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May, 1916
INVESTIGATIONS OF INDUSTRIES
IN NEW YORK CITY
1905 - 1915
:
:
:
$
i
A LIST
OF
PUBLISHED REPORTS
COMPILED BY
HENRIETTE R. WALTER
RussBLL SAGE Foundation
PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY
CoMMITTEE FOR VocationAL SCHOLARSHIPs
HENRY STREET SETTLEMENT
265 HENRY STREET
AND
CoMMITTEE ON WomEN's Work
RUSSELL SAGE Found ATION
130 EAST 22D STREET
NEW YORK CITY
Price 10 Cents
—F-
7/
. U%
//JT6 *
C O N T E N T S
PAGE
Air Brush Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Artificial Flower and Feather Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bakeries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Bookbinding. . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Building Trades...}#}..… 6
Button Industry. . . : - 3. "... ..… 6
Case Making. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Clothing Trades, Men's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Clothing Trades, Women’s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Confectionery Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Costume Illustration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fur Industry. . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Gas and Electric Companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Laundries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Longshore Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Mercantile Establishments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Millinery Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Novelty Painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Paper Box Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Peddling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Perfumery Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Printing Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Restaurant and Hotel Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Sample Mounting and Case Making. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Straw Sewing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Telegraph Operating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Telephone Operating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tobacco Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g s = e º º a º º 20
NOTE.-Addresses of publishers and others from whom reports mentioned
in this pamphlet can be obtained will be found on page 21.
INVESTIGATIONS OF INDUSTRIES IN NEW YORK CITY
1905—1915
With the interest manifest today in the fundamental problems
of industry and the awakening feeling of responsibility for their
solution comes the necessity of taking inventory of our knowledge
of the conditions underlying these problems. This list of reports
on trade investigations aims to indicate for those who feel
this interest and this responsibility the information available
from first-hand inquiry regarding the occupations in which men
and women are engaged in New York. An effort has been made
to include all the most important investigations dealing with
single industries which have been made from 1905 to 1915,
inclusive. A number of lesser importance have also been listed.
No attempt at discrimination as to the value of the investigation
has been made in the selection of the reports. Any findings
regarding a particular industry whether they be presented in a
two or three page statement or a comprehensive report of several
hundred pages were held to fall within the scope of this list so
long as the basis of the findings was found in first-hand experience
with shops or workers in the trade. The list does not claim to be
exhaustive, but its sixty-four entries probably come near approxi-
mating the total number of published reports of investigations
of particular industries in Greater New York during the period
selected.
Other reports were found which deal with industrial con-
ditions in this city, but they show a cross-section of many industries
in relation to one problem rather than a cross-section of one indus-
try in relation to many problems. These did not fall within the
scope of this bibliography. Reports, however, which do not
give a fully rounded picture of an industry but which present
certain of its significant phases have been included. A number
of reports which cover New York City or State with other com-
munities in the field investigated, but which do not present the
data for New York City separately, have not been listed. On
the other hand, investigations have been considered to belong in
this list which cover a number of communities, including New York
City, but which present the data in such a way that facts regard-
ing conditions in that city can be separated from those elsewhere.
No investigation has been included in which the field work was
carried on previous to 1905 even though the report was published
in that year. Two reports published in the opening months of
1916 have been included. Two entries and several of the foot-
notes refer to data published annually or at regular intervals
regarding certain industries.
The text accompanying the entries makes no attempt at
critical consideration. Its purpose is to explain the scope and
method of the investigation and the subjects on which data are
presented. It is hoped that these notes may prove useful in
guiding those who find occasion to use this list in the search for
material bearing on their particular interests.
It is our intention to revise this list from time to time in
order to bring it up to date. Hence any suggestions as to omissions
in the present listing or publications in the future will be welcomed.
AIR BRUSH WORK
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Industrial Art
Workers. Air Brush Work. p. 3-6. New York, 1913.
A brief study of air brush work, based on information secured through
visits to 21 firms and interviews with 18 girls. It covers general conditions
in this branch of industrial art work, especially as to wages, hours and over-
time, seasons, processes of work, workroom conditions, opportunities, and
available means for trade training. This study and the others in the series
were made for the purpose of discovering branches of industrial art work in
which it was desirable to place women workers, and it is from this point of
view that the material is treated.
ARTIFICIAL FLOWER AND FEATHER INDUSTRY
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Preliminary
Report, 1912. Vol. I. Notes on Some Trades in which Women are
Employed. 1. Artificial Flowers and Feathers, by Violet Pike.
p 274–277. Albany, 1912.
A brief statement, based on inspection of 94 artificial flower and feather
factories, of the importance of the trade, the branches of the trade, the pro-
cesses of work, industrial hazards, the condition of work places, and the extent
of home work.
New York State Department of Labor. Wages of Artificial Flower
Makers. Bulletin No. 33, June, 1907. p. 149-151.
A statement regarding wages paid in the artificial flower industry in
New York City, based on examination of payrolls in 16 establishments em-
ploying a total of 1,015 workers. Wages for men and women are compared,
and there is also some information regarding home work and irregularity of
employment.
4
Van Kleeck, Mary. Artificial Flower Makers. Survey Associates. New
York, 1913. 261 p. Russell Sage Foundation Publication.
An intensive study of the artificial flower trade in New York City, made
by the Committee on Women's Work of the Russell Sage Foundation and
based on data secured through interviews with 174 shop workers in their
homes, and with 110 families of home workers, as well as visits to 114 factories.
It includes descriptions of general conditions in the trade, its processes of
work, its problems, especially seasonal employment and home work—wages
paid in the trade, the type of workers employed, with facts about their personal
and industrial histories and living conditions, and opportunities for trade
training. One chapter is devoted to a comparative study of the trade in
Paris.
BAKERIES
New York City Commissioner of Accounts. A Report on the Sanitary
Condition of Bakeries in New York. April 18, 1911. 16 p.
A brief report on an investigation made by the office of the Commissioner
of Accounts, with the co-operation of the Consumers’ League, into sanitary
conditions in 145 factory and cellar bakeries in New York City. In addition
to a description of bad sanitary conditions found, the questions of supervision
and jurisdiction under the law are discussed, and recommendations are given
for a new sanitary code relating to bakeries.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Preliminary
Report, 1912. Vol. I. Report on Bakeries and Bakers in New York
City, by Dr. George M. Price. p. 203-268. Albany, 1912.
A full report on an investigation of New York bakeries with the chief
emphasis on sanitation and the physical condition of the workers. It is
based on visits to 497 bake shops and medical examination of 800 men em-
ployed in bakeries. In addition to a brief statement regarding the extent
and importance of the industry in New York and comparisons with foreign
countries, such subjects are treated as fire hazards, defective lighting, ventila-
tion and other sanitary evils resulting from the location of the majority of
the shops in basements, sex and age of workers, hours of work, night work,
diseases found among bakers, and morbidity and mortality rates. A final
section deals with suggested remedies for bad sanitary conditions and proposes
minimum standards.
BOOKBINDING
Van Kleeck, Mary. Women in the Bookbinding Trade. Survey Associates.
New York, 1913. 270 p. Russell Sage Foundation Publication.
An intensive study of women's work in the bookbinding trade, made
by the Committee on Women's Work of the Russell Sage Foundation and
based on data concerning 210 of the 247 binderies in Manhattan, secured
through visits to the establishments and interviews with employers, and on
the industrial histories of 201 women bookbinders employed in these binderies
who were interviewed in their homes. It includes descriptions of general
trade conditions and of processes of work, more particularly those in which
5
women are employed, and data and discussion on wages, irregularity of
employment, hours of work and overtime, the status of trade unionism, and
opportunities for learning the trade.
BUILDING TRADES
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Conciliation and Arbitration
in the Building Trades of Greater New York, by Charles H. Winslow.
Washington, 1913. 95 p. (Bulletin No. 124)
An account of the history of trade agreements in the building trades of
New York City, and a description of the plan of arbitration in use at present
in trade disputes between employers and the unions in the building trades,
with details of the machinery of the arbitration board, its work, the grievances
submitted, their disposal, the financing of the plan, the wage rates paid in the
different occupations, and the number of workers.
BUTTON INDUSTRY
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report,
1915. Vol. II. The Button Industry, by Roswell Skeel, Jr. p. 339-
359. Albany, 1915.
A brief report on a study of conditions in covered and celluloid button
manufacture in New York City, based on schedules from 19 celluloid and
40 covered button factories and on returns from 916 workers. Descriptions
of processes of work in each of the branches studied, and of the development
of the industry, together with statistics and discussion of the sex, age, nativity,
and occupations of the workers and of wage rates and earnings in correlation
with age, occupation, and years of experience, form the main substance of
the report. -
CASE MAKING
See also under Paper Box Industry
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Factory Workers.
º Making for Jewelry and Silverware. p. 23–29. New York,
A brief study of the trade, based on information from 45 firms, of which
number 30 were visited. It covers general conditions in the trade as to
wages, hours, seasons, home work, apprenticeship, nationality of workers,
workroom conditions, and processes of work. This study and the others
in the series were made for the purpose of discovering desirable trades in
which to place women workers and are treated from this point of view.
CIGAR AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURE
See Tobacco Industry
CLOAK, SUIT AND SKIRT INDUSTRY
See Clothing Trades, Women's
CLOTHING TRADES, MEN'S
Best, Harry. The Men's Garment Industry of New York and the Strike
of 1913. University Settlement Studies. New York, u. d. 25 p.
A brief sketch of the history and present trade conditions in the men's
garment industry in New York City, with a full story of the 1913 strike,
its causes and outcome. The study is based on trade and trade union journals,
daily newspapers, the observations of the writer, and several reports on
investigations of the men's clothing trade.
National Civic Federation. Fine Welfare Work and Some Deplorable
Conditions in Garment Trades. New York, 1909. 31 p. (Report
of Industrial Employes' Welfare Committee of Woman's Department)
An investigation of conditions in the garment trades in New York City,
covering three factories manufacturing men's clothing, four manufacturing
women’s clothing, one neckwear factory, three tenant factories, and a number
of licensed tenement houses. The report gives in descriptive form for each
factory visited information regarding sanitary conditions and welfare work,
and also some data on hours and wages.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report,
1915. Vol. II. The Shirt Industry. p. 175–230. Albany, 1915.
An extensive and thorough study of the shirt industry in New York State,
covering New York City, Troy, and Albany. One hundred and twelve
factories were investigated, 76 of these, employing 6,600 workers, 'ºeing
located in New York City. In much of the statistical matter the data for
New York City are combined with those for the other places investigated,
but the descriptive matter makes distinctions throughout regarding New York
City conditions, and statistics are given separately for wage rates and earnings,
weekly output, and fluctuations through the year in the labor force and in
earnings.
United States Bureau of Labor. Report on Condition of Woman and
Child Wage-earners in the United States. Vol. II. Men's Ready-
* Clothing. Washington, 1911. 878 p. (Senate Document No.
A thorough and extensive study of the men's clothing industry in the
five cities which are the chief centers of the trade in the United States—New
York, Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Rochester. The investigation
covered 244 factories with a labor force of 23,683 workers, 88 of which, employ-
ing 8,008 workers, were located in New York City. It was conducted through
interviews with employers, transcriptions of payrolls, and cards filled by the
workers, as well as home visits to 2,274 families. The report includes discus-
sion and statistics of the sex, ages, nativity, and conjugal condition of the
workers, the conditions in the trade as to child labor, hours of work and
overtime, daily and weekly earnings for both shop and home workers, fluctua-
tions in employment, workroom conditions, the organization of the industry,
7
its history and development, processes of work, and provisions for training
workers in the trade. There are also special sections dealing in greater
detail with home work and with family conditions and standards.
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wages and Hours of Labor
in the Clothing and Cigar Industries, 1911-1913. p. 5-59. Washing-
ton, 1915. (Bulletin No. 161)
A study showing the prevailing full time weekly earnings and hours of
labor, and the hourly rates of wages in the principal occupations in the men's
clothing industry, based on data from the payrolls and time books of 158
shops in 1911 and 1912 and of 221 for 1912 and 1913, and covering 18,197
employes in seven cities in the United States. Descriptions of general trade
conditions as to seasons, organization of the trade, occupations,” and method
of wage payment are also included in the report.
United States Immigration Commission. Reports on Immigrants in
Industries. Vol. XI. Clothing Manufacturing in New York City.
p. 365-404, Washington, 1911.
A detailed study of the manufacture of both men's and women's clothing
in New York City, from the point of view of the position of the immigrant
in these trades. It is based on information secured from 7,258 employes
in the clothing industries. Data are presented as to the history and extent
of the industry in New York, racial displacements, the nationality, years
in the United States, ages, conjugal condition, literacy, citizenship, ability
to speak English, and occupation abroad of workers investigated, working
conditions in the industry, hours of work, carnings, size of establishments,
and the relation of the immigrant worker to organized labor.
CLOTHING TRADES, WOMEN'S
Cohen, Julius Henry. Law and Order in Industry. Macmillan Co. New
York, 1916. 292 p.
A picture of the women's garment trade in New York City and a history
and study of the working of the Protocol of Peace in the cloak and suit industry
during the five years of its existence, based on the first-hand experience and
information of the author, who was counsel for the Cloak, Suit and Skirt
Manufacturers’ Protective Association.
Goodman, Pearl, and Ueland, Elsa. The Shirtwaist Trade. Journal of
Political Economy. p. 816–828. December, 1910.
A summary of an investigation of the shirtwaist trade, presented originally
as a thesis for the New York School of Philanthropy. It is based on inter-
views with 100 workers and visits to a number of factories. Data are pre-
sented on hours of labor and overtime, seasons and fluctuations in employment,
wages, trade union organization, the 1910 strike, and general features, extent
and organization of the trade.
* Bulletin No. 135 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which gives somewhat similar data
for 1911 and 1912 only, contains fuller descriptions of the occupations in the trade.
8
Joint Board of Sanitary Control in the Cloak, Suit and Skirt and in
the Dress and Waist Industries.* Special Report on Sanitary
Conditions in the Shops of the Dress and Waist Industry, by Dr.
George M. Price. New York, May, 1913. 23 p.
An investigation of sanitary and safety provisions in 707 dress and waist
factories in New York City. The report also presents material on the extent
and importance of the industry, the sex, nationality, and ages of the 36,658
employes, the location and character of the shops, and a special section on
the processes and organization of work in dress and waist manufacture.
National Civic Federation. Fine Welfare Work and Some Deplorable
Conditions in Garment Trades. New York, 1909. 31 p. (Report
of Industrial Employes' Welfare Committee of Woman's Depart-
ment)
See Clothing Trades, Men's
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Preliminary
Report, 1912. Vol. I. Women Workers in Factories in New York
State. 2. Clothing (Women's Waists), by Violet Pike. p. 277–278.
Albany, 1912.
A brief statement, based on the inspection of 228 shirtwaist factories,
of the processes of manufacture, the general conditions of work, and the
health and fire hazards in the trade.
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Conciliation, Arbitration and
Sanitation in the Cloak, Suit, and Skirt Industry in New York City,
by Charles H. Winslow. p. 203–272. Washington, 1912. (Bulletin
No. 98)
A comprehensive presentation of . the history, terms and provisions of
the protocol established in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry in September,
1910, and of the organization of the industry and the working and trade
conditions under the administration of this agreement. It is based on first-
hand study and material furnished by the Joint Board of the industry.
Conciliation, Arbitration and Sanitation in the Dress and Waist
Industry of New York City, by Charles H. Winslow. Washington,
1914. 196 p. (Bulletin No. 145)
A study of the development of collective bargaining in the dress and waist
industry in New York City, with comprehensive discussion of the protocol
adopted in 1913, the history of its establishment, and an analysis of its pro-
visions and its practical administration. The report also contains a brief
statement of the extent and development of the industry, the number and
personnel of the working force, and the type and location of the shops, as
well as an appendix which presents a thorough study of the industry from
the point of view of the possibility of industrial education.
Industrial Court of the Cloak, Suit, and Skirt Industry of New
York City, by Charles H. Winslow. Washington, 1914. 78 p.
(Bulletin No. 144)
A comprehensive description of the Industrial Court or Board of Griev-
ances in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City, its work, the
nature and disposition of cases brought before it, and an enumeration of its
rulings.
* All bulletins and annual reports of this board give valuable data on conditions in these
two industries, especially as to sanitation and safety provisions.
9
Regularity of Employment in the Women's Ready-to-wear
º Industries. p. 7-44, 74–122. Washington, 1916. (Bulletin
No. 183
A study of seasonal fluctuations in the industries manufacturing women's
ready-to-wear garments, their extent as revealed in variations in the amount
of the weekly payroll over a period of 52 weeks, their causes, and attempts
at regularization. It also contains descriptions of the processes of work,
of the character of the labor supply, and of the growth of the industries
included, and a supplementary study of wages, earnings, and overtime in
relation to regularity of employment for the muslin-underwear industry in
New York City. The investigation covered more than 500 establishments,
employing about 150,000 workers, located in four cities—New York, Chicago,
Cleveland, and Boston—about 400 of these establishments being located in
New York City. The different industries comprising this group are treated
separately in the statistics, as are also the different cities.
Wages and Regularity of Employment in the Cloak, Suit, and
Skirt Industry. p. 7-68, 109-191. Washington, 1915. (Bulletin
No. 147)
A thorough study of wages and seasonal fluctuations in employment in
the cloak, suit, and skirt industry in New York City, undertaken by the
Arbitration Board of the Cloak, Suit, and Skirt Industry with the co-operation
of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. It is based on an examination
of payrolls in 90 shops coming under the protocol and 13 independent or
non-association shops. A thorough analysis has been made of variations
in the labor force and in the amount of the payroll for each of the principal
occupations for week workers, week by week for a full year. Piece workers
were not included in the study. One entire section of the report is devoted
to detailed descriptions of occupations in the industry and plans for appren-
ticeship for cutters and for the education of workers in the trade.
Wages and Regularity of Employment and Standardization of
Piece Rates in the Dress and Waist Industry, New York City, by
N. I. Stone. Washington, 1914. 313 p. (Bulletin No. 146)
An extensive study of the dress and waist industry in New York City,
dealing primarily with the questions of wages and irregular employment
in the industry, and based on payroll records from 520 establishments and
information regarding 31,485 employes. The report presents comprehensive
data on hours of labor, occupations and processes of work, wages, method
of wage payment, effect of the protocol on wages and hours, the number and
personnel of the labor force, special features in the organization of the industry,
seasonal fluctuations, and apprenticeship and other systems of trade training.
In addition to this general material, a large part of the report is devoted to
an intensive study of processes of work in 8 establishments with a view to
standardizing piece rates in the industry.
United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The
Women's Muslin-underwear Industry. Washington, 1915. 184 p.
(Miscellaneous Series No. 29)
A study primarily of the cost of production of women's muslin underwear
in the United States and the relation of costs to profits, but it contains con-
siderable information, which is given separately for New York City, regarding
general trade and working conditions, Seasonal fluctuations, average number
10
of employes, average daily and weekly wages, processes of work, machinery
used, safety provisions, welfare work, and the size of establishments. The
investigation covered detailed information regarding 65 establishments in
nine states, 43 of which were located in New York City.
United States Innmigration Commission. Reports on Immigrants in
Industries. Vol. XI. Clothing Manufacturing in New York City.
p. 365–404. Washington, 1911.
See Clothing Trades, Men's.
United States Public Health Service. Studies in Vocational Disease.
I. Health of Garment Workers, by J. W. Schereschewsky. II.
Hygienic Conditions of Illumination in Workshops of the Women's
Garment Industry, by J. W. Schereschewsky and D. H. Tuck. Wash-
ington, 1915. 224 p. (Bulletin No. 71)
An intensive study of the health of workers and conditions of work in
the women's garment industry, based on the investigation of a number of
factories and the thorough physical examination of 3,000 men and women
employed in these trades. The report includes, in addition to thorough
treatment of the diseases and physical defects of the workers and their relation
to the industry, general data on occupations, nativity, age, years in the United
States, years in the trade, previous occupations, annual earnings, hours of
labor, and home environment of workers, and a detailed study of lighting
in the shops and other sanitary conditions.
CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Factory Workers.
Candy Trade. p. 19–22. New York, 1913.
A brief styldy of the candy trade, based on information secured through
visits to 54 workrooms and interviews with 23 workers. It covers general
conditions in the trade as to wages, hours and overtime, Seasons, apprentice-
ship, processes of work, and workroom conditions. This study and the others
in the series were made for the purpose of discovering desirable trades in
which to place women workers, and the material is treated from this point of
V16W.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Third Report,
1914. Wages in the Confectionery Industry in New York City.
p. 65-103.” Albany, 1914.
An extensive and thorough study of the confectionery industry in New
York City, based on schedules and payroll transcriptions from 61 factories
and covering 8,656 workers. The report includes discussion and statistics
of weekly and annual earnings, and wage rates, seasonal fluctuations, the
personnel of the labor force, processes of work, general trade conditions,
years of experience in the trade, advances in wages, and shifting in the trade.
Fourth Report, 1915. Vol. IV. An Investigation of the Candy
Industry to Determine the Possibilities of Vocational Training, by
Anna C. Phillips. p. 1347–1361. Albany, 1915.
An investigation of the confectionery industry from the point of view
of the possibilities for trade training, based on a study of the processes of
* A second and somewhat fuller report on the confectionery industry was published by
the Factory Investigating Commission in its Fourth Report in 1915. However, it combines
the statistics for New York City with those secured for “up state.”
11
work in nine representative factories. The report includes analyses of the
industry as a whole, of the sources from which workers are recruited, and of
the processes of work—more especially those which are skilled or semi-skilled.
COSTUME ILLUSTRATION
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Industrial Art
Workers. Costume Illustration. p. 12-19. New York, 1913.
A brief study of costume illustration, covering the several branches of
this field of art work. It gives descriptions of the various kinds of work,
and information as to hours, seasons, salaries, requirements and opportunities
for workers, and schools where fashion drawing is taught.
DEPARTMENT STORES
See Mercantile Establishments
DRESS AND WAIST INDUSTRY
See Clothing Trades, Women's
FIVE AND TEN CENT STORES
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report, 1915,
Vol. II. Mercantile Establishments. p. 51-174. Albany, 1915.
See Mercantile Establishments.
FUR INDUSTRY
New York City Department of Health. A Clinical and Sanitary Study
of the Fur and Hatters’ Fur Trade, by Louis I. Harris, M.D.
New York, 1915. 24 p. (Monograph Series No. 12)
A study of the fur trade in New York City from the point of view of
the health of the workers. It is based on investigation of 113 factories and
the physical examination of 889 fur workers. The report includes a careful
description of processes of work and occupations, as well as age and sex of
the workers, and detailed study of their physical defects and the relation
of these disabilities to the work done. -
GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANIES
New York State Public Service Commission for the First District.
Annual Reports. Vol. III. Statistics of Gas and Electric Com-
panies. Sections on Employes and Wages.
Statistics of gas and electric companies in Greater New York, with
explanatory text, are published each year in the annual report of the Public
Service Commission for the First District. It includes data regarding number
of employes, fluctuations in employment, part time work, hours of labor,
average earnings, increases in average earnings, number of employes,
and the relation of the labor cost to operating expenses. Figures are given
separately for each company and for each occupation.
HOTELS
See Restaurants and Hotels
12
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
See Air Brush Work
Costume Illustration
Novelty Painting
LAUNDRIES
Clark, Sue Ainslie, and Wyatt, Edith. Making Both Ends Meet.
Chapter VI. Women Laundry Workers in New York. p. 179-222.
Macmillan Co. New York, 1911.
A study of conditions of women's employment in steam laundries in
New York City, conducted by the National Consumers' League, covering
commercial, hotel, and hospital laundries. The report is based on first-hand
data secured through the employment of the League's investigators in a
number of laundries of each type, and through the inspection of some addi-
tional establishments. The features of the industry chiefly observed were
sanitation, danger of injury, wages, and hours of labor, especially in their
relation to the health of the workers.
New York State Department of Labor. Working Conditions in New York
City Steam Laundries. Bulletin No. 50, March, 1913. p. 21-36.
A summary of material gathered in hearings held by the State Board of
Mediation and Arbitration to inquire into working conditions in laundries
in New York City as a result of a strike of the workers in January, 1912.
Data are presented on hours of work, night work, wages, sanitary conditions,
and special hardships of the work. Definite recommendations for the
improvement of conditions are made.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Preliminary
Report, 1912. Vol. I. Women Workers in Factories in New York
State. 3. Steam Laundries in New York City, by Violet Pike.
p. 279-286. Albany, 1912.
A brief statement, based on the inspection of 110 laundries in New York
State, 84 of which were in New York City, of the branches of the industry,
the processes of work, the personnel of the labor force, the general working
conditions, and the hazards of the trade.
Fourth Report, 1915. Vol. I. Study of Hotel Laundries, by
Sally M. Frankenstein. p. 921-924. Albany, 1915.
A brief report on a study of women's work in hotel laundries in New
York City, covering 18 laundries, employing 477 women. Conditions as to
sanitation, safety provisions, hours of labor, wages, and irregularity of work
are summarized, and recommendations for correcting conditions are offered.
United States Bureau of Labor. Report on Condition of Woman and
Child Wage-earners in the United States. Vol. XII. Employment
of Women in Laundries. Washington, 1911. 121 p. (Senate
Document No. 645)
A study of women's work in laundries in Chicago, New York, Brooklyn,
Philadelphia, and, on some points, in Rockford, Ill., based on investigations
of 315 laundries and interviews with 539 women laundry workers. The
report covers general workroom conditions, hours of labor, occupations and
processes of work, and, in considerable detail, the effect of laundry work upon
the health of the workers.
13
LONGSHORE WORK
Barnes, Charles B. The Longshoremen. Survey Associates. New York,
1915. 287 p. Russell Sage Foundation Publication.
A study of longshoremen in the port of New York, undertaken in 1910 and
1911 under the auspices of the Bureau of Social Research of the New York
School of Philanthropy, and based on interviews with all types of waterfront
workers, their employers, and others having contact with them, attendance
at union meetings, and observations in all parts of the port. Irregularity
of employment is stressed throughout the report as the outstanding feature
of the trade. The study contains much interesting first-hand material and
descriptive matter regarding characteristics of longshoremen, their nationali-
ties, the different types of longshore labor, the methods of hiring workers,
wages and earnings, irregular employment, trade union organization, strikes,
and accident and health hazards of the trade. Appendices summarize data
regarding dock work in Boston, London, Liverpool, and Hamburg.
MEN’S CLOTHING
See Clothing Trades, Men's
MERCANTILE ESTABLISHMENTS
Clark, Sue Ainslie, and Wyatt, Edith. Making Both Ends Meet. Chap-
ter I. The Income and Outlay of Some New York Saleswomen.
p. 1-43. Macmillan Co. New York, 1911.
A study of trade histories of 50 women employed in New York department
stores, conducted by the National Consumers' League through interviews
with workers and the employment of an investigator in one of the stores.
While chiefly a budget study, the report presents incidentally data that are
typical of working conditions in department stores, especially as to wages,
hours, overtime work and compensation, fines, and irregularity of employment.
National Civic Federation Review. Working Conditions in New York
Stores. July 15, 1913. 32 p.
A study of 19 department stores, in New York City, employing about
39,000 employes, undertaken by the Welfare Department of the National
Civic Federation and extending over a period of more than two years. A
detailed description of the welfare work in these stores is a special feature of
the report. A discussion of the length of the working day, touching also
the allied questions of overtime work, summer closing time, and Christmas
work, with illustrative material drawn from study of the policies of the stores
investigated, and statistics of classified and average wage rates, by main
occupational groups, drawn from the payrolls in 17 of the stores by public
accountants for the Federation, form the other two main sections of the report.
There is also a section on the relation of low wages in department stores to
the social evil. Definite recommendations are embodied in each of the three
main sections and the special interest is centered throughout on women's work.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report,
1915. Vol. II. Mercantile Establishments.” p. 51-174. Albany, 1915.
A thorough and extensive study of mercantile establishments in 19 cities
and villages in New York State, including 70 department stores, 31 neigh-
* Preliminary reports on the investigation of mercantile establishments are given in
the Second and Third Reports of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1913 and 1914,
respectively. -
14
borhood shops, and 42 five and ten cent stores, employing in all 69,933 workers.
Fifty-six of these stores, with a force of 56,151, were located in New York
City, and, while much of the statistical matter for New York City is combined
with that for the other places investigated, the descriptive matter for the
most part makes special reference to conditions there, and some separate
statistics are available, especially on hours of work, rise in wages, fluctuations
in employment, and shift of the labor force. In addition to the data secured
from payroll transcriptions and schedules filled by employes, comprehensive
treatment is given to the business organization of the department store,
working conditions, the occupations and divisions of labor, qualifications of
workers, wage policies, and policies as to promotions, vacations, welfare
work, and mutual benefit associations.
Fourth Report, 1915. Vol. IV. An Investigation of Department
Store Work to Determine the Possibility of Vocational Training, by
Iris Prouty O'Leary. p. 1363-1405. Albany, 1915.
A study of New York City department stores from the point of view of the
possibility of training for occupations in this field. The report includes
descriptions of the importance and extent of department store work, the
sources from which the stores draw their workers, the existing methods of
training, and an analysis of the industry as a whole and of the occupations
in all the main branches of the work, giving for each the actual work done,
the knowledge necessary for the performance of the job, and the possible
line of promotion. Definite recommendations and suggestions regarding
training in some branches of the work are also given.
United States Bureau of Labor. Report on Condition of Woman and
Child Wage-earners in the United States. Vol. W. Wage-earning
Women in Stores and Factories. Washington, 1911. 384 p. (Senate
Document No. 645)
This study, which deals chiefly with living conditions and home responsi–
bilities of women at work in both factories and stores in 7 cities in the United
States, contains valuable data as well regarding the wages and earnings,
nationality, ages, years of experience, hours of work, night work and overtime
of 391 women employed in New York City department stores, and regarding
the proportion among these women who are living at home or who are “adrift,”
including figures on their home responsibilities or their independent living
expenses, as the case may be. There is also some discussion regarding the
moral influences surrounding department store employment. Chapter VII,
a section of Chapter XI, and Tables I, II, and III in the Appendix contain
material relating particularly to department store employment in New York
City.
MILLINERY TRADE
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report,
1915. Vol. II. Wages in the Millinery Trade, by Mary Van Kleeck.
p. 361–469. Albany, 1915.
A study of wages and irregularity of employment of women employed at
hat trimming in wholesale and retail millinery establishments in Manhattan,
based on payroll transcriptions for an entire year in 40 shops and for 3,983
15
workers, and for a typical week in 56 shops, and personal data for 1,363
milliners. Thorough analysis is made of the wage statistics and the fluctua-
tions in the labor force and annual payroll, and information is also presented
regarding the ages, nativity, conjugal condition, and years of experience
of the workers, the workroom conditions, method of hiring workers and
determining wages, processes of work, and general features of the trade.
Van Kleeck, Mary, and Barrows, Alice P. How Girls Learn the Millinery
Trade. Survey, April 16, 1910. p. 105-113. .
A brief study of opportunities for trade training in the millinery trade,
based on an investigation of more than 200 shops and interviews with 200
workers. The article also outlines general features of the trade, occupations,
seasonal employment, hours of work, and wages. -
MUSLIN UNDERWEAR
See Clothing Trades, Women's
NOVELTY PAINTING
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Industrial Art
Workers. Novelty Painting. p. 7-11. New York, 1913.
A brief study of three representative branches of this type of industrial
art work, based on visits to 20 firms and interviews with a number of workers.
It covers general conditions as to hours, wages, seasons, requirements for
workers, workroom conditions, home work, and methods of learning the trade.
PAPER BOX INDUSTRY
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Factory Workers.
Paper Box Making. p. 13–18. New York, 1913.
A brief study of the trade, based on information secured through visits
to 54 workrooms and interviews with 23 girls. It covers general conditions
in the trade as to wages, hours and overtime, seasons, home work, processes
of work, apprenticeship, workroom conditions, and nationality of workers.
This study, like the others in the series, was made for the purpose of discovering
desirable trades in which to place women workers, and the material is treated
from this point of view.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Third Report,
1914. The Paper Box Industry in Greater New York. p. 105-166. *
Albany, 1914.
A comprehensive study of the paper box trade in New York City, based
on schedules and payroll transcriptions from 191 factories and 9,105 workers.
The report includes discussion and statistics of weekly and annual earnings
and wage rates, seasonal fluctuations, shift of the labor force, general trade
conditions, hours of labor, processes of work, personnel of the labor force,
years of experience, home work, and home and living conditions for 227
women workers interviewed, including a study of personal budgets.
* A second report on the paper box industry was published by the Commission in its
Fourth Report in 1915. This report, however, combines the figures for New York City with
those for New York State as a whole. It includes also a study of 100 accidents in the trade
in New York City.
16
Fourth Report, 1915. Vol. IV. An Investigation of the Paper
Box Industry to determine the Possibility of Vocational Training,
by Robert J. Leonard. p. 1243–1346. Albany, 1915. -
An investigation of the paper box industry in New York State from the
point of view of the possibility for trade training, based on a study of 15
factories, 13 of which were in New York City, and of 1,467 workers. It
includes, besides the manufacture of solid and folding boxes, the making of
cardboard and corrugated containers and cases, jewelry cases, and filing
cases and envelopes. The greater part of the report is devoted to elaborate
analyses of the processes of work and occupations in the different branches
of the trade investigated. It also includes material on the recruiting of
workers, lines of promotion, personal trade histories of some of the workers,
distribution of the employes as to sex and occupation, and definite plans and
recommendations as to trade training. -
PEDDLING
Mayor’s Push-Cart Commission, New York City. Report of the Com-
mission, 1906. 233 p.
A report of conditions among push-cart peddlers in New York City by a
commission appointed to inquire especially into the congestion of the streets
resulting from this trade and the possibilities of regulation. A census of
push-cart peddlers was taken, showing the extent of the trade, and facts
are presented also regarding the nationality and length of residence in the
United States of the peddlers, their supplementary occupations, ownership
of carts, kinds of goods sold, usual earnings, licensing of carts, congestion,
night peddling, the padrone system, fire hazards, organization of peddlers,
etc. In conclusion a program of recommendations is outlined.
PERFUMERY TRADE
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Factory Workers.
The Perfumery Trade. p. 8-12. New York, 1913.
A brief report on a study of the trade, based on information secured from
28 firms. It covers general conditions in the trade as to wages, hours and
overtime, seasons, apprenticeship, nationality of workers, and workroom
conditions. This study, like the others in the series, was made for the purpose
of discovering desirable trades in which to place women workers, and the
material is treated from this point of view.
PRINTING INDUSTRY
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Second Report,
1913. Vol. II. The Printing Industry. p. 514-532. Albany, 1913.
A study of the printing trade in New York State, chiefly from the point
of view of sanitary conditions and the health of the workers. Three hundred
and forty-eight establishments, employing 9,047 workers, were visited, and
as a majority of these were in New York City, it is to be assumed that the
conditions described are typical of those prevailing in that city. In addition
to descriptions of sanitary conditions and the health of the workers, material
17
is presented on processes of work, women's work in the trade, the dangers
of the industry, and some of the features of the health work of the International
Typographical Union. Appendices give provisions made in Germany and
in Switzerland for the protection of the workers’ health.
RESTAURANT AND HOTEL WORK
United States Bureau of Labor. Report on Condition of Woman and
Child Wage-earners in the United States. Vol. W. Wage-earning
Women in Stores and Factories. p. 189-199, 362-374. Washington,
1910. (Senate Document No. 645)
An investigation of women employed as waitresses in 358 hotels and
restaurants in 7 cities in the United States, of which 102 with a force of 1,416
waitresses were in New York City. The main interest of the report is in
living conditions, such as home responsibilities, cost of living, and budget
items for women living at home and for those “adrift,” but valuable data
are also given on general working conditions in this occupation, hours of
work, average weekly earnings, and years of experience.
SAMPLE MOUNTING AND CASE MAKING
Alliance Employment Bureau. Inquiries into Trades for Factory Workers.
iºple Mounting and Sample Case Making. p. 3-7. New York,
A brief report on a study of these trades, based on visits to 45 workrooms
and interviews with a number of workers. It covers general conditions in
the trades as to wages, hours and overtime, apprenticeship, seasons, home
work, requirements for workers, and workroom conditions. This study, like
the others in the series, was made for the purpose of discovering desirable
trades in which to place women workers, and the material is treated from this
point of view.
SHIRT INDUSTRY
See Clothing Trades, Men's
SHIRTWAIST INDUSTRY
See Clothing Trades, Women's
STRAW SEWING
New York State Department of Labor. Wages of Straw-braid Sewers.
Bulletin No. 32, March, 1907. p. 57-58
A brief statement regarding wages and seasonal fluctuations in employ-
ment for straw-braid sewers, based on an analysis of the payroll of a repre-
sentative straw hat manufacturer in New York City, and the observations
of a labor inspector who had had considerable contact with the trade in the
course of his work.
STREET RAILWAYS
See Transportation
18
TELEGRAPH OPERATING
United States Bureau of Labor. Investigation of Western Union and
Postal Telegraph-Cable Companies. Washington, February, 1909.
554 p. (Senate Document No. 725)
A comprehensive investigation into the volume, extent, and methods
of handling business, the wages, hours of labor and other working conditions
in telegraph companies engaged in interstate activity. It is based on schedules
and payroll data from the companies, interviews with employes, and visits
to places of work in 27 important cities, including New York City. Separate
statistics for New York are available throughout.
TELEPHONE OPERATING
New York State Department of Labor. Statistics of Night Telephone
Operators. Bulletin No. 53, December, 1912. p. 389-404.
An investigation of night work among women telephone operators in
New York State, based on information from 150 companies and concerning
10,547 operators. The report presents data showing the occupation and
number of operators, the number employed at night work, their ages, hours
of work, time of beginning and ending work, wages, years of service, and
whether living at home or boarding. New York City figures are given
Separately on every point treated.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Fourth Report,
1915. Vol. II. Wages Paid by the New York Telephone Company
to Various Classes of Operatives in the Different Cities of New York
State. p. 471-478. Albany, 1915.
A statement prepared by the New York Telephone Company for the
Factory Investigating Commission, giving the organization of the force,
the regulations regarding Sunday and holiday work, information regarding
payments for overtime work, vacations, bonuses, pensions, benefits, and full
presentation of wage rate scales for New York City by boroughs and for
other cities in the state. All data other than those on wages are given sepa-
rately for “upstate” and “downstate” divisions, not for separate cities, but
“downstate” conditions in general are probably typical of New York City.
United States Bureau of Labor. Investigation of Telephone Companies.
Washington, February, 1910. 340 p. (Senate Document No. 380)
An investigation by the United States Bureau of Labor of telephone
companies engaged in interstate business, covering 27 companies in 26 states.
The report includes data on wages, hours of labor, physical conditions of work,
training of workers, organization of the force, description of telephone work,
union organization and strikes, and methods of handling business. Separate
statistics for New York City are available throughout the report.
TOBACCO INDUSTRY
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Second Report,
1913. Vol. II. The Tobacco Industry. p. 487–513. Albany, 1913.
A study of sanitary conditions and the health of workers, especially
women, in the tobacco industry, including the manufacture of cigars, of
cigarettes, of chewing and smoking tobacco, and of snuff. It is based chiefly
on the physical examination of 600 women employes of 21 factories in New
19
York City, but also includes a general description of sanitary conditions
in a larger number of factories. The report presents discussion and statistics
bearing on the branches of the industry, the ages, nativity, conjugal condition,
years in the trade, and diseases found among the women examined, sanitary
conditions in the shops, comfort provisions, welfare work, and child labor,
as well as summaries of facts regarding health in the industry in foreign
countries.
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wages and Hours of Labor in
the Cigar and Clothing Industries, 1911 and 1912. p. 5-24. Wash-
ington, 1913. (Bulletin No. 135)
A study showing hourly rates of wages in the principal occupations in the
cigar manufacturing industry in 1911 and 1912, * based on data obtained
for 49 factories and 11,541 employes in eight cities in the United States,
including New York City. A statement regarding general trade conditions,
as to method of wage payment, hours of work, the importance of the
industry, and a careful description of the principal productive occupations
are also included in the report. Most of the data are given separately for
each city.
TRANSPORTATION
New York State Public Service Commission for the First District.
Annual Reports. Vol. II. Statistics of Transportation Companies.
Sections on Employes and Wages.
Statistics of street railways in Greater New York, with explanatory text,
are published each year in the annual report of the Public Service Commission
for the First District. It includes, for subways, elevated roads, and surface
lines, data regarding the number of employes, variation in amount of employ-
ment, average and classified wages, hours of work, increases in wage rates,
and stability of employment. Figures are given separately for each trans-
portation company and for each occupation.
WAITRESSES
See Restaurants and Hotels
WOMEN’S CLOTHING
See Clothing Trades, Women's
* A later bulletin of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (No. 161, 1915) gives wages also for
1913, but does not include as full statistics or descriptive matter as Bulletin No. 135.
20
ADDRESSES OF PUBLISHERS AND OTHERS FROM WHOM
REPORTS CAN BE OBTAINED
. Alliance Employment Bureau, 64 Madison Avenue, New York City.
Joint Board of Sanitary Control in the Dress and Waist Industry, 31 Union
Square West, New York City.
Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
Macmillan Company, The, 64 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
Mayor's Push-Cart Commission. Report can be obtained from Lawrence
Weiller, 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.
National Civic Federation, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City.
New Yºrk City Commissioner of Accounts, Municipal Building, New York
ity.
New York City Department of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene, 49
Lafayette Street, New York City.
New York State Department of Labor, Albany, N. Y.
New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Reports can be
obtained through J. B. Lyon Company, Albany, N. Y.
New York State Public Service Commission for the First District, 154 Nassau
Street, New York City.
Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.
Survey Associates, Inc., 112 East Nineteenth Street, New York City.
United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of
Commerce, Washington, D. C.
United States Bureau of Labor
United States Bureau of Labor Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.
Statistics -
United States Immigration Commission. Reports can be obtained from
jºintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
D. C.,
United §ate Public Health Service, Treasury Department, Washington,
D. C.
University Settlement Society, 184 Eldridge Street, New York City.
21
RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION PUBLICATIONS
STUDIES OF INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS
BOOKS
Artificial Flower Makers. By Mary Wan Kleeck. Illus. 261 p. Post-
paid, $1.50.
Seasonal employment, home work, wages, home responsibilities, trade
training, for women in New York. Summary of conditions in artificial flower
trade in Paris.
Women in the Bookbinding Trade. By Mary Van Kleeck. Illus. 270 p.
Postpaid, $1.50.
Hours and night work, wages, irregular employment, trade training,
enforcement of labor laws, trade unionism. *
The Longshoremen. By Charles B. Barnes. Illus. 287 p. Postpaid, $2.00.
Irregular employment, earnings, trade unionism, types of dock work
and workers in New York harbor. Summaries of conditions in Boston,
Liverpool and Hamburg.
The Steel Workers. By John A. Fitch. Illus. 380 p. Price $1.50; post-
paid, $1.73.
The twelve-hour day and seven-day week, breakdown of trade unionism,
º immigrants, wages, and processes of work in steel industry of Pitts-
urgh.
Saleswomen in Mercantile Stores. By Elizabeth B. Butler. Illus.
- 217 p. Price $1; postpaid, $1.08.
Physical conditions of work, hours, wages, regularity of employment,
vocational training, living conditions, of saleswomen in Baltimore stores.
Women and the Trades. By Elizabeth B. Butler. Illus. 440 p. Price
$1.50; postpaid, $1.72. -
Conditions of women's work in needle trades, metal trades, canning,
confectionery, and stogy industries, commercial work, etc., in Pittsburgh.
Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town. By Margaret F. Bying-
ton. Illus. 292 p. Price $1.50; postpaid, $1.70.
Family income and the cost of living in households of native and immi-
grant wage-earners in Pittsburgh steel mills.
Work–Accidents and the Law. By Crystal Eastman. Illus. 345 p.
Price $1.50; postpaid, $1.72.
Causes of work accidents and their cost to wage-earners' families when there
is no workmen's compensation law, as seen in Pittsburgh district in 1907-8.
Wage-Earning Pittsburgh. By Kellogg, Commons, Kelley and others.
Illus. 582 p. Price $2.50; postpaid, $2.75.
Community problems related to industry, the new immigration in indus-
try, factory inspection, industrial hygiene, child labor, trade unionism.
Fatigue and Efficiency. By Josephine Goldmark. 342 p. Postpaid, $2.00.
Nature and effect of fatigue in modern industry as a scientific basis for
legal restriction of working hours.
Workingmen’s Insurance in Europe. By Lee K. Frankel and Miles M.
Dawson, with the co-operation of Louis I. Dublin. 477 p. Price
$2.50; postpaid, $2.70.
Systems of insurance for wage-earners against industrial accidents,
sickness, death, invalidity, old age, and unemployment in operation in Euro-
pean countries.
Working Girls in Evening Schools. By Mary Van Kleeck. Illus. 252 p.
Postpaid, $1.50.
Problems of women's work and industrial education as revealed in a
study of wage-earning women in New York's night schools.
22
Middle West Side; Mothers Who Must Earn. Part 1 by Otho G. Cart-
wright; Part 2 by Katharine Anthony. Illus. 296 p. Postpaid,
$2.00.
The work of married women and widows on West Side of New York
City: occupations, hours and wages, physical effects of work, and home
conditions.
Order books from Survey Associates, Inc., publishers for the
Russell Sage Foundation, 112 East 19th Street, New York City.
PAMPHLETS
IC 1 Industrial Investigations of Russell Sage Foundation. By
Mary Van Kleeck.
A summary of chief industrial investigations undertaken by
Russell Sage Foundation, with bibliography of its publications
relating to industry. 18 pages. Sent free on request.
IC 2 Investigations of Industries in New York City, 1905–1915.
By Henriette R. Walter.
A descriptive list showing method and scope of 64 investigations.
24 pages. 10 cents,
Wages in the Millinery Trade. By Mary Van Kleeck. Re-
printed from Fourth Report of New York State Factory Investi-
gating Commission.
Wages as shown in payrolls, seasonal fluctuations, processes
of work, experience and nationality of workers. 115 p. Sent free
On request.
SE 6 Industrial Conditions in Topeka. By Zenas L. Potter. Pub-
lished by the Department of Surveys and Exhibits.
Trade unionism, scientific management, wages, apprenticeship,
women's work, home conditions. 56 pages. 15 cents.
SE 12 Industrial Conditions in Springfield. By Louise C. Oden-
crantz and Zenas L. Potter. (In press)
Wages, hours, irregular employment, accident prevention and
compensation, child labor, trade unionism, living conditions of
wage-earners' families. 150 p. 25 cents.
E 135 Sonne Conditions Affecting Problems of Industrial Education
in 78 American School Systems. By Leonard P. Ayres. Pub-
lished by the Division of Education.
Includes a study of the occupations of fathers of thirteen-year-
old school boys as a basis for thought and action in the field of
industrial education.
E 136 Constant and Variable Occupations and their Bearing on
Problems of Vocational Education. By Leonard P. Ayres.
Published by the Division of Education.
A study of occupations to determine those common to all
localities and those which appear in some communities and not in
others. 12 pages. 5 cents.
CH 24 Infant Mortality: Its Relation to Social and Industrial
Conditions. By Henry H. Hibbs, Jr. Published by the Depart-
ment of Child-Helping.
Effect on infant mortality of the gainful employment of mothers,
and of low wages and inadequate family income. 127 p. 30 cents.
Order pannphlets from Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East 22nd
Street, New York City.
23
HENRY STREET SETTLEMENT
265 Henry Street
New York
Directory of Trade, Technical and Vocational Schools in Greater New
York. Published by the Committee for Vocational Scholarships,
Henry Street Settlement. 15 cents.
A list of public and endowed schools with detailed information and
classified index of subjects offered.
The House on Henry Street. By Lillian D. Wald. Illus 310 p. Price
$2.00 net. Henry Holt and Company, 34 West 33d Street, New
York City, publishers.
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