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lulº 3-5 JEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
#1411
SAFETY
APPLIANCES
AND POWER
BRAKES
FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION ...,
OFFICE OF SAFETY The University
of Michigail
... . ~ * : ſ , .
Transpºrº º'
s • ?
university of MICHIGAN
# ºf ſº a Rºş
SEPTEMBER 1977 FEB 3 1978
A. Posi i ED BY THE
ºf ED STATES OF AMERICA




. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION
!
º
OFFICE OF SAFETY
UNITED STATES
SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS
AND
POWER BRAKE REGUIREMENTS
Caf. No. TD-3. 106:AP5
Published September 1977
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Washington, D.C.
Transhortation
i i}}ſary
H &
| 702
, V 535
/? 72
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
INTRODUCTION
Public Law 89–670, approved October 15, 1966 (49 U.S.C.
1651–9), established the United States Department of Trans-
portation. Pursuant to that law, certain functions, powers, and
duties of the Interstate Commerce Commission were transferred to
and vested in the Secretary of Transportation, including the
following laws relating generally to safety appliances and equip-
ment on railroad engines and cars, and protection of employees
and travelers:
(A) The Act of March 2, 1893, as amended, (27 Stat. 531;
45 U.S.C. 1 et seq.).
(B) The Act of March 2, 1903, as amended, (32 Stat. 943;
45 U.S.C. 8 et seq.).
(C) The Act of April 14, 1910, as amended, (36 Stat. 298;
45 U.S.C. 11 et seq.).
Public Law 89–670 (49 U.S.C. 1655 (f)(3)(a)) further pro-
vided that the Federal Railroad Administrator shall carry out the
functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary pertaining to rail-
road safety as set forth in the statutes transferred to the Secretary.
Also included in this publication are Part 231, Railroad Safety
Appliance Standards, and Part 232, Railroad Power Brakes and
Drawbars. These Parts are codified under Title 49 of the Code
of Federal Regulations.
Plates C through V are provided to show safety appliance ar.
rangements. For specific details, see appropriate text.
The U.S. Safety Appliance Standards are administered by the
Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion, Washington, D.C. 20590.
CONTENTS
Section Page
Introduction i
Safety Appliance Acts I
PART 231–RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS
231.1
231.2
231.3
231.4
231.5
231.6
231.7
231.8
231.9
231.10
231.11
231.12
231.13
231.14
231.15
231.16
231.17
231.18
231.19
231.20
231.21
231.22
231.23
231.24
231,25
231.26
231.27
231.28
Box and other house cars. (Does not include cars with roofs
16 feet 10 inches or more above top of rail) --------------
Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends ---------
Drop-end high-side gondola cars
Fixed-end low-side gondola and low-side hopper cars --------
Drop-end low-side gondola cars
Flat cars
Tank cars with side platforms
Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with short side sills
and end platforms
Tank cars without end sills
Caboose cars with platforms
Caboose cars without platforms
Passenger-train cars with wide vestibules
Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms
Passenger-train cars without end platforms
Steam locomotives used in road service
Steam locomotives used in switching service
Specifications common to all steam locomotives --------------
Cars of special construction
Definition of “Right” and “Left.”
Variation in size permitted
Tank cars without underframes
Operation of track motor cars
Unidirectional passenger-train cars adaptable to van-type semi-
trailer use
Box and other house cars with roofs, 16 feet 10 inches or
more above top of rail
Track motorcars (self-propelled 4-wheel cars which can be re-
moved from the rails by men)
Pushcars
Box and other house cars without roof hatches (does not in-
clude cars with roofs 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of
rail)
Box and other house cars with roof hatches
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
26
29
33
36
37
38
40
42
44
46
46
46
46
49
50
52
55
56
56
62
iii
Section Page
231.29 Road locomotives with corner stairways -------------------- 63
231.30 Locomotives used in switching service – 64
Plate A' Switching step 69
Plate B' Switching step showing relief 70
PART 232–RAILROAD POWER BRAKES AND DRAWBARS
232.1 Power brakes: minimum percentage 7]
232.2 Drawbars: standard height 7]
232.3 Power brakes and appliances for operating power-brake systems 72
RULES FOR INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF
AIR BRAKE EQUIPMENT
232.10 General rules: locomotives 72
232.11 Train air-brake system tests 75
232.12 Initial terminal road train air brake tests 76
232.13 Road train and intermediate terminal train air brake tests ---- 78
232.14 Inbound brake equipment inspection 80
232.15 Double heading and helper service 81
232.16 Running tests 8]
232.17 Freight and passenger train car brakes 81
232.18 (Reserved) 83
232.19 Air brake tests on run-through and unit run-through trains --- 83
APPENDIX
Specifications and requirements for power brakes and appliances for
operating power-brake systems for freight service 87
Index 95
Illustrative Plates—A through V
iv
The Safety Applicance Acts
(45 U.S. Code, Secs. 1–16)
(With notes relating to orders issued to effectuate certain provi-
sions of these acts.)
Section 1. Driving-wheel brakes cind applicances for op-
erating train-brake system.
It shall be unlwaful for any common carrier engaged in inter-
state commerce by railroad to use on its line any locomotive
engine in moving interstate traffic not equipped with a power-
driving-wheel brake and appliances for operating the trainbrake
system, or to run any train in such traffic that has not a sufficient
number of cars in it so equipped with power or train brakes that
the engineer on the locomotive drawing such train can control its
speed without requiring brakemen to use the common hand brake
for that purpose. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, sec. 1, 27 Stat. 531.)
Section 2. Automatic couplers.
It shall be unlawful for any common carrier engaged in inter-
State commerce by railroad to haul or permit to be hauled or
used on its line any car used in moving interstate traffic not
equipped with couplers coupling automatically by impact, and
which can be uncoupled without the necessity of men going be-
tween the ends of the cars. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, sec. 2, 27
Stat 531.)
Section 3. Refusal of insufficiently equipped cars from con-
necting lines.
When any person, firm, company, or corporation engaged in
interstate commerce by railroad shall have equiped a sufficient
number of its cars so as to comply with the provisions of section
1 of this title, it may lawfully refuse to receive from connecting
lines of road or shippers any cars not equipped sufficiently, in ac-
Cordance with said section, with such power or train brakes as
will work and readily interchange with the brakes in use on its
own cars, as required by sections 1–7 of this title. (Mar. 2, 1893,
ch. 196, sec. 3, 27 Stat. 531.)
Section 4. Grab irons or handholds for security in coupling
cind uncoupling cors.
Until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of Transportation, it
shall be unlawful for any railroad company to use any car in inter-
state commerce that is not provided with secure grab irons or
handholds in the ends and sides of each car for greater security
to men in coupling and uncoupling cars. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196,
sec. 4, 27 Stat. 531.)
Section 5. Standard height of drawbars for freight cors;
non-complying cars excluded from froffic.
No freight cars, either loaded or unloaded, shall be used in
interstate traffic which do not comply with the prescribed stand-
ard as to height of drawbars. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, sec. 5, 27
Stat. 531.)
(NotE 1.-Standard height of drawbars prescribed by 49 CFR 232.2
standard-gage railroads: maximum 34%, minimum 31% inches; narrow-
gage railroads: maximum 26, minimum 23 inches; 2-foot gage railroads:
maximum 17%, minimum 14%inches.)
Section 6. Failure to equip cars as provided; duty of United
States attorneys and Secretary of Transportation; excep-
tions from operation of provisions.
Any common carrier engaged in interstate commerce by rail-
road using any locomotive engine, running any train, or hauling
or permitting to be hauled or used on its line any car in viola-
tion of any of the provisions of sections 1–7 of this title, shall be
liable to a penalty of not less than $250 and not more than
$2,500 for each and every violation, to be recovered in a
suit or suits to be brought by the United States attorney in
the district court of the United States having jurisdiction in the
locality where such violation shall have been committed; and it
shall be the duty of such United States attorney to bring such
suits upon duly verified information being lodged with him of
such violation having occurred; and it shall also be the duty of
the Secretary of Transportation to lodge with the proper United
States attorneys information of any such violations as may
come to his knowledge: Provided, that nothing in sections
1–7 of this title shall apply to trains composed of four-wheel
cars or to trains composed of eight-wheel standard logging cars
where the height of such car from top of rail to center of coupling
does not exceed 25 inches, or to locomotives used in hauling such
trains when such cars or locomotives are exclusively used for
the transportation of logs. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, sec. 6, 27
2
Stat. 532; Apr. 1, 1896, ch. 87, 29 Stat. 85; June 25, 1948, ch.
646, sec. 1, 62 Stat. 909; Aug. 14, 1957, Public Law 85–135, sec.
1(1), 71 Stat. 352.)
Section 7. Assumption of risk by employees.
Any employee of any common carrier engaged in interstate
commerce by railroad who may be injured by any locomotive,
car, or train in use contrary to the provision of sections 1–7 of
this title shall not be deemed thereby to have assumed the risk
thereby occasioned, although continuing in the employment of
such carrier after the unlawful use of such locomotive, car, or
train had been brought to his knowledge. (Mar. 2, 1893, ch.
196, sec. 8, 27 Stat. 532.)
Section 8. Provisions of certain sections extended.
The provisions and requirements of sections 1–7 of this title
shall be held to apply to common carriers by railroads in the
Territories and the District of Columbia and shall apply in all
cases, whether or not the couplers brought together are of the
same kind, make, or type; and the provisions and requirements
relating to train brakes, automatic couplers, grab irons, and the
height of drawbars shall be held to apply to all trains, locomo-
tives, tenders, cars, and similar vehicles used on any railroad en-
gaged in interstate commerce, and in the Territories and the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and to all other locomotives, tenders, cars, and
similar vehicles used in connection therewith, excepting those
trains, cars and locomotives exempted by the provisions of section
6 of this title, or which are used upon street railways. (Mar. 2,
1903, ch. 976, sec. 1, 32 Stat. 943.)
Section 9. Power or train brakes; operation by engineer;
rules for instcºllation, inspection, maintencince, and
repcair.
Whenever, as provided in sections 1–7 of this title, any train
is operated with power or train brakes not less than 50 per centum
of the cars in such train shall have their brakes used and op-
erated by the engineer of the locomotive drawing such train;
and all power-braked cars in such train which are associated to-
gether with said 50 per centum shall have their brakes so used
and operated; and, to more fully carry into effect the objects of
said sections, the Secretary of Transportation may, from time to
time, after full hearing, increase the minimum percentage of cars
3
in any train required to be operated with power or train brakes
which must have their brakes used and operated as aforesaid.
One hundred and twenty days after the date of enactment of the
Power or Train Brakes Safety Appliance Act of 1958, the Secre-
tary of Transportation shall adopt and put into effect the rules,
standards, and instructions of the Association of American Rail-
roads, adopted in 1925 and revised in 1933, 1934, 1941, and 1953,
with such revisions as may have been adopted prior to the enact-
ment of such act, for the installation, inspection, maintenance,
and repair of all power or train brakes for common carriers en-
gaged in interstate commerce by railroad. Such rules, standards,
and instructions shall thereafter remain the rules, standards, and
instructions for the installation, inspection, maintenance and re-
pair of all power or train brakes unless changed, after hearing,
by order of the Secretary of Transportation: Provided, however,
That such rules or standards or instructions or changes therein
shall be promulgated solely for the purpose of achieving safety.
The provisions and requirements of this section shall apply to
all trains, locomotives, tenders, cars and similar vehicles used,
hauled, or permitted to be used or hauled, by any railroad en-
gaged in interstate commerce. In the execution of this section,
the Secretary of Transportation may utilize the services of the
Association of American Railroads, and may avail himself of the
advice and assistance of any department, commission, or board
of the United States Government, and of State governments, but
no official or employee of the United States shall receive any addi-
tional compensation for such service except as now permitted by
law. Failure to comply with any rule, regulation, or requirement
promulgated by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to the
provisions of this section shall be subject to the like penalty as
failure to comply with any requirement of this section. (Mar.
2, 1903, ch. 976, sec. 2, 32 Stat. 943; Apr. 11, 1958, Public Law
85–375, 72 Stat. 86.)
(NotE 2.—Minimum percentage of power brakes increased by 49 CFR
232.1 to 85 percent.)
(Note 3.−Rules, standards and instructions for the installation, inspec-
tion, maintenance, and repair of power or train brakes adopted by 49 CFR
232.10 to 232.17.)
Section 10. Former duties, requirements, and liqbilities con-
tinued unless specifically camended.
Nothing in sections 8 and 9 of this title shall be held or con-
strued to relieve any common carrier, the Secretary of Trans-
4.
portation, or any United States attorney from any of the pro-
visions, powers, duties, liabilities, or requirements of sections 1–7
of this title, and all of such provisions, powers, duties, require-
ments, and liabilities shall, except as specifically amended by
sections 8 and 9 of this title, apply thereto. (Mar. 2, 1903, ch,
976, sec. 3, 32 Stat. 943; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, sec. 1, 62 Stat.
909.)
Section 1 1. Scafety applicances required for eqch car; when
hand brakes may be omitted.
It shall be unlawful for any common carrier subject to the
provisions of sections 11–16 of this title to haul, or permit to be
hauled or used on its line, any car subject to the provisions of
said sections not equipped with appliances provided for in said
sections, to wit: All cars must be equipped with secure sill steps
and efficient hand brakes; all cars requiring secure ladders and
secure running boards shall be equipped with such ladders and
running boards, and all cars having ladders shall also be equipped
with secure handholds or grab irons on their roofs at the tops of
such ladders: Provided, That in the loading and hauling of long
commodities, requiring more than one car, the hand brakes may
be ommitted on all save one of the cars while they are thus com-
bined for such purpose. (Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, sec. 2, 36 Stat.
298.)
Section 12. Scafety applicances, as designated by Secretcary
to be standards of equipment; modification of standard
height of drawbars.
The number, dimensions, location, and manner of application
of the appliances provided for by sections 4 and 11 of this title
as designated by the Secretary of Transportation shall remain as
the standards of equipment to be used on all cars subject to the
provisions of sections 11–16 of this title, unless changed by an
order of said Secretary of Transportation, to be made after full
hearing and for good cause shown; and failure to comply with
any such requirement of the Secretary of Transportation shall be
subject to a like penalty as failure to comply with any requirement
of sections ll–16 of this title. Said Secretary is given authority,
after hearing, to modify or change, and to prescribe the standard
height of drawbars and to fix the time within which such
modification or change shall become effective and obligatory, and
prior to the time so fixed it shall be unlawful to use any car or
5
vehicle in interstate or foreign traffic which does not comply
with the standard now fixed or the standard so prescribed, and
after the time so fixed it shall be unlawful to use any Car or
vehicle in interstate or foreign traffic which does not comply with
the standard so prescribed by the Secretary. (Apr. 14, 1910. ch.
160, sec. 3, 36 Stat. 298.)
(NotE 4–Safety Appliance Standards fixed by 49 CFR 231)
Section 13. Penalty for using car not equipped as provided;
hauling car for repairs where equipment becomes de-
fective; liability for death or injury of employee; use of
chains instead of drawbars.
Any common carrier subject to sections 11–16 of this title using,
hauling, or permitting to be used or hauled on its line, any car
subject to the requirements of said sections not equipped as pro-
vided in said sections, shall be liable to a penalty of not less
than $250 and not more than $2,500 for each and every
such violation, to be recovered as provided in section 6 of
this title: Provided, That where any car shall have been prop-
erly equipped, as provided in sections 1–16 of this title, and such
equipment shall have become defective or insecure while such car
was being used by such carrier upon its line of railroad, such car
may be hauled from the place where such equipment was first
discovered to be defective or insecure to the nearest available
point where such, car can be repaired, without liability for the
penalties imposed by this section or section 6 of this title, if such
movement is necessary to make such repairs and such repairs can-
not be made except at such repair point; and such movement or
hauling of such car shall be at the sole risk of the carrier, and
nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve such carrier
from liability in any remedial action for the death or injury of
any railroad employee caused to such employee by reason of or in
connection with the movement or hauling of such car with equip-
ment which is defective or insecure or which is not maintained
in accordance with the requirements of sections 1–16 of this
title; and nothing in this proviso shall be construed to permit the
hauling of defective cars by means of chains instead of drawbars,
in revenue trains or in association with other cars that are com-
mercially used, unless such defective cars contain livestock or
“perishable” freight. (Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, sec. 4, 36 Stat.
299; Aug. 14, 1957, Public Law 85–135, sec. 1(2), 71 Stat. 352.)
6
Section 14. Lidbility for using car with defective equipment,
except cus specified.
Except that, within the limits specified in section 13 of this
title the movement of a car with defective or insecure equipment
may be made without incurring the penalty provided by the
statutes, but shall in all other respects be unlawful, nothing in sec-
tions 11–16 of this title shall be held or construed to relieve any
common carrier, the Secretary of Transportation, or any United
States attorney from any of the provisions, powers, duties, lia-
bilities, or requirements heretofore set out in sections 1–10 of this
title; and except as aforesaid, all of such provisions, powers, duties,
requirements, and liabilities shall apply to sections 11–16 of this
title. (Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, sec. 5, 36 Stat. 299.)
Section 15. Enforcement by Secretary.
It shall be the duty of the Secretary of Transportation to enforce
the provisions of sections 11–16 of this title as to equipment of
each car with safety appliances and all powers heretofore granted
to said Secretary are extended to him for the purpose of such en-
forcement. (Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, sec. 6, 36 Stat. 299.)
Section 16. Application of provisions to common carriers
cºnd vehicles subject to “Safety Applicance Acts.”
The provisions of sections 11–16 of this title, as to the equip-
ment of cars with the designated safety appliances apply to every
common carrier and every vehicle subject to what are commonly
known as the “Safety Appliance Acts” set out in sections 1–10 of
this title. (Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, sec. 1, 36 Stat. 298.)
Part 231—Railroad Safety Applicance Standards
NoTE: Where rivets or bolts are required in Part 231, a two-piece steel
rivet may be used consisting of:
(a) A solid shank of one-half (%) inch minimum diameter steel or ma-
terial of equal or greater strength having cold forged head on one end,
a shank length for material thickness fastened, locking grooves, breakneck
groove and pull grooves (all annular grooves) on the opposite end.
(b) A collar of similar material which is cold swaged into the locking
grooves forming a head for the opposite end of item (a) after the pull
groove section has been removed.
§ 231.1 Box and other house cors.
NotE: Cars of this type built on or before April 1, 1966, or
under construction prior thereto and placed in service before
October 1, 1966, shall be equipped as nearly as possible on or
before April 1, 1974, with the same complement of safety appli-
ances, depending upon type, as is specified in § 231.27 for box
and other house cars without roof hatches, or in § 231.28 for box
and other house cars with roof hatches, and cars built after April
1, 1966, or under construction prior thereto and placed in service
after October 1, 1966, shall be equipped, depending upon type,
as specified in § 231.27 for box and other house cars without roof
hatches or in § 231.28 for box and other house cars with roof
hatches.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. (i) Each box or other house
car shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall
operate in harmony with the power brake thereon.
(ii) The hand brake may be of any efficient design, but
must provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on
plate A.
(2) Dimensions. (i) The brake shaft shall be not less than
1% inches in diameter, of wrought iron or steel without weld.
(iii) The brake wheel may be flat or dished, not less than
15, preferably 16, inches in diameter, of malleable iron, wrought
iron, or steel.
(3) Location. (i) The hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
9
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the
left of and not less than 17 nor more than 22 inches from center.
(4) Manner of application. (i) There shall be not less than
4 inches clearance around rim of brake wheel.
(ii) Outside edge of brake wheel shall be not less than
4 inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and pass-
ing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler
horn against the buffer block or end sill.
(iii) Top brake-shaft support shall be fastened with not
less than }/2-inch bolts or rivets. (See plate A.)
(iv) A brake-shaft step shall support the lower end of
brake shaft. A brake-shaft step which will permit the brake
chain to drop under the brake shaft shall not be used. U-shaped
form of brake-shaft step is preferred. (See plate A.).
(v) Brake shaft shall be arranged with a square fit at its
upper end to secure the hand-brake wheel; said square fit shall
be not less than seven-eighths of an inch square. Square-fit taper,
nominally 2 in 12 inches. (See plate A.)
(vi) Brake chain shall be of not less than %-, preferably
746-, inch wrought iron or steel, with a link on the brake rod end
of not less than 746-, preferably /3-, inch wrought iron or steel,
and shall be secured to brake-shaft drum by not less than %-inch
hexagon or squareheaded bolt. Nut on said bolt shall be secured
by riveting end of bolt over nut. (See plate A.)
(vii) Lower end of brake shaft shall be provided with a
trunnion of not less than %-, preferably 1, inch in diameter ex-
tending through brake-shaft step and held in operating position by
a suitable cotter or ring. (See plate A.)
(viii) Brake-shaft drum shall be not less than 1% inches
in diameter. (See plate A.)
(ix) Brake ratchet wheel shall be secured to brake shaft
by a key or square fit; said square fit shall be not less than 1%6
inches square. When ratchet wheel with square fit is used, pro-
vision shall be made to prevent ratchet wheel from rising on shaft
to disengage brake pawl. (See plate A.)
(x) Brake ratchet wheel shall be not less than 5%, prefer-
ably 5%, inches in diameter and shall have not less than 14,
preferably 16, teeth. (See plate A.)
(xi) If brake ratchet wheel is more than 36 inches from
brake wheel, a brake-shaft support shall be provided to support
10.
this extended upper portion of brake shaft; said brake-shaft sup-
port shall be fastened with not less than 2-inch bolts or rivets.
(xii) The brake pawl shall be pivoted upon a bolt or rivet
not less than five-eighths of an inch in diameter, or upon a
trunnion secured by not less than %-inch bolt or rivet, and there
shall be a rigid metal connection between brake shaft and pivot
of pawl.
(xiii) Brake wheel shall be held in position on brake shaft
by a nut on a threaded extended end of brake shaft; said
threaded portion shall be not less than three-fourths of an inch in
diameter; said nut shall be secured by riveting over or by the use
of a lock nut or suitable cotter.
(xiv) Brake wheel shall be arranged with a square fit for
the brake shaft in hub of said wheel; taper of said fit, nominally
2 in 12 inches. (See plate A.)
(b) Brake step. If brake step is used, it shall be not less than
28 inches in length. Outside edge shall be not less than 8 inches
from face of car and not les than 4 inches from a vertical plane
parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of
knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or
end sill.
(1) Manner of application. Brake step shall be supported by
not less than two metal braces having a minimum cross-sectional
area 3% by 1% inches or equivalent, which shall be securely fas-
tened to body of car with not less than 2-inch bolts or rivets.
(c) Running boards—(1) Number. One longitudinal running
board. On outside-metal-roof cars two latitudinal extensions.
(2) Dimensions. Longitudinal running board shall be not
less than 18 and preferably 20 inches in width. Latitudinal exten-
sions shall be not less than 24 inches in width. Wooden running
boards or extensions hereafter installed shall be constructed of
wood not less than 1% inches in thickness.
(3) Location. Full length of car, center of roof. On outside-
metal-roof cars there shall be two latitudinal extensions from lon-
gitudinal running board to ladder locations, except on refrigera-
tor cars where such latitudinal extensions can not be applied on
account of ice hatches.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Running board shall be con-
tinuous from end to end and not cut or hinged at any point: Pro-
vided, That the length and width of running board may be made
||
up of a number of pieces securely fastened to saddle-blocks with
screws, bolts, or rivets.
(ii) The ends of longitiudinal running board shall be not
less than 6 nor more than 10 inches from a vertical plane parallel
with end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle
when closed with coupler-horn against the buffer-block or end sill;
and if more than 4 inches from edge of roof of car, shall be
securely supported their full width by substantial metal braces.
(iii) Running board shall be securely fastened to car and
be made of wood or of material which provides the same as or a
greater degree of safety than wood of 1% inches thickness. When
made of material other than wood the tread surface shall be of
anti-skid design and constructed with sufficient open space to per-
mit the elimination of snow and ice from the tread surface.
(d) Sill steps—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum cross-sectional area /2 by 1%
inches, or equivalent, of wrought iron or steel. Minimum length
of tread, 10, preferably 12, inches. Minimum clear depth, 8
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side of car,
so that there shall be not more than 18 inches from end of car to
center of tread of sill step.
(ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than
4 inches inside of face of side of car, preferably flush with side of
Cà I’.
(iii) Tread shall be not more than 24, preferably not more
than 22, inches above the top of rail.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Sill steps exceeding 21
inches in depth shall have an additional tread.
(ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less than
%-inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over,
or with not less than %-inch rivets.
(e) Ladders—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum clear length of tread: Side
ladders 16 inches; end ladders 14 inches. Maximum spacing be.
tween ladder treads, 19 inches.
(ii) Top ladder tread shall be located not less than 12 nor
more than 18 inches from roof at eaves.
12
(iii) Spacing of side ladder treads shall be uniform within
a limit of 2 inches from top ladder tread to bottom tread of ladder.
(iv) Maximum distance from bottom tread of side ladder
to top tread of sill step, 21 inches.
(v) End ladder treads shall be spaced to coincide with
treads of side ladders, a variation of 2 inches being allowed.
Where construction of car will not permit the application of a
tread of end ladder to coincide with bottom tread of side ladder,
the bottom tread of end ladder must coincide with second tread
from bottom of side ladder.
(vi) Hardwood treads, minimum dimensions 1% by 2
inches.
(vii) Iron or steel treads, minimum diameter five-eighths
of an inch.
(viii) Minimum clearance of treads, 2, preferably 2%,
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One on each side, not more than 8 inches
from right end of car; one on each end, not more than 8 inches
from left side of car; measured from inside edge of ladder stile or
clearance of ladder treads to corner of car.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Metal ladders without stiles
near corners of cars shall have foot guards or upward projections
not less than 2 inches in height near inside end of bottom treads.
(ii) Stiles of ladders, projecting 2 or more inches from
face of car, will serve as foot guards.
(iii) Ladders shall be securely fastened with not less than
%-inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over,
or with not less than }/2-inch rivets. Three-eighths-inch bolts may
be used for wooden treads which are gained into stiles.
(f) End ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake wheel, brake step, running board or uncoupling lever shall
extend to within 12 inches of a vertical plane parallel with end
of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed
with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill, and no other
part of end of car or fixtures on same above end sills, other than
exceptions herein noted, shall extend beyond the outer face of
buffer block.
(g) Roof handholds—(1) Number. (i) One over each ladder.
13
(ii) One right-angle handhold may take the place of two
adjacent specified roof handholds, provided the dimensions and
locations coincide, and that an extra leg is securely fastened to
car at point of angle.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Mini-
mum clearance, 2, preferably 2% inches.
(3) Location. (1) On roof of car, one parallel to treads of
each ladder, not less than 8 nor more than 15 inches from edge of
roof, except on refrigerator cars where ice hatches prevent, when
location may be nearer edge of roof.
(4) Manner of application. Roof handholds shall be se-
curely fastened with not less than %-inch bolts with nuts outside
(when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than %-inch
rivets.
(h) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four. (Tread of side lad-
der is a side handhold.)
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches, prefer-
ably 24 inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each
side of car. Side handholds shall be not less than 24 nor more
than 30 inches above center line of coupler, except as provided
above, where tread of ladder is a handhold. Clearance of outer
end of handhold shall be not more than 8 inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than /3-inch bolts with nuts outside (when
possible) and riveted over, or with not less than %-inch rivets.
(i) Horizontal end handholds—(1) Number. Eight or more,
four on each end of car. (Tread of end ladder is an end hand-
hold.)
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches,
preferably 24 inches.
(ii) A handhold 14 inches in length may be used where
it is impossible to use one 16 inches in length.
(iii) Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. (i) One near each side on each end of car,
not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of
14
coupler, except as provided above, when tread of end ladder is an
end handhold. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not
more than 8 inches from side of car.
(ii) One near each side of each end of car on face of end
sill or sheating over end sill, projecting outward or downward.
Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16
inches from side of car.
(iii) On each end of cars with platform end sills 6 or
more inches in width, measured from end post or siding and ex-
tending entirely across end of car, there shall be one additional
end handhold not less than 24 inches in length, located near
center of car, not less than 30 nor more than 60 inches above
platform end sill.
(4) Manner of application. Horizontal end handholds shall
be securely fastened with not less than }/3-inch bolts with nuts out-
side (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than }/3-
inch rivets.
(j) Vertical end handholds—(1) Number. Two on full-width
platform end-sill cars, as heretofore described.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 18, preferably 24,
inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. (i) One on each end of car opposite ladder,
not more than 8 inches from side of car; clearance of bottom end
of handhold shall be not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches
above center line of coupler.
(4) Manner of application. Vertical end handholds shall be
securely fastened with not less than %-inch bolts with nuts out-
side (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than J/3-
inch rivets.
(k) Uncoupling levers—(1) Number. Two. Uncoupling levers
may be either single or double, and of any efficient design.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Handles of uncoupling levers, except
those shown on plate B or of similar designs, shall be not more
than 6 inches from sides of car.
(ii) Uncoupling levers of design shown on plate B and of
similar designs shall conform to the following prescribed limits:
(iii) Handles shall be not more than 12, preferably 9,
inches from sides of cars. Center lift arms shall be not less than
7 inches long.
15
(iv) Center of eye at end of center lift arm shall be not
more than 3% inches beyond center of eye of uncoupling pin
of coupler when horn of coupler is against the buffer block or
end sill. (See plate B.)
(v) Ends of handles shall extend not less than 4 inches
below bottom of end sill or shall be so constructed as to give a
minimum clearance of 2 inches around handle. Minimum drop
of handles shall be 12 inches; maximum, 15 inches over all. (See
plate B.)
(vi) Handles of uncoupling levers of the “rocking” or
“push-down” type shall be not less than 18 inches from top of
rail when lock block has released knuckle, and a suitable stop
shall be provided to prevent inside arm from flying up in case of
breakage.
(3) Location. One on each end of car. When single lever
is used, it shall be placed on left side of end of car.
§ 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed
ends.
(Cars with sides more than 36 inches above the floor are high-
side cars.)
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the
left of, and not more than 22 inches from, center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (See § 231.1 (b)).
(c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(d) Ladders—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (e)(1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (2)), except that top ladder tread shall be
located not more than 4 inches from top of car.
16
(3) Location. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (3)).
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (4)).
(e) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (h)).
(f) Horizontal end handholds. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i)).
(g) Vertical end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (j)).
(h) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(i) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake wheel, brake step, or uncoupling lever shall extend to within
12 inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing
through the inside face or knuckle when closed with coupler horn
against the buffer block or end sill, and no other part of end of
car or fixtures on same above end sills, other than exceptions herein
noted, shall extend beyond the outer face or buffer block.
§ 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the
left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(c) Ladders—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (2)), except that top ladder tread shall be
located not more than 4 inches from top of car.
17
(3) Location. (i) One on each side, not more than 8 inches
from right end of car, measured from inside edge of ladder stile
or clearance of ladder treads to corner of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (4)).
(d) Side handholds. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (h)).
(e) Horizontal end handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) One near each side of each end of car on
face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not
more than 16 inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(f) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(g) End ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake wheel or uncoupling lever shall extend to within 12 inches
of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the
inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the
buffer block or end sill, and no other part of end of car or fixtures
on same above end sills, other than exceptions noted in this sub-
paragraph, shall extend beyond the outer face or buffer block.
§ 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low-side hopper
CCII’S.
(Cars with sides 36 inches or less above the floor are low-side
cars.)
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the
left of and not more than 22 inches from center.
18
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (b)).
(c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(d) Side handholds—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars (see § 231.1 (h) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each
side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center
line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall
not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of hand-
hold shall be not more than 8 inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(e) Horizontal end handholds—(1) Number. Same as specified
for “Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) One near each side on each end of car,
not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center line of
coupler, if car construction will permit. Clearance of outer end
of handhold shall be not more than 8 inches from side of car.
(ii) One near each side of each end of car on face of end
sill, projecting outward or downward. Clearance of outer end of
handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(f) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(g) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake step, brake wheel or uncoupling lever shall extend to within
12 inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing
through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn
against the buffer block or end sill, and no other part of end of
car or fixtures on same above end sills, other than exceptions noted
19
in this subparagraph, shall extend beyond the outer face of buffer
block.
§ 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the
left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)), provided that top brake-
shaft support may be omitted.
(b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(c) Side handholds—(1) Number. Same as specified for
“Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each
side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center
line of coupler, if car construction will permit, but handhold shall
not project above top of side. Clearance of outer end of handhold
shall be no more than 8 inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(d) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each
end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of hand-
hold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(c) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
20
(f) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake wheel or uncoupling lever shall extend to within 12 inches
of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the
inside face or knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the
buffer block or end sill, and no other part of end of car or fixtures
on same above end sills, other than exceptions noted in this sub-
paragraph shall extend beyond the outer face of buffer block.
§ 231.6 Flcıf cqrs.
(Cars with sides 12 inches or less above the floor may be
equipped the same as flat cars.)
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensioins. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on the end of car
to the left of center, or on side of car not more than 36 inches
from right-hand end thereof.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4).
(b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(c) Side handholds—(1) Number. Same as specified for
“Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill
near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not
more than 12 inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(d) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
2]
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each
end of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of hand-
hold shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4).
(e) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k).
§ 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the
left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(c) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four or more.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill
near each end. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not
more than 12 inches from end of car.
(ii) If side safety railings are attached to tank or tank
bands, four additional vertical handholds shall be applied, one as
nearly as possible over each sill step and securely fastened to
tank or tankband.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(d) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end
of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold
shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car.
22
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(e) Tank-head handholds—(1) Number. Two. (Not required
if safety railing runs around ends of tank.)
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%,
inches. Clear length of handholds shall extend to within 6 inches
of outer diameter of tank at point of application.
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one across each head of tank
not less than 30 nor more than 60 inches above platform.
(4) Manner of application. Tankhead handholds shall be
securely fastened.
(f) Safety railings—(1) Number. One continuous safety rail-
ing running around sides and ends of tanks, securely fastened to
tank or tank bands at ends and sides of tank; or two running full
length of tank at sides of cars supported by posts.
(2) Dimensions. Not less than three-fourths of an inch, iron.
(3) Location. Running full length of tank either at side sup-
ported by posts or securely fastened to tank or tank bands, not less
than 30 nor more than 60 inches above platform.
(4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be securely
fastened to tank body, tank bands, or posts.
(g) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(h) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake
shaft, brake-shaft brackets, brake wheel or uncoupling level shall
extend to within 12 inches of a vertical plane parallel with end
of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed
with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill, and no
other part of end car or fixtures on same above end sills, other
than exceptions noted in this subparagraph, shall extend beyond
the outer face of buffer block.
§ 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with
short side sills and end platforms,
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
23
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car to the
left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Running boards—(1) Number. One continuous running
board around sides and ends; or two running full length of tank,
one on each side.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Mini-
mum width on ends, 6 inches.
(3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of cars. On
tank cars having end platforms extending to bolsters, running
boards shall extend from center to center of bolsters, one on each
side.
(4) Manner of application. (i) If side running boards are
applied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall
extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank.
(ii) The running boards at ends of car shall be not less
than 6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of
knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block,
end sill or back stop.
(iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank or
tank bands.
(c) Sill steps—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (d) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d (2)).
(3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side under
side handhold.
(ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than
4 inches inside of face of side of car, preferably flush with side
of car.
(iii) Tread shall be not more than 24, preferably not more
than 22, inches above the top of rail.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (d) (4)).
24
(d) Ladders. If running boards are so located as to make lad-
ders necessary.
(1) Number. Two on cars with continuous running boards.
Four on cars with side running boards.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum clear length of tread, 10
inches. Maximum spacing of treads, 19 inches. Hardwood treads,
minimum dimensions, 1% by 2 inches.
(ii) Wrought iron or steel treads, minimum diameter five-
eighths of an inch. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. On cars with continuous running boards, one
at right end of each side. On cars with side running boards. one
at each end of each running board.
(4) Manner of application. Ladders shall be securely
fastened with not less than %-inch bolts or rivets.
(e) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four or more.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one on face of each side sill
near each end on tank cars with short side sills, or one attached
to top of running board projecting outward above sill steps or
ladders on tank cars without side sills. Clearance of outer end of
handhold shall be not more than 12 inches from end of car.
(ii) If side safety railings are attached to tank or tank
bands four additional vertical handholds shall be applied, one as
nearly as possible over each sill step and securely fastened to tank
or tank bands.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(f) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side of each end
of car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold
shall be not more than 16 inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(g) Tank-head handholds—(1) Number. Two. (Not re-
quired if safety railing runs around ends of tank.)
25
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%,
inches.
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one across each head of tank
not less than 30 nor more than 60 inches above platform on
running board. Clear length of handholds shall extend to within
6 inches of outer diameter of tank at point of application.
(4) Manner of application. Tankhead handholds shall be
securely fastened.
(h) Safety railings—(1) Number. One running around sides
and ends of tank or two running full length of tank.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, seven-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2% inches.
(3) Location. Running full length of tank, not less than 30
nor more than 60 inches above platform or running board.
(4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be securely
fastened to tank or tank bands and secured against end shifting.
(i) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(j) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake
shaft, brake-shaft brackets, brake wheel, running boards or uncou-
pling lever shall extend to within 12 inches of a vertical plane
parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of
knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block
or end sill, and no other part of end of car or fixtures on same,
above end sills, other than exceptions herein noted, shall extend
beyond the outer face of buffer block.
§ 231.9 Tank ccurs without end sills.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it
can be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft
shall be located on end of car to the left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
26
(b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (b)).
(c) Running boards—(1) Number. One.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum width on sides, 10 inches. Mini-
mum width on ends, 6 inches.
(3) Location. Continuous around sides and ends of tank.
(4) Manner of application. (i) If running boards are ap-
plied below center of tank, outside edge of running boards shall
extend not less than 7 inches beyond bulge of tank.
(ii) Running boards at ends of car shall be not less than
6 inches from a point vertically above the inside face of knuckle
when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block, end sill
or back stop.
(iii) Running boards shall be securely fastened to tank
or tank bands.
(d) Sill steps—(1) Number. Four. (If tank has high running
boards, making ladders necessary, sill steps must meet ladder re-
quirements.)
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side, flush
with outside edge of running board as near end of car as prac-
ticable.
(ii) Tread not more than 24, preferably not more than 22,
inches above the top of rail.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in
depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced.
(ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less than
%-inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over,
or with 9%-inch rivets.
(e) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four or more.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each
side of car over sill step on running board, not more than 2 inches
back from outside edge of running board, projecting downward or
Outward.
(ii) Where such side handholds are more than 18 inches
from end of car, an additional handhold must be placed near each
27
end on each side not more than 30 inches above center line of
coupler.
(iii) Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not more
than 12 inches from end of car.
(iv) If safety railings are on tank, four additional vertical
handholds shall be applied, one over each sill step on tank.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(f) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side on each
end of car on running board, not more than 2 inches back from
edge of running board projecting downward or outward, or on end
of tank not more than 30 inches above center line of coupler.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(g) Safety railings—(1) Number. One.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, seven-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2% inches.
(3) Location. Safety railings shall be continuous around
sides and ends of car, not less than 30 nor more than 60 inches
above running board.
(4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be securely
fastened to tank or tank bands, and secured against end shifting.
(h) Uncoupling levers—(1) Number. Same as specified for
“Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (k) (1).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (k) (2)), except that minimum length of un-
coupling lever shall be 42 inches, measured from center line of
end of car to handle of lever.
(3) Location. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (k) (3)), except that uncoupling lever shall
be not more than 30 inches above center line of coupler.
(i) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above buffer
block within 30 inches from side of car, except brake shaft, brake-
shaft brackets, brake wheel or uncoupling lever shall extend to
within 12 inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and
28
passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with
coupler horn against the buffer block or back stop, and no other
part of end of car or fixtures on same, above buffer block, other
than exceptions herein noted, shall extend beyond the face of
buffer block.
§ 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms.
NOTE: 1. The term “bottom of car” as used in Section 231.10 is con-
strued to mean “bottom of side-sill or sheathing over side-sill.”
2. The term “corner of car” as used in Section 231.10 is construed to
mean the “line at inner edge of platform formed by the intersection of the
side and end of car.”
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. (i) Each caboose car shall be
equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in
harmony with the power brake thereon.
(ii) The hand brake may be of any efficient design, but
must provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on
plate A.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars with platforms shall
be located on platform to the left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Running boards—(1) Number. One longitudinal running
hoard.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (c) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On
caboose cars with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall ex-
tend from cupola to ends of roof.)
(ii) Outside-metal-roof-cars shall have latitudinal exten-
Sions leading to ladder locations.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (c) (4)). (See note below)
(c) Ladders—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. None specified.
(3) Location. One on each end.
29
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (4)). (See note below)
(d) Roof handholds—(1) Number. One over each ladder.
Where stiles of ladders extend 12 inches or more above roof, no
other roof handholds are required.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (g) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) On roof of caboose, in line with and
running parallel to treads of ladder, not less than 8 nor more than
15 inches from edge of roof.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (g) (4)). (See note below)
(e) Cupola handholds—(1) Number. One or more.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One continuous handhold extending
around top of cupola not more than 3 inches from edge of cupola
roof.
(ii) Four right-angle handholds, one at each corner, not
less than 16 inches in clear length from point of angle, may take
the place of the one continuous handhold specified, if locations
coincide.
(4) Manner of application. Cupola handholds shall be se-
curely fastened with not less than }/2-inch bolts with nuts outside
and riveted over or with not less than }/2-inch rivets. (See note
below)
(f) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 36 inches. Mini-
mum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side of car,
curving downward toward center of car from a point not less than
30 inches above platform to a point not more than 8 inches from
bottom of car. Top end of handhold shall be not more than 8
inches from outside face of end sheathing.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(g) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
30
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each side on each
end of car on face of platform end sill. Clearance of outer end of
handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from end of platform
end sill.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(h) End-platform handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%,
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One right-angle handhold on each side of
each end extending horizontally from door post to corner of car
at approximate height of platform rail, then downward to within
12 inches of bottom of car.
(4) Manner of application. Handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts, screws, or rivets.
(i) Caboose-platform steps. Safe and suitable box steps lead-
ing to caboose platforms shall be provided at each corner of
caboose. Lower tread of step shall be not more than 24 inches
above top of rail.
(j) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
Note: Running boards may be omitted from caboose cars with plat.
º built after June 1, 1970, when each of the following conditions have
€6 n. met :
(1) That ladders, roof handholds (including ladder extensions) and
cupola handholds as specified in subsections (c), (d), and (e) of this
§ 231.10 are also omitted.
(2) That an appropriate notice be posted in protective manner or
stenciled on interior of caboose stating “operating employees are prohibited
under all conditions from occupying the roof of this caboose.”
(3) That a safe means must be provided to assure the safety of an op-
erating employee when requird to clean or maintain windows of a caboose
without running boards.
(4) That the following additional safety appliances as specified be se-
curely installed at the outer edge of each platform:
(a) Safety railing—(i) Number. Horizontal—four (4), two (2)
upper and two (2) lower. Vertical—four (4).
(ii) Dimensions. Minimum diameter—one (l) inch wrought iron,
Steel, or other material of equivalent strength. Minimum clearance—
four (4), preferably six (6) inches except at brace and fastening locations.
31
(iii) Locations. Vertical—one (1) at each corner of car extending
from platform end sill to level of lower horizontal safety railing or to
suitable bracket at roof.
Horizontal upper—Across each end of car near outer edge securely
braced with vertical supports not less than 48 nor more than 54 inches
above top of platform extending not less than full width of platform ex-
cluding hand brake stanchion area.
Horizontal lower—Across each end of car near outer edge securely
braced with vertical supports not less than 36 nor mor than 42 inches above
top of platform excluding hand brake stanchion area. An opening may be
provided near center. Such opening shall be provided with a secure safety
chain (s) not less than %-inch diameter wrought iron, or steel, or other
secure suitable closure.
(iv) Manner of application. Safety railing shall be securely fastened
with /4-inch bolts or rivets when possible and securely supported. A weld
at connection of vertical and horizontal safety railing and vertical supports
is permissible when those appliances are fabricated as a single unit.
(b) Kick plates—(i) Number. Four (4).
(ii) Dimensions. Minimum thickness—10-gauge wrought iron, steel
or other material of equivalent strength. Width—Minimum—24 inches.
Height—Minimum—24 inches.
(iii) Location. One near each side on each end. Outer edge not
more than 12 inches from adjacent vertical safety railing with bottom edge
near top of platform. Hand brake stand may serve as part of kick plate.
(iv) Manner of application. Securely fastened by }/4-inch bolts or
rivets, or weld.
(v) Wertical hand rail supports spaced not more than eighteen (18)
inches apart may be used in lieu of kick plates.
(5) That stove pipe shall be secured to prevent turning.
(6) That windows shall be laminated safety-type glass or equivalent.
ExISTING CABOOSE CARs witH PLATForMs.
Running boards may be removed from caboose cars with platforms built
or under construction on or before June 1, 1970, when each of the following
conditions have been met:
(1) That ladder treads above safety railing, roof handholds including
ladder extensions, and cupola handholds specified in subsections (c), (d),
and (e) of this § 231.10 are removed.
(2) That an appropriate notice be posted in protective manner or sten-
ciled in interior of caboose stating “operating employees are prohibited
under all conditions from occupying the roof of this caboose.”
(3) That a safe means must be provided to assure the safety of an op-
erating employee when required to clean or maintain windows of a caboose
without running boards.
(4) That end platform safety railing and handhold arrangement will be
deemed to meet requirements except as to upper safety railing and kick
plates, when those appliances are not provided. When vertical supports
are not more than twenty-four (24) inches apart, such supports may be
used in lieu of kick plates.
(5) That the following additional safety appliances (when not so pro-
vided) shall be securely installed at outer edge of each platform:
(a) Safety railing— (i) Number. Horizontal upper—two (2).
(ii) Dimensions. Minimum diameter—one (1) inch wrought iron
steel or other material of equivalent strength. Minimum clearance—Four
(4), preferably six (6) inches except at brace and fastening locations.
32
(iii) Location. Horizontal upper—Across each end of car near outer
edge securely braced with vertical supports not less than 48 nor more
than 54 inches above top of platform extending not less than full width of
platform excluding hand brake stanchion area. Ladder tread not more than
two (2) inches below level of upper safety railing may serve as a portion of
said safety railing.
(b) Kick plates or vertical supports. Same as provided for caboose
cars with platforms built after June 1, 1970, this note. See above.
(6) That stove pipe should be secured to prevent turning.
(7) Cupola or bay windows shall be laminated safety-type glass or
equivalent and all other caboose windows shall be so provided.
§ 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a)(2)). -
(3) Location. (i) Each hand brake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft on caboose cars without platforms
shall be located on end of car to the left of center.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) Brake step. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (b)).
(c) Running boards—(1) Number. Same as specified for
“Box and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (c) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (c) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Full length of car, center of roof. (On
caboose car with cupolas, longitudinal running boards shall ex-
tend from cupola to ends of roof.)
(ii) Outside-metal-roof cars shall have latitudinal exten-
Sions leading to ladder locations.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (c) (4)).
(d) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
Cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(e) Side-door steps—(1) Number. Two. (If caboose has
side doors.)
33
(2) Dimensions. Minimum length, 5 feet. Minimum width,
6 inches. Minimum thickness of tread, 1% inches. Minimum
height of back stop, 3 inches. Maximum height from top of
rail to top of tread, 24 inches.
(3) Location. One under each side door.
(4) Manner of application. Side-door steps shall be sup-
ported by 2 iron brackets having a minimum cross-sectional area
% by 3 inches or equivalent, each of which shall be securely
fastened to car by not less than two 3/4-inch bolts.
(f) Ladders—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (2)).
(3) Location. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (3)), except when caboose has side doors,
then side ladders shall be located not more than 8 inches from
doors.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (e) (4)).
(g) End-ladder clearance. (1) No part of car above end sills
within 30 inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake
shaft, brake wheel, brake step, running board, or uncoupling lever
shall extend to within 12 inches of a vertical plane, parallel with
end of car and passing through the inside face of knuckle when
closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill, and
no other part of end of car or fixtures on same above end sills,
other than exceptions noted in this subparagraph, shall extend be.
yond the outer face of buffer block.
(h) Roof handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (g) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) One over each ladder, on roof in line
with and running parallel to treads of ladder, not less than 8 nor
more than 15 inches from edge of roof.
(ii) Where stiles of ladders extend 12 inches or more
above roof, no other roof handholds are required.
(4) Manner of application. Roof handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than %-inch bolts with nuts outside (when
possible) and riveted over, or with not less than %-inch rivets.
(i) Cupola handholds—(1) Number. One or more.
34
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One continuous cupola handhold extend-
ing around top of cupola, not more than 3 inches from edge of
cupola roof.
(ii) Four right-angle handholds, one at each corner, not
less than 16 inches in clear length from point of angle, may take
the place of the one continuous handhold specified, if locations
coincide.
(4) Manner of application. Cupola handhold shall be se-
curely fastened with not less than %-inch bolts with nuts outside
and riveted over or with not less than }/2-inch rivets.
(j) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal, one near each end on each
side of car, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches above center
line of coupler. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall be not
more than 8 inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231. (h) (4)).
(k) Side-door handholds—(1) Number. Four: Two curved,
two straight.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%
inches.
(3) Location. (i) One curved handhold, from a point at
side of each door opposite ladder, not less than 36 inches above
bottom of car, curving away from door downward to a point not
more than 6 inches above bottom of car.
(ii) One vertical handhold at ladder side of each door from
a point not less than 36 inches above bottom of car to a point not
more than 6 inches above level of bottom of door.
(4) Manner of application. Sidedoor handholds shall be
securely fastened with not less than %-inch bolts with nuts out-
side (when possible) and riveted over or with not less than /3-
inch rivets.
35
(1) Horizontal end handholds—(1) Number. Same as specified
for “Box and other house cars.” (See § 231.1 (i) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars.” (See § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. (i) Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (3)), except that one additional end
handhold shall be on each end of cars with platform end sills as
heretofore described, unless car has door in center of end. Said
handhold shall be not less than 24 inches in length, located near
center of car, not less than 30 nor more than 60 inches above
platform end sill.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(m) Vertical end handholds. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (j)).
(n) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
§ 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vestibules.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Each passenger-train car
shall be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate
in harmony with the power brake thereon.
(2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it
can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(b) Side handholds—(1) Number. Eight.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
metal. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Minimum clearance,
1%, preferably 1% inches.
(3) Location. Vertical, one on each vestibule door post.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws.
(c) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches.
Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2% inches.
(ii) Handholds shall be flush with or project not more
than 1 inch beyond vestibule face.
36
(3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end
projecting downward from face of vestibule end sill. Clearance of
outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from
side of car.
(4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets. When marker sockets or brackets
are located so that they can not be conveniently reached from plat-
forms, suitable steps and handholds shall be provided for men to
reach such sockets or brackets.
(d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be
applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the
ground.
(2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42
inches, measured from center line of end of car to handle of attach-
ment.
(3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train
service, the uncoupling attachment shall be so applied that the
coupler can be operated from left side of car.
§ 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall
be equipped with an efficient hand brake, which shall operate in
harmony with the power brake thereon.
(2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it
can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(b) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Mini-
mum clearance, 2, preferably 2% inches. Handholds shall be flush
with or project not more than 1 inch beyond face of end sill.
(3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side of each end
on face of platform end sill, projecting downward. Clearance of
outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from end
of end sill.
(4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets.
(c) End-platform handholds—(1) Number. Four. (Cars
equipped with safety gates do not require end-platform hand-
holds.)
37
(2) Dimensions. Minimum clearance 2, preferably 2%
inches, metal.
(3) Location. Horizontal from or near door post to a point
not more than 12 inches from corner of car, then approximately
vertical to a point not more than 6 inches from top of platform.
Horizontal portion shall be not less than 24 inches in length nor
more than 40 inches above platform.
(4) Manner of application. End-platform handholds shall
be securely fastened with bolts, rivets, or screws.
(d) Uncoupling levers. (1) Uncoupling attachments shall be
applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the
ground.
(2) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment, 42
inches, measured from center of end of car to handle of attach-
ment.
(3) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train
service the uncoupling attachments shall be so applied that the
coupler can be operated from left side of car.
§ 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end platforms.
(a) Handbrakes—(1) Number. Each passenger-train car shall
be equipped with an efficient hand brake which shall operate in
harmony with the power brake thereon.
(2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it
can be safety operated while car is in motion.
(b) Sill steps—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, 10, preferably
12, inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, J/3 by 1% inches or
equivalent, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear depth, 8 inches.
(3) Location. (i) One near each end on each side not
more than 24 inches from corner of car to center of tread of sill
step.
(ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than
2 inches inside of face of side of car.
(iii) Tread shall be not more than 24, preferably not
more than 22, inches above the top of rail.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in
depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced.
38
(ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less than
%-inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over,
or with not less than %-inch rivets.
(c) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16, preferably 24,
inches. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal or vertical, one near each end on
each side of car over sill step.
(i) If horizontal, not less than 24 nor more than 30 inches
above center line of coupler.
(ii) If vertical, lower end not less than 18 nor more than
24 inches above center line of coupler.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be se-
curely fastened with bolts, rivets or screws.
(d) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 16 inches. Mini-
mum clearance, 2 preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side on each end
projecting downward from face of end sill or sheathing. Clearance
of outer end of handhold shall be not more than 16 inches from
side of car.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Handholds shall be flush with
or project not more than 1 inch beyond face of end sill.
(ii) End handholds shall be securely fastened with bolts
or rivets.
(iii) When marker sockets or brackets are located so that
they can not be conveniently reached from platforms, suitable
steps and handholds shall be provided for men to reach such
Sockets or brackets.
(e) End handrails. (On cars with projecting end sills.)
(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2%,
inches.
(3) Location. One on each side of each end, extending
horizontally from doorpost or vestibule frame to a point not more
than 6 inches from corner of car, then approximately vertical to
39
a point not more than 6 inches from top of platform end sill;
horizontal portion shall be not less than 30 nor more than 60
inches above platform end sill.
(4) Manner of application. End handrails shall be se-
curely fastened with bolts, rivets or screws.
(f) Side-door steps—(1) Number. One under each door.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, 10, preferably
12, inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, J/3 by 1% inches or
equivalent, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear depth, 8 inches.
(3) Location. Outside edge of tread of step not more than
2 inches inside of face of side of car. Tread not more than 24,
preferably not more than 22, inches above the top of rail.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Steps exceeding 18 inches in
depth shall have an additional tread and be laterally braced.
(ii) Side-door steps shall be securely fastened with not
less than %-inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible) and
riveted over, or with not less than }, inch rivets.
(iii) A vertical handhold not less than 24 inches in clear
length shall be applied above each side-door step on door post.
(g) Uucoupling levers. (i) Uncoupling attachments shall be
applied so they can be operated by a person standing on the
ground.
(ii) Minimum length of ground uncoupling attachment,
42 inches, measured from center line of end of car to handle of
attachment.
(iii) On passenger-train cars used in freight or mixed-train
service, the uncoupling attachment shall be so applied that the
coupler can be operated from the left side of car.
§ 231.15 Stedm locomotives used in rodd service.
(a) Tender sill-steps—(1) Number. Four on tender.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Bottom tread not less than 8 by 12
inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.)
(ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of trand shall
be not less than 10, preferably 12, inches.
(3) Location. One near each corner of tender on sides.
(4) Manner of application. Tender sill-steps shall be se-
curely fastened with bolts or rivets.
40
(b) Pilot sill-steps—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Tread not less than 8 inches in width by
10 inches in length, metal. (May have wooden treads.)
(3) Location. One on or near each end of buffer-beam out-
side of rail and not more than 16 inches above rail.
(4) Manner of application. Pilot sill-steps shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets.
(c) Pilot-beam handholds—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 14, preferably 16,
inches. Minimum clearance, 2% inches.
(3) Location. One on each end of buffer-beam. If un-
coupling lever extends across front end of locomotive to within 8
inches of end of buffer-beam, and is seven-eighths of an inch or
more in diameter, securely fastened, with a clearance of 2%
inches, it is a handhold.)
(4) Manner of application. Pilot-beam handholds shall be
securely fastened with bolts or rivets.
(d) Side handholds—(1) Number. Six.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, if horizontal, five-
eighths of an inch; if vertical, seven-eighths of an inch, wrought
iron or steel. Horizontal, minimum clear length, 16 inches. Ver-
tical, clear length equal to approximate height of tank. Minimum
clearance, 2, perferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. (i) Horizontal or vertical. If vertical, one
on each side of tender within 6 inches of rear or on corner; if
horizontal, same as specified for “Box and other house cars” (see
§ 231.1 (h) (3)).
(ii) One on each side of tender near gangway; 1 on each
side of locomotive at gangway; applied vertically.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than }/3-inch bolts or rivets.
(e) Rear-end handholds—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths of an inch,
wrought iron or steel. Minimum clear length, 14 inches. Mini-
mum clearance, 2, preferably 2%, inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side of rear end
of tender on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold
shall be not more than 16 inches from side of tender.
4]
(4) Manner of application. Rear-end handholds shall be se.
curely fastened with not less than }/2-inch bolts or rivets.
(f) Uncoupling levers—(1) Number. Two double levers, op-
erative from either side.
(2) Dimensions. Rear-end lever shall extend across end of
tender with handles not more than 12, preferably 9, inches from
side of tender with a guard bent on handle to give not less than 2
inches clearance around handle.
(3) Location. One on rear end of tender and one on front
end of locomotive. Handles of front-end levers shall be not more
than 12, preferably 9, inches from ends of buffer-beam, and shall
be so constructed as to give a minimum clearance of 2 inches
around handle.
(4) Manner of application. Uncoupling levers shall be se-
curely fastened with bolts or rivets.
(g) Couplers. Locomotives shall be equipped with automatic
couplers at rear of tender and front of locomotive.
§ 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching service.
(a) Footboards—(1) Number. Two or more.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum width of tread, 10 inches.
(ii) Minimum height of back stop, 4 inches above tread.
(iii) Height from top of rail to top of tread, not more than
12 nor less than 9 inches.
(iv) If made of wood, minimum thickness of tread shall
be 1%, preferably 2 inches.
(v) Footboards may be made of material other than wood
which provides the same as or a greater degree of safety than
wood of 1% inches thickness. When made of material other
than wood, the tread surface shall be of antiskid design and con-
structed with sufficient open space to permit the elmination of
snow and ice from the tread surface.
(3) Location. Ends or sides. If on ends, they shall extend
not less than 18 inches outside of gauge of straight track, and
shall be not more than 12 inches shorter than buffer-beam at
each end.
(4) Manner of application. (i) End footboards may be con-
structed in two sections, provided that practically all space on
each side of coupler is filled; each section shall be not less than 3
feet in length.
42
(ii) Footboards shall be securely bolted to two 1- by 4-inch
metal brackets, provided footboard is not cut or notched at any
point.
(iii) If footboard is cut or notched or in two sections, not
less than four 1- by 3-inch metal brackets shall be used, two
located on each side of coupler. Each bracket shall be securely
bolted to buffer beam, end sill or tank frame by not less than two
%-inch bolts.
(iv) If side footboards are used, a substantial handhold
or rail shall be applied not less than 30 inches nor more than 60
inches above tread of footboard.
(b) Sill steps—(1) Number. Two or more.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Lower tread of step shall be not less
than 8 by 12 inches, metal. (May have wooden treads.)
(ii) If stirrup steps are used, clear length of tread shall be
not less than 10, preferably 12, inches.
(3) Location. One or more on each side at gangway se-
cured to locomotive or tender.
(4) Manner of application. Sill steps shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets.
(c) End handholds—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, l inch, wrought iron
or steel. Minimum clearance, 4 inches, except at coupler casting
or braces when minimum clearance shall be 2 inches.
(3) Location. One on pilot, buffer-beam; one on rear end
of tender, extending across front end of locomotive and rear end
of tender. Ends of handholds shall be not more than 6 inches from
ends of buffer-beam or end sill, securely fastened at ends.
(4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets.
(d) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, seven-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel. Clear length equal to approximate
height of tank. Minimum clearance, 2, preferably 2% inches.
(3) Location. Vertical. One on each side of tender near
front corner; one on each side of locomotive at gangway.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely
fastened with bolts or rivets.
43
(e) Uncoupling levers—(1) Number. Two double levers, op-
erative from either side.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Handles of front-end levers shall be
not more than 12, preferably 9, inches from ends of buffer-beam,
and shall be so constructed as to give a minimum clearance of 2
inches around handle.
(ii) Rear-end levers shall extend across end of tender with
handles not more than 12, preferably 9, inches from side of tender,
with a guard bent on handle to give not less than 2 inches clear-
ance around handle.
(3) Location. One on rear end of tender and one on front
end of locomotive.
(f) Handrails and steps for headlights. Switching locomotives
with sloping tenders with manhole or headlight located on sloping
portion of tender shall be equipped with secure steps and handrail
or with platform and handrail leading to such manhole or head-
light.
(g) End-ladder clearance. No part of locomotive or tender
except draft rigging, coupler and attachments, safety chains, buffer
block, footboard, brake pipe, signal pipe, steam-heat pipe or arms
of uncoupling lever shall extend to within 14 inches of a vertical
plane passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with
horn of coupler against buffer block or end sill.
(h) Couplers. Locomotives shall be equipped with automatic
couplers at rear of tender and front of locomotive.
§ 231.17 Specifications common to call steam locomotives.
(a) Hand brakes. (1) Hand brakes will not be required on
locomotives nor on tenders when attached to locomotives.
(2) If tenders are detached from locomotives and used in
special service, they shall be equipped with efficient hand brakes.
(b) Running boards—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Not less than 10 inches wide. If of wood,
not less than 1% inches in thickness; if of metal, not less than
three-sixteenths of an inch, properly supported.
(3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from
cab to front end near pilot-beam. (Running boards may be in
sections. Flat-top steamchests may form section of running board.)
44
(4) Manner of application. (i) Running boards shall be se-
curely fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs.
(ii) Locomotives having Wooten type boilers with cab
located on top of boiler more than 12 inches forward from boiler
head shall have suitable running boards running from cab to
rear of locomotive, with handrailings not less than 20 nor more
than 48 inches above outside edge of running boards, securely
fastened with bolts, rivets, or studs.
(c) Handrails—(1) Number. Two or more.
(2) Dimensions. Not less than 1 inch in diameter, wrought
iron or steel.
(3) Location. One on each side of boiler extending from
near cab to near front end of boiler, and extending across front end
of boiler, not less than 24 nor more than 66 inches above running
board.
(4) Manner of application. Handrails shall be securely
fastened to boiler.
(d) Tenders of Vanderbilt type. (1) Tenders known as the
Vanderbilt type shall be equipped with running boards; one on
each side of tender not less than 10 inches in width and one on
top of tender not less than 48 inches in width, extending from
coal space to rear of tender.
(2) There shall be a handrail on each side of top running
board, extending from coal space to rear of tank, not less than 1
inch in diameter and not less than 20 inches in height above
running board from coal space to manhole.
(3) There shall be a handrail extending from coal space to
within 12 inches of rear of tank, attached to each side of tank
above side running board not less than 30 nor more than 66
inches above running board.
(4) There shall be one vertical end handhold on each side of
Vanderbilt type of tender, located within 8 inches of rear of tank
extending from within 8 inches of top of end sill to within 8 inches
of side handrail. Post supporting rear end of side running board,
if not more than 2 inches in diameter and properly located, may
form section of handhold.
(5) An additional horizontal end handhold shall be applied
on rear end of all Vanderbilt type of tenders which are not
equipped with vestibules. Handhold to be located not less than
45
30 nor more than 66 inches above top of end sill. Clear length
of handhold to be not less than 48 inches.
(6) Ladders shall be applied at forward ends of side running
boards.
(e) Handrails and steps for headlights. (1) Locomotives hav-
ing headlights which can not be safely and conveniently reached
from pilot-beam or steam chests shall be equipped with secure
handrails and steps suitable for the use of men in getting to and
from such headlights.
(2) A suitable metal end or side ladder shall be applied to
all tanks more than 48 inches in height, measured from the top
of end sill, and securely fastened with bolts or rivets.
(f) Couplers. Locomotives shall be equipped with automatic
couplers at rear of tender and front of locomotive.
§ 231.18 Cars of special construction.
Cars of construction not covered specifically in the foregoing
sections in this part, relative to handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand
brakes and running boards may be considered as of special con-
struction, but shall have, as nearly as possible, the same comple-
ment of handholds, sill steps, ladders, hand brakes, and running
boards as are required for cars of the nearest approximate type.
§ 231.19 Definition of “Right” and “Left.”
“Right” or “Left” refers to side of person when facing end or
side of car from ground.
§ 231.20 Variation in size permitted.
To provide for the usual inaccuracies of manufacturing and for
wear, where sizes of metal are specified, a total variation of 5
percent below size given is permitted.
§ 231.21 Tank cars without under-frames.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (1)).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (2)).
(3) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it can
be safely operated while car is in motion. The brake shaft shall
be located on end of car to the left of center.
46
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (a) (4)).
(b) End platforms—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum width, ten inches. Minimum
thickness, one and three-quarters inches.
(3) Location. One on each end extending across car a
distance equal to or greater than any other portion of car. Out-
side edge of end platform shall extend not less than seven inches
beyond bulge of tank head and safety railing.
(4) Manner of application. End platforms shall be securely
fastened to the draft sills and be sufficiently rigid to prevent
sagging.
(c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (d)).
(d) End platform safety railing— (1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. Minimum of seven-eighths inch diameter,
wrought iron or steel, or one and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum
clearance, two and one-half inches.
(3) Location. One safety railing at each end of car shall
extend horizontally across car not less than thirty-six inches nor
more than fifty-four inches above end platform and extend down-
ward within three inches of the end of the platform. The safety
railing shall be located not more than six inches from the inside
edge of the platform.
(4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be supported
at center of car and at each end by extending downward at the
ends and attaching to the platform.
(e) Side railing—(1) Number. Two.
(2) Dimensions. One and one-quarter inch pipe. Minimum
clearance two and one-half inches.
(3) Location. One on each side of car, extending from end
platform to end platform at a distance of not less than 51 inches
from centerline of car, except that where break in side railing is
necessary for side ladder or operating cabinet, the side railing
shall be securely attached to such ladder and/or cabinet.
(4) Manner of application. Safety railings shall be securely
attached to end platforms and supported from the car at intervals
not exceeding ten feet.
(f) Side handholds—(1) Number. Four.
47
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other house
cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (2)).
(3) Location. Four horizontal; one on face of end platform
end, over sill step, projecting downward or outward. Clearance
of outer end of handhold shall be not more than twelve inches
from end of car. Vertical portion of end platform safety railing
shall be considered as a side vertical handhold.
(4) Manner of application. Same as prescribed for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (h) (4)).
(g) End handholds—(1) Number. Four.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (2)).
(3) Location. Horizontal, one near each side of each end of
car on face of end sill. Clearance of outer end of handhold shall
not be more than sixteen inches from side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
other house cars” (see § 231.1 (i) (4)).
(h) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and other
house cars” (see § 231.1 (k)).
(i) End ladder clearance. No part of car above end sills within
thirty inches from side of car, except buffer block, brake shaft,
brake-shaft brackets, brake wheel, running boards or uncoupling
lever shall extend to within twelve inches of a vertical plane
parallel with end of car passing through the inside face of knuckle
when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end
sill, and no other part of end of car or fixtures on same, above
end sills, other than exceptions herein noted, shall extend beyond
the outer face of the buffer block.
(j) Operating platform, ladder and safety railing—(1) Num-
ber. One operating platform, two ladders and safety railing. Not
required if all fittings used in the loading or unloading of the
tank car are accessible from ground or end platform.
(2) Dimensions. (i) Ladder: Ladder stiles, three-eighths
by two inches or equivalent, wrought iron or steel. One and one-
quarter inch extra strong pipe will be considered equivalent.
(ii) Ladder treads minimum diameter, five-eighths of an
inch, wrought iron or steel.
(iii) Minimum clear length of treads, fourteen inches.
(iv) Maximum spacing of treads, nineteen inches.
48
(v) Minimum clearance of treads and ladder stiles, two
inches, preferably two and one-half inches.
(vi) Operating platform, minimum width, seven inches;
minimum thickness, one and three-quarters inches.
(vii) Safety railing, one and one-quarter inch wrought
iron or steel pipe.
(3) Location. (i) Operating platform to be sufficient length
to provide access to all operating fittings. Ladder to be located on
sides of car at center.
(ii) The safety railing shall enclose the operating plat-
form, manway and fittings used in the loading and unloading of
the tank. Railing shall be open only at the ladders where it shall
extend in a vertical direction down to, and be securely attached
to the platform. Maximum width of opening, twenty-four inches.
(4) Manner of application. (i) The ladders shall be securely
fastened to the operating platform. The lower portion of ladder
shall be braced in such a manner as to prevent any movement.
(ii) The operating platforms shall be supported to prevent
sagging and be securely attached to the tank.
(iii) The safety railing shall be securely attached to four
stanchions or corner posts, which shall be securely attached to the
tank or operating platform.
(k) Manner of application of safety appliances on tank cars
covered with jackets. On tanks covered with jackets, metal pads
shall be securely attached to the shell proper, to which brackets
shall be fastened for securing the safety appliances attached to
the tanks; or, the safety appliances (with the exception of the
operating platform brackets) may be secured to the jackets rein-
forced with metal pads at the point of attachment, which pads
shall extend at least two inches from the center line of rivet holes.
The operating platform brackets shall be secured to the jacket re-
inforced with suitable bands. When the safety appliances are
attached to the jacket covering of the tank, the jacket shall be
tightened so that there will be no danger of its slipping around.
§ 231.22 Operation of track motor cars.
On and after August 1, 1963, it shall be unlawful for any rail-
road subject to the requirements of the Safety Appliance Acts to
operate or permit to be operated on its line track motor cars to pull
49
or haul trailers, push trucks, hand cars, or similar cars or equip-
ment.
NotE: At 28 F.R. 7839, Aug. 1, 1963, the effective date of § 231.22 was
stayed until further order.
§ 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars addpfable to
van-type semi-trailer use.
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Pas-
senger-Train Cars Without End-Platforms.”
(2) Location. Each hand brake shall be so located that it
can be safely operated while car is in motion. The hand brake
operating device shall be located on the end of car to the left of
Center.
(b) Brake step—(1) Number. One (1).
(2) Dimensions. Not less than twenty-eight (28) inches in
length. Outside edge not less than eight (8) inches from face of
car, except when “A” frame is used and extends beyond end of
car, a platform of anti-skid design covering the extended portion
of the “A” frame may be used as brake step.
(3) Manner of application. Brake step shall be securely
fastened to car and when additional support is necessary, metal
braces having a minimum cross-sectional area three-eighths (%)
by one and one-half (1%) inches or equivalent shall be securely
fastened to body of car with not less than one-half ()/2) inch
bolts or rivets.
(c) Sill steps—(1) Number. Two (2).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum length of tread, ten (10) prefer-
ably twelve (12) inches. Minimum cross-sectional area, one-half
(%) by one and one-half (1%) inches, or equivalent, wrought
iron, steel or other metal of equivalent strength. Minimum clear
depth, eight (8) inches.
(3) Location. One (1) near the rear or trailing end of the
car on each side, not more than twenty-four (24) inches from
corner of car to center of tread of sill step.
(4) Manner application. Same as specified for “Passenger-
Train Cars Without End-Platforms.”
(d) End-clearance. No part of car above end sills except the
brake step shall extend to within twenty (20) inches of a vertical
plane parallel with end of car and passing through the outside
edge of any part of an adjoining car.
50
(e) Side hanlholds—(1) Number. Four (4).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths (%) of
an inch wrought iron, steel or metal of equivalent strength. Mini-
mum clear length, sixteen (16) preferably twenty-four (24) inches.
Minimum clearance, two (2) preferably two and one-half (2%)
inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal, two (2) over each sill step. Lower
handhold shall be not less than twenty-four (24) nor more than
thirty (30) inches above center line of coupler. Upper handhold
shall be not less than fifteen (15) nor more than nineteen (19)
inches above lower handhold. Clearance of outer end of hand-
hold shall be not more than eight (8) inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be se-
curely fastened with not less than one-half (!/...) inch bolts with nuts
outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than
one-half ()/3) inch rivets.
(f) Horizontal end-handholds—(1) Number. Seven (7).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths (%) of
an inch, wrought iron or other metal of equivalent strength. Mini-
mum clear length, sixteen (16) inches. Minimum clearance, two
(2) preferably two and one-half (2%) inches.
(3) Location. End-sill: One (1) near each side at the rear
or trailing end of car on face of end-sill or sheathing over end-sill,
projecting outward or downward. Clearance of outer end of
handhold shall be not more than sixteen (16) inches from side of
C8 I.
(i) Lower: One near each side of the rear of trailing end
of car, not less than twenty-four (24) nor more than thirty (30)
inches above center line of coupler.
(ii) Upper: One (1) near each side at the rear of trail-
ing end of car not less than fifteen (15) nor more than nineteen
(19) inches above lower handhold. Clearance of outer ends of
lower and upper handholds shall be not more than eight (8)
inches from side of car. Lower and upper handholds shall be
spaced to coincide with corresponding side handholds, a variation
of two (2) inches being allowed. On front end of car there shall
be one (1) additional end handhold full length of car not less
than forty (40) nor more than fifty (50) inches above center
line of coupler. Clearance of each end of handhold shall be not
more than eight (8) inches from side of car. When construction
51
will not permit the use of a single handhold, four (4) handholds,
each not less than sixteen (16) inches in length may be used,
provided dimensions and locations coincide.
(4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than one-half ()/2) inch bolts with the nuts
outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than
one-half (J/3) inch rivets. When marker sockets or brackets are
located so that they cannot be conventiently reached, suitable
steps and handholds shall be provided for men to reach such sockets
or brackets.
(g) Uncoupling levers. Each car shall be equipped to provide
means of coupling and uncoupling without the necessity of men
going between the cars.
§ 231.24 Box cºnd other house cars with roofs, 16 feet
10 inches or more above top of rail."
(a) Hand brakes—(1) Number. Same as specified for “Box
and Other House Cars.”
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and Other
House Cars.”
(3) Location. Each hand brake shall be located so that it
can be safely operated from the end-platform. Each brake shaft
shall be located on end of car to left of center and not more than
twenty-four (24) inches from left-side of car.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
Other House Cars.”
(b) End-platforms—(1) Number. Two (2).
' (a) Each car of this type built or rebuilt after (January 1, 1976) or
under construction prior thereto and placed in service after (effective date)
shall be equipped as specified in § 231.27(a)-(h) and (j) or, if it has roof
hatches, as specified in § 231.28.
(b) Each car of this type placed in service after November 23, 1964 and
before (effective date) shall be equipped—
(1) As specified in § 231.24; or
(2) As specified in § 231.27(a)-(h) and (j); or
(3) It it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28.
(c) Each car of this type placed in service before October 22, 1964, or
under construction on October 22, 1964 and placed in service before
November 23, 1964, shall be equipped—
(1) As specified in § 231.1; or
(2) As specified in §§ 231.1 and 231.27 (i); or
(3) As specified in § 231.27(a)-(h) and (j); or
(4) If it has roof hatches, as specified in § 231.28.
52
(2) Dimensions. Width, not less than ten (10) inches.
Length, full width of car.
(3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than
eight (8) inches above center sill.
(4) Manner of application. Each end-platform shall be se-
curely supported by not less than four (4) metal braces having a
minimum cross sectional area three-eighths (%) by one and one-
half (1%) inches or equivalent which shall be securely fastened
to body of car with not less than one-half (!/3) inch bolts or rivets.
The outside edge of each end-platform shall be not less than six
(6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and pass-
ing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler-
horn against the buffer-block or end sill and cushioning device
(if used) at full buff. End-platform shall be made of running
board material as specified for “Box and Other House Cars.”
(c) Sill steps. Same as specified for “Box and Other House
Cars.”
(d) End-ladder clearance. No part of car above end-sills
within thirty (30) inches from side of car, except buffer block
brake-shaft, brake wheel, end-platform, horizontal end handholds,
or coupling lever shall extend to within twelve (12) inches of a
vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the
inside face of knuckle, when closed with the coupler horn against
the buffer block or end-sill and cushioning device (if used) at full
buff, and no other part of end of car or fixtures on same above
end-sill, other than exceptions herein noted, shall extend beyond
outer face of buffer block.
(e) Side handholds—(1) Number. Sixteen (16).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Box and Other
House Cars.”
(3) Location. Horizontal: Four (4) near each end and on
each side of car spaced not more than nineteen (19) inches apart
and with the bottom handhold located not more than twenty-one
(21) inches from top tread of sill step, and top handhold shall
coincide in height with horizontal end-platform handhold, a varia-
tion of two (2) inches being allowed. Spacing of side handholds
shall be uniform within a limit of two (2) inches from top hand-
hold to bottom handhold. Clearance of outer ends of handholds
shall be not more than eight (8) inches from end of car.
53
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
Other House Cars,” except each bottom handhold shall have
foot guard or upward projection not less than two (2) inches in
height near inside end.
(f) Horizontal end handholds—(1) Number. Four (4).
(2) Dimension. Same as specified for “Box and Other House
Cars.”
(3) Location. One (1) near each side of each end of car
on outer edge of end platform, projecting downward with clear-
ance of outer end not more than sixteen (16) inches from side of
Cà T.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box and
Other House Cars.”
(g) Horizontal end-platform handholds—(1) Number. Two
(2).
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified for “Horizontal End
Handholds” for “Box and Other House Cars,” except length shall
extend across end of car.
(3) Location. Extending across each end of car, not less than
forty-eight (48) nor more than sixty (60) inches above tread of
end-platform with clearance at each end of not more than four (4)
inches from side of car, supported by an extra leg near center of
handholds.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Horizontal
End Handholds” for “Box and Other House Cars.”
(h) Vertical end-handholds—(1) Number. Four (4).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter five-eighths (%) of
an inch, wrought iron or steel. Minimum clearance, two (2),
preferably two and one-half (2%) inches.
(3) Location. One (1) on each side of each end of car,
not more than four (4) inches from side of car, extending down-
ward from end of horizontal end-platform handhold to within
eight (8) inches above tread of end-platform. One (1) continuous
handhold with two (2) right angles, or two (2) right angle hand-
holds, may take the place of two (2) specified vertical end-hand-
holds and one (1) horizontal end-platform handhold, provided
the dimensions and locations coincide, and extra legs at points of
angle and center are provided and securely fastened to car.
54
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified for “Box
and Other House Cars.”
(i) Uncoupling levers. Same as specified for “Box and Other
House Cars.”
(j) Painting and stenciling. (1) That portion of each end of
car more than fifteen (15) feet above top of rail shall be painted
with contrasting reflectorized paint and shall bear the words “No
running board” to the left of center and “Excess height car” to
the right of center.
(2) Lettering to be not less than three (3) inches high. On
each side-sill near end corner there shall be painted a yellow rec-
tangular area with a three-fourths (%) inch black border contain-
ing the words “This car excess height—no running board.”
Lettering to be not less than one and one-half (1%) inches high.
When car is equipped with center sill or underframe cushioning
device having more than twelve (12) inches longitudinal impact
absorbing travel, and a part of the uncoupling device and—or
brake pipe is located parallel to the exposed end of the center sill,
such part shall provide at least two (2) inches of clearance near
the coupler of sufficient length to permit use as an emergency
handhold during air hose coupling operation and the top of ex-
posed ends of sliding center sill shall be coated with anti-skid
paint.
§ 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4-wheel cars which
can be removed from the rails by men.)
(a) Handbrakes (includes foot operated brake). Each track
motor car shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located
that it can be safely operated while the cár is in motion. Each
handbrake shall be equipped with a ratchet or other suitable de-
vice which will provide a means of keeping the brake applied when
car is not in motion.
NoTE: The requirements of this rule will be satisfied if the ratchet or
other suitable device operates in connection with at least one handbrake on
track motorcars that may be equipped with more than one such brake.
(b) Handholds. One or more safe and suitable handholds con-
veniently located shall be provided. Each handhold shall be se-
curely fastened to car.
(c) Sill steps or footboards. Each track motorcar shall be
equipped with safe and suitable sill steps or footboards con-
veniently located and securely fastened to car when bed or deck
of track motorcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail.
55
(d) Couplers. When used to haul other cars, each track motor-
car shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such cars
are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attachment,
(2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the necessity of
men going between the ends of the cars.
§ 231.26 Pushccurs.
(a) Handbrakes. When used to transport persons, each push-
car shall be equipped with an efficient handbrake so located that
it can be safely operated while car is in motion.
(b) Handholds (includes handles). Each pushcar shall be pro-
vided with one or more secure handholds. When used to transport
persons, each pushcar shall be provided with one or more safe
and suitable handholds conveniently located above the top of the
bed of each pushcar.
(c) Sill steps or footboards. When used to transport persons,
each pushcar shall be equipped with safe and suitable sillsteps or
footboards conveniently located and securely fastened to car, when
bed or deck of pushcar is more than 24 inches above top of rail.
(d) Couplers. When moved together with other vehicles, each
pushcar shall be equipped with a coupler at each end where such
vehicles are coupled (1) which provides a safe and secure attach-
ment, and (2) which can be coupled or uncoupled without the
necessity of men going between the ends of the cars.
NotE: Sections 231.25 and 231.26 are applicable only when the vehicles
governed thereby are coupled together and moved together.
§ 231.27 Box cind other house cars without roof hatches
(does not include cars with roofs 16 feet 10 inches or
more cabove top of rail).
(a) Handbrakes. The handbrake may be of any efficient de-
sign, but must provide the same degree of safety as, or a greater
degree of safety than, the following specifications.
(1) Wumber. (i) Each box or other house car without roof
hatches shall be equipped with an efficient vertical wheel hand-
brake which shall operate in harmony with the power brake
thereon.
(ii) The handbrake may be of any efficient design, but
must provide a total braking force applied to brake shoes not
less than the total force applied to the brake shoes by the brake
cylinders at 50 pounds per square inch.
56
(2) Dimensions. (i) The brake wheel may be deep or shal.
low, of malleable iron, wrought iron, steel, or other material of
equivalent strength.
(ii) Overall diameter of brake wheel nominally twenty-
two (22) inches.
(iii) Depth of brake wheel hub shall be two and five-
eighths (2%) inches with square taper shaft fit, taper two (2)
inches in twelve (12) inches with small end of taper fit seven-
eighths (7%) inches.
(iv) Brake wheel and drum shall be arranged so that both
will revolve when applying and gradually releasing the hand-
brake. Handbrake shall be provided with means to prevent ap-
plication of the brake by winding in a counter-clockwise direction.
(v) Brake shaft shall be arranged with a square fit at
its outer end to secure the handbrake wheel; and square fit shall
be not less than seven-eighths (%) of an inch square. Square-
fit taper: nominally two (2) in twelve (12) inches (see Plate A).
(vi) All chains shall be not less than nine-sixteenths (946)
inch BBB coil chain.
(vii) All handbrake rods shall be not less than three-
fourths (%) inch diameter.
(3) Location. (i) The handbrake shall be so located that
it can be safely operated from horizontal end platform while car
is in motion.
(ii) The brake shaft shall be located on end of car, to the
left of and not less than seventeen (17) nor more than twenty-
two (22) inches from center and not less than twenty-six (26)
nor more than forty (40) inches above top of end-platform tread.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Brake wheel shall be held
in position on brake shaft by a nut on a threaded extended end of
brake shaft; said thread portion shall be not less than three-fourths
(%) of an inch in diameter; said nut shall be secured by riveting
over or by the use of a locknut or suitable cotter.
(ii) Outside edge of brake wheel shall be not less than
four (4) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car
and passing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with
coupler horn gainst the buffer block or end sill.
(iii) Handbrake housing shall be securely fastened to car.
(b) End platforms—(1) Number. Two (2).
(2) Dimensions. Width not less than eight (8) inches;
length, not less than sixty (60) inches.
57
(3) Location. One (1) centered on each end of car be-
tween inner ends of handholds not more than eight (8) inches
above top of center sill.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Each end platform shall be
securely supported by not less than three (3) metal braces having
a minimum cross sectional area of three-eighths (%) by one and
one-half (1%) inches or equivalent, which shall be securely
fastened to body of car with not less than one-half (%) inch
bolts or rivets.
(ii) Where conventional draft gear or cushioning device
having longitudinal travel less than six (6) inches is used the out-
side edge of each end platform shall be not less than twelve (12),
inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing
through the inside fact ºf knuckle when closed with coupler horn
against buffer block. Where cushioning device having longitudinal
travel six (6) inches or more is used the outside edge of each end
platform shall be not less than six (6) inches from a vertical plane
parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of
knuckle when closed with end sill and cushioning device at full
buff. End platform shall be made of wood or of material which
provides the same as or a greater degree of safety than wood of
1% inches thickness. When made of material other than wood
the tread surface shall be anti-skid design and constructed with
sufficient open space to permit the elimination of snow and ice
from the tread surface.
(c) Sill Steps—(1) Number. Four (4).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum cross-sectional area one-half (%)
by one and one-half (1%) inches, or equivalent, of wrought iron,
steel, or other material of equivalent strength. Minimum length
of tread, ten (10), preferably twelve (12) inches. Minimum
clear depth, eight (8) inches.
(3) Location. (i) One (1) near each end of each side of
car, so that there shall be no more than eighteen (18) inches from
end of car to center of tread of sill step.
(ii) Outside edge of tread of step shall be not more than
four (4) inches inside of face of side of car, preferably flush with
side of car.
(iii) Tread shall be not more than twenty-four (24), pref.
erably not more than twenty-two (22) inches above the top of
rail.
58
(4) Manner of application. (i) Sill steps exceeding twenty-
one (21) inches in depth shall have an additional tread.
(ii) Sill steps shall be securely fastened with not less
than one-half (A) inch bolts with nuts outside (when possible)
and riveted over, or with not less than one-half (%) inch rivets.
(d) End ladder (appliances) clearance. No part of car above
end sills within thirty (30) inches from side of car, except buffer
block, brake shaft, brake wheel, end platform, horizontal end
handholds, or uncoupling lever shall extend to within twelve (12)
inches of a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing
through the inside face of knuckle, when closed with the coupler
horn against the buffer block or end sill and cushioning device
(if used) at full buff, and no other part of end of car or fixtures
on same above end sill, other than exceptions herein noted, shall
extend beyond outer face of buffer block.
(e) Side handholds—(1) Number. Sixteen (16).
(2) Dimensions. Minimum diameter, five-eighths (%) of
an inch, wrought iron, steel, or other material of equivalent
strength. Minimum clear length, sixteen (16) inches, preferably
twenty-four (24) inches. Minimum clearance, two (2), prefer-
ably two and one-half (2%) inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal; four (4) near each end on each
side of car spaced not more than nineteen (19) inches apart and
with the bottom handhold located not more than twenty-one (21)
inches from top tread of sill step, and top handhold shall coin-
cide in height with top end handhold, a variation of two (2)
inches being allowed. Spacing of side handhold shall be uniform
within a limit of two (2) inches from top handhold to bottom
handhold. Clearance of outer ends of handholds shall be not
more than eight (8) inches from end of car.
(4) Manner of application. Side handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than one-half ()/2) inch bolts with nuts
outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than
one-half ()/2) inch rivets. Each bottom handhold shall have
foot guard or upward projection not less than two (2) inches in
height near inside end.
(f) End handholds—(1) Number. Sixteen (16).
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameter, five-eighths (%)
of an inch, wrought iron, steel, or other material of equivalent
strength.
59
(ii) Minimum clear length, sixteen (16) inches, preferably
twenty-four (24) inches.
(iii) Minimum clearance, two (2), preferably two and one-
half (2%) inches.
(3) Location. Horizontal: Four (4) near each side on
each end of car spaced not more than nineteen (19) inches apart
and with the bottom handhold located not more than twenty-one
(21) inches from top tread of sill step, and top handhold shall
coincide in height with end platform handholds, a variation of
two (2) inches being allowed. Clearance of outer ends of hand-
holds shall be not more than eight (8) inches from inside of car.
(4) Manner of application. End handholds shall be securely
fastened with not less than one-half ()/2) inch bolts with nuts out-
side (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less than one-
half (1/3) inch rivets. Each bottom handhold shall have foot guard
or upward projection not less than two (2) inches in height near
inside end.
(g) Horizontal end-platform handholds—(1) Number. Two
(2).
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum diameter, five-eighths (%)
of an inch, wrought iron, steel, or other material of equivalent
strength.
(ii) Minimum clearance two (2), preferably two and one-
half (2%) inches.
(iii) Minimum clear length sixty (60) inches. When se-
curity of attachment requires, an extra supporting leg may be
applied near center of clear length.
(3) Location. One (1) on each end of car above end plat-
form. Outer legs shall be not more than six (6) inches from inner
legs of top end handholds. Height above tread of end platform:
Not less than forty-eight (48) nor more than sixtly (60) inches.
(4) Manner of application. End platform handholds shall be
securely fastened with not less than one-half (1/3) inch bolts with
nuts outside (when possible) and riveted over, or with not less
than one-half (5/3) inch rivets.
(h) Uncoupling levers—(1) Number. Two (2).
(2) Dimensions. (i) Handles of uncoupling levers, except
those shown on Plate B or of similar designs, shall be not more
than six (6) inches from side of car.
(ii) Uncoupling levers of design shown on Plate B and of
similar designs shall conform to the following prescribed limits:
60
(a) Handles shall be not more than twelve (12), prefer-
ably nine (9) inches from sides of car. Center lift arms shall be
not less than seven (7) inches long.
(b) Center of eye at end of center lift arm shall be not
more than three and one-half (3%) inches beyond center of eye
of uncoupling pin of coupler when horn of coupler is against the
buffer block or end sill (see Plate B).
(c) End of handles shall extend not less than four (4)
inches below bottom of end sill or shall be so constructed as to give
a minimum clearance of two (2) inches around handle. Mini-
mum drop of handles shall be twelve (12) inches; maximum,
fifteen (15) inches overall (see Plate B).
(iii) Handles of uncoupling levers of the “rocking” or
“push-down” type shall be not less than eighteen (18) inches
from top of rail when lockblock has released knuckle, and a suit-
able stop shall be provided to prevent inside arm from flying up
in case of breakage.
(3) Location. One (1) on each end of car. When single
lever is used, it shall be placed on left side of end of car.
(i) Existing box and other house cars without roof hatches.
(1) Box and other house cars without roof hatches built on or
before April 1, 1966, or under construction prior thereto and
placed in service before October 1, 1966, shall be deemed equipped
as nearly as possible within the intent of § 231.1 and of this sec-
tion when: (i) The running board, roof handholds over side and
end ladders at “A” end of car and ladder treads above the fourth
tread from bottom of side and end ladder at “A” end are re-
moved; (ii) one (1) horizontal end-platform handhold is applied
on each end of car as specified in this section except the right
hand end shall be not more than eight (8) inches from side of
car, or where car end contour makes impractical the use of a
single continuous end handhold, there is applied the equivalent
consisting of two (2) handholds, the center handhold to be a
minimum of thirty (30) inches in clear length and the handhold
to the right to be a minimum of nineteen (19) inches in clear
length and to extend to within eight (8) inches of the right side
of the car, such handholds to be not more than twelve (12) inches
apart; and (iii) with handbrake operated near roof of car: a
brake step shall be provided as specified in § 231.1 and lettering
one and one-half (1%) inches high shall be painted on a yellow
background on side sill near “B” end of car with a three-fourths
6]
(%) inch block border containing the words “Keep Off Roof–
No Running Board,” or with handbrake operated from approxi-
mate level of top of end sill: roof handholds and side and end
ladder treads above the fourth tread from the bottom of ladders
at “B” end of car shall be removed and a brake step as specified
by § 231.1 shall be used with top of tread surface being level with
or not more than four (4) inches below adjacent end handhold.
(2) Subdivision (ii) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph
shall not apply to cars equipped with end platforms and end plat-
form handholds.
(j) Painting and Marking. Box and other house cars with
roofs 16 feet and 10 inches or more above top of rail shall be
painted and marked as follows:
(1) That portion of each end of the car which is more than
fifteen (15) feet above top of rail shall be painted with contrast-
ing reflectorized paint and bear the words “excess height car” in
lettering not less than three (3) inches high; and
(2) On each side sill near end corner there shall be painted
or otherwise displayed a yellow rectangular area with a three-
fourths (%) inch black border containing the words “this car
excess height” in lettering not less than one and one-half (1%
inches high.
§ 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof hatches.
The specifications of § 231.27 shall apply except as to the
following:
(a) Running boards. Same as specified in § 231.1, except:
the end of longitudinal running board shall be not less than six
(6) inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and pass.
ing through the inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler
horn against buffer block or end sill.
(b) Ladders—(1) Number. Two (2).
(2) Dimensions. (i) Minimum clear length of tread: sixteen
(16) inches.
(ii) Maximum spacing between treads nineteen (19)
inches.
(3) Location. One (1) on each end of car not more than
eight (8) inches from left-hand side.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1.
62
(c) Roof handholds—(1) Number. Two (2), one (1) over
each ladder.
(2) Dimensions. Same as specified in § 231.1.
(3) Location. On roof of car. One (1) parallel to treads
of each ladder, not less than eight (8) nor more than fifteen (15)
inches from edge of roof, except on refrigerator cars where ice
hatches prevent, when location may be nearer edge of roof.
(4) Manner of application. Same as specified in § 231.1.
(d) End handholds. (Treads of end ladders are end hand-
holds.) Same as specified for $ 231.27.
(e) Existing box and other house cars with roof hatches. Box
and other house cars with roof hatches built on or before April 1,
1966, or under construction prior thereto and placed in service
before October 1, 1966, shall be deemed equipped as nearly as
possible within the intent of § 231.1 and of this section when:
Equipped as specified in § 231.1 except (1) the side ladder treads
above the fourth tread from bottom of side ladder near “A” end
of car and roof handhold over the side ladder near “A” end shall
be removed; (2) and (1) end platform handhold shall be pro-
vided on each end of car as specified in § 231.27(i); and when
handbrake is operated near roof of car a brake step shall be pro-
vided as specified by § 231.1 or when handbrake is operated from
approximate level of top of end sill the roof handhold over side
ladder near “B” end and treads above the fourth tread from
bottom of side ladder near “B” end shall be removed and a brake
step as specified in § 231.1 shall be used with top of tread sur.
face level with or not more than four (4) inches below adjacent
end handhold.
§ 231.29 Rodd locomotives with corner stairways.
After September 30, 1979, road locomotives with corner stair-
way openings must be equipped with (a) uncoupling mechanisms
that can be operated safely from the bottom stairway opening
step as well as ground level, and (b) the vertical handholds and
horizontal end handholds prescribed in § 231.30(e) and (g). No
part of the uncoupling mechanism may extend into the stairway
opening or end platform area when the mechanism is in its nor-
mal position or when it is operated. Each carrier shall so equip
forty percent (40 percent) of its road locomotives by October 1,
63 ,
1977, seventy percent (70 percent) by October 1, 1978, and all
such locomotives by October 1, 1979.
§ 231.30 Locomotives used in switching service.
(a) General requirements. (1) Except for steam locomotives
equipped as provided in § 231.16 of this part, all locomotives used
in switching service built after March 31, 1977, must be equipped
as provided in this section.
(2) Except for steam locomotives equipped as prescribed in
§ 231.16 of this part, all locomotives built prior to April 1, 1977,
used in switching service after September 30, 1979, shall be
equipped as provided in this section. Each carrier shall so equip
forty percent (40 percent) of such locomotives by October 1,
(3) Locomotives without corner stairway openings may not
be used to perform any switching service after September 30,
1979 except passenger car switching service at passenger stations.
(b) Definitions. (1) “Locomotive used in switching service”
means a locomotive regularly assigned to perform yard switching
Serv 1Cé.
(2) “Switching Service” means the classification of cars
according to commodity or destination; assembling of cars for
train movements; changing the position of cars for purposes of
loading, unloading, or weighing, placing of locomotives and cars
for repair or storage; or moving of rail equipment in connection
with work service that does not constitute a road movement.
However, this term does not include movement of a train or part
of a train within yard limits by the road locomotive and the
placement of locomotives or cars in a train or their removal from
a train by the road locomotive while en route to the train's desti-
nation.
(3) “Safety tread surface” means that portion of anti-skid
surface of a switching step that actually is contacted by a shoe
or boot.
(4) “Uncoupling mechanism” means the arrangement for
operating the coupler lock liſt, including the uncoupling lever and
all other appurtenances that facilitate operation of the coupler.
(c) Switching step. (1) Number.—Each locomotive used in
switching service must have four (4) switching steps. (See Plate
A’)
64.
(2) Dimensions. Each such switching step must have—
(i) On locomotives built after March 31, 1977, a minimum
width of twenty-four (24) inches and a minimum depth of twelve
(12) inches, except when necessary to accommodate the turning
arc of a six-wheel truck and its appurtenances, the inside edge of
the switching step shall have a minimum width of seventeen (17)
inches (See Plate B');
(ii) On locomotives built prior to April 1, 1977, a mini-
mum width of eighteen (18) inches, and a minimum depth of
eight (8) inches;
(iii) A backstop, solid or perforated, with minimum height
of backstop of six (6) inches above the safety tread surface; and
(iv) A height of not more than nineteen (19) inches,
preferably fifteen (15) inches, measured from top of rail to the
safety tread surface.
(3) Location. Switching steps must be located on each side
near each end of a locomotive used in switching service. The
bottom step of the stairway at these locations may also serve as a
switching step if it meets all of the requirements of this section.
(4) Manner of application. (i) Switching steps must be
supported by a bracket at each end and fastened to the bracket
by two bolts or rivets of at least one-half (V3) inch diameter or
by a weldment of at least twice the strength of a bolted attach-
ment.
(ii) Vertical clearance must be unobstructed, except for
minor intrusions created by mechanical fasteners or a small tri-
angular gusset plate at the platform level walkway, and free for
use for at least a distance of eighty-four (84) inches over a por-
tion of the switching step that is not less than seven (7) inches
deep by eighteen (18) inches wide on locomotives built prior to
April 1, 1977, and of not less than seven (7) inches deep by
twenty-four (24) inches wide on locomotives built after March 31.
1977.
(5) Material. (i) Steel or other material of equivalent or
better strength and deflection characteristics, anti-skid, safety
design, having at least fifty percent (50%) of the tread surface
as open space must be used.
(ii) When the step material creates a second level safety
tread surface, the maximum difference in surface levels may not
exceed three-eighths (%) of an inch.
G5
(iii) The safety tread surface must extend to within one-
half (%) inch of each edge of the step.
(6) Visibility. The outer edge of each switching step that
is not illuminated must be painted a contrasting color. On loco-
motives built after March 31, 1977, switching steps shall be
illuminated; on multiple-unit locomotive consists used in switch-
ing service, only the front switching steps of the leading unit and
the rear switching steps of the trailing unit must be illuminated.
(d) End footboards and pilot steps. (1) Except for steam
locomotives equipped as provided in § 231.16, locomotives used
in switching service built after March 31, 1975, may not be
equipped with end footboards or pilot steps.
(2) Except for steam locomotives equipped as provided in
§ 231.16, locomotives used in switching service built before April
1, 1975, may not be equipped with end footboards or pilot steps
after September 30, 1978. Whenever end footboards or pilot
steps are removed from a locomotive, the uncoupling mechanism
and horizontal end handholds of the locomotive must be modified
to comply with paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section.
(e) Vertical handholds. Each switching step must be provided
with two (2) vertical handholds or handrails, one on each side of
the switching step stairway.
(1) On locomotives built after March 31, 1977, each vertical
handhold must—
(i) Be constructed of wrought iron, steel or other material
of equivalent strength and durability that is at least one (l) inch
diameter and be securely fastened to the locomotive with one-half
()/2) inch or larger bolts or rivets;
(ii) Begin not less than six (6) inches nor more than
thirty-two (32) inches above the safety tread surface of the
switching step; on units with high snowplows, each must begin
not more than thirty-six (36) inches above the safety tread sur-
face of the switching step;
(iii) Extend upward from switching step surface at least
forty-eight (48) inches;
(iv) Be painted in a contrasting color to a height of at
least forty-eight (48) inches above the safety tread surface of the
switching step; and
(v) Provide at least two and one-half (2%) inches of
usable hand clearance throughout its entire length.
66
(2) On locomotives built before April 1, 1977, each vertical
handhold must—
(i) Be constructed of wrought iron, steel or other material
of equivalent strength and durability that is at least seven-eighths
(%) inch in diameter and be securely fastened with one-half
(%) inch or larger bolts or rivets;
(ii) Begin not less than five (5) inches nor more than
thirty-two (32) inches above the safety tread surface; on units
with high snowplows, each must begin not more than thirty-six
(36) inches above the safety tread surface;
(iii) Extend upward from safety tread surface of the
switching step at least forty-eight (48) inches;
(iv) Be painted in a contrasting color to a height of at
least forty-eight (48) inches above the safety tread surface of the
switching step; and
(v) Provide at least two and one-half (2%) inches usable
hand clearance throughout its entire length.
(f) Uncoupling mechanisms. Each locomotive used in switch-
ing service must have means for operating the uncoupling mech-
anism safely from the switching step as well as from ground level.
No part of the uncoupling mechanism may extend into the switch-
ing step or stairway opening or end platform area when the
mechanism is in its normal position or when it is operated. (See
Plate A7)
(g) Horizontal end handholds. Each locomotive used in switch-
ing service must have four (4) horizontal end handholds.
(1) Each horizontal end handhold must— º,
(i) Be constructed of wrought iron, steel or other material
of equivalent strength and durability that is at least five-eighths
(%) inch in diameter and be securely fastened to the locomotive
with one-half ()/2) inch or larger bolts or rivets;
(ii) Be located not less than thirty (30) inches nor more
than fifty (50) inches above the top of rail with its outer end not
more than 16 inches from the side of the locomotive; on units
with a high snowplow that makes normal end handhold location
inaccessible, end handhold shall be located on top of plow blade.
with the center of the handhold not more than fifty-three (53)
inches above the top of rail, and be in line with the slope of the
plow blade;
67
(iii) Be at least fourteen (14) inches long; and
(iv) Provide at least two (2) inches, preferably two and
one-half (2%) inches, usable hand clearance throughout its entire
length.
(2) An uncoupling lever may also serve as a horizontal end
handhold if it complies with the requirements of this paragraph.
When an uncoupling lever also serves as the horizontal end hand-
hold, it is considered to be securely fastened if its securement
brackets are attached to the locomotive by one-half (!/3) inch or
larger bolts or rivets and its movement between those brackets is
limited to the rotation necessary for performance of the uncoupling
function.
68
ITEM
A Height of switching step
above tasti
Minimum width of twitching step
(betweer warrway supports?
C.
Minimum depth of watching step
D
. Minimurn height of back stop
£
Minimum distance from ſtunt edge
of witching step to front edge
of first step above
f
Distance above witching step for
start of vertocal handholds
Minimum-Maximum
EXCEPTION Man trnum for units
with hugh inowplows
Clear height above witching step
:
Vertical handhold clearance
Height above top of rail for
horizontal hardhold or uncoupling
ſever iſ used as horizontal
hardhold
EXCEPTION: Maximum for units
wºth high snowplow
J. Munrnum height above
watching step of verties?
handhold
K. Horizontal handhold tiearance
of uncoupling levet ctestance
iſ used at honzontal handhold
NOTES:
DIMENSION
futw UNHTS
15” preſerted
19" ran innurn
2%” minimurn
30”.50°
2.2%,”
1. Switching steps must be supported
by a bracket at each end and fastened to
the bracket by two bolts or rivets of at
least one-half (%) inch diameter or by
a weldment of at least twice the strength
of a bolted attachment.
2. The outer edge of each
switching step that is not illuminated
must be painted a contrasting color.
3. Vertical handholds must be painted
in a contrasting color to a height of
et
EXISTING
UNITS
15" preferred
19” rinax innurn
$8”
B”
6”
5'' 32"
36”
84”
2%” rminimum
30”.50”
48°
least forty-eight (48) inches above the
safety tread surface of the switching step.
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70
Part 232—Railroad Power Brakes and Drawbars
§ 232.1 Power brakes; minimum percentage.
On and after September 1, 1910, on all railroads used in inter-
state commerce, whenever, as required by the Safety Appliance
Act as amended March 2, 1903, any train is operated with power
or train brakes, not less than 85 percent of the cars of such train
shall have their brakes used and operated by the enigneer of the
locomotive drawing such train, and all power-brake cars in every
such train which are associated together with the 85 percent shall
have their brakes so used and operated.
§ 232.2 Drawbars; standard height.
Except on cars specified in the proviso in section 6 of the
Safety Appliance Act of March 2, 1893 (sec. 6, 27 Stat. 532, 45
U.S.C. 6) as the same was amended April 1, 1896 (29 Stat. 85;
45 U.S.C. 6) the standard height of drawbars heretofore desig-
nated in compliance with law is hereby modified and changed in
the manner hereinafter prescribed, to wit: The maximum height
of drawbars for freight cars measured perpendicularly from the
level of the tops of rails to the centers of drawbars for standard-
gauge railroads in the United States subject to said act shall be
34% inches, and the minimum heights of drawbars for freight cars
on such standard-gauge railroads measured in the same manner
shall be 31% inches, and on narrow-gauge railroads in the United
States subject to said act the maximum height of drawbars for
freight cars measured from the level of the tops of rails to the
centers of drawbars shall be 26 inches, and the minimum height
of drawbars for freight cars on such narrow-gauge railroads meas.
ured in the same manner shall be 23 inches, and on 2-foot-gauge
railroads in the United States subject to said act the maximum
height of drawbars for freight cars measured from the level of the
tops of rails to the centers of drawbars shall be 17% inches, and
the minimum height of drawbars for freight cars on such 2-foot-
gauge railroads measured in the same manner shall be 14%
inches.
7]
§ 232.3 Power brakes and cipplicances for operating power-
brake systems.
(a) The specifications and requirement for power brakes and
appliances for operating power-brake systems for freight service
set forth in the appendix to the report on further hearing, of May
30, 1945, are hereby adopted and prescribed. (See Appendix to
this Part for order in Docket 13528.)
RULES FOR INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF AIR
BRAKE EQUIPMENT
§ 232.10 General rules; locomotives.
(a) Air brake and hand brake equipment on locomotives in-
cluding tender must be inspected and maintained in accordance
with the requirements of the Locomotive Inspection and United
States Safety Appliance Act and related orders and regulations
of the Federal Railroad Administrator (FRA).
(b) It must be known that air brake equipment on locomotives
is in a safe and suitable condition for service.
(c) Compressor or compressors must be tested for capacity by
orifice test as often as conditions require but not less frequently
than required by law and orders of the FRA.
(d) Main reservoirs shall be subjected to tests periodically as
required by law and orders of the FRA.
(e) Air gauges must be tested periodically as required by law
and orders of the FRA, and whenever any irregularity is re-
ported. They shall be compared with an accurate deadweight
tester, or test gauge. Gauges found inaccurate or defective must
be repaired or replaced.
(f) (1) All operating portions of air brake equipment together
with dirt collectors and filters must be cleaned, repaired and tested
as often as conditions require to maintain them in a safe and
suitable condition for service, and not less frequently than re-
quired by law and orders of the FRA.
(2) On locomotives so equipped, hand brakes, parts, and con-
nections must be inspected, and necessary repairs made as often as
the service requires, with date being suitably stencilled or tagged.
(g) The date of testing or cleaning of air brake equipment
and the initials of the shop or station at which the work was done
72
shall be placed on a card displayed under transparent covering in
the cab of each locomotive unit.
(h) (1) Minimum brake cylinder piston travel must be suf-
ficient to provide proper brake shoe clearance when brakes are
released.
(2) Maximum brake cylinder piston travel when locomotive
is standing must not exceed the following:
Inches
Steam locomotives:
Cam type of driving wheel brake -------------------- 3%
Other types of driving wheel brakes ------------------ 6
Engine truck brake ------------------------------- 8
Engine trailer truck brake ------------------------- 8
Tender brake (truck mounted and tender bed mounted) -- 8
Tender brake (body mounted) --------------------- 9
- Inches
Locomotives other than steam:
Driving wheel brake ------------------------------ Ö
Swivel type truck brake with brakes on more than one
truck operated by one brake cylinder -------------- 7
Swivel type truck brake equipped with one brake cylinder 8
Swivel type truck brake equipped with two or more brake
cylinders -------------------------------------- 6
(i) (1) Foundation brake rigging, and safety supports, where
used, must be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for
service. Levers, rods, brake beams, hangars and pins must be of
ample strength and must not bind or foul in any way that will
affect proper operation of brakes. All pins must be properly ap-
plied and secured in place with suitable locking devices. Brake
shoes must be properly applied and kept approximately in line
with treads of wheels or other braking surfaces.
(2) No part of the foundations brake rigging and safety
supports shall be closer to the rails than specified by law and
orders of the FRA.
(j) (1) Main reservoir leakage: Leakage from main air reser-
voir and related piping shall not exceed an average of 3 pounds
per minute in a test of three minutes duration, made after the
pressure has been reduced 40 percent below maximum pressure.
73
(2) Brake pipe leakage: Brake pipe leakage must not ex-
ceed 5 pounds per minutes after reduction of 10 pounds has been
made from brake pipe air pressure of not less than 70 pounds.
(3) Brake cylinder leakage: With a full service application
of brakes, and with communication to the brake cylinders closed,
brakes must remain applied not less than five minutes.
(4) The main reservoir system of each unit shall be equipped
with at least one safety valve, the capacity of which shall be suf-
ficient to prevent an accumulation of pressure of more than 10
pounds per square inch above the maximum setting of the com-
pressor governor fixed by the chief mechanical officer of the car-
rier operating the locomotive.
(5) A suitable governor shall be provided that will stop and
start the air compressor within 5 pounds above or below the
pressure fixed.
(6) Compressor governor when used in connection with the
automatic air brake system shall be so adjusted that the com-
pressor will start when the main reservoir pressure is not less
than 15 pounds above the maximum brake-pipe pressure fixed by
the rules of the carrier and will not stop the compressor until the
reservoir pressure has increased not less than 10 pounds.
(k) The communicating signal system on locomotives when
used in passenger service must be tested and known to be in a
safe and suitable condition for service before each trip.
(l) Enginemen when taking charge of locomotives must know
that the brakes are in operative condition.
(m) In freezing weather drain cocks on air compressors of
steam locomotives must be left open while compressors are shut off.
(n) Air pressure regulating devices must be adjusted for the
following pressures:
74.
LOCOMOTIVES
Pounds
(1) Minimum brake pipe air pressure:
Road Service -------------------------- 70
Switch Service ------------------------- 60
(2) Minimum differential between brake pipe and
main reservoir air pressures, with brake valve
in running position --------------------- 15
(3) Safety valve for straight air brake ---------- 30–55
(4) Safety valve for LT, ET, No. 8–EL, No. 14 EL,
No. 6–DS, No. 6–BL and No. 6–SL equipment 30–68
(5) Safety valve for HSC and No. 24–RL equipment 30–75
(6) Reducing valve for independent or straight air
brake --------------------------------- 30–50
(7) Self-lapping portion for electro-pneumatic brake
(minimum full application pressure) ------ 50
(8) Self-lapping portion for independent air brake
(full application pressure) --------------- 30–50
(9) Reducing valve for air signal --------------- 40–60
(10) Reducing valve for high-speed brake (minimum) 50
CARS
(11) Reducing valve for high-speed brake --------- 58–62
(12) Safety valve for PS, LN, UC, AML, AMU and
AB–1-B air brakes --------------------- 58–62
(13) Safety valve for HSC air brake -----_______ 58–77
(14) Governor valve for water raising system ------ 60
(15) Reducing valve for water raising system ------ 20–30
§ 232.11 Train air-brake system tests.
(a) Supervisors are jointly responsible with inspectors, engine-
men and trainmen for condition of air brake and air signal equip-
ment on motive power and cars to the extent that it is possible to
detect defective equipment by required air tests.
(b) Communicating signal system on passenger equipment
trains must be tested and known to be in a suitable condition for
service before leaving terminal.
(c) Each train must have the air brakes in effective operating
condition, and at no time shall the number and location of opera-
tive air brakes be less than permitted by Federal requirements.
When piston travel is in excess of 10 inches, the air brakes cannot
be considered in effective operating condition.
75
(d) Condensation must be blown from the pipe from which air
is taken before connecting yard line' or motive power to train.
§ 232.12 Initical termindl rocid frcuin cuir brake fests.
(a) Except for run-through and unit run-through trains covered
under § 232.19, each train must be inspected and tested as specified
in this section at points—
(1) Where the train is originally made up (initial terminal);
(2) Where train consist is changed, other than by adding or
removing a solid block of cars, and the train brake system re-
mains charged; and
(3) Where the train is received in interchange.
(b) Each carrier shall designate additional inspection points
not more than 500 miles apart where intermediate inspection
will be made to determine that—
(1) Brake pipe pressure leakage does not exceed 5 pounds
per minute;
(2) Brakes apply on each car in response to a 20-pound
service brake pipe pressure reduction; and
(3) Brake rigging is properly secured and does not bind
or foul.
(c) Train air brake system must be charged to required air
pressure, angle cocks and cutout cocks must be properly posi-
tioned, air hose must be properly coupled and must be in
condition for service. An examination must be made for leaks
and necessary repairs made to reduce leakage to a minimum.
Retaining valves and retaining valve pipes must be inspected and
known to be in condition for service. If train is to be operated
in electropneumatic brake operation, brake circuit cables must
be properly connected.
(d) (1) After the air brake system on a freight train is
charged to within 15 pounds of the setting of the feed valve on
the locomotive, but to not less than 60 pounds, as indicated by
an accurate gauge at rear end of train, and on a passenger train
when charged to not less than 70 pounds, and upon receiving the
signal to apply brakes for test, a 15-pound brake pipe service
reduction must be made in automatic brake operation, the brake
valve lapped, and the number of pounds of brake pipe leakage
per minute noted as indicated by brake pipe gauge, after which
76
brake pipe reduction must be increased to full service. Inspection
of the train brakes must be made to determine that angle cocks
are properly positioned, that the brakes are applied on each car,
that piston travel is correct, that brake rigging does not bind or
foul, and that all parts of the brake equipment are properly
secured. When this inspection has been completed, the release
signal must be given and brakes released and each brake in-
spected to see that all have released.
(2) When a passenger train is to be operated in electro-
pneumatic brake operation and after completion of test of brakes
as prescribed by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph the brake
system must be recharged to not less than 90 pounds air pressure,
and upon receiving the signal to apply brakes for test, a minimum
20 pound electropneumatic brake application must be made as
indicated by the brake cylinder gage. Inspection of the train
brakes must then be made to determine if brakes are applied on
each car. When this inspection has been completed, the release
signal must be given and brakes released and each brake inspected
to see that all have released. ---
(3) When the locomotive used to haul the train is provided
with means for maintaining brake pipe pressure at a constant level
during service application of the train brakes, this feature must
be cut out during train air brake tests.
(e) Brake pipe leakage must not exceed 5 pounds per minute.
(f) (1) At initial terminal piston travel of body-mounted brake
cylinders which is less than 7 inches or more than 9 inches must
be adjusted to nominally 7 inches.
(2) Minimum brake cylinder piston travél of truck-mounted
brake cylinders must be sufficient to provide proper brake shoe
clearance when brakes are released. Maximum piston travel must
not exceed 6 inches.
(3) Piston travel of brake cylinders on freight cars equipped
with other than standard single capacity brake, must be adjusted
as indicated on badge plate or stenciling on car located in a
conspicuous place near brake cylinder.
(g) When test of air brakes has been completed the engineman
and conductor must be advised that train is in proper condition
to proceed.
(h) During standing test, brakes must not be applied or
released until proper signal is given.
77
(i) (1) When train air brake system is tested from a yard
test plant, an engineer's brake valve or a suitable test device must
be used to provide increase and reduction of brake pipe air
pressure or electropneumatic brake application and release at the
same or a slower rate as with engineer's brake valve and yard
test plant must be connected to the end which will be nearest to
the hauling road locomotive.
(2) When yard test plant is used, the train air brake system
must be charged and tested as prescribed by paragraphs (c) to
(g) of this section inclusive, and when practicable should be kept
charged until road motive power is coupled to train, after which,
an automatic brake application and release test of air brakes on
rear car must be made. If train is to be operated in electro-
pneumatic brake operation, this test must also be made in electro-
pneumatic brake operation before proceeding.
(3) If after testing the brakes as prescribed in subparagraph
(2) of this paragraph the train is not kept charged until road
motive power is attached, the brakes must be tested as prescribed
by paragraph (d) (1) of this section and if train is to be operated
in electropneumatic brake operation as prescribed by paragraph
(d) (2) of this section.
(j) Before adjusting piston travel or working on brake rigging,
cutout cock in brake pipe branch must be closed and air reservoirs
must be drained. When cutout cocks are provided in brake
cylinder pipes, these cutout cocks only may be closed and air
reservoirs need not be drained.
§ 232.13 Rodd frcuin cind intermedicite termincil frcuin dir
brake fests.
(a) Passenger trains: Before motive power is detached or angle
cocks are closed on a passenger train operated in either automatic
or electropneumatic brake operation, except when closing angle
cocks for cutting off one or more cars from the rear end of train,
automatic air brake must be applied. After recoupling, brake
system must be recharged to required air pressure and before
proceeding and upon receipt of proper request or signal. applica-
tion and release tests of brakes on rear car must be made from
locomotive in automatic brake operation. If train is to be op-
erated in electropneumatic brake operation, this test must also be
made in electropneumatic brake operation before proceeding.
Inspector or trainman must determine if brakes on rear car of
train properly apply and release.
(b) Freight trains: Before motive power is detached or angle
cocks are closed on a freight train, brakes must be applied with
78 .
not less than a 20 pound brake pipe reduction. After recoupling
and angle cocks are opened, it must be known that brake pipe air
pressure is being properly restored as indicated by the caboose
gauge and that brakes on rear car are released. In the absence
of a caboose gauge, air brake test must be made as prescribed by
that portion of paragraph (a) of this section pertaining to auto-
matic brake operation.
(c) (1) At a point other than initial terminal where locomo-
tive or caboose is changed, or where one or more consecutive cars
are cut off from rear end or head end of train with consist other-
wise remaining intact, after train brake system is charged to
within 15 pounds of feed valve setting on locomotive but not less
than 60 pounds as indicated at rear of freight train, and on a pas-
senger train to at least 70 pounds, a 20-pound brake pipe reduc-
tion must be made and it must be determined that brakes on rear
car apply and release properly.
(2) Before proceeding it must be known that brake pipe
pressure as indicated at rear of freight train is being restored.
(3) On trains operating with electro-pneumatic brakes, with
brake system charged to not less than 70 pounds, test must be made
to determine that rear brakes apply and release properly from
a minimum 20 pounds electro-pneumatic brake application as in-
dicated by brake cylinder gauge.
(d) (1) At a point other than a terminal where one or more
cars are added to a train, and after the train brake system is
charged to not less than 60 pounds as indicated by a gauge at
the rear of freight train and on a passenger train to not less than
70 pounds, tests of air brakes must be made to determine that
brake pipe leakage does not exceed five (5) pounds per minute as
indicated in the brake pipe gauge after a 15 pound brake pipe
reduction. After the leakage test is completed, brake pipe reduc-
tion must be increased to full service, and it must be known that
the brakes on each of these cars and on the rear car of train apply
and release. Cars added to train which have not been inspected
in accordance with $ 232.12 (c) to (j) must be so inspected and
tested at next terminal where facilities are available for such
attention.
(2) (i) At a terminal where a solid block of cars which has
been previously charged and tested as prescribed by § 232.12
(a) to (h) is added to a train, test must be made to determine
that brakes on the rear car of train apply and release.
79
(ii) When cars which have not been previously charged
and tested as prescribed by § 232.12 (a) to (h) are added to a
train, such cars may either be given inspection and tests in ac-
cordance with $232.12 (a) (h), or tested as prescribed by sub-
paragraph (1) of this paragraph prior to departure in which case
these cars must be inspected and tested in accordance with
§ 232.12 (a) to (h) at next terminal.
(3) Before proceeding it must be known that the brake pipe
pressure at the rear of freight train is being restored.
(e) (1) Transfer train and yard train movements not exceed-
ing 20 miles, must have the air brake hose coupled between all
cars, and after the brake system is charged to not less than 60
pounds, a 15 pound service brake pipe reduction must be made to
determine that the brakes are applied on each car before releasing
and proceeding.
(2) Transfer train and yard train movement exceeding 20
miles must have brake inspection in accordance with $232.12
(a) to (h).
(f) The automatic air brake must not be depended upon to
hold a locomotive, cars or train, when standing on a grade, whether
locomotive is attached or detached from cars or train. When
required, a sufficient number of hand brakes must be applied
to hold train, before air brakes are released. When ready to
start, hand brakes must not be released until it is known that the
air brake system is properly charged.
§ 232.14 Inbound brake equipment inspection.
(a) At points where inspectors are employed to make a general
inspection of trains upon arrival at terminals, visual inspection
must be made of retaining valves and retaining valve pipes, re-
lease valves and rods, brake rigging, safety supports, hand brakes,
hose and position of angle cocks and make necessary repairs or
mark for repair tracks any cars to which yard repairs cannot be
promptly made.
(b) Freight trains arriving at terminals where facilities are
available and at which special instructions provide for immediate
brake inspection and repairs, shall be left with air brakes applied
by a service brake pipe reduction of 20 pounds so that inspectors
can obtain a proper check of the piston travel. Trainmen will
not close any angle cock or cut the locomotive off until the 20
80
pound service reduction has been made. Inspection of the brakes
and needed repairs should be made as soon thereafter as prac-
ticable.
§ 232.15 Double hedding cºnd helper service.
(a) When more than one locomotive is attached to a train,
the engineman of the leading locomotive shall operate the brakes.
On all other motive power units in the train the brake pipe cut-
out cock to the brake valve must be closed, the maximum main
reservoir pressure maintained and brake valve handles kept in the
prescribed position. In case it becomes necessary for the lead-
ing locomotive to give up control of the train short of the destina-
tion of the train, a test of the brakes must be made to see that the
brakes are operative from the automatic brake valve of the loco-
motive taking control of the train.
(b) The electro-pneumatic brake valve on all motive power
units other than that which is handling the train must be cut
out, handle of brake valve kept in the prescribed position, and
air compressors kept running if practicable.
§ 232.16 Running fests.
When motive power, engine crew or train crew has been
changed, angle cocks have been closed except for cutting off one
or more cars from the rear end of train or electro-pneumatic brake
circuit cables between power units and/or cars have been discon-
nected, running test of train air brakes on passenger train must be
made, as soon as speed of train permits, by use of automatic brake
if operating in automatic brake operation or by use of electro-
pneumatic brake if operating in electro-pneumatic brake opera-
tion. Steam or power must not be shut off unless required and
running test must be made by applying train air brakes with suf-
ficient force to ascertain whether or not brakes are operating
properly. If air brakes do not properly operate, train must be
stopped, cause of failure asecrtained and corrected and running
test repeated.
§ 232.17 Freight and passenger train car brakes.
(a) Testing and repairing brakes on cars while on shop or
repair tracks. (1) When a freight car having brake equipment
due for periodic attention is on shop or repair tracks where fa-
8]
cilities are available for making air brake repairs, brake equip-
ment must be given attention in accordance with the require-
ments of the currently effective AAR Code of Rules' for cars in
interchange.
(2) (i) When a freight car having brake equipment not due
for periodic attention as indicated by standard stenciling is on
shop or repair tracks, brake equipment must be tested by use of
single car testing device as prescribed by currently effective AAR
Code of Tests, providing such car has not been so tested within
the previous 90 days as indicated by stenciling. Piston travel
must be adjusted to nominally 7 inches on cars having standard
single capacity brake. Piston travel of brake cylinders on freight
cars equipped with other than standard single capacity brake,
must be adjusted as indicated on badge plate or stenciling on car
located in a conspicuous place near brake cylinder. After piston
travel has been adjusted and with brakes released, sufficient
brake shoe clearance must be provided.
(ii) When a car equipped for use in passenger train serv-
ice not due for periodical air brake repairs, as indicated by sten-
ciled or recorded cleaning dates, is on shop or repair tracks, brake
equipment must be tested by use of single car testing device as
prescribed by currently effective AAR Code of Tests." Piston
travel of brake cylinders must be adjusted if required, to the
standard travel for that type of brake cylinder. After piston travel
has been adjusted and with brakes released, sufficient brake shoe
clearance must be provided.
(iii) Before a car is released from a shop or repair track,
it must be known that brake pipe is securely clamped, angle cocks
in proper position with suitable clearance, valves, reservoirs and
cylinders tight on supports and supports securely attached to car.
(3) (i) If triple valve, control valves or brake cylinders on a
freight car do not meet requirements during single car test as
specified by the currently effective AAR Code of Tests," brake
equipment must be given attention specified by currently effective
AAR approved Code of Rules" for cars in interchange.
(ii) If, on passenger equipment cars, triple valves, control
valves, brake cylinders, slack adjusters, high speed reducing valves,
relay valves, quick service valves, vent valves, brake application
valves or conductors valves do not meet requirements during single
* Available at Association of American Railroads.
82
car test as prescribed by subparagraph (2) (ii) of this paragraph,
and if speed governor control, magnet valves, or wheel slide control
does not operate properly when tested by a suitable test device,
defective part or parts must be repaired or replaced and new
cleaning date must be stenciled or recorded as required.
(4) When cars are on shop or repair tracks hand brakes
and connections must be inspected, tested and necessary repairs
made to insure they are in a suitable condition for safe and effec-
tive operation.
(b) Periodical repairs. Brake equipment on cars must be
cleaned, repaired, lubricated and tested as often as required to
maintain it in a safe and suitable condition for service but not less
frequently than as required by currently effective AAR Code of
Rules" for cars in interchange.
§ 232.18 (Reserved).
§ 232.19 Air brakes tests on run-through and unit run-
through trains.
(a) For the purposes of this section—
(1) “Run-through train” means a train which passes from
one carrier to another carrier with no change in consist (includ-
ing locomotive) other than the addition or removal of a block
of one or more cars; and
(2) “Unit run-through train” means a run-through train op-
erated by more than one carrier on a continuous round-trip cycle
and consisting of assigned equipment.
(b) The carriers involved shall jointly notify the Federal Rail.
road Administrator in writing of run-through trains and unit run-
through trains operating over their tracks. The notice must
identify points of interchange and all other points where equip-
ment and air brake inspections are made.
(c) Each run-through train shall be inspected and tested as
prescribed by § 232.12(c)—(j)—
(1) Where the train is originally made up (initial terminal);
(2) Where train consist is changed other than by adding
or removing a solid block of cars and train brake system remains
charged; and
(3) At intermediate inspection points not more than 500
miles apart, subject to the requirements of paragraph (f) of this
section.
‘Available at Association of American Railroads.
83
(d) Each unit run-through train shall be inspected and tested
as prescribed by § 232.12(c)-(j)—
(1) Where the train is originally made up and where it
is reassembled after being broken up;
(2) Once during each round-trip cycle of less than 500 miles
at an inspection point designated in writing by the carriers in-
volved; and
(3) At intermediate inspection points not more than 500
miles apart, subject to the requirements of paragraph (f) of this
section.
(e) Each carrier that adds a block of one or more cars to a
run-through train or unit run-through train after the train is
originally made up, shall inspect and test the block as follows:
(1) In accordance with $232.12(c)-(j) at the point where
the block is added; or
(2) In accordance with $232.13(d) (1) at the point where
the block is added, and § 232.12(c)-(j) at the next point on its
line where the inspections and tests can be performed, but not
beyond a designated 500-mile inspection point.
(f) For the purpose of the intermediate inspections and tests
required by paragraphs (c)(3) and (d) (3) of this section—
(1) Piston travel of a body-mounted 10-inch brake must
not exceed 10 inches; and
(2) Piston travel on all other brakes—
(i) Must not exceed the nominal travel specified by more
than 2 inches; and
(ii) Must not exceed the maximum travel specified by
the badge plate or stencil on the car.
(g) The inspections and tests made under § 232.12(c)-(j) as
required by this section shall be performed by qualified carrier
personnel at locations where adequate repair facilities are avail.
able to maintain power brake systems in effective operating condi-
tion in conformity with this part. Defective cars shall be repaired
or removed from service at the point of inspection and testing.
(h) Each carrier shall record the inspections and tests made
under § 232.12(c)–(j) as required by this section at the time
they are performed by completing Form FRA F-6180–481 in
duplicate. This form shall be signed by the supervisor or other
* The Federal Railroad Administration will furnish specimen copies of
Form FRA F-6180–48, which is filed as part of the original document,
upon request. The reporting and/or recordkeeping requirements contained
herein have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget in
accordance with the Federal Reports Act of 1942.
84.
carrier employee responsible for the inspections and tests. One
copy of the form shall be kept in the cab of the locomotive until
the train arrives at its final terminal, and one copy shall be re-
tained for 3 months at the terminal where the inspections and tests
are made.
(i) At locations where the crew of one carrier takes over con-
trol and operation of a run-through train or unit run-through
train from the crew of another carrier, the receiving carrier shall
inspect and test the train to determine that—
(1) The cab of the locomotive contains a Form FRA F-6180–
48 completed as required by paragraph (h) of this section;
(2) Brake pipe leakage does not exceed 5 pounds per
minute; and
(3) Brakes apply and release on the rear car from a 20-
pound service brake pipe pressure reduction.
If the cab of the locomotive does not contain a completed Form
FRA F-6180–48, the train must be inspected and tested as
prescribed by § 232.12(c)-(j) before it proceeds.
85
Appendix
Specifications and Requirements for Power Brakes and
Applicances for Operating Power-Brake Systems
for Freight Service
PURPOSE
The purpose of this specification is to define and prescribe re-
quirements for power brakes and appliances for operating power-
brake systems.
DEFINITIONS
For purposes of this specification, terms used herein are defined
as follows:
1. Power brake. A combination of parts operated by com-
pressed air and controlled manually, pneumatically or electrically,
by means of which the motion of a car or locomotive is retarded
or arrested.
2. Power-brake system. The power brakes on locomotives and
cars of a train so interconnected that they can be operated together
and by means of which the motion of the train is retarded or
arrested.
3. Brake valve. The valve of the locomotive equipment by
means of which operation of the power-brake system is controlled.
4. Equalizing reservoir. The small reservoir connected to the
brake valve only, the pressure of which is reduced by the en-
gineer for making service applications.
5. Brake pipe. The line of pipe and hose extending through-
out the length of the train by means of which compressed air is
supplied to the brake devices on the several cars and the pressures
so controlled as to effect the application and release of the brakes.
6. Operating valve. Device on each car, the operation of
which result in: (a) Admission of air to brake cylinder, (b) re-
lease of air from brake cylinder, and (c) charging of one or more
reservoirs.
87
7. Service reduction. A decrease in brake-pipe pressure,
usually of from 5 to 25 pounds, at a rate sufficiently rapid to move
the operating valve to service position, but at a rate not rapid
enough to operate the valve to emergency position. Quick Service
is that feature of the operating valve which provides for local
reduction of brake-pipe pressure.
8. Service application. A brake application which results
from one or more service reductions.
9. Full service reduction. A service reduction sufficient in
amount to cause equalization of pressure in brake cylinder with
pressure in the reservoir from which compressed air is supplied to
brake cylinder.
10. Full service application. A brake application which re-
sults from one or more brake-pipe reductions sufficient in amount
to cause a full service reduction.
11. Emergency reduction. A depletion of brake-pipe pressure
at a rate sufficiently rapid to move the operating valve to emer-
gency position.
12. Emergency application. A brake application which re-
sults from an emergency reduction.
13. Emergency brake-cylinder pressure. The force per square
inch exerted upon piston in brake cylinder by compressed air
which is admitted to brake cylinder as a result of an emergency
reduction. Effective emergency brake-cylinder pressure is a pres-
sure not less than 15 percent nor more than 20 percent greater
than the brake-cylinder pressure obtained from a full service reduc-
tion on the same car and from the same initial pressures.
SPECIFICATIONS
General Requirements
14. The design of the operating valve shall be such as will
insure efficient and reliable operation, both in its application and
release functions and when intermingled with other types of power
brakes. It shall be so constructed that the rate of brake-cylinder
pressure development may be adjusted to meet such changes in
train operating conditions as may develop in the future.
15. The design of the service and emergency valves shall be
such as to permit their removal for cleaning and repair without
disturbing pipe joints. -
88
16. The portions of the car brake which control the brake
application and release, and also the brake cylinder, shall be ade-
quately protected against the entrance of foreign matter.
17. The apparatus conforming to the requirements of these
specifications shall be so constructed, installed and maintained
as to be safe and suitable for service.
Service Requirements
The apparatus shall be so designed and constructed that: (based
upon 70 pounds brake-pipe pressure and train length of 150 cars)
18. With a service reduction of 5 pounds in the equalizing
reservoir at the brake valve all brakes will apply.
19. An initial 5-pound equaliizng reservoir reduction at the
brake valve will produce substantially 10 pounds brake-cylinder
pressure throughout the train, including brakes having piston travel
in excess of 8 inches.
20. With an equalizing-reservoir reduction of 10 pounds, the
difference in time of obtaining substantially 10 pounds pressure
in the brake cylinder of the first and one hundred and fiftieth
brakes will be nominally 20 seconds or less.
21. A brake-pipe reduction of 10 pounds will result in pres-
sure in each brake cylinder of not less than 15 pounds nor more
than 25 pounds.
22. A total brake-pipe reduction of 25 pounds will result in
equalization of brake-cylinder pressure with pressure in the reser-
voir from which compressed air is supplied to the brake cylinder,
and brake-cylinder pressure of not less than 48 pounds nor more
than 52 pounds will be obtained.
23. Quick service activity of the train brakes will cease when
the initial quick service action has been completed.
24. The quick service feature of the brake will produce sub-
stantially uniform time of quick service transmission regardless
of the unavoidable variations in frictional resistance of the parts.
25. The brake will so function as to prevent a degree of wave
action in brake-pipe pressure sufficient to cause undesired release
of any brake while the brakes are being applied.
26. The degree of stability will be sufficient to prevent un-
desired service application occurring as a result of unavoidable
minor fluctuations of brake-pipe pressure.
89
27. The brake-cylinder pressure increase resulting from quick
service operations will be less when the brake is reapplied with
pressure retained in the brake cylinder than with applications
made when the brake-cylinder pressure is zero.
28. Undesired quick action will not result with any rate of
change in brake-pipe pressure which may occur during service
application or release of the brake.
29. In the normal release of train brakes, individual car brake
will not start recharging from the brake pipe until brake-pipe
pressure has increased sufficiently to have accomplished the re-
lease of adjacent valves.
30. The recharge of auxiliary reservoirs in the forward por-
tion of the train will be automatically retarded while full release
position of the brake valve is being used to initiate the release of
train brakes.
31. After a 15-pound service reduction has been made and
brake-valve exhaust has closed, in a release operation in which
brake valve is moved to release position and after 15 seconds
is moved to running position, all operating valves will move to
release position within 40 seconds after brake valve is placed in
release position.
32. After a 15-pound service reduction has been made and
brake-valve exhaust has closed, in a release operation in which
brake valve is moved to release position and after 15 seconds is
moved to running position, brake-pipe pressure at car 150 will be
increased 5 pounds within 1% minutes after brake valve is placed
in release position.
33. The rate of release of pressure from the brake cylinder
will be nominally 23 seconds from 50 pounds to 5 pounds.
Emergency Requirements
The apparatus shall be so designed and constructed that: (based
on 70 pounds brake-pipe pressure and train length of 150 cars)
34. Emergency application operation will always be available
irrespective of the existing state or stage or brake application or
release.
35. Emergency application initiated during a release of pre-
vious brake application will produce a material increase in brake-
cylinder pressure over that which would result from a full service
application made under the same conditions.
90
36. When operating valve acts in emergency it will so func-
tion as to develop nominally 15 pounds brake cylinder pressure
in not more than 1% seconds and maximum pressure in nominally
10 seconds.
37. With an emergency reduction of brake-pipe pressure all
brakes, including the one hundred and fiftieth, will start to apply
within 8.2 seconds and develop not less than 15 percent nor more
than 20 percent in excess of 50 pounds brake-cylinder pressure
within 18.2 seconds from the movement of the brake valve to
emergency position.
38. The operating valve will so function that, when an
emergency application is made subsequent to a service application
which has produced not less than 30 pounds brake-cylinder pres-
sure, the maximum brake-cylinder pressure will be attained in
nominally 4 seconds from the beginning of the emergency action
of the valve.
39. Emergency application will produce from a charged
system between 15 and 20 percent increase in brake cylinder pres-
sure over that which results from a full service application and
irrespective of any degree of prior service application.
40. With any group of three consecutive brakes cut out, an
emergency reduction made with the brake valve will cause the
remainder of the brakes to operate in emergency and produce nor-
mal emergency pressures in the same time as when all brakes are
cut in.
41. The brake will so function as to accomplish the release
of an emergency application with the same degree of certainty
secured in the release of service applications.
42. When releasing brakes following an emergency applica-
tion, each brake will so function as to decrease the auxiliary-reser-
voir pressure prior to the actual release.
43. Both service and emergency brake applications will be
released when the brake-pipe pressure is increased to not more
than 1% pounds above that of the auxiliary reservoir and irrespec-
tive of the increased frictional resistance to release movement of
the piston and slide valves after a period of operation in train
Service.
Note: Order 13528, as amended, 17 F.R. 8653, Sept 30, 1952, provides
as follows: That said order of September 21, 1945, as amended, be, and it
is hereby, further amended so as to require that all said non-interchange
cars that may be used in transporting revenue freight and all cabooses shall
be so equipped on or before December 31, 1953, and that all other said non-
interchang cars shall be so equipped on or before December 31, 1954.
9]
Order 13528 was further amended, 17 F.R. 8957, Oct. 7, 1952,
as follows: That the order heretofore entered herein on September
21, 1945, as amended, requiring respondents to install power
brakes and appliances on their cars used in freight service be, and
it is hereby, further amended so as not to require the installation
of such brakes and appliances on cars that are used exclusively in
switching operations and are not used in train movements within
the meaning of the Safety Appliance Acts (45 U. S. C., secs. 1 to
16, inclusive).
Order 13528 was further amended, 17 F.R. 10738, Nov. 26,
1952, as follows: That the order heretofore entered on September
21, 1945, as amended, requiring respondents to install power
brakes and appliances on their cars used in interchange freight
service on or before December 31, 1952, be, and it is hereby,
further amended so as–
To require that all such interchange cars be so equipped on or
before June 30, 1953, except as indicated hereinafter:
To prohibit the movement by any respondent after June 30,
1953, of any car in interchange service, other than tank cars (in-
cluding the cars of private carline companies), not so equipped
except that such cars may be so moved prior to October 1, 1953,
if routed to owner; and
To prohibit the movement by respondents after October 1, 1953,
of any tank car in interchange service (including the tank cars of
private car-line companies) not so equipped except that such tank
cars may be so moved prior to January 1, 1954, if routed to owner.
That the term “interchange service” means the movement of any
car that is engaged in freight service, irrespective of ownership,
that is interchanged between or among two or more respondent
railroads.
Order 13528 was further amended, 18 F. R. 6942, Nov. 3, 1953,
as follows: That the order heretofore entered herein on September
21, 1945, as amended, requiring respondents to install power
brakes and appliances on their cars used in freight service be,
and it is hereby, further amended so as not to require the in-
stallation of such brakes and appliances on
a. Locomotives;
b. Scale test weight cars;
c. Locomotive cranes, steam shovels, pile drivers and similar
construction and maintenance machines built prior to September
21, 1945;
92
d. Export, industrial, and other than railroad owned cars which
are not to be used in service by respondents, except for movement
as shipments on their own wheels to given destinations, provided
that any such car so moved shall be properly identified by a card
attached to each side of car, signed by shipper, stating that such
movement is being made under authority of this order; and
e. Industrial and other than railroad owned cars which are not
to be used in service by respondents except for movement within
the limits of a single switching district.
And, that the effective date of said order of September 21, 1945,
as amended, be, and it is hereby, extended until further order of
the FRA, insofar as it applies to:
f. Narrow-gauge cars, and
g. Cars being returned from Canada or Mexico to owners in
the United States, provided each such car being returned is routed
directly to owner and is properly identified by a card attached
to each side of car, signed by shipper, stating that the movement
is being made under authority of this order.
93
INDEX
Page
Power Brakes cºnd Drawbar Regulations
Air brake attention, periodical repairs (COT & S) (§ 232.17) --____ 75
Air brake, indate tests (§ 232.17) 75
Drawbars, standard height (§ 232.2) 65
Double heading and helper service (§ 232.15) 75
Effective air brakes (§ 232.11) 69
Freight and passenger train car brakes (§ 232.17, Appendix) ------ 75
General rules, locomotives (§ 232.10) 66
Inbound brake equipment inspection (§ 232.14) 74
Initial terminal road train air brake tests (§ 232.12) -------------- 70
Power brake and appliances for operating power-brake systems
(§ 232.3) 66
Power brakes, minimum percentage (§ 232.1) 65
Road train and intermediate terminal train air brake tests (§ 232.13) 72
Running tests (§ 232.16) 75
Run-through trains (§ 232.19) 77
Train air brake system tests (§ 232.11) 69
Transfer train and yard movements (§ 232.13(e)(1)) ------------- 74
Safety Applicance Acts
Appliances for operating train brake system (Sections 1, 9) -------- 1, 3
Application to common carriers (Section 16) 7
Assumption of risk by employees (Section 7) 3
Automatic couplers (Section 2) l
Drawbars, standard height (Section 5) 2
Defective equipment (Sections 13, 14) 6, 7
Driving-wheel brakes (Section 1) l
Duties, requirements and liabilities (Section 10) 4.
Enforcement (Section 15) 7
Failure to equip cars (Section 6) 2
Grab irons or handholds (Section 4) 2
Hand brakes (Section 11) 5
Liability for using car with defective equipment, except as specified
(Section 14) 7
Penalty (Sections 6, 13) 2, 6
Percentage of air brakes (Section 9, Note 2) 3
Power or train brakes (Section 9) 3
Provisions of certain sections extended (Section 8) –––––––––––––– 3
Refusal of insufficiently equipped cars (Section 3) }
Safety appliances designated (Section 12) 5
Safety appliances including hand brakes (Section 11) ------------ 5
Use of chains (Section 13) 6
95
Safety Appliance Standards
Page
Box and other house cars (§ 231.1) 9
Box and other house cars without roof hatches (does not include
cars with roofs 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of rail)
(§ 231.27)
Box and other house cars with roof hatches (§ 231.28) --__________ 62
Box and other house cars with roofs 16 feet 10 inches or more above
top of rail (§ 231.24) 52
Caboose cars with platforms (§ 231.10) 29
Caboose cars without platforms (§ 231.11) 33
Cars of special construction (§ 231.18) 46
Definition of “right or left” (§ 231.19) 46
Drop-end high-side gondola cars (§ 231.3) 17
Drop-end low-side gondola cars (§ 231.5) 20
Flat cars (§ 23.1.6) 2]
Fixed-end low-side gondola and low-side hopper cars (§ 231.4) ------ 18
Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends (§ 231.2) ------ 16
Locomotives, specifications common to all (§ 231.17) -------------- 44
Locomotives, in road service (§ 231.15) 40
Locomotives used in switching service (§ 231.30) ------------------ 64
Locomotives, in switching service (§ 231.16) 42
Locomotives in road service with corner stairways (§ 231.29) ––––––– 63
Passenger-train cars with wide vestibules (§ 232.12) -------------- 36
Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms (§ 231.13) ------------ 37
Passenger-train cars without end platforms (§ 231.14) ------------- 38
Passenger-train cars, unidirectional (§ 231.23) 50
Push cars (§ 231.26) 56
Tank cars with side platforms (§ 231.7) 22
Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with short side sills and
end platforms (§ 231.8) -à. 23
Tank cars without end sills (§ 231.9) 26
Tank cars without underframes (§ 231.21) 46
Track motor cars (self-propelled 4-wheel cars which can be removed
by men) (§ 231.25) 55
Variation in size permitted (§ 231.20) 46
Plates Plate
Box and other house cars C, D, T, U, V
Caboose cars – Q, R
Flat cars M
Gondola cars G, H, I, J, K, L
Hand brakes A
Hopper cars and high-side gondolas E, F
Switching steps A’, B'
Tank cars N, O, P, S
Uncoupling levers B
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Htº gººms sºme * +7-
| 'ºl GH | rax
*...*.dº- ->
<! | !
ſ
D . |-#
PR 2 ºr tº Aºt ºf ..º.º. £ couplºr 1 $o N
tº aº ;3–-- + -
§ - nº on \ i * C / OR (EQUIV.
>4 Z Yeº ºf ºil-----. S-L.




§
X
:
OOX & OTHER HOUSE CARS
(with Puarroºt Erto stus)
PLATE. O
Tº PLATſ. SºCº) ARRAN&MENT ºf &Ngºal,
POR O ZYA| \º $ 24. Tº XT.
for ceratus of Haruo anakº sº. Puarº A a rºar.
Fox ARAAMskrºnt or vºcovºung arrack-tºry
sax. Pu ATR." A "& Tºxt.
© Abortiorual stu. TEP TREAD, when Nzzoro, sex rºr.
a lºokizontal Erto RANortouds: whert 16 LErwºrk CANNot
BE APPLEO, 14-"LENGTH MAY ag. useo
ALL Boºts a Rivers | Pun. Dua.
bolts º'ola. MAY se useo roR woocan Traacs
which Art cºurtro into ariurs.
Au Rory or streu. LADoºr TREAos & Ranpºwduos
run bla.
Mirº cuzARAruce or ALL LApper TREAos &
wartoºkoulos z" Prerervaaux zł.
surrorſ ºf Text.
|
ſº
3.
i.
tºwaaaay rusº win. :-
, axe & Rºl Cº. Oſº ſº. I tº
... • * r **śrº-w






























|HOPPER CARS & HIGH-SIDE GONDOLA&
WITH FIXED ENDS
(cARA wirh evolò rior L THAN as "Asowt fuloor)
PLATE E
rhia Platºr shows ARRANGEMENT IN &ttitRAL,
foºt of TAIL& Cº. I r XT.
row paratus of HANo erakº. 6&C Puar E. A. & re. AY.
row ARRAN as fºr NT op UN covºt. Nº ATTACHMENT
&t Pu'art's & Tºxt.
© Abbºrhoº!AL 6tu- arºp rºad,wwari Nakproorg razºr,
**oºtzoºnal RNO HAnotto es:wºrn lar Lanarº carºtor
Gº APPuſſo, ºutflºrri Huay scuego.
ALL coºrs anrware rºleta.
boºſe bia-P1AY SE uego Poºr woobºx ran Ave
*kchi AºE GAMED INTo Gºrluſº
ALL Roº! on Grºzu. LApoºr rºsace attanoºtout a
Pººl CºA,
tººl #: º LAboºn Twº Abe a
0^^*6446 DC tº Pºtºſtºvºx tº
fact of eurrºr elock or trip dºu-, erºt rºyºr
|
tº NO UAOCºº Cl-CºAſt/ANC &
4°rtin.2”
V. J
utºp, &E TEXT.
:;
Wirt'ſ Cº. on
PREP[RADUY
45° Of PAct toº
*—S-L.º / sºon seur.






































APPLIANCE.
:
X
º
Y
o Aborrowalsuu. step rREAD, when NEEDED, see Texr.
a korurorºſau. Eno RArtoto ps: when to LENGTH CAN rºof
Be AP2'ugo, 14 LENGTH MAY BE useo.
ALu Boirs & Rivers k Min. on A.
eouts oia MAY ee useo for woooer rºzabs
which ARE GA, NEO NTo STILEs.
Au nor or steel LADorr Tre Aos a HAnokoups
§ Min. Dia.
MIN. cut:ARANCE of ALL LApoºr TREAos at
ruanokolos 2 PREFERAeuy zł.
#
:T-
!
.
•º
12"
|
+-out ER FACE of buzzer BLock or Eno sluu.., 5EE YExT.
%
W
3.
N
J
N-R
p:
º
CNO UAODER CLEARANCE.
i
J L
f
i
º
f
º
G
*
HH
<'s:
*:
#
; : º –2
§ 5 |-|z_ºrtºn.--
* : e
3 # snax-
$2'ai -
# 5 Y. !
p-
* Fir-r
sºvº”
| -3 tº Max:
- º
/
l,
-
H--— I —; +
Hºrvº. 4, w
|-J
H #
* {N # ;
T-- ſ +++.
u! . \ u! MAX.
HOPPER CARS & HIGH-SIDE GONDOLA5
WITH FIXED ENOS
(cans witH 51Des More THAN se Aeovº. Puloon.)
(with PLATForra Enc si Lus)
PLATE. F.
This PLATE shows ARRANGEMENT in ºf NºrAL,
FOR OETAl U S $ 2. TEXT.
For of TALs of RAND BAARE ses. Pu Are 'A' as 7 tºr.
FOR ARRANGEMENT or uncoupling arracºrtery
& Cº. Pu AYE S. & TEXT.
suppoa, see Taxy.
|
used, 5tz Tuxr.
24 MIN.
i-ion cquiv.
!
i
(...º.º.
i-ion equiv |
|















T-P- —r— º I 1–
? | ?: i i º (D |
3 || 3 | g r |
APPLIAN Cº. # # : 3 : ! 3
ai º | x : I
# #| | | # | ; DROP-END HIGH-SIDE GONDO1,A CARS
tº T | x i- ! Ł t (cAR & wir H sides t-loſt ETHAN 36" above: P. Loor)
- T 1- PLATE G
t
; : THIS PLATE éHowe ARRANGEMENt (N at NERAL,
tº gº * * tº- — Foºt DETAlue, 6&E TEXT.
For tº Eravus cy RANo errake ear Puarº 2" e. Yazy.
FOR AR RAN q=rient of uncourvive: ATTA cº-itº ENT
© Appiric Nau sil-L STEP rREAt ,whitru NEEoto, eEETEXT. ſ
&r E PLAYE tº a reºxy.
* Horizon TAL END HANDHoudě:wº LN 16” LENGTH ca, NNOT
BEAPPLIEO,145 LENGTH MAY et uSED.
ALL tours a rivere run bia.
bours joia.Haw eg Jste for wooden treaps
whº crº Art GAINED INTo 6T1 UE5.
*
sº
|-- face of suffer eulock or ENc Si, u, sa E. rex.r.
|
ALL iſºton OR STEEL LADDER TREAb& G. HAN D HOLD& l - &
frusiovº. l | T;
rºl NIPAuſº Cºl SARANC[. ********* * A Ade - | I | 2
*ANoHoups z" Preveraeux zł. --tºº---H- ſº. No LADOE.W. Cº-EARANCE - *–13
| | | J |3:
to | 2. 3 | t
>, ; 1 [...] º Y. 3.
l A. Q tal
Lll- I | | ID TV L!:
UEEUS ; :
4”
!-1ſ
N:
#
4"?-11N, CLEARANC[E
vſ. f=\)
"S-- F.
-- + - | A
††
+.
I6'ſ 1
AX
*
+i
** {
{ p- | £couple:R
&log of cARHAx4"|N&ibº or race of sibe of ºn cou?LER | | ||
g
-E={-iHE:H+=::=fij :=
/. EITſ; Titºrſ:- it i:- º tº W = - -TiE------F— ! I-...-:
{-i\on radiº t \w §º on touiv.
i. \ Y / | w
*l * & cro- or salu :-l-‘ º
+.
P.
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Hi-
§
APPLIANCE.
>
4
&|
OROP-END Hiein-SIDE GONDOLA CARs
(CAR5 with slots rºofre. TKArt 56 ABove. Fuloor.)
(witH Pulaſ Porri Erto slu-u_s)
PLATE. H.
|
:
g
à || |3
wn X
à -
# || || 3:
O X
© Aooltiorual- stuu 3rt:P TREAD, when turroep, 5EE Text. for of TAILs or RAND brake see PLAre 'a'a, Text
• wouzontal eno HArvonolos: when le Lerwºrk cannot for ARRANGEMENT or uncoupura ATTACRMENT
ae. Appuzo, 14 LENGTH ray ea useo. SEE PLATE TEY &-TEXT.
ourer Pace of Buffer Block or ERD siu, Sze Text — He-
This PLATE shows ARRANGEMENT in GertzRAL,
(FOR OETAlu-3 SEE TEXT.
§
AL. Boºts a rivers # Min. oa.
sours $oua. Max ee useo roR wooden TREAps
which ARE. cºarted into stiles.
. Au l- iſtort of Srtºu. LADDER TREADS B, MAN Otto D5
Miri. Oya.
Pll MIP-1 UM cul-Aſ&ArtCE, or Au. UAOCE’R TREAD3 &
RANoHolos, 2 PREFERAe-Y zł.
tº ND \-ACDER CLEARANCE-
TGN.
#– | Hº!
r
•º
f
&
kº MAX. is Max,
*gº. U - &=====º
- PR Puush with as ort
side of car. Max. 4 inside of Face or slöEöFºRTU
Hi-Fi F 5-H) ifi- -Hº-
hat{ T MAR (.. for equiv i
*NEGUIV. - - tº it. |V.
- | iſ - \- + / 2Top of Rav N. | _/ - i
:
T|
G
ſ
-*-
--
E-
irº.
;
-
i;
—F;--
t
Nº.
H:
if*A
º:
sº
X'_g=>CEF
&
COs:
UPLZR
§
-
º
|-
i




A PPLIANCE
FIXED-END LOW-SIDE GONDOLA 8:
LOW-SIDE HOPPER CARS
(caſts wir-i Sipt:5 se” or LE.65 Above. Ploor)
• PLATE I
I-
i
ed
2
o
w)
Z
tal
E
C)
:
i
|
º
i
i
º tº *
TH15 ſºlare shows ARRANGEMENT IN GENERAL,
FOR DETAIL& 6EE TEXT.
For of Tails of HAND BRAKE &EE PLATE7A & TEx7.
for ARRANGEMENT or uncoupl_ING ATTACHMENT
SEE PLArt:"aſ & TEXT.
© ASDIT I on AL still sºr EP TREAD,w}{EN NEttoº p, SEE T ExT.
* HoRizo NTAL END HANO Houps: wºº EN 16" LatrusTH CANNOT
et APPLIED, 14. Lt NGTH MAY be useC. -
a 1ſ CAR const Rudrion wil-L PERHIT, SEE TExy.
º - -i
all Bourse. Rivers ; run. Dia. -- + | g r #
A-L I R ON OR sor E tº L. H. A. N. C. HOU. O & # h4t N. Cºl A. Y wº F–H– out ER Face of suffen eLock or END SILL, stE Text. – E :
Hinriut" clearance of ALu HaNoroups |- O | (i)2S 3 :
2. PREFERABLY 2#. 3. à L- N *:
ar Y O
tº o T H U
x
: 3+2+ END LADDER CLEARANCE 2*-ºs-D U
§ 3 || || I |# 3
2 à o -4 *FG G+- $ O 60
Y. an tal §
3 : | | Ü) [...] | |3:
tºl k. º -1– | lm.
to h. T [ - º I f : 3
o 5 U ºf
ū ā 3 :
: 5 4: MIN. H. #
o: V &
tº - K ºf
3 & * <
* { : #
§ { || ---HT ; :
4 * 6 . 24 I TExT.
* I : &thin, j = 0:
T * & G+: º 9 ºn UGED, SEE TEx7.
O wº *I -1
ul s' 3. 5
; : — I — - & 8 EQUIV.
& 5 sº |evax. º
º =1 MIN. -2
• I - - - - - - - - - - -, . :-------------> --> <! 2 *.
+ 1
#Ti —É
PR EF ERA BLY Fu. US - WITH & ON #: |-D
SWDE of cArt.N.4Ax4ſ inside of FACE of 51 of of cAR t coupler / # | £couple R
H.--& II F:FFE-F# | t-: +. i I. ht*
–E– * I : I -
• fº, sº *- - - ; : j— -----|---— ...— ... i. 9-. | fºLAX-
# * : os Equiv. * j} i * º / of E.G.U.N.
| | | Toº or WAIL N. g a
- X-0 t - ſº I -









APPLIANCE- FIXED-END LOW-SIDE GONDou A &
|
..]
%
| LOW-SIDE HOPPER CARS.
...} t| - (cAR5 with sides 36 or Less Aeove. Floor.)
(with PLATForM zno syl-Ls)
PLATE. J
:
|
n
§ X.
- ro
; E
X 3.
d X.
This PLATE shows ARRANGEMENT IN General-,
FOR OETA, L5 SEE TEXT. * -
FOR DETAILS of HAND BRAKE 5: E PLATE. A. & Tºxºſ.
For ARRANGEMENT or uridou Purcă ATTAcri Meror
sºr. Pulaſ E. a. a. Text.
© AoolTion AL silu STEP TREAD, when NEEcco, see Text.
* Horizontal. Erio RANDHoups: when 16 LErºith cannor
eg. APPLIED, 14 LENGTH MAY BE uszo.
427 (F CAR CON5TRUCTION WILL PERM IT-5EE TEXT.
AUL eours a Riverts X. Mirº. oia. . .
ALL Rors or steel. HANDrouos ºr 111- DA.
fººt NIMUM CUP ARANCE OF ALL HAJN Drºok Os
2. PREFERAeLY 2%.
—(£
5
3) -
T
--
:
END LADDER cult. ARAt{ce.
12
H
- |
;
Fox support, sº E. T.ExT.
- WHEN USED SEE T Ex7.
MAX. /
;:
i
" * *-
-->
|-3|
- -— I
of Equiv. &MAX
--> *
ºf H
z
.#
Q
}
I
- WWTH & CN
MAX.4 Nº.1 CE. OF FACE OF
lim------|| ||—||
|HF -Hy tº
| li 's- Ll ,-Top of RAIL Sl
t; wr n
PLER Yi
4.
O
r
CO
U
# or zquiv.
*—. - - (
#–H \


















APPLUANCE
i
2
9
w)
2
lal
E.
£)
:
.
C. Appirion AL 61ulu. STEP TREAC,w}{EN NEEC Eo,SEE TExºr.
3% Horizontal. EºN p HAND Hou Do:WHEN 16"LENGTH CAN"NCT
BEAPPLIEp,14: LENGTH tº AY ag us to.
4: 1F CAR construction wilt. PERF11T, & EE T Ex 7.
Alu eouts e. Rivers ºr usicia.
ALL Roº, castEEL HANoHolos; Pºin.ola.
Puntºur cleaf stuce of ALL HANChc Lºs
2* PREFERAei-Y e.g.
e
D
º
—I-
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i
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*-* * *
;
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|
tº N C LADC E R CL-E. A RAN C. t.
"T-
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#_{#ſº
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|
t
G G -- F-
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Wºº-º-º-º: E::=r." A || || || Wºº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: z
--—É
i
PREFERABLYTFUUSH WITH & Cº.
515E OF CANR,R-1Ax4: INstoe of Face of &pe of car
r-,-4 lil-----------ſili.E.
{sºon cº H= H.
o
t
ſt
–4
& couple:R
& coupl_ER
\!
DROP-END LCVW-SIDE CONDOLA CARS
(cAR 5 witH stors a e" of LE&S as overloo R)
PLATE K
rººts Puart shows AP RANGEr-terur N G :NERAL,
FOR c E.TAILS SEE T = x. T.
rC R DETALC, or HA two BRAKE 6tt Pu-AT C A & T ExT.
Fort an Raric, ºr 1: NY cº UN court., pug A.T. Tact-tº-1 & ºut
3.tt pua," E.'s Cc rºxy.
* M:N. c-EARANCE
g
* /





—I.
I, CI *
T-
cº-º- ſº---→l
to
!
OROP-END LOYY-51DE GONDOLA CARs
(CARs wiſh sibrs 3& OR LESS Aeove. Floor)
(WITH PLATFoRM ERD syl-Ls)
[...]
PLATE. L.
This PLATE shows Arranqenterur in GENERAL,
APſºu.},\tº CE.
f
|
| L
i
l§
wn
Z
o
wn
à
X.
d
;
:
For OETAlu-5 5EE TEXT.
2
- --~
O
O ADDITIONAL Slu-u. 5TEP TREAD, YYHºt NCCDF.C, GEE T&N.T. )
C
º
* *A roR DETAIL5 of RAND BRAKE ste PLATE N 3, Texr.
ſº f - - :\f - FCR ARRANGEMENT or uncoupuric, ATTACHMENT
* * * * STW-: S--(5, .56: E. PLATE. 13, 8: TDZXT,
% HORICONTAL ENO HAND}{O_05 : WHLN 16 LENGTH. C.??!NOT 2A | S-
BE, APPL\to 14 -ENGTH MAY eſ: U.S.O. - - & ; :
£2 F CAR CONSTRUCT loſ: YY) {.L. P-RM tº - 5.7. T EXl. º ** sºul. SEE TEXT —-4---| | §
Aull ecurs 2, Rivers W. M. N. D'A. º; |--|-- ou're R fact of' bºyfrt.R. 31-cºchº or ENO slui, , 55. | ſl.
ALL Ron or steel. Aftero-os “à M. N. C. a. S ! 3
M NI fºurt CLEARAN:25. O, ALV- ) 1A5 C° to LC 5 z Tſ) ſ]-T IS
2. PREFERABUY 2%. !- i ſ | i £
3. | | | | | | ≤
* †-18' ENO LAODER CL.F.ARANCE- -—-H+. -12. T-
3 ::: , ; les- 'S cl
§ Vº § yº. 4| .* | Ž s
2 9 Ü [d ſ Jy Ö | v) (
##| | # TKºſº!!} f_l 3 ;
L SJ ſ > t.
§ 3 - Try- U--- S-22 || 3 ||
§ ! () :
O § i § -
- X: | a •
Čá § 2. , -
O § º 4:41N - T. *** ****
§ N. | - o ić -ºr-> \,
3 : h! : S----it----"
-> }
Al | X: .
al (0 rº- is .
T ##| T. 5 i ,
i wn - *
- - t • q
D |-il # à,
t. Sº I sº | : } wi
- “HG [3-4* Re- #% | | | |----> I —ſ-- !---— I —- § - His [3
& - - -
I. -º k-amax. | | ar"Ax- 2. . i • ' º
- - I * : 2-13 MAX. 16 MAXN
| 6 MAX.. 1é MAX.S. --- -) -3 0.
-º-º-º- 1 --> of ſº- ox<!----i---- i —# w =ºf ~\ #— # TD) * - - - - * * * * - - -§
§---------, -- - Š-------------- ATU * 2: : W. --D- ` g-Uſ | ſº • - - - - - * * t LV Iſ ſ -
S-ºf- - i’ D-> 2. X. Nº OR [...] | | | º
to PRErERAely Ftusri witH as on ©or coopera". | ? 'o) 'd) ! * toF cocº-ER t -
side of CAR, MAX.4, it's DE of FAct of SIDE OF CAR ) | - #| d d lih—— * = sºme “” ” | -—ſ
| ſ=– sº- - - º - | #——º: º a tº ! ! : !: º -
I | W . | ;I, º º f —-H ſtia- Ó - tº- | -----———iſ •—U
, - . ," | il–––.--—— | H tal uſ **i; OR Equiv. ' : º
#-1} or LQUIV. | ,- t : - | t | |
t i | |_2: 2-Top of RAIL * * *—5 !
§ V w

X
sº
3.
×
<
>.
e Aborional-sill step TREAD, when Reeper, see Text.
* Horizontal Eno RANDroups: when le LENGTH carror
BE (APPLIED, 14 LERcnt MAY BE USED.
ALL Bours a Rivers ż, M. R. Dia.
ALL IRort of steen. HANorto D55 Mtn. DuA.
Murunurt clearanca or ALL RANortolos
2 PrePERAPY 2%.
:
T
H=
H-:
—l
T
%
º
o
WS.
5
§
))
ourER FAct of EUPPER Buock of END 51LL, SEETEXT.---
,
—'Iz' -brtſ LAODER CLEARANCE. 24– *H
. 6- 'o
3 / n
| ~A |
[...] /*\ }\ CD
! I é. Ł
<ain-
i
–
wn
O
z
ul
tº:
O
Y
*J
O
-]
60
6:
til
*.
th.
>
º
5
:
«
z
º:
O
r
É
FLAT CAR5
CoARs with slots 12 or Less Above. Puoon
MAY BE Equipped 5AME AS PLAT cars)
PLATE. NA
This PLATE swows ARRANGEMEror Irv GENERAL,
FOR OETAlu S SEPſ. TEXT. * - e.
For OETAll_S OF HAND BRAKE SEE PLATEL A. & TEXT.
for ARRANGEMENT or uncoupurić; ATTACHP4ENT
ser. Pu ATE-Te'a, YExT.
G-- º º 's }
-$H=}>or r- on-Hi-
| &y.-----------º —-f - º----------…} +5 {j #
i_{a_2xcrerABLY Flush witH B or side of cAR_. - & º s
KAx:4'inside of Face or sloe or car. Y | | |
( Iſ | |I-———— --- ——ſ. | II; &of coup, ER - J iſ º º i.
#-iſſon ław." * * * * * * | - ul yº- COUPLER | | H
| i l | iſ
w
t;
w
w





APPLIANCE.
:
TANK-CARS WITH SIDE-PLAY FORMS
PLATE. N.
Y.
->
3.
×
<ſ
X.
This PLATE shows ARRANGEMENT in Gene RAU,
FOR Dt.TA L5 5E5. TEXT. * , ºs
FoR OETA, LS or HAND BRAKE 5te. PLATE. A. & TEXT.
for ARRANGEMENT of uncoupunch ArTAcrºMENT
sEE PLATE." es’ & TEXT.
© ADD17 or AL silu STEP TRCAO, whert NEEDED, 5E. E. Texr.
a Horizon TAu Eno rvanohouos: when le LENGTH car(Nor
52 A*LIED, 14 LENGTH MAY et use.o. ouTER PAct of supprºx BuccK OR ERD sluu-, 5EE TEXT.
ALL Pours a Rivers ż MIN, DIA. .
ALu Rort of 5TEEL RArkonolos ºg Mirº. D1A.
MIN. CLEARANCE of ALL HANDHou.D5 2."
Preferaeux 2%.
#
eRAKE MAY be or ANY
OESIGN- SEE
& Cº. ºOº. O’
intºloz of PACE OF 51DE of
|T T}|| || || “.
+-ºil HH
—l
\
COUPLER’ſ.
4. ºo: Equiv.
/
) { ...!
\ })
tal |
Sl _/ z Tºº of RAll- \ \-
|


















© Aporrioral aut- arrº Trzec,wºrn Ngcºco, as a rºx:
© ºtoºlzorry Au CNo MArcottoudervatºr ºf LENGTH GArtºtoº
Gº APPuºpºlº LENGTH MAY & UCLo,
All socre a wrvºrs ºrw.ova.
ALL lºoºl of ºr ELL LADO LR Tº AD& & MAMººººººº.
frº.ow-
rtinirvur" cur. ARAtºck of Ayu. LAboºn rºta Ace e.
waxonoles a "wºrskasºv sº.
|
|
TANK CARS WITHOUT Sºº-SILL&
&TANK CARS VVITH SHORT &IDE-641. Lô.
& END-PLATFORMS.
PLATE O
Trºus Pi—Art & towe AJºraptºp ºr ºf GºtzRAL,
for bºrail-6 acº Tºr.
row pºrau La or tº Areo ºaks: sect ºvars. X & Tºxt.
for Arranqi.rººt.ºr of urºcouºurº Arracºrts fºr
egg Pu Arººſ & Tºxr.
|
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AP Pult A N C &
:
|
TANK CARS VITHOUT END-S-LLS
PLATE P
-
*
3 || 3
co
Q | <
wn or
Z u!
uu *
* | url
4. S.
O 1 a
S.
*-* A *w to tº c U c 3
:
rt-lis PUATE shows Aºnariat.rve. NT IN quºte:w Au-,
FOf DETAt t_S Stº. Gº TE XT.
Foº ctral LS or HAND BRAKE SEE Pular º X & Trº XT.
roR ARRANG eLt-te-fºr of uncouru. NG ATTActºrtiºry
& E. E. 5-LAT Lºſ & TºxW.
Fº
© a D D, riot. Au Su U S v EP " - e o u, v - tº * * r of O. St. L re. A r
• -ºo ºr 12 onwy a - E. No - A No-touc S v - r tº to utrº G Y - car rºot
Bt. A "Pulito, 14 L tº Gr- tº Av Be- us lic.
_ſ
s
II - - - - -
our tº fact of Burf ss eulock oa trio stuu, see T Ex r
al- eours a Rivere grain cla .. ; H t
*Lu not on stee - HANDrouos ºr ova. | 1. • * = t
fºur ºut 4 cult. A RANCE OF Aulu- HAN or tou-C's 2" 1 ºf -. --, 1
•R = r < * ~euv 2% #
t
.
e-Hi! Z tº ND L ADDER CLE AWAN C E — — — - 12"—
& N. ºw
| ^, 2 .
§ ===G=# *f; ;
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* | YA Af
* * *- - - - - - * * * * ** — —
! 2"?-1Ax: |-
4°r 11 N. cu.EARANCE
AROUND 85’AM{E \ºv H E & 1-
HANO ºr Akº Play BC
Effºctºr
pºstgru,ott retxºr.
7*r-11 N.
|
SEE r ExT
COUPLER
tº on tºur- - vi laj +
*
I *
$ºon souv.
2 roº or Ratu.







§
&
r
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{
&
cAeoost. CARs WITH PLATFORMS
PLATE Q.
|
Th; 15 p.uarº storts ARRAJ&G EPA ENT if GºxºMº,
Poºt cººr Auu-3 sºlº Tºxºſ.
roº ow.rauus or rano enake see Puare A & Taxy.
poºr ARRAregºn Erty or urucoupur-G ATTACHMENT
str Puarº. tº º Tex".
a rºorizorrau. Eno ruºr Orvoups wren we UEnv3.nº CANNOT
the APrugo, 14, Lºnvent ºvay be use D.
All souts as Rivers ºr D.A -.
Au Ror on steel rººrºoroº os lººr. Oua.
Pºit Pº. cLEARArcº. of al- rvaruo touces a "
gºtº PEAAE-A-Y.
:
Yo ſº. PA-Actºº on ºn O of CAR
5ut TABLE LOCAT I Oft. 5 CE. T.E. KT.
[][]
ŁAcoex to ee rºaced on Eno or car
in ARY sonaer Yocation-sex text.
-














I
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scarºv.º.b.wik" ar- rvax sº us ro
sies ooos art” so-vs. ſ.r.º. pºa
at . ºry tº ſº. R Leo its tº a v i r 6 irº. o, A.
soºrs ſo a raw as “seo ron veoak- vºtees
vºicrº AA & & Aurº to 1:47 o 6: “... 3
A v. L. troºt on 87 tº tu v. Ado tº rºta o 2 & “An o'culo 5
ſº Q44* .
***rs ura & L r A *A*ct of At v v. A 35 tº it 7 R Rao & 3.
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rºt Tau-
roof
ract tº dº ſº. " ft ºr
oA ºrwo sult. 6 & c.
tº
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CADOOSE CARS WITHOUT PLATFORMS
PLATE R
rºtis PLAYt. Altows ARRAN&tratºr in GEM &^A'-.
roR toº rail-3, St.L. v. C. ×Y.
ow or rail-o or Hart ºf Ax tº 8 cº. Pu AT L X & T & a T.
roa Annawatt-ıtºwy or urºcoupung AT ractºrictºr
&c. Pu Art b & T ExT.
A"rºar -l K
on Surºos Cocº rºtar
Sº o.5 g tº Y L. A. Y.
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PREFERABLY FLUSH WITH AND ON SIDE OF CAR,
| PREFERABLY FLUSH WITH AND ON SIDE OF CAR
MAX. 4" INSIDE OF FACE SIDE OF CAR MAX.
-—t
4'' INSIDE OF FACE SIDE OF cAR–
A END TOP OF RAIL B END
#Tº Tºp- Tº s. =rſſ Th— ºf C- T ANK CARS WITHOUT UNDERFRAMES
> **** -II—II-
% a; | | || º |
3 | < || 3: sºsºm. cº- !-4 P LATE S
A P P L |AN CE # #| #| # H *
lº-
w; nº | > | = ..I G × THIS PLATE SHowS ARRANGEMENT IN G ENERAL,
2 : tº º || 2:
as a : F. Ş º s FOR DE TAILS SEE T E XT.
e sº * - tº
Slut. STEP (LENGTH OF TREAD) D | 12" | – || 1 O" l tol, S → 77 . * r; FOR DET AI L S OF HAN D BRAKE SEE PLATE A, 8A TEXT.
t 4- gº
tº • (HEIGHT ABOVE RAI L) E | 22" | 24" | – ! : MIN, * . FOR ARRANGEMENT OF UNCOUPL ING AT TACH MENT
LADDERS 8. HAND HOLDS (CLEARANCE) G |2'h' | – || 2" . > g g SEE PLATE * B A NO TE XT.
* z
HOR. SIDE 6 END HANDHOLDS (LENGTH) | I | 24" | – || || 6’ ſº : t; 2T)
t t tº sºil -
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FOR OPERATING PLAT FORM,
SAFETY RAILINGS 8A L ADDER I
| SEE T EXT .
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36"MIN. - = ... → 54" MA
54"MAX. s: $; : X.
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APPLIAN CE à | f | = | #
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3 || 3 || 3 || =
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SI L L S T E P ( LENGTH OF TREAD ) O | 12"| – || |O"
|- 1 ſ Heighi Above Rail) E_|_22"| 2 4"| -
LADOE RS & HANDHOLDS (CLEARANCE) G |2%" 2*
Hº-
HOR. SIDE 8, END HANDHOLDS (L ENG TH) I | 24"| – | 16"
NO RUNNING BOARO
SHALL COI N CUOE º.º. 6M iſ 1
vº I TH TOP $1 O. H. Aſ OMOLO
EXCESS HEIGHT CAR
:
+ ºx!
B O X AND OTHER HO USE CARS WITH ROOFS 16 FEET
| O | NCHES OR MO RE ABOVE TOP OF RAIL
PLATE T
THIS PLATE SHows ARRANGEMENT IN GENERAL, FoR D B TAILs see TExT
For ARRANGEMENT of UN coupling AT TACHMENT SEE PLATE 'B' a TExt
FOR ST ENCIL!NG DET ALL S SEE TEXT
|
—1–
NO RUNNING BOARD EXCESS HEIGHT CAR
3HALL CO!?! ClOE IN H E IQ HT
t WITH TOP 8 JD E H AND HOL D
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33-ºk. *N « - w g; —24: Max.-- 6O" Max.
*º 4" 4." N º le Min. E- s: O †—
– MAX. MAY. L” g: \ | MAX. T
MINIMUM • o - + . £: º MUM • I º Gk
+G º- 8"Max. I *A*or equiv Gº MAX | E- 0"Tºx. */s a 1% or equiv. g" ſ AX. &
—s 10"
! [] } [] | ſl [T] r_{_ E. MIN. ºn. # ſil ſ] + [] |ſ
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(MAX. MAX. Max! ||. º MAX. MAX.
| 8."
2. | •º. I'k" Mºſſ. D h', 'h'." Sãº. ..."
'#'s 1%. 2"; PREFERADLY FUUSH WITH AND ON S1D E OF CAR r eeulw º f tº PREFERAeuy Flush witH A No on 8 og of can, :Nikºs I'
or cººkw. H waxºnside or race side or can "" equ He wax- or equiv MAX.4" INSIDE OF F A&E SIDE or cAR *— or 0 quiv.
| — E | H
t
"A" | END TOP OF RAIL "B" | END


B O X AND OTHER HOUSE CARS
>
Ú) ~!
à || 3 | #| = WITHOUT R O OF HAT CHES
: | dº | B | : (DOES NOT INCLUDE CARS WITH ROOFS (6 FEET | O
APPLIAN C E 2 H. : # 1 NCHES OF MORE ABOVE TOP OF RAIL).
\al ūl 2
# | 3 | #| # PLATE U
B RAK E SH A F T A | – || 2 2"| || 7" THIS PLATE SHowS At RANGEMENT IN GENERAL, FOR DETAILS
sº º SEE T EXT
SIL L S T E PS (LENGTH OF TREAD) O | 12" | – || || 0 FOR ARRANGEMENT F UN COUPLING AT T A C H MENT SEE
º tº (HE1GHT AB O V E RAIL) E 22" | 24"|| – PLATE 'B' AND TEXT.
LADoers a HANDHolos (CLEARENCE) | g |2%"| – || 2"
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# Hsoºn—f soºn # £4 -I. H # # Hº :r # 3O'MIN wº &
--G º UTP, NFATCTUI == Hi– = b $n --~~ET - G - g [] w | TUT :
H --—l Z ** f N •—i–H +–1– E E -i-, * * *—i–F–F
(3) METAL BRAces ####5% ºf *: « (3) MET Ak BRACES END PLAT FOR M TO BE x
3/8 & 'h" or equiv. ENTERED ON END OF CAR |- = | - 3/8"x ſº Of 6 ºutw. CENTE RED ON END OF cº- #
*- Ts -
f Qu B"MIN. 8"MN. & §
h: , º/ PREFERABLY FLUSH WITH AND ON S1D E OF CAR | l D |- P REFERABLY F LUSH WITH AND ON S1D E OF CAR ſº |2"
equiv. - *— sº 18 MAX | flu SID E OF CA - iw,
or 8 quiv | reº IM 8 |OE OF FA C E S I DE OF CAR swax MAX. 4" | NSIDE OF FA C E SIDE OF CAR or equiv
u! Ll
11. It * - ||
A END 7 | TOP OF R All- | B END
6" MIN. FOR CARS WITH CUSHIONING DEVICE HAVING 6" OR MORE
TRAVEL WITH DEVICE CLOSED - FULL BUFF
12'' MIN. FOR CARS 'WITH CONVENTIONAL DRAFT GEARS OR
CIJSHIONING DEVICES HAVING LESS THAN 6" TRAVEL



"yºt
vaſſ"
£ | .
AWPP Ll AN CE # #| # #
# | | | 3 ;
a a 2
BRAKE SHAFT A | – || 22"| 1.7"
RUNNING B OAR D (W I O TH) B | 20" | – | 18."
nº " –(CLEARANCE) C | - 6"
SIL L STEPS (LENGTH OF TREAD) D | | 2" | – 10"
st * (HEIGHT ABOVE RAIL) E 22"| 24"|—
LADDERS (SPACING FROM RO OF) F | – || || 6’| ºf
tº 8 H AND HOLDS (CLEARANCE) G | 2%" | – || 2"
Roof HANDHOUDS (FRom EDGE OF Roof) | H |—|| || 5 || 8"
% ...] #" or equiv. !
CAR
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: –30 MIN.—ek-3Cſ MIN. :
(3) METAL BRACES END flºor TO BE
CENTERED ON END OF
||
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PREFERARLY FLUSH WITH AND ON SIDE OF CAR, i
MAX. 4'' INSIDE OF fact SIDE OF CAR
'A END
4–
6" MIN.
12'' MIN.
TrAVEI.
TOP OF RAIL
lº ITH DEVICE CLOSED - FULL BUFF
FOR CARS WITH CONVENTIONAL DRAFT GEARS OR
CUSIHI() NING DF.VICE HAVING LESS THAN 6'' TRAVEL
FOR CARS WITH CUSHIONING DEVICE HAVING 6" OR MORE
<!
BOX AND OTHER HOUSE CARS
W | T H ROOF HAT CHES
P L A T E V
THIS PLA T E S Hows ARRANGEMENT IN GENERAL,
F OR O ET A L8 SEE T E x T.
FOR ARRANGEMENT OF UNCOUPLING AT TACHMENT
SEE PLATE B AND T Ex T.
B END
—F-
ti-
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w
(3) METAL BRACES END Platform To B :
35X1% or equiv. greſſed ON END OF *
CA §
PREFERABLY FLUSH al AND ON SIDE OF CAR,
MAX. (, '' INSIDE OF FACE SIDE OF CAR










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