled by none in their line in the
South.
Their North Market street establishment is
a sample and sales house merely. The bulk of
their stock, and all their surplus lines, are car-
ried in a warehouse they have, situated on the
track of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis
Railway. This warehouse has 60,000 square
feet of floor and will hold about a train load of
wares. It is stocked with agricultural imple-
ments and has in it, always, full lines of the
Milburn Company’s manufactures.
A cash business is done by this house in field
seeds, which, with the Milburn farm wagon,
are its specialties.
Its sales territory comprises, besides Tennes-
see, all the country southeast of the Mississippi .
river. Its annual business, with thirty em-
ployes here, and seven traveling men, is little,
if anything, short of $1,000,000 a year.
The partners in this house are Geo. W.
Stockell and D. C. Scales, of the old house of G.
W. Stockell & Co.; W. J. Bass, late of Cherry,
100
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
Morrow & Co.; C. F. Milburn, president of
the Milburn Wagon Co., and F. F. Ellis.
Mr. Stockell, the head of the house, is a
director of the National Fertilizer Co., of Nash-
ville, and is interested also, by investment, in
other important local projects. Mr. Scales is
the president of the National Fertilizer Co., is
a director of the Commercial National Bank, of
this city, and is one of Nashville's most sub-
stantial business men. Mr. Bass has charge
of the Milburn Wagon Co.'s large branch at
Birmingham, Ala., which is run under the
firm name of W. J. Bass & Co. Mr. Ellis is
credits and office man of the house, and Mr.
Scales its general manager.
W. H. SMITH & BRo:, wholesale druggists
and seedsmen of 311 Broad street, handle
paints and oils also largely. They do a cash
business, exclusively, in seeds with the coun-
try merchants, and in drugs with country
physicians. They receive this stock themselves
in car lots. They also do a very good trade in
cigars, tobacco, toilet articles, fancy goods, etc.
Their specialty is, however, the trade in
paints, oils, garden seeds, and particularly
PHILLIPS, HOOD & Co.'s building.
potato bug poison, the latter largely “Church's
Bug Finish.” This bug poison kills also the
curculio and cotton and tobacco worms, and is,
besides, an excellent fertilizer. It does its
work with one application. It is both power-
ful and safe. It is bought by them in car lots,
and as they have almost the exclusive sale of
it, they have sold in a single year as much as
eighteen or twenty tons of it. They have sold,
indeed, as much as 3,000 pounds of it at retail
in a single day.
Their trade territory proper extends from
here to the western line of the State, and
north as far as Sumner county, a distance of
fifty miles; but they sell largely also in Ala-
bama, Mississippi and Kentucky as well as in
this State. They have been established since
1869, and are well known throughout that
district.
STOVES, HOUSE FURNISHINGS, ETC.
PHILLIPs, Hood & Co., wholesale and retail
dealers in stoves and tinware, queensware,
glassware, lamps and trimmings, woodenware,
etc., at 218 and 220 North College street, have
both a city and State trade. They occupy a
large and imposing building, erected a year or
two ago especially for them, and appointed
throughout in modern fashion. An engraving
on this page shows its external adornment.
It is a place of five floors, 40 x 108 feet, well
lighted and ventilated, and so designed as to
best display their sample stock.
This stock of theirs is of infinite variety. It
embraces lines of cooking and heating stoves
which have reputation throughout the land,
among them the celebrated “Charter Oak”
stoves and ranges and “Vans” wrought steel
ranges; queensware and glassware like Hawi-
land's French China, Johnson Bros.' English
China and Iron Stone, and genuine cut glass-
ware of domestic make and imported; bisque
mantel ornaments, and a variety of wares suit-
able for wedding and holiday presents; lamps
of all kinds and chandeliers; tinware, refriger-
ators and a large assortment of house furnish-
ing goods.
One floor of the house is reserved for the
firm’s manufacturing business, for it is also
engaged as a general contractor for cornice and
roofing work. It has about a dozen workmen
employed in its shop on guttering and general
job work, and many more outside on slate and
metal roofing. Three fine jobs of house work
of this character have lately been completed
under contract by it: The Catholic Church in
South Nashville, the Presbyterian Church on
Waverley place and the elegant residences of


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
101
Mr. M. H. Meeks, of the firm of Pitts & Meeks'
attorneys, situated on McNairy street, and of
W. L. Granbery, also an attorney, which is on
West End avenue, in the west end of the city.
The last named of these is shown in an illustra-
tion of this work.
The firm has four members: W. P. Phillips,
his sons, B. P., and G. L., and W. P. Hood.
Mr. W. P. Phillips is also of the Phillips &
Buttorf Manufacturing Co., large manufac-
turers of stoves, hardware and house furnish-
ing goods here. He has been engaged in that
and other lines of business here since 1869, and
by right of seniority and resources he is the
financial man and general manager of the
business of the house. Mr. B. P. Phillips is
the office and credits man, and Mr. G. L.
Phillips directs the manufacturing and me-
chanical business of the house. Mr. Hood is
buyer for it. He was formerly connected with
the Phillips & Buttorff Manufacturing Co. in a
responsible capacity.
Phillips, Hood & Co. began business in 1889.
WEBB, STEVENson & Co., wholesale and retail
dealers in stoves, tinware, house furnishing
goods, mantels and grates, and manufacturers
of cornice and roofing work, are at 213 North
College street, which is a large five story brick
building, 200 feet deep, situated in the heart of
the city, and stocked throughout with the wares
dealt in by the firm. The fifth floor of this
building is reserved for a shop and factory,
and there seventy-five men are employed on
tin and galvanized iron work, roofing, and the
manufacture of such goods as are carried in
their business.
This establishment has for a number of years
taken the lead here in tin, slate and galvan-
ized iron work, and some of the largest busi-
ness blocks and handsomest residences in the
city, show forth its superiority in this line.
It makes a specialty also of hardwood man-
tels, tile hearths, tile facings and fire-place
supplies. It has a floor set apart for this
department, and here may be seen as hand-
some a display as can be made in the South.
The members of this firm are all young and
self made men. Commencing in business in
1882 with a very small capital, by close atten-
tion to business they have achieved a very
large measure of success. Mr. William H.
Webb has charge of the office and finances.
Mr. C. A. Stevenson looks after the mechanical
department and outside work, and Mr. William
D. Johnson supervises affairs in the sales
rooms of the house.
SMITH & HERRIN, dealers in stoves, tin ware,
crockery, house furnishing and household
goods generally, at 205 Broad street, carry a
$20,000 stock, and sell partly in Nashville and
| ".
r
FEE
*||
si
In
in part through their traveling men in Tennes-
see, $75,000 worth of goods a year. They carry
as large, as complete, as varied and as fine a
stock of the kind as there is in Nashville.
They are direct importers of fine glass and
china, and they buy the other stock they
handle direct from the manufacturers of it.
Their business is increasing right along.
FURNITURE, CARPETS, ETC.
MAN Low E & Co., dealers in carpets, oil cloths,
rugs, mattings, etc., at 231 North Summer
street, are the leading house of that line here.
They have a country as well as city trade, and
are known throughout the length and breadth of
Tennessee. They handle carpets of all grades,
domestic and imported, rugs, mattings, lace
curtains, shades, awnings and awning goods,
in the greatest variety. Their stock, indeed, is
the largest and finest selection of such goods in
Nashville.
This house was established in 1881 by Mr.
P. H. Manlove. He is still sole principal in it,
the “Co.” of the firm name having nominal
significance only. He has been very success-

102
THE CITY OF NASHIVILLE.
ful in business and has acquired other in-
terests here also. He is a director of the Home
Insurance Co., is treasurer of the Board of
Publication of the Cumberland Presbyterian
Church here, is a director of Ward's Seminary,
and is Secretary and one of the Charter
Trustees of the new Union Gospel Tabernacle
Building Association.
HAURY & WHoRLEY, wholesale and retail
dealers in furniture and mattresses at 214 North
College street, have but lately established
themselves, but they have laid in a large and
varied stock valued at $20,000. They occupy a
firm. He has been in the grocery business
here for some years past, and has had consider-
able business experience. Mr. Haury is the
office and credits man of the house.
Mr. Whorley gives the stock and sales his
attention.
RUNDLE & SoN, dealers in furniture, carpets
and house furnishings, at 212 North College
street, make a specialty of fine and medium
grades of furniture, such as is desired by the
best city and country trade. They carry a
large stock and do a fine business both in and
out of town.
Dr. Briggs' RESIDENCE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
place of three floors, 25x120 feet, in which
they carry as complete a stock of goods in their
line as there is in Nashville. They buy direct
from the manufacturers, pay cash for their
stock, and sell as low as any house here, and
their business already meets all their expecta-
tions of it. Both members of the firm give an
undivided attention to the business. Mr.
Haury has been with the cigar and tobacco
house of J. & L. Whorley here for many
years. Mr. F. C. Whorley, his partner in
the house, is a son of Jno. Whorley of that
They have been established in this line since
1886 and they do their share of the business in
this line here. They have ample storage room
for goods, and the display they make of their
stock equals that of any concern of this class in
the State.
FRANK GIVENs, leading dealer in furniture,
mattresses, etc., at No. 228 North College
street, is successor to George Leascher, estab-
lished in this line of business here thirty years
ago. This has long been known as a solid and
reliable house.


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
103
Mr. Givens’ connection with it
began many years ago, when he was
a mere boy. He engaged with it first
at the pittance of a dollar and a half
a week, but by the exercise of those
sturdy qualities for which as a man
he is still noted, he rose through the
various grades of service, after eigh-
teen years, to the ownership of the
business itself.
Under his management and control
the house has attained a foremost
position among the establishments of
its class here. It has reputation for
the fine quality of goods handled by
it, like silk, plush and mohair uphol-
stered parlor suites, and of bed room
and dining room suites and office
furniture of the latest design pro-
duced in the factories. Nowhere in
the South, in fact, can its specialties
of this sort be surpassed.
Mr. Givens' place is a large three story
double brick building, covering 50 by 108 feet
of ground. It affords, therefore, with its six
floors, an area of 32,400 square feet, for the
display of its wares and goods, and all this is
required for the stock usually handled.
Mr. Givens buys and sells for cash generally,
FRANK. Givºns' FURNITURE HOUSE,
and can, therefore, make his prices as low as
any house here. He is an enterprising mer-
chant, and a man of the highest reputation,
M. s. combs & Co.'s PLACE.
and his business grows daily. He has accumu-
lated considerable property here and is rated
with the most substantial business men of the
city.
A cut showing his establishment illustrates
this matter.
M. S. CoMBs & Co., funeral directors and
embalmers and carriage proprietors, at 312 and
314 North Summer street, (M. S. Combs the
Co. of the firm name being nominal merely)
are said to have the largest and most complete
undertaking establishment in the world. Mr.
Combs has lately built for himself a four story
and basement building, 44 x 180 feet, which is
one of the finest in Nashville, both in its
external architecture and interior fittings; and
especially so for the business in which he is
engaged. It is constructed of enduring mate-
rials—brick and stone, plate glass and iron,
and is appointed throughout in modern fashion
with elevators and electric calls, and other con-
veniences.
The basement has a concrete floor, and is
fitted up with stalls for stabling the forty horses
in use. On the street floor is the office, hand-
somely finished in hardwoods, ladies' waiting
rooms and a large assembly room, which will
seat 250 people, and is intended for funeral
services and other purposes of that character.
It is used also to display the coffins, caskets,
and other wares carried in stock. The
remainder of the first floor is used for the car-
riages, hearses and the other funereal para-
phernalia in use. Mr. Combs owns seven fine
hearses and one large funeral car. He runs a



104
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
line of sixteen carriages, not for funerals
only, but for weddings and other special
occasions. These carriages are of the costliest
description.
Mr. Combs is one of the wealthiest residents
and most active business men of Nashville.
He is president of the Nashville Rapid Tan-
ning and Belt Manufacturing Co., and of the
Investment Department of the Life and Matur-
ity Co. of Washington, D.C., and a director
of insurance and other corporations here;
stands high in the secret and benevolent or-
ders of the city, and is both well known and
much esteemed. He owns a handsome resi-
dence here, and a blue grass farm on the
Hyde's Ferry Pike and the Cumberland river,
not far distant from the city, and other real
estate in the city and country.
His fortune has been acquired by years of
thrift and business endeavor. He came here
in 1848. In 1852 he began the publication of
the first evening daily of Nashville, The Eve-
ning News. He had been a newspaper man of
the country before that. In 1854 he abandoned
journalism and went into the livery business.
In 1862 he sold out of that, but he engaged
again in it and in the live stock trade, and also
later in farming, in which lines he continued
until he began in his present vocation, in
1872.
THE SOUTHERN UNDERTAKERS’ SUPPLY Co.,
312 and 314 North Summer street, began busi-
ness in 1882. It has two men on the road in
the Southern States and it does an excellent
business. It has in stock here full lines of
undertakers’ supplies of all kinds, including
coffins, caskets, burial robes, and everything,
in fact, from a tack to a hearse.
M. S. Combs, of M. S. Combs & Co., under-
takers and livery men, is the founder of its
business. His son, J. C. Combs, is its presi-
dent and general manager.
The building occupied by this well known job-
bing house is a four story brick adjoining and
connected with the Combs Building, and form-
ing an “L” thereto, as shown in the engraving
on page 103. It is located immediately
between the Vanderbilt Dental and Law Build-
ing and the Lutheran Church, with its front
and main entrance on the wide alley just north
of Union street between Cherry and Summer.
W. C. ORCHARD, wholesale and retail dealer
in wall papers, window shades, pictures and
frames, mirrors and interior decorations, at
319 Union street, between College and Cherry,
is successor to his father, who was established
in this line in 1876. He has been running the
place himself since 1890.
He carries a stock that fills a four story
place, and has customers in Alabama, Florida,
and Kentucky, as well as in this State. He
makes a specialty of the frame business, and
has about a dozen hands regularly employed
in the manufacture of them.
CoLLIN H. FREEMAN, dealer in wall papers,
window shades, mirrors, pictures and frames,
at 329 Union street, is successor to Freeman &
Co., established in 1840, of which firm Mr.
Freeman’s father was founder. He was him-
self junior member of it before he succeeded to
it in 1887. -
He carries a very large and very varied
stock, and has skilled workmen employed to
execute the contracts he takes for fine interior
decoration, which work is his specialty.
CROSTHwa IT & MUNROE, paper hangers and
interior decorators, and dealers in wall paper,
at 415 and 417 Union street, have executed
numerous large contracts since they estab-
lished themselves, two years or so ago, among
them the interior decorations of the State
Insane Asylum here, the fine country resi-
dence of Duncan B. Cooper, and those of John
A. Pitts, attorney, and John H. Canaday,
wholesale grocer here, together with other of
the most notable mansions of the city.
Mr. Crosthwait, of this firm, is well known
here as formerly an alderman of the city, con-
stable, deputy sheriff and police officer. He
and his partner are both practical workmen
of their line of business themselves, rendered
expert in it by thirty-five years’ experience.
This is the only house in Nashville dealing
exclusively in wall papers. They make a
specialty of fine work, and make every effort
to please their customers.
DRY-GOODS, MILLINERY, ETC.
HERMAN BROs., LINDAUER & Co., Market
street, near Broad, is one of the very largest
concerns in the South. They are, indeed,
equal to three ordinary wholesale houses, for
they carry a complete stock of the three follow-
ing different lines: Dry-goods and notions,
boots and shoes, and hats.
Merchants who trade with this firm are
thoroughly protected in every possible Way.
They guarantee prices to enable their patrons
to compete with any stores in the country,
regardless of how large such stores are Or
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 105
where they buy their goods. By giving this
firm your trade in either of their three lines,
they say, it makes your patronage large and
very desirable, thereby enabling the firm to
give you many advantages in the way of close
prices and also indulgence that you would not
be entitled to if you scattered your purchases
among different houses.
They are building up the largest business
in the South, and carry an extraordinarily
large stock. Strangers coming to Nashville
should visit their establishment, go through
their buildings and see the life and system
of a large wholesale business.
They will take pleasure in showing you
through. It would be profitable for any
country merchant to trade with a concern of
their magnitude, and to be in good credit
and standing with such a firm is undoubtedly
a benefit. They are very progressive mer-
chants, they keep up with all the changes of
the times, and successfully meet competition
from all quarters.
J. S. REEVEs & Co., jobbers of dry goods
and notions, at 106 and 108 Public Square,
Nashville, have been established since 1877.
They occupy a place 50 by 200, and of five
stories and a basement, an engraving of
which illustrates this page. They have
twenty-five employes, and ten men on the
road traversing nearly all the Southern
States.
There are four principals in this house;
J. S. Reeves, J. H. Reeves, G. M. Neely and
Irby Morgan, Jr.
Mr. J. S. Reeves, the senior member of the
firm, has been actively engaged in business
here since 1865. He was originally in the
commission business as one of the firm of
Herriford, Reeves & Co., and was afterwards
a member of the firm of Holland, Murry
& Co. He established the business of the
house of J. S. Reeves & Co., with others,
under the firm name of White, Hanley &
Co., to which Hanley, Reeves & Co. suc-
ceeded. J. S. Reeves & Co. succeeded them
four years ago. Mr. Reeves is president of
the NAshvi L.LE TRUNK MANUFACTURING Co.,
and is manager of the financial business of
that concern, as well as of the house of J. S.
Reeves & Co.
Mr. J. H. Reeves of the firm is his son. He
is buyer for the house of J. S. Reeves & Co.
and is general manager of its business. Mr.
Neely has charge of the sales of the house, and
Mr. Morgan of the office which the house
maintains at Birmingham, Ala., where a full
line of samples of the stock of the house is
carried.
Jos. FRANKLAND & Co., wholesale and retail
dealers in and importers of dry goods, notions,
clothing, laces, ladies' and gents’ furnishings,
etc., at 311 North College street, carry a stock
worth, usually, $150,000, and have sales aggre-
J. S. REEVES & Co., WHOLESALE DRY GOODS.
gating $350,000 a year. They employ about
forty persons, three of them traveling sales-
men, traversing Tennessee and the States adja-
cent. They have been established since 1858,
have been engaged here—the war excepted–
continuously since, and they have a large
branch house also at Murfreesboro, Tenn.
They occupy a large place on College street

106
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
here, divided into departments as follows:
First floor, for the general dry goods and no-
tions trade; second, for wholesale specialties;
third, wholesale staples. They manufacture
the cheaper grades of clothing suitable for the
country trade, and are agents for a number of
mills and other manufacturers, notably for
“Duke’s” sheetings, “Rock Town” cotton
plaids, “Golden Fleece” jeans, “Fruit of Ten-
nessee’’ jeans, “Esther” double-bone corsets,
etc. They have a remarkably large assortment
of dress goods and silks, ribbons, trimmings,
gloves, hosiery, domestics, white goods; in fact,
are full to repletion in every department.
The “Co.” of this firm name is nominal
merely. Mr. Frankland is sole proprietor.
He came to Nashville in 1856. He was a cap-
tain of cavalry during the war and shared in
the successes and reverses of the Southern arms
at Fishing Creek, Shiloh, and other engage-
ments, and he was more than once commended
for gallantry. He has been quite successful
as a merchant and has accumulated quite a
property, and he has business interests besides
those described. He is a director of the Com-
mercial National Bank and a stockholder in
other Nashville enterprises.
TINSLEY BRos. & GILBERT's estabishment,
“The Cash House,” as it is called, occupies a
three-story brick building at 209 Broad street.
They handle dry goods, notions, millinery,
clothing, shoes, hats, and gents’ furnishing
goods, and carry the largest and most com-
plete stock to be found in this part of the city.
This firm began business at their present
location January 1, 1889. They have pushed
their business rapidly and thoroughly, and
have increased their sales from the nominal
figure at which they began, to an aggregate of
about $100,000 a year.
They are known throughout the country as
the “Cash House,” because no goods are sold
by them at retail to any one on a credit.
While they do principally a retail business,
yet their wholesale trade is growing steadily
also. They sell mostly to merchants who visit
the market often, and most of whom pay spot
cash. And, while the bills sold in this way
are not so large as they might be on credit, yet
they give their customers, by this system, the
benefit of the lowest market price, and fre-
Quently undersell the largest jobbing houses,
for they travel no salesmen, and are thus at
less expense in conducting their wholesale
department.
Their millinery department deserves espe-
cial notice. They are the pioneers in this line
of business in their part of the city, and their
efforts have met with unusual success in this
particular branch.
They have a large trade among the farmers,
and their house is headquarters for the “mar-
keters,” a class of buyers who work up the
trade thoroughly in all parts of the country,
from seventy-five to one hundred miles around
Nashville. Indeed, it is said that this firm has
the largest “marketers’’’ trade of any house
in the city in their line of business.
Their house is always filled with the choicest
goods that can be found in the Eastern mar-
kets. And, operating on the cash system, they
can give their customers bargains which no
credit house can duplicate. They strive to do
an honorable, legitimate business, and have
little trouble in meeting all competition.
The principals in this firm are E. F. Tinsley,
P. J. Tinsley and W. J. Gilbert, all young men
and thoroughly up in their business; with sev-
eral years’ experience, in fact, in the dry goods
trade. While each has his special depart-
ments to look after, they all combine their
experience and judgment for the general ad-
vancement of their business interests.
They employ six salesmen, besides the girls
in their millinery department.
GREENSPAN & MIHALOVITs, wholesale dealers
in notions and fancy goods, at 110 Public
Square, have been established now about seven
years. They supply many of the retail dealers
of the city, and of the country districts of the
State. Their stock is large and varied, espe-
cially so in the line of fine laces, embroideries,
clothing, dress goods and notions.
The partners are natives of the city, and
were bred to the business here. Mr. Green-
span does the buying for the house and Mr.
Mihalovits attends to the office work.
CoIIEN, CoLLIER & Co., jobbers of hosiery,
linens, clothing, etc., at 222 Public Square, are
successors to L. Cohen & Co. and to their
predecessors, Lewis & Cohen, established in
1883. They occupy a large four story building
corner of College street and Public Square, and
have it stocked throughout with the various
lines they handle. They have trade in all the
Southern States, chiefly, however, in Ten-
nessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and
Rentucky. They have several men on the
road selling for them.
The principals in this house are, L. Cohen,
one of the original firm, M. Teitlebaum and A.
Collier. Mr. Cohen was formerly in business
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE
107
in New York. He has been a merchant of the
city for the past six years. Mr. Teitlebaum
was bookkeeper for the house prior to 1890, in
which year lie acquired his interest. He is the
office man of the firm. Mr. Collier was for-
merly a merchant of Jamestown, Tenn. He
is buyer for the house. Mr. Cohen looks after
the sales and gives the business general super-
vision. - 4.
HILL’s MILLINERY BAZAAR, 408 Union street,
is a large two story establishment stocked
throughout with fine goods of a single line—
millinery only, which is its specialty. It has
about 20 employes, and the largest State trade
of any house here.
Its proprietor, Mr. P. H. Hill, has been in
the business since he was 12 years old. He
has been established here six years. He has
his representative buyers in New York City
and other principal Eastern centers of the
trade.
DISMUKES & Co., wholesale dealers in hats and
straw goods, at 214 Public Square, is the oldest
house of its line in Nashville, and the largest
also. It was established in 1871, carries a
$50,000 stock, and has sales everywhere in the
trade territory of Nashville to the amount of
$150,000, all told, a year. It has six men on
the road.
It carries full lines of men's and boys' straw
goods and the latest novelties in ladies’ and
misses’ trimmed hats. Goods are manu-
factured by it to order, and case lots shipped
direct from the factory. It has a New York
office at 610 to 618 Broadway.
J. L. Dismukes, the senior member of the
firm, is the founder of the business. He was
the first man, in fact, who established a job-
bing house of this kind here. He has had
Several partners since he began, but has always
been the managing man. His brother, W.
M. Dismukes, has an interest in the house with
him. J. L. is buyer and general manager of
the business of the house and W. M. the office
man. J. L. is a director also of the Capital
City Bank of Nashville.
BOOTS AND SHOEs, FINDINGs, ETC.
RICHARDSON BROTHERs & Co., wholesale
dealers in boots and shoes at 112 Public Square,
have been established since 1875. They have
eight men on the road, and with a $100,000
Stock usually carried, do a business, in Tennes-
See, Alabama, Southern Kentucky, Georgia,
Florida and Mississippi, of a half million dol-
lars in sales a year.
No jobbing shoe house in the city, in fact,
has a larger or better trade. Mr. Edwin Rich-
ardson, of this firm, is a member of the City
Council of Nashville and is one of the directors
of the Commercial National Bank. He came
here immediately after the war, in which he
had seen hard service as a captain of artillery,
and participated in the hot engagements of
Shiloh, Chickamauga, Kennesaw Mountain
and the siege of Atlanta. His brother and
partner, Mr. James B. Richardson, is one of
the directors of the Commercial Club, the
principal organization of the business men of
the city, and also of the Mechanics' Savings
Bank and Trust Company. Both brothers are
property owners and investors in stock com-
panies and other concerns of Nashville.
WALTER WINSTEAD, dealer in fine boots and
shoes at 508 Church street, does a wholesale
and retail business, both ; retail, however,
chiefly. He is successor to W. W. Winstead &
Son, established in 1865. He makes a specialty
of James A. Bannister's men’s fine shoes and
Curtis & Wheeler’s ladies’ fine shoes, for which
he is sales agent here.
McCAFFERTY & MUNCH, dealers in hides,
leather and shoe findings, at 177 North Market
street, are successors to Geo. Lumsden, estab-
lished in 1886. They bought Lumsden out on
January 1, 1891, and occupy the same place he
did, a large four story building specially
appointed for wholesale trade. They handle
everything carried by the large houses of their
line, and supply with leather and shoe find-
ings, besides most of the city shoe and harness
trade, a very large country patronage.
Mr. McCafferty has been a resident of Nash-
ville for twenty-seven years. He was with
S. W. Keys here for years before he went into
business on his own account. Mr. Munch
was a butcher of the city before they entered
into this partnership, and is still engaged in
that line at Cedar and Morgan streets.
JEWELRY AND FANCY GOODS.
THE B. H. STIER JEWELRY Co., JAMEs B.
CARR, manager, is represented in this work by
an advertisement on the inside front cover.
as well as by this notice. This is a house with
a history that calls forth some reflections.
The most successful, most extensive and
most substantial manufacturing and commer-
108
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
cial enterprises of our day have grown from
Small beginnings. If there are any exceptions
to this rule, they are so few in number as to be
scarcely worth counting. The young and
enterprising business man whose career is only
commencing, notes, with peculiar interest, the
steps of those who, going before him, have
attained the success for which he is striving.
For him, the story of the men of his own time
has an interest far transcending the record of
the centuries past.
The B. H. STIEF JEWELRy Co. of Nashville,
is a Conspicuous illustration of this truth.
The following outline sketch of its rise and
progress will, therefore, be found by many
both instructive and interesting.
In 1857, Union street, from College to Mar-
ket, was a street gone to seed. Its business
houses, constructed in days when Nashville
was little more than an overgrown village,
were dark little dens, old, dingy and dilapi-
dated. The more enterprising dealers had
moved into new buildings on other streets,
built in accordance with modern ideas, and
only those remained to whom cheap rents were
a prime consideration.
Among this number, and in one of the
Smallest stores, there was located a watch-
maker and jeweler named T. G. Goltz, who
employed as his assistant a young man named
B. H. Stief. The two were all that were
needed for the demands of the very moderate
business, until 1861. During that year the
war began. Mr. Goltz was among the number
of those who found it best to get away from
Nashville. Going in haste he left his affairs
in the hands of his assistant, who took charge
of and continued the business during the
stormy but not altogether unprofitable years
which followed. When the “unpleasantness”
was over, Mr. Goltz came back to Nashville,
but it was only to sell out lock, stock and
barrel. Mr. Stief became proprietor, and
with redoubled energy began to throw his
personality into the business. Success
attended his efforts. Competitors, having
every advantage were many and active, but
gradual yet steady growth and increasing
prosperity attended the little Union street
house. Friends and customers were attracted
in increasing numbers, larger stocks, more
variety and a finer class of goods were
demanded. A removal to larger quarters
became an absolute necessity.
With a degree of wisdom not always dis-
played under similar circumstances, Mr. Stief
held fast to the locality where good fortune
had first found him. In 1880 he purchased
and demolished an old building only two or
three doors away, and on its site erected a
new one unsurpassed for beauty by any house
of its size built that year. Towering above its
dingy and dwarfish neighbors, it marked the
beginning of a new era in the history of Union
street. But the prospering business very soon
outgrew its new quarters, and, in 1885, adjoining
property was bought, and another old store
house demolished, and replaced by a handsome,
modern building. The two were thrown into
one, having double frontage and double floor
space. The interior was finished in the most
elegant manner, entirely refurnished and re-
fitted. Every modern invention and appliance
calculated to facilitate the working of business
was introduced without regard to cost, and the
result is a house which is the pride of the city,
which commands business from all parts of
Tennessee, and whose power is felt in Ken-
tucky, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and
Texas as well.
We have said, in passing, that the enterprise
of Mr. Stief was the prime factor in the almost
entire reconstruction of that section of Union
street. Following his example, property own-
ers began to tear down and rebuild, or else to
improve and remodel their old buildings. So
that to-day the retreating wave of traffic which
seemed to have left the locality high and dry,
has returned with increased power and volume.
No busier square is to be found in Nashville.
Mr. Stief was not only noted for his courteous,
obliging and just dealings with his customers,
but the same qualities were displayed toward
the employes of the house. The result was
that changes in the personnel of the house were
very few. Retaining their positions for terms
of five to fifteen years, each man became
identified with the house to a degree which is
unusual; consequently, when the Sudden
death of Mr. Stief made it necessary that the
business with all its interests should be sold,
in order to settle the estate, the administrator
had little difficulty in finding a purchaser. All
that the new proprietor had to do was simply
to reorganize the house under a new title which
should perpetuate the name of its founder,
re-engage all the acting force, and let the
business go on without a suspension of a day.
MR. JAMEs B. CARR, who began his connec-
tion with the house in 1875, as an apprentice,
and who, growing up under the direct care of
the proprietor, was thoroughly at home in
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE.
109
every department, was chosen as manager,
and has made it his business to carry out the
policy of Mr. Stief, making no change, save in
the way of enlargement and improvement. A
larger stock is carried, and more fine and rare
goods handled, than formerly.
The present working force consists of six
watchmakers; by name, R. Kearenaar, Charles
Bostelman, Ed. L. White, F. B. Heathcote,
A. H. Wenning and Hugo Schmidt.
Four jewelers—Fred. Bostleman, John Gwin-
ner, Albert Faller and Will. Wolfe.
Two engravers—H. P. Norman and J. H.
Montgomery.
One specialist on plain gold rings exclusive-
ly—E. B. Pendleton. -
in their several lines; artisans, in fact, whose
Superiors are probably not to be found any
where.
What kinds of goods does the B. H. Stief
Jewelry Co. sell? Everything you can think
of which legitimately belongs to the jewelry
business. Watches of the finest makes for
people who want and will have nothing but
the very best. And also watches for every day
wear in endless variety.
Diamonds in magnificent array. Decorative
Jewelry suited to every possible occasion.
Clocks ready to run till time shall end.
Bronzes, onyx tables, vases, lamps, etc.
Wedding and birthday gifts are a specialty
of the house. Novelties rich and rare are con-
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B. H. STIEF JEWELRY CO.'s PLACE.
Two Salesmen (exclusively)—Messrs. H.
M. Brennecke and W. H. Selph; and four
of the watchmakers, having their working
tables on the ground floor, are also experienced
and efficient salesmen, so that including the
manager, Mr. Carr, there is practically a force
of eight men in the sales department.
In the Office will be found Mr. N. H. Pohl-
man, cashier and correspondent, with Mr. N.
P. Yeatman, book-keeper.
Miss Lula Wolfe assisting in the care of the
Stock, a messenger and two porters, make up
a total of twenty-three regular workers in the
house. In the busy winter holiday season
this force is largely augmented.
Most of the men above named are experts
stantly being added to the stock. A veritable
Museum of Art, indeed, is the B. H. STIEF
JEWELRY HOUSE, JAMEs B. CARR, manager, 208
and 210 Union street, Nashville.
W. T. GATEs, Jeweler, of 300 and 302 North
College street, corner of Union, is proprietor
of the oldest establishment of the jewelry
trade in Nashville, one of the oldest business
houses of any sort, in fact, in the city. It was
established in 1835, and he has been with it as
employe or principal since 1854. He has been
a partner in it since 1864 and sole proprietor
since 1886.
He carries as large a stock of diamonds,
Watches, jewelry, clocks, silver and silver-
plated ware as there is in town, and has expert


















11()
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
workmen employed for watch repairing and
jewelry manufacture. He is the only manu-
facturer of silver ware here. His workshop
JESSE FRENCH PIANO & ORGAN CO, "S PLACE.
is on the third floor of the building he occu-
pies. His salesrooms on the ground floor are
elegantly fitted up.
MUSIC AND BOOK HOUSES, ETC.
THE JEssº FRENCH PIANo AND ORGAN Co.,
240 and 242 North Summer street, is one of the
largest concerns of the kind in the United
States. It has a half million dollars paid up
capital, and branch houses in St. Louis, Little
Rock, Ark., Memphis and Birmingham, Ala.,
as well as in this city. It has seventy-five
employes, and thirty-five traveling men. It
was founded here in 1872 by MR. JESSE FRENCH,
a resident of this city. He is president of the
company. It was incorporated in 1887, the
better to continue the large business which
had been developed by good management
during the fifteen years preceding.
This company has lately built here a large
brick building, which has, perhaps, the
handsomest front in Nashville. It is all iron,
steel and plate glass, and the largest sheets of
plate glass yet put up in Nashville are in this
front. This building is five stories high, and
has a basement; its floors have an area of
15,750 square feet; it is finished in hard woods;
has elevators and all modern improvements.
This company handles here all the standard
makes of pianos and organs. It usually has in
stock at this house alone two hundred instru-
ments, chiefly Hardman, Steinway & Sons,
New England, Chickering & Sons and Vose &
Sons pianos, and Storey & Clark, Jesse French,
Mason & Hamlin, Packard, and other first-
class organs.
Mr. French, president of the company, was
raised here, and has been a resident of the
city since 1836. He was for many years Acting
Secretary of State. To his efforts the success
of the company is largely due. Mr. John
Lumsden, vice-president of the company, is a
resident and capitalist of St. Louis. Mr. O. A.
Field, secretary and treasurer, is manager of
the St. Louis house, which is at 902 Olive street
in that city.
D. H. BALDw1N & Co., dealers in pianos and
organs at Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Louis-
ville, have a branch house also here, situated
at 517 Church Street. It was established in
1886 and is managed by P. D. CARR, who has
had something like twenty-five years’ experi-
ence in the piano and organ trade, fifteen
years of that with this one house.
The place occupied by this house here is
shown in an engraving on this page. It is a
building 50 by 150 feet and of three stories,
in which a display is made as fine as any house
in the South can show, of pianos and organs of
standard makes.
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BALDWIN & CO., PIANOS.
The specialties of the house are, however,
chiefly manufactured for it, viz., the “Baldwin’’









THE CITY OF NASH VILLE. 111
piano, made by it at Cincinnati, and the
“Hamilton” organs, made at Chicago. These
are instruments of the very first grade, but be-
sides them the house handles “Decker Bros.,”
“Haynes Bros.,” “J. & C. Fischer” and
“Schubert” pianos; and organs of the “J.
Estey” and “Storey & Clark” manufacture.
This house has 40 salesmen traversing its
trade territory.
W. S. DUCKworTH & Co., of 217 North
Cherry street, are book-sellers and stationers,
and dealers in periodicals and fancy goods;
their establishment is one of the representative
book concerns of the South. Personally the
principal in this house, Mr. W. S. Duck-
books are not handled. Considerable atten-
tion is paid to school books and school
stationery. The stationery stock of the house
is complete. Buyers can get any quality of pa-
per desired, whether of imported or American
make, linens, bonds, plate finished, etc., of all
sizes and kinds. In the periodical department
all the papers and magazines, both foreign and
domestic, are on hand. Messrs. Duckworth &
Co. represent the different publishers of this
class and subscriptions for all periodicals are
taken at publishers’ prices.
In the holiday season it is a treat to view
the immense stock and varied styles of fancy
goods which Messrs. Duckworth & Co. have on
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W. S. DUCKWORTH & Co.'s BOOK STORE AND TICRET OFFICE.
Worth, is wide awake and progressive in
all things. He is noted for his activity as a
business man and liberality as a citizen, as one
in fact, ready at all times to assist personally
and financially any and all enterprises promis-
ing good to Nashville.
Mr. Duckworth entered the book store of R.
H. Singleton as a clerk in September, 1865.
He left Mr. Singleton and opened a small news
stand for himself in August, 1873. Since then
he has made a steady advancement and to-day
he has the handsomest book store in the
Country, North or South. This is the opinion
of all who visit his store.
The book department in his establishment
embraces miscellaneous and school books. Law
exhibition and one can spend hours in enjoy-
ing the sight. They make it a point to have
their holiday exhibition ready on Thanksgiv-
ing day.
There is still another branch of business in
which Mr. Duckworth has achieved success;
it is as a railroad ticket broker and steamship
agent. This is a business the public knows
little of, except that it can buy cheaper rail-
road tickets of Messrs. Duckworth & Co., than
at the regular railroad offices; therefore, those
who want to bring some poor relative from
Hamburg, Havre, Liverpool, or any other
European port to Nashville or its vicinity, go to
Duckworth and he issues them a ticket from
that European point to Nashville, so that the











































































































































































112
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
person the ticket is for will have no trouble
about rebuying tickets, etc., en route. Similarly
this plan is followed by those here who wish
to go to Europe. Mr. Duckworth is one of the
oldest members of the American Ticket
Brokers Association. He assisted at its organ-
ization in 1879.
HUNTER & WELBURN, book-sellers and sta-
tioners, of 314 North Market street, do both a
wholesale and a retail business. They carry a
$25,000 stock, have men on the road selling for
them in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and
Kentucky, and do a business of $100,000 in
sales a year. They have been established since
1865, originally, as McFerrin, Hunter & Com-
pany, then as Hunter & Warren, who were
predecessors to Hunter & Welburn,
Mr. Hunter has been a resident of Nashville
since 1845, and been engaged for the most part
since in the book trade. He travels for the
house when not otherwise employed. Mr.
Welburn is office and credits man, and buyer
for it.
This house carries the most complete line of
books, stationery and job printers’ supplies to
be found south of the Ohio.
The WHEELER PUBLISHING Co. of 219 Cherry
street, was established in 1862 and incorpor-
ated in 1884, and has $60,000 capital. A. J.
Wheeler is its president; A. S. Hard, secre-
tary and treasurer. It is one of the largest
book and stationery houses of the South. It
handles books of all sorts, and a general line
of stationery and fancy goods. It is also the
publisher of the Southwestern Journal of Edu-
cation, which has a very large circulation
throughout the South and Southwest. It has
two men on the road, and does a business of
nearly $100,000 a year.
The business of this house was established
by Chas. Allen, but it has prospered most
under the administration of Mr. Wheeler. He
began with it nearly thirty years ago. He is
general manager of its affairs. Mr. Hard is
the office and credits man of the firm.
MISCELLANEOUS CONCERN.S.
F. H. STICKLEY & Co., dealers in sewing
machines, “Domestic” and “Bazaar,’’ dress
patterns, birds, poultry and dogs, at 210 North
Summer street, have been established in that
line here since 1877. Mr. F. H. Stickley is the
managing partner; his associate in the busi-
ness, Mr. J. W. Lovell, is a steamboat owner
of the Cumberland river, and is not actively
identified with the conduct of the house.
The sewing machine specialties of the house
are the “New Home,” “Domestic,” “Stand-
ard,” and “Household,” the most popular
machines for household use of to-day. Mr.
Stickley is selling agent here for them, and has
always on hand a stock of them, new and old.
He also keeps up with the changes of style
and fashion in the pattern department of his
business.
His stock of animals and pets embraces sing-
ing birds, talking parrots, fancy pigeons, dogs
of various breeds, cages and supplies.
The NASHVILLE ELECTRIC TIME AND ADVER-
TISING Co. is an incorporated company with a
capital of $10,000. Its office is at 66 and 68
Cole Building. It was organized in 1884, to
furnish, at a nominal charge, the standard
time of the National Observatory, Washington,
D. C., by electrical indicators, supplied its
subscribers (and, incidentally, to do an adver-
tising business), each subscriber to have in
his own office (or residence) a time regulator
equal to that of any jeweler.
It is patronized by railroads, steamboats,
public institutions, business houses, public
Schools, and places of amusement. The com-
pany is now prepared to furnish what are
known as self-winding clocks, from nine-inch
dials to town and city clocks, requiring no
winding, and synchronized by electricity.
This is a new achievement in the electrical
line. It is a saving in expense, space and
labor, with assurance, also, of the most reliable
time.
The ELECTROPOIs E, an instrument for the
generation and transmission of thermal elec-
tricity, has now been applied for the cure of
the numerous ills the flesh is heir to, for three
and a half years. It was first successfully used
during the yellow fever epidemic at Jackson-
ville, Fla., and since has been introduced all
over the land.
It originated at Birmingham, Ala. A com-
pany was organized there and at New Orleans
to manufacture and sell it, and lately the head-
Quarters of this company have been removed
to the city of Birmingham, because of its cen-
tral location.
This company has for its officers JoHN N.
WEBB, a resident of Washington, D. C., gem-
eral manager and president; W. B. Redman,
manager of Bradstreet’s Commercial Agency,
at New Orleans, Vice-president; G. C. Arring-
ton, of Birmingham, Ala., secretary and treas-
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
113
urer; J. E. Du Bois, W. C. Ruffin, G. C.
Arrington, W. B. Redmond, Hon. Boling
Williams, and John N. Webb, directors.
DU BoIS & WEBB, 56 and 58 Cole Building,
are sales agents for the company here.
are also large stockholders in it. Mr. Du Bois
and Mr. Webb were the prime movers in the
organization of the company. W. W. Little-
john, cashier of the First National Bank of
Decatur, Ala., is also interested in the com-
pany, which is capitalized for $1,000,000. -
President Webb, of this company, is now in
London, England, for the purpose of establish-
ing there a headquarters for the company’s
sales of foreign territory, and also a manufac-
tory at Paris, France, so that the law of the
latter country in relation to patented articles
may be complied with. The product of this
Paris factory will be used to supply the com-
pany’s foreign trade in general.
For further particulars and circulars, Du Bois
& Webb, 56 and 58 Cole Building, Nashville,
Tennessee, should be addressed.
DoRIDER & SIDEBOTTON are managers of
GERDING & Co’s Ice Cream parlors, 513 Church
street, occupying a three story building in a
most central location, half a block from the
Maxwell House, and not far from the Vendome
Theater.
This place is elegantly fitted up and is
thoroughly appointed for the business. It has
electric fans for summer ventilation and
steam heat in winter.
Manufacture is carried on in this establish-
ment by means of a gas engine. . Although the
house has been but three years or so estab-
lished, it supplies at least 90 per cent of the
trade here with its goods, and it has no rival
Worthy the name. It is a manufacturer of ice
Creams and ices of all kinds, punches, cakes,
etc., and during the winter months supplies
Oysters, cocoa, chocolate and hot lunches at all
hours. Its specialty is, however, supplying
the materials complete for weddings, banquets,
festivals, and other social occasions, including
silverware, decorations and everything
required, at short notice. Estimates will be
given beforehand if desired.
Messrs. Dorider and Sidebotton are young
but long experienced men in this business.
Mr. Sidebotton has been in it from his youth.
He does the catering and supervises all the
manufacturing details. Mr. Dorider is the
office man and financial manager. He has
been engaged in the business for the last five
years.
They
S. RITTER, merchant tailor, of 209 Church
street, is assisted in the management of his
business by his son, Wm. T. Ritter, who is
One of the most accomplished cutters and
drapers of the South. He has had the advan-
tage of training for his trade at the celebrated
Rouvel Institute in New York City.
This is one of the leading tailoring concerns
of Nashville. A large and varied assortment
of fine goods is carried by it in stock, and, in
its specialty, fine dress suits, it does work
equal to any executed in the land.
E. E. ACTON, merchant tailor, of 170 North
Cherry street, the American Building, has
been located here about four years. He hails
Originally from Baltimore. He has a first
class reputation as a tailor, and enjoys a
first rate trade. He handles a great deal of
imported goods, and has, chiefly, a fashionable
city trade.
JoE P. OSBORN & Co., merchant tailors, of
239 North Summer street, have the fashionable
trade of this city and its vicinity. They are
direct importers of fine woolens and cassi-
meres, and are employers of skilled cutters
and other fine workmen only. Mr. Osborn,
who supervises the business personally, is
himself an expert tailor. His partner, N. C.
Collier, is a resident and merchant of Mur-
freesboro, in this State, is the owner of a large
stock farm near there, and is a director of the
First National Bank of that city.
Osborn & Co. make a specialty of fine dress
and wedding suits. They employ about thirty
hands. •
W. G. & A. J. T.H.Uss, photographers of the
McGavock block, 230 North Cherry street,
have reputation as the most skilful photo-
graphic and portrait artists of Nashville. They
have the patronage, therefore, of most of the
fashionable people of this city and its vicinity.
But they also get a great many orders from
the country, chiefly for enlargements and
other work of that character. They have
artists employed for crayon, pastel and oil
work, and have every facility for executing
their art in first class style. They employ
more persons than any other establishment of
the kind here.
Mr. W. G. Thuss has been in the business
twenty years; his brother, A. J., twelve.
Both are thoroughly practical photographers,
and they give personal supervision to the Work
entrusted them.
Many of the cuts illustrating this work were
made from views taken by this firm.
114 THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
R. PoolE, photographer, of 240 North Cherry
street, corner of Union, has been established
since 1860, and has some 50,000 negatives on
hand. He does work for people resident in all
Hºſtillºutºſºl
parts of the South. He employs half a dozen
artists—retouchers, operators, etc. His special-
ties are life size portraits in ink or crayon,
and pastel and water color work.
CONFEDERATE MONUMENT IN MT. OLIVET CEMETERY, NASH VILLE, TENN,



THE MANUFACTURES OF NASHVILLE.
A WONDERFUL GROWTH s
come now in the course
of our survey of Nash-
ville, the center of
trade, to a considera-
tion of its manufactur-
ing industries and con-
cerns, in which, as we
saw at the outset, the
city has been making
wonderful progress in
the course of the last
decade.
The subject will be all the clearer,
if we repeat what was said at the
& start, viz.: the census of 1880 gave
Nashville an aggregate manufactured product
for that year of $8,597,278, which product was
the output of 268 establishments, employing
3,815 persons and $3,892,380 of capital, paying
$1,312,765 in wages, and consuming materials
to the value of $5,312,765 during the year.
The census reports of 1890, concerning this
matter, are not available, but the newspaper
estimates of the condition of the city that year,
in the matter of its manufactures, are suf-
ficiently reliable for all practical purposes.
According to the press of the city Nashville
now has 600 manufacturing concerns, employ-
ing 13,000 persons, and producing a grand ag-
gregate of thirty odd millions of finished ma-
terial.
The estimate of a manufacturing growth as a
whole equal to 350 per cent, is not considered
here an exaggerated one. At this rate the
manufacturers of the city employ about
$13,000,000 of capital in the business, pay in
Wages between four and five millions a year
and consume raw materials to the aggregate
value of $18,500,000.
TEIE INDUSTRIES PURSUED.
VARIETY is a distinguishing characteristic of
Nashville's manufactures. Hardly a line of
production peculiar to the South but can be
found represented by an establishment here.
It is, of course, most of note for its saw and
planing mills and manufactures of wood work,
for its iron works, cotton and flouring mills
and saddlery factories, but something like 70
different industries of a manufacturing char-
acter are enumerated as established here.
Some of these industries, however—some
that have extra importance now—had scarcely
an existence ten years ago. And all those of
most importance have had a remarkable
development within the decade just past.
From an analysis of the newspaper statistics
we obtain the following facts: The most
notable lines in their order (grouping the pro-
ductive industries of the city in simple form),
are manufactures of wood work (building
material chiefly), employing capital to the
extent of $1,750,000 and about a third of the
operatives of all sorts; iron works with aggre-
gate capital of $1,500,000, largely employing
labor also ; manufactures of cotton fabrics,
clothing, etc., with $1,450,000 capital and a host
of employes; printing, binding and publishing
concerns, with $800,000 capital; wagon and
agricultural implement works, $625,000 capital;
distillers, brewers, bottlers, etc., $600,000
capital; cracker factories, $325,000 capital;
harness and other manufactures of leather,
$305,000 capital; and fertilizers, $135,000
capital. But taking into consideration the
enlarged facilities for the milling of flour
afforded by several very large new flouring
mills, it would appear that this industry must
shortly, if it does not already, head the list of
Nashville’s manufactures in the capital
embarked in it, and the value of its annual
product or sales.
SOME III,USTRATIONS.
To illustrate this matter of Nashville’s manu-
factures, some figures may be taken at random
from the newspaper statistics. There is
embarked in manufactures of woodenware,
like spokes and handles, cooperage, household
articles, etc., no less than $685,000 capital; in
cornice and other metal work and manufac-
tures of tinware, $600,000; in distilling, brew-
ing, bottling, ice making, etc., $600,000; in
brick and tile making, pottery, marble and
other stone work and cognate lines, $670,000;
and the equivalent of capital invested in rail-
road shops is $325,000.

116
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
To illustrate this point of Nashville's impor-
tance as a manufacturing center further, we
may instance some large concerns of the city.
Among others, the Nashville Lumber Manu-
facturing Co., employing 125 hands; Prewitt,
Spurr & Co., lumber and woodenware manu-
facturers, 200 to 300 hands; the Terry Manu-
facturing Co., office furniture and fittings, 130
hands; the “E. & N.” Manufacturing Co., in
the same line, 300 hands; the Nashville Spoke
and Handle Co., 100 hands, and trade in every
part of the country clear to the Pacific; the
Pulcher & Dyas Brick Co., 150 hands; the
Singer and National Fertilizer companies, 50
hands each, and at least a half million of
business between them; the Tennessee Cotton
Oil Co., with 10,000 tons seed capacity a
season, and 60 hands; the Kemker-Woolwine
and Grubbs' Cracker companies, doing from
$200,000 to $250,000 business a year; the Belle
Meade Tobacco Factory, 50 hands; the Rankin
Manufacturing Co., cheap clothing, 150 hands.
Several new flour mills; among them, the new
“Liberty” (of 1,500 barrels daily capacity) and
the “Model” mills, hereinafter noticed; the
Phillips & Buttorff Manufacturing Co., the
largest stove founders of the South; the
Adams & Price Machine Works; Tennessse
Manufacturing Co., wagons; and Nashville
Saddlery Co., and a number of those herein-
after sketched at length in this chapter.
Besides these, two concerns of extraordinary
importance have their headquarters at Nash-
ville—the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co.
(which, with $10,000,000 paid-up capital, and
aSSets, consisting of coal and iron mines,
furnaces, etc., in Tennessee and Alabama, to
the value of $20,000,000, is the largest concern
of the kind in the land), and the Southern
Iron Co. (which employs 2,000 hands in a
similar business, and has sales of its product
in the millions every year).
One Nashville concern makes nearly 20,000
wagons a year; the output of the stove factory
of which we have spoken is 40,000 a year. The
capital invested in furniture manufacture at
Nashville, $500,000, shows an increase of at
least 100 per cent in ten years. The product of
the ice factories of the city is 160 tons daily;
there are four large soap factories making a
Specialty of fine goods; several hundred
people are employed in the manufacture of
harness and saddles, trunks, and other leather
goods, where a few years ago there was hardly
an establishment—there are, indeed, 150 hands
employed at trunk making alone, and three
tanneries supported by the local trade—worthy
the name; and the five large flour mills of the
city give it facilities that make it the first
milling center of the South.
MANU FACTURING ADVANTAGES.
THE special favors enjoyed by Nashville for
manufacturing growth may be summed up as
follows: " . . -
First, it has available in abundance the raw
materials most in demand for the ordinary in-
dustries, iron, timber and cotton. There are
two great iron fields in the State of Tennessee,
the Eastern and the Western. The latter lies.
at the very gates of the city; it is an extensive
Supply and the metal made from its ores has
been demonstrated equal to any charcoal iron
in the world, and besides this and the greater
field of the eastern part of the State, Alabama.
has a supply practically unlimited. Adjacent.
Rentucky and Virginia are also rich in iron
ores with coal in juxtaposition; and Nash-
ville, as the largest city in all this region,
should, in the natural course of events, profit
most by the manufacturing development which
proceeds usually, side by side with the produc-
tion of the ores.
These same iron mountains of Eastern Ten-
nessee and Kentucky, Southwest Virginia and
of Alabama, are full also of coal, and their
sides are clothed with what is perhaps the
greatest of the last remaining hardwood forest
areas of the land. Herein lies also another
source of enrichment for the city.
It seems scarcely necessary here to make
more than a passing allusion to the fact that
Nashville is in the midst of the cotton region
of the country. Its spinners enjoy thus all
the advantages that proximity to the fields
affords.
Favor number two is, that very important
consideration, a fuel supply. Not to speak of
its own State, and the Alabama fields, Ken-
tucky and Virginia are at hand from which to
draw manufacturing coals of almost every con-
ceivable quality or kind requisite for manu-
facturing.
The third favor is its labor supply, which,
with the large contingent of colored population
(in country as well as town), and, with a fair
proportion of skilled white labor, seems to be
ample for present and prospective needs.
Fourth of these favors is its growing market
and transportation facilities, matters suffi-
THE CITY OF NASHVILLE
117
ciently discussed herein already; and fifth the
advantage of location in a city where building
sites are numerous and cheap, the water
supply excellent and ample, and taxes reason-
able.
The opportunities for new manufacturing
enterprises can be readily appreciated, when
the advantages just cited are given due con-
sideration. It seems, certainly, that with the
favor it enjoys in this respect over other cities,
a beginning has scarcely been made in
THE COAL DEALERS.
Over TON & BUSH, wholesale and retail deal-
ers in coal and coke, and general transfer
agents, is a firm recently organized which has
for its principals J. M. Overton and W. W.
Bush, twenty-eight and twenty-seven years
old, respectively, and both born and raised in
Nashville. -
Mr. Overton first engaged in the coal busi-
ness six years ago as the general manager of
OVERTON & BUSH, COAL YARDS AND TRANSFER AGENTs, NASHVILLE, TENN.
manufactures by Nashville. The Nashville of
the future, it is easy to predict, will be one of
the great centers of mechanical production of
this country.
Following the plan pursued heretofore in
Our work, we present some sketches of repre-
Sentative Nashville concerns of the manufac-
turing class; first, however, allotting space
(as illustrations of the city's advantages in this
respect), to the principal coal dealers of the
city, from whom they get their fuel.
the Bon Air Coal Mines, near Sparta, White
county, Tenn., which he opened and operated
for One year for the BON AIR CoAL, LAND AND
LUMBER Co. At the end of the year he
resigned his position of general manager to
become the purchaser of the entire output,
and during the succeeding year marketed the
coal by wholesale and retail from his Nash-
ville Office.
As the coal was introduced into the markets
of Middle Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia,

118
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
the demand grew so that it became necessary
to take steps to equip the mines to meet this
unusual growth of the business. Mr. Overton,
as a stockholder in the company, realized
that it was of the greatest importance to keep
abreast with the most wide awake and enter-
prising coal operators, entered into an under-
taking to lease the mines and equip them with
all the most modern and labor saving ma-
chinery known to the coal mining business,
and having effected a lease for fifteen years he
provided the mines at once with the latest
improved air compressor and twelve com-
pressed air mining machines. To this has
been since added a Sullivan exhaust fan for ven-
tilating the mines, and a large 18 x 32 inch
double cylinder first motion tail rope haulage
engine; two compressed air drills and a com-
plete double repeating electric signal from the
inside to the outside of the mines.
The outfit of machinery at these mines has
been pronounced, by experts, to be the most
complete in the State. Under the present
management of the Bon Air Coal and Coke
Co., with J. M. Overton, president and man-
ager, and J. L. Dibrell, secretary and resi-
dent superintendent, the capacity of the mines
has been increased to 500 tons per day, all of
which is easily marketed in Nashville, Chatta-
nooga, Atlanta and the small towns of Ten-
nessee, Alabama and Georgia.
The duties evolving upon Mr. Overton upon
assuming the management of the Bon Air
Coal and Coke Co. brought about a consolida-
tion of his firm and that of Bush & Duncan,
another coal firm controlling the sale of the
coal products of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and
Railway Co. in Nashville, under the new firm
name of Overton, DUNCAN & Co. This firm
had operated as the sole agents for the Bon
Air Coal and Coke Co., Tennessee Coal, Iron
and Railway Co. and Etna Coal and Coke Co.,
and as general dealers in other coals and cokes,
until February, 1891, when Mr. Duncan and
Mr. Allison withdrew, leaving only Mr. Bush
and Mr. Overton as principals. This firm of
Overton & Bush, controlling the sale of the
same coals as before and doing a general
wholesale and retail business in other cokes
and coals, has to-day the largest coal business
of any one firm in the South. -
They have only recently added to their coal
business, as a very natural adjunct, a complete
transfer line, and are already doing a rapidly
increasing business of that Sort.
Mr. W. W. Bush, the other member of the
firm, became associated with the Empire Coal
Co. about six years ago, and has been dealing
in coal ever since. He has built up a reputa-
tion for thrift, energy and capability that is
very much to be envied.
This firm did a business of over 4,000 cars
last year.
The CENTRAL COAL AND IRON Co., miners
and shippers of Kentucky coal, with offices at
413 Union street, are represented here by
G. R. HULINE, their manager for Nashville and
its vicinity. This company has mines at
Central City, Stroud City, Richmond, Render,
Muhlenberg and Green River, Kentucky, and
is one of the largest producers of coal in the
Blue Grass Region. The coal from these
mines is bituminous, and of the very best
Quality for both domestic and steam purposes.
The company has $600,000 capital, property
and works valued at upwards of $300,000 and
2,000 men employed. It has transportation
facilities from the mines via the Chesapeake,
Ohio & Southwestern, Newport News & Mis-
sissippi Valley, Owensboro & Nashville and
Louisville & Nashville railroads, and can lay
down coal at all the large centers of the South
in competition with any concern in the trade.
The yards of this company here are on Kayne
avenue and McGavock street. They have capa-
city for the storage of 5,000 tons, and usually
have in them from 2,000 to 4,000 tons. More
than 40 men and 15 teams are employed here
for delivery purposes. This Kentucky coal
sells in this market for $3 for domestic and
$1.75 a ton for steam coal in bulk.
Mr. Huline established this branch for his
company. He has built up for it a very large
business, and is adding to its patronage every
day.
JOHN D. ANDERSON & Co., 245 North Cherry
Street, are leading dealers in coal and coke.
They employ twenty men in their yards, and
supply a large share of the domestic trade of
Nashville, and they furnish the largest quan-
tity of steam coal, to manufacturers and others
here, of any concern in their line, among the
rest, to all the steamboats of the Cumberland
river, the ice factories, the Enterprise Soap
Works, and the Morgan & Hamilton Co., manu-
facturers of paper goods and bags. They
handle the “Empire” coal, mined in Ken-
tucky; the Woodstock from Earlington, Ky. ;
Peacock, also of Earlington, Ky. ; and Jellico,
from Jellico, Tenn., all of which are bituminous;
Pennsylvania anthracite, and Pineville, Ky.,
coke.
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
119
Mr. Anderson, the principal in this business,
has been in it for thirty years. He is a
director of the Lewis & Babcock Manufacturing
Co., which has its works in West Nashville,
and is interested also in other concerns of the
kind here.
E. W. HILL, general agent for the EMPIRE
CoAL Co. and dealer in anthracite and Jellico
coals, and Pocahontas coke, at 403 Union
street, makes a specialty of the household trade
of Nashville and its vicinity, but is a large
shipper also to other parts. He runs about a
half dozen teams here.
The Empire Coal Co. has mines in Kentucky.
Its product is a very fine domestic coal.
Mr. Hill was formerly of Steinbach & Hill,
leading grain dealers here. He has been in
the coal trade now going on six years.
$750,000 a year. Its field is all the South, and
the West as far as the Pacific Coast. It has
425 hands employed, and its weekly pay-roll,
exclusive of its salaried men, numbering some-
thing like fifty more, is $3,300. Its foundry
and works cover an area of six acres. Its pro-
duction of stoves, heating and cooking, is 200
a day; and of grates, mantels, tinware, etc.,
corresponding proportion.
Its warehouses have a floor area of 108,000
square feet. In them a general assortment of
house furnishing goods, as well as its own
manufactures, is carried. It has fuller and
more varied lines than any house here.
The business of the company was established
some twenty-five years ago. The company
itself was incorporated in 1881. Mr. H. W.
Buttorff is its president, John H. McClure its
---
---
ºntº
PHILLips & Buttorff MANUFACTURING co.'s PLACES, NASH VILLE, TENN.
IRON AND MACHINE WORKS.
The PHILLips & Button FF MANUFACTURING
CoMPANY, which has its foundry and mantel
works corner of Clay street and the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad; its factory
and shipping department corner of Front and
Church streets; and salesrooms at 217 and 219
College street, is engaged in the production of
stoves, hollow-ware, mantels and grates, plain
and stamped Japan and tin ware, house
furnishings and lamp goods, on a scale cer-
tainly unparalleled in the South, and equalled
by but few concerns in the country at large.
It is the foremost manufacturing corporation
here, not merely with respect to the capital
employed by it, but as well for the livelihood
it furnishes to the working classes of the city,
and the ramifications of its business beyond
the trade territory proper of Nashville.
It has $500,000 capital paid up, fifteen
traveling men, and its sales will aggregate
vice-president; W. M. Clarke, secretary and
treasurer; and B. J. McCarty, superintendent
of the foundry. The directors, besides these
officers, are W. P. Phillips, of Phillips & Hood,
dealers in china and queensware here; W. H.
Lickhardt, druggist; W. F. Foster, civil engi-
neer; James H. Collins, president of the Home
Fire Insurance Company; and J. W. Hopkins,
cotton factor.
Vice-president McClure manages the sales of
the house, and Mr. Clarke the office details.
THE ADAMs & PRICE LocoMotivº AND MA-
cHINE WoRks, was organized in November
1883 for the purpose of manufacturing Pole
Road Locomotives under the Cole patent, and
of carrying on a general machine and repair
business in the city of Nashville. A very
eligible site was purchased on the line of the
Northwestern Road just outside the corporate
limits of the city. The original incorporators
were H. K. ADAMs, Geo. W. F. Price. Geo. H.
Price, E. A. Price and Frank Slemmons.

120
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
A commodious building was erected on the
grounds of the corporation, and was filled with
machinery of the most approved pattern, and
production was at once begun. Orders flowed
|W
ADAMS & PRICE LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
in, and the works were utilized from the out-
set to their full capacity.
During seven years' business, after the start
just mentioned, the shops had been im-
proved, with new machinery from time to time
introduced, an immense stock of valuable pat-
terns accumulated, and the work turned out
by the corporation had received the strongest
endorsement. The original Pole
Road Locomotive, built by the
house, having been found de-
fective in vital points, improve-
ments were made in its construc-
tion until it amounted, indeed,
to an entirely new machine.
Besides success in the manu-
facture of the Pole Road Loco-
motive, the works had estab-
lished a large business in the
making of cars for logging, mil-
ling and mining, etc., such as
dump cars for ores, and every
variety of cars for light service.
Orders had come from all over
the South and Southwest, and
inquiries from foreign countries.
In the midst of this tide of pros-
perity the works were totally
destroyed by a fire on the night
of October 10th, 1890, entailing
the loss of the entire plant. So
soon as it was possible to work
in the debris of the wreck, the
energetic manager, Mr. Adams,
set about to rebuild the works.
Taking advantage of his very
misfortune, he moved the shops
nearer the railroad, but still on
the original site, and made ar-
rangements for greatly aug-
mented shipping and handling
facilities. He drew his plans of
a shop based upon his observa-
tion and personal study of many
of the largest plants in the
United States, and at the ex-
piration of ninety days from the
date of its destruction, the es-
tablishment was replaced by a
much larger and more substantial
fire-proof structure, combining in
its construction all the most ad-
vanced ideas of convenience and
utility in the mechanical world
of to-day. The outfit of the ma-
chine shop is now in place and
the company is prepared to produce the heaviest
castings used in the South, and to build and
repair the heaviest machinery required by any
Southern milling or mining enterprise.
º
==

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
121
The foundry is equipped with two five ton
jib cranes of twenty feet radius each, and two
of the celebrated patent cupola furnaces, one
of which was started February 20th, since
which time it has been giving excellent satis-
faction. The cupola room is very conveniently
arranged and is fire-proof. The charging floor
is reached by an elevator which carries all the
iron and coke used in the furnaces.
Taking this plant as a whole, with its 225
feet of side track at its very doors, its cranes
and other appliances for handling heavy cast-
ings and machinery, loading and unloading all
kinds of material, raw and finished, it is the
most complete in the South, and is certainly
planned to do the most work and get the best
results at the least cost.
The direction of the business was then
(and still is) in the hands of Mr. H. K.
Adams, who is the practical man of the con-
cern. He has had a long and successful train-
ing in his profession. He received a sound
elementary education in an academy of high
grade in his birthplace, Tuskegee, Ala. From
his boyhood he developed a strong passion for
mechanical pursuits, and displayed, early in
life, his aptitude for this kind of employment
by making various mechanical devices, in-
cluding a miniature locomotive, which he built
and put in Operation under the counter of his
father's establishment, to the imminent danger
of the entire concern, and to his own personal
cost and hazard. He has been at successive
periods of his career, employed as engineer of a
saw-mill, machinist in extensive railway
shops, locomotive engineer, railway conductor,
Superintendent of the iron works in Mont-
gomery, Ala., of which he was the original
promoter, and in which he was a large stock-
holder. He withdrew from it in order to
invest in his present business. It will thus be
Seen that Mr. Adams has had a very wide and
valuable experience in his chosen profession.
He is personally familiar with all branches of
the business in which he is concerned, and is
capable of directing every detail of it. He is
an expert draughtsman, a diligent student of
his profession, a constant reader of the leading
mechanical and engineering journals of the
Country, and as a business man also highly
esteemed. He has established the credit of
the corporation upon a basis so solid, that,
While many other concerns have been pressed
for accommodations, the bank with which he
deals has given him every possible assistance,
even in times of the greatest stringency.
The gentlemen associated with Mr. Adams
in this business are well-known citizens of
Nashville, but their connection with the cor-
poration has simply been advisory and finan-
cial, and they have had but little to do with
the practical operations of the works.
The NASH VILLE MACHINE Co., whose works
are at 121 to 125 North College street, near
Broad, has $10,000 capital stock, and the fol-
lowing officers: Henry Sperry, capitalist of
this city, president; J. C. Doy LE, formerly
manager of the Perry Machine Company here,
and a practical workman of life-long experi-
ence, superintendent.
The works of this company were established
in 1886. Removal will soon be made from
them to a new place, that at present occupied
by the Nashville Trunk Factory, a two-story
brick building adjoining their present place,
85 x 175 feet, which is being furnished through-
out with new and additional machinery, and
in which nothing will be wanting in the way of
equipment and appointments for the manu-
facture of all kinds of machine work and brass
founding, and particularly of steam heating
apparatus, which is the company’s specialty,
and which has been supplied to a larger
number of buildings of Nashville in the last
few years by it than by any other concern of
the kind; among the rest, for the following:
The new City Hospital, St. Cecilia Academy,
the Vendome Theater, Hermitage Club, Com-
mercial National Bank, New Union Bank and
Trust Co., and the new Rosenheim Building—
the contract for the heating of which was
the largest ever let here.
A stock of wrought pipe, brass goods, injec-
tors and ejectors, steam pipes, hose and belt-
ing, iron and wood split pulleys, shafting, etc.,
is carried by it; and it is agent here for the
Haxtun method of steam heating, and for
Graves’ automatic fire and dry pipe system.
Repairing and fitting up of elevators is also
done by it. It has some thirty hands employed.
The PERRY MACHINE WoRKs, of 104 to 108
North College street, were established in 1865
by Perry & Dumont. They are now owned by
Mrs. Perry, the widow of the former principal,
and are managed by J. E. RUST, an experienced
Iſla, Il.
These works employ twenty-five or thirty
bands steadily. They are run chiefly on well
tools, brass work and general machine
repairing. They are the only brass works of
any note here. They are equipped throughout
in first class style, and have recently been
122
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
furnished with new boilers, new steam trip
hammer, and other appliances. They cover
an area of 100 feet square.
A vast amount of steam forging is done by
these works, and of pipe cutting and general
been in this line all his life, and is an expert
workman himself.
They handle, in brief, all kinds of house
furnishing goods, and do both new and repair
work on sugar mills, stoves, tin roofs, etc.
W. L. MURPHY & Co.'s Molass Es PLANT IN OPERATION, ON HARDIN PIKE, NEAR NASH VILLE, TENN.
-
machine repairing. A stock of pipe and brass
goods of all kinds is carried by them. They
do work and sell goods in this and all the
adjacent States. They supply power and steam
heat also to the buildings near by.
W. L. MURPHY & Co., dealers in stoves, tin-
ware, queensware, etc., and manufacturers of
evaporators, furnaces and improved cane mills,
at 129 North Market street, have been in that
line here since 1875, and have built up for
themselves a large country, as well as city,
trade.
They carry a stock of the goods and wares of
their line that fills a three-story building,
and maintain a shop, in which they execute
contract tin work, roofing and general job-
bing. Mr. Murphy, head of the house, has
They also conduct a molasses plant, with an
equipment of seventy barrels capacity, on
Hardin Pike, near the city. An engraving of
this plant, as it appears in operation, accom-
panies this matter. Illustrated catalogues,
showing style and price of these MURPHY CANE
MILLs, Eva PortATORs, etc., are sent out free
upon application.
STEwART & BRUCKNER, iron and brass
founders and machinists, at 157 North College
street, have been established since 1875, and
have one of the largest and most complete
plants in the State. They employ thirty-five
men steadily, and have an output of $75,000
worth of work a year.
ThroMAs GAIRNs, machinist and engine
builder, of 115 and 117 North College street,

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
123
owns his place of business there, which is
largely run on elevator work and general
machine repairs. In elevators especially, he
does a very large business, and some of the
principal business houses and buildings here
have been provided with these conveniences
by him, among others the following: The
Grubbs' Cracker and Candy factory, the Ran-
kin Manufacturing Co.'s building, Lebick
Bros’, and the Burns Building. He has also
built a large number for other places.
Mr. Gairns has a complete equipment of
machinery for manufacture, and has a force of
skilled hands regularly employed. He has been
successful in business and has other interests
here besides.
The CUMBERLAND IRON & WIRE WoRKS Co.,
218 and 220 North Front street, was chartered
about seven years ago with a capital of $50,000,
an amount which enabled it to begin business
on a scale permitting successful competition
on its part with Northern houses.
Some of the most prominent business men
of this city have an interest in it. W. M.
Duncan is its president; L. K.Torbet, secre-
tary, treasurer and manager; and these gen-
tlemen are the directors, in company with
H. W. Buttorff, J. M. Sharpe, W. D. Talbott,
Geo. L. Price and M. A. Spurr. These are
names which, in themselves, are a guarantee
here for any enter-
prise with which they
may be identified.
The company has
been prosperous to a
great degree. Much
of this success it
owes unquestionably
to its management
and particularly to
the personal super-
vision of Mr. Torbet
and those who pre-
ceded him.
It has an excellent
home trade, and its
Work adorns many of
the banks and offices
of Nashville. It has
customers besides in
half a dozen of the
Southern States.
Prompt responses
to orders by mail are -
a characteristic of its business methods.
mates will be furnished by it upon application.
† |
||||
|||||||||||
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ZOZ-
Esti-
Among other articles the following are man-
ufactured by it: Iron and wire fencing, used
largely for city homes; door and window
screens, wire cloth and netting, cresting and
finials, bank and office railing, window guards,
stable fixtures, riddles, coal screens, bird cages,
delivery baskets, flower stands and baskets, rat
traps, and, in fact, every sort of wire and iron
goods. Fire escapes, window guards, stable
fixtures and Coulter’s celebrated portable to-
bacco-curing furnace, are its specialties.
CARRIAGE MAKERS.
JAMEs J. ANDERSON & Co.'s wagon and car-
riage works, 125 and 127 South Market street,
embrace, besides the large iron building of four
floors formerly occupied, the large two story
double brick building adjoining, which was
recently leased by the firm for use as a re-
pository. -
This is the only wagon factory in the South
with a really modern equipment of machinery
run by steam power. Its outfit embraces,
among other labor saving devices, a steam
blower adjusted for the use of five forges, band,
rip and cut-off saws, tenon machines, a planer
and joiner, a shaper and boring machine, drill
presses, emery wheels and all the latest im-
proved devices.
#TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTº
||||||||||||||
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|||||| º:
|||| -
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INTERIOR VIEW of JAs. J. ANDERSON’s CARRIAGE FACTORY, NASH VILLE.
The four departments of a first-class carriage
works, in fact, are here in this establishment,




























124
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
the blacksmith, wood working, painting and
trimming shops, and all completely appointed
for the finest work. Forty-one hands are
- §§ N § s N
s -
They are mechanics themselves and they
give all jobs, while in progress, personal super-
vision. They have an especially well ap-
pointed paint shop and pride them-
selves on the fine sign and orna-
mental work they turn out of this
department.
HARNESS AND SADDLERY, ETC.
No branch of productive industry
has made greater progress in Nash-
ville of late years than the manu-
facture of saddlery. Ten years ago
##| || ---------------- -
| §º NLI not more than $75,000 worth was
l__ ºf Wºº * .
=º- º - manufactured annually, and ten
º ººº-º-º-º-º-º: - -
jº- Fº years ago not more than fifty people
ºº::=--- --------- ----- -- - found employment in this trade.
stilz & GRAEssle's wagoN FACTORY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
employed in these various departments, among
them many skillful workmen. The cut ac-
companying this matter (page 123) shows them
at work in the smithing and wood shops.
The best of selected material is used by the
house only. Delivery wagons are a specialty
with it. About 250 of them are in use here
now, made by this factory, and at least a
hundred more, all ordered, are in the various
stages of construction, from those in the shape
of unfinished woodworks to those with the last
coat of varnish just put over the striping.
It is the boast of the proprietors of this
factory, that, although their business has in-
creased many fold since they began in a small
way here, not a new job has ever been turned
out of it except upon an order.
Mr. Anderson founded this business him-
self not so many years ago and in a very
modest way. He worked at the bench himself
then. He is a skilled mechanic, a natural
mechanic indeed, who served his time in Bed-
ford county, Tenn., and came here when he
saw that the country afforded no such field as
the city, for a man with a mechanical ambition
and constructive talent like his own.
STILZ & GRAEssle, manufacturers of wagons
and carriages, at 115 and 117 South Market
street, have about twenty skilled workmen
employed and a reputation acquired, in the five
years they have been in business, for sub-
stantial work. Their specialties are city deliv-
ery and ice wagons, and they pay particular
attention to heavy work; but they turn out
also all kinds of carriages and light work.
At the present time the annual out-
put is not less than half a million
dollars in value and hundreds of people find
remunerative employment in the business here.
Ten years ago all the world came to Nash-
ville to sell saddlery; to-day it would be like
“carrying coals to Newcastle” to come here
to sell this class of goods.
Nashville's progressive wholesale saddlery
manufacturers have turned the tables and are
carrying the warfare into Africa itself. Their
gentlemanly but aggressive agents and repre-
sentatives are penetrating the country in all
directions with large and ever increasing suc-
cess. For this changed condition of trade the
NAsHVILLE SADDLERY Co. must be given fore-
most credit.
Starting business ten years ago with small
capital but with unlimited energy and ambi-
tion, they have, by hard and persistent efforts
and fair dealing, built up their business to its
present mammoth proportions.
Owing to labor troubles and strikes the com-
pany determined to take advantage of an offer
to lease the State prison, which project they
consummated last January, and moved their
entire plant to the main prison located in this
city. They fitted up there the largest and most
complete factory of its kind in the country.
Messrs. McPHAIL & THOMAs, the enterprising
proprietors say, that with their present facili-
ties and cheap prison labor, they propose to
make the products of their factory a standard of
excellence. “Better and Better” is their motto.
They make buggy harness their specialty,
and claim to present to the trade a better and
smoother line than any on the market. In






THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
125
addition to harness they make saddles, bridles,
collars, gig and express saddles, lines, etc., in
fact, everything embraced in the title sad-
dlery.
On the inside back cover of this book is
their advertisement; on this page their cut.
DANDRIDGE & Boy ERs, manufacturers and
jobbers of saddles, harness, etc., at 183 North
Market street, are located in the heart of the
business quarter of Nashville. They occupy a
large three story building, on the second floor
of which they have a factory equipped with
machinery and appliances for harness making,
and employing twenty-eight hands. They
have a branch factory besides at the Tennessee
Industrial School (two miles south of Nashville)
in which they likewise make harness and
saddlery work of all kinds.
They carry complete lines of harness,
saddlery and horse furnishings, and also of
saddlery hardware and saddler's stock. They
supply most of the small shops and retailers of
the city, and have a large country trade
besides. They carry a stock worth usually
$50,000, and their sales will aggregate $250,000
a year.
The business of this house was established in
1883 by Macune & Dandridge, to which firm
Dandridge & Boyers succeeded in 1890. Mr.
Dandridge has been in the trade here for
twenty-five years. He is a skilled workman
himself, and he
gives the business
his personal atten-
tion. He is a
stockholder in a
number of cor-
porate enterprises
here, and is con-
sidered one of the
liveliest business
|- -
: º
| *
WEFFFFFF
NAshville saddlery co.'s shops.
men of the city. His partner, Mr. Boyers, is
in the railroad business, and is not actively
identified with the management of the
house.
§eº |
§ºſſillº
MARSH & Son, of 217 North Market street,
are manufacturers of harness, collars, saddles
and bridles. Mr. GEO. MARSH, the senior
member of the firm, began in the collar busi-
ness in a small way in 1861, and by close
application to business has built up one of the
largest manufacturing establishments of its
kind in the South.
They employ from twenty-five to forty men
the year round. Their factory is equipped
with all the largest machinery devised for the
business. They have just put in collar stuffing
machinery at a large cost, thus enabling them
to fill all orders promptly and satisfactorily.
They also run in connection with their factory
one of the largest tanneries in the country.
This tannery is under the exclusive control of
Mr. Geo. Marsh, who has had thirty-five years'
experience in the business. The harness,
collar and saddle department of the house is
managed by his son, WM. G. MARSH, who has
had several years' experience and who thor-
oughly understands the business in all its
branches. He also has charge of all the office
business. The packing and shipping depart-
ment is under the supervision of MR. S. A.
Doug LAss, who is thoroughly qualified in every
particular for the position.
Marsh & Son do strictly a wholesale business;
they sell only to the jobbing trade.
º º
—||
II "º IºW --
|º:
CoRBETT BRos.,
manufacturers and
importers of fine
harness and horse
furnishings gener-
ally, at Nos. 200 and
202 North Market.
street, rank among
the leading con-
cerns of that kind
here; indeed, it
may truly be said
that they are classed among the foremost
in the Southern States, in respect of their
resources, facilities for the business, and
patronage.



















126
THE CITY OF WASHIVILLE.
They occupy a large four-story place, and
carry an extensive and varied stock, embracing
everything, of domestic make or imported,
pertaining to the care, clothing and equipment
of the horse. Their manufacturing depart-
ments are also especially complete, and their
own products of the highest grade of excellence.
Their name is, in fact, whether upon an
article made or merely sold by them, a stamp
of superiority.
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BURNS & Co., SADDLERY, NASHVILLE, TENN.
BURNS & Co., manufacturers of saddlery and
harness, and wholesale dealers in carriage and
saddlery hardware, at 311 and 313 North Mar-
ket street, is the oldest house of its line in
Nashville. It was established by M. Burns,
Sr., father of its present principals, in 1838.
He still survives, but is not actively identified
with the management of the house; in fact,
has not been since 1865, in which year his sons
succeeded him. .
Burns & Co. have trade in all parts of Nash-
ville’s tributaries. They carry usually a
$75,000 stock, embracing everything in the
line of harness, turf goods and horse clothing,
and a full assortment of carriage and harness
maker’s and carriage trimmer’s supplies.
They employ fifty hands in their shops and
Salesrooms, have four men on the road selling
for them, and do a business aggregating $200,-
000 a year.
Their manufacturing departments are
equipped throughout with all the latest ma-
chinery and appliances for harness and saddle
making, and they have acquired, by strict
attention to their business and careful super-
vision of it, a high reputation for their pro-
ducts.
They own their place of business and other
property besides. -
The ROCK CITY SADDLERY Co., Market street,
near the Puplic Square, manufactures with
steam power, has fifty hands employed, twelve
men on the road, and sales aggregating $250,-
000 a year. It occupies a place of five stories,
fronting on both Front and Market streets,
equipped throughout with the latest machinery
and appliances that have been devised for the
business, and carries as large and as varied a
stock as any house of the kind in the South.
It has been established since 1886, and its
name is familiar to the trade everywhere in
Southern Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Florida
and Mississippi, as well as in Tennessee.
Wm. S. Bransford is president of it; John
K. Breast, secretary; and David R. Kinnaird.
treasurer.
Mr. Bransford is general manager of the
business, and is the office and credits man;
Mr. Breast takes charge of the sales depart-
ment, and Mr. Kinnaird has control of the
manufacturing and buying departments.
These gentlemen are principals also in the
BRANSFORD HARDWARE COMPANY, which occu-
pies a part of the same building with the Rock
City Co., and which is described in another
part of this work.
MOORE BROS., manufacturers of and dealers
in harness and Saddles, at 141 and 143 North
Market street, began business here on January
1st last, and have already established them-
Selves in a prominent position in the trade.
They have laid in a $10,000 stock of fine car-
riage, buggy and track harness, Saddles, collars,
bridles, halters and horse furnishings general-
ly, and have put twenty hands at work in their
factory. They have also sent out four first-
class traveling men to sell for them in the
trade territory of the city.
They have secured also as an auxiliary to their
business, the Southern agency of Whitely’s
reapers and mowers, manufactured at Spring-
field, Ohio.
Mr. Tim H. Moore, of this firm, is agent
here for the Western & Atlantic and Great
Southern freight line, via Charleston, South
Carolina.







THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
127
He retains these positions, leaving the
management of the house to his brother,
Dillard R. Moore, who has spent five years in
the trade here with some of the largest houses
of this line in responsible positions.
THE SouTHERN TRUNK MANUFACTURING Co.,
commenced business January 1, 1888, at 204
Public Square. Their success has been extra-
ordinary. After two years in the old stand, the
business increased to such an extent, that it
became necessary for them to look out for
larger quarters, which were secured October 1,
1890, at 216 Public Square. There they are
now manufacturing the largest quantity and
best line of trunks made anywhere in the
South. Their trade embraces the Southern
States, including all Tennessee, Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina,
Florida, Virginia, Arkansas and Kentucky.
Their success is mainly due to the incessant
energy of Mr. W. H. McNEILL, an experienced
trunk man, who is the general manager of the
concern, and also to Messrs. Jos. Franklin
& Co., the financial backers. Their factory is
large and commodious, and employs 25 to 30
workmen in the busy season. Their store
room is the largest in the South; it is 200 feet
long and 32 feet wide. In it all sorts and
styles of trunks for the wholesale and retail
trade are constantly kept on hand; also a full
line of valises, hand bags and tourist outfits.
Repairing and fine sample trunks and cases
are a specialty of the house.
THE NASH VILLE TRUNK FActory, 309 North
College street, was established in 1885. It is
owned and operated by an incorporated
company of which J. S. Reeves, of J. S. Reeves
& Co., wholesale dealers in dry-goods on Public
Square, is president; William Porter, a retired
merchant and capitalist, vice-president; and
J. L. Hill, secretary, treasurer and general
manager.
It has $25,000 capital paid in. It has a
factory occupying a large three-story and base-
ment building at 127 to 135 North College
street, which is equipped throughout with labor
saving and expediting devices, and which
employs from 50 to 60 hands, according to the
state of trade.
The annual output of this factory is 20,000
trunks, besides sample cases, valises, traveling
bags and other products valued altogether
at $65,000 to $75,000. It has two men on the
road, and sells in all the Southern States.
Manager Hill was formerly in the wholesale
grocery business here. He has been a busi-
ness man of the city for the last twelve years,
and has had charge of the factory since 1886.
The NAshville, RAPID TANNING AND BELT
MANUFACTURING Co., at the junction of Wal-
nut street and the Nashville, Chattanooga &
St. Louis Railway, has $50,000 capital and a
tannery in which it has $20,000 invested. It
has twenty hands employed and an output of
leather larger than any other concern here.
It tans about 100 hides a day. Its products
are oak tanned and rawhide leather belting,
lace leather, picker leather, ropes, lariats, and
other rawhide leather goods. It claims to
have processes that insure a stock equal to
anything turned out either in this country or
Europe.
It supplies most of the manufacturers of
Nashville and the country districts tributary,
and has customers also nearly everywhere,
from Maine to Texas, and particularly in
Philadelphia and other large cities of the
East, where its goods are known. It has all
the latest belt making machinery and can turn
out orders as fast as any house in the land.
It has three representatives on the road.
M. S. Combs, a wealthy resident of the city,
who is also engaged in business as a funeral
director and dealer in undertakers' supplies,
is its president; A. J. Beazley, vice-president
|\!\!\!
ROCK CITY SADDLERY Co.'s PLACE, NASHVILLE.
and manager; A. E. Beazley, secretary and
treasurer. The company was organized in 1888.
It has $50,000 capital stock.

128
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
PLANING MILLS, ETC.
John B. KING, manufacturer of and whole-
sale dealer in rough lumber, sash, doors and
blinds, etc., corner of Russell and First streets,
was for fifteen years, formerly, with the Edge-
field & Nashville, and subsequent to that as
foreman with Junk Bros. Manufacturing Co.,
but abandoned that employment in 1889 to
embark in the planing mill and lumber busi-
ness on his own account, a business in which
he has been very successful. He has a mill
equipped with all the latest appliances and de-
vices, and 35 hands employed. This mill
covers, with its yards, about two acres and he
has the very latest improved dry kilns to ex-
pedite manufacture.
Last year (1890) he turned out about $75,000
worth of finished work, including sash, doors,
blinds, ceiling, siding, flooring, stair work,
TRADE MARK CAPITOL PLANING MILL.
J. W. McCullough, Proprietor.
moldings and turned work, and, considering
the time he has been established, he has as
good a business as any mill here. -
Amongst other fine jobs of interior finish done
by him, the following are notable: Will. H.
Manier's residence on Belmont ave, Chas. E.
Griffith's house in Waverley Place, Mrs. Soper's
residence on Woodland street, and Mr. Mc-
Kay's house on Russell street.
The Capitol, PLANING MILL, located at the
west corner of the Capitol grounds, was estab-
lished about forty years ago by its present
proprietor, J. W. McCULLough. Like many
other successful enterprises here and else-
where, it had a very small beginning; but it
has steadily grown until it has assumed such
proportions and acquired such capacity and
facilities, that its reputation for doing good
work is second to none.
In these forty years Mr. McCullough has
experienced all the vicissitudes of fortune
incident to active business life, most notable,
perhaps, the total destruction of his plant by
fire about fifteen years ago. But “Phoenix like
it rose fom its ashes,” and again took its
place among the most important building con-
cerns of the city and State.
The growth of Nashville in the last ten years
exhibits the energy and enterprise of its build-
ing interest. The Capitol Planing Mill, par-
ticipating in this progress, has kept pace with
the times in the use of the best and most
improved machinery.
It would be superfluous to attempt to enum-
erate in detail, in this connection, the many
great factory buildings, handsome store houses,
and elegant residences, schools and colleges,
the finish work of which has been done by
this mill, for this purpose utilizing as material
the finest native forest products, like poplar,
walnut, cherry and oak.
Is AAc N. DE HART & Co., carpenters and
builders, contractors for house moving and
raising and manufacturers of tanks and other
wood work, at the corner of Church and
Morgan streets, occupy there a plant covering,
as shown in the engraving facing this matter,
(page 129) a quarter of a block.
Their place is a brick building equipped
with the latest devices to facilitate manu-
facture of sash, doors and blinds, frames,
moldings, stairs, posts, railing, balusters,
etc., and for scroll sawing, planing and
wood turning. -
As contractors they undertake all branches
of the building trade, including masonry of
brick or stone, plastering, painting; the con-
struction of buildings, in fact, complete.
The firm has been established in this line
since 1883, but Mr. T. N. De Hart, senior mem-
ber of the firm, has been in the business here
for twenty-three years. He is a native of New
Jersey but settled here upon the completion of
his service as a Federal soldier. His partner,
Mr. C. E. H. Martin, is a Virginian, but has
lived here nearly fifty years. During that long
time he has followed various lines of trade—
dry goods, the transfer business, the ice busi-
ness, hardware, lumber, etc.—finally entering
upon his present vocation, in company with
Mr. De Hart, as has been said, eight years ago.
This firm owns and operates also the Nov-
ELTy Foun DRY, located at the same corner as
their factory, under the designation of the
Novelty Foundry Co. Mr. De Hart is presi-

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
dent of that company and Mr. Mar-
tin, secretary and treasurer. This
foundry works about twenty-five
hands. It is run on general foundry
and machine work, and makes a
specialty of the manufacture of sad-
irons, grates, sash weights, stoves and
fixtures, and light castings of all sorts,
for which work it is particularly well
equipped with machinery, patterns
and other facilities.
RoBERT LowRY, wood turner, of
1306 Church street, has followed that
line here since 1855. He has a place
equipped with the latest machinery
for the business and operated with
steam power. A cut of it illustrates
this page.
He does not confine himself to
Nashville, but furnishes work to all
the surrounding towns, besides doing
considerable in Alabama, Georgia and Mis-
sissippi.
He has done some very fine work here.
Among other jobs, may be particularly men-
tioned, the turned work of the Cole residence,
on Church street; the Watkins' Institute; and
the Perry residence, on Belmont avenue; and
other of the principal buildings in the city of
Nashville. He mastered his trade in England,
and, having had over forty years' experience
of it, he may be said to be thoroughly pro-
ficient in it. He is regarded as the best turner
south of the Mason and Dixon line.
C. H. Mock ER, proprietor of the NASHVILLE
CoopDRAGE FActory, corner of Front and
Madison streets, is principal in a concern
established nearly half a century ago by his
father, and has a very extensive business, not
I. N. DE HART & Co.'s PLANING MILLS AND THE
NOVELTY FOUNDRY, NASHVILLE, TENN.
in Nashville alone, but all over the city’s tribu-
tary territory.
He is both a manufacturer and dealer in
cooperage of all kinds. He makes tanks of all
sizes, and all kinds of barrels, hogsheads,
kegs and tierces.
His place of business extends 500 feet along
Front street, and 200 on Madison street, and
affords a large number of workmen a means of
livelihood the year round, and he enjoys the
bulk of the patronage of the local flouring mills,
and of most of the commission merchants as
well.
OTHER BUILDING MATERIAL WORKS.
The NASH VILLE Roof ING & PAvi Ng Co., of
921 North Front street, is a stock company
organized in 1887, with a paid up
T.
Robert Lowry's wood TURNING SHOPS,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
º º
capital of $10,000. H. F. Watson,
of Erie, Pa., is its president, and
Benton F. Graves its secretary and
treasurer.
Its business is the distillation of
coal tar and the manufacture of
tarred roofing felt, roofing paints,
º i warnishes, pure linseed oil paints,
|
creosote stains, etc.
It is also a jobber and wholesale
dealer in building papers, deadening
felts, carpet papers, asbestos pipe
and boiler covering, steam packing,
sheathing and all fire-proofing ma-
terials. Contracts are taken by it for
covering steam pipes, domes, drums



13()
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
INTERI or of ADAMAN't ston E Co.'s PLACE, NASH VILLE.
and boilers, and in this line it is doing a
superior class of work which is very satisfactory
to its patrons.
It does not take contracts which require the
use of pitch or felt, but rather confines itself
to the manufacture and sale of these goods,
and, for this purpose, has the finest plant of the
kind in the South.
Its business is increasing rapidly, and new
machinery has and is being added to meet the
increase of its trade. It is a live concern, and
the one to write to if you want information or
goods in its line.
THoMAs NoLAN, manufacturer of Star white
lime, is a dealer, also, in sewer pipe, tiles,
cement and building materials, at 200 and 202
North Front street. His kilns are located a
mile and a half south of Nashville. He has
employed there twenty-five to thirty lime
burners, and is producing a fine, white lime
which is sold by him as the “Star Brand,”
and is much preferred by builders hereabouts
for fine as well as common building purposes.
He is the only manufacturer of lime in this
(Davidson) county, and he sells most of his
stock of it to the local builders.
He also carries in stock a large quantity of
builders’ and plumbers’ materials. He is an
importer of Rosendale and Portland cement;
fire brick, tools of various kinds, etc.
Mr. Nolan began business here in 1876. He
started in a small way, but has built up, in the
seventeen years since, an excellent trade. He
is a director of the Mechanics' Bank, and is
interested in other institutions here as a stock-
holder.
The WATson Roo FING & PAVING
Co., which has an office at 41 Van-
derbilt Building, has works on Front
street, at the lower river landing.
This company is not incorporated.
Its manager is M.R. W. J. WATsox.
He established himself in this busi-
ness here in 1882. He had been in
the trade for eighteen or twenty
years before that in Philadelphia and
other parts of the country.
This company makes a specialty
of roofing with felts, cement and
gravel, by the Watson process; also
of “Watson's Sanitary Flooring,”
and “Watson's Granitoid Cement
Paving.” It is a distiller of coal
tar products, and a shipper of them
to all parts of the country south of
the Ohio and east of the Mississippi.
It has from twenty-five to fifty hands employed,
according to the state of trade, and does a
business of upwards of $50,000 a year.
Watson's Granitoid Paving is extensively
used in Nashville and its vicinity for curbing,
sidewalks, and the paving of alleys. It is
considered here a very superior product.
Crushed granite is used in its manufacture in
place of sand, this combined with the best
Portland cement; which combination makes a
stone more durable than the natural rock, pre-
senting a more handsome appearance, retain-
ing also its color, and costing from a third to a
half less. For cellars and carriage floors it is
unequaled. The Government has adopted this
class of work for all its buildings.
Among other establishments in which grani-
toid paving has been laid the following are
notable here: The business houses of the
Connell-Hall-McLester Co., of J. S. Reeves &
Co., Rosenheim Bros. & Co., the Brandon
Printing Co., the Bransford Hardware Co.,
and the Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing
House; also in the Overton Building, Baxter
Court, and the Custom House, and at the resi-
dences of J. P. Williams, Ben Herman, Dr.
Duncan Eve, Chas. Eastman, James McLaugh-
lin, and G. M. Fogg.
This company has just closed also a $17,500
job of paving at Middlesborough, Ky.
The ADAMANT STONE Co., which has its
office at 141 North College street, and a plant
(an interior view of which accompanies this
matter) on South Front street, is a corporation
of $50,000 capital, organized in 1890 to manu-
facture plain and colored blocks for sidewalks,


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
131
artificial stone steps and plastic work for build-
ings, etc. E. A. Ireland, of Ireland & Hardis-
ton, dealers in lime, cement and other build-
ing materials, mentioned elsewhere in this
work, W.T. Hardiston of the same firm, and J.
K. Johnson, are the principals in it. Mr.
Johnson was in this same line in Cincinnati
and came here a year or two ago to do work of
this character for some of the finer buildings
recently erected here, and the project for an
establishment here originated with him.
Work has been done by him and by the
company, on such buildings as Baxter Court,
where a large amount of flooring was laid; on
the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Rail-
road shops, where 10,000 square feet of floor
was put down, besides the floors of the engine
and boiler rooms, on sidewalk in front of
Phillips, Hood & Co.'s, and the Jesse French
business houses, and for other concerns here,
to whom it has given unqualified satisfaction.
The product made by the company, indeed,
justifies the name it has chosen for it, the
“Adamant,” for the stone made by it is im-
pervious to frost, fire or other injury, and far
superior to natural stone.
The company has about thirty hands em-
ployed in its workshops, at 128 South Front
street, and on outside contracts. It was re-
cently awarded the contract to supply the
adamant to be used in construction of the new
Central Tennessee Insane Asylum now going
up here, a contract involving several thousand
dollars.
The old NAstry ILLE Pottery, situated at the
Foster street crossing of the Louisville & Nash-
ville road here, passed into the hands of a
new management in October last, when a
charter was received for it, by F. W. Baker, of
H. & F. W. Baker, liquor dealers here
(who was formerly owner of it), C. C.
Laitenberger also one of the old parties
in interest, and John L. Goodall a new
man in the business.
Under the act of incorporation, it
is to be known hereafter as the NAsh-
will E. Pottery AND PIPE Works. The
addition to its title indicating the new
line of products to be manufactured.
The management is to be in the hands
of Mr. Baker as president of the com-
pany, Mr. Laitenberger as vice-presi-
dent and Mr. Goodall as secretary,
treasurer and general manager.
Mr. Goodall, who succeeds Mr.
Baker in the general direction of
affairs, is very well known in Nashville as
formerly a partner in the wholesale boot and
shoe house of Richardson Bros. & Co., one of
the largest as well as oldest houses of that
line in the South. He began with that concern
as shipping clerk, and remained with it until
he had acquired a partnership. He was com-
pelled to give up active business on the first of
the current year ('91) by ill health, but is now
sufficiently restored to resume the pursuits of
trade.
The NASH VILLE Pot'ſ ERY AND PIPE WoRKs,
is conveniently situated for shipping and
delivery. It is, as shown in the accompanying
cut, a solid brick structure two stories high
and 75 feet front, running back 110 feet, and
having a large brick shed attached 70x150, and
two muffled kilns, with capacity of 4,500 gal-
lons each, and a tile and fire-brick kiln of
30,000 capacity.
The plant occupies six and three-quarter
acres, and has room and every facility for a
large product. It has its own track and switch
running into the building. It runs three
spiral and one kick wheel together with full-
rigged jiggers, employing 26 workmen, turn-
ing jugs, jars and bowls, from a quart to ten-
gallons capacity. It has also a flower pot
department, producing a large quantity of from
two to twelve-inch stock, and yet scarcely
sufficient to supply the resident florists.
The tile and fire-brick departments are
separate and distinct from the stoneware and
flower pot division. They have their own
gang under charge of Mr. Henry Baxter, an
experienced brick and tile maker and burner,
who served his full time in Peoria, Ill., and is
giving evidence of ability to produce the best
ever furnished this market.
NASH VILLE POTTERY AND PIPE WORKS, NASH VILLE,



132
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE,
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RESIDENCE OF JOHN A. PITTs, ATTORNEY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
(See Page 70.)
The stoneware made by this pottery cannot
be surpassed for beauty and durability. Mr.
Gus. Rich, who has full charge of its manufac-
ture, is an expert and naturally-gifted potter.
A sufficient quantity of this product cannot
now be supplied to meet the present demands
of the local merchants, and arrangements are
at present being made to turn oit larger quan-
tities, so that country orders for car loads can
be promptly met.
With the change in management the com-
pany enters, as we have intimated, upon the
manufacture of sewer pipe, also, largely. It is
proposed to make many improvements to fur-
ther that department in the near future The
capacity of the works at present in this re-
spect is sufficient
to meet the de-
mand upon them,
but it is intended
to push, especi-
ally, that particu-
lar branch of the
business.
GUs. DEMERICK,
a self-made man,
runs at No. 321
Deaderick street,
the largest plumb-
ing establishment
in Nashville; the
largest, for that
matter, South of
the Ohio. He
started here in
the business as a
boy, and served
his apprenticeship
to the trade under
one of the best
master plumbers
in the land. When
out of his time,
he commanded
employment as a
skilled workman
in the best shops
here; but he had
Haºu, 3.4 . *** a higher ambition
than to figure all
his life as a mere
“jer.” Accord-
ingly we find him
beginning in busi-
ness, shortly, for
himself.
He struggled along, after the usual fashion,
unaided, and dependent upon his own re-
sources. He took in a partner to Secure a
sufficient working capital, but found that ar-
rangement unsatisfactory. So he sold out his
interest and started anew on his own account.
It was uphill work for a while, especially with
a family dependent upon him, which by this
time he had ; but patience, pluck and persever-
ance, combined with enterprise, finally won
him the position of independence he coveted.
He employs now more first-class plumbers
and helpers, and has a larger pay-roll than
any boss plumber of the South. He carries
also an exceptionally large and varied stock of
plumbers’, steam and gas fitters’ supplies. He
22, 2

THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
133
has workshops fitted up with all the latest
conveniences of his trade; his own delivery
and tool wagons, and all the appointments to
facilitate business in his line. He prides him-
self on the workmanship of all jobs turned out
of his place, and on his promptitude in all
business relations. He was born and raised
here; served his time here; has built up a big
business here, and he is thoroughly acquainted
with the people of Nashville and its vicinity,
and the sort of work they expect performed.
These are some—though not all—his qualifica-
tions for the business he is in. His patrons
mention many more. They, indeed, are the
best advertisers of his business.
Moon EY & BAINE, plumbers, gas and steam
fitters and dealers in plumbers' supplies, 319
and 321 Cherry street, Nashville, are the
leaders of their line here; without a doubt,
indeed, the leading house of the kind south of
Cincinnati. As plumbing contractors they
have fitted up some of the finest buildings of
the city, among them the following: Baxter
Court, considered the most imposing block
here, the Watkins Institute, a school for
young ladies, J. P. Williams' palatial mansion,
the business blocks occupied by the Connell—
Hall-McLester Co.'s department house, J. S.
Reeves & Co., dry goods, O’Bryan Bros. in the
same line of trade, and the Craighead, Over-
ton, and other large buildings.
As dealers in plumbers’ and gas fitters'
supplies they handle largely, pumps, hydrants,
bath tubs, water closets, pipe and fittings, gas
machines, chandeliers, brackets, globes, shades,
etc. They make a very fine display of fancy
and ornamental lamps, etc., in their sales-
rooms. Their trade in this line, as in con-
tracting, is not merely local, but extends
throughout the South.
They will make estimates whenever desired
for plumbing and lighting city, suburban and
country schools, mills, residences, etc.
Both members of this firm are mechanics
experienced in the business. Mr. Mooney
manages the sales and office business of the
house, Mr. Baine the mechanical work they
execute.
DAVID G REWAR, licensed practical plumber
and gas fitter, and dealer in pipe, fittings, etc.,
at 161 North Summer street, is one of the
oldest, if not in fact, the oldest, that is to
say longest in business, of the local master
plumbers. He has been in the trade here for
a lifetime, and has been established on his
own account since 1863.
He has executed some of the largest plumb-
ing and steam heating contracts ever given out
here, such for instance as the Post Office
building and Custom House here, a part of the
State Capitol, the Endsley Block on Public
Square, and other jobs as important. He
usually has twenty hands at work, and when
business justifies it, more even than that.
Mr. Grewar is, and has been for the past
five years, president of the local association
of the master plumbers of the United States,
a position indicating in some degree his stand-
ing among his associates of the trade.
JAMEs A. HEALY, plumber, gas and steam
fitter, of 243 North Cherry street, is successor
to Gray & Healy, established in 1876. He
succeeded that firm two years ago. He has
done important work on many large structures
here by contract, and has recently completed
a $2,000 job, that for heating the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad offices here.
Hot water and steam heating, and sanitary
plumbing, are his specialties. He is an expert
plumber himself, bred to the trade in the very
shop of which he is now proprietor.
PRINTING THOUSES.
THE BRANDoN PRINTING CoMPANY., occupies
at 228 North Market street a new six story
building, 28 feet front, but running through
from street to street, which is equipped
throughout with all the latest devices and
machinery to facilitate business in the line
in which the house is embarked. An engray-
ing of it illustrates this matter.
In this building the Brandon company car-
ries in stock, besides stationery, a full line of
office furniture, desks and supplies.
i. i. | |
BRANDoN PRINTING Co.'s PLACE, NASH VILLE.

134
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
It is Southern agent for the SMITH PREMIER
Typewriter, the leading typewriter to-day of
the United States, The
house averages sales of
thirty of them a month,
and is making a partic-
ular specialty of them.
This is the largest as
well as best equipped
establishment of its
kind in the South. It
has 125 employes, and
has the patronage of the
principal merchants, not
only of Nashville, but
of most of the Southern
States, and of banks,
manufactories, railroads
and other corporations
doing business in that
section.
Of banks alone, 352
do business with it.
Its work, in litho-
graphing as well as in
printing, is first class.
It has earned a reputation for it and is careful
to maintain its good name in that particular.
J. N. Brooks is its president, J. H. Yar-
brough, vice-president, C. H. BRANDON,
treasurer and general manager. Mr. Brooks is
president of the Bank of Commerce of Nash-
ville. He is also interested in numerous other
concerns here. Mr. Yarbrough is of Yar-
brough, Maddux & Davis, real estate agents.
He also has many and varied business in-
-terests that occupy his time and attention,
such, for instance, as his duty as an executive
committeeman of the First National Bank.
General supervision therefore devolves on Mr.
Brandon, the founder of the house. He is a
native of Nashville and has been engaged in
this line during the whole of his business
career. The company, in fact, is his suc-
CeSSOr.
The firm of MARSHALL & BRUCE (Andrew
Marshall and James H. Bruce), blank book
manufacturers, stationers and printers, is
prominent among the business houses of Nash-
ville.
While the members of the firm are com-
paratively young men, it is the oldest firm in
the city in its line. It began business on a
very small scale in 1865, occupying then only
two small upper rooms on Deaderick street,
and now a three story house at 306 North Col-
MARSHALL
& BRUCE,
PRINTING IIOUSE,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
lege street, running back to an “L” opening
on Union street, is utilized by it, and its busi-
ness is as large as that of any house in this line
in the city.
It has a patronage extending over the State
of Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi
and Florida.
Nothing but first class work is done by it.
The firm has labored with the view of establish-
ing a reputation on the merit of its work
and in this has succeeded, and while it has had
many rivals, it has few real competitors in its
chosen field.
It is such houses as this that give Nashville
the reputation it enjoys for business solidity.
HAssock & AMBRose, book and job printers,
publishers and blank book manufacturers of
313 Church street, the Banner Building, is
one of the oldest and most reliable firms of
its kind in the South. They carry a full line
of printers' supplies, such as letter heads, note
heads, bill heads, bills of lading, statements,
business cards, wedding cards, visiting cards,
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HASSLOCK & AMBROSE, PRINTERS, NASH VILLE.
invitations, ball programmes, envelopes, and,
in fact, everything in the line of paper stock


THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
135
to be found in a first class printing establish-
ment, and of all grades, from a pure linen
bond paper to ordinary flat papers.
For promptness and facilities they are unex-
celled here, and their work is all of superior
character. They are fully equipped to do all
kinds of railway, medical, law and mercantile
printing with despatch. Their motto is, “All
work delivered when promised, and at the
most reasonable rates.” They make a spe-
cialty of printing stock catalogues, stock pedi-
grees, school catalogues and annuals and lodge
rituals.
Their entire plant is operated by electricity,
and with the most improved presses and latest
designs in type and material, and the best
skilled workmen in their printing and binding
departments, they are fully prepared to execute
all orders given them. It will be to the inter-
est of those having work in their line to
receive estimates and prices from them on all
kinds of printing and binding, before letting
work out elsewhere. Samples and designs of
work are furnished by them on application.
Mr. H. A. Hasslock, the senior member of
the firm, is a practical printer and business
man, having served his apprenticeship in the
office now owned by his firm. Mr. J. J.
Ambrose acquired his exact business methods
as a clerk, for a number of years, in one of the
leading railroad offices of the country.
H. A. HAssock, of Hasslock & Ambrose,
printers of this city, was appointed surveyor
of customs at Nashville, upon the re-establish-
ment of the city as a port of delivery, February
28th, 1891. He has been a resident here for
the last thirty years, and has been prominent
in public life, as well as in his trade, for fifteen
years. He has served a term in the legisla-
ture, and is now a member of the county court
of this, Davidson county. He is considered,
by the business community, a very competent
IIl:LT1.
The HERALD JoB PRINTING Co., with
“Promptness, Artistic Work, Moderate Prices,”
as their motto, have stepped into the arena
with one of the best equipped establishments
and greatest variety of type and material in
the South. Everything is new, except the pro-
prietors and their able corps of workmen.
Messrs. Birdsall & McNish, these proprietors,
while new as a firm, are well known in the
community as men of probity and push. Mr.
Birdsall is especially well known, he having
for a long time been connected with the Daily
American as compositor, proof reader, and later
as a valued member of the staff, and subse-
quently, and for several years past as a mem-
ber of the printing and publishing firm of
Arnold & Birdsall. Through his endeavors
largely, the envied name the firm now has for
promptness and artistic work has been won.
Mr. S. A. McNish is a native of Nashville,
and has devoted his life to the “art preserva-
tive,” and amongst the craft is regarded as one
of the most accomplished printers in the State.
In March last he bought the interest of W. L.
Arnold, in the firm of Arnold & Birdsall, and
the quarters then occupied by that firm being
inadequate to the rapidly growing business, an
entirely new plant was purchased and removed
to the more commodious quarters of the Herald
S)
II ERALD JOB PRINTING OFFICE,
BIRDSALL & McNISH, NASH VILLE, TENN.
Building, 329 and 331 Church street. Most
every man has an eye for the beautiful, and
Messrs. Birdsall & McNish, being practical
printers, saw the growing demand for a high
class of work, and at the same time recognized
the necessity, owing to sharp competition, of
making it at a low price. They have been
enabled to do this by procuring all the latest
appliances, thus making a big saving in time
over the old methods, “Nothing succeeds like
success,” and the best evidence of the public's
appreciation of the efforts of Messrs. Birdsall
& McNish to meet the wants of their patrons is
the fact that the volume of their business has




136 THE CITY OF NASH I’ILLE.
more than doubled in the last six months.
They are not restricted in the class of work
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ALBERT B. TAVEL's PLACE, NASH VILLE, TENN.
produced, but are fully prepared to cover the
entire range of commercial printing, publish
books of all kinds, manufacture blank books,
rebind old books, etc.
With ample capital, the most improved
facilities and a thorough knowledge of the
business in all its ramifications and details,
the energy and capacity of these gentlemen
give assurance of continued and increased
Sllº Cess.
The DAVIE PRINTING Co., John F. Davie,
proprietor, occupies No. 223 North College
street, over the State Insurance Co. This
concern does a very considerable business. It
has a firstrate equipment of machinery and
presses, and has skilled labor employed. Its
specialty is commercial and job work.
Foster & WEBB, steam printers, publishers,
and blank book manufacturers, at 211 Church
street, between College and Market, have a
first class equipment of presses, type, ruling
machines and blank book machinery, and are
a leading Nashville house.
Their plant is new, and, in the purchase of
their machinery, they have spared neither
expense nor pains to procure the latest
improved, and best the market affords.
They employ from thirty to forty hands, and
have an experienced foreman on each floor;
and, by reason of the fact that both members
of the firm are young and active men, the
business and management is looked after with
more than ordinary zeal.
Their specialties are mercantile and bank
printing, book publishing and blank book
manufacturing.
Their trade extends outside of Nashville,
over a considerable portion of Alabama and
Tennessee.
Mr. Ed. W. Foster, of the firm, is a native of
Nashville, and has been identified with the
printing and stationery trades of Tennessee
from his youth, Mr. R. Pink Webb came to
Nashville when quite a boy, and has been in
the printing trade and business since that
time.
FURNITURE FACTORIES ; FLO URING MILLS.
A. J. WARREN, successor to Weakley &
Warren, is a manufacturer of and wholesale
and retail dealer in furniture and mattresses.
His factory is at Fairfield and Hermitage
avenues, and his office and salesrooms at 215
North College street.
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FOSTER & WEBB, PRINTERS, NASH VILLE, TENN,
In respect of its resources, stock carried,
hands employed and aggregate sales, this


THE CITY OF NASH ITILLE.
137
~/2
house is one
of the foremost of
its line in the South.
It is also one of the
oldest, that is to say,
longest established. It was
founded in December, 1863, by
Weakley & Warren. Mr. Weakley
retired in 1890, and Mr. Warren has
since continued the business, as
sole proprietor and manager. He owns the
fine red pressed brick building, eight stories
high, occupied by the house as its salesrooms.
It is the highest building in Nashville, and
is said to be the most handsomely finished also,
both externally and internally. The first floor
has a twenty foot ceiling, and a gallery in it
for the display of the lighter wares handled
by the house. Four other floors are used
as salesrooms, and here the finest furni-
ture and upholstered goods made are dis-
played.
The factory is appointed throughout with
the latest and most complete machinery for
the business, and it employs the very best of
skilled labor; among them, expert designers
and carvers. These employes number from
seventy-five to one hundred.
Mr. Warren does a very large wholesale
business throughout the South through his
traveling representatives, who have been
selected for this department of the business for
their courtesy as well as business capacity.
Some of his salesmen (and other employes
also) have been with him for over twenty-six
years.
s
A. J. WARREN'S
FURNITURE FACTORY.
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The plant of
the MoDEL, MILL
Co., at Nashville, is
sº shown in the cuts on
the following page. This
company was organized on
January 19, 1891, and the cor-
ner stone of the mills was laid on
the 10th of the following February.
The building is on the line of the
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, at
the junction of South Franklin and Cherry
streets. An order was given the Edward P.
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A. J. WARREN FURNITURE HOUSE, NASH VILLE,











































13S
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
Allis Co., of Milwaukee, Wis., the largest mill
building concern in the world, to spare no
MODEL MILLS, CHERRY STREET FRONT, NASH VILLE, TENN.
pains or expense in making it superior to any
winter wheat mill on the American continent.
How well these builders have succeeded, the
plant itself fully attests. Every miller who
has examined it pronounces it faultless.
This company’s brands of flour are now on
the market. They are known as follows:
Alliston, Boss Patent, Florena
Straight, Cake Taker, Extra
Fancy, Panola Fancy, Dandy
Choice, and Boom Family. All
who have tried them pronounce
them superb.
The mills are turning out one
thousand barrels per day of
these various brands, of a qual-
ity that gives complete satis-
faction to the trade.
The elevator attached to these
mills has a storage capacity
of 200,000 bushels, and is
built in the most approved
and substantial manner. It
is immediately adjoining and
has a side track both in front
and to the rear of the mill.
The plant of the Model Mill
Co. covers a space of 100x225
feet. To a miller it is a thing
of beauty, and to the ordinary
observer even, impressive.
Among the stockholders of this company are
some of the wealthiest and most wide-awake
citizens of Nashville; men who know, to use a
common phrase, “exactly what they are about.”
The officers of the company
are Wm. Litterer, president;
Wm. C. Myers, secretary,
and Jno. J. McCann, super-
intendent. They have large
experience in milling and
are the right men in the
right place. The trade can
at all times depend on hav-
ing its orders executed with
despatch, and that it will
receive through such orders
goods which are unexcelled
on the American continent.
The capital of the company
is ample for the transaction
of its business, and success
must surely crown the efforts
of such men as are at the
head of it. The trade of the
mill extends already from
this city to the sea, east and south, and is
being daily augmented by the business of new
customers.
COTTON MILLS.
THE NAs HVILLE Corton MILLs Co., of which
G. M. Fogg is president and T. B. DALLAs
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MODEL MILLS, NASH VILLE, TENN,
Showing Side Track and Line of Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.
treasurer and general manager, owns and
operates two cotton mills here; Mill “A,”



THE CITY OF NASHVILLE. 139
situated corner of Clay and Clinton streets, The Nashville Cotton Mills Co.'s Mill “A.”
and representing an invested capital of $450,000, has 12,000 spindles, and it was the first mill in
and the Mill “B,” situated on Robertson the South to begin the manufacture of the
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NASH VILLE COTTON MILLS Co.'s MILL “A.
street at the crossing of the Nashville, Chatta- finer grades of brown cotton. It produces
nooga & St. Louis Railroad. Mr. Fogg is sheetings, hosiery yarns, carpet warps, batts,
president also of the Dallas Manufacturing Co., wrapping, sewing and seine twine, and makes
which is building a mammoth Cotton Mill at specialties of the “Hermitage fine brown Sea
Huntsville, Ala., and Mr. Dallas is treasurer Island sheetings ’’ in different widths; soft,
and general manager of the business of that medium and hard laid Seine twine, fine grades
concern. Associated with these gentleman as of colored goods and book fold cheviot and
directors are: A. H. Robinson, superintendent printing cloths. Mill “B” makes hickory
of the Nashville City Transfer Co. and union shirting, plaids, colored carpet warp, colored
ticket agent here; James A. Thomas, yarn and twine, cotton yarn, single and twist,
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NASI IVILLE COTTON MILLS CO.'s MILL “B
insurance agent; Jno. P. Williams, vice- chain warps, ball twine, sewing twine and rope
president of the First National Bank; Dr. C. on reels and coils. Its specialty is colored
L. Lewis, a leading physician; and H. W. carpet warp, cotton batts, rope and twine.
Grantland, cashier of the First National Bank. These mills ship their products to all parts
The superintendent of the mills is W. H. of the country. Both are equipped throughout
Hinchcliff. - With the latest machinery, appliances and




















































140
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
devices for the business. They have both
been established about ten years now, and
have been very - successfully operated.
Together they furnish a livelihood to 650 of
the working classes of the city. The general
management of both, as has been Said, is in
the hands of Mr. T. B. Dallas, who, from his
experience in the industry, may be said to be
the representative cotton manufacturer of
Nashville.
The DALLAS MANUFACTURING COMPANY., of
Huntsville, Ala., is a corporation of Nashville,
Huntsville and Eastern capitalists, and the
office of its treasurer and general manager, T.
B. DALLAs, is here at the corner of Clay and
Clinton streets. This company has $500,000
capital stock. Its directors are G. M. Fogg, A.
H. Robinson, Leslie Warner, James A.
Thomas and T. B. Dallas, of Nashville; W. R.
Rison, J. R. Stevens, M. J. O’Shaughnessy
and Oscar Goldsmith, of Huntsville. Mr.
Fogg is its president; Mr. Rison, vice-presi-
dent; Mr. Dallas, treasurer as well as general
manager. When completed and put in full
operation, these mills will be the largest en-
gaged in the manufacture of cotton goods in
the South. They will employ about 1,700
hands, and will have an equipment of 50,000
spindles, and 1,500 looms. They will manu-
facture as a specialty brown and bleached
sheeting from thirty-six to 108 inches wide,
something never before undertaken by any
Southern mill.
Mr. Fogg, the president of this company, is
of East & Fogg, leading railway attorneys of
Nashville. He is the president also of the
Nashville Cotton Mills Company just de-
scribed, and Mr. Dallas is treasurer of that
institution.
These new mills, it is expected, will be com-
pleted by January 1st, 1892.
MISCELLANEOUS MANUEACTURES.
THE MOERLEIN-GERST BREWING Co. of 823 to
887 South High street, Nashville, was originally
established under another name, but has made
greatest progress since it fell into the hands of
its present proprietors, Christian Moerlein and
Wm. Gerst, both of the great Moerlein Brew-
ing Co. of Cincinnati. &
Its establishment, covering half a Square on
South High street, with grounds environing it
belonging to the plant, comprising several
acres more, is complete in itself. It has its
own malt houses, stables, cooperage depart-
ment, ice works and bottling works, the latter
the largest in the South. It has machines of
the Delavergne patent for creating artificial
refrigeration and has a capacity for the pro-
duction of 100,000 barrels a year and the
bottling of 2,000 dozen a day. -
An engraving, showing its external appear-
ance, faces this matter.
It is the only brewery in Nashville, and its
products, known as “Nashville Lager’’ and
“Pilsener,” are sold, not in Tennessee merely,
but throughout Southern Kentucky, Alabama
and Arkansas, and indeed the entire South.
Since last July it has been selling a new brand
of bottled beer known as “Old Jug Lager,” a
very high grade of beer, produced from the
choicest barley malt and Bohemian hops.
The jugs used for this brand are imported from
Glasgow, Scotland.
John C. VAUPEL, himself a brewer of many
years’ experience here and elsewhere, is
manager of this establishment.
DIEHL & LORD, bottlers of beer, and manu-
facturers of carbonated beverages, cider,
extracts, etc., of Memphis and Nashville, have
their place of business here at the corner of
Front and Church streets. They are the
oldest, largest and leading establishment of
the kind in Tennessee, and they have trade in
nearly all parts of the South.
The business was established here in 1866,
and at Memphis, where the firm name is
DIEHL & DANPURY, in 1868. Mr. ADAM DIEHL
is the resident partner and manager. He
supervises the sales from here and the factory,
and bottling works, a place, 110 x 120 feet, at
Church and Front streets, equipped throughout
with appliances and appointments for the
business. Attached to it is a large refrigerator
for storing Lion (Cincinnati), Milwaukee and
F. W. Cook’s celebrated Evansville (Indiana)
beers, for which the house is sole agent.
Diehl & Lord are manufacturers and refiners
of pure, sweet, crab, pear, peach and Orange
cider, which is sold by them, in barrels and
half barrels, and they handle also pure cider
vinegar, in barrels. Their specialties are soda
founts, carbonated in any manner desired;
sparkling orange juice, in pints and quarts, a
pure and healthful beverage; “X X X” Bel-
fast ginger ale, in pints, quarts and half
barrels; bright and sparkling champagne
cider, in pints and quarts, which is received
with great favor wherever introduced; and
mineral waters, viz., Deep Rock, Bethesda,
Tate, Horn's and Blue Lick.
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THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
About fifty hands are employed in this
establishment. Mr. Lord, of the original firm,
retired some three years ago, leaving Mr.
Diehl sole proprietor of the business here.
NASH VILLE ICE FACTORY.
The NASPIVILLE ICE FACTORY, corner of Union
and Walnut streets, opposite the Union Depot,
was one of the first concerns established in
this country for the manufacture of artificial
ice, and is one of the largest establishments of
the kind in the country. It was originally
located in another part of the city, but was
moved to the premises now occupied by it,
which were built especially for it some seven
years ago. Lately large additions have been
made to its already extensive plant, so that
now, with machinery of the very latest device
for the business, it is as complete as any works
of the kind in the land. It has a double nest
of boilers, and three compressors of about 200
horse power, its own stables, shops, etc., and
unexcelled facilities, in fact, for the business.
It operates under the Boyle Compression
System, and its capacity is about fifty-five tons
daily, or 10,000 tons a year, nearly all of which
is taken by the city trade. It employs forty
hands, and has $150,000 invested in its estab-
lishment.
The company that owns these works was
organized in 1879. It has $120,000 capital.
W. A. Archison, a physician of the city, and
a director of the American National Bank of
Nashville, is its president; E. B. CRIDDLE, sec-
retary, treasurer and general manager, and
E. H. Prou E, formerly of Pigue, Manier & Co.,
wholesale boots and shoes, cashier and super-
intendent.
| The directors are Messrs. Atchison and Crid-
dle, R. H. Goodson and S. L. Demoville of
Demoville & Co., wholesale druggists; E. H.
Pigue, cashier and superintendent of delivery;
Wm. Porter and F. A. Shepherd, capitalists;
T. J. O'Keefe, of O'Keefe & Walsh, dry goods
merchants, and H. Metz, clothier.
MILLER's OIL Works, located on
the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis Railroad at Watkins street, are
a notable Nashville enterprise.
These works have an equipment
which has no superior anywhere.
Refineries and oil wells in Western
Pennsylvania, are owned or con-
trolled and operated by these works.
These refineries have a capacity of
400,000 barrels of oil a year.
Miller's Oil Works own their tank
cars for transporting bulk oils from
refineries to shipping points, and
are prepared to fill orders for any
amount.
High test oils, gasolines and lubri-
cating oils made by these works have the
highest reputation both in this country and
Europe. Their special brand “Oleine” oil is
non-explosive, and is generally considered the
best made from petroleum. Another of their
specialties, “Red Seal” oil, is 175 degrees fire
test, and cannot be exploded. It is the best
illuminating oil made. Their cylinder oils,
“Perfection” and “Excelsior,” are as their
names indicate, “perfect” and “excellent” in
the highest degree, of all other cylinder oils.
Mr. J. B. Miller, who for years had charge
of the exporting branch of the business of
these works at Baltimore, has taken the man-
agement of the Nashville agency and Southern
territory. He has associated with him Mr.
Ed. R. Pennebaker, who will look after trade
in this city and have charge of the books.
J. W. BRAID, electrician, of 207 Union street,
does the largest business in the South in elec-
trical instruments and supplies, and in elec-
trical furnishing by contract. He does work
for all parts of the Southern country, from
the Ohio to the Gulf, and has fitted up some of
the finest and largest buildings, not here alone,
but throughout the States adjacent with
electrical appointments. He has five hands
usually employed in his factory and workshop,
and he carries a stock of instruments, appa-
ratus and devices valued at $5,000.
The following, among other jobs, indicate
the character of the contracts he has executed :
The Duncan House, the principal hotel of the
city, provided by him with incandescent
lights, annunciators, fire alarm, call bells, etc.;







THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
143
the Brandon Printing Co.'s place, a six story
building, fitted out also with complete lighting
and signalling appointments; the Cumberland
Presbyterian Publishing House, likewise
equipped throughout; the Gardner building
on Cherry street, a seven story structure with
basement, and one of the most thoroughly
appointed buildings from an electrician's stand-
point in the country; and numerous residences
of the city hardly inferior to these in the
expenditure made upon them for electrical
conveniences.
Mr. Braid is one of the oldest, also, of
Southern electricians, that is to say, longest
engaged in the business. He is a native of
Scotland, but was employed as a boy, in New
York City in the manufacture of telegraph
instruments. He has been engaged in the pro-
fession here for twenty years, and has been
running a large establishment for twelve years.
He is frequently called upon as an expert in
litigation over electrical matters, and is also
employed to adjust differences in the business.
John A. McEwen, of 221 North Cherry
street, and 400 to 404 North Front street,
operates a shirt factory, a steam laundry and
a steam dye works, which altogether employ
over 100 hands. He began business here first
in 1880 in the gents’ furnishing goods line,
and started in a modest way with but small
resources. In 1881 he embarked in the
manufacture of shirts, and in 1888 sold out his
furnishing goods business and devoted his
attention to his factory, auxiliary to which has
been developed, meantime, the laundry and
dye house.
This was the first laundry and dye house
established here, and is the largest concern,
take it for all in all, in the South. Before it
was started, all the dying business of any
importance had to be sent away. Now its
facilities are such, so complete, in fact, in the
way of machinery and other accessories, as to
monopolize almost all the work of this kind
done here. The fact that it pays express
charges both ways to any point in the United
States, draws it many customers from every
state in the Union, and even from the States of
Mexico.
Mr. McEwen makes shirts to order. He has
an agent on the road selling for him in various
parts of the State and those adjacent. His
laundry has agents in all large towns through-
out the South, and thus does an out of town as
well as city business, and his dye works make
a specialty of cleaning and repairing.
The EcLIPsF MANUFACTURING Co., which is
engaged in the manufacture of jeans and staple
clothing by steam power, at 342 Public Square,
is one of the leading houses of that line in the
South. Its business was established many
years ago, and grew so, that in 1889 the prin-
cipals in the concern procured a charter and
incorporated. These principals are L. B. FITE,
president, and VoINEY JAMEs, secretary and
treasurer. Mr. Fite manages the manufacturing
concerns and sales departments of the house,
Mr. James the office and finances.
This factory employs 130 hands. It runs
nearly a hundred sewing machines. Its out-
put aggregates some 14,000 dozen garments a
year. These are sold in Southern Kentucky,
Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia,
Florida, Texas and Arkansas, in which terri-
tory the house has three traveling men. Its
specialty is jeans pants, and it has acquired
reputation for the quality and workmanship of
these products almost everywhere in the
South.
The SouTHERN Soda WoRks, 99 to 103 Broad
street, began business early in 1890 with about
fifteen hands employed and an output daily of
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ECLIPSE MANU FACTURING Co.'s ESTABLISHMENT,
NASH VILLE, TENN.
1,500 pounds. Now, they employ sixty hands,
and turn out 18,000 pounds a day, which is

144
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
sold throughout the entire South. They manu-
facture bi-carbonate or cooking soda of the
“Star” brand, which, for strength, purity,
whiteness and quality, cannot be surpassed.
It is put up in 60-pound boxes, either in half,
three-quarter or pound packages, or assorted
pounds and halves, and is sold to jobbers only.
The company that established these works is
incorporated with $100,000 authorized capital.
FRED T. CUMMINs is its president and man-
ager; Wm. J. Cummins, vice-president, and
Irby Bennett, secretary and treasurer.
CUMMINS BROs, merchandise brokers of 99
Broad street (noticed on page 93), are sole
agents for the company in the United States.
The FAIRVIEW DAIRY, situated in East Nash-
ville, supplies the product furnished by Some
thirty-five milch cows to a large city trade. It
is owned by C. F. & E. P. SHIELTON, and has
down town headquarters for delivery purposes
at 137 South College street.
Mr. E. P. Shelton manages affairs at the
dairy, and C. F. is manager and financial man
of its city business. The latter also runs a
large feed stable on South College street, which
is described in another part of this work.
The DR. HENDERSHOTT MEDICINE Co., of 452
North College street, is successor to Dr. G. W.
Hendershott, who has been practicing his pro-
fession and engaged in the drug business here
for the last forty years. He established him-
self in the wholesale drug trade here in 1878,
and organized this company the better to
extend the sale of his specialties in 1887.
This company manufactures Dr. Thorton’s
celebrated English remedies, namely: The
“Liver, Chill and Blood Purifier;” “Kidney
Cure, or Woman’s Friend;” “Family Lini-
ment, or World’s Wonder;” “Wake Robin
Pills,” “All Healing Salve,” “Dead Shot
Worm Candy,” soothing syrup and horse
liniment.
and highly esteemed throughout the South,
and are sold by all druggists.
I)r. Hendershott is compounding manager of
manufacture of these remedies from the
These are particularly well-known
original formulae. He has associated with him,
as partners in the business, A. W. and J. R.
Clapp, natives of Wisconsin, but residents here
for several years. Mr. A. W. Clapp is still
interested in the lumber business in his native
State. He is general manager of the business
of the house. His brother is a traveling sales-
man for it. Other traveling men are employed
by this house, and regularly visit its trade in
Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama, and other
parts.
F. G. BALTISH WILER, ornamental painter of
the Olympic Theater Building, has been a resi-
dent of this city and foremost in his profes-
Sion since the close of the war. He served
with credit in the Federal army and when
peace was declared he settled here. He was
engaged for years in designing and drawing
for various firms in this city; also as art teacher
in Some of the foremost female colleges of the
South, and his pictures have found place in
Some of our finest residences. Finding art in
itself not patronized enough, he chose the pro-
fession of a sign, ornamental, flag and banner
painter, and the handsome banners exhibited
by the different labor associations of the city
are his handiwork. Mr. Baltishwiler fur-
nishes designs and drawings of every descrip-
tion upon application and his taste is generally
acknowledged.
“JAXON,” Scene, sign and ornamental painter
of 163 North Summer street, settled here in
1885. He had been the advertising agent for
the Blackwell's Durham Tobacco Co. and in
that capacity had traversed the entire South,
and finding Nashville to his liking, eventually
took up a permanent residence here. Since
then he has executed some of the finest work
in his line ever done here. -
The windows of the Jesse French Piano &
Organ Co., on Summer street, are his work,
and are, admittedly, the finest job of gold and
silver work in the Southern States.
Mr. Jaxon has a special brass sign works
department and engravers employed for that.
He does work for all parts of the South.

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THE STATE OF TENNESSEE.
INTRODUCTORY PARA GRAPHS.
HERE is, in the heart of the
A South, a commonwealth
of a million and three-quar-
and somewhat narrow State,
in outline the figure of a
rhomboid, stretching from
the lowlands of the Missis-
sippi river on the west, to the
rugged peaks of the Appalachian chain on
the east, upon and above the line of the
thirty-fifth parallel.
This commonwealth is an old one ; in its
history more than one great personage of the
nation figures. Its people subsist by agricul-
ture, mining, commerce, manufactures; and
are alive, like their brethren of the Southern
group of States, to the prospect unfolded it by
utilization of its vast natural resources, which
are similar in kind, and scarcely inferior either
in quality or extent, to those that have con-
creted the Keystone State of the Union, the
great State of Pennsylvania.
This central and fruitful State of the South,
lies in the border land between the temperate
and sub-tropic zones; it is blest therefore, as a
whole, with a climate of mellower mean than
either of these. From its infinite variety of
surface and Soil, it derives that ample measure
of enrichment which comes from diversified
production; it rejoices indeed, in a super-
abundance of cotton, corn, tobacco, wheat,
fine stock, hardwoods, iron, coal, marble—all
the staples, nearly, in fact, of the field, the
forest and the mine. Three noble and naviga-
ble rivers traverse it; draining it, fructifying
ters souls, occupying a long
it, affording it avenues of transportation. It
sustains four large cities, seats of its industries,
of eighty-five thousand, sixty-five thousand,
forty thousand and thirty thousand inhabitants
respectively. And its enterprise is burdened
with a lighter load of the backward negro race
than there is in any of the other old slave
States.
PAST AND PRESENT CONTRASTED.
THIs commonwealth, this State, is Tennessee,
the fame of which, only a few years ago—
scarcely more than a generation—in many of
the pursuits that now give it prestige, was not
greatly extended.
To its cousins at the North, many of whom
are now identified with its interests by invest-
ment, its praises were sounded chiefly in negro
melodies; it was of note mostly for its corn
stills, its thoroughbreds, its baronies of cotton
and planting gentry. Its great cities of to-day,
Memphis, the first of inland cotton markets;
Nashville, a commercial, manufacturing and
educational, as well as political capital; Knox-
ville, steadily rising in importance as an
industrial center; Chattanooga, a lesser Pitts-
burg, were towns, river landings, mere vil-
lages.
It had, indeed, contributed its quota of
characters illustrious in the service of the
State; heroic figures like Jackson, or with a
touch also of the romantic-like Houston of
San Jacinto and Crockett of the Alamo;
stately-like Benton; respectable, rising a little
above mediocrity like Polk and Johnson. But
while these individuals were largely instru-
mental in the molding of our prodigious


146
THE STATE OF TENNESSEE
empery of the West and Southwest, it had
small part in that tremendous material develop-
ment which has made us powerful and glorious
among the nations of earth. It was rich in the
resources that are attractions for enterprise,
that support large populations and that aggran-
dize communities; yet, measured by the pro-
gress of the States of the West, its growth was
slow. With its bowels gorged with inesti-
mable wealth of iron and coal, its advance-
ment was restricted mainly to the furtherance
of agriculture, by a social system which
(though in less degree than in its neighbors of
the South) was discouraging to free labor, and
to a forward spirit generally.
All this now, happily for the State, is
changed; and all this now, except for the con-
trast it affords of the present with the past, it
would be unnecessary and unprofitable to re-
call. What was good in the ancien regime we
have no occasion to remark; the social graces
it engendered, the ancestral pride, the chival-
rous spirit—these are matters for the con-
sideration of the historian, the essayist, the
writers of tales and romance; and the issues
of politics that were involved in the change
that came over this State, are hardly subjects
here for cold discussion.
THE CHANG E THIROUGH WAR.
THE transition came through war, a terrible
corrective, but in this case not altogether an
unmitigated affliction. The old order of
things was burned out, rooted out with fire
and sword, amid the thunders of artillery and
the smoke of ravaged fields and pillaged cities.
It gave way for the new, which rose, in the
serenity of peace, like the dawn over the hill
tops of the State, ushering in the morning of
regeneration, the era of restoration for Ten-
IleSS620. t
The same forces that struck the shackles
from the slave, burst the bonds that held the
dominant race in the restraints of a system
which was picturesque, patriarchal, high-toned,
perhaps, but repugnant to the spirit of the
age. The scales fell from the eyes, that,
blinded by a delusive prosperity saw, but
hardly heeded the treasures under foot, the
ledges of marble and iron, the layers upon
layers of coal, and besides these the affluence
of forest resource, from all which, and from
the manufactures that have originated in them,
the later prosperity of the State has largely
proceeded. -
In the evolution of new industries, the old
however, have not been neglected; those of
the soil have been prosecuted with vigor, and
the agricultural yield of the State is now
greater than in the palmy days before the
war, to which we have referred. The wealth
of the State has been especially augmented in
the period covered by the census reports of
1890. It is a matter of regret to the compilers
of this work that the statistics showing its
advancement in that period are not yet avail-
able; that its progress must be gauged by
other information, and must be stated, if at
all, in general terms.
THE STORY OF TENNESSEE.
A WORD first as to its history. It was the
earliest of the States West of the Alleghanies
settled by persons of British blood. Its
pioneers found, however, a few French traders.
already on the ground, for one of whom,
Timothy Demonbreum, a street in its capital
has been named, In the original colony,
which migrated from North Carolina before
the Revolution, the Scotch-Irish stock of that
province predominated, and to this hardy
breed and their issue the country is indebted,
not merely for the founding of the State, but
for the decisive victory of New Orleans, in
which battle, under the orders of Jackson,
they bore the brunt of the fight. The white
inhabitants to-day are largely of this deriva-
tion; a matter of interest in connection with
the fact, that the State has a remarkably
small percentage of people of foreign birth.
Tennessee, at first, was merely a county of
North Carolina. In 1790, by cession of that
State, it became a part of the “Southwest
Territory.” Its present name, signifying in
the Indian tongue, the “River of the Big
Bend,” was given it upon its admission to the
Union in 1796.
It seceded May 6, 1861, but for a part of the
time during the war, two governments were
maintained in it, upheld respectively, by the
opposing North and South. While that war
lasted it was almost continuously a theater of
conflict. The battles of Shiloh or Pittsburg
Landing, in which the Confederate general
Albert Sidney Johnston was killed, of Island
No. 10, Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain
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14S THE STATE
OF TENNESSEE.
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LULA FALLS, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.
(the Battle among the Clouds), Murfreesboro,
Stone River and Nashville, were fought upon
its soil. It was re-admitted in July, 1866.
This is the story, in a nutshell, of Tennessee.
AN ARRAY SIMPLY () F. FACT.
IDIMITATIONS of time, space, and purpose,
prevent more than the merest allusion in this
chapter, to many matters of general interest
perhaps, concerning Tennessee. Our sketch
of the State is intended simply to direct atten-
º
º
º
|
tion to some of the more salient feat-
ures of its progress, present condition
and resources; a marshalling of va-
rious facts with something of order
and arrangement, is all therefore, at-
tempted hereinafter.
Tennessee is naturally divided, by
its conformation, into three districts,
and it is customary among its people
to consider it a State of three distinct
parts: East Tennessee, the mountain
country, abounding in coal, iron,
marbles and timber, with many
charming, productive Valleys along
the two great rivers, the Tennessee
and Cumberland, and their tribu-
taries; Middle Tennessee, a plateau
region, embracing the rich walley of
the Cumberland, over which Nash-
wille is regnant; and West Tennessee,
comprising the bluff lands and bottoms
of the region between the Tennessee
river and the Mississippi.
The total area of the State is
42,050 square miles, or 27,000,000
acres, that is, just about the size of
Virginia, a little smaller than Penn-
Sylvania, and slightly larger than
Ohio. Notwithstanding the moun-
tainous character of its eastern side,
only four and one-half per cent of
the State is considered absolutely un-
productive.
Of its total area, 41% per cent, or
10,825,000 acres, is woodland, covered
largely with timber of commercial
value. The lands susceptible of tilth
at present are estimated 65 per cent
of the whole, and of the total area,
37.2 per cent (over 8,000,000 acres) is
cultivated, not quite four per cent of
it in grass.
The tax valuation of the lands of the State
in 1890 was $167,000,000, or about $6.50 average
an acre, which does not, certainly, seem ex-
cessive, for the crop, that year, of its eight mil-
lions and odd acres under cultivation was
estimated worth $96,000,000, equal to $12 an
acre average.
à i
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TENN ESSEE FARM I? I?OI) UCTS.
THE average cotton crop of the State is
212,000 bales, valued at $10,500,000; the aver-

THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. 149
age wheat crop, 9,500,000 bushels, worth Potatoes and other early vegetables and ber-
about the same as the cotton; the average corn ries are largely sent North from Nashville.
crop, 47,000,000 bushels, worth $22,500,000; the The berry crop of west Tennessee last year
average oat crop, 8,129,000 bushels, $3,100,000; was worth $1,000,000 to the growers, and the
--
- -º-
º -
RESIDENCE OF B. J. M. C. CARTHY, NASH VILLE, TENN.
the average tobacco crop, 31,500,000 pounds, potatoes shipped from three counties of middle
2,250,000. These are the staples of the State, Tennessee fetched $200,000.
but hay, potatoes, fruits, peanuts, broom corn The peanut crop of the State is valued
and other produce, are grown also largely. ordinarily at $600,000.


150
THE STATE OF TENNESSEE.
The live stock of all kinds on farms in Ten-
nessee is valued at over $55,000,000 in the
aggregate; the horses 290,000 in number are
considered worth $22,000,000; the 190,000
mules, $15,307,500; the 817,614 head of cattle,
$11,252,000; 430,000 sheep, $835,000; and
2,000,000 hogs, $5,900,000. -
The State is of note as a breeding place for
stock. Choice strains of cattle, sheep, hogs
and horses were introduced years ago, and
special attention has been given to the raising
of fine horses and mules. A leading industry
in some parts of the State is the maturing of
young mules bought in other parts. Columbia,
Maury county, is one of these maturing places.
The thoroughbred cross in the Tennessee mule
makes him extensively in demand. . .
The neighborhood of Nashville is famous for
its nurseries of racing horses. The most cele-
brated of its breeding studs of runners has
already been described in an earlier chapter of
this work; the most celebrated of its breeding
studs of trotters is that which is sketched as
follows: - . -
The HERMITAGE STUD is an incorporated
breeding farm situated about five miles south
of the city, on the Franklin Pike, devoted to
the rearing and development of trotting stock.
It was organized in 1887 by several of the most
noted land and horse owners of this vicinity,
who put their possessions together and com-
bined five beautiful farms in the outskirts of
this city, 3,000 acres altogether, for the pur-
pose. On this tract are the barns, paddocks,
the blue grass fields and the speeding track,
seven-eighths of a mile in circumference, used
in the training of the youngsters at the farm.
The proprietors maintain about 100 finely bred
trotters of their own on the place, most of
them brood mares, besides 65 to 75 boarders.
Many of the animals owned by the company
are representatives of the most fashionable
trotting families of the country. During the
last four years, ever since the company was
organized in fact, its management has been en-
gaged diligently in buying and getting together
as choice a stock of fine horses of this class as
the country affords. The stallions on the
place, five in number, sons of Belmont, Elec-
tioneer, Nutwood, Pancoast and well known
both by name and performance, are Wedge-
wood, bred by A. J. Alexander, Bow Bells,
Ponce de Leon, Bonnie Wood and Candidate.
Among the mares will be found daughters of
George Wilkes and many of his most noted
sons, of Cuyler, Mambrino-Patchen and
Alealde; and sons of Hambletonian and Mam-
brino Chief. *
Efficient and experienced employes are
retained for the training of the stock on the
place. V. L. Kirkman is president of the
company; John Thompson, secretary, and
May Overton, manager. These gentlemen and
Messrs. J. M. and R. L. Overton, are the
directors. .
President Kirkman is a native of the State
and a representative business man of Nash-
ville. He is president also of the Hermitage
Club and a director of the American National
Bank, and is also an officer of the Cumberland
Driving Park Association and other concerns
here. Secretary Thomson has been a farmer
and business man hereabouts nearly all his
life. Manager Overton is identified also with
the Cumberland Driving Park Association.
Directors J. M. and R. L. Overton are mana-
gers of the Bon Air Coal and Coke Co. here.
The Hermitage Stud farm is situated on both
sides of the Franklin Pike, and can be reached
from the city by the Overland Dummy railway.
Its gates are open to all lovers of the horse,
and a hearty welcome is extended to horse-
men to visit and examine the place.
MINERAL WEALTH OF THE STATE,
TENNESSEE is one of the richest of the States
in iron ore and coal; and of marble is the
principal Source of the domestic supply of the
Union. In 1890, 300,000 tons of pig iron were
produced in the State, 250,000 tons more than
in 1880, and 65,000 more than the whole South
in 1872. Besides the vast field of the Eastern
parts of the State, there is a Western iron
belt covering fifteen counties nearly, and
having an area of 100 miles by 50. Nashville
is centrally situated with respect to this belt,
and has two furnaces operating upon the pro-
duct of its mines. The ore is a brown hema-
tite, very free from sulphur and well adapted
to steel making.
There are 3,500 square miles of charcoal lands
within easy reach of this field; enough, it is
computed, to run 40 fifty-ton furnaces for many
years. The coking coals of Cumberland county
are only 140 miles haul from it. It is believed
that 10,000 persons additional could be em-
ployed, and $10,000,000 annual product made
from this belt, if it were thoroughly util-
ized. .
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(151)

152 THE STATE OF TENNESSEE
OTHER MANU FACTURES.
THE timber of the State is largely
hardwood, such as is used in the
making of wagons, furniture and fine
interior house finish. Excellent
poplar, a wood greatly in demand for
furniture manufacture, is especially
abundant in the State.
Tennessee had, at last accounts,
442 saw mills, 29 shingle mills, 169
planing mills, 12 stave mills and 32
sash and blind factories. Sixty log-
ging railroads and 21 dry kilns were
counted as auxiliaries of these con-
cerns. The daily capacity in feet of
these mills was 5,400,000, and the
value of their product $10,800,000 a
year.
Tennessee had 16 cotton mills in
1880; it now has 35 with 116,783
spindles. Besides the advantage
these mills have in the price of raw
cotton bought at their doors, they
pay 25 per cent less wages than in
the North, and have 10 to 20 per cent
more product per loom; so that some
of them are enabled to declare 20 to
40 per cent dividends as against 6 to
10 in New England. This statement
we present on the authority of the
Boston, Mass., Commercial Bulletin.
It has 379 distilleries, producing
$5,000,000 of product annually.
TENNESSEE SCENERY.
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.
Iron was mined in this field so long ago as
1790. The late Montgomery Bell of Nashville
furnished cannon balls made from its ores for
the defense of New Orleans in 1814.
Tennessee's advantage in the manufacture of
iron lies in the proximity of the materials for
it, the iron and eoal and limestone employed
in the work of the furnaces. The manufacture
of basic steel has been made a success at Chat-
tanooga, at a cost less than in the North, and
approximating the expense for it in Europe.
Tennessee ranks fifth of the States in pro-
duction of coal, with nearly 2,000,000 tons
mined in 1890, an increase over 1880 of 1,400,-
000 tons. As a coke producer it is fourth.
VARIOUS MATTERS.
TENNESSEE had 1,843 miles of rail-
road in 1880; now it has 2,901, oper-
ated chiefly by three organizations,
the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis, hereto-
fore described, the Louisville & Nashville, and
East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia roads.
Tennessee has 151 banks with a capital of
$16,168,400 and deposits of $36,227,492.
Tennessee has a population, by the census
of 1890, of 1,763,723 persons. At the rate of
increase shown since the last census was
taken, in 1900 it should have, 2,034,454. It
has 38 denizens to the square mile, and at
Pennsylvania's per centage in this particular
(a State of similar characteristics and not a
whit richer), could sustain, easily, over 5,000-
000. It has, like all the South, a very large
birth rate, something like 38, as compared with


THE STATE OF TENNESSEE
15:3
New Hampshire's 19; so that its natural
increase is double the amount of the Granite
State.
Its four principal cities, Nashville, Memphis,
Chattanooga and Knoxville, have increased in
population, as a group, during the last ten
years, 84 per cent. Nashville has, by the last
census taken, 76,309 inhabitants; Memphis,
65,486; Chattanooga, 29,109, and Knoxville,
21,181.
The taxable values of Tennessee are nearly
$350,000,000, an increase of $25,000,000 in one
year and $125,000,000 in four. The revenue of
the State is about $1,875,000 a year. The
largest expenditure of the State is for public
TENNESSEE
schools. It is estimated that the State and the
various counties and cities expend for free
education over $2,000,000 a year. Like the
other Southern States it is remarkably liberal
in this regard.
The State University at Knoxville has 275
free scholarships. The chapter of this work on
the schools of Nashville, indicates sufficiently
the educational facilities of one, at least of the
Tennessee cities, without further remark.
Other State institutions maintained, are a
school for the blind, at Nashville, and three
insane asylums, one in each of the three
divisions of the State of which we have here-
tofore spoken.
SCENERY.
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway.

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THE WEST END OF NASHVILLE.
.AN : IMPORTANT PROJECT.
HE new park, located at the
terminus of West End ave-
nue in Nashville, is, perhaps,
the enterprise now attract-
ing most attention there.
This beautiful property be-
longs to the West End Land
Company, a local corporation, composed
of some of the leading and wealthiest citi-
zens of Nashville. Driving out West End
avenue, which may properly be termed the great
Boulevard of Nashville, one passes the lovely
grounds of Vanderbilt University and the cele-
brated Cockrill Spring, and then a few hundred
feet beyond the present terminus of the United
Electric Car Limes, the eye rests upon a piece
of property, which, no doubt, is destined, in
the near future, to be the garden spot of this
Queen city of the South.
This park property consists of 140 acres and
lies between West End avenue extended and
the Northwestern Railroad. Surrounding it on
all sides is an eighty foot avenue. At present
what most attracts the attention of the visitor
is the superb gate entrance facing West End
avenue, a cut of which is presented here with.
A [IAN IDSO ME ( ; ,\TEWAY.
THE design of the owners of this beautiful
property is to make a private park for resi-
dence purposes. There will be four gate
entrances. The one on West End avenue,
already referred to, is the main entrance, and
with its Porter’s Lodge and stone walls extend-
ing out therefrom, is, perhaps, one of the most
artistic structures of the kind in the country.
Its construction alone cost Some seven or eight
thousand dollars. . To the right and facing
Poston avenue there Will be another entrance,
reached by Euclid avenue running to the north
of the property, which avenue is eighty feet
wide. The third entrance leads out from Grand
avenue, which extends through the property
and is near the railroad, where, it is contem-
plated, a station will be established. The
fourth gate entrance will be erected on the
Tenth street road.
ſ
k - |
THE ROADS AND DRIVES.
DRIVEs have been constructed through this
property and the roads have been made upon
the most approved methods; the Telford
Macadam Plan of construction, described as
follows, has been adopted: Large bedding
stone are laid upon a well graded road which
follows the undulations of the land; upon this
large broken stone are placed and are rolled
by an enormously heavy steam road roller; and
for surfacing material fine broken stone and
dust are used as binding material. This gives
a compact and perfect road and one that will
last for many years and require but slight repair.
, Winding through the property, these roads
offer the most delightful drives; they disclose
a prospect and landscapes which will very soon
be dotted with villas and handsome suburban
homes.
A PLACE STRICTLY FOR HO MES.
Both gas and water will be provided for
the property, and other features affording its
occupants the full benefits of a city residence.
And overlooking, as it does, the city, lying at
its very feet, the height of the property
insures a delightful climate for it in the sum-
mer, and a freedom from dust and smoke,
which in all large cities is becoming a serious
objection to residence inside.
Subdivisions will not be less than one acre,
and according to the topography of the ground
may, in the maximum, reach two and a
half or three acres. It is contemplated that
there shall be no inside fences upon this tract,
the whole property being surrounded and pro-
tected from the intruding public by a sub-
stantial outer fence running from one gate
entrance to another. This absence of fences
on the interior, except such as may be con-
structed at the rear of the premises and not
visible from the drive ways, will give to the
property a park-like appearance. Along the
entire front, to a depth of 150 feet, a lawn
stretches itself out, which is reserved purely as
an ornamental spot and will be further beauti-
fied by flowers. Just on the interior of the
fence line, reservations are made of strips of
land which will be planted with trees, and
other ground in the park will be reserved for
ornamental purposes.


156
THE CITY OF NASH VILLE.
There is one other condition: It is to be a
part of the contract and agreement of this
company with purchasers from it, that there
shall never be any kind of mercantile business
carried on within the bounds of this place; it
is to be strictly for fine residence purposes, and
no cheap tenement or inferior house will be
permitted to be built upon it.
SCENIC CHARMS.
STANDING on one of the delectable elevations,
which are the most striking characteristic of
this property, the eye rests upon the city of
Nashville lying just below; and the line of
vision may be extended further on to embrace
the course of the Cumberland, winding away
until it finally fades from sight in the distant
and blue-topped knobs, that are the spurs of
the Cumberland Mountains. Nature seems to
have been prodigal in making this particular
spot one of the most attractive near the city of
Nashville, and to have specially designed it
for the purpose to which it is now to be put.
The success of the enterprise is assured, for it
meets a long-felt want. As our cities grow
in population and wealth, those whose means
enable them, naturally seek to get away from
the dust and clamor of city life, and this new
park offers an elysium, unsurpassed in
pleasing features, where the tired toiler of the
city can rest and recuperate from his labors.
THE NEW MAYOR OF NASHVILLE.
- CITY election was held in Nashville
A while the earlier pages of this work
were in press, and a new executive
was chosen by the citizens to succeed Mr.
Litterer, mention of whom is made on page 11
of this book.
GEORGE BLACKMORE GUILD, now Mayor of the
city of Nashville, was born in Gallatin, Tenn.
After attending schools at that place, he en-
tered the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa,
and remained there two years; but his colle-
giate education was finished at Cumberland
TJniversity, where he attained the degree of
B. A., and was valedictorian of his class.
He then entered the law department of this
University, but remained for one term only.
His legal education was completed in the office
of his father, the late Judge Jo. C. Guild.
He commenced the practice of his profession
at Gallatin, in 1859. Shortly afterwards he
was appointed clerk and master of the Chan-
cery Court, which position he held until the
breaking out of the late war. Then he enlisted
in the Confederate Army. He served as adju-
tant of the 4th Tennessee Cavalry throughout
the entire period of hostilities, participated in
all the marches and battles in which the Army
of Tennessee was engaged, and surrendered
at Charlotte, N. C., in May, 1865.
Returning to his home at Gallatin then, he
resumed the practice of the law as a member
of the firm of Guild & Blackmore. Upon the
restoration of the franchise, he was elected a
member of the first State Legislature that met .
after the adoption of the new Constitution, and
represented the counties of Smith, Sumner and
Macon therein. In 1872, he removed to Nash-
ville, and has since resided there, practicing
his profession as a member of the firm of Guild
& Dodd, and at present as senior member of
the firm of Guild & Reid.
Capt. Guild is president of the State Board
of Confederate Pension Examiners, an honor-
ary position without compensation. He was
nominated for Mayor by a mass meeting of
Democratic citizens of Nashville on the night
of September 8th, 1891, and, after a very heated
contest, he and the five councilmen on the
ticket with him were elected by a handsome
majority. His term will expire in 1893.
CoL. BAXTER SMITH, attorney, of 45 and 46
Baxter Court, has been a prominent lawyer of
Nashville ever since the war. During the war
he served with distinction on the side of the
Confederacy as a colonel of cavalry, and, at its
close, was in command of what was known as
the Texas Brigade of Cavalry, including Terry’s
famous Texas Rangers. Col. Smith has been
local attorney for the Louisville & Nashville
Railroad for twenty years. He has been ap-
pointed special supreme justice several times,
and has represented Davidson and Wilson, the
county adjoining it, in the State Senate of Ten-
nessee. He is a director of the Kemker-Wool-
wine Cracker and Candy Manufacturing Co.,
and a large owner of Nashville realty.
GENERAL INDEX.
A.
PAGE
Academy of St. Cecilia ............................................... 30, 31
Acton, E. E., merchant tailor ....................... ..... ........ 113
Adamant Stone Co., the ............................................... 130
Adams & Price Locomotive and Machine Works...119-121
Allen & Mason, real estate ............... .......................... 65
Alliance Grocery, the, Freed & Co., and Rinaldo’s
Ice Cream Factory ................................................ 95
Allison, Granville, attorney ....................................... 71
Allison, John, attorney............................................... 70
Anderson, Douglass, attorney..........'• * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 71
Anderson, James J., & Co., Wagon Works .................... 123
Anderson, Jno. D., & Co., Coal dealers.......................... 118
Anderson & Lellyett, attorneys........................... ........ 71
Argo, L. F., Jr., Country produce................................. 89
Armstrong & Southgate, real estate ........................... 58
E
Baldwim, D. H., & Co., pianos. ..................................... 110.
Baltishwiler, F. G., painter..... .................................... 144
Bartlett, J. H., real estate.................................. ......... 65
Bates, J. E., & Co., lumber .......................................... 92
IBaxter, Col. Jere., capitalist and real estate Operator... 59
Beadle, J. S., & Co., commission merchants................. 89
Belle Meade Stud......................................................... 42
Bell, Robert L., contracting painter............................ 78
Blair, Geo. W., & Co., real estate................................. 62
Board of Publication Cumberland Presbyterian
Church .................................................................. 38
Boscobel College................................................... ......31, 32
Boyd, Geo. W., lumber ................................................ 92
Braid, J. W., electrician ............................................. 142
Brandon Printing Co., the........................................... 133
Bransford Hardware Co., the ....................................... 97
Brennan Military Academy, The................................ 27
Brennan & Barrett, civil engineers, surveyors and
Contractors ............................................................ 77
Burns & Co., manufacturers of Saddlery ..................... 126
Byrne Bros., Wholesale grocers.................................... 94
C
Caldwell, C. S. & Co., real estate...... ........................... 60
Caldwell, James E., Royal Insurance Co............... ,, . . . . . 49
Calvert Bros., portrait painters..................................., 33
Capitol Planing Mill, J. W. McCullough, proprietor... 128
Central Coal & Iron Co., G. R. Huline, manager......... 118
Central Tennessee College (Colored) .......................... 34–36
Cheatham, Drs., W. A. & R.......................................... 24
Cheatham, F. R. & F. J., real estate............................. 60
Christopher & Kirkman, real estate............................. 56
Cohen, Collier & Co., jobbers of hosiery, linens, etc..... 106
Combs, M. S. & Co., funeral directors, etc.... ............. 103
PAGE.
Commercial Abstract Co.............................................. 67
Corbett Bros., manufacturers of and dealers in harness. 125
Crockett, Dr. S. S..............….............................. 23
Crosthwait & Munroe, paper-hangers and interior
decorators .............................................................. 104
Cruzen & Pace, reaſ estate............................. ............. 58
Cumberland Iron & Wire Works CO., the...... .............. 123
Cumberland Telephone Co., The................................. 14
Cummins Bros., merchandise brokers and agents of
the Southern Soda Works................................ 93, 143
D
Daily Press of the city ... .............................................. 37
Dandridge & Boyers, manufacturers of saddlés....... ..... 125
Davie Printing Co., the................................................ 136
Deering, Wm., & Co., agricultural machinery, E. S.
Center, agent......................................................... 98
De Hart, Isaac N. & Co., planing mills, foundry and
building contractors......................................... 128, 129
Demerick, Gus, plumber ............................................. 132
Dickinson & Frazer, attorneys ............‘... .................... 68
Diehl & Lord, bottlers.................................................. 140
Dismukes & Co., wholesale hats and straw goods......... 107
Dortch, Carsey & Co., Warehouse and tobacco men..... 88
Dr. Hendershott Medicine Co., the..................... ........ 144
Duckworth, W. S. & Co., book store and ticket office... 111
Dudley, H. J. & Son, architects.................................... 73
Duncan & Waddey, real estate.................................... 63
Dun, R. G. & Co.'s, Mercantile Agency......................., 53
E.
Eclipse Manufacturing Co., clothing........................... 143
“Electropoise” Co., the, Du Bois & Webb, agents......... 112
Enloe, Drs. T. E., J. H. & B. H.............................. ...... 23
Equitable Fire Insurance Co., the ............................... 48
Eve, Drs. Duncan & Paul F......................................... 22
EWing, Dr. W. G................................................... ........ 24
Fº
Fairview Dairy, the................ .................................... 144
Farmers’ and Laborers’ Union of Tennessee, Geo. W.
Gowan, business manager...................................... SS
Fidelity & Casualty Co. of New York, J. E. Warner &
Co., agents.............................................................. 51
Fisk University (Colored) ................ ........................... 34
Fourth National Bank, the.......................................... 46
Foster & Webb, printers.......................… 136
Frankland, Jos. & Co., dry goods................................. 105
Freeman, Collin H., Wall paper, etc............................ 104
French, the Jesse French Piano & Organ Co..............., 110
Frizzell & Zarecor, attorneys......................................., (39
158
INDEX.
G
- PAGE.
Gaines, J. W., attorney............. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s tº e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 72
Gairns, Thos., machinist............................................. 122
Gale, W. D., fire insurance........ ..... * * * * * * * * * * s s a m = < * * * * e º e s - - - - - e. 50
Gates, W. T., jeweler. .................................................. 109
Gerding & Co., ice cream parlors, Dorider & Sidebotton,
IſlanageTS ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
German American Insurance Co., James A. Thomas,
agent.................. ................................................... 49
Givens, Frank, furniture.......... ................................... 102
Gooch, Dr. Nat...... ....................................................... 24
Good, Sidney, insurance agent..................................... 50
Goldberg & Rich, lumber............................................ . 91
Goodlett & Son, attorneys............................................. 69
Granbery, W. L., attorney........................................ 71, 147
Grantland, H. W. & Co., Cotton house.......................... 87
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co.................................... 95
Greenspan & Mihalovits, notions and fancy goods...... 106
Grewar, David, plumber................ ............................. 133
Grisham, Albert N., attorney....................................... 71.
Guild, Geo. B., mayor of the city, and Guild & Reid,
attorneys....................................... ........................ 156
H
Hamilton, J. M. & Co., wholesale hardware..............., 98
Hancock, E. & Co., Cotton factors and Commission...... 87
Hasslock, H. A., surveyor of customs at Nashville ...... 135
HaSSlock & Ambrose, printers...................................... 134
Haury & Whorley, furniture ....................................... 102
Haynie, J. B. & Co., real estate............................ ....... 65
Hays, James E., agent, the John Hauck and Pabst
Brewing Companies............................................... 96
Healy, James A., plumber............................................ 133
Helms, John P., attorney............................................. 69
Herald Job Printing Co., Birdsall & McNish proprietors 135
Herman Bros., Lindauer & Co., dry goods.................... 104
Hermitage Stud, the..................................................... 150
Hill, E. W., agent, the Empire Coal Co........................ 119
Hill, G. M., grocer, etc................................ ...... .......... 95
Hill, J. J., Commission produce.................................... 90
Hill's Millinery Bazaar................................................ 107
Biodge & Carpenter, architects .................................... 73
Hoffman Hall (Colored)........................................ ......36, 37
Hospital of the Good Shepherd................. .... ........... 24, 41
Hughes & Rives, contractors and proprietors the
North Nashville Planing Mills............................... 76
Hunter & Wellburn, book sellers and stationers.......... 112
I
Indiana Lumber Co., the........................ ~~~~ 91
Ireland & Hardiston, lime and building material....... 92
J
“Jaxon,” painter......................................................... 144
Jennings' Business College .......................................... 28
Jowett, J. H., City engineer.......................................... 15
PQ
King, John B., lumber and Sash manufacturer............ 128
Kline Bros., real estate................................................ 65
L
- PAGE.
Laflin & Rand Powder Co., the, Thos. Callender,
agent ......... • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 99
Lester, Frank M., grain and hay .............. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Levy, M. J. & Son, wholesale liquors........................... 96
Liddell, J. M., attorney................................................ 70
Litterer, C. A. & Co., seeds, agriculturalimp'ments, etc. 99
Litterer, Wm., ex-mayor of Nashville ......................... 11
Long & Ashworth, real estate....................................... 62
Iouisville & Nashville Railway................................... 81
Loventhal, B. S. & Sons, wholesale liquors.................. 96
Lowry, Robert, wood turner.............................. ........... 129
N/[
Maddin, DrS. T. L. & J. W............................... .* * * * * * * * * * * * * 23
Maddox, Wm., cut stone contractor............................. 77
Manhattan Carriage Co., The....................................... 97
Manlove & Co., Carpets and oil cloths.......................... 101
Marshall & Bruce, printers.......................................... 134
Marsh & Son, manufacturers of harness....................... 125
Matthews & Co., real estate.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 63
MaxWell House, the ................................................. 42, 44
May's Grand Opera House ......... ............................. 40, 41
McCafferty & Munch, hides and leather....................... 107
McEwen, John A., Shirt factory, dye works, etc........... 143
Meaders & Osgood, fish, oysters and game.................... 95
Mechanics' Savings Bank & Trust Co., the.................. 47
Menees, DrS. T. & O. H......................... ~~~~ 23
Merchants' Bank, the .................................................. 47
Merchants' Despatch Transportation Co., Marcus B.
Tamey, agent. ...................................... .............. 82
Merritt & Acklen, attorneys.......................................... (3S
Miller's Oil Works........................................................ 142
Miller & Co., hay alld grain.......................................... 89
Minton & Co., real estate.............................................. 65
Mocker, C. H., the Nashville Cooperage Works........... 129
Model Mill Co., flour manufacturers...................., 137, 138
Moerlein-Gerst Brewing Co.......................................... 140
Montgomery Bell Academy......................................... 24
Mooney & Baine, plumbers.......................................... 133
Moore Bros., manufacturers of harness and saddlery. 126 .
Murphy, W. L. & Co., stoves and house furnishings
and Sugar making machinery............................. 122
IN
Nashville Abstract Co., the ........................................ 67
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, the, -
On back cover and .................................................. 79
Nashville College for Young Ladies, the ........ ............ 29
Nashville Cotton Mills, the, and Dallas Manufactur-
ing Co...…........................................... 13S-140
Nashville Electric Time and Advertising Co., the...... 112
Nashville Fire and Marine Insurance Co.................... 49
Nashville Ice Factory, the.......................................... 142
Nashville Land and Improvement Co., the................. 50
Nashville Machine Co.................................................. 121
Nashville, Paducah & Cairo and Nashville & Evans-
Ville Packet Companies........ ........................... 84
Nashville Pottery & Pipe Works, the.......................... 131
Nashville Rapid Tanning & Belt Manufacturing Co.,
the “…........................................... 127
Nashville Roofing & Paving Co., the........................... 129
Nashville Saddlery Co., McPhail & Thomas, proprie-
tors (see also inside back cover) .................. 124, 125
Nashville School of Fine Arts ...................................... 32
Nashville Shorth and Institute and Tennessee Business
College ...…....….......................................... 28
INDEX. 15
º PAGE.
Nashville Trunk Factory, the..................................... 127
New York Life Insurance Co., J. W. Jackson, man-
88&ſ .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Nolan, Thomas, manufacturer “Star” White Lime...... 130
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., Throop &
Eastman, agents.................................................. 51
Novelty Foundry, the, I. N. De Hart & Co., proprie-
tors......................................................... ....... 128, 129
O
Oglesby, Wilhite & Peay, real estate ........................... 66
O’Neal & Page, real estate ............................................ 65
Orchard, W. C., Wall papers......................................... 104
Osborn, Jos. P. & Co., merchant lailors........................ 113
Overton & Bush, Coal dealers and transfer agents........ 117
P
Palmer's Law and Collection Agency ...... ................... 53
Parks, Hamilton, attorney............................. .............. 68
Peabody Normal College................................ ........... i. 21
Perry Machine Works ........................................... ...... 1.21
Phillips, Hood & Co., wholesale and retail stoves, etc.. 100
Phillips & Buttorff M'f'g Co., stoves and house fur-
mishings .............................................................. 119
Pilcher, James S., attorney . ...... ................................. (39
Pitts & Meeks, attorneys............................................ 70, 132
Poole, R., photographer ............................................... 114
Publishing House M. E. Church, South.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
F.
Ransom, John B. & Co., lumber..... ............................. 92
Reed Bros., saw makers and saw mills Supplies........... 99
Reeves, J. S. & Co., dry goods.......................... \ . . . . * * * * * * * * 105
Ricllardson Bros. & Co., Wholesale boots and shoes .... 107
Ritter, S., merchant tailor............................................ 1j 3
Robertson Bros., Contractors and millmen................... 77
Rock City Saddlery Co................ .............. ................. 126
Rodes & CoWan, real estate....... .......... ....................... 63
Rundle & Son, furniture............... ............................... 102
S
Simmons, Phillips & Hawthorn, building contractors, 77
Smith, Col. Baxter, attorney......................................... 156
Smith, W. H. & Co., wholesale druggists and seedsmen, 100
Smith & Herrin, Stoves and house furnishings............ 101
Southern Trunk Manufacturing Co., the..................... 127
Southern Undertakers Supply Co., the........................ 104
Southgate, W. W. & Son, civil engineers and sur-
VCYOTS. ..................................................... .............. 77
Southwestern Publishing House.................................. 4()
Southern Soda Works................................................... 143
Star Union Fast Freight Line, G. W. Stahlman, agent 82
State Building and Saving Association, the................. 66
State Insurance Co., the............................................... 48
Stewart & Bruckner, iron Works................................... 122
Stickley, F. H. & Co., Sewing machines, Ctc................. 112
Stief, the B. H. Stief Jewelry Co., James B. Carr man-
ager (See also inside front cover)............... ............ 107
Stiles, Harrison & Garrett, real estate........................... 62
PAGE
Stilz & Graessle, manufacturers of wagons................... 124
Stites, W. H. & Co., real estate...................................... 63
Stockell, G. W. & Co., seeds and implements............... 99
T
Tavel, A. B., printer and stationer.............................. 136
Thompson, H. C., architect........................................... 74
Thompson & Gibel, architects...................... . ............. 73
Thuss, W. G. & A. J., photographers.......................... 113
Tillman & Tillman, attorneys............................. ........ 69
Timmons Bros. & Philpot, groceries, seeds, etc............ 94
Tinsley Bros. & Gilbert, dry goods, notions, cloth-
ing, etc.................................................................. 106
“Traders Home” Stables, J. R. & L. J. Shorten, pro-
prietors.................................................................. 91
Trimble, John & Co., real estate and insurance agents 62
U
Union Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Portland, Me.,
Robin Jones, agent ................................................ 51
Union Stock Yards Co., the.................................. ... .. 90
University of Nashville, the............... ......................... 19
University School, the.................................................. 25
V.
Vanderbilt University.................................................. 18
Vaugham & Tolar, Carpenters and builders ................. 76
VV
Warren, A. J., manufacturer of and dealer in furni-
ture ............................................................... 136, 137
WatterSon, Thomas, Contractor and builder........... ..... 76
Watson Roofing & Paving Co., the..... ...... • * * - - - - - - - - - - - 6 s - e. 130
Weakley & Shields, real estate .................................... 60
Webb, W. F., stables..................................................... 90
Webb, Stevenson & Co., wholesale and retail stoves
and house furnishings ........................................ 101
Webster & Weed, stables..................... ......................... 91
West End Land Co., the................. ........................ 194–156
Wheeler Publishing Co., books and stationery.............. 112
Whitman & Gamble, attorneys .............. ..................... 70
Whorley, L.,jobber of cigars and tobacco..................... 96
WilkerSon & Donelson, merchandise brokers............... 94.
Wilkes, J. H. & Co., grain and hay...........................S8, 89
Wilkin, D. T. & Chamberlin, attorneys........................ 6S
Williams, Kirkpatrick & Co., real estate..... ................. 66
Wills, Major A. W., postmaster of Nashville................. 52
Winstead, Walter, boots and shoes.............................. 107
Woolwine School ......................................................... 27
Y \
Yarbrough, Maddux & Davis, real estate..................... 60
Yeaman, Jas. H., architect and builder........................ 75
2,
ZWicker, Jul. G., architect..................... .... ..........., 10, 75

S$ *2 • 22 SN
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‘(S)he GSºngeſharof $5eries: 2.Émerican CŞities.
BY AND RE W MORRISON.
THE SOUTH : New Orleans, La.; Mobile, Ala.; Savannah, Ga.; Atlanta, Ga.;
Charleston, S. C.; Richmond, Va.; Norfolk, Va.; Nashville, Tenn.
THE WEST : Minneapolis, Minn.; St. Paul, Minn.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Kansas
City, Mo.; Denver, Colo.; Pueblo, Colo.; Cincinnati, Ohio.
THE SOUTHWEST: Galveston, Texas; San Antonio, Texas; Houston, Texas;
Dallas, Texas; Fort Worth, Texas.
KNOXVILLE, MEMPHIS, CHATTANOOGA, ETC., IN PRESS.
Geo. W. Engelhardt, Publisher, St. Louis, MO.
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rti l between the various sections of the Union and the º ".
... . . " * Accorrobations, n *- 2. ' - ~ .
winter Resorrêt of Florida AND THE souTHEast.
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Buffet Parlor and Sleeping Cars, Model Da, * * ~ * ories and Smoking Rooms • 1
Make This Line Desirable i A".sea. . , -
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* , - •- . See that your Tickets read over the N., C. & St. f. Railway; if you wish to look at
º TENNESSEE, NORTH ALABAMA, GEORGIA and the SOUTH and SOUTHEAST,
- With a view to acquaint yourself with the advantages of this region, to purchase land, or
sº make investments. For information as to rates and routes, apply to
. . . Coupon Ticket Agents everywhere.
a J. W. THOMAs, W. L. DANLEY, W. F. MARCH,
* . General Manager. Gen’l Pass. and Ticket Agt. Asst. Gen’l Pass. and Ticket Agt.
r NYPXS HYZ I L.L.E., TEN N.
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*,
\,
l
.
-*