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T H E
MODERN HISTORY
. *or THE º *
INDIAN CHIEFS;\{AJAS, ZAMINDARS, &c.
e.... ." \
THE NATIVE ARISTOCRACY AND GENTRY,
* - " -
COMPRISING, * *
jistorical, Political Social, & pther Accounts
OF Several ANCIENT FAMILies, NoHLEMEN,
Q A N D FMINENT MEN
OF
BENGAL, BEHAB, DRISSA, NORTH WESTERN PROVINCES, PANJAB, RAJPUTANA, CENTRAL
- INDIA, CENTRAL PROVINCES, ASSAM, BOMBAY, HAIDERABAD,
MASUR, AND MADRAS,
WITH
A P P E N D I C E S,
cost ALN ING:
Short Wotices of upwards of 800 Chiefs, Nobles and Gentlemen on whom
$ Salutes, Titles and Honorary Distinctions have been conferred
by the British Government from its early settlement
down to the present time.
BY
L O K E N A T H G H O SE,
HoNorARY REGISTRAR BENGAL Music School, MEMBER of THE FAMILY LIrerary CLUB,
AUTHOR OF VICTORIA STUTIKA, A SANSKRIT HYMN Book IN Honor of HER. Most
f GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN-EMPRESs of INDIA, THE Music AND
MUSICAL NoTATION OF WARIOUS Countries, ºr HE MooRRN
HISTQRY OF THE INDIAN CHIEFS, RAJAS, ZAMINDARs,
&c., PART I., THE NATIVE STATEs, &c., &c. -
…A. A. A.
~ * ~~
(ſalt atta :
PRINTED & PUBLIHED BY J. N. GHOSE & Co., PRESIDENCy PRESS,
8, CHITPORE ROAD, CORNER OF LALL BAZAR.
• - IeS 8 I.
(4 ºf #igh ts reserved.) g Gº

A 3-25 0638
. . CONT ENTs.
—ºo -
Part I. T H E N A TIVE STA. T E S.
SECTION I.--NORTHERN INDIA.
Chapter I.—The Trans-Satlej
States.
Page.
Kashmir ... 1
Chapter II. —Minor Trans-Satlej
States.
I.—Kapurthala 4.
II. —Mandi o © tº tº ... 6
III.—Chamba ... • e tº ... ib.
IV.-Suket • * * * * ... 7
V.—Bahawalpur S
Chapter III—The Cis-Satlej States.
I.—Pattiala ... & e ºs ... 10
II. —Jhind e - e. & © º ... 13
III.-Nabha ... tº gº e ... 15
IV.-Kalsia e 4 - * Q tº ... 16
V.— Maler Kotla - Q & ... 17
VI. — Faridkot * * * ... 18
VII.-Mamdat ºn s e ..., 19 |
VIII.-Minor”States ... ... ib.
Chapter IV.-The Delhi Territory,
T.—Dujana .. ... . ... 19
II.-Ioharu ... tº e s ... 20
III.-Pataudi ... • * g. ... 21
Chapter V.-Hill States.
I.—Baghal ... e s e ... 21.
II.-Baghat. ... • * * ... 22
III.-Bashaher ... Z... ... ib.
IV.-Bhajji º e & a ... ib.
W.— Bijah tº e tº tº º º ... ib.
VI. —Bulsain ... g tº º © e. e. ib.
VII.—Dhami ... ... " ... ib.
VIII. —Dharkuti ... ... . ... ib.
IX.—Hindor or Nalaghar ... ?b.
X.—Jubal tº gº tº § - - ... ib.
XIz-Kahlur (Bilaspur) ... ib.
IXII —Keuntal ... e & © 23
XIII. —Kothar ... * G - - - - ib.
XIV.-Kumharsain, • * @ ... ib.
XV.-Kunhiare tº gº tº e tº º ... ib.
XVI.-Mailog ... e tº º ... ib.
XVII.-Mangal ... s e e ... 24
XVIII.—Sangri ... e tº o * b.
XIX:—Sirmur or Nahan ... ib.
XX.—Ti; o; e ſº e & G - ... ib.
Chapter VI.--Nepal, Sikkim, and
Bhutan.
I.—Nepal ... 4 º' tº ... 24.
II.-Sikkim ... * - e. ... 26
III.-Rhutan ... tº ſº e ... 28
SECTION II.-RAJPUTANA.
CHAPTER I.
Mewar or Udaipur ... a º ºs ... 29
CHAPTER II.
Ambar or Jaipur ... • e e ... 37
CHAPTER III.
Marwar or Jodhpur • * * ... 45
CHAPTER IV.
Bundi e - e. - - - * * * ... 52
CHAPTER V.
Kota ... 57
Jhallawar ... - e o a º e ... 62
CHAPTER WI. - ©
CHAPTER VII.
Tonk ... tº º tº e & 63
CHAPTER VIII.
Karauli • Q & • & © & © e ... 66
CHAPTER IX.
Kishengarh ... e - © * g e ... 69
CHAPTER X.
Dholpur e tº e to ºn 71
CHAPTER XI.
Bharatpur tº e > e tº 73
CHAPTER XII.
Alwar • a tº © tº e • * > ... 76
II.
SECTION II.--RAJP UTANA.—Continued.
CHAPTER XIII. Page.
79
81
84.
85
CHAPTER XVII. Page.
Banswarra ... tº º º tº e º ... 87
CHAPTER XVIII.
Partabgarh ... • * * tº e & ... 88
CHAPTER XIX.
Shahpura ... tº gº tº º gº tº ... 89
SECTN III–CENTRAL INDIA AND MALWA.
Bikanir & & © • *
CHAPTER XIV.
Jaisalmir ... * c &
CHAPTER XV.
Serohi e tº tº e © tº &
CHAPTER XVI.
Dungarpur e tº º
CHAPTER I.
Gwaliar • g © tº tº tº º e
CHAPTER II.
Indor ... wº e q is * * *
CHAPTER III.
Bhopal & * * tº is $ tº
CHAPTER IV.
Dhar ... * * e” ‘’ * g e
CHAPTER W.
Dewas e e tº º e tº º
CHAPTER WI.
Jaora ... sº tº ſº tº tº º
90
98
Nº. 103
. 107
. 109
. 111
Chapter VII.-Mediatized and Minor
States.
I
BHOPAL AGENCY.
I.—Agra Burkhera ..
II,_Basouda ...
III.--Dubla Dhir
IV.-Dubla Ghosi
V.—Duria Kheri
VI.—Hirapur ...
VII.—Jabria, Bhil
VIII.-Jhabra ©
IX. —Kakur Kheri
X.—Khilchipur
XI.—Khursia ...
XII.-Kumalpur
XIII.-Kurwai ...
XIV.-Mahomedgarh
, XV.--Maxudanghar
XVI.-Narsingarh
XVII.-Paron *
YVIII.-Pathari ...
XIX.--Rajgarh ...
XX.—Ramgarh
XXI.-Sutalea
II.
EHOPAWUR AGENCY.
I.—Alirajpur tº tº ſº ... 116
II.-Chota Barkhera or Sore-
pur e tº º tº gº tº & sº tº
III.-Jhabua ... e tº º ... ib.
IV.-Jobat tº tº º e ‘º º ... ib.
W.—Kali Boari to ſº ºn ... 117
VI.-Mota Barkhera ... ... ib.
VII.-Nimkhera or Tirla ... ib.
III.
TXHAR AGENCY.
I.—Baisola or Datri ... 117
II.-Bakhtgarh . ... ... ib.
III. —Barwani ... © º º ... ib.
IV.-Kachi Baroda ... ... ib.
W.—Matwar ... e tº e ... ib.
VI. —Multan ... tº º ſº. ... ib.
IV.
GWALIAR AGENCY.
I.-Baroda or Sheopur ... 118
I1.—-Bhadoura * @ e ... ib.
III. —Burra, * - e. tº dº ſº ... ib.
IV. —Khaltoun tº ſº e ... ib.
W.—Narwar * tº º ... ib.
V1.—Ragugarh tº tº wº ... ib.
VII. —Sirsi e tº º * * * ... ib.
V.
INDOR CENTRAL AGENCY.
I.—Baghli ... © tº e ... 119
1I.—Bai ge tº tº * @ e ... ib.
III. —Bhoja Kheri ... ... ib.
IV.-Dhawra Kunjara ... ib.
W. —Dhungong tº tº ... ib.
VI.-Karodia ... tº º ºs ... ib.
VII. —Kaytha ... & Cº º ... ib
VIII. —Khursi Jhalaria ... ... ib
* .IX. —Mayne ... • ... ... ib
X,-Patharia ... * tº e ... ib.
TIT,
SECTION III.-CENTRAL INDIA & MALWA.—Continued.
o Page. VII.
sº-º" g º ºr 1% NIMAR AGENCY Page,
XI ... — ithari tº º º tº tº e tº º e º, * * %
XIII.-Ragugarh... tº Q & e $ tº Čb. I.— Barudpura e ‘º g 122
º +. & II.-Chandgarh & © tº & ſº tº ib.
XIV. —Singhana tº gº tº * {º º tº ºn tº ib. III G * º h e ſº ib
XV.--Tonk ... ... ... ib .-- Ghurri or Bhaisa Kheri... ib.
* e TV. —Jamnia or Dabir ... ib.
VI. tº g
V.—Jumti * & © & © º & e - (ib.
MALWA AGENCY (WESTERN).
. . I.-Ajraoda ... 120
II.-Bardia ... tº tº ... ib.
VI.-Rajgarh ... ge º 'º e tº to
VII.-Sillani And Bakhtgarh ... ib.
III. —Bichrod ... tº e º ... b. VIII.
IV.-Biloda ... $ tº tº ... ib. OTHER PETTY CHAMEFS AND
V. —Dabri tº ſº tº e ‘º tº gº tº º Žb. NOBLE tº
VI.-Dhulatia ... e is º ... ?b.
VI.1. –Dutana ... tº tº º ... ib.
VIII.-Jowa.sea. ... * II.-Bastar ... ... . ... ?”.
IX.—Kalukhira © E tº ... ib. III.-Kanker ... e ſº ... ib.
|X.—Lalgarh ... ib. IV.-Kawarda ... tº g e ... ib.
T.—Bamra tº º ºs
XI.—Naogong ... tº tº e ... ib. W.—Khairaghar * º º ... ib.
XII.-Narwar ... tº $ tº ... ib. VI.-Kondka ... © tº gº ... ib.
XIII.-Nowlana... tº º tº ... ib. WI6–Makrai ... º, º e ... ib.
XIV.-Peploda ... • * * ... ib. VIII.-Nandgaon & º gº ... ib.
XV.-Piplia ... ... ... ib. IX.—Patna ... ... ... ib.
XVI.--Punth Piploda ... ... ib. X.—Raighar *.. tº ſº e ... ib.
XI.—Rairakhol... tº º º
XII.-Saranghar ... tº º ſº ... ib.
XIII.-Sakti ſº tº e tº tº tº ... ib.
XIV.—Sónpur ... tº º e ... ib.
XVII. —Ratlam ... tº tº º ... ib.
XVIII.—Sheogarh...
XIX. —Sillana ... tº gº tº ... ib.,
XX. —Sitamau ... & G tº ... ib.
©
SECTION IV.—BUNDELKPHANID.
CHAPTER I. VI.-Beronda, or Pathar Kuchar 132
Rewa tº $ tº * @ tº s tº e ... 124 VII.—Bijawar ... e tº & ... ib.
VIII.—Charkari © tº ... 133
CHAPTER II. IX. —Chattarpur tº º ſº ... ib.
TJrcha or Tehri e tº ... 126 Y.—Geroli ... 134
XI.-Gurihar ... e is tº ... ib.
& CHAPTER III. XII.-Husht Bhya Jaghirs ... ib.
Dattia © tº e º 'º • 128 | xiii. jassu Tº... . . . . 135
XIV.-Jigmi ... ... ... ib.
Sampthar charºn v. 129 | XV-Kalinjer Choubeys ... 136
XVI.-Kanyadhana ... 137
- XVII. —Koti to £ tº tº ſº º ... ib.
Chapter V.-Mediatized and Minor XVIII.-Logassi ... e is e ... ib.
States. XIX.-Maihir ... ... ... ib.
I.—Ajigarh ... 130 YX.—Niagaon Rebai ... ... 138
II.-Alipura ... 131 XXI. —Panna ... tº & & ... ib.
.III.-Baomi * tº e © tº tº ... ib. XXII.-Sohawal .. ... 139
IV.-Behri ... e tº º ... ib.,
V.—Behu.
... 132
xxiii. suija ... ... ... i.
XXIV.-Uchera and Nagod ... ib.
SECTION W.—WESTERN INDIA.
CHAPTER I. Page.
Baroda * @ 9 ... 140
CHAPTER II.
Kolhapur . 146
CHAPTER III.
Sawant Wari gº tº dº * * ... 150
CHAPTER IV.
Rachh . 153
Chapter v. Nº. and Minor
States.
I.
Jinjira " . . . & º ºs . 156
II.
Jowar tº º & tº ſº tº gº º & ... ib.
III. Nº.
Rambay Up tº e & tº ſº e - ſº . 157
- IV.
J. KATHIWAR (PRINCIPAL CHIEFS).
I.—Bhaonagar ... 157
II. — Dhrol ge º º * * * ... 158
III. —Drangdra tº º º ... ib.
IV.-Gondal ... e tº º ... ib.
V.—Jaffarabad tº $ tº ... ib.
VI. —Junagarh 159
VII.—Limri Yº ſº tº gº º is ... ib.
VIII.-Morvi * 9 e tº G tº ... ib.
IX. —Nowanagar • * * ... ib.
X.—Palitana ... tº º is tº º º
|XI. –Porbandar tº e tº ... ib.
XII.-Rajkot ... tº tº º ... ib.
XIII.--Wadwan ... * G - ... 161
IXIV. —Wankanir * tº ... ib.
V.
KATHIwaR (Other Chiefs).
I.—Bantwa, 161
II.-Bujana 162
III.-Chura ... e tº º ... ib.
IV.--Jasdan ... § º º ... ?b.
V.—Lakhtar ... tº gº & ... ib.
VI.-Lathi tº tº gº s & © ... ib.
VII.-Mallia ... s & © ... ib.
VIII. — Mulj * g is tº tº dº ... ib.
IX. —Sayla tº ºn tº º gº tº ... ib.
| X.—Wirpur ... * * * ... ib.
XI, -—Wala g g tº * tº
VI. Q
IKOLHAPUR CHIEFS. Page.
I. --Baura wº * * *
II.--Datawad ... tº § ... ib.
III.--Datawad ... * * * ... ib.
IV. —Juchal Kuranji ... ... ib.
V.—Kagal * * * tº ºn tº ... ib.
VI. —Kagal . . e tº 3 ... ºb.
VII.--Kagal ... • * * ... ".
VIII.-Kagal ... & & & ... ?b.
TX. —Kapshi ... * gº tº v. č
X.—Torgal ... g ſº tº gº tº tº
XI.--Wishalgarh tº tº a ... ib.
VII.
MAHIKANTA (Principal Chief).
Edar ... tº dº & ... 164
VIII.
MAHIKANTA (Other Chiefs).
I. —Amulyara tº gº & ... 165
II.-Bolundra & ſº º ... ib.
III.-Dadhalya e tº a ... ?b.
IV. —Danta ... * e is ... ib.
V.—Dubha ... tº e > ... ib.
VI. —Ghorasur & e º ... ib.
VII.-Gubut gº º º tº ſº tº ... ib.
VIII.- Ilol * * * ©e • ... ib.
IX. —Katosan ... * G & ... ib.
X.—Khural ... tº e tº ... ib
XI.-Likhi * * * * gº º e
XII. — Magori ... • * * ... ib.
XIII.--Malpur ... º tº tº ... ib.
X I V.-Mansa ... tº º ºs ... ib.
XV. —Mohanpur ºn tº 3 ... ib.
XVI.-Pethapur ... . ... ib.
XVII. —POl tº gº º tº gº º ... ib.
XVIII. — Punadra ... e ſº tº ... ib.
XIX. —Ramasam ... tº º e ... ib.
YX.— Rumas ... § º º ... ib.
YXI.—Rupal ... tº gº e ... ib.
XXII. —Sathamba tº gº tº ... ib.
XXIII.--Sudasma ... tº gº º ... ib.
XXIV.-Waragam ſº º º ... 167
XXV.—Warsora tº º ſº ... ib.
XXVI. —Wulasma, tº e de ... ib.
XXVII.—Wusna. ... tº e e ... ib.
IX.
PAHLANPUR AGENCY (Principal Chiefs).
. I.—Pahlanpur ... 167
£I.—Radhanpur *... ... ib.
1 Fi E.
MoDERN HISTORY
OF THE
INDIAN CHIEFS, RAJAS, ZAMINDARS, &c.
PART I –THE NATIVE STAYES.
SECTION I.-N OR THE R N IN DIA.
Chapter I.-The Trans-Satlej States.
K As HM Iº.
KASHMIR is situated on the north-west corner of India, and is Sur-
rounded on all sides by the lofty chains of the Himakaya’s forming a
beautiful valley, the climate of which is salubrious, the soil fruitful, and
the inhabitants healthy, robust and fair complexioned. The people are
followers of Guru Nanuk and are called Sikhs. The area of Kashmir
including Jaſhmu is 68,000 square miles and its population about
1,600,000 souls. Revenue Rupees 82,32,000. Tribute one horse, 12
shawl goats and three pairs of shawls. The military force of the State
consists of 18 field and 80 other guns, 1,200 artillerymen, 1,400 cavalry,
and 25,600 infantry including police.
The remotest period to which we can trace back the history of
Kashmir, finds it in the possession of the Aryans, it was perhaps one
of the earliest settlements made by that race of people in India, and for
several centuries it was governed by a succession of Hindu princes.
These princes were frequently disturbed by incursions of the predatory
Tartars, and were at one time driven from the capital being obliged
to take refuge in the hills. In spite, however, of these vicissitudes,
they continued to hold possession of the valley till the middle of
Tartars. the fourteenth century, when it was wrested from their
Conquest hands by a body of Tartars, who retained possession of
*Y Akbar, their conquest for more than two centuries. In A.D. 1587,
Kashmir was conquered by the Emperor Akbar and incorporated with
the Moghal Empire.
2. ` -e Modern - story of
“ouring the dismemberment of the empire which followed the
dissolution of the Moghal dynasty, Muhammad-Azim Khan,
the governor of Kashmir, proclaimed himself independent
Azim Khan.
Cashmir con-
quered by , and assumed the insignia of royalty (1809), ruling over
Ranjit Singh, the country till 1819, when it was conquered by Ranjit
Singh, surnamed “The Lion of Lahor” and annexed to his dominions.
After the termination of the first Sikh war, the English Govern-
The English ment obtained possession of Kashmir by virtue of a treaty
in posses- *Ncluded at Lahor (1846). Dord Hardinge, the then
Sloll, Governor General, finding it difficult to guard the new
acquisition in the midst of the disturbance occasioned by the late war,
and desirous of maintaining peace with the Sikhs, determined to confer
it on some powerful Sikh chieftain. It was, accordingly, formed into
an independent State under Golab Singh, Chief of Jammu, who in return
paid the English Government seventy-five lakhs of Rupees.
Golab Singh, a Dogra Rajput, was the brother of Dhyan Singh,
Goiab singh's Ranjit's prime minister. He began life as a horseman in
Cà l'ééI’. the army of Ranjit Singh, but soon rose to an independent
command and distinguished himself by taking prisoner Agar Khan, the
Chief of Rajaori, for which service Ranjit conferred on him the prin-
cipality of Jammu. Golab Singh now proceeded to establish his authority
over the neighbouring Rajput chiefs, and succeeded in extending his
sway as far as Ladakh. In the revolutions which preceded the Sikh
War, he was elected minister of the Khalsa and tried to maintain the
relation of amity which existed between the Lahor State and the
British Government. He also took an important part in the negocia-
tions which followed the battle of Sobraon and as a reward for these
- services the Honorable East India Company made over to
Invested * *
with the him all the hill country between the Indas and the Ravi,
*.tº including Chamba and Lakhimpur. In 1847, Badrawar
was added to his territories in return for which he relin-
quished all claims on Chamba.
Golab Singh died in 1857, and was succeeded by his son Ranbir
Singh the now reigning prince Like his father, His High-
His services * Maharaja Ranbir Singh Bahadur proved himself a
during the faithful ally of the British Government, and in the year of
mutiny. the mutiny (1857), assisted Government by sending troops
Ranbir Singh
the Indian Chiefs, ºaſas, Zandi,..., "s, &c. R-A
to Delhi, where they fought bravely and well. On 1st November . , 1,
the Maharaja was invested with the insignia of the Most Exalted Order
of the Star of India, and was also granted the right of adoption.
His Highness “contributed Rs. 93,478 to the Panjab University
College ; and gave a handsome subscription to the Famine Relief Fund
of Bengal. He rendered valuable assistance to the various Yarkand
Missions.” -
His Highness the Maharaja visited Calcutta in December 1875,
The pine, and was present at the landing of His Royal Highness the
of Wales vis- Prince of Wales on the 23rd December 1875; as also at the
its Kashmir. reception of native princes held on the following day. His
Highness visited the Prince who received him warmly and paid him a
return visit at his residence in the city. His Royal Highness also
visited Jammu the capital of the Maharaja and was much pleased with
the splendid displays and the hunting and hawking parties provided for
the occasion. His Highness the Maharaja was also present at the Im-
Increase of perial Assemblage held at Delhi on the st of J anuary 1877,
Salute. on account of the assumption of the title of “Empress of
India” by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. His Highness met with
a gracious recéption from His Excellency Lord Lytton, who conferred on
him on behalf of the Queen the most honorable title of “Counsellor of
the Empress.” His Highness the Maharaja also received on the occasion
the honorary rank of “General in the Army” and the title “Indar-
Mahendar Bahadur Sipar-i-Sultanat,” with an increase of salute from 19
to 21 guns.” His Highness Maharaja Ranbir Singh Bahadur has also
been declared to be an ex-officio, and for life, Companion and Member of
the Order of the Indian Empire instituted on the 1st January 1878, by
the Gracious Command of Her Majesty the Queen and Empress of India.
His Highness Maharaja General Sir Ranbir Singh Bahadur ; Indar-
Mahendar Bahadur, Sipar-i-Sultanat ; Knight Grand Commander of the
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India; Counsellor of the Empress ;
is now 48 years of age and has judicial powers of life and death.
The principal amlahs of the State are Dewans, Thakur Das ; Atwa-
ram ; and Jºwala Sahai ; the ‘latter was created a Companion of the
* The increased number of salutes which the Chiefs have received at the
Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, is personal, and will
not in future necessarily continue to their successors,
4 The Modern History of
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. • *
Chapter II.-Minor Trans-Satlej States.
1. – K A P U R T H A L A .
THE territory of Kapurthala lies in the Jallendar Doab. The
area of the Rºnjab possessions and of the Oudh estates is 1,650 square
miles. The population of the estates in Oudh and of the territories in
the Panjab is 470,000 souls. Revenue Rs. 17,00,000. The army consists
of 3 Fort guns, 12 field guns, 198 cavalry, 1,014 infantry, and 200
police. A sum of Rs. 1,31,000 is payable annually in commutation for
military service. Nº.
The family of Kapurthala originally came from Ahlu, a village in
the Bari Doab, whence it is called the “Ahluwalia” family. The founder
Jassa Singh Sirdar Đassa. Singh by race a Jat Kalal had during the
confusion which prevailed in the Panjab towards the close
of the 18th century, made himself master of some places in the
Doab. Sirdar Fatteh Singh, enlarged these acquisitions by new
conquests and by grants from the Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
The territory thus acquired, extends over both banks of
the Satlejº; and derives its name from the chief city Kapurthala.
In 1809, most of the Cis-Satlej States were taken under British
protection. Sirdar Fatteh Singh acknowledged the suzerainty of the
English over his possessions on that side of the river; and engaged to
furnish supplies to the British troops stationed there and to join the
English standard with his troops during war. In 1826, he was assured
of protection against the aggressions of Ranjit Singh. But notwith-
standing the protection thus granted to him, the Sirdar of Kapurthala
Fatteh Singh.
proved inimical to the English during the first Sikh war, for he not only
neglected to furnish them with troops on this occasion, but fought
against them in the battle of Aliwal. For this hostile act his Cis-Satlej
estates were confiscated. The Trans-Satlej possessions 2nly were left;
to him on condition of his continuing faithful to the British Government,
and his paying a commutation in cash in lieu of “the service engage-
ments by which he had previously been bound to the Government of
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 5
Lahor.” The commutation was at first fixed at Rs. 138,000, but was
subsequently, reduced to Rupees 1,31,000. At the same time the Sirdar
WàS required to abolish all customs aud transit duties throughout his
dominions and to keep the high roads in repair.
Fatten Singh was succeeded by Sirdar Nihal Singh ; who after the
annexation of the Panjab, was created a Raja, and his
family possessions in the Bari Doab, which had been
confiscated by the English were made over to him on a life tenure,
and subject to the British jurisdiction. He died in ,1852, leaving
the throne to his son Randhir Singh. This prince rendered important
service to the British Government during the mutiny of 1857-58, both
Randhir singh in the Panjab and in Oudh ; and as a reward, received in
†. . perpetuity, the estate in the Bari Doab which had been
ing the mu granted to his father on a life tenure, besides receiving
tiny. two estates in Oudh with the remission of half the revenue
(1859), and in 1862, was granted the right of adoption. The Raja
was also created a Knight of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of
India (1864).
In the end of 1869, Raja Randhir Singh Bahadur, G. C. S. I. ; set
out for England, but died at Aden on the 2nd April 1870, on his return
voyage. His eldest son Raja Kharak Singh, then 21 years
of age, succeeded him on the throne, but as the Raja was
Nihal Singh.
Kharak Singh
in a delicate state of health a British officer was appointed as Superinten-
dent of the State in 1875, under the general control of the commissioner
of the Jallendar Division. The prince was present at the levee held in
the Panjab for the purpose of paying his respects to His Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales (1876), who received him graciously and made
him a return visit.
While writing the above the sad intelligence has been received of
the death of His Highness Raja Kharak Singh Bahadur, who, attacked.
with heat appoplexy, died on the 5th September 1877, leaving the throne
Jagat Singh to his son Jagat Singh, then only 6 years of age. His
Salute Highness Raja Jagat Singh Bahadur, aged 9 years, has
judicial inferior powers and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns.
The principal amlahs of the State are Dewans, Ramjas, and
Mathura Das,
6 The Modern History of
II. — M A N D I.
This State lies near the source of the river Beas. f has an area
of 1,200 square miles and contains a population of 135,000 Souls.
Revenue Rupees 3,65,000, of which a sum of Rupees 1,00,000 is
payable annually as Nazzarana. The army consists of 3 guns, 20
artillerrymen and 50 infantry.
The principality of Mandi is represented by a Chanda Bansi
Rajput family. The State came under the suzerainty of Ulle English
by the treaty *f Lahor (1846). A sannad was granted to the Raja
Balbir Sen, empowering him to exercise full sovereign
authority in his own dominions and conferring the succes-
sion to the sons of the Raja, and in failure of issue to the sons of
his brothers according to seniority. On his part, the Raja agreed to
pay an annual tribute of a Mkh of Rupees, to join the British stan-
dard in time of war, to supply provisions according to his means, to
abolish tolls and duties on goods exported and imported, to protect
bankers and other traders within the State, and to put a stop to the
practice of slave dealing, sati, female infanticide, and the burning or
drowning of lepers. Raja Balbir Sen died in 1859, and was succeeded
by his son Bijai Sen then 4 years of age. A Council of Regency was
formed to manage the affairs of the State during the
minority of the Raja. In 1866, this Council was abolish-
Balbir Sen.
Bijai Sem
ed, and the Government was entrusted to the Raja. But as he was
too young to conduct the administration of the State, a British Officer
was appointed as Counsellor. He was withdrawn in 1873. His High-
ness Raja Bijai Sen Bahadur, was present at the Imperial Assemblage
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. The Raja now aged 32 years
has received the right of adoption and is entitled to a
Salute.
Salute of 11 guns. He has judicial inferior powers.
III. – C H A. M. B A .
THIS ancient Rajput principality is bounded on the north and
north-west by Kashmir, on the north-east and east by British Lahoul
and Ladakh, and on the South by the district of Kangra. Its area is
3,216 square miles, and population 140,000 souls. The estimated
revenue is about Rs. 1,90,000. Tribute Rs. 5,000. The military
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 7
force consists of one field and three other guns, and 160 infantry and
police. * e -
The Chamba State came into British possession in 1846. A
portion of it was conferred on the Maharaja Golab Singh of Kashmir,
but the year following this portion was resumed and the entire prin-
cipality was again brought under the British Government. A sannad
Sri Singh. ” granted to Raja Sri Singh a Rajput on conditions
similar to that conferred on the Raja of Mandi. In
1862, the Raja being heavily involved in pecuniary matters made
an application to Government who appointed a British officer to
superintend the State and the result was so far satisfactory that
within the course of eight years the revenue rose from Rs. 20,000
to Rs. 1,73,000. Sri Singh died in October 1870, leaving no issue.
His younger brother Suchet Singh claimed the chiefship, but the
Government recognised the succession of Gopal Singh, half
brother of the late Raja. In 1873, Gopal Singh feeling
his incapacity to administer the affairs of the State, applied to the
British Government, stating his wish to abdicate and that his son
Gopal Singh.
Sham Singh, a minor of 8 years, might be allowed to succeed him.
Suchet Singh seeing his opportunity again advanced his claims, but to
no purpose, as Government recognised the son of Gopal Singh who was
accordingly installed on the Gaddi.
Owing however to the minority of Raja Sham Singh, the State
was placed under the supervision of the Political Superintendent,
Colonel B. T. Reid, S. C., assisted by the officials of the
State, viz., Wazir, Main Atar Singh, and Mir Munshi
Gobind Chand. His Highness Raja Sham Singh Bahadur, was present
at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877.
The Raja, aged 14 years, has received the right of adop-
tion, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. He has judi-
Sham Singh.
Salute.
cial inferior powers.
I W , — S U K E T .
SUKET is situated on the south of Mandi. It covers an area of
420 square miles and contains a population of 45,358 souls. Revenue
is Rs. 67,754, and the annual nazzarana is Rs. 11,000. The military
force consists of 40 cavalry and 500 infantry.
8 The Modern History of
Like the two previous States, this principality of Suket fell into
the possession of the English by the treaty of Lahor. Full sove-
Uggar Sen. reignty was conceded to Raja Uggar Sen, a Rajput, on con-
dition of his paying to Government an annual tribute of
Ruddar Sen. Rs. 11,000. The Raja was also granted the right of adop-
tion. Uggar Sen died in 1875, and was succeeded by his son
Ruddar Sen, the present prince.
His Highness Raja Ruddar Sen Bahadur was present at the
Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. The
Raja, aged 55 years, has been deposed by Government on the 5th
April 1878, for misconduct. He is to be succeeded by
his son who may be also entitled to a Salute of 11 guns
attached to the chiefship of this State. The chief has
judicial inferior powers,
W – B A H A W A L P U R .
THE principality of Bahawalpur occupies a narrow strip of land
extending for 300 miles along the left bank of the Satlej; Chinab and
Indas successively. The soil is fertile near these rivers; but the eastern
His son.
Salute,
part is covered by a sandy plain which runs over nearly half the length
of the country. The area is 22,000 Square miles, and the population
500,000 souls. The gross revenue is estimated at Rs. 20,00,000.
The military force consists of 12 field guns, 99 artillerymen, 300
cavalry and 2,493 infantry and police.
The origin of this State is ascribed to Daud Khan, an inhabitant
of Shikarpur in Sindh. Driven from his native country by
the persecutions of the Daurani Emperor of Kabul, Daud
sought refuge in the sandy plain to the east of th Indas. Here he
settled himself with his followers and with their aid brought the
neighbouring country under subjection. His son Mubarik added to
Daud Khan.
Mubarik. these conquests the district of Khandal which he con-
Bahawal quered from the Bhatis. Bahawal Khan who followed
Khan. Mubarik still further enlarged the possessions to which he
succeeded and built the city of Ballawalpur from which the State
derives its name. In 1780, Bahawalpur was attacked by an army sent
- by the Emperor of Kabul and Bahawal Khan finding himself unable to
cope with the invaders made his submission and acknowledged the
the Indian Chieſs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 9
sadik Muham. Supremacy of the Emperor. His son and successor Sadik
mad Khan. Muhammad Khan however taking advantage of the dis-
memberment of the Daurani Empire which soon followed, threw off the
yoke of Kabul and proclaimed himself independent.
Sadik Muhammad Khan was succeeded by his son Nawab Bahawal
Bahawal Khan II. This prince stood in constant dread of Ranjit
** Singh whose growing power put the neighbouring chiefs
in an agony of consternation ; and he made frequent applications to
the British Government for protection against the encrºachments of
Treatics. the Sikh Chieftain. These were refused at the time ; in
1833, however, a commercial treaty was concluded with
Bahawalpur by which the independence of the Nawab within his own
territory was recognised. In 1838, the British Government undertook
the restoration of Shah Suja to IKabul. A treaty was entered into with
the Nawab Bahawal Khan II., by which he “placed himself under the
supremacy of, and bound himself to act in subordinate co-operation with
the British Government, receiving its protection and being recognised
as the absolute ruler of his country.” During the Afghan war the
Nawab rendered every assistance in his power and received by way
of reward the districts of Sabzalkot and Bhung Bara. In the second
Sikh war, Bahawal Khan II. fought with the English troops at Multan,
and was rewarded by the grant of a life-pension of Rs. 1,00,000
annually. He died in 1852, leaving the throne to his third
*. son Muhammad Sadik Khan in supercession of the eldest;
sº Fatteh Khan. But the latter could not bear to see his
ºk. ... younger brother placed on the throne; he collected
an army and backed by the principal officers of the State
deposed Muhammad Sadik Khan and was recognised as Nawab. The
deposed chief applied to the British Government for assistance, but
Government refused to interfere in such a cause, and Muhammad Sadik
I(han was obliged to relinquish his claims to the throne and reside
in British territory with an allowance of T.S. 1,600 a month.
Nawab Fatteh Khan died in.1858, and was succeeded by his son
Dahawal Rahim Yar Muhammad alias Bahawal Khan III. During
Khan III, the short reign of this prince Bahawalpur presented a
scene of cruelty and oppression ; and his death. Which happened on
j () The Modern Iſistory of
sadik Muham- the 25th March 1866, proved a relief to the State. “An
mad Khan II, interregnum followed.” After which.Sadik Muhammad
IXhan II., the infant son of the late Nawab was raised to the throne
and on account of his minority the administration of the State is
at present managed by a British officer appointed by Government.
The young Nawab is under the tutelage of J. C. Doran, Esq., and is
now residing with him at Lahor. He receives a monthly allowance
of Rs. 25,000 for his personal expenses.
In 187 % His Highness the young Nawab was present at the
levee held in the Panjab to pay his respects to His Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales, who received him warmly and paid him a return visit.
His Highness was also present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi
on the 1st January 1877. The Nawab is “a fine athletic boy; a
capital poloplayer ;” and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns.
His Highness has judicial powers of life and death and
is at present 18 years of age. !
The amlahs ºf the Sadar Adalat and Darbar administration are
Lalji Pershad, Shamsuddin, Muhammad Niwaj Shah, Bishambar Nath,
G. M. Khan, Dewan Jathi Mal, Makhdam Golam Ali Shah, and Ali
Gohar IKhan. G
Salute,
Chapter III.-The Cis-Satlej States.
I.— P A T TI A L A .
PATTIALA is the largest of the Sikh States. It comprises an area
of 5,412 square miles and contains a population of 1,650,000 souls.
Its revenue is estimated at Rupees 44,00,000. The army consists of
2,750 cavalry, 600 infantry including police, 238 artillerymen, and 109
guns. A contingent of 100 men is furnished annually to the British
Government and a relief is payable on succession of collateral heirs.
The princes of Pattiala belong to the Sikh (Sidhu Jat) tribe.
They trace their descent from Chaudhuri Phul, a peasant, who founded
a village in the territory of Nabha. Chandhuri had two
Tam, sons, Tilok and Ram, and it is from the latter that the
ruling chief of Pattiala is descended.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamāndars, &c. 11
Very little is known of the history of this State previous to
Sahib Singh. the reign of Sahib Singh, who ascended the throne in
1781. The independence of the Cis-Satlej States was, at
this time, threatened by Ranjit Singh, king of Lahor. Sahib Singh
with the neighbouring chiefs appealed to the English for protection.
This was granted to him on condition of supplying troops in time
of war (1809). Sahib Singh died in 1813, and was succeeded
Karam by Karam Singh. During the Nepal war, Maharaja
Singh. Raram Singh assisted the English with troops; and on
its termination, obtained from Government portions of the Keonthal
and Bhagat States on payment of Rupees 2,80,000. In 1830, he
exchanged the hill territory of Simla for three villages in pargannah
Barauli. He died after a prosperous reign of thirty-two years (1845).
His son Maharaja Narindar Singh succeeded him on the throne.
Narindar During the whole of his reign, the Maharaja proved
Singh. himself a faithful ally of the British Government and
in the year 1846, obtained a large accession of territory, yielding a
revenue of Rupees 30,000 for his services during the Sikh war,
and in the year following received an additional grant of land con-
fiscated from" the Lahor Darbar, in consideration of his having
abolished all customs and transit duties. A sannad was also granted
to him, confirming him in his hereditary and acquired
Assists the
English dur- possessions. During the Sepoy mutiny, Maharaja Na-
ing the mu- iº ſº
tiny. rindar Singh assisted the English with money and troops
and received besides other rewards, the Narnoul Division of the Jajhar
territory, yielding a revenue of Rupees 2,00,000 on condition of poli-
tical and military service in time of general danger. In 1860, a new
sannad was granted to him on very favorable conditions; by this the
English Government conferred on him among other things, the right
of adoption, and gave up all claims to tribute on account of revenue,
service or otherwise. More recently another sannad was granted,
making over to him certain lands in liquidation of debts due to him by
the British Government. On the 1st of November 1861, the Maharaja
was created a Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the
Star of India. He died on the 14th November 1862, and was succeed-
cd by his son Mahendar Singh, then twelve years of age.
12 The Modern History of
In 1870, Maharaja Mahendar Singh having attained his majority,
Mahendar assumed the full administration of the State; and in 1871,
Singh. was invested with the insignia of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India. The whole of this Maharaja's
reign was devoted to the improvement of Pattiala. Among
other things, he introduced a regular system of land revenue, and
adopted strict measures for the improvement of sanitation in his terri-
tory. He also established 86 schools and nine hospitals in different
parts of the country, exclusive of a college and a hospital at Pattiala.
A telegraph ºffice was also established by him in the State, and a sum
exceeding Rs. 1,00,000 expended for the construction of a splendid
building, called “Mahendar Serai,” for the convenience of travellers.
His charitable But the greatest work of general utility executed by him
actS. is a canal extending to the Satlej. His charitable acts
are also many in number. "He gave Rs, 10,000 to the Relief Commit-
tee of Bengal, and offered a loan of Rs. 1,00,000 for Famine expendi-
ture to the Government of India. He also endowed the Panjab
University College with Rs. 1,06,351 for founding Scholarships in
commemoration of His Royal Highness Prince Alfred's visit to the
Tanjab, and as memorials of Sir Donald McLeod and the late lamented
Iord Mayo.
His Highness Sri Maharaja Mahendar Singh Mahendar Bahadur,
G.C.S.I., was present at the landing of His Royal Highness the Prince
of Wales at Calcutta, on the 23rd December 1875. He was also pre-
sent at the grand reception of native princes and at the Grand Chapter
of the Star of India. He received a cordial reception at the hands of
The Prince of the Prince, who paid him a retum visit at his residence
Wales visits in Calcutta, and another at Pattiala, while on his way to
Pattiala.
Agra.
On the 14th April 1876, the Maharaja died suddenly of heat
appoplexy at the early age of 26, leaving two infant sons. The elder
Tikaji Rajen- Tikaji Rajendar Singh has been installed as Maharaja.
dar Singh. His Excellency Lord Lytton assisted at the ceremony of
installation, and presented the young Maharaja with a haudsome sword
and jewels sent by our Most Gracious Empress. Owing to the minority
of the Maharaja the State is at present under the management of
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 13
Regency Council consisting of Sirdar Deva Singh, Nazim Namdar FChan
Bahadur, Chaudhuri Charat Ram, Khalifa Said Muhammad Husain
Rhan Bahadur and Mir Munshi Khan Bahadur.
His Highness Maharaja Tikaji Rajendar Singh Bahadur is en-
Salute. titled to a salute of 17 guns, and is now about seven
years of age. His Highness has judicial powers of life
and death. -
Sirdar Atar Singh Bahadur, Zaildar, Pattiala, and member of
the Senate of the Panjab University College at Lahor, received
the title of “ Mulaz-ul-ulama-o-ul-Fazal” at the Imperial Assemblage
held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877.
II.-J. H IN T).
THIS principality lies to the south of Pattiala. It embraces an
area of 1,236 square miles, and contains a population of 3,11,000
souls. The entire revenue is between six and seven lakhs of Rupees.
A contingent of 25 horsemen is furnished annually" to the British
Government. The military force consists of four field and six other
guns, 79 artillerymen, 200 cavalry, and 1,600 infantry.
The ruling family of Jhind claims a close affinity to that of Pat-
tiala ; both being descended from one common ancestor, and the foun-
dation of the States being simultaneous. Gajpat Singh,
the first Raja of Jhind held his possessions under grants
from the Emperors of Delhi, and enlarged them by conquests. He
died in 1789, and was succeeded by his son Bagh Singh. It was
during the reign of this prince that the relations of the
State with the British Government first commenced.
m, conne. After the overthrow of the Mahrattas in 1805, Bagh
tion with the Singh offered his allegiance to the English, and assisted
English.
Gajpat Singh.
Bagh Singh.
Lord Lake in his pursuit of Holkar, and as a reward, the
British Government confirmed him in the possession of his paternal
territories, and conferred on him for life only, the pargannahs of
Rharkonda and Bhawani, each yielding about Rs. 25,000 per annum,
together with a portion of Barsat Faridpur, in Panipat.
Bagh Singh was succeeded in 1819 by Fatteh Singh, who died after
Fattoh Singh. a short reign of three years, leaving the throne to Sangat
Singh (1822). The reign of this prince extending over
14 The Modern History of
twelve years is not marked by any important event. He died without
issue in 1834, and as he left no near relative to succeed him, the British
Government declared the principality escheated. Subse-
quently however, Sarup Singh, who was a distant kinsman
of the deceased chief, laid claims to the family-possessions, which were
eventually admitted, and he was installed as Raja. But the accession of
territory obtained by the former Rajas, amounting nearly to one-half of
the principality, was annexed to the British dominions, so that Sarup
Singh succeeded only to the “first conquests made by his ancestor,
Gajpat Singh, *added to the later grants of the British Government.”
Raja Sarup Singh always evinced a strong desire to meet the wishes of
the British Government ; and though himself a Sikh, yet during the
Sikh war he remained firm in his allegiance to the English. He relin-
quished all right of levying customs and transit duties throughout his
dominions, and for this act obtained from Government a grant of land
worth about Rs. 1,000 annually, to be held by him and his heirs in per-
petuity. In 1857, the Sepoy mutiny having broke out, Sarup Singh,at the
requisition of the British Government, marched against the mutineers
His services with his troops. He took up his station before Delhi,
during mu- and assisted the English army in re-occupying the city.
tiny,
Sarup Singh.
In consideration of his valuable services on this occasion
he received an additional grant of territory yielding Rs. 1,16,800 per
annum, “on condition of fidelity and military and political service in
time of difficulty and danger.” In 1860, a sannad was conferred on
him, granting him the right of adoption and guaranteeing him in the
free and unreserved possession of his ancestral territories as well as
those bestowed on him and his predecessors by the British Government.
At the same time a portion of the Kanoud Tehsil of the Jajhar
territory was made over to him, on payment of
º Rs. 3,70,000 as Nazzarana. In January 1864, Sarup
ll)gll. Singh breathed his last, and was succeeded by Raghbir
Singh, the present Raja. This prince visited Calcutta in December
1875, and was present at the landing of His Royal High-
*...* ness the Prince of Wales. • IIe attended the Grand Chapter
Wales at of the Star of India, held on 1st January 1876, where he
Calcutta. was invested by His Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales in person. With the insignia of a Knight Grand Commander
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 15
of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. His High-
ness Raja Sir Taghbir Singh Bahadur, G. C. S. I., was present
at the Imperiaſ Assemblage held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877, and received the most honorable title of “Counsellor
of the Empress” with an increase of salute from 11 to 13
guns. His Highness the Raja has also been declared to be
an eac-officio and for life, Companion and Member of the Order of the
Indian Empire on the 1st January 1878.
His Highness Farzand Dilband ; Rasekhal Itgad; Daulat Inglishia ;
Raja Sir Raghbir Singh Bahadur ; Knight Grand Comfmander of the
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India; Counsellor of the Empress,
&c., has judicial powers of life and death, and is now 45 years of age.
III.-N A B H A.
THE territory of Nabha consists of detached portions, of which
the largest is a long and narrow strip lying to the north of Pattiala.
The total area of the State is 863 square miles and population 300,000
souls. The estimated revenue is Rs. 6,50,000. . A contingent of 50
horsemen is due annually for imperial service. The army consists of 12
field and 10 other guns, 50 artillerymen, 560 cavalry and 1,250 infantry.
The princes of Nabha are descended from Tilok, eldest son of
Chaudhuri Phul. The first connection of the State with the British
Jeswant Government dates as parly as the year 1809, when the
Singh. Raja Jeswant Singh was taken under English protection.
But his son, Devindar Singh, who succeeded him in 1840, violated
Devindar the conditions of the treaty, and sided with the Sikhs
Singh. in the first Sikh war. For this, he was deposed ; one-
fourth of his possessions was confiscated and equally divided between
the Rajas of Pattiala and Faridkot, and the remainder conferred on
Bharpur his son Bharpur Singh who was acknowledged as Raja.
Singh. Raja Bharpur “made ample amends for his father's lapse”
by espousing the cause of the British Government during the Sepoy
Assists the mutiny. He supplied Government with troops and provi-
*m. sions, and received in reward a portion of the Jajhar
tiny. territory, yielding a revenue of Rs. 1,06,000 per annum, on
condition of "political and military service in times of danger. In 1860,
a sannad similar to those granted to the Rajas of Pattiala and Jhind,
Increase of
salute.
was conferred on him, and in 1862, he was guaranteed the right of adop-
16 The Modern Iſistory of
tion. Subsequently, portions of the pargannahs of Kanoad and Budwanah
in the district of Jajhar were made over to the Raja, on payment of
Bhagwan a Nazzarana of Rs. 9,50,500. He died in November 1863,
Singh. and was succeeded by his younger brother Bhagwan Singh.
The reign of this prince has been a peaceful and prosperous one.
Like his brother he has been a steady and faithful adherent of the
British Government. Raja Bhagwan Singh died in May 1871, with-
PHira. Singh out issue and was succeeded by a collateral relative, Hira
*" Singh of Badrakhan, a feudatory of Jhind.
His Highness Raja Hira Singh Mahendar Bahadur was present
at the levee, held in the Panjab in honor of His Royal Highness, the
Prince of Wales, and received a cordial reception from the Prince who
paid him a return visit. His Highness the Raja also attended the
Increase of Imperial Assemblage held at Delhi on the 1st January
Salute. 1877, and was honored with an increase of salute from 11
to 13 guns. His Highness has judicial powers of life and death, and is
now 36 years of age.
IV.—IKALSIA.
THE area of Kalsia is 155 square miles, and the population 62,000
souls. The revenue is estimated at Rs. 130,000 per annum. The
military force consists of 50 cavalry, 260 infantry, three guns, and
eight artillerymen.
In 1809, Jodh Singh accepted British protection, and since that
* time he proved himself faithful to the British Govern-
Jodh Singh.
ment. He was succeeded by Sirdar Sobha Singh, who was
also faithfully attached to the engagements made by his
predecessor with Lord Lake. Sirdar Sobha Singh died on
the 14th February 1858, and was succeeded by his son,
Lehna Singh. . This Chief received a sannad, conferring
on him the right of adoption. He died on the 19th February 1869,
and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Bishen Singh, then 15 years of
age. Owing to the minority of this chief, the State was
at first managed by a British officer, assisted by two others
Sobha Singh.
Lehma. Singh.
Bishen Singh.
selected from the Kalsia and Jhind States, but its manegement was
subsequently transferred to the hands of a Nazim under the control of
the Commissioner of Umballa, His Highness Sirdar Bishen Singh
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 17
Bahadur, has now attained majority and assumed the administration of
the State. His Highness the Sirdar was present at the Imperial As-
semblage held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, and is now 25 years
of age. His Highness possesses sovereign powers in his own terri-
tories, but capital sentences require confirmation.
V.—M A L E R R O T L A.
THIS is an old Muhammadan State. The area is 165 square miles.
Population 46,200 souls. Revenue Rs. 2,80,000. Thee military force
consists of 120 cavalry, 350 infantry, five field guns, and eleven
artillerymen.
** The family originally came from Kabul. The ancestors of the
e present chief occupied positions of trust in the Sirhind
Early history. se
* Province under the Moghal Emperors, and gradually
became independent, as the Moghal Dynasty sank into decay.”
In 1805, the chief of Maler Kotla joined Lord Lake with his
followers and accepted British protection (1809). On the
i.e. Ali 5th March 1862, Nawab Sekander Ali Khan received a
sannad assuring him, “that any succession in his State
which may be, in conformity with the Muhammadan law, will be ac-
Ibrahim Ali cepted.” He died without issue on the 16th July 1871, and
Khan. was succeeded by Ibrahim Ali Khan, the present Chief.
His Highness Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Sahib Bahadur
has established seven schools in his State, of which two are held in the
town Kotla, and five in the State villages. A charitable dispensary
has also been established by him, and the medicines for its use are
bought annually from the Allahabad Government Medical Depôt. The
Nawab has not only given away a large sum for the construction of a
pakka road from his State to Ludiana, but also for pakka drains and
roads bordering the streets and markets of the town which are always
kept free from refuse and infection. He also takes great interest in the
welfare of his subjects and in the improvement of works of public
utility. The Civil and Criminal-Courts are held regularly, and the cases
decided according to the English law. The Nawab personally hears
the appeals against the decisions of his ahlkars (Magistrates) and others.
18 The Modern Iſistory of
Among the ahlkars, Muhammad Aminudin Khan possesses a good know-
ledge of law, and decides cases to the entire satisfaction of the subjects.
His Highness Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Sahib Bahadur
was present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st
January 1877, and was honored with an increase of salute
from 9 to 11 guns. The Nawab is now 22 years of age,
and his son Muhammad Ishak Ali Khan, is an infant of
Increase of
Salute.
four years.
Q W I.—F A R ID K. O T.
THIS State has two divisions, viz., Faridkot Proper and Kot-
kapura. It comprises an area of 600 square miles, and a population
of 68,000 souls with an estimated revenue of Rs. 8,00,000. The army
consists of 200 cavalry, .600 infantry and police, with three field
guns. *
The territory of Faridkot was founded by Bullen Singh who
belonged to the Burar Jat tribe, and acquired an unlimited
amount of influence during the reign of the Emperor
Akbar. His nephew erected the Fort of Kot-Kapura and became an
independent sovereign. In the beginning of the 19th century, the
district of Rot-Kapura was taken by Makam Chand, the Dewan at
Tahor. In 1846, it was confiscated by the British Government, and
restored to Bullen Singh, as a reward for the valuable assistance rendered
by him to the British troops at Mudki during the Satlej campaign
(1845–46). The chief was also raised to the rank of Raja. Raja
Bullen Singh was succeeded by Wuzir Singh. This prince
* assisted the English during the mutiny of 1857, and as a
#;"; r. reward for his services was exempted from furnishing ten
* mu Sowars which he used to supply before. Raja Wuzir Singh
also received “some honorary additions to his title,” and
Bullen Singh.
Wuzir Singh.
Was guaranteed the right of adoption.
In April 1874, the Raja died and was succeeded by his son Bikram
Singh. His Highness Raja Bikram Singh Bahadur was
BikramSing" present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the
Salute. 1st January 1877. His Highness is entitled to a Salute of
11 guns, and is at present about 37 years of age,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 19
W II. — M A M D A T.
MAMDAT was hot brought under British protection in 1809. Its
Jamal-ud-din chief, Jamal-ud-din Khan rendered good service to the
Khan. British Government towards the close of the Satlej Cam-
paign, and on which account he was raised to the rank of Nawab.
In 1856, Nawab Jamal-ud-din Khan managed the affairs of the
State so unfavourably, that the British Government was compelled
to forfeit his sovereign powers, to reduce the position of the State
to that of a mere jaghir, and to remove the Nawab to "Lahor. The
surplus revenues of the territory were all however allowed to him
after deduction of all expenses required for its management by the
British officers.
The Nawab died in 1863, and the British Government recognised
the succession of his brother Jelal-ud-din Khan. Nawab
ºddin Jelal-ud-din Khan died in 1875, and was succeeded by his
3.11.
Nizam-ud-din
FChan. ud-din Khan Sahib Bahadur is at present 16 years of age,
som Nizam-ud-din Khan. His Highness Nawab Nizam-
and the State is under the political supervision of the commissioner of
the Lahor Division.
V III.-M IN O R S T A T E S.
THERE are eighty Minor Cis-Satlej States and their chiefs possess no
sovereign powers other than that of ordinary jaghirdars with the
exception of two of them, viz., the Nawab of Kunjpura and the Mir
of Kotabar. These chiefs assisted the British Government during
the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
:*
Chapter IV. —The Delhi Territory.
I. —D U J A N A.
THE area of Dujana is 100-square miles. It has a population of
27,000 souls, and a revenue of Rupees 60,000. The military force
consists of 130 men including police.
20 The Modern IIistory of
Lord Lake conferred on Abdul Sammad Khan, an Afghan, the
Abdul Sam- territory of Dujana and some other estates in "perpetuity as
** a reward for his good services during the Mahratta war “on
condition of fidelity to the British Government and military service
when required.” * -
His Highness Nawab Muhammad Sadat Ali Khan Sahib Bahadur,
sadat Ali the present chief, is third in descent to Abdul Sammad
Khan. Khan. His Highness the Nawab was present at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. The Nawab has
received the right of adoption, and is now 39 years of age. His High-
ness is required to furnish a contingent of 200 horse if called upon
by Government.
II,_L O H A R U ,
THE area of Loharu is 285 square miles, and contains a population
of 22,000 souls. The estimated revenue is Rs. 66,000. The army
consists of 11 field-guns, 55 cavalry, and 180 infantry including police
and artillerymen.
Ahmed Baksh Khan, an Afghan, the founder of this family, was a
Ahmed Baksh Vakil of the Raja of Alwar from whom he reteived Loharu
IXllan. in perpetuity. The Parganna of Ferozpur was also con-
ferred on him by Lord Lake “on condition of fidelity and military
service.”
Ahmed Baksh Khan died in 1827, and was succeeded by his son
Shams-ud-din Shams-ud-din Khan. This chief was executed in 1835, for
IXban. the murder of Mr. Fraser, the Governor General's Agent
at Delhi, and the district of Ferozpur was also confiscated by Govern-
ment. The Parganna of Loharu was, however, only made over to his
Amin-ud-din brothers Amin-ud-din Khan and Zein-ud-din Khan. The
ºil, latter was afterwards deprived of all share in the manage-
[Chan. ment of the State on account of his constant disputes with
his brother Amin-ud-din Khan, but a sum of Rupees 18,000 per annum.
was allowed to him. During the mutiny of 1857, the conduct of these
two brothers was highly suspicious arid-they were placed under surveil-
lance after the capture of Delhi, but were soon released and reinstated
to their respective positions, -
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 21
Amin-ud-din Khan died in 1869, and was succeeded by his son Ala-
Ala-ud-din ud-din Ahmed Khan, the present chief. His Highness
Ahmed Khan. Nawab Ala-ud-din Ahmed Khan Sahib Bahadur received the
hereditary title of Nawab from the British Government. His Highness
the Nawab was present at the Imperial"Assemblage, held at Delhi on
the 1st January 1877, and His Excellency Lord Lytton hailed him as
“brother poet” for his having composed some verses suitable for that
grand occasion. The Nawab has received the right of adoption, and
is now 46 years of age. His Highness is required to furnish a contin-
gent of 200 horse if wanted by Government.
III. — P A T A U D.I.
THIS State consists of 41 villages adjoining the district of Gur-
gaon. It has an area of 50 square miles and contains a population
of about 21,000 souls. Revenue Rs. 81,000. The military force
consists of six guns, 11 artillerymen, 40 cavalry, and 100 infantry.
Faiztalb Khan received the Parganna of Pataudi from Lord
Faiztalb Lake in perpetual Jaghir as a reward for his services
Khan. in an action against Holkar.
His Highfmess Nawab Muhammad Mukhtar Husain Ali Khan Sahib
Bahadur, the present chief, is the third in descent to Faiz-
Nº talb Khan. His Highness the Nawab was present at the
º Ali Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877. The Nawab has received the right of adoption.
His Highness is at present 23 years of age, but the State is managed
by the Deputy Commissioner of Gurgaon. His Highness the Nawab
is required to furnish the British Government with a force of 400
horse, if wanted.
Chapter V.-Hill States.
(Alphabetically arranged.)
I. BAGHAL.-Area 124 square, miles. Population 22,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 60,000. The military forée consists of 20 cavalry, 200 infantry, and
one field gun. His Highness Raja Kishen Singh, a Puar Rajput, aged 62 years,
is the present Chief. He received the title of Raja in 1873.
22 - The Modern History of
II. BAGHAT.-Area. 124 square miles. Population 10,000 Souls. Re-
venue Rs. 8,000. The military force consists of 35 men. His Highness Rana
Dhalip Singh, a Rajput, aged 20 years, is the present Chief.
III. BASHAHER.—Area 3,320 Square miles. Population 90,000 souls.
Revenue Rs. 50,000. His Highness"Raja Shamshier Singh, the present Chief, is a
Tajput. He is now 37 years of age. -
IV. BHAJJI.—Area 96 square miles. Population 19,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 23,000. The military force consists of 50 men. His Highness Rana Bahadur
Singh, a Rajput, aged 55 years, is the present Chief.
Q
W. BIJAH.—Area four square miles. Population 800 souls. Revenue
Rs. 1,000. Tribute Rs. 180. The military force consists of 20 men. His High-
ness Udai Chand, a Rajput, aged 51 years, is the present Thakur.
VI. BULSAIN.—Area 51 square miles. Population 6,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 7,000. Tribute Rs. 1,180. The military force consists of 50 men. His
Highness Rana Bhup Singh, a Rajput, aged 58 years, is the present Chief.
VII. DHAMI.s—Area 263 square miles. Population 5,500 souls. Revenue
Rs. 8,000. The military force consists of 100 men. His Highness Rana Fatteh
Singh, a Rajput, aged 26 years, is the present Chief.
VIII. DHARKUTI.—Area five square miles. Population 700 souls. Revenue
Rs. 600. Rana Ram Singh, a Rajput, aged 64 years, is the present Chief.
IX. HINDOR OR NALAGHAR.—Area 256 square miles. Population 70,000
souls. Revenue Rs. 90,000. Tribute Rs. 5,000. The army consists of two field
and two other guns, and 12 artillerymen, 500 infantry and 125 cavalry. His
Highness Raja Mean Uggur Singh, the present Chief, is a Rajput. He is now 75
years old.
X. JUBAL.-Area 288 square miles. Population 40,000 souls. Revenue
Ts. 30,000, The military force consists of 550 men including police. His High-
neSS Rana Karm Chand, a Rajput, aged 44 years, is the present Chief.
XI, KAHLUR (Bilaspur).-Area 448 square miles, Population 60,000 Souls.
Revenue Rs. 1,00,000. The army consists of 14 field and six other guns and 20
artilllerymen and 880 infantry.
His Highness Raja Hira Chand, the present chief, is also a Rajput. He
alſº º, assisted the British troops during the mutiny of 1857, and received
glish during the a dress of honor worth Rs. 5,000. His Highness the Raja was present
mutiny. at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st.January 1877.
He is now 44 years of age and has judicial inferior powers. The
Salute, Taja is entitled to a Salute of 11 guns,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 23
XII. KEUNTAL-Area 116 square miles. |Population 50,000 souls. Reve-
nue Rs. 60,000. The army consists of two field guns, eight artillerymen ; and 100
infantry and police. His Highness Raja Mahender Sain, the present Chief, belongs
to the Rajput family. He is now 52 years of age. There are some other petty
States subordinate to Keuntal, viz, Ghund, Khairi, Koti, Madhan, Ratesh, and
Theog.
(a) GHUND.—Area three square miles. Population 1,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 1,000. Thakur Kishen Singh, aged 24 years, is the present Chief,
He pays an annual tribute of Rs. 250 to the Chief of Keuntal.
(b) KHAIRI-Thakur of Khairi pays an annual tribute Qi Rs. 250 to the
Chief of Keuntal.
(e) Koti.-Area 36 square miles. Population 2,500 souls. Revenue Rs. 6,000.
Rana Bishen Chand, aged 44 years, is the present Chief. He is a
Rajput, and was raised to the rank of Rana for his services during the
mutiny. He pays an annual tribute of Rs. 500 to the Raja of
Reuntal. º
(d) MADHAN.—Area 13 Square miles. Population 1,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 1,600. Thakur Bishen Chand, a Rajput, aged 38 years, is the
present Chief.
(e) RATESH.-Area three square miles. Population 437 souls. Revenue
RSe200. Thakur Ram Singh, a Rajput, aged 59 years, is the present
Chief.
(f) THEOG.-Area 10 square miles. Population 3,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 3,300. Thakur Hari Chand, a Rajput, aged 44 years, is the
present Chief. He pays an annual tribute of Rs. 500 to the Raja of
Keuntal.
XIII. KOTHAR.—Area 20 square miles. Population 4,000 souls. Tevenue
Rs. 5,000. His Highness Rana Jai Chand, a Rajput, aged 34 years, is the present
Chief.
XIV. KUMHARSAIN.—Area 90 square miles. Population 10,000 Souls. Re-
venue Rs. 10,000. His Highness Rana Hira. Singh, a Rajput, aged 29 years, is the
present Chief.
XV. KUNHIAR.—Area eight Square miles. Population 2,500 souls. Revenue
Rs. 4,000. Tribute Rs. 180. His Highness Tegh Singh, a Rajput, aged 45 years,
is the present Thakur.
XVI. MALLOG.-Area 48 square miles. Population 9,000 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 10,000. Tribute Rs. 1,440. The military force consists of 75 men. His
Highness Dhulip Chand, a Rajput, aged 50 years, is the present Thakur,
24 The Modern Iſistory of
XVII. MANGAL.--Area 13 Square miles. Population 800 souls. Revenue
Rs. 700. The military force consists of 25 men. Rana Jit Singh, aged 50 years,
is the present Chief.
XVIII. SANGRI,-Area 16 square miles. Population 700 souls. Revenue
Rs. 1,000. Rana Jhaggar Singh, a respectable old man, aged 95 years, is the present
Chief, but the State is now managed by his eldest son, Hira Singh.
XIX. SIRMUR OR NAHAN.—Area 1,096 square miles. Population 90,000
Souls. Revenue Rs. 2,85,054. The army consists of 100 cavalry, 530 infantry,
10 ſield gulls, and 20 artillery ineu.
His Highness Raja Shamsher Prakash a Rajput, is the present Chief. He
assisted the British troops during the mutiny, and received a
Shamsher Pra-
kash assists the Khilat of Rs. 5,000. On the lst January 1876, the Raja was
flºws invested at Calcutta by his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
in person with the insignia of a Knight Commander of the
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. His Highness Raja Sir Sham-
sher Prakash Bahadur, K. C.S.I. was present at the Imperial Assemblage,
held on the 1st January 1877. The Raja is now 34 years old
Salute. and •has judicial inferior powers. His Highness is entitled to a
Salute of 11 guns.
xx. TIRow.—Area 67 square miles. Population 6,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 10,000. The military force consists of 80 men. His Highness Thakur Kedar
Singh, a Rajput, is the present Chief. ©
º
Chapter VI.-Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.
I.—N E PA. L.
NFPAL the largest of all the independent States in India, is
bounded on the north by the Himalaya mountain ; on the West by
Rumaon; on the east by Sikkim; and on the South by the Terai. It
has an area of 54,000 square miles, and contains a population of
2,000,000 souls. The revenue is about Rupees 1,00,00,000. The army
consists of 117 cavalry, 13,932 foot soldiers, 420 guns, and 2,282
artillerymen. -
The territory of Nepal was formerly in the possession of several
surendra Bi-independent Rajas, but is at present governed by one
kram Sah, Sovereign His Majesty Maharaja Dhiraj Surendra Bikram
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 25
Sah Bahadur, the head of the Gurkha tribe. . Formerly the British
Government had gommercial relations with Nepal, but since 1767 there
have been several campaigns against the Gurkhas and the treaties and
negociations which were made from time to time, proved to a certain
Jang Baha- extent disadvantageous to the British interests until the
* rise of Jang. Bahadur to the office of prime minister
nister. of Nepal in 1846.
Jang Bahadur visited England in 1850, and since that time the
British Government have had more intimate relations with Nepal and
have become much more friendly. On the 23rd February 1855, a
treaty was made with His Majesty Maharaja Dhiraj Su-
rendra Bikram Sah Bahadur for the surrender of heinous
offenders, &c. In 1856, Jang Bahadur was created a Maharaja by His
Majesty the Maharaja Dhiraj of Nepal. During the Sepoy Mutiny of
* 1857, Maharaja Jang Bahadur rendered valuable assistance to
††, º the British Government, “in the re-occupation of Goruck-
# * * pur, the re-capture of Lucknow and the subsequent capture
of the rebels who infested the Terai.” In recognition of
Treaty.
these services, Maharaja Jang Bahadur was created a Knight Grand
Cross of the Bath and the British Government made over to His
Majesty the Maharaja of Nepal, the tract of territory on the Oudh
|Erontier which had been ceded to the British Government in 1816.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited Nepal in March
mºst 1876, and a Grand Darbar was held, at which Maharaja Sir
Wales visits Jang Bahadur presented the Prince with a Karita (address)
Nepal. from His Majesty the Maharaja of Nepal which expressed his
“ satisfaction at the Royal visit and conveyed assura hees of his attach-
ment.” The prince killed about 28 tigers as also some bears, leopards,
&c., during his stay in Nepal. The prince thanked Maharaja Sir Jang
Bahadur for the hospitality shewn to him and handed him a lette, in
reply to the Karita sent through him by His Majesty the Maharaja
himself. Maharaja Sir Jang Bahadur said to the Prince at the time of
His Royal Highness's departure from Nepal that, “from now and for
ever all we have, are yours, our men, our money, our lives.” Maha-
raja Sir Jang Bahadur, g, c, B. and G. c. s. 1, was entitled to a
4
26 The Modern History of
personal Salute of 19 gifns at the Delhi Darbar. He suddenly died
Ramodhar at Pathorghatta in Terai on Sunday, the 25th February
Singh, the 1877, and his brother Sir Ranodhar Singh Bahadur, K.C.S.I.
present prime. e te §
minister. is appointed in his place. 8
An ambassador from His Majesty Maharaja Dhiraj Surendra Bikram
Sah Bahadur was present as spectator at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. His Majesty the Maharaja
is now 46 years of age, and is entitled to a salute of 21
gºns.
Salute,
II. — S I R K IMI.
THE mountainous tract of Sikkim known as “Dinjong” is bounded
on the north by Thibet, on the east by Bhutan, on the west by Nepal,
and on the South by the Rammam and Ranjit Rivers. The area is
1,550 square miles, and the population not exceeding 7,000 souls.
Revenue Rs. 7,900.
In 1814–15, the British Government assisted the Raja of Sikkim
The English by expelling the Gurkhas out of his dominions and making
assists the over to him the country lying between the Mechi and the
Raja. Tista which had been ceded to the Honorable East India
Company by the Maharaja of Nepal. On the 1st February 1835, the .
Raja of Sikkim presented the Hill Territory of Darjiling to the British
Government at the request of the Governor General and received as
compensation from Government an annual allowance of Rs. 3,000 in
1841, and a further sum of Rs. 3,000 in 1846, making a total of
Rs. 6,000 per annum. - *
During the course of ten years, the population of Darjiling rose
Jealousy of from 100 souls to 10,000, which gave birth to constant jea-
the Dewan, lousy on the part of the Dewan to the Raja, who managed to
send private emissaries to alarm the new British subjects and to kid-
map some of them for the purpose of being sold as slaves. In 1849,
Dr. Hooker, and Dr. Campbell the Superintendent of Darjiling, went
to Sikkim with the permission of Government, but they were suddenly
seized and taken prisoners with a view to force the latter officer
to give up all claims “for the surrender of criminals; to make
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 27
him while in durance; agree to the dictation of the Dewan re-
garding the giving up of escaped slaves; and to detain him until
these enforced conditions should be sanctioned by Government.” The
matter was soon brought to the notice of the Governor General
who informed the Raja that none of his wishes will be confirmed by
Government, and that his “head should answer for it if a hair of the
head of Dr. Campbell or Dr. Hooker were hurt.” The Raja being
much frightened at this intelligence, released the two prisoners on the
24th December 1849, without doing any injury to them, bºt the British
His Government not being satisfied with his character sent an
*ismissal avenging force to Sikkim in February 1850, and the result
of which was the dismissal of the Dewan from his office; the stoppage
of the annual allowance of Rs. 6,000 to the Raja and the annexation
of the Sikkim Terai as well as the portion of the Sikkim Hills between
the Rammam River, the great Ranjit and the Tista, and the Nepal
Frontier. After the termination of this expedition there was every
sign of peace and tranquility with the Raja for upwards of nine years,
but the dismissed Dewan instigated his wife an illegitimate daughter of
the Raja to adopt means for continuing the practice of kidnapping the
British subjects from the Hill Territory of Darjiling and its neighbour-
ing places. During the months of April and May 1860, two cases of
kidnapping were again reported to Government, and as all endeavours
to restore the British subjects were made in vain, the Governor General
in Council determined to dispossess the Raja of the territory situated
on the north of the Rammam River, and on the west of the great Ran-
jit, and to retain it till the restitution of the British subjects and the
surrender of the criminals, &c. -
On the 1st November 1860, the superintendent of Darjiling first
crossed the Rammam River, but he was forced to retreat from Rinching-
pung. Lieutenant Colonel Gawler was, therefore, sent with a strong
body of troops accompanied by the Honorable Ashley Eden as Envoy
and Special Commissioner, and they advanced up to the Tista, but
His Highness Maharaja Sekeong Kuzu acceeded to all
the terms proposed by Lord Canning, the Governor Gene-
ral, and a new treaty was accordingly concluded on the
Sekeong
Kuzu.
2S The Modern History of
28th March 1861. In 1862, the British Government restored to the
Maharaja the allowance of Rs. 6,000 ceased in 1850, and which was
enhanced in 1868 to Rs. 9,000, and in 1873 to Rs. 12,000 on the
‘understanding that it was granted without any reference to the
increased value of Darjiling and purely as a mark of consideration for
the Maharaja.” In 1874, His Highness Maharaja Sekeong
§º. Kuzu died, and was succeeded by his half-brother
Thotab Namguay.
FHis Highness Maharaja Thotab Namguay Bahadur, being unable
to hold a Darbar in his own capital on account of the assump-
tion of the title “ Empress of India” by Her Most Gracious Majesty
the Queen, sent all his chief officers to attend the reading of the Pro-
clamation at Darjiling on the 1st January 1877. His Highness the
Salute Maharaja has judicial powers of life and death, and is enti-
tled to a salute of 15 guns. He is now 19 years of age.
I I I.—B H U T. A. N.
THE independent State of Bhutan is bounded on the north by the
main chain of the Himalayas, on the east by tracts of country occu-
pied by Some Savage mountainous tribes, on the west by Sikkim and
Tarjiling, and on the south by Assam, Goalpara, and IKuch Behar.
The area is about 2,000 square miles, and the population does not
exceed 60,000 souls.
The country is nominally governed by a “temporal and spiri-
tual head, called the Dharm Raja, supposed by the Bhu-
º tanis to be a divinity in human shape, but the affairs of
Rajiv. the State, are really conducted by a functionary styled the
Deb Raja, who is elected by the penlows (chiefs) every three years
from among themselves.”
The British Government had its first campaign with Bhutan in the
year 1772 to assist the Raja of Kuch Behar. The British troops
drove the Bhutiahs out of Kuch Behar, and pursued them so furiously
into the Hills that they were compelled to ask for protection from
Thibet, and the Thibetian Government addressed the Government of
India in their favor, and in consequence a treaty of peace was con-
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 29
cluded on the 25th April 1774. Since that time, there have been no
other campaigns with the Bhutiahs until the occupation of Assam,
which connected the British and Bhutan frontiers. The British
Government took possession of the Doars or Passes which lie at the
foot of the Bhutia Hills, but certain engagements were also made
with the Deb Raja of Bhutan to put a stop to all future aggressions
on British Territory. w
gantom His Majesty Gantem Namlege is the present Raja of Bhu-
Namlege. tan. His Majesty the Raja is entitled to a salute of 15
Salute. guns. O
SECTION II.—R A J P U T AN A. •
Chapter I.-Mewar or Udaipur.
THIS State is situated to the south-east of Jodhpur. It covers an
area of 11,614 square miles, and contains a population of 1,161,400
souls. The Revenue is Rs. 64,00,000, of which a sum of Rs. 2,00,000
is paid annually to the British Government as tribute, and Rs. 50,000
for the support of the Bhil corps. The military force consists of 263
guns, 1,338 artillerymen, 6,240 cavalry, and 13,900 infantry.
Mewar is the most ancient of the Rajput States. Its princes
stand foremost in rank and dignity among the Hindu Chiefs of Raj-
putana, and it is their glory that while most of the ancient Rajput
States have dwindled into nothing or only exist in name, they still
rule over nearly the same extent of territory which their ancestors
possessed eight hundred years ago, when the Mahmud of Ghizni first
crossed the waters of the Indas. It is also their boast that they never
sullied their honor by matrimonial alliances with the Muhammadans,
and renounced all affinity with those families who had disgraced them-
selves by such conditions. The princes of Mewar are called Ranas.
30 The Modern History of
The origin of this ancient State is involved in obscurity. Accord-
& e ing to the most popular tradition, the family is descended
Origin of the e
Stafe from from Rama, the celebrated hero of Ramayan, one of whose
Rama. descendants, Kanak Sen, is said to have founded a princi-
pality at Ballabipur in the peninsula of Gujrat, about the middle of the
second century of the Christian era. In 524 A. D. the Ballabi princes
were driven out of their capital by an army of invaders from beyond
the Indas. They then emigrated from Gujrat and established them-
selves at Idar. Nine princes ruled over Idar, the last of whom was
treacherously” murdered by the Bhils, leaving a son, a boy of three years,
who was destined afterwards to play a conspicuous part in the annals
of his country.
This prince known in history as the renowned Bappa, defeated
the Bhils, recovered his paternal dominion from their
* hands, and founded the city of Chitor (A. D. 728) where
- he fixed his seat of Government. From him are lineally
descended the present family of Udaipur princes.
The early history of Mewar is one of continued struggles with
foreign invaders for its self-defence. “From the time of its foundation
it had to maintain its existence by force of arms.” "Among these
invaders, the most powerful were the Muhammadans,
tºº. Their first invasions were predatory incursions, and could .
make little or no impression on the State; but when they
became firmly established in India, they carried on the contest syste-
matically ; it then became a contest for dominion. At first the
Ranas held out bravely, but centuries of repeated attacks rendered
them weak, and they gradually succumbed under the superior force of
their adversaries, as will be seen further on. Now to return.
Twenty-three kings succeeded Bappa on the throne of Chitor in
Samaſsi. the space of five centuries. After them came Samarsi, a
prince brave in War, Wise in council, and revered and
beloved by all his subjects. He joined his brother-in-law, Pirthi Raj,
in repelling an attack of the Tartars. who had advanced upon Delhi,
and was killed in the battle which ensued (1209). O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 31
Rana Lakhansi the eleventh prince after . Samarsi, ascended the
Lakhansi, throne in 1275. During his reign Chitor was attacked
by Alla-ud-din, Emperor of Delhi. The Rana and his
Chitor cap- * died in its defence and Chitor fell in the hands of
tured by Al- the Muhammadans (1303). It was, however, recovered
la-ud-din. by Hamir I., nephew of the late king (1313) who also
º: I, defeated and took prisoner the successor of Alla-ud-din,
whom he released on payment of a heavy ransom. In the
course of a long reign Hamir re-established his dominion over the
whole of Mewar, and revived the ancient glories of Rajputana. The
country is said to have prospered greatly under his mild and paternal
rule. He died in the flower of his age in 1365, and was succeeded by
his son Khaitsi Rana, “a worthy successor of the great
Khaitsi
Rana father,” who extended his dominions by conquest and even
routed an army of the Emperor Humayun at Bakral.
|Unfortunately he was killed in a quarrel with his vassal of Bunaoda
in 1373. d
Ełis son Lakha Rana succeeded to the throne, and like his father
Takha Rana, and grand-father, Lakha was an able warrior. He defeated
Mºhammad Shah Lodi king of Delhi in a pitched battle,
MakaijiKama." was slain while pursuing the routed Muhammadans.
His son Makalji Rana was murdered after a short reign
(1419) and was succeeded by Kumbho Rana, one of the
ablest princes who has ever sat upon the throne of Chitor,
In 1440, Kumbho repelled an attack of the combined forces of the
kings of Malwar and Gujrat, and subsequently defeated an army of the
FCumbho
Rana.
king of Delhi. After a prosperous reign of fifty years, he was unfor-
tunately slain by his own son (1469).
The reigns of the next two princes Uda and Raomal, occupied 40
tida and years. In 1509, Sanga Rana succeeded to the throne. This
Raomal. prince combined in himself all the brave and noble qualifies
Sanga Rana, of his race, and under him Mewar attained the summit of
glory and prosperity. He stormed the fort of Rhintambor,
defeated Mozaffer Shah of Gujrat who had marched against
Chitor, and even obtained a victory over Emperor Baber at Kanua,
His exploits.
32 The Modern History of
near Sikri (1527). But his good fortune did not continue long ; he
was defeated by Baber in the following year in a severe contest which
decided the fate of Chitor. Sanga Rana died full of grief and vexation
(1529 A.D.).
Sanga Rana was the greatest prince of his race. In bravery,
courage, and wisdom he surpassed all his predecessors, and with
him the sun of Chitor's glory set never to rise again. His
sons were all weak princes, and under them the power of Chitor
rapidly declined. In 1568, the city was attacked by Akbar, the
greatest of the Moghal Emperors of Delhi. Udai Singh, the reigning
Udai Singh. monarch, fled to the forests of Rajpipli on the approach of
the enemy, leaving the defence of the city to Jai Mal, chief
of Bednor, a person of great courage and ability, who, with a handful
of men, defended the fortress against the immense host of the Moghals,
but unfortunately he was slain by a bolt from the bow of Akbar. De-
Fall of Chi- prised of its leader,Chitor fell an easy prey to the invaders,
tor. who plundered the city, burnt down the houses, and rased
the walls and fortifications to the ground. The fall of Chitor was
“ the severest blow which had fallen for ages upon the royal house
of Mewar.” O
Notwithstanding the fall of the capital, the royal family “re-
tained the germ of independence in their wild fastnesses,” and were
only seeking an opportunity for retrieving their disgrace.
Rana Pratap Singh, son of Udai Singh, possessed many of
the noble qualities of his grandfather Sanga. Unlike his father he
was “an active and high spirited prince, and his perseverance was re-
Recovers warded with success.” Before the death of Akbar he re-
*::::: * covered all Mewar with the exception of Chitor and a few
Udaipur, other places, and founded a new capital, which he named
Udaipur after his unfortunate father. Pratap Rana died in 1597,
leaving the throne to his eldest son Amra. During this
prince's reign Udaipur was subjected to frequent invasions
of the Moghals, and Amra harrassed and weakened by their attacks at
last sued for peace with the Emperor Jehanghir. He met with an
honorable and generous reception from the Emperor Jehanghir and
Pratap Rana
Amra Rama.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 33
all the country conquered since the time of Akbar was restored to him,
and his son Karran, raised to high military rank in the Moghal army.
Rana Karran Singh succeeded his father in 1616. He enjoyed a
prosperous reign of twelve years. Karran Singh and his son Jagat
Ranna Kar. Singh I. continued at peace with the Moghal Emperors,
º º but his grand son Raj Singh who succeeded to the throne in
aga º & *
sing, I., and 1654 was roused to rebellion by the arbitrary proceedings
* Sº of Aurangzib. That monarch had imposed a poll-tax
(Jezzia) on all unbelievers in the Muhammadan religion, and the whole
population of Rajputana, resenting this odious impost, rose in arms
(1676). Aurangzib marched in person against Udaipur with a large
army, and the war continued with varied success till it was brought to a
Jai Singh. termination by Rana Jai Singh, son and successor of Raj
Singh, who finding himself unable to cope with so power-
ful an adversary, made his submission. A treaty was concluded by
which the Emperor renounced his right of imposing the Jezzia.
Jai Singh died in A. D. 1700. His son Rana Amra II. , formed an
Amra II alliance with the Rajas of Jaipur and Jodhpur, for mutual
forms a " plptection against the Muhammadans. These princes were
tripartite
... also restored the privilege of marrying in the Udaipur
family on condition, that the sons of the Udaipur princesses
should be heirs to the throne in preference to children by other wives.
This stipulation was productive of family quarrels among the Rajput
princes, which finally led to the conquest of the country by the Mah-
1'attas.
Amrah II. was succeeded by his son Sangram Singh (1716). During
a vigorous reign of 18 years this. prince made the name of
* Mewar respected, and regained the greater part of the
territories lost by his predecessors in wars with the
Moghals. He died in 1734. With him the last sparks of Udaipur's
greatness died out. His successor Jagat Singh II., “ was
#. II, too fond of pleasure to govern.” He had a quarrel with
the Raja of Jaipur, to punish whom he called in the aid of
º Mahrat the Mahrattas, and as a reward for their services he made
O
over to them the district of Rampura. Not content with
5
34 The Modern History of
this acquisition, they began to work upon the fears of the imbecile
Rana, and finally brought him to pay Rs. 1,60,000 annually as Chouth.
Thus the Mahrattas obtained a firm footing in Udaipur.
Jagat Singh II. was succeeded in 1752 by Rana Pratap Singh II.
Pratap This prince was followed in 1755 by Raj Singh II., who
Singh II. after a troublesome reign of seven years, during which
Raj Singh II. Udaipur suffered greatly from repeated invasions of
Arsi Singh, the Mahrattas, left the throne to Rana Arsi Singh. The
overbearing temper of this haughty ruler as well as his insolent beha-
viour alienated the sympathies of his nobles, and they rose in open
revolt. Sindhia, Holkar, and even the Raja of Jodhpur, taking advan-
tage of this opportunity invaded Udaipur, and seized upon six important
districts, besides carrying off an immense booty. Arsi was assassinated
in 1772. His son, Rana Hamir II., was not more fortunate
** than his father. In six years of his reign, he lost as many
districts, of which Rattangarh, Kheri, and Singauli were seized by
Sindhia; and Jath, Bichor, and Naddomeh by Holkar. -
Hamir II. was succeeded by his brother Rana Bhim. Singh (1778).
w During his reign Udaipur was exposed to frequent inroads
* * of the Mahrattas, and the Rana unable to oppose force by
force was obliged to buy off their attacks by heavy contributions.
This state of things was rendered worse when under the non-
interference policy of Lord Cornwallis the British withdrew their
Miserable influence from Rajputana (1806). Udaipur was now laid
state of the waste by the armies of Sindhia, Holkar, Amir Khan, and
* the Pindaris. Cities were destroyed, fields devastated, and
whole districts put to fire by these fierce invaders; the royal exchequer
was drained and the people impoverished to meet their heavy exac-
tions. The Rana was reduced to extreme distress; his authority was
set at naught, and he himself exposed to the insults of his nobles and
feudatories. In fact, the degeneration of Udaipur was complete.
In this miserable state the country was found when in 1817, “a
remedy was at once applied.” The British Government
Interference o e tº
of the En- agreed to protect the Rana,and to use theirebest exertions
glish, for the restoration of the territories he had lost. The
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 35
Tana on his part engaged to acknowledge British Supremacy, to
abstain from politipal correspondence, submit disputes to the arbitra-
tion of the English, and to pay one-fourth of the revenues of his State
as tribute for five years and thereafter three-eighths in perpetuity.*
At the same time it was agreed to appoint a British Agent who should
reside at the court and see the fulfilment of these conditions. The
first officer nominated was Colonel Tod. As the country
Colonel Tod's was utterly disorganised, he took the management of
IſleåSull'éS.
affairs in his own hands, and in the course of three years,
he effected a decided improvement in the State. The Mahrattas and
other hordes of plunderers were expelled, the state of the country
greatly improved and the revenue nearly doubled. But, when in 1826,
he transferred the administration of Government to the native author-
ities, the country relapsed into its former helpless state. The Rana
was involved in debt, “ the revenues were anticipated,” the British
tribute fell in arrears, and extravagance and oppression became as great
as they had been before.
Bhim. Singh died in 1828, and was succeeded by Jowan Singh, a
feeble character, given to debauchery and vice. During
** his reign the State was overwhelmed with debt and the
tribute fell heavily into arrears. He died in 1838, bequeathing to his
Sirdar singh, successor Rana Sirdar Singh an inheritance of debt, amount-
and Sarup ing to Rs. 19,67,500. Sirdar Singh was succeeded by his
Singh. brother Sarup Singh (1842), who was engaged in conti-
nual contests with his feudatory chiefs on whose rights and privileges
he attempted to encroach. The consequence was that the financial
embarrassments of the State increased, and the British Government on
repeated applications from the Rana, reduced the amount of tribute to
two Lakhs of Rupees annually (1846). -
Sarup Singh died in 1861, and was succeeded by his nephew
Sambhu Sambhu Singh, a boy about 17 years old. During his
Singh. & © e - - -
o minority the administration of the State was first con-
e
©
* Aitchison's Treaties,
*
36 The Modern History of
ducted by a Regency Council aided by the Political Agent ; but owing
to the misconduct of the members of the Regency Cauncil, the manage-
ment of the State was transferred to the Political Agent, assisted by
two members.
On attaining majority Maharana Sambhu Singh assumed the
direct management of the State (1865). He was an able
ºl. ruler. He settled the long-standing disputes with the
tion. feudatory chiefs, made friendly alliances with them, and
by his mild asid benevolent administration acquired the love and res-
pect of his subjects generally. The country prospered greatly under
him, and gave promise of further improvement. The British Govern-
ment invested him with the insignia of the Most Exalted Order of the
Star of India, and conferred on him the right of adoption. He died in
1874, at the early age of 27, to the universal regret of his people.
His nephew Sajjan Singh has been installed as Maharana.
Sajjan Singh. As this prince is a minor, the administration of the country
is entrusted to a Council of Regency, composed of the two able minis-
ters Mehta Gokul Chand and Uij un Singh Sahiwalla, and four members,
nobles and sirdars, the Political Agent acting as president. The first
care of these officers was to provide for the education of the young
Maharana. Dewan Jani Behari Lal, than whom a better man could
not be found, was appointed preceptor to His Highness. He is con-
stant in his endeavours for the moral and intellectual culture of the
prince, and under his tuition the prince is making satisfactory progress
in English, Urdu, and Hindustani.
The excellent arrangements which the members of the Regency
have made for the administration of the State, deserve commendation.
Crimes of all kinds, especially dacoity, have greatly decreased. The
police is in good working order, and is at present managed by Munshi
Shamin Ali Khan. The administration of civil justice by Moulvi
Abdul Rahman is efficient and gives general Satisfaction. The school at
Udaipur also thrives under the careful supervision of the Head Master,
Mr. G. Baird and Moulvi Abdul Rahman Khan, the Persian teacher.
His Highness Maharana Sajjan Singh Bahadur was present at
Bombay to meet His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales on the 8th
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 37
November 1875, and was received by the Priñce on the following day
}. º at the , grand reception of the native princes. The Prince
Wales at paid him a return visit and after a short conversation shook
*Y. hands with him. His Highness the Maharana was also
present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877, and received an increase of salute from 19 to 21 guns.
º * The Maharana has judicial powers of life and death, and
is now about 21 years of age.
Both Mehta Panna Lal, junior minister Mewar Sjate, and Rai
Rothari Chakkan Ilal, head of the Revenue Department and in
charge of the State Treasury Mewar, received the title of “Rai” at the
IDelhi Darbar. -.
*-* *mºnºmammºn --
Chapter II.-Ambar or J aipur.
THIs beautiful State is bounded on the north by Bikanir, Hissar,
and Pattiala; on the east by Alwar and Bharatpur ; on the south by
Rarauli, Gwaliar, Bundi, Tonk, Mewar, and Ajmir ; and on the west
by Kishengarh, Marwar, and Bikanir. It covers an area of 15,250
square miles, and contains a population of about 1,995,000 souls. The
gross revenue is Rs. 47,50,000, and the tribute is Rs. 4,00,000. The
army consists of 768 artillerymen, 10,500 infantry, 3,530 cavalry,
4,096 magas, and 78 guns. g
The princes of Jaipur belong to the Kutchwa family, so called
from the ancestor Kush, second son of Ram, ancient king of Ayodhya.
IRaja Nal, a descendant of Kush, is said to have settled himself at Nar-
war in the Central Provinces, towards the latter end of the third
century of the Christian era, Dhola Rai, the thirty-
º. fourth in descent from Nal, emigrated to Rajputana about
the middle of the tenth century. The whole country to
the east of Ajmir was at that time occupied by petty Rajput and
Mina chiefs; several of these he defeated in battle, took possession of
their territories, and laid the 'föundation of the Sovereign State now
O
known as Ambar or Jaipur. *
38 The Modern History of
Dhola Rai was sticceeded by his son Kankal, who among
Kankal. other places, conquered from the Susayat Minas the city
of Ambar (A. D. 1037); where he transferred the seat of Govern-
ment. With a view to conciliate this powerful tribe and prevent
them from rising into rebellion, Kankal assigned to them twelve
villages in the neighbourhood of Ambar, entrusted to them the Chauki-
dari of the city and employed them in guarding the royal treasury.
Hannuji, and His successors Hannuji and Janurdeoji, were engaged
Janurdeoji. . g & &
urdeo] in continual contests with the Minas, and eventually suc-
. of ceeded in bringing into subjection that wild and aboriginal
the Minas, people. Pajun was the next king. He was allied to
Pajun. Pirthi Raj of Delhi, whose sister he had married, and was
sent by that prince to arrest the progress of Muhammad of Ghor.
Pajun inflicted a terrible defeat on the Muhammadan at the Khyber
Pass, and pursued him as far as Ghizni. He also assisted Pirthi Paj
in the conquest of Mahaba, and in carrying off the daughter of the
king of Ajmir. In the 1atter attempt however he lost his life.
The thirteenth king in succession from Pajun was Pirthi Raj. He
had seventeen sons, and to twelve of these, who had attain-
ed manhood, he assigned twelve estates out of his territories
and granted the right of succession to them and their descendants.
Pirthi Raj was succeeded by Bahar Mal, the first prince of
the dynasty who submitted to the Muhammadans. It is
Forms alli said , that Bahar Mal gave his daughter in marriage to Prince
ance with
the Moghals. Akbar, son of the Emperor Humayun, and received from
Pirthi Raj.
|Bahar Mal.
that monarch a high military rank among the chiefs of the Empire.
Intermarriage with the Muhammadans was always looked upon
with abhorrence by the princes of Rajputana. They would rather lose
wealth, kingdom, even their lives than give a daughter in marriage to
an Islamite. Hence this connection of the Jaipur family with the
Moghals, exposed the former to the insult and ridicule of the Rajput
Chiefs, and the Ranas of Udaipur, “the suns of Hindu glory,” broke
off all intercourse with them. The princes of Jaipur, however continu-
ed faithful allies to the Moghals, and were for more than a century the
firmest supporters of the Moghal throne: O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 39
IBahar Mal was succeeded by Bhagawant Das. This prince
followed the example of his father and married his
Hºwan daughter to prince Selim, afterwards the celebrated
Jehangir. He was also the most distinguished courtier
in the palace of Akbar, and was invested by the Emperor with
the government of the Panjab. Man Singh, the nephew
* * and successor of Bhagawant Das, was the greatest
warrior of the age. He held the highest rank among the military
chiefs of the impire, and as commander of the insperial army
did good service in the Panjab and Kabul, he reduced Orissa to sub-
mission, and made Assam tributary to the Moghals; and as governor
of Bengal, settled the affairs of that distracted province.
Man Singh died in 1615, and was succeeded by his son
Jagat Singh Jo Jagat Singh I., (Tod says Rao Bhao Singh). Jagat
- sº aha Singh T. was followed by Maha Singh, who after a short
Jai Singh I. reign left the throne to Jai Singh I., commonly called the
Mirza Raja. -
Jai Singh T. was contemporary with the Emperor Aurangzib, and
received from. that monarch high marks of honor for his important
Defeated services. He was sent against Sivaji, the great Mahratta
Sivaji. Chief, whom he defeated and brought to Delhi as a prisoner.
He also conquered for the Emperor several places in the Dekhan. But,
“as he was too powerful for a subject,” Aurangzib determined to destroy
him. The wily monarch had recourse to Kirat Singh, youngest son of
the Raja, and fanning his ambition by promises of the throne prevailed
on him to administer poison to his father. Jai Singh I. died of the effects
of the poison, but the parricide did not attain the object of his ambition.
“The feeling of the country was too strong” to admit him to the
Ram Singh T. throne. His eldest brother Ram Singh I. who was elected
and , Bishen Raja, was shortly followed by Bishen Singh, and he
jºa. II. in his turn by Jai Singh II., better known as Sewai Jai
Singh.
The reign of this prince was one of the most brilliant epochs in
the history of Ambar. He was a wise and humane ruler, and the forty-
e © e
four years of his rule, were “years of prosperity” for the country. He
40 The Modern History of
had a great taste for architecture and engineering, and built the
His import- “marble city” of Jaipur, decorated it with †oble edifices
** and made it his capital. He also constructed at his
own expense several caravansaries throughout his dominions for the
convenience of travellers. He was moreover distinguished for his
“intellectual capacity and for his liberal patronage of science and
arts,” and was “a highly-skilled mathematician and a painstaking and
accurate observer.” The observatories which he erected at Jaipur,
Delhi, Mathura, and Benares, and the instruments which he invented
for astronomical observations, are sufficient proofs of an advanced
knowledge in that science.
During the early part of his reign Maharaja Jai Singh II. had joined
with the kings of Udaipur, and Jodhpur, in a tripartite
ºp” alliance for mutual protection against the Muhammadans.
alliance. &
He had during that time regained for himself and his
descendants, the right of marrying in the Udaipur family on the under-
standing, that the sons of the Udaipur princesses should be heirs to the
throne in preference to children by other wives. The evil effects of
this condition were manifest soon after his death.
Maharaja Jai Singh II, died in 1743, and was succeeded by his
h, eldest son Isvari Singh. But he had another son, the
fruit of his marriage with the sister of Rana Jagat Singh
II., of Udaipur. This prince now laid his claims to the throne and
Isvari Sing
was supported in his pretensions by his uncle, the Rana. With the
aid of the Mahrattas, Iswari Singh was deposed and Madhu raised to
the throne.
Like his father Madhu Singh was a greatlover of learning and learn-
Madhu Singh. ed men. His reign of 17 years would have proved a peaceful
and prosperous one, but for the incessant hostilities of
the Jäts who were then rising into importance. He died in 1760.
Pirthi His successor Pirthi Singh II., was a minor. The guar-
Singh II, dianship of the young prince was entrusted to his step-
mother, a designing and ambitious woman. She coveted the throne
for her son Pratap. Pirthi died after a short reign of nine years, not
without strong suspicions of having "been poisoned. His son Man
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 49
sons under the care of his faithful follower Durga Das. Soon after his
death they set out for India. On their arrival at Delhi, Aurangzib
refused admittance into the city, surrounded their encampment
with troops, and detained them as close prisoners. They were how-
ever extricated from this unpleasant situation by the ingenious con-
trivances of the faithful Durga Das, and safely conveyed to Jodhpur.
Aft Singh. Ajit Singh, the elder of the two princes was raised to the
throne. - f
Aurangzib heard with great disappointment the flight of the
prisoners, and sent an army under prince Azim to invade Jodhpur.
The royal family were driven from the capital, the
º country laid waste, and women and children carried off
in captivity to Delhi. After the death of Aurangzib in
Recovers 1707, prince Ajit Singh recovered his capital, and soon
Jodhpur. brought it to its former state of prosperity. He was a
vigorous and an intellectual prince, who evinced a great hatred to
the very name of Moslem, and became a party to the triple alliance with
Udaipur and Jaipur, “to resist Muhammadan aggression and to under-
take no matrimonial engagements with princes of that religion.”
He had two cruel Sons, Abhi Singh and Bakht Singh ; the latter of
whom murdered him at the instigation of the former, who was bribed
by the Court of Delhi with the offer of the viceroyalty of Gujrat to
commit this horrible crime. Abhi Singh succeeded his
Abhi Singh. father Maharaja Ajit Singh in 1731. He had constant
disputes with his fellow-assassin and brother Bakht Singh whom he
repaid by the gift of the viceroyalty of Gujrat. In 1750, Maharaja
Abhi Singh died leaving the throne to his son Ram
Singh.
This prince was driven from the throne by his uncle the parricide
Bakht Singh, who usurped it for himself, but reigned only
for three years during which period he completed the for-
tifications of Jodhpur, enhanced the resources of the State, and animated
his countrymen in opposing foreign aggression. Maharaja Bakht
Ram Singh.
Bakht Singh.
Singh, with the exception of one great crime, was a bold and noble
o & . C. . . g g
prince. He was highly proficient in the literature of Rajwarra and
7
50 The Modern History of
took great interest in the advancement of learning. He was poisoned
by the aunt of the expelled Ram Singh, and was succeeded by his son
Bijai Singh. Bijai Singh. Soon after the succession of Maharaja
Bijai Singh to the throne, his cousin Ram Singh attacked
Jodhpur with a large army assisted by the Mahrattas. In the contest
which ensued, Bijai Singh was defeated, and was obliged to take shelter
in a neighbouring place. The Mahrattas availing themselves of this
opportunity took possession of the land by expelling Ram Singh who
died at Jaipu in 1773. Meanwhile, Bijai Singh, with the aid of Protap
Singh, king of Jaipur, expelled the Mahrattas from the country, and
defeated them at Tonga in 1787, notwithstanding they were assisted
by the Chevalier de Boigne. By this victory Bijai Singh recovered
Ajmir, but it was retaken by De Boigne in two battles, subsequently
fought against him at Patºn and Mairta in 1791, and he had to pay an
indemnity of Rupees 60,00,000 in consequence of the Rajputs having
been completery vanquished. He had six surviving sons, viz., Zalim
Singh, Sawant Singh, Shir Singh, Bhim. Singh, Goman Singh, and Sirdar
Singh, of whom the eldest Zalim was the rightful heir, but Bijai Singh
with a view to please his concubine had adopted his grandson Man Singh,
Bhim singh. ” of his third son Shir Singh. In 1793, Bijai Singh died,
° and his fourth son Bhim Singh usurped the throne by defeat-
ing Zalim Singh, and murdering the rest of his brothers and their sons by
poison and sword except the adopted son of the concubine, his own nephew
Man Singh, who alone was saved by taking refuge in Jhalur. Bhim
Singh pursued him to Jhalur, but being disappointed in not being able
to take the place by assault, he blockaded it for some length of time,
during which he suddenly died (Nov. 1803), leaving the throne to
Man Singh, the beseiged prince. At this period, the
Man Singh. e e & e e
English had gained a victory over Sindhia, and were pur-
suing “Holkar in his headlong flight,” and with a view to effect a
permanent settlement in Rajputana, the English offered
their alliance to Maharaja Man Singh and a treaty was
concluded (1803). This treaty was however cancelled in May 1804,
by the British Government, as Man Sin gh became unfriendly and gave aid
to Holkar. Maharaja Man Singh was afterwards engaged in a disastrous
Treaty.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 51
War with war with Jaipur “for the hand of the daughter of the Rana
Jaipur. of Udaipur,” in which, “he was alternately opposed and
supported by the atlventurer Amir Khan, whose freebooters devastated
the lands of Jaipur, of Mewar and Marwar, committing atrocities not to
be counted.” At this time Dhokhal Singh, a posthumous son of the
widow of Bhim. Singh, appeared on the field as a claimant to the throne,
Supported by a large body of nobles. This occurrence increased the
troubles and anxieties of Man Singh, who at last feigned insanity and
Jodhpur abdigated the throne in favor of his son Chattar Singh ;
sº during whose reign Jodhpur was taken under British
tection. protection (January 1818), and thus saved from the
depredations of Amir Khan.
Shortly after the conclusion of this treaty, Chattar Singh died
from the effects of his libidinous habits, which, however, cured the
feigned insanity of his father Man Singh, who reassumed the adminis-
tration of Government. Man Singh being thus secured against exter-
mal enemies murdered and imprisoned several of the nobles who were
unfavorable towards him during his assumed imbecility, and confiscated
their properties to the value of Rs. 1,00,00,000. Some of the nobles
also fled from 3odhpur and inhabited the neighbouring States of Kota,
Mewar, Bikanir, and Jaipur, but the British Government induced the
Maharaja to reinstate them in their possessions (1824). In 1827, the
recusant nobles recalled Dhokal Singh, and made preparations to invade
Jodhpur from the territory of Jaipur. At this crisis, the British
Government compelled Dhokal Singh to retire from the confederacy,
and remonstrated with the Maharaja of Jaipur for his interference in
the matter. In 1839, Colonel Sutherland was deputed to Jodhpur
by the British Government to restore peace in the country, and the
Maharaja executed an engagement by which he bound himself to
preserve the rights of the nobles, &c.
Man Singh died in 1843, without leaving any natural or adopted
son. At this opportunity Dhoka! Singh, the posthumous son of
Bhim. Singh once more revived his claims, but to no purpose. The
widows, the nobles, and the chief State officers selected Takht Singh,
the great-grandson, of Ajit Singh and chief of Ahmed-
Takht Singh, g * g
te § naggar as their ruler. The choice being at the same time
52 The Modern History of
confirmed by the British Government. The reign of this prince was
not a prosperous one. Under his rule, the affairs of Marwar fell into
a state of disorder, and there were such constant disputes with the
nobles, that the British Government was compelled to interfere and
settle the matter.
Assists Maharaja Takht Singh, rendered good service during the
º mutinies, but was disgraced by Lord Mayo at the Ajmir
Mutinies. Darbar of 1870 for disputing rank with the Maharaja of
Jeswant Udaipur. He died in 1873, and was succeeded by his
Singh II, eson Jeswant Singh II., the present Maharaja.
His Highness Maharaja Jeswant Singh Bahadur, rules vigorously
and exerts his best endeavours in trying to reform the police, and the
finances of the State. His Highness the Maharaja met His Royal
Meets the Highness the Prince of Wales at Calcutta, on the 23rd
Erince of December 1875. His Highness was invited to the Grand
Wales, Chapter of the Star of India, held on the 1st J anuary 1876,
on which occasion he was invested with the insignia of a Knight
Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India ;
by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales in person. The Maharaja
was also present at the Imperial Assemblage, held aſ Delhi, on the
1st January 1877, on account of the assumption of the title “ Empress
Increase of * India” by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, and
Salute. has received an increase of salute from 17 to 19 guns.
His Highness Raj Rajessar, Maharaj Dhiraj Sir Jeswant Singh
Bahadur, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the
Star of India, has Judicial powers of life and death, and is now about
42 years of age.
Mehta Bijai Singh Rai Bahadur is the present Dewan or prime
minister of His Highness the Maharaja. He received the title of
“ Rai Bahadur'' at the Delhi Darbar on the 1st January 1877.
Pandit Sheo Narain is His Highness’s Private Secretary.
Bundi.
THIS State is situated to the south Qf Jaipur. On its west lies the
territory of Mewar, and on its south and east the present State of
Chapter IV.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c." 53
Kota. The area of Bundi is 2,300 square miles and its population
224,000 souls. It yields a revenue of about eight lakhs of Rupees
annually. Tribute Rupees 1,20,000. The army amounts to 1,375
infantry, 700 horse, and 88 guns.
The princes of Bundi belong to the Hara tribe of the Rajputs ;
hence the State is commonly known as Harawati or the country
Deva Singh, of the Haras. Rao Deva. Singh,” the founder of the
the founder, family was originally a powerful vassal of the Mewar
State, where his ancestors had taken refuge from the cruelty and
oppression of the Muhammadans. He afterwards conquered for himself
the aboriginal tribes who occupied the country to the east of Mewar,
and established the principality of Bundi.
For nearly two centuries from the time of its foundation, the sove-
reigns of Bundi had kept up a close alliance with the Ranas of
Mewar, acknowledging the suzerainty of the latter and assisting them
With troops in war. The two houses were also united by matrimonial
ties. The history of Bundi, during this period, presents very little of
interest till the time of Rao Surjan Singh in the sixteenth century.
In 1555, Rao Surjan Singh succeeded to the throne, and trans-
ferred his allegiance to Akbar and made over to him the famous
fortress of Rinthanbor. The Emperor in return granted
to the Rao 52 districts lying in close vicinity to Bundi, and
Surjan Singh.
invested him with the imperial title of Rao Raja. At a later period,
the Rao obtained as a reward for his valuable services to the Emperor,
the cities of Benares and Chunar. He died at Benares after a long and
~ : - prosperous reign (1586). His son and successor Rao Bhoj -
Bhoj Singh. Singh rose high in the favor of Akbar. He followed the
Emperor in his expedition to Gujrat, and rendered important services
on that occasion. Bhoj Singh died in 1608 leaving the throne to his eldest
son Rao Ratan Singh, a wise and generous ruler who was universally
admired for his noble qualities. The reign of this prince marks an
important epoch in the annals of Bundi. He had been one of
- ingh. •
Rātan Singh the most zealous adherents of Jehangir when that monarch
* Rao Devaswas lineally descended from Anhul or Agnipala, the first Chohan,
* O
54 The Modern History of
was threatened by the rebellion of his son Shah Jehan. He had also
evinced great courage and military skill in the battle of Burhanpur,
which resulted in the total defeat of Shah Jehan and "the dispersion of
his followers. As a reward, the Rao was appointed to the Government
of Burhanpur. At the same time the Emperor conferred on Madhu
Singh, second son of the Rao, all the southern portion of
#.” Harawati with Kota for its capital “to be held by him
and his heirs direct of the Crown.” This act of the
Emperor divided Harawati into two parts under separate rulers.
Rao Ratºn Singh was succeeded on the throne by his grandson
Chattar Sal (1632). This prince passed the greater part of his reign
in the service of the Emperor. For a long time he held
Chattar Sal. the important post of Governor of Delhi, to which he was
nominated by the Emperor Shah Jehan. Subsequently he accompanied
prince Aurangzib in his expedition to the Dekhan, and greatly distin-
guished himself during the campaign. Chattar Sal was contempo-
rary with Raja Jeswant Singh of Jodhpur and in the struggles for
the empire which followed the illness of Shah Jehan, he joined the
Raja in defending the cause of Dara Shiko and died valiantly fighting
for that prince (1658). His eldest son was slain in the contest. The
- second son Rao Bhao Singh suffered much persecution
Bhao Singh. º º
at the hands of Aurangzib, who ordered Bundi to be
annexed to the empire. Rao Bhao was afterwards pardoned and res-
tored to his paternal dominions. He proved himself a faithful vassal,
and as imperial governor of the city of Aurangabad, discharged his
duties to the satisfaction of his master.
Rao Bhao died childless, 1862, and was succeeded by Rao Anirud
Singh, the grandson of his younger brother Bhim Singh. This prince
e º won the esteem of Aurangzib by his courage and gallan-
Anirud Singh. Q-> wº º
try. He served under the Emperor in his Dekhan cam-
paign, and rendered signal services in the seige of Bijapur. Rao Anirud
Singh died in the Panjab while engaged in settling the affairs of that
province. -
His son Rao Budh Singh followed him on the throne (1696).
Eleven years after the accession of this prince, Emperor Aurangzib
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 55
died (1707). In the contest for the empire which followed, Rao Budh
Budh Singh. Shgh espoused the cause of Bahadur Shah, and assisted
him materially in obtaining the crown. Throughout the
long reigns of Bahadur Shah and his successors, Jehander Shah,
Ferokshir, and Muhammad Shah ; the Rao continued in imperial service
and was raised to high posts in the empire. On the death of Muham-
mad Shah he set out for his native country. Here a reverse was
awaiting him. Raja Jai Singh II. of Jaipur taking advantage
P º f Ja i- º º e
* of the protracted absence of Budh had obtained possession of
Bundi by
force Bundi by force, and conferred it on one Dulil Singh with the
title of Rao Raja. So that, when Rao Budh Singh returned to
Bundi, he found his throne usurped, and strangers in possession of the
country. Unable to cope with the Superior power of his adversary, he
retired to Beygu, where he died after several vain attempts to regain his
e dominion. His son Rao Umed Singh wandered in exile for
Umed Singh. - tº º & - - - -
fourteen years. During this period he did not remain idle.
Thé loss of his paternal territory weighed heavily on him and its
recovery was the principal object he had in view. In the course of his
wanderings he collected a large body of followers and with their aid
together with the assistance rendered by Durjan Sal, Raja of Kota,
he commenced hostile operations against Jaipur. The hostilities were
continued for a long time, till at last both parties wearied out by an
unprofitable war, came to a mutual understanding. Bundi was restored
Recovers to Rao Umed Singh on condition of his paying a large
Bundi. sum of money as tribute (1749).
Rao Umed Singh thus became established in his father’s territories,
but his rule did not prove a prosperous one. He began his reign under
very adverse circumstances. The country had not yet recovered from
the effects of the late struggle with Jaipur. Confusion and anarchy
prevailed throughout “to make confusion worse confounded,” the
Mahrattas now commenced their inroads upon Bundi and impoverished
the State by numerous and heavy exactions. Harassed by these evils
and worn out with cares of State. Umed Singh abdicated the throne in
favor of his spn (1771), and left Bundi in the costume of a pilgrià.
He was, however, recalled from his Wanderings by the death of his son,
56 The Modern History of
and on returning to Bundi re-assumed the Government of the State
(1798). In the latter part of his reign an event happened which was
to connect Bundi with the British Government. The British forces
under Colonel Monson were retreating before Holkar, and in the course
of their flight they reached Bundi.' Umed Singh disregarding the
Assists vengeance of Holkar, rendered them every possible assist-
the English d granted th fe Sage thr h his domi
against ance and granted them a sate passage Unrough his doml-
IHolkar. nions,
Rao Umed Singh was succeeded by his grandson Rao Bishen Singh
T}ishen (1804). This prince followed the example of his father
Singh. and “heartily co-operated with the English” for the sup-
C9.9pºrates pression of the Pindaris. For his important services on
with the & * tº 8 º' e
English in this occasion, the British Government determined to form
the Pindari
War. a friendly alliance with the Rao, and take him under its
protection. Accordingly a treaty was concluded in 1818,
Treaty by which British protection was extended to Bundi, and
all the districts which had been seized by Holkar, and Sindhia, were
restored. The Rao on his part acknowledged the supremacy of the
English and engaged to furnish troops according to his means when
required, and to pay to the British Government “the share of tribute
he had hitherto paid to Sindhia.” The tribute payable to Holkar was
remitted by Government. -
Bishen Singh died after a reign of 17 years (1821), leaving the
e throne to his son Ram Singh, the present Maha Rao.
Ram Singh. g e e tº
This prince was only eleven years old at the time of his
accession. Turing his minority, the administration was conducted
by the minister l'ishen Ram, a person possessing all the noble
qualities essential in a good ruler. In the course of six years and a half,
during which time he held the reins of Government, he restored pros-
perity to the country, raised the revenue (which had fallen to a very low
figure) to five lakhs of Rupees annually, and paid the entire debt of
the State. Unfortunately, Kishen Ram was murdered by a party of
Jodhpur nobles who had come on a deputation to Bundi. The young
Maha Rao was greatly incensed at this taring act of the Jodhpur men,
and determined to avenge the death of his minister. He seized upon
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 65
\ºm. His son and successor Vizir Muhammad Khan rendered
important services to the British Government during the
†he Mutinies of 1856-57. He was guaranteed the right of suc-
during the cession according to the Muhammadan law. Vizir Muham-
Mutiny. mad Khan died after a reign of thirty years and was
succeeded by his son Muhammad Ali Khan. Shortly after his accession,
Muhammad this prince was involved in dispute with one of his Hindu
* Khan' vassals the Thakur of Lawa. Muhammad Ali Khan attacked
the Thakur in his own domains, but was repulsed with serious loss of
life. Matters, however, were amicably settled by the intervention Of
English officials, but the Nawab nursed in secret treacherous designs
against his vassal. He was bent upon his destruction, and was seeking
an opportunity to carry out his projects. With the connivance of his
minister he sent a friendly message to the Thakur inviting him to Tonk.
The unsuspecting young lord accordingly repaired thither accompanied
by his uncle Rewat Singh and a few followers, and was received with every
seeming mark of hospitality. But the treachery of the Nawab soon
showed itself. Rewat Singh was publicly murdered, and the Thakur was
besieged in the palace in which he had taken up his abode and a body of
troops sent to invade Lawa. This outrage excited the horror of all
classes ; nor did it go unpunished. The British Government took the
part of the outraged Thakur, the Nawab was deposed, the
salute allowed to him was reduced from 17 to 11 guns, and
he was at last sent to reside at Benares with an allowance of Rs. 60,000
a year. The minister Hakim Surwar Shah, his companion in crime, was
carried in captivity to the fort of Chunar (1868).
Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan, the son of the ex-Nawab was raised
Ibrahim Ali to the throne. As this prince Was only twenty years of age
FChan. at the time of his accession, and as the State was much
involved in debt, the administration was placed in the hands of a Regency
Council with Ibadulla Khan the Nawab's grand uncle, an able and experi-
enced man as president. ‘Shahibzada Ubaidullah Khan was appointed a
minister. On attaining his majority His Highness the Nawab assumed
the direct management of the State in 1870, and Ubaidullah Khan
falling under suspicion was removed from office (1874). The Nawab at
Teposed.
o 9
66 The Modern History of
first desired to carry on the Government without any responsible minis-
ter, but in February appointed Ibadulla Khan whq had served with
great credit and ability as president of the Regency Council. The Nawab
takes an active and personal part in the administration, and deserves
great credit for the reduction which he has effected in expenditure, and
the liquidation of a large portion of the debt of the State. -
In 1875, His Highness Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Sahib
Meets the Bahadur met His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at
§: º: Agra, and was present at the European Féte, held there
Agra. in honor of the Prince. His Highness was also present at
the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, and
received as a mark of personal distinction an increase of
Increase of - - gº § ©
Salute. salute from 11 to 17 guns. His Highness Amin-ud-Daula,
Wazir-ul-Mulk, Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan
Bahadur, has judicial powers of life and death, and is at present 28 years
of age.
Chapter VIII.-Karauli.
THIS State is situated to the east of Jaipur. It has the principa-
lity of Bharatpur on the north, Dholpur on the east, and the river
Chamba on the south. Its area is 1,870 square miles, and its popula-
tion 124,000 souls. The revenue from all sources is Rs. 5,00,000.
The army of the State consists of 400 cavalry, 3,200 infantry, 40
guns, and 40 artillerymen.
The history of this principality presents very little of importance
previous to its connection with the British Government. Like all
other Rajput States it had succumbed to the Moghals at an early date.
Mahratta Supremacy succeeded that of the Moghals. In the beginning
Harbaksh of the 19th century we find Raja Harbaksh Pal acknow-
Pal. ledging the suzerainty of the Peishwa, and paying him an
annual tribute of 25,000 Rupees. By the treaty of Puna, the Peishwa
ceded his rights to all lands he held north of the Narbadda to the
His comes. English ; Karauli consequently came into their hands. A
tion with , treaty was concluded with Raja Harbaksh by which he
the English. acknowledged the supremacy of the British Government, and
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 67
agreed to furnish troops according to his means when required. On the
other hand he was gauranteed in his possessions, and the tribute pay-
able by him to the Mahrattas was remitted, but the Raja wished for
more. He desired the possession of some districts wrested from him
by Sindhia, and requested the British Government that they should be
restored to him. This was refused. The Raja highly resented the
refusal, and shewed his ill feeling by joining an insurrection against the
Chief of Bharatpur, who had been taken under British protection. He,
however, subsequently made humble professions of submission, and was
pardoned. * O
IHarbaksh Pal died without issue in 1838, and was succeeded by
Pratap Pal a near relation. During the reign of this
prince, Karauli presented a scene of disorder and tumult.
The exchequer was quite empty, and the Raja attempted to replanish it
by heavy exactions from his subjects. The violence and oppression
with which these exactions were carried on served to make the people
his enemies, and they rose in a body against him. Four times was a
British officer deputed to Karauli to settle this state of affairs, but with
very little success. In the midst of these disturbances Pratap died in
1848. As he left no children, Narsingh Pal, a minor rela-
tive was adopted by the family as his successor. The British
Government at first withheld its recognition of the adoption. The
State was in debt to the Government to the amount of 1,54,312 Rupees
which was payable by instalments, but up to this time not a single
instalment had been paid. The British Government therefore insisted
in the payment of the first instalment before they would recognise the
adoption. After much difficulty the sum was procured, and as the
troubles in Karauli had increased, Government “deemed it expedient
to recognise the succession of Narsingh Pal, warning him that payment
of the debt would be exacted. At the same time an agent was deputed
to Karauli with instructions to exercise the direct management of affairs”
during the minority of the Chief.
Narsingh Pal died in 1852. Before his death he had adopted Bharat
Pal, a distant kinsman as his stićcessor. The adoption was recognised
by the Home Government. But as it was afterwards found on enquiry,
Pratap Pal.
Narsingh Pal.
68 The Modern History of
that the adoption of Bharat Pal was informal owing to the minority of
the late Chief, and the omission of certain necessary ceremonies and as
Madan Pal a nearer relation was accepted by the Rānis, by nine of the
most influential Thakurs, by three-fourths of the lesser feudal Chiefs of
the State, and by the general feeling of the country, the recognition of
the former was cancelled, and Madan Pal was recognised as
successor to the State (1854). The direct interference of
the Political Agent was withdrawn, and the agency abolished in 1855.”
Madan Pal.
Assists the During the Sepoy Mutiny Maharaja Madam Pal assisted the
* British Government to the best of his power. As a reward
Mutiny. Government remitted his debt, conferred on him a dress of
honor, and raised his salute for life only from 15 to 17 guns. But though
the amount due to the British Government was remitted, the pecuniary
embarrassment of the Maharaja did not cease. In 1859, an Agent was sent
to Karauli to assist the Maharaja in the adjustment of his debts, with
instructions to advise as a friend and not to act as an “authoritative
controller of affairs.” He was withdrawn in 1861. Maharaja Madan
Pal was also created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India. He died in 1869, and his nephew Rao
Latchman Pal of Hadouti was selected as his successor, but he died
before his installation and Jai Singh Pal “a descendant of IKarath Pal
second son of Maharaja Dharm Pal, the common ancestor of the family,”
raisingh was chosen by the influential Thakurs, and confirmed by the
Pal. British Government. In May 1874, Maharaja Jai Singh
Pal visited Agra, and in March following was present at Delhi to take
part with other Rajput Chiefs in paying and receiving friendly visits
from the Governor General. He returned to IXarauli pleased with
his reception, and much impressed with the many new sights and
experiences. He died in December 1875, and was succeeded by Arjun
Pal, Rao of Hadouti. His Highness Maharaja Arjun Pal
was present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on
the 1st January 1877, on account of the assumption of the title,
“Empress of India” by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. His
Arjun Pal.
O
* Aitchison's Treaties,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 69
Highness has judicial powers of life and death and is entitled to a
Salute. salute 9f 17 guns.
Chapter IX.-Kishengarh.
THIS principality lies between the territories of Ajmir and Jaipur.
It covers an area of 724 square miles, and contains a population of .
105,000 souls. The gross revenue is estimated at Rs. 13,00,000, of
which about two lakhs of Rupees are expended yearly for charitable
purposes. The army of the State consists of 550 cavalry, 3,500 infantry,
36 guns, and 100 artillerymen. --
The “family of Kishengarh is an offshoot from Jodhpur.” The
Kishen State derives its name from the founder Kishen Singh, ninth
jºine son of Raja Udai Singh of Marwar. Kishen Singh had a
quarrel for superiority with his eldest brother Sur Singh,
the heir to the throne and left his native country accompanied by a few
followers. He repaired to the mountainous country, east of Ajmir,
where he laid the foundation of an independent principality known as
Rishengarh A: T). 1613.
The early history of Kishengarh is very obscure. It presents little
Bahadur worthy of record previous to the reign of Raja Bahadur
Singh. Singh who occupied the throne towards the latter part of
the eighteenth century. It was through his treachery, that the Mahrattas
obtained complete victory over the combined forces of Jai pur and Jodhpur
at the fatal battle of Mairta, and that the whole of Rajputana came
under their arms. Raja Bahadur Singh was succeeded by his son Kalian -
Kalian singh. Singh. This chief entered into a treaty with the English by
which he was taken under the protection of the British Gov-
Treaty. ernment on condition of his acknowledging the superiority
of the latter, and agreeing to act in subordinate co-operation with it.
Shortly after the conclusion of this treaty, Kalian-Singh became involved
Dispute with in a dispute with his nobles which cost him his throne.
the nobles. This quarrel arose from an attempt on the part of the chief
to commute tºp a money payment, the personal Services due to him by his
feudatorics. This the nobles réfused, and one among their number, the
70 The Modern History of
Thakur of Fattehgarh declared himself independent. The Raja assem-
bled his men to crush the Thakur, but suddenly left Kishengarh and
repaired to Delhi where he “busied himself in buyin ghonorary privileges
from the Emperor.” He was, however, soon recalled to his country where
the state of affairs had become seriously alarming. On his return he levied
an army and summoning his vassals, marched against the rebellious chiefs;
but one by one his troops deserted him and he fled to Ajmir whence he
appealed to the British Government for aid. But the Government,
refused to interfere. Meanwhile the revolted chiefs had not been inactive.
They proclaimed Pirthi Singh, infant son of Kalian Singh, as Raja, and
laid siege to the town of Kishengarh. They were at the point of cap-
turing the city when matters were settled by the intervention of the
Bolitical Agent. The Raja returned to Kishengarh. But he had rendered
Moºnam the country too hot for him by his previous conduct; he
Singh. therefore abdicated the throne in favor of his son Mokham
Singh, and retired from Kishengarh. Raja Mokham Singh died in 1839,
and was succeeded by his adopted son Pirthi Singh who was raised to
the throne in 1840. The reign of this prince has been a
peaceful one, nothing having occurred to disturb the tran-
quility of the State. The relation of His Highness Maharaja Pirthi
Singh with the British Government continues to be cordial, and he main-
tains a friendly intercourse with his feudatories. His Highness the
Maharaja is favorable to education, which has made some progress during
his reign. Besides a Hindi and Urdu School at the capital, three Verna-
cular Schools have been recently established which are all maintained by
the State, but as yet no English School has been opened. There is no
regular Dispensary in the State, but Muhammadan Hakims and Bhai-
dyas are employed to treat patients. The administration of justice in
Rishengarh deserves notice. There are five Civil Courts, one in each of
the chief cities in the Pargannas of Surwar and Rupnaghar, and two
Lower Courts, and one Appellate Court at the capital. Besides these,
there are four other courts for the trial of criminal cases.
His Highness Maharaja Dhiraj Maharaja Prithi Singh Sahib Baha-
dur was present at the Darbar, held by His Royal Highness the Prince
of Wales at Agra. The Maharaja made some presents to the Prince,
Prithi Singh.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 71
who in return gave him a gun carrying 16 bullets at a time, a sword, a
golden medal, a ring and a watch with golden chain.
His Highness the Maharaja was also present at the Imperial Assem-
blage, held at Delhi on the 1st, January 1877, where he was met with a
friendly reception from His Excellency Lord Lytton, the Viceroy and
Increase of Governor General, and received an increase of salute from
salute. 15 to 17 guns. The Maharaja, aged 44 years, has judicial
powers of life and death. His Highness’ eldest son, the heir apparent,
Maharaja Kumaſ Sadul Singh Sahib Bahadur is now about 22 years
old.
Mahia Sobhag Singh is the present Dewan of His Highness the
Maharaja.
Chapter X-Dholpur.
THE territory of Dholpur lies to the east of Karauli. It has an
area of 1,600 square miles, and a population of 500,000 souls. The
revenue is estimated at Rs, 11,00,000. The army of the State consists
of 2,700 men, 600 cavalry, 3,650 infantry, 32 field guns and 100
gunners. O SS.
The Chiefs of Dholpur belong to the Jät tribe, and their ancestors
were originally landholders of Gohad, a village near Gwaliar. Being
Rise of the of an industrious, and warlike disposition, they rose into
family. importance under the Pieshwa Baji Rao, and assumed
the title of Lords of Gohad under the suzerainty of the Mahrattas.
After the overthrow of the Mahrattas at Panipat, they seized upon
Gwaliar, and assumed independence with the title of Rana
º (1761). In 1799, Lakindar Singh Maharana of Gohad,
entered into a treaty with the British Government by
Treaty. which the Government agreed to “furnish the Maharana with
a force for the defence of his dominions or for their enlargement by con-
quest from the Mahrattas, to share with him their joint conquests,
except the territories constituting his jaghir and then in possession of
the Mahrattas and to embrace the Maharana in any peace concluded
with the Mahyattas.” Accordingly, when in 187 1, the English Govern-
ment concluded a treaty with Sindhia, it was stipulated that the latter
72 The Modern History of
should not interfere with the Maharana's dominions as long as he con-
tinued faithful to the English. But the Maharana spon broke his faith,
Sindhia and the treaty- concluded with him in 1799 was cancelled.
takes poss. Sindhia taking advantage of this opportunity, invaded
º Gwaliar and Gohad, took the places by storm and made the
and Gohad. Maharana his prisoner. But Gohad did not long remain in
the possession of the conqueror. Ambaji Inglia whom Sindhia
had entrusted with its Government revolted against his master in 1803,
and entered into an alliance with the English. By this treaty he relin-
quished his claims on Gohad, Gwaliar, and certain other places, and was
confirmed in his remaining possessions free of tribute. The fortress of
Gwaliar was retained by the British Government while Gohad with its
dependencies was made over to Kirat Singh, son and successor of
The English Maharana Lakindar Singh (1804). Subsequently, however,
abandon in consequence of a settlement with Sindhia, the English
Gwaliar and e we
Gohad to abandoned Gwaliar and Gohad to him. But to compensate
..º. Maharana Kirat Singh for his loss, they assigned to himrthe
pur, &c. to Pargannas of Dholpur, Barah, and Rajkirah. Kirat Singh
Rirat Singh. accepted the exchange, and thus became the Maharapa of
Dholpur. Maharana Kirat Singh died in 1836, and was succeeded by his
son Bhagwant Singh. During the Sepoy Mutiny, Maharana
Bhagwant e - I -
Singh. Bhagwant Singh rendered valuable service to the British
Assists Government by conveying to places of safety fugitives from
the English º º tº e e e
...' Gwaliar. But his minister Deo Hans incurred the displea-
Mutiny. sure of Government by plundering villages in the Agra
District. For this, and for his subsequent attempts to dethrone the
Maharana, Deo Hans was removed to Benares and there placed under
strict surveillance. Bhagwant Singh who had been invested with the
- insignia of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India died
** in 1873, and was succeeded by his son Nehal Singh, the
present Maharana.
His Highness Maharaj Dhiraj, Sri Sewae, Maharana Nehal Singh,
Meets the Lokendar Bahadur, was present at the European Féte held
£ince of at Agra in honor of His ‘Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales at * Q
A. & Wales (1876), and at the Delhi Darbar held on the
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 73
1st January 1877. His Highness the Maharaná is a good-looking prince,
aged 16 years;* speaks English well, and is fond of all kinds of out-door
sports. The Maharana has judicial powers of life and death,
and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns.
Salute.
Chapter XI.-Bharatpur.
THIS State is situated on the north-east of Jaipur. I. has an area
of 1,974 Square miles, and a population of 743,710 souls. The revenue
stands at 28,75,000 Rupees. The army is composed of 8,500 infantry,
3,000 cavalry, 250 artillerymen, and 38 guns.
The family of Bharatpur belong to the Jät tribe. They had emi-
grated from Multan, and settled themselves as cultivators in the Doab
about the middle of the 17th century. They soon exchanged their
plough for the sword, and made themselves masters of a few villages in
the District of Dig. During the troubles which prevailed in Hindustan
on the decline of the Moghal Empire, they extended their conquests, and
brought the whole of the neighbouring country under subjection.
The first prince of note was Suraj Mal, a brave warrior who inheri-
ted all the spirit and energy of his ancestors. He fought
several battles, and took many places of which the most
Conquers, important was the fortress of Bharatpur, which gives its
º: name to the principality. He was slain in 1763 while lead-
ing his army against the imperial city of Delhi.
Suraj Mal was succeeded by his eldest son Jawahir Singh who was
Jawahir shortly followed by his brother Ratan Singh, and he, in his
§ * turn by his son Kehri Singh. As this prince was only an
Kehri Singh, infant at the time of his accession, his uncles Newal Singh
and Namal Singh were appointed regents in succession. During the
regency of Namal Singh, an event happened, which caused a great revolu-
tion in the State. Ranjit Singh, the youngest son of Suraj Mal, revolted
Rebellion of against the authority of his brother, and invoked the assist-
Ranjit Singh, ance of Mirza Najaf Khan, the commander of the Moghal
Suraj Mal.
10
74 The Modern History of
Army. Ready at the call, Najaf Khan marched his troops against the
Najaf Khan jäts, defeated them, and dispossessed thqm of all their terri-
made over tories except the fortress of Bharatpur, which he made over
tºº to Ranjit Singh. Subsequently, he restored to the latter;
gºi! lands yielding nine lakhs of Rupees. On the death of Najaf
* Khan, whiêh happened in 1782, Bharatpur with all its
possessions fell into the hands of Sindhia, who, at the intercession
of the mother of Ranjit, ceded to him eleven districts yielding ten lakhs
of Rupees. •To these were afterwards added three districts yielding
four lakhs of Rupees as a reward for services rendered to General
Perron. Ranjit Singh was in the meantime acknowledged as Raja of
& ſº Bharatpur by the death of his nearer relations. In 1803,
Panjit con- e g tº tº a tº
cludes treaty he entered into a treaty of alliance with the British Govern-
#. ment, and as a proof of his sincerity assisted Lord Lake
with troops in the campaign against Sindhia. For the service,
he was rewarded by a grant of the districts of Kishengarh, Kathawar,
Rewari, Gokul, and Saher. But his fidelity did not continue ſong.
When the English declared war against Holkar, Ranjit Singh not
only refused to furnish them with troops, but secretly assisted Holkar,
Breaks with and at the end of the campaign, gave him a refuge at his
º capital. This conduct of the Raja was resented by Govern-
PHolkar. ment, and an army was despatched to invade Bharatpur.
Ranjit defended the fortress with great vigour, and repulsed four succes-
sive assaults. But though he was victorious, his resources were nearly
exhausted, and he thought it best to make friends with the English.
He, therefore, made advances for peace, and a fresh treaty
was accordingly concluded, by which the Raja agreed to pay
an indemnity of twenty lakhs of Rupees, seven of which were after-
wards remitted, and was confirmed in the possession of the territories,
which he held previous to the accession of the British Government.
Raja Ranjit Singh died in 1805 A. D. The reigns of his two
Fresh treaty.
. a sons Randhir Singh, and Buldeo Singh, occupied 19 years.
ºn The latter dying in 1825 left a son Balwant Singh, a boy of
Singh. six years of age. This prince was raised to the throne, and
Balwant Q
Singh, his accession was recognised by the British Government.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 75
Dethroned But . he was dethroned, and cast into prison by his cousin
by Durjan Durjan Šal who himself usurped the throne. Now that he
Sal. had obtained power which he had long coveted ; Durjan
tried to maintain it by the force of arms. With this view he streng-
thened his fortifications, levied troops, and secretly procured assistance
from several of the neighbouring chiefs. At length the news of these
preparations reached the ears of the Governor General, who, to prevent
a general commotion, determined to dethrone the usurper. An army of
25,000 men was sent against Bharatpur. Lord Combermere, the
Commander-in-Chief led the troops in person. The fort of Bharatpur
hitherto thought impregnable was stormed on 18th J anuary 1826, and
The English Durjan Sal was carried away into captivity, and Balwant
i. Singh was re-established on the throne under the guardian-
Singh. ship of his mother, Rani Mirut Kour, and the superintend-
ence of a Political Agent. But the Rani was removed in 1826 for
her intriguing disposition, and the administration was placed in the
hands of a Council of Regency. In 1835, Raja Balwant Singh was
entrusted with the full administration of the State. Nor did he abuse
the charge. His rule was mild and benevolent, and under it Bharatpur
recovered much of its former prosperity. He died in 1853, and was
Jeswant succeeded by his only son Maharaja Jeswant Singh, a youth
Singh. of sixteen. During his minority the administration was
conducted by a Council, consisting of five nobles of the State under the
superintendence of a Political Agent.
In 1869, His Highness Maharaja Jeswant Singh Bahadur G.C.S.I.,
assumed the charge of Government. He is a noble and generous
prince, and an able ruler. He liberally subscribed Rs. 2,000 to the
Bengal Relief Fund, and endowed the Mayo College with Rs. 50,000.
In January 1876, His Highness the Maharaja visited Agra to pay
Meets the his respects to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
Prince of
Wales at
Agra. Prince honoured him with a return visit at his capital. His
Highness the Maharaja was also present at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1817. Here His Highness was:
O
created Knight Grand Commandér of the Most Exalted Order of the
and was present at the European levee held there. The
76 The Modern History of
Star of India; the investiture of which took place in the Government
House, Calcutta, on the 1st J anuary 1878. His Highness Maharaja
TSrijendar Sewae, Sir Jeswant Singh Bahadur, Bahadur Jang, G.C.S.I.,
aged 29 years, has judicial powers of life and death, and
is entitled to a salue of 17 guns.
The principal officers of the State Council are B. Gangaram,
F. Padam Singh, M. Rawan Rao, and F. Bukawar Singh.
Salute.
n- ---
* Chapter XII—Alwar.
THIS State lies between Bharatpur on the east, and Jaipur on the
West. Its area is 3,000 square miles, population 778,596 souls, and
Revenue about Rs. 23,00,000. It maintains an army of 2,000 cavalry,
5,500 infantry, 300 guns, and 300 artillerymen.
The family of Alwar belongs to the Naruka tribe of the Rajputs.
Pratap The founder of the State was Pratap Singh a nobleman of
Singh, the Jaipur, who held the jaghir of Macheri in Mewat. Dufring
founder. the confusion which prevailed in Jaipur towards the second
half of the eighteenth century, Pratap declared himself independent,
and assumed the title of Rao Raja of Macheri. To the territory thus
acquired he added the fort of Alwar with the adjoining places, which he
conquered from Bharatpur, and formed them into a separate principa-
lity.
Pratap Singh died about the year 1802, and was succeeded by
Bakhtawar his adopted son Bakhtawar Singh. Soon after his acces-
Singh. sion, this prince entered into a treaty with the British
Treaty. Government, by which he was assured of protection on con-
dition of his supplying troops in time of war (1803). During the
campaign against the Mahrattas, Bakhtawar Singh heartily co-operated
with Lord Lake, and was rewarded by the English General with an
accession of territory yielding seven lakhs of Rupees, and about the
sametime he made over to the British Government three districts in
exchange for the pargannas of Tijara, Tapukea, and Kultaman.
In 1811, Raja Bakhtawar Singh incurred the displeasure Of
Government by interfering in the affairs of Jaipur, and a fresh treaty
o
#
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 77
was concluded with him, by which he was expressly prohibited inter-
course with other States. The Raja, however, did not respect this agree-
ment long. In 1812, he unlawfully took possession of Dhobi, and
Sikrawa, two forts belonging to Jaipur. The British resident at Delhi
having in vain remonstrated with him to restore these places, the English
Government sent an army to invade Alwar. Intimidated by the near
approach of British troops Bakhtawar Singh submitted, at the same time
gave up the usurped places, and paid three lakhs of Rupees as expenses
of the expedition. *
Bakhtawar Singh died in 1815, and was succeeded on the throne
e tº º by his nephew Bani Singh, a minor who only found himself
Bani Singh heir to an empty title ; the real power of the State falling
into the hands of Balwant Singh an illegitimate son of the late Raja,
who was supported by a strong Muhammadan faction headed by N awab
Ahmad Bax Khan. Bani Singh having dome of age severely felt the
restraint put upon him, and taking advantage of an absence of Nawab
Ahmad Bax Khan, who had gone on a visit to the British Resident at
Delhi, he seized and imprisoned Balwant Singh, and sent hired Agents
to murder the Nawab, but the would-be assasins having been detected
the crime was traced to the instigation of certain persons at the court
of Alwar, and the Resident consequently demanded the surrender of
these men. This, the Raja declined to do and persisted in his refusal,
until the advance of an English army under Lord Combermere forced
him to comply. He was at the same time required to liberate Balwant
Singh, and make provision for him and his family. Bani Singh reigned
several years after this, but his conduct was always defiant towards the
English. He died in 1857, leaving the throne to his son Sheodan Singh,
Sheodan a boy of thirteen years old. During the minority of Sheodan,
Singh. the Rajput nobles rose and expelled the Muhammadan
ministers who had acquired great influence over the young prince. Dis-
order prevailed however to so great an extent, that Government thought
fit to interfere; and a Council of Regency was formed to conduct the
administration of the State presided over by a Political Agent.
In 1863, the Maharaja Rao attained his majority and assumed the
reins of Government. The Political Agent, however, was to remain at
78 The Modern History of
Alwar for a further period.of two years. Upon the withdrawal of this
officer the affairs of the State again fell into disorder, and after repeated
Deprived Warnings Sheodan Singh was deprived of power, and assigned
of power. a sum of Rupees fifteen thousand per mensem for his per-
sonal expenditure, and a Council of management with a British officer
as its president was formed to administer the State (1870). The Raja
Rao, however, still continued to oppose all measures of reform, and to
- sow seeds of discord amongst his nobles. At last he was distinctly
informed, that if any disturbance took place he would be removed from
Alwar. This warning had the desired effect, and checked all his disturb-
ing influences.
In October 1874, Raja Rao Sheodan Singh breathed his last ; and
Mangal as he died without issue, Mangal Singh, son of Hardeo Singh
Singh. of the Thana family, was elected to the throne by the majo-
rity of the nobles, and his accession recognised by the British Govern-
ment. Pandit Manphul, C. S. I., has been appointed guardian to His
Highness the Maha Rao Raja. The Pandit has received the desigra-
tion of “ Dewan” at the Delhi Darbar as a mark of personal distinction.
The Regency Council is composed of the members Pandit Rupnarain
Rai Bahadur, Thakur Mangal Singh Rai Bahadur, Thakur Baldeo Singh,
and Rao Gopal Singh ; of whom the two former have received the
title of “Rai Bahadur” at the Delhi Darbar, held on the 1st January
1877. -
The administration of the civil and criminal cases in the State has
been efficient; the jail continues to be one of the healthiest in India;
the attendance at the dispensaries has increased ; vaccination is in
considerable progress, and the number of Schools have increased from
76 to 89.
His Highness Maha Rao Raja Sewae, Mangal Singh Bahadur, was
present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877, and met with a reception befitting his rank and station. His
Highness, aged 20 years, has judicial powers of life and
death, and is entitled to a Salute of 15 guns.
Salute,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 79
... Chapter XIII-Bikanir.
THE territory of Bikanir embraces an area of 24,000 square miles,
and contains a population of 300,000 souls. The revenue is estimated
at Rs. 10,20,327. The military force of the State is composed of 750
cavalry, 140 artillerymen, 1,300 infantry, and 95 guns.
This State derives its name from the founder Bikaji, one of the sons
Bikai, the of Rao Jodha of Jodhpur, who left his native country to
founder. carve out a principality for himself. Bikaji or, Bika, crossed
the desert which formed the northern boundary of Marwar, and by force
of arms established his authority over several of the Jät tribes who occu-
pied the country. In 1489, he conquered from the Bhatis the district
of Bhagor, and built the city of Bikanir which he made his capital.
He died in 1504 leaving two sons Naroji, and Lunkarunji, of whom
Four succes- the former succeeded him but died in the same year. Naroji
Sive princes, left the throne to Lunkaranji, who died after a reign of
two years (1526). Lunkaranji was followed by Jaetsiji, and he, by
Kalian Singh, who dying in 1571, left the throne to his
eldest son Rai. Singh. This prince extended the boundaries
of his dominion by conquests, and completed the subjugation of the
Jāts whom he reduced to the position of bondsmen. He contracted an
alliance with Akbar by giving his daughter in marriage to prince Selim,
eldest son of the Emperor, and received great honors at the Moghal’s
court and high rank in the Moghal army. He also obtained from the
Emperor the Government of Hissar and Hansi. Raja Rai Singh died in
161 t after a long reign of 40 years.
Erom Raja Rai Singh to Raja Gaj Singh seven princes occupied,
Seven succes- the throne of Bikanir. Their names are Dalpat Singh,
sive princes. Sur Singh, Kuru Singh, Anup Singh, Sarup Singh, Sajan
Singh, and Jorawar Singh, but their reigns are of too little importance
to be noticed here. Raja Gaj Singh was a brave warrior.
IIe made several new acquisitions of territories, most of which
he conquered from the Bhatis and Bahawalpur. He died in 1787, and
was succeeded by his son Raj Singh. This prince died of
ai Singh, * . tº º o e
Raj Sing poison administered by his stepmother, who wished to see
Rai Singh.
Gaj Singh.
80 The Modern History of
her son Surat Singh on thre throne. He left two infant sons. But the
unnatural uncle Surat Singh was determined to remove every obstacle
from the way. He caused the young prince to be put to death, and having
quelled a rising of the people headed by his elder brothers, securely
º took possession of the throne. Surat Singh was a bold
Surat Singh. and determined character; he carried his arms against the
Bhatis, and stripped them of several of their possessions. But in an
evil hour he interfered with the affairs of Jodhpur, and supported the
claims of Dhºkal Singh, posthumous son of Bhim Singh to the throne.
He spent all his resources in this fruitless attempt, and to replenish his
exchequer he became exacting and oppressive to his subjects, conse-
quently confusion and anarchy prevailed in the State. The nobles defied
the power of the Crown, and the people rose in open rebellion. The
position of Surat Singh now became so critical that he was in danger
of losing his throne ; but he was saved by an alliance with the British
Government. By this treaty Government agreed to protect
the territories of Bikanir, and to reduce the rebellious stib-
jects to subjection, and the Raja was bound to co-operate with the
English in time of war. -
Surat died in 1828 leaving the throne to his son ‘Ratan Singh.
Soon after his accession, this prince invaded Jaisalmir
Treaty.
Ratan Singh, to revenge some injuries received from that State. The
Raja of Jaisalmir assembled his troops to oppose the invader. The
Chiefs, however, were prevented from entering into any acts of hostility
by the intervention of the British Government, and the dispute was
settled through the arbitration of the Rana of Gohad. But a com
plete reconciliation was not effected till the year 1835, when both the
Rajas relinquished enemity towards each other, and entered into a firm
compact of friendship. Ratan Singh died in 1852, and was succeeded
Sirdar by his son Sirdar Singh. During the Mutinies of 1856-57,
Singh. this Prince rendered valuable services to the British
Assists the Government, and was rewarded with the grant of forty-one
* villages, which formerly belonged to the Sirsa District
Mutiny. But his mal-administration of these villages, and continual
disputes with his nobles rendered thé intervention of "the British
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 89
was soon dissolved under the non-interference policy of Lord Cornwalis,
and Partabgarh was once more left open to the inroads of the Mahrattas.
In 1818, however, protection was again extended to the State, and a
Treaty. Separate treaty was concluded with the Raja.
Abdicates Sawant Singh had entrusted the management of affairs
the throne to his son Kour Dip Singh. The tyranny and misconduct
º # of this prince, occasioned much confusion and discontent
Singh. in the State, and at the instance of the British Govern-
ment he was banished from the capital, first to Deolah, and then to the
fort of Kernora, where he died on 21st May 1826. In the meantime
Raja Sawant Singh who had abdicated the throne to his son Kour Dip
Resumes the Singh resumed the management of Government in his own
Government. hands, but there was still another cause of disturbance.
The Bhils and Thugs carried on their depredations on the State, and
committed great ravages. The intercession of the English power,
however, put a check on these people and restored peace to the State.
Dupat Raja Sawant Singh died in 1844. His grandson Dalpat
Singh. Singh, who had been adopted by Rawal Jeswant Singh of
Dungarpur was now recalled to the throne. He accordingly relin-
quished his claims on Dungarpur to Udai Singh, son of the Thakur of
Sabli, and assumed the reins of his paternal dominion. Dalpat Singh
acted also for sometime as regent for Dungarpur during the minority
of its chief, but this arrangement being highly inconvenient for him he
at last left the regency, and confined himself to Partabgarh. Dalpat
Singh died after a reign of 20 years, and was succeeded by
his own son Udai Singh, the present Maharawal.
His Highness Maharawal Udai Singh Bahadur, aged 38 years;
has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled to a
salute of 15 guns.
Udai Singh.
Salute,
Chapter XIX. —Shahpura. *
THE Chiefs of this State are Sesodiya Rajputs descended from
. . Surajmal, the third son of Maharana Amar Singh of Udai-
Surajmal. pur. Surajmal obtained the Parganna of Khyrar in Mewar-
º 12
90 The Modern History of
from the Emperor Shah Jehan of Delhi. He was succeeded by his son
Sújan Singh, who received the Parganna of Phulia as a
- reward for his gallant services, from 'the Emperor Shah
Jehan of Delhi, but he soon abandoned the town of Phulia, and
founded Shahpura which now yeilds a revenue of Rupees 3,00,000
a year. r
The present Chief “holds Khyrar under the sovereign of Mewar,
Sujan Singh.
Telations of and Shahpura under the British Government as part of
the British Ajmir.” He pays an annual tribute of Rupees 10,00,000
º: º, the British Government, but “with the proviso that, if
seat Chief the customs duties levied in Ajmir were abolished, he
should also cease to collect such duties, and, in consideration of such
loss of revenue, his tribute should be reduced to Rupees 2,000.” The
Chief has received the right of adoption, and has judicial inferior
powers.
Section III–CENTRAL INDIA AND MALWA.
Chapter I.-Gwaliar. .
GWALIAR or the dominion of Sindhia is a large and irregular.
shaped country stretching from near the Gulf of Kambay to the banks
of the Jamna. On the west and north it is separated from Rajputana
and the North-Western Provinces by the river Chambal; on the east
it has Bundelkhand and the Central Provinces, and on the south the
States of Bhopal and Dhar. It embraces an area of 33,119 square
miles, and contains a population of 2,500,000 souls. The revenue is
estimated at Rupees 1,20,00,000, of which the greater portion is
derived from land tax. A sum of Rupees 19,656 is annually contri-
buted towards Malwa Bhil Corps. The State maintains an army of
6,000 cavalry, 5,000 infantry, and 48 guns, *
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 91
Ranoji Sindhia, the founder of this State, came of a respectable
Ranoji but impoverished Mahratta family near Sattara, and began
Sindhia. life as the slipper-bearer of the Peishwa" Baji Rao. By
the careful performance of this menial duty he attracted the notice of
his master, who elevated him to the command of the body-guard.
From that time the rise of Ranoji was rapid. He soon distinguished
himself as one of the most daring and formidable leaders of the
Mahratta army, and acquired several possessions in Malwa. The
Peishwa also granted him a jaghir for the support of his troops. He
died in 1750. After the fatal battle of Panipat fought in the year 1761,
the Sindhia family lost with their Chief Jankaji (who was slain in the
Maahaji contest) all their acquisitions in Malwa. Madhaji Sindhia
Sindhia. an illegitimate son of Ramoji was now recognised as the
head of his father's house, and succeeded to such of his paternal estates
as were still left. Madhaji was a man of strong and determined cha-
racter. He united in himself all the qualities of a brave warrior and a
wist statesman. The principal object he had in view was to create a
principality for himself and his heirs, and he succeeded. In 1764, he
led an army into Hindustan, and established his authority in the country
north of the Narbada. Up to the year 1773 Madhaji Sindhia had
acted in subordination to the Peishwas, acknowledging their supremacy,
leading their troops into the field and fighting their battles; but at
the close of the year an event happened which put an end to this rela-
tion. In 1774, Raghonath Rao succeeded to the Peishwaship. The new
Peishwa was an enemy to Madhaji, and had formerly opposed the claims
of the latter to his paternal estates. Consequently on Raghonath’s
accession to power, Sindhia together with Takaji Holkar openly
declared war against him. In the contest which followed, Madhaji
first came in contact with the English, who had espoused the cause of
Raghonath Rao. A body of English troops was sent to invade
Sindhia's dominions. After several reverses on both sides the conflict
* The Peishwa was the title of ilre Prime Minister of Mahratta kings. On
the decline of the royal power the Beishwas assumed independence, and estab-
lished a principality for themselves at Puna,
92 The Modern History of
Treaty-with was brought 80 an end by a treaty concluded with Sindhia
the Pnglish, by Colonel Muir, the English General. By this treaty the
existence of Madhaji as an independent prince was recognised by the
British Government; he was to cease hostilities with the English, to
use his influence with the Mahrattas in bringing about a general peace
and failing that to remain neutral ; while the British Government
withdrew their forces and restored all the territories conquered from
the Sindhia with the exception of the fortress Gwaliar, which had
been made over to the Rana of Gohad (1781). In 1782, through the
intervention of Madhaji peace was concluded with the Mahrattas by
the treaty of Salbye, and he was rewarded for his good offices in
effecting the peace, with the grant of the district and town of Bharoch.
After the conclusion of this treaty Mādhaji was left to pursue his own
course unmolested ; the English occupied with the affairs of Maisur,
where the Chief Tippu Sultan had assumed an hostile attitude against
them ; not caring to interfere. Sindhia took no part in the wars which
followed, but availed himself of the opportunity to strengthen his
army, to wrest Gwaliar from the Rana of Gohad and to consolidate
his possessions in Upper and Central India. He next attempted to
extend his power over the Northern parts of Hindustán, and in the
Dekhan. The former he accomplished by possessing himself of the
person of the Moghal Emperor, and carrying his arms into the country
of the Rajputs. To effect the latter, he aspired to become the prime
minister of the Peishwa. Could he succeed, he would hold his Mahratta
rivals under control. Madhaji proceeded to Puna. Here his views were
advanced by a quarrel between the Peishwa Madho Rao and his minister
Nana Farnavese. But unfortunately at the very threshbold of success
he fell ill and died (1794).
Madhaji Rao Sindhia was succeeded by his grand nephew Daolat
Daolat Rao Rao Sindhia. This prince though young in years inherited
Sindhia. the courage and military spirit of his predecessor. Possess-
ing a large and well-regulated army, he acquired a great ascendancy over
the other Mahratta princes. In the contest for succession which fol-
lowed the death of Madhu Rao Peishwa, he took the part of Baji Rao
and succeeded in raising him to the "vacant Peishwaship. He then
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 93
entered into a quarrel with Jeswant Rao Holkar, and usurped several
of his possessions. These petty successes induced him to try his
strength with the English. When in 1802, the Peishwa accepted the
protection of the British Government, and agreed to receive an English
force in his dominions. Sindhia not only refused to become a party to
the alliance, but openly intrigued with the Raja of Berar to defeat its
object. All attempts of the British Government for an amiable settle-
Makes war ment were in vain. Lord Wellesley, the then Governor
with the General, seeing war inevitable, instructed General Wellesly
English. and Lord Lake, to attack Sindhia from the north and
south. Daolab Rao now found out his mistake. He had overestimated
his strength. He was no match for the veteran warriors who were sent
against him, and suffered successive defeats at Aligarh, Delhi, Assaye,
Agra, Laswari, and Argaum. At length he was obliged to sue for
concludes peace. A treaty was concluded at Surjiànjengaon, by
peace. which I)aolat Rao ceded to the British Government all his
territories between the Jamna and the Ganges, and all situated to the
north-ward of Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Gohad, the forts of Ahmadnagar
and Bharoch, and his possessions between the Ajunta Ghat and the
Godaveri. He also renounced his claims on his feudatory Rajas, and
declared them independent of his authority (1803). This was a great
blow to the ambitious Daolai Rao. But he did not intend to observe
the conditions of the treaty and only sought an opportunity to violate
them. Nor had he to wait long. When in the following year the
Joins British Government declared war against Holkar, he joined
Holkar. the latter and commenced hostilities against the English.
Matters would have come to a serious standing, but the replacement
of Wellesly by the peacefully disposed Lord Cornwallis as Governor
General, prevented the outbreak of a war. A new treaty was con-
cluded with the Sindhia at Allahabad on the 23rd of November, 1805,
Receives “which ceded Gwaliar and Gohad to him, abolished the
Gwaliar and pensions of Rs. 15,00,000 a year, paid by Government to
§§. Sindhia's officers, constituted the Chumbal, the northern
boundary of his dominions, deprived him of all claims to
tribute from British Government; bound itself not to make treaties
94. The Modern History of
with Udaipur, Jodhpur, Kota or other Chiefs, tributary to Sindhia in
Malwa, Mewar, or Marwar, or to interfere with, the arrangements
which Sindhia might make in regard to them, and granted a pension of
four lakhs a year to Sindhia and Jaghirs of two lakhs to his wife
Baiza Bai, and one lakh to his daughter Chumna Bai.” In other
respects the conditions of the treaty of 1803 were adhered to.
In 1817, the Pindari war broke out. Daolat Rao was invited to
join the plundering chiefs. The Peishwa, also about this
Pindari war. time showed signs of disaffection, and tried to revive the
old Mahratta confederacy. These circumstances offered too great a
temptation to Sindhia to remain firm to his engagements with the
English. He was still hesitating as to the course he would pursue
when the prompt measures of the British Government obliged him to
come at once to a decision. He bound himself to place his troops in
fixed positions whence they were not to move with out the consent of
Government, and to give up the forts of Assirgarh and Hindia both as
security for the lines of communication and as a guarantee for the per-
formance of his agreements, and to surrender the tributes of the
Rajput States for three years. But notwithstanding these terms the
Assirgarh fortress of Assirgarh was not easily surrendered. It was
taken by , therefore taken by force on 9th April 1819. In the fort
** a letter was found in the handwriting of Sindhia, directing
the Governor to obey the orders of the Peishwa, then at war with the
English. For this breach of faith, the fortress was permanently
annexed to the British dominions. *
Daolat Rao died on the 21st March 1827. As he left no son, and
had not during his lifetime selected a successor to the throne, his widow
Baiza Bai adopted Mugat Rao, son of a distant kinsman. This boy
then about eleven years of age, was on the throne with the title of
Janokji Rao Janokji Rao Sindhia. The administration of the affairs
Sindhia. was vested in the hands of the Baiza Bai. But her mis-
government of the State and ill treatment of the young prince, caused
a general discontent throughout the dominion. At last her tyranny
grew so high that Janokji was obliged to fly from the palace, and take
refuge at the British Residency. This gave rise to an open revolt.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 95
The troops rose in arms and shouted for their prince. The Baiza Bai
alarmed for her safety fled to the Residency, and Janokji returned to
Gwaliar (1833).
Maharaja Janokji now assumed the reins of Government in his
own hands. He was a weak ruler. In matters of administration, he
was guided by his maternal uncle the Mamah Sahib, who occupied the
post of prime minister. Though his rule was undisturbed by foreign
War, “the Court was one constant scene of feuds and struggles for
power amongst the nobles, and the army was in a chrºnic state of
Reform of mutiny.” The principal event of Janokji's reign was the
the contin- reform of the contingent. By the treaty of 1817, Maha-
gent. raja Daolat Rao Sindhia had agreed to furnish a contingent
of 5,000 horse, and assigned for its support the payments made to him
by the British Government, and the tributes due to him from the Rajput
States. This contingent was, after the termination of the Pindari War,
reduced to 2,000 horse. In 1837, it was reorganized on a footing of one
regiment of cavalry, one of infantry, and a company of artillery com-
manded by European Officers. The districts in Khandesh which had
been made over temporarily to the British Government were restored to
Sindhia, he paying in lieu a sum equivalent to their net revenues. The
expenses of the contingent were defrayed partly from these revenues,
and partly from “the revenues of the Sagar districts and the tributes
from the Rajput States.” Janokji Tao died in 1843. He had no son
and had not nominated his heir. His widow Tara Bai, therefore, with
the consent of the principal nobles, adopted Bagirat Rao, son of
Hanwant Rao, the nearest though very distant relative of the late
Maharaja. The adoption was approved by the British Government, and
the boy was placed on the masnad with the title of Maharaja Alijah
Jiaji Rao Jiaji Rao Sindhia. The Mamah Sahib was appointed regent
Sindhia, during the prince’s minority. Tara Bai fearing that her
authority would be superseded, entered into an intrigue against the
regent in concert with one Dada Khasji-wala, a man of some influence
in the Court. Notwithstanding the remonstrances of the British Resi-
dent the Mama Sahib was dismissed, and Dada Khasji-wala was selected
to fill his place. This was a "most injudicious selection. The Dada
96 The Modern History df
was a most “turbulent, restless, and intriguing spirit; an enemy of
public order and a fomenter of troubles with his neighbours.” In all
his acts he showed himself hostile to the English. He gained over a
large number of the troops to his side by promises and rewards ; dis-
missed those officers of the State who were friendly to the interest of the
British Government, and replaced them by his own creatures.
These proceedings could not fail to attract the notice of the British
Government. The removal of Dada Khasji-wala was demanded as the
condition of ge-establishing friendly relations with the State, and a force
was marched out to enforce the demand. On the near approach of the
troops the Dada was surrendered. It now remained to make arrange-
ments for the proper administration of the State. The Governor
General Lord Ellenborough proposed to discuss the matter in a personal
interview with Tara Bai, and the young Maharaja on the 26th of Decem-
ber 1843. The interview, however, did not take place; the Rani and
Maharaja Jiaji Rao Sindhia having been held in restraint by the muti-
nous soldiery. The English army was thereupon ordered to march upon
Gwaliar. They were met by a large body of the Gwaliar troops, and
inflicted upon them two successive defeats one at Maharaj pur and ano-
ther at Punniar. Gwaliar now lay at the mercy of the Governor
General. A treaty was concluded with the Maharaja by which it was
agreed, that territories yielding eighteen lakhs a year should be ceded
to the British Government for the maintenance of a contingent force,
and other lands for the payment of the debts of the State to British
Government and the expenses of the war ; that the army should be
reduced to 6,000 cavalry, 3,000 infantry, and 200 gunners with 32
guns; that the Government during the minority should be conducted
according to the advice of the British Resident, and that the just
territorial rights of the Gwaliar State should be maintained by the
British Government. *
On attaining majority His Highness Maharaja Jiaji Rao Sindhia,
was entrusted with the full administration of the State (1854). In
affairs of Government he was guided by the advice of his wise and able
minister Dinkar Rao, who assisted in réforming the internal adminis-
tration of the State. O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 97
On the outbreak of the Sepoy Mutiny, His Highness Maharaja
His services Jiaji Rao Sindhia sent his bodyguard to Agra to co-operate
during the with the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Pro-
Mutiny. vinces. He also refused all offers to join the mutineers
and held in restraint those of his soldiery who showed signs of disaffec-
tion. When, however, Tantia Topi entered Gwaliar, the Maharaja was
deserted by his troops, and obliged to fly for safety to Agra. He was
however soon restored to his capital by Sir Hugh Rose and Sir Colin
Campbell who beat back the rebels from Gwaliar. This fidelity to the
British Government did not go unrewarded. The Maharaja was restored
lands yielding three lakhs of Rupees a year, and was permitted to raise
his infantry from 3,000 to 5,000 men, and his guns from 32 to 36.
His Highness the Maharaja has been created a Knight Grand Com-
mander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, and guaran-
teed the right of adoption.
His Highness “ sat as a member of the mixed commission of Euro-
peåns and Natives by which Malhar Rao Gaikwar of Baroda was tried
in 1875 for an attempt to poison the British Resident at Baroda.”
In 1875, His Highness Maharaja Jiaji Rao Sindhia met His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales at Calcutta. His Highness was present
The Prince at the reception of the native princes, and at the grand
of waij Chapter of the Star of India. In January following the
* to ºwa Prince proceeded to Gwaliar, and His Royal Highness was
received with great demonstrations of respect. A grand
review of 8,000 picked troops was held in Honor of His Royal Highness’
visit. Sindhia himself took the command, and after the Prince had made
a tour of inspection there was a march past. After the review there was
sham fight, Sindhia commanding one detachment, and his Commander-
in-Chief the opposing force. His Royal Highness was well pleased
with these entertainments, and expressed his sense of gratification in
warm language.
His Highness the Maharaja was also present at the Imperial As-
semblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, and received the most
honourable titles of “Counsello of the Empress” and “Hisam-us-Saltanat”
as also the honorary rank of “ General in the Army.” His Highness
º 13
98 - The Modern History of
has been created a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of
the Bath; the investiture of which took place in the Government House,
Calcutta, on the 1st January 1878. The Maharja has also been
-declared to be an ea:-officio, and for life a Companion and Member of the
Order of the Indian Empire, instituted on the 1st January 1878, by
Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen and Empress of India, and at
Therease of the late Delhi Darbar His Highness received an increase of
Salute. salute from 19 to 21 guns.
Bis Highness Muktaral Mulk, Azimul Iktdar Rāfias Shan Wala
Shiko Mohta Shami Dauran Umdatal Umra ; Hisam-us-Saltanat; Maha-
raj Dhiraj Alija; General Sir Jiaji Rao Sindhia Bahadur ; Srinath;
Mansur-i-Zaman; Fidwi-i-Hazrat Malika Muazima Rafiad Darje Inglis-
tan; Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath ;
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of
India; Counsellor of the Empress, &c., has judicial powers of life and
death, and is at present 46 years of age. - *
The present Dewan of Gwaliar is Lieutenant-Colonel Rao Raja
Sir Ganpat Rao Kharkay Shamsher Jang Bahadur, K.C.S.I.
Chapter II.-Indor.
THIS principality is comprised of two detached portions separated
from each other by the States of Jaora and Gwaliar. The northern
part is watered by the river Chambal and its tributaries, and the
southern occupies a portion of the valley of the Narbada. The area
of Indor is 8,015 square miles, and its population about 635,450 souls.
The Revenue is Rupees 50,00,000, and the annual contribution towards
Malwa Bhil Corps is Rupees 23,81,520. The army comprises 3,100
regular, and 2,150 irregular infantry ; 2,100 regular, and 1,200 irregular
cavalry, 340 artillerymen, and 24 field guns.
The origin of this State is contemporaneous with that of Gwaliar.
Mamar Rao The founder Malhar Rao Holkar I., a Mahratta, was the
Holkar I. son of a shepherd in the 'village of Hol on the Nira.
Possessing a courage and ambition beyond his sphere, Malhar Rao
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 99
Holkar I. disdained the humble duties of his station, and exchanged the
hook for the sword. About the year 1724, he entered the army of the
Peishwa as Commander of 500 horse. In this service he soon distin-
guished himself and rapidly rose to the first rank among the Mahratta
Chiefs. After the conquest of Malwa in 1735, he was left in command
of the Mahratta forces, to the north of the Narbada, with Indor and a
large portion of conquered country assigned to him for their support.
From this time the career of Malhar Rao Holkar I. was one of
uninterrupted success. He carried his depredations far sand wide and
made the power of his arms felt wherever he went. These incursions
served to extend both his possessions and his fame, which stood only
second to that of Madhaji Sindhia among the Mahrattas. After the
overthrow of the Mahrattas at Panipat (1761), Holkar returned to and
directed his attention to consolidating and strengthening his numerous
conquests. He died in 1765 at the good old age of seventy-six; and
Mali Rao was succeeded by his grandson Mali Rao Holkar, an idiot
Hólkar. This prince did not survive long; and on his death which
Allalya Bai. happened nine months after, the administration of the State
fell into the hands of his mother the renowned Ahalya Bai.”
This admirable woman was the ornament of her sex. Pious,
energetic, and active, she possessed all the qualities of a thorough
statesman. Her virtue, her prudence, the quickness of her intellect,
the firmness of her character, her strong sense of the duties of her
position, her unremitting attention to business, her public and private
charities, and above all her affection towards her people and her constant
care for their happiness and welfare, gained her the love and veneration
of her subjects and the esteem of foreign princes. Soon after her acces
* Like some of the females of the heroic ages Ahalya Bai possessed many noble
qualities, and has rendered her name immortal by the erection of magnificient
temples at Indor, Himalya, SetBandyo Ramesar, Gya, Benares, Jagannath, and
other religious places. The architecture of Watmandir and that of the temple at
Gya known as Bishnupad, i.e., a place containing the footsteps of Bishnu, is
indeed so very pleasing that it attracts the eyes of all spectators. The very beauti-
ful images of Ram and Janoki as also that of Ahalya Bai who as their most
faithful devotee is standing before them in a true worshiping posture, are even now
to be seen in a temple at Gya, and "create strong impressions upon the minds of
|Hindu pilgrimſ, tending towards the systematic adoration of their Gods. The fine
and strong DharmaSala of Ahalya Bai is also in existence at Kedarnath.
100 The Modern History of
sion to power she selected Tukaji Holkar, a man of established character
and well-known merits as Commander-in-Chief of her army, and asso-
ciated him in the Government of the State. The thirty years that she
held its reins were years of peace for the country and prosperity to the
people; and her death which occurred in 1795, was widely lamented.
Tukaji She was succeeded on the throne by Tukaji Holkar. Tukaji
Holkar. enjoyed his power for two years and died in 1797.
IIe left two legitimate sons. The elder Khasi Rao was an idiot,
and the younger Malhar Rao was slain at Puna, leaving a boy named
Rhandi Rao. Jeswant Rao Holkar, an illegitimate son of Tukaji,
having gained over the troops to his side, put aside the claims of Khasi
Khandi Rao Rao, and assumed the Government in the name of the young
Holkar I. Khandi Rao Holkar I. The young prince, however, was sub-
Jeswant Rao sequently poisoned, and the State passed into the hands of
Fiolkar. Jeswant Rao Holkar. This prince was remarkable for his
high military talents. His chief ambition was to extend his dominions
by conquest. Taking advantage of an absence of Daolat Rao Sindlfia
who had proceeded to Puna, he attacked that chief's dominions which
he plundered and devastated. He also inflicted a severe defeat on
Sindhia near Puna. Inflated with this success he invaded the territories
war with of the British Government. In the war which ensued, his
the English, power was completely broken, and he fled to Puna for refuge.
Thither he was pursued by Lord Lake, who was determined to give
him no respite. At last finding all his hopes gone ; he submitted to the
conqueror. A treaty was concluded which deprived him of a
Treaty. large portion of his territories (1805). These, however, were
restored to him in the following year. Jeswant Rao now employed
himself in reorganizing his army. But his recent ill-success had ren-
dered him peevish, violent and cruel; and he had given himself up to
excessive drinking to keep up his Spirits. This soon brought on insa-
nity. He died insane in 1811.
During his insanity the administration had been conducted by his
Mama Rao concubine Tulsa Bai. On his death she adopted Malhar
Holkar, II. IRao Holkar II., his son by another mistress and carried on
the Government in his name. But her"arrogance and incapacity ot
©
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamāndars, &c. 101
rule alienated her subjects. The troops openly mutinied and their com-
mand was seized by Pathan leaders hostile to her interests. Tulsa Bai
fled from the capital with the young Malhar Rao, and invoked the pro-
tection of the British Government. But before succour arrived she
was seized upon by the Pathan leaders, and beheaded on the 20th
December 1817. The day following her murder the Holkar army sus-
tained a complete defeat from a body of English troops, and in January
Treaty at a treaty was concluded at Mandisur with the Maharaja; by
Mandisu”, which the greater portion of his dominions, was wrested
from him and the remainder taken under British protection. Malhar
Rao Holkar II. was quite unfit to govern. He was given up to debau-
chery and extravagance, and left the administration in the hands of his
favourites who were for the most part worthless creatures. The conse-
quence was that the State gradually fell into decline, the revenue was
reduced to a very low figure, and heavy debts accumulated. Malhar
Tao died without issue in 1835, at the early age of twenty-eight. His
widow adopted a child of a distant relation who was raised to the
Martand Rao throne with the title of Martand Rao Holkar. But the
Holkar, late Taja had a cousin, named Hari Rao, who had been
thrown into prison for his rebellious conduct in the preceding
reign. He was now released from his confinement by a strong party in
his favour, and was joined by a large body of nobles and troops. Martand
Hai Rao Rao was banished from the State, and Hari Rao Holkar was
Holkar. proclaimed Maharaja on the 17th January 1834. This,
however, was not a happy selection. Hari Rao was quite incapable as a
ruler, and his minister Rivaji Phansia who was entrusted with the sole
administration of the State, was cruel, oppressive, and avaricious. An
attempt was made by the partisans of the exiled Martand Rao to rein-
state him on the throne. A body of armed men entered the Royal
Palace by night with the purpose of assassinating the Raja and his
minister; but their attempt was frustrated and they were slain to a
man.
Hari Rao died in A. D. 1843, and was succeeded by his adopted
Khandi Rao $9% Khandi Rao Holkar II. This prince reigned only three
Holkar II, months. On his death without children, the British Govern
102 The Modern History of
ment with the concurrenče of the mother of Hari Rao. Holkar selected
Tukaji Rao Tukaji Rao Holkar, the younger son of Bhao Holkar, a man
Holkar. of the same tribe and lineage with Malhar Rao, as succes-
*or to the throne. This prince then about 10 years of age was installed
to the vacant Gaddi (20th of June 1844). His Highness Maharaja
Tukaji Rao Holkar attained his majority in 1852, and assumed the full
administration of Government. His Highness has always entertained
a high regard and a friendly feeling towards the British Government.
His services These were manifest in his conduct diring the Sepoy
during the Mutiny. Whilst some of the Native Princes abandoned
mutiny. their capitals and sought refuge in the British Camp, His
Highness firmly stood his ground notwithstanding his safety was endan-
gered by the disaffection of a portion of his own troops, and though he
found it impossible to prevent an attack upon the Resident, he afforded
timely and valuable information to the British Authorities not only in
his own territories but all around as far as Bombay. His Highness also
gave every possible aid to the British troops and afforded shelter in his
palace to a large number of English fugitives. These services were not
left without some acknowledgment at the hands of Goyernment. In
1862, a sannad was granted to him guaranteeing the privilege of
adoption. Subsequently His Highness was created a Knight of the
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. His Highness the Maharaja
is an efficient ruler. His measures for the improvement of the State
and his efforts to promote the happiness and welfare of his subjects are
deserving of the highest commendation. His Highness is full of energy
and works harder than the hardest working of his public servants. In
the choice of these he is especially happy; conseqmently there is much
more intelligence and fidelity in his service than can be ordinarily found
in Native States. In 1872, His Highness appointed to the office of
minister Sir T. Madhava Rao a Mahratta Brahmin, one of the most
accomplished men of his race. In May 1875, Sir T. Madhava Rao's
services were transferred to the Baroda State, and his cousin Ragho
Nath Rao was appointed to succeed him. The new minister is also
a very able man and enjoys the full confidence of the Maharaja.
In December 1815, His Highness Maharaja Tukaji Rao Holkar
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 103
visited Calcutta to meet his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. His
Highness was Received by the Prince at the grand reception of Native
Princes and at the Grand Chapter of the Star of India.
º” His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales paid His High-
of Wales’
visit to mess the Maharaja a return visit at Calcutta, and went to
Indor. Indor on the 9th March 1876, where he met with a warm
reception from the Maharaja. His Royal Highness left Indor after
Witnessing a dance of Bhil men and women.
His Highness the Maharaja was also present at the Emperial As-
semblage held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. On this occasion His
Highness received the most honorable title of ‘Counsellor of the Empress’
Increase of with an increase of salute from 19 to 21 guns. On the 1st
Salute. January 1878, His Highness was declared to be an ea:-officio
and for life Companion and Member of the Order of the Indian
Empire.
His Highness Maharaja Dhiraj Raj Rajessar Sewae, Sir Tukaji
Rao"Holkar Bahadur, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India; Counsellor of the Empress, &c., has two
sons, Sivaji Rao IIolkar and Jeswallſ, Rao Holkar. These young princes
are naturally very intelligent. They are now learning English under
Captain Norman Franks. His Highness the Maharaja has Judicial
powers of life and death, and is at present 46 years of age.
Bakshi Khonan Singh, Commandant of the Forces of His High-
ness the Maharaja of Holkar was created a Companion of the Most
Exalted Order of the Star of India at the Delhi Darbar on the 1st
January 1877.
Chapter III.-Bhopal.
THIS State is situated in the south-east corner of Malwar. It
embraces an area of 8,200 square miles and contains a population of
769,200 souls. The revenue is R. 26.83,400. Military force consists of
694 horse, 2,200 foot, 291 artillerymen, and 57 guns,
I 04 The Modern History of
The origin of this principality dates from the beginning of the
Dost Muh. 18%h century. It was founded by Dost “Muhammad, an
ammad. Aghan Chief, who had served Aurangzib in his wars and
had been appointed by him Superintendent of the Bhairsia district.
During the confusion which followed the death of the Emperor, Dost
Muhammad established his independent authority over Bhopal and the
adjacent country, and assumed the title of Nawab. ->
He died in 1723, and was succeeded by his illegitimate son
Yar Muh- QYar Muhammad; his legitimate son Săltan Muhammad
ammad. having resigned his claims in favour of the former. Yar
Faiz Mu. Muhammad had three sons Faiz Muhammad, Yassin Mu-
º: hammad, and Haiat Muhammad who followed their father
Yassin Mu-
hammad, and to the throne in succession. The last named prince laid the
º foundation of a strong and permanent friendship with the
British Government by assisting General Goddard, who was
leading his army against Sindhia, with every means in his power, and
allowing the General to pass through his territories. Haiat Muhammad
reigned 29 years. He was a weak ruler. TXuring his administration
Bhopal Bhopal was overrun by plundering hordes ºf Pindaris and
invaded by Mahrattas. The imbecile Nawab was unable to contend
º against these bandes of invaders ; and the State was nearly
ratta.S. brought to the verge of destruction. It was however saved
saved by by the arrival of Vizir Muhammad, a cousin of the Nawab,
Y. who had been banished for his rebellion against a minister.
subsequently deceased. This brave man came at the head
of a large army, drove away the Pindaris and the Mahrattas, and in
a short time restored peace and security to the State.
But his success was only excited the jealousy of Ghous Muham-
mad, the heir apparent to the Gaddi. This prince tried his best to get
rid of the gallant soldier; and when he came to the throne on the death
of the Nawab his father, he invited the Mahrattas to occupy the country.
Vizir Muhammad now stepped forward as the senior of his native land,
and expelled the Mahrattas. From this time Ghous Muhammad gradu-
ally sank into insignificance and the real power passed intº the hands of
Vizir Muhammad who assumed the office of minister.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 105
T)uring the remainder of his life Vizir Muhammad was engaged in
Nazzar continued struggles with the Mahrattas. He died in 1816,
Muhammad, and was succeeded in the office of minister by his son Nazzar
Muhammad. Nazzar was a worthy son of his brave father. His
administration which extended over four years only was beneficial to the
country. He restored peace and prosperity to the State, raised the
revenue from the low figure to which it had fallen, and recovered the
districts which had been lost in former wars. In 1817, he entered into
an agreement with the British Government for the suppression of the
Pindaris, and in the following year a treaty of alliance was
concluded by which the State was guaranteed to him and
he agreed to furnish a contingent of 600 horse and 400 infantry receiving
in return five districts in Malwa. Two years after the conclusion of
this treaty Nazzar Muhammad accidently died, leaving a daughter the
Kudsia renowned Sikandar Begam. His wife the Kudsia Begam,
Begam. daughter of Ghous Muhammad, assumed the Government
in the name of her minor daughter. In 1835, Sikandar Begam was
married to her cousin Jehangir Muhammad Khan. This prince, ambi-
tious of power, raised a rebellion against his mother-in-law, but he was
defeated and besieged in the Fort of Ashta. At last a reconciliation
was effected through the intervention of the British Government.
Johangir Kudsia Begam resigned her power and her son-in-law was
Muhammad, installed as Nawab on the 29th November 1837. Jehangir
Muhammad died after a reign of six years, and his wife Sikandar
Begam was appointed sole regent for their only daughter, Shah Jehan
Treaty.
Begam.
Sikandar It was during the regency of Sikandar Begam, that the Sepoy
Begåm. Mutiny broke out. The Begam rendered important services
to the English on this occasion, supplying them with troops and provi-
... .......... Sions, and giving shelter to the British refugees. As a re-
Tſer Services . . . g g $ * tº
during the cognition of these important services, the district of Bhairsia
mutiny. • *
was made over to her, and she was recognised as ruler of
Bhopal in her own right, and was invested with the insignia of the Most
Exalted Order of the Star of India. She died in 1868 leaving behind
C & -
her a name ever memorable in history.
14
106 The Modern History of
Nawabshah Her daughter Nawab Shah Jehan Begam at once assumed
Jehan the administration which she conducts ably- and most satis-
Begam. factorily. This princess was twice married. Her first hus-
band was Bakshi Baki Muhammad Khan. By him she has a daughter
the Sultan Jehan Begam, who has been recognised the heir to the throne
by the British Government. After his death which happened in 1867,
she married Muhammad Sadik Husain. This prince has received the
title of Nawab, and is associated with the Begam in the Government
of the State, º
On the 1st of February 1875, Sultan Jehan Begam was married to
Mian Ahmad Ali Khan, a native of Jelalabad in the Mazuffarnagar
district. The ceremony was performed in full Darbar, and in the
presence of European gentlemen invited for the occasion. A dowry of
two krors of Rupees was settled on the bride.
Bier Highness Nawab Shah Jehan Begam came to Calcutta in
December 1875, on the occasion of His Royal Highness the
TMeets the © * - & - e
Prince of Prince of Wales’ visit to this country. She paid her respects
Wales at
Calcutta, to the Prince at the grand reception of native princes, held
at Government House; and was visited by the prince in
return. In December of the following year she proceeded to Delhi to
be present at the Grand Imperial Darbar. On this occasion she was
accompanied by her husband His Highness Nawab Alijah Amir-ul-
mulk Sadik Husain, and her grandmother the Kudsia Begam who is still
alive. His Highness Nawab Alijah Amir-ul-mulk Sadik Husain received
a salute of 17 guns as a mark of personal honour at the Delhi Darbar,
held on the 1st January 1877.
Her Highness Nawab Shah Jehan Begam has been created a Knight
Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. Both
Her Highness, Nawab Shah Jehan Begam, and her grandmother the
Kudsia Begam, have been invested with the insignia of the Order of the
Crown of India. .
Her Highness Nawab Shah Jehan Begam, G. C. S. T., &c., aged 41
Salute. years, has judicial powers ..of life and death, and is entitled
to a salute of 19 guns. Q.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 107
The Chief State Officers are Munshi Muhammad Jamal-ud-din
Khan Sahib Bahadur, and Syfud-dowla Ali Husain Khan.
Chapter IV.-Dhar.
* THIS principality lies to the west of Indor. Its area is 2,500
square miles, population 150,000 souls, and gross revenue about eight
lakhs of Rupees. The State maintains an army of 50 eavalry, 219
infantry, 21 artillerymen, and six field guns.
The Princes of Dhar belong to the family of Puar Rajputs. Emi-
grating from Malwa at a very remote period, the Puars had settled them-
selves in the neighbourhood of Puna, and had acquired great celebrity
Anand Rao in early Mahratta history. Anaud Rao Puar I., son of Sam.
Puar I. baji, generally considered as the founder of the State, was a
soldier of fortune in the service of the Peishwa Baji Rao, and received
from him a grant of the province of Dhar together with the adjoining
country for the support of himself and his followers. He died in 1749.
Jeswant Rao His son Jeswant Rao Puar I. who succeeded him was killed
Puar I. in the battle of Panipat in 1761. Jeswant Rao Puar I. left
# ** a son Khandi Rao Puar. During the reign of this prince
Puar.
Ananda Rao and that of his son Ananda Rao Puar II. who followed
Puar II. him in 1780, the State was distracted by frequent inva-
sions of Holkar and Sindhia, who despoiled it of a large portion of
its territories and carried off immense plunder. On the death of
Ananda Rao Puar II. in 1807, the administration was assumed by
his wife the Mina Bai. She was then with child and soon gave
birth to a son, who was named Ram Chandra Rao Puar. This boy
died at an early age and Mina Bai at once adopted her sister's son under
Ram chan. the name of Ram Chandra Puar. The Rani still continued
dra Puar at the head of the administration, and it was owing to her
firmness and talents, that the State was saved from utter ruin at the
I)har taken hands of Mahratta and Pindari invaders. In 1819, Dhar
under British was taken under British protection, and the districts it had
P* lost were recovered"and restored. At the same time to
ensure proper administration of the State, Bapu Raghonath, an able and
108 The Modern History of
experienced man was appointed prime minister. Under his management,
the tranquility of the country was restored, the expenditure curtailed, and
the revenue raised from Rupees 20,000 a year to Rupees 2,67,000. In
1821, Raja Ram Chandra Puar then only twelve years of age was married
to Unpura Bai, niece of Daolat Rao Sindhia. The district of Dektan
was settled upon the bride, as a marriage dowry by her uncle.
From the time of its alliance with the British Government every
thing went on smoothly at Dhar. But in 1832, an event happened
which disturbed the peace of the State. Uchet Rao, a descendant of
an illegitimate son of Raja Jeswant Rao Puar, came forward to urge his
pretensions to the throne. He was assisted by the Bhils, who com-
mitted great ravages in the State. At last matters came to such a
crisis, that the interference of the British Government was found
to be necessary. Uchet Rao was prevailed upon to withdraw his
claims, and was allowed a pension of Rupees 200 per mensem during
life. -- - ©
Raja Ram Chandra Puar died in 1833. As he left no son, "his
widow adopted Malhar Rao Puar, a distant kinsman of the family then
residing at Multan. This boy was installed on the throne under the
Jaswant Rao name of Jeswant Rao Puar II. (April 1834), with the
Hºuar II. consent of the British Government. Jeswant Rao Puar II.
reigned twenty-four years. He died in 1857, and was succeeded by his
Ananda Rao half brother Ananda Rao Puar III., a boy of 13 years of age.
Puar III. In the same year the Dhar army rebelled and joined the Sepoy
Mutineers. As a punishment the State was confiscated by the British
Government. But it was subsequently restored in consideration of the
minority of the Maharaja with the exception of the district of Bhairsia
which was made over to the Begam of Bhopal. The State, however,
was retained under British management until the young Maharaja
should attain his majority, or until His Highness should be found to be
competent to manage his own affairs. Accordingly in 1864, His High-
ness the Maharaja was entrusted with the administration of Govern-
ment on condition that His Highness should maintain the existing
system of management, and should introduce no change without the
concurrence of the Governor General's Agent. Q
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 109
In March 1876, His Highness Maharaja Anand Rao Puar III.
proceeded to Indor, to pay his respects to His Royāl High-
Moets the e
Prince of mess the Prince of Wales, and was present at the Darbar
Y. * held by His Highness the Maharaja of Holkar in honour of
the Prince. His Highness was also present at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, on account of the
assumption of the title “ Empress of India,” by Her Most Gracious
1Majesty the Queen. On this grand occasion His Highness received the
title of Maharaja, and was created a Knight Commander.of the Most
Exalted Order of the Star of India.
His Highness the Maharaja is “ pleasant in all his relations, tender
towards his ryots, and at all times willing to contribute liberally to
works of improvement, roads, &c., and works of charity.”
His Highness Maharaja Sir Anand Rao Puar, K. C. s. I., has been
guaranteed the right of adoption. His Highness, aged 35 years, has
judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute of
15 guns.
Sakaram Narain is the Secretary to His Highness the Maharaja.
Salute?
Chapter V.-Dewas.
THIS State has an area of 2,576 square miles, population 121,809
souls; and revenue Rupees 6,02,890.
The princes of Dewas also belong to the Puar Rajputs. They are
descended from Sagoji Puar, whose grandson Babaji Puar had two sons,
Raluji and Sambaji who were distinguished military commanders
in the Mahratta army in the Service of Sivaji and his successor Shahu
Raja. Sambaji was generally designated as the ancestor of the family
Tukaji I. of Dhar. Raluji had two sons, Tukaji I., and Jiwaji, who
and Jiwaji, came with the first Baji Rao Peishwa into Malwa (1715-26),
and gradually obtained possession of Dewas, Sarangpur, Alot, Hamer-
pur, (Bundgkhand), Kandoba. Doab), and several other places.
| 10 The Modern History of
Senior The successors of Tukaji I. represent the Senior Branch
º of the Dewas. Tukaji I. was followed through a series of
of Tukaji I. adoptions by Krishnaji I., Tukaji II., Rukmangad Rao (com-
Krishnaji monly known as Khaseh Sahib), and Krishnaji Rao Puar
* Puar II., the present Raja. This prince assumed the adminis-
tration of the State on the 23rd May 1867, but on account
of some mismanagement his portion is at present administered by
a native superintendent under the supervision of the British Govern-
ment. tº
His Highness Raja Krishnaji Rao Puar II., Baba Sahib, aged 31
years, is married to a daughter of His Highness the Maharaja
Sindhia, and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns. Rao
Pandurang Tantia Gorey Rai Bahadur is the native superintendent of
the State of Dewas (Senior Branch). He received the title of “Rai
Bahadur” on the 1st January 1878.
The successors of Jiwaji, the other founder of the State, belong
Salute,
Junior to the Junior Branch of the Dewas. Jiwaji was party
Branch. followed by legitimate and partly by adopted sons. Their
successors names in succession are Anand Rao I., Haibat Rao I., Nil-
of Jewiji, kant Rao, (who assumed the name of Anand Rao II),
Narain Rao Haibut Rao II, and Narain Rao Puar, Dada Sahib, the
Pual'. present Raja.
His Highness Raja Narain Rao Puar, Dada Sahib, met His Royal
Meets the Highness the Prince of Wales at Indor, and was present
§. . at the Darbar, held by His Highness the Maharaja of
Indor. Holkar. His Highness the Raja was also present at the
Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, on
account of the assumption of the title “ Empress of India,” by Her
Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.
His Highness now 19 years old, stays at Indor to study English
at the Residency (Rajkumar) College, and is entitled to a
salute of 15 guns.
The tutor to His Highness is Nilkant Janardan Kirtani, and the
Rarbari or minister for both the Chiefs of Dewas is Ganpat Rao Ram
Q
Chandra. O
Salute.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 111
Prior to the British occupation of Malwa, the successors of Tukaji
Short ac I5 and Jewaji, had been subjected to the constant oppres-
N º
count of De- sions of the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and the Pindari
was before a
the British
occupation years, during which interval the chiefs of Dewas lost the
of Malwa. “
chiefs. This state of things remained for a period of thirty
districts of Hamerpur, Kandoba, Sarangpur, &c."
Taken under But in 1818, the principality of Dewas was taken under
ºpº British protection when the ruling chiefs were Tukaji II,
and "Anand Rao T. The British Government recognised
these two princes as rulers of the districts of Dewas, Gurgachah,
Baghaod, and Bingnaod, and forced the Maharaja of Sindhia to restore
to them the district of Sarangpur, after the conclusion of the Pindari
War (1817–1819).
In 1828, the Chiefs of Dewas made over to the British Govern-
ment the district of Baghaod for better management, but they were,
O however, entitled to the surplus revenues after payment
iº of all the necessary charges of administration. The chiefs
during the of this principality rendered valuable assistance during
mutinies. the mutinies. º
Each of the present Rajas His Highness Krishnaji Rao Puar II.,
Rights and Baba Sahib, and His Highness Narain Rao Puar, Dada
Privileges. Sahib, “are equal in rank, and have an equal share in all
receipts.” They have judicial inferior powers.
Chapter VI.-Jaora.
THIS State contains the most fertile lands for the cultivation of
poppy. Its area is 872 square miles; population 85,500 souls, and
Revenue rupees 7,99,300. The army consists of 58 artillerymen, 35
cavalry, 300 infantry, and 15 field guns.
Jaora was originally assigned to the famous freebooter Amir Khan,
for the maintenance of troops by. Maharaja Jeswant Rao Holkar, but
he at the tige of leaving Malya on his expeditions into Rajputana
Ghaffur made it over with other districts to his brother-in-law
Khan. • Ghaffur Khan, an Afghan, born in Rohilkhand.
112 The Modern History of
#. of Ghaffur Khan was present at the battle of Mahidpur in
3. Ill Ci () Uli", - tº
” which he and the army of Holkar were completely defeated.
Treaty. By the twelfth article of the treaty of Mandissor (Janu-
ary 6th 1818), Ghaffur Khan was recognised as the chief of the
districts of the Sujit, Mulhargurh, Taul, Mundaol, Jaora, Burode, &c.,
which had been granted to him by the Maharaja of Holkar. At this
time Amir Khan claimed the districts “thus granted to Ghaffur Khan,
on the ground that the latter had acted only as his agent in the maffer,
and that he was entitled to them by virtue of his engagements with the
British Government. But it was proved upon enquiry that Ghaffur
Rhan held them on his own account as a member of Holkar's adminis-
tration, and that his real dependence on Amir Khan, though the
origin of his influence at that Court, had ceased before the war of 1817.
Amir Rhan’s claim was therefore rejected.”
Ghous Mu- Ghaffur Khan died in 1825, and was succeeded by his
hammad - e
Khan. son Nawab Ghous Muhammad Khan, a minor.
During the minority of the young Nawab, the State was managed
by the elder widow of Ghaffur Rhan and her son-in-law Jehangir Khan
by order of Government. But after two years such misgovernment
occurred that “the Begam was removed from the guardianship. It
was also decided that, in the event of Ghous Muhammad's death, the
male relatives of Ghaffur Khan should succeed in preference to those
in the female line.”
Assists the Nawab Ghous Muhammad Khan rendered good Service
English dur- during the mutinies. He died in 1865, and was succeeded
ing the mu-
tinies. by his son Muhammad Ismael Khan, the present Nawab,
*mad then eleven years old. The Kamdar or minister adminis-
Rham. tered the affairs of the State during the minority of the
young Nawab ; subject to the control of the Political Agent in
Western Malwa. Meanwhile, the Nawab of Tonk half-brother to
the elder widow of the late Nawab, preferred his as well as her claims
to the throne, but they were rejected by the British Government.
His Highness Nawab Muhammad Ismael Khan Sahib Bahadur
IMeets the assumed the administration of the State in 1874. His
jº Highness the Nawab paid ifs due respects td. His Royal
Y. at Highness the Prince of Wales at Indor (March 1876);
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 113
and was present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st of
the following year on account of the assumption of the title “Empress
of India” by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. The Nawab has
been guaranteed the right of adoption, and has judicial inferior powers.
His Highness is now 25 years old, and is entitled to a
Salute. t -
salute of 13 guns.
. Hazrat Nur Khan, the minister of the State, has been created
a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India at the
Imperial Assembkage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877.
Chapter VII.-Mediatized and Minor States.
(Alphabetically arranged).
I.—B H O PA I, A G E N C Y.
O I." AGRA BURKHERA.—Population 4,219 Souls. Revenue Rupees 7,000.
This State is tributary to Sindhia. Bulwant Singh, the present Thakur, is subor-
dinate in his administration to the Political Agent. He is now 53 years of age.
II. BASOUDA.—Area 68 square miles. Population 5,440 souls. Revenue
Rupees 10,000. The army consists of eight artillerymen, 12 sowars, three guns,
and 60 policemen. This State, “is an offshoot of Mahomedgarh. In 1817, it
was seized by Sindhia, but was restored by order of the British Government, and
all connection with Gwaliar has since ceased. It pays no tribute.” The present
Nawab Amar Ali Khan, by caste a Pathan, is therefore immediately dependant on
the British Government. He is now about 50 years of age,
III. DUBLA DHIR.—Thakur Chand Singh, the present chief, aged 42 years,
receives allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, Bhopal and Dewas,
amounting to Rupees 4,250 per annum. He holds “three villages in Shuja-
walpur under the guarantee of the British Government, and pays a quit-rent of
Rupees 1,401 annually.”
IV. DUBLA GHOSI.—The present Thakur, aged 59 years, succeeded Govardhan
Singh in 1854. He receives allowances from Sindhia, Bhopal, and Dewas, aggre-
gating Rupees 5,000, and “holds a village in Shujawalpur on a quit-rent of
Rupees 1,050.” -
W. DURIA KHERI.-Thakur Ranjit Singh, the present chief, aged 46 years,
receives certain allowances from Sindhia, Dewas, and Bhopal, aggregating Rupees
O 15 O
114 The Modern History of
4,480 per annum. He holds “two villages in Shujawalpur under the guarantee
of the British Government, and pays a quit-rent of Rupees 925.”
VI. HIRAPUR.—The present Rao who is now 56 years of, age. “holds Hirapur
and Airwas on an istumrari rent of Rs. 600,” and receives allowances from Holkar,
Sindhia, and Bhopal, aggregating Rupees 6,449 per annum. -
VII. JABRIA BHIL.—The chiefs of this State are the descendants of Rajan
Rhan, brother of the notorious Pindari Chitu. The present representatives are
Madar Baksh, Mukdum Baksh, Rahim Baksh, Jamul Baksh, and Kurim Baksh.
Of these the last is a minor, and his share has been managed under the Supervision
of the Political Agent Bhopal since 1871.
VIII. JHARRA.—Dotar Singh, the adopted son of Rao Fatteh Singh, is the
present Thakur, who receives from Sindhia a tankah of Hali Rupees 1,200 a year.
IX. KAKUR KHERI.-Thakur Chand Singh, the present chief, holds a village
in Shujawalpur under British guarantee, “on a quit-rent of Rupees 175, subject to
a. deduction of 2 per cent. Or Rupees 3-8-0 on the transfer of the parganna to Sin-
dhia. He also receives a tankah of Rupees 800.”
X. KHILCHIPUR.—Area 204 square miles. Population 30,900 Souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 1,75,000. - -
His Highness Rao Amar Singh Bahadur, by caste a Khilchi Rajput, is the pre-
sent chief, who pays a tribute of Hali Rupees 13,138 to Sindhia.
š.Ama. His Highness received the title of “Rao Bahadur, from government
in April 1873, and is now about 44 years old. The Rao has judicial
inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute of 9, guns which he
received at the Delhi Darbar as a mark of personal distinction.
XI. KHURSIA.—The present Thakur who is now 51 years of age receives a
tankah of Hali Rupees 1,750 per annum from Sindhia, under an engagement
mediated in 1818. -
XII. KUMALPUR.—The present Thakur receives an allowance of Rupees
4,600 from Sindhia, and holds a village in Shujawalpur under British guarantee
on a quit-rent of Rupees 700. -
XIII. KURw AI.-Area 162 square miles. Population 16,823 Souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,00,000. The army consists of 150 foot and 40 horse.
T}alel Khan. This State was founded by Muhammad Dalel Khan and it suffered
great spoliation at the hands both of the Mahrattas and Pinda”.
Najaf Khan. The present Nawab Najaf Khan now 56 years of age, has selected
his grandson Manawar Ali Khan, son of his eldest daughter as his heir, and the
choice has been confirmed by the British Government. His Highness Nawab
Manawar Ali Manawar Ali Khan, is now about nine years of age. ** is immedi- -
3.11. ately dependant on the British Government, pays “no tribute or
tankah to any State, and holds no formal guarantee.”
Salute.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 115
XIV. MAHOMEDGARH,-Area 80 square miles. Population 2,938 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 7,000. This State “was originally part of Kurmai,” and its present
Nawab Hafiz Kuli Khan, aged 54 years, is immediately dependant on the British
Government, and pays no tribute to any State.
2&V, MAXUDANGHAR.—Area 81 square miles. Population 9,695 Souls. Iteve-
nue Rupees 31,000. The present Thakur Ragunath Singh, by caste a Khilehi
Rajput, is at present 30 years of age. •
3VI. NARSINGARH-Area 720 square miles. Population 87,800 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 4,00,000. The army consists of 24 artillerymen, 98 cavalry, 326
infantry, and nine guns.
This State is an offshoot from Rajgarh, from which it was separated in 1660.
Ajjab Singh who was minister to the chief of Rajgarh, succeeded in
obtaining such territories from him which now form the principality
of Narsingarh. In 1827, Chain Singh attacked the British Resi-
Hanwant dency at Sehor, and was killed in the contest which ensued ; and
Singh. his successor Hanwant Singh received the title of Raja from the
British Government in 1869 on account of his fidelity and good behaviour towards
the English.
Pertab Singh. His Highness Raja Pertab Singh Bahadur, by caste a Umat Rajput,
is the present Chief, who pays a tribute of Bhopali Rupees 85,000 to Holkar, and
receives a tankah of Hali Rupees 1,200 from Sindhia, and Rupees 5,101 per annum.
from Dewas.
His Highness Raja Pertab Singh Bahadur, is an intelligent and kind-hearted
prince; he is now about 30 years of age, and is entitled to a salute
of 11 guns. His Highness has judicial inferior powers.
XVII. PARON.—Raja Man Singh, the chief of this State, rebelled against the
English during the mutiny of 1857, but at last surrendered in 1859. He gave up
the rebel Tantia Topi to Colonel Meade, and received as a reward a grant of a
village in British Territory ; the revenue of which is Rs. 1,000 a year.
XVIII. PATHARI.-Area 22 Square miles. Population 4,330 souls. Revenue
Rs. 12,000. gº
Nawab Abdul Karim Khan, the present chief, is the son of Haidar Muham-
mad Khan who obtained this State from the Maharaja of Sindhia in lieu of some
villages in the Rahatgarh (1807). The Nawab attained his majority in 1873.
His Highness is fond of field-sports &c., and is now about 28 years of age.
XIX. RAJGARH.-Area 642 square miles. Population 75,742 souls. Revenue
Rs. 3,50,000. The military force consists of 240 cavalry, 360 infantry, and 12
guns with 12 artillerymen. -
Ajjab Singh.
Chain Singh.
Salute. -
This State was taken for a short.time under the management of the British
Government, But Was restored in 1856. Moti Singh, the present Rewat, by caste
O
116 The Modern History of
a Umat Rajput, professed Muhammadanism in 1871, and assumed the name of
Muhammad Muhammad Abdul Wasih Khan. In 1872, he received the tittle of
#. Wasih “Nawab’’ from the British Government. His Highness has judicial .
inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. The Nawab is
now 65 years of age.
XX. RAMGARH.--Maddan Singh, the present Thakur, aged 32 years receives
allowance from Sindhia, Holkar, Bhopal, and Dewas, aggregating Rs. 8,615 per
3,10]] Ul Iſl. -
XXI, SUTALEA-The presentiaghirdar, aged 52 years, pays a tankah of Rs. 3, 400
to the Chief of Rajgarh, in which State he holds a lease of twelve villages.
Salute.
II. —BBHOPAWUR, AGENCY.
1. ALIRAJPUR.—Area 800 square miles. Population 29,000 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 1,00,000. The army consists of 150 policemen, 21 horse, and two
field guns.
Rup Daoj The present chief His Highness Maharana Rup Daoj Bahadur,
Bahadur. by caste a Sesodia Rajput, pays an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000
to the Maharaja of Dhar. His Highness the Maharana and his minister Rai Baha-
dur Venkat Ram manage the State satisfactorily. The Maharana,
Salute. aged 32 years has judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute
of nine guns.
II. CHOTA BARKHERA or SoREPUR.—The present Bhumia Bhowani Singh
holds several villages, and pays tribute to the Maharaja of Dhar. "He is now about
48 years of age. -
III. JHABUA.—Area 1,500 Square miles. Population 55,000 souls, chiefly
Bhils; and Revenue Rupees 2,25,000. The army consists of 200 foot and 50 horse.
The Rajas of Jhabua were descended from the royal family of Jodhpur.
One of the ancestors of the present Raja Gopal Singh, by caste a
Rahtor Rajput, rendered good Service during the mutiny. His
Highness Raja Gopal Singh Bahadur manages the State satisfactorily being assisted
by Jowalla Pershad an experienced man. His Highness the Raja,
aged 37 years, has judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute
Gopal Singh.
Salute.
of 11 guns.
IV. JoBAT.-Area 200 square miles. Population 8,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 17,000. -
The present Thakur Rana Sarup Singh, by caste a Rahtor Rajput, is an off-
shoot from Jodhpur. He has agreed to cede such land as may be required for a
railway passing through his territories. His Highness the Rana is now 13 years
of age, and is prosecuting his studies at the Residency Rajkumar College, Indor.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamāndars, &c. 117
V, KALI. BoARI—Revenue Rupees 12,000. The present Bhumia. Sher Singh,
by caste a Bhil, hēlds several villages; pays tribute to Dhar and gets certain allow-
ances for protecting the district of Dharampuri from Tobberies. He also receives
an allowance from Sindhia, for the village of Bikanir. His Highness the Bhumia
is prosecuting his studies at the Residency Rajkumar College, Indor, and is now
about 16 years old. Fº
VI. MOTA BARKHERA.--Thakur Barad Singh, by caste a Rajput, holds several
villages, and pays tribute to the Maharajas of Sindhia and Dhar. He is now 44
years old.
VII. NIMKHERA OR TIRLA.—The present Bhumia Dariou Singh, by caste a
Bhil, was adopted by Kannak Singh. He holds the village of Tirka in hereditary
succession, and pays certain tribute to Dhar. His Highness Bhumia Dariou Singh
is prosecuting his studies at time Residency Rajkumar College, Indor, and is now
16 years old.
III.- D H A R A G E N C Y.
Ie BATSOLA OR DATRI.-Thakur Bhum Singh, the adopted nephew of the
late Hamir Singh, pays a tribute of Rupees 2,501 to the Maharaja of Dhar. He
s by caste a Rajput, and is about 46 years of age.
II. BAKHTGARH.—Revenue Rupees 60,000. The present Thakur Pertab
Singh, by castë a Rajput, is now prosecuting his studies at the Residency Raj-
kumar College, Indor. His Highness is now 18 years of age.
III. BARWANI.-Area 2,000 square miles. Population 33,020 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 87,700. The chiefs of this State are descended from the ancient family
of Chitor and are Sesodiya Rajputs. The present chief His High-
Jeswant Singh. - & e e
ness Rana Jeswant Singh, aged 46 years, is entitled to a salute of 9
Salute.
guns.
IV. KACHI BARODA—The present Thakur Dalel Singh, by caste a Rajput,
was adopted by the widow of the late Bhagwant Singh. He pays a tribute of
Rupees 9,459 to the Maharaja of Dhar. His age is now about 42 years.
W. MATWAR.——Revenue Rupees 3,700. The present chief Rana Ranjit
Singh, by caste a Rajput, pays a tribute of Rupees 16,502, to the Maharaja of
Dhar. His Highness is prosecuting his studies at the Residency Rajkumar
College, Indor, and is about 16 years of age.
VI. MULTAN.—The present Thakur Dalpat Singh succeeded his father Sewai
Singh in 1852. His Highness pays a tribute of Hali Rupees 18,044 to the Maha-
raja of Dhar, and is about 42 years of age,
118 The Modern History of
Iv.–G W A L I A R A G E N C Y.
I. BARODA OR SHEOPUR. —Raja Balwant Singh, by easte a Rajput, was a
vassal of Sindhia, who held twelve villages. Raja Balwant Singh was succeeded
by his son Runwar Singh, the present Raja, aged 19 years only.
II. BHADOURA.—This grant was made to Raja Man Singh in 1820 by Maha-
raja Daolat Rao Sindhia. Mohan Singh, the present Thakur, holds several
villages in quit-rent tenure and pays half of their revenue to the Maharaja of
Sindhia.
III. BURRA.--Thakur Rao Niwal Singh receives a tankha of Rupees 1,200
from the Maharaja of Holkar and Rupees 4,200 from the Maharaja of Sindhia.
IV. KHALTOUN. --This grant of three villages was made to the Thakurs
Bhim. Singh, Pirthi Singh, Ram Chander Singh, and Chanderbans in 1825 through
the mediation of the British Government for the purpose of protecting the high
road and serving the Government faithfully. Revenue of this petty State is
IRupees 4,000. tº
V. NARWAR.—The present Raja Man Singh, aged 50 years, possesses under
Sindhia, the district of Parone and six villages. He “joined the rebels during
the mutiny, but surrendered in 1859, on condition of a free pardon, and a suitable
maintenance being granted to him. His former possessions were consequently
restored to him under guarantee.”
VI. RAGUGARH.—The Rajas of Ragugarh belong to the Chuan race, called
Raichi.
In 1819, Sindhia, through the interference of the British Government made
over to the chief the town and fort of Ragugarh with lands yielding an income
of a lakh of Rupees, but in 1843, Sindhia raised some objections about its man-
agement, and the territory was divided according to a new engagement amongst
the three representatives of the family, viz., Bijai Singh, Chattar Lal, and Ajit
Singh. The first Bijai Singh, aged about 50 years, holds 52 villages the revenue of
Which is Rupees 15,000; the second Chattar Lal possessed 32 villages revenue of
Which is Rupees 9,000 ; and the third Ajit Singh held 120 villages yielding a
revenue of Rupees 24,000.
Chattar Lal was succeeded by his son Thakur Mangal Singh, and Ajit Singh
left his share to his son Jaimandal Singh, the present Raja ; who administers his
State well, and has erected a new Serai on the Bombay and Agra Road at the
Village of Bansulay for the public good.
VII. SIRSI.--Dewau Bljey Bahadur receives three-fourths of the revenue of
the district of Sirsi from the Maharaja of Sindhia on condition of discharging the
duties honestly and reducing the Grassias, &c., to obedience, Q
O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 119
.’ V.-INDOR CENTRAL AGENCY.
O -
I. BAGHL.I.-Area 300 square miles. Population 18,000 souls. Revenue
Rs. 65,000. Gokul Das, the founder of this State, by caste a Rahtor Bajput, was
originally a servant of the Nawabs of Bhopal, but afterwards a dependant of both
Holkar and Sindhia. His Highness Thakur Raghu Nath Singh, the present
chief, is prosecuting his studies at the Residency Rajkumar College, Indor, and is
about 20 years old. -
II. PAI. —Hari. Singh, the present Thakur, pays to the Indor Darbar, an
annual sum of Rs. 52-10-0 on account of Sirdesmuki dues, and gets annually a
sum of Rs. 750 to maintain the security of the Simral Pass. He is now about
49 years of age.
III. B.H.O.J A KHERI.-The present chief, Girwur Singh, grandson of Durjan
Singh, pays to Kota an annual sum of Rs. 100 on account of the village Sidra.
He is now about 69 years of age.
IV, DHAWRA. KUNJARA.—The present chiefs,” Badie Chand, aged 44; Bhima
aged 32 ; Somlia, aged 29; and Lachman, aged 19 years; receive certain allowances
from thee Indor Darbar for the protection of the roads, situated between Simral
Ghat and sigwar.
V. DHUNGONG. --This State is under the jurisdiction of the Chief Commis-
sioner, Central Provinces. The present chief, Hamir Singh, grandson of Nahal
Singh, holds thity-six villages from Sindhia in Hurda and Hindia, subject to a
payment of Rs. 1,001. He also receives Rs. 1,484 from Sindhia, and Rs. 56 from
Holkar. *
VI. KARODIA.—The Thakurs received the village of Khairi Rajpura from
Sindhia in 1838. The present Thakurs are Chattar Singh, Umaid Singh, Unkar
Singh, Tej Singh, and Zalim Singh, who receive tankahs or allowances from Sindhia,
Holkar, and Bhopal.
VII. KAYTHA.—Sheodan Singh, son of Durjan Lal, is the present Thakur ; who
receives Rs. 1,427 a year from Dewas. He is now 33 years of age.
VIII. KHURSI JHALARIA.— The present Thakurs Moti Singh, son of Surup
Singh, aged 52 years; and Datar Singh, son of Fatteh Singh, aged 42 years;
receive annually Rs. 1,750 from Sindhia, and Rs. 225 from Dewas.
IX. MAYNE,--The present chiefs, Umaida, aged 49 ; Lalchand aged 36; and
Padma, aged 42 years; hold two villages from the Holkar State on rent, and are
responsible for all robberies, &c. for which they receive Rs. 50 per mensem.
X. PATHARIA.—The present Thakur, Unkar Singh, aged 66 years ; holds one
village on a quit-rent of 701 Rupees... • His family house is at Karodia.
120 The Modern History of
XI. PHUNGAT—The Thakur holds Phungat and 12 villages from the British
Government on payment of Rs. 401 per annum, but they are under the jurisdic-
tion of the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces. O O
XII. PITH ARI.-Pirthi Singh, a descendant of Mahbat Singh, is the present
Thakur, aged 48 years. He holds four villages under the Maharajas of Sindhia,
Holkar, and Dewas, and receives allowances from each of them.
XIII. B AGU GAR.H.-The present Thakur, a descendant of Zalim Singh, holds a
village from Sindhia, and receives an allowance of Rs. 1,500 from the two chiefs.of
Dewas.
YIV. SINGHANA.—Thakur Duriau Singh, the present chief, holds as a life
grant three villages, and pays a tankah of Rs. 240 to the British Government and
Rs. 56 to Holkar. He is now about 23 years af age.
XV. To NK.—Nirpat Singh, the present Thakur, holds 500 Bigas of land in
Parganna Tonk, and the village of Murmia in Parganna Unchode from the Maha-
raja of Sindhia. “He also holds under a sannad from Holkar six Bigas of
inam land in Parganna Indor,” and receives tankahs or allowances from the Maha-
rajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and Dewas, amounting to Rs. 9,140 per annum. He is
now 38 years of age. *}.
VI.—MALWA AGENCY (WESTERN).
I. AJRAODA.—Daolat Singh, the present Thakur gets allowances from the
Maharajas of Sindhia and Holkar. He is about 35 years old.
II. BARDIA.—The present Rao Dhokal Singh receives allowances from the
Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and Dewas. He is now about 31 years of age.
III. BICHROD.—The present Thakur Ratan Singh receives allowances from
the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and Dewas. He is about 23 years of age.
IV. BILODA.—Jeswant Singh, the present Thakur holds in quit-rent tenure
the village of Biloda under Holkar, for which he pays Rupees 471 annually and
eceives allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, and Holkar. He is now 25
years of age.
V. DABRI. —The present Thakur is aged 49 years. He gets an allowance
from Sindhia on Oogein and Pan Behar.
VI, DRULATIA.--Futteh Singh, the present Thakur, holds lands in the dis-
tricts of Mahidpur and Depalpur, and receives allowances from the Maharajas of
Sindhia and Holkar. He is about 15 years old.
VII. DUTANA.--Pirthi Singh, the present Thakur receives an allowance
from the Maharaja of Sindhia, and is about 31 years of age.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 121
VIII. JoWASEA.——Bhyri Singh, the present Thakur, possesses several villages
and gets tankal's or, allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and
Dewas for superintendence over them. He is now 47 years old.
IX. KALUKHIRA.—The present Rao, aged 49 years, receives tankahs or allow-
ances from the Maharajas of Sindhia and Holkar.
X. LALGARH.—Lachman Singh, the present Thakur, holds several villages
and receives allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and Dewas. He
is at present 53 years of age. º
XI. NAOGONG—The present Thakur receives an allowance from the Maha-
raja of Sindhia, and is about 45 years old. O
XII. NARWAR.—The Thakur holds the villages of Narwar, Mochakheri, and
Gumri under Sindhia, and gets allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar,
and Dewas. & -
XIII. NOWLAN.A.--Bhuggoti Singh, the present Thakur holds several villages
in jaghir, and receives tankalls or allowances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, and
Holkar. He is about 29 years of age.
XIV. PEPLODA.—Area 60 square miles. Population 8,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,10,000. Thakur Duli Singh, the present chief, holds several villages in
Malawa; receives tankah from Dewas, and pays a tribute of Salim Sahi Rupees
28,000 to the Nawab of Jaora. He was present at the Delhi Darbar, held on the
1st January 1877, and is now 29 years of age. .*
XV. PIPLIA.—The present Thakur Unkar Singh gets allowances from the
Maharajas of Sindhia and Holkar. He is about 53 years of age.
XVI. PUNTH PIPLODA.—Junardin Wasadeo, the present Thakur, receives
the tribute of ten villages in the district of Mundaval and Soubah of Mandissor,
and furnishes reports of crime to the Political Agent.
XVII. RATLAM.–Area 1,200 square miles. Population 100,000 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 5,80,000. Tribute Salim Sahi Rupees 84,000. The army consists of
58 artillerymen, 35 cavalry, 300 infantry, and five field guns. His Highness
Raja Ranjit Singh Bahadur, by caste a Rahtor Rajput, is a descend-
- ant of Ratna, the seventh son of Udai Singh, Maharaja of Jodhpur
or Marwar, to whom the State was granted by the Emperor Shah Jehan. In
Meets the January 1876, His Highness the Raja paid his respects to His Royal
Prince of Highness the Prince of Wales at Indor. His Highness was also
"*** present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January.
1877. His Highness Raja Ranjit Singh Bahadur is prosecuting his studies at the
Residency Rajkumar College, Indor, and has judicial inferior powers. His High-
ness is now 19 years of age, and is entitled to a salute of 13 guns.
The State is now under the management of the British Government.
Mir Shahamat Ali Khan Bahadur, C.S.I., is the able superintendent of the
State.
Ranjit Singh.
Salute.
16
122 The Modern History of
XVIII. SHEOGARH.-Mati "Singh, the present Thakur, gets tankahs or allow-
ances from the Maharajas of Sindhia, and Holkar. He is now 22-years of age.
XIX. SILLANA.—Area 500 square miles. Population 27,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,21,400. Tribute Salim Sahi Rupees 42,000. The army consists of 18
artillerymen, 120 foot, 50 horse, and three field guns. *
This State was originally a part of Ratlam from which it was separated in
Duli Singh, 1709. His Highness Raja Duli Singh Bahadur, by caste a Rahtor .
Rajput, is descended from Jai Singh, grandson of Chattar Sal, Raja
of Ratlam. His Highness the Raja takes an active interest in the administration
of his State, but has lately suffered from the “amputation of a leg affected with
cancer.” His Highness aged 41 years has judicial inferior powers,
Salute. and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns.
XX. SITAMAU.-Area 350 square miles. Population 29,400 souls. Itevenue .
Rupees 1,50,000. The army consists of 200 foot, 50 horse, and six guns. His
Highness Raja Bhawani Singh, the present chief, by caste a Rahtor :
Rajput, is also descended from the chiefs of Ratlam. His Highness
the Raja pays a tribute of Rupees 5,000 to Sindhia through Imperial Treasury.
His Highness remained faithful during the mutiny of 1857, and received as a
reward a dress of honour from the British Government. The Raja is
Salute. now about 43 years of age, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns.
Bhowani Singh.
VII. N I M A R A G E N C Y. *
I. BARTDPURA.—Bhumia Udai Singh, grandson of Mandrup Singh, holds
*hree villages from Dhar, and receives an allowance for protecting the district of
Dhurmpuri from robbers.
II. CHANDGARH.—Revenue Rupees 800. Raja Sirdar Singh, holds seventeen
villages as a jaghir from the Maharaja Sindhia, but they are at present under the
jurisdiction of the Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces.
III. GHURRI OR BHAISA KHERI.-Bhumia Nahar Singh, a descendant of
Hatteh Singh, holds certain villages in Dharampuri, and is responsible for all rob-
beries effected in them. He is now 35 years of age. -
IV. JAMNIA OR DABIR.—Revenue Rupees 15,000. Bhumia Hamir Singh, son
of Moti Singh, by caste a Bhil, receives tankahs or allowances from the Maharajas
of Sindhia, Holkar, and Dhar for several districts and villages, and pays a certain
amount of tribute to the two former. He is answerable for robberies in a portion
of the Dharampuri districts. His Highness Hamir Singh is prosecuting his studies
at the Residency Rajkumar College, Indor, and is now 24 years of age. -
W. JUMTI. —The Turvis hold a village from the Maharaja of Sindhia, yielding
an annual income of Rs. 1,900, and they pay ho tankah or nazzarań.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 123
VI. RAJGARH.—Bhumia Chain Singh, aged 40 years, receives a small allowance
from the Maharaja of Hólkar for Hashpur. He pays Rs. 101 to the Maharaja
of Dhar for a village’in Dharampuri, and receives from him Rs. 500 to protect a
portion of that district from robberies. -
VII. SILLANT AND BAKHTGARH.—The Thakurs receive tankahs or allowances
from the Maharajas of Sindhia, Holkar, and the British Government in accord-
ance with an agreement made with them in 1826. They furnish reports of crime
to the Political Agent in Nimar. : -
VIII-9THER PETTY CHIEFS AND NOBLEs.
I. BAMRA.—Area 1,988 square miles. Population 53,613 souls. Revenue
Rs. 6,000. Raja Sadhal Deo, by caste a Gangabansi Rajput, is the present chief.
He is 31 years old. y * * * * • * * *
II. BASTAR.—Area 13,000 square miles. . Population 78,856 souls. Revenue
Rs. 92,135. Raja Bhairo Deo, by caste a Rajput, is the present chief. He is 36
years old. * .
III. KANKER. —Area 1000 square miles. Population 43,552 souls. Revenue
Rs. 15,000. Raja Narhar Deo, by caste a Rajput, is the present chief. He is 30
years ºld. - -
IV. KAWARDA.—Area 887 Square miles. Population 75,462 souls. Revenue
53,560. Rajpal Singh, by caste a Raj Gond, is the present chief. He is 29 years
old. O -
V. KHAIRAGHAR.—Area 940 square miles. Population 122,264 souls.
Revenue Rs. 1.17,635. The late Raja, Lal Fateh Singh, by caste a Rajgdad,
was deposed, * . * * * .." , - r - -
VI. Kondka.-Area 174 square miles. Population 29,590 souls. Revenue
Rs. 22,032. Mahant Lachmandas, a Bairagi, is the present chief. He is 68
years old. - - - - * G
VII. MAKRAI.-Area 215 Square miles. Population 13,648 souls. Revenue
Rs. 22,000. Raja Lachu Shah, alias Bharat Shah, by caste a Gond, is the present
chief. He is 30 years of age. - - - -- : -
VIII. NANDGAON.—Area 884 square miles. Population 148,554 souls.
* Revenue Rs. 90,097. Mahant Ghasi Das, a Bairagi, is the present chief. He is
now 59 years old. • *
IX. PATNA.—Area 2,399 square miles. Population 98,636 Souls... Revenue
Rs. 25,000. Raja Sur Pratap Deo, by caste a Rajput, is the present chief. He is
35 years old. * -
- X. RAIGHAR.—Area 1,486 square miles. Population 63,304 souls. Revenue
Rs. 7,500. Raja Ghanagam Singh, by caste a Gond, is the present chief. He is
e
now 55 years of age. - * - O
124 The Modern History of
XI. RAIRAKHOL.-Area 833 square miles. Population 12,660 souls. Revenue
Rs. 6,000. Raja Bishen Chandar Janamum, by caste a Jamuni Rajput, is the
present chief. He is 60 years old. •
XII. SARANGHAR.—Area 540 square miles. Population 37,091 souls. Re-
venue Rs. 8,000. Raja Bhawani Pratap Singh, by caste a Raj Gond, is the pre-
sent chief. He is now 14 years old.
XIII. SAKTI.—Area 115 square miles. Population 8,394 souls. Revenue
Rs. 8,131. Raja Ranjit Singh, by caste a Gond, is the present chief. He is now
46 years old.
XIV. SöNPUR.—Area 1,000 square miles. Population 130,713 souls. Re-
venue Rs. 18,000. Raja Niladri Singh Deo, by caste a Chauhan Rajput, is the
present chief. He is now 40 years-old.
SECTION IV.-BUNDELKEIAND.
Chapter I.-Rewa.
THIS principality lies to the south of the districts of Allahabad
and Mirzapur, and is inhabited by a race, called Bhagelas. Its area is
13,000 square miles; population 2,035,000 souls, and revenue rupees
25,00,000. The army consists of 2,000 infantry, 905 cavalry, and 35
guns.
The princes of Rewa claim their descent from Bilagar Deo or
Farly Biag Deo, the founder of the Bhagela family, who left his
history. own State in the Dekhan in A. D. 580 on a religious pil-
grimage, but subsequently occupied the fort of Marpha, and the coun-
tries situated from Kalpi to Chandalghar. He was succeeded by his
son Karan Deo, in 615, who largely enhanced his possessions. Karan
Deo was followed by nineteen chiefs during the course of about 1,003
years. - * *.
Vikrama- Vikramaditya, who became Raja in 1618, may be pro-
ditya. perly styled the founder of the city of Rewa, as he first
Followed by made it his capital, and built a strong fort there. He was
five princes. succeeded by Amar Sin ga, Anup Singh, Bhao Singh, Anrud
Singh, and Abdut Singh in whose reign, Hardi Shah, chief of Panna,
*.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 125
invaded Rewa, but was repulsed with the aid of the Emperor of Delhi.
Ajit singh. Abdut Singh was followed by Ajit Singh and Jai Singh Deo.
Jai Singh During the reign of the latter, engagements were first
T]eo. entered into with the English. In 1803, Raja Jai Singh
Deo refused to accept British protection which was proposed to him after
the conclusion of the treaty of Bassein. In 1818, a body of Pindaris
invaded the British district of Mirzapur through the Rewa territory,
and the Raja was believed to have been complicated in this act of hosti-
concludes lity. He was therefore called upon to accede tº a treaty, by
§. which, the British Government acknowledged him as the
Sovereign of his dominions, and bound itself to extend its
protection towards him ; the Raja, on the contrary, was required to
refer all disputes with neighbouring chiefs to British arbitration; to
permit British troops to march through or be stationed within his terri-
tories; and to deliver up criminals and defaulters who abscond and take
His miscon- refuge within his State. Raja Jai Singh Deo could not
duct. however fulfil his obligations. He seized a body of British
troops passing through his territories, and attempted to reduce them
by starvation. Fresh troops were at once sent to enforce the execution
of the engagements, and the Raja without making any defence submit-
ted to the British Government. A second treaty was how-
ever made on the 2nd June 1813, “ confirming the previous
treaty, and defining more clearly the Raja’s relations with the British
Government.” Raja Jai Singh Deo abdicated the throne
Fresh treaty.
Bishonath
Singh. in favour of his son Bishonath Singh. Raja Bishonath
Raghurai Singh died in 1834, and was succeeded by his son Raghuraj
Singh. Singh, the present Maharaja.
His Highness Maharaja Raghuraj Singh abolished Satti through-
Assist, the out his dominions (1847), and rendered distinguished ser–
English dur- vices during the mutiny of 1857, for which, the districts of
* * Sohagpur and Amarkuntak were conferred on him in sove-
reignty. In 1864, His Highness the Maharaja was invested
with the insignia of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. In
1868, His Highness appointed as his minister Raja Sir Dinkar Rao,
O
126 The Modern Illstory of
, K C.S.I., who received the title of “Raja Mushir i-Khas Bahadur” at the
...Delhi Darbar, as a mark of personal distinction. •
His Highness Maharaja Sir Raghupaj Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I.,
- '. offered his due respects to His Royal Highness the Prince
Meets the
ºne ºf of Wales at Calcutta on the 23rd December 1875," and the
3. Prince on the following day paid him a return visit. His
Highness was also present at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, on account of the assumption
of the title “Empress of India” by Her Most Gracrous Majesty the
Increase of Queen. On this grand occasion His Highness received an
Salute. increase of salute from 17 to 19 guns.
IHis Highness the Maharaja is now 45 years of age, and has judicial
powers of life and death.
Chapter II.-Urcha or Tehri. • .
THIS principality is situated on the north of Saugor. It stands
first in rank among all the territories in Bundelkhand as it never
acknowledged the supremacy of the Peishwa. It has an area of 2,000
square miles. Population 195,000 souls. Revenue Rupees 9,00,000.
Early The princes of Tehri are Bundela Rajputs. They are
history. said to have been descended from Ram Chandar, the king
of Ayodhia (Oudh). Some of his descendants, Gungrakh, Buldeo Rakh,
and Indradaman built respectively the temples at Gya (Behar); at
Pryag (Allahabad); and at Jaggarnath (Orissa).
Kurmshya the thirty-fourth Raja in lineal descent conquered
Pertab Rudra, Benares, and the sixtieth, Raja Pertab Rudra, founded the
the 19*. city of Urcha which he afterwards entrusted to his son
Madhukar. Madhukar who was contemporaneous with the Emperor
Akbar, and was famous for his justice, power and charity. Madhukar
Namingh had two sons Ramasa, and Narsingh Deo ; the former was
Deo. entrusted with the Government of Ayodhia, and the latter
to that of Urcha.
O ©
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 127.
In the reign of Champat Rae, the sixty-eighth prince ;-
Shah Jehan twice invaded Bundelkhand, but he could do nothing.
Champat Champat Rae afterwards co-operated with Aurangzib in the
Rae. º º - º t
contest against his brother Dara, accompanied by his son
His career: Chattar Sal, then only 19 years old, By the valuable assist-
ance rendered by both the father and son, Aurangzib became victorious.
The Emperor Aurangzib soon forgot these services and sent an
army into Bundelkhand after the death of Champat Rae for the
purpose of converting the Bundelas into Islamism. Aſ this time-
Chattar Sal. Chattar Sal was serving at Dekhan under the Raja of Jaipur.
Conquers a He soon returned to his country, and after the death
*...* of Aurangzib reconquered the greater part of Bundelkhand
of Bundel-
khand. from the Muhammadans. -
Vikramajit During the reign of Raja Vikramajit Mohendar, the
Mohendār British Government entered Bundelkhand, and concluded
with him a treaty of friendship and defensive alliance
on "23rd December 1812. When this prince presented a nazzar
to the Marquis of Hastings in 1818, he remarked “that it was
the first time a Raja of Urcha had ever acknowledged the supremacy
of another power.” Vikramajit died in 1834, and his son Dharm Pal
- having died before him without issue ; he was succeeded by
Tej Singh. his brother Tej Singh. This prince died in 1842 before
Surjun Singh. adopting Surjun Singh, his cousin's son. At this time,
Tarrai Rºni, Tarrai Rani, widow of Dharm Pal preferred her claims to
* adopt another successor to the State. The British Govern-
- ment acknowledged the adoption of Surjan Singh as his
claims having been considered well founded by the neighbouring chiefs;
the Rani being only appointed to act as regent during the minority of
the young Raja. Tarrai Rani, during her regency, prohibited Sati in
Her services I847, and rendered valuable assistance during the mutiny of
during the 1857, for which a tribute of Rupees 3,000 was remitted by
mutiny. the British Government.
Surjun Singh died a few months after he had assumed the admi-
mistration of Government, and his widow with the advice of the
O r e -
128 The Modern History of
Hamir principal chiefs adopted Hamir Singh, a . collateral rela-
Singh. tion of the family. Hamir Singh died in March 1874, and
-- º was succeeded by his younger brother Pertab Singh, the
lingh.
present Maharaja. O
His Highness Maharaja Mohendar Pertab Singh Bahadur was
present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877, on account of the assumption of the title “Empress of Indić,”
by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. On this grand occasion
Increase of His Highness received an increase of salute from 15 to 17
salute. guns. His Highness the Maharaja has judicial powers of
life and death, and is at present 25 years of age.
Chapter III.—Dattia.
THIS State is famous for its sword hilts and spear-heads. Its area
is 820 square miles; population 180,000 souls; and revenue Rupees
10,00,000. The military force consists of 700 cavalry, 3,040 infantry,
160 gunners, and 97 guns. *.
The chiefs of Dattia belong to the same stock as those of Urcha
or Tehri. Dattia was separated from the frincipality of
Dattia taken . **. tº - º
under British Tehri about the year 1735, and it came under the suzerainty
P* of the British Government after the treaty of Bassein
Rao Raja (1802-3). On March 15, 1804, a treaty of defensive alliance
Parichit. was concluded with Rao Raja Parichit; the then ruler of
the country. -
Soon after the deposition of Peishwa in 1817, a tract of land on
the east of the river Sindh was added to Dattia as a reward for the
strong attachment of the Raja to the British Government, and a fresh
treaty was accordingly made with him in 1818. Raja Parichit died in
Bijai Baha- 1839, having previously adopted Bijai Bahadur, a foundling
dur. whose succession was recognised by the British Government
in spite of all the oppositions made by Dewan Maddam Singh of Barowni.
Bijai Bahadur died in 1857, and was succeeded by his adopted son,
Bhowani Bhowani Singh, the present Maharaja. This selection
Singh. wounded the heart of Urjure Singh, the illegitimate son of
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 137
distinction. Rao Anurud Singh maintains a force of 250 foot soldiers, and is at
present 41 years of age.
(f.) TIRAON.—e Area 12 square miles. Population 3,000 souls. Revenue
Choubey Rs. 11,000. The share of Gya Pershad is now held by Choubey
*j. Uhattarbhuj, son of Ham Uhand, who maintains an army of 8U
infantry, and is about 16 years old.
XVI. KANYADHANA.—Area 84 square miles. Population 8,000 Souls
Tevenue Rs. 20,000. This jaghir originally formed part of the Urcha or Tehri
State. Raja Goman Singh, first received a sannad from the British
Government. He died in 1870 leaving the jaghir to his son Chattar
chattar singh. Singh, now 11 years old. Raja Chattar Singh maintains an army of
160 foot soldiers. His Highness was present at the Imperial Assem-
blage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, and received the title of “Raja” as
a mark of personal distinction and honour.
XVII, KOTI.—Area 100 square miles. Population 30,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 65,000. - l
Lal Duniapat. This jaghir was formerly a feudatory of Panna. Lal Duniapat, a
- Baghella Rajput, -received a sannad from the British Government in
1810, making him directly dependant on the British Government. He was suc-
Li Ubdat ceeded by his son Lal Ubdat Singh, who received the privilege of
Singh. adoption. ~
Goman Singh.
Rais Rang Baº Rais Rang Bahadur Singh, the present jaghirdar is now about
hadur Singh. 5t) years of age.
XVIII. LOG ASSI.-Area 40 square miles. Population 5,000 Souls, Revenue
Rupees 10,000.
Dhiraj Singh. This is an offshoot from Panna, and its founder Dewan Dhiraj
Singh was the grandson of Hardi Sah. Dhiraj Singh received a
Sannad from the British Government in 1808, by which he was maintained in his
possession of seven villages on condition of allegiance. Dhiraj Singh, on account
of the infirmities of his old age abdicated the jaghir in favour of his
Sirdar Singh. Second son Sirdar Singh in 1814, and died after four years.
Assists the Sirdar Singh, for his services during the mutiny of 1857, received
jºins as a reward, “the title of Rao Bahadur, a jaghir of Rupees 2,000 a
y .
year, a dress of houour worth Rupees 10,000, and the privilege of
Hira Singh. adoption.” He was succeeded by his grandson Hira Singh, and who,
Khet Singh. in April 1872 by his Sou Rao Bahadur Khet Singh, the present jaghir-
dar. He is now 23 years of age.
XIX. MAIHIR.—Area 400 square miles. Population 70,000 souls. Revenue
Rupees 80,000. • *
The founder of this family by caste a Jogi, was descended from a dependant
of the Rajas of Rewa, and received the grant of Maihir from the Rajas of Panna
in recqnition of his good and faithful services under them.
18
138 The Modern History of
:->
Turjan Singh. Thakur Durjafi Singh was confirmed in his possession in 1806 by
the British Government, and received from them a revised sannad
in 1814. After his death in 1826, the State was equally divided by
º the British Government amongst his two sons, Bishen Singh and
Das. Prayag Das. The former held the district of Maihir, and the latter
that of Bijiragogarh.
Surjupershad. During the mutiny of 1857, Surjupershad, son of Prayag Das,
rebelled against the English, and his estate Bijiragogarh was therefore
confiscated in 1858. *
At the request of Bishen Singh, son of Thakur. Durjan Singh, the
State of Maihir was taken under British management in 1849. Bishen
Mohan Prashad. Singh was succeeded by his son Mohan Prashad in 1850, and he in
Raghbir Singh, 1852, by his son Raghbir Singh, the present Raja. This prince was
educated at the Government College of Agra. His Highness, aged 29 years,
Salute. has judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns
which he received at the Imperial semblage, held at Delhi on the
1st January 1877, as a mark of personal distinction.
XX. NIAGAON REBAI.-Area 16 Square miles. Population 4,000 souls.
Revenue Rupees 10,000. " .
Lachman Singh, a descendant of one of the banditti leaders of Bun-
delkhand, received a sannad from the British Government for five
Jaggat Singh. villages in 1807. He was succeeded by his son Jaggat Singh in 1808,
who received the right of adoption. Larli Duleiyā, is the present
jaghirdarin, aged 39 years only. She maintains a military force of
Bishen Singh.
Lachman Singh.
Larli Duleiya.
50 men.
XXI. PANNA.—This hilly State is highly famous for its diamond mines.
Area 2,555 square miles. Population 183,000 souls. Revenue Rupees 5,00,000.
The tribute is estimated at Rupees 9,955 on account of the districts of Seorajpur
and Ektowa. The army consists of 250 cavalry, and 2,440 infantry with 19 guns,
and 60 artillerymen.
Hardi Shah, one of the distinguished sons of Chattar Sal, held an
extensive territory yielding annually Rupees 38,46,123, but it was
dismembered on account of the internal and external wars during the latter part
Kishor Singh. of the last century. Raja Kishor Singh, was the chief of Panna
when the English occupied Bundelkhand. He received a sannad
from the British Government in 1807 on his executing a deed of allegiance. Raja
Kishor Singh was expelled from Panna on account of his misconduct, and Harbans
Hardi Shah.
Rao was appointed regent. “Kishor Singh died in exile in 1834. Harbansi Rao
having no children, was succeeded in 1849, by his brother Nirpat
Nirpat Singh. & gº
Singh.” This prince assisted the English during the mutiny of 1857,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 139
and “received the privilege of adoption, a dress of honour worth Rupees 20,000,
and a salute of 11 guns.” Maharaja Nirpat Singh was succeeded by his eldest son
sº Pertab Rudar Pertab Singh, the present chief. This prince met His Royal
Meets the Highness the Prince of Wales at Calcutta on the 23rd December
rºle 1875, and was present at the Grand Chapter of the Star of India on
the 1st January 1876; on which occasion he was invested by the
Prince in person with the insignia of a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India.
His Highness Maharaja Sir Rudar Pertab Singh Bahadur, K.C.S.I., was also
present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, and
º of received an increase of salute from 11 to 13 guns. *The Maharaja,
aged 32 years, is an amateur photographer. He has judicial inferior
powers,
XXII. SOHAWAL.-Area 300 square miles. Population 50,000 souls.
Revenue Rupees 70,000. -
Rais Lal Aman Rais Lal Aman Singh, a descendant of the Rajas of Rewa, was
Singh. confirmed in his possession by the British Government, and a sannad
was granted to him on the 18th July 1809. -
Rais Lal Sher Rais Lal Sher Jang Bahadur, the present chief, was educated at
Jarºg Bahadur. -
the Government College, Benares. He is now 28 years old.
XXIII. SURILA.—Area 35 Square miles. Population 6,000 souls. Revenue
Itupees 30,000. O The army consists of four guns, 40 cavalry, and 200 infantry and
police.
This family is descended from Jaggat Raj, the second son of
Chattar Sal.
Tej Singh. Raja Tej Singh, great grandson of Jaggat Raj, was confirmed in
his possessions by the British Government, and received a sannad in
Anrodh Singh. 1807. Raja Tej Singh was followed by his son Aurodh Singh, and
Hindupat Singh he by his son Hindupat Singh who received the right of adoption,
Khalak Singh. Hindupat was succeeded by Khallak Singh, the present Raja, who was
adopted from a collateral branch. Owing to the minority of Raja Khallak Singh
who is now 17 years old, the State is at present managed by his mother. His
Highness Raja Khallak Singh Bahadur received the title of “Raja Bahadur” at the
Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877.
XXIV. UCHERA AND NAGOD.—Area 450 square miles. Population 75,000
souls. Revenue Rupees 1,50,000. - -
Tal Sheoraj Raja Lal Sheoraj Singh first received a sannad from the British
Singh. Government in 1809, confirming him in the possession of his State.
Jaggat Raj.
I3albhadar He died in 1818, and was succeeded by his son Balbhadar Singh,
Singh. ," who was deposed in 1831, for the murder of his brother.”
1 40 The Modern History of
Raghubind Balbhadar Singh was succeeded by his son Raghubind Singh,
Singh. during whose minority the State was temporarily administered by
the Iğritish Government. Raja Raghubind Singh was installcrl on the Gaddi on
his attaining majority in 1838, but he soon became so much involved in debt that at
his own request the State was again taken under British administration in 1844.
£º: º The Raja rendered good service during the mutiny of 1857, and
tºnglish Cluring e * e
the mutiny. received as a reward the grant of a jaghir from the confiscated estate
of Bijiragogarh. The administration of the estates was again made
over to him in 1865. He died in 1874, leaving the State to his son, Jadhu Bhind
#. Bhind Singh, the present chief. This prince is now 44 years old, and is
Salute. erftitled to a salute of 9 guns which he received at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, as a mark of
personal dictinction. His Highness Raja Jadhu Bhind Singh Bahadur has judicial
inferior powers.
SECTION W.—W E S T E R N IN D I A .
Chapter I.-Baroda.
THIS large principality known as Baroda, or the dominions of the
Gaikwar, has an area of 4,399 Square miles, and a population Of
2,000,225 souls. The revenue is estimated at Rs. 1, 15,00,000. It
maintains an army of 516 cavalry, 3,078 infantry, 166 artillerymen
and 44 guns. The irregular forces consist of 5,073 feudal jaghirdars
and other cavalry; 1,565 Nagas, Minas, and other special bodies, and
5,066 Tehsil sepoys, Najibs, &c. In this State, there is an English
High School, an Anglo-Indian institution, a Vernacular College of
Science, and 104 Vernacular Schools with 11,172 pupils. There are
also in the State, two High Court judges, seven judges of Zilla
Courts, 16 Munsiffs, four division Subahs, and 94 magistrates, i. e.,
123 judicial officers in all.
Damaji Rao Damaji Rao Gaikwar I., son of the Mahratta Chief
Gaikwar I. Keroji, first distinguished himself as a soldier in the army
of Raja Sahu of Satara. While engaged with the Mahratta troops in
plundering Gujrat under the command of an eminent leader Khandi
Rao Dhabari, he was promoted to the rank of second-in-command of
Qe
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 141
the royal army and received the title of “Shamsher Bahadur " which
is still used in the family. He died in 1720, and was succeeded in his
military office and rank by his talented nephew Pilaji Gaikwar. In
Pilaji . 1731, Pilaji was appointed as “Sena Khas Khail or Com-
Gaikwar. mander of the sovereign’s tribe ‘’ under the Governor of
Gujrat, but in the year following he was murdered at the instigation of
Abhi Singh, Maharaja of Marwar, who had been then acting as a
viceroy of the province under the Emperor of Delhi. Pilaji was
º succeeded by his son Damaji Rao Gaikwar •II., who did
not fail to avenge the death of his father. In 1732,
Obtained Damaji attacked and took possession of Baroda which he
§º. afterwards made his capital. He also “occupied many of
the principal districts in the east of Gujrat, and finally,
extending his incursions as far as Jodhpur, forced the Raja of that
country to resign Ahmedabad to a deputy in order to proceed to the
defence of his paternal dominions. Ahmedabad was not finally taken
till 17 55, when it surrendered to the united efforts of Ragonath Rao
and Damaji Gaikwar. From that time the authority of the Court
of Delhi over, Gujrat ceased entirely, and the country was divided
between the Peishwa and the Gaikwar.” In 1761, Damaji fought at
Panipat, and after a long reign of forty years died in 1768, leaving
four sons, Sivaji Rao, an idiot; Govind Rao, Manaji Rao, and Fatteh
Singh Rao. The Peishwa with a view to weaken the power of the
Sivaji Rao Gaikwar, recognised the succession of the eldest Sivaji Rao
º º Gaikwar I., and appointed his brother Fatteh Singh Rao
Rao, the as regent. Fatteh Singh shewed great skill in the wars of the
regent. Peishwa, and the contests between Madhaji Sindhia and the
English ; but in 1780 he co-operated with the English though he
for sometime advocated the cause of Ragonath Rao. Fatteh Singh
Rao met an accidental death by falling from a window in 1789, and
Manaji Rao, his younger brother Manaji Rao succeeded him, and held
* Gººd tle office until his death in 1793, when his second brother
regents, Govind Rao became regent. Govind Rao, during his
** period of government, succeeded in obtaining possession of
Ahmedabad, and the Peishwa, therefore, gave up his share of the revenue
142 The Modern History of
of Gujrat for five years art rupees five lakhs per annum. After the
Anand Rao death of Govind Rao, his eldest legitimate son Anand Rao
*W*. Gaikwar, “a man of weak intellect, was acknowledged
his successor, but the powers of the State were usurped by his
illegitimate half-brother, Kanaji Rao Gaikwar, supported by Malhar
Rao Gaikwar. To add to the troubles of Anand Rao, his Arab mer-
cenaries were quite beyond the control of the State,_threatening-to
become dominant indeed. The Government of India was at length
obliged to interfere. Malhar Rao was reduced and “sent a prisoner
to Bombay, IKanaji was transported to Madras, the Arab janizaries
were curbed, and ultimately, by treaties concluded into 1802 and 1805,
Paola taken protection and countenance being accorded and submission
under British tendered, Baroda was brought into subsidiary alliance with
P* the Paramount Power, and bound to maintain a contingent
of 3,000 Sipahis and a battery of European artillery.” With a
view to fulfil one of the terms with the Arab mercenaries, it became
necessary to raise a loan of Rs. 41,38,732, to be repaid in three years
with interest at the rate of nine per cent. The Honourable East India
Company advanced about one half of this loan, and guaranteed the
remaining half to those native bankers who advanced it. But, as the
debt increased every year by the high rate of interest charged on the
loan, the British Government forced the Gaikwar to assign some lands
and districts yielding handsome revenues for the purpose of liquidating
the debt and maintaining the subsidiary force. In 1812, the British
Government restored to the Gaikwar all the ceded territories on the
payment of a kror of rupees.
Anand Rao Gaikwar died in 1819, and was succeeded by his younger
Sivaji Rao brother Sivaji Rao Gaikwar II. This incorrigible prince
Gaikwar II. could not at all administer the affairs of the country to the
least satisfaction of the British Government. He constantly failed to
pay up regularly the instalments due on his debts, which, in 1820,
aggregated to one kror and seven lakhs of rupees. Both the two
respective governors, of Bombay, Mr. Mountstuart Elphinstone and
Sir John Malcolm attempted to induce Sivaji Rao Gaikwa, II., to act
in a manner conformable with his engagements, but to no purpose.
©
*
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 143
The British Government therefore threatened him with deposition and
sequestered the district of Pitlaod and several others to liquidate gra-
dually the guarantéed debt and to secure funds for the regular payment
of the force. Subsequently, however, the bankers released the British
Government from its guarantee, on account of their making a satis-
factory agreement with the Gaikwar for the liquidation of their res-
pective debts. In 1839, the districts of Pitlaod, &c., were also restored
to the Gaikwar. *
Sivaji Rao Gaikwar II. died in 1847, and was succeeded by his
Ganpat Rao eldest son, Ganpat Rao Gaikwar. This prince after an
Gaik War inglorious reign of nine years chiefly marked by sensual in-
dulgence died without issue in 1856. He was succeeded by his brother
Khandi Rao Khandi Rao Gaikwar. Shortly after his accession to the
Kºi. throne, the mutiny broke out in India. Khandi Rao Gaikwar
English du proved himself loyal, and rendered good service to the
ring the tº a tº
mutiny, British Government, and as a reward the annual payment
of "Rs. 3,00,000 due by the Baroda State for the support of the
Gujrat irregular horse was remitted. Khandi Rao also received
the title of the Grand Cross of the Star of India ; but the latter part of
his reign was not marked by any distinguished occurrences as he became
a great lover of luxury and pomp and careless of his people. Khandi
Rao died in 1870, and was succeeded by his younger brother
Malhar Rao Malhar Rao Gaikwar. This prince had been imprisoned
Gaikwar. e º g * tº
in 1863, for his having attempted the life of his brother,
the late Raja Khandi Rao, and whose death, not only released him
from the prison, but raised him at once to the throne.
Malhar Rao, on assuming the administration of government, at
once “ plunged into a career of misrule, extravagance, and folly,” and
under his management such misgovernment occurred, that the British
Government was compelled to appoint a commission to investigate the
numerous complaints preferred against him. The report of this com-
mission being quite against Mulhar Rao, it was decided that unless he
showed signs of reforming by the end of the year 1875, he would be
deposed for the good of his people. Before Malhar Rao had effected
any reform, He was Suspected in 1874 of having made an attempt to
144 The Modern IIistory of
poison the British Restdent Colonel Phayre, C.B. The Chief Justice
of the High Court of Calcutta, the Maharajas of Gwaliar and of
Jaipur, the Chief Commissioner of Maisur, Raja Sir Dinkar Rao, and a
Commissioner in the Panjab were therefore appointed as Commissioners
to enquire into the matter, and the result being highly unsatisfactory
Deposed. Malhar Rao Gaikwar was deposed by the Home Govern-
ment from the sovereignty of Baroda on the 22nd April
1875, and was deported to Madras.
In the meanwhile, Jamna Bai, widow of Maharaja [handi Rao,
Sivaji Rao "" permitted by Government to adopt an heir. Her selec-
Gaikwar III., tion of Sivaji Rao, a descendant of Perłab Rao, Son of
the present
Maharaja Pilaji Rao Gaikwar, was therefore confirmed by Government,
and the young Maharaja was installed on the Gaddi on
27th May 1875.
Raja sir. T. The Government of India, with the consent of His
*...*. Highness the Maharaja of Holkar, appointed Raja Sir. T.
the prime º • e
minister. Madava Rao, K.C.S I., as prime minister of Baroda.
©
His Highness the young Maharaja Sivaji Rao Gaikwar III. is
making creditable progress in the study of Maharathi, Gujrati, and
English by the constant care of Her Highness the Mahārani Jamna
Bai, Raja Sir. T. Madava Rao, and Mr. F. A. Elliott the tutor. His
Highness is fond of various sports, and practises riding, wrestling,
g, &c.
The prince of His Highness the young Gaikwar met His Royal High-
Wales' visit ness the Prince of Wales at Bombay, on the 8th November
** 1875. The Prince also visited Baroda on the 19th Novem-
ber 1875, and was gorgeously received with every oriental magnifi-
cricket playin
cience by the Gaikwar himself, and his prime minister and guardian
Raja Sir. T. Madava Rao. His Royal Highness first proceeded to the
well-known arena, and witnessed animal combats between elephants,
rhinoceroses, buffaloes, &c., and afterwards went by rail to the Gaik-
war's hunting lodge at Mackinpura, where a great hunt of the black
buck with chitals took place. The prince also inspected the Gaikwar's
jewels at Mahti Bagh the old palace of the Gaikwar, and paid a visit
to Maharani Jamna Bai, mother of the young Gaikwar, and took leave
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 145
from her, the young Gaikwar,” and Raja Sir. T. Madava Raof ; express-
ing to them the pleasure he felt at his visit and warm reception.
His Highness the young Gaikwar was also present at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, on account of the
assumption of the title “Empress of India” by Her Most Gracious
Majesty the Queen. On this occasion His Highness received the title
of." Farzand-i-Khas-i-Doulat-i-Inglishia.” In 1878, Her Highness
Maharani Jamna Bai, mother of the Gaikwar, has been invested with
the insignia of the Order of the Crown of India. O -
His Highness the Maharaja Sevaji Rao Gaikwar, Sena Khas Khail,
Shamsher Bahadur, Farzand-i-Khas-i-Doulat-i-Inglishia, is at present
16 years old, and is entitled to a salute of 21 guns. His
Highness has judicial powers of life and death.
Sir T. Madava Rao, K.C.S.I., prime minister of Baroda, received the
title of “Raja,” and the Naib Dewan Mr. Venaik Rao Janardon Kirtoni
was created “Rao Bahadur” at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi
Salute.
“Here we may note what to a European may seem one of the most mar-
vellous features of the whole affair, namely, the wonderful self-possession
of the Young Gaikwar. This boy aged twelve years, who a few months ago, was
only a village las in comparative poverty, bears himself with perfect composure
and dignity, and appears to his inferiors every inch a king, as though he had sat
on the Gaddi for half a century, while he fell naturally and with genuine grace-
fulness into a tone of perfect equality and frank boyish cordiality, well blended
with dignity in his intercourse with the Prince of Wales.”—The Graphic's Extra
number, May 1st 1876. -
f Raja Sir T. Madava Rao was born in A. D. 1828 at Combaconum in the
district of Tanjor. He is the son of the late R. Runga Rao, who held the office
of Dewan of Travancor, and is the nephew of R. Wencat Rao (upon whom the
title of Rai Raya Rai was conferred by the Government of India), who also held
the same high office. He is by caste a Brahman, and a Mahratta by nationality.
He was educated in the High School of the Madras University, and was one of
the first pupils of Mr. Eyre Burton Powell, C.S.I. For a short period, Raja Sir T.
Madava Rao acted for Mr. Powell as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philo-
sophy, and was called to a higher appointment in the Accountant General’s Office
at Madras, where he remained for about a couple of years. He was then appointed
English instructor and companion to the then young Princes of Travancor, the first
of whom is now the ruler of that country, and the second is the well-known
heir-apparent. He was afterwards promoted to the office of Dewan Peischar of
Travancor, (i. e.), Assistant Dewan. This led to his elevation to the Dewanship
itself in A. D. 1858, and this office he held for a long period of about 14 years,
during which time he was invested with the insignia of a Knight Commander
of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He resigned office in May
1872, and retired on pension. He was offered a seat in the Ilegislative Council of
the Government of India, but was obliged to decline the same. Without any soli-
Citations on his part, he was invited by His Highness Mahafaja Holkar of Indor,
© 19
146 * The Modern History of
on the 1st January 1877: Mr. Carsetji Rustomji, Chief Justice, Mr.
Pestonji Jehangir, Settlement Commissioner, and Mi. Shahabuddin,
Chief of the Revenue Department of Baroda, have also received the
title of “ Khan Bahadur” on the 1st January 1877.
Chapter II.-Kolhapur.
KoDHAPUR is a rugged and mountainous tract of territory lying to
the south and south-west of Satara, and sloping from the Western
Ghâts to the plains on the east. It has an area of 3,184 square miles,
and a population of 802,691 souls. The revenue is estimated at
Rupees 30,47,243. The army consists of 154 cavalry, 1,502 infantry,
26 artillerymen, and 67 guns.
preliminary The ruling chiefs of this principality belong to the family
history. of Sivaji I., the grandson of Maloji Raja Bhonsla and the
Sivaji I. founder of the Mahrata power. Sivaji I., at the early age
of Seventeen, began his career as a plundering bandit, and established
his power over the greater part of the Konkan. He died in 1682,
sambhaji I. and was succeeded by his son Sambhaji I. This prince
was carried as a prisoner to the Camp of Aurangzib where
Sivaji II, he was cruelly put to death, and his son Sivaji II., after-
#." as wards called Sahu, was only spared to be imprisoned.
e At this interval, Raja Ram T., the younger son of Sivaji I.,
had been raised to the regency (1695). He died after three years,
whose prime minister he became from the beginning of 1873. The Government
of India, with the consent of His Highness the Maharaja of Holkar appointed
him in April 1875, prime minister of the Baroda State. He now holds this office,
and has made several improvements in the State. The Political Resident remarks
in his report for the year 1876-77, “that justice, civil as well as criminal, is admi-
inistered in a way that reflects great credit on the administration considering the
short time the State has been under the authority of Sir Madava Rao.”
George Wheeler states in his Chronicle of the visit of the Prince of Wales
1875-76, that “Sir Madava Rao, K.C.S.I., was formerly Dewan of Travancor, in
the Madras Presidency, a country which he so altered and improved that every
Madrasi one meets speaks his name with pride and respect. With paramount
earnestness he is striving not only to develop the power to govern ably and
º in the Gaikwar himself, but also tosenovate and Anglicise the kingdom
of Surat,’ -
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 147
and left two sons Sivaji and Sambhaji by his two wives, Tara
Bai and Rajis Bai. The eldest Sivaji became regent for Sahu, but
he was deposed ahd put into prison in 1703 by his mother Tara
Tara Bal Bai on account of his being mad. Tara Bai herself
governs the governed the State till the year 1707; when Sahu was
Country, released from captivity on the death of Aurangzib and
returned to claim the sovereignty. She, however, for a period of five
years, resisted the claims of Sahu, but at the death of her son Sivaji
in 17°12, she was removed from power by some influential
Mahratas who espoused the cause of her stepson Sambhaji,
son of Rajis Bai. Now, Sahu and Sambhaji stood as two “rival
Contest be- claimants for the power and possessions of their great
tween Sahu ancestor.” After a contest for some 18 years, Sahu gained
tº sº. a complete victory over Sambhaji, and recovered his rights
and privileges by the valuable àssistance of his able min-
Deposed.
ister Balaji Biswanath.
Sahu became In 1731, Sahu became the sole Sovereign of the whole
sovereign of of the Mahrata country, assigning only the territory of
the Mahrata & º N *Te ©
county, and Kolhapur and its dependencies to Sambhaji II. Since
rººf. time the family of the great Sivaji I., have been
Sambhaji II. divided into two branches. Sahu the representative
Sambhaji II., of the elder Branch made Satara his capital, and Sam-
the first Raja • tº ZY * * ** e
of Kolhapur. bhaji II., of the younger branch began to reign as the
first Raja of Kolhapur.
Sambhaji II, died in 1760 without issue, and his widow adopted
Sivaji III., from the Khanwata branch of the family of
Bhasaji, great grandfather of Sivaji I. The widow of Sambhaji
II., so carelessly administered the State, that she allowed her people
prºvalence to support themselves by means of plunder and piracy
of piracy. which disturbed the peace of the British subjects of
Bombay as well as of those of other States. With a view to remedy
this evil, the British Government sent an expedition against Kolhapur,
and a treaty was accordingly concluded in 1765, but the
Treaty. regent Rani failed to put a stop to piracy and to act as a
faithful friefd up to her deaths in 1772. The young Raja Sivaji III,
Sivaji III.
148 The Modern History of
on assuming the reins of -Government, was put to much trouble on ac-
war with count of the family feud, and war with the Peishwa who had
the *** occupied some of his districts, and given" them to the Pat.
wardans. Subsequently, however, the Peishwa made over the districts
to the Raja, and saved him by his interference from the most reduced
circumstances to which he was placed by his constant family disputes.
Continual Sivaji III. was again engaged in a continual war for 23
hº years against the Raja of Sawant Wari, and which in fact
of Sawant marred the prosperity of the country.” In 1792, the
Wari, British Government, whose traders had suffered much from
depredations, was compelled to despatch another expedition to Kolhapur,
by which the Raja bound himself “to compensate the
British traders, and to allow factories to be erected at
Mulwan and at Kolhapur.”
Treaty.
sambhaji III, Sivaji III, died in 1812, and was succeeded by his eldest
or Aba Sahib. son Sambhaji III., generally known as Aba Sahib. During
the reign of this wise and educated prince, the internal administratfon
of the country was much improved by his energy, care and perseverence.
He as a true and faithful ally of the English rendered good
* service against Baji Rao Peishwa, and received as a reward
the war with the districts of Chikori and Menaooli. Aba Sahib was un-
Peishwa. fortunately murdered in 1821 by one of his enemies, and
Shahaji, or was succeeded by his brother Shahaji, or Bawa Sahib. This
** prince being led by bad principles and ill-regulated ambi.
tion attacked and took the fort and jaghir of Kungal which belonged
to Hindu Rao, a relative of the Maharaja of Gwaliar ; and marched
against the Raja of Satara, without any intercourse with
Proves un- o
º the British Government. In 1825, a British force was
the English, therefore sent to Kolhapur, and the Raja was compelled to
Treaty. sign a treaty in the following year, but failing to observe its
conditions, “Government found it necessary to visit him
with a mark of its grave displeasure, and he was deprived of the districts
of Chikori, Menaooli, and Akiwat ; obliged to admit British troops into
his forts, and to accept a minister appółnted by Government.”
Raja Bawa Sahib died in 1838, and was succeeded by
Sivaji IV, - © e ºs
J his minor son Sivaji IV.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 149
* Iara Bai, the aunt of the young Raja, managed the
Iara jº affairs of the State during his minority, and the result
was so"far unsatisfactory that the British Government was
obliged to interfere, and to nominate Daji Krishna Pandit as minister
for the purpose of making an improvement in the administration of the
country. One Daji Krishna Pandits' attempting to make reforms a
rebellion broke out in 1844, which extended to the State of Sawant
Reforms Wari. This was, however, suppressed by force of arms, and
made by great, reforms were made under the management of the
ºt. State by the British Government, as “ the forts were dis-
mantled, the system of hereditary garrisons was abolished,
the military force was disbanded, and a local force entertained in its
stead.”
Sivaji IV., re- Raja Sivaji IV., on attaining his majority remained faith-
* ful during the mutiny of 1857, and was entrusted with the
the mutiny full administration of the State in 1862.
• He died in 1866, and was succeeded by his adopted son Naguji
Rao Patankar, who assumed the name of Rajaram. In 1870, Raja
Rajaram died at Florence while on his way to visit
Ef gland. He was succeeded by his adopted son Sivaji V.,
; ºr r * : V7 & º * @
*" the present Maharaja, who is receiving a proper educa-
Rajaram.
tion under a European Governor.
Meets the His Highness the young Maharaja paid his respects to
Prince of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at Bombay on
}. the 8th November 1875, and was present at the grand
reception of native princes, held on the following day. The
Prince paid His Highness a return visit on the 10th November 1875,
and shook hands with him. His Highness the Maharaja was also
present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January
1877, and was invested as a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted
Order of the Star of India.
His Highness Maharaja Sir Sivaji Rao Bhonsle Chatrapati Maharaj,
Dam Altafohu, K.C.S.I., aged 16 years, has judicial inferior powers, and is
entitled to a salute of 19 guns. The State is now admi-
anistered by the Political Agent.
Salute.
150 -* The Modern History of
Madhorao Wassudeo-Barve is the present Karbari to His High-
mess the Maharaja. ... O
Chapter III.-Sawant Wari.
THIS State forms the southern part of Konkan. It has an area of
900 square miles, and a population of 190,814 souls. The revenue is
estimated at Rupees 2,94,000. The army consists of three guns, and
12 cavalry, “exclusive of the Sawant Wari local corps.”
Rhem Khem Sawant Bhonsle I., a Mahrata, was the founder
Sawant of the Wari or Sawant Wari family. He commenced his
*::::: services as an officer under the Muhammadan rulers of
Bijapur, and ultimately became the jaghirdar of Wari.
Rhem Sawant T., on transferring his allegiance to the great Sivaji I.,
held for sometime a part of Konkan, and in 1707 received from . Sahu
Raja, grandson of Sivaji, a Sannad “confirming him in his possessiºns
in full sovereignty, and assigning to him, conjointly with the chief of
Rolaba, half the revenues of the Salsi Mahal.” O
Phond He died in 1709, and was succeeded by his nephew
Sawant I. Phond Sawant I. With this chief, the British Government
Treaty. first concluded an offensive and defensive alliance in 1730, to
put a stop to the piratical attacks made from time to time by Kanoji
Angria of Kolaba. Phond Sawant I., died in 1738. He was succeeded
Ram Cham: by his grandson Ram Chandra Sawant, who, after a reign
** of seventeen years in peace abdicated the throne to his
h o
§º II. minor son Khem Sawant II.
This valiant prince had several successful contests with the Rajas
Prevalence of Kolhapur, and the piratical practices of his people
of piracy, greatly disturbed the peace of the subjects of Goa, the
Portuguese, and the British. The latter, however, in 1765, despatched
an expedition from Bombay against Khem Sawant who at once made
a treaty by which he ceded to the British Government the
* districts lying between the Kali and Salsi Rivers from the
sea to the foot of the Sahyadri range, and paid one lakh of Rupees to
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 151
meet the expenses of the war. But, the relations of Khem Sawant II.,
not being satisfied with the terms of the treaty signed by him, broke
out immediately, thā a second treaty was therefore concluded by which
Khem Sawant II. agreed to pay an additional sum of Rupees one
lakh. Khem Sawant II., having failed to procure this sum made over
Vingorla the district of Wingorla to the British Government for 13
made over to years. This was again mortgaged by the English to Vittoji
the English. Kommotim who held it for sometime under the security
of the British Government. In 1780, Khem Sawant II., drove away
the mortgagee Vittoji, attacked and took Vingorla, and' appropriated
Its several properties belonging to the English. This success
*Y*Y. on the part of Khem Sawant II., gave a fresh impetus to
piracy and plunder which lasted for a further period of 32 years.
Khem Sawant II., after an almost unceasing warfare of 48 years
Lakshmi Bai, died in 1803. He left four" widows, the eldest Lakshmi
the regent. Bai became regent on account of the minority of his son
by his third wife Devi Bai. During the regency of Lakshmi Bai, the
Raja of Kolhapur invaded and took the fort of Sawant Wari, but he
was afterwards expelled from the country by the assistance of Wiswas
Rao Ghatgay and Appa Desai, the two celebrated followers of the Ma-
haraja of Gwaliar. Appa Desai with a view to establish his own power
The young strangled the young prince, the heir to the throne, with the
* Stran" concurrence of Lakshmi Bai and of Phond Sawant II., but
he in fact derived no good by committing this atrocious
crime, as he was driven away from the country by Phond
PhOnd º o
Sawant II, Sawant II., who declared himself to be the sole Sovereign
of the State.
Treaty. Phond Sawant II., concluded a treaty in 1812 with the
British Government by which he condescended to cede the
fort of WingOrla and the battery of Gunaramo Tembe, and to suppress
at once the long standing practice of piracy and plunder. He died in
Khem 1813, leaving the throne to his minor son Khem Sawant III.
Sawant III. During the minority of this prince, Durga Bai the second
widow of Khem "Sawant II, administered the country.
Durga Bai,
the regent. * Durga Bai was a pºwerful and a brave woman, She displayed
152 The Modern History of
Invades great power artd activity in invading Kolhapur and beseiging
*P* the two forts guaranteed to that State by the English,
The British Government therefore declared war against her, took posses-
sion of the two outlying districts, and marched with its troops into
the capital. But, “a treaty was dictated (February 1819)
by which the British Government agreed to protect Sawant
Wari ; that State acknowledging British supremacy, ceding the line
of Sea-Coast from the river Karli to the boundaries of fihe Portuguese
possessions, and to receive British troops into Sawant Wari.”
Savitri Bai, Durga Bai having died before signing this treaty, the
and Naranda two widows Savitri Bai and Naranda Bai, of the late chief
Hºme Bhond Sawant II. became regents until the year 1822;
Khem when Khem Sawant III. assumed the full administration
Sawant III., of the country. He was a weak and an incompetent ruler.
governs the e * • . * •++, sk.
Country. In his reign such mismanagement occurred, that the British
Removed
from power, with an ample allowance for his support, and to assume the
Treaty.
Government thought it desirable to remove him from power
direct charge of the country in 1838. Under the strict mode of the
British Government, peace was restored to the country, and the chief's
son Phond Sawant III., (known as Anna Sahib) and his friends who
tried to shake off the British control were at once suppressed. During
the mutiny of 1857, Khem Sawant III., and his son proved
Remained
i.e. themselves to be faithful to the British Government, not-
UITII) e o - e
lº. withstanding they were deprived of power.
Rhem Sawant III., died at an advanced age in 1867, and his son
Phond Sa- Phond Sawant III., or Anna Sahib, was recognised as his
X.';. successor by the British Government. This prince “was
addicted largely to the practice of opium eating.” He
Raghunath died in March 1869, leaving the throne to his minor son
Sawant. Raghunath Sawant, the present chief.
His Highness Sir Desai Raghunath Sawant Bhonsle, aged 18 years,
has judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a salute of
Salute. nine guns. The State is now administered by the British
Government.
• O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 161
18,991, is payable to the British Government, and Rupees 2,330, to the Nawab of
Junagarh. The army consists of 25 cavalry, and two guns. -
Thakur Sahib The present ruler His Highness Thakur Sahib Baoji, a Jharija
Baoji. Rajput, has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled to a
salute. • Salute of nine guns, which he received at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877, as a mark of personal distinction. His
Highness the Thakur Sahib is at present 23 years old.
• XIII. WADWAN.—This State contains 30 villages. It has a population of
45,431 souls, and a revenue of Rupees 3,50,000. An annual tribute of Rupees
25,778 is payable to the British Government, and Rupees 2,682, to the Nawab of
Junagarh. The army consists of 110 infantry and police, 60 cavalry, eight artil-
lerymen, and three field guns.
The present ruler His Highness Thakur Sahib Maharana Sri Dajiraj,
a descendant of Thakur Sahib Rajsinghji, is a Jhala Rajput, and is
considered one of the principal chiefs in the Jhalawar Division of Kathiwar.
Agºgº. His Highness has judicial powers of life and death, and the local,
and Charitable criminal, and civil laws are framed on the principles followed by
Acts. the British administration. Several reforms have lately been made
in the state. A bridge has been constructed across the river Bhogawa near the
city of Wadwan at a cost of Rupees 75,000, and a sum of Rupees 30,000, has
been laid out for the school, and the Dispensary buildings. His Highness Thakur
Sahib Maharana, Sri Dajiraj, aged 18 years, is entitled to a personal Salute of nine
guns, which he received at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi
on the 1st Jannary 1877.
His Highness the Thakur Sahib being still a minor, the State is at present
administered by a guaranteed Karbhari, under the supervision of the Political
Agent Kathiwar. The name of the head Karbhari of the State is Ajim Haridas
Vihari Das Desai, and of the Deputy, Ajim Bapuji Nathubhai.
XIV. WANKANIR.—This State claims greater antiquity than Drangdra. It
has a population of 28,750 souls, and a revenue of Rupees 1,25,000. Tribute
Rupees 12,000.
Dajiraj.
Salute.
The present ruler, His Highness Raj Sahib Bani Singhji, a Jhala
Rajput, has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled to a
Salute. personal salute of nine guns, which he received at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. His Highness is now 37
Bani Singhji.
years old.
v.–KATHIWAR (OTHER CHIEFS).
I. BANTwA.—This State contains 23 villages. It has a population of 26,011
souls, and a revenue of Rupees 1,40,700.
* These chiefs belong to the third and fourth classes. There are also 78 chiefs or petty
º 21
| 62 The Modern History of
His Highness Babi Kamułodin Khan, by race a Persian of the Junagarh family,
is the present chief, aged 67 years. ©
II. Borj ANA–Contains 26 villages. Population 17,456 souls. Tevenue
Rupees 50,000. -
His Highness Malik Nasib Khan, by caste an Afghan, is the present chief,
aged 52 years.
III. CHURA.—There are thirteen villages in this State. Population 13,793
souls. Revenue Rupees 1,25,000. o
His Highness Thakur Bechar Singh, a Jhala Rajput, is the present chief, aged
39 years. Ç
IV. JASBAN–Contains 61 villages. Population 33,796 souls. Tevenue
Rupees 1,45,000.
His Highness Kachar Ala Chela, belonging to the Rathi race, is the present
chief, aged 47 years.
V. LAKHTAR.—This State contains 41 villages. Population 20,436 Souls.
Revenue Rupees 75,000.
His Highness Thakur Kabalf Singh, by caste a Jhala Rajput, is the present
chief, aged 34 years.
VI. LATHI–Contains eight villages. Population 7,747 souls. Revenue
Rupees 48,750.
His Highness Thakur Takht Singh, a Gohel Rajput, is the present chief, aged
36 years.
VII. MALLIA.—There are 10 villages in this State. Population 10,019 souls,
Tcvenue Rupees 30,000. -
His Highness Thakur Modji, by caste a Jharija Rajput, is the present chief,
aged 33 years.
VIII. MULI.—This State contains 19 villages. Population 17,681 souls,
Revenue Rupees 1,00,000.
His Highness Thakur Purmar Sartan Singh, a Purmar Rajput, is the present
chief, aged 44 years. ---
IX. SAYLA.—Consists of 38 villages with a population of 16,528 souls.
Revenue Rupees 60,000.
His Highness Thakur Kesri Singh, a Jhala Rajput, is the present chief, aged
34 years.
X. WIRPUR.—This State has twelve villages. Population 6,320 souls.
Iłevenue Rupees 20,000.
His Highness Thakur Suraji, a Jharija Rajput, is the present chief, aged
34 years.
t º —º
Talukdars belonging to the fifth, sixth, and seventh classes. The great State of Jetpur though
yielding a revenue of Rupees Io, oo, ooo, has been raelked among the fifth class jurisdiction on
account of its being divided among eighteen shareholders.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 163
XI. WALA.--There are 40 villages in this State. Population 13,026 souls.
Revenue Rupees.i.25,000.
His Highness Thakur Wakhat Singh, a Gohel Rajput, is the present chief,
aged 15 years. He is prosecuting his studies at the Rajkumar College.
VI.-K O L H A P U R C H I E F S #
. I. BAURA.-Area 88 square miles. Population 43,439 souls. Revenue
Rupees 79,159. Tribute Rupees 3,420.
His Highness Madha Rao Moreshwar Bhadanekar, Pant Amatya, a Deshasth
Brahman, is the present chief, aged 20 years. O -
II. DATAWAD.—Population 2,645 souls. Revenue Rupees 16,360. His
Highness Narain Rao Gorpuray, Amirul Umra, a Mahratta, is the present chief,
aged 39 years.
III. DATAWAD.—Population 12,489 souls. Revenue Rupees 64,074. Tribute
Rupees 2,056.
His Highness Ranoji Rao, Himmat Bahadur, a Mahratta, is the present chief,
aged 45 years.
Q IV. JUCHAL KURANJI.—Area 201 square miles. Population 59,330 souls.
Iłevenue Rupees 2,12,235. Tribute Rupees 2,000.
His Highness Govindrao Rao Kesheo Gorpuray, a Konkanasht Brahman, is
the present chief, aged 26 years.
V. KAGAſſº-Area 129 square miles. Population 42,045 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,59,491. Tribute Rupees 2,000.
His Highness Jai Singh Rao Ghatgay, a Mahratta, is the present chief, aged
22 years. *
VI. KAGAL.-Population 5,756 square miles. Revenue Rupees 54,786.
His Highness Narain Rao, Ghatgay Sarja Rao, a Mahratta, is the present
chief, aged 45 years. *
VII. KAGAL.-Population 6,784 Souls, Revenue Rupees 33,050. Tribute
Rupees 1,162.
His Highness Gopal Rao, Nimbalkar Sar Lashkar, a Mahratta, is the present
chief, aged 24 years.
VIII. KAGAL.-Population 5,882 souls. Revenue Rupees 14,105. Tribute
Rupees 200.
His Highness Nagaji Rao, Patankar, a Mahratta, is the present chief, aged
38 years. -
IX. KAPSHI.-Population 11,117 Souls. Revenue Rupees 40,919. Tribute
Rupees 1,400. e *
O
* These chiefs pay tribute to the Maharaja of Kolhapur,
164 The Modern Iſistory of
His Highness Santaji Rat, Gorpuray Hindu Rao Mumalkat Madar, a Mah-
ratta, is the present chief, aged 31 years. .
X. TORGAL.-Area 130 square miles. Population 16:213 souls. Revenue.
Rupees 37,512. Tribute Rupees 835.
His Highness Subhan Rao Shinde, Sena Khaskel, a Mahratta, is the present
chief, aged 52 years.
XI. VISHALGARH.—Area 235 square miles. Population 32,414 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,09,638. Tribute IRupees 5,000, ©
His Highness Abaji Rao Krishna Pritinidhi, a Deshasth Brahman, is the pre-
Scril Ullieſ, aged 11 years.
O
VII.-MAHIKANTA (PRINCIPAL CHIEF).
EDAR.
THIS State has a population of 217,382 souls, and a revenue of Rupees 2,50,000.
The army consists of 400 cavalry, 500 infantry and police, 12 artillerymen, and
17 guns.
. ... The State of Edar was founded in 1729 by Anand Singhji, and
Anand Singhji, - * ~ - e - - - - * * -
and Rai Singhji, Rai Singhji, the two able brothers of Abhi Singhji, Mahafaja, of
the founders. J odhpur. These two princes were followed by Siva Singhji, Bho-
iºji, wan Singhji, and Gambhir Singhji. The latter was succeeded by
* Jowan Singhji. His Highness Maharaja Jowan Singhji was an intel-
j il 1.
J ligent and a liberal prince. He was a member of the Legislative
Council, and was invested with the insignia of a Knight Commander
of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. He died in 1868, and was suc-
ceeded by his son Keshri Singhji, the present chief.
Jowan Singhji.
keshi singhji. His Highness Maharaja Keshri Singhji being still a minor, the
State is under the management of the Political Agent. There are
eight Sirdars known as Thakurs or subordinate chiefs, who “hold their estates
on condition of military service, the quota being three horsemen, for every 1,000
Rupees of Revenue.”
Meets the His Highness the Maharaja paid his respects to His Royal High-
§: º: ness the Prince of Wales at the grand reception of native princes,
Bombay. held at Bombay on the 9th November 1875, and the Prince shook
hands with him.
His Highness is being educated properly through the constant care of the
tutor Manik Lal. G. Gundaria, who was appointed by the Director of Public Ins-
truction, Bombay. The Maharaja, aged 18 years, has judicial powers of life and
death, and is entitled to a salute of 15 guns.
Rao Bahadur Uchavram Mitharam is the Assistant Political Agent
in charge of the Edar State. O • -
Salute.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 165
**.
VIII. — MAHIKANTA (OTHER CHIEFS).”
I. AMULY ARA*–Area 35,816 square miles. Population 10,661 souls. Revenue
Rs. 20,000. Thakur Amar Singh Khant Koli, a Chowan Rajput, is the present
chief, aged 41 years. This State is tributary to Baroda. -
II. Bolu NDRA.—Area 5,200 square miles. Population 647 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 500, -
* Thakur Jowan Singh, a Rehwar Rajput, is the present chief, aged 58 years.
III. DADHALYA.—Area 16,500 square miles. Population 3,448 souls. Reve-
nue Rs. 3,000. Thrakur Hathi Singh, a Sesodiya Rajput, is thg present chief,
aged 40 years.
IV. DANTA,-Arca 30,000 square miles, Population 11,762 souls. Revenue
Rs. 45,001.
In this State the Umba Bowani shrine is situated, and is resorted to by mu-
merous pilgrims. His Highness Burud Rana Hari Singh, a Purmar Rajput, is the
present chief, aged 62 years.
W. DUBHA.—Area 16,800 square miles. Population 1,612 souls. Revenue
Rs. 4,025. -
• The present chief Miah Gulab Miah Mukwana Koli is a J hala Rajput, but has
been converted to Muhammadanism. He is now 41 years of age.
VI. GHoRASUR.—Area 45,000 square miles. Population 8,273 Souls. Revenue
IRs. 22,000. O
Thakur Suraj Mal, Dabi Koli, a Rajput, is the present chief, aged 30 years.
VII GUBUT.—Area 3,800 square miles. Population 1,255 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 2,500. -
Thakur Wajey Singh, Mukwana Koli, a Rajput, is the present chief, aged six
years. - -
VIII ILOL.—Area 15,000 Square miles. Population 5,511 Souls, Revenue
Rs. 15,636.
Thakur Wakht Singh, Mukwana IXoli, a Mukwana Rajput, is the present
chief, aged 18 years.
IX. KATOSAN.—Area 15,595 Square miles. Population 4,550 Souls. Itevenue
Rs. 20,000. -
Thakur Karran Singh, Mukwana. Koli, a Jhala Rajput, is the present chief,
aged 31 years. .
X. KHURAL.—Area 6,500 square miles. Revenue Rs. 14,000.
The present chief, Miah Sirdar Singh, Mukwana Koli, is a Jhala Rajput, but
he has been converted to Muhammadanism. He is now 41 years of age.
* Besides these, there are also sixty petty States in Mahikanta, under the Jurisdiction of Thana-
dars appointed by Government through the Political Agent,
166 The Modern //istory of
XI. LIKHI.—Area 3,800 square miles. Population 1,082 souls. Revenue
Its. 1,305. '.
Thakur Amar Singh, Mukwana Koli, a Mukwana Rajput, is the present
chicf, aged 42 years. *
XII. MAGORI.-Area 24,725 Square miles. Population 2,718 souls. • IRevenue
Rs. 5,000.
Thakur Himmat Singh, a Rahtor Rajput, is the present chief, aged 48 years.
XIII. MALPUR.—Area 81,695 Square miles. Population 10,303 Souls. Reventic
Rs. 12,000.
Rawal Seo Singh, a Rahtor Rajput, is the present chief aged 38 years.
XIV. MARSA.—Area 22,000 square miles. Population 11,893 souls. Revenue
Rs. 23,000. -
Thakur Raj Singh, a chaura Rajput, is the present chief, aged 29 years,
XV. MoHANPUR.—Area 44,800 square miles, Population 14,011 souls,
Tevenue Rs. 28,000. -
Thakur Umed Singh, a Rehwar Rajput, is the present chief, aged 25 years.
XVI. PETHAPUR.—Arca 15,500 square miles. Population 6,898 souls.
Revenue Rs. 16,000.
Thakur Himmat Singh, a Wagela Rajput, is the present chicf, aged 32 yeaps.
XVII. Poll. —Area 55,000 square miles. Population 4,919 Souls. Revenue
Rupees 16,700. **
Rao Hamir Singh, a Rahtor Rajput, is the present chief, aged 32 years.
XVIII. PusadRA.—Area 16,650 square miles. Populatiºn 2,814 souls.
Revenue Rupees 12,032. -
Miah Abhi Singh, Mukwana Koli, a Jhala Rajput, is the present chief, aged
16 years. This family was formerly a Jhala Rajput, but was about 400 years ago
converted to Muhammadanism.
XIX. RANASAN.—Area 33,225 square miles. Population 5,329 Souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 8,000.
Thakur Wajey Singh, a Rehwar Rajput, is the present chief, aged 62 years.
XX. RUMAS.–Area 5,125 square miles. Population 1,651 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 1,500. -
Miah Kallu Miah, Mukwana Koli, is the present chief, aged 14 years.
XXI. RUPAL.-Area 21,000 square miles. Population 3,173 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 3,201.
Thakur Man Singh, a Rchwar Rajput, is the present chief, aged 33 years.
XXII. SATHAMBA.—Arca 10,000 square miles. Population 4,805 Souls.
Revenue Rs, 6,000.
Thakur Ujab Singh, Barria Koli, a Rajput, is the present chief, aged 41 years.
XXIII. SU DASNA-Area 10,000 Squaree miles. Population 5.835 Souls,
Revenue Rs. 8,049.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 167
Thakur Parbat Singh, a Barud Purmar Rajput, is the present chief, aged
59 years. .
XXIV. WARAGAM.–Area 25,150 square miles. Population 3,259 Souls.
Revenue Rs. 10,051.
Thakur Raj Singh, a Rehwar Rajput, is the present chief, aged 59 years.
XXV. WARSORA.—Area 9,300 square miles. Population 3,881 Souls. Revenue
Rs. 10,500. *
. Thakur Kishor Singh, a Chaura Rajput, is the present chief, aged 37 years.
XXVI. WULASNA.—Area 7,600 square miles. Population 3,880 Souls.
Revenue Rs. 4,500. .
Thakur Viram Deo, a Rahtor Rajput, is the present chief aged 34 years.
XXVII. WUSNA.—Area 10,735 square miles. Population 4,450 souls.
Revenue Rs. 7,000.
Thakur Daulut Singh, a Rahtor Rajput, is the present chief, aged 74 years.
IX. —PAHLANPUR AGENCY (PRINCIPAL CHIEFS).
I. PAHLANPUR.—Area 2,384 square miles. Population 216,000 souls. Reve-
nue Rs. 4,00,000. A tribute of Rs. 45,500, is paid to the Maharaja of Gaikwar
through the British Government. The army consists of 16 guns and five artillery-
men, 294 irregular horse, and 697 infantry and police, besides the subsidised force
of 150 horse and 100 foot, but in cases of emergency 500 horse and 8,000 foot
can be raised. O
The head of this family belonging to the Lohani tribe of Afghans, obtained
the title of Dewan from the Emperor Akbar. He also received a grant of the
provinces of Jhalor, Sachor, Pahlanpur, and Disa from the Emperor Aurangzib ;
but in 1698 the Maharaja of Jodhpur dispossessed him of all his territories except
Palanpur and Disa.
In 1809, the State of Pahlanpur came under the suzerainty of the British
Government.
Dewan Zorawar The present chief His Excellency Dewan Zorawar Khanji Fatteh
Khanji Fatteh
ićhanji Bahadur. Khanji Bahadur, rendered good service during the mutiny of 1857,
Assists the and received as a reward a dress of honour from the British Govern-
English during
the mutiny. ment.
Salute. His Excellency, aged 56 years, has judicial powers of life and
death, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns.
II. RADHANPUR.—Area. 823 square miles. Population 91,579 souls. Reve-
nue Rs. 5,00,000. The army consists of 362 foot, two field guns, and 248 horse,
but 500 horse and about 5,000 foot can be raised in cases of emergency.
Bahadur Khan, by Jace a Persian, was the founder of the family
known as “ Babi,” and one of his descendants Jaffir Khan received a
grant of Raïhanpur and other districts from the Emperor Aurangzib in 1723.
Bahadur Khan,
} 68 The Modern History of
sº, J m; Khan was succeeded by his son Khanji Khan. This prince
Khan I. received the title of Jawan Murad Khan, and was succeeded by
Jawan Murad his son Kamal-ud-din Khan or Jawan Murad Khan II., who was
Khan II. appointed Governor of Gujrat with the title of Nawab by the Em-
peror Muhammad Shah of Delhi. ©
After the death of Jawan Murad Khan II., “a great part of the family
possessions was wrested from his sons, Ghazi-ud-din-Khan and Nizam-ud-din Khan,
by Damaji Rao Gaikwar; but their title to Radhanpur and the other districts,
constituting the principality, was confirmed by sannad. In 1813, a treaty of four
articles was mediated between Maharaja Gaikwar and the Nawab of Radhanpur ;
whereby the Brfish Government empowered the former to control the relations
of Radhanpur with other States.” º
Nawab Sahib His Excellency the Nawab Sahib Bismillah Khanji Bahadur
#º Babi,f the present chief succeeded to the throne of his father
the present chief. Nawab Sahib Jorawar Khanji Bahadur Babi, on the 9th October
1874, while he was 31 years of age. The late Nawab made several reforms in
the country, and died after a prosperous reign of 50 years.
The reigning Nawab Sahib Bismilla Khanji Bahadur Babi has made great
His Charitable Sanitary improvements in the State ; that it may now be core paged
and Administra- with Gujrat. His Excellency the Nawab Sahib has also constructed
tive a CfS, new roads, and established courts of law, municipalities, additional
Vernacular Schools; Post offices and a Dispensary in honour of his father the
late Nawab Sahib, where all classes of people receive medicine grafts, and the poor
are provided with food when they are found ill. -
Besides these, His Excellency the Nawab Sahib has established an English
School with a library attached to it in Radhanpur, called after His Royal Highnes"
the Prince of Wales to commemorate His Royal Highness’ visit to India.
Meets the His Excellency paid his respects to His Royal Highness the Prince
§:: of Wales at Bombay, and received from him several presents, such
Bombay. as, a Silver Chand with the motto “Honi soit qui mal y pense ;”
one English sword with Pudtala ; one English Choora ; one solid gold ring, also
pictures of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and consort, &c.
His Excellency, aged 40 years, has judicial powers of life and death,
and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns. -
There are four Karbaries in the State, viz., Hari Lal Amritaram, Trikam Lal
Khanji, Purbhu Lal Khusal Chand, and Ghel Chand Jasraj. The former Hari
Lal Amritaram is the chief Karbari, and an old and respected amla /,
Charitable acts -
of Hari Lal of the State. He has for the good of the people excavated at his
Amritaram. own expense a large tank in. Radhanpur with its banks built of
*-**
Salute.
.A. frv ive Chiefs and their States. • . * * * ſº * * . *
i †: §. gº i. three younger brothers who received proper jaghirs during the life time
of their father Nawab Sahib Jorawar Khanji Bahadur Babi for their maintenance.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamirdars, &c. 169
bricks and chunam, and named it Jorawar Sur or Jorawar Sagar, i. e., after the
name of his late August Master Nawab Jorawar Khanji Sahib Bahadur. He has
also constructed a pecca road leading from the Miran Gate of Radhanpur to the .
tank with rows of trees planted on both sides, and has built a Dharramsala oil
the west side Surrounded by a garden as a lodging for strangers who are also fed
in moderation.
X.—PAHLANPUR AGENCY (OTHER CHIEFS).
I. BHABAR.-Area 80 Square miles. Population 5,659 souls. Revenue
Rupees 4,000.
Koli Thakurda” Sugramji, aged 59 years, and others, belonging to the Koli race,
are the present chiefs, O
II. CHARCHAT.-Area 440 Square miles. Population 18,193 souls. Revenue
Rupees 35,000, Rammulji, aged 58 years, and others, by race Jhareja Rajputs, are
the present chiefs.
III. DEODUR.—Arca 440 square miles. Population 19,701 souls. Revenue
Rupees 25,000.
Waghela Malluji Chattar Singh, aged 63 years, and others, by caste Waghelas,
are the present chiefs.
* IV, KANKREJ.-Area 520 square miles. Population 37,771 souls. Revenue
Rupees 40,000. There are many shareholders in this State.
W. SANTALPUR.—Area 440 square miles. Population 18,193 souls. Revenue
Rupees 35,000. The present chief Lakhaji is a Jharija Rajput, aged 28 years.
VI. SULGAM.—Area 220 square miles. Population 10,104 souls. Revenue
Rupees 12,000. ;
Chowan Bhupat Singh Kulji, aged 58 years, and others, are the present chiefs
belonging to the race of Chowan Rajput. -
VII. TERWARA –Area 125 square miles. Population 7,338 souls. Revenue
Rupees 12,000.
Beluch Nathu Khan, aged 50 years, and others, are the present chiefs belong-
ing to the Beluchi race.
VIII. THURAD AND MORWARA.—Area 940 square miles. Population 51,105
souls, Revenue Rupees 73,000.
The present chief Waghela Khengar Singh, aged 44 years, is by race a
Waghela. o
IX. WAo.—Area 380 square miles. Population 23,081 souls. Revenue
Rupees 30,000. Rana Umed Singh, aged 32 years, is the present chief.
X. WARAI.-Area 330 square miles. Population 20,096 souls. Revenue
Rupees 40,000. - -
Mullick Umar Khan, aged 32 years, and Mullick Rowaji, aged 46 years, are
the present shiefs. O
22
170 The Modern Iſistory of
XI.-REWAKANTA (PRINCIPAL CHIEFS).
I. BALASINôR.—Area 189 Square miles. Population 41,984-souls. Revenue
Rupees 80,000. Tribute Rupees 11,079. The army consists of 210 infantry, 53
Cavalry, and four field guns.
Sher Khan, by race a Persian, was the founder of this family, and
Salabat Khan fifth in descent from him “obtained the districts of
Balasinòr and Virpur with criminal jurisdiction” from the Muham-
madan Government. After the downfall of the Peishwa in 1818, the State of
Balasinòr came under the political jurisdiction of the British Government. -
Jorawar Khan .The present chief His Highness Nawab Sahib Jorawar Khan
Babi. Babi, succeeded Edal Khanji in 1831. His Highness has established
Charitable and criminal and civil courts, and three Schools, and has appointed an
*Administrative e e • º
aCtS. Assistant Vaccinator for the purpose of vaccinating the children of
both the Hindus and Mosalmans.
His Highness the Nawab has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled
$alute. to a salute of 9 guns, The Nawab, aged 52 years, has one son of
the name of Manowar Khanji, now 30 years old.
II. BARRIA, -Area 813 Square miles. Population 52,421 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,75,000. * e
A sum of Rupees 12,000 is annually paid to the British Government for pro-
Sher Khan.
Salabat Khan.
tection. The military force consists of 227 infantry, 35 cavalry, and two field
guns. - O
This is an off-shoot from Chota Udaipur. After the defeat of Maharaja
Laolut Rao Sindhia in the year 1802-3, the State of Barria was brought under
British protection. -
Man Singh. The present chief His Highness Maharaja Man Singh, a Chowan
Rajput, was educated at the Rajkot College, and has judicial powers
of life and death. His Highness the Maharaja is entitled to a salute
of 9 guns, and is now 24 years old.
III. CHOTA UDAIPUR.—Area 873 square miles. Population 62,913 souls,
Revenue Rupees 3,00,000. A tribute of Rupees 8,769, is paid to the Maharaja
Gaikwar. The army consists of 58 cavalry, 287 infantry and police, and two
field guns.
Salute.
Previous This family is descended from Pathai Rawal, the last Chowan
history. chief of Champanar. Trimbak Singh, one of the descendants of
Pertab Singh, son of Pathai Rawal, divided his possessions amongst
Pirthi Raj. his sons, and assigned to the elder, Pirthi Raj, Chota Udaipur;
and to the younger, Dongarji, Barria. In 1822 the State of Chota Udaipur
came under'the British protection. e
The present ruler, His Highness Raja Jit Singhji, a Chowan
Jit Singhji. Rajput, succeeded his uncle Goman Singhji.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 171
His Highness the Raja married fourteen wives, all of whom are alive, and
has seven sons of whom Moti Singhji by his first wife is the eldest aged 18 years.
The Raja maintains five Schools, and pays much attention to the well-being
of his subjects. His Highness now 47 years old has judicial powers
Salute. O of life and death, and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns.
Pandit Ganpat Rao is the present Karbari to His Highness the Raja.
IV. LUNAWARA.—Area 338 square miles. Population 74,813 souls.
Reyenue Rupees 1,25,000. A tribute of Sia Sahi Rupees 6,001, is paid to Gaikwar,
and Baba Sahi Rupees 12,001 to Sindhia. The military force consists of 43 cavalry,
201 infantry and police, and 15 guns. :
In 1484, this State was founded by Rana Bhim. Singh, a deſcendant of Wir
BadTaji, a Solamki Rajput. It came under the British protection
in 1803.
wakht Singh. The present chief His Highness Raja Wakht Singh, succeeded
Dulel Singh in 1867. His Highness the Raja, aged 19 years, has
Salute. judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled to a Salute of 9 guns
The State is now under the management of the British Government.
V. RAJPIPLA.—Area 1,514 Square miles. Population 120,036 Souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 8,00,000. A tribute of Rupees 65,000 is paid to the Gaikwar. The
army consists of 3b6 infantry and pollee, 100 Cavalry, and Liue gulls.
The chiefs of this State are Gohel Rajputs who maintained their independence
till the reign of Akbar. In 1763, the State of Rajpipla fell under the domina-
tioh of Damaji Gaikwar when its chief Rai Singh was only an
infant of seven years of age. Rai Singh died in 1786, and was suc-
Ram Singh. ceeded by his nephew Ram Singh, who was deposed by the Gaikwar
on account of his intemperate habits. He was succeeded by his son
Pertab Singh. Pertab Singh during whose reign in 1819 the British Government
interfered, and the Gaikwar “relinquished his control over the territory to the
British Government, engaging to receive his tribute through the hands and by
the sole intervention of that power.” Meanwhile, the deposed Ram Singh's
brother Nur Singh advanced his claims to the throne, by declaring that Pertab
Singh was the supposititious son of Ram Singh, and the British Government there-
fore appointed a Commissioner to investigate the matter in the year 1821. The
case being decided in favour of Nur Singh, Pertab was deposed
Bhim. Singh.
Rai Singh.
** and Nur Singh was instilled on the Gaddi. This prince being
Verisalji. blind gave up his claims to his Son Verisalji, who, before his death
which happened in 1868, abdicated the throne in favour of his son
Gambhir Gambhir Singhji, the present chief, who commenced to rule in
Singhji, the year 1860. • * -
Meets the His Highness Maharana Gambhir Singhji paid his respects to
Prince of º - O e
Wales at flis Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at the grand reception of
Bombay.
native princes, held at Bombay, on the 9th November 1875, and the
172 The Modern History of
Prince shook hands with him: His Highness was also present at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877. .
The Maharana, now 34 years of age, has judicial powers of life
and death, and is entitled to a salute of 11 guns.
VI. SONTH.-Area 394 square miles. Population 40,675 souls.. Revenue
Rupees 80,000. A tribute of Rupees 7,000 is paid to the British Government.
The military force consists of 215 infantry and police, 22 cavalry, and four guns.
This State was founded by Rana Sonth, son of Rana Jhalam
Singh, a Puar Rajput.
Salute.
Rana Sonth.
Pertab Singh. . The present chief His Highness Raja Pertab Singh, aged 19 years,
is at present prosecuting his studies at the Rajkumar College, Rajkot,
Salute. and is entitled to a salute of 9 guns. The Raja has judicial powers
of life and death.
XI.R.—REWAKANTA (OTHER CHIEFS).
I. AGAR,-Revenue Rupees 11,500. Sirdar Khan, aged 32 years, is the pre-
Semt chief.
II. ALWA.—Revenue Rupees 5,500. Alam Khan, aged 49 years, is the pre-
sent chief. O
lil. AMRAPUR.—Revenue Rupees 325. Barrias Jetbhai, aged 49 years;
Amar Singh, aged 32 years; Mukham Singh, aged 34 years ; and Gulab Singh,
aged 39 years ; are the present chiefs. O .*
IV. ANGHAD.—Revenue Rupees 3,400. Raghunath, aged 44 years ; Bharat
Singh, aged 34 years; Nathubawa, aged 36 years; Ram Singh, aged 46 years;
Parbhat Singh, aged 28 years ; and Kesri Singh, aged 16 years; are the present
chiefs. - -
W. BHADARWA.—Revenue Rupees 38,900. Tana Sirdar Singh, aged 67
years, is the present chief.
VI. BHILODIA.—Chanda Rai Singh, aged 29 years, is the present chief.
VII. BIHORA.—Revenue Rupees 800. Sirdarbawa, aged 26 years, is the
present chief.
VIII. CHHALIAR.—Revenue Rupees 10,000. Rawal Drigpal Singh, aged 23
years, is the present chief.
IX. CHORANGLA.—Revenue Rupeés 2,400. Rawal Ram Singh, aged 34
years, is the present chief.
X. CHUDESAR.—Revenue Rupees 800. Bhaibawa, aged 30 years; Sadabawa
aged 4 years; Rahim Khan, aged 49 years; Araf Bhai, aged 40 years; Chandbha
aged 34 years; and Kalubawa, aged 55 years; are the present chiefs.
XI. DHAMASIA.-Revenue Rupees 4,000. Ralubawa, aged 46 years, is the
O
present chief. O
XII. DHARI.—Revenue. Rupees 2,500. Rawals Nathubhai, aged 34 years ;
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 173
Sheo Singh, aged 44 years ; Sahib Singh, aged 20 years; Jewathbai aged 32 years ;
Mokamhbai, aged 44 years; and Jorbhai, aged 62 years ; are the present chiefs.
YIII. Dobra.-- Revenue Rupees 2,200. Patels Ajee, aged 49 years ; Jiwa,
aged 34 years; and Wahala, aged 52 years; āre the present chiefs. ** *
XIV, DUDHPAR.—Revenue Rupees 300. Umedbawa, aged 56 years, is the
present chief.
XV. GAD.—Revenue Rupees 12,700. Rana Bharat Singh, aged 50 years, is
the present chief.
XVI. GOTARDI.—Revenue Rupees 600. Pagies Satu, aged 74 years; Ratan
Singh, aged 44 years; Bechar, aged 49 years; and Moka, aged 39 years; are the
present chiefs. O
XVII. ITWAD.—Revenue Rupees 1,000. Nahar Singh, aged 29 years;
Amar Singh, aged 44 years ; Jusabhai, aged 54 years; and Kabhal, aged 29 years
are the present chiefs.
XVIII. JESAR.—Revenue Rupees 275. Pagies Jetbhai, aged 31 years
Udhar, aged 49 years; Khatu, aged 42 years ; and Amar Singh, aged 69 years;
are the present chiefs. ©
XIX. JIRAL.-Rasul Khan, aged 49 years, is the present chief.
... KX. KAMSOLI KHANI.-The name of the present chief is Rasul Khan,
aged 49 years.
XXI. KAMSOLI MOTI.—Revenue Rupees 7,695. Fulba, aged 54 years;
Motabawa, aged 18 years ; and Rasulkham, aged 49 years ; are the present chiefs.
XXII. KºanoDA.—Revenue Rupees 2,200. Kesar Singh, aged 44 years ;
Dip Singh, aged 22 years ; Naranbhai, aged 34 years; Golab Singh, aged 54 years;
Bhowanbhai, aged 36 years ; Bhopat Singh, aged 29 years ; Dalubhai, aged 84
years; and Walbhai, aged 54 years ; are the present chiefs.
XXIII. KASLA PAGINU MUWADU.—Revenue Rupees 125. Pagies Hari-
bhai, aged 59 years; Zera, aged 44 years; Bhathi, aged 44 years; and Adey Singh,
aged 54 years; are the present chiefs.
XXIV. KUDDANA.—Revenue Rupees 10,000. Thakur Parwat Singh, aged
57 years, is the present chief.
XXV. LITAR GOTRA-Revenue Rupees 330. Kotwals Bhala, aged 29 years;
Ada, aged 39 years ; Girdhar, aged 26 years ; and Ratna, aged 64 years ; are the
present chiefs.
XXVI. MANDWA.—Rana Khoman Singh, aged 34 years, is the present chief.
XXVII. MEOLI.—Revenue Rupees 2,200. Rajhibhai, aged, 74 years ; and
Madhu, aged 52 years ; are the present chiefs.
XXVIII. MoRA PAGINU MUWADU.—Revenue Rupees 250. Pagies Gam-
bhai, aged 54 years; and Garbad, aged 64 years; are the present chiefs.
XXIX. NAHARA.—Revenue Rupees 400. Barrias Kalan, aged 34 years;
and Jai Singh, aged 26 years; are the present chiefs.
174 The Modern History of
XXX. NALIA.—Revenue Rupees 600. Alam Khan, aged 34 years ; and
Khushalbawa, aged 26 years ; are the present chiefs. te
XXXI. NANGAM.–Revenue Rupees 2,000. Nathu Khan, aged 44 years;
Kalubawa, aged 42 years; Sirdar Khan, aged 29 years; and Sadabawa, aged 59
years ; are the prescnt chiefs. O
XXXII, NASWADI,-Thakur Bhim. Singh, aged 47 years, is the present
chief.
XXXIII. PALASNI.--Thakur Jit Singh, aged 17 years, is the present chief.
XXXIV. PANDU.—Revenue Rupees 3,100. Khanzadas Nathu Khan, aged
29 years ; Ahmed Khan, aged 24 years; Dosu Khan, aged 49 years ; Mansler Khan,
aged 74 years ; eWAkbar Kluan, aged 45 years ; and Zorawar Khan, aged 15 years ;
are the present chiefs.
XXXV. PANTALAORI.-Revenue Rupees 8,000. Nathu Khan, aged 44
years ; and Nazir Khan, aged 48 years ; are the present chiefs.
XXXVI. POICHA.—Revenue Rupees 2,000. Ranas Jusabhai, aged 59 years ;
and Chandar Singh, aged 34 years; are the present chiefs.
XXXVII. POICHA.—Revenue Rupees 2,000. Ranas Nagji, aged 39 years;
Himmat Singh, aged 34 years; Waja, aged 29 years ; Lalbhai, aged 40 years ; and
Pathibhai, aged 44 years; are the present chiefs. * e
XXXVIII. RAIKA.—Revenue Rupees 2,700. Jesingbawa, aged 22 years;
and Ganpat Rao, aged 39 years ; are the present chiefs.
XXXIX. RAJPUR.—Revenue Rupees 250. Sur Singh, aged 22 years, is the
present chief. O
XL. RAMPURA.—Revenue Rupees 4,100. Abhi Singh, aged 64 years; Anup
Bawa, aged 59 years ; Antul Bawa, aged 46 years; and Sujun Bawa, aged 45 years;
are the present chiefs. -
XLI. RENGAN.—Hevenue Rupees 500. Bhadarbawa, aged 56 years; Ali-
bhai, aged 49 years ; Jorabawa, aged 49 years ; Hetambawa, aged 26 years;
Nathu Khan, aged 30 years ; Bapuji, aged 48 years ; Bhadardin, aged 29 years ;
and Jitbhai, aged 16 years ; are the present chiefs.
XLII. SANJELI.-Revenue Rupees 5,100. Thakur Pettab Singh, aged 33
years, is the present chief.
XLIII. SHANOR.—Rana Khushal Singh, aged 45 years, is the present
chief.
XLIV. SIHORA.-Revenue Rupees 16,000. Suda Parmar Nar Singh, aged 46
years, is the present chief. -
XLV. SINDHIAPARA.—Revenue Rupees 2,600. Jitabawa, aged 29 years, is
the present chief.
XLVI. UCHAD-Daima Jitamia, aged 34 years, is the present chief.
XLVII. UMETA.—Barria Hathi Singh...aged 56 years, is the present
chief, -
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 175
XLVIII, VIRAMPURA.—Revenue Rupees 700." 'Nathu Khan, aged 26 years,
is the present chief.
XLIX, WAJIRPA.—Thakur Kalubawa, aged 44 years, is the present
chief.
L. WAKTAPUR,-Revenue Rupees 500. Rawals Dajibhai, aged 49 years;
Ranchord, aged 54 years; and Becharbhai, aged 44 years; are the present chiefs.
LI, WARNOLMAL.-Revenue Rupees 1,200. Barrias Jai Singh, aged 26
years ; and Abhey Singh, aged 34 years; are the present chiefs.
LII, WARNOLI MOTI.—Revenue Rupees 300. Parthibhai, aged 54 years,
is the present chief.
T. O
LIII. WASAN SEWADA.—Revenue Rupees 5,000. Kalubawa, aged 54 years,
is the present chief.
LIV. WASAN VIRPUR.—Revenue Rupees 8,000. Diama Jitabawa, aged 58
years, is the present chief.
LV. WOHORA.-Revenue Rupees 5,000, Kalubawa, aged 49 years, is the
present chief,
LVI, ZUMKHA.—Revenue Rupees 1,200. ” Barria Bechar Singh, aged 44
years, is the present chief.
• * XIII.-SAT A F A TA GHTRT) ARS, *
I. AKULKOT.—Area 498 Square miles, Populalion 87,068 souls. Revenue
Rupees 2,47,872. There are 113 villages in this State, the land of which is fertile,
and the climaté good. The city of Akulkot is situated on low ground, sur-
roulided with fine gardens, and has a strong little fort on its western side, in
which the royal family resides.
Meherban The present ruler Meherban Shahaji Maloji Raji Bhonsle, by caste
Shahaji Maloji a Mahratta, is the son of Maloji and a descendant of Fatteh Singh,
** alias Baba Sahib, the founder of the family.
Charitable and The chief maintains a charitable dispensary, and a Anglo-Verna-
Administrative cular School at the capital, and 15 or 16 Marathi and Hindustani
aCtS. Schools at the principal towns of the districts. His Highness has
also made several reforms in the country, such as the construction of roads, exca-
vation of wells, &c. He is a fine, intelligent, promising young boy of about 12
years. The affairs of the State are at present managed by the Political Superin-
tendent Colonel T. M. Baumgartner, a zealous and disinterested person.
II. ANUDH OR THE PANT PRITHI NIDHI JAGHIR.—Area. 213 square miles.
Population 68,335 souls. Revenue about Rupees 1,25,000.
* Satara Jaghirdars are under the direct control of the British Government. They have not
the judicial power of life and death. ... “All serious criminal cases, involving capital punishment or
transportation for life, are tried in a Court presided over by a British Officer, in association with the
Jaghirdar withia whose territory the offeece was committed, and the confirmation of the Imperial
§§. is required before the sentence can be carried into effect.”—The Native Chiefs and
their States.
176 The Modern History of
Shriniwas His Highness Tant Prithi Nidhi Shriniwas Rao, a Brahman, is the
Rao. present chief. He is now 46 years old. .
III. BHOR OR THE PANT SACHEO JAGHIR.—Area 1,49* Square miles. Popu-
lation 136,075 souls. Revenue Rupees 4,42,889. Tribute Rupees 5,235-2-0.
Pant Sacheo The present ruler His Highness Pant Sacheo Shankar JRao, Rao
Shankar Rao Sahib Pandit, by caste a Brahman, is the son of Chimnaji Pandit, a
descendant of one of the eight hereditary ministers of the old Mahratta Empire,
º and is now 26 years old. The chief has established a charitable
Charitable and t †
Administrative dispensary under a Native Doctor at Bhor, and a number of new
aCtS. Vernacular schools which are thriving well under the care of Bapu
Trimbak Agase, Superintendent Educational Department. The territory has
been divided into five Talukas, consisting of three Civil Courts, one at Bhor ; one
at Pali ; and one at Pirgat.
The officers of the State are Aulap Vishnu Agase, Political Secretary; Raghu-
math Dhonddeo, Naib Dafterdar ; Krishna Rao Sudashed, Engineer ; Bapuji Trim-
bak Agase, Superintendent Educational Department, Dhundo Luxuman, Vakil ;
Ramrao Trimbak, Munsiff, &c. "
IV. JATH OR THE JAGHIR OF THE DUFLAY. —Area 885 square miles. Popu-
lation 70,665 souls, and revenue Rupees 83,640, of which the sum of Rupees 4,739,
is paid to the British Government.
His Highness Amrat Rao Chawan Daphale, a Mahratta, aged 44 years, is
the present chief.
V. PHALTAN OR THE JAGHIR OF THE NIMBALKAR,-Area 397 square miles.
Population 59,124 souls. Revenue Rupees 1,27,577. *
The present chief His Highness Madhaji Rao Naik Nimbalkar, by caste a
Puar Rajput, “ is descended by adoption from a family which long held the
jaghir under the Muhammadan kings of Bijapur, and distinguished itself by its
bold opposition to Sivaji.” His Highness is now 42 years of age.
XIV.-S. A. W. A N U R .
In 1680, Abdul Rauf Khan, the founder of this Pathan family,
Abdul Rauf -
i. º obtained a grant of Bankapur, Torgul, and Azimnagur from the
founder. Emperor Aurangzib. The family was subsequently deprived of all
the land, and an annual pension of Rupees 48,000 only was allowed to them, but
by the interference of General Wellesley this territory yielding an equal revenue
was granted to the descendants of Abdul Raus Khan.
Abdul Dalil His Highness Nawab Abdul Dalil Khan, the present chief being
Khan. a minor, the State is now managed by the Dharwar Collectorate.
XV.--S I ex D H .
RHAIRPUR.— Area 6,109 square miles, ‘Population 1,27,000 Sºuls. Revenue
Rupees 4,53,500.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 177
The Amir of Khairpur rules over that part of the territory left to Mir Fatteh
Ali Khan Talpur, by the last kings of the Kalhora dynasty in 1783.
Mir Ali Murad After the annexation of Sindh, Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, a
** **Pur. Beluchi, was recognised by the British Government as chief of
Khairpur with the dignity of Rais. But, in 1850 he was deprived of the title, and
all his territories except those which he held under his father's will, on account of
his having claimed a larger share of the territory for himself by altering the
treaty granted to him by the British Government.
His Highness Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur paid his respects to His Royal
Meets the Highness the Prince of Wales at the grand reception of native
§: º princes, held at Bombay, on the 9th November 1875, and the Prince
Pombay. shook hands with him. His Highness was also present at the Impe-
rial Assemblage, held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877. The Mir, aged 65 years,
has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled to a Salute of
15 guns.
XVI—SOUTHERN MAHRATTA JAGHIRDARS.*
* I. JAMKHANDI.—Area 492 square miles. Population 102,346 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 3,86,800.
Ram Chandar The present chicf His THighness Ram Chandar Rao Gopal, by caste
Rao Gopal. a Brahman, belongs to the Konkani family. He is now 46 years of age.
II. KURUNDWAND, (SENIOR BRANCH).—Area 182 square miles. Population
39,420 souls. Revenue Rupees 1,00,000. - -
Salute.
Raghunath The present chief His Highness Raghunath Rao Kesho, a Brah-
Rao Kesho. man, belongs to the Konkani family, and is now 67 years of age.
III. KURUNDWAND, (JUNIOR BRANCH).-Area 114 square miles. Popula-
tion 30,251 souls. Revenue Rupees 1,02,829.
Ganpat Rao The two chiefs, His Highness Ganpat Rao Harihar, aged 41 years;
Harihar, and and His Highness Vinayek Rao, aged 56 years ; are Brahmans belong-
Vinayek Rao. ing to the Konkani family.
IV. MADHOL.—Area 362 Square miles. Population 58,921 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,46,475.
Venkat Rao The present Raja His Highness Venkat Rao Raje, aged 18 years,
Raje. belongs to the Bhonsle Ghorpade family.
Rao Bahadur Sudashed Raghunath Joshi is the present Karbari of this
State. He received the title of “Rao Bahadur” at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877.
* Among the Southern Mahratta Jaghirdars the “Patwardhan chief of Sangli alone enjoys first-
class jurisdiction, having power to try for capital offences any persons, except British subjects. The
others have second-class jurisdiction haviºg power to try for capital offences their own subjects only.”
—The Native Chiefs and their States.
23
178 The Modern History of
V. MIRAJ, (SENIOR BRANCH.)—Area 340 square miles. Population 82,201
souls. Revenue Rupees 2,79,462. e
Gangadhar The present chief His Highness Gangadhar-Rao Ganpat, a Brah-
**P* man, belongs to the Konkani family. He is now 14 years old.
VI. MIRAJ, (JUNIOR BRANCH).-Area 208 square miles. Population 35,601
Souls. Revenue Rupees 1,59,442.
Lakshman Rao His Highness Lakshman Rao Madho, the present chief, by caste a
Madho. Brahman, belongs to the Konkani family. He is about 71 years...of
age.
VII. R AMDURG." Arca 140 square miles. Pupulation 38,031 souls, Revenue
Rupees 1,04,044. *
The present chief His Highness Yogi Rao, by caste a Brahman,
belongs to the Bhawa family. He is now 27 years of age.
VIII. SANGLI OR THE PUTwARDUR FAMILY.—Area 896 square miles.
Population 223,663 souls. Revenue Rupees 6,43,300.
Dhundi Rao His Highness Dhundi Rao Chintamon, by caste a Brahman, be-
Chintamon longs to the Konkani family known as Patwardhan. His Highness
Yogi Rao.
is at present 40 years of age.
XVII.-S U R A T A G E N C Y . . * e
I. BANSDA.—Area 242} Square miles, Population 32,154 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,10,836. Tribute Rupees 7,351. The army consists of 80 infantry and
police, 50 cavalry, six artillerymen, and fourteen guns. O
Sri Pertab The present ruler His Highness Maharawal Sri Pertab Singhji, by
Singhji, the caste a Salunki Rajput, is the son of His Highness Maharawal Sri
present chief. Gulab Singhji. '
His Highness Maharawal Sri Pertab Singhji has opened a School, constructed
a road, and commenced Revenue Surveys, &c., for public good. The Maharawal
aged 14 years, has judicial inferior powers and is entitled to a salute
of 9 guns, which he received at the Imperial Assemblage, held at
Delhi, on the 1st January 1877, as a mark of personal distinction.
The State is now managed by the British Government on account of the
minority of His Highness the Maharawal. The cultivators of this hilly State
are very poor.
II. DHARMPUR, OR THE PROVINCE 95 RAMNAGAR.—Area 7944 square miles.
Population 74,500 souls. Revenue Rupees 2,50,000. Tribute Rupees 7,000.
The army consists of 144 Arabs, 50 Rajputs, 100 cavalry, six artillerymen,
and two field guns. Most of the villages of this State are given in contract to
Izaradars who pay their contract money in advance every year.
Sri Narain- The present ruler His Highness Maharana Sri Naraindeoji, by
deoji, the caste a Sesodiya Rajput, is the son of Maharana Ramdeoji Vija-
present chief.
Salute.
yadeoji.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 179
& • His Highness maintains one charitable dispensary and two schools,
*::::::::::: one English and the other Vernacular, where boys of all classes
£1CtS. receive. a good education. There is also a Court of Law where
civil as well as criminal cases are disposed of by a Nyāyādehish appointed by
the Darbar ; and His Highness the Maharana hears personally all the appeals
that are made against the Court.
The Maharana has four sons who are being properly educated under the care
and superintendence of an able tutor Sorabji Mancherji. The name of the
eldest son of the Maharana is Kuver Sri Dharamdeoji Dada Sahib, aged 19
years. ©
His Highness the Maharana is very fond of the arts and sciences, and takes
Special delight in Photography which he has mastered to perfection. His High-
ness is very solicitous about the good of his people, and is always ready to give a
helping hand where their welfare is concerned. The Maharana, aged 39 years, has
judicial inferior powers, and is entitled to a personal salute of 9
guns which he received at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi
on the 1st January 1877. ©
The principal amlahs of the State are Rao Sahib Bhagvatrao Babaji and Ram-
bhow Babaji.
* III. SACHIN.—Area 35% square miles. Population 17,985 souls. Revenue
Rupees 1,52,939. The army consists of 46 infantry, 17 cavalry, six artillerymen,
and eight guns.
Sidi Abdul • His Highness Sidi Abdul Kadar Muhammad Yakub Khan, the
sºam. present Nawab, is descended from one of the Abyssinian chiefs of
Khan. Jinjira.
His Highness the Nawab, now 14 years old, has judicial inferior powers, and
is entitled to a personal salute of 9 guns, which he received at the
Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi, on the 1st January 1877.
XVIII.—W IN C H U R .
THIS State is situated in the Niphada Taluka of the Nassik District, yielding
a revenue of Rupees 72,703. --
Vittal Rao Vittal Rao Shivdeo, a Dishasta Brahman, was the founder of this
Shivdeo. State. He distinguished himself as a brave soldier in the service of
the Raja of Sattara, and received the district of Winchur with the title of Umditul
Mulk Bahadur from the Emperor of Delhi.
Raghunath The present ruler His Highness Raja Raghunath Rao Wittal proved
†iºns. himself loyal during the mutiny of 1857, and has been created a Com.
lish during the panion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
mutiny. Raja Raghunath Raú, C.S.I., is now 55 years of age.
Salute.
Salute.
180 The Modern History of
SECTION VI.—S O U T H E R N IN D I A .
Chapter I.-Haidarabad.
HAIDARABAD or the dominion of the Nizam embraces a large ter-
ritory in the central portion of the peninsula, and is known generally
under the name of the Dekhan. It has an area of 98,000 square miles,
and a population of 10,500,000 souls. Revenue Rupees 2,00,00,000.
The army consists of about 37,000 infantry, 8,202 cavalry, 551 artil-
lerymen, 71 field and 654 other guns, º
Chin Kiich "The reigning family of Haidarabad was founded by Chin
*. in. Kilich Khan, who belonged to a respectable Turkish family.
In 1713, Emperor Aurangzib appointed Chin Kilich Khan
who was a distinguished military officer as Soubadar or Viceroy of
Dekhan, and was afterwards known by the title of Asaph Jah, or
Nizam-ul-Mulk. Asaph Jah remained for sometime at Delhi as
prime minister, and finally returned to his own Government in the
Dekhan. He was a man of such ability and valour, that even the
Bmperor feared him, and incited Mobariz Khan, the local Governor of
Haidarabad to conspire against his life. Mobariz Khan, instead of
being successful in his attempts, was slain by Asaph Jah in October
1724 “ who wrote to congratulate the Emperor on the victory he had
obtained over his master's nominee, and forwarded with the letter the
nominee's head From that date Asaph Jah conducted himself as an
independent prince.” Asaph Jah died in 1748, after having extended
his territory “from the Narbadda to Trichinapali, and from Masuli-
patam to Bijapur.” .
He left behind him six sons and six daughters, of whom
the second son Nazir Jang succeeded him, as the eldest son
Ghazi-ud-din was then holding a high office at the Imperial Court of
Muzaffar Delhi. The claims of Nazir Jang were, however, disputed
Jang. by Muzaffar Jang, a son of the younger daughter of Asaph
Jah, who loved him so much, that he had nominated him as his suc-
cessor. M. Dupleix, the Governor of the French settlements espoused
the cause of Muzaffar Jang, who at first surrendered himself to Nazir
Jang by whom he was immediately imprisoned. But after the murder
of Nazir Jang by Pathan rebels, he was released with the aid of the
Nazir Jang.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 181
French, and was proclaimed Soubadar or Viceroy of Dekhan (1750).
In February of the following year, while Muzaffar Jang was on his
way to take possession of Haidarabad, he was treacherously murdered
Salabat . by the Nawabs of Kadapah, Karnul and Savanur. His
Jang. . only son Salabat Jang, being a minor, the third son of
Asaph Jah was placed in power by the French. This prince concluded
a treaty with the English in 1759, by which he was bound
to exclude the French from his dominions, and ceded to
the English Másulipatam with eight districts, Nizapaşam and the
Treaty.
districts of Kondavir and Wakalmanuer as an enam or free gift.
Salabat Jang only reigned for ten years, as in 1761 he was deposed by
- e his younger brother Nizam Ali, who had him murdered two
Nizam Ali. - e e gº &
years afterwards while he was in prison. In 1765, Nizam
Ali invaded Karnatik, then under British protection, but was driven
back. The Nizam was making preparations for further war, but
“ the Madras Government, then labouring under pecuniary difficulties,
and alarmed at the prospect of a war, deputed General Calliaud to
Haidarabad to negotiate peace.” A treaty of mutual alliance was
concluded in 1766, by virtue of which the Honorable East India Com-
pany despatched a corps of two battalions for the reduction of the fort
of Bangalor, then in the possession of Haidar Ali. Several other
treaties were subsequently made and cancelled, on account of the
Nizam's having joined Haidar Ali in invading the Karnatik and desert-
ing the British alliance. Lord Cornwallis, however, made a treaty of
offensive and defensive alliance with the Nizam on 4th July 1790, at
Assists the the time of the war that ensued between Tippu Sultan and
* in the English. The Nizam most successfully co-operated
with Tippu with the English, “ in the military operations that led to
Sultan. the fall of Seringapatam and the overthrow of Tippu
Sultan.” After the death of Tippu Sultan, the Nizam received districts
yielding an annual revenue of Rupees 24,00,000, with two thirds of the
territories rejected by the Peishwa, but in 1800 all the territories thus
acquired were ceded to the English in perpetuity to defray the expenses
of the then increased subsidiary force. Nizam Ali died in 1803, leaving
Sikandar O eight Sons by different wives, of whom the second Sikandar
Jah. . Jah succeeded him. At the close of the Mahratta war,
182 - The Modern History of
this prince received in perpetuity all the territories which belonged to
Maharaja Daolat Rao Sindhia, situated to the southward of the hills
called the Adjunti Hills, including the fort and distriët of Jalanpur, the
town and district of Gandapur, and all other districts between that
range of hills and the river Godaveri, by the partition treaty of Haida-
rabad, dated 28th April 1804. 1n 1808, Mir Alim, the Nizam’s able
minister died, and was succeeded by Monir-ul-Mulk who being refrained
from taking any active part in the affairs of the State, left the manage-
ment to Chandu Tal a dependent of the British. The Nizam rendered
Assists good services during the Pindari and Mahratta wars of
. º 1817; and after the overthrow of the Peishwa, he received
Pindari, and a large increase of territory by the treaty of 12th December
Mahratta 1 822
WarS Sikandar Jah was on the whole a prince fond of ease
g *
and luxury, and as he led a life of seclusion and took no
interest in the affairs of the State, the people “suffered much from
the almost irresponsible administration of Chandu Lal.” During the
latter part of his reign such gross oppressions prevailed, that the State
was taken under British management. The British officers employed
in the different districts made a rapid improvement in the State, and
released it from debts, &c. O
Sikandar Jah died on May 24th, 1829, leaving the throne to his
Nazir-ud- eldest son Nazir-ud-Daula, who on his accession to the
Daula. throne, “requested that the direct interference of the
British Officers in the administration might be discontinued. The
Nizam's request was complied with.” Nazir-ud-Daula, however, could
not manage the State properly. The withdrawal of the interference of
the British Officers “was immediately followed by the return of disorder
and misrule. Every Department of the Government became disorga-
nised, and the credit of the State was so bad that bankers refused to
grant loans.” At this time Chandu Lal resigned the office of minister,
and the Nizam with the approval of the British Government, appointed
Appoints Suruj-ul-Mulk, son of Monir-ul-Mulk as his minister in
sº Jang 1843. Suruj-ul-Mulk died in 1853, and the Nizam with
tº: is minis the permission of the British Government appointed his
nephew Salar Jang as his mºnister. O
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 183
In 1853, the debt of the State had increased to upwards of
Rupees 45,00,000, and a new treaty was therefore concluded with the
Nizam, “by which the British Government agreed to maintain an auxi-
liary force of not less than 5,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry, and four field
batteries of artillery; and, to provide for its payment and for certain
pensions and the interest on the debt, the Nizam ceded in trust districts
yieding a gross revenue of fifty lakhs of Rupees, it being agreed that
accounts should be annually rendered to the Nizam, and that any surplus
revenue which might accrue should be paid to him. By this treaty the
Nizam, while retaining the full use of the subsidiary force and contin-
gent, was released from the obligation of furnishing a large force in time *
of war, and the contingent ceased to be part of the Nizam's army, and
became an auxiliary force kept up by the British Government for the
Nizam's use.”* Q
Afzul-ud- Nazir-ud-Daula died in 1857, leaving the throne to his
Daula. eldest son Afzul-ud-Daula. This prince being guided by
the counsels of his prime minister Sir Salar Jang, one of the ablest and
best of living Indian Statesmen, rendered good service during
* the mutiny. With a view to remove the difficulties that had
during the arisen under the commercial treaty of 1802, and to reward
mutiny. the Nizam for his services during the mutiny, the British
Government concluded a new treaty in December 1860 with the Nizam,
“ by which the debt of fifty lakhs due by him to the British was can-
celled ; and through cessions and exchanges of districts, the territories
to be held by the British in trust were reduced to an area yielding
Rupees 32,00,000, instead of one yielding Rupees 50,00,000, as had
been specified in the treaty of 1853.”
The Nizam had been created a Knight of the Star of India in 1861,
and in this year he resolved to remove his prime minister from office on
account of some misunderstanding with him, but by the influence of the
British Government Sir Salar Jang was maintained in office, which he
still holds with great credit.
Mir Mabub Afzul-ud-Daula died February 26th 1869, and was succeed-
Ali Khan. .ed by his infant son Mir Mabub Ali Khan, the present Nizam.
* Aitchison's Treaties,
184 The Modern History of
Sir Salar His Highness the young Nizam was too ill when His
*#, meets Royal Highness the Prince of Wales arrived.at Bombay on
the Prince H. : : & - -
of Wales at the 8th November 1875, and his representative Sir Salar
Bombay, and
Calcutta. Jang was therefore present at Bombay, as well as in Calcutta,
to meet His Royal Highness. Sir Jalar Jang attended the
grand reception of native princes held in both these places, and was
present at the Grand Chapter of the Star of India, held at Calcutta Qn
the 1st January 1876. The Prince paid him return visits both at
Bombay and Calcutta, and conversed with him in a friendly manner.
Nizam's pre- His Highness the Nizam was, however, present at the Im-
sence at the perial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877.
Delhi Darbar. His Highness’ grandmother Dilawar-u-Nisa Begam, has
been invested with the insignia of the Imperial Order
of the Crown of India in 1878. The Nizam is an intelligent prince
and is receiving a good education under the superintendence of Cap-
tain Clerk an English Officer, but “ much of his time is still spent
with his mother, Wadid-u-Nisa Begam, and with his grandmother,
Dilawar-u-Nisa Begam. While he is thus cared for, his State is under
the wise management of the great minister, Sir Salar Jang.” Sir
Salar Jang visited England in 1877, and was the guest of the Duke of
Sutherland. He received the honorary degree of D. L. L. from the
University of Oxford, and an address from the citizens of London as a
mark of great honour and distinction.
His Highness Sipah-Salar, Muzaffar-ul-Mumalik, Rustam-i-Dauran,
Aristu-e-Zaman, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur, Fatheh Jang, Nizam-
ud-Daula, Nizam-ul-mulk, Asaf Jah, has judicial powers of life and
death, and is entitled to a salute of 21 guns. His High-
Salute. - e
ness the Nizam is at present 13 years of age.
Nawab Sir Salar Jang Bahadur Muktiar-ul-mulk Suja-ud-Daula,
G.C.S.I., and Nawab Amir-i-Kabir Shams-ul-Umra Bahadur ; the two
able ministers of the State are entitled to a salute of 17 guns, which
they received at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st
January 1877, as a mark of personal distinction.
O
* Native Chiefs and their States,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 185
Chapter II—Maisur.
THIS principalfty is bounded on the north by Dharwar and Bellari;
on the South by Salem and Koimbatur; on the east by Kaddapa and
North Afcot; and on the west by Kourg and the Western Ghats. It
has an area of 27,077 square miles, and a population of 5,055,412
Souls. The estimated revenue is Rupees 1,02,09,723. A sum of
Rupees 21,50,000, is paid annually to the British Government for the
support of a contingent. The military force consists of 1,000 infantry,
35 cavalry, and six guns.
At the commencément of the fifteenth century, the two brothers
Early Vijai Raj, and Kristna Raj, belonging to the Yadu tribe
history. came as strangers to Hadana, and established sovereign
powers over two forts, and a few villages then comprising a small terri-
tory to the west of the Karnatik. ©
Heri Battad They were followed by Heri Bettad Chamraj I., Timma
Chamraj I, Raj, and Heri Chamraj, called the six fingered.
Timma Raj, ë e o
and Heri Heri Chamraj, the six fingered, ruled in the early part
* of the sixteenth century, and was succeeded by Heri
§º. Bºtad Chamraj II, who, in 1524, divided his small posses-
sions amongst his three sons. The youngest of whom,
§§ Cham Raj the Bald, received as his share the fort of
Puragarh which he repaired in the same year, and changed
its name to Maheshasur, i. e., the Buffalo-headed Monster now known
under the appellation of Maisur. Cham Raj, the Bald, was followed
tº by two or three princes; of whom the last Raj Wadiar was
Raj Wadiar. gº • e
a man of considerable ability, who greatly extended the
limits of Maisur, conquered the fort of Kambala and the city of Serin-
gapatam. “ originally called Siri Ranga Pattan, or the city of the holy
IRanga, and which had long been the seat of the expelled sovereign of
Vizianagar.” (1609).”
Chamraj Raja Wadiar died in 1617, and was succeeded by his grand-
Wadiar. son Chamraj Wadiar who successfully reigned for a period
O
* Colonel G, B, Malleson's Nativo States.
© 24
186 The Modern History of
of twenty years. He died in 1637, and was succeeded by
Imadi Raj, his uncle Imadi Raj, son of Raj Wadiar. Imadi was poi-
Ranadhira Soned by his minister, and was succeeded by Ranadhira
§º. Rantirai Narsa Raj who was as warlike as his predecessors,
being possessed of a chivalrous spirit, and extraordinary
strength. He slew in single combat a celebrated champion at the Court
of Trichinapali, repulsed the king of Bijapur who beseiged Seringa-
patam, gained a great victory over the Raja of Magri, extended his domi-
nions towards Vizianagar and Madura, and established a mint at Seringa-
patam. He died in 1659, and was succeeded by his adopted son
Dodda. Dodda” Devaraj. This prince also enlarged his dominions
T]evaraj. ©
by the absorption of some petty States, drove away the
Raja of Bednur, who invaded his territory, and defeated the Naik of
Madura. ©
Chicka He died in 1672, and was succeeded by Chickaf Devaraj
Devaraj. who added 13 districts to his territories, and obtained the
title of Raja from the Emperor Aurangzib. An ivory throne was also
presented to him by the Emperor, about which Colonel Wilks informs
us, that “it is the same, which in the year 1799, was found in a lumber
room of Tippu Sultan's palace, was employed in the installation of the
present Raja, and is always used by him on occasions of public cere-
mony.” Chicka Devaraj was also recognised by Aurangzib “as a
sovereign prince independent of all but the Moghal.” He died in
* 1704, and was succeeded by Kantirava Maharaj, who was
born deaf and dumb, and did not at all possess the power of
administering the country like his predecessors. -
Dodda, Rantirava died in 1713, and was succeeded by Dodda
Kristnaraj. Kristmaraj. This prince was an imbecile who left the
whole power of the State in the hands of his ministers of whom
Deva Raj, and his cousin Nanja Raj I., were the most influential
who allowed him “to enjoy the empty pageantry of power, con-
tenting themselves with its practical exercise.” He after an in-
•e
* Dodda, means “great, i. e., “Senior.”
# Chicka, means “little,” i. e., “Junior.”
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 187
glorious reign of 18 years died in 1731; and was succeeded by
†entu Hadinentu Tingal Chamraj who dismissed the old minis-
ingal
Chamraj.
ters, afīd appointed his own creatures in their places. Deva
Raj, therefore, taking advantage of the absence of the Raja
from the city seized the palace with a small force, and gained over the
troops. The Raja was also seized and sentenced to life-imprisonment
on the hill of Kabul Drug, where he soon expired owing to the very bad
climate, and unwholesome food supplied to him during his captivity.
Since the deposition of Hadinentu Tingal Chamraj, the dynasty of
Maisur began to be extinct, notwithstanding “a member of the old
family held the nominal office of Raja, all the authority in the State
was in the hands of Hindu or Muhammadan usurpers.” The two
Immadi, or ministers Deva Raj, and Nanja Raj I., raised Immadi or
Chicka Chicka Kristnaraj to the throne as a nominal sovereign.
* Shortly after Nanja Raj I, died, and a few months later
Maisur was invaded by Dost Ali, the Nawab of Karnatik; but his army
was completely defeated by Deva Raj. Deva Raj afterwards appointed
his younger brother, also named Nanja Rajas commander of the army.
Haidar Ali. Nanja Raj II. employed Haidar Sahib, or Haidar Ali then
thirty years of age as one of his soldiers.
Haidar Ali was the son of Fatteh Muhammad, and the grandson
of Muhammad Bhelol who originally came from the Panjab and
founded a small mosque near Haidarabad.
In 1755, Salabat Jang, Soubadar of Dekhan, with the aid of a
French army under the command of Bussy, attacked Seringapatam ;
and Deva Raj was compelled to make peace on payment of a large sum
of Rupees 56,00,000. Nanja Raj II. was, on the other hand, forced to
give up a portion of the territory of Maisur, when the Mahrattas at-
tacked Seringapatam in 1757. At this time a disagreement took place
between Deva Raj and Nanja Raj II., the former left Seringapatam
with his own share, consisting of an immense wealth, and the latter
Nanja Raj II. held the supreme power. But by the in-
trigues of Haidar Ali, he was afterwards obliged to resign
his post, and to take up his residence at Kunur, a place situated at a
distance of 25 miles from Maisur.
His intrigues.
188 The Modern History of
When the nominal sovereign Chicka Kristnaraj died in 1766,
“Haidar Ali had invested his eldest son with all the dignities of a
Nanja Raj Sovereign prince; but learning soon after that the young
Wadiar. prince Nanja Raj Wadiar, had evinced some of the yearn-
ings for liberty natural to man, he refused to pay the amount that had
been allotted for the maintenance of the sovereign, plundered the palace
of all its eash and valuables, with the exception of the ornaments on
the persons of the women, reduced the household, and replaced those
who were expelled, by his own spies. Five years later, during a crisis
in Haidar's fortunes, this Raja attempted to open negociations with the
Mahrattas.” He being detected in the intrigue was strangled by order
ºi. of Haidar Ali, who invested his brother Bettad Chamraj as
a titular sovereign. This prince died in 1775, but as Haidar
Chama liked to have a pageant Raja invested his adopted son Chama
Raj. Raj, whom he treated with the utmost harshness and
severity.
The British Government first concluded a commeréial
#. x. treaty with Haidar Ali in 1763. Reserving, however, the
various steps of Haidar Alis' career it must be admitted,
that he was the most formidable and the most inveterate foe that the
English had. It was by his influence that the Nizam of
Hºw Haidarabad deserted the British alliance, and joined him in
invading the Karnatik; but “their united forces were de-
feated, and the Nizam was detached from the alliance with Haidar by the
treaty of 1768.” In the following year Haidar Ali having made a ra-
pid movement of his cavalry appeared within five miles of the city of
Madras, and the English concluded a treaty fearing the plunder of the
town. By the virtue of this treaty, dated 3rd April 1769, “Haidar
Ali claimed assistance against the Mahrattas with whom he was at war,
but his request was refused on the ground that he had been the aggres-
sor by withholding the chout which was due. He was reduced to great
difficulties by the Mahrattas, and was glad to make peace on very disad-
vantageous terms. During the distractions at the Puna Court, Haidar
recovered most of the territories which had been wrested from him by
the Mahrattas, but he never forgave *the English for fefusing him
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 189
assistance in his difficulties.” In 1780, i. e., two years before the declara-
tion of war between England and France ; Haidar having collected a
large force burst-into the Karnatik, and “the British army was so
crippled by a defective commissariat that it could effect nothing decisive.”
The health of Haidar Ali had been declining during the past few
years, and his end was hastened by the fatigues of the field.
© He died at an advanced age of eighty on the 7th December
1782, leaving behind him the reputation of being one of the ablest,
most enterprising and successful adventurers in India.
T]eath.
Tippu His eldest son and successor Tippu Sultan assumed
Sultan. g wº
both the nominal and real supremacy after the demise of
the pageant Raja Chama Raj in 1795. Tippuransacked the palace, while
Mumaddi or Kristna Raj Wadiar, the infant son of the late Raja was
only two years old; despoiled the personal ornaments of the young
prince, his mother and his relations; and removed them to a wretched
His mili- hovel in a neighbouring place. He like his father possessed
tºry ‘areer, great warlike capacities, and was by far the strongest of
almost all the native sovereigns then ruling in India. While seventeen
years of age Tippu plundered the country seats around Madras, and
subsequently made wars with the Rnglish, the Nizam, and the Peishwa.
On the outbreak of the second war with Tippu, the armies of the
British Government, and the Nizam marched against him, and the war
- was terminated by the capture of Seringapatam, and the
Death. death of Tippu Sultan who fell bravely defending the fort,
on the 4th May 1799.
At the conclusion of this war, the conquered territories were
divided between the British Government, and the Nizam. The terri-
tories offered to the Peishwa were rejected, and subsequently shared
between the British Government and the Nizam. A considerable por-
tion of the territory then yielding 13,74,076 Pagodas were assigned to
Kristna Raj Kristna Raj Wadiar, the last recognized descendant of the
Wadiar. Hindu house of Maisur, by setting aside the family of Tippu,
whose descendants were first removed to Vellore, and then to Calcutta.
The young prince Kristha Raj Wadiar, son of Chama Raj, was
only six years old, when Lord Wellesley found him in a wretched hovel
190 The Modern History of
with his mother and relations. The British Government appointed
Purnia an able Brahman minister to administer the affairs of the State
during the Maharaja's minority. Purnia, resigned his office in 1812,
leaving in the Treasury a surplus sum of seventy-five lakhs of Pagodas
or two krors of Rupees, and in this year the Maharaja assumed the full
administration of Government. He being too fond of pleasure and
luxury, soon “dissipated all the treasure acquired by the Dewan and
involved himself deeply in debt.” The Maharaja by the continued
course of misgovernment forced his subjects to break into open revolt,
and the British Government therefore deemed it necessary to interfere
in 1831, with a view to save the State from anarchy. From that time,
Maisur was governed by British Officers on behalf of the Maharaja,
until his death.
Maharaja Kristna Raj Wadiar who was invested with the insignia
of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India died in
Chamrajen- 1868, and was succeeded by his adopted son Chamrajendra
dra Wadiar. Wadiar, the present chief. O
Meets the His Highness the young Maharaja met His Royal High-
Prince of mess the Prince of Wales at Bombay on the 8th November
... 1875. The Prince shook hands with him, and received him
with cordiality at the grand reception of native princes
held on the following day. The Maharaja’s noble and amiable appear-
ance attracted the eyes of those who were present on the occasion, and
the Prince seemed pleased to see him. On the 10th November 1875,
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales paid him a return visit. The
Maharaja was present at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi
on the 1st January 1877, and was warmly received by His Excellency
Lord Lytton, the Viceroy and Governor General.
Owing to the minority of the Maharaja, the State is still adminis-
tered by the British Government, but in 1880 His Highness will attain
his majority. Colonel Malleson, who was for a few years Tutor and
Guardian to the Maharaja remarks, that “His Highness is being
taught all, with the exception of Latin and Greek, which would be
taught in an English School. He has learned to ride, even to hunt
with the hounds, to play cricket, and to drive. He has manifested a
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 191
cheerful, steady, and painstaking disposition. He is punctual and
methodical in his habits, and evinces an amiability of character which
promises well for the future. It requires only, the care and interest
hitherto bestowed upon him to be continued, to make him eminently
qualified to fulfil the duties which will devolve upon him.”
Dowager Devaji Asumani Sitavilas (Dowager Rani of Maisur),
Rani, has been invested with the insignia of the Imperial Order
of the Crown of India in 1878.
His Highness Maharaja Chamtºjendro Wadiar Bahadur, now 17
years old, has judicial powers of life and death, and is enti-
* tied to a salute of 21 guns.
Lachman Rao and Bakshi Narsappa, the two able Aide-de-camps
of His Highness the Maharaja, received the title of “Rai Bahadur”
at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877.
Chattepaliem Rango Charlu, Controller of the household of His
Highness the Maharaja, has been appointed a Companion of the Order
of the Indian Empire on the 1st January 1878.
Chapter III.-Travancor.
THIS principality lies to the south of Kochin and the British
district of Koimbatur, and extends thence to Cape Komorin. It has
an area of 5,663 square miles, and a population of 2,311,379 souls.
The revenue is Rupees 53,50,000, and the tribute is Rupees 8,00,000. The
army consists of 1,680 infantry, 30 artillerymen, and four guns.
Early The early history of Travancor is involved in obscurity.
history. According to tradition, the country was first reclaimed from
the sea by the powerful Saint Sri Paras Rama, and inhabited by
Namburis or a class of aboriginal Brahmans, who invited the Kshatriya
chiefs to come and govern the country. Hence, it “ has always been
under Hindu rule and governed by Hindu laws.”
Mastanda. Prior to the succession of Raja Mastanda Warma to the
Varma. throne of Travangor in I740, the territory was divided into
a large number of petty principalities, whose chiefs were constantly
192 The Modern History of
engaged in disputes with their neighbours for superiority, and indepen-
dence. During the course of eighteen years Raja Mastanda was highly
successful in subduing many of the petty chiefs by the aid of a body
of troops well disciplined and directed by DeLanoy a Flemish Officer.
Vanji Bala Mastanda Varma died in 1758, and was succeeded by
Perumal. Wanji Bala Perumal, who by the continued assistance of
DeLanoy completed the task of subduing the remaining chiefs and reduce
ing them under his power. Raja Vanji Bala Perumal was found to be
a good firm ally of the British during the wars with Tippu Sultan and
his father Haidar Ali ; and in 1784, the Honorable East India Com-
pany included him in the treaty made between them and
Tippu Sultan. “In 1788, when threatened by Tippu Sultan,
the Raja entered into an agreement to allow two battalions of Sepoys
to be stationed on his frontier. In 1789, Tippu Sultan attacked the
Raja, forced the lines which had been erected for the defence of the country
Treaty.
on its northern frontier towards Kochin, overrunning and cruelly devas.
tating the Travancor territory. In consequence of this attack on one
war with of its allies, the British Government declared war with
Tippu, Tippu ; and on the conclusion of peace in 1792, Tippu was
Peace. compelled to restore all that he had wrested from the Raja
of Travancor.” A commercial treaty was concluded with the Raja on
the 28th January 1793, to supply pepper to the British Government
in lieu of arms and miscellaneous European articles and by the treaty
of 1795, the Raja bound himself “to pay an annual subsidy adequate to
maintain three battalions of sepoys together with a company of European
artillery and two companies of lascars, to be always stationed (if the
Raja desired it), in his country or on the frontiers near it, or in any other
part within the Company's possessions where he should prefer.”
Raja Wanji Bala Perumal died in 1799, and was succeed-
Rama Varma * { } ©
£ºmmai. Ted by Raja Rama Varma Perumal. During the reign of
this prince the treaty of 1795, was revised on the 2nd May 1805, which
“in fact, reduced Travancor to the position of a dependent and protec-
ted State.” •e
Latchmi Baja Rama Varma Perumal died in 1811, and was suc-
Ralli. ceeded by Latchmi Rani, until a male heir should be born
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 193
to her in accordance to the very peculiar custom and laws which gov-
ern the succession to the State of Travancor. “The descent, according
Law of to thé usages of the Nairs of the Western Coast, is in the
inheritance, female line. Thus on the death of a Raja the sovereignty
passes, ‘not to his sons, who can in no case inherit, but to his uterine
brothers, if he has any. Failing these, or on their demise, it passes to
his sisters' sons, or to his sisters' daughters' sons, and so on. Hence it
follows that the only adoptions which are performed by the Rajas of
Travancor are, flot of males to supply the place of sons. of their own
body, but of females through whom the line must be continued. Any
failure in the direct female descent requires the Selection and adoption
of two or more females from the immediate relatives of the family who
reside at certain places in Travancor. The females so adopted are
designated the Tumbrattis or Ranis of Attinga,” and by the laws and
usages of Travancor are assigned a distinguished rank as alone entitled
tº give heirs to the State, and enjoy many important privileges.” .
Latchmi Rani delivered a son on the 18th April 1813,
and in the following year she died leaving the throne to
her infant sºn under the regency of her sister and the counsels of the
British Resident. The young Raja having attained his majority in
1829, was formally installed on the Gaddi. He died in
Her son.
Martanda.
Varma. 1846, leaving the throne to his brother Martanda Varma.
Rama On the death of this prince, the State devolved upon his
Varma. second nephew Rama Varma, the present Maharaja.
His Highness the Maharaja, “who is a highly educated, accom-
plished and travelled Prince, is one of the ablest and best rulers in India.
He speaks English fluently and correctly, and carries on an extensive
correspondence in that language. In addition to his own tongue,
Malayalim, he can speak Hindi, Mahratti, Tamil, and Telugu. His
Highness has, moreover, a refined and cultivated taste in literature and
* “So, called because Attinga is the residence of the ladies of the family of
Travancor from whom the Tumbrattis, or the maidans selected to perpetuate the
line, are taken. The maidans adopted for this purpose become Tumbrattis on
certain ceremonies being performed publicly at Attinga and in the chief temple
of Trevandſtum.”—Aitchison's Treaties,
© 25 *
194 The Modern History of
Meets the music.” His Highness the Maharaja met His Royal High-
Prince of mess the Prince of Wales at the Railway Station at Madras,
Wales. on Monday, 13th December 1875, and paid his respects at
the levee held at the Government House there. The Maharaja was
also present at Calcutta to meet the Prince on the 23rd December 1875,
and was invited to attend the grand reception of native princes, and the
Chapter of the Star of India, held on the 1st January 1876. On all
occasions, the Prince conversed with him in a friendly manner, gave
him attar and pan, and paid him return visits both at Madras and
Calcutta. *
The Maharaja who had been already invested with the insignia of
the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, received the most
Increase of honourable title of “Counsellor of the Empress” with an
Salute. increase of salute from 19 to 21 guns at the Imperial
Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. He has also been
declared to be an ex-officio, and for life a Companion and M ember of the
Order of the Indian Empire on the 1st January 1878. *
His Highness Sri Padmanabha Dasa Vanji Bala Rama Varma
Kulashekara Kiritapati Munne, Sultan Maharaj; Raja Rama, Raja
Bahadur Sir Shamsher Jang, G.C.S.I. : Counsellor of the Empress, &c.,
is at present 47 years of age, and has judicial powers of life and
death. The right of adoption has also been guaranteed to him.
Shashia Shastri, the prime minister of His Highness the Maharaja,
was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of
India on the 1st January 1878.
Chapter IV.-Kochin.
The principality of Kochin lies immediately to the south of Mala-
bar. It has an area of 1,361 square miles, and a population of 598,353
souls. The revenue is estimated at Rupees 13,08,514. The tribute
is Rupees 2,00,000. The army consis of 300 infantry and three
guns. -
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 195
The ruling family of Kochin belong tô the pure chettiar race.
Early They are said to have been descended from Cheruman
history. Peruthal, the last of the potentates who in the early part of
the ninth century, established an independent sovereignty over the whole
compass of territory extending from Gokuru in North Kanara to Cape
Rumari. Colonel Malleson informs us, that “it is difficult to trace
their history back to a period so remote. There are, however, authentic
records to show that the Rajas succumbed at an early period to the
Portuguese, who built a fort at Kochin. In 1662 the fort and town
yielded to an attack made upon them by the Dutch, under whose man-
agement the town of Kochin attained a high degree of prosperity.
The Dutch made no attempt to conquer the remainder of the
country, but left the Raja there to reign supreme. Here, in 1759, the
Raja was attacked by the Zamorin of Malabar; but he in his turn was
expelled by the Raja of Travancor, to whom, as a reward for his assist-
ance..the Raja of Kochin transferred a portion of his territories.
Kochin preserved her independence till the year 1776,
º when the country was conquered by Haidar Ali. Haidar
gontented himself with exacting a tribute from the Raja,
who continued in a state of dependence to him and his son Tippu till
the breaking out of the war of 1790.” *
In 1792, Tippu Sultan ceded all claims upon Kochin to the English,
and the Honorable East India Company conceded the full sovereignty
Raja Veru- to Raja Verulam Tumbarum with whom a treaty was con-
lam Tumba- cluded in the preceding year, by which he had agreed
I'll Dºl, to pay an annual subsidy of Rupees 1,00,000.
In 1809, the minister of Kochin with the aid of the minister of
Travancor suddenly accumulated troops, and attacked the English. This
insurrection, however, was immediately suppressed, and a new treaty was
Treaty. concluded with the Raja by which he bound himself to pay an
annual sum of Arcot Rupees 1,76,037, i. e., Company’s Rupees 2,76,037,
in six equal instalments, to cover the expense of maintaining a subsi-
diary force of a battalion of native infantry. It was subsequently
reduced to Rupees 2,00,000, it which sum the tribute of Kochin now
stands.
196 The Modern History of
. . ~~ Raja Ravi Virma, who succeeded to power on the death
Ravi Wirma.
of his brother in 1853, made several improvements in the
Rama country. He died in 1864, and was sucteeded by Rama
Virma. Wirma, the present Raja, who has been invested with the
insignia of a Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order "of the
Star of India. -
His Highness Raja Sir Rama Wirma, K.C.S.I., is a good Sanskrit
scholar, and an able ruler who administers the affairs of the State on
principles based on the English model. His Highness "with the assist-
ance of his prime minister Istakant Shantoni Menon, C.S.I., has made
considerable improvements in the various departments into which the
State is divided, such as, Military, Judicial, Financial, Land Revenue,
Public Works, Medical, Education, &c.
Meets the The Raja met His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
Prince of at the Railway Station at Madras, on the 13th December 1875,
Wales. and was present at the levee held there to pay his respects
to the Prince who gave him attar and shook hands. O
His Highness the Raja, aged 44 years, has judicial powers of life
- and death, and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns. The
salute. right of adoption has also been guaranteed to him.
As in Travancor, the succession to the throne descends, through
the female branch of the family.
Chapter V.-Mediatized and Minor States.
(4%abetically arranged). * 4
S I.—BANGANAPALLI.
THE area is 206 square miles. Population 45,065 souls. Revenue Rupees
2,30,000. e -
Muhammad Muhammad Beg Khan, eldest son of the Grand Vizir of the Em-
Beg Khan. peror Aurangzib, was the founder of this State. By the treaty of
1800, the State comprising the grants from the Maharaja of Maisur and the Nizam
of Haidarabad was conferred on Muzaffar Mulk and his heirs by the Honorable
East India Company. In the year 1825, such disorders took place, that the British
Government Was forced to take charge of the administration of the State and to
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 197
allow the Collector of Kaddapa to examine the accounts ; settle the claims of the
creditors &c., but after a long period of twenty-three years the jaghir was restored
ºniº Ali to Husain Ali Khan, the eldest surviving heir (1848).
ld Il,
Golam Ali Husain Ali Khan was succeeded by his nephew Golam Ali Khan,
Khan. O who was created a Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the
Star of India, Said Golam Ali Khan, C. S. I., died in October 1868 and was
Fatteh Ali succeeded by his nephew and Son-in-law Fatteh Ali Khan, the
han. present chief. This prince has received the hereditary title of Nawab
from the British Government, and was invested with the insignia of a Com-
panion of the Most Exalted order of the Star of India at the •Imperial Assem-
blage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. &
His Highness Nawab Said Fatteh Ali Khan Sahib Bahadur, C. s. I, has
judicial inferior powers.
II. — P U D U K. O.T.T A.
THE area is 1,380 square miles. Population 316,695 souls. Revenue Rupees
5,00,000. The army consists of 126 infantry, 21 troopers, and 3,260 militia, be-
sfies armed servants and watchmen. ****
The British connection with this State commenced at the seige of Trichina-
Tondiman palli in 1753. Its chief known as the Tondiman Raja was the
Raja. gldest and the best ally of the Engfish who rendered valuable ser-
vices “in the wars with Haidar Ali and in the operations against the rebellious
usurpers of the large zamindary of Sivaganga in the Madura District after the
cession of Karnatik.” The British Government in recognition of these services
conferred upon the Raja the fort and district of Kilameli, yielding an annual
revenue of Rupees 30,000. -
His Excellency Raja Rama Chandra Tondiman Bahadur, the pre-
Rama Chandra . e * -
Tondiman, the sent chief, succeeded his father Raghunada Tondiman in 1839, while
Present Raja, he was only nine years old. His Excellency the Raja has a fair know-
1edge of the English, French, Tamil, Telegu, Hindi and Mahratti languages,
besides his own vernacular. His Excellency is at present 50 years of age.
III.-S.A. N. D U R.
THE area is 140 square miles. Population 14,994 souls. Revenue Rs. 46,824.
Morari Rao, The Rajas of Sandur are descended from the family of Morari Rao,
the founder. the famous Mahratta chief of Guti.
During the reign of Siva Rao, the principality of Sandur was.
conquered by the English (in 1817), but after the lapse of a few
months it was restored to him in June 1818. A sannad was also given to Siva
Siva Rao,
198 The Modern History of
Rao in 1826, conferring upon him and his heirs for ever the jaghir of Sandur on
the condition of maintaining faith and allegiance to the British Government.
Siva Rao was succeeded by his adopted son Wencata Rao in 1840,
who received the right of adoption in 1862.
Siva Shan The present chief His Highness Raja Siva Shan Mukha Rap, Hindu
Mukha Rao. Rao Ghorpuri, Mamlekat Madar, Senapatti; has received the here-
ditary title of Raja from Government. His Highness is 32 years of age, and has a
knowledge of Telegu and Kanarese besides his own vernacular. gº
Vencata Rao.
SECTION VII.-EASTERN INDIA.
Chapter I.-Kassia, Hill States.
THE Kassia Hill States are twenty-five in number, of which the
five principal ones, viz., Chiſſa Punji, Khairim, Nasting, Sangri, and
Naspang, are called the semi-independent States, whose chiefs “exercise
civil and criminal jurisdiction over their own people in all matters
pertaining exclusively to them. With exception of Chira Punji and
Rhairim, the British Government has no formal agreement with the
chiefs of any of these five States, but the chiefs have always been
required to deliver up criminal refugees, and to obey all the mandates
of the British Government, and it has been the invariable practice to
treat them all in the same manner as the Chira Raja is treated.”
The remaining twenty States are Nangklow, Molim, Marriao,
Tamri and Mowli, Cheyla, Dowarrah Naturmen, Mowseuram, Mowdan
Punji, Mahram, Mallai Chammut, Bhawal, Sinai Punji, Lengkhan
Punji, Mowyang, Nabo Sopho, Jirang, Syung, Moflong Punji, Mow-
long Punji, and Laiksom Punji. These petty States are commonly
known as the “Dependent States,” of which Nangklow and Molim are
the principal ones. *
Chapter II.-Kuch Behar.
This State has an area of 1,306 square miles, and a population of
532,565 souls. The revenue is estimated at Rupees 10,00,000, and the
tribute is Rupees 67,700. The army consists of 80 men only.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 199
The principality of Kuch Behar came under British protection
Durrinder when its minor chief Raja Durrinder Narain, by race a
Narain. Rajbangshi, was imprisoned by the Bhutias (1772). Raja
Durrinder Narain applied to the British Government for aid through
his minister Nazir Deo promising to pay half his revenue to the Honor-
able East India Company. The British Government agreed to the
© proposals and expelled the Bhutias from the country. A
Treaty. treaty was also conclºded on the 5th April 1773, by which
the Raja “agreed to acknowledge subjection to the British Government,
allow Kuch Behar to be annexed to Bengal, defray the expenses of the
operations against the Bhutias, and make over half of his annual
revenues.” In 1780, Raja Durrinder Narain died and was succeeded
Dhujinder by his father Dhujinder Narain, who had been taken pri-
Nargin. soner by the Bhutias on account of his having killed his
brother, but who had been liberated in accordance to the treaty made
with the Deb Raja of Bhutan on the 25th April 1774.
Harindar Raja Dhujinder Narain was succeeded by his infant son,
Narain. Harindar Narain in 1783. This prince died after a long
Sibinder reign of 56 years in 1839, leaving the throne to his son,
Nº Sibinder Narain, who, in 1847, was succeeded by his
Narain. nephew and adopted son, Narindra Narain. Raja Narindra
Narain died after a reign of 16 years in August 1863, and
Nºte was succeeded by his son Nripendra Narain, the present
chief. -
His Highness Raja Nripendra Narain Bhup Bahadur was the
only prince from Bengal who was present at the Imperial Assemblage,
held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877. The Raja received a good
education at the Patna College, and has made considerable progress
under the care of an English Tutor. His Highness married” on the
6th March 1878, the eldest daughter of Babu Keshub Chunder Sen, the
leader of the progressive Brahmos of Calcutta.
* “The principal event of the year was the marriage of the Raja to the
daughter of Babu Keshub Chunder. Sen, the leader of the Brahmo Somaj. The
marriage was celebrated on the 6th March 1878, at the Raj Bari in Kuch Behar,
in the presence of a large assemblage composed of Natives and Europeans. Some
difficulty was experienced in reconciling the Hindu and Brahmo ceremonial
200 The Modern History of
His Highness has judicial inferior powers, and is entitled
Salute. to a salute of 13 guns. The Raja being still a minor, aged
17 years only, the State is under the management of the Commissioner
of Kuch Behar. His Highness will be styled Maharaja on his attain-
ing majority. ©
Babu Calica Das Dutt Rai Bahadur, B.A.B.L., is the present prime
minister of His Highness the Raja. º
©
Chapter III.-Manipur.
THIS State has an area of 3,000 square miles, and a population of
126,000 souls. Its revenue is Rupees 50,000.
Garib Garib Nawaz, a Kshattri, was the founder of this State,
Nawaz, the who “made several successful invasions of Burmah, but
founder. made no permanent conquest.” *
Guru Sham * Sham and Jai Singh, grandsons of Garib Nawaz,
and Jai sought the aid of the English when the Burmese invaded
Singh. Manipur, and a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive,
was negotiated with them on the 14th September 1762. This treaty
was again modified in October 1763. sº
Chanderkirti The present ruler His Highness Maharaja Chanderkirti
Singh. Singh, son of Gambhir Singh, one of the sons of Jai Singh,
has judicial inferior powers. His Highness the Maharaja pays no
tribute to the British Government, and is entitled to a
Salute. salute of 11 guns.
forms; for the Raja is not a Brahmo, it was necessary to the legality of the mar-
riage that the rites should be in accordance with the Hindu religion. The ordin-
ary Hindu ceremony was modified so as to meet the wishes of Babu Keshub
Chunder Sen ; but the fact that Brahmins consented to perform it shows that
the marriage was recognized by the Hindus as Orthodox. Shortly after his mar-
riage the Raja left India on a visit to Europe, and he is expected to return to the
country in March 1879. Suitable arrangements have been made for the residence
of the Rani with her father, and for her education during the Raja's absence.”
—Report on the Administration of Bengal, 1877-78.
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 201
!
Chapter IV.-Tippera.
THE area of Tippera is 3,867 square miles. Population 74,242
souls. Revenue Rupees 1,86,932. Tribute Rupees 67,700.
The Rajas of Tippera did not acknowledge the supremacy of the
Muhammadan conquerors for a period of about 341 years, but since
1620 they became subordinate to the Muhammadan power. In 1765,
Krishna the State of Tippera was taken under British protection,
Manik. and Maharaj a Krishna Manik was recognised as its ruler.
Bir Chand The present chief, His Highness Maharaja Bir Chand
Manik. Manik, has judicial powers of life and death, and is entitled
Salute. to a salute of 13 guns. His Highness is “an amateur
photographer and painter, and has exhibited considerable taste and
aptitude for scientific pursuits.” He is now about 42 years of age.
Chapter V.-Mediatized and Minor States.
O (Alphabetically arranged).
T.—THE TRIBUTARY MAHALS OF CHOTA. NAGPUR.
THE following petty States of Chota Nagpur were ceded to the British
Government by the Mahrattas in 1826, and their chiefs have judicial inferior
powers, but under the authority of the British Commissioner.
I. BAONI.—Area 1,297 square miles. Population 24,832 Souls. Revenue
Rupees 3,500. Tribute Rupees 200. ...”
Raja Tekait Dyanidhi Deo Bahadur, son of Chandar Deo, by race a Kshattri,
is the present chief. This prince received the title of Bahadur from the
British Government on the 5th May 1871, for his having rendered good services
during the Keonjhar rebellion of 1867-68, and succeeded to the title of Raja on
the death of his father on the 12th September 1876.
II. CHANG BHU KAR.—Area 906 Square miles. Population 8,919 souls.
Revenue Rupees 1,600. Tribute Rupees 380.
Raja Bhaya Balabhadra Singh, a Kshattri, aged 54 years, is the present
chief. gº
III. GANGPUR.—Area 2,484 square miles. Population 73,637 Souls, Reve.
nue Rupees 8,500. Tribute Rupees 500,
© 26
202 The Modern History of
Raja Raghunath Sikar Deo, a Kshattri, aged 28 years, is the present
chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja in 1871. .
IV. JUSHPUR.—Area 1,947 square miles. Population*66,926 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 14,000. Tribute Rupees 770.
Raja Pertap Narain Singh Deo, a Kshattri, aged 50 years, is the present
chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 3rd December 1859.
W. KHARSOWAN.—Area 149 square miles. Population 26,280 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 7,500. Thakur Raghunath Singh Deo, a Kshattri, aged 38 years," is
the present chief, -
VI. KoREA.—Area 1,631 square miles. Population 21,127 souls. Revenue
Rupees 5,450. Tribute Rupees 400.
Raja Pran Singh Deo, a Kshattri, aged 19 years, is the present chief. He
received the hereditary title of Raja on the 8th July 1875.
VII. SERAIKELLA.—Area 457 square miles. Population 66,347 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 17,000. -
Raja Chakradhar Singh Deo Bahadur, a Kshattri, aged 71 years, is the
present chief. He received the title of Raja Bahadur from Government on the
18th February 1856, on account of his loyalty and the valuable services rendered
by his father Azambar Singh to the British Government during the Kol campaign
of 1827.
VIII. SIRGUJA.—Area 6,103 sequare miles. Population 182,831 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 27,620. Tribute Rupees 1,890. e
Maharaja Indarjit Singh Deo, a Kshattri, aged 54 years; being insane, the
State is managed by his brother the Raja of Udaipur. The British Government
conferred on Indarjit Singh Deo the hereditary title of Maharaja on the 23rd
December 1872. .
IX. UDAIPUR.—Area 1,051 square miles. Population 27,708 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 4,000. Tribute Rupees 530.
Raja Dhurmjit Singh Deo, a Kshattri, is the present chief. He received the
hereditary title of Raja at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st
January 1877. -
II.--THE TRIBUTARY MAHALS OF ORISSA.
The following Tributary States of Orissa were ceded to the British Govern-
ment by the Mahrattas in 1803-4, and their chiefs “administer criminal and civil
justice under the undefined authority of the British Government.”
I. AUTGHAR.—Area 168 square miles. Population 26,366 Souls. Revenue
Rupees 14,930.
Raja Sri Karan Bhagirathi Biwarta Patnaik, a Kayath, aged 35 years is
the present chief, He received the hereditasy title of Raja on the 21st May
1874, f
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 203
II. AUTMULLICK.—Area 730 square miles. Population 14,536 souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 7,100. S. Tribute Rupees 480.
The late chief Jogendro Saont, a Kadamba Bangsau who received the here-
ditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874, died on the 20th January 1877, The
name of the present chief is not known.
III. BAROMBA.-Area 134 square miles. Population 24,261 souls. Revenue
Rupees 26,060. Tribute Rupees, 1400.
• Raja Dasrathi Birbar Mungraj Mohapatur, a Kshattri, aged 28 years, is the
present chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
IV. BoA.D.—Area 2,064 square miles. Population 108,868 souls. Revenue
Rupees 7,000. Tribute Rupees 800. -- t ©
Raja Petambar Deo, a Kshattri, aged 58 years, is the present chief. He
received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
V. DASPULL.A.-Area 568 square miles. Population 34,805 souls. Revenue
Rupees 13,490. Tribute Rupees 660.
Raja Choitan Deo Bhunj, a Kshattri, aged 26 years, is the present chief. He
received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
VI. DHENKANAL.-Area 1,463 square miles. Population 178,072 souls.
Revente Rupees 70,100. Tribute Rupees 5,090.
The late chief Maharaja Baghirathi Mohindro Bahadur received the title of
Maharaja for his liberality towards the people of his own territory as well as
to those of Orissa during the famine of 1866, as a mark of personal distinction.
He also received the hereditary title of Raja in June 1874. The Maharaja estab-
lished at Dhenkanal a second-class hospital and a free school in which English,
Uria, and Sanskrit, are chiefly taught, and a majority of the pupils receive scholar-
ships and books to read. The Maharaja also opened twelve Pathshalas in the
Mofussil, and at the same time placed a sufficient sum at the disposal of the
District Committee of Public Instruction, Cuttack, to give four monthly scholar-
Ships, two of Rupees 10 each, and two of Rupees 5 each, to the students of the
Cuttack High School. At the expense of the Maharaja several embankments
Were constructed for irrigating purposes throughout his Killah. The Maharaja, in
fact was considered as the patron of Indian erudition in Orissa, and it was he
who induced the wild tribe of Patuahs to wear clothes (who had been heretofore
roving in the jungles naked and had the strongest prejudice against the use of
clothes) by distributing for the first time several pieces of dhºwties and saries to
thousands and thousands of them out of his own purse.
Maharaja Bhagirathi Mohindro Bahadur died at the advanced age of 56
years on the 5th February 1877, and was succeeded by his adopted son Jubaraja
Dinobandhu, the present chief. Jubaraja Dinobandhu Mohindro Bahadur is now
a minor, aggd 12 years only, and the State is therefore under the management of
the British Government,
$
204 The Modern History of
t
Babu Banamali Singh, Dewan of the late Maharaja, has been appointed guar-
dian of the Jubaraja and manager of the Killah. .
VII. HINDOL.—Area 312 square miles. Population 28,925 Souls. Revenue
Rupees 20,820. Tribute Rupees 550.
Fakir Singh Murdraj Jug Deb, a Kshattri, aged 26 years, is the present chief.
He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 18th May 1875.
VIII. KEONJHAR.—Area 3,096 square miles. Population 181,871. Revenue
Rupees 63,390. Tribute Rupees 1,970. ©
Maharaja Dhunurjai Narain Bhumj Deo, a Kshattri, is the present chief.
He received the title of Maharaja at the Imperial Assemblage,”held at Delhi on
the 1st January 1877, but the title of Raja is hereditary. The Maharaja is at
present 31 years of age.
IX. KHANDPARA.-Area 244 square miles. Population 60,877 Souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 22,580. Tribute Rupees 4,210.
Raja Natobur Murdraj Brohmorbor Roy, a Rajput, aged 43 years, is the pre-
sent chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
X, MoHURBHUNJ.—Area 4,243 square miles. Population 258,680 Souls. .
Tevenue Rupees 2,05,150. Tribute Rupees 1,060. Maharaja Kishen Chandar
Bhunj Deo, a Kshattri, is the present chief. He received the title of Maharaja
at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st January 1877, but the title
of Raja is hereditary. The Maharaja is now 32 years of age.
XI. NAIAGHAR.—Area 588 square miles. Population 83,249 souls. Revenue
Rupees 54,180. Tribute Rupees 5,520. Raja Ladukishor Singh Mandhata, a
Kshattri, aged 38 years, is the present chief. He received the hereditary title of
Raja on the 21st May 1874, -
XII. NARSINGPUR.—Area 199 square miles. Population 24,758 Souls. Reve-
nue Rupees 9,840. Tribute Rupees 1,450. Raja Brojo Sundar Mansingh Hari
Chandan Mohapatur, a Kshattri, aged 35 years, is the present chief. He received
the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
XIII. NILGIRI,-Area 278 Square miles. Population 33,944 souls. Revenue
Rupees 21,790. Tribute Rupees 3,900.
Raja Kissen Chandar Murdraj Hari Chandan, a Kshattri, aged 57 years, is
the present chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May
1874, e
XIV. PAL LEHARA.—Area .452 square miles. Population 15,450 souls.
Revenue Rupees 1,200. Tribute Rupees 260. Raja Munipal Bahadur, a Kshattri,
aged 48 years, is the present chief. He received the title of Raja Bahadur on the
5th May 1871, for his good services during the Keonjhar rebellion of 1867-68, and
the hereditary title of Raja was also conferred on him in June 1874.
XV. RANPUR.—Area. 203 Square miles, "Population 27,306 Souls, Revenue
Rupees 6,960, Tribute Rupees 1,400,
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 205
Raja Benudhar Bajrudhar Narindro Mohapatur, a Kshattri, aged 63 years,
is the present. chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st
May 1874. O t
XVI. TALCHER.—Area 399 square miles. Population 38,021 souls. Revenue
Rupees 41,470. Tribute Rupees 1,030.
Raja Ram Chandan Birbar Hari Chandan, a Kshattri, aged 23 years, is the
present chief. He received the hereditary title of Raja on the 21st May 1874.
• XVII. TIGARIA.—Area 46 square miles. Population 16,420 souls. Reve.
nue Rupees 3,000. Tribute Rupees 880.
Raja Harihar Khettrio Birbar, Champti Singh Mohapatur, a Kshattri, aged
53 years, is the present chief. He received the hreditary title" of Raja on the
21st May 1874,
Section VIII,_NORTH-WESTERN INDIA.
Chapter I.-Rampur.
© e
THIS State has an area of 945 square miles, and a population of
507,013 souls. Revenue Rupees 14,60,400. The army consists of
28 guns, 345 artillery, 505 cavalry, and 977 infantry, besides 1,023
men for police. *
The two Afghan brothers Shah Alam and Husain Khan emi-
grated to India, and originally settled in Rohilkhand where the family
rose to some distinction in the time of Daud Khan, the
son of the former ; who about the beginning of the eight-
eenth century “ distinguished himself in the Mahratta wars and received
a grant of land near Budaon.”
Daud Khan was succeeded by his adopted son Ali Mu-
Daud Khan.
Ali Muh-
ammad hammad Khan. This prince received a grant of the greater
Khan. part of Rohilkhund together with the title of Nawab from
the Emperor of Delhi, in recognition of his services against the Bara
Syeds, but having unfortunately offended the Subadar of Oudh, he was
afterwards compelled by Muhammad Shah, the king of Delhi “ to relin-
quish his territory and to deliver two of his sons as hostages.” Shortly
after, when the Subadar of Qudh was engaged with the whole of the
Imperiaſ forces in repelling the invasion of Ahmed Shah Durani; Ali
206 The Modern History of
Muhammad Khan taking advantage of this occurrence passed into
Rohilkhund and recovered his territory. .
Prior to his death, he made a disposition in favour of his six sons,
and appointed his brother Hafiz Rahmat Khan and his uncle Dudi Khan
(the cousin of his father Daud Khan) as guardians till the release Of
his two elder sons and the majority of his other infant sons. The two
Faizulla elder sons were soon after released, and the guardians placed.
Khan. Faizulla Khan in the jaghir of Rampur Katra, yielding an
annual revenue.of Rupees 6,00,000. Hafiz Rahmat Khan was slain at
the battle of Katra, while engaged in “defending Rohilkhund against
the English, discreditably allied with the Nawab Wuzir of Oudh in
pressing an unjust claim for indemnity charged on account of the Rohilla
chief's failure to help in paying off the Mahrattas, at a time when he
was deserted by his Sirdars.” . -
Gholam Faizulla Khan left two sons Muhammad Ali Khan and
Muhammad Gholam Muhammad Khan. The former was assassinated
Rhan. by his brother Gholam Muhammad Khan, who usurped the
jaghir ; but the Nawab Wuzir of Oudh advocated the cause of Ahmed
Ali, the infant son of Muhammad Ali Khan, by asking assistance from
Defeated by the English. Gholam Muhammad Khan was completely
the English defeated by the English in the battle fought near Bareilly.
N.A., The infant Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan obtained the territory
l
Rhan. of Rampur with lands yielding an annual revenue of
Bupees 10,00,000; the rest being annexed to Rohilkhund, as per a pre-
liminary agreement executed between the Nawab of Oudh, the Honor-
able East India Company, and the Rohilla tribe on the 29th November
1794. - -
In 1801, the Nawab of Oudh ceded Rohilkhund to the English
together with all claims upon the jaghir of Rampur, but the position
then held by Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan was continued to him by the
British Government. Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan died in 1839, and was
Muhammad succeeded by Muhammad Said Khan, the eldest son of
Said Khan. Gholam Muhammad Khan. Nawab Muhammad Said Khan
Wººd was succeeded by his son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan, who
Khan. rendered valuable services to the English Government
during the mutiny of 1857, and received a grant of 1 zend
the Indian Chiefs, Rajas, Zamindars, &c. 207
yielding Rupees 1,04,400. Nawab Muhammad Yusaf Ali Khan was
also invested with the insignia of the Most Exalted Order of the Star
, of india. The Nawab died in April 1865, leaving the
Muhammad g iº &
Kalb Ali throne to his eldest son Muhammad Kalb Ali Khan, the
Khan. • present chief. This prince has been created a Knight
Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India and
gº also received the most honourable title ‘‘ Counsellor of the
Increase Empress” with an increase of salute from 13 to 15 guns,
of Salute.
at the Imperial Assemblage, held at Delhi on the 1st Janu-
ary, 1877.
His Highness Farzand-i-Dilpizir, Daulat-i Inglishia, Sir Muham-
mad Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur, K.G.S.I., Counsellor of the Eumpress, &c.,
is at present 47 years of age, and has judicial powers of life and death.
© e Chapter II.-Benares.
THE family possessions of the Raja of Benares consist of the Par-
gannas of Karwar Raja in the Benares District, and Gangapur and
Bhadoli in the district of Mirzapur. Their area is 985 square miles.
Population 392,415 souls. The gross rental is Rupees 8,00,000, out
of which Rupees 2,98,600 is paid as revenue to the British Government.
Munsa Ram, The founder of this family was a Zamindar, named Munsa
the founder. Ram, who occupied the ancient city of Utaria, and acquired
in 19 years districts yielding a gross revenue of Rupees 24,50,000, through
the favour of the Governor of Benares. Munsa Ram, Who was by caste a
Balwant Gautami Brahman, died in 1739, and was succeeded by his son
Singh. Balwant Singh, who strongly fortified Utaria and changed
its name to Gangapur. Raja Balwant Singh on presenting a nazzarana
of Rupees 21,770, to the Emperor of Delhi obtained possession of the
districts of Jaunpur, Benares, and Chunar with the title of, Raja Baha-
dur, but subsequently “ he extended his semi-independent power over
an extensive tract, including ūearly all the present district of Gh
pur.” He increased the reyenue from Rupees 24,50,000,
35,00,000.
azi-
to Rupees
208 The Modern History of
ſº º,
In 1763, Raja Balwant Singh, joined the Emperor. Shah Alam
and Shujah-O-Dowla when they marched against the English to expel
them from Bengal, but after the battle of Buxar the Raja with the
Emperor joined the British Camp. Raja Balwant Singh died in 1770,
Cheít and was succeeded by Raja Cheit Singh. In 1775, a treaty
Singh. was concluded with the Nawab of Oudh, by which “the
sovereignty of the districts dependent upon Raja Cheit Singh were
transferred to the British ; but the British Government continued them
to the Raja on"condition that a fixed rent should be paid, and that
the sovereign privilege of coining money should not be exercised.
Subsequently, on Cheit Singh manifesting reluctance to meet the
demands of the British Government in respect of a contribution for a
contingent force, and being suspected of secret disaffection, he was
placed under arrest in his own house by order of Warren Hastings;
Mahip but being rescued by his troops, he fled, and his nephew,
Narain. Raja Mahip Narain was installed in his place, on condition
of paying a rent of Rupees 40,00,000, for his land, and leaving the
criminal administration of the province and the criminal and civil ad- .
ministration of the city of Benares to the British authorities.”
trait Nanaia In 1795, Raja Mahip Narain died, and was succeeded by
Singh. his son Raja Udit Narain Singh, and he, in his turn, in 1835
Ishri g - .# Tor. ,, . *
Prasada by his nephew and adopted son Ishri Prasada Narain Singh,
Narain the present Maharaja. -
Singh. His Highness Maharaja Ishri Prasada Narain Singh
Bahadur met His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales at Calcutta on
the 23rd December 1875, and was invited to the Grand Reception of
Native Princes held on the following day, on which occasion the prince
gave him attar, pan, and rosewater. -
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales went to
The Prince pº tº º
of Wales’ Benares on Wednesday, the 5th January 1876, and visited
visit to g • , , -
Hºs. the castle belonging to the Maharaja, and was much pleased
. with his many expressions of good will. His Highness the
Maharaja was created a Grand Commandy of the Most Exalted Order
º w
* Native Chiefs and their States.
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