June, 1923 T H E A R C H IT ECTURAL FORUM - º:35:35:35:35:35:35:35:35:35: of a nationally advertised product that gained the interested atten. tion of nearly twenty thousand prospective builders last year and in the first four months of this yearsecured inquiries from twelve thousand more? You would think it worth your own investigation, wouldn't you —especially since it is a building unit possessing unusual adaptabil- ity and assuring maximum home comfort? You have known this product for years—it's Natco Hollow Tile. However, do you know it for all it's worth? If you would like to know more about the practicabil. ity and adaptability of Natco Write for ‘Bulletin "No. 171 and ‘Bulletin No. 174 Both are valuable for the architect—both are free 408 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Architectural Library What Is Your Opinion NATIONAL FIRE PRCT)RING CON/APANY | ;3 Bääääääß. 2. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923. This is the Avenue State Bank, Oak Park, Ill. Puckey & Jenkins, Architects; S. N. Neil- sen, Contractor. The building is re- inforced with Truscon Rib Bars and the bank- ing room flooded with daylight from Truscon Standard Windows in sidewalls and ceiling lights. as business confidence is linked inseparably with every ssful banking institution, so dependability is linked with Products throughout the building field. orcing Steel, Steel Joists and Hy-Rib Metal Lath are just a te the outstanding products that are used from Maine to Cºornia in large and small building projects. Besides there are a large variety of types and designs of Truscon Steel Windows to fill every architectural requirement. in the principal cities a corps of specialists are ready to assist architects and engineers with their building problems. TRUSCON STEEL COMPANY, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO IRUSCQN STEEL WINDOWS June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 3 RAYM Aform for ever, pile s JA ple forevery purpose" WHILE you admire the speed with which Raymond Concrete Piles are driven, remember, too, that the Raymond Method of pouring each pile in its own spirally reinforced steel shell means that every Raymond Concrete Pile is a perfect con- crete pile. RAYMOND CONCRETE PILE CO. New York: 140 Cedar Street Chicago: 111 West Monroe Street Offices in Principal Cities 4 T H E A RCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 KEWANEE Steel Boilers Smoke is out of date— as thoroughly out of date as a “one lunged” automobile. If the boiler is right it won’t smoke— no matter what kind of coal is put into it. Kewanee Smokeless Boilers burn any kind of coal. They burn any coal completely. Hence none of the coal is wasted up the stack as smoke. That is one reason you find Kewanee Smokeless Boilers heating the finest buildings of all kinds all over the country. KEWANEE DQILER COMPANY KEWANEE, ILLINOIS Steel Heating Boilers, Radiators, Tanks, Water Heating Garbage Burners BRANCHES CHICAGO 822 W. Washington Boul. MILWAUKEE Mer. & Mfrs. Bank Bldg. NEW YORK 47 W. 42nd St. PITTSBURGH Empire Bldg. DES MOINES 315 Hubbell Bldg. DENVER 514 Boston Bldg. KANSAS CITY 2014 Wyandotte St. DALLAS 809 Southwestern Life Bldg. INDIANAPOLIS 509-510 Occidental Bldg. DETROIT 1772 Lafayette Boul. ST. LOUIS 4200 Forest Park Boul. TOLEDO 1121-22 Nicholas Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS 708 Builders Exchange CLEVELAND 706 Rose Bldg. COLUMBUS, O. 808 1st Natl. Bank Bldg. ATLANTA, GA. 1521 Candler Bldg. SALT LAKE CITY 204 Dooly Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO 216 Pine St., Rooms 210-11 CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES —The Dominion Radiator Co., Ltd. Toronto, Ont., Montreal, Que. Winnipeg, Man., Hamilton, Ont., St. John, N. B., Calgary. Alta. June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM 5 CARMELITE MONASTERY, SANTA CLARA, CALIF. Maginnis & Walsh, Architects THE DECORATIVE VALUE of TERRA COTTA HERE elaborate decorative treatment is required in archi. tectural expression Terra Cotta presents the ideal solution. Unrivaled in color range and with a wide variety of surface finishes, Terra Cotta may be related readily to other materials with complete harmony and unity of architectural effect. Literature assisting successful design in these points and giv- ing the factors necessary for perfect durability will be sent on request. Address National Terra Cotta Society, 19 West 44th Street, New York City. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 N N N - - - - ******* *** * * * * * * * * * * º º --~~~ º º | ºf ºz. º. - - --- E. : : º * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . º - Chicago Theatre, Chicago, Illinois, C. W. & Geo. L. Rapp, Architects. Attention is called to the crispness and delicate detailof the ornamental features of this facade—an effect ob- tained by use of Northwestern terra cotta in old ivory finish. of - º º º: º -º º - - º º … º : º * º º º º º º º, sº tº get ºustº º ºf lºº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Nºrwegime. N is a short form of specificationfor archi- tectural Terra Cotta superior quality. THE NoFTHWESTERN TERRA Cotta Company CHICAGo N N % N June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 7 ACOUSTICAL • INSTALLATION Executive Offices of Lockwood, Greene & Co., Architects and Engineers HARRIS FORBES BANKING BUILDING BOSTON, MASS. The ceiling is finished in AKOUSTOLITH sound absorbing tile. It is the most efficient masonry material used for acoustical correction for either walls or ceilings R. GUASTAVINO CO. BOSTON, MASS. NEW YORK 40 COURT STREET 1133 BROADWAY | 8 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 A Permanent Building In Chicago Leiter Bldg. Architects, Engineers The Building Material Exhibit Reaches Nearly 100 Permanent Exhibitors Are already occupying space in this exhibit, making a direct contact between the building professions and the manufactur- ers. 25,000 square feet of floor space is devoted to display. FREE Conference Rooms A number of private rooms are available without charge for con- sultation between the profession, their clients and material dealers. These rooms are equipped with stationery and telephone. Steno- graphic services obtainable at reasonable rates. Mr. Manufacturer, You Should We Look After Builders Visit Your Interests They Meaſ, a Fie/doof Active Manufacturers represented in this exhibit receive the benefits, convenience and service attached to a branch Architects, Contractors, Owners, Builders of homes, bun- office. galows, apartment houses, stores, factories, warehouses, If a manufacturer has no and office buildings—Builders for investment-Everyone representative at the ex- interested in buildings and materials visits our exhibit daily. º hibit, we will look after his interests as carefully as his own salesmen. BUILDING MATERIAL EXHIBIT June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM 9 Material Exhibit 6th Floor 15 E. Van Buren St. Contractors, Builders America’s Leading Manufacturers Up-to-Date Library and Reliable Data Always Available A library and filing system are kept with information on all manufacturers’ building products, trade names, locations and Chicago representatives. Magazines, trade papers and other literature relating to building, building materials, fire ordinances and other information will be constantly kept on file for use of all exhibitors, also architects, engineers and contractors. Come or write for any information–FREE. Be Represented Here Our Exhibit Daily Monthly Rental to Exhibitors Includes Dem/a/d for Yo///- Prod//c/ -kº, º service -Electric light, heat —Janitor service -Refrigerated drinking Plans and Specifications for Use of Exhibitors K. di - - - - - t The building material exhibit has on file for the free use of exhibitors, i. on q1rectory in plans and specifications for work being figured on in this territory. -Use of mercantile refer- ence books and directories —Also the service of the organization in answering 15 E. WAN BURENST. CHICAGO, ILL. inquiries. 10 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 * Kansas, shown above. Federal Red Interlocking and Channel Tile were - used to roof the Memorial Auditorium, Wellington, The artistic appearance of Federal Cement Tile would warrant its selection for the finest public buildings even if its excellent appearance were not in- separably associated with its unchallenged permanence. Where handsome appearance is essential Federal Tile gives the permanent beauty of pre-cast stone-concrete, scientifically made in fireproof, daylight shops, by an organization of long experience. And where permanence is the first consideration the artistic appearance of Federal Tile becomes an added asset. Particularly in the oxidized color, the natural unglazed surface adds a natural beauty that will grace the finest architectural masterpiece. Federal Tile are manufactured for all flat and pitched surfaces. Made, laid and guaranteed by FEDERAL CEMENT TILE CO. 110 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. *The Roſſor Prmanence" June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 11 Roofs of Enduring Beauty Residence of Mrs. John Hay, Cleveland, Ohio Abram Garfield, Architect If your client wishes his roof to be a source of lasting beauty and protec- tion, thereby enhancing the appearance and value of his home, IMPERIAL Spanish Tiles should be your recommendation. Such a roof will last forever without repairs, and will not even require the aid of paint, stain or other artifice to retain its original beauty of coloring. In addition to our IMPERIAL Spanish, we have other shapes suitable for the type of architecture pictured above. They are our Straight Barrel Mission and Large and Small Tapered Mission, which we produce in a wide variety of colors and textures. £º º- & & *Iſſ)06R (HL/º Spanish Tiles LUDOWICI - CELADON COMPANY 104 South Michigan Boulevard - Chicago, Illinois { (4) 12 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 2 2 N º Among the more than seven thousand contracts for which we have furnished ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA is Drexel Institute, Wilson Brothers, Architects. Built more than thirty years ago this material has stood the ravages of time and the elements and is in as good condition today as when the building was first erected in 1891–92, illustrating the permanency of TERRA COTTA. The illustration above shows the possibilities for applied ornamentation, prohibitive in cost by the use of other materials. CONKLING-ARMSTRONG TERRA COTTA COMPANY General Office PHILADELPHIA, PA. Works 410 Denckla Building Wissahickon Ave. and Juniata St. 2 N Floors of Quality ºššBSTONE G||ARMNiñºſſ TRADE MARK- Asbestone - - - --- ~º - Composition Jacksonville High School, Jacksonville, Ill. J. W. Royer, Architect, Urbana, Ill. Fl - Asbestone Floors Throughout O O r1 n g “The Floor You Like to Walk On” The recognized standing of ASBESTONE Flooring as the world's best interior flooring has been achieved through appreciation of the fact that ASBESTONE quality and service are beyond question FLOORS ARE THE MOST USED AND ABUSED PORTION OF ANY BUILDING Therefore, specify ASBESTONE and secure best results. All Installations Guaranteed Prices, samples and full particulars free on application Franklyn R. Muller, Inc. *...* 108 Madison St., Waukegan, Ill. Z 2 2 June, 1923 T H E A R C H IT ECT U R A L FOR U M Detail of Administration Building, Essex County Park Commissioners, Newark, N.J. H. Van Buren Magon Aºi. example of the adaptability of face brick to the architect's purpose. The brickwork in Flemish and Checker Bonds makes a pleasing harmony with the mar: ble column and the terra cotta pilaster. “Architectural Details in Brickwork” comprises one hundred examples i igle, Architect of artistic brickwork. The plates, issued in three series, each in an enclosed folder, ready for filing, will be sent to any architect requesting them on his office stationery. Address, American Face Brick Association, 1751 Peoples Life Building, Chicago, Illinois. 14 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM oAnnouncing § O U R A BILITY TO F U R N I S H F O R PROMPT SHIPMENT, A N Y S T A N D A R D TYPE OR COLOR OF ‘RO OF ING TIL & ( A SHALE PRODUCT IN NATURAL FIRE- FLASHED OR ARTI- FICIAL SLIP - COAT COLORS. & 2 | LET US ESTIMATE ON YOUR REQUIRE- MENT'S AND SEND SAMPLES. ;-->}<+?!e 84 - || | || || Vitrolite is one of the most permanent struc- tural materials known. Laboratory tests and the test of use indicate that it is practically proof against time, the elements and chemical reagents, organic and inorganic– and is stainproof, imper- vious, sanitary, instantly cleaned. º º º -> º Nº º ºs. N º June, 1923 25 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM (Showing a few of our many models) HE large variety of Fairfacts Fixtures, of which but a few are shown, makes it pos- sible for you to meet all the requirements of your most exacting clients. Made of china, Fairfacts Fixtures have a beauty, strength and durability that cannot be equaled in other materials. They are installed by tile contrac- tors and should be included in the tile contract. We do not sell the plumbing trade. Send for catalogue F. Details and specifica- tions also appear in Sweet's Architectural Catalogue. THE FAIRFACTS COMPANY, INC., Manufacturers 234-236 West 14th Street Dept. F New York City Look for this Jairáciº BUILT IN YOUR BATHROOM WALLS 26 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Sending 77/es ſo Al/a//e/ Aº. the processes of Tile making that have to do with wearing quality are under complete control. They include the various details which prepare the Tiles for the kiln. Then comes the uncontrollable factor– that fierce heat which gives to Tiles their artistic surprises in shades and tones. This unusual combination of fixed prac- tices and untrammeled color effects must be followed by a third activity. The Tiles must be sent to market, and they must be sorted and graded to meet the requirements of the installation for which they are intended. Here skill is again employed and the most watchful care. Here the exacting needs of good merchandising must be met. And this third process is as important to the architect who specifies Tiles as are the others, for it determines largely his own satisfaction with the material after it is in place, and the satisfaction of his client. THE ASSOCIATED TILE MANUFACTURERS BEAVER FALLS, PA. © June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 27 This] ſouse that A \Bob & Betty Built TTOO. ORE than 100,000 people saw the house that Bob and Betty built, the big feature of the recent “Own Your Home” show in New York. This house was covered with stucco made from ATLAS Portland Cement with ATLAS WHITE Portland Cement for the finish coat. The visitors had an opportunity to see the beauty of the textural finish employed, the method of Portland Cement Stucco construction, and they learned that the house of concrete blocks covered with Portland Cement Stucco costs only about 2% more than the house of entire frame construction, which aroused great interest on the part of prospective home builders and will undoubt- edly make many of them want their new home covered with Stucco made with ATLAS WHITE Portland Cement. On this page is shown a front view of the house and a close-up of the textural finish employed. The variety of textural finishes that can be obtained with the use of ATLAS WHITE is limited only to the ingenuity and artistry of the architect and workman and they can with this material express their own ideas to achieve results that could not be secured with any other material. And it is worth while remembering that the materials for Portland Cement Stucco with ATLAS WHITE for the finish coat are readily available in any section. There need be no delay in construction while waiting for materials. Write our Technical Department for speci- fications or any information you may desire relative to the use of ATLAS WHITE. THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY CHICAGO 25 Broadway, NEW YORK BIRMINGHAM PHILADELPHIA BOSTON ST. LOUIS DES MOINES DAYTON OMAHA BUFFALO KANSAS CITY 28 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM f Olde Stonesfield Roofs and Flagging! tº Edward F. Hutton's Country House, Roslyn, L. I. Your specifications can indicate the thickness of the graduations of Olde Stonesfield Roof Stones, and the colors in approximate proportions; but there is no speci- fication that can possibly cover the size and shape variations. Neither can it denote their arrangement, - ºfflººr ºº:: º §§ § A close study of this Tudor Stone Junior Roof will §§ reveal many interesting details of construction. # - - - £ Our Architects' Service Department is ever ready to £: confer with the architect as to the color and texture of f. Tudor Stone best adapted to assure the desired effects. Fº º Write for new booklet *:::: #3ūmātām ޺ltºmum º: West Pawlet, Vermont * Architects’ Service Department, 101 Park Avenue, New York BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO º º º: *#3; º Hºmº - “Our Reputation Is Your Specification” Ž THE JOHN D. EMACK CO. º-º-º-º-º-º-º-a=eº-ºº-ººººº-ºº- Charles M. Hart, Architect save in a general way. “Our Reputation is Your Speci- fication” for such results. Olde Stonesfield roofs and flagging are “hand picked.” The work of old English roofer craftsmen. Send for our booklet No. 23. - Home Office: NEW YORK 112 South 16th Street OFFICE: PHILADELPHIA 17 East 49th Street Architect Guy Lowell, Boston, for Dedham Country Club, Dedham, Mass., used “CREO- DIPT’’ Stained Shingles on roofs and side walls. The Dixie White of - shingle side wa is strengthened by the Weathered Gray on roof. MANY architects are now specifying"CREO-DIPT." Stained Shingles on roof and side walls of country clubs both for utility and artistic effect. There are over thirty shades of greens, grays, reds and browns in 16-, 18- and 24-inch lengths. They may be used in solid tones or in many combinations of variegated shades. No other building material lends itself to such harmonious effects on side walls as well as roofs. Send 50c for fifty large Photographs of Homes of all sizes by noted architects CR-O-DIPT COMPANY. Inc. General Offices: 1025 Oliver Street, North Tonawanda, N. Y. Factories: No. Tonawanda, N.Y., St. Paul, Minn., and Kansas City, Mo. Sales Offices: Principal Cities Leading Lumber Dealers Everywhere Carry Standard Colors in Stock Portfolio of Homes "CREO-DIPT." ſºlſ|| S. - Reg. |Sh * º linedShingles º June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 29 º sº tº º ºn ºn at c Are You Interested in Bank Building? * º N D A N A M ESTON BANK BUILDINGS Our new booklet which handsomely illustrates many Indiana Limestone bank buildings is acknowledged to be an unusually fine compilation of material on this subject. This booklet should be in the office of every Architect and Bank owner and will be sent free upon request. Indiana Limestone Quarrymen’s Association Box 766, Bedford, Indiana Metropolitan Service Bureau, 622 Marbridge Building, New York City - ſº 2: 372e NATION's BUILDING STONE *- º 30 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 - Reproduction from a painting in © The D. T. E. Co., Inc., 1923 oil, by Frank Swift Chase, of the home of Dr. Henry Van Dyke, - - Princeton, N. J. A decaying tree cannot save itself EW living things are as utterly helpless, as defenseless in themselves, as the I ºff.” window and make tree when it is attacked by internal decay. It can only wait to die—unless “God lies thy branches and saved by human skill. Tſ. | ſº ed b - The inside of a tree is largely dormant or semi-dormant. The active growth and ºr º: ived before, live life are in and immediately under the bark. The wood-cells inside of a tree cannot Thou, ancient, friendly, faith- protect themselves from disease and decay. The bark is Nature's protection. Every ful "p. Henry Van Dyke wound in the bark, from whatever cause, exposes the wood-cells to disease—and decay, ceaseless and progressive decay, is almost inevitable. That is why the service of Davey Tree Surgeons is essential to the health, and perhaps the life, of your trees. Like the tooth, when decay once starts, nothing but human skill can save it. What does Davey Tree Surgery cost? That depends entirely on the amount of Among prominent persons and in- work required and what portion of it the client wishes to have done. In 1922 the 5. º * Davey organization served 3581 clients. 75 per cent of these paid less than two ROY A RAINEY hundred dollars each—that is, from two hundred down to very small amounts. W. C. MARMON You can buy as much or as little as you want. MRS. F. A. CONSTABLE - - MRS. ZENAS CRANE Davey Tree Surgeons are near you—if you live between Boston EDWIN FARNHAM GREENE and Kansas City or in California. Write or wire nearest office ILLINOIS WATCH COMPANY for examination of your trees without cost or obligation UNIVERSITY OF CINCIN- - NATI THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., 1106 Elm Street, Kent, Ohio *ś, " " Branch offices with telephone connections: New York, Astor Trust building, Firth Avenue and 42nd street: SURANCE COMPANY - Boston, Massachusetts Trust Building, Philadelphia, Land Title Building; Baltimore, American Building: DOMINION PARK CO., LTD. fishirºn, 33i fourth Avenue. Buffalo," iioºnºlin street cºlºni,' fripºſºnºmininºff, SISTERS OF CHARITY OF ST. General Motors Building; Cincinnati, Mercantile Library Building: Chicago, Westminster Building: St. JOHN DAVEY VINCENT DE PAUL Louis, Arcade Building; Kansas City, Scarritt Building; Los Angeles, Garland Building; Montreal, 252 Father of Tree Surgery Laugauchitere, West. D A V E Y T R E E S U R G E O N S Every real Davey Tree Surgeon is in the employ of The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., and the public is cautioned against those falsely representing themselves. An agreement made with the Davey Company and not with an individual is certain evi- dence of genuineness. Protect yourself from impostors. If anyone solicits the care of your trees who is not directly in our em- ploy, and claims to be a Davey man, write headquarters for his record. Save yourself from loss and your trees from harm June, 1923 31 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM &ºº §§ º The residence is in pencil, sketched by 7. Manley Rosé The greenhouse a transposed photograph The cut is a tooled-out half tone Is This Greenhouse Problem Ever Put To You? OUR client wants a greenhouse. He wants it located just where you don't want it. You tactfully try to change him. He remains obdurate. When such a situation arises, why not call us in, and we will gladly make you a ren- dering like the above, which proved a successful bit of convincement. It is a service that costs you nothing, and may make you much. Hitching: * Qompany: Home Offices and Factory, Elizabeth, N.J. New York Boston (9) 101 Park Avenue 294 Washington Street Philadelphia Rochester Empire Building Commerce Building 13th & Walnut Sts. 119 Main St., East TCHINGS GREENH 32 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 - =N fºsterpiec Esſº IN NAARBLE Interiors of a number of the leading banks in America are among the finest Masterpieces of Appalachian Marble THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK, ATLANTA, GEORGIA A. Ten Eyck Brown, Architect, Atlanta, Georgia Alabama Grade “A” for columns. Alabama Selected “A” for screen, balustrades, wall and floor A glimpse of the Fulton National Bank interior, Atlanta, Ga. R. S. Pringle, Atlanta, architect TRAVELING Scholarship PPALACHIAN, the most widely used of all Tennessee marbles, is particularly desirable for banks because The Alabama Marble Comp any of its uniform high quality and the va- begs to announce that it has made riety of distinct and separate marbles in arrangements to finance a which it is obtainable. Though Appa- - Traveling Scholarship in Architecture lachian is an especially beautiful marble, it is an economical marble. with special emphasis laid upon the use of Send plans and specifications for Interior Marble cost estimate | This scholarship will be conducted under the guidance of the Committee on Education of SEE our - - - catalogue the American Institute of Architects SWEETS - For details apply to - º-º: APDWALACHIAN WALTER D. BLAIR, Architectural Adviser NMARBLE (CONMPANY 154 East 61st Street, New York, N.Y. * < TENNES ** June, 1923 33 T H E A R C H ITECTURAL FORUM National Exchange Bank, Augusta, Ga. Mowbray & Uffinger, Architects Georgia Marble in Banks This bank (illustrated elsewhere in this issue) is a striking example of the use of Georgia Marble in a small bank. The Soundness and Strength of a banking institution should be properly conveyed by its exterior, and these qualities as expressed by the architects’ design are brought to their highest terms by the use of Georgia Marble. The Georgia Marble Company TATE, GA. New York Office Chicago Office 1328 Broadway 456 Monadnock Block 34 June, 1923 THE A R CHITECTURAL FORUM • V E R MONTo MARBLEO ſº º - THE SECURITY SAVINGS BANK, SAN FRANCISCO (NATHANIEL BLAISDELL, ARCHITECT), WAS ONE OF THE FEW STRUCTURES WHICH SURVIVED THE GREAT FIRE. THIS PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS THE VERMONT MARBLE WALLS AMID THE RUINS OF THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS. IT WAS A SEVERE AND PRACTICAL FIRE TEST – AND THE MARBLE MADE A MOST CONVINCING RECORD V E R M O N T M A R B L E COMPANY PROCTOR, VERMONT Branches in the larger cities GOODeFO Re ALL•TIME Ø sº O) Ǻ %, more /ana 9/e (Jſ/s (ſºm/ OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY C/ces ºn aſ//wwncyva/cities of the would An EVANS VANISHING DOOR Product FOR SCHOOLS That Pays for Itself With FLOOR SPACE SAVED WARDROBES, Class E have Laminated Backs, Ends and Divisions, and with Evans Process Hollow Sanitary Door, hung on double pivoted arms, without guides, tracks or rollers, swing easily and silently. They cannot stick or bind. Made with or without Blackboards. Hardware can also be purchased separately. More Than a Million Hang Their Wraps in Evans Vanishing Door Wardrobes 2 Trade Mark Catalog WANISHING DOOR “PICTURES THAT TALK" U. S. Reg. Sent on Request W. L. EVANS 700 Block E Washington, Ind. N 2 Samson Spot Sash Cord Trade Mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. Made of extra quality stock, carefully inspected, and guaranteed free from all imperfections of braid or finish. Can be distinguished at a glance from common cord by our trade mark, the Col- ored Spots. Samson Wire Center Sash Cord Trade Mark Reg. U.S. Pat. off. For heavy windows, or where for any reason a metallic device is required. A special quality enameled steel wire cable, with a braided cotton cover of the same quality as Spot Sash Cord with the same trade mark. Many times more durable than unprotected metallic devices, noise- less and attractive in appearance. Send for tests, samples and full information. Samson Cordage Works Boston, Mass. N N Z June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM aſſº H H - E. - = | More than 10,000 square feet of Armstrong's Cork Tile are used in the First National Bank of Los Angeles. The floor in the work spaces and teller's cage is composed of nine-inch squares of alter- nating light and dark tile, with dark brown border. This Floor Is Durable F durability is one of your first considerations in selecting a bank floor, Armstrong's Cork Tile will satisfy your most exacting requirements. Armstrong's Cork Tile is laid piece by piece in waterproof cement. It forms an integral part of the construc- tion—a floor, not just a covering. It will not warp, bulge or pull loose from the base. The tough, dense texture is resistant to ordinary wear and im– pervious to the disintegrating effects of moisture. It will not splinter, crumble, crack or craze. Armstrong's Cork Tile is composed of clean cork shavings—not granu- lated cork. Though densely com- pressed, it makes a floor that is yield- ing underfoot, nonslippery and almost noiseless. The mottled appearance of the surface is unusual and distinctly pleasing, and many attractive designs can be worked out with the variety of shapes and sizes of tile and the three shades of brown. There is no other floor more suitable and appropriate for the working spaces in the bank than Armstrong's Cork Tile. The 24-page illustrated book, “Armstrong's Cork Tile,” contains a complete description of the material and detailed specifications. A copy and sample tile will be forwarded you-free of charge-upon request Armstrong Cork & Insulation Co., 132 Twenty-fourth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. JA/so JManufacturers of (inotiſe F/oors ARMSTRON T H E A R C H IT ECT U R A L FOR U M June, 1923 f | A Venetian Blind Ad written by The Federal Reserve Bank Richmond, Virginia {{ HE conditions to be met were rather complex; in some cases windows open on the inside, in other cases they open on the outside, and in still other cases they are pivoted in the center and swing both outward and inward. Window curtains and shades were entirely impracticable, and awnings would have been both disfiguring and would have shut out the air to a great extent. Therefore, we determined that Venetian blinds would meet the requirements. By changing the angle of the slats, very little light is lost, the light being diffused at any angle, and at the same time the air is admitted. The blinds do not detract from the appear. ance of the building at all in our opinion.” Yours very truly, GEO. J. SEAY, \ Exterior of windows Governor's Room Governor, Federal Reserve Bank, Richmond, Va. Federal Reserve Bank, Richmond, Va., l Carneal & Johnson, Archts. Dm The J. G. WILSON Corporation **śs 3 EAST 36TH STREET, NEw York CITY OFFICES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES N 3. & Established 1876* §: THE JGwilson corporation...; Šs. New Yoruk city --> Sea- .......* Specify Hess White Steel Medicine Cabinets, Lavatory Mirrors and Pipe Shaft Doors with this mark 25 years' experience in manufactur- ing Water Supply, Electric Light and Sewage Disposal Systems enables us to speak with water supply wisdom. “Specifications,” our 46 pg. bulletin, makes it easy to select with ease and assurance the one Kewanee System from 200 styles and sizes for isolated farm or estate homes, schools, club- house or institution buildings. Then your client will have the highest excellence in quality and appearance. The durability of the enamel is guaranteed and restoration without charge is promised if defects appear at any time. Write today for “Specifications” KEWANEE PRIVATE UTILITIES COMPANY 442 S. Franklin Street Kewanee, Illinois Sold by Jobbers and Dealers everywhere Illustrated booklet free Sweet's Index, page 1638 HessWarming&Ventilating Co. 1216 Tacoma Building, Chicago Makers of Hess Welded Steel Furnaces water cºLIGHT June, 1923 T H E ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 37 One hundred thousand pounds of Copper will permanently protect the roof of this impressive building from Rust. COPPER, the Ideal Roof OPPER cannot rust—needs no painting or other surface pro- tection—is easily shaped and in- stalled—is indestructible and fire- proof-and lastly, left to weather, tones itself to a beautiful soft green that blends perfectly with any back- ground. Laymen often think of Copper as a roof appropriate only for churches, office build- ing2 and other large structures. They do rot yet realize that among the various types of Copper roofing there is certain to be one that exactly fits the building in hand, whatever its architectural form and whatever its size. The books “Copper, the Ideal Roof” and “How To Build A Better Home” dis- cuss roofing and building generally in a way that is interesting to the owner. May we send you a copy of each for inspection? They are, of course, free. COPPER (or BRASS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION - is Broadway - New York 38 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 ŞNS=S$=s=ssWEss=Ss=?s===sº/º/2/);=S. | - - | ||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||W || ||||||||||||||||||| ||||||| | | | - ºrrºrs-crºssrººrºº: ----------pºrnº sºº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º:º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: º Eº ºuill--Luuuuuulº-autuºlululuºlululuuluuluull-ºutlºuia-uuuuuuuuuu. =#| BLOX-ON-END FLOORING A perfected system of flooring so arranged that the grain of the wood is placed end upward, thus presenting a smooth, resilient wearing surface that lasts so long as to be considered permanent. Used by the Leaders in Practically T hey Bo ught Every Industry Armstrong Cork Company..........................… Lancaster, Pa. B Armour & Co..........Chicago, East St. Louis, St. Paul, Omaha, Kansas ©CCIU1Se - City - Co...........Portland, Cincinnati, Newark, Indi lis, - *Nº. &cºº - ndianapo Bloxonend solves the flooring prob- #. º ºo::Rºy ºf lem for practically all tlme, doing th Company (Round Uak Ranges).............. Lowagiac, Vilch. - - É.º. Company..….Flint, Mich. away with the necessity for frequent Continental Motors Corp.........................................Muskegon, Mich. repairs, costly delays, etc. Dennison Manufacturing Company......................Framingham, Mass. Eastman Kodak Company............…...Rochester.N. Y. B - id f l h Ford Motor ºº City, Seattle, Des Moines, b eCauSe i. eS a 5. ect ...” Detroit, Columbus, Hamilton, Ohio -sli r - Surface, al- Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co..................Pittsburgh, Philadelphia l ut non Slippery i.” 1ng - f B. F. ºw diº º º . º . º Montgomery Ward & Company................Chicago, Portland, St. Pau In equipment wit National Lamp Works (General Electric)............ Cleveland, Buffalo, . i. . e d i. º kd St. Louis, Bridgeville, Pa. Pittsburgh, P º . Or or effort and leSS breakClOWI) Jones & Laughlin Steel Company.................................. ittsburgh, Pa. an Iſlaºſe. Nash Motors Company.................................................. Kenosha, Wis. amag Otis Elevator Company, Bloxonend installed in elevators shipped to - - all parts ofº º Cedar Rapids, I Because Bloxonend is unlike any Penick & Ford, Ltd.......................................................Cedar Rapids, la. - - Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co................ Louisville, Ky., Allegheny, Pa. other type of flooring, º: Sterling Salt Company..................................…. Halite, N.Y. unique and patented features that Swift & Company.........…: ...Kansas City mean decided advantages to the user Penn Tobacco Company.............................................Wilkesbarre, Pa. - - h h h - Western Union Telegraph Company.................... Chattanooga, Tenn. and justify the purchase through in- Wilson & Company.....….Chicago creased efficiency and production. Write nearest office today for Descriptive Literature Carter Bloxonend Flooring Company Chicago: 332 South Michigan Ave. R. A. Long Building, Kansas City, Mo. New York: 501 Fifth Ave. Cleveland: 1900 Euclid Ave. Boston: 312 Broad Exchange Portland, Ore.: Chamber of Commerce Bldg. San Francisco: 1007 Hobart Bldg. LOXONEND Lays Smooth-Stays Smooth - - - - - w º ſ | - -- º º - - == Ø § N June, 1923 T H E A R C H ITECTURAL FOR U M 39 A typical installation of “ U. S." Tile Flooring in the Roosevelt Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y. Beauty–Wear—and Quiet! ELDOM has a flooring material more nearly fulfilled every requi- site of bank service than has “U. S." Tile. Its rich color effects—in plain or veined designs—harmonize effec- i. ** has been installed in the tively with the highest types of interior decoration. Bowery Savings Bank, New York:City Made of reinforced rubber, with the experience and facilities of the :::::::::::. É. S. city United States Rubber Company behind it, “U. S." Tile Flooring §.º.º."... Y. possesses a durability that approaches permanence. Added to this is the element of quiet, due to the native resiliency of the properly compounded rubber which tends to deaden the noise of footfalls and of mechanical office appliances. Investigate “U.S.” Tile today—not only for large floor spaces but also for counters and desktops. United States Rubber Company Bank Flooring Department 1790 Broadway, New York City Trade Mark “U.S. Tile Flunring 40 THE ARCHITECTURAL FOR U M June, 1923 The edge shows you that the tile designs are built in. The colors go" through to the burlap back Straight Line Inlaid Linoleum hat is it? ! A flooring of enduring beauty made of sanitary and resilient linoleum tiles pressed together and on to a tough burlap backing under tremendous pressure. The Straight Line patterns are as clean-cut and reg- ular as the finest tile floor. This flooring will outwear hardwood yet permits free use of design and color. The patterns cannot wear off because the colors go through to the burlap back. Nairn Straight Line Inlaid Linoleum is used in all classes of residential work, and in private offices, reception rooms, corridors—wherever the floor should combine the decorative with the serviceable. It may well become the foundation of the decorative scheme. If you will state the type of room or rooms you are planning to floor, we will send you a group of patterns lithographed in actual colors, from which to make a selection. Also generous samples of the linoleum itself. Or you can secure these from your linoleum contractor. NAIRN LINOLEUM COMPANY 202 Belgrove Drive, Kearny, New Jersey Es Largest Manufacturers of Inlaid Linoleum in America W. & J. Sloane, Wholesale Sole Selling Agents Q s º New York San Francisco º! |\C zºº º S- - -- * * º S- º REGISTERED šº: TRADE MARK >Cº. arº June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 41 ſ / ſ / Written Easily ** and Safely ~ |HE easiest and safest way to write a specification for a satis- factory composition flooring is to insert the word “MARBLE- LOID" in the flooring specification, followed by “as manu- factured and installed by The Marbleloid Company, 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y.” Marbleloid identifies a composition flooring that is fire- proof, warm, strong, resilient, attractive, and which develops a remarkable tenacity against wear. w º WN A. # | \s "W/ . 4g Whenever Marbleloid is specified once, the owner will always request its use in future building operations. For instance: American Sheet & Tin Plate Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11 Contracts) Armour Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8 -- ) Wm. Becker Aniline Chemical Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8 -- ) Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12 * - ) Carnegie Steel Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (26 “ ) Detroit Evening News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 6 -- ) General Electric Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20 -- ) New York Edison Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19 -- ) Pennsylvania R. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (30 -- ) - Standard Oil Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14 * - ) The composition floor on which the specification writer gets no comeback or Write for Architect’s takes no risk is “MARBLELOID.” It is manufactured, installed and guaranteed by sample case, color chart, izati list of installations, etc. one organization. Over two million feet are specified annually for Offices, Apartments, Hospitals, Schools, Banks, Industrial Plants, Public Buildings, etc. THE MARBLELOID COMPANY - 1404 Printing Crafts Building . New York City ARBLELOID Øe Universal FLOORING för Modern Buildings 42 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Photo shows exterior of Federal Reserve Bank, Boston, Mass. Architect: R. C. Sturgis, Boston. Gold-Seal Battleship Linoleum laid throughout by Bonded Floors Co. “A surety bond with every floor 25 ‘Bonded Floors in Modern Banks We recommend without reservation working spaces, where it is desired to four types of resilient floors that are deaden the noise of employees’ footsteps giving the utmost satisfaction in a and make standing less tiresome. large number of bank buildings through. To obtain richness and harmony with out the country. the decorations of an Each one is resili- Here are listed just a few banks in which we Interior we suggest ent, permanent and have recentlyinstalled quiet,comfortablefloors: Gold-Seal Treadlite 5 > * † - - - Til hich i easy to clean O1). Mechanics & Metals Bank, Broadway and 66th St., N.Y. - e, W ich S made each One We 1SSUle a Architects: Delano & Aldrich 111 a. variety of col- Chase National Bank, Prince St. and Broadway, N.Y. - 5-year Surety Bond ..". Anderson, Probst & White ored tile effects, Or for the full amount *Nº, NJ Gold - Seal Rubber of the COntraCt. Bºingº º; §º Mass. Tile, which dupli- rchitect: F. I. Untersee - Of these floorings Marinº, Company, º; City, N.J. CateS the º * - rchitects: Dennison irons d Ca1ſan Ce O the Gold Seal Battleship Hartford Connecticut Trust Co., Hartford, Conn. #. marbl Linoleum, made 11] Architect: Benjamin Morris e CS. four attract1Ve colors By specifying any —gray, green, brown and terra cotta— one of these floorings you obtain the is the most inexpensive. The most quiet services of a nation-wide organization and comfortable underfoot is our Cork which specializes in the proper instal- Tile. These floors are used chiefly in lation of resilient floors. BONDED-FLOORS.. COMPANY INCORPORATED FLOORING - ENGINEERS- AND.CONTRACTORS New York z Chicago Boston Philadelphia San Francisco Cleveland . Detroit Newark Jamaica • Los Angeles | BOOK DEPARTMENT) THE DAVANZATI PALACE, FLORENCE. By Louis Conrad Rosenberg. Descriptive text and measured drawings of one of the most famous of early Italian renaissance buildings. Drawings covering every important detail in the palace likely to be required by a modern architect working in the primitive renaissance style. 70 plates, 10% x 13% ins. Bound in buckram. Published by The Architectural Book Publishing Co., 31 East 12th St., New York. LTHOUGH Italian cities A are not subject to the in- cessant tearing down and building up which are said to cause the almost complete re- building of an American city at least once in each century, there are surprisingly few buildings in Florence which may be regarded as remains of the early renaissance era. Of these few examples the Davanzati Palace is one of the chief, though during its long life it has experienced many vicissi- tudes, falling upon evil days and reaching an advanced stage of de- crepitude from which it was fi- nally rescued and restored with archaeological fidelity to some- thing closely akin to its original and pristine condition. The res- torations were done under the supervision of an eminent anti- quarian who has filled the palace with furnishings of the period, so that it presents much the same appearance as when built during the fourteenth century. The Davanzati Palace ranks as one of the examples of Italian renaissance architecture most interesting to ar- chitects of the modern world. This is due in large meas- ure to its comparatively moderate size and character, for it is neither so vast nor so overwhelmingly magnifi- cent as many of the great palaces of Italy. Hemmed in between the Via Porta Rossa and the narrow Via Ca- paccio its area is not great, and its comparatively mod- A Court and Stairway Illustration from “The Davanzati Palace, Florence” erate number of spacious rooms are beautiful chiefly by reason of their dignified, accurate proportions and their reticent and somewhat austere character instead of depending upon splendor of embellishment as do so many of the later renaissance buildings. It is just this early, primitive character which has led to the basing upon it of so many modern in- teriors, particularly in residences. The present volume is a useful and authoritative collection of plans and measured drawings re- cording data which concerns ar- chitects interested in the earlier Italian renaissance. In addition to views of the exterior of the palace, which is comparatively well known, the author gives plans of the various floors and half-tone illustrations from photo- graphs of most of the rooms, to- gether with measured drawings of all their details likely to interest the present-day architect. There is no detail of an early renaissance palace which was not given a well considered and finished grace; much depended upon proportions of rooms and heights of ceilings, and upon proportions of door and window openings, corbels, chim- neypieces and the like there were lavished all the thought and care which render them after almost four centuries models which architects delight in following. Here are measured drawings of ceilings, chimneypieces, window and door trim, and of the nail-studded shutters which were used in old Italian houses for protection against robbery, but which like everything else of that period were rendered decorative and ornamental. All these structural acces- sories involve, of course, the use of considerable iron- work, such as hinges, bolts, knockers, and irons, railings HE glories of old French architecture include far more than the Gothic cathedrals and the renaissance chateaux, for some of the most beauti- ful buildings in the world are the village churches and wayside chapels of France and the smaller domestic buildings of different kinds which abound in the rural districts and small towns. ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY Farmhouses, Manor Houses, Minor Chateaux and Small Churches From XI to XVI centuries in Normandy, Brittany and other parts of France With a Preface by Ralph Adams Cram, F.A.I.A. New Edition, 8 x 11% ins., 94 pages, almost entirely illustrations. For the architect whose work includes country or suburban residence work no more helpful book could be imagined, for these old French buildings with their incomparable grouping, besides affording practical precedent for mod- ern use, were developed in materials easily had today in almost any part of the United States. Price $10 142 Berkeley Street, Boston Any book reviewed may be obtained at published price from THE ARCHITECTURAL ForUM 44 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM BOOK DEPARTMENT June, 1923 Small Houses of the Late Georgian Period VOLUME II (INTERIORS) By STANLEY C. RAMSEY HE first volume of this work, dealing with small and medium sized English houses in the Georgian style, met with an enthusiastic reception from American archi- tects. This later volume possesses an even wider appeal, for the present vogue of the Georgian style, particularly in its simpler forms, renders the subject of vital interest not only to architects but to interior decorators as well. In excellent half-tone plates, chiefly of full page size, there are illustrated different rooms of late Georgian houses, halls, living rooms, libraries and dining rooms, and such details of interiors as mantels, door and window frames, stairways, columns and pilasters, and ornament in relief upon walls and ceilings. An invaluable detail of the work is the inclusion of drawings from which many of these details can be reproduced. It would be difficult to think of a book which would be of more direct and practical value to an architect whose practice includes residence work, or to an interior decorator who values correct precedent in design. Handsomely bound in full cloth gilt, size 12% x 8% ins., and printed on heavy art paper Price $10 postpaid ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY and other details, drawings of which are included here. To give the necessary contrast to walls which were fre- quently of plain, rough textured plaster much use was necessarily made of polychrome decoration on ceilings and woodwork; sometimes the walls themselves were polychromed in diaper patterns or in other ways which involve much use of all-over designs, and in this volume there are given for the modern architect or interior deco- rator not only these ancient patterns themselves but in- dications of the colors in which the designs have been worked out. The treatment of the floors of the palace is not overlooked, nor is the manner of glazing the win- dows which contribute so powerfully to the character of the building. The volume is possessed of a value and an interest which are permanent, for in the use of this most subtle of architectural styles success depends upon the ut- most care in the following of the best precedent, and in this work the following of excellent precedent is made possible by its presentation of views and drawings. GARDENING UNDER GLASS. By F. F. Rockwell. 297 pp., 5% x 8 ins. Fully illustrated. Price $3.50 net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. ANDSCAPE gardening is so closely related to archi- tecture that the subject may well be regarded as pos- sessing an architectural application. Buildings of many types—notably country houses—depend for much of the effect for which their architects strive upon sur- roundings suitably disposed and fittingly developed in accordance with definitely formulated plans; even city houses and structures of certain other kinds rely upon gardening in other forms for much of their exterior and interior adornment, so that the subject of gardening de- serves well of architects who value the finished and har- monious appearance of their work. Now the beginning of much gardening involves the use of greenhouses, cold frames, and other structures in which growth is produced under glass, and this study of gardening under glass by an authority well and widely known gives the reader an insight into the vast possibili- ties which such gardening holds forth; in fact as one turns the pages of this instructive work and comes to illustrations which show the luxuriant growth of all kinds of flowering plants and every manner of vege- tables, and peaches, nectarines, grapes and melons rip- ening within a few inches of the sleet and snow of a northern winter, the wonder grows that wider use is not made of methods which render these luxuries easily possible, particularly when it is suggested that the methods are neither inordinately difficult nor prohibi- tively costly. For architects the volume holds an appeal which is both strong and direct. Architects are inclined to dis- courage the use of “glass houses,” even when they real- ize their value, because they are so often ugly to the extent of marring the appearance of their surroundings; when they are absolutely essential, architects generally accept them as a necessary evil and either place them in remote and obscure corners or so mask or screen them with tall planting that their ugliness is concealed, while their benefits are enjoyed. There is no reason, however, for greenhouses' being the eyesore they only too often are, and the firm of builders responsible for much co- operation in the preparation of this work have solved the architectural problems involved and in publications of 142 Berkeley Street, Boston Any book reviewed may be obtained at published price from THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM T H E A R C H IT ECT U R A L FORUM 45 and from the destructive sulphur fumes of coal smoke and soot, as well Monsieur Kessler was right, back in 1883, when he recommended the metallic fluo- silicates for the preservation of limestone against disintegration by the elements. Since that time, in this “age of concrete,” atmospheric conditions have becomeworse instead of better, especially in the cities. Fumes from the burning of coal are laden with sulphur gas. In connection with fog or rain sulphuric acid is formed. If in addition, a building is covered with soot, the acid is held on the surfaces with con- sequent quicker action. Extensive experiments abroad have proved that when the lime in the surface of con- crete is changed into insoluble fluorides, weak acids have no disintegrating effect. This end can best be achieved through the proper application of the metallic fluosilicates, of which Hard-n-tyte is an efficient combination. Companies like the Chicago Union Station Company of Chicago and the Worcester Electric Light Company are forestalling disintegration by applying Hard-n-tyte to exposed concrete surfaces.These great com- Cast concrete hand-rail at Chicago Union Station treated with Hard-n-tyte to prevent weathering. Hydrostone Products Company, Contractor. panies know—by test and by usage, that Hard-n-tyte forms a surface ex- tremely difficult for the elements or for sulphur fumes to penetrate. Here is an instance of the effectiveness of Hard-n-tyte in weather and waterproofing concrete stacks. Worcester Electric Light Co., Worcester, Mass. First, because it reacts promptly with the lime. Second, it deposits very finely divided silica in the smallest pores, producing a hard, smooth, impervious surface. The new edition of the handbook on Hard-n-tyte Engineering Service describes the many important uses of Hard-n-tyte; and illustrates their application under various conditions. Send for it. GENERAL CHEMICAL COMPANY 40 RECTOR STREET NEW YORK CITY (C) —protecting concrete from weather Jſandn:lyle (C) () (2/2 O ºntevinº 46 T H E A R C H ITECTURAL FOR U M B O O K D EP A R T M E N T June, 1923 their own set forth the excellence with which architec- tural skill may clothe them. Outbuildings of all kinds, and particularly farm structures, silos and water tanks, were long regarded as undesirable and as necessarily spoiling any estate where they were placed, but anyone who follows the progress of architectural design in America knows that farm buildings, and even tanks and silos, are now so designed that they are wholly admi- rable from an architectural point of view;-and just so with the greenhouse. The book may well bring to an architect's attention possibilities which would be to the endless advantage of his clients. REINFORCED CONCRETE; A Practical Handbook for Use in Design and Construction. By R. J. Harrington Hudson, B.Eng., A.M.C.E., A.M.Mech.E., M.C.I., M.Am.C.I., Member of the Science Committee of the Concrete Institute, Executive Engineer, Public Works Department (India). 318 pp., 5%x8ins. Price $7. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. HE rapidly developing use of reinforced concrete and the constantly increasing facility with which engineers and builders handle its problems are marked by the changes which the years see in the use of this ma- terial. These changes are usually the result of experience, and engineers regard their experiences as belonging in no wise to themselves personally, but rather to the profes- sion which they represent. It follows, therefore, that the discoveries to which these experiences frequently lead are quickly made common property, and they serve to enrich the general fund of knowledge of the engineering profession. With long and varied practical experience in the use of reinforced concrete the author publishes a book in- tended for the use of students of practical engineering, as well as of those who are actually engaged in designing work of this nature or who are concerned with its con- struction. Part I considers briefly the materials used in reinforced concrete, the necessary preparations and the actual construction. Part II is given up to discussing the designs of slabs, columns and beams, and to make this sec- tion of the volume as helpful as possible there is included a chapter which illustrates and explains the complete de- sign of afloor which is supported on columns. This part of the work includes a number of valuable tables, one dealing with the proportions of slabs, another with the proportions of standard T-beams, while a third table covers the properties of square columns. The use of these tables in practical designing is also illustrated. Part III deals with questions presented by secondary stresses in monolithic construction, and in the appendices there have been included mathematical investigations of sec- ondary stresses. Engineers now recognize fully the im- portance of the monolithic property of reinforced con- crete, and they realize that to design reinforced concrete intelligently it is vitally necessary to possess knowledge of the stresses which are likely to develop in the struc- ture. In one of the chapters of this work there is intro- duced what the author believes to be a new method of analyzing the bending stresses in columns. The book gives every indication of thorough and care- ful work upon the part of the author and those who have assisted him in different ways, and it is replete with dia- grams, tables and data of every requisite kind which could aid in making possible a firm grasp upon the sub- ject by those for whom the volume has been prepared. STAINED GLASS TOURS IN FRANCE. By Charles Hitchcock Sherrill. 298 pp., 5 x 7% ins. Price $2.50. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. N the modern revival of interest in the different arts which have contributed to the glory of architecture there has been constant growth during the past 30 or 40 years. Architecture is perhaps better understood by the American people in general than at any period of our national history; sculpture and painting in their appli- cation to architecture are receiving due appreciation and meeting with constantly wider use, and other arts, such as the working of metal, are entering into building as possibly never since, during the renaissance, they played parts so important in aiding architectural expression. It is strange that amid all this quickening of appre- ciation the art of the glass worker has been almost the last to feel the revivifying effects of renewal of interest. The art is not one which hides its light under a bushel, for rather it makes use of the light to assert its glories, and from any of the Gothic cathedrals of Europe the windows proclaim the achievements of the ancient art of the glass stainer and painter. It might be replied, of course, that the revival of any art is slow in proportion to the depths to which it had fallen, and that public interest is reluctant to be stirred owing to the low estate to which the craft fell and from which in large measure it has not yet been redeemed, and that due recognition will be accorded when it has been proved that the art is once again placed upon a basis which renders such recognition meet and proper. Glass, like all the arts, has known its periods of incep- tion and growth; then the bright era of its culmination, followed by a long period of slow but steady deteriora- tion. Its period of triumph came during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while its lowest ebb was not during the late renaissance, for still lower depths were to be reached during our own times, in proof of which assertion one need not go far to find visible, ocular proof. Analysis of the glories of the glass worker at Chartres and Poitiers, to mention two places which possess su- preme examples, will show that its splendors are due in large measure to its being regarded as an aid to archi- tecture and not as an art to which architecture itself was tributary. This means that, like sculpture when suitably used with architecture, glass was subordinate to the controlling scheme and aids in preserving the architectural harmonies. The old glass takes its place in due and orderly fashion which glorifies the art while fulfilling its function in the whole. Modern glass, upon the contrary, is generally planned to be wholly inde- pendent of architecture, which in fact the glass maker seems to regard as an accessory—a sort of frame to set forth the glass which is practically a picture painted upon glass and making use of the full resources of per- spective, which when set in place provides not the rich repose and restraint of the old work but distraction and discord owing to the introduction in a solid wall of a painting wholly unrelated to its surroundings. Only dur- ing the last few years has the venerable art of glass painting been redeemed and its glories started upon the road to renewal, because its principles are understood. This excellent volume is not a treatise on glass, and much less a work in which its technique is considered. Rather it belongs to the literature and history of the subject which are of wide extent, for glass is deeply in- terwoven with the history of the mediaeval centuries and Any book reviewed may be obtained at published price from THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 47 Ø 2322222 º Good Emmº ----- Good Interior of the Guaranty Trust Company's Fifth Avenue Building, New York. ſºſ is our belief that Corbin Locks and Builders' Hardware sº are commonly regarded by bank officials and bank archi- tects throughout the country as the standard of maximum security and convenience. If this were not so, the Corbin mark of Good Hardware could not be found in so many of the fine banking offices and buildings of this country. Good buildings deserve good hardware. P S. F CORBI sh; NEW BRITAIN - - CONNECTICUT The American Hardware Corporation, Successor NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 48 THE ARCHITECTURAL FOR U M B O O K DE PARTMENT June, 1923 into the lives of the people. Mr. Sherrill is already widely known as the author of a number of works on glass, and this latest volume records a pilgrimage to old French shrines in which there still remains much such glass, in describing which there is abundant opportunity for stirring the imagination and enthusiasm of the reader. The volume will undoubtedly aid in increasing the appreciation of glass by broadening the popular knowledge of the subject. STUDIES ON BUILDING HEIGHT LIMITATIONS IN LARGE CITIES, with Special Reference to Conditions in Chicago. Com- piled by Charles M. Nichols. 299 pp., 6 x 9 ins. Price $2.50. Chicago Real Estate Board, 57 West Monroe street, Chicago. HE question of heights of buildings allowable in cities is a matter which is engaging the attention of municipalities in widely scattered cities. Boston has been considering the raising of its limit of 125 feet, and Chicago since 1892 has made various laws upon the subject without yet having reached a practical and final solution of the problem. Congestion in American cities is generally due to the small size of the area which either is or is supposed to be available for purposes of certain kinds Thus in Boston or New York the smallness of the area is due to the physical limitations of a peninsula or an island upon which the city is built, while in Chicago the area which almost alone is regarded as suitable for high class de- velopment is that within the elevated railroad “loop.” In all these cities land values in the favored districts are high, and the desire of property owners is naturally to obtain the maximum returns from their holdings, which involves building as many stories as possible from which to draw rentals. This, however, is being found to be impracticable, and would be even more so were all property owners sufficiently enterprising to de- velop their holdings with tall buildings. Already in cer- tain districts in lower New York, where narrow streets have been solidly built up with such structures, the lower floors suffer by being cut off from light and air, so that only the demand for space in the district keeps them occupied at all. Obviously, in the interest of fair- ness and the public good some solution of this problem must be found, and the question has an intimate bear- ing on zoning, transportation, congestion, and a number of other subjects which must be considered. Many causes unite to render impossible the making beautiful of an American city. Americans view with de- spair the well ordered harmony of the greater cities of Europe, which have been developed under fixed rules, but nothing of the kind can be done in America, so with harmony and beauty out of reach the next best thing is to strive for cities in which access to different parts is convenient and where the buildings are practical to work in, and upon even these utilitarian considerations the laws governing the heights of buildings play an im- portant part. This volume, prepared by the Chicago Real Estate Board, is a contribution to the work of the city's Zoning Commission. It records the history of height limitation in Chicago and reports the more recent deliberations of the committee appointed to consider it. The volume is of interest to architects, engineers, town planners, and others interested in this important subject anywhere. Collected Papers on Acoustics By WALLACE CLEMENT SABINE Late Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Harvard University N invaluable work on the subject of acoustics, embodying the result of years of experiment and research by one of the foremost authorities. Elaborately illus- trated by means of diagrams and other cuts, the volume covers the governing of acoustic conditions in buildings of widely different classes such as theaters, music halls, churches and lecture rooms, besides that large class of buildings in which insulation of sound is necessary. The work is a summing up of what has been learned of the science of acoustics. 279 pages, illustrated; 7% x 10% ins. Price $4 postpaid g ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY 142 Berkeley Street, Boston Handbook of Ornament By FRANZ SALES MEYER A book of reference for architects, being a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches. More than 3,000 illustrations of the styles of all periods and countries. 548 pages, cloth, 6 x 9 ins., 300 full page plates Price $3.60 postpaid ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY 142 Berkeley Street, Boston MODERN BUILDING SUPERINTEN- DENCE AND THE WRITING OF SPECIFICATIONS By DAVID B. EMERSON The author begins at the foundation and carries to completion an up-to-date build- ing of modern materials and constructed by present day methods. A valuable aid in the office and to the superintendent. 247 pages, bound in cloth, 4% x 7 ins. Price $1.75 postpaid ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY 142 Berkeley Street, Boston Any book reviewed may be obtained at published price from THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM jºine, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 49 ºver lººk. --rºyº. sºfºrº ...…sº º: it tº º- º:*:::::: ºf: - -- - º .. Kºš. ------- -rrºº : º tºº ****** §ººt, * $1. º } i iſ 3}} : # º | : ! % ; : # § li - # #{ {{ ; #. Napoleon Gray marble in First National : 3 Bank, South Amboy, N.J.; Holmes & §§ Winslow, Architects. Marble contractor, }; º Chas. M. Gray Marble and Slate Works. X ; : º ### 3 ºr § § | # - * {{# | ## -------- } º § º: º - ### And again in the Homestead Bank, #: # Brooklyn, N.Y.; Holmes & Winslow, ### Architects. Marble contractor, # Chas. M. Gray Marble and Slate # Works. # ###: – - - º * * * 3. : The Seacoast Trust Co., Asbury Park, #: N. J.; T. M. James the architect has de- § ; signed entirely in Bath Limestone. # | # #3 --- ; :# # Napoleon Gray Marble } - g * {{? In Recent Banks ### * ſ | 'HERE are some building materials that, because of in- : herent quality or color, are symbolic of the business f that uses them. #: Of these, Napoleon Gray marble is one, when used in : bank construction. In its color and richness of texture : are visualized the dignity and strength that a bank must Nº show in its business home. - : # If you are not of those who know or have used Napoleon º i Gray, we would be glad to send you samples and to con- : i; fer with you about it or any of the many other bank ; # marbles in our line. # # # # }} £HHCAG4D PHHILADEH.PHHA SAN FRANCISCO ºº:::::::::::::::::::::::::Agºſtºff::iº: *T*Tºº-ºº: º º E. - - - § : § § - *2+…º. --~~~~~~~~~~~ - -º-º-º- - - ** *º iº-rº- 50 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Federal Bank & Trust Company Building, Dubuque, Iowa Served by two Kaestner & Hecht “Variable Voltage Control” Elevators J. W. Royer, Urbana, Illinois, o/Architect Accepted by the Most Critical- K&H “Variable Voltage Control” Since the introduction of electricity as a motive power for elevators no single improve- ment has met such an immediate and widespread recognition and acceptance as K&H “VariableVoltage Control.” The advantages of this new method of control are so definite, so tangible and so pronounced that a single ride on a K&H “VariableVoltage Control” elevator convinces even the most critical. The cars glide up silently, swiftly and accurately to the landings—between floors speed is gathered with amazing quickness, yet without discomfort—more service per elevator is rendered—and the power consumption is lower. These were the reasons, together with the Kaestner & Hecht way of doing business, which influenced the decision of the Federal Bank & Trust Company—the same reasons that have gained for K&H ‘‘Variable Voltage Control” a national acceptance among the most discerning buyers of elevators. - Kaestner & Hecht Co. - Founded 1863 - Chicago oAsk Tour earchiteå Kaestner & Hecht Elevators BIRMIN G. H.A.M - C L E V E L AND - D A LL AS • DETROIT - INDIANA POLIS • MILWA UK E E M IN N E A POLIS - O MAHA - P ITT S B U R G H - S T. LOUIS (T^c Architecturals) 7he Library ARCHITECTURAL VOLUME XXXVIII FORUM NUMBER 6 CONTENTS for JUNE 1923 BANK REFERENCE NUMBER PLATE ILLUSTRATIONS Architect Plate LETTERPRESS Author Page State Savings Bank, Hartford The Lincoln Memorial, Washington ..............Frontispiece … Benjamin Wistar Morris 65, 66 The Editor's Forum.…. 53 Hartford-Connecticut Trust Company, Hart- - ford...................... Benjamin Wistar Morris 67, 68 The Architecture of Banks - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------- Frederick C. Hirons 253 National S Bank, Elizabeth, N. J. atlonal State Bank, Ellzabe J The Planning of Banks................ Philip Sawyer 263 Dennison & Hirons 69, 70 Elyria Savings & Trust Company, Elyria, Ohio The Layout and Equipment of Banks ---------------------------------------------- Walker & Weeks 71, 72 ..........................................................E. F. Abell 273 Security National Bank, Sheboygan, Wis. The Architect and the Banker ------------------------------------------------ Brust & Philipp 73, 74 ..................................Alexander B. Trowbridge 277 14th & Park Road Office, Riggs National Economic Considerations in Bank Planning Bank, Washington.............. George N. Ray 75 “… C. Stanley Taylor 281 First National Bank, Wichita, Kas. The Design of Bank Screens and Furniture -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Richards, McCarty & Bulford 76, 77 ............................................Charles A. Holmes 283 Excelsior Savings Bank, New York Materials for Bank Interiors ------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - Randolph H. Almiroty 78 ................................................F. A. Fairbrother 287 Suffern National Bank, Suffern, N. Y. Chestnut Hill Trust Co., Chestnut Hill, Pa. ------------------------------------------------ Alfred Hopkins 79, 80 A. H. Brockie, Architect.................................. 292 First National Bank, Wallingford, Conn. The Individual Bank Building ------------------------------------------ Holmes & Winslow 81 .................................................. Willard J. Ball 293 Seacoast Trust Company, Asbury Park, N. J. - Eliot Savings Bank, Roxbury, Mass. -------------------------------------- Thomas M. James Co. 82 Thomas M. James Co., Architects .................. 295 Farmers & Mechanics National Bank, George- - - - town, D.C......................... Marsh & Peter 83 The Lighting of Banks.................... A. L. Powell 297 - Heating and Ventilating of Banks Seattle National Bank, Seattle 85 || “… Arthur K. Ohmes 301 ---------------------------------------------- Doyle & Merriam 84, Citizens National Bank, Covington, Va. Vault Protection................ Frederick S. Holmes 305 ---------------------------------------------- Alfred C. Bossom 86 The Reduction of Noise in Banks and Offices National Exchange Bank, Augusta, Ga. … Clifford M. Swan 309 ---------------------------------------- Mowbray & Uffinger 87 Notes on Convention of American Institute of United Savings Bank, Detroit......Albert Kahn 88 Architects...................................................... 3.11 ALBERT J. MacDONALD, Editor Published Monthly by RO GERS AND MANSON COMPANY 142 Berkeley Street, Boston 17, Mass. Albert J. MacDonald, Pres, and Treas., S. Howard Myers, C. Stanley Taylor, Vice-pres., Robert Sweet, Sec. Advertising Department, 103 Park Avenue, New York Yearly Subscription, payable in advance, U.S.A., Insular Possessions and Cuba, $6.00. Canada, $6.75. Foreign Countries in the Postal Union, $7.50 Single Copies, 60 cents. All Copies Mailed Flat Trade Supplied by American News Company and its Branches. Entered as Second Class Matter, March 12, 1892, at the Post Office at Boston, Mass. Copyright, 1923, by Rogers and Manson Company 428612 52 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 O the modern Aam A money is no more than a symbol, an implied power, an obligation. It has slight attrac- tiveness in itself, the important thing being the use that can be made of it. The Bamá of 1923 holds that the wealth of a country is not in its money, but in the things that money can buy, -real estate, farm lands, homes, industrial plants, – offering em- ployment to capable executives and skilled labor. Bishopric as building material is on the same plane. It is matter made beautiful. It is Stucco, Stucco Base, Plaster Base, Insulating Base The ººspºº, tion Manual, Sweet's and for walls interior and exterior. It is a the Specification Record of the American Specification product of the laboratory. Its market is Institute are first hand sources of information on international. It is “forall time and clime.” Bºº. Commercia//y Bishopric is the integrity of /us/mess effort Our own “Specifications and //ork- ing Details,” 22 closely printed pages, is invaluable. Ask for it. Also for “All Time and Clime.” Correspondence and inquiries re- garding the use and adaptability of these building units will have intelli- gent attention. ºf pºº |STücco sºlaterproof "sHophic MF3 º' º Słºcinnarº. 9 º' The Bishopric Manufacturing Company 103 Este Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio | THE EDITORS FORUM TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION HE Committee on Public Information of the | New York Chapter, A. I. A. has established a precedent for transfer of registration from New York to other states through the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards. This will interest architects previously registered in New York without examination. By a special ex- amination, approved by the New York Registra- tion Board, some of the difficulties encountered in transfer to other states have been overcome. New York architects registered by exemption who have for more than 10 years been engaged in prac- ticing architecture should apply to the New York State Board of Examiners for what is known as the “senior examination” of the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards. Architects of less than 10 years' practice may apply to the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards for the “junior examination” if the applicant was not regis- tered by exemption in New York and the regular New York examination is not accepted by the state to which transfer is desired. Both of these classes must also apply for blanks to the Secretary of the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 64 East Van Buren street, Chicago. THE SHORT COLUMNS OF ST. PAUL’S ISTORY records many instances of the per- sistence of traditions which live on for cen- tury after century notwithstanding repeated de- nials, and light is thrown upon a tradition of some architectural interest by a communication which comes to us from Mr. A. W. Rudolph, of Altoona. “Something like two years ago many architects were interested in finding among the profusion of advertising matter that came into their offices a series of excellent imitations of antique wood cuts illustrative of bygone celebrities of the architec- tural profession. These were issued by the adver- tising bureau of a certain cement manufacturing concern which is widely known. “Among them there was, of course, a likeness of Sir Christopher Wren, accompanied by an anec- dote from his career to the effect that when the fa- mous architect submitted his plans for St. Paul's Cathedral to the church council that solemn body decided that the columns supporting the dome were too few in number and forthwith directed that the number be doubled, which the architect, without demurring, did. A century later someone made the discovery that half of the columns were just short enough to be supporting nothing. “This story, coming from some unknown but pre- sumed authority, was read by all before whose eyes it fell, and was probably accepted without question, largely on the reputation of the concern manufac- turing the product of which the series of folders was an advertisement. The writer was one of the pos- sible few who questioned the probability of the story and interested himself sufficiently to begin a cam- paign of authentication. He asked questions and wrote letters. Among those he questioned were two members of the architectural commission of a cer- tain state, who solemnly assured him that it was so, i-that they had seen it. “Answers to letters were received from the American Architect, the Architectural Record, the architectural colleges of Cornell and of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, and also from THE ARCHI- TECTURAL FORUM. None of these could offer any substantiation whatever or any authority for the story. THE FORUM considerately attached to its reply a page from The Builder, of London, contain- ing an article on ‘St. Paul's Cathedral and its Architect,' by W. R. Lethaby. He was written. “In the meantime the writer wrote the cement company under the name of which these folders were issued. A week later a reply was received from the advertising concern, which had originally issued the series of folders. The letter is quoted: “‘Your letter to the cement company was turned over to me as the man responsible for the series of architectural folders you mention. You picked the only one that I can't give you chapter and book for, incidentally the one that gave me the idea for the whole series. My mother's uncle was the resident architect for Canterbury Cathedral, and the story referred to is one that as a youngster I often heard repeated to illustrate the difficulties of an architect with lay folk. In writing the series I tried to verify the accuracy of his story, but, frankly, was never able to do so." “Following this some weeks came an answer from Mr. Lethaby: “I have heard variations of your col- umn story, but never in relation to St. Paul's. In that place it was certainly (whether told or not) never true, and I feel that it was probably a myth- ical story (possibly more interesting on that ac- count) intended to show the craftsman's compe- tence. There are other stories of a similar kind, that of the criticized sculptor, who pretended to cut away and drop dust from his hand until the critics said the result was splendid.' “Thus dissolves one of those interesting myths that inevitably attach to great names. The writer submits the story and its denouement, inasmuch as others may have felt a like interest in the anecdote.” 53 54 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 º É IIIIllulºſ D.IIIT | l_ H LITITILITIII Telesco–the partition that telescopes Not a Nail Used In Telesco Partition Showing the ease with which Telesco screwed-together par- tition is erected | 'HAT is not unless you call the little brads that hold the glass moulding, nails. Other- wise it is erected entirely with screws. We have devised and adhered to this screwed- - together construction to make Telesco easy to | | move from place to place. It is so easily done that E any carpenter or handy man can put it together or take it down with no help but a step ladder and screw driver. Partition that is nailed together has to be ripped apart. Telesco Partition comes apart, and is as flexible as a sectional book-case. It can be used again and again in different locations, without damag- ing or altering the wood. Our catalog shows the complete construction. Send for it now. al - H |Mesoveo Office PARTITION Co (v) SatNY 25 GRAND ST. CLºtuRst, New York.NY THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL, WASHINGTON HENRY BACON, F.A.I.A., ARCHITECT Mr. Bacon was presented the gold medal of the American Institute of Architects by President Harding at a ceremonial pageant on the steps of the memorial on the evening of May 18, 1923. The im- mense scale of the building may be appreciated by noting the two figures at the foot of the buttress at the left of the steps. Photo @ W. F. Roberts Co., Washington June, 1923 73 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Hºmii Tſº #!!!!EEE ſº ºffii. 1 Hijiº, Guaranty Trus! Equitable Trust Building Building New York tº New York Todd & Robertson º # º & Cross & Cross General Contractors º } - Architects How Hyman Schatz. New York'Decorator || assured dignity in these big banks WITH a world of decorative products to choose from, Mr. Hyman Schatz selected Liquid Velvet for the wall finish of the Equitable Trust Building and the Guaranty Trust Building—two of New York's largest banking institu- t1OnS. In buildings of such magnitude and char- acter, there is practically only one re- striction placed upon the decorator. The effect must have a rich, dignified appearance. fact that Liquid Velvet can be washed and kept spotless, was just one more ar- gument in its favor. Liquid Velvet is an oil enamel that dries to a smooth, even surface. It presents a restful area to the eye. It may be applied to practically any wallor wood surface. It does not crumble or disintegrate. Every gradation of tint- ing shade is immediately available—all delicate, washable tints. Greatersatisfaction can be assured your clients From experience, Mr. Schatzknew that Liquid Velvet would harmo- nize perfectly with the interior scheme—and he also knew that its durability would re- Specify Master Varnish wherever varnish is to be used Master Varnish is now the accepted finish for all uses both interior and exterior. It will stand any test that any other varnish will stand and many that no other var- nish can stand. Specify Mas- ter Varnish for best results. for whom you are de- signing banks, offices, public buildings, if you will specify Liquid Vel- vet, used with such superb advantage in Mr. Schatz' work. Write for full details, samples dound to his credit. The and color charts. O'Brien Varnish Company 1228 Washington Avenue South Bend, Indiana the S --- s -------o -- a--- w : 22222222 ſº: ---------------. urface and º lº zzzzzzzz! --------------- 74 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 º º º %. º §§ ºš 'º' §º Symbolism in Wood W WOOD is by religious tradition and his- toric association the ideal material for the church interior. It is sufficiently re- sponsive to permit the widest artistic ex- pression, from the symbolism of intricate design to the sculpturing of the human form itself. Its cost is within reason. It is adaptable to the small house of worship as A Memorial Triple Prie-Dieu - well as the large, and to simple settings as well as the more pretentious. To whatever extent wood may be used in the adornment or furnishing of the church Hurtiſan Statiuſ, Company edifice, from altar settings to pews and seating, our Wood Carving Studios are NEW YORK CHICAGO Boston equipped by long years of experience to 620-119 W. 40th St. 1094 Lytton Bldg. 79 Canal St. be of service. The Real Test of a Varnish (1) Howlong willitwear? (2) How far will it go? (3) What kind of finish does it give? Martin's 100% Pure Var- nishmeetsalloftherequire- ments of the most rigid var- nish tests. And simply be- cause it is made of the best and purest of mate- rials that money can buy. No better varnish can be made than Martin's 100% Pure. 0 20W fºſſ)0%PJREWARNISMEs GM/GAGO June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 75 LUXE BERRY WOOD FINISH NOW MADE IN DULL R A C T E. R. “One of the most noteworthy of Berry Brothers' recent achievements has been the production of Luxeberry Wood Finish in dull tone,” says the Luxeberry Painter. “This remarkable finish is the original Hard Oil made lusterless and mellow. It enables me to give fine wall panel- ing and other interior woodwork a deep satinlike tone without rubbing. “Dull Luxeberry gives character to a room. It produces a harmonious atmosphere for fine old tapestries and antique furniture. It enables the architect to meet prevailing requirements for dull finish without increasing labor costs or sacrificing quality. “I know that Dull Luxeberry Wood Finish is the finest finish an architect can specify or a dealer recommend. Ask Berry Brothers to send you finished panels, samples and complete information. You will be amazed at what can be accomplished with the brush alone.” BERRY BROTHERQ. Varnishes Enamels Stains Detroit, Mich. Walkerville, Ont. 76 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 The leading Architects of the country are now specifying 23|aniz; Warnishes and Enamels If you are still unfamiliar with the unusual merits of these high-grade products WRITE TO-DAY for our FREE set of architectural drawings. BOSTON WARNISH COMPANY EVERETT STATION, BOSTON 49, MASS., U. S. A. Chicago Office and Warehouse : 519 W. Roosevelt Road San Francisco Office and Warehouse : 1151 Mission Street FRENCH'S PEERLESS MORTAR COLORS Write us for Descriptive Booklet and Color Card, the Original PULP Mortar Colors Samuel H. French & Company PHILADELPHIA Established 1844 Incorporated 1920 | f W Hy | 2–S |. | R RIPOLIN º: º, nºt ݺ J. ºlº. º | º *T* tº | - | | | º: \! : º yº. ſ - *...* 'Iſſy", %. .." | º: . cº | * - E-III-III. | ||| º/ ! - ſ\º 1 - This design is the identification mark for genuine Ripolin Enamel. All Europe knows this famous trade mark. The secret process of making Ripolin was discovered in Holland thirty years ago. Since that time Ripolin has been used throughout the civilized world. DIXON?S SILICA-GRAPHITE PAINT consists of the pigment, flake silica-graphite and the vehicle, pure boiled linseed oil. This pigment is inert, aids in preserving the - original elasticity of the vehicle, increases the N thickness of the paint film, and has long life. The vehicle, linseed oil, cannot be equaled by any other substance. This combination of pigment and vehicle re- sults in a paint that will put off the necessity of repainting for the longest period of time and lower your cost of paint upkeep. Write for Booklet No. 224-B JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO. JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY Established 1827 %5 ONS Q 50GA. J. silica-gnarº PAINT o stpH pixon caucleut c - JO JER5ty city *w.usºl) June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM sºº. C%A. º º º ; : -§>< Sº º T ( | :§º : jº N t gº tº @ſº ** - º - º > º - º - gº Errºr 2% Sºº-º-exº--->-º-º-º- ***** *- a" ñº Sº sº º * - ğ."º. LONDON GUARANTEE & ACCIDENT BUILDING §º ºś CHICAGO, ILL. - -- ~~~~~~~- A. S. Alschuler IIT º Architect #º. ºt Cabinet Contractors The London Guarantee and Accident Building is but one of the five largest buildings in Chicago, just completed or under construc- tion, in which Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products were used or will be used. The other buildings are: Chicago Temple Bldg., Holabird & Roche, Architects. Illinois Merchants' Trust Bldg., Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Architects. Burlington Bldg., Marshall & Fox, Architects. Michigan Boulevard Bldg., Jarvis Hunt, Architect. Surely, such almost universal preference is indicative of the dependable quality architects find in Vitralite, the Long-Life Ename/, “61” Floor Varnish and “38” Preservative Varnish. Throughout the United States and Canada, Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products are accorded the same recognition. The Architectural Service Departments at New York, Buffalo, Chicago and Bridgeburg, Ontario, are prepared to answer queries on wood finishing matters. PRATT & LAMBERT-INc., 122 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N.Y. PRATT &y LANIBERT VARN ISH PRODUCTS ſº sº º2. | ººº r. §| i : : ſº 78 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 TT UNRWERSAs. Steel Case men fs If you contemplate building a new bank or remodelling an old, we suggest that you investigate Crittall Steel Casements. They are designed by master craftsmen and built by hand to meet every require. ment for grace, elegance and utility. Illustrated here is an interior view of a Crittall installation in the Wayne County and Home Savings Bank, Detroit, Mich., Albert Kahn, Architect— CRITTALL CASEMENT WINDOW CO. - Manufacturers - DETROIT June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Z. PURE-The New Jersey Zinc Com- pany’s French Process Green Seal Zinc Oxide ground in highly refined linseed oil. BEAUTIFUL–Makes a white paint that is white and that stays white. Permits of purer tints where color is wanted. RELIABLE-Ground only in accord- ance with specifications of The New Jersey Zinc Company by licensed paint manufacturers. 3ific &i *nºt* M. s ºrraine, suppº" meaten tº - al *seaſºn, ºr made AJGAZ makes white paint stay white 0i, º Matº ECONOMICAL–Makes paint go farther and last longer. Retards chalk- ing, reduces fading tendencies, pro- duces a smooth, hard film that dust and dirt will not adhere to and that will not crack or peel. WORKABLE –Breaks down without effort, mixes quickly with other paint pastes, applies easily. HARMLESS—Absolutely safe for painters to use under all conditions. ARCHITECTS. To give your work lasting protection and beauty write Mapaz into your painting specifications. the Master Painters Supply Company, Inc., 160 Front Street, New York, for Mapaz formulas for all work. Write (Žič THE NEW JERSEY ZINC COMPANY ew Jers 111C) 80 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Building in 1923 %3A ºILLIONS of dollars of new construction work is §: planned for 1923, further to remedy the nation- wide building shortage. This means business for the architectural profession, after the construction pro- jects are financed. Fº £, S. W. Straus & Co. stand ready to aid in such financing. We are always in the market for sound construction loans in amounts of $200,000 up, to finance office buildings, apartment buildings, and similar structures. - We suggest that you write today for the booklet which we have prepared especially for architects, outlining the Straus Plan of financing in full detail. Ask for BOOKLET F S.W. STRAUS & CO. Esta BLISHED 1882 y OFFICES IN FORTY CITIES y IN CORPORATED NEW YORK C H I C A G O Straus Building Straus Building Fifth Ave. at 46th St. . º * Clark & Madison Sts. SAN FRANCISCO-79 Post Street 41 YEARS WITHOUT LOSS TO ANY INVESTOR © 1923–S. W. S. & Co. SERVICE of THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Information on economic aspects of construction and direct service for architects on subjects allied to building, through members of THE FORUM Consultation Committee SECTION The Building Situation reached that chaotic condition which has been anticipated as the result of a tremen- dous early buying movement. A glance at the chart below will indicate the large volume of actual and anticipated building commitments during the early months of this year. Normally the month of April shows a seasonal increase of from 15 to 25 per cent over March. This year, according to Dodge Reports, April has shown only a 7 per cent increase. A partial reason for this is the fact that contracts were rushed through earlier than usual in anticipation of the great de- mand for materials and equipment. Another reason is the beginning of the expected “buyers' strike.” Some curtailment of activity is of course necessary under the operation of supply and demand. At the same time, some of the efforts to curb building by deliberate campaigns of discouragement through publicity channels tend to create a panic among prospective building and loaning interests. Nº. the end of May the situation has It is logical to believe that we are now close to the price peak. The most difficult periods of labor negotiations have been passed for the year with much less difficulty than had been expected. At certain points in the country, such as New York, a deliberate program of abandoning large building projects has been undertaken, and all signs point to a decreasing demand for materials and labor suf- ficient to relieve the pressure which has been forc- ing the cost trend upward. Shipping conditions for materials have improved greatly. Carload lots which in some cases have been expected through on a four- to five-week basis are arriving in two weeks, although dependence cannot be placed entirely on delivery schedules. Mortgage money shows signs of curtailment, and a very conservative attitude is evident, due to high costs. Contractors are re- fusing to guarantee the time of completion on large building projects, and for this reason there have been a number of withdrawals of important service and investment buildings. ANNUAL CHANGES MONTHLY CHANGEJ 1922 1923 1915 1916 .1917 1918 1919 192O 1921. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOW DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOW DEC. contº MPIATE) conſ. TRUCTION 25O. Aſ HIGHEJT ON REqory 25O Al BUILDING CDJſſ 2CO ...:"A \ common ITY INDEX 2OO // \ *:::: º - 15O A. ** = --------- - -II--L----------ºf----- *z --- 5O / // - f * º tool/ºf A. f 1OO On *D DOLLARJ IN *...* *O º: MILL ) (DNJ’ O 4 sºlº º 2OOKDOOCDOO Jºf T — - º Q A 5OO S. w” 3. ONº. $. 3. | 15OCDOOCDOO Jºf T. # * § 3. º / 4CO º ~ OF_1}^ & 2" > §- F º C 8 | Ay Nº. 7 - & Nº- L-T ----- 5CCDOOCDOO JGPFT * M .C * -- ***"º "Nº"; "-ºl"----...--->4:--. NL^ -- 2Oolºr | Usiºr Tºur l O - ---" 1OO Tº: various important factors of change in the building situation are recorded in the chart given here: (1) Building Costs. This includes the cost of laborandmaterials; the index point is a composite of all available reports in basic materials and labor costs under national averages. (2) Commodity Index. Index figure determined by the United States Department of Commerce. (3) Money Value of Contemplated Construction. Value of buildings for which plans have been filed based on reports of the United States Chamber of Commerce, F. W. Dodge Co., and Engineering News-Record. (4) Money Value of New Construction. Total valu- ation of all contracts actually let. The dollar scale is at the right of the chart in millions. (5) Square Foot Area of New Construc- tion. The measured volume of new buildings. The square foot measure is at the left of the chart. The variation of distances between the value and volume lines represents a square foot cost which is determined first, by the trend of building costs, and second, by the quality of construction. 81 82 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 2 S Ž Quality is the Best Assurance of Satisfaction | ||| | McCabe No. 5 Elevator Door Hanger | ||| | - is made, sold and used on the basis of II III. I. its high quality. || || || | It is simple in construction-smooth II III II || and silent in operation—and is made | of the best of materials to insure long TE Wear. Because of its simplicity it is produced at a cost low enough to justify its use in all types of buildings. Architects and Engineers have for years recognized the dependability of º McCabe products, and specify our No. 5 Fº ELEVATOR DOOR HANGER on with McCabe No. 5 Hangers Banks, Apartments and Office Build- ings throughout the country. Write for our “Blue Book and Detail Set” N/[G CAE, IE HANGER NMANUFACTURING COMPANY 425-27 West 25th St. New York, N. Y. 2 N N 4 June, 1923 83 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION 2 N Selected List of Manufacturers' Literature FOR THE SERVICE OF ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, DECORA TORS, AND CONTRACTORS The publications listed in these columns are the most important of those issued by leading manufacturers identified with the building industry. They may be had without charge, unless otherwise noted, by applying on your business stationery to The Architectural Forum, 142 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass., or the manufacturer direct, in which case kindly mention this publication. N ACOUSTICS Johns-Manville, Inc., Madison Ave. & 41st St., New York, N.Y. . Architectural Acoustics. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Treatise on the correction of architectural acoustics in churches, schools, hospitals, office buildings and other places. ASH HOISTS-ELECTRIC AND HAND POWER Gillis & Geoghegan, 544 West Broadway, New York, N.Y. . . - General Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 20 pp. Fully illustrated. Contains speci- fications in two forms (with manufacturer's name and without). Detail 34" scale for each telescopic model and special material- handling section. - The Man-Saving Load Lifter, 5% x.8% in. 8 pp. Illustrated. De- scribes G&G Telescopic and Non-Telescopic Hoists for handling material in factories. BATHROOM ACCESSORIES The Fairfacts Company, 234 West 14th St., New York, N. Y. Catalog F 4 x 9 in. 12 pp. Illustrated. Describes full line of china fit- tings for bathrooms. The Perfect Bathroom. Booklet. 4 x 9 in. 12 pp. Illustrated. Shows full line, Biltin and Projecting Types, installed. For architects and clients. BOILERS–See Heating Equipment BRICK American Face Brick Association, 1751 Peoples Life Bldg., Chicago, The Story of Brick. Third Edition. Booklet. 7 x 994 in. 55 pp. Illus- trated. Presents the merits of face brick from structural and artistic standpoints. Tables of comparative costs. The Home of Beauty. Fourth Edition. Book. 8 x 10 in. 72 pp. Color plates. Presents fifty designs for small face brick houses submitted in national competition by architects. Text by Aymar Embury II. Architect. Price 50c. Bungalow and Small House Plans. Booklets. 8% x 11 in. 50 pp. Illustrated. Four booklets, showing a variety of designs for small face-brick houses, covering 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 room houses. Price, 25c. each, $1 for the set. A Manual of Face-Brick Construction. Booklet. 834 x 11 in. Text- book on construction of the brick wall and various uses of face brick. 31 colored plates of brick houses with plans. Price, $1.00. Architectural Details in Brickwork. Series 1, 2, 3.8% x 11 in. Very useful to the architect or draftsman. Sent free to architects applying on their office stationery. To others $1.50. B. Mifflin Hood Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga. Burned Clay Products. Booklet. 9% x 12% in. 47 pp. Illustrated. Shows different uses of brick, but presents particularly the various uses of quarrie floor tile. Free to architects and engineers. BUILDING FINANCE S.W. Straus & Co., 565 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. The Straus Plan of Financing. Booklet, 8 x 6 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Describes Straus system of co-operation with Architects, Builders, Engineers and Brokers in financing important building operations: alsº the making of construction loans on the larger and better prop- erties in our large cities. Forty-one Years Without Loss to Any Investor. Booklet. 8 x 5 in. 38 pp. Illustrated. A carefully prepared booklet for the thinking investor. Describes Straus bonds, the property upon which loans are made, and explains the Straus plan of safeguards which made possible the 41-year record. BUILDING STONE–See Stone, Building BUILDINGS, STANDARD STEEL Truscon Steel Company, 250 W. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich. Truscon Standard Buildings. Catalog.8% x 11 in. 48 pp. Contains data and illustrations. BUILDINGS, STEEL PRODUCTS FOR Truscon Steel Company, 250 W. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich. Truscon Data Book. Catalog. 3% x 6 in. 128 pp. illustrated. Contains complete information with illustrations on Truscon reinforcing steel, steel windows, metal lath, standard buildings, concrete inserts, steeſ joists, pressed steel stampings and chemical products. CEMENT Carney Company, The, Mankato, Minn. Booklet. 8 x 10 in 24 pp. Illustrated. Complete information on product, showing prominent buildings in which this cement has been used. Louisville Cement Co., 315 Guthrie St., Louisville, Ky. Brixment. Booklet. 7% x 5 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Brixment, what it is, what it does, how it does it and why. Sandusky Cement Co., Dept. F, Cleveland, Ohio. Medusa White Portland Cement, Stainless. Booklet. 834 x 11 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. Medusa Waterproof White Portland Cement. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Medusa Review. 6 x 9 in 18 pp. Illustrated. House organ issued bi- monthly. CONDUIT National Metal Molding Co., 1113 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bulletin of all National Metal Molding Products. In correspondence folder. 9% x 11% in. Sherarduct. Circular. 5 x 8 in. Illustrated. Flexsteel. Circular. 5 x 8 in. Illustrated. CONSTRUCTION, FIREPROOF National Fire Proofing Co., 250 Federal St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Standard Fire Proofing Bulletin 171. 834 x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. A treatise on fire proof floor construction. -- - - Northwestern Expanded Metal Co., 934 Old Colony Building, Chicago, Ill. Fireproof. Construction. Catalog. 6 x 9 in 72 pp. Illustrated. Hand- book of practical suggestions for architects and contractors. Describ- ing Nemco Expanded Metal Lath. - Fireproof Construction. Handbook. 6 x 9 in. 72 pp. Illustrated. Describ- ing Kno-Burn expanded metal lath. DAMPPROOFING Sonneborn Sons, Inc., L., 116 Fifth Ave., New York. - Specification Sheet. 8% x 11 inches. Description and specifications of compounds for dampproofing interior and exterior surfaces. DECORATIVE TILES The Rookwood Pottery Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. - - Halftone reproductions and photographic prints showing various tile treatments. 9% x 11% in. DOORS AND TRIM, METAL The American Brass Company, Waterbury, Conn. Illustrated pamphlet describing use and adaptability of Extruded Architectural Bronze Shapes for metal window frames, doors, grilles, counter screens, etc. The Compound & Pyrono Door Company, St. Joseph, Mich. Pyrono Handbook for Architects and Contractors. 8% X 11 in. 16 pp. Contains full information regarding Pyrono Fireproof Veneered Doors and Trim, with complete details and specifications. Pyrono details in sheet form for tracing. Dahlstrom Metallic Door Company, 425 Buffalo Street, Jamestown, N. Y. Architectural Catalog. 10 x 14 in. 46 pp. 11 sections. Illustrated. Cata- log showing our regular styles and types of hollow metal doors and interior trim. Various types of frames and other architectural shapes also illustrated. Architectural Portfolio. 14 x 18 in. 30 pp. Illustrated. Portfolio of various designs and types of Dahlstrom doors. Drawings and details of each style or type. This is only sent free to reliable archi- tects. Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Co., Aurora, Ill. Fire Doors and Hardware. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 64 pp. Illustrated. Describes entire line of tin-clad and corrugated fire-doors, complete with automatic closers, track hangers and all the latest equipment— all approved and labeled by Underwriters’ Laboratories. The J. G. Wilson Corporation, 8 West 40th St., New York, N. Y. Rolling. Doors and Shutters. Book.8% x 11% in. 80 pp. Illustrated. A handbook for engineers and architects, showing details, dimensions and photographs of installations. DRAFTING MATERIALS American Lead Pencil Company, 220 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. VENUS Pencil in Mechanical Drafting. Booklet C20. 6 x 9 in 16 pp. Illustrated. Describes the many possibilities of the VENUS for technical drawing. Catalog. 3% x 8% in. 25 pp. Illustrated. Describes pencils, holders, erasers, etc. DUMBWAITERS Kaestner & Hecht Co., Chicago, Ill. Bulletin 520. Describes K. & H. Co. electric dumbwaiters. 8 pp. Sedgwick Machine Works, 151 West 15th Street, New York. Catalog and Service Sheets, Standard specifications, plans and prices for various types, etc. 494 x 834 in. 60 pp. Illustrated. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Frink, Inc., I. P., 24th Street and 10th Avenue, New York, N. Y. Catalog 415.8% x 11 in. 46 pp. Photographs and scaled cross sec- tions, Specialized bank lighting, screen and partition reflectors, double and single desk reflectors and Polaralite Signs. General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. Wires and Cables. Booklet. 8 x 10% in. 85 pp. Illustrated. Four bulle- fins in a binder, describing wires and cables in general, conductors insulated with vulcanized rubber compound, varnished cambric and paper insulated cables, splicing materials and junction boxes for cable installations, armored cables. Electric Fans. Folder. 6 pp. 394 x 6 in. Illustrated. Describes 1922 line of electric fans, giving catalog numbers, voltages and fre- quencies. Reliable Wiring Devices. Catalog. 3 x 4% in. 206 pp. Illustrated. Pocket catalog giving prices, schedule classifications and data for socket receptacles, switches, rosettes, cutouts and fuses for mis- cellaneous devices. Lighting of Public Buildings. Bulletin. 6 x 9 in. 25 pp. Illustrated. Describes lighting of galleries, banks, museums, libraries, municipal, county and state buildings. N 4 84 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION June, 1923 % N % SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS' N PUBLICATIONS — Continued from page 83 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT – Continued Hart & Hegeman Mfg. Co., 342 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn. A new H & H Switch. Leaflet. 3% x 6 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. Illus- ...; a new H & H composition base push switch of DeLuxe quality. Tumbler Switches. Booklet. 3% x 6 in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Shows com- plete line of H & H. Tumbler Switches. H & H Elexits. Booklet. 8 x 1094 in. Illustrated. Shows new complete line of Elexits—places for lights. May be used for Wall Receptacles or Electric Fixtures. H & H Radio Button Push Switches. Booklet, 3% x 6 in. Illustrated. Radio Luminous Buttons applied to Push Switches and Sockets. The Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co., Amory St., Boston 19, Mass. Signaling Systems for Hospitals. Brochure. 8% x 11 in, 42 pp. Illus- trated. Contains complete data covering Nurse's Call, Doctor's Call, “In’’ and “Out,” Fire Alarm, Watchman's Clock and Telephone Systems. Signaling Systems for Schools. Brochure. 8% x 11 in. 47 pp. Illustrated. Contains complete data covering Telephone Systems, Program Bells, Fire-Alarm Systems, Low Tension Power Plant and Laboratory Equipment. Kohler Co., Kohler, Wis. Kohler Automatic Power and Light 110 Volt D. C. Booklet. 5 x 7 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describes a standard voltage automatic, electric power and light plant for isolated homes. Simplex Wire & Cable Co., 201 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass. Simplex Manual Catalog and reference book. 634 x 434 in. 92 pp. Contains in addition to information regarding Simplex products, tables and data for the ready reference of architects, electrical engi- neers and contractors. Specification No. 2053. For Simcore Wires and Cables. Various sizes of Conductor-Rubber Insulation. Standard Electric Time Co., Springfield, Mass. Catalog of Standard Electric Time Systems. No. 35.8% x 6 in. 58 pp. Illustrated. Shows all types of Standard Electric Time Devices, with full information about mechanism, construction, design and in- stallation. School Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. Describes completely the use of Standard Electric Time, Program and Signal Systems in schools. References included. Industrial Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 12 pp. Illustrated. Describes use of Standard Electric equipment in industrial establishments, with refer- ences. Data. Folder for Architects, 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Looseleaf folder, to be added to from time to time, giving specifications and wiring diagrams and other useful data. Varnum Door Engine Company,949 West 16th St., Los Angeles, Calif. Varnum Electric Door Engines. Booklet. 5 x 734 in. 16 pp. Illus- trated. Descriptive booklet containing illustrations and list of representative institutions now using Varnum Door Engines. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Switches. Folder F-4434 B. 3% x 6 in. 2 pp. The 100% Safe Service Entrance Switch. Meter Service Switches. Booklet. F-4484. 3% x 6 in. 16 pp. Panel Boards. Catalog 22A, 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. wº Fans Are For. Booklet F-4520. 3% x 6 in. 16 pp. Illustrated in color. ELEVATORS Kaestner & Hecht Co., Chicago, Ill. Bulletin 500. Contains 32 pp. Giving general information on passenger elevators for high buildings. Bulletin 530. Interlocks for Passenger and Freight Elevators. Bulletin. Signals for Passenger and Freight Elevators. Otis Elevator Company, 11th Ave. & 26th Street, New York, N. Y. Otis Push Button Controlled Elevators. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 56 pp. Illustrated. Detailed description of Otis Push Button Elevators. Their uses in residences, stores, institutions, apartment houses, business offices and banks, etc. Otis Geared and Gearless Traction Elevators of All Types. Descriptive leaflets. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Full details of machines, motors and controllers for these types. Escalators. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 22 pp. Illustrated. Describes use of escalators in subways, department stores, theaters and industrial buildings. Also inclined elevators and dock elevators. Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Co., Aurora, Ill. Elevators. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Describes com- plete line of “Ideal” elevator-door hardware and checking devices, also automatic safety devices. Sedgwick Machine Works, 151 West 15th Street, New York. Catalog and descriptive pamphlets. 434 x 8% in. 70 pp. Illustrated. Descriptive pamphlets on hand power freight elevators, sidewalk elevators, automobile elevators, etc. FENCES The Stewart Iron Works Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Book of Designs “B.” 9 x 12 in. 80 pp. Illustrated. Book of designs illustrated from photographs of ornamental iron fence and entrance gates erected by us. Valuable to architects. FIRE DOORS–See Doors, Windows and Trim, Metal FIREPLACE EQUIPMENT Covert Co., H. W., 137 E. 46th Street, New York, N. Y. Hints on Fireplace Construction. Catalog. 5% x 8% in. 11 pp. Illus- trated. Diagrams of construction and installation of Covert “Im- proved” and “Old Style” Dampers and Smoke Chambers. Also illustrations of Covert brass and wrought iron Fireplace Fittings. FIREPROOFING—See also Construction, Fireproof The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Fireproofing Handbook. 64 pp. 834 x 11 in. Illustrated. Gives methods of construction, specifications, data on Herringbone metal lath, steel tile, Trussit solid partitions, steel lumber, self-sentering form- less concrete construction. FLOOR HARDENERS General Chemical Company, 40 Rector Street, New York City. Hard-n-tyte Engineering Service. Booklet. 16 pp. 7% x 10% in. De- scribes Hard-n-tyte and its uses in connection with surface treatments of concrete with illustrations of specific applications. The Hard-n-tyte Specification. Folder. 2 pp. 734 x 10% in. Gives exact specifications for concrete floor finish. Sample Bond. 9 x 14% in. Duplicate of Five Year Guaranty Bond fur- nished on floors treated with Hard-n-tyte. FLOOR HARDENERS (CHEMICAL) Sonneborn Sons, Inc., L., 116 Fifth Ave., New York. - Lapidolith, the liquid chemical hardener. Complete sets of specifica- tions for every building type in which concrete floors are used, with descriptions and results of tests. FLOORING Armstrong Cork & Insulation Co., 132 24th Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Linotile Floors. Catalog. 6 x 9 in. 40 pp. Color plates. Describes Lino- tile, a composition of ground cork, wood flour, linseed oil and various gums and pigments in tile form. - Armstrong's Cork Tile. Revised Edition. Booklet. 24 pp. 5 x 7 in. Illustrated in color. Contains complete specifications. Armstrong Cork Co. (Linoleum Dept.), Lancaster, Pa. Armstrong's Linoleum Floors. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 54 pp. Color plates. A technical treatise on linoleum, including table of gauges and weights and specifications for installing linoleum floors. Decorative Floors. Booklet. 1134 x 15 in. 16 pp. Color plates. Arm- strong's Linoleum Pattern Book, 1923. Catalog. 3% x 6 in 168 pp. Color plates. Reproductions in color of all patterns of linoleum and cork carpet in the Armstrong line. Quality Sample Book. Three books. 3% x 5% in. Showing all gauges and thicknesses in the Armstrong line of linoleum and cork carpets. Detailed Directions for Laying and Caring for Linoleum. Handbook, 5 x 7 in. 48 pp. Instructions for linoleum layers and others interested in learning most satisfactory methods of laying and taking care of linoleum. Business Floors. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrated in color. Explains use of linoleum for offices, stores, etc., with reproductions in color of suitable patterns, also specifications and instructions for laying. Carter Bloxonend Flooring Co., Long Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Bloxonend Flooring. Booklet. 334 x 694 in. 20 pp. 111ustrated. Describes uses and adaptability of Bloxonend Flooring to concrete, wood or steel construction, and advantages over loose wood blocks. Specification Sheet. 4 pp. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Standard Specifica- tions in convenient form for Architects and Engineers. Lateral Nailing Specification. Folder. 8% x 334 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. Shows how this method of nailing eliminates embedded sleepers, wood sub-floor or nailing strips. What's in a Name? Folder. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Enumerates advan- tages of a heavy service flooring that lays smooth and stays smooth. The Marbleloid Co., 461 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. The Universal Flooring for Modern Buildings. Booklet. 634 x 994 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describes uses and contains specifications for Marbleloid flooring, base, wainscoting, etc. Marbleloid Flooring for Hospitals. Bulletin. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illus- trated. Describes the especial features of this composition floor for hospital buildings. Marbleloid Specifications. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. Marbleloid Flooring for Schools. Bulletin. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illus- trated. Describes special features of this composition floor for school buildings. Muller Co., Franklyn R., Waukegan, Ill. Asbestone Composition Flooring. Circulars. 8% x 11 in. Descrip- tion and Specifications. The Nairn Linoleum Company, 179 Belgrove Drive, Kearny, N. J. Linoleum. Booklet. 5% x 8% in. 68 pp. Illustrated in color. Repro- ductions in color of Inlaid, Printed, Plain and Battleship Lino- leum; also Cork Carpets and Felt Base Floor Coverings. Stedman Products Company, South Braintree, Mass. Six-page folder. 8% x 10% in., illustrated in colors, giving complete description of Stedman Naturized Flooring, Tiles, Wainscoting, San- itary Bases, Stair Treads, etc. Technical data, recommendations, and special flooring service. FURNACES-See Heating Equipment FURNITURE American Seating Co., 14 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Ars Ecclesiastica. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 48 pp. Illustrations of church fitments in carved wood. Theatre Chairs. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrations of theatre chairs. Hampton Shops, 18 East 50th St., New York, N. Y. Glimpses from Hampton Exhibits. Brochure. 16 pp. 5 x 7% in. Illus- trated. Shows examples of Hampton work and gives one an idea º: their resources. Of interest to the client as well as to the archi- ect. Kensington Mfg. Company, 14 East 32nd St., New York, N. Y. Photographs and full description of hand-made furniture in all the period styles furnished promptly in response to a specific inquiry. Illustrated booklet indicative of the scope, character and decorative quality of Kensington furniture mailed on request. Mahogany Association, Inc., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Antique of Tomorrow. Booklet. 3 x 6 in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Shows the advantages of buying genuine mahogany furniture today—it is “the antique of tomorrow.” Chippendale and Mahogany. Booklet. 3% x 8% in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Directions, with diagrams, for selecting Chippendale furniture. Interesting and instructive. Mahogany in Colonial Days. Booklet: 4 x 12 in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Describes use of mahogany in New England, Dutch and Southern Colonial forms of furniture. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 85 ANACONDA ARCHITECTURAL BRONZE Extruded or Drawn Shapes and Mouldings º º º ºg Bank Screen for Astor Trust Co., New York City, Charles E. Birge, Architect. Fabricated by the Gorham Co., Architec- tural Bronze Department, from extruded mouldings and shapes manufactured by The American Brass Company. B B -] Cast Panels C %" SCALE, ELEVATION OF COUNTER SCREEN & DOOR- EXTRUDED SECTIONS - if – - 4. A Ea | 3' scº PLAN WICKET. & FRAME 44 § PLAN OF DOOR.JAMB | SECTION"D-D" THE AMERICAN ANACONDA Bronze Shapes are espe- cially suited for counter screens, doors, elevator enclosures and for interior and exterior metal trimmings in general. Prominent manufacturers of ornamental con- struction who use Anaconda Shapes: Art Metal Construction Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Baldwin Brass Works, Chicago, Ill. Albert E. Coleman, Chicago, Ill. Flour City Ornamental Iron Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Gorham Mfg. Company, Providence, R. I. J. S. Heath Company, Waukegan, Ill. Hecla Iron Works, Brooklyn, N.Y. Howell, Field & Goddard, Inc., Long Island City, N. Y. William H. Jackson Company, Brooklyn, N.Y. Liberty Architectural Bronze Works, Brooklyn, N.Y. David Lupton Sons Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Michaels Art Bronze Company, Covington, Ky. National Bronze Corporation, New York, N. Y. Penn Brass & Bronze Works, Brooklyn, N.Y. John Polachek Bronze & Iron Co., Long Island City, N.Y. Reliance Fire-proof Door Co., Brooklyn, N.Y. Tiffany Studios, Corona, L.I., N. Y. W. S. Tyler Company, Cleveland, Ohio Van Doorn Company, Quincy, Ill. Wisconsin Iron & Wire Works, Milwaukee, Wis. Canadian Gen. Elec. Arch. Bronze & Iron Works, Toronto, Ont., Can. Dennis Iron & Wire Works, London, Ont., Can. Robert Mitchell Company, Montreal, Quebec, Can. The Technical Department of The American Brass Company will be pleased to cooperate with architects who are contemplating the use of ornamental bronze. BRASS COMPANY General Offices: Waterbury, Conn. Offices and Agencies in the Principal Cities MILLS AND FACTORIES: Ansonia, Conn., Torrington, Conn., Waterbury, Conn., Buffalo, N.Y., Kenosha, Wis. In Canada: ANACONDA AMERICAN BRASS LIMITED, New Toronto, Ontario 86 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION June, 1923 2 i SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS PUBLICATIONS.–Continued from page 84 GLASS CONSTRUCTION Mississippi Wire Glass, 220 Fifth Avenue, New York. Mississippi Wire Glass. Catalog. 3% x 8% in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Covers the complete line. Plate Glass Mfrs. of America. First National Bank Bldg., Pitts- burgh, Pa. - Plate Glass. Booklet. 5% x 994 in. 12 pp. Describes manufacture and use of plate glass, with sizes. GRANITE–See Stone, Building HARDWARE The American Pulley Company, 4200 Wissahickon Ave., Philadel- phia, Pa. - Sash Pulleys of Pressed. Metal. Booklet, 7% x 5% in 44 pp: Illus- trafed. Contains description of pressed metal sash pulley, with com- plete dimensions and style numbers for finishes and trade name. Cutler Mail Chute Company, Rochester, N. Y. Cutler Mail Chute Model F. Booklet. 4 x 994 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. McCabe Hanger Manufacturing Company, 425 West 25th St., New ork, N. Y. Elevator Door Hangers. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. Descrip- tive booklet showing different types of elevator door hangers. Full size details sent upon request. - Special Folding & Accordion Door Hangers. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. Booklet with complete description of various types of folding and accordion door hangers. Full size details upon request. McKinney Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. - McKinney Complete Garage Hardware Sets. Catalog. 634 x 10 in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Describes full line of complete garage hardware sets for all kinds of entrances, with views of typical entrances and sketches. - McKinney Hinges and Butts. General Catalog. 634 x 10 in. Illustrates and describes complete line of McKinney wrought builders' hardware products, including hinges, butts, door hangers and track, latches, garage hardware and specialties. Vonnegut Hardware Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Von Duprin Self-Releasing Fire Exit Devices. Catalog. 12F. 8 x 11 in. 41 pp. Illustrated. - - “Saving Lives.” Booklet. 33.4 x 6 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. A brief outline why Self-Releasing Fire Exit Devices should be used. HEATING EQUIPMENT American District Steam Company, North Tonawanda, N. Y. Adsco Heating. Bulletin No. 158.6% x 9% in 16 pp. Illustrated. De- scribes Adsco System of Atmospheric Steam Heating, its principle and operation. - - Catalog No. 21-AF. 6 x 9 in. 200 pp. Illustrated. Lists and describes the full line of equipment and devices manufactured for use on underground and interior steam mains, expansion joints, steam meters, condensation meters, traps, flange fittings, angle fittings, manhole curbs, alignment guides, etc. Clarage Fan Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. - Catalog No. 52.8% x 11 in. 84 pp. Illustrated. Describes Clarage Kalamazoo Multiblade Fans and Heaters for use in schools, churches, hospitals and industrial plants. Engineering data, capacity tables and dimensions included. James B. Clow & Sons, 534 S. Franklin Street, Chicago, Ill. Gasteam. Catalog. 6 x 9 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. New radiator using gas for fuel. Excelso Specialty Works, 119 Clinton St., Buffalo, N. Y. -- - Excelso Water Heater. Booklet. 12 pp. 3 x 6 in. Illustrated. Describing the new Excelso method of generating domestic hot water in connec- tion with heating boilers. (Firepot Coil eliminated.) The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tenn. - Sylphon Temperature Regulators. Bulletin T-103. 8% x 11 in 16 pp. Complete data on Sylphon temperature regulators for air and liquids. Catalog 100, complete line Sylphon Heating Specialties. Damper Regulators, Air and Vent Valves. Catalog No. 100. 334 x 6% in. Sylphon Damper Regulators for steam, hot water and vapor systems. Sylphon Air and Vent Valves. Johnson Service Company, 149 Michigan St., Milwaukee, Wis. - Regulation of Temperature and Humidity. Booklet. 1134 x 8% in. 64 pp. Illustrated. Describes Johnson system of pneumatic, auto- matic regulation of temperature and humidity, and illustrates ther- mostats, valves, air compressors, dampers and other parts. Johnson Electric Thermostats, Valves, and Controllers. Booklet. 6% x 3% jn. 24 pp. Illustrated. Excellent plates showing electric thermostats and controllers. Kelsey Heating Company, James St., Syracuse, N. Y. º: No. º 4 x º 32 pp. Illustrated. A dealers' booklet showing the Kelsey Warm Air Generator Method of warming and distribut: ing air. Gives dimensions, heating capacities, weights, kind of coal recommended, and shows the mechanical and gravity system of heating homes, churches and schools. Monroe Pipeless Booklet. 4% x 8 in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Monroe Tubular Heater. Booklet. 4% x 8 in 20 pp. Illustrated. General Booklet giving capacities, dimensions, weights, etc. Syracuse Pipeless Booklet. 4% x 8 in. 12 pp. Illustrated. General Book- let giving sizes and capacities. Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, Ill. - - Kewanee on the Job. Catalog. 8% x 11 in 80 pp. Illustrated. Showing installations of Kewanee boilers, water heaters, radiators, etc. Catalog No. 73.6 x 9 in. 35 pp. Illustrated. Describes Kewanee steel power boilers with complete specifications. Minneapolis Heat Regulator Company. Minneapolis, Minn. The Heart of the Heating Plant. Catalog, 6 x 9 in 20 pp. Illustrated. Describing the Minneapolis Heat Regulator, its construction, appli- cation and operation for the automatic control of temperature where coal, gas, fuel oil or street steam is used. Z N HEATING EQUIPMENT—Continued Passºils; company, The Wrm. H., 141 West 36th Street, New Ork, N. Y. Page Boilers. “The Distinguished Service Line.” Catalog. 4% x 7% in. 120 pp. Illustrated. Descriptions with specifications of the “Vol- unteer” Round and “Monarch” Square Sectional Steam and Hot Water Boilers—the “Monarch” Up-Draft Smokeless and Down- Draft Smokeless Boilers—Push Nipple and Header Types—with method for apportioning size of boiler and radiation, and other val- uable heating data. “Volunteer” Round Boilers. Folder. 694 x 9% in. Illustrated. Rat- ings and dimensions, and assemblage of the various series. “Monarch” (Regular) Square Sectional Boilers. Push Nipples and Header Types. Folder. 8 x 11 in. Illustrated. Description, ratings and Header Types. Folder. 8 x 11 in. Illustrated. Description, ratings and dimension. “Monarch” Up-Draft Smokeless and Down–Draft Smokeless Boilers. Push Nipple and Header Types. Folders. 8 x 11 in. Illustrated. Description of the features which adapt the “Monarch” Up-Draft Smokeless for the use of any available fuel, a vital factor in these times of shortage and substitution. Ratings and dimensions. Utica Heater Company, Utica, N. Y. Imperial Round and Square Boilers and Supplies. Catalog. 3% x 6% in. ives complete data on small heaters. Special Folders. 8% x 11 in. “Warmth and Comfort,” describing the scientifically correct NEW IDEA pipeless furnaces. “SUPERIOR Warm Air Pipe Furnaces,” a standard line of heating equipment for over forty years. “SUPER-SMORELESS Pipe and Pipeless Fur- naces,” a new and remarkably efficient warm air heater, burning cheap soft coal without smoke—utilizing the principle of the Bun- sen Burner. “Imperial Sectional Square Boilers,” for hard coal heating of all types of buildings. Utica Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. Consists of the following seven bulletins, either loose or bound to- gether: (1) School Heating Bulletin. (2) Public Building Bulletin. (3) Theater Heating Bulletin. (4) Churches and Religious Insti- tutions. (5) Residences, Apartments and Hotels. (6) Offices, Indus- trial Buildings and Garages. (7) Technical Bulletin describing patented Bunsen Burner design and construction of the SUPER- SMORELESS BOILER, which burns the cheapest grades of soft ſº mokeley and operates equally well with hard coal, coke or uel Oll. HEAT REGULATORS–See Heating Equipment HOISTS-See Ash Hoists HOLLOW TILE-See Tile, Hollow HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT The International Nickel Company, 67 Wall St., New York, N. Y. Hospital Applications of Monel Metal. Booklet, 8.4 x 1134 in 16 pp. Illustrated. Gives types of equipment in which Monel Metal is used, reasons for its adoption, with sources of such equipment. INCINERATORS The Kerner Incinerator Company, 1029 Chestnut St., Milwaukee, Wis. The Kernerator. Booklet. 5% x 994 in. 40 pp. Illustrated. Describes principle and design of the Kernerator, guarantee and service, also gives illustrations of buildings where it has been installed and testimonials. Sanitary Elimination of Household Waste. Booklet: 4 x 9 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Shows process, installations and advantages of the Kernerator. Sanitary Disposal of Waste in Hospitals. Booklet. 4 x 9 in. 12 pp. Illus- trated. Shows how this necessary part of hospital service can be taken care of by the Kernerator. INSULATION Bishopric Manufacturing Co., 103 Este Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. For All Time and Clime. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. Describ- ing the use of Bishopric stucco base and Bishopric plaster base. Philip Carey Co., The, Cincinnati, Ohio. Carey Asbestos and Magnesia Products. Catalog. 6 x 9 in. 72 pp. Illustrated. Johns-Manville, Inc., Madison Ave. and 41st St., New York, N. Y. Johns-Manville Service to Power Users. Catalog. 834 x 11 in. 150 pp. Illustrated. Contains valuable data on all forms of insulations, packings, steam traps, high temperature cements, brake locks and linings, also general technical data. United States Mineral Wool Co., 280 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. The Uses of Mineral Wool in Architecture. Booklet. 594 x 6% in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Describes properties of mineral wool as insula- tion against heat, frost, sound. Specifications and section draw- ings for use as a fireproofing. Rule for estimate and cost. KITCHEN EQUIPMENT Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Mfg. Company, Hartford, Conn. AUTOSAN Dish and Silver Cleaning Machines. Booklets. 6 x 9 in. De- scribing rotary table type and conveyor type machines. Wm. M. Crane Company, 16–20 West 32nd St., New York, N. Y. VULCAN Gas Ranges and Appliances. Booklet. 5 x 8 in 50 pp. Illustrated. Describes complete line, including VULCAN SMOOTH TOP Compact Cabinet Gas Ranges for kitchens in the home. VULCAN Gas Equipment for Hotels, Hospitals, Restaurants, etc. Booklet. 5 x 8 in 45 pp., Illustrated. Equipment for heavy-duty cooking requirements, with information of value to architects in planning kitchens. N Z June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 87 Fuel crises, due to disturbances in the coal indus- try and transportation difficulties, are increasingly frequent, and the heating boiler you are about to specify must be designed to burn any kind and grade of fuel, without waste. The MONARCH Up Draft Smokeless is such a boiler! In it can be burned any fuel-and in times of stress (as today) low grades of soft coal or sub- stitute combinations of fuels can be - utilized—with a saving of from 25% º to 33%%, accomplished by the intro- mº duction of supplementary air at the - rear of the fire box, a sufficient amount being mixed v ith the heavy gases generated to permit of complete combustion. If you will compare the Monarch with other boilers, we believe you will find we are offering much more in area of grate and heating surface for the same catalog rated capacity. By speci- fying the Monarch you insure your client a satisfactory and economical heating plant. The Proof of the Boiler is in the Heating! Thousands in Successful Operation Write Today for Catalog The Wm. H. Page Boiler Company Est. 1856–Inc. 1877 Makers of Boilers for Over Half a Century GENERAL OFFICES: 141–145 W. 36th Street, NEW YORK Branches: BOSTON, 379 Commercial St., PHILA- DELPHIA, 1718, Sansom St. CLEVELAND, Rose Building. Factory: MEADVILLE, PA. “ (Liſt Pigtinguigi)et, ºcruite 3Line” 88 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION 2 N N N SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS PUBLICATIONS – Continued from page 86 KITCHEN EQUIPMENT—Continued The International Nickel Company, 67 Wall St., New York, N. Y. * Hotel, Restaurant and Cafeteria Applications of Monel Metal. Book- let. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Gives types of equipment in which Monel Metal is used, with service data and sources of such equipment. Pick & Company, Albert, 208 W. Randolph St., Chicago, Ill. School Cafeterias. Portfolio. 17 x 11 in. 44 pp. Illustrated. An exhaus- tive study of the problems of school feeding, with copious illustra- tions and blue prints. Very valuable to the architect. Hotel, Apartment Building, Club and Institution Installations. Port- folio. 17 x 11 in. 100 pp. Shows, mostly by plates, how the Albert Pick Company equips hotels completely from top to bottom. Equipment for Cafeterias, Lunch Rooms, Restaurants, and Dining Rooms. Portfolio. 17 x 11 in. 86 pp. Illustrated. The last word in Cafeteria equipment to meet all requirements. LATH, METAL AND REINFORCING The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Herringbone Metal Lath Handbook. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Standard specifications for Cement Stucco on Herringbone Rigid Metal Lath and interior plastering. - National Steel Fabric Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Folder. 8% x 11 in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Describes National Stucco-Plaster Reinforcement, a base for exterior stucco and interior plastering, composition flooring, etc., with photographs and drawings. North Western Expanded Metal Co., 934 Old Colony Building, Chicago, Ill. Designing Data. Catalog. 6 x 9 in. 94 pp. Illustrated. Describes most efficient use of Econo Expanded Metal Reinforcing. Formless Con- crete Construction. Catalog. 6 x 9 in 80 pp. Illustrated. Describes use of T-Rib Chanelath, a form and reinforcing for concrete. LAUNDRY CHUTES The Pfaudler Company, 217 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y. Pfaudler Glass-Lined Steel Laundry Chutes. Booklet. 5% x 7% in. 16 pp. Illustrated. A beautifully printed brochure describing in detail with architects’ specifications THE PFAUDLER GLASS LINED STEEL LAUNDRY CHUTES. Contains views of installations and list of representative ones. LEADERS AND GUTTERS Copper & Brass Research Assn., 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y. opper Roofing. Booklet, 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Gives in- formation regarding weights of various roofing materials. Describes up-to-date practice and methods of laying copper roofs; decorative effects and how to obtain them. Gives specifications and details. ºne. reglets, gutters and leaders, cornices and copper-covered walls. - United Alloy Steel Corporation, Canton, Ohio. Better Sheet Metal. 8% x 11 in. 128 pages and cover. Illustrated. Shows the many uses of Toncan Metal with many pictures of build- ings, names of architects, etc., also tables of weights and other useful specification data. MAIL CHUTES Cutler Mail Chute Company, Rochester, N. Y. Cutler Mail Chute Model F. Booklet. 4 x 994 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. MANTELS Arnold & North, Inc., 124 East 41st St., New York, N. Y. Booklet. 5 x 6 in. Contains photographic reproductions of a variety of old English and Colonial mantelpieces with complete information as to sizes and prices. Arthur Todhunter, 414 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Mantels and Fireplace Equipment. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Separate sheet plates showing mantels installed and furnished, also andirons and gratcs grouped with suitable pieces, also lanterns, weather-vanes and hand-wrought hardware. All sizes and descrip- tions given on each plate. MARBLE The Georgia Marble Company, Tate, Ga. New York office, 1328 Broadway. Why Georgia Marble is Better. Booklet. 3% x 6 in. Gives analysis, physical qualities, comparison.of absorption with granites, opinions of authorities, etc. Convincing Proof. Booklet. 3% x 6 in. 8 pp. Classified list of build- ings and memorials in which Georgia Marble has been used, with names of Architects and Sculptors. Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company, 505 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Reproductions in natural colors of imported and domestic marbles and stone for interior and exterior uses. Bulletins. 9% x 12% in., illustrating buildings of various types in which Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company's imported and domestic marbles and stone have been used. Vermont Marble Company, Adv. Dept., Proctor, Vt. The Book of Vermont Marble. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 68 pp. Illustrated. A reference book for architects, describing various kinds of Vermont Marble, with illustrations and details. Marble Banks and Modern Business. Booklet. 734 x 10% in. 48 pp. Illustrated. Contains many pictures of important Vermont Marble bank work, with certain tests and analyses relating to the product. METAL LATH–See Lath, Metal and Reinforcing METALS American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Reference Book. Pocket Ed. 2% x 4% in. 168 pp. Illustrated. Covers the complete line of Sheet and Tin Mill Products. Apollo and Apollo–Keystone Galvanized Sheets. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Research on the Corrosion Resistance of Copper Steel. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Technical information on results of atmospheric corrosion tests of various sheets under actual weather conditions. Facts Simply and Briefly Told. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Non-technical statements relating to Keystone Copper Steel. Black Sheets and Special Sheets. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 28 pp. Illus- trated. Describes standard grades of Black and Uncoated Sheets, together with weights, bundling tables, etc. Bright Tin Plates. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Seven Centuries of Brass Making. Booklet. 10% x 8 in. 78 pp. Illus- trated in color. A brief history of the ancient art of Brass Making and its early (and even recent) method of production—contrasted with that of the Electric Furnace Process—a twentieth century achievement of the Bridgeport Brass Company. Tested High-Speed Brass Rod. Booklet. 10% x 8 in. 16 pp. Illus- trated. Short treatise on the manufacture of Brass Rod for use in Screw Machines, with particular reference to improvements origi- nated by the Bridgeport Brass Company. Copper & Brass Research Assn., 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Copper Roofing. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Gives infor- mation regarding weights of various roofing materials. Describes up-to-date practice and methods of laying copper roofs; decorative effects and how to obtain them. Gives specifications and details. ºne. reglets, gutters and leaders, cornices and copper-covered Walls. The International Nickel Company, 67 Wall St., New York, N. Y. The Choice of a Metal. Booklet. 694 x 394 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. àº, Metal—it qualities, uses and commercial forms, briefly escribed. United Alloy Steel Corporation, Canton, Ohio. Sheet Metal Primer. 594 x 734 in. 32 pages and cover. Illustrated. A non-technical description of the making of iron and steel from ore § º metal and a brief discussion of modern developments in this field. Metallurgy of Modern Commercial Iron Sheets. Booklet. 3% x 694 in. 16 pages. An interesting discussion of the methods used in produc- ing metal sheets. METAL TRIM—See Doors and Trim, Metal MILLWORK–See also Wood Curtis Companies Service Bureau, Clinton, Iowa. Architectural Interior and Exterior Woodwork, Standardized. Book. 9 x 11% in. 240 pp. Illustrated. This is an Architects' Edition of the complete catalog of Curtis Woodwork, as designed by Trow- bridge & Ackerman. Contains many color plates. Better Built Homes, Vols. XV-XVIII incl. Booklet. 9 x 12 in. 40 pp. Illustrated. Designs for houses of five to eight rooms, respectively, in several authentic types, by Trowbridge & Ackerman, architects for the Curtis Companies. Curtis Details. Booklet. 19% x 23% in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Complete details of all items of Curtis woodwork, for the use of architects. MORTAR COLORS Clinton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton, N. Y. Color Harmony in Brick Work. Folder. 6% x 334 in. Illustrated. De- scribes use of Clinton Mortar Colors, with illustrations in colors. PAINTS, STAINS, VARNISHES AND WOOD FINISHES Boston Varnish Co., Everett Station, Boston 49, Mass. The Inviting Home. Booklet. 5% x 8 in. 16 pp. Illustrations in colors of attractive interiors. Set of Twelve Measured Drawings. 8% x 11 in. Kyanize–Its Important Place in Recent Eastern Architecture. Book- let. 6 x 9 in. 16 pp. Varnish and Enamel Specifications. Cabot, Inc., Samuel, Boston, Mass. Cabot's Creosote Stains. Booklet. 4 x 8% in. 16 pp. Illustrated. The Glidden Company, Cleveland, Ohio. “More Daylight.” 8 x 10% in. 20 pp. Portraying by illustrations and text the need and methods of modern mill painting. The Hockaday Company, 1823 Carroll Ave., Chicago, Ill. Paint Mileage. Book. 8 x 10% in 56 pp. Illustrated. A reference book on interior painting. Describes use of paint over all sorts of sur- faces, with illustrations of buildings where Hockaday has been speci- fied. Hockaday service explained. - Solving Your Paint Problems. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 44 pp. Illus- trated. Describes use of Hockaday Paint in Industrial Buildings, particularly in textile mills. Details of Hockaday service and speci- fications. Martin Varnish Co., 2500 Quarry St., Chicago, Ill. Architectural Specifications. Booklet. 8% x 11 in 20 pp. Illustrated. Complete guide for Architects in specifying Martin Varnish Prod- ucts. Your Floors. Booklet. 5 x 7 in 20 pp. Illustrated. Explains fully how to finish all kinds of floors and woodwork with Martin's Pure Varnish. Murphy Varnish Company, 234 McWhorter St., Newark, N.J. The Book of Decoration. Booklet. 46 pp. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Written and illustrated by masters of the art. Old and modern in- teriors by famous architects. Characteristic paneling, ceilings, floors, hangings and furnishings of each period are illustrated and charted. Price, 50 cents. 2 2 N N June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 89 Summer Hill School, Atlanta, Ga.-Supervising Architect, A. Ten Eyck Brown, Atlanta; consulting Architects, Englehart & Strayer, New York City; Architects, Burge & Stevens, Atlanta; Contractor, Southern Ferro Concrete Company, Atlanta. Out of thirteen public schools recently planned in Atlanta, Cross-section of the Architectural - - - - Fenestra Windows used in Sum- twelve are to be equipped with Fenestra Reversible Ventilator mer Hill School, showing swing- Windows. out ventilator at top, swing-in ventilator at bottom to act as a The architects and contractors of Atlanta, who are planning and wind guard, and one row of fixed building these schools, have found that Fenestra modern steel windows lights in center. combine the greatest architectural beauty with the most practical advantages. These are the Atlanta Schools: School Architect Contractor Georgia Tech. Roberts & Co. Pittman Con. Co. North Ave. Pres. School Chas. W. Hopson J. W. Jenkins Lucile Ave. School Chas. W. Hopson W. P. Francis Summer Hill School Burge & Stevens Southern Ferro Concrete Co. Roach & Mitchell St. School C. E. Choate Southern Ferro Concrete Co. Pittsburgh School G. Lloyd Preacher & Co. A. J. Krebs Co. Ivy & Calhoun St. School C. E. Frazier W. H. George E. Atlanta Elementary J. F. Downing R. M. Walker Co. Virginia Ave. School W. C. Powell A. J. Krebs Co. Formwalt St. School De Ford Smith Griffin Hodges Co. Frazier Replacement School Haralson Bleckley J. S. McCaulty Faith St. School Wm. J. J. Chase Southern Ferro Concrete Co. - - - - Elevation showing the type of Architectural Fenestra Fenestra Reversible Ventilator Windows admit from 20% to 30% Windows used in Summer Hill School. The variety more light than wood windows; they make possible the scientific con- of designs and sizes in which Fenestra is made is wide trol of ventilation; they are always easy to operate; they are fire-resis- enough to meet practically any architectural demand. tant and as lasting as the building; yet their cost is surprisingly low. DETROIT STEEL PRODUCTS COMPANY Division of Architectural Construction 25or East Grand Boulevard Detroit, Mich. ſº/JGS lſº - - E’ - 90 - THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION June, 1923 % N SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS PUBLICATIONS – Continued from page 88 PAINTS, STAINS, VARNISHES AND WOOD FINISHES-Con’d Murphy Varnish Company-Continued Eight Periods and Their Modern Adaptation. Furnished to Architects and Builders. In this volume the historic architectural periods are illustrated with authentic photographs of famous interiors. Each period is charted to show correct treatment for different rooms. Complete architectural specifications included. Univernish, the Universal Varnish. Booklet. 334 x 6 in. 8 pp. Describes the uses, working and economy of Univernish. Muronic Enamel. Descriptive leaflet and price-list. 4 pp. 4 x 6 in. National Lead Company, 111 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Handy Book on Painting. Book.5% x 394 in. 100 pp. Gives directions and formulas for painting various surfaces of wood, plaster, metal, etc., both interior and exterior. Red Lead in Paste Form. Booklet. 6% x 3% in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Directions and formulas for painting metals. Came Lead. Booklet. 834 x 6 in. 12 pp. Illustrated. Describes various styles of lead cames. Cinch Anchoring Specialties. Booklet. 6 x 3% in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Describes complete line of expansion bolts. The Ripolin Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Ripolin Specification Book. 8 x 10% in. 12 pp. Complete specifica- tions and general instructions for the application of Ripolin, the original Holland enamel paint. Also directions for proper finishing of wood, metal, plaster, concrete, brick and other surfaces. “Why Ripolin Has an International Reputation.” 8 x 10% in. 24 pp. Designed for the architect's files to illustrate the many varied uses of Ripolin Enamel Paint in all parts of the world. Profusely illustrated. Ruberoid Co., The (formerly the Standard Paint Co.), 95 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Preservative Coatings. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 15 pp. Illustrated. Presents in a concise manner the properties and uses of the Ruberoid Company's various paint preparations. smith & Co., Edward, P. O. Box 76, City Hall Station, New York, Architect's Hand Book. 434 x 7% in. 24 pp. Specifications and sug- gestions for painting, varnishing, enameling, etc. Sonneborn Sons, Inc., L., Dept. 4, 116 Fifth Avenue, New York. Paint Specifications. Booklet. 8% x 10% in. 4 pp. ORGANS Estey Organ Company, Brattleboro, Vt. Pipe Organs. Complete specifications and full information furnished to the architect for pipe organ to be installed in any given residence upon receipt of plans and other particulars. PARTITIONS - Improved Office Partition Company, 25 Grant St., Elmhurst, L.I. Telesco Partition. Catalog. 894 x 11 in. 14 pp. Illustrated. Shows typical offices laid out with Telesco partitions, cuts of finished par- tition units in various woods. Gives specifications and cuts of buildings using Telesco. Detailed Instructions for erecting Telesco Partitions. Booklet. 24 pp. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Complete instructions, with cuts and drawings, showing how easily Telesco Partition can be erected. Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Co., Aurora, Ill. Partitions. Booklet. 7 x 10 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describes com- plete line of track and hangers for all styles of sliding, parallel, accordion and flush door partitions. The J. G. Wilson Corporation, 11 East 36th St., New York, N. Y. Rolling Partitions, Hygienic and Disappearing Door Wardrobes. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describes rolling partitions, particularly in churches and schools, and wardrobes as installed in schools and public institutions. PIPE American Brass Company, Waterbury, Conn. - Bulletin B-1, “Brass Pipe for Water Service.” 8% x 11 in. 28 pp. Illus- trated. Gives schedule of weights and sizes (I. P. S.) of seamless brass and copper pipe, shows typical installations of brass pipe, and gives general discussion of the corrosive effect of water on iron, steel and brass pipe. Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Bulletin No. 15. Brass Pipe and Piping. Booklet. 8 x 10% in. 48 pp. Illustrated. When and how to use Brass Pipe. Brass Pipe compared with iron and steel pipe for hot water service. Corrosion. Description of manufacture of Bridgeport Plumrite Brass Pipe. A. M. Byers Company, 235 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Bulletin 26–A. “What Is Wrought Iron?” 8 x 10% in. 40 pp. Illus- trated. Descriptions of materials and processes employed in manu- facturing Byers genuine wrought iron pipe. Factors influencing corrosion. Gives table of pipe sizes, weights, dimensions, tests, etc., and tabulated records of the life of iron and steel pipe in various kinds of service. Bulletin 30. An Investigation of Pipe Corrosion in Hot Water Service. 8 x 10% in 20 pp. Illustrated. Shows service records of iron, steel and brass pipe used for hot and cold water supply lines in 129 Pitts- burgh Apartment Buildings. Bulletin 32. Corrosion of Wrought Iron, Cast Iron and Steel Pipe in House Drainage Systems. 8 x 1034 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Data obtained through investigations conducted in New York and Chicago by Dr. Wm. P. Gerhard, C. E., and Thomas J. Claffy, Asst. Chief San. Inspector, city of Chicago. Bulletin 38. The Installation Cost of Pipe. 32 pp. 8 x 1034 in. Illus- trated. Cost analyses of 20 different pipe installations, in power and industrial plants, office buildings, hotels, residences, etc. Clow & Sons, James B., 534 S. Franklin Street, Chicago, Ill. Catalog “A.” 4 x 6% in. 706 pp. Illustrated. Shows a full line of steam, gas and water works supplies. PIPE – Continued National Tube Co., Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. “National” Bulletin No. 2. Corrosion of Hot Water Pipe. (8% x 11 in. 24 pp.) Illustrated. In this bulletin is summed up the most important research dealing with hot water systems. The text matter consists of seven investigations by authorities on this subject. “National” Bulletin No. 3. The Protection of Pipe Against Internal Corrosion. (8% x 11 in. 20 pp.) Illustrated. Discusses various causes of corrosion and details are given of the deactivating and de- aerating systems for eliminating or retarding corrosion in hot water supply lines. “National” Bulletin No. 25. “National” Pipe in Large Buildings. 8% x 11 in. 88 pp. This bulletin contains 254 illustrations of promi- nent buildings of all types, containing “National” Pipe and con- siderable engineering data of value to architects, engineers, etc. Modern Welded Pipe. Book of 88 pages (8% x 11 in.), profusely illus- trated with halftone and line engravings of the important operations in the manufacture of pipe. Reading Iron Company, Reading, Pa. Reading Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe in the Making and in Service. Bulletin No. 1.8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. History of the Read- ing Iron Company. Origin of wrought iron—description of each process of manufacture of both buttweld and lapweld pipe— Reading Pipe in various fields. Book of Standards. Booklet. 5 x 7 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. Complete tables showing dimensions, tests and list prices on each of the 552 different kinds of Reading Tubular goods. Two simple tests for dis- tinguishing genuine wrought iron pipe. The Painted Molecule. Booklet. 4 x 9 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. A brief, non-technical description of the reasons for º, longer life of Read- ing Iron Pipe, with instances of actual service. The Ultimate Cost. Booklet. 594 x 734 in. 24 pp. Illustrated in two colors. A comparison in actual figures of the initial cost and the Hºte cost of plumbing and heating systems in several kinds of onnes. PLUMBING EQUIPMENT American Brass Company, Waterbury, Conn. Benedict Nickel. Illustrated pamphlet descriptive of Benedict Nickel White Metal for high-grade plumbing fixtures. Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Plumbing Supplies. Booklet. 10% x 8 in. 20 pp. Illustrated. Describes a few of the different plumbing supplies manufactured by the Bridge- port Brass Company. Brunwiel-Balk-collender Co., 623 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, whale-bone-ite Seat. Booklet. 3 % x 6% in. 4 pp. Illustrated. Whale-bone-ite Seat. Booklet. 3% x 694 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. Clow & Sons, James B., 534 S. Franklin Street, Chicago, Ill. Catalog “M.” 994 x 12 in. 184 pp. Illustrated. Shows complete line of plumbing fixtures for Schools, Railroads and Industrial Plants. Crane Company, 836 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ill. Crane Products in World Wide Use. Catalog. 5 x 9% in. 24 pp. Illus- trated. Plumbing Suggestions for Home Builders. Catalog. 3 x 6 in. 80 pp. Illustrated. Plumbing Suggestions for Industrial Plants. Catalog. 4 x 6% in. 43 pp. Illustrated. Douglas Co., The John, Cincinnati, Ohio. Catalog “C.” 10% x 8 in. 200 pages illustrated. Illustrates and de- i. the Douglas complete line of China Sanitary plumbing xture. Bºº “Douglas suggests for your home.” 6 x 3% in. 39 pages illus- trated. Eljer Company, 15 E. Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill. The Standardized Sixteen. Booklet. 334 x 634 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Describes fully the complete Eljer line of standardized plumbing equipment, with diagrams, weights, measurements and copious illustrations. Standardized Sixteen. Circular. 334 x 6% in. 18 pp. Illustrated. Complete catalog. 3% x 634 in. 104 pp. Illustrated. Kohler Co., Kohler, Wis. Catalog F. 7% x 10% in. 216 pp. Illustrates and describes the com- plete line of Kohler trade-marked plumbing ware. Roughing-In Measurement Binder, 5x8 in., containing loose-leaf sheets on all staple fixtures. Maddock's Sons Co., Thomas, Trenton, N. J. Highest Grade Standardized Plumbing Fixtures for Every Need. Catalog. 5 x 7% in. 94 pp. Illustrated. Covers the complete line. Bathroom Individuality. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 28 pp. Illustrated. Showing view of complete bathrooms with complete descriptions of floor plans. Specifications for Plumbing Fixtures. Booklet. 9 x 12 in. 8 pp. Tables of specifications for industrial buildings, schools, apartments, hotels, etc. Speakman Company, Wilmington, Del. Speakman Showers and Fixtures. Catalog. 4% x 7% in. 250 pp. Illustrated. Catalog of Modern Showers and Brass Plumbing Fix- tures, with drawings showing layouts, measurements, etc. Toned Up in Ten Minutes. Booklet. 7% x 10% in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Modern Showers and Washups for Industrial Plants, showing the sanitary method of washing in running water. Wolff Manufacturing Company, 255 No. Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill. Plumbing Suggestions. Catalog. 394 x 6 in. 50 pp. Illustrated. Illus- trating, describing and pricing Wolff Quality Plumbing Fixtures for residential installation. PUMPS Goulds Mfg. Co., The, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Set of Twenty Bulletins. 7% x 10% in. 12 to 32 pp. each. Illustrated. Covers complete line of power and centrifugal pumps for all services. Kewanee Private Utilities Co., 442 Franklin St., Kewanee, Ill. Bulletin E. 734 x 1044 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Catalog. Complete descriptions, with all necessary ºt. on Standard Service Pumps, Indian Brand Pneumatic Tanks, and Complete Water Systems, as installed by Kewanee Private Utilities Co. % 2 N Z June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 91 *. | Put On My Overalls! “If you architects,” the old painter says, “would put on a pair of overalls and paint one side of a wall with Hockaday, I'd gamble my last dollar that your paint worries would vanish for all times.” “You would learn first handed that Hockaday takes less time to apply—that it covers ten to fif- teen per cent more surface. You would see that Hockaday positively prevents lime burning-your greatest bugbear.” Don't compare Hocka- You are naturally interested in low first cost–your client is day with ready-mixed even more interested in saving money. When you specify paints." It comes in a Hockaday you make sure of low first cost, and also provide for semi-paste form. Only economical maintenance. our special reducer can be used for thinning Get the Hockaday facts. Let the Hockaday salesmen, who are specialists on wall painting, co-operate with you. Tell us when you specify Hockaday so they can supervise the work. THE HOCKADAY COMPANY, 1823-1829Carroll Ave.,Chicago SHABLE PAINT FOR ALL INTERIORS THE 92 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION N N N SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS PUBLICATIONS – Continued from page 90 RAMPS Ramp Buildings Corporation, 115 Broad St., New York, N. Y. The d'Humy Motoramp System of Building Design. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 20. pp. Illustrated. Describes the d'Humy system of ramp con- struction for garages, service buildings, factories, warehouses, etc., where it is desirable to drive motor vehicles or industrial tractors under their own power from floor to floor. Storage Efficiency of Multi-Floor Garages. Leaflet. 834 x 11 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. A brief discussion of comparative storage efficiencies of elevator garages, ordinary ramp garages, and d'Humy Motoramp garages. Visibility. Pamphlet. 8% x 11 in. 2 pp. Illustrated. Discussion of visibility feature of d'Humy Motoramp System with reference to illustration of one particular installation. Series of Informal Bulletins on Garage Design. Sent upon request. REINFORCED CONCRETE–See also Construction, Concrete The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Self-Sentering Handbook. 8% x 11 in. 36 pp. Illustrated. Methods and specifications on reinforced concrete floors, roofs and floors with a combined form and reinforcing material. Truscon Steel Company, 250 W. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich. Shearing Stresses in Reinforced Concrete Beams. Booklet. 834 x 11 in. 12 pp. ROOFING American Brass Company, Waterbury, Conn. Service Sheets 43-1 and 43-2, standard specifications and methods of laying copper roofings, flashings, hips, valleys, decks, gutters and leaders. American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., Frick Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Better Buildings. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Describes Corrugated and Formed Sheet Steel Roofing and Siding Products, black, painted and galvanized, with directions for application of various patterns of Sheet Steel Roofing in various types of construction. Copper—Its Effect Upon Steel for Roofing Tin. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 28 pp. Illustrated. Describes the merits of high grade roofing tin plates and the advantages of the copper-steel alloy. “The Testimony of a Decade.” Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp., with Graphic Chart and illustration showing losses to various Iron and Steel Sheets for roofing, from atmospheric corrosion. Copper & Brass Research Assn., 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Copper Roofing. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Gives infor- mation regarding weights of various roofing materials. Describes up-to-date practice and methods of laying copper roofs; decorative effects and how to obtain them. Gives specifications and details. ºne. reglets, gutters and leaders, cornices and copper-covered walls. Creo-Dipt Company, 1025 Oliver St., North Tonawanda, N. Y. Architectural Service Sheets. 8% x 11 in. Illustrated. Working draw- ings of construction, with standard specifications for design and construction of same. Federal Cement Tile Co., 110 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. The Indestructible Roof. Booklet. 10 x 13 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Illustrates and describes the installation of permanent concrete in- terlocking tile, tile with glass insets, flat tile and channel tile, on all º of industrial plants and other buildings with flat and pitched Surfaces. Standards. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 40 pp. Illustrated with full-page drawings. Gives full details of all forms of roof construction, of steel structure, ridge and gutter construction, purlin arrangement, spac- ing, etc., for standard roofs. B. Mifflin Hood Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga. Roof Tile—“Riviera.” Mission and Shingle. Folder. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. Shows application of this tile, with suggested specifica- tions and installation instructions. Free to architects and engineers. Johns-Manville, Inc., Madison Ave. & 41st St., New York, N. Y. Johns-Manville Building Materials. Book. 8% x 11 in. 100 pp. Illus- trated. A comprehensive catalog of various types of roofing for all forms of construction. Details of wall, floor and ceiling insula- tion; asbestos wood for fireproof construction; waterproofing, etc. Johns-Manville Asbestos Shingles. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 24 pp. Il- lustrated. This booklet is profusely illustrated in colors, showing some very artistic blends of asbestos shingles with various types of architecture. Contains many valuable suggestions for the archi- tect. Ludowici-Celadon Company, 104 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. “Ancient” Tapered Mission Tiles. Leaflet. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illus- trated. For architects who desire something out of the ordinary, this leaflet has been prepared. Describes briefly our “Ancient” Tapered Mission Tiles, hand-made, with full corners and designed to be applied with irregular exposures. Ruberoid Co., The (formerly the Standard Paint Co.), 95 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Instructions for Laying Built-up Roofs. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. Illus- trated. Rºd Strip-shingle. Booklet. 3% x 634 in. 16 pp. Illustrated in color. United Alloy Steel Corporation, Canton, Ohio. Better Sheet Metal. 8% x 11 in. 128 pages and cover. Illustrated. Shows the many uses of Toncan Metal with many pictures of build- ings, names of architects, etc., also tables of weights and other useful specification data. SAFETY TREADS Universal Safety/Tread Co., 40 Court St., Boston, Mass. The Universal Safety Metal Tread. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Describes Safety Treads, with lead inserts in steel base, suitable for use on iron, wood or concrete stairs. Also the flat type, with “Alundum” surface, as well as special ladder treads for ships, power-house and engine-room open string stairways. N SASH CHAIN American Chain Company, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. American Sash Chain. Booklet. 3% x 6 in. 8 pp. Illustrated. De- scribes and illustrates American Sash Chain and Sash Fixtures. Smith & Egge Mfg. Co., The, Bridgeport, Conn. Booklet. 63.4 x 9 in. 42 pp. Illustrated. Covers a complete line of chains, hardware and specialties. SASH CORD Samson Cordage Works, Boston, Mass. Catalog. 3% x 634 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Covers complete line of rope and cord. SCREENS The Higgin Manufacturing Co., Newport, Ky. Your Home Screened the Higgin Way. Booklet. 8% x 11% in. 13 pp. Illustrated in colors. Complete description of Higgin Screens, de- signed to meet every need. Rolup Screen Company, 410 East 32nd Street, New York, N. Y. Hastings Handbook of Window Screens. Booklet. 8 x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Complete description, with illustrations and diagrams, of Rolup Screens, also specifications, prices and service to architects. SEWAGE DISPOSAL Kewanee Private Utilities, 442 Franklin St., Kewanee, Ill. Specification Sheets. 734 x 10% in. 40 pp. Illustrated. Detailed draw- ings and specifications covering water supply and sewage disposal systems. SHEATHING Bishopric Manufacturing Co., 103 Este Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. For All Time and Clime. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. De- scribing the use of Bishopric stucco base and Bishopric plaster base. STAINS-See Paints, Varnishes, Wood Finishes STEEL DRESSERS Janes & Kirtland, 133–135 West 44th St., New York, N. Y. The White House Line. Booklet. 734 x 5% in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Describes and illustrates in detail WHITE HOUSE Steel Dressers and some of the separate units. Also contains typical layout and list of some of our clients. Photographs. 5% x 3% in. Views of actual installations in private residences, schools, etc., sent on request. STONE, BUILDING Harrison Granite Company, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Harrison Granite Company, Clientele. 3% x 8% in. 24 pp. Illus- trated. A partial list of clients with illustrations of examples of monuments and mausoleums. indiº Limestone Quarrymen’s Association, Box 766, Bedford, In Ollana. Volume 3. Series A-3. Standard Specifications for Cut Indiana Lime- stone work. 8% x 11 in. 56 pp. Containing specifications and supplementary data relating to the best methods of specifying and using this stone for all building purposes. Vol. 1. Series B. Indiana Limestone Library. 6 x 9 in. 36 pp. Illustrated. Giving general information regarding Indiana Limestone, its physical characteristics, etc. Vol. 27. Series B. Designs for Houses of Indiana Limestone. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Being the best designs submitted in competition for a detached residence faced with Indiana Limestone conducted by The Architectural Review. Volume 4, Series “B.” Booklet. New Edition, 8% x 11 in. 64 pp. Illustrated. Indiana Limestone as used in Banks. Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company, 505 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Reproductions in natural colors of imported and domestic marbles and stone for interior and exterior uses. Bulletins, 934 x 1234 in., illustrating buildings of various types in which Tompkins-Kiel Marble Company's imported and domestic marbles and stone have been used. STORE FRONTS Kawneer Co., The, Niles, Mich. A Collection of Successful Designs. Catalog. 994 x 6% in. 64 pp. Illustrated. Showing by use of drawings and photographs many. types of Kawneer Solid Copper Store Fronts. STUCCO Bishopric Manufacturing Co., 103 Este Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. For All Time and Clime. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. De- scribing the use of Bishopric stucco base and Bishopric plaster base. STUCCO BASES Bishopric Manufacturing Co., 103 Este Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. For All Time and Clime. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 48 pp. Illustrated. De- scribing the use of Bishopric stucco base and Bishopric plaster base. STUCCO COLOR Clinton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton, N. Y. Color in Stucco. Folder. 6% x 334 in. Describes the coloring of stucco. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 93- Pictorial Review Building New York Renwick, Aspinwall & Tucker Architects G. B. Beaumont Co. Builders Efficient Freight Elevator Doors I' is quite natural that hundreds of prominent buildings through- out America are equipped with Peelle Freight Elevator Doors. They are built to render the utmost in elevator door efficiency. The standard of construction certifies long, uninterrupted and economical service. The exclusive truckable feature insures smooth passage between elevator and floor sill. The vertical operation gives full clearance and speeds up loading and unloading. These and other merits of Peelle Doors are fully detailed in the Peelle catalog. Write for it, or consult a member of our engineering staff, without obligation. THE PEELLE COMPANY . . . . . . . Brooklyn, N. Y. Boston . Chicago . Cleveland . Philadelphia . and 12 other cities EFILEFº:D00 Counterbalanced-Truckable 94 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION % N SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS' PUBLICATIONS – Continued from page 92 STUCCO, MAGNESITE American Magnestone Corporation, Springfield, Ill. Catalog. 13 pp. Describes the quality, beauty and strength of Mag- nestone. Muller & Co., Franklyn R., Waukegan, Ill. Everlastic Magnesite Stucco. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. TERRA COTTA National Terra Cotta Society, 1 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Standard Construction, Indexed, bound volume. 10% x 16 in. 90 pp. 70 illustrations. Standard forms of terra cotta construction with short article. “The School.” 10% x 13% in. 34 pp. 92 illustrations. Types of school buildings with short descriptive articles. Volume I, brochure series. “Better Banks.” 10% x 13% in. Illustrated. Banks of various sizes, with short descriptive articles. “Terra Cotta Defined.” 10% x 13% in. Complete description of Terra Cotta and its uses. Northwestern Terra Cotta Co., The, 2525 Clybourn Ave., Chicago, Ill Booklet. 834 x 11 in. 77 pp. Illustrated. Showing in a concise way the usefulness of terra cotta. THERMOSTATS-See Heating Equipment TILE, FLOOR AND WALL Associated Tile Manufacturers, The, Beaver Falls, Pa. Basic Information. Booklet. 7% x 10% in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Ask for Booklet K–200. A publication issued for architects, engineers and educators to acquaint them with methods of grading, derivation of sizes and shapes, vari- ety of colors, kind of finishes, nomenclature and ingredients and processes insofar as they lead to a better understanding of the product and its uses. Basic Specification and Related Documents. Booklet. 7% x 10% in. 38 pp. Ask for Booklet K-200. The Basic Specification proper gives in detail the procedure to be fol- lowed with respect to any kind of tile installation in connection with practically every type of construction. The Related Documents, or work sheets are designed to call attention to optional application methods and materials. Swimming Pools. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Issued for the use of architects and engineers as a handbook on swimming pools and their construction. Bringing the Crowds to Your Market. Booklet.8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated in color. Shows use of tile for the modern sanitary market. B. Mifflin Hood Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga. - Burned Clay Products. Booklet. 9% x 12% in. 47, pp. Illustrated. Shows different uses of brick, but º particularly the various uses of quarrie floor tile. Frce to architects and engineers. Stedman Products Company, South Braintree, Mass. Six-page folder, 8% x 10% in., illustrated in colors, giving complete description of Stedman Naturized Flooring, Tiles, Wainscoting, San- itary Bases, Stair Treads, etc. Technical data, recommendations and special flooring service. - The Vitrolite Company, 133 W. Washington St., Chicago, Ill. Toilet Partitions and Wainscoting. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illus- trated. States comprehensive facts about Vitrolite, its adaptability and advantages as a slab material for wainscoting and toilet parti- tions, wall and ceiling surfacing, etc. Installations shown, with blue prints and architects' specification data. Thoughts of Home. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. De- scribes and shows practical application of Vitrolite and the artistic and economical results possible in its use in the home, for bathrooms, kitchen, pantry, etc. TILE, HOLLOW National Fire Proofing Co., 250 Federal St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Standard Wall Construction Bulletin 174, 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Illus- trated. A treatise on the subject of hollow tile wall construction. Natco on the Farm. 834 x 11 in. 38 pp. Illustrated. A treatise on the subject of fire safe and permanent farm building construction. Natco Homes and Garages. Booklet. 7 x 10 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Showing the use of Natco Hollow Tile for private residences. VACUUM CLEANING APPARATUS The Spencer Turbine Company, Hartford, Conn. Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus for all purposes. Booklet. 32 pp. Illus- trated. Complete information on product, showing prominent build- ings equipped with this system. VALVES Crane Co., 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill No. 50 Steam Pocket Catalog. 4 x 6% in. scribes the complete line of the Crane Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Company, 96 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. Gorton Quarter-Turn Packing-Lock Valves. Booklet. 434 x 794 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describing a new type of valve for all systems of steam, hot water and vacuum heating. Jenkins Bros., 80 White Street, New York. The Valve Behind a Good Heating System. Booklet. 4% x 7% in. 16 pp. Color plates. Description of Jenkins Radiator Valves for steam and hot water, and brass valves used as boiler connections. Jenkins Valves for Plumbing Service. Booklet. 4% x 7% in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Description of Jenkins Brass Globe, Angle Check and Gate Valves commonly used in home plumbing, and Iron Body Valves used for larger plumbing installations. 775 pp. Illustrated. De- VARNISH-See Paints, Stains, Varnishes VENETIAN BLINDS Burlington Venetian Blind Co., Burlington, Vt. Venetian Blinds. Booklet. 4% x 7% in. 32 pp. Illustrated. Describes the “Burlington” Venetian blinds, method of operation, advantages of installation to obtain perfect control of light in the room. VENTILATION Clarage Fan Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. Catalog No. 52.8% x 11 in. 84 pp. Illustrated. Describes Clarage Kalamazoo Multiblade Fans and Heaters for use in schools, churches, hospitals and industrial plants. Engineering data, capacity tables and dimensions included. WALL BOARDS Carey Co., The Philip, Cincinnati, Ohio. Carey Board for Better Building. Catalog. 6 x 9 in. 32 pp. Illustrated. WARDROBES W. L. Evans, 700 Block E, Washington, Ind. Pictures That Talk. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illustrated. Ward- robes, in units, with Evans Vanishing Doors, for schools, hospitals, hotels, office buildings and homes. WATER HEATERS Ruud Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Ruud Gas Water Heaters. Bulletins in filing folder describing in- stantaneous automatic water heaters for small homes and special uses, multi-coil automatic storage systems, automatic storage sys- tems and tank water heaters. Details for connections, hot water service and specifications. 19 pp. Illustrated. 8% x 11 in. Ruud Automatic Storage Systems. Catalog of automatic hot water storage systems for domestic, industrial and commercial uses. De- * capacities, dimensions and other data. 24 pp. Illustrated. x 9. 1n. Ruud Multi-Copper-Coil Automatic Storage Systems. Catalog de- scribing automatic hot water storage systems of large capacity for large residences, apartment buildings, hotels, hospitals, gymnasiums and factories. Details, capacities and dimensions for complete line. 32 pp. Illustrated. 6 x 9 in. WATERPROOFING The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio Waterproofing Series A-507-9. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 42 pp. Illus- trated. Thoroughly covers subject of waterproofing concrete, wood and steel preservatives, dustproofing and hardening concrete floors, and accelerating the setting of concrete. Ruberoid Co., The, 95 Madison Ave., N. Y. Impervite. Circular. 8% x 11 in. 4 pp. Illustrated. An integral water- proofing compound for concrete, stucco, cement, mortar, etc. Sandusky Cement Co., Dept. F., Cleveland, Ohio. Medusa Waterproofing. Booklet. 6% x 9 in. 38 pp. Illustrated. Sonneborn Sons, Inc., L., 116 Fifth Ave., New York. Pamphlet. 334 x 834 in. 8 pp. Explanation of waterproofing prin- ciples. Specifications for waterproofing walls, floors, swimming pools and treatment of concrete, stucco and mortar. WATER PURIFIERS Wallace & Tiernan Company, Newark, N. J. Protecting N. Y. Water Supply. Booklet. 10 x 7 in. 24 pp. Illustrated. Describes the chlorinating equipment used for sterilizing N. Y. City water supply; also equipment suitable for sterilizing water supplies of municipalities, industrial plants, private residences, etc. WATER SOFTENERS Permutit Company, The, 440 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. Permutit-Water softened to No (Zero) Hardness. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 32 pp. Describing the original Zeolite process of softening water to zero hardness. An essential for homes, hotels, apartment houses, swimming pools, laundries, textile mills, paper mills, ice plants, etc., in hard water districts. WEATHER STRIPS Monarch Metal Products Co., 5000 Penrose St., St. Louis, Mo. Monarch Metal Weatherstrips. A. I. A. Class 19 e 14. Manual, 7% x 1034 in. 48 pp. Illus. Designed for architects and specification writers, showing details of windows, doors and other openings and the proper manner of installing Monarch strips. It also shows various strips made by this company. Fourteen pages are devoted to window leak- age and radiation calculations. The Higgin Manufacturing Co., Newport, Ky. Higgin All-Metal Weather Strips. Booklet. 6 x 9 in. 12 pp. Illustrated in colors. Describes various types of Higgin Weather Strips for sealing windows and doors against cold and dust. WINDOW HARDWARE, CASEMENT Hoffman Mfg. Co., Andrew, 900 Steger Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Hoffman Casement Fixtures. Architects' Portfolio. 8% x 11 in. 30 pp. º Scale details for mill-work, installation, etc., in new and old work. Monarch Metal Products Co., 5000 Penrose St., St. Louis, Mo. Monarch Casement Hardware. A. I. A. Class 27 c 2. Manual. 7% x 10% in. 20 pp. Shows details of casement windows and manner of installing Monarch casement hardware, for both outswinging and inswinging types. Monarch control locks are designed for installation under sill and to operate outswinging casements without removing screens. Richards-Wilcox Mfg. Co., Aurora, Ill. Casement Window Hardware. Booklet. 24 pp. 8% x 11 in, Illus- trated. Shows typical installations, detail drawings, construction #. blue-prints if desired. Describes AiR-Way Multifold Window arolware. N N 2 Z June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 95 Snug and Easy ſ #Free and easy?” Yes. But snug and easy, too! iFor Lupton Projected Sash is both “snug” when shut and “easy” to open. It combines the close fit of hinged ventilators with the easy control of pivoted ventilators. And the Lupton “Projected” movement holds the ventilators open at any angle without fasteners; there's nothing to project into the room, nothing to work loose, nothing to rattle. Just “push” to open; “pull” to shut. To its close fit and free movement, Lupton Projected Sash "adds all the other desirable qualities of solid steel windows: freedom from seasonal swelling and shrinking, cleanness of line, large glass area per unit opening, and the durability of 'solid metal. Yet its cost in standard sizes is surprisingly low! For offices, schools, hospitals, clubs, etc., where easy con- trol and protection against rain are desired. Use standard sizes where possible. They are correctly pro- A pole hook is used to unlatch and - - - - slightly open the upper ventilator. portioned; prices are based on quantity production, and For full opening, a pull-down ring deliveries can be promptly made. is attached to the top bar of the ven- tilator. DAVID LUPTON'S SONS COMPANY Witte and Tulip Streets, Philadelphia Chicago Cleveland Detroit Buffalo Atlanta New York Pittsburgh Boston St. Louis Baltimore Agents in other cities Dallas L_ Steel Windows for all types źw of buildings dº LINVESTRA ENTVALUET PROJECTED SASH 96 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM SERVICE SECTION June, 1923 N SELECTED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS PUBLICATIONS – Continued from page 94 WINDOWS, CASEMENT ward and inward opening casements. % WINDOWS, STEEL and BRONZE specifications for installation. he Kawneer Company, Niles, Mich. and builders. sash for apartments, hotels, etc., shown. International Casement Company, Jamestown, N. Y. - International Casements. Catalog, 8% x 11 in. 224 pp. Illustrated. tains complete data on all types of Truscon Steel Windows. Valuable book, containing photographs and measured drawings of all D ãº. of buildings, gº; º windows. - ton' - - - ., Phi - D *. upton's Sons Co., Allegheny Ave. and Tulip St., Philadelphia, WOO See also Millwork dows, with profuse illustrations and full details. Detroit Steel Products Company, Detroit, Mich. Fenestra Basement Windows. Booklet. 3% x 694 - in 16 pp. Illustrated. Describes steel basement windows, their à vantages, details and thoroughly covered in the Fenestra General Catalog. WINDOWS, STEEL and BRONZE–Continued Crittall Casement Window Co., 10951 Hearn Ave., Detroit, Mich. - > - Catalog No. 22.9 x 12 in. 76 pp. Illustrated. Photographs of actual David Lupton’s Sons Co.—Continued work accompanied by scale details for casements and composite steel windows for banks, office buildings, hospitals and residences. Hoffman Mfg. Co., Andrew, 900 Steger Bldg., Chicago, Ill Catalog No. 110.8% x 11 in. 72 pp. Illustrated. A condensed version of the No. 11 or general catalog. The new Lupton Projected Sash completely described. Hoffman Casements. Architects' Portfolio. 8% x 11 in. 30 pp. Loose- Air and Light in Machine Shops. Booklet, 6 x 9 in.,42 º Illus- leaf. Scale details for mill-work, installation, etc., in new and old trated. The proper building layout and selection of the right types work. of steel sash for best results in daylighting and ventilating in machine Hºpi * Sons, Henry, 103 Park Avenue, New York. shops. L^ - - - atalog. 1234 x 18% in. 30 pp. Illustrated. Full size details of out- Truscon Steel Company, 250 W. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich. Truscon Steel Windows. Catalog. 8% - 11 in 80 pp. Illustrated. Con- Casements and Double Hung Windows. Catalog. 8% x 11 in. 44 pp. American Walnut Mfrs. Association, 618 So. Michigan Blvd., Illustrated. Shows new Lupton Casements and Double Hung Win- Chicago, Ill. American Walnut. Booklet. 7 x 9 in 45 pp. Illustrated. A very useful and interesting little book on the use of Walnut in Fine Furniture with illustrations of pieces by the most notable furniture-makers from the time of the Renaissance down to the present. Real American, Walnut. Furniture. Folder. 8% x 11 in. 4, pp. Illus- trated. Tells how to identify the genuine and avoid the substitute in buying “Walnut" furniture. Fenestra Reversible Ventilator Windows. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 20 pp. Curtis Companies Service Bureau, Clinton, Iowa. Illustrated. Describes the details of this new model window, as well Better Built Homes, Vols. XV-XVIII incl. Booklet. 9 x 12 in. 40 pp. as the variety it offers for attractive architectural design. Illustrated. Designs for houses of five to eight rooms, respectively, Fenestra Counter-Balanced Windows. Catalog. 8% X 11 in. 111 pp. in several authentic types, by Trowbridge & Ackerman, architects, Illustrated. Details and specifications are thoroughly covered in the for the Curtis Companies. Fenestra General Catalog. Fenestra Industrial Window Walls. Catalog. 834 x 11 in. 111 pp. Illus- Mahogany Association, Inc., 1133 Broadway, New York, N.Y. trated. Details and specifications, with photographic illustrations, are The Home Beautiful. Booklet. 4 x 12 in. 6 pp. Illustrated. Shows use of mahogany woodwork in the modern home, with floor plan and comparative costs. Kawneer Simplex Windows. Catalog. 834 x 10% in. 16 pp. Illus- - - - - - trated. Complete information, with measured details, of Kawneer P º º jº Mºº ſº | ib Simplex Weightless Reversible Window Fixtures, made of solid aniornia º th.” º º 1n. f º º eq. Descri . bronze, Shows installations in residences and buildings of all sorts. &#*...*.*. e production, manufacture and various uses o Detail Sheets and Installation Instructions. Valuable for architects Redwood Construction Digest. Booklet. 8% x 11 in. 16 pp. Illus- trated. Redwood and its Uses in the Construction Field. Contains - - in S - - David Lupton's Sons Co., Allegheny Ave. and Tulip St., Philadelphia, specifications and other information of interest to architects and 8. Lupton Service—Products No. 11. Book. 8% x 11 in. 192 pp. Illus- trated. The full line of Lupton products described and illustrated. Separate chapter on Designing Service. Many new types of steel builders generally. WOOD FINISHES-See Paints, Varnishes, Stains 2 N 2 The new Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif.-equipped with a Pfaudler Glass Lined Laundry Chute and a Pfaudler 2-, Rubbish Chute (unenameled) ** zº. Our plans Will not be complete/ —unless you specify the Pfaudler Glass Lined Laundry Chute. - This is the common opinion of architects all over the country, , especially architects who do a preponderance of hospital - and hotel work. Laundry disposal is so fraught with , every possible measure of inconvenience, germ-trans- 2' - - - - - - THE mission and labor-cost that a device which will , PFAUDLER Co automatically eliminate these difficulties is wel- > * Rochester, N.Y. .” A.F.6-23 1923 - …” - comed. Hence, the popularity of the Pfaudler … “” - 2^ Send me, without obliga. Chute. Send for new descriptive booklet , tion, your newly printed * brochure describing the Glass THE PFAUDLER CO. … Lined steel Laundry chute. - New York Rochester, N.Y. Chicago … N*- San Francisco London Sydney , Address – – - ſº GLAss LINED LAUNDRY CHUTE June, 1923 97 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM The Mosler Safe CO. The Largest and Most Complete Safe Works in the World Designers and Builders of Safes, Bank Vaults, Safe Deposit Boxes, Locks Hamilton, Ohio A Half Century of Experience The following Federal Reserve Banks are using Vaults Built and Installed by us Federal Reserve Bank San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank Atlanta, Ga. (3 Vaults) Federal Reserve Bank Kansas City, Mo. (2 Vaults) Federal Reserve Bank Dallas, Texas (2 Vaults) Federal Reserve Bank New Orleans Federal Reserve Bank Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank Birmingham Factories at Hamilton, Ohio Federal Reserve Bank Helena Federal Reserve Bank Seattle Federal Reserve Bank Nashville Federal Reserve Bank El Paso Federal Reserve Bank Houston Federal Reserve Bank Richmond (Interior Work) Federal Reserve Bank Oklahoma City The Following Banks Described In This Issue Are Equipped With Mosler Patent Bank Vaults First National Bank Wallingford, Conn. National Exchange Bank Augusta, Ga. First National Bank Lyndhurst, N. J. Security National Bank Sheboygan, Wis. First National Bank Boston, Mass. Other Leading Banks Equipped With Mosler Patent Bank Vaults NATIONAL CITY BANK New York City GUARANTY TRUST CO. New York City BANKERS TRUST CO. New York City GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. New York City - FIRST NATIONAL BANK Chicago, Ill. CHICAGO TRUST CO. Chicago, Ill. NATIONAL SAFE DEPOSIT CO. Chicago, Ill. PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK Philadelphia, Pa. FOURTHISTREET NATIONAL BANK Philadelphia, Pa. FIRST NATIONAL BANK (Building) Boston, Mass. COMMON WEALTH TRUST CO. Boston, Mass. MELLON NATIONAL BANK Pittsburgh, Pa. DIAMOND NATIONAL BANK Pittsburgh, Pa. UNION TRUST COMPANY Pittsburgh, Pa. HIBERNIA BANK & TRUST CO. New Orleans, La. WHITNEY-CENTRAL NATIONAL - New Orleans, La. CANAL-COMMERCIAL TRUST & SAV- INGS BANK New Orleans, La. commonwealth. BANKING & TRUST O Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE Detroit, Mich. MERCANTILE TRUST CO. St. Louis, Mo. LA FAYETTE SOUTH SIDE BANK St. Louis, Mo. FIRST NATIONAL BANK Denver, Colo. DExTER-HORTON NATIONAL BANK Seattle, Wash. MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK Los Angeles, Calif. UNION BANK & TRUST CO. Los Angeles, Calif. AMERICAN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK Dallas, Texas NATIONAL BANK OF KENTUCKY Louisville, Ky. LOWREY NATIONAL BANK Atlanta, Ga. MEYER-KISER BANK Indianapolis, Ind. FIRST NATIONAL BANK Fort Wayne, Ind. Plans, Specifications and Estimates Furnished Upon Request 98 June, 1923 * T H E ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 2 Ž 2% N Ž The Operation of Any Sash Can Be No Better Than the Pulley Used in It OOD sash pulleys should be used always. Rust-resisting, electri- cally welded" American"Sash Pulleys may be had in grades for all building requirements. For the very finest sash, which should run smoothly and quietly, there is no finer sash pulley than the "American High Grade,” shown above. This handsome sash pulley may be had in a variety of finishes to match other hardware. Special literature describes this and other American Sash Pulleys—sent on request See Our Catalog in Sweet's The American Pulley Co. Manufacturers of Steel Split Transmission Pulleys, Steel Sash Pulleys and Pressed Steel Shapes 4200 Wissahickon Avenue Philadelphia, Pa. MERICAN SAS|H|| American Sash Chain represents the maximum in strength and wearing qualities. It will outwear any other type of sash suspension material and always sustains its load. tº º º ( No. 130 No. 80 No. 100 No. 250 We have standardized the sizes of chain to corre- spond with the weights of sash for which they are intended. No. 80, for 80 pound double-hung Sash -- 100, -- 100 -- -- -- -- -- 130, -- 130 -- -- -- -- -- 250, -- 250 -- -- -- -- American Chain Company Incorporated Bridgeport, ſº CO Connecticut Nº. Boston * -- ~~ Philadelphia Chicago Pittsburgh New York -- San Francisco Omaha Technical High School, Omaha, Neb. F. W. and E. B. Clarke, Architects, Omaha, Neb. 24,000 Feet No. 0 “Giant Metal” Sash Chain Furnished For This Building CATALOG AND CHAIN BOOKLET ON REQUEST See Page 1191, Sweet's Catalog N N z The Smith & Egge Mfg. Co. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. ORIGINATOR'S OF SASH CHAINS June, 1923 99 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM “The “MERIT HAS MADE THEM FAMOUS” WORLD'S LARGEST BANKS’’ Years of experience, engineering skill and unrivaled manufacturing facili- ties won for us in succession the con- tracts to build the vaults for the Fed- eral Reserve Banks of New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Pitts- burgh and Cleveland. The “Chicago Banker”—September 2, 1922–referred to these institu- tions as “the Six Largest Banks in the Federal Reserve Districts,” and described the immense vaults recent- ly installed or now building for them by us as the “WORLD'S LARGEST AND STRONGEST BANK VAULTS EVER BUILT.” The WORLD'S SMALLEST BANKS Like qualifications have enabled us to build vaults of the highest quality for many hundreds of small banks, and at a cost justly proportioned to the bank's capital and surplus and strict- ly within the bank's means. OUR AIM: Service of Character and Service We have been, can be and want to be of service to Architects. Why not let one of our Engineers talk to you be- fore you decide finally upon the vault plans for your client? The service will cost you nothing nor will it obligate you in any way. - | º Shop view of vault door now being installed for Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland, Ohio. The door is 7 feet thick and weighs upward of 200,- 000 pounds. YORK SAFE & LOCK CO. New York Cleveland St. Paul San Francisco Chicago Baltimore YORK, PENNSYLVANIA Kansas City New Haven, Conn. Philadelphia Pittsburgh Omaha Jacksonville, Fla. Boston St. Louis Denver Montreal, Canada 100 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 *AMWOUVCEMENT RELIANCE FIREPROOF DOOR COMPANY ANNOUNCE THAT THEY ARE NOW LOCATED IN THEIR NEW MODERN BUILDING AT 77–103 DOBBIN STREET 181-205 BANKER STREET BROOKLYN, N. Y. WITH INCREASED FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF KALAMEIN DOORS AND WINDOWS AND TWO ADDITIONAL DEPARTMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTRUDED BRONZE DOORS, WINDOWS AND STORE FRONTS and FURNITURE STEEL DOORS AND FRAMES YOUR INSPECTION IS CORDIALLY INVITED - Sº M. - H |E|ºr ~7 C- this House- º' | THE CUTLER S-e- | |- ==Prº º tº L ---- - ºxº #º */ - | º ſº Made in our own 3 º' Garbage Goes | factory. Installed by Nº ſº up the Chimney our own experienced | || | *tiºllº T |º CCEPTANCE of the "Kernerator as \ Ö | Nº \ A “standard practice” in residences and º | N W . apartments of the better class is steadily \\ | º!" \\ increasing. The Kernerator—built-in-the- \|W. % Ø|ANY chimney—through years of satisfying use - Zº in thousands of installations, has perma- nently answered the question of garbage and waste disposal. Through the convenient hopper door (shown below) all waste is dropped into the brick combustion chamber in the basement. There, an occasional lighting burns all combustibles. Non-combustibles, rendered germ free, are carried out with the ashes. The Kernerator cannot be installed in ex- isting buildings—it must be built in when house is erected. For details see Sweet's 1922 (page 2124) or write— KERNER INCINERATOR CO. 1015 Chestnut St. Milwaukee, *% ! / º + % - % - %| |-A - º erectors, insuring uni- form high quality and prompt completion. Estimates and full data on request. Illustration shows Special Residence Mail Box. Size 12" x 6' x 34". Send for description and price. CUTLER MAIL CHUTE CO. OFFICES AND FACTORY ROCHESTER, N. Y. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 1 O 1 *Ill||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| sº G.A.F. G ENT . Residence of Mr. Percy L. Neel F. Seeburger } - |EAFEENT e - y § Fºod Architects HARDWARE Merion, Penna. Milton W. Young, Contractor Shields & Brother, Hardware Contractors The importance of using care and discrimination in the selection of hardware for the equipment of suburban residences designed for people of culture is generally appreciated by architects. Unlike decora- tions or even furnishings, the hardware once selected is seldom re- placed during the life of the structure. At first thought this might appear to be a rather serious situation, but after all, where SAR GENT LOCKS AND HARDWARE are used there is no occasion or desire for a change. SARGENT & COMPANY Makers of Locks and Hardware NEW HAVEN - CONNECTICUT NEw York CHICAGo SARGENT HARDWARE is sold in all cities by representative dealers ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| -- l- F 102 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Won HBuprit Self-Releasing Fire Exit Latches Specify— YJon HBuprin Self-Releasing Fire Exit Latches, as approved by the Underwriters’ Lab or at ories (Inc.) of the Na- tional Board of Fire Underwriters. Report No. S. A. 163; Guide No. 100-F 24. Low Cost Insurance Laying aside everything except the cold dollars-and-cents side of the question, Y) on ABuprin Self-Releasing Fire Exit Latches are remarkably cheap insurance for the building OWner. They are effective insurance against loss of life or limb through panic, particularly panic caused by fire or the fear of fire. The cost of a fire panic in a building is often fearfully high, and after the lawsuits, grand jury investigations and scandals have subsided this cost is paid in cold cash. The cost of ¥ſon HBuprim latches as insurance against panic fatalities is ridiculously low in comparison. Merely as insurance, Y) on HBuprin latches cost so little that it seems wise to insist on their inclusion in the specifications of any building which is to house large numbers of people. And we believe you'll agree that it is wise to call to the at- tention of prospective building owners the fact that no Y) on 3Duprin latch, anywhere, has ever failed to operate in an emergency. Write for Catalog 12-F, or see “Sweet's,” pages 1323–1327. WONNEGUT HARDWARE (b. Indianapolislnd. Miles Standish School, Cleveland , Ohio June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 103 STRENGTH IN DOOR DESIGN T is now unnecessary to use heavy cast doors for bank entrances. The use of hollow metal will give that de- gree of strength and dignity to the bank entrance which entrance doors should portray. Geo. N. Ray Architect Riggs National Bank Bldg. Washington, D. C. Without the expense burden of cast work, Dahlstrom hollow metal doors give that dignified appearance and sense of strength so much admired. They are made from highest grade ma- terials by skilled workmen. The name is a guarantee of quality and satisfac- tion. DAHLSTROM METALLIC DOOR COMPANY 493 Buffalo Street, Jamestown, New York NEW YORK CHICAGO DETROIT 25 Broadway 19 So. LaSalle St. 1331 Dime Bank Bldg. Local representatives in principal cities 104 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 The Riggs National Bank, Washing- ton, D.C., 14th & Park Road Office. George N. Ray, Architect. Lupton Steel Casements HE outward-opening steel casement, due to its inherent beauty of form, is peculiarly suited to banks and other fine business buildings. Lupton Steel Casements possess all the beauty and dignity of Old World casement design. In addition, they are suited to American methods of manufacture, whereby accuracy and uniformity of product are maintained on a quantity scale. Besides the usual side-hinged types, Lupton Case- ments are made in the Lupton “Projected” type, opening out-at-bottom or in-at-top, and using a bal- anced frictional movement instead of adjusters. Both side-hinged and “Projected” types are used with marked appropriateness in the new 14th and Park Road Office of The Riggs National Bank, Wash- ington, D. C., here shown. Rear elevations of The Riggs Na- tional Bank, 14th and Park Road *Q Q. Office, showing use of Lupton Case- DAVID LUPTON S SONS COMPANY ments with Lupton “Projected” Witte and Tulip Streets, Philadelphia movement, out-at-bottom and in- at-top. Chicago Cleveland Detroit Buffalo Atlanta New York Pittsburgh Boston St. Louis Baltimore Agents in other cities Dallas Steel Windows 34\\\\ for all types INVESTNMW ENT VA - - |IN LUE | of buildings PROJECTED SASH June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 105 The Control of Air Infiltration Around Windows and Doors is a Problem for the Heating Engineer AIR infiltration, or inleakage, bears a vital relation to heating. The less inleakage, the less radiation required. Yet, under the general practice of architects in letting the heating contract separate from the general contract, the heating engineer, who must bear responsibility for Satisfactory heating at lowest cost for radiation, has no control over the inleakage. The selection of the type of metal weather strips is just as much a ques- tion of good engineering as the selection of a boiler, the pipe covering, size of valves, or the amount of radiation, for upon the efficiency of the strip selected depends, in large measure, the success of the heat- ing installation. Therefore the owner, through the architect, should have the oppor- tunity of placing the responsibility for both the initial cost of the heat- ing plant, and its continuous operation, squarely on the shoulders of the heating engineer. We strongly recommend that architects omit weather strips from the general specifications and give to the heating engineer the control of air infiltration. Send for our "Tables of b.t. u, losses through air infiltration around doors and windows” MONARCH METAL PRODUCTS CO., 5000 Penrose Street, St. Louis, Mo. NMONARCH METAL weATHER stFIPs & - 106 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 FIREPRO OF VENEERED DOORS oAND TRIM - Showing Magnified asbestos section be- sheathing fore veneer indented is applied into core Bank Architecture Demands Appropriatelighting Fixtures Y HE massiveness of proportion which makes a bank building impressive requires fixtures in har- mony. An exceptionally large selec- tion of original designs, suitable to this and other styles of architecture, is what the Smyser-Royer line af. fords you. There are 360 in all, including brack- et and hanging lanterns, pier and post lamps of every kind. The beauty of public or private buildings and grounds is almost invariably enhanced by the addition of suitable Smyser-Royer fix- tures. Our catalog H contains val- uable suggestions for you. Write for a copy. SMYSER – ROYER CO. Main Office and Works, York, Pa. Philadelphia Office, 1609 Sansom St. S M Y S E R - R O YER EXTERIOR LIGHTING FIXTURES YRONO doors and trim are recommended for use in office buildings, hotels, hospitals, apartments, schools and similar types of buildings for the openings to stairways, elevators, pipe shafts, corridor and room parti- tions and wherever ornamental,fireproof doors are desired. Pyrono doors and trim are furnished in any design de- sired and in any cabinet wood. They are installed by carpenters just as regular hardwood doors and trim are installed. A Few Notable Installations Federal Reserve Bank Building, Chicago Federal Reserve Bank Building, Kansas City Cunard Building, New York Hanna Building, Cleveland Drake Hotel, Chicago Empire Hotel, New York Hotel Statler, St. Louis Ohio State Hospital, Columbus Full information with details of construction will be furnished architects upon request The Compound and Pyrono Door Co. Factory and General Offices St. Joseph - Michigan Representatives in All Principal Cities º -*. º- - - The Public Is Told 1 When the Architect says: “Of course, we shall specify McKinney Hinges through- out,” he need not dot the i's nor cross the t's. His reputa- tion predicts faith in his choice. Nation-wide McKinney ad- vertising continually tells the public on what this expert judgment is founded. Many Architects find good use for the McKinney Gen- eral Catalog (just issued in a new enlarged edition), which will be mailed to any Archi- tect on request. McKINNEY MANUFACTURING CO. Pittsburgh, Pa. N/ICKI Hinges and Bu NNEY tts and Hardware June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL 107 FORUM International Casements For Banks U N I O N : M A.P. V.F.T. - NAT 1 O NA # 5 A N K. W A f f. p. T OW N * M A J.J. D = N NIJ on f : H I plo N.J. : : A P.C.Hiſ fict.J . - WILLIAM H. - I L L I f f. f. CC, N tº ACTOp. INTERNATIONAL CASEMENTS SELECTED FOR THE FOLLOWING BANK BUILDINGS BANK BUILDINGS Farmers & Mechanics National Bank, Washington, D.C. Springfield Ave. Trust Bldg., Newark, N. J. Anglo & London Paris Bank, San Francisco, Calif. Jefferson County Savings Bank, Watertown, N. Y. National Exchange Bank, Augusta, Ga. Corn Exchange Bank, New York City, N. Y. Lincoln Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y. Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland, Ohio First National Bank, Plattsburgh, N. Y. Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Co., Toledo, Ohio Buckeye Commercial Savings Bank, Findlay, Ohio State National Bank, Houston, Texas Commercial National Bank, Columbus, Ohio American National Bank, Enid, Okla. Federal Reserve Bank, New Orleans, La. Pershing Square Bldg., New York City, N. Y. Atlas National Bank, Cincinnati, Ohio Federal Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Riggs National Bank, Washington, D. C. Elyria Savings & Trust Co., Elyria, Ohio ARCHITECTS Marsh & Peters Guilbert & Betelle Geo. W. Kelham Lansing & Green Mowbray & Uffinger S. E. Gage Theobald H. Engelhardt Walker & Weeks Harold Jewett Cook Mills, Rhines, Bellman & Nordhoff P. M. Hulsken Alfred C. Finn Mills & Millspaugh Layton Smith & Forsyth Rathbone DeBuys York & Sawyer Tietig & Lee John T. Brugger A. P. Clark Walker & Weeks INTERNATIONAL CASEMENT CO., INC. FACTORY AND EXECUTIVE OFFICES: JAMESTOWN, N. Y. CHEMICAL BUILDING ST. LOUIS, MO. BRANCH SALES OFFICES: 49 FEDERAL STREET 58 E. WASHINGTON STREET CHICAGO, ILL. 101 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK CiTY BOSTON, MASS. AGENTS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES 108 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 - - - Citizens’ Union National Bank and Fidelity and Columbia Trust Co., Louisville, Ky. Architects, D. X. Murphy & Brother, Louisville; Consulting Architects, York & Sawyer, New York HE beauty of the architect's conception for banking screen, entrance doors or grille is enriched by the fidelity and care with which it is executed in Art Metal bronze and steel. Every operation, from the production of detail drawings to installation of the finished product, is a development of the experience gained in a third of a century's leadership in the equipment of banking and business buildings. One bank in every four is Art Metal Equipped Bank June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 109 This beautiful wrought bronze screen in the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston is Art Metal, as is the complete equipment behind it. Architect, R. Clipston Sturgis, Boston. RT METAL Engineers can tap a veritable storehouse of practical in- formation in the service of the architect. No installation is too large and none too small for us to handle. Our long experience in working with architects on banks, libraries, business and public buildings has given us more than a usual knowledge of the problems in- volved. Our mechanical plant and equipment is of a size and completeness which allows us to execute commissions with a minimum of delay. Let us consult with you on your next project. Art Metal Equipment for Banks Counter Fronts Wainscoting Counter Screens Rail and Gates Check Desks Doors Wickets and Grilles Cage Partitions Sign Plates Coupon and Phone Booths Currency Guards Rears of Counters Currency Cages Sorting Racks Coin Guards Coin Trucks Coin Trays Book Trucks Partitions Omnibuses ART METAL CONSTRUCTION CO. JAMESTOWN, N. Y. This book contains many photo- graphs of interesting Art Metal bank installations. May we send you a copy? Equipment in Steel and Bronze 110 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Detail of Mitered Corner — These miters do not open, because metal does not shrink. Doctor's Office, Clinic Building, Kenosha, Wisconsin F. O. DeMoney, Architect, Chicago An Attractive Office HE doors, transoms and bor- When the building is under con- rowed lights in this office build- struction, there is no waiting for ing are trimmed throughout trim after the building is plastered. with Knapp Sanitary Metal Casing. Knapp Sanitary Metal Casing elim- inates projecting trim, with its dusty corners and vermin nest- ing ledges. It reduces the fire hazard, gives a neat cyma mould trim to the door, and reduces maintenance to a minimum. Knapp Trim goes on at the same time as the lathing, and when the plastering is completed, it is ready for finish painting. We have a brochure giving work- ing drawing details and specifica- tions, which will be sent to you upon request. KNAPP BROTHERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 2419 West 14th Street - Chicago, Illinois Flush Cove Base Flush Door Casing Flush Chair and Bed Rail Concealed Picture Mould Bull Nose Metal Corner Protector Flush Window Trim June, 1923 111 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 2. jº'ſ tº- T | º ſºlſ|| || || || || ||º tº tº º | º º º º =\;= N great cities, where huge apart- ment houses crowd in upon each other, sunshine and air are precious; oldest yet most modern of conve- niences which make apartments worth more. Window area, at one time but a tiny percentage of floor area, has been increasing as civilization has progressed. It is still increasing. Per- fection of heating systems allows for still greater expanse of window glass; public health and opinion demand it. Why not? AMERICANWINDOWGl PITTseurg, PA. ANMERICAN WINDOW GLASS CO GENERAL OFFICES: PITTSBURGH, PA. *Greater Income From Tº Better Windows The more window glass the more reason for specifying the make and grade. The greatest beauty, strength and clearness is assured if you spec- ify the American Window Glass Com- pany's products. We maintain the highest grading stand- ards under double inspection methods and then mark every box for your guidance and assurance of quality. American Window Glass grades higher than other window glass having the same grade markings. Specify the best —it costs no more. ASS(0. U.S.A. BRANCHES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 % - Referring to the electric gate opener which Typical Office Waller Bldg. Chicago R. T. Newberry Architect see ovn cataloce: | Swee 3. ſº- Pages 1310–1314 Andrew Hoffman JMfg Co. Hoffman Casement Win8 ow Hoffman Casements BOTH sashes may be moved to either jamb, deflecting air cur- rents in the desired direction and assuring plenty of ventilation without disturbing desk papers. IN colder weather the sashes are set as in the second window pro- viding ventilation without direct draft. CLEANING from inside, elimi- nating safety belts, etc., is also a desirable and economical feature. Portfolio of Detailed Draw- 900 Steger Building Jº ings mailed to architects - - — Fºr 1; - Chicago Write for illustrated booklet upon request-Filing size g of interest to home builders *-º-º- -- Theſiºłyńſimildlifiaukufiſm; Angeles Capitat surplus and profits $7500.000 tº *Angeles March 24, 1922. Mr. Geo. 3. Warnum, 94% west 16th Street, Los Angeles, Calif. near sir: you installed in our safe deposit department some five years ago and which we were compelled to remove recently during alterations in our safe deposit department, we will advise that as the new work has now been completed we desire to have this gate opener reinstalled. our experience with the opener for the period of five years the same was in operation was such that we consider it an essential fixture for the safe deposit department, and an examination of the device after the five years of service leads us to beiieve that the life of the fixture would be equal to that of the vault itself. - - - Appreciating your prompt action in installing this device, I remain Varnum Electric Door Engines are used extensively on grille doors or gates in front of Safe Deposit Vaults. They add to Banking Service and assure absolute protection. Send for blue prints and catalogue. VARNUM DOOR ENGINE CO. 949 West 16th St. — Los Angeles, Calif. 2 i Vertical Galvanized Wires Horizontal Galvanized wires Clinton Welded Sheathing ~ Plaster Horizontal and Vertical wires on Opposite sides of Tarred Felt - Electrically Welded Through Smål Hole in Felt More than a plaster support—a wire re- inforcement for stucco or plaster. Damp proof and vermin proof. Easily handled. Fireproof in steel construction; fire retard- ing in wood construction. Mortar keys com- pletely around the wires and adheres to asphaltic felt backing Complete information upon request WICKWIRE SPENCER STEEL CORPORATION 41 East Forty-second Street, New York Worcester Buffalo Detroit Chicago San Francisco June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 113 For central heating plants— Low Pressure Boilers YEAR AGO the officials of Antioch College A took out their worn-out heating plant, and installed a single modern IDEAL 79" Water Tube Sectional Boiler. After a winter of real service the Dean of the college, Phillip C. Nash, wrote: “Your IDEAL 79" Water Tube Boiler is the only heating unit of our central heating plant. It warms the two dor- mitories, each of ninety rooms; the main college building of twenty-seven rooms; the assembly hall and the gym- nasium. Steam is also furnished by it for heating all the hot water used at the college. “The boiler is giving such excellent service that we shall install another unit of the same kind when we add other buildings.” Saving fuel is but one of many advantages of the IDEAL 79" Boiler. Its unusual construction, fire tests, capacity charts, and many other inter- “Antioch College,Yellow Springs, Ohio, which is warmed by a single IDEAL 79" Water Tube Boiler. 11,000 eet of radiation are at- tached to this low pressure, sec- tional boiler, which furnishes steam for domestic hot water as well. Price Brothers Construction Co. of Dayton, O., installed the boiler. The architect was Prof. Grandgut of the college.” - ºr " ºf ºf . rººtſ: ºrt tº ºut º … " º prºl." ". . º, - --- … - * * * * | - - sº- A. º: º esting points, have all been con- densed into an attractive booklet which every Architect and Heating Engineer should have. Send for it to either address below. Your name on your letter-head will bring it. AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators for every heating need A. 104 West 42nd Street, Dept. T-91 ERICAN DEAL 816 So. Michigan Ave., Dept. T-91 * NEW YORK RADIATORS BOILERS CHICAGO 2 Twº- –Z -T 114 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM § The Architect And His Prejudices HAT prejudices the architect holds toward auto- matic temperature regulation, deservedly as they may be, must not confuse him with the present, result proving construction of The Johnson Pneumatic System Of Temperature Regulation. As one example: Johnson thermostats and diaphragm valves are provided with metal diaphragms: supplying automatic tem- perature regulation that will not wear out, deteriorate with age, or require repairs due to deterioration of materials; and furnishing, consequently, a system that does not fail to function or vary in its functioning as required. The John- son System, in full and in truth, is the consummation of what the architect, himself, has always deemed desirable in automatic temperature regulation for institutions, public buildings and large residences: The architect cannot re- main prejudiced when informed on Johnson construction and the results The Johnson System is yielding its users. Johnson Service Company Milwaukee AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION FOR THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS Tw ENTY-SIX BRANCHES – UNITED STATES AND CANADA June, 1923 115 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM ſ Fl ºUNHº M. REG. TRADE MARK HEATING SERVICE Heating the Chateau Frontenac on the Heights of Old Quebec HEN Winter Car- nival is King at this delightful year 'round re- sort the Dunham Heat- ing Equipment installed here contributes its great share of comfort for the festive court. Chateau Frontenac is the pride of the Canadian Pacific Railway System and no factor that promotes guest contentment has been minimized or overlooked. The new addition shown in the center is completely Dunhamized; the older sections have been almost entirely changed over to Dunham, and the balance will be Dunham equipped as soon as circum- stances permit. Heating such vast projects is the everyday business of an organization that is known throughout the United States and Canada for its technical skill and the fine mechanical equipment that assures in every application of Dunham heating principles complete and lasting Service. Architects and engineers are invited to consult with the nearest branch sales office about heating that new building or changing over unsatisfactory equipment to Dunham. Dunham will reduce your problem to its simplest factors in comprehensible terms. C. A. DUNHAM CO. 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago, Ill. 57 Branch and Local Sales Offices in the United States and Canada 116 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK Dallas, Texas Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Architects W. manufacture the complete line of Specialties used in Illinois Vapor and Vacuum Systems. Specifying Illi- nois Systems gives balanced design and centralized responsibility, together with our guarantee of results. ILLINOIS WAPOR SYSTEMS are a step in advance; in addition to positive and quick circulation of steam, noiseless operation, and easy control of room temperatures, they insure an ex- clusive fuel economy, as in average win- ter weather they only require two firing º periods of one or two hours each per 24 hours. These Systems merit your investigation Write for Bulletin 20 GIFFORD PRODUCTS - -º-º-º: THE WOOLWORTH BUILDING Cass Gilbert, Architect - Thompson-Starrett Co., Contractors A Wire Glass installation from the Western Union Building through a Polished Wire Glass installation. || ||NOIS | | <> Missºlvitºus ºn ENGINEERING (COMPANY - - - V sº - St. .." Fifth Avenue, New "... incorportAºEp 1966 CHICAGO REPRESENTATIVES IN 26 CITIES % - & º June, 1923 117 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM | For Heating All Large Buildings A. F. CLAS, Architect MITCHELL PARK CONSERVATORY, MILWAUKEE, WIS. Heated by Two W-4011 and One W-409 Super-Smokeless Boilers C. J. FOX & SON, Heating Contractors UTICA-IMPERIAL SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS Burn Soft Coal Smokelessly and with Exceptional Economy UPER-SMOKELESS Boilers burn all grades of soft coal efficiently and in compliance with the most rigid city smoke ordinances. Any available fuel may be used, including coke, anthracite, lignite, fuel oil or gas. Heating costs with SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers are exceptionally low. This is proved repeatedly by installa- tions which have replaced other types of boilers—less coal is required annually and cheaper grades may be used. The clean, smokeless operation and resulting fuel econ- omy is due to the patented “Bunsen Burner” design of the boiler. A water-jacketed baffle wall, with openings above the fire, permits the entry of highly heated air, thus supplying the additional oxygen required to main- tain a CO2 mixture of gases. Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers are made in thirty-one sizes each for steam or hot water heating. Thousands of large buildings in the United States and a number abroad are now equipped with these efficient and economical smokeless boilers. Our complete catalog lists and illustrates many types of buildings heated by SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers. Architects are invited to send for the 1923. Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler Catalog. A special report, covering inspections of boilers in practical operation, may also be obtained. UTICA HEATER COMPANY, Utica, N. Y. 707 Union Building CLEVELAND, O. 218-220 West Kinzie Street CHICAGO, ILL. 5620 Grand Central Terminal NEW YORK, N.Y. Atlanta Cleveland Birmingham Columbus Boston Dallas Buffalo Dayton Cedar Rapids Denver Charlotte, N. C. Detroit Chicago Fort Wayne Cincinnati Grand Rapids Indianapolis New York Kansas City, Mo. Oklahoma City Knoxville Omaha Louisville Philadelphia Memphis Pittsburgh Milwaukee St. Louis Minneapolis Salt Lake City Nashville Washington SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler Patented Jan. 10, 1922 | | | 118 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM The residence of Mr. J. E. Adamson, Monoco Boulevard, Denver, Colorado. A number 30 Ruud Automatic Storage System furnishes the hot water supply Ruud-The All-Quality Line - º As =TS- “ CR | Tº is the Ruud Archi- tect's Specification folder, printed in a size to fit your files, and containing in compact and workable form, all data necessary to the specification of Ruud Gas Water Heaters. Write for There is a type of Ruud for every purse and purpose—but only one quality HERE are five types and seventeen sizes of Ruud Gas Water Heaters and from the No. 25 Ruud Double Copper-Coil Tank Heater to the huge No. 5oo-5oo Multi-Coil Automatic Storage System there has always been and always will be, but one standard of quality—the highest. The Ruud that is built for the smallest of homes is as much a quality product as the Ruud that gives Perfect Hot Water Service to the largest of build- ings. For Ruud started quality at the bottom and built it in every type and every size—all the way to the top. Since 1889 the decision to build Quality has been a basic, fundamental principle of Ruud manufacture. of Gas Water Heaters RUUD MANUFACTURING COMPANY your copy. PITTSBURGH, PENNA B R A N C H E S IN A L L L A R G E CITIES --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-T-I-T-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-TT-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tº-Tºtº ºr ºr nºtºr ºr tº Tº "" " ' " " " " " " " " ' " " ' " ' "I'l','l','l','l','l','l','l','l','ºlºlºlºlºlººlººlººlººlººlºº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-ººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººl!" June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 119 Making the Bank a place to rest - - - USINESS is done where people like to do business. At- mosphere plays a big part in building a congenial feel- ing toward any store or concern. How comfortable it is to come out of the cold of winter into a warm, airy lobby free from that feeling of overheated stuffiness; how refreshing to enter from the heat of summer into the coolness of a columned arcade—here one can trans- act business with a clear head free from the irritation that comes with bad air and poor ventilation. Banks of today look to the feelings and attitude of their cus- tomers and supply their great rooms with fresh, temperate air. For this purpose Clarage-Kalamazoo heating and ventilat- ing systems, with or without humidifying systems, are ideal. They can be depended upon to supply adequate amount of pure, fresh air, properly warmed in winter, properly cooled in Summer. And with excellent service comes Clarage endurance, the result of Clarage strength and Clarage smooth running. Let us send you a Clarage bulletin describing Clarage-Kalamazoo Multiblade Fans for heating and ventilating: it will be your guide to better ventilation—and better business conditions. - - CLARAGE FAN COMPANY KALAMAZOO, MICH. BRANCHES: New York City St. Louis Chicago H E L E . . . . Minneapolis Detroit Indianapolis as |Cleveland Los Angeles Rochester, N. Y. º | º - Pittsburgh Memphis Boston Philadelphia Complete fan stocks carried in New York, Pittsburgh and special stocks in Memphis Lºſ ARAGE * KALAMAZDD w The Straus Bldg., New York City, is equipped with two Clarage-Kala- mazoo Multiblade Fans. Warren & Wetmore, New York City, archi- tects; Thompson-Starrett, New York City, contractors 120 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Valves for Banks The strength, permanence and reliability of a banking institution are usually reflected in the bank building. It is general for banks to be equipped, in every detail, with the best. Jenkins Valves, recognized for their quality and merit, have the preference wherever in- stallations are considered on the basis of ser- vice and low maintenance cost. In practically every locality, in large and small bank build- ings, you will find Jenkins Valves. - Fig. 370. Scr d - - - stº"Bºate Valves for plumbing, heating, fire protection, Valve. - - power plant-in fact valves for every require- ment in a bank can be supplied from the com- prehensive line. You provide permanence when you specify genuine Jenkins Valves. JENKINS BROS. New York Boston Philadelphia Chicago Fig. 325. Screwed Montreal London Standard - Iron Body Gate Valve. In the new Bowery Savings Bank Build- ing, New York City, Jenkins Valves in types illustrated, and others, are installed. Fig. 141. Screwed Standard Iron Body Globe Valve. - - - ſ º |ºr |Fº y ; . Fig. 331. Flanged Standard Iron Body Gate Valve, rising spindle, outside screw and yoke. Fig. 117. Screwed - Standard Bronze Horizontal Check *- Val Always marked with the "Diamond" enkinsWalves SINCE 1864. 2802-J June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 121 =. H =l - * * - - * - as º = Residence of Charles A. Porter, jr. Horace Trumbauer, Architect Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia More Heat with Less Coal Aº an experience like that of the heating tubes. The proof that almost all past winter, when good coal was diffi- of the heat goes where it belongs, into cult to procure at any price, and when the house and not up the chimney, is the even poor coal was costly and difficult to fact that the smoke pipe is so cool that you get, the matter of an efficient heating can lay your hand on it without burning. system becomes an important issue. The heat has been absorbed by the pure air For economy in coal con- drawn in through the sup- sumption the Kelsey Warm ply duct and distributed Air Generator deserves evenly through the house at your careful consideration. a velocity which insures per- The main reason why it fect circulation. We shall be economizes on fuel is be- glad to give you any de- cause of the scientific con- tailed information about the struction of its zig-zag Kelsey that you desire. Our Engineering Department works out each individual heating problem and furnishes detailed plans and specifications. Send for “Kelsey Systems of Heating and Ventilation, Gravity and Mechanical” NEW YORK H E. KE LS E. BOSTON - 565-F Fifth Avenue WARM AIR GEnB.RATOR 405-F P. O. Square Bldg. (Trade Mark Registered) 251 James St., Syracuse, N. Y. BROCKVILLE, ONT., CANADA-Canada Foundries and Forgings, Ltd. =| Trade Mark Registered 122 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 | S P E N C E R C E N T R A L CLEANING SY S T E M S installed in many of the best buildings of all types throughout the United States, were naturally selected for several of the notable bank buildings illustrated in this issue, in- cluding the BOWERY SAVINGS BANK, New York City, York & Sawyer, Architects (herein illustrated). $ s s in many bank buildings. i ---- ii ment for any building. Spencer portable truck type machines are also used Our engineers will be glad to make recommenda- tions as to the most suitable type of cleaning equip- Catalog and complete data gladly furnished on request Spencer Turbine Company Hartford, Connecticut Adsco Graduated Packless Radiator Valves are efficient and positive for the life of a heating system. They never require packing or other attention. Adsco Valves can be used with any steam or vapor system in place of any supply valve. In Adsco Heating with returns vented to the outside atmosphere, Adsco Valves give positive control of radiation and make it unnecessary to use air valves, traps or vacuum pumps. The Valve and other Adsco Specialties are sold to the trade at uniform prices, as merchandise—not as part of an engineering specification. We furnish engineering service at a moderate fee, without influence on cost of specialties required. Write for Bulletin No. 158-AF covering Adsco Heating for individual build- ings, from any make of boiler; Bulletin No. 20-AF covers Adsco Community Heating of a group of buildings from Central Station Steam Plant AMERICAN DISTRICT STEAMCOMPANY GENERAL offices and works NORTH TONAWANDA.N.Y. Offices: NEW YORK CHICAGO SEATTLE PITTSBURGH ST. PAUL PHILADELPHIA Adsco Graduated Pack- less Radiator Valve. Full nickel plated. Nickel let- ters on black dial. Made in three types, hand wheel, lever handle, lock and shield. DSCO HEATING June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 123 | Aſºº º | pººl y º TL. = ºli -s- High ſchool-Meadville, Pa. Equipped with 36 UNIVENTs W. GEO. Eckles, cArchitect New Castle, Pa. CAs The Twig is Bent" On the architect as well as on educators and parents rests the responsibility of building the coming generation. It is his ideal of beauty materialized, that daily impresses the sensitive mind of the child. It is his forward reaching ideas of light, sanita. tion and ventilation that actually influences greater physical and mental growth. We are proud to have a part in co-operating with architects in this great work. For it is the result of working with him that enabled us to perfect Univent Ventilation. The Univent, as its name indicates, is individual ventilation for TTNTT ETNTT, each room—fresh, heated air from the window, U N I\ /E N T and distributed without draft. “LIVE outdoºs-Indoo Rs.” We shall be glad to send you on request our (TRADE W MARK) - * - • - - C.C. - If it isn’t manufactured by The Herman Nelson Architects and Engineers edition of Univent Corporation it isn’t the Univent Ventilation. THE HERMAN NELS ON CORPORATION JMoline, III 1964. Third Avenue Branch Sales and Service Stations BELFAST, ME. PHILADELPHIA CLEVELAND MINNEAPOLIS KANSAS CITY PORTLAND BOSTON SCRANTON COLUMBUS CHICAGO DENVER SEATTLE NEW YORK CITY PITTSBURG DES MOINES ST. LOUIS SALT LAKE CITY SAN FRANCISCO ROCHESTER GRAND RAPIDS MILWAUKEE EMPORIA SPOKANE THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Beautiful Enduring Stucco Magnestone Roman Finish is specially de- signed to give the architect an exterior plaster for floated, stippled or other decor- ative wall treatment. It lends itself readily to the architect's conceptions of combined beauty, color, dignity and individuality. Magnestone Roman Finish is best suited to the better types of residences, churches and other structures expressive of the architect's most skillful technique. Attractive samples, literature and informa- tion will be furnished architects without charge. AMERICAN MAGNESTONE CORPORATION Executive Offices: Springfield, Illinois. PLANTS AND SALES OFFICES: Ottawa, Ill. Springfield, Ill. Kansas City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y. Detroit, Mich. Chicago Ill. &q=p^, MAGNESTONE Roman Finish STUCCO - ; ARCHITECTS MUST PROVIDE SAFETY TREADS FOR CONCRETE STAIRS F. this purpose our LEAD- filled tread with curved nosing should be used, as this protects the edges from becoming chipped and broken, and our special anchors make the installation very simple. Send for Catalog and samples UNIVERSAL SAFETY TREAD CO. 40 COURT STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Z N N Z a thin ſº º º º º: º §tº: s - - N S$ºś § N º º s R N S 2׺ iding Section of Outside Wall of House, Showing Wood Between Studding Mineral Wool for Building Mineral Wool has superseded all other materials used for similar building purposes because it does “a great work at little expense." A house lined with Mineral Wool has an indestructible, fire-proof and vermin-proof guard; it protects the entire household. In the winter time it keeps the cold air out, facilitating proper heating and economy in fuel. In the summer it keeps the heat out. This material, being of fibrous, inelastic composition, acts as a deadener and muffles all sound. It is considered the best insulator ma- terial on the market, making it a perfect refrigerating machine. Mineral Wool makes life-long friends of all its users. If you are skeptical as to its power, let us demonstrate. We can prove all claims. Write us today. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 280 Madison Avenue, New York Ethnº Section of Sound-Proof and Fire-Proof Partition N z June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 125 resentatives. KITCHEN EQUIPPED by VAN The Wesley Memorial Hospital Atlanta, Georgia MAN kitchen equipped with Van Equipment installed by the Wright Com- pany —Van's Southern Rep- Our engineers and food service experts are ready to look into your needs and advise you accordingly Write for our new Catalog HIS is but one of many installations that the John Van Range Company has made in the past seventy years-seventy years of ex- perience that admirably fit us to help you solve prob- lems in connection with culinary equipment. Van's equipment, for the preparation and serving of food, is found in the better hospitals, hotels, restau- rants, cafeterias, institutions and industrial organizations. 9/ejohn Van Rangeq. Equipmen’s For THE PREPARATION AND serving of Food -as cºncinnatis-s- CHICAGO OMAHA NEW ORLEANS CLEVELAND DETROIT 126 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 ºw - -I EA K E E - -- : °oppER * Permanence Long and satisfactory service, coupled with the highest degree of permanence and rust-resistance obtainable from sheet metal, is secured from Keystone Copper Steel \ - | ºff gººsal at cº, waſ J. A. Jºſº, Keystone quality was used for the sheet metal work of this fine school building. The utilization of quality materials has assured the com— munity a structure that will prove a good, substantial and economical investment for long years to come. The copper-steel alloy is highly rust-resisting and gives complete protection from fire, rain and storms. When weather-wearing endurance is a factor in your construction work, it pays to insist upon Keystone—because it will last longer. American Sheet and Tin Plate Company General Offices: Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Tin Mill Products for all purposes—Black Sheets, Galvanized Sheets, Tin and Terne Plates, Special Sheets for Stamping, Corrugated and Formed Roofing and Siding Materials, Electrical Sheets, Wellsville Polished Steel Sheets, Automobile Sheets in all grades, Deep Drawing Sheets, Stove and Range Sheets, Black Plate, Etc. E = June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 127 = Rºsſ ºf H **oppºs ºf HE ROOF is the point of greatest vulnera- bility in your building. Metal best meets every requirement—safe, durable, econom- ical. For roofing, siding, gutters, spouting, and all uses to which sheet metal is adapted, Our brands represent highest quality and reliability. ~~~~<& ** PITTSBURGH Best Bloom Galvanized Sheets Apollo-Keystone Galvanized Sheets Tin and Terne Plates Black Sheets for all Purposes If you require Steel Sheets or Tin Plates of any kind, we can supply products specially suited to your needs. Skill and experience are care- fully combined with equipment and material to produce sheet metals that have an established reputation for excellence both with architect and builder. Sold by leading metal merchants. Write our nearest Dis- trict Sales Office if you have a sheet metal problem—and send for booklet, The Testimony of a Decade, also set of revised Weight Cards. American Sheet and Tin Plate Company General Offices: Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. DISTRICT SALES OFFICES: Chicago Cincinnati Denver Detroit New Orleans New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis Export Representatives: UNITED STATEs STEEL PRoducts CoMPANY, New York City Pacific Coast Representatives: UNITED STATEs STEEL PRODUCTs CoMPANY, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle E 128 T H E A R C HITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 OU have the right to expect three basic qualities in your ranges. First—they should be thorough heat producers. Second-they should be fuel conservers. Third—they should have strength of construction and quality of materials that will be unaffected by years of heavy duty. Users of “Master-Made" Equipment will tell you, that of all cooking equipment, “Pix" New Hotel Ranges are the closest approach to the ideal. This is because in the manufacture of every piece of “Master-Made” Equipment, the first consideration is always how well it can be made, never how cheaply. This advertisement is one of a series taking you behind the scenes in the manufacture of Albert Pick & Company’s “Master-Made” Equipment. Below: Putting the finishing touches on a bank of Piac New “Master-Made” Hotel Ranges. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 129 The Kitchen of the Wade Park Manor, Cleveland, Ohio, completely equipped by Albert Pick & Company. Right, Broiler and Ranges. Center, General View. Below, the Vegetable Section. LBERTPICK & COMPANY never have been satisfied with blindly following time established customs and precedents in the manufacture of “Master- Made" Kitchen Equipment. It is our policy to strike out boldly and by dint of research and the appli- cation of scientific methods to set a new standard of excellence. Our experimental laboratories aided by the field contact of our engineers represent a determined effort for improvement of quality, utiltity and real economy. This effort has been rewarded with important basic developments in practically every item of equipment we manufacture. Architects and others inter- ested are cordially invited to consult with our engineers in the formulation of their plans. This service will incur no obligation. Send for Book of Kitchen Installations BH90. ALBERT PICKsCOMPANY 208-224 West Randolph Street, Chicago 130 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 For Usual and Unusual Requirements OR every refrigeration need there is a McCray Refrigerator to fill that need. And whatever the size or style, whatever the particular purpose, the quality is the same. Every McCray Refrigera- tor renders unusual service in efficiency, economy of operation and durability. The sizes and styles which are carried in stock meet every usual and many unusual requirements in residences, hotels, clubs, hospitals, institutions, florists' shops, stores and markets. Besides McCray builds equipment to your order when your client's needs require it. Our purpose has ever been to make the best re- frigerator it is possible to build. In doing so quite naturally we have attained the utmost economy in operation. The ice consumption is unusually low —a fact which your clients will appreciate. Outside icing, a feature originated and developed by McCray, is available on all residence models. The McCray is readily adapted for mechanical refrigeration if desired. Send the coupon now for our new catalogs for your files McCray Refrigerator Co. 2369 Lake Street, Kendallville, Ind. Salesrooms in All Principal Cities McCray Refrigerator Co. º 2369 Lake St., Kendallville, Ind. sºft\}| Gentlemen: Please send catalogs and & % information concerning refrigerators - §§). % for— ( ) Residences, (, ) Grocery S Stores, ( ) Florists, ( ) Hotels, Restaurants, ( ) Markets, ( ) Hos- pitals, Institutions. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % -- %) ſºy"e Mc CRAY RE FRIGERATORS FOR ALL PURPOSES Walls treated with Cabot's Old Virginia White; roof stained with Cabot's Creosote Stain. Charles A. Platt, architect, New York White Country Houses Cabot’s Old Virginia White was made for country houses. It is as soft in texture as a stain and whiter than any white paint, but has no “painty" look. As fresh and white and clean as new whitewash and as durable as paint on wood or brick. Cabot’s Creosote Shingle Stains on the roof, in moss- green, tile-red or mottled effects, complete the combi- nation that makes the country residence dignified, restful and inviting. Send for samples and catalog SAMUEL CABOT, INC. Mººs BOSTON, MASS. 342. Madison Ave., NEW YORK 24 West Kinzie St., CHICAGO 525 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO 331 E. 4th St., LOS ANGELES Cabot's Insulating and Deadening Quilt, Brick and Stucco Stains, Conservo Wood Preservative, etc. 9ur distinctive designs harmonize with the lines of the building, whether it is a town house, suburban home, country estate, bungalow or other property. Book of Designs “B” sent upon request We also manufacture grilles, balconies, partition railings, folding gates and miscellaneous iron and wire work. Architects' Designs carefully executed in strict accordance with their specifications June, 1923 A R C H IT ECT U R A L FORUM 131 T H E Protect His Pocket" Proper dishwashing design will prevent loss of the hotel or restaurant operator's profits. OTELS and restaurants needlessly spend thousands of dollars annually in main- tainingold-fashioneddishwashingequipment. Illustrated-Model CD-3 Continuous dish breakage, expensive repair bills and excessive labor payrolls reduce their profits. Autosan, which washes all table ware for establish- ments feeding 1000 or more persons per meal. There is an Autosan for every size and type of establishment. The architect can point out the economical method of washing tableware. In the process of washing dishes, the Autosanusually effects a 50 per cent saving. Dish breakage is usually reduced 60 per cent; labor payrolls are cut in half and the Autosan gives its owner contin- uous, uninterrupted service years after less efficient equipment has been abandoned. There is an Autosan model to meet every re- quirement of capacity and space. Architects will find in Folder W-116 much helpful infor-" mation for the planning of a modern dish- washing department. Write for your copy. Colt's Patent Fire Arms Mfg. Co. Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. AUTOSA TRADE MAR K REGISTE RED. U.S. pat. of F ic E DISHAND SILVER CLEANING MACHINE 132 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 ULCAN \,\!!!!! Wöºp GAS RANGES —at the new Bowery Savings Bank and other banks Federal Reserve Bank New York Drexel Company Philadelphia Philadelphia National Bank Greater New York Savings Bank Brooklyn Home Insurance Co. New York Canadian Bank of Commerce Montreal Merchants Bank Montreal Prudential Insurance Co., Newark RCHITECTS should look with favor upon this highly devel- oped gas range, just installed at the new Bowery Savings Bank. Architects: - York & Sawyer, NewYork City It provides those essentials de- sired by the efficient chef-comfort, convenience, quick results, properly cooked food. It appeals to executives who carefully figure costs, for the desired result can be obtained with fewer Vulcan ranges at a decided saving in gas consumption and cost of upkeep. Write, wire or phone for explanation of the service we render to architects WM. M. CRANE COMFANY 16-20 West 32d Street, New York City Pacific Coast Distributors: Northwest Gas & Electric Equipment Co., Portland, Ore. Branches: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle June, 1923 T H E A R C HITECTURAL FORUM 133 Wes thester Biltmore Country Club Rye,NY. ANKS, insurance companies and other employers of labor highly indorse supplying their employes nour- ishing, balanced, properly cooked noon- day meals. They do better work, are happier and healthier. For architects who have the prob- lem of planning kitchens—especially those who desire that their clients re- ceive the best possible cooking facilities at reasonable cost, lowest operating and maintenance cost—our Hotel De- Providence partment can be of immeasurable providence- service in providing sketches and blue- BiltmoreHotel prints of kitchen lay-outs designed for Providence, R.I. the work in hand. This service is free. Thousands of notable institutions have Vulcan equipped kitchens. Here are a few: American Telephone & Telegraph Co. New York American Can Co., Portland, Ore. Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington Chamber of Commerce, New York Chicago & Alton Railroad, Chicago General Electric Co., Harrison, N. J. General Hospital, Minneapolis International Correspondence School, Scranton Marine Hospital, Baltimore New York University, New York Union League Club, New York - - º - University Club, Boston --- - …” - Western Electric Co., New York ~ - Architects should write for descriptive folders Wm. M. Crane Company Woodmanstenlnn 16-20 West 32d Street New York. New York City Pacific Coast Distributors: Northwest Gas & Electric Equipment Co. Portland, Ore. Branches: Los Angeles, San Francisco Seattle "If its done with heat - you can do it better with gas" 134 June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM Interior, Banking Room The Adirondack Trust Company, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Alfred Hopkins, c/Architect zºo) -- The Bronze Work for the Suffern National Bank (Illustrated elsewhere) Suffern, N. Y. and The Adirondack Trust Company Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Alfred Hopkins, eArchitect was made by Jno. Williams, Inc. (Established 1875) Ornamental Bronze and Wrought Iron, Statuary, Memorial Tablets and Signs, Wire Cage Work | 536 to 556 West 27th St. | 549 to 555 West 26th St. Offices: 556 West 27th St., New York Foundry and Shops Makes all the difference in the world Genuine | PLATE GLASS is Like it º G) M2 & 2 HOPE'S CASEMENTS Iog PARK ZF ENUE • NEW YORK 205 YONGE STREET TORONTO June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM 135 American Can Company Plant at Cincinnati. Ferro Concrete Construction Co., Contractors p- HE plants of the American Can Co. built since the war l in Grand Rapids, Cincinnati and Indianapolis embody the newest approved construction ideas. They represent efficiency, economy, sound investment. Mate- rials used are as good as they should be, and no more costly than need be. Carey built-up roofing was used because it is the modern, scientific, efficient and permanent factory roofing. There are Carey asphalt and asbestos specifications to meet every requirement. Write for the Carey specification book. THE PHILIP CAREY COMPANY 504-524 Wayne Ave., Lockland, Cincinnati, O. Branches and Distributors in Sixty Leading Cities PROOFS 1873—Fifty Years of Progress—1923 A 23 136 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM -- The continen Through 0S and its allied products insulation brake Linings " Roofings packings cEMENts ANKERS recognize quiet in business buildings as a good investment-Johns-Manville Acoustical Treatment has been applied in over one hundred and twenty-five banks in America. This treatment counteracts the noisy condition inevitable with the hard surfaces used in modern fire-proof construction. It absorbs sound waves instead of reflecting them back into the room — restful quiet replaces confusing noise. Johns-Manville Akoustikos Felt is the basis of this treatment. This is covered with a tightly —a specification for banks and offices stretched perforated membrane (Kribble Kloth) which is easily cleaned. To the eye there is no essential change, but the ear perceives a vast difference—the noise nuisance is gone. Hundreds of installations prove the effectiveness of this method. We shall be glad to have you consult with our acoustical department without obligation. JOHNS - MANVILLE Inc Madison Ave. at 41st St., N.Y. C. Branches in 56 large cities For Canada: Canadian Johns-Manville Co., Ltd. Toronto JOHNS-MANVILLE Acoustical Correction Third National Exchange Bank, Sandusky, Ohio. Johns-Manville Acoustical Correction. H. C. Millott, Architect, Sandusky, Ohio. Fine PREvention products Correction. Transit Department, Federal Reserve Bank, New York City. Johns-Manville Acoustical º and New York. Stenographers' Room, E. H. Rollins & Sons, Investment Bonds, Boston. Thomas M. James Co., Architects and Engineers, Boston Correction. Check Department, Chase National Bank, New York City. Johns-Manville Acoustical June, 1923 137 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Modern Efficiency Demands Comfortable and Quiet Floors—— Marvels of efficient equipment are the offices of large banks. Thus it is only natural that the First National Bank of Detroit, which is up-to-date in every ſºul ºf respect, should have selected Gold Seal - º ºr sº ºn Battleship Linoleum. * This floor of Gold Seal Battleship Linoleum conserves the energy and in- creases the comfort of the numerous em. ployees of this busy bank. Its resilient, noise-deadening qualities prevent needless confusion and its smooth, brown surface harmonizes pleasantly with the handsome furnishings. As for durability, Gold-Seal Battleship Linoleum is built to withstand the exacting tests of the United States Navy. It is a Walton process linoleum, not hurried in the making by inferior “short cut” methods which produce a cheaper product at the expense of durability and satisfactory service. Gold-Seal Battleship Linoleum will last indefinitely on a business office floor. Comparatively low in installation cost and easy to clean, floors of Gold-Seal Battleship Lino- leum render maximum service at minimum cost. They never need expensive refinishing. CONGOLEUM COMPANY incor-Po RATED Philadelphia New York Boston Chicago Pittsburgh Minneapolis Kansas City Dallas Atlanta San Francisco London Paris Rio de Janeiro Montreal Illustrations show exterior and fifth floor views–First National Bank Building, Detroit, Michigan. Architect, Albert Kahn; Gold Seal Battleship Linoleum laid by Universal Carpet Co. Battleship Linoleum (the FAMOUS FARR & BAILEY BRAND) Made According to US Navy Standard. Further information and detailed specifications will be sent upon re. quest to any interested architect. Address our nearest office. SATISPACTION GUARANTEED on Your MONEY BACK emove sº wºn damp Cloºn º º - 138 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM United States Railway Terminal Post Office, Chi. cago, Ill. Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Architects; R. C. Wieboldt Co., Chicago, Con- tractors. BRIXMENT used exclusively for mortar. BRIXMENT for U.S. MailTerminal,Chicago ERE was the situation that faced the architects and engineers in planning the U.S. Mail Terminal Building in Chicago: A building 800 feet long, 7 stories high and 75 feet wide, to be erected on filled ground at the edge of the Chicago River, with its foundations extending far below the Because of the long, narrow shape of the building and the unusual conditions sur- rounding it, vibration was an element to be seriously considered in the choice of a brick mortar that would insure the permanence and stability of the walls. After thorough * and extensive tests BRIXMENT was finally chosen—conclusive evidence that this standard product should be specified wherever strength and endur- ance, in addition to architectural advan- tages, are desired. Sold through dealers. river's bed; the ground floor to be given over entirely to railroad tracks with the new Union Station and its vast network of tracks and constant pounding of traffic directly adjoining. º Send for this de- scriptive handbook LOUISVILLE CEMENT COMPANY, Incorporated, LOUISVILLE, KY. rººt BRIXM ENT ~ for Perfect JMortar June, 1923 139 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM | º | º . F: There is but one Ruberoid. Look for the Man on the Label RU)- SERVICE The true measure of a roof is the kind of service it gives you. The photograph above shows a Ruberoid Built-up Roof, laid in 1912, exactly as it is today. Not a cent has been spent on it for repairs and you can see for yourself its excellent general condition. It is just such service that you may expect from Ruberoid Built-up Roofing, because it is built up of materials manufac- tured with that single end in view. In thousands of instances one layer of Ruberoid Roofing has actually lasted more than twenty-five years. Consider then that a Ruberoid Built-up Roof is composed of two layers of Ruberoid Specification Roofing, in addition to a bottom layer of Ruberoid Asphalt-saturated Felt, all bonded together with Ruberoid Solid Bitumen. Ruberoid Built-up Roofing is as reasonable in price as a really good roof can be. The photograph testifies to its economy. Specifications, samples and descriptive booklet furnished upon request. The RUBEROID Co. 95. Madison Avenue, New York Chicago Boston Built-up Roofs ER-O||D) |40 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 QUARTER SA ºsmopogſ|} jś (19) IIIlllllllllllll IIIIIII IIII III*IIII,II III IIII - The Swimming Pool at the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., where W & T Apparatus is Protecting the Health of the Bathers The W & T Process of Chlorination, used by over 200 Pools, is the least expensive and most efficient method of Swimming Pool Sterilization. A sterilized water cannot cause disease. A Quarter Turn of the Wrist Opens or Closes this Valve A Packing Lock Stem, with Ground Shoulder seating in bonnet, insures a Tight Valve that Stays Tight. Send/or Catalogue showing why Technical Publication No. 21, containing full data and specifications will be mailed on request WALLACE & TIE R N AN COMPANY IN CORPORATED NEwARK : NEW JERSEY new York CHICAGO PITTSBURGH SAN FRANCISCO KANSAs city St. LOUIS SEATTLE KNoxville DALLAS MINNEAPOLIS WALLACE & TIERNAN, LTD., Toronto GORTON & LIDGERWOOD COMPANY 96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. Fisher Building, Chicago, Illinois D - III IIIT III D lllllllllllllll IIIDIIII -mm -> - TT- ă = # = ### = sā = 㺠= = =sºsºs =s* == as # = as * = ** * = *ES = = ′ = as == -> l!) Industrial-Agricultural–Municipal– Residential Excelso Water Heaters are de- signed so that any plumber or steamfitter can make connections quickly to new or old steam or vapor heating boiler and assure abundance of hot water through- out heating season. Not only a big saving in gas or fuel bills in heat- ing water, but a decided improve- A ment over fire pot pipe coils. Approved by leading boiler manufacturers Sold through jobbing and retail trade SEE OUR CATALOG IN SWEET'S Write for full information Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. 211 Excelso Bldg. - Buffalo, N. Y. Also Mfrs. of Excelso Fire Pot Generators A type for every service Bulletins on request THE GOULDS MANUFACTURING CO. SENECA FALLS, N.Y. - - - - - Distributors of Excelso Rotaru Hack San Tools Installation sº is as Asesº = Pºs = Esº ------ - - º H == ã že === == === –SE - E. as E3 == E O WA EIR. * = − = -s. Pºs = is = *= E: 2- E =s_ Eºs =S: - -> S-2 —- – 2-S-S-2- ES-e-sº - _E HEATERS tº *= ses; as 㺠ãs== SoldºvaſPlumbers and Steamſhers *"mummum |-| T. June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM 141 "Spreads Like º UCurm. Butter HE smoothness—plasticity— of TIGER FINISH is well known to plasterers. They like the rich, fat putty produced by this most widely used lime. It is their–and your—insurance of smooth, perfect walls and angles. See Sweet's for full particu- lars about using TIGER FINISH – the lime which “Spreads like warm butter.” The Kelley Island Lime & Transport Co. World's Largest Producer of Lime Leader-News Building CLEVELAND Zºº”, Z. º/%. ,,,,” Whitney-Central Z//º º Bank & Trust Company New Orleans Emile Weil, Architect º i 142 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 143 2×eº. º ******* “…, ! * - - * t ; * - - : // Q @ Banner Hydrated Finishing - - Lime is made at Gibsonburg, Ohio--the heart of the world's finest - limestone deposits---in one of the largest and most modern plants in the country. - - - NATIONAL MORTAR & SUPPLY G0. Federal Reserve Building - - Pittsburgh, Pa. Without charge, we will gladly send a handful of ,- Banner Lime for inspec- .." tion to Architects and rº- ºr . - - - Engineers. º +. º, ‘. . *... ºw 144 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 T McKinley Junior High School at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The creamy white color of Carney contrasts beautifully with the dark brick in a building like this. Architects: Rugh & Zalesky, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Contractors: Theo. Stark & Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. This book tells the complete story of Carney. It will be sent free to anyone inter- ested in building. & Carney Always Shows Final Lower Cost THE final cost of the wall is always lower where Carney is used because of its many saving qualities. It can be used directly after mixing or left in the box over night. There is no waste to Carney. No lime is required, saving much labor and avoiding mistakes at the mortar box. Masons work faster and lay the maximum number of brick to the barrel. Hundreds of leading architects are specifying Carney because they are familiar with the savings it makes and the uniform strength and durability of the mortar. Carney Has These Exclusive Merits It can be used immediately after mix- and easier on the wall. It is ideal for ing or left in the box over night. There wall bearing buildings. It becomes is no waste to Carney. It lowers harder than the brick and tile it joins, masonry bids. It lays the maximum continuing to harden indefinitely as number of brick to the barrel. It re- time goes on. It sets a creamy white, quires no lime, assuring protection against adulteration or errors in mix- ing. Being more plastic and smoother working, the mason can work faster contrasting beautifully with brick or tile. The final cost of a Carney wall is always lower. Contractors bid lower and do better work with Carney. The Carney Company Cement Makers Since 1883 Mankato, Minn. District Sales Offices: Leader-News Bldg., Cleveland; Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Chicago; Omaha National Bank Bldg., Omaha; Syndicate Trust Bldg., St. Louis; Book Bldg., Detroit; Builders' Exchange, Minneapolis. 2 Yº A W \| = & Cº. ºº ºne-a- - | | * A T - A T \TT TITQTJ R A 7- | | | | A \ Lº / \ sº \ \{ / | | A a \ | < | \, . . . Tº a \ . \ |\ – T |\_ _ Tº he L \ ºf L * >' for ºrjº and 77 ºzorºa: Specifications: 1 part Carney to 4 parts sand. (due to refined process of manufacture.) June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 145 At moderate cost, COLOR. MIX Floors in Nile Green, Buff or Tile Red give Auto- mobile Display Rooms an atmosphere of quality and distinction. Don't Compromise/ ARDLY a week goes by that you do not abandon costly floor materials because your client has a Concrete Floor pocketbook. The result is neither satisfactory to you nor to the client. In building, compromise is defeated purpose. ETTER than concrete and less expensive of sand and cement a deep rich color. At than tile, Colormix Floors—in Tile Red, Linoleum Brown, Battleship Gray, Nile the same time Colormix greatly increases the tensile and compressive strength, pro- Green, Buff, or White—meet the owner's cement-floor pocketbook and the architect's beauty and artistic requirements for durability. Colormixemploys a new principle in coloring concrete. Dissolved in the gauging water of the floor topping, it dyes every particle ducing in one operation and at a compara- tively low cost a hardened, non-fading concrete floor. Colormix floors are the practical equivalent of floors built of far more expensive materials. Specify them and get Beauty and Durability with Con- crete Economy. The Master Builders Company, Cleveland, Ohio Factories at Cleveland and Irvington, N.J. Sales Offices in Eighty Cities cAn illustrated Handbook with Technical Data, and Specimen Blocks of Colormix, mailed upon request. CDLURMIXºsſºm Hºsnºlº THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Index 7Wumberſ Index ºwumbers 5oo 5oo o 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 o 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922. Coal prices from Survey of Current Business, February 1923. Cement prices from U. S. Geological Survey. Wages, from November (1922) Monthly Labor Review, Bureau of Labor Statistics. By measuring things against each other as our grandmothers did when they swapped eggs for calico, we get the clearest idea of values. Coal and wages make up more than half the manufactur- ing cost of cement. The chart above shows price fluctuations for portland cement, coal and wages during the past ten years. In each case 100 is used to represent 1913 figures, by the Government departments More for Your Money which compiled these statistics. Translated into “eggs and cal- ico” language this chart shows that a ton of coal would buy nearly twice as much cement in 1922 as in 1913. A day's wages also would buy more ce- ment in 1922 than in 1913. This means that even though coal and wages make up more than half its manufacturing cost, cement is now relatively lower in price than either coal or wages. PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION cA National Organization to Improve and Extend the Uses of Concrete Atlanta Des Moines Los Angeles Parkersburg San Francisco Boston Detroit Milwaukee Philadelphia Seattle Chicago Heiena Minneapolis Pittsburgh St. Louis Dallas Indianapolis New Orleans 5.ºf Oreg. Vancouver, B.C. Denver Kansas City New York Salt Lake City Washington, D.C. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 147 The Rivet-Grip System of Bank Vault Reinforcement The FEDERAL RESERVE BANK of ST. LOUIS (now under construction) º - - º º º, ſº * * º º - . * * º º º º º º - º Mauran, Russell & Crowell, Architects Westlake Construction Co., Contractors Another of America's Mightiest Vaults to be Constructed, using THE RIVET-GRIP SYSTEM of BANK VAULT REINFORCEMENT HE St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, after over a year of thorough investigation of all types and methods of vault reinforcement, chose the Rivet-Grip System in preference to all others entirely on its merits. This is the third Federal Reserve Bank (exclusive of branches) that has used the Rivet-Grip System for reinforcing and protecting their vaults. In view of the security and protection required for Federal Reserve vaults, and the time they spent in careful study and analysis of all types of vault reinforcement, the selection of the Rivet-Grip System by Cleveland, San Francisco and St. Louis means more than any claim we could make, and proves conclusively the superiority of the Rivet-Grip System. The Rivet-Grip System is applicable to any size or type of vault and gives the maximum protection at the minimum cost. It has been used in over a hundred vaults all over the country. We will be pleased to mail a copy of our catalogue "Vault Security" upon request THE CONCRETE REINFORCING SL ENGINEERING CO. 2735 Prospect Ave. Cleveland, Ohio THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 % Plate Glass in all Kawneer Store Fronts is Held Between the Sturdy but Resilient Grip of Two Spring Shaped, Solid Copper Members. This Resiliency, a patented and exclusive Feature of Kawneer Glass Settings guarantees to the Merchant that his Show Windows will give him the UTMOST SERVICE—that his breakage will be reduced to a Minimum. What Resiliency Means in a Store Front The service value of Kawneer Resilient Grip, Glass Settings has proven to be satisfactory in more than 150,000 Kawneer Fronts in the most successful Stores. Our branch offices or sales agencies in all of the large cities will be pleased to co-operate with architects. Kawn Stoß frostS THE KAWNEER COMPANY NILES, MICHIGAN N June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 149 In the office of one of the world's greatest architects—Stedman Naturized Flooring When You Recognize this Office, You Will Recognize the Superiority of Stedman Naturized Flooring TUDY the illustration. It shows a Stedman Floor in the office of a firm which is looked up to throughout the architectural profession all over the world. It is architects of this character, whether their businesses be large or small, who are becoming increasingly interested in Stedman Naturized Flooring. They are careful to specify “Stedman’s” in residences and apartments, in banks and office buildings, in hospitals and hotels—in every type of work where beauty and durability, resilience and quiet, and favorable first and upkeep costs are determining factors. Stedman Naturized Flooring is rubber, reinforced and held together with an infinite cobweb of minute gossamer cotton fibres, vulcanized under terrific hydraulic pressure. Made in marble, granite and tapestry effects- in tiles, square and rectangular, in long runners-browns, reds, grays, black —in all the formal splendor of a classic floor, or in an intimate blend of cozy warm mixtures in Nature's own colorings. Noiseless, resilient—it will not dent, crack, or wear out. Soft and firm to the foot, it prevents slipping. Sanitary, with an impervious surface. Won’t stain, easily cleaned—it requires no particular care. Simple to install and the first cost—from 75c to $2.00 a square foot-is your only cost. Let us send you complete data and samples. To facilitate architectural specification, we are advertising this flooring directly to home owners, hotel operators, bankers, hospital managements, school boards, and superintendents. STEDMAN PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers of Reinforced Rubber Flooring, Sanitary Base, Wainscoting, Walls, Rugs, Table Tops, Shower Bath Mats, and other reinforced rubber surfacings SOUTH BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS DIRECT BRANCHES:–NEW YORK, CHICAGO, DETROIT Agencies in all principal cities Below are just a few of the many beautiful color tones and com- binations obtainable in STEDMAN NATURIZED FLOORING Gray Paisley 150 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 What SAFETY Means in Store Front Construction º - - º - º º ſº --- º O. º • . . . . . .º.º.º.º.º. ººººººººººº... . . ººººººººººº, º ºsº E º º - - º - º º The following Glazing Specifications will make Safe Plate Glass for Store Fronts AllMetalSash, Corner Bars, Division Bars and Self-Adjusting Setting Blocks used in Store Fronts must be listed by the Underwriters' Laboratories. No. 110 Zouri Combination Key-Set Sash and 705 Sill Covering All Zouri Key-Set Sash, Corner and Division Bars and Self-Adjusting Setting Blocks have been listed by the Underwriters' Laboratories Factory and General Offices 1808 EAST END AVENUE - - CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 151 % *- % % % H | º º º tº | * º # Z º º Farmers and Mechanics National Bank Fort Worth, Texas Equipped with 630 Austral Wood and 237 Austral Hollow Metal Windows Sanguinet & Staats, Architects A Good Investment The bank building itself is usually one of the bank’s most important invest- ments, most of the upper floors being rented out. Equipment which satisfies the tenants helps to insure a proper and continuous rental. The building committee of a banking organization will not invest in a building that does not offer distinct advantages to the tenant. An investment in Austral Windows is an invest- ment in Fresh Air and Control of Light What you want in a Window you | get in the Architects’ Building Represented throughout 101 Park Avenue, New York City United States and Canada THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 VENTILATIDN 8, DRANAGE - *-º- º *º º º Nº. º º º ºn ATION º, pºanaº º º º º * * Why The Most Critical Architects Specify Brasco Store Front Sash GLANCE at the sectional view of Brasco Kalamein copper store front sash pictured above explains why Brasco has grown SO rapidly in popularity. A beautiful, highly burnished, heavy sheath of pure copper pro- tects the sill against the elements. The glass rests on creosoted cy- press setting blocks and is held between firm but resilient copper covered, creosoted cypress gutter and sash members . the safest and most durable setting on the market today. Drainage and ventilation tubes at regular intervals in the gutter member carry the water outside when windows are washed and minimize sweating and frosting of the glass, Handsome, safe, quick and easy to install, and moderate in cost, there is no more effective sash for store front construction than Brasco. Catalog, detail sheets and actual sample sections will be mailed at your request BRASCO MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 5031 SO. WABASH AVE., CHICAGO June, 1923 153 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM for an improved Live Face Panel Board, Westing- house engineers have developed the Type W which embodies all the advantages of the former Krantz and Cutter Panel Boards. The East had recognized Krantz Panel Boards as the leader; the West favored Cutter. These two leaders in their respective territories have now been combined in the new Westinghouse Type W Live Face Panel Board. Even before the formal announcement of this new live face panel, large orders evidenced enthusiastic approval by architects and engineers. These panel boards are assembled in our Service Shops throughout the country, assuring you of prompt deliveries to meet any requirements. Some of the exclusive features of the Type W Panel Board are listed opposite. For further particulars, write to any of our district offices or Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company East Pittsburgh Pennsylvania TYPE “W’’ LIVE FACE PANEL 1. 2. Parts “removable from the front.” The mounting holes are drilled only halfway through the slate. This method provides a stronger panel board and re- duces the danger of breakage in transit and installing. There are no screw heads on the back of the panel to be insulated. The undrilled slate acts as an insulation, much superior to the usual method of filling countersunk mounting holes with insulating cement. . Busbars are superimposed, affording protection from acci- dental contact and short cir- cuiting of busbars. . No screws carry current. All contacts are clamped. . There are a minimum number of contacts in branch circuit connections. estinghouse E. L. E. VATOR MOTORS & CONTROL 154 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Attention is now being directed- through publicity, advertising and exhibits to complete house-wiring and quality wiring devices installed by dependable and experienced con- tractors. The booklet—"The Home of a Hun- dred Comforts”—being asked for every month by hundreds of pros- pective home builders, is available to architects upon request. Address Section F-6, Merchandise Depart- ment, General Electric Company, Bridgeport, Connecticut. THE HOME BUILDER IS LEARNING TO EXPECT EVERY ELECTRICAL COMFORT Many factors are at work every day teaching the housekeeper more and more about electrical comfort. She expects its full realization in her new home. The architect who serves her best makes provisions for full electrical equipment according to his own standards. Seldom does he find any client who wants less than he specifies—who will be satisfied with less, when the slight additional cost is set down. The fast increasing demands upon electricity call for lasting dependability in all wiring devices. G-E Reliable Wiring Devices, nationally known as the standard of excellence, are the assurance of dependable electrical service. Merchandise Department General Electric Company Bridgeport, Connecticut G-E TUMBLER SWITCH G-E TWIN CONVENIENCE OUTLET A G E N E R A L E L E C T R I C P R O D U C T June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 155 The P-A-X augments and com- pletes, but does not supplant nor connect with local or long distance telephone service. 8. Branch Offices º NEW YORK 21 E. 40th Street PHILADELPHIA The Bourse Bldg. BOSTON 445 Tremont Bldg. PITTSBURGH 608 Fulton Bldg. CLEVELAND 801 Cuyahoga Bldg. CINCINNATI 827 Union Central Bldg. DETROIT 525 Ford Building KANSAS CITY 1510 Waldheim Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO 37 California St. LOS ANGELES 238 San Fernando Bldg. In Canada—Address Northern Electric Co., Ltd., 121 Shearer St., Montreal, P. Q. Abroad—Address International Automatic Telephone Co.,Ltd.,60 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. 2, Eng- land. In Australia—Address Automatic Telephones, Australasia, Ltd., 207 Macquarie St., Sydney, 3. Australia. X º H º El El | | | º |º "|| |- º: - intrºl Hºlº º | º Fºſſº ||f|| || | *|| | # |im | º ||| § : º sº I wer. Sº * ~ * º TU ºl. Fis. ºlº | | | Hº | H | |||| |IIT Tº- ºth. *} s |ſiº Tº º: in º ill § | flºº | ||f|| | | ||| Each of these magnificent buildings is equipped with the P-A-X. Hºlººl Architects: Illinois Merchants Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Graham, Anderson, Probst White Continental and Commercial National Bank Graham, Burnham & Co. ancial }{eart of hicago - and throughout the world, wherever quick, accurate and convenient intercommuni- cation is demanded, you will find the P-A-X in use and considered a vital necessity, The following are some of the recently constructed banks which depend upon the P-A-X for their intercommunication needs. Illinois Merchants Bank - - - Chicago Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Chicago First National Bank - - - - St. Louis Mauran, Russell & Crowell, St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank - - - New Orleans DeBuys, New Orleans Federal Reserve Bank - - - Chicago Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Chicago Union Trust Bank - - - - Cleveland Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Chicago Federal Reserve Bank - - Kansas City, Mo. Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Chicago Union Trust Co. – Pittsburgh Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Chicago Federal Reserve Bank - - - Minneapolis Cass Guilbert, New York First & Hamilton National Bank, Ft. Wayne, Ind. Thos. M. James & Co., Boston Federal Reserve Bank - - - San Francisco Hunter & Hudson, San Francisco We shall be glad to co-operate with you fully (as we have with architects all over the world) in properly meeting similar needs of your clients. Get in touch with our nearest office. Automatic Electric Compam ENGINEERS, DESIGNERS & MANUFACTURERS OF THE AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE IN USE THE WORLD OVER, HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY: CHICAGO, U.S.A. = - */ \- X AUTOMATIC - - - EXCHANGE THE PRIVATE More than a private telephone exchange—the Automatic Electric Services of the P-A-X include and co-ordinate interior telephony, code call, conference, watchman service and all other inter-communication needs THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 John H. Wheller, St. Paul, Minn., Architect Minneapolis Electric Equipment Co., Contractors Fire Alarm and Signal Systems Hospitals more than any other buildings require never failing electrical signal equipment. St. Mary's Hospital is Holtzer-Cabot equipped because the architect would not consider speci- fying other than the highest standard Signal System Equipment. Holtzer-Cabot's reputation of half a century, manufacturing only the best in electrical signal- ing equipment, is a real protection to architect, engineer, the hospital management and its working staff. Architects, engineers and members of building boards are invited to write for two brochures entitled "Signal Systems for Hospitals” and "Signal Systems for Schools.” Our engineers are at the service of architects and their clients at all times; just call at our nearest office The Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co. ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEMS Home Office and Factory: 125 Amory St., Boston, Mass. Branch Offices Chicago, Ill., 6.161-65 So. State St. Cleveland, Ohio, 517 Union Bldg. New York, N. Y., 101 Park Ave. Philadelphia, Pa., 807 Otis Bldg Baltimore, Md., 1104 Union Trust Bldg. San Francisco, Calif., 408 Claus Spreckels Bldg. Detroit, Mich., 1051 Book Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn., 627 Metropolitan Life Bldg. sº- Consider the Woman in writing home-wiring specifications VERY man builds a home for some woman and it is for her comfort, convenience and happiness that all the refinements of the pres- ent day residence are designed. Particularly is this true of home wiring. If you include the Tupe “R” Safety Type Panel Board New Triumph Type “R” Safety Type Panel Board it will win her instant ap- proval, as well as that of the man, and put the final seal of quality on the entire wiring job. This is because the Type “R” is absolutely safe to handle; can be conveni- ently located at the center of distribution on the first or second floor, and is economical to buy and install. &rank cºdam ELECTRIC COMPANY ST. LOUIs Branch Offices: Detroit, Dallas, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Cincinnati, Cleveland, New Orleans, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle. Other (?) Products: Major System of Theater Lighting Control; knife switches; safety switches; hanger outlets; reversible- cover floor boxes; A. C. and D. C. Distribution Switchboards. June, 1923 157 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM jºiâ SWITCHES |EC: RELIABILITY in a SHALLOW Su%/ FROM modest dwellings to modish apartments and great office buildings, probably no switch has upheld the architect’s designs so generally as has NUTMEG. Now encompassed in a Shallow Switch are the qualities that made NUTMEG famous in a deep-base switch. . . . The sturdiness, the ease of action, the long-time satisfaction-all contained in the one- inch depth' No occasion, further, to put up with wall mats in order to put “Nutmegs’’ in shallow partitions. For use in two-inch solid partitions, in an inch-and-a-half wall box (or for easier, quicker wiring in a two-inch box), call for old reliable “4401”—with an “S” added to signify shallow. Nothing can tell so well as past experience with the deeper NUTMEG what manner of achievement is here in the shallow-base type. Getting Down to Specification Data– First write for the Shallow Nutmeg folder—destined, we think, to be a much-used folder by architects and electrical engineers, who deal only in known quantities when sponsoring the new in switches. THE HART & HEGEMANMFG.So. HAPTFOPD. CONN. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 UNIon TRUST Co., Rochester, N. Y. is lighted from only the powerful X-Ray Reflectors concealed in the bronze cor- nice. No ceiling or wall luminaries are used. Cutaway view of the cornice “A,” shows location of X-Ray Reflectors for indirect lighting. “B” shows cutaway of Bank- Ray used for directlighting intellers' cages. This photograph was made without any flash or auxiliary lighting. A'MOSPHERE-gives that feeling of secu- rity, service and satisfaction which is a vital part of every Bank. TMOSPHERE is a bigger asset than “Surplus” because it creates a mental impression and a lasting reputation. J. Foster WARNER, Architect Rochester, N. Y. BºA, lights the banking room com- pletely. No ceiling fixtures to detract from the atmosphere created. ANK-RAY Indirect Lighting lends charm to the interior. It reacts on the clients. It makes the banking room pleasant and inviting. Write for Specific Ideas on Bank Lighting National X-Ray Reflector Co. Los Angeles Pacific Finance Bldg. New York 31 West 46th Street CHICAGO SJ C2 Z] [S June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 159 Branches BOSTON 261 Franklin Street NEW YORK 50 Church Street SAN FRANCISCO 461 Market Street CHICAGO 1362 Monadnock Building BIRMINGHAM 448 Brown-Marx Building BUFFALO 901 Mutual Life Building COLUMBUS 421 First Nat’l Bank Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS 801 Eighth Street, S.E. |NG EVER º |N THE SCHOOL Standard Electrictime HE modern school is really not the model school without the Standard Time System of Master, Secondary and Program Clocks. Sixty per cent of all school buildings electrically equipped have the Standard system. Among these are seventeen school and Govern- ment buildings at Washington, in- cluding the Bureau of Standards Building. A reliable system technically superior This school book, too, should be in your files The Government considers Standard standard. Our branch offices maintain a free engineering service for archi- tects. We will submit without charge wiring specifications, dia- grams and estimates. You will be under no obligation for this service. Use the coupon for the book, “Making every minute count in the school.” THE STANDARD ELECTRIC TIME CO. For nearly a half-century specialists in electric time systems 60 Logan St., Springfield, Massachusetts Standard Electric Time JMakes every minute count The Standard Electric Time Co., 60 Logan St., Springfield, Mass.: Please send your Industrial Book, “Making every minute count in the school”. --------------------------- Address… 160 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Shallow Partitions in Banking Quarters NE of the inter- esting problems in the design of banking quarters is the subdi- vision of the space al- lotted for bank officials and the working force consisting principally of clerical employes. Prac- tical requirements indi- cate the use of anumber of private offices in this section of the plan and it is often found that the partial segregation of clerical employes is important and adds to efficiency of operation. This leads to the question of partitions. In many instances it has been found inadvisable to use partitions be- cause of the amount of space taken up and diffi- culties in space subdivi- sion have resulted. The perfection of the use of 2" solid partitions by the provision of Arrow Shallo electrical wiring devices offers an oppor- tunity of providing durable, soundproof division walls which occupy small space and serve perfectly the purpose of thick partitions. The usual types of wooden and steel office partitions are also used extensively in subdivid- ing banking quarters, and here again the Ar- row Shallo electrical de- vice provides a more convenient method of arranging artificial lighting for desks, files and other equipment. The banking business in its very nature calls for a considerable amount of detail work on books and docu- ments involving also considerable night work. The Arrow Shallo Line electrical wiring devices makes possible the placing of such de- vices at any point in 2" solid partitions, in wood or steel office partitions and in the panel cover- ing of columns. By the use of the Arrow Shallo Line, electrical outlets, switches and other de- vices can be installed at any point in the bank- ing quarters where it is desirable to use shallow partitions. THE ARROW ELECTRIC COMPANY Hartford, Connecticut Boston New York Syracuse Pittsburgh Baltimore Chicago New Orleans Kansas City San Francisco June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 161 SHALLO LINE \\ of Electrical Wiring Devices * T. latest addition to the comprehensive ARROW line of electrical wiring devices has been developed to meet the growing demand for º \ , ſ shallow partitions as described on the opposite page. Single Con- The ARROW SHALLO LINE comprises all types of electrical vº 22 wiring devices for 2" walls including: Typical Tumbler Tumbler switches of all types, all threaded to take the ARROW Switch Glo-Tip if luminous switches are desired. Push button switches of all types and in lock and luminous styles. Convenience outlets both single and duplex for plugging in connections. Elexits, the new type of recep- tacle for fixture attachments. Bull's Eye receptacles for signal indications either separately or in gangs with switches and receptacles. A number of these devices together with methods of installation are side wall illustrated on this page. “Elexit” Receptacle A number of outlet box manufacturers have developed 1%" boxes to p take the ARROW SHALLO LINE so that a complete electrical ser- vice for shallow partitions is now available. The Arrow Electric Company has recently issued a Manual of electrical wiring de- vices in 2-inch solid partitions and other installations for use in limited Dup! Typical Push space. This Manual provides detailed drawings showing the construction of va- uplex ypical rus - inch - - - - Ili I ical Convenience Button Switch rious types of 2-inch partitions and the proper method of installing electrica Outl utton owlto wiring devices. The Manual is available to architects upon written application. utlet 2-inch Solid Partition Office Partition Panel Covered Column Metal Lath Construction THE ARROW ELECTRIC COMPANY Hartford, Connecticut Boston New York Syracuse Pittsburgh Baltimore Chicago New Orleans Kansas City San Francisco 162 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Unrotted Redwood fence 60 years after the pickets were driven into the wet soil. Ranch of N. H. Mullen, Humboldt Co., Cal. The irregular appearance of the pickets is due to the moss which covers them. Promise and Performance OVER your house with Redwood shin- gles and clapboards. Specify Redwood for porch columns, trim, window and door frames, for pergolas and greenhouses, fencing, railings, balusters and gutters. Then your frame house won't require expensive repairs in a few years. These unpainted Redwood fence pickets, driven into wet soil before the Civil War began, are still strong and sound above ground, at the ground level, and under- ground. They indicate the permanence of Redwood under the most severe service con- ditions—exposed to high winds, moist earth, fog and rain, high temperatures and low. The natural, odorless preservative which has protected these fence pickets for over 60 years against fungus decay and destructive insect activities safeguards Redwood lumber and millwork. It gives you the best promise of permanently satisfactory performance. Costs no more than other wood of equal grade. Investigate the advantages of using Redwood. Write for our “Construction Digest.” It should be in your files. Redwood should be specified for Residence at Westfield, New Jersey, eacterior of Redwood shingles and siding. 1Exterior Construction Siding, clapboards, shingles, door and window frames—gut- ters, eaves, water tables and mudsills—porch rail, balusters and columns—mouldings and lattice—pickets and fencing— pergolas and greenhouses. Interior Finish Natural, stained or painted. Wide Clear Boards 14 inches to 30 inches. Rodd Redwood Block Floors For factories, machine shops, CHICAGO 3063. McCormick Bldg. foundries, offices, stores and private residences. Industrial Uses Tanks and vats for water, chemicals, and oil — factory roofs and gutters. Railroad. Uses Ties and tunnel timbers — signal wire conduits and water tanks—car siding and roofing. Farm and Dairy Uses Silos, tanks and troughs—hog feeders and implement sheds, etc. NEW YORK 922 Pershing Square Bldg. THE PACIFIC LUMBER CO. of Illinois SAN FRANCISCO 311 California St. LOS ANGELES Central Bldg. THF, PACIFIC LUMBER CO. !Cº Cºſho Pacific Lumber Cº. The Largest Manufacturers and Distributors of California Redwood - U.4- G&G|g =><=9|G& º ſ SA “One Man” Model A completely equipped G&G Telescopic Hoist in use at Empire City Savings Bank, New York City. Trowbridge & Livingston, Architects 585 G&G Hoists in Banks and office buildings. Because it assures safe, quiet, time and labor saving ash removal, G&G Tele- scopic Hoist equipment has been found particu- larly desirable for bank buildings. See Sweet’s, pages 2007-2015 GILLIS & GEOGPIEGAN 544 West Broadway - New York che sº (ſ , Telescopic Hoist with Automatic Gear Shifting Brake Device and Silencer ſº St. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 163 FRINK LIGHTING SERVICE for BANKS . BOWERY SAVINGS BANK NEW YORK, N. Y. York & Sawyer, Architects Abell, Smalley & Myers, Equipment Engineers I. P. FRINK, Inc. 24th STREET and 10th AVENUE NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO, ILL. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. CINCINNATI, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO. Monadnock Bldg. 77 O’Farrell St. 601 2nd Nat’l Bk. Bldg. 1415 Pine St. BOSTON, MASS. CLEVELAND, OHIO ATLANTA, GA. LOUISVILLE, KY. 161 Summer St. 992 The Arcade 1526 Candler Bldg. 415 W. Main St. DETROIT, MICH. SEATTLE, WASH. BUFFALO, N. Y. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 325 State St. 609 Seaboard Bldg. 310 Mutual Life Bldg. Franklin Trust Bldg. BIRMINGHAM, ALA., 426 Jefferson Co. Bank Bldg. CANADA—Associated with Robert Mitchell Co., Ltd., 64 Belair Avenue, MONTREAL 164 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 | H Typical Section Showing Continuous Bank Screen Reflectors Interior of Union Market National Bank, Watertown, Mass. Equipped with Frink Reflectors Dennison & Hirons, Architects O UR Engineering Department is cooperat- ing with the leading architects in laying out and designing the lighting of prominent banks throughout the country. The lighting of bank furniture needs careful study and we will be pleased to make suggestions. Where conditions are suitable and we can cooperate with the architect at an early stage, it is often possible to light the entire banking room by means of upward diffusers. “Specify Frink Reflectors” 2…& º - Typical Double Desk Reflector I. P. FRINK, Inc. 24th Street and 10th Avenue - - New York, N. Y. Branches in Principal Cities June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 165 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK Chicago Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Architects º º º - CITIZENS UNION NATIONAL BANK Louisville, Ky. D. X. Murphy, York & Sawyer, Associate Architects Abell, Smalley & Myers, Equipment Engineers CLEVELAND DISCOUNT BUILDING Walker & Weeks, Architects HIBERNIA BANK & TRUST CO. New Orleans Favrot & Livaudis, Architects Alfred C. Bossom, Associate Architect Typical Banks recently equipped with Frink Reflectors 1 “Specify Frink Reflectors” I. P. Frink, Inc. FIRST NATIONAL BANK Jersey City, N. J. Alfred C. Bossom, Architect 24th St. and 10th Ave., New York Branches in Principal Cities ºn sº sºn EEE EEE EEE see sºn see FROST NATIONAL BANK San Antonio, Texas Sanguinet & Staats, Architects FIRST NATIONAL BANK Detroit, Mich. Albert Kahn, Architect Thomas Bruce Boyd, Inc., Equipment Engineer: * º - - - -- HARTFORD CONNECTICUT TRUST CO. Benjamin W. Morris, Architect Abell, Smalley & Myers, Equipment Engineers 166 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 • IN TER COMANAUNICATION . FOR OLD AND NEW-BUILDINGS HEN an architect specifies intercom- municating equipment for a business building, he can secure quality, permanence and flexibility by writing three words: Western Electric Inter-Phones. Quality is built into these systems by an organization which has devoted its 54 years in the electrical field to seeking out the best in methods and materials—and to in- corporating these siftings of science into every product that bears the Western Elec- tric nameplate. DESK - TYPE • OF.. INTE-R-PHONE Permanence, too, is an inbuilt quality of these Inter-Phones. The Western Electric Inter-Phones that are being installed in new business buildings today will still be deliv- ering flawless service when those struc- tures are referred to as landmarks. Interchangeable push button plates give these Inter-Phone Systems real flexibility, making it a simple matter to increase the number of stations. %5term Electric Company Offices in All Principal Cities º: M/25/art1 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 167 • B AN KING : H O U S E S . • FOR - F. XANAP L F. . O a bank its intercommunicating system is as essential as its vaults. Countless transactions de- pend upon the rapid interchange of information between departments. Western Electric Inter-Phones put all departments on the desk of the bank executive and make the check- ing of information a matter of seconds. For every other form of building where intercommunication between departments or between rooms is de- sired, this system is ideal. Western Electric Inter-Phones are particularly suited to use in business buildings, schools, hospitals, apartment houses and residences. Western Electric Company Offices in All Principal Cities AT. THE - FRENCH-AMERICAN - BANK 1 NG CORPORATION-NEW-YORK-INTER-PHONES ARE USED E DIT. MANAG E R - KE. E. P.S Thi - OTHER - DEPARTMENTS H E - C R. • Wi Tse'ſ Electric INTERPHONE. SYSTE. W. S. 168 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Here's one reason why electrical contractors prefer She rar duct The clean sharp cut threads on every length of Sherarduct Rigid Conduit not only saves hours of time by eliminating the necessity of re-threading pipe on the job, but also assures a tight and permanent joint because all threads are thoroughly Sherardized. The zinc is alloyed with the steel in every thread and thus made proof against rust. It's one of the reasons why electrical contractors everywhere prefer Sherarduct in all kinds of wiring jobs where absolute protection of the wiring system is required. Furthermore, the pipe can be bent more readily because it has been annealled by the intense heat to which it is subjected in the Sherardizing process. Thational metal molding Company 1385 FULTON BUILDING PITTSBURGH - PENNA. Represented in all principal cities º SH E P. º A R D UCT º -- º - º - º º º ſº Sherarduct R | C. D CON D U T June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 169 * † - Nº have seen houses that have wº fº. old before their times ouses out of plumb-boards pulled away from their nail- ings, floors sagged - these are the almost certain results of poor materials.” ~ Robert Taylor Jones - - II Technical Director, The o/Architects’ Sma House Service Bureau, ‘Northwestern Divi- ſon, Inc., inneapolis, &Minn. Long-Bell trade. A marked Lumber, ones, identifies - not only Nº. dependability s but economical depend- ability s to builders of homes scottage and mansion alike- The Løncº-Bell, LImber Companu 609 R.A.LONG EUILDING Kº ANSAS CITY, NMO. Lumbermen sinc —at-a- 170 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll The WHITE HOUSE Line SECTIONAL UNIT STEEL DREssBRs IN Banks and Industrial Buildings where efficiency and Service are the keynotes to success, WHITE HOUSE Units are installed in the kitchens for the directors and employees. STEEL Dressers instead of wooden ones assure a Sanitary and efficient kitchen. WHITE HOUSE construction is verminproof, mouseproof, fireproof and durable. Catalogue and photographs of The WHITE HOUSE Line on request WHITE HOUSE Units are installed in the following buildings: Chamber of Commerce Bldg., N. Y. Helme & Corbett Foxhurst Radio Station, N. J. National Park Bank Donn Barber McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin Globe Indemnity Bldg. Frank Goodwillie Otis Elevator Company, N. Y. East Brooklyn Savings Bank Koch & Wagner Mutal Life Ins. Co., N. Y. J A N E S S K I R T L A N D Established 1840 129 West 44th Street, New York City Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllii#IIIll||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Rubber Covered Wires and Cables National Electrical Code Standard FOR FOR FACTORIES AND SCHOOLS AND OFFICE BUILDINGS PUBLIC BUILDINGS Complete detail specifications for your files upon request. Ask for Simcore Specifications No. 2053. - 0 +\|M(ſ)|f- SMHRWRE8(AEC +\|M(ſ)|{i+ 201 DEVONSHIRE ST., BOST ON 9 15 SOUTH DESPLAINES ST., CHICAGO 612 HOWARD ST., SAN FRANCISCO June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM WEISTEEL rºtarº ---sºre R Compartments for Banks and Monumental Buildings 5... e. no new on Lean s.v.” * I e E R N tº e a rºw eu º Lo .., u -- * **"::"..., ... sº e = * * * July 5th, 19° -----~ * WEISTEEL Compartments in de- sign, finish, quality of materials and workmanship, harmonize with other select materials used in fine buildings. Bethune. º: :::::::. LB- Agent for Henry Weis Manufacturing Co - . Atchison, Kansas- All toilet rooms in Federal Re- serve Banks in New Orleans and Nashville are equipped with WEISTEEL Compartments. Dear Sir: f our You have requeste: an expression O ºis* Toilet Partitions opinion as to ".. ite, ked into its mer isfied me ago, W* 100 nough satis *::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"º- and after º *::::::. use it in our Fe ºth its quº : work in this city. Yours very truly, \º Federal Reserve Bank Nashville, Tennessee A. Ten Eyck Brown, Architect Marr & Holman, Associate Architects Foster & Creighton, Contractors 1923 Edition Catalog No. //, giving complete information, details and specifications, will be sent on request HENRY WE IS MANU FA CTURING CO. New York, N.Y. Chicago, Ill. ATCHISON, KANSAS Boston, Mass. Los Angeles, Calif. 110 West 34th Street 105 West Monroe Street 8 Beacon Street 616 South Utah Street º 172 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM The history of the organizations comprising the Edwin F. Guth Company is a story of rapid growth replete with unusual accomplishments. The St. Louis Brass Manufacturing Company was organized 21 years ago by Edwin F. Guth and asso- ciates. From its beginning the company has specialized in designing and building special light- ing fixtures of every kind and description. The great bronze fixture which illuminates the dome of Missouri's three-million-dollar Capitol-the largest lighting fixture ever built-is a product of this company. Throughout the country many of the finesthomes, hotels, clubs, churches, schools, theatres, hospitals, railway stations, state capitols, municipal, bank and office buildings are equipped with scientific lighting effects designed and manufactured by the St. Louis Brass Manufacturing Company. In 1913 Mr. Guth invented the Brascolite—a new principle in lighting—and the Brascolite Company was organized to market this new fixture, which is now the largest-selling lighting fixture in the world. Other improvements and innovations have followed, such as Aglite, Aglite Jr., Magic- Lite, Elite, Concealite, Industrolite–and now, Maze-Lite, a new fixture for the home. Both companies have prospered remarkably. Factory enlargements have been made from time to time—and new and modern equipment has been installed—so that today the combined inter- ests represent the largest and most completely equipped organization of its kind. In unifying the interests of these two interrelated companies into one great institution, it will be possible to effect substantial economies, such as those resulting from combined management, buy- ing power and sales effort. There has been no change in the Executive per- sonnel, or in the process of manufacture. The only change is that which naturally follows growth —a bigger, better, stronger organization devoted to the production of lighting equipment of every type and style, to meet every lighting need. THE EDWIN F. GUTH COMPANY General Offices and Plant, ST. LOUIS, U. S. A. BRANCH OFFICES: (Sales and Service) Boston Chicago New Orleans New York Atlanta Minneapolis Los Angeles Seattle Detroit Philadelphia Cincinnati Omaha The Edwin F. Guth manufacturing plantis now the largest and best equipped plant of its kind. Every phase of manu- facture—from raw materials to finished product—is conducted within the plant. This includes designing, modeling, founding, stamping, spinning, machin- ing and electroplating. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 173 2helf. IDWIN IF. (GUTHICOMIDANY D E s ] G N E R S – NA A N U FA C T U R E R S Alighting Equipment This Hall Mark Identifies Every GUTH Product In the old days of the Guild workers a Master's signature was the symbol of a priceless crafts- manship. And so today the Guth hall mark, identifying each prod- uct of the Edwin F. Guth Com- pany, stands for the highest integ- rity of quality and workmanship. ſº &2 This hand-chased cast bronze lantern is an example of Guth craftsmanship in designing and manufacturing artistic, decorative lighting fixtures to meet any architectural requirement or to harmo- nize with any period treatment. 174 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM TONCAN: Metal Lath for all interior parti- tions and for the other sheet metal work in the State Normal School at Fresno, Calif., was of Toncan Metal. State Architect Geo. B. Mc- Dougall planned these buildings. TONCAN: This is the main kitchen of Rhode Island Hospital, Providence. Hood over cook- ing apparatus, vent and flues of Toncan. Installed 1911. Are still in excellent condition Architects: Kendall, Taylor & Co., Boston. TONCAN: All the skylights, window frames, fire doors, conductor pipes and other sheet metal work in the Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago, are of Toncan Metal. Architects: Marshall and Fox, Chicago. Architects: Watson & Huckel, Phila., Pa. Builder: I. F. Woodbury & Sons Co., Boston UNION STATION, Worcester, Mass. Built 1911. Tomcan sheet metal used Still in splendid condition Sheet metal that will not quickly turn to red dust It is the nature of iron to rust. For centuries men formed iron into serviceable shapes and used all their skill and ingenuity, but a few years later rust destroyed their work (except in rare instances). Metallurgists fought the twin diseases of iron-rust and corrosion. By removing the impurities from iron and in later years by the addition of other metals, they developed a rust-resisting, anti-corrosive alloy. Tomcan is this rust-resisting, anti-corrosive metal When Toncan was made architects saw in it great savings of iron, of money and of labor in replacing rusted-out metal work. Many leading architects have used Toncan con- stantly since it was brought to their atten- tion and time has justified their confidence; for Toncan is found everywhere in splendid condition after twelve to fifteen years of service, as roofing, siding, gutter, ridge roll, down spouts, flashing, metal lath, ducts, refrigerators and, in fact, wherever lasting sheet metal can be used. Toncan gives permanence at moderate cost Toncan possesses a rust-resistance unequaled by any other moderate priced sheet metal, at the same time it has all the other good qualities of the best ordinary sheet metal. Toncan is the logical material to use for all sheet metal work for it combines moderate cost with supreme durability, strength and adaptability. Tomcan is an alloy This is the age of alloys. The making of al- loyed iron and steel is our life work. Toncan is commercially pure iron alloyed with just that amount of copper which gives it the greatest possible resistance to rust. It is only one of our achievements for the con- servation of metals. If you do not have our book “Better Sheet Metal” which gives full information on Ton- can and the names of many of the architects who are using it, we will be glad to send you a copy promptly on request. UNITED ALLOY STEEL CORPORATION, CANTON, OHIO Branches in Large Cities-Distributors Everywhere TONCAN METAL Commercially pure iron alloyed with copper to obtain the greatest possi- ble resistance to rust and corrosion. U-LOY STEELS Special analysis and alloy steels made to your specification or ours for any required purpose. MADE BY THE OLDEST AND LARGEST PRODUCERS OF HIGH-GRADE ALLOY STEEL UNITED ALLOY STEEL CORPORATION June, 1923 175 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM STE E L CRETE ARMOR E D VAU LTS AS DEVELOPED FOR FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS <> º HE use of “Steelcrete” mats embedded in a rich concrete of carefully chosen aggregate as an armor in substitution for the old ex- pensive metal linings con- stitutes one of the most striking developments in many years in the bank vaults field. This new form of vault armor was developed and adopted after severe tests for use in Federal Reserve Banks which were contem- plated at the time the tests were made. Sufficient to say that “Steelcrete” was chosen from among different types of armor construction which included some form of prac- tically all well known sys- tems of vault protection. Write for information on “Steel- crete” Armored Vaults <> r º ºs ITHIN a year of the first application of “Steelcrete” in this manner it has been used by the fol- lowing banks: New York Federal Reserve Bank Maiden Lane and Nassau St. New York City Bowery Savings Bank 42nd Street and Park Avenue New York City Bank of Niagara Niagara Falls, N. Y. Mechanics & Metals Bank (86th Street Branch) 86th St. and Broadway New York City Greenwich Savings Bank 36th St. and Broadway New York City Oklahoma City Branch of Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank New Orleans Branch of Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank Nashville Branch of Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank Numerous other notable banks in addition to those here mentioned have used this new system during the past year in preference to the thick vault linings. The Federal Reserve Bank, New York City The Consolidated Expanded Metal Companies Home Office and Works: BRADDOCK, PA. NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH CHICAGO 537 West 35th St. 1075 Germantown Ave. Oliver Bldg. 1234 W. Washington Blvd. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 In a recent test conducted by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratories, a sheet of National Stucco-Plaster Re- inforcement 8 feet long and 26 inches wide sustained a load of 10,322 lbs. (5 tons) without distortion! This enormous strength of National Stucco-Plaster Re- inforcement embedded in your walls of plaster and stucco willinsure permanent construction. lls of S tren ºr A v- /* /~ HEAVY WATERPROOF PAPER 14 GA. GALVANIZED WIRES ELECTRICALLY WELDED taken for Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory March 5, 1923 \ 2. 24dd this strength fo your waſ/s = −and ceilings National Stucco-Plaster Rein- forcement is a welded steel fabric of either 2 x 2 inch or 2 x 4 inch mesh, with self-furring crimps and a heavy waterproof paper backing. It becomes thoroughly embedded in the plaster or Stucco and acts as a reinforce- ment as well as a base. The small picture shows a section of plaster or stucco as used on National Stucco - Plaster Reinforcement; note the way the fabric is em- bedded in the material, reinforc- ing it in all directions. Handled by Dealers—write for samples and literature. National Steel Fabric Co. (Subsidiary of Pittsburgh Steel Company) 710 Union Arcade Pittsburgh, Pa. i-i-º-Tº- --- --|_|_ I I I I I I I I | | | | --|--|-- --|-| |_ Hunon-AREADH-Building HPITT's Burg HU.S.A.----- June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 177 BRIDGEPORT Plumnilo BRAss PIPE In the GREENWICH SAVINGS BANK The Greenwich Savings Bank, New York York & Sawyer, Architects Marc Eidlitz & Son, Inc., General Contractors Eugene Duklauer, Plumbing Contractor HIS is well known as New York City's of the equipment into which their invest- third oldest and one of the soundest ments go, can implicitly rely upon the and most conservative fi- soundness and conserva– nancial institutions. The - tive character of the selection of Plumrite Brass material sold under the Pipe for use throughout the Plumrite trade mark. Its water supply system re- manufacture is regulated flects a constantly growing with a scientific accuracy tendency on the part of all and safeguarded by an interested in permanency - eternal vigilance not less of equipment tousemateri ºn than that of the financial al of unquestioned quality. showing some of the lines of “Pumrite" institutions which have Architects, owners and financial insti- adopted it as a part of the security nec- tutions concerned with the permanence essary for their building investments. A booklet “Brass Pipe and Piping” will give you an interesting insight into the relation of Plumrite Pipe to your building investment. Ask for booklet AF623 BRIDGEPORT BRASS COMPANY &\ BRIDGEPORT Brig ter Ort CONNECTICUT -aan- \C 178 June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECT U R A L FOR U M Cº there be any better example than a store front of exposed metal trim constantly under close public scru- tiny? The polished Monel Metal trim of this New Orleans shoe store, a year af. ter installation, is just as attractive as when new. And the proprietor states that, after his experience with Monel Metal for this purpose, he would not consider any other material. Adapting Monel Metal exactly for this use are these inherent qualities. 1. Monel Metal is strong as steel; it has great resistance to any- thing liable to dent or scratch its surface. In the º Exacting Service of Store Front Trim 67 WALL STREET 2. Monel Metal is readily formed by the sheet metal worker. 3. Monel Metal, being a nickel alloy, is rust-proof, taking and retain- ing a brilliant nickel polish. 4. Even alkaline cleaning com- pounds, or acid fumes and gases encountered in industrial areas, will not injure its surface. You will want these characteristics in metal trim on many a building you plan. Flashings, roof and trim, decora- tive doors, grilles and railings, are made of Monel Metal in some of the coun- try's best-known buildings. Data on the qualities of Monel Metal should be in your files. THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY New York CITY June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 179 S-(-(-(e-Q-K-K-K-K-K-K-Q-K-Q-G-G- HASTINGS ROLUP SCREENS are locked in the side guide rails with metal L shaped hooks. They are the only rolling screens having this feature and they are the om/y ro//img screems w/ic/ can- moſ puſ/ out at the sides. “Hastings Handbook of Window Screens'' sent to architects on request Mt. Sinai Hospital, - set our New York City - see our Catalocut Arnold W. Brunner, Architect | | catalogue || || Sweers Dr. S. S. Goldwater, Superintendent | Sweers Equipped with --> --> --~~~ Hastings Rolup Screens ROLUP SCREEN COMPANY–410 E. 32nd St., New York Representatives in all principal cities — Y- June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 181 180 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 _/ - - VERY bank must have its Electric - - Time System, and the importance of having this equipment complete and per- manently reliable cannot be overesti- mated. Recognition of this fact is reflected in the ever-increasing demand for Inter- nationals in banks and kindred institu- tions. International equipment for banks in- cludes a full assortment of handsome and - - reliable Master Clocks and Secondary º Clocks, for timekeeping purposes; Elec- tric Time Stamps, for the stamping of mail, certifying checks and stamping of all business papers which involve the fac- tor of time; the Recording Door Lock, which supplies a printed record of every time that a door is unlocked or locked and the identity of the person using the key; the Watchman’s Station, which gives a complete and accurate record of each in- spection trip. Many banks are also improving effi- ciency, simplifying payroll accounting and greatly reducing payroll clerical work and expense by using International Card or Dial Recorders to record the arrivals and departures of employees. International Electric Time Systems for Banks provide highest pro- tective efficiency and maintain it through quality construction Branch Offices and Service Sta- tions in all principal cities insure prompt and thorough co-opera- tion to Architects, Builders and Bank Officials - - Write for Complete Literature NTERNATIONAL "Me Recºnnecº º ºg º ºxº Expºrt M.Y. International Time Recording Company, of New York Oldest and Largest Manufacturer in the World of Time Systems D General Offices: 50 Broad Street, New York City Branch Offices and Service Stations in All Principal Cities of the World Model “A” Time Stamp—fully auto- matic. Either electrically op- ºr Above — Record- ing Door Lock, as fitted to door. At left—Master Re- corder on which the Door Lock automatically makes its printed record. At right— Watchman’s Sta- tion. erated or clock driven. Marble Dial and square wooden Secondary Clocks, two types of a complete and handsome assortment. Can be equipped with our Silent Polarized Movement, or the International Ratchet and Pawl Movement. INTERNATIONAL Electric Time Systems - - Electric Time Stamp — top printermodel. Master Clock—Type D. Motor-wound. Weight- driven. 60-beat. High- est grade commercial Master Clock obtain- able. Card and Dial Recorders. Two models of a complete line which fills every time-recording need of business and industry. º - 182 T H E A R C HITECTURAL FOR U M June, 1923 BYERS PIPE GENUINE WROUGHT IRON 1. Old Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. Erected 1890. Byers pipe in heating system, still in excellent condition. Father Time Passes Judgment HE rust-resistance of a metal cannot be pre-determined by laboratory tests. Only the test of time and service is decisive. So the metallurgist stands aside, waiting for the verdict of Father Time. The Garfield Building, Cleveland, erected 1890, shown in circle above, furnishes an example of the long life of Byers pipe which is duplicated wher- ever Byers was installed years ago. The builders of today, profiting by this knowledge, specify and insist on the in- stallation of Byers pipe above or under- ground, indoors or out, where the greatest durability is desired at a mod- erate COSt. The diagram shows the average items of cost in a pipe system. The pipe itself is but a small part of the total cost, and the extra cost of Byers pipe is but 5 or 10% of the total cost of the pipe system. Yet the life of the system depends al- most entirely on the rust-resistance of the pipe. For when the pipe fails, the entire investment is lost, and more. Send for Byers Bulletin No. 38. “The Installation Cost of Pipe,” containing cost analyses of a variety of plumbing, heating and power piping systems A. M. BYERS COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. New York Philadelphia Boston Distributors in all jobbing centers Established 1864 Cleveland Chicago Houston --~~~~ - d in eve Gallº I" olle 2. New Public Library, De- troit, Mich. Architect: Charles Gilbert, New York City. Byers pipe installed for plumbing and heating 3. New Real Estate Bldg., Detroit, Mich. Architect: Louis Kamper, Detroit. Byers pipe installed throughout. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 183 Wºmen-Vºlpºns TNATIONAL PIPE for bank and office buildings N Bank Buildings, as in all other types of office structures, the se- lection of “NATIONAL.” Pipe by the architect characterizes him as progressively conservative; alive to the merits of a modern product; careful in his expenditures to get ‘‘ value received ’’; wise in the matter of making “safe invest- ments.” In fact, he reflects sound banking policy — one reason why ‘‘ NATIONAL.” is so often in- stalled in the ‘‘permanent ‘’ class of buildings. NATIONALTUBE COMPANY Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. DISTRICT SALES OFFICES IN THE LARGER CITIES = The Hartford Connecticut Trust Co. Benj. W. Morris Austin Engineering Co. Architect Heating Contractors 184 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Z Zw Ż 7 % % % M º % % z ž % ^ Ž º % & 4%.4% %, 4% 4 - - % & | / º * Doorway of residence by G. C. Burroughs and J. H. Deeken, Architects, Cincinnati,construct- ed for Robt. H. Black, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati. Higgin All- Metal Weather strips and Screens throughout. Higgin All-Metal Weatherstrips are Specified for Well-Planned Homes Higgin All-Metal Weatherstrips make homes comfortable. They make doors and windows absolutely tight against seepage of air. Cold air can't get in. Warm air can't get out. Higgin All-Metal Weatherstrips place no restrictions whatever upon architectural treatment. They are as durable as the woodwork itself. Higgin Service-men and fitters are prepared to ably advise you on any phase of screening and weatherstripping for all residence, factory and office-building construction. There is a Higgin service-office convenient to you. Let it serve you. . -t * -- - - - - - - -º m. is m ºf m = n+1 WYPICAL OFrict FL TYPICAL OFFICE FL F[G : 7 F|G 8 SHOwing BANK with SHOWING BANK WITH OFFICES ABOVE AND OFFICES OYER ON METHOD OF LIGHTING cCRNER LOT SECTION A.A. 5 ECTION A. A Fig. 7 Fig. 8 the public in passing the building can see into the bank and be impressed by the dignity and size of the banking room. In order to make this possible, it is well to treat the facade of the building in accordance with what is called the “open" scheme. By this means arched openings, columns, etc., may be used in the facade, which will permit a view of the bank- ing room from the street. Having considered the individual bank located in a large city, we may turn our attention to consider- ation of banks having stories above the banking room, and banks combined with office buildings. These types of banks present much the same prob- lem as does the typical office building, having, how- ever, the added difficulty of providing for the weight of the superstructure over the banking room. Pro- vision may be made in two obvious ways: one, by carrying the superstructure on girders; the other, by bringing the columns which carry the upper part of the building down into the banking room. The Rhode Island Hospital Trust Building, in Provi- dence, offers a splendidexample of an imposing room in which the columns have been brought down through the banking room. In this case the architec- tural solution is extremely good, because the col- umns are correctly spaced in order to meet the re- quirements of good architectural design. In many cases, however, the columns are brought down as structural members only and are not disposed so as to permit of a pleasing architectural expression. Such an arrangement is not only wrong aesthetically, but it is an evidence of stupidity, frequently on the part of the designer and the engineer, showing that they have not collaborated properly. In banks which are housed in the lower parts of office buildings, the solution of the bank entrance is always involved by the necessity of providing also for an entrance to the office building. Of course each office building will offer peculiar conditions which will determine the solution, but one may say that for the usual type and shape of lots which the architect has to consider, the generalization ex- pressed by Figs. 7, 8 and 9 will hold to be true. Fig. 7 shows the plan of an office building with the bank- ing room on the ground floor, on a lot approximately 80 feet wide. In this plan the columns which carry the exterior court walls of the building come down through the bank and permit of good lighting for the banking room. Fig. 8 Iſlandull shows a corner lot ap- proximately 60 feet wide. The arrangement of the upper stories of |ſiſ. DDDI] [lſ]. the office building will have a determining ef- fect upon the arrange- ment of the banking room, such as is shown THE BullDING AS ONE MOTIVE F 1 G 3 Yn ITH to colu MNS Hºuſ lifºr lil I ||r. oncº wº nT º 2ANK Ent SECTION ELEVATION TREATING ELEV FRANKLY SHOWS BANK WITH OFFICES OVER, but | N tº ANKANG ROOM in the Section AA. If all columns are left out . of the room, the en- trance to the bank is not on the center line of the facade. The bank TREATING THE BANK ENTRANCE - SEPARATELY entrance, so de-cen- June, 1923 257 T H E A R C HITECTURAL FOR U M tered, may be treated frank- ly as is shown in Fig. 9. The entrance to the Bowery Sav- ings Bank on 42nd street, New York (York & Sawyer, architects), is treated in this manner. In that particular building, result of the study is seen in the fine example of this solution of a bank located on an interior lot. The foregoing outline cov- ers, in a general manner, the problems confronting the architect in the design of the modern city bank. The style of architecture and the char- acter of ornament and detail are matters of personal taste which might be discussed ad infinitum, but if we did we would very likely at the end of the discussion find that we had reached the place we started from. The banks in cities of lesser importance are quite similar to the metropolitan banks in their requirements, save that, of course, all the elements entering into their composition are on a smaller scale. The building com- mittees of such banks will nearly always say to the architect, “We want a fine room, but nothing elab- orate.” The same principles for the obtaining of this fine room apply to the small bank as well as to the large. Perhaps the most important consideration in the design of the banking room is the entrance or approach. It must be in keeping with the character and importance of the bank. Frequently, large bank buildings housing im- posing banking rooms are provided with entrances which are cramped and in- significant, giving no idea that one is about to enter a room of monumental pro- portions. One of the diffi- culties which the architect has to meet is the desire of the building committee to locate the directors' and committee rooms in the front part of the building on T-TTTT --- . . . . . . . . . Hºer [T] --T-1 - - . . . .# 55 45 VESTIBULF, SCALE OF FEET First Floor Plan Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., Providence York & Sawyer, Architects THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Detail of Doorway to Office Elevator Lobby First National Bank, Detroit Albert Kahn, Architect the mezzanine floor. This ar- rangement of necessity cramps the entrance of the bank. If the necessary rooms for the directors and com- mittee cannot be placed on the ground floor, the archi- tect should seek to place them on a mezzanine gallery or on a floor at the rear of the banking room, even if the room is somewhat shortened in consequence. In the small bank, as with the large, the question of architectural style is one which must be worked out by the architect himself. Often it is a good plan for him to prepare several small sketches in order to obtain ig. 11. Wall Inscription F Union Market National Bank, Watertown, Mass. Dennison & Hirons, Architects an expression from the building committee as to the preference in the matter of architectural interpretation. The locality of the building and its surround- ings should properly have much to do with the style in which the building is designed. It would not seem logical to de- sign a bank in the Spanish mis- sion style if it is to be erected in some staid New England town. The building would look de- cidedly out of place. Similarly, a design inspired by the work of Bulfinch or Thornton would not seem to be “in the picture” if carried out in San Diego. The consideration of mate- rials is very important, and it must have the attention of the architect from the earliest stages of the work of designing the building. A design in brick would differ naturally in char- acter from one executed in gran- ite, limestone or marble. The architectural ornament con- tributes much to the building, if it is well done, and detracts even more if it is badly done. Having studied the general de- sign with a view to executing it for certain specified materials, it is wise for the architect to keep in mind that the modeling shall be such that the ornament may be fittingly expressed in the material chosen, whether that material be of limestone or marble, iron or bronze, or what- not. All these materials have their peculiar limitations and qualities. The skillful architect understands how to employ them to their best advantage. It seems advisable to execute the interior of the banking room in materials which are light in tone and color, on the general principle that a room finished in light, neutral colors presents an ample effect. The various stones, such as travertine and Caen, have excellent qualities for the finishing of rooms of this nature. These stones have an added advantage in that they are easily worked. Fre- quently, the cost of using these stones is prohibitive; in that case they can be imitated in June, 1923 259 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM plaster with excellent results. The color of the banking screen is also to be carefully considered, because if the screen is made of marbles or woods which are dark the im- pression is created that the public space is smaller than it really is. The color of the screen should bear a definite relation to the color of the room and should harmonize with it. If decorations, paint- ed or otherwise, are used in the treatment of the walls and ceiling, great care should be taken in the colors em- ployed. Mural decoration in banks has, with the excep- tion of certain large city banks, been decidedly neg- lected. As an example of a bank which has taken ad- vantage of the possibilities of such decoration we may cite a certain bank occupy- ing a prominent location on the main square in Water- town, Massachusetts. The president realized that his bank is located in the center of a historic community. He felt that the bank had taken a vital part in the develop- ment of that community, and decided that this fact should serve as an inspira- tion for the mural decora- tions of the walls of their new banking building. Wa- tertown was the original mother town of Cambridge, Arlington, Belmont, Brigh- ton, and several other towns. The architect of the bank, acting with the approval of the bank officials, made pro- vision for the installation of the panel shown in Fig. 10. This panel was placed in the center of the ceiling. It shows the map of the district served by the bank, and also the various towns that origi- nally formed a part of Wa- tertown. Below this map are seen three figures represent- ing Finance assisting In- dustry and Agriculture. This is appropriate symbolism, since Watertown is a weav- ing and agricultural center. . Main Banking Room First National Bank, Detroit Albert Kahn, Architect Fig. 10. Ceiling Panel Union Market National Bank, Watertown, Mass. Dennison & Hirons, Architects This painting was executed by A. T. Schwartz, and its colors harmonize beautifully with the color scheme of the room. The use of inscriptions, such as those which are shown in Fig. 11, also taken from this Watertown bank, make effective and distinguished wall decorations. The same principles and limi- tations apply to sculptural orna- ment. In employing sculptured ornament, the architect must make careful preparatory stud- ies of the model, bearing always in mind the nature of the mate- rials, the direction from which the light comes, and the height of the ornament above the eye, and he should select a sculptor who is thoroughly familiar with work of 260 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM this nature. Architects, as a general rule, make good quarter-scale drawings, three-quarter scale details, and full size profiles. From these drawings the mod- els are worked up, usually at some convenient scale such as will permit the architect to judge the compo- sition as a whole. The sculptor then builds up in clay the model of the ornament at full size. This in turn is criticized by the architect. It is extremely difficult Perspective View of Exterior Exterior materials; Terra for even an experienced architect to size the true scale and proportion of ornament in detail without the use of scale models. As a practical suggestion, the architect may judge better of the character of scale of the ornament if a small portion of the archi- tectural members surrounding the ornament are al- ways included in the small scale model of the orna- ment to show the relation of parts. The photograph of the model (Fig. 12) shows the advantage of study by these means. The belt course at X was too heavy; it was reduced to the propor- tion shown at Y. The cartouche over the main entrance as first designed was considered too large; the model showed that it could be reduced in size. The panels between the windows over the main entrance show various degrees of depth of re- lief; this permitted the archi- tect to judge which was prefer- able. The upper side windows in the rusticated portion in the quarter-scale drawing looked like those shown at R. It was considered that they gave a sense of too great a repetition of the windows above. They were changed as shown at S, and in the executed work they were made somewhat larger. Several studies of the iron facias can be seen between the pilas- ters. The lettering in the frieze was changed since the letters shown at ANK were thought to be too high and too crowded. The spacing and height were changed as shown. By this system of study many of the pitfalls of the ar- chitect may be avoided, and OFFICE.P.9 Banking Room Floor Plan cotta and brick. The ceiling of the main banking lobby is ex- ecuted in colors; floor and screens are of marble. Walls and columns are of imitation stone, toned with gold leaf and decorative coloring. From the third to the twelfth floors the building is divided into offices with 30 rooms on a floor. Each floor is so planned that all or any part may readily be given over to the use of one organi- zation. BANK OF ITALY, LOS ANGELES MORGAN, WALLS & MORGAN, ARCHITECTS the finished result should be a good example of architecture, this quality of course being dependent upon the architect's ability and training. Contrary to asomewhat common opinion, it is not necessarily expensive for the architect to study his building in this manner, be- cause much time may be saved by making accurate judgments from a three-dimension model study as against much more inaccurate judgment from two- dimension drawings. The foregoing may serve to give an idea of the problems facing the architect in the de- signing of bank buildings, and June, 1923 THE ARCHITE CTURAL FORUM º Detail of Exterior Lamp York & Sawyer, Architects it may also suggest useful methods of study. Perhaps it is digressing somewhat, but it may be fitting to mention in this connection a reason many of the banks throughout the country are not betterplanned and better designed. The fault lies largely in the fact that the banking communities are not educated to under- stand the function and necessity of employing the thoroughly trained type of architect if it lies within their power to engage such a one. In many cases throughout the country the banks have employed firms which operate under the title of "contracting designers.” The employment of such firms means that the bank officers are relieved of all worry from the time the first line is drawn on tracing paper Fig. 12. f * º See References in Text ºr cº- --> Detail of Bank Screen Albert Kahn, Architect until the building is completed, even to putting the ink in the inkwells. This is an unfortu- nate condition of affairs be- cause it spells a lack of intel- ligent co-operation between the banker and the architect. If one is to gauge the progress of our architecture as seen in our public buildings, it must be evident that a greater and greater understanding of the function, necessity and responsibility of the trained architect must be gained by the public in order to insure further advancement. There is, unfortunately, a habit prevalent in many architects' offices today of executing work with too great a speed. Entirely insufficient time is frequently allowed for the study of the architectural problems. ! º º º: ſºl ºf it... º º º †: º: … - - --~~~~ º - - Dennison & Hirons, Architects 262 T H E ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 HE building for the First National Bank, Bos- ton, now in course of erection, illustrates a new tendency in bank planning by which economy of valuable space is effected without loss of the archi- tectural dignity which should characterize the quar- ters of an important financial institution. The main entrance gives immediate access to the officers' room, 50 feet deep, 100 feet in width and four stories in height, while just beyond a vaulted space, 28 feet wide and three stories in height, extends back into the building, the side walls containing the wickets of the tellers. Upon mezzanine floors back of these walls and within easy communication with the tell- ers are the clerical and working forces of the bank. These mezzanine floors are so planned that portions of them may be leased to tenants until increasing business requires their use by the bank. Apart from economy of space this plan effects economy of deco- ration owing to the greatly reduced area of walls and ceilings in the main banking room. The main entrance is at grade level, halfway between the levels of the first and basement floors, this making the secondary banking quarters on the basement floor level fully as accessible to the public as the main floor. WORKING SPACE Il SPACE. - - tº - Epº TT PUBLIC SPACE WOPKING SPACE __ == *-* * 2. –-º-º- ==== 5CALE OF FEET Perspective View of Exterior First Floor Plan MSEMENT - A [T] 2. /O 15 2O 25. 3d SCALE OF FEET -* Longitudinal Section First National Bank, Boston York & Sawyer, Architects The Planning of Banks By PHILIP SAWYER Of York & Sawyer, Architects, New York HEN the development of steel construction and the perfection of the elevator enabled us to go into the air with our buildings, it was some time before we readjusted our minds to the new conditions and appreciated that in designing a building 20 stories high, neither repetitions of two- or three-story buildings nor any other pile of sec- tional bookcases would prove as satisfactory as a clean shaft with as much of a base as our street con- ditions and the provision of shops and entrances would allow, and with some termination other than the heavily projecting cornice which can no longer have any adequate relation to the height of the wall. The St. Paul Building and the “Tel. & Tel.” illus- trate the old conception to New Yorkers, while the Bush Terminal and the 40th Street Building show a modern tendency which has so far reached its apoth- eosis in the Woolworth. More than 20 years of study and experiment have gone to attaining this result. In bank planning also, the problem itself has changed from year to year. As the banks have grown and their organi- zations have developed, new solutions have been arrived at quite different from the old, although not so conspicuous as the newer skyscrapers. The fundamental change however, is in the atti- tude of the banker him- self and of his architect toward the problem. Many institutions have grown so fast during the last few years; their needs have become so complicated, and the al- terations caused by their growth so frequent that in many banks nowadays there is at least one offi- cial who has had an inti- mate and thorough ex- perience in building and who perhaps, retaining a boyish enthusiasm for mud forts and dams in brooks, really loves it. Such a man is in a very different position from the banker of not so many years ago who called in an architect, Detail of Main Entrance First National Bank, Boston York & Sawyer, Architects gave him a survey and told him to plan a building into which, upon its completion, the bank would proceed to move and arrange itself as best it might. The architect, too, is less contented nowadays to accept as definitive information a mere memoran- dum of areas required, based on the bank's existing arrangement, and he has come to understand that if the organization is not a success in its new quar- ters, the fact that he gave them exactly what they asked for does not help him much in developing his practice. President Lowell, in speaking at the Harvard Club years ago, said that in the solution of any prob- lem the work is half done when a clear and logical statement of the problem itself has been achieved, and while this has been said many times before in different forms, it cannot be repeated too often that the most important work in bank planning is that which is done before the bank is planned, without reference to the actual size of the lot or the number of stories which it is proposed to build, or the style of architec- ture or the cost. If the banker or the architect or the equipment spe- cialist, or—best of all— all three can arrive at a working organization of the bank, define it on paper in such a way that the functions, the public contacts (taken over a considerable period by actual counts) and the inter-relations of every department are shown and their possible devel- opment or growth ade- quately provided for, diagrams can then be prepared, defining accu- rately these relations, vertically and horizon- tally, and once the prob- lem is so stated it is hard to go wrong, for, even if these requirements do not admit of perfect ful- fillment within the area of the lot, within the limits of the possible floor areas, the height or the cost, the actual plans, modified as they must º º 263 264 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FOR U M be to comply with these limitations, will still tend to be better than they would have been had the build- ing been planned first and the organization packed in it afterward, simply because the diagrams show the best solutions that can be evolved, and every move is toward that rather than being a mere attempt to install as nearly as possible a development of the existing arrangement. Not only can a better result be obtained in this way, but it is far cheaper, since the progressive changes are more easily and quickly made in tables or diagrams than in modifications of architectural drawings, and 25 years of bank plan- ning bring us to the conclusion that the more work that can be done before the planning of the bank it- self is undertaken, the quicker, the more efficient and the more economical will be the building, the better it will fit the requirements, and the more efficiently and economically the organization will work in it. When a bank has determined upon a new build- ing, it has a wonderful chance—which it often fore- goes because it is so busy with its routine work and because there is perhaps no one officer detailed to take it up, to look into the general conditions which confront it, to determine which of its departments it is most desirable to develop, and to perfect its own organization. To this end it is becoming more and more customary for the officer or the building com- mittee in charge of construction to go about the country, visiting and studying other institutions and endeavoring to obtain, so far as possible, com- plete information upon everything that may bear on the development of the bank's own organization and work as well as its physical arrangement, equip- ment and construction. In making such a trip the committee often visits also the offices of those archi- tects whom it is considering for the appointment; or, an architect being selected, he travels with the committee, making his own notes on everything that seems to him to be relevant. All this tends to detach the committee from the idea that the new bank will be most successful if it is merely an en- larged copy of the old, or that it is safe to go ahead on their own way of doing things without finding what others may have developed. If the architect accompanies the committee on such a trip, he has not only the opportunity of refreshing his knowledge of what is being done, but to arrive, after a few days of constant contact, at a more sympathetic under- standing of the point of view of the committee than he might get from some months of ordinary work- ing relations. - If the study thus far has been thoroughly done, it will present some results which may be considered surprising. It will be found, perhaps, in the case of a savings bank, that it is not necessary to put all the officers on the main floor of the bank in the tradi- tional position behind the working space, and per- haps the higher officers will be better situated on a mezzanine or gallery, if the room is of considerable height, overlooking the whole first floor, enabling them to see at a glance when any congestion occurs or there is an unusual delay in the service of the pub- lic. In the case of a commercial bank or trust com- pany, it may appear that the intimate relations necessary in a small bank between the executive officers, the loan clerk and the tellers are no longer a controlling factor, and that since these higher offi- cers do not function in direct connection with the working force, there is no longer any object in pre- serving such contact and they are better placed on an upper floor, where their work is less subject to interruption. This development, often forced upon a bank by space limitations, is now recognized in a few cases as desirable, and where in the beginning these officers were placed on the second floor, with a special elevator, one sees now that if the public takes the elevator at all, it is as easy to ride 40 sec- onds as 15, and the higher officers may be placed on the top floor as well as on the second. In the larger cities such a situation, in light quarters, high above the dirt and noise of the street, far cooler during the summer months, is certainly a desirable develop- ment. It will usually be found in preparing the first tables or charts that a proper arrangement of the ground floor, with provision for the growth of the departments placed on it, will tend to exclude everything which can be placed elsewhere. Elec- trical devices for the duplication of written orders have made it possible, and it is often desirable, to put the bookkeepers upstairs in lighter and quieter quarters than can be provided for them on the street level. The trust department is frequently placed on an upper floor and given something of the intimate or homelike character which it has in some Euro- pean banks and made to look less formal than the main banking room below. Departments handling such work as certifications, where the contact is largely with runners from other banks, may also be placed in an accessible basement, and this element is thus separated from the clients of the bank. Safe Deposit Department. Since, as has been said, it is desirable to keep away from the first floor every- thing which can be placed elsewhere, and since a modern safe deposit department requires a large area, it is now almost universally placed in the base- ment. In general, the public space in such a safe de- posit section should be reached by as liberal a stair- way as the plan will allow and also by at least one elevator from the banking room floor. This elevator, serving the vault, may also go higher than the bank- ing room floor, serving mezzanines or upper floors of the bank to which it is necessary to give the public access; or, in the case of an office building, several of the main elevators of the building may be carried down to the vault floor, although this is undesirable in a high building, since it tends to interfere with a smoothly running schedule of the cars. In the case of a small vault, provided with a single door and ventilated through an emergency opening, the pub- lic is shown into the vault and led out through the same door to the space within the protective grille from which the coupon booths open. In the case of a June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 265. larger vault, a second door opposite the first is often provided, and the boxholder is locked out through this into corridors leading to the coupon booths which can be reached only after passing through the vault. The vault thus forms a sort of double-locked vestibule to the coupon booths. For a man in a hurry, it is well to provide as near as possible to the vault door some shelf or desk upon which he may place his box if he merely wishes to open it for an instant, since it is not considered good practice in this country, although almost uni- versal in Canada, to allow him to open it in the vault itself. Next in proximity to the vault door should be the smaller coupon booths for individuals, since they are most frequently used. Other rooms should be large enough for two or more people, and a few larger rooms which will accommodate a busi- ness or trustees' meeting should be provided. In one New York bank, such a room is constantly used as an office for the transaction of business by a deposi- tor who prefers this location to any other. As this entire vault area gets no natural light or ventilation, this item must be carefully planned for, and it should be borne in mind that the vault must be ventilated separately with cooler air to compensate for the heat generated by its lights and by the people in it, and that this air must be more frequently changed than in the case of the larger areas outside of it. Like everything else in connection with the bank, the vault must provide for growth, and as nothing is more unsightly than a large vault partially filled with irregular stacks of safe deposit boxes, the best provision is to have these tiers project from the walls uniformly on either side in the beginning, and later to add to them symmetrically, completing the side aisles gradually from the back so that the vault will always have a uniform appearance. In the case of the Columbia Trust Company vault the floor of black mosaic is divided by strips of brass inlay and the ceiling is paneled in steel with brass borders, so that whenever the safe deposit boxes are extended it is necessary only to set the black marble base out to the line already fixed by the floor border, and to fit the steel cove which connects the new tier of boxes with the ceiling to the existing ceiling panel, in order to have the addition present exactly the same finished appearance as the original tier of re- centacles. - = −" — º *. front of this same vault shows a treatment of — - – 5O oo T- T H the vault door and its surrounding steelwork which H-E is more satisfactory than the usual installation of a narrow steel architrave around the door, and the larger steel surface thus exposed gives the vault an unusually impressive appearance of solidity. In this case, the black floors of mosaic inside the vault and of terrazzo in the public corridors outside are in the reflected light of the lamps almost exactly the steel color of the vault itself, and this creates an unusu- ally harmonious impression. In the Columbia vault, the base of black marble with a slight cove which is edged by the brass floor border, the brass hinges on Bowery Savings Bank, 42nd Street Branch, New York the steel boxes, and the brass panel lines on the ends **. sº " º - s - -- | º 4 º' º º º º First Floor Plan 266 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM % % % Typical Plan I TYPICAL PLAN I Typical Plan II Hartford-Connecticut Riggs National Bank, Trust Co., Hartford 67 14th and Park Road Bowery Sav. Bk., N. Y. 265 Office, Washington 75 First Nat. Bk., Boston 264 Citizens National Bank, Eliot Savings Bank, Rox- Covington, Va. 86 bury, Mass. 295 TYPICAL PLAN II TYPICAL PLAN IV State Sav. Bk., Hartford 65 First National Bank, TYPICAL PLAN III Wallingford, Conn. 81 Excelsior Savings Bank, Seacoast Trust Company, New York 78 Asbury Park, N. J. 82 Typical Plan III Typical Plan IV Security National Bank, Typical Plan V Ticonic National Bank, Sheboygan, Wis. Waterville, Me. 296 Elyria Savings & Trust TYPICAL PLAN V Company, Elyria, O. 71 First National Bank, Suffern National Bank, Wichita, Kas. Suffern, N. Y. 79 - Farmers & Mechanics Nat. Bk., Georgetown, D. C. 83 National Exchange Bk., United Sav. Bk., Detroit 88 Chestnut Hill Trust Co., Chestnut Hill, Pa. 292 7 Washington Trust Co., Nãºal, $º Bank, 8 Westerly, R. I. 266 Elizabeth, N. J. 69 Classification of Banks in This Issue under Typical Plans Light Type Indicates Pages, Heavy Type, Plates of the box tiers at the ceiling make the whole thing harmonious, and the black is used again in the han- dles of the larger boxes and in the dials on the com- binations. As it is desirable that the character of the safe de- posit department should be as solid and substantial as possible, it is well to “vault” these corridors serv- ing the safe deposit booths with arched ceilings, and if these are carried down on top of the face of the coupon rooms so that these passages look like ma- sonry tunnels in which the booth room doors occur, an impression of solidity is given which is attractive. The booths, themselves, should be individually ven- tilated and so constructed that at a glance the at- tendant who inspects each booth after it has been used can see that nothing has been left in it and no paper overlooked. To this end a glass shelf is some- times provided instead of one of wood or cork. Since most coupon booths are small and it is necessary to move the chair in getting in or out, the chair should be as light as is consistent with durability and it should, of course, have rubber buttons to make it noiseless on a hard floor. In the larger vaults, a women's room is often provided, and toilets for men and for women. From a protective point of view, mirrors are often placed in the vault at the ends of the alleys between the tiers of boxes and sometimes in the booth room corridors, and sometimes the whole vault is sur- rounded by a narrow observation gallery from which one may look down through a series of narrow glass panels close against the exterior wall of the vault, and by means of mirrors set diagonally see horizon- tally under the vault between the beams which sup- port it the electric lights at the farther ends of these spaces. In some cases, where the floor above the vault is not controlled by the bank, its construction is kept away from this floor and this space also is readily inspected from the observation gallery by means of mirrors set overhead. If this observation gallery is continuous around the vault, and if its corners are provided with vertical, diagonal mir- rors, a watchman standing at the door, when the doors are closed, can look across the face of the vault in either direction and see all four sides of the vault. Modern vaults almost invariably have electrical protection on their bolt contacts which, once thrown in, upon the closing of the doors, will give an alarm in the bank, in the central station of the electrical protective company, and perhaps also in the nearest police station if these bolts are thrown out. Often the whole outside surface of the vault is also covered with a mesh of low tension wires so that no inch of its surface can be tampered with without sending in an alarm. Watch stations are es- tablished which assure that the watchman of the bank, and in some cases the outside patrol, must turn in signals at stated intervals, and in one case in New York the outside watchman, unlocking a bronze plate in the basement wall of the building, can look from the street diagonally down through a dozen feet of masonry and see that the vault door is closed, lighted and undisturbed. Typical Plans. It is interesting to consider how few fundamental plans there are when one comes to the division of a banking room between the public and the working spaces. In 1905 the writer pub- lished the six typical plans shown on pages 266 and 267 which still seem to cover the subject. It is obvi- ous that Plan I is applicable to a deep or square lot —not to a wide, shallow lot, because in the latter case the counter screen is too short. Plan II, on the contrary, does not work on a deep, narrow lot, as it gives an insufficient counter. Plan III is identical with Plan II except that a projecting tongue in the public space gives more counter length wherever the lot is wide enough to admit of this working space, with the public area flanking it on either side. Plan IV is in the same way a modification of Plan II, and, like Plan III, requires a sufficiently wide lot to admit of the public space being extended in between two working areas. Plan V is a modification of Plan IV and is applicable wherever the area is large enough to admit carrying the working space completely around the public space so that the only June, 1923 267 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM - % Typical Plan VI A TYPICAL PLAN VI A Seattle National Bank, Seattle Bank of Italy, Los Angeles 260 TYPICAL PLAN VI B Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., Providence 257 others. These, of course, occur only on rather large lots. In considering Plan I it is ob- vious that if it is lighted over- head, it makes no difference which side is occupied by the working space and which by the public. If, however, this plan is also lighted from one side, it is a grave consideration as to wheth- er the comparatively narrow pub- lic space should be placed on the light side or along the dead wall away from the light. In the first instance, the patrons have the best of it, and the tellers face the light. If the building is on an open space and this lighting is horizontal, it may be objection- able to have it come in the faces of the tellers, while the custom- ers, standing against a bright light, are perhaps almost unrec- ognizable in the shadow. If, how- ever, the light comes from a nar- row city street and is so poor that the tellers will work under the artificial light of reflectors set in the head of the counter screen, their position is not so important, while the public check desks placed, perhaps, one in each window, receive sufficient natural light. Between the two arrangements it seems prefer- able to favor the working force, steadily engaged during the whole day, rather than the cus- tomer who is in the bank for a time comparatively short. If there is an office building above, the question usually settles it- self, for the elevators are gen- Norwood Trust Co., Nor- ºwood, Fidelity & Columbia Tr. Co. and Citizens Union Nat. Bank, Louisville MiscellANEous PLAN Greenwich Savings Bank, New York Typical Plan VIB Mass. 294 267 º TH T, H. º * * * º: º º º - liftºfºº +++ º # ºil. - |（}º Hºllid. | - *** - º | º ºilº º º i º º º º º ! - - nºt tº º º nº º - º * ~ . . . x - º-1 ºr =-L ROOM | - pºlyArt. or F.C.E. offictRs ENTQANCE VESTIBULE erally placed at about the middle of the dark side, so that if the bank and office building have separate entrances, the bank's will be near the corner and the public space be on the light side; while if they have a single entrance vestibule in common, the public space will be on the inside. There is wide diversity of opinion among bankers as to the height of banking rooms. On pages 268 and 269 are given diagrams showing the relative areas and heights of a number of recent banking rooms that are of interest for comparison. Where the Bank Is Part of a High Building. Where ville Bank Banking Room in Louis the building is to be entirely occupied by the bank and the only access to the upper stories is secondary or only through the bank itself, the plan and design of the banking room, of course, control, and the elevators and stairs may be so placed as to give proper circulation with the least interference with the working plan and the architectural char- acter of the room. Where, how- ever, the bank is merely an inci- dent in a high building, and the importance of the rentable areas above it outweighs the desirabil- ity of the best possible banking room, it is often necessary to place the entrance, elevator lob- bies and stairs in such a way as to make the planning of the banking room considerably more difficult and even unsatis- factory. The requirements of the bank as to the first floor or as to the lower stories and the require- ments of properly planned upper floors with best access and light- ing are often inimical, and the result must be—particularly on a small lot—an adjustment of the opposed requirements. Even in such a case, however, it is of the utmost value to know first exactly what the bank should have in arrangement, no matter how severe be the restrictions .5CALE OF FEET - -- *— o s 10 20 so 4o so so zo eo * AND DN COIN AUDITOR3T -T- - p Luft [] º: • U - - • * • Tº TT - - | III] || || || | L III | PUBLIC SPACE. TELLERø º º MEN ºn . Tº ||LLEL Q. vo . CUSTOMEQ,5 | BO Okk E.E. PEP-5 DN Up PºllMS Floor Plan, Fidelity and Columbia Trust Co. and Citizens Union National Bank, Louisville D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects; York & Sawyer, Associated 268 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM wO R. K. Nc spact LoNGITUDINAL SECTION O O • *- o o pu B L 1 c s p Act O O |– I– --II H * * * * O O - - o o o o ~ `-- woºing space. 6 o o o o o o o o I MAlN FLOOR PLAN CONTINENIAL 9 COMMERCIAL BANK or CHICAGO ARciſ D H B eq9-G B & Co *: lon GITUDINAL SEction BROOKLYN TRUST CO, ARCHT Y. & S. wonkvr. 3 s p act Public spact MAlN FLOOR PLAN ( ) ſ ſ H g ! LoNGITUDINAL SECTION O O – ------------ TRANSWERSE SECTION workind s p a ce. THE NATIONAL MAIN DARK BANKL. FLOOR PLAN N.Y.C. ARCHT D. B. C Cl | | º º H * Ll | THE FIDELITY tº COLUMBIA TRUST CO D AND CITIZENS UNION tº NATIONAL |- 2. BANK - LOUISVILLE . D |o o ARCHI Dix.M.E. Bro. | Y. & S. Assoc. D |o o | t; n | ri NAAIN FLOOR PLAN . - w.s : won king spact D- O | O ºn cº o O - | - - O | public st as: º –––––––––4°4–––––– *— - | - -- ca | rºj c. O O ru c O O ºn | 1 GUARANTY TRUST CO. -N.Y.C. |MAIN FLOOR PLAN * –––H–299–––––––– –– H pu P. L. C. S. p A. C. E. - ARCHTs Yºs. WORK-1 N.G. S P A CE, of Frce Rs | co loFFicers | –46’— = MAIN FLOOR PLAN THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BoSTON ARCHT Y. º S Wo RK iN G space. I l || MAIN FLOOR PLAN RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL TRUST COMPANY DROVIDENCE, ARCHT Y. & S. LoNGITUDINAL SECTION THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON BUENOS AIRES BRANCH CHAMBERS ºthomas, ARchſ; Y.tº 5. Assoc. PLAN OF NAAIN FLOOR- wow-k- N G space, p u e Li C spac E. S CAL E DI AG RAM SH OW IN G C O M P A R AT I V E S I Z E OF BAN K I N G R O O M S - Plans and sections of banking rooms on these pages are reproduced at the same scale for comparison. It is ob- vious that a room free from columns or intermediate supports will appear higher than one which is broken up June, 1923 FORUM 269 THE A R CHITECTURAL H H - H t |- - |- LONGITUDINAL SECTION o o o working space o o ot-o o o ot-o MAIN FLOOR PLAN public space O BANK OF MONTREAL ARCHTs McK.M. & w ºl LONGITUDINAL SECTION MAIN FLOOR PLAN CHEMICAL NATIONAL BANK. N.Y.C. ARCH'Ts T. & L. ſ - LONGITUDINAL SECTION MAIN FLOOR PLAN. BOWERY SAVINGS BANKL. N.Y.C. ARCHT, McK.M. & W. g |- ſ H |- LoNG. secTION MAIN FLOOR PLAN ROCHESTER TRUST & SAFE DEPOSITGO, ARCHR Y 9 S. s L. SECTION sy Fl. PLAN * c space Sºusus sº WASHINGTON TRUST CO. wesſºr LY, R-1. ARCHI Yes. l l º | H H - LoNG SECTION M. Al N floor plan AMERICAN SECURITY & TRUST CO. WashirlGTON, D.C. -. 3. LoNG SECTION RIGGS NATIONAL BANK of WASHINGTON ARCHT Y. & S. MAIN FLOOR-101 AN ARCHT ºr & S. D L II LONGITUDINAL SECTION NATIONAL CITY BANK. N.Y.C. ARCHT, McK.M. ww. MAIN FLOOR PLAN 4. publiq space MAnn FLOOR DLAN GREENWICH SAVINGS BANK. N.Y.C. ARCHT Y. & S. LONGITUDINAL SECTION • THE BOWERY SAVINGSABANK. N.Y.C. - 42 ºp STREET BRANCH - ARCH Tº Y. & S. MAIN FLOOR PLAN SCALE DI AGRAM SHOW IN G COMPARAT IV E S. Z E of BAN KING Roo MS The importance of the third dimension, height, always so valuable to the architect, is now being recognized by the banker and the public. As these diagrams show, the newer rooms are frequently impressive in their height and airiness 270 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FOR U M Entrance to Safe Deposit Vault Columbia Trust Co., New York, York & Sawyer, Architects imposed upon the bank by the office floors above. Recreation; Medical Examination. In the larger banks, as in other institutions employing a sufficient number to justify it, considerable provision is made for the comfort and health of employes. They are given somewhere in the structure itself, or in an adjacent building, adequate quarters, a develop- ment of the old “rest rooms” for men and for women, and in connection with these handball courts, bowling alleys or perhaps a caged room space in which to play handball at noon. In the in- terests of efficiency, cafeterias are frequently pro- vided, serving at cost the employes of the bank. As it has been found more economical to conduct med- ical examinations, not only of new employes but as a matter of routine of all those employed in the bank, the older provision of an emergency room with a nurse has developed into a medical unit where periodical examinations are made, records kept, and from which nurses go out to visit em- ployes who may be ill or absent. It is now deemed economical to keep the personnel in health rather than to wait until illness requires attention involv- ing interruptions and loss of time. Women's Departments. In the last few years, pro- vision for women depositors has become increas- Interior of Safe Deposit Vault ingly important. More and more families are run on what has been called “the Irish principle.” The Ger- man, we are told, asks his wife what she needs for housekeeping allowance, gives her half that and keeps the rest. His is obviously the more important account. The Irishman hands over his pay envelope intact, allows his wife to break the seal, give him the price of a drink, and keep the rest. Nowadays she has a banking account. A trust officer said recently that he would a good deal rather have new women's accounts than men's; that a man is more easily de- tached by any other bank that offers him some slight advantage, and that he rarely expresses any interest in where his friends bank, while a woman is unhappy unless her friends use the same depository; that once her account is established she is intensely loyal and, finally, that she usually lives the longer, and when she dies there is a trust fund to handle. As she often comes to the bank in one of the 12 million cars that we are now supporting, it is desir- able to provide a separate entrance (on a street where parking is allowed) which leads directly to her department, and, if possible, also to the safe de- posit section. Her room or division of the bank is often designed particularly to please her and is fur- nished with attractive writing desks rather than Savings Bank, New York & Sawyer, Architects June, 1923 T H E A R C H IT ECT U R A L FORUM 271 with standing check desks. It is frequently served by separate tellers who may them- selves be women. It is often connected with a room where she can rest or read or meet her friends for luncheon. The re- ported conversation: “Where let's meet and lunch? Let's meet at the Ritz and lunch at Childs',” may now be: "Let's meet at the bank and lunch at the Ritz.” Commodious toilets, in connection with this space, and a maid make the thing complete and add much to a bank's popu- larity. Lighting. Where the surrounding streets are wide, the floor area not too extended, and a proper design combines the neces- sary dignity and solidity with a propor- tion of window space almost factory-like, no skylight is necessary. Where, however, streets are narrow, or the plan deeper than the side light will reach, a skylight is a val- uable adjunct, and usually the lighting of the upper floors will lead one to provide a recessed court, which will admit of a sky- light centering on the banking room below and serving its central part, remote from the windows. Such overhead light is gen- i. erally most effective if concentrated in a 1O single area, and the skylight itself should be single even if the ceiling light be- TZ 4 / A \ .N. LAUL5 QOOM I W Toll T I FuTULF I woºd ºc E. __--> º BANK wOQKING 5DACf. \ y neath it is subdivided by beams or, indeed, | OFFICE broken into a series of detached panels, rº -- - * * * since far more light is thus obtained. Main Banking Room Floor Plan Any such skylight should be placed high SCALE of fffſ o 5 to Eo-5- 40 2ND FLC-O- 2ND MEZZ 15T MEZZ Longitudinal Section Greenwich Savings Bank, New York York & Sawyer, Architects 272 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM enough above the ceiling light to provide headroom if possible, and one or more movable platforms should be installed to run across just above the ceil- ing light in order that it may be conveniently cleaned. It is hardly necessary to emphasize the im- portance of keeping the top of the construction of the ceiling light, its beams, ribs and muntins flush with the glass so as to present a plane to the clean- ers without corners or sinkages, or of using a glass which, whatever its texture on the lower side, is absolutely smooth on top. Convenient to this clean- ing space over a large ceiling light a slop closet should be provided, and there should be a number of vacuum cleaner outlets, electric or air, according to the apparatus used in the building. The skylight may be either of the usual hip or gable type, wire glazed, or consisting merely of a panel of vault lights in the roof. The ceiling light, sometimes domical in form, is usually flat, and the simpler its design the better. In color, too, a uniform tone seems to give better re- sults than the use of colors. If a warm, amber glass is used, it gives the room a glow, pulls together the tones of its various materials, and tends to give a harmonious appearance which it is impossible to secure if white glass is used. In the case of large win- dows, this amber glass is equally effective not only in warming the gray light of winter to a sunny hue, but in shutting out incongruous and disturbing sur- roundings and in tending to enclose the room and complete it as small, leaded panes do in a domestic interior. - Simplicity. In bank design one looks for simplicity, dignity and durability more perhaps than in any other class of buildings. Just as the banker himself is an important and stabilizing factor in our society, so his building should lead and rightly influence the architecture of his community. The home of a well founded and enduring institution, it is as permanent as anything that we construct. If it houses merely the bank, it must be designed in such a scale as to hold its own among the buildings, much higher, Preliminary Study for Banking and Insurance Building, Watertown, N. Y. Entrance to Buenos Aires Branch, First National Bank of Boston Chambers & Thomas, Architects; York & Sawyer, Associated which surround it. If it be a high building, its sim- plicity and dignity must command among its thronging competitors. Its style and character should be permanently acceptable, not merely re- flecting the fad of the moment, since it is built not for this year or decade, but for a long period of time. And so the banking official who determines the bank's site and its character and who selects its architect and builder, and those who carry out the bank's behests accept a heavy responsibility to their community, to our country and to those who follow us, who will try, in their turn, to do better work than has yet been done. - º º º - - - - * * - ºf ººl ºr " ºn tº º º º tº º-º-º-º: - - | º - - * ºn --~ - York & Sawyer, Architects JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 65 - - VIEW OF FRONT FACADE Type of construction, Fireproof; Exterior materials, Brick and marble; Interior materials, Plaster and marble, pine wainscot in board room; Windows, Wood; Counter screens, Marble and wrought iron; Vault and safe deposit provision, Vault for securities; Type of lighting, Direct; Heating, Vacuum steam; Mural painting and . In j. is a carved adaptation from an old print of the early Dutch sloops of New Amsterdam, such as used by Adrian Blok, who first explored the Connecticut River in 1614 O pp wate of FICEu WOp.W. || | D.O.O.M. --- - public r ſpace. ºut ------- ºft FIRST FLOOR PLAN STATE SAVINGS BANK, HARTFORD BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT : BOARD ROOM STATE SAVINGS BANK, HARTFORD BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT PUBLIC SPACE, LOOKING TO WARD ENTRANCE | : GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW VIEW OF UPPER STORIES HARTFORD-CONNECTICUT TRUST COMPANY, HARTFORD BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT HARTFORD-CONNECTICUT TRUST COMPANY HARTFORD Illustrations on Plates 67 and 68 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Limestone and brick Interior materials. Walnut; travertine Windows. Steel sash Counter screens. Wrought iron; walnut Type of lighting. Direct Heating. Steam Date º contract. November, 19 Total building cost $1,833,133.89 Cubic foot cost. 81 cts. c + c is 20 as so 33 to tº 2- º Jºca L.E of FEET | ||ll =|| || - fan Room. - X - º … t c ſ Aq r. - far E. W. E. po-ri T. DEPT º Ll ºf coupon boothſ tº conn M. I.T.T.E.E. Room º º C o LADIEur working C. FFICE.--- ſpact i: i BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN 2 U.P. L. L. C. "... [T] v Ertl built verti ºu LE FIRST FLOOR PLAN : PUBLIC SPACE DETAIL CF ENTRANCE FRONT HARTFORD-CONNECTICUT TRUST COMPANY, HARTFORD BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT JUNE, 1923 T H E A R C H IT ECT U R AL FORUM PLATE 69 SLOĢIJLIHO HV ‘SNO HIH 29 NOSINNGICI ºf ‘N “H.LEGVZITā ‘>Nvg a LVLS IVNOI LVN EIGIVOVA „LNO`Hº HO AXARIA ºuſ ſpoormuºpun 49 pooo…ºpuſn44oqoqa EION VYHLNEH JO TIVILEGI : * ------- -º-º-º-º-º: tº pººr BANKING ROOM PLAN VIEW OF BANKING ROOM Fireproof construction; Exterior material, Gray marble; Interior material, Imitation travertine; Windows, Steel casements; Counter screens, Marble; Vault and safe deposit provision, Steel-lined safe deposit and security vaults, electric protection; Separate book and trunk vaults; Type of lighting, Indirect; Heating and ventilating, Steam, gravity fresh air ducts; Date of general contract, 1919; Total building cost, Approximately $320,000; Cubic foot cost, 75 cts. NATIONAL STATE BANK, ELIZABETH, N. J. DENNISON & HIRONS, ARCHITECTS JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 71 i º l | | | º | GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW O 5 IO I5 2C 25 3O 5.5 --- SCALE OF FEET OFFICEN-y ºf ACE CONFERENCE RCOM JTORAGF. VAULT bOIDER RCDM PUBLIC [ ] [ ] [ ] SPACE MECHANICAL EOUI MENT WM-ITING working ºf ACET FIRST FLOOR PLAN ELYRIA SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY, ELYRIA, OHIO WALKER & WEEKS, ARCHITECTS Fireproof construction; Exterior, Limestone, granite; Interior materials, Marble and plaster; Windows, Wood and metal sash; Counter screens, Marble and ornamental iron; Safety deposit provision, 20-inch rectangular door to cash vault; Heating, Gravity; Lighting, Direct JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 72 SLOB LIHO HV ‘SX33^^ ºº （H3>{TVAXA OIHO “VIH KTIGH ‘ANVđVNOD LSO （IL CINV SÐNIAVS VIHĀTSH IAN OORH EDNICIN v9. The Layout and Equipment of Banks SPACE SUBDIVISION AND GENERAL EQUIPMENT FOR BANK ADMINISTRATION By E. F. ABELL Abell, Smalley & Myers, Equipment Engineers, New York T was the request in preparing this article that it I be specific as to standards applicable to the va- rious functions of a bank. It would simplify the operation itself as well as this article were this pos- sible. It is not possible, because each proposition is essentially different as to the kind of business han- dled, the type of accounts carried, and most of all, the human equation that obtains throughout the particular organization considered. Consequently, this article cannot be another of the well known “How To” series. There are certain types of buildings which may be considered primarily as machines designed to func- tion for specific purposes. All commercial and in- vestment buildings come generally within the terms of this description, and the space provided in these buildings may be divided into two general classifica- tions which are (1) rentable space, in the equipment of which the owner of the building has perhaps no direct interest, and (2) space provided specifically for the housing of an individual commercial enter- prise. Of these enterprises, banks, insurance com- panies, general offices of manufacturing and public utility corporations are typical. In the planning of buildings or sections of build- ings for such occupancy, the problems are not alone architectural but include the logical arrangement of space for departments and the complete equipment of these departments. Both the space and the equip- ment must be made ready for the transaction of business in a manner which will provide for the max- imum efficiency and the most workable co-ordina- tion of the activities of departments and of individ- ual workers. It is most satisfactory if the equipment engineer can, in co-operation with the architect, make a survey of the administrative requirements for the occupant of the contemplated structure prior to any definite decision as to the building it- self. This results in a more economical spacing of columns, stairways, elevators and other means of vertical and horizontal communication. This pre- liminary planning and approximate allocation of departments is done graphically without going into the details of each piece of furniture equipment. At this time, any arrangement that involves structural conditions can be carried out as the building pro- gresses at the minimum of cost as compared to expensive changes in steel or other construction work. For instance, certain items of furniture equip- ment may be of such weight that heavier steel in floors is required over what would ordinarily be used for the rest of the areas. In rented areas contemplated by a bank or cor- poration it is almost a necessity to make a survey of the organization to fit it to the proposed space and to make this study before negotiations are closed on leases. The preliminary study will show whether the proposed space will properly house the business. It will be the purpose of this article to consider only the commercial bank in general in order to pre- sent information which applies to any problem of bank planning. In order to determine the amount of space which shall be allotted to each department of the bank, to- gether with the equipment which should be pro- vided for this space, the first step is to provide a basis of study by making a physical and functional survey of the old quarters and present organization of the bank under consideration. This survey will serve to establish, in the form of statistics and sketches, the present administration methods and scope of the bank's business. It will show approxi- mately the relative number of square feet devoted to various departments; it will also show the num- ber of employes within these departments, and establishes at once a basis upon which to plan the new quarters to the greatest advantage. The next step is to perfect in theory the present situation, correcting all obvious defects as based on information from various department heads and employes. After this is done provision is made for the addition of space and equipment to meet future needs and to provide for the growth which naturally results. At this time a point has been reached where the amount of space needed in each department, the number and type of its personnel, and any special requirements of improved business methods and of departmental co-ordination have been determined. With this information the possibilities of the new building as indicated by the number of square feet and general dimensions of its available space can be considered. It may be that the new banking quar- ters are to consist of a basement, first floor, and sec- ond or mezzanine floor. Possibly the building is a combination bank and investment structure, with rentable space and certain space reserved on upper floors for the bookkeeping department. It is obvi- ous, therefore, that this analysis, which determines the layout of banking quarters, should be made in the early stages of planning so that close co-opera- tion with the architect may result in a layout rep- resenting the maximum of administration facilities without interfering with the architectural character of the interiors. Based upon the statistics and data provided by the original survey it will be possible to locate the various departments and sections of the bank which divide themselves into two main classes, i.e., those having contact with the public and those which are strictly working departments, such as accounting 273 274 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM and clerical, and which the public rarely sees. It is not possible to set up any standards as to the amount of public space that should be allowed as compared to the amount of working space. Here again the nature of the bank's business is the guid- ing factor. In considering comparative areas in present and contemplated buildings it is a proved fact that 1,000 square feet of a certain shape will plan out better than 1,200 square feet of another shape, but it is usually difficult to convince the average client of that fact. In determining the rela- tive locations of departments having public access the prior consideration is the comparison of public contact, locating the heaviest traffic as near the street level as possible to facilitate handling the business itself and because of its bearing on elevator traffic. There are no definite standards of sizes for de- partments, because of the variation of the business done by different banks. Some banks have a large number of small accounts and do a considerable business in small collections, involving more book- keeping and more teller space than are required in a bank which has a relatively small number of large accounts which may or may not be active. There are, however, certain basic considerations which should be borne in mind when the layout of the bank is planned. For the executives, most bankers still favor a location where all but possibly the high- est officers may be within sight of the public, but this is in a sense comparatively recent in practice. Once the officials of a bank secluded themselves in - II-I Tº dº - H *-i- I in O O O ºſ- | º ...? - ...t º Q º --- O O L-L || |O *7 O JF º Q) sº 3- º y or Frères sexes +---- - the most inaccessible places, but practically coinci- dent with the idea of publicity and because of nat- ural competition they reversed this procedure for the convenience of the public. In larger banks the routine detailed work is in charge of so-called junior officers, who are delegated to the immediate contact necessary with the respective departments and the public. This leaves the senior officers more freedom to handle the larger problems, and for that reason they can be located in more quiet surroundings. Consequently, in metropolitan areas, especially, the farther they are removed from the street the better for light, air and quiet. More and more is this being recognized. The loan and discount department, because of the nature of business transacted, should be located near an executive, or in direct contact. Even in the largest banks it is usually necessary for loans and discounts to receive the individual consideration of a higher bank official. For this reason easy contact be- tween the two points is highly desirable. The space allotted to the loan and discount department, in common with all other departments, will be deter- mined primarily on a basis of personnel and equip- ment. The tellers' division represents a distinct depart- ment with practically no inter-relationship during the day except communication with the bookkeep- ing department, which for the most part is through the medium of telephone or recording devices such as the telautograph or teletype. This communica- tion, which relates to the cash balances of clients and similar in- formation, is of such importance that in- ter-communication by telephone is not de- sirable. The telephone permits the distortion of names, initials and figures, and leaves no record at the end of the day if it becomes necessary to trace information and its source. The recording means of communica- tion provide definite records and tend to eliminate errors. It is of course de- sirable that the book- keeping department be located directly be- hind the tellers' space, but this is not of par- amount importance and often is impossi- ----- ---------- ble because of space Citizens and Manufacturers National Bank, Waterbury, Conn. All equipment arranged on one floor Henry Bacon, Architect. Abell, Smalley & Myers, Equipment Engineers limitations on the first floor. When it is not June, 1923 275 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM scalf- 5 IO 2O 3O 4°FEFT * A Downtake stalk hez. w f : E → * a tº t o H tº a n K-1 N G : o O M * I am E. M. En r * G G G º ºłº * Estºod Mº - tº-----> Av. D. To fu BOOKKEEPING DEPARTMENT ON SECOND FLOOR F. A. Downtakt. Loans & Discow.nts Łºs To. - - N @ || : w tº r HARTFORD-CONNECTICUT TRUST CO., HARTFORD Complete equipment on two floors BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT. ABELL, SMALLEY & MYERS, EQUIPMENT ENGINEERS Y in T shaft w in 3 Hart | | || | | | || -- - - | | | | | | I] | Hº | | | | | | | | || twº LDI n gºvts.: 276 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM possible to place these departments together it makes little difference how far apart they are lo- cated. They might be, and sometimes are, in sepa- rate buildings. The tellers' space, as a matter of fair- ness to the individual tellers and protection for the bank, should invariably be divided into individual cages. The practice of placing several tellers within the same cage makes it impossible to fix the indi- vidual responsibility in the handling of money and harder to trace errors or differences. The space allotted for the individual teller should be never less than 5 feet square and preferably not much more than 6 feet square. This allows sufficient room for his work, but places every part of the cage within arm's reach so that unnecessary steps and waste of time are eliminated. If a space of less than 5 feet is used it is not possible to provide sufficient drawer space and still keep the free area in front of the wicket, which is desirable. A question of interest from the public viewpoint is developed in considering the merits of the com- bined tellers' window (receiving and paying) as op- posed to the separate tellers' departments for this purpose. From the viewpoint of the public it is quite obvious that the combination of receiving and pay- ing through the same window is much more satis- factory. In some large banks combination paying and receiving departments include an alphabetical separation of tellers' windows. This means that the client who goes into the bank for a transaction which includes the deposit and withdrawing of money must wait in line if he is unfortunate in find- ing his lettered window busy, as he cannot take ad- vantage of another which might be entirely free. Yet an analysis of the time consumed for a transac- tion on a busy day shows that the separated system of tellers will consume from one-half to two-thirds more time on the part of the client than under the combination system where he transacts all his busi- ness at one time and with one teller. In addition to this there is the fact that the teller operating under the combination system has a better knowledge of the client and his account, with a fair impression of the size of the balance carried, and in this way it is possible many times to save communication with the bookkeeping department as to the validity of checks. The bookkeeping department, where the clerical and auditing forces are maintained, is a section which is not open to the public view. It is advisable that this department should be laid out as one large workshop, without subdivisions in the way of par- titions except occasionally where it is desirable to segregate the corporate books of the bank. In laying out this department there should be no physical barriers against expansion of its various divisions. There are no particular standards of equipment for the various divisions of the bookkeeping space. Wherever possible stock size files and other equip- ment are purchased to allow an easy and harmo- nious development as expansion takes place. Where it is necessary to subdivide the banking space by the use of partitions the primary require- ment is that these shall be thoroughly soundproof. Recent developments in the acoustical treatment of walls and ceilings have been most successful in their application and should receive serious consideration for certain areas, such as stenographic, addresso- graph and similar spaces where machines are in- stalled. Floor coverings require careful thought and must be resilient and easy to clean. The size and arrangement of vault and storage space in a bank cannot well be standardized, be- cause here again this depends upon the relative vol- ume of specie, currency, securities and other valua- bles to be stored and handled through the vault; also upon the relative amount of space to be given over to safe deposit boxes. In order to determine the approximate size of a safe deposit vault, a basis may be arrived at by these figures: 250 safe deposit boxes of the usual varying sizes will require 4 feet in width, 2 feet, 2 inches in depth, and 8 feet in height. Given the required number of boxes it is intended to install, or better, the ultimate capacity of the safe deposit vault, it is a simple matter to determine what the approximate dimensions will be. To this must be added the necessary capacity for the bank cash and securities, either accessible from the same entrance doors and behind a grille parti- tion or, as in some instances where required by banking regulations, by an additional door. From the economical point of view there is no reason why the same exterior wall should not enclose both safe deposit and bank sections. Endeavor should always be made to locate the bank vault in the basement. The old insistence upon an impressive looking vault door in sight of depositors has been given up. The opinion is that a vault located on the first or bank- ing floor sooner or later becomes a serious obstruc- tion to the expansion of activities, and it is expensive to move. Illustrations are shown with this article indicat- ing the finished layout and equipment plan for two types of banks, one in which the entire banking quarters are laid out on one floor, and the other where the bookkeeping department is segregated on the second floor. These plans indicate the alloca- tion of departments and their logical contact with the public and each other. There are, of course, many other details which enter into the consideration of the various problems of layout and equipment. The most interesting, per- haps, is the unconscious absorption of the adminis- tration of the particular business being studied. A knowledge of this has an all-important bearing on the completed work as a whole, and it is given to no other branch of engineering to establish the same intimate contact with all the various details of rou- tine and administration. The beginning and the end of this phase of the work is applied common sense, taking into consid- eration all possible details of the past experience of the individual bank itself, as well as applying the experience gained with banks of a similar character. The Architect and the Banker By ALEXANDER. B. TROWBRIDGE Consulting Architect to the Federal Reserve Board the architectural profession in an effort to find out why some operations are more successful in every way than others out of the same office. The drafting force is the same, the office methods do not change materially, except over long periods, and the specifications follow one another in conformity to well tried out paragraphs and lists. There must be something else to explain why one operation will be fairly free from extras and others pretty well loaded down with additional items which, from the clients' standpoint, ought to have been thought of in the beginning. Why is it that one piece of work will show painstaking care in little things, the craftsman's touch perhaps, throughout the finish, while in an- other example everything looks as if it had been pushed through a quantity production mill? It is not sufficient to credit the good work to good con- tractors and the poor work to poor builders. They all have access to the same subcontractors, and we all know that modern building is largely a matter of assembling the subs and planning for their co-ordi- nation. If the leaders of the profession were asked to an- swer this question they would undoubtedly say that the excellence of the results is usually to be attrib- uted to the co-operation they have received from their clients. Sometimes they have no co-operation, and not infrequently they have active opposition and adverse criticism. Under such a handicap it is almost impossible to produce good work. Many an owner, and this applies especially to bankers, is too busy to devote adequate time to a consideration of details in plans and specifications prior to the mak- ing of working drawings and details. He engages good architects and is disposed to hold them respon- sible. He believes quite sincerely that he has no fixed ideas, and that whatever his architects recommend will doubtless be satisfactory. It often happens, however, that he wakes up to the realization that he has ideas, but only after the architects have spent many days and many dollars designing and detail- ing. To require the architects to scrap what they have done and redesign the work to conform to these latent “ideas” of the owner may, at times, be tech- nically proper. There may be no real or intentional violation of the contract between owner and archi- tect, but it is undoubtedly unwise—it may be even called bad business—to so deal with the architect as to make him feel that he has not had fair treatment. An architect is a peculiar mixture of artist and business man. Sometimes the artist in him is so strong that he cannot do his best work unless he is keyed up by the kindly and sympathetic interest of his client. The architect's drafting room is occupied by other men who are peculiar mixtures. In some I would be illuminating to canvass the leaders of cases they are 90 per cent artists and 10 per cent business men. To get good work out of them the members of the firm must exercise tact, must show cordial appreciation of their efforts, and must in every possible way keep alive the enthusiasm of the employe for his work. Perhaps it seldom or never occurs to an owner that intelligent co-operation pays in dollars and cents. Of course it is difficult for the owner who is entering upon a building project for the first time to furnish the kind of co-operation which he might like to offer. In such an instance it is clearly the duty of the architect to point out to the client the way in which he can help, and I’ll ad- mit that this isn't as easy as it sounds. Perhaps this little article can be put to a practical use if it helps an architect to present his case to a new, untried client. - Architects’ Methods of Payment In the first place, the prevailing methods of pay- ments to architects are far from satisfactory. This is not in the least degree the fault of clients. The archi- tects are responsible for devising an unwieldy plan which, if applied to all problems alike, results in overcharging, in many cases, for preliminary sketches. Here is the usual schedule of payments: “Upon completion of the preliminary studies, one-fifth of the entire fee; upon completion of specifications and general working drawings (exclusive of details), two-fifths additional; the remainder being due from time to time, in proportion to the amount of service rendered.” The lapse between the payment for pre- liminary studies and that for specifications and working drawings may become painful if the owner is the kind who takes plenty of time in making up his mind. There is no provision for paying for scale and full size details if they should happen to be com- pleted before the building contractor has progressed very far with construction. Why? Because archi- tects have established, as a precedent, the custom of billing their clients in proportion to money paid to the contractor on presentation of the architect’s certificate. It would be better from every point of view if the architect could be encouraged to produce details long before the contractor may need them. Thus one element of delay, which occurs in building projects, would be eliminated. In a recent operation of considerable importance, the fee applying to preliminary studies was paid in monthly installments. When working drawings were started, a plan was adopted of paying the architect what was due him as fast as he completed any par- ticular portion of his work. The general building contract was on the cost-plus-fixed-fee plan, which permitted the architect to keep on with his working plans after the foundations were under way. One- 277 278 June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM fifth of the estimated full fee was paid in monthly installments during the preparation of preliminary studies. Foundation plans were prepared in the office of a consulting engineer, who was through with his work and ready to take proposals for foundations before the architect had advanced 25 per cent with his general working drawings. At this stage of the performance, the architect was allowed a payment equal to two-fifths of his full percentage fee as ap- plied to foundations, the cost being taken from an itemized budget prepared by the general contractor at the beginning of operations. The steel framing drawings were ready long before the general work- ing plans were completed. The architect was allowed two-fifths of his full percentage fee as applied to structural steel, without waiting for bids. In both cases the architect owed money to engineering spe- cialists which, through this plan, he could pay promptly. It turned out that as the original budget for foundations was short of the final figure of cost, the architect was somewhat underpaid. On the other hand, the budget for structural steel was higher than the final contract price, so in this case the architect was overpaid. Later, when he presented bills for payments due on other important sections of the work, the fees for foundations and steel work were properly adjusted. The basic reason for the adoption of this plan arose from the knowledge that the old fashioned method of waiting until working plans were finished before reimbursement was due would not be a fair and equitable method, particularly when construc- tion was to be started while working drawings were under way. Some plan providing for payments from time to time had to be devised, and that described seems to have been a step in the right direction. In the plan under discussion, the system was carried far enough to include payments as scale and full size details and specifications were completed for separate sections of the work. One-fifth of the full rate was made applicable to this part of the work. There was thus left only one more fifth to be paid. This, applying more directly to supervision, was therefore logically related to money actually spent on the construction as evidenced by certificates issued to the general contractor. Payment of this remaining one-fifth was the only part of the plan which followed the stereotyped procedure of the profession, which is still in use by many architects. The new system takes care of the architect in case building strikes put a stop to actual construction at a time when, for one reason or another, the owner is anxious to have the architect carry to completion his scale and full size details. This whole plan is par- ticularly advantageous during a period of high prices when work is delayed until a falling market is reached. While this may sound at first reading like a plan designed to safeguard the architect and his organization, it has a subtle value to the owner which may not be at once recognized by the average reader. When an architect of high professional ideals, like the man connected with the operation just described, is in this manner kept supplied with the funds required to run his organization, he re- sponds by supplying the best and most complete de- tailed drawings which can be made. These drawings are a very real element in the securing of low bids. It is clear that a thoughtful arrangement of progress payments will bring returns in the form of improved service, and that this improved service will result in close estimating on the part of bidders. Justification for Higher Charges Sometimes owners are confused and troubled by learning that the American Institute of Architects has issued a schedule of charges to its members with the statement that these charges are fair and proper for certain classes of work, and that the best inter- ests of the profession are conserved if the members do not charge less than these rates. Many otherwise intelligent business men have made the mistake of referring to the Institute as a kind of union because of this schedule. They utterly fail to understand the professional viewpoint. May I attempt, in a few words, to set them right? Experience has shown that good work cannot be done today for the rates which were commonly charged 30 or 40 years ago. As the art of architecture has grown in this country, the drawings required for construction have trebled or quadrupled in number and quality. What was satis- factory as a set of working plans and details prior to 1890 would not today be acceptable in any first class office. Good draftsmen are very much more numer- ous, and their salaries have greatly increased. At various gatherings of the Institute the members have compared notes, discussing with frankness their costs and their profits, and it was decreed some time ago that the old rate of 5 per cent was too low for decent work and that the members of the Institute should stand together in a plan to secure a better fee in order that the better grade of work, to which the public had become accustomed, could be continued. In no sense is this mandatory. Public opinion in the Institute is strongly against any price competition among architects. If price competition among architects is permitted to gain a foothold, the high artistic standards of the profession are bound to disappear. Competition on quality of work and on service is welcomed by the Institute. The rates established by the Institute are therefore ad- visory minimum rates, and any man whose work to the public is worth more than the minimum rate is encouraged by the profession to seek higher fees. This is a very different thing from price competition. It is quality competition carried so far as to ask the public to pay an extra price for superior quality. An owner would never make the mistake of saying that one lawyer is about as good as another, or that all doctors ought to charge the same fees. Yet these same owners are frequently disposed to regard archi- tectural service as a commodity, and to bargain for it. The answer to all this is that a man will generally get his money's worth, and if he wishes to engage a cheap architect he will get a cheap result. If he June, 1923 279 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM wishes to utilize the skill and experience of a dis- tinguished architect, he ought not to express any surprise at learning that he will have to pay more for that skill and experience. Contract to Define Specialists' Fields One very important item which owners and archi- tects alike need to keep in mind is the necessity of a clear understanding as to the terms of the contract. The percentage system of determining fees is still very generally in use, although here and there are found architects who prefer the cost-plus-flat-fee system. If a contract stipulates that the architect shall be paid a percentage of the cost of the finished building, including all built-in material, but exclud- ing all movable furniture and equipment, it may sound clear and simple, but it will still be a subject for further interpretation, and it will probably cause trouble. The best way in the case of a bank problem is to decide what sections of the work would come under the care of an equipment specialist and then to list these items in the contract between architect and owner. This can be done long before the neces- sity arises of deciding whether an equipment spe- cialist is to be engaged. If he is employed, then the contract clearly defines his duties and all negotia- tions are simplified. If he is not to be engaged and the owner intends to do a part of this work with no expert help, giving the architect the remainder of the work to do, the list in the contract makes this arrangement simple to carry out. I believe an equip- ment specialist is a necessity in work of any size or importance. For the sake of harmony, it is best to require that he shall work under the direction of the architect. A great deal of consultation is required between the specialist and the architect, and one of the rather important considerations is to see that the specialist receives his customary fee (usually 10 per cent of the cost of the items installed) and that the architect is reimbursed for his trouble in consulta- tion. Possibly the most satisfactory way is to agree to pay the architect for the actual cost of such con- ferences, as shown on payroll time cards, plus a proper amount to cover overhead costs. The idea would be to avoid giving profit to both architect and equipment specialist, but to see that the archi- tect is at least reimbursed for his actual costs. This list has been compiled as a result of experi- ence, and is offered here as a workable basis for de- termining the scope of the activities of the equip- ment specialist. His work shall include: 1. All miscellaneous furniture, such as desks, tables, chairs, portable bookcases, files, lockers, etc. 2. Silver, china and all cafeteria equipment, ex- clusive of what architects call “kitchen equip- ment.” 3. Counter work back of bank screens and in all Cages. 4. All cage work (excepting principal counter screen or bank screen). 5. All floor coverings in “working spaces.” This re- fers to spaces occupied by operating clerks, ste- nographers, bookkeepers, auditors, etc. Public spaces and rooms requiring special design are not included. 6. Lighting fixtures on desks, counters, screens and in cages. 7. Vault equipment. Architect and Consulting Engineer The relation between architect and consulting engineer is a subject deserving a chapter all to itself. Some engineers will agree to do their work for a percentage of the cost. Probably all engineers would much prefer a cost-plus-fee method, simply because the percentage plan works greatly to their disadvantage whenever contracts are let during a falling market. If rental of office space and drafts- men's salaries were reduced in proportion to the re- duction in contracts brought about by a falling mar- ket or by active competition among contractors, the engineer might come out of the experience with a fair profit. But they are not, and there's the rub. I believe emphatically that the percentage system is illogical and ought to be abolished. Why should an engineer or an architect be penalized for devoting himself enthusiastically (?) to the task of reducing his client's costs? Under the percentage system the architect of high ideals, who takes seriously the pro- fessional viewpoint that the client's interests shall be the architect's first thought, is punished for main- taining such an attitude. The less scrupulous archi- tect says, “My client has plenty of money—I should worry.” • The architect is the logical directing head of any building operation, but the consulting engineer is becoming more and more a necessity in any project of importance. There are many loose ends in the business agreements which are arranged between owner, architect and engineer, and much good could be accomplished if a simple, workable plan could be devised to fit all cases. Because owners do not think alike it appears to be well nigh impossible to devise one form of fee agreement to fit all cases. The diffi- culty seems to be due to the reluctance on the part of some owners to accept a cost-plus-fee system or a multiple of the drafting cost–say three times the drafting, one-third of the total to represent over- head and one-third profit. The cautious business man sees, or thinks he sees, a chance for the engi- neer to engage the highest priced draftsmen and to be indifferent if the drafting costs pile up. What was said previously in advocacy of the cost-plus-fee sys- tem for architects is particularly applicable here to engineers. If a bank committee could make prompt decisions it could save money in drafting. The trouble is caused by changes with no satisfactory plan for reimbursing the engineer for extra drafting which is brought about through no fault of his. It seems to me that the cost-plus-fee system for en- gineers is the only workable scheme worth consider- ing. If an owner is afraid the engineer will take ad- vantage of him, then the entire operation is going to suffer, for the owner will suspect his architect, his 280 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM contractor, his equipment specialist, and finally his associates. Let us consider, however, the case where the owner refuses all methods of reimbursement except the percentage method. The engineer, not wishing to lose the work, finally agrees to accept it for, let us say, 5 per cent of the cost of all items com- ing under his jurisdiction. He figures he can come out with a fair profit if the prevailing high prices do not drop. If a falling market occurs, he is gone. That’s a very brief story, but no more need be said to point out the illogical feature of the system. Any method which makes an engineer or an architect regard, with poorly disguised satisfaction, a set of high figures and to look with dismay upon a set of low estimates is ridiculous and ought not be toler- ated by business men. Reference was just made to the advantage to the owner, from every point of view, of prompt deci- sions and a sportsmanlike determination to stand by them. Backing and filling only make trouble and in- crease the cost to someone. The important thing to stress is that the owner has a perfect right to take time for his decisions and to change his mind fre- quently, but he ought to pay for that privilege. The cost-plus-fee system enables him to change his mind and to ask for new drawings and revised specifica- tions without anyone but himself being made to suffer. On the other hand, if he happens to agree with me on the subject of prompt decisions, he will save money, because the work will be prosecuted with the minimum amount of drafting. Architect and Economic Phase of Building Another weak point in the relations between ar- chitect and client lies in the assumption, frequently taken by a client, that the architect need not enter into the economic aspects of a project. It seems to me that this is a fundamentally wrong notion. An architect ought to be engaged before the land is pur- chased. He should be invited to interest himself in the real estate question as if he were the owner's partner. Furthermore, he should be asked to demon- strate with sketch plans the comparative merits of several available plots. What is the usual procedure? It is to take the advice of a real estate broker, a man whose interest in the subject is primarily to make a sale. He is not equipped to prepare sketches for the purpose of analyzing plots. His knowledge of values, of contracts, of leases and of trade or business migra- tions is of great importance, but a purchase should not be consummated until the services of an archi- tect have proved whether or not a plot will lay out satisfactorily. Very frequently a venture is unsuc- cessful because the shape and dimensions of the lot are not suited to an economical distribution of space. Perhaps the proportion of public space, service space, etc., to rentable space is much too large for a good return on the investment. It all too frequently happens that an owner will buy his land first and find out afterward whether he has acted wisely or not. The architect should be instructed in all the economic details of the project. He must know the class of tenants expected for the building, the aver- age rentals paid in the immediate neighborhood, the quality of service supplied for this average rental price, the plan of financing, the plan of amortizing the original expenditure at the end of a term of years, the tax rates on land and building, the probable in- surance cost, the estimates for costs of operating, maintenance, repairs, carrying charges, etc., and of course the probable cost of the building. A great deal of this information can be secured without go- ing beyond preliminary sketches. In fact, it would be unwise to proceed with working plans until a state- ment of net return had been calculated. Whether all this work can be done before purchasing the land, is a question. Whenever such preliminary in- vestigation is possible, it is quite obvious that it would be wise to proceed in that way. If a quick de- cision on purchase is forced on the owner, then this special study would be valuable after purchase, in order to determine the type and size of building which would make the wisest investment. In the case of a banking institution which has plenty of money set aside as surplus, upon which to draw for building construction, some of this inten- sive preliminary study might not be necessary, par- ticularly if the bank prefers to erect a building for its own occupancy with no plan for renting space to the public and no problem of net return on the investment. It very frequently happens, however, that plans are rushed out in a hurry without a care- ful consideration of the growth of the bank’s busi- ness and the probable future increase in the size of the banking organization. Ask any architect who has had experience in designing banks, and he will tell you that adequate provision for the future is rarely made, and that vaults are almost always too small. Lack of space prevents a satisfactory reference to the subject of vault construction. In this period of building costs which are almost prohibitory, it is encouraging to know that a new light has been shed on this subject which heretofore has been looked upon as a mystery. It is now possible to construct the walls, roof and floor of a vault at a very sub- stantial reduction from former prices, with first class protection. In this new system of construction the protection per dollar of cost is much greater than with any type of construction of which I know. It is hoped and expected that similar improvements in door construction may be brought about in the near future. This substantial saving in the cost of vault construction will enable many banks to build larger vaults, thereby making satisfactory provision for future growth in that particular department. JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 73 SLOBJLIHO HV ‘dđITIHd º LSITHg "SIA ‘NVĐÃOgGHS "XNVg TVNOIJLVN XJLTHODHS ^^ºi^ （OITHE…Lxº. Tvºriº：Nºº)NVTd （HOOTI： „LNE WN3. Svº woont nawtonsrael noonă a bwrw o 1 g woord ！root Snawom laetiol Sni wom O 1O. ：11. nºv ：æoot snawto1 nºva ！T woont Twoowoont ： q n tognooni nºvae NVTd （HOOT， JLS （Ish I， a no at w：S ---- cº dº ci o c o woon rowds ottama woo！bn ： n + g woont snawowa xºgo，- iDniſtinti txita a dlaeo stolºgiq singgisrael SECURITY NATIONAL BANK SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Illustrations on Plates 73 and 74 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Stone and brick Interior materials. Stone, marble and tile Windows. Metal sash on two sides; wood frames on street fronts Counter screens. Bronze and bullet- proof glass Vault and safe deposit provision. In basement; elevator to cash vault Special departments provided for boºds, steamship tickets and savings Type of lighting. Direct Heating and ventilating. Low pressure steam; washed air fan ventilation Date of general contract. July, 1921 Total building cost. $682,000 Cubic foot cost. 654 cts. *— º º – * ALE or ---- ºvate piºns ooº- - - -- - * * * Duning roº SEVENTH FLOOR PLAN - * * * JUNE, 1923 T H E A R C H ITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 74 - - ---→–é–4– - tº-w SCALE OF FEET - - MAIM HALL + - - - - - º # Iolº I ºn -- - womers!! - - - - 5 ºn 5 T-AFFIC s — . . toilet BILLIARD Room. Room Lounging |- - - - *= --a--- - *----- THIRD FLOOR PLAN SIXTH FLOOR PLAN , SECURITY NATIONAL BANK, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. BRUST & PHILIPP, ARCHITECTs : RIGGS NATIONAL BANK, WASHINGTON GEORGE N. RAY, ARCHITECT BANKING ROOM 14TH & PARK ROAD OFFICE - S 14" & PAR Road offic. VIEW OF ENTRANCE ATIONAL BAN THE RIGGS NATIONAL BANK 14th & PARK ROAD OFFICE WASHINGTON Illustration on Plate 75 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Limestone and granite Interior materials. Marble, bronze and scagliola Windows. Steel casements Counter screens. Marble and bronze Vault and safe deposit provision. Cash and safe deposit vaults Type of lighting. Direct Heating. Vapor heat --ALE or FEET Q = 10 20 C. C. R. Q. I Do n TATElsav. ENTING's - notºcºcººns sº o F. FICE FIRST FLOOR PLAN - SECOND FLOOR PLAN *o JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FOR UMPLATE 76 - º - ！ |× .|× ∞ ENTRANCE DETAIL №. №ſ （ ， ! *| gº, ） ſ!！! !! ！！！ * FIRST NATIONAL BANK, WICHITA, KAS. GENERAL EXTERIOR view RICHARDS, McCARTHY & BULFORD, ARCHITECTS FIRST NATIONAL BANK WICHITA, KAS. Illustrations on Plates 76 and 77 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Granite, limestone, brick and terra cotta Interior materials. Marble Windows. Cast iron, bronze finish; wood sash for upper floors Counter screens. Bronze Vault and safe deposit provision. Money vault on main floor; safe deposit and storage vaults in base- ment Type of lighting. Semi-indirect Heating and ventilating. Vapor steam; oil fuel; forced ventilation Date of general contract. May, 192 Total building cost, $1,482,368 Cubic foot cost. 96 cts. FUEL ROOM. M-ACH NE ºr OOM. ſ To R.A.G.E. bol L E L T OOM. P-Oo V. A U L Tur - - - WOMENJ LOCK-E D-Jº ******** Hººvºº D = D.A. R-T M. ENT --- ConFED- Enc E JAFE DE poſſ T WAULT NFE ENC. E. COUPON P, OOTH_ſ BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN PAN V ING OFFICE p_ſ J. PACE P-o-on- R. En TAL - PACE - R. En T.A. L. | J. PACE i o 5 ſo tº 20 25 3o 35 4o 45 50 35 ſ'CALE OF FEET FIRST FLOOR PLAN JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 77 - º GENERAL VIEW OF BANKING ROOM PUBLIC SPACE, LOOKING TOWARD ENTRANCE FIRST NATIONAL BANK, WICHITA, KAS. RICHARDS, McCARTHY & BULFORD, ARCHITECTS JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 78 BONV（H）LNEH BIO TIV. LEHCI LOB LIHO HV ‘ĀLONIWTV ‘H HđTOGINVYE >{8OX ARN ‘>{NV9 SÐNIAVS （HOISTGHOXE （HOOTH JLS`IIH 1T ， ！[×]| ！ ----L. 00:07 ■ -. JEATIVEJHL || || Pº I Dº I – º – º ！ Ovº ſ ĐNI， OM ！！！！!！!！！：Idae （OO） *OOgael HD LNH ſºnº Svº sae， （Og mo p ！ Inae noon， * r ）: - - - - ^^， ^■^^ ax^3. IA THOITHE.LX£I TV （HEINE 5D EXCELSIOR SAVINGS BANK 221 WEST 57th STREET, NEW YORK Illustration on Plate 78 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Limestone with granite base Interior materials. Imitation stone and marble Windows. Steel Counter screens. Bronze, marble and glass Type of lighting. Direct and indirect Heating and ventilating. Vacuum sys- tem, indirect, for the bank with º draft suction and exhaust an Date of general contract. October, 1921 Total building cost. Approximately $400,000 - Cubic foot cost, 55 cts, SECOND FLOOR PLAN pºliº loom ºl-tº-toº--> "[H] - - - ºloow, MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN Economic Considerations in Bank Planning By C. STANLEY TAYLOR stances, that the vision of the skilled bank architect in creating a building to house the business of a bank is more accurate and comprehen- sive than that of the bank officials and directors. This condition applies not alone to the development of structural efficiency of purpose but to the an- ticipation of growth or decrease of the bank's business. Significant – almost startling – is the fact that fully 70 per cent of the bank buildings constructed in the United States since 1912 have proved definitely inadequate and inefficient of pur- pose. This condition may be partially due to the unexpected increase in the volume of banking busi- ness in this country, but primarily it is due to past shortsightedness on the part of bank officials who sometimes fail to develop, in relation to their own business, that quality which is recognized and financed in others - business imagination. Two decades ago American banks were function- ing in a limited manner compared with their part in the intricate financial structure which today con- stitutes the nerve system and center of the business world. At that time new bank buildings involved comparatively simple problems of design and con- struction. Unfortunately, the vast ramifications and growth of the banking business have not been met by bankers with a concurrent realization of the increased complexity of the modern bank's housing problem. Where this has been done the credit is primarily due to the vision of an architect. Where there has been failure it is usually chargeable to the myopic perspective of the banker, often against the architect's advice. Bank or Office Building? The location of a new bank building is determined primarily by the requirements of its clientele, pres- ent and prospective, rather than influenced by in- vestment factors such as land values. The bank must be located in a given business center, which by its very nature usually involves high land valua- tions. In many instances, therefore, the first problem which must be met is a decision as to whether the building shall be wholly devoted to purposes of the bank's business or planned to carry a varying pro- portion of rentable space. Is it to be primarily a bank structure or a bank and office building com- bined? In this decision these different factors are involved: I' is an interesting fact, proved by many in- (a) Land cost and potential increment, which determine value of realty investment. (b) Practicability of design as influenced by dimensions of the building site. (c) Market value and demand for rentable space in the selected locality. (d) Possibility of grouping in the bank building tenants who will constitute or attract desirable clients and depositors for the bank. - (e) Provision of elasticity of space to care for expansion or contraction of the bank's business. (f) Impression to be made upon the general pub- lic by size and character of the building. It may be expected, as a general rule, that where land values are low —probably under $200 per front foot—the obvious procedure is to construct a building for banking purposes alone. In the con- gested business areas of larger cities, however, where land values are high, there is involved the economic problem of the relationship of land value and build- ing cost. Here we might arrive at the obvious con- clusion that if the land value is high it is necessary to construct a building having sufficient rentable space to assist materially in carrying overhead cost and ultimately amortizing the added investment necessary to meet this economic demand of high land costs. A more careful consideration of this question demonstrates the peculiar individuality of each bank building project and the importance of other factors indicated herewith. As this article is being written two large bank structures are being erected in the central business district of New York where land values are unusu- ally high. One of these buildings contains approxi- mately ten stories of rentable commercial space, while the other is being erected without any renta- ble space. The reason for this difference involves primarily the practicability of lot sizes. One of the buildings is being constructed on a lot of ample size and dimensions to allow the proper type of bank- ing rooms, together with the necessary public ap- proach and elevators for the office building section of this structure. In considering the plans for the other building, it was found that the lot was of such dimensions that the necessary allowance of from 16 to 20 feet in width for the public entrance hall and public elevators would so limit the size of the main banking rooms as to detract from their pur- pose and efficiency. It was decided, therefore, that in spite of high land cost, it was necessary to adhere strictly to the original purpose of the building as a bank, particularly when it was found on careful investigation that the value of rentable space which might be provided was not great enough to justify interference with the requirements of the bank. This brings out the important fact that the original purpose of the building as a permanent home for a bank should never be forgotten, and that its require- ments should come before all others. It is fairly obvious (but not always practiced) that before making the final decision to invest in a large building containing rentable space a careful appraisal should be made by experts as to the exist- ing rental value and the demand for the space which 281 282 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM is to be offered in a particular locality. A study should also be made by these experts in building management covering maintenance costs and other factors entering into an investment of this nature. It is highly desirable, but again not always done, that such an investment be placed on a paying basis. Some bankers have found it wise to require only that this added space shall pay a fair propor- tion of the overhead charge. In cases of this type it is assumed that the prestige benefit of a larger build- ing and the collective tenancy advantages will offset or pay interest on the investment. Providing for a Bank's Enlargement A valuable consideration is that the provision of rentable floors above the banking room allows one to provide for the future expansion requirements of the bank's own business. This is one practical solution of the problem of elasticity (which is dis- cussed in detail in later paragraphs) and provides a means by which additional space for future require- ments will carry its own overhead cost until such time as the growth of the bank's business may war- rant the taking over of additional space. In the planning of a building of this type it is highly important that careful consideration be given to the arrangement of elevators and service features so that additional portions of the building may be taken over for use by the bank without al- terations or inconvenience in interior arrangement. Here we may define a basic rule which should apply to every new bank building, and incidentally call attention to the fact that this rule is transgressed more often in the development of new banking quarters than any other principle of bank planning. The history of bank buildings has proved that under the changed economic conditions of the last few years bankers have been too conservative in esti- mating or admitting the possibility of growth in their own business. We realize that the next few years may not show the amazing growth and ex- pansion of the banking business which characterized the war and post-war periods. In fact, some of the larger banks are finding it possible to reduce space requirements by increased efficiency. The normal growth of the banking business in America averages 6 per cent annually. Aggressive institutions, operat- ing on well defined policies of expansion, will enjoy a larger proportion of this average increase. The advice here given on elasticity of plan principally anticipates growth, but it must be remembered that the elastic plan will make it easy to turn waste area into paying space if the bank's space require- ments decrease. It is advisable, therefore, that in planning the new bank all floors and communications should be laid out so that departments may be extended, shifted or curtailed. Elevators should be arranged so that they may ultimately serve either the public or the bank's private uses. The natural attitude of the average banker is that with the knowledge he has of his own business he is quite capable of indicating the interior layout and the inter-relationship of all departments. A seemingly paradoxical statement, but one which is borne out by examination, is that the skilled bank architect knows more about laying out the bank than does the banker himself. The reason for this is simple and logical. The banker is too close to his own business to have profited by the mistakes of others or to have examined extensively the successful factors which have contributed to sound planning of other institutions. Planning is the archi- tect's business, just as financing is the banker's business. Industry and commerce seek the banker's advice and follow his counsel in the solution of financial problems. Similarly, the wise banker will seek and follow the advice of experienced bank architects in the development of buildings. Bankers generally have realized the value of a bank building so designed that it will impress upon the public mind a sense of stability and safeguard- ianship of the money and business interests of clients and depositors. This point needs little stressing as it has been the experience of practically every bank that, following the construction of impressive banking quarters, a definite growth in business has resulted. There are one or two points which may be made in this connection, however. In the small town or city it is quite possible to lay too much emphasis on impression value and to build a type of building which is entirely out of scale with the town. It is an excellent idea to anticipate the growth of any community by setting the pace with the proper type of bank building, in fact in some instances a definite portion of industrial and community growth may be traced to the farsightedness of bankers not only in their attitude toward the financing of new local ventures but in the demonstration of faith in the future of a community as expressed through the design of banking quarters. One point in regard to impression value may be noted in connection with buildings which are to contain large areas of rentable space as well as banking quarters. It is important that in the design of this building the importance of the banking quarters be strongly emphasized, so that the bank will not have merely the appearance of a tenant in a rented portion of the building. This cannot be gained through the name of the building alone but must be definitely expressed in its design. In closing, we wish again to stress the important factor of elasticity. Hundreds of banks within the last few years have found it necessary to purchase additional land, at three or four times the cost of a few years previous, or to extend through alterations into adjoining buildings to meet an overcrowded and inefficient condition in their business quarters because of a lack of foresight at the time of build- ing new quarters only a few years before. Many instances of inconvenience, expense and business curtailment might be cited because of disregard of some of the points brought out here. It is to be hoped that bankers will learn within the near future to ap- proach the problem of erecting new buildings from an open minded and comprehensive viewpoint. The Design of Bank Screens and Furniture By CHARLES A. HOLMES, of Holmes & Winslow, Architects, New York most always of much simpler design than of a few years ago. Ten or 15 years earlier even the best architects seemed to think that more bronze in a screen increased its beauty. Perhaps one reason for designing the cumbersome looking screens of that period was to carry the idea of substantial pro- tection for the bank's cash behind the screen. At that time also it was the custom, in almost general use, to have the entire space between the counter and the cornice filled with a bronze grille. Screens of that period more resembled those of a jail than those in an inviting place for the public. Then, too, it seemed the vogue to place lights along the tops of the screens which perhaps did add something to the general lighting of the rooms, but these lights did not add particularly to the light thrown upon the face of the man in the public space so as to be read- ily seen by the teller, which is more the aim of the present-day lighting schemes. The designer is restricted somewhat by the fact that the spacing of the pilasters in every case is somewhat a settled question, owing to the length of the practical cage. The height of a banking screen should be, in the writer's judgment, not under 7 feet, 3 inches nor over 7 feet, 6 inches—not under 7 feet, 3 inches because of the fact that almost every screen has one or more doors, and it will be found that with a well proportioned cornice it will just about allow for a proper door height; and not over 7 feet, 6 inches for the reason that this height an- swers every utilitarian purpose and still is the proper proportionate height for any banking room. There are illustrated here several general types of banking screens, and all of them are of types either susceptible of simplification or further enrichment. They are all practical, and are screens that have been built and are giving service in present-day banks. The reader will note that every screen has a ledge on the public space side. This is very essential and has another reason for existence than use as an elbow resting place, namely a space to write upon while standing in line to be waited upon by the teller. In most instances it is made 5 or 6 inches wide, but in some savings institutions it is made 8 or 9 inches in width, although 7 or 8 inches is amply sufficient. A wood screen needs no masonry backing. Masonry, which may be of brick or preferably hollow tile 3 or 4 inches in thickness, is required, however, for marble or marble and bronze screens, and extends only to the ledge height. A wood screen (unless it be of the very cheapest variety) should have J/3- to 34-inch iron rods se- curely fastened to the floor and extending through the pilasters (one to each pilaster) up to the cornice and there be arranged with nuts which when tight- Bºº. screens of the present day are al- ened up give strength and rigidity to the screen. A similar rod is also practical for a marble and bronze screen, but is not applicable to the all-marble screen. This demands something stronger, and a light 2- or 3-inch steel channel frame is necessary. This would have a channel member in the cornice and be connected with the channel in each pilaster. The marble cornice is then connected to and stiff- ened by this upper channel. In the case of the all- marble screen or the marble and bronze screen the iron rods or channel frames should be encased by the masonry backing. The lower member of the base of a wood screen should be of marble or similar material so as not to show evidence of mopping. Wicket openings are made either “high” or “low.” When “high” they are simply made hinged and arranged with a proper locking device. Some banks prefer the wickets “high,” or 5 or 6 inches above the counter, while just as many other banks have a preference for the “low” wickets, that is where the glass deal plates are sunk into the counter, in which event they should continue from within a half-inch or so of the front edge of the ledge and extend back to the rear edge of the working counter. Half-inch plate glass with green or black felt underneath it is a practical arrangement, although some bankers prefer a black hone finish glass which affords relief for the teller's eyes. When “low” wickets are used they may be made telescopic and hinged or simply hinged. They should be arranged, however, so that a good-sized bag of coins could be taken through readily. The practical width of a wicket we have found to be about 14 inches, excepting the wicket for new accounts in a savings bank, which must necessarily be much wider, varying in width anywhere from 2 feet to 4 or 5 feet, depending upon the size and character of the bank. The top of no wicket should be so low as to require the customer to stoop per- ceptibly to talk to the teller, and it is just as im- portant that there be no unnecessary obstructions which would prevent the teller's having a good view of the depositor's face. The grille back of the glass is for protection only, and would prevent anyone from readily clearing the counter of cash should the glass be broken. This grille should be made pivoted so that the glass may be easily cleaned. It used to be more the custom to have the glass in the screen obscure all over, which gave the screen too much of a “blank wall” appear- ance. At the present time some banks wish to have the glass clear all over, with only an etched border, but this in turn gives the working force no privacy. The happy medium is to have the glass obscure up to the top of the protecting grille, and the balance clear. The etched border adds a trifle to the design. 283 284 FORUM June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL Wood PILA5 TE--- TELLER-PAl NTED LETTER.3. 55 - DEAL-PLATE- The designation of the wicket is an important item, and there are various ways of arranging it, the simplest be- ing in gold lettering with black edging just a few inches over the top of the wicket opening; or it may be in bronze, placed in the frame of the wicket, as shown on screen “D.” There is one ob- jection to this in that it does not stand out clearly. The designation of a wick- et should be easily discernible, and yet not so large as to disrupt the bal- ance of design of the screen. Again, it may be in bronze and placed in the cornice immediately over the wicket, as in most of the earlier banks, yet this seems to be objectionable, owing to the fact that it is too much above --- • F. L.F. VATION- -FINISHED Ploog. LINE. the eye line. Or it may be an illumi- nated sign (which naturally means a sign of glass with architectural letters having hidden lights behind it) placed either in the cornice of the wicket Detail of Counter Screen A in Wood As the wicket openings in the glass (or “cut outs” as the glass men designate them) tend to weaken the sheets, it is permissible to have them made in three pieces, either with ground edges at the junc- tions, or small bronze members may be introduced without detracting from the design of the screen. This perceptibly lowers the cost of the glass, and should one of the pieces break later on a large saving is effected through not requiring the larger sheet extending from pilaster to pilaster across the screen. frame or in the main cornice of the screen and immediately over the wick- et. And again, there is an illuminated wicket sign that is attached to the cornice of the screen and projects out at right angles to the screen, but this latter arrangement seems to be efficient only in a long, not too well lighted banking room. Where the banking room is very well lighted by day- light, from either side windows or skylights, as it ordinarily should be, the illuminated signs may be regarded as unnecessary. Where there is a lack of good daylight, however, their use should be recom- mended as adding much to the bank's convenience. ‘REMOVABLE METAL cover. -2'-o'-wl R_F - M. Elsh-HooD- -conduit - space - -R-E FLEcºTopL. > - continuous - chann E.L. • Rif M ov.AnoLE.- -METAL - GR-ILLE, - METAL- --~money, quap D. _ GLAS 5. - -DE al-- PLATE • - 2-linoleum Top. -º-con Tinuous- ºf-c Han NEL- * -cas H-DR-aw Elp-- º E. | -CHANNEL • SEcuR-ED- •To - F Loo-- -AD.Just arol-E- -she-Lves-on- -METAL - Pins- #-3-1 > . H - – E. º º 3? º T A. - º • Finish E. D. - *º- -5F.CTION. -MAR to LE- - E.T.C • *ORDER-- -Man role - PANE-L- • Cl-EARL- PLATE : G LA 55- -bronz E- º y - was sle -DA-K-F-R-M base- Finish ED • E. L.F. VATION. TELLER-PAINTED - LETTERS: Detail of Counter Screen C in Marble June, 1923 285 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM The backing of the screen, and by this is meant the cupboards below the counters, should be kept as simple as possible. Each teller of course has a cash drawer, which varies in depth with the requirements and amount of business of the bank, but the usual depth is about 6 inches, and it should be arranged with a removable cash tray, the tray having approximately 10 spaces for different denominations of bills. The cash drawer may also be arranged at either the left or right of the teller, at the teller's preference. It must be hung on extension (and pref- erably ball-bearing) hangers. Very often there is a clear space un- der the counter which is left in that manner to accommodate either safe cabinets for books or portable omni- buses which would contain files, etc. In some cases the omnibuses have cash drawers incorporated in their construc- Tc boºper.” wood - Pilas TER: -Cl-EA- -PLATE • GLA-55- TE L Le R-PAINTED-LETTERLS- Lass-D Eal-- PLATE- - ׺rſ 2& - MaribLE” ºf INISHED FLoor. LIN • F. L.F. VATION - tion, the idea being that at the close of the day's work the omnibuses with files, etc., may be wheeled into the vault for the night, thus saving considerable work. The practical height from the floor to the top of the finished counter should be approximately 41 inches, and the width 22 inches. Conduits for fan, telephone and electric alarm systems, etc., should be run around the back of the screen or buried in the floor and arranged to have their outlets at the open spaces underneath the wicket openings. Cages are made of either J/4-inch or %-inch woven wire, and may be either bronze, steel plated Detail of Counter Screen B in Marble and Wood bronze, or steel painted or steel baked enamel finish, according to the quality desired. The gates to the cages should be hung on ball-bearing hangers and arranged to close by either gravity or door check. Some bankers desire the paying and receiving cages roofed over with similar cage work, but we believe the 2-foot hood sufficient and satisfactory in most cases. The lighting of the counter is best attained by the use of reflectors extending the full length of the screen, the reflectors having ground glass at the -E-Tck-E-D -rºop DER-- -by-onze-column- EARL- GLA 55- -PLA nz E- LETTERLs - -D-A-K-ER--MA2 rol-5- • F. L.F. VATION- OOP-LINE. -R-E-Movable--METAL - Cove. R- \ º tºwer MesºHoop. – combuſt space?" -REFLEcºTop- - on-PeirecToºl- MovaPL+ Conweinari for--per-sk-with upwar-p-prº-u-tº- _- Pºmo - - METAL: Gºul-Lºt ME-TAL- -Money-Guaz D- , GLASS DE al- PLATE- -Linol-Eu M-Top- -cash-drawer- --OD-5Ecuºle-D- -To - FL-cop-- TERRA-cot TA- -block- - -PL as TE-2-- |_-ADJUsTAPLE-- •Foot: REs.T. - # | --Fi nish-E-D- |ſº -FL-OO---INE- 1 #| J. ". -º- “SECTION. - : Detail of Counter Screen D in Marble and Bronze 286 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM -2'-o'-wiple - MEsh-hood. -M-TAL- -wood- ---E FLE-cToºl- --T • *O-DE-- -wood-o-Metal--- ſ - C - - -wl-E-PARTITION- -PLATE * c Lass- -D-E-AL-PLATE - P-5Tol- CAs H. Dº Awe-2- -O p E.N. F.I.T.H.E.R. PLaSTEP- or METAL pack up boa wild- MovatoLE - a DJustate-E - Foot p-r-s"T- f Detail of Rear of a Counter Screen bottom to soften and diffuse the light. The control of this lighting may be either by cords or chains directly back of the pilasters (in the corners of the cages) and arranged so that each cage will light up separately. In illustration “D” is shown one practical method of combination lighting, whereby the banking room may be lighted indirectly from the top of the screen; also adjacent thereto is the downward reflector for the counter. It is not always practical to light every banking room by means of this reflector in the top of the cornice, unless one is satisfied with shadows, although in a great many instances it is successfully used. In the illustration here are shown two practical though inexpensive check desks, one being for a center public space and one for a check desk against the wall. Both should be arranged with glass rial for the upper portion of the screen is bronze, al- though white metal and even iron are sometimes used. If use is made of iron, it is well to pick out the relief in a modest color; if bronze, the ornamental portions should be cast, while the plain portions could be of heavy gauge drawn bronze which is just as satisfactory and fully as lasting. Now as regards costs, these prices are naturally approximate, but yet near enough to give the de- signer or architect good working figures. The cost is arranged per lineal foot and includes backing, marble, bronze or wood, glass, grilles, reflectors, wire hoods, counters, necessary models, etc. Scheme A $75 per lineal foo -- B 85 -- -- - - . . C 126 -- -- . . -- D 145 -- -- -- If the backing of the screen, such as counters, cupboards, etc., is desired in metal, add $4 per lin- eal foot, as the basis of these estimates is for count- ers of birch. For banking furniture there has been reserved the smallest part of this article, yet it is indeed impor- tant. It has been found, however, that for banks costing up to $100,000, and even including those up to approximately $175,000, it is quite a hard matter to keep the client from buying stock furniture al- most throughout. Yet there are purchasable so- called “stock” desks, directors' rooms table and chairs, that while “stock” yet are of an extremely high grade character both as to design and construc- tion. Naturally, it makes the bank more distinctive if it is possible to keep the furniture in complete harmony with the balance of the building, that is from the personal design of the architect or through his selection of furniture designed and constructed by specialists in that class of work. The cost of the furniture is generally at the most but a small item in comparison with the building's total cost. tops, slip compartments (usually 5 or 6 to a desk), combination calendar cases, pen racks and ink-well holders, also with waste paper receptacles. Reflector lighting for both types of desks should also be arranged for. As to materials for these fittings, it is al- most wholly a matter of taste, particularly as regards the marble, since there are so many varieties to choose from. Personally, the writer prefers a marble quiet in tone, but with just enough veining to give it character. Of course the general color scheme of the banking room should be taken into consider- ation. In selecting the marble for the screen, one should be selected that does not have to have too much wax inserted in the veining, as time not only dulls where the waxing exists, but very often the waxing falls out. Mahogany or birch (and even quartered oak) may be used for the entire wood screen, or for that portion of screen which is wood CALEN DA-CA-E- Ptn Holotº --Ack 1 Nx-we-LL rºto- * rol &LA55 Top y º - - - ~ LI I ILIF-F - - Fº- - - foºt EUIFL rºonze Pradºr. - - H Mapa-Tº-NT . - - ~ * - ~ º -* - --~~ > -- --~ º WALL : CH-CH - D = 5k - - ***Le ' - 3-o" H- REFLEcto- *4 plate-al-Ass. A - Top - - tº ca--~~A-CA-E- - ºil-La-D-c-or- PE--- --~~~~ --- ºrgº- -i- DePoºr -Lºp . compa-Twent . __ - > -wa-E-Pape--------> e- º \ | - *zoNT =Levation . En D view above the ledge. The most satisfactory mate- Details of Two Check Desks Materials for Bank Interiors By F. A. FAIRBROTHER of the office of Albert Kahn, Architect, Detroit T will be the en- - N. J. Iº. in these par- º agraphs to discuss the different kinds of ma- terials most commonly used in the interiors of modern banks and bank- ing rooms, and to con- sider them both from the standpoint of their fit- ness for use as materials of beauty, and thus hav- ing distinct parts as elements of the design, and from that of their suitability as aids to comfort and conve- nience. We find that modern banks are very seldom housed in cheap looking buildings, or perhaps it should be said that enough money is usually spent on a bank's quar- ters to make it possible to secure results that are not commonplace. Addi- son in one of his num- Banking Room, New York Trust Co., New York are present where the surface is polished and will give a soft, even wall surface which is pleasing to the eye. Where marbles of rich veining and pronounced color are used they should be placed with care and their use made to count strongly in the design. In the banking room of the New York Trust Company on Broadway the richly veined columns of red- dish purple with bronze capitals contrast strong- ly with the simpler col- ored marble used on the walls. A highly veined and colored marble on the walls would have im- paired the appearance of the room. Stone as distinguished from marble is more seldom used, but where it is found it would º Walker & Gillette, Architects bers of the “Spectator” has a pleasing allegory in which he tells of visiting in a dream the great hall of state of the fair queen known as “Publick Credit,” seated on a throne of gold and attended by a retinue of secretaries and others. Heaped about were great piles of gold and silver. This queen was most susceptible to sudden changes of popular favor, and changed color and countenance with each wave of unrest in the money marts; the piles of gold and silver turned to paper, and her retinue and surroundings became dismal indeed at periods of depression. Such a fate might be prophesied for the bank which occupies shabby or old fashioned premises. For the walls of a banking room of any pre- tensions, which implies a reasonable floor area and height, it is natural to consider first marble or stone because of their appearance of strength and the pleasing textures which may be obtained by their use. If care is exercised in the selection of the marble, and if too much elaborate veining is not allowed to confuse the surface and destroy its dignity, it seems that no better material can be found. It is durable without a doubt, its color can be so selected that the surfaces are not tiresome to look at, and it can be kept clean without great difficulty. A fine hone finish will lessen the shine and glints of light which Richly colored marbles and painted ceiling contrasted with light marble walls suggest itself as suita- ble for pilasters, columns and such structural elements, rather than solely for wainscots. Stone where used on interior walls does not have the advantage of weathering as on the exterior, and it would therefore seem desirable to select some variety which has a pleasing texture to begin with. This would limit the choice somewhat, and would point to such types as travertine which has a very pleasing texture in itself, and while well suited for interiors is not so suitable for exterior use in climates as severe or smoke-laden as ours. If large surfaces of ashlar are used, limestone is quite suitable, it being possible if desired to procure some qualities which have an interesting texture pro- duced by faults in the structure of the stone. Combinations of marble or stone with plaster will be necessary where the cost of covering the entire walls with marble or stone would be prohibitive. The use of wood for banking room walls suggests smaller and lower rooms, excepting where it might be used as a wainscot, in the more private parts of the bank, such as the walls of the working spaces back of counter screens and cages, in the direc- tors' room, women's room, or such accessory por- tions. Plaster walls when lined off with artificial joints, to represent stone, give an impression of strength, and while it is quite certain that they 287 288 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Directors' Room, First National Bank, Detroit Albert Kahn, Architect American walnut panels and modeled plaster ceiling deceive no one, they offer an inexpensive means of obtaining a desirable effect. To preserve the illusion at all it will be necessary to have occa- sional “blocks” of the material painted with slightly different shades. Interesting results can be obtained by the use of tiles. Their use implies some degree of color in the design, but if due restraint is observed in the treat- ment of the walls the necessary effect of dignity may be preserved. The use of tile suggests some- what rough and picturesque surfaces, and for this reason it would seem to lack in large measure the proper qualifications for giving the dignified effect which banking rooms must have. The ceiling is such an important part of the design of the banking room that it usually receives as much care in its treatment as the side walls or counter screens. The choice of materials for the ceiling is so limited that we seldom think of any- thing but plaster, and often the degree of opulence to be exhibited in the design of the banking room may be measured by the amount of ornament which is used. The plaster ceiling can be made very rich in color and elaborate in ornament, as in the First National Bank in Detroit or the New York Trust Company already mentioned, and still be in har- mony with rather severe wall treatment. The ceil- ing of the New York Trust Company is of plaster painted a light wood color with high color- ing in the panels and rosettes. Should glass, however, be used in the ceiling, the amount of ornament and color in the surface around the glass would probably be lessened. If the plan is such that the banking room is lighted from over- head, as would almost always be necessary for an individual bank on an inside lot, a rather extensive area of glass would be required in the ceiling. This glass may be made a very decorative adjunct to the ceiling design, and examples can be found varying from rectangular panes of ground glass to the most elaborate designs in figured and leaded glass. If an elaborate arrangement of ornamental glass is deemed necessary to the design, and leaded lights are used, it will probably be found neces- sary to use bars of some sort carried straight through the design at suitable intervals for the support of the glass. Members of this sort are small in size, and it requires care to arrange their support from points above the glass in such a manner that unpleasant shadows will not be thrown on the surface. Then, too, it will require care to arrange the skylight in the roof so as to avoid shadows over the surface of the ceiling light, and some means of cleaning the glass from above must be provided. Acoustical felts, applied on the walls and ceilings, will absorb most of the noises from the streets as well as deaden the sound from batteries of adding machines and typewriters, making for comfort and efficiency in a great degree. Provision for using such sound-absorbent mate- rials should by all means be made where any con- siderable amount of work is done with machin- ery or any device producing much noise. The secret of success in the use of acoustical felts is in having the sound-absorbing material of a quality and thickness which will make it impossible for sound waves to be reflected from the protected surfaces. Also, for the sake of appearance, to use some such an arrangement as muslin panels which can be drawn so tight on the wooden frames which support the felts that they will not sag or bulge and which will offer a satisfactory surface for painting and decorating. The use of these materials for reducing the amount of noise may be rather a liability in the eyes of the designer, but it will have a decided effect on the comfort and efficiency of the working force. Windows in the banking room are usually of good size, and in some instances very large indeed. Wood could hardly be made to satisfy the design of a large sized banking room window because of the bulk which would be required in the frames, mullions and transoms, let alone the sash, so we find metal frames with steel casement sash most often used. To give an appearance of strength and a sense of pro- tection to the banking room, the windows are June, 1923 289 T H E A R C H I T E C T U R A L F O R U M DETAILS OF MAIN BANKING ROOM FIRST NATIONAL BANK, DETROIT, MICH. ALBERT KAHN, ARCHITECT 290 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM commonly provided with grilles, at least across the lower portions, and these features of the design give an excellent opportunity for study in the ornamental effect of iron or bronze work. Metal panels used in connection with the grilles afford a satisfactory means of concealing the edges of mezzanine floors or balconies and still retaining the appearance of a single window in a large opening. The counter screen is the portion of the banking establishment with which the public comes in closest contact, and is probably examined with a more critical eye than any other portion. Because its position is near the eye, and also because of the time one is often compelled to spend in line at a teller's wicket, the screen attracts close attention. For this reason it should be of material and work- manship which will bear close inspection. Examples of all possible arrangements of counter screens may be seen in the banks of almost any city. If we ex- amine them all we shall doubtless find that bronze is generally used for the upper parts of the screens, with marble in the lower parts. Next in number we shall probably find counter screens with marble below the counter line and marble pilasters and cornices above, with small metal frames or mould- ings to hold the glass. We shall also find a few examples of iron used for the upper parts, and some where wood is used for the whole screen. There is not much question but that marble is the most suitable material for the portions of the screen below the level of the counter; neither is there much doubt that bronze is the best material for the upper por- tions of the screen. It is important that the floors of the banking room be well considered in selecting the materials of which they are to be made. Not only are the surfaces subject to severe wear, but in the public portions they may have to bear the added test of being fre- quently tracked over with muddy footsteps and spotted with water from dripping umbrellas. In the private or working portions of the bank the sur- face must also, in addition to the normal walking about of employes, stand the wear incident to the trun- dling around of book or file busses. For the public portions of the bank- ing room it is fitting that the floor be made part of the design of the room. The material, of course, does not need to be especially suited to foot comfort or quietness. For purposes of design as well as for wear, marble or stone is most desirable. Marble can be found in suitable colors and tones to secure almost any desired result. For general wearing qualities, the best is probably the hard, gray varieties with very little veining. The gray Tennessee is very largely used, and in color and tone gives a desirable surface, lending itself well to combinations with other marbles. The gray is somewhat easier to keep clean than white, and is more restful to the eye. Marble of other colors is often used in forming borders and patterns. The problem in such cases is to find marbles having the imperfections which we call veinings of the proper colors and tone, and at the same time of sufficient hardness to wear evenly with the fields. Some of the heavily veined marbles are rather soft in character, and would not give satis- factory service where subjected to wear from thou- sands of feet. There are, however, several kinds of marble suitable for service on floors and still of pleasing colors, so that almost any desired com- bination may be obtained. Foreign marbles have been most extensively used where decorative effect has been desired, but there are many domestic marbles which can be used to advantage and which will give excellent results. Much stone has been used of late in floors, some- times in combination with marble or other ma- terials. The stone most favored is travertine, which unquestionably is charming in color and texture and has most excellent wearing qualities, judging by the durability of ancient structures built of this Guardian Savings and Trust Co., Cleveland Walker & Weeks, Architects Coffered and painted plaster ceiling in monumental room June, 1923 291 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM material. It has very desirable "non-slip" qualities, and therefore is an excellent material for use on stairs, ramps and the like, and its cost is little more than marble. Marble mosaic is used frequently and gives very satisfactory service, besides lending itself to interesting color schemes. The cost is less than marble in large blocks, and of course it is easier to lay. Its general effect naturally is not as dignified as a floor of marble or stone, but its wearing quali- ties, when properly laid, are eminently satisfactory. Terrazzo has the advantage of being plastic, and can be obtained and applied quickly. It is somewhat limited in its color possibilities, and suggests itself for use in places where funds are not available for the more impressive materials. The surface should contain at least 90 per cent of marble chips, and it will be more compact in appearance and seem more like a marble floor if the small marble chips called terrazzini are used. This material can be laid in several ways, in rec- tangles without apparent joints, with areas marked off by lines of marble cubes, or by means of brass or bronze division strips, thus giving opportunity for considerable variety in design. There are many varieties of tile available for the floor of the public spaces of the banking rooms, and countless designs can be developed with this ma- terial. No fault can be found with its wearing qualities. With the hard, vitreous tile the choice of color is somewhat limited. If the rougher glazed or semi-glazed tile is used, color possibilities are multiplied, but results would seem apt to be less dignified than with the simple, smooth tile. Rubber tile can be obtained in almost any color and size. Great improvements have been made in this material since the first interlocking rubber tile floors were used. It can be obtained in squares up to say 18 inches, and in long strips for use in borders and, if desired, made to imitate the veining of mar- ble. Naturally the illusion is not perfect, any more than scagliola imitates marble with fidelity, but the material has desirable qualities. It is quiet and easily cleaned, and the tones in general are soft. It can be laid directly on a troweled cement floor, and thus takes up less floor thickness than marble or tile. When we consider the most suitable types of flooring for the working spaces of the banking rooms, we must first recognize that one of the prime requisites is that the material be quiet, i. e., absorb- ing the sound of footsteps and the movement of furniture on it, and also that it give foot comfort. To fulfill these requirements the material must be elastic and still hard enough not to be easily dented by chair legs, table legs and the like, and with a surface dense enough to be easily cleaned. Among the materials of the sort outlined linoleum or lino- leum tile are the most common and among the most satisfactory. There are several makes or brands of linoleum which can be laid in lengths as desired and in widths of 6 feet. Linoleum tile are obtainable in almost any size, and can be laid in a variety of patterns. The tile may be laid close together or with narrow strips of a darker color between them. Linoleum in strips and that in the shape of tile is secured to the under surface of wood or masonry with a special cement, presents a very comfortable and durable wearing surface, and is quite satis- factory in appearance. Granulated cork compressed into tile of sizes up to 18 inches square makes an almost ideal floor for the working space. It is quite resilient, though per- haps it is a little less easily cleaned than the lino- leum, and wears well. This material is of neutral tones and restful to the eye as well as to the feet. Numerous composition floors are manufactured and applied in plastic form. Some of them make a satisfactory working floor, but so many of this kind of materials have proved unsatisfactory that only careful examination and comparison with existing installations can be depended upon to determine whether they should be used. Wood is used in the working spaces in many banks where conditions will not allow the use of a better kind of floor, but it is not as comfortable as linoleum or cork and is not as easily kept clean. Where employes are required to stand for long periods, it is usually found that mats of linoleum or rubber are required to relieve the weariness that comes with standing. For ease of cleaning and to avoid the worn or scrubbed-off appearance which occurs where the bases and floors join, it is wise to insert some mem- ber which will not show the marks of the mop or scrubbing brush. A narrow strip of marble, say 3 inches high around the walls below the wood base or wainscot, will afford the desired protection and add to the appearance of the room. It is possible also to obtain sanitary coved bases made of cork or linoleum for use with such floors. Counter tops, referring to those in the working parts of the bank, can be made with exposed sur- faces of wood, linoleum, rubber, cork, or even marble or glass. Very hard and durable surfaces should be used where coins are handled and counted. Glass is the best material for use at the deal plates. It can be obtained in black, and if finished with a ground surface will not show scratch marks from constant handling of coins. If white glass is used it is also well to have the surface ground. For the other parts of the counters some softer material is desirable, and for this purpose linoleum laid on a wood or metal base is best. It is cemented down, has very few joints, and is quiet and clean. It can be obtained in good shades of brown or green. The edges of the counters should be protected with a metal moulding to keep the linoleum from being broken off or becoming loose. Cork can be used in much the same manner as the linoleum. Its wearing qualities and appearance are good, and as the blocks are cut very true and can be laid close, the numerous joints will do no harm. It is hoped that enough of the advantages and ob- jections to the most common materials have been pointed out here to be of some service in specifying material for a modern banking house interior. 292 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 GENERAL VIEW OF EXTERIOR Corzzutº or board Room 5are DePoºr Room O+rice WoRking of 7 tice **Ace women De Post-rors - FLOOR PLAN Type of construction, Semi-fireproof: Exterior materials, Stone from local quarry, slate roof, limestone trimmings; Interior materials, Concrete floors, terrazzo and marble finish, sand-finish plaster on metal lath; Windows, Wood, double-hung; Counter screens, Marble, steel and glass; Vault and safe deposit provision, Vault for money, and safe deposit sections; Special departments provided for, Retiring room for women depositors; Heating, Direct hot water system, radiators in recesses under windows. DETAIL OF ENTRANCE CHESTNUT HILL TITLE AND TRUST COMPANY, CHESTNUT HILL, PA. A. H. BROCKIE, ARCHITECT The Individual Bank Building MEETING THE NEEDS OF SUBURBS AND SMALL CITIES By WILLARD J. BALL of Thomas M. James Company, Architects, Boston few years an increasing demand on the part of banking institutions for individual build- ings, devoted entirely to their particular needs. To one who has had the privilege of watching this growth over a period of 15 or 20 years the develop- ment has not appeared extraordinary, but on the contrary it has been a slow but steady process of evolution. The results are to be appreciated in all of our large cities and in many of the smaller communi- ties from coast to coast. There has been a marked stimulation of civic pride in most instances, while public appreciation of and a desire for more harmo- nious surroundings has reached a higher level. It is not meant that this one type of building has been the only one responsible for this tendency on the part of the public, but it is sincerely believed that it has had a great deal to do with it. The profession, always modest, may yet assume that its years of patient work for the greater public appreciation of the fine arts have counted for something. Certain it is that such buildings as have been designed, especially during the past five years, are sufficient proof of the sincerity of this feeling on the part of the architec- tural profession, and that in this instance particu- larly architects may claim their rightful share in the working out of an especially difficult problem. The public reacts quite consciously to the beauty of these individual buildings, first and foremost, undoubtedly, because of the fact that the buildings house banks; second, because of their simple and dignified appearance; and third, because the people themselves can have some part in the functioning of these institutions, and can point with definite, per- sonal pride to their bank. This process of education of the public has not been easy, but like all develop- ments, where conscientious, hard work towards this end has been done by any group or by any person, the results have always justified the means. To those who have labored in this particular field of bank architecture there is a sense of pride, and they hope it is justifiable, because they have tried to look at the problem as in a state of development, a prob- lem which has been constantly changing and be- coming more complex in its organization, due to the greater demands of the modern business world upon it. The writer, looking back some 20 years, remem- bers the dingy and dark banking rooms of Boston and New York, where the officers were almost inac- cessible to the general public, and where the feeling of the customer was usually one of fear in which there was certainly no particular personal feeling of gratification because of the fact that personal busi- ness dealings were transacted at such an institution. Tº: has been evidenced during the past He also can picture still the very inadequate pro- visions made for taking care of the general public, and the still more severe conditions imposed upon the workers in the institutions. The early efforts at that time of several members of the architectural profession are worthy of note, and although no par- ticular reference to individual architects and their work will be made here, many of these institutions still remain and most of them, which were developed during the five or ten years immediately after the period we have just mentioned, are still adequate for the needs of the institutions, or have been made so by recent alteration work. These banks, however, show the almost utter un- familiarity of the architect with the bankers' prob- lems. Departmental needs had not, it is true, be- come so great or so complex as at the present time, but the approach by the general architectural firm towards the banking problem in the early days can- not be said to have been one which produced the best results. There has been, gradually, an attempt at specialization on the part of many of the profes- sion which has brought about distinctly good re- sults. In fact it may be said that unless an architect does specialize on some one or two classes of work he will never attain the highest possible results. One knows of the splendid results of this specializa- tion in such work as railroad stations, hotels, schools, theaters and hospitals—why not the bank? There are a few architectural firms or individuals in the country who have made such a serious and pro- longed study of the banking problem from the archi- tectural standpoint, and to them belongs the credit for having developed this most modern and individ- ual type of building. It is believed, and not without cause, that no suc- cessful solution can be reached without a painstak- ing survey of the needs of the particular institution under consideration. Nay, one will go so far as to say that correct planning of a bank depends entirely upon the successful analysis of the routine of the bank in all its phases. Very few people who have no particular knowledge of banking business have any idea of the very complex nature of the departmental functions. In the main the fundamental processes of banking are the same, but each institution has its own particular methods which it adheres to because it has found them to be of greater service than other methods. All of this has its effect upon the routing of items through the bank, and therefore, necessarily, a direct effect upon the planning of the building. Right here let it be said, however, that it is sin- cerely believed that unless an architect has met a great many of these banking problems, he will be tempted to complicate his plan too greatly. Many 293 294 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM architects fell into this pit during the early stages of their work. It can be said, however, that the simpli- fication of the equipment of the various depart- ments has been the result of many years of study, and has of late years proved that it does take care of the bank's needs in a way that the more complex equipment could not do. Changes in the system and expansion from year to year cannot be absorbed by the over-elaborated equipment installations, where- as the standard unit equipment can be applied to satisfy practically any need with simple changes. Upon visiting a bank with a view to planning for its needs, the architect should have in mind that he needs certain information. He should have a com- plete list of the personnel of each department. He should be able in a short space of time to follow the routings of all items from the time they come into the bank until the time they are charged on the bank's books, or until they leave the bank. There are so many of the details of banking which do not particularly concern the architect that it is very difficult for the non-specialist to ob- tain the information which will help him in his planning. This, of course, p-vaſt of Fict-5 of Fict T is Detail of Front Norwood Trust Company, Norwood, Mass. Thomas M. James Co., Architects comes only through the study of a great many vary- ing problems in banks of widely different types. Often one has to deal with the so-called one-man bank, where there are perhaps two or three clerks other than the cashier or treasurer. Such an institu- tion has perhaps reached the limits of its capacities under the present system, and desires in its new building to have such planning as will take care of its expanding business for a good many years. This has meant the introduction of the so-called check teller system which is in use now pretty generally throughout the east and west with, of course, cer- tain modifications, but the commercial bank has found it greatly to its advantage. A study of this - system as worked out in any of the larger banking institutions will be of great benefit to any architect wishing to undertake the solution of the commercial bankers' problem. Under this system, in general, all of the items coming into the various departments and listed therein are passed on to a central clearing house or check teller, or pivot de- partment, as it is variously called. Here the records of all items passing through the bank are kept, and this offers a means of checking back against each department at the end of the day's work and locating readily any error made by any de- partment, in fact locating the indi- vidual making the error. From this department are routed the items to the bookkeepers who handle the bank's own check, the discount department, collection department, and the transit department, pro- viding the collection department is large enough to be split up and have a transit department. This is the framework of the bank. The tellers in the cages are meeting the public, whereas the check tellers, the book- keepers and the transit department are busily engaged keeping the ac- counts and sending the items to their proper destinations. The ar- chitect's problem, then, is to so ana- lyze this routing as to obtain the quickest disposal of all items. One could, of course, go through a more detailed account of the framework of a bank, but this would entail too lengthy a description for the pur- poses of this article. Let it merely be said that there are over 40 de- partmental titles, most of which are found in every bank and all of which have to be taken into consideration by the architect in planning. Only commercial banks safe DE post- DEPARTMENT have June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM 295 woºing space. o: o 5 25 tº 45 55 goal of FEET Type of construction, Concrete; Ex- terior materials, Granite, Indiana lime- stone and brick; bronze doors; Interior materials, Marble, bronze, mahogany and plaster; Windows, Wood; Counter screens, Marble and bronze; Vault and safe deposit provision, Security and book vaults; vault for storage in base- ment; Type of lighting, Direct; Heating, Steam; Date of general contract, Sep- tember, 1917; Total building cost, $95,- 000; Cubic foot cost, 48 cts. A mezza- nine floor at the rear provides space for trustees' room. ELIOT SAVINGS BANK, BANKING ROOM ROXBURY, MASS. THOMAS M. JAMES CO., ARCHITECTS 296 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM been mentioned. The savings bank problem is very different, and while it is not as complex as the com- mercial bank, still it requires a very definite study of its needs. In most instances, the so-called “island” plan, with the working force in the central portion of the island, adjacent to the vaults, and the public on the front and two sides, has worked out to the best advantage. The savings bank problem requires that it employ only a small force, and that each clerk necessarily has several duties. Also the book- keeping department has of necessity to be located near the tellers' windows, or at least this has been up to the present the accepted arrangement. There will, no doubt, soon be other interesting develop- ments. The modern system of bookkeeping has intro- duced the machine. There is no question as to the utility of the bookkeeping machine when used in the statement department. There has been no better solution offered, and it seems to meet every need of this department. On the question, however, of keep- ing the commercial department ledgers, bankers are about equally divided for and against. Many of the banks which dur- ing the war took over the ma- chine posting of commercial ac- counts, have now gone back to the hand-posted ledger, either the loose leaf or the old “Bos- ton” ledger. It will not be at- tempted at this time to enter into a discussion further, as there are points it is believed both in favor of and against the use of both systems. So much of the work of the bank can be done in one large room that it was most natural to develop the high ceiled, main banking room with large windows wherever possible, with a skylight for both light and ventilation. The vault, usu- ally placed at the rear and ac- cessible from the working space step. By placing this vault in the rear of the build- ing, it was possible to obtain a safe deposit depart- ment and a machine room on the first floor in back of the rear wall of the banking room, and above this a mezzanine floor accommodating the directors' room and possibly additional working space. Variations of this plan have been made in order to fit special needs, placing the directors' room on the mezzanine at the front of building and giving oppor- tunity for closed private offices on the first floor leading out of the officers' space, also an opportunity for customers' rooms, etc., leading directly from the public space. Where the directors' room is placed at the front of the building, the rear mezzanine can be used for expansion of the bookkeeping and check tellers' departments, as well as the transit depart- ment. It is easy, therefore, to see how well this indi- vidual building fits the needs of the average bank. The exterior, of course, is an expression of the in- terior, and it is possible to obtain many variations of practically the same scheme. and also the public space for the accommodation of safe de- posit customers, was the next of PICE-5 5PACE pu BLIC space SAVINGs DEPT First Floor Plan General View of Exterior Ticonic National Bank, Waterville, Me. Thomas M. James Co., Architects ADDITIONAL woºking space UPPER PART of MAIN BANKING ROOM. DIRECTORS Roon. on 5 to º, sº Second Floor Plan JUNE, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 79 Photos by Tebbs Architectural Photographic Co. GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW Type of construction, Fireproof, Exterior materials, Limestone; Interior materials, Marble and plaster; Windows, Steel; Counter screens, Marble; Heating, Steam; Total building cost, Approximately $175,000 women's LOC-E-s º -: s TATIonenºr ston AGE LADIES ------------------ noonſ DinecTO-5 Room. Future safe DEposit vault silvez wavºlt FuTu-E SAFE DEPost T DEPT FuTu-E coupon Booths Future conference woºk space O 5 ro 20 JO 40 BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN . FIRST FLOOR PLAN SUFFERN NATIONAL BANK, SUFFERN, N. Y. ALFRED HOPKINS, ARCHITECT IUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 80 BOVdS „STRIGHOIHHO LOB LIHO HV ‘SNIXđOH CITHÆTV ‘A ‘N ‘N HOEHHHOS ‘>INVg TVNOILVN NDHAHHOS |- OOI. L’IOd 8. O TIV.LEGI |- sºuſtº ºpp1ppae uqoſºq soqoqa JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 81 EIGIVOVA JLNO`Hae SLOB LIHO HV ‘AXAOTSNIAXA 29 SEINTOH >{NVQ TVNOI. LVN LSTHIA CTHOHĐNITIVA ‘GIRIOHONITTVA HO ſae BOVďS OITAT， FIRST NATIONAL BANK WALLINGFORD, CONN. Illustration on Plate 81 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Limestone Interior materials. Marble, wood and imitation stone Windows. Steel sash Special department provided for safe deposit department Type of lighting. Direct Heating. Vapor vacuum (steam) Date of general contract. February. 1922 Total building cost $77,538 Cubic foot cost. 62 cts. --- O 2C) *C) 4C) SCALE OF FEET WOQL, SPACE º CAGE DO - ECCOE WAULT | H D U E L I C SAFE DEDOS IT & SECUD ITY WAULT S P A C E. | SAFE COMM |--|| | | Tºniº, D ſ ! WO SPACE CAGE AGE ** *** coupg|A pogºs. | FIRST AND MEZZANINE FLOOR PLANS DI Q fic TO QS ADDING M.A.C.H.I.Nf. P-OOM. TUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 82 BANKING ROOM GENERAL VIEW OF EXTERIOR SEACOAST TRUST COMPANY, ASBURY PARK, N. J. THOMAS M. JAMES, ARCHITECT SEACOAST TRUST COMPANY ASBURY PARK, N. J. Illustration on Plate 82 Type of construction. Fireproo Exterior materials. Granite and stone Interior materials. Marble, bronze, plaster and mahogany Windows. Wood Counter screens. Bronze and marble Vault and safe deposit provision. Com- bined on first floor Type of lighting. Direct Heating. Vapor Date of general contract. July, 1921 Total building cost $180,000 Cubic foot cost, 82 cts. UMEN DEpT Eºs º public SpACE sºpºpositvault Boorººººººº... woºd space - -- Pºnian- cºnce cºncºs space *- --Tº-ºn-Tº. - +------------- -- -- scalº OF FEET - - º O 20 º +- FIRST FLOOR PLAN JUNE, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 83 GENERAL VIEW OF EXTERIOR Type of construction, Fireproof; Exterior materials, White limestone; Interior materials, Italian marble, mahogany; Windows, Bronze sash; Counter screens, Bronze and marble; Special departments provided for, Trust department; Type of lighting, Indirect; Heating, Vacuum vapor; Date of general contract, November, 1921; Total building cost, $200,000; Cubic foot cost, 85 cts. - - - - - - - ºf r art ontºr. - To i u = r - -- - - | - ***** --- - . . . | --- C - E. R. K. 3 G a L. L. E. R. Y. - -- ^------- Fºiſ ſt- ---4- | TI-R |-i-º-º: | F--T-T-7, ºf cow || º F--- | | || | ****** || || { } {T} || || jº-º-º-º: | ----- F# • Or r + c - Jºcale FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN FARMERS AND MECHANICS NATIONAL BANK, GEORGETOWN, D. C. MARSH & PETER, ARCHITECTS The Lighting of Banks By A. L. POWELL, Illuminating Engineer THOROUGHLY satisfactory building really depends on the preliminary planning of the lighting simultaneously with that of the structural elements, and as banks are a type of pub- lic building, elaborate in structure with special light- ing requirements, the best results are obtained only when this feature is carefully considered beforehand. It is fairly safe to say that there is no phase of building design or equipment which has undergone and is experiencing as rapid changes as lighting. The architect has an infinite number of details to keep in mind when planning and supervising the construction of a building, but all too often a struc- ture such as a bank is planned and even actually built before the question of lighting is taken up. When the illuminating engineer comes to the work he often finds it impossible to install the type of lighting best suited, due to inadequate provisions as to space, wiring capacity and the like. For example, adequate space should be available for lamps and reflectors above skylights, where such lighting is to be employed. Flexible control and a sufficient num- ber of circuits to take care of future demands should be provided for. Convenient outlets at frequent in- tervals to meet particular conditions are necessary. The lighting system in the bank should be such as to impress the patrons with the dignity of the institution. The idea that the building is merely a cold storage place for currency should be eliminated by making the interior comfortable and inviting. The first feature can be secured through the selection of the proper types of fixtures or lamps. They should in general be massive and substantial without being unduly ornate. The ordinary commer- cial type of equipment is quite unsuited to the high class financial institution. The bank can be made attractive and comfortable by providing an ade- quate intensity of illumination and by the elimina- tion of glaring, brilliant and annoying light sources. In other words, the lighting must take into account quality and quantity. There is no question that natural light or day- light is generally satisfactory as a means of illumi- nation and should always be provided where pos- sible. On the other hand, there have been numerous cases where improperly placed or poorly designed windows and skylights have produced glaring, an- noying conditions. Three principal means of accom- plishing the desired results are: exterior windows, windows in light shafts or wells, and skylights. The illumination from exterior windows falls off very rapidly toward the center of the room, and the va- riation in intensity with any such system is much greater than ever prevails with a well designed ar- tificial lighting system. The ratio of room width to ceiling height is a governing factor in determining whether this form of lighting is acceptable. Prism glass, of course, has a field in modifying the distri- Fig. 1. Night view of a well lighted public space in a bank; 300-watt lamps in semi-indirect bowls on centers 18 x 32 furnish uniform 5-foot candle illumination 297 298 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Fig. 2. Banking room of monumental character with cove lighting in public space and indirect pendants in working spaces. Check desk lamps provided bution of daylight, and is of service in such cases.” Ph general, a one-story banking room of average di- mensions will not have sufficient light in the center of the room for close work when dependence is placed on side windows alone. Extending the win- dows as close as possible to the ceiling assists in obtaining a desirable distribution. Corner banking rooms, at least two stories in height, may sometimes be well lighted from side windows. Provision should be made for controlling daylight from windows by means of shades or patent blinds. For the best results, shades should be translucent rather than opaque, thus when drawn providing a lower intensity of diffused light rather than pro- ducing a sharp shadow. Double rollers, pulling up and down, located midway of the height, will per- mit a more comfortable control of light. Where structural conditions permit, skylights provide a means of securing good illumination in the portion of the room not well served by side windows. Where skylights are installed they can also be so equipped as to become the principal sources of artificial light. The choice of the glass for the ceiling is a matter of considerable importance. It should be efficient, or, in other words, transmit as much light as possible, and should be of such a character that there is little or no “spotting” effect from the light sources above it. To eliminate the spotting effect the glass must have more or less diffusion. The less diffusing it is, the closer together the units must be placed. Greater diffusion, on the other hand, generally means a higher absorption. There are on the market a number of types of figured or rippled crystal glass which have a fairly high transmission and eliminate the spotting by refrac- tion rather than by dif- fusion. Some of these are especially well suited for skylightwork.” If itis de- sired to control the dis- tribution of light through the ceiling, as for ex- ample, by directing light against the walls with reflectors set at an angle above the ceiling panes, then some form of rough- ened or rippled crystal glass is necessary. If merely diffusion with maximum in tensity downward is wanted, then opal glass will give this effect regardless of the type of equipment above the glass. Where opal glass is used the light sources themselves furnish light to the ceiling, and the glass ceiling in turn lights the room. But unfortunately the opal, in becoming a secondary source, illuminates in all directions, and it is necessary to add to the loss of light between lamps and the glass ceiling the loss due to the glass lighting the attic as well as the room below; hence the resultant efficiency is very low. With crystal glass the ceiling itself is not a secondary lighting source; it serves to scatter the light which is being transmitted, and there is very little returned light. In the matter of appearance there is a certain amount of “life” to a ceiling of crystal glass that is not obtainable with opal. To control the amount of daylight which enters the room the upper skylight may be made of glass of relatively high absorption, or shades or louvers can be used to cut down the intensity. Controlled daylight should not be obtained through the lower skylight, for we must have a high transmission of the artificial light. In some cases the upper skylight is tinted a light amber and used as a filter to bring the daylight to the color value of the artificial light. Even though excellent natural lighting be pro- vided, there are many days when the intensity is too low for efficient vision; there are parts of the building which are not reached by the daylight, and finally much of a bank's work must be done after nightfall. An adequate system of artificial illumi- nation is therefore essential, and upon its success depends the comfort of patrons and employes. Within the past few years there have been re- markable advances in designing the light source it- self as well as in reflecting and diffusing accessories. The modern lamps give about six times the light for the same power as was obtained from the lamp *A complete study of this subject will be found in the Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Vol. 9, 1914, p. 643. *A full discussion of this topic will be found in the Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Vol. 9, 1914, p. 1011. June, 1923 299 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM of 15 years ago. The lamp itself is by no means a complete lighting unit. It produces the raw light which must be modified, redirected and diffused before it is thoroughly satisfactory for illumination, and it needs reflectors, globes, shades or other ac- cessories to produce these results. Three general systems of illumination have been developed, all of which are applicable to an interior such as a bank. These are known as direct (where most of the light is sent downward to the work), semi-indirect (where most of the light is sent to the ceiling and then re- flected downward, some being transmitted through the glassware of the fixture), and totally indirect (where all the light is first directed upward). The indirect or semi-indirect systems are not recom- mended for use under dark ceilings or skylights. Public Spaces. These areas should naturally re- ceive the most attention from the decorative stand- point, but on the other hand this quality should not be over-stressed. The main banking space should be equipped with general lighting of an in- tensity of from 4- to 6-foot candles. Individual types of equipment vary considerably as to efficiency, and the color of surroundings has an appreciable effect on the resultant intensity. In general, the value considered desirable can be ob- tained with light colored surroundings by installing lamps of such wattage as to give these specific con- sumptions: diffused direct light, 1 to 1% watts per square foot; semi-indirect light, 1% to 134 watts per square foot; totally indirect light, 1% to 2 watts per square foot. A pleasing yet simple and inexpen- sive installation of semi-indirect fixtures, consisting of opalescent glass bowls and neat, three-chain hangers, is to be seen in use in Fig. 1. Here it will be noted that the working area, as is usually the case, adjoins the public space and with such a system as pictured larger lamps can be installed in the units over the working portions to provide the high inten- sity needed here for bookkeeping and clerical work. As another example of the wide latitude now at our disposal in planning artificial illumination we might examine Fig. 3. A neat trough above the cage grille conceals inverted, mirrored glass reflectors and lamps furnishing indirect lighting. 75-watt lamps in mirrored glass reflectors are spaced on centers 3 x 5 feet above the glass skylight and furnish enough direct light to render the glass somewhat more luminous than the surrounding ceiling. Lighting from above the skylight should usually be supple- mented by diffuse direct lighting or indirect lighting as shown here, otherwise the architectural details around the skylight and on the ceiling are lost and rather severe contrasts between the glass area and the ceiling prevail. If the general lighting provided is not deemed adequate for the patrons' desks, they should be equipped with local units producing an intensity of from 15- to 20-foot candles. Desk lamps should be carefully chosen and so placed that direct and reflected glare is minimized. Fig. 3. 75-watt lamps in mirrored glass, direct lighting reflectors are used above the skylight; 100-watt lamps in inverted mirror reflectors above the cages provide indirect illumination and make the ceiling luminous 300 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 Fig. 4. Typical cage grille continuous fixture using 25-watt lamps in small mirrored reflectors on 14-inch centers - Working Areas. With the high efficiency of the present-day illuminants, the old forms of local or drop lighting are being gradually eliminated, and the multiplicity of unsightly cords and tin shades, which formerly occupied the space behind the cages, is becoming a thing of the past. The general system of lighting can often be sup- plemented by cage grille fixtures, of the type shown in Fig. 4, to raise the intensity at the various wickets to something of over 10-foot candle power. This form of lighting will assist in detecting fraud and speed up the work. The best types of grille fixtures employ suitable mirrored glass reflectors and rela- tively small lamps, 10- or 15-watt, on 8-inch cen- ters. The distribution of light should be such as to prevent glare and give an even illumination over the desktops. A diffusing glass plate over the open- ing prevents annoying reflections. Directors' Rooms. Board and meeting rooms have the same general requirements for lighting as offices, although a moderate intensity, of from 3- to 5-foot candles, is sufficient. There is comparatively little close work carried on here. In many instances these rooms are finished in dark woodwork, which makes the lighting problem quite complex. It is almost impossible to comfortably illuminate to a high level a room finished throughout with dark woodwork. There will always be a rather severe contrast in brightness. Light colored surroundings assist materially in diffusing the light, reducing shadows and eliminating contrasts. In the room with dark woodwork bracket units should always be avoided. Enclosing, diffusing globes with suitable, clear lamps, hung high, out of the ordinary angle of view, are probably the best means of illumination. The character and design of the supporting fixture will depend on the general elaborateness of the room decoration. Vaults. The vaults are used primarily for the storage of money and valuable documents, and little actual work is carried on here. A lower intensity of illumination (3- to 4-foot candles) will be adequate. The boxes extend from the floor to the very top of the room, and a flood of light in all directions is necessary. In most instances it is inadvisable to pierce the armor plate of the safe in order to fur- nish electrical current for lighting purposes. A con- venient arrangement to overcome this difficulty is to locate a receptacle outside of the vault, connected to the power supply, and another inside of the vault, feeding the lighting circuit. When the steel door is opened a flexible cable with a plug at each end con- nects the two receptacles. With such an arrange- ment as this a circuit-breaker or small fuse should be installed in the individual circuit, for occasionally through oversight the steel door is accidentally closed on the cable, thus short-circuiting the line. Coupon Booths. The small rooms, resembling tel- ephone booths, used by the patrons of the bank for examining securities, clipping coupons, etc., should be lighted by desk lamps or bracket fixtures placed above the tables. No other general illumination is necessary, save that it is most desirable to provide 10-watt lamps directly beneath the tables. Many times when sorting certificates or coupons one is dropped, and the search for this on the dark floor is most annoying. The device suggested will be a real comfort in such an event. Fig. 5. Neat, luminous signs above the wickets are convenient and readily combined with screen design Heating and Ventilating of Bank Buildings By ARTHUR K. OHMES of Tenney & Ohmes, Consulting Engineers, New York economical and satisfactory heating and ven- tilating equipment for a large bank building may under certain conditions be quite difficult, and then again be quite simple. This statement will be readily understood when all factors pertaining to the design are carefully analyzed. The small coun- T! requirements to be met in the design of an try or branch bank's heating plant is very simple; artificial ventilation is practically unknown, hence these bank buildings will not be discussed. Business considerations demand that the building be located in the trade or financial center of the city. This means that the building site is almost invariably selected on streets where there is much noise from various kinds of traffic. Since “quiet- ness” appears to be one of the prime requirements in successful banking, open windows are frequently objectionable, even if at certain times atmospheric conditions permit them to be opened. While there is a certain “standardization” in school, hospital and office building construction, no “standardization” has been attempted in larger bank buildings. Every such building requires there- fore its own careful analysis as to the heating and ventilating requirements to be met. It is obvious that entirely different problems must be met in chilly Maine and warm and sunny Florida. It is also well to take into account the fact that almost all banks are continually expanding, not only in size, but also in new departments, and that additional facilities for doing business become necessary every few years. Before these facilities are provided the various departments are crowded to the limit, and with it the ventilating requirements are increased. Particular attention must be given to the present tendency of having some of the important depart- ments in underground spaces, creating a most diffi- cult ventilating problem. Banking Spaces above Ground The medium sized bank, employing about 50 people, seldom requires an extensive ventilating system unless it has very few windows which can- not be opened on account of dust, traffic noise, auto- mobile engine odors, etc., or because it is located in a very cold climate where windows must be kept closed for months at a time to avoid intolerable and even dangerous drafts. A few years ago a bank and office building was erected in a fair sized city in Kentucky. The ground floor contained the banking room, and the owners directed the provision of good air supply and ex- haust ventilation, and the plans were worked out accordingly. When bids were taken the cost of the building was found to be in excess of the estimated cost, and it was decided to reduce the expense all along the line, and the fairly expensive equipment was of course omitted. Only exhaust ventilation was pro- vided. Large radiators as shown in detail on Fig. 1 were provided to permit a slight opening of win- dows even in the coldest weather. The bank is doing a successful business despite the omission of the ex- pensive ventilation apparatus worked out in the original plans. For all other details see “Building No. 1'' in “Schedule No. 1.'' Now contrast this experience with another bank- ing room in New York. This bank had a very com- plete ventilating system as detailed under “Build- sº MPORTANT DEALs FGURED QUANTIES or º ºſº - - MAXIMUM | . FOR ASSUMED MAXIMUM NUMBER - OF- OF BANKING ROOM ||ARTIFICAL VENTILATION |Approx. BUILDG MATE OF PER5ON5. o ||BANKING ROOM. F. - TOTAL TOTAL AIR EXHAU5||NUMBER No. ºlº" ºilº. Flooscued WNºwgºugiº, ARFA CONTENT: APFA | AREA #: PER CHANGES PER |N AREA, CONTENS AREA | AREA º º -HOUP HOUR | PFR fR HOUR PIRHOU WDTHLENGTHEGHT50FT|CUFT|SQFT|SQFT |ºlº ºut. HOUR || ROOM |50FTCUFT SOFT|SQFT & Jºkº NME DUNM 317 ED BANKANG ROONA5 \ 45 4-4- “A& 1570 |SøOOO 72O - - | 1,2OO - 2.. O 5C) aco l, 2OO I++ - - 225O 2. 54- cłº, lo 3150 |50000|| 550 75Q ||250,000 || 200,000 5.O +O QO 52.5 850.O 55 12.5 +15O 3350 3 32. 35& 2O 122O 24,400 250 - - - - - 25 4-q.O. caſto. O |O.A - - - 4- 43 75 38 3200 12,500 34-O - 5¢,3CO 244,000 3.O. 2O 75 43 O 194-O O 18. O 43OO 5550 LARG'ſ EANKVNJG R (DONM5 Jº 15O | 18.5 Jºs 242OO ||,550,000 27OO !COO |4500,000|5000000| 34 2.25 5OO 4-8.0 28000 3.8 3.2 q.000 C.OOO o &5 || |O5 85 *Ooo 770000|| 2:00 1200 || 120,000 |),500,000 2.5 2O 25O 5%.O 3\OO.O | I.Q. (2.4- 77OO o,OOO 7. ol |2O || 52. *7OO SOOOOO! 2400 - 1,500,000 ||,000,000 35.O 2.O 3OO 32O !CCOO 5.O - SOOO 33OO 8, 82. 155 4-8 12,700 ſolo, OOO 2100 l:HOO ||850000||122OOOO 5 O 2 O 35o 3×2.5 WA-oc C.O. 4-O 52OO 3,500 Schedule No. 1 301 302 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM H BANUING ROOM. * DETA II OF = . ADIATOR'ſ U 6 RADIATOp.J. EACH 34% J2fT. 6 RADIATORſ EACH 26 J & FT. ot-o oſ-Ho *-L *= <= n ===== n = * * | T Fig. 1. Floor Plan and Details of Simple Direct Heating and Exhaust Ventilation ing No. 2” in “Schedule No. 1.” Windows were sta- tionary because it was felt they could not be opened on account of street noise, dust, etc. Soon after the opening of the bank an air washer had to be in- stalled. Later on when the banking room was en- larged a still more complete system of air supply was decided upon and installed in connection with the ventilating system for the addition. Another banking room was very simply treated and detailed under “Building No. 3” in “Schedule No. 1.” This bank building is located in Tennessee, and the large room has no ventilation, but an interior book- keeper's room has supply and exhaust ventilation and the working mezzanine only exhaust ventila- tion. A banking building, on the other hand, with very much the same general outlines, located along the Canadian border, where windows cannot be opened in the winter months, was provided as de- tailed under “Building No. 4” in “Schedule No. 1" with a good air supply and exhaust ventilating sys- tem throughout. The owners desired good ventila- tion for the original building, and now that a new extension is to be built, a similar, complete appara- tus was decided upon. When we now consider banks whose resources run into the millions, with hundreds of employes, we find usually a well defined desire for artificial ventilation. Some details of larger banks, so treated, are given under “Buildings Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8” in “Schedule No. 1.” The air supply and exhaust venti- lation for banking rooms Nos. 7 and 8 is reversible; that is, by means of turning a damper the air can either be introduced near the ceiling and exhausted from near the floor or introduced at the bottom and exhausted from the top of the room. It should, how- ever, be said that care must be taken in arranging bottom registers, otherwise objectionable drafts will be felt. The main features of a reversible ventilating sys- tem are shown in Fig. 2. It will be noted that the air supply is introduced at the top and exhausted at the bottom when the damper is in a vertical position. To reverse the ventilation the damper is turned into a horizontal position, and if the air cur- rents are traced as shown in dotted lines it will be seen that air is now introduced at the bottom and the air is exhausted at the top. But even in large banking rooms the climatic con- ditions must be considered. Thus, for instance, for a bank in a large city of central Canada, where double and air-tight windows must be used, a very complete air supply and exhaust system must not only be in- stalled for ventilation, but it may be required to minimize in-drafts and to assist the heating in tem- peratures frequently of 30° below zero. Again, it is questionable that the same banking room would re- quire more than a very simple exhaust ventilating system with ample radiators in Florida, where the temperature is seldom lower than 30° above zero. Architects always object to unsightly air supply registers, but it is usually possible to arrange them symmetrically on the walls over windows or in a continuous frieze, or still better to hide them alto- gether in the tops of cornices. Under no conditions should ceiling registers ever be used for air supply, because it is practically never possible to prevent drafts. Experience has shown that air supply intro- duced through ceiling registers, even if at only a few degrees lower than the room temperature, results usually in drafts, no matter how high the room may be. If air supply ventilation is to be provided, too much emphasis cannot be laid on the fact that an air inlet must be located where really fresh air can be obtained. It is useless to take air from a dirty back alley or from sidewalk gratings and to rely upon an air-washer to purify the air from contami- nation such as excessive dust and dirt, automobile ZT- > | ſ blowfººt-2 - AIRL E-> Fº :-E- || |## *I dºi=j^* l l r - H- [TT3--- —- Fig. 2. Reversible Ventilating System. Two Directions Indicated by Full and Dotted Arrows June, 1923 303 T H E A R CHITECT U R A L FOR U M engine odors, paper, refuse, etc. Roof air inlets are likely to be contaminated by smoke, fuel gases, plumbing vents, foul air, kitchen discharges, etc. The best place for the air inlet in our crowded, busy cities is usually in a large court or, still better, on the shady side of the street some 50 feet above the sidewalk in high buildings, or halfway up the build- ing in case of a low structure. Heating Both steam and hot water heating systems have been successfully used in all kinds of cli- mates. Automatic tem- perature regulation in all larger rooms is still desira- ble, for it is usually found that in crowded rooms fewer arguments will arise when an automatic device is installed to regulate the temperature instead of let- ting half a dozen people take a hand at it. Special consideration must be given to the prevention of down-drafts from large windows, walls, ceilings and skylights. Hand in hand with special down- draft planning, however, must go good and tight construction, particularly in cold climates. A sim- ple down-draft prevention plan is indicated in Fig. 3 which is self-explanatory. The entrances must be well protected to prevent objectionable cold in-drafts. This is of particular importance in a high building, if the banking room communicates directly with elevator shafts, stair wells, etc. There is in every building when being heated a so-called neutral zone. Below this zone the pressure within the building is less than the outside pressure, and above this zone the pressure within the building is more than the pressure surrounding the building. These pressure conditions, which are graphically shown in Fig. 4, result in an inward rush of air below the neutral zone and an outward rush of air above the neutral zone. If a rather extreme case be taken of say a building having 10,000,000 cubic feet contents, we find the air inside the building if at 70° temperature weighs 749.4 tons; a similar amount of air at zero tempera- ture surrounding the building, however, weighs 863.5 tons, the difference being 114.1 tons. The air in the building is being kept from moving upward by the outside walls, windows and ceilings. It is, there- fore, of great importance to be extremely generous with the heating surfaces for the entrances. The re- volving door is almost unavoidable, and if storm doors and radiators are used they will take care of the severest conditions. Frequently radiators are objectionable, and indirect heat must be used. If so, it is well to provide for entrance heating a separate Down-Draft Prevention Scheme Fig. 3. small fan, operating under high pressure, with steam coils arranged for sectional control. Heat and Power Supply Some 25 years ago almost all large bank buildings had their own power plants, utilizing the exhaust steam from power generation for heating. Coal was cheap at that time and electric current high, and it was altogether the most economical proposition. Wherever a bank building can be heated by street steam or from outside sources, it should be done. Most of the large bank buildings in lower New York have used street steam supply for years. If, how- ever, a power plant is to be installed, it should be carefully kept away from all underground working spaces, safe deposit vaults, etc. If this is not done the waste heat will seriously affect these spaces, re- ducing the efficiency of the workers to such an ex- tent as to dissipate many times the small saving effected by having a power plant. Working Spaces below Ground There is at present a decided tendency in many large banks in the great cities to locate workrooms, security transfer departments, bookkeepers, etc., immediately below the ground floor, in other words, in spaces where there are no windows and where all ventilation must be secured by artificial means. Too much emphasis cannot be laid upon the fact that if building conditions require underground working spaces the least the bank can do is to provide the best artificial ventilation that can be procured. Architects should strive to secure as high rooms as possible and to make the problem of the ventilating engineer no more difficult than absolutely necessary. |-- 3. g -> * := § wa- - O # = * § { : º F & - Hº C º § Sää * *: 9 :: * 5 * : * t- O º: p Sº º U- O º -, * 5 - - ** s: ; := 2. As ©º 8 t- º § s : º S. * * O - NEUTRAL ZONE NEUTRAL & zoNE - - - - - * i a * Sº -: ** O Sº S º s § § s & & § Fig. 4. Sectional Diagram of Office Building Indicating Different Pressures above and below a Neutral Zone 304 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM The number of air changes to be provided will vary with the climatic conditions, because the ventilation is always judged by the temperature conditions maintained. Generally speaking, it will be found that foraroom 11 feet high about ten changes per hour are desir- able for cities like New York or Philadelphia. These changes may be reduced 25 per cent for average northern locations, and should be increased at least 25 per cent for southern locations. It is still more important to follow scrupulously the suggestions made heretofore for air inlet locations, and in addi- tion all possibilities of heat increase to air supply in ducts and flues must be avoided. Safe Deposit Vaults, Etc. The general remarks made under “underground rooms” as to air changes pertain to vault ventila- tion, excepting that physical difficulties make vault ventilation somewhat more difficult. A ventilating system for a vault must not interfere with the safety, fire—and waterproofing features of the vault. This re- quirement means each day a 17-hour interruption in the service of the ventilating system. Over Sun- days and holidays the vault may be without any air change for 40 hours or longer. As doors in vaults must be absolutely air—and watertight, the venti- lating ducts must be disconnected and no air move- ment whatever takes place. It is natural that the air in a large vault will be oppressive when it is opened. The problem is therefore always to bring into the vault a very large amount of air to flush out the smells created by paper money, books and bonds, the latter two producing a particularly disagreeable odor from the glue used in the bindings. Very small vaults should be provided with disc fans so arranged as to discharge air out of the vaults into the sur- rounding spaces. A very simple and effective venti- lating system for a medium sized vault is to locate an air supply register opposite the main door, which will discharge about 1,000 cubic feet of air per min- ute at about 10-foot velocity per second. This veloc- ity is more than sufficient to drive the fresh air into the vault and out of the emergency door. The ex- haust register over the emergency door removes the air as it is driven out of the vault. In larger vaults it becomes necessary to have an air-distributing sys- tem inside, this duct being connected by hinged joints over the door. Artificial Cooling In view of the ever-increasing use of underground working spaces, the constant demands for more comfort, and the continuous striving for better working conditions to secure not only health but with it more accurate and quicker work, there would seem to be little doubt that artificial cooling will be more and more used in the future. The re- frigeration work, now being mostly done by elec- tricity, is not a matter of very great expense, be- cause electrical current can now be had almost anywhere at low cost. The required condensing water is practically all used again in most cases for domestic purposes. The provision of artificial cool- ing, however, does not mean that precautions to prevent engine and boiler room and smoke flue waste heat can be disregarded. Indeed, more care than ever should be taken to keep heat nuisances away from cooled rooms, and thus secure cooling at a minimum cost of operation and installation. The temperature of the cooled rooms must bear some relation to the outside temperature, for a con- stant inside temperature of 70° when the outside is varying between 70° and 92° is neither required nor healthy. The room should be cooled to give it a feeling of freshness and coolness, and no more. - In order to show what proportions an artificial cooling plant may assume, a few words of descrip- tion of the plant in the most important financial in- stitution of our country, the New York Stock Ex- change, of which Trowbridge & Livingston are archi- tects, may be of interest. The building has 6,000,000 cubic feet. Artificial cooling has been provided for the board rooms, for stock and bond trading on the ground floor, and for stock clearing corporation quarters, vaults, coupon booths, barber shop and banking rooms in basement and sub-basement. The board rooms have 1,500,000 cubic feet of contents. The stock clearing corporation quarters, the vaults, coupon booths, barber shops and banking room in basement and sub-basement have 1,000,000 cubic feet contents. The board room population alone consists of 1,650 persons in constant movement and usually under the maximum of nervous tension. The heat emission of this number of persons in the board room is fully equal to that of the same number of hard working laborers. The board rooms have 21,- 000 square feet of floor area, giving 12.6 square feet per person, as compared to standard school practice of 20 square feet per person. In addition to the heat from this source, there is an unprecedented volume of 1,500,000 cubic feet of compressed air per hour, at well over 100° temperature in hot summer weather discharged into the board room from a very com- plicated pneumatic tube system which is installed for handling messages. As a comparison, let it be said that the average compressed air capacity for pneumatic service of the largest hotel is only about 18,000 cubic feet per hour. The necessity of an ade- quate supply of fresh and cooled air is self-evident. The air is cooled by four brine cooling bunkers con- taining 47,000 lineal feet of 194-inch galvanized iron pipe. Two of these bunkers are located on the fifth floor, 90 feet above the sidewalk. They are used for the board rooms, located above street level. One bunker is located 30 feet below the sidewalk, and another 62 feet below the sidewalk. These bunkers are used in connection with the basement and sub- basement spaces. The brine is circulated by four pumps, each driven by a 40-h.p. motor. The re- frigerating machines themselves are located three or four floors below the sidewalk and have a capacity of 750 tons, driven by four motors of 1,600 h.p. ca- pacity, current supplied from central station. JUNE, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 84 ----------------- . * - o - ** scALE H+++++++ Feer -º-º-º-tº avºie BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SEATTLE NATIONAL BANK, SEATTLE DOYLE & MERRIAM, ARCHITECTS JUNE, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM PLATE 85 | º - º º º - º - º - - . . . . . . . . - º - - º º º º - º - º GENERAL INTERIOR VIEW Type of construction. Reinforced concrete frame and floor system; brick filled walls Exterior materials Marble Interior materials. Marble floors; lower portions of walls, columns and screen travertine; upper portions artificial travertine; counter and check desk tops, black and gold marble Windows. Steel sash Counter screens. Travertine, marble, drawn bronze and glass Vault and safe deposit provision. Security, book, storage and safe deposit vaults; electric pro- tection Special departments. Bond and safe deposit de- partments . . . . i. - Type of lighting. Indirect ...*...... .º. º Heating and ventilating. Forced blast, washed air, thermostatic control Date of general contract. July, 1921 Total building cost. $450,000 Cubic foot cost. 60 cts. - - - ==== reer º- - scal E SECOND FLOOR PLAN SEATTLE NATIONAL BANK, SEATTLE DOYLE & MERRIAM, ARCHITECTS : GENERAL EXTERIOR VIEW CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK, COVINGTON, VA. ALFRED C. BOSSOM, ARCHITECT BANKING ROOM CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK COVINGTON, VA. Illustration on Plate 86 Type of construction. Fireproof Exterior materials. Cast stone Interior materials. Marble, plaster and bronze Windows. Wood Counter screens. Bronze and marble Type of lighting. Direct Heating. Low pressure steam Total building cost $160,000, includ- ing vault SCALE OF FEET o 5 10 15 FIRST FLOOR PLAN JUNE, 1923 FORUM PLATE 87 THE ARCHITECTURAL Fireproof construction; Exterior, Marble; Interior, Marble, mahogany and ornamental plaster; Win- dows, Steel sash and frames; Counter screens, Marble, bronze and mahogany; 450 safe deposit boxes; Book and storage vaults; Lighting, Direct and indirect; Heating, Steam; Date of general con- tract, February, 1921; Cost, $100,497.77; Cubic foot cost, 65 cts. | GENERAL VIEW OF EXTERIOR nº ºc top-f ploo M. or fict ºf confu, TATION | J. PACE i D.O.O.M. 9 * in q Q_oo M. | [] public rpact WeſTlbult woº wing - I--- Q-OOM DOO, WAULT book ºf Eping + J pact .. H. Lapier - - Ploom [-] A ſcaltº-2–2–4–4–2 frtſ FIRST AND MEZZANINE FLOOR PLANS NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, AUGUSTA, GA. MOWBRAY & UFFINGER, ARCHITECTS : BANK ENTRANCE Type of construction, Fireproof; Exterior material, Limestone; Interior ma- terial, Marble; Windows, Steel sash; Counter screens, Bronze and marble; Type of lighting, Direct; Heating, Steam. MACHINERY UNITED SAVINGS BANK, DETROIT ALBERT KAHN, ARCHITECT scALE of FEET O ~ 1C 2O *O 40 BASEMENT PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN VIEW OF FRONT FACADE Vault Protection By FREDERICK S. HOLMES, Bank Vault Engineer, New York principles of vault design remained unchanged. Great progress was made by increasing thick- nesses and weights, and in refining construction details, but as no new destructive forces had made their appearance during that time, and as all then known methods of attack had been successfully met, safe and vault work at the end of that period was of practically the same general character as at the beginning. A few years ago, however, the invention, per- fection and wide commercial adoption of the oxy- acetylene cutter-burner brought about a revolu- tion in the industry; constructions which previous to that time would have resisted attack for many hours, fell in value to an equal number of minutes. This menace, however, was soon met by the inven- tion and production of various kinds of metals and materials, singly and in combination, which suffi- ciently resisted the flame, and while in general the time value of the new constructions was less per dollar of cost, the designer and manufacturer felt that the problem had been solved. Matters remained in this condition, however, only for a short time, for a further discovery was made by experimenters who were endeavoring to further extend the com- mercial adaptability of the acetylene torch, and Fº more than a generation the fundamental while this discovery has had, so far at least, little value in either the arts or sciences, it can be readily used as a burglarious device. It consists in a combination of the torch with a so-called flux- ing rod, and no material nor combination of materials has thus far been found immune to its action. The almost immediate influence of the develop- ment of this torch was reactionary and to the detri- ment not only of the vault manufacturing business, but even more so to the purchasers of new work, because there prevailed the mistaken belief that metals had been rendered valueless for purposes of protection, and that reinforced concrete in exces- sive thicknesses must take their place. The in- dustry paused for but a brief period while research was made for an answer to a question seemingly more difficult than that raised by the initial intro- duction of the use of the torch. Not one, but many quite satisfactory replies have been made in the form of combinations of metals or metals and ma- terials which do not actually stop the action of this new process, but so retard it as to make its use in burglary a negligible factor. These remarks apply equally to large and ex- pensive constructions for urban institutions and to the installations made in small country banks. All Entrance to Main Security Vault, Federal Reserve Bank, New York Combination locks and bolt-throwing mechanism on the jamb: time lock in center of door; all bolt-operating mechanism concealed Frederick S. Holmes, Vault Engineer 305 306 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM must expect to pay considerably more for any given time protection than was necessary a few years ago, and this handicap will probably be found so great in many instances that the designer cannot pro- duce fully satisfactory results. There is, however, one grain of satisfaction, provided advantage is taken of the use of the new materials even to a limited extent, in the fact that the materials will produce vaults so much stronger than most exist- ing structures as to provide a relatively high degree of security. Since the torch or torch and rod combination has come into use it has been comparatively easy to cut a manhole section through a vault lining, to push the core into the vault and then to climb through the hole; the addition of anti-cutting materials very materially lengthens the time consumed in such an operation, but still leaves the method as the most practical way of entering even modern vaults. It is evident that the erection of a barrier or buttressing element upon the inside of a vault lining would pre- vent the pushing of the cut section into the vault. It is also evident that if the vault lining were firmly and at frequent intervals anchored to this buttress- ing work it could not be pulled out, but further time-consuming operations must be conducted to remove the manhole slab, either by cutting it up into small pieces or by getting openings behind it and using large quantities of explosives to break the anchorage and blow it out, and then to complete º : º - - the manhole through the buttress. Recent vaults are being built in this manner, and while the inner wall is of comparatively inexpensive construction, being composed of beams, anchors and concrete work, because of its function it is probably worth more per dollar of cost than any other element of the design. A word about the falling value of reinforced con- crete for protection purposes other than as a resis- tant to heat and to falling bodies should be included. Architects and laymen alike are impressed with the known strength of this material for general con- struction purposes. This impression is strengthened as they note its resistance to drill, chisel and explo- sives where demolition is being carried on or changes made in seasoned material, and it has been natural enough to think of it as an ideal material for vaults. Its adoption for this purpose is country-wide, and dependence has been placed exclusively upon it in a great many instances. Previous to the appearance of the torch there was much to be said in favor of such work, particularly if the walls were thick and contained heavy section reinforcement. All such members, however, once exposed are readily cut by the burner; the difficulty heretofore has been to free them from the concrete. The use of the hand chisel and hammer, of whatever weight, is slow; pneumatic tools are not in the burglar's line, neither are explosive charges sufficiently heavy to effect requisite disruption within a brief period; but | º > | | • º º 2 - | º s - º º E. s º - || || º & & Entrance to Safe Deposit Vault, Addition to National Shawmut Bank, Boston Bolt-throwing mechanism exposed on inner face of door Parker, Thomas & Rice, Architects; Benjamin F. Tripp, Vault Engineer June, 1923 307 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM electrical chisels approxi- mating the power of heavy pneumatics are on the mar- ket, and still heavier chisels are to follow. These are burglars' tools, and of course electrical current is to be had in all banks. With them concrete is rapidly cleared away and light reinforcement is cut; where the members are heavy the torch can be substituted; little skill is required in the use of such instruments, and the ham- mer noises can be effec- tually blanketed. There are indeed some designs of reinforced walls that are easily penetrated with hand hammer and chisel alone, and where neither other equipment nor skill is nec- essary to cut through them. Modifications of door construction have followed rather closely the changes in the wall designs, in- creasing thickness in the cheaper grades of work being almost universal. This is made necessary be- cause a balanced construction requires that the door should resist simple penetration at one or two points at critical locations opposite locking devices, for the same length of time that is required to cut a manhole through the vault lining. Hinge and pressure mechanism, bolt work, time and combination locks and connections, and other related details have undergone little change in recent years, except as they may have been made heavier and somewhat simplified in design, have received more workmanlike attention, and have acquired a better finish. In some instances the com- bination locks, dogging and bolt-throwing mecha- nism have been transferred from the door proper to the door frame; this leaves a solid door without spindle holes and makes it necessary to penetrate the door opposite the timelock, and the frame oppo- site the combinations, and so prolongs the time of attack. - For many years it was found practicable to open doors held locked by failure of their mechanism by the use of long instruments through a small hole in the vault's walls, even at some distance from the bolt work. This small opening could be made in much less time than would be required for the making of a manhole; the value of the work was lessened proportionally by this difference in time, so that in many vaults of modern construction the combination locks, dogging devices and bolt- throwing mechanism, and occasionally the time- lock as well, are protected against this sort of manipulation by being protected by heavy steel plates so placed as to be not readily reached. One of Seven Vaults in the Federal Reserve Bank, Boston All mechanism for bolt-throwing concealed R. Clipston Sturgis, Architect; Benjamin F. Tripp, Vault Engineer More and more, steps or rebates at the door joints are being lengthened or done away with en- tirely, for the perfectly good reason that each re- bate provides a seat against which explosives may act to blow out the door. The complete elimination of the steps has a double value; such a joint offers no resistance in or out to explosives, and the re- sulting smooth surface is far more impressive and suggestive of strength than is the case when the eye must jump from one break to another. It is of course necessary to retain the so-called striker sec- tion at the inside corner of the door for the purpose of holding a waterproofing gasket, but as the door need not strike directly against this rebate, and as the gasket offers little resistance to explosive force, it in no way interferes with the inflowing gases. The long established custom of building vaults upon their own foundations and practically not connected with any building construction is still considered best, although departures from this principle are allowable where it seems necessary to support a vault upon the building framing if suffi- cient reinforcements are provided to compensate for falling loads as well as static weights, and if the framing, columns, etc., are so tied to the vault and provided with breaking joints outside the vault lines of such character as to insure, in the event of serious distortion to the frame, or building collapse, that the structural steel work included within the vault walls shall not tear out. Complete observation of all six sides of the vault structure is always to be desired. The exterior finish of a vault must depend largely upon its relation to the surrounding build- ing construction, but many vaults, particularly those used for safe deposit purposes, or where they might otherwise become unduly striking, are so merged into the interior decoration schemes that 308 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM this effect is largely lost, which is to be desired. Electrical protection is now so well known and so almost universally adopted that it seems auto- matically to take its place as one of the factors of vault protection. There are many systems on the market, some much better than others, but all of value, partly as real protection in the event of attack and partly as a prevention of attack. Oc- casionally two systems are used on the same vault, in which case each supervises the other. Intrinsically weak structures depend more upon electrical pro- tection because of their lack of inherent strength; but the electrical equipment should also be used upon the heaviest and strongest of vaults or at least upon their doors, as its presence acts to prevent the unauthorized opening of the vault by inside parties. The subject of vault ventilation, which in years gone by was almost entirely neglected, is now re- ceiving the attention that it deserves. The problem is quite different from that of ventilating a room, although until recently it has been treated in much the same way. A vault has no fenestration, and fre- quently but one door, and all of the heat units generated by the lighting system as well as those given off by people in the vault must be taken out by forced draft. This is best effected, where an emer- gency entrance is provided, by opening this door into a pressure or plenum chamber and distributing the air inside the vault by suitable ducts over or beneath the interior equipment, liberating it at the dead ends of transepts or other similar locations and allowing it to find its way out through the main entrance and picking it up just outside the vault by a ceiling exhaust register. If the vault is large and the building pressure low, it may be best to put the vault on a separate system with a high pressure fan on the outside, or to use a booster just inside the vault. If the vault is double and has two entrances, one to a security division and a second to a safe deposit department, a satisfactory ventilating scheme is frequently ob- tained by using a push and pull fan between the two compartments, drawing the air in through one door to the ends of transepts or other similar places, and delivering it under pressure from similar loca- tions in the opposite side of the vault. If there is but one entrance to the vault and the interior is of any considerable size, a sectional duct may be secured to the underside of the foot plate bridging the door- way, where automatic connection may be made both inside and outside, and air forced in and liberated at the ends of aisles to be exhausted through the door- way. If the vault is exceptionally large, a combina- tion system of supply and exhaust may be installed through an emergency or ventilating entrance, the location of the delivery and exhaust registers being determined by the interior equipment. To sum up, 50 years ago the whole matter was not much more than a job for a blacksmith; today it is a highly specialized and diversified engineering prop- osition, and should be so considered and treated. Entrance to Safe Deposit Vault, National Commercial Bank & Trust Co., Albany Surface of door and frame of polished steel; lowering platform in front York & Sawyer, Architects; Frederick S. Holmes, Vault Engineer The Reduction of Noise in Banks and Offices By CLIFFORD M. SWAN, S.B., A.M. Consulting Engineer, New York WO officials of a well known institution in New York were recently walking in earnest converse through the corridors of their new building. They were surrounded by the usual babel of echo- ing sound common to such public spaces, and were, moreover, unpleasantly conscious of their own voices reflected back upon them, making both speaking and hearing difficult and uncomfortable. They stepped through a door into a department on a large open floor, when suddenly it seemed as if a blanket had been thrown over their heads shutting off all sound. They stopped in sheer amazement until it dawned upon them that the ceiling of this department had been covered with material in- tended to absorb the sound and produce just the condition of quiet noted. The contrast in conditions was impressive, much like that experienced when a train emerges from the subway onto an open via- duct. Conversation could be carried on without strain, and the usual sounds of the office were min- imized to an unbelievable degree. The two officials received a practical demonstration of the work which they had previously approved on theoretical grounds such as no verbal description had ever conveyed to them. The quieting of offices and workrooms is a com- paratively recent development of technical science. Following logically as a result of the acoustical re- searches of the late Prof. Wallace C. Sabine of Har- vard University, it has been welcomed alike by of— fice managers, efficiency experts, welfare workers and physicians as a necessary factor in the conser- vation of human energy, quite as important as problems of heating, lighting and ventilation. The amount of noise developed in a bank, office build- ing, hospital, or restaurant of fireproof construc- tion is far greater than is perhaps commonly appre- ciated. The modern city dweller becomes so accus- tomed to life in the midst of a continual racket that often he does not realize how aggravated is the con- dition, nor what a drain on the nervous system is involved. - The interior finish of a first class, fireproof build- ing consists chiefly of materials such as concrete, hard plaster, marble, stone, terrazzo and glazed tile. Wood, even for trim and furniture, is largely barred, and in its place metal is now used. When a sound wave strikes such surfaces, only a small fraction of the energy is absorbed, and the major portion of the sound is reflected. Hence, when any sound is produced, it is reflected back and forth from surface to surface many hundred times before it is so far absorbed that it cannot be heard. Such a process consumes several seconds of time, and nat- urally all other sounds produced in that period add their energy to the first and to one another, so that the result is a piling up of sound, making it many times louder than would be the case if the rever- beratory condition did not exist. Thus the usual of fice noises, such as proceed from typewriters, adding machines, telephone bells and conversation, and from street noises entering from outside, are all magnified into a great din. The mind apparently becomes accustomed to all this noise by eliminating it from the waking con- sciousness, just as a man can become so absorbed in thought as not to be aware of a person's speaking to him. Psychologists tell us that the sound registers on the subconscious mind, however, and produces its effect just as surely as if we were aware that we had heard it. There is no escape from the action of the noise on the brain and nervous system. The re- sult inevitably is fatigue, lessened powers of con- centrated and accurate thinking, and a general lowering of efficiency. This is harmful alike to the health of the workers and the good of the business. Anything which will absorb sound will, if intro- duced into a room such as described, tend to im- prove conditions by diminishing the amount of re- verberation and so the volume of noise. The clothing of employes acts in this direction, but is not enough to correct it. Heavy hangings, rugs, carpets and upholstered furniture do the same, but of course are not usually practicable excepting in private offices. The remedy must, therefore, lie in the application of absorbent materials to walls or ceilings, usually the latter. Such materials fall in two classes, struc- tural materials such as acoustical tile or plaster, and corrective materials like hair felt which must be covered with a concealing fabric of one type or another. Both classes have their advantages and their limitations. Architecturally, the most interesting of these sub- stances are the tile, brick or block manufactured in such a way as to have a structure of intercommuni- cating interstices of suitable sizes which permit the sound to penetrate and be absorbed. The principle was worked out by the joint researches of the late Prof. Sabine” and Mr. Guastavino. Several types of tile and artificial stone are now on the market and are being used with excellent results, being ex- cellent sound-absorbers. Since in office quieting work they must usually be placed upon the ceiling, they naturally lend themselves from an architec- tural standpoint rather to vaulted forms of design than to flat ceilings, but they can, if desired, be per- fectly well used on the latter. Use is often made of acoustical plaster, which was the next result of the research following the two materials just de- scribed. Such plaster has thus far been used only to a limited extent in practice. It is considerably more expensive than ordinary plaster, and its use requires *“Collected Papers on Acoustics,” Wallace C. Sabine, Harvard Univer. sity Press, pp. 207-209; also The Brickbuilder, January, 1914. 309 310 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 exceedingly careful supervision and faithful carry- ing out of instructions in order to insure its proper application in a way to produce efficient results. Other materials have frequently appeared on the market with fantastic and misleading claims to acoustical value. It is well to note that the only genuine basis on which such a claim can legitimately rest is the sound-absorbing quality, and that this depends not only on the degree of porosity, but also upon the fact that the pores must communicate with each other and be of approximately uniform size. In other words, it must have a structure much like a sponge of very fine texture. Probably the most popular material for office quieting is hair felt.* If such a felt is made of per- fectly clean, pure cattle hair, well matted, it is odor- less, permanent and efficient. Nor is it inflammable as are vegetable fibers. In thickness, it should be normally 1 inch. There is no advantage to be gained by using a greater thickness, as this would increase the absorption only for the lower pitches which are seldom a factor in acoustical problems. For the sake of appearance, the felt must be concealed from view by a covering of some sort of fabric which will not reflect sound striking it, and which will har- monize with the architectural features, the deco- ration and the furnishings of the room. For in- stance, in a lofty banking room, with ornamental plaster ceiling and stone walls, a beautiful effect can be obtained by hanging pads of felt against the walls with tapestries over them. In the average bank or business office, however, the spaces which are most in need of quieting treat- ment are those devoted to typewriters, addresso- graphs, adding machines, telegraph instruments, and other noise-producing devices, or those in which a great degree of quiet is essential, such as telephone switchboard and conference rooms. These are usually situated on floors with height not greatly over 12 feet and little wall space, so that the ceiling is clearly indicated as the necessary location for the quieting treatment. The felt can readily be applied to the ceiling, but a difficulty arises in deciding upon an efficient covering. If muslin or canvasis stretched over the felt and then painted to simulate a plaster surface, the membrane loses its porosity and be- comes stiff and reflects a large proportion of the short wave lengths or high pitched sounds which are characteristic of office noises. The heavier the cloth and the paint the greater is the reduction in effi- ciency. This effect is not as marked for the sound of the voice, but the click of a typewriter or adding machine is reflected with almost undiminished in- tensity. On the other hand, if the muslin is not painted, but dyed to the desired color, then the po- rosity and absorption are left unimpaired, but the surface soils rapidly on account of the constant cir- culation of dust-laden air through it, and soon be- comes unsightly. Recently a membrane has appeared which solves the difficulty. The painted cloth was satisfactory for all but high pitched sounds; by the simple device of perforating the cloth with holes suitably sized and spaced, the penetrability of the membrane for these sounds is restored and the absorbing power of the treatment is as great as with uncovered felt. Such a membrane can be painted with any kind of paint without impairing its efficiency as long as the holes are not filmed over. Such a ceiling, of course, shows a pattern composed of rows of small polka dots, but the effect is not unpleasing, and the light reflection is not greatly diminished. It is, at the present time, the most satisfactory solution of the problem as far as treating noisy offices is concerned, and has been adopted for extensive use in the new buildings of the Federal Reserve Bank, New York, of the Union Trust Co., Cleveland, and other large institutions. A word should be said regarding the layout of offices with regard to the acoustical problem. In general, a large open floor is preferable as a work- ing space rather than a number of small offices sep- arated by partitions. Not only are the ventilation and the accessibility of such an arrangement better, but the space is much more readily quieted by the ceiling treatment than in a small office where the ceiling forms a smaller proportion of the total in- terior surface. Noise-producing instruments should, as far as possible, be segregated and isolated in de- partments by themselves in order to reduce the ex- pense of installing quieting treatment. There is no objection, however, to scattered machines on an open floor, provided the ceiling has received treat- ment as a whole, but this, of course, is not as eco- nomical an arrangement. Single machines, in small offices, should be of the so-called noiseless variety. Individual offices and conference rooms may either be divided off by solid tile and plaster par- titions or by wood and glass extending upward all or part of the distance to the ceiling. Such rooms with walls of the full height are treated as individual units; those whose partitions do not reach the ceil- ing must be considered in their relation to contig- uous offices or floor spaces. If the distance between the tops of the partitions and the ceiling is much greater than 1 foot, there can be little isolation, as sounds will carry in a direct air path over the tops of the partitions, regardless of the nature of the ceiling. With only a small gap near the ceiling, how- ever, and with absorptive treatment on the ceiling, little sound will pass over, and a considerable de- gree of privacy will be established. Such an arrange- ment is often desirable on account of the superiority of ventilation over the fully enclosed office. It is manifestly impossible in a short article to do more than outline the general problems of bank and office noise and the ways in which they are met. Similar problems exist in hospitals, restaurants, in- door gymnasiums, swimming pools, shooting ranges, bowling alleys, and the like. Often there are com- plications, such as sound transmitted through walls or floors. Like all technical problems, the various cases which arise must be the subject of expert study in order to arrive at their adequate solutions. * “Collected Papers on Acoustics,” pp. 157-161. The Fifty-Sixth Convention of the A.I.A. MAY 16, 17 AND 18, 1923, WASHINGTON of the progressive spirit and growing influence of architects. The Institute may well feel proud of the success which has attended its efforts to secure a wider representation of American archi- tects in its membership. The new members secured in 1922 totaled 271, making a membership of 2,714 at the opening of the convention. The quota of dele- gates to membership was reduced last year 50 per cent, so that the conventions would not become un- wieldy, and with this reduction there was an at- tendance of delegates and members totaling 244. By action of this convention this reduced represen- tation has been made permanent. The work of linking the members of the Institute together has been furthered by holding meetings of the board during the past year in different sections of the country, and with the directors elected this year the recently inaugurated plan of regional dis- tribution of directors has been completed. This will tend to encourage the holding of smaller regional conventions where local problems can be discussed fully and their nature brought to the Institute at large through the attendance of the board. Such a regional meeting was recently held at Charleston, in which delegates from four of the southern chap- ters participated. It will perhaps surprise no one to hear that the subject of competitions was of major importance in the convention, because it is always discussed where architects gather. A step has now been taken, how- ever, which may eventually settle this moot topic. The conflicting and varied state and municipal reg- ulations governing competitions have become ap- parent, and it is realized that the Institute cannot effectively lay down principles for the guidance of its members that will be fair to them in considera- tion of the many architects who are not obligated to follow Institute procedure, when legal procedure re- garding competitions is so far from being standard. The note of progress in this convention was there- fore the beginning of an attempt to frame a law governing competitions that it is hoped will be adopted by the various state and municipal govern- ments. This naturally entails a large amount of study, and it presents an opportunity of giving serious consideration to the various proposals that have been made by several chapters from time to time in the past. The Institute has been successful in the legislative work it has undertaken with regard to architects' registration, and success in standard- izing competition procedure will go a long way in removing the difficulties which many architects honestly enough find in the way of their becoming Institute members. In compliance with the trend of the hour the In- T. convention at Washington gave evidence stitute is giving attention to industrial relations. Architects generally have come to realize that their traditional policy of aloofness in the differences be- tween employers and employes is not constructive, and that because of their neutral, professional posi- tion they are in a position to lend help and advice to a situation that calls for clear thinking and honest, man-to-man dealing. Results of architects’ active interest in industrial relations are already evidenced by active movements to recruit apprentices to the building trades on a permanent basis in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and some of the cities of the Pacific coast. This work is being carried out by local groups, chiefly organized under the principles of the Building Congress, in which representatives of all the elements of the building industry, including labor, come together on an equal footing. These groups are serving to dispel the distrust and sus- picion that have too long retarded the industry, and their success should stimulate architects in other cities to meet their local problems in a similar 111a1111621. In this same field is the National Board of Juris- dictional Awards, for which the Institute was largely responsible. There has persisted a feeling in parts of the country where open shop conditions prevail that the Institute exceeded its authority in requiring architects in writing specifications to be governed by the board's decisions with regard to the sub- divisions of contracts. Repeated interpretations that the decisions were effective only in territories where building operations are carried on under agreements between organized employers and labor unions were not sufficient, and now, largely at the insistence of southern California, a statement to this effect has been definitely adopted as governing members of the Institute. Ernest J. Russell, who has so well served the Institute as its representative on the board and also as the president of the jurisdictional board, tendered his resignation at the convention. Mr. Russell was accorded hearty thanks for his long and untiring efforts, and it is sincerely hoped that a man of similar tact and good judgment will be found to carry on the work he has so ably established. The work of the Structural Service Committee, which has been expanding rapidly during the few years of its existence, has demonstrated the need for such service as it renders architects. A year ago the Producers' Section was inaugurated, by which such manufacturers of building materials as desired might co-operate with the committee and receive its advice with regard to their advertising and other sales efforts directed to the architect. The Committee on the Preservation of Historic Monuments reported the successful restoration of a small portion of the Fine Arts Building of the Co- lumbian Exposition in Chicago. During the conven- tion news was received that the South Park Com- 311 312 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM missioners, of Chicago, had decided in favor of re- storing the entire building, and thus the efforts of the Chicago chapter, in which George Maher has taken so long an active part, have been rewarded. It is hoped that the restoration will be worthy of the efforts of those who have saved the building. Preliminary steps were taken at this convention looking to the restoration of the “Octagon,” the Institute's headquarters, and for the development of the property to provide an assembly hall and ex- hibition gallery large enough for Institute and simi- lar society purposes in Washington. Plans are being carefully developed, and the opportunity for criti- cism and suggestions will be open to every Institute member before they are accepted. Final action on the scheme is deferred till the 1924 convention. During the discussion of the “Octagon” problem announcement was made of the gift to the Institute of $5,000 by the Associated Architects of Los Angeles for the restoration and furnishing of the drawing room. This will make possible the restoration of the room to be made adequately and to reflect again the dignity it possessed when the house was temporarily the official residence of President Madison. The Associated Architects of Los Angeles, it is interest- ing to note, is a group of Institute members who have formed a working agreement to design the public buildings of Los Angeles and thus give to the city the benefit of the best architectural advice. Profits resulting from their commissions are applied to educational or other works to advance the cause of architecture. - The officers of the Institute elected for 1924 are: President, William B. Faville, San Francisco. First Vice-president, N. Max Dunning, Chicago. Second Vice-president, William Stanley Parker, Boston. Secretary, Edwin H. Brown, Minneapolis. Treasurer, D. Everett Waid, New York. Directors for the third, fifth and eighth regional districts, respectively, are: Clarence C. Zantzinger, Philadelphia. C. Herrick Hammond, Chicago. William E. Fisher, Denver. The closing event of the convention was the ban- quet and pageant at the Lincoln Memorial in con- nection with the presentation of the gold medal to Henry Bacon, F.A.I.A. Never in the history of the Institute, and perhaps never in the entire his- tory of American art, was there a more impressive or inspiring occasion. The Lincoln Memorial has within the few short years of its existence become a shrine of American patriotism, and it was highly fitting that on its broad steps and terraces the trib- ute of his fellow architects and the tribute of the American people, represented by the president of the nation, should be given the author of its design. It is without any reservation the noblest monument of modern times, and it was a truly noble outpour- ing of affection and praise that the gathering of 500 architects, sculptors, painters and other representa- tives of the arts paid Mr. Bacon. The banquet was held in a large, gayly lighted tent spread at the eastern end of the lagoon in front of the memorial. Special robes of blue, orange, green, light and dark red were supplied to the guests, those at each table being of the same color. Gorgeous ban- ners representing the various Institute chapters, architectural schools and clubs were grouped at the ends of the tables. During the dinner the changing lights of closing dusk brought out the majesty and beauty of the memorial in the distance. At the close of the banquet an exceedingly gracious tribute was paid Mr. Bacon in the address by Royal Cortissoz. Upon a signal that President Harding had reached the memorial the progress of the pageant was be- gun. The president of the Institute with the dis- tinguished guests, Mr. Bacon, and his collaborators on the memorial, Daniel Chester French and Jules Guerin, boarded the barge of honor moored before the banquet tent. This simulated a Roman galley, with a huge red sail displaying the Institute seal, and on its deck a pedestal held burning green fire. To the slow cadence of ceremonial music by the Marine Band on the deck, the barge was drawn the length of the great lagoon, and there followed on either bank the robed guests with a brilliant banner marking every 20 feet or so. As the memorial was approached and those at the heads of the columns began mounting the steps leading to the memorial, the splendor and beauty of ancient Greece seemed to live again. Lights playing across the front of the memorial caught the brilliant robes and banners; the foreground was an intense black, and the huge seated figure of Lincoln stood out dark against a purple light which illumined the recesses of the great structure. The immense scale of the memorial was made evident when the figures of President Harding and Chief Justice Taft appeared between two of the columns as they started down the steps to meet the approaching barge. The majesty of the setting and the beauty of the brilliant, radiant colors against the deep shadows of the evening can best be conveyed by liking them to Walcott's water colors of ancient Roman festivals. The president and Chief Justice Taft occupied a box on the third tier of steps, and behind them and at either side were massed the banners. The guests were arranged in two large groups on the terrace immediately below. The president of the Institute introduced Chief Justice Taft who in turn introduced President Hard- ing. The president expressed the gratitude of the people for the efforts of Mr. Bacon and his collabora- tors in producing the memorial, and after gracious compliments to Mr. Bacon presented him with the gold medal. Mr. Bacon responded in a brief and simple manner, and thus was brought to a close an event that was inspiring to all who witnessed it. As a signal honor to Mr. Bacon it will be warmly cher- ished by him, but it marks no less a distinction to the entire profession, and architects may justly feel the thrill of accomplishment and the utmost in pub- lic recognition which the presence of the chief execu- tive of the nation bestowed upon their work. June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 55 Country ſouge Diming Rooms ~ at the ſampton Shopg PASTER walls finished in blue-green glaze, with beautiful old XVIII Cen- tury Italian doors form an interesting set- ting for this simple furniture adapted from the XVI Century Italian to the require- ments of a small dining room. Hand carved and hand made from dark toned, soft fin- ished walnut, the draw-top table and long sideboard have been designed for conve- nience as well as beauty of proportion and permanent value. We now have the largest collection of an- tiques, reproductions and adaptations in America, ranging from such simple, country house styles as this, to the most distinctive of hand carved furniture for the city home. This collection is arranged in the Hampton Exhibits to assist you and your clients in visualizing interior arrange- ments. Bamptomships 186ast 50% Street: - fating St.PattitkäCathtral Ilrºyolk : Drebration : Āntiquities. Furniture P º - - - º The Hampton Exhibits occupy this entire build- ing. No branches or associated companies. 56 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 2 N 2 |E - “Of all God's gifts to the sight of man, colour is the holiest, TODHUNTER M A N T E L PIECES FIREPLACE EQUIPMENT ſ the most divine, the most solemn. The purest and most thought- ful minds are those which love colour the most.” john Ruskin REYNOLDS. Viscount ALTHORP, AET. 4 (Althorp Park) Size of colour surface, 23 x 1734 inches Price, $10.00 - “Reproduction of a Pair of Early English Andirons in wrought iron with brass tops ExHIBITION OF ORIGINAL PIECES One of nearly 250 exact facsimiles in full colour of great paintings by great masters reproduced direct from the originals in the world's galleries and private collections. Your art dealer will show you The Medici Prints. An interesting shipment of antique wood and marble mantels, andirons, grates, firetools, etc., which Mr. Todhunter has been - - - personally collecting in England, has just arrived. What Is a Medici Print? If you will be good enough to let us know your requirements, with as full particulars as possible, we shall be pleased to send HE MEDICI SOCIETY EXISTS IN ORDER TO illustrations of suitable pieces | PUBLISH THE FINEST FACSIMILE COLOUR RE- - | PRODUCTIONS OF GREAT PAINTINGS-of which modern ARTHUR TODHUNTER. 414 MADISONAVE, NEW YORK || photographic methods are capable-AT THE LOWEST PRICE - - =|| COMMERCIALLY POSSIBLE. As to its success in fulfilling this programme the Society may quote MR. RALPH ADAMS cram, who, in the course of a recent statement concerning the primary necessity of training the general public in appreciation if we are to have artists to appreciate, says of The Medici Prints: “The power of a great picture is an eternal power. . . . Yet very few can go to Florence or Belgium, and a photograph means nothing except to those who have seen the originals. These new facsimiles are in a quite different class, and I cannot see why they should not serve a brilliantly useful purpose in bringing a great part of the vital beauty of the far original to those who cannot seek it out in its distant shrine. “It is astonishing how faithful is the reproduction. . . . I con- fess these colour-prints give me much of the poignant thrill of the originals. “It seems to me that these prints should be used in every school-room. A half-dozen would do in- calculable good in bringing a sense of beauty into the lives of children, and so help them to achieve a better standard of comparative values. “Of course all this applies equally well to the home . . . since these Medici Prints became available.” Send 25 cents (coin preferred but stamps accepted) for the complete illustrated Catalogue of THE MEDICI PRINTS: If desired the Society will attend to framing. The Medici Prints for its patrons. Correspondence is invited Publishers for the United States of THE BURLINGTON MAGAZINE FOR CONNOISSEURS, recognized as au- thoritative on questions of Art and Art History. Among the subjects dealt with are: Architecture. Arms and Armour, Bronzes, Oriental Carpets, Chinese Porcelain, Embroideries and Lace, Engravings, Fur- niture, Miniatures, Paintings, Sculpture...Silver and Pewter, Tapestries, etc. A Classified List will be sent on request. - - Illustrated. Published monthly. Per copy, $1.00; by the Elzner & Anderson, Architects; Ernest Haswell, Sculptor year, $9.00. Sample, 75 cents R O O K W O O D *::::se. The Medici Society of America T I L E S A N D POTT E R Y Book and Art Publishers used in the fountain and floor of a sun room 3% 745 Boylston Street, Boston THE ROOKWOOD POTTERY COMPANY Architectural Dept., Cincinnati, Ohio à § % N Z June, 1923 57 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM | Tºš charming group is not only representative of the superlative work of our late 18th Century American cabinet-makers but also of the discriminat- ing choice in design that characterizes all Kensington reproductions. The sideboard is an exact copy of an old New England piece, most entertainingly inlaid with the eagle, shield and star that mark it defi- nitely as American. The two-part dining table is as flexible as any modern form but infinitely more interesting and decorative; and the saddle-seat chairs, from an example in the Metropolitan Mu- Architects interested in completing WORK SHOPS EAST END AVENUE 79TH STREET American Hepplewhite Mahogamy Furniture, by Kensington nishings harmonious in both character and quality are cordially invited to avail themselves of the service of the Kensington Showrooms and staff Illustrated booklet F sent on request KENSINGTONº.(OMPANY DECORATIVE FURNITURE > ART OBJECTS NEW YORK seum, are as comfortable as they are delightful in line and proportion. Made by hand throughout of beautifully figured mahogany, and finished in the rich, mellow tones of old wood to withstand both heat and dampness, these pieces are as fine examples of the cabinet- maker's art as any age has produced, while practical considerations make them decidedly preferable to antiques. Kensington Furniture is made in all the decora- tive styles appropriate for American homes. the interiors they design with fur- WHOLESALE SHOWROOMS 14 EAST 32ND STREET 7TH FLOOR 58 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| H H = = = INTERIOR PORCH SALOON PASSENGERs' LOUNGE, CUNARD BUILDING BENJAMIN WISTAR MORRIS, ARCHITECT A replica of the Interior Porch illustrated above has recently been installed by this Company in the Display Rooms of The Archi- tects Samples Corporation, 101 Park Avenue, New York City MATTHEVVS BROTHERs MANUFACTURING COMPANY ARCHITECTURAL WooD work ESTABLISHED 1857 M. I. L. W. A U. K. E. E. 605 NORTH MICHIGANAVENUE 52 VANDERBILT AVENUE WISCONSIN CHICAGO NEW YORK CITY June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 59 othic stone carvings of the cleventh century, translated into silk . . The design for this Schumacher damask was taken from the interior of the famous Cathedral in Basel, Switzerland N a terrace high above the Rhine stands the ancient Cathedral of Basel. Consecrated in 1019, rebuilt in 1356 after the disastrous earth- quake of that year, this famous Cathedral was for centuries the center of the religious life of the surrounding country. Today it is the most in- teresting building in the city of Basel, its quaint stone carvings attracting the attention of artists and connoisseurs everywhere. º º … º º - º º: - º A few of the choicest carvings in this Cathe- - - e. dral have been adapted to silk and woven in º, º (3) France for the exclusive use of Schumacher in º ºg sº this country. In translating this unique composition from stone to silk the French weavers have kept the atmosphere of the original with remarkable fidelity. It would be difficult to find a more perfect piece of fabric weaving or one executed I JAQ …~AS- with a greater understanding of the spirit of Zºº Nº. º º º º º º º - º - - º - ſº Sºº ſº tºº tº * Nº. SUZ º the design. In this particular piece the design is in gold against a black background making a very effective combination. Motifs for Schumacher fabrics are selected by designers familiar with all sources of design. tº Many of these fabrics are imported from foreign zºº looms, others are woven by Schumacher in this lººººººº Yº *ś ºº: country. This wide variety permits a selection N Kº: 3) Sº º 3&º º $3&): appropriate for whatever decorative scheme is l- & *N º 2 in mind. - F. Schumacher & Co., Importers, Manu- facturers, Distributors to the trade only of Decorative Drapery and Upholstery Fabrics. 60 West 40th Street, New York. Offices in Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia. % - SGHUIMAGH8R, 82 GO 60 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF ANTIQUES REQUISITES FOR LIGHTING FIXTURES UNUSUAL Distinctive Furniture PANELED ROOMS SHOWROOMS : 154 EAST 55th STREET FACTORY: 340-342 EAST 38TH STREET NEW YORK INTERIORS TAPESTRIES The Vogue for Needlepoint Furniture was foreseen and provided for by the Bristol Company. Their extensive stock of fine upholstered furniture in- cludes Needlepoint Sofas, Love Seats, Chairs and Benches from the Golden Ages of French and English furniture. The illustrated Regency Chair covered in gros and petitpoint is one of a number of unusual pieces recently added to Bristol's comprehensive group of Needlepoint Upholstered Furniture. Modern Lounge Chair with loose seat and back cushions. Pattern - * 555. Height, 36 inches; width, 34 inches; depth, 33 inches. PHOTOGRAPHS We will gladly send photographs of furniture to in- terested architects and decorators, and welcome cor- respondence detailing their problems. Our facilities are also available for special work from the designs of architects or decorators. Upholstered Furniture excelling in quality of Materials Workmanship Design UR upholstered furniture will stand the care- ful scrutiny of architects and decorators on these three vital points. From the standpoint of design we take particular pride in producing furniture that merits use in some of the finest architectural interiors of the day as evidenced by installations both large and small. - SMITH & JONES Showrooms 216 East 37th Street New York, N. Y. 2 June, 1923 61 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Wºº an architect specifies Dutch Boy White-Lead and Flat- ting Oil for walls, ceilings and woodwork of rooms like this one, he lays a back- ground for an interior decorative scheme of special charm and beauty. Such a paint, either in pure white or tinted to suitable colors, gives a smooth, rich finish that reflects light evenly, softly, through- out the room. It is easy to apply, shows no laps or brush marks, and has un- usual spreading power. It lasts long and is easily cleaned and freshened by wash- ing with soap and water. NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CINCINNATI SAN FRANCISCO CLEVELAND BUFFALO CHICAGO ST. LOUIS JOHN T. LEWIS & BROS. CO., Philadelphia NATIONAL LEAD & OIL CO., Pittsburgh Products for utch Boy Interior Painting 62 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM % %) a |= M |\ WºSANAN º H/ſºlº Ti [Tº ºil 8%. A ſº \|A || || || % / int | - ſ WZZ /\\ W N | | º ń º “lſº % \ Ø // | -|is You Could Specify It Blindfolded—and Be Safe Tº was a time when architects designed heating systems and bath- tubs. Today they specify whatever make their judgment tells them is best. Judgment is worth more than creative ability when an article has been satis- factorily standardized. Today Curtis Woodwork has reached this point of refinement, as proved by the number of architects who auto- matically specify Curtis. Not only in beauty of line and exterior, but in material and workmanship, are the highest architectural standards carried Out. Curtis Woodwork is designed by Trowbridge & Ackerman, the New York architects. The Company that makes it has had 57 years' experience in producing good woodwork. You can always be sure of getting genuine Curtis Woodwork, for each CURTIS Woodwork See our advertising in Sweet's Catalog. The makers of Curtis Woodwork guarantee complete satisfaction to its users. “We’re not satisfied unless you are.” piece is trademarked “1866 Curtis.” There is no chance for an inferior imi- tation, similar in appearance but not in quality, to be slipped into your build- ing if you watch for this trademark. Free detail sheets, showing all the Curtis designs, will be mailed on re- quest to practising architects in our sales territory. The Curtis Companies’ Service Bureau 16 Curtis Building Clinton, Iowa Maintained by the Curtis manufacturing and distributing plants at: Minneapolis, Minn. Chicago, Ill. Detroit, Mich. Topeka, Kansas Clinton, Iowa Lincoln, Neb. Sioux City, Ia. Wausau, Wis. Sales offices in Pittsburgh, New York and Baltimore. º 3&º º | º Shutters C-1165 Window C-1024 June, 1923 63 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM HE rich sheen of wood paneled walls enameled and glazed in soft shades of green is an element of great beauty in Queen Anne interiors. Mod- ern architects are achieving results that compare favorably with the old work in beauty and enduring qualities. Impor- tant to the success of period finishing are the materials used. Use of Murphy Muronic Enamel and Enamel Undercoating will insure sur- faces of beauty that will be permanent Queen Anne Library. Residence of Mrs. Arthur Ryerson, Chicago Designed by David Adler and Henry Dangler Perpetuating the CŞpirit of Queen Amme's 70ay These illustrations are from the book “Eight Periods and Their Modern Adaptation.” A copy of this book will be sent you upon application. Queen Anne Doorway from Old English House and acquire richer tone with each passing year. The care and thought expended by the architect on the design of an interior deserve the use of finishing materials that have had character built into them from the experience of over half a century in varnish and enamel making. “EIGHT PERIODS AND THEIR MODERN ADAPTATION" 4 book which treats of the popular decorative periods and presents for the first time in definite form complete specifications for period wood finishes, will be mailed to any architect at his request Murphy Varnish Company NEWARK, º CHICAGO, N. J. - Aº. º ILL. The Dougall Varnish Company, Limited, Montreal Canadian Aſsociate 64 June, 1923 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM Exºsºsºsºsºsºs tº VW º XXX . (XX) (XX (XX . º | } () () (XX) % º Part of the Plymouth Group Danersk Furniture Authentic in details of design and finished in the rich tones of old wood The work of our American architects in the houses illustrated in this magazine is an inspiration to us as manufacturers of furniture. We wish that our furniture could be an inspiration to architects in return. It is certain that we are giving every waking moment to the study of our subject so that we can contribute to the harmony of interiors with the delightful architectural conceptions of today. Your interest in the houses you build surely does not end with the completion of the building. You can be of incalculable help to us if you will call at one of our exhibitions and become familiar with what we are doing. Your criticism of our designs, the tones of wood, the sizes for avail- able wall spaces, will result in our doing Tavern Table and Heath Wing Chair - - better things, and perhaps this first- hand knowledge on your part will con- tribute to your seeing furniture placed in the rooms you have designed that will give you greater pride in what you have done. 2 West 47th Street, New York 315 No. Michigan Avenue, Chicago 643 So. Olive Street, Los Angeles & 3ºsºsºsº Erskine-Danforth Corporation Sºśssº º-ºw. º June, 1923 ARCHITECTURAL FORUM 65 THE Architects: Barnett, Haynes & Barnett St. Louis Interior Finish: Wellston Planing Mill Co. St. Louis U N G E. G. A. T E S W O R T H H. O. T E L , S T . Free Literature for Architects Upon request: A new edition of “The Story of American Wal- nut,” a general treatise in popular form on the development of wal- nut through the ages; "Real Walnut Furniture,” an educa- tional folder for the public; and “American Walnut Specification Notes for Interior Woodwork,” a technical pamphlet for the architect and builder. º --> ºn ºn - - - . In the Modern Hotel A notable example of the beautiful effects which can be obtained by a liberal use of American Walnut for interior finish is this unique room in the recently completed Gatesworth Hotel, St. Louis. The room is one hundred and thirty-two feet long, its unusual shape giving it a very interesting vista from either entrance. The entire front is enclosed by four folding French doors, glazed with leaded glass. At the north end of the lounge, two similar sets of six folding French doors lead to the Tudor room and the main dining room. At the south end of the lobby two more sets of sixfolding French doors lead to the ballroom of the hotel. There are thirty-two pillars, eleven feet high, panelled with the finest American Wal- nut, specially selected for beauty of grain, with heavy moulded caps of walnut, and bases of green and white veined marble. All the walls in the lobby and loungeroom, as well asthetu- dor room, are panelled with the same walnut. The ceiling is of ornamental plaster, with hexagonal sunken panels, executed in antique gold and light brown enamel. The radiators and lighting fixtures are in dull gold, the latter with porcelain globes. In the daytime a sub- dued light falling among the panelled pillars suggests the dim beauty of some old cathedral. All of the heavily cushioned and brocaded furniture is of walnut, with heavy rugs and table runners to match the upholstery. The floor is highly polished oak. Architects and craftsmen today, like their masters of olden times, find in walnut the most versatile medium for the expression of their ideals of beauty or dignity, delicacy or strength, combining as it does the five-fold ad- vantages of being strong, stable, durable, beau- tiful and adaptable to carving or moulding. AMERICAN WALNUT MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION Room 1000 W E L V E O F 616 South Michigan Boulevard Chicago, Ill. A. S E R I E S 66 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 LAntiques These Walnut Charles II chairs (six side chairs and two arm chairs) are from the collection of Lord North, Wroxton, Abbey UR offerings are of genuine an- some one piece of furniture—a tiques, each piece personally stool, a chair, a dresser, maybe a selected, every one unique, and not bit of china or perhaps the paneling to be duplicated. To architects and from some Old English Tavern or their clients we extend a cordial in- Estate—which may prove just the vitation to visit our display, from article to complete your decorative which we feel sure you will find scheme. A visit to our Galleries is indeed a most interesting experience wº-ºº: 321 MADISON AVENUE Between 53rd) and 54th CŞtreets NEW YORK June, 1923 67 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM Armstrongs Linoleum ſhok for the CIRCLE "A" trademark on the burlap back A private office in the American Exchange Na- tional Bank, New York City, floored with Armstrong's Green Baitleship Linoleum. for Every Floor in the House --~~~~ ESILIENCE is the quality that distinguishes linoleum from harder, denser floors—a resilience that insures quiet and means foot comfort for workers. It is cork that makes linoleum springy. Cork also is tough, non- absorbent, waterproof. A binder of oxidized linseed oil adds to the tough- ness and resilience. Cemented in place to the concrete subfloor, a smooth, seamless lino- leum floor is easily and efficiently maintained by waxing and polishing. So laid and intelligently cared for, there is practically no wear out to linoleum. Floors laid twenty and r Beautiful, Quiet Floors for the Bank thirty years ago are still apparently as good as new. The range of Armstrong designs enables you to assign the floor its proper part in the architectural en- semble. Marble and tile patterns, for example, for the public areas, solid color battleship gauges for the working spaces, two-tone jaspes and artistic carpet designs for the private offices and conference rooms. Finally, if you would learn how moderate is the cost of modern floors of Armstrong's Linoleum, write for samples and the names of contrac- tors who will cheerfully and without obligation furnish quick figures on any job, large or small. Armstrong Cork Company, Linoleum Division, Lancaster, Pa *- A20 68 June, 1923 THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM i E oA Century of Preservation Courtesy of The Metropolitan Museum of Art oA Typical Duncan Phyfe Table DUNCAN PHYFE was honored at the recent exhibition of his master- pieces at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and at the same time the varnishes made for him nearly a hundred years ago by PASCAL B. SMITH the founder of Edward Smith & Co. were honored THE richness, depth of tone and preservation of the pieces shown attest the quality of our old time varnishes. Today, we continue to man- ufacture these hard fossil gum varnishes, and to those who value and desire such beauty and durability of finish they afford an oppor- tunity to reproduce the best Colonial effects in interior decoration. Write for Architect’s Descriptive Matter, Panels, etc. EDWARD SMITH & CO. “Cup Defender Varnishes” 122 West Ave., Long Island City NEW YORK C. A. NORDVAL Owner and Builder Highland Apartments Rockford, Ill. CThe MURPHY IN – A – DOP BED Adds Comfort and Lightens Housekeeping HIS apartment-residence was built especially for those people who are away during the day and who demand all the privileges of a home without its cares. Everything that adds comfort or lightens housework has been provided in this building. The conveniences include a delicatessen shop on the first floor, a putting green on the adjoining lawn, vacuum heat- Typical Floor Plan --- ing and soft water throughout the building, and a Murphy In-A-Dor Bed in each of the twenty-three apartments. The Murphy is not a folding bed, but a safe, sanitary, sleep- inviting bed. It swings through an ordinary three-foot door. One Murphy Bed provides the comfort and convenience of one extra room without the cost of building, decorating, heating, lighting, furnishing or the household care of an extra room. It may be had in plain or period designs, in full sizes or twin types. Our Layout Department is always at the service of archi- tects and builders. May we send you full information and examples of Murphy In-A-Dor installations? THE MURPHY DOOR BED COMPANY Offices and Display Rooms in All Principal Cities 22 West Monroe Street, Chicago 4695th Avenue, New York 1534 Blake Street, Denver Hoge Annex Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 1140-42 Hanna Bldg., Cleveland 1021-23 Grand Ave., Kansas City 912 Kresge Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 220 N. St. Paul St., Dallas, Tex. 205 O'Connor St., Ottawa, Can. 204 PeachTree Arc., Atlanta, Ga. Crocker Bldg., San Francisco 309 Third Ave. N., Nashville, Chemical Bldg., St. Louis Tenn. ---- *.*.*.. i: T H —e.c. Ile-e. Hºr irº 2:...H. º. º.º...I*H*I 3.3,..."?:...º.º. 3.},..., , º, - i L **** .2%, ##. º 5. #},... EcºT ~o kº 1 Doºr --> ... IT- - : L ---o" There is only one In-A-Dor Bed—“The Murphy.” June, 1923 69 T H E A R CHITECTURAL FORUM The Architect's GOOd Will T. ATTITUDE of the architect toward the Estey Pipe Organ is of the utmost impor- tance to us. We owe much to his good will. We hope to continue that good will by con- tinuing the service that has created it. With the growth of the finer moving pic- ture houses, and the increasing interest in pipe organs for residences, the architect is needing more and more precise and prac- tical information about pipe organs. That information we are ready and anxious to supply. We want the Estey specified only on its merits, but we desire the opportunity of acquainting you with its merits. THE ESTEY ORGAN COMPANY, Brazz/eboro, Jºermom/ THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM June, 1923 - In spite of First Cost and Ultimate Value # the difficulty of felling trees under tropical skies, amid a close, humid jungle growth where roads are unknown and all transportation facilities crude— In spite of the fact that the tree is a solitary aristocrat in its native home and that individual trees must be sought often a considerable distance apart— In spite of the thousands of miles of forbidding Ocean OVer which transportation is necessary before the logs are delivered to the mills— GENUINE MAHOGANY is available for all pur- poses at a cost very little above that of other less beautiful, less durable cabinet woods. IN April and May we submitted facts to prove the above statement, in the form of actual comparisons between the contract price for interior trim in Genuine Mahogany and the alternate bids for other cabinet woods. If the initial cost of Genuine Mahogany trim is low, no architect needs be told the worth of the ultimate investment. To the satisfaction of possession, the air of hospitality and good taste it imparts, should be added the practical thought of its economical value in any building. Genuine Mahogany is free from shrink- ing, warping, checking and all the other ills to which wood is heir. It demands little attention throughout the years. It gives a tone of beauty and self-expres- sion—plus an economical, practical trim of permanence which adds to the resale or rental value. We invite consultation on all Mahogany matters without charge and with full assurance that inquiries will not be used as the basis of sales solicitation. after all—there's nothing like MAHOGANY MAHOGANY ASSOCIATION, Inc. 1133 Broadway, New York City June, 1923 71 T H E A R C HITECTURAL FORUM 6 FORUM GALLERIES Darnley Inc. DECORATIVE OBJECTS FOR TOWN AND COUNTRY HOUSES 395 Madison Ave. New York Decorative and Furniture LEATHER Illuminated, Tooled and Carved Leathers SCREENS AND WALL PANELS 215 West 19th Street Near 7th Avenue NEW YORK CITY Telephone Watkins 7707 JOHNSON LEATHER COMPANY DECORATIVE: PLANT CO: 230 Fifth Avenue. NewYork City PHCNE-MAD SQ-817.0 ſº PLANTS AND FLOWERS FOR DECORATING HOMES PUBLIC SPACES IN HOTELS, CAFES-THEATRES º i | º 7 W. 47th St. HOWARD New York STUDIOS Gardens and Illus Ornaments Cat'g Aids to Decoration UCCESS in the decoration of either the house or the garden is often ob- tained by the use of appropriate acces- sories, such as wall coverings, glass, metal work or screens, or else of such objects as seats, fountains or bird baths. To sug- gest to architects and interior decorators the places where these important details are to be had, is the function of The Forum Galleries. For the gathering of the stocks in these shops or studios the art ideas of the ancient as well as the mod- ern world have been drawn upon, and whatever be the architectural type under consideration, suitable accessories are to be found. THE ARCHITECTURAL FORUM is always glad to aid architects and decorators in obtaining objects of unusual nature or in securing service of individual character. NEW YORK EXHIBITION CALENDAR FOR LATTER PART OF JUNE Arlington Galleries, 274 Madison avenue.-Exhibition of Amer- ican paintings. Belmaison Gallery, John Wanamaker's.-Paintings by younger French artists; New York exhibition, to June 15. Bonaventure Galleries, 536 Madison avenue.-A complete set g portraits and autographs of the presidents of the United tates. Brown-Robertson Galleries, 415 Madison avenue.—Etchings by Earl Horter. Daniel Gallery, 2 West 47th street.—Paintings by a group of modern artists. Dudensing Galleries, 45 West 44th street.—Paintings by Victor Charreton. Durand-Ruel Galleries, 12 East 57th street.—Paintings and pastels by Mary Cassatt. Educational Alliance, 197 East Broadway.—Ninth annual exhi- bition of the Art School. Mrs. Ehrich's Gallery, 707 Fifth avenue.—Exhibition of metal work, linens, Cantagalli glass and antique furniture. Fearon Galleries, 25 West 54th street.—Summer exhibition of old and modern masters. Ferargil Galleries, 607 Fifth avenue.—Exhibition of American paintings; sculpture and wrought iron by Hunt Diederich. Folsom Galleries, 104 West 57th street.—Special exhibition of American paintings. The Forum, 40th street & Madison avenue.-Paintings of Egypt by Jeanne Pascal. Fº 114&sº 44; ºt. New Yºrk LEADED GLASS I Frºe . ANTIQUE arraf L - MODERN STYLEs H5 7 eſephone ERKINS STUDIOS Established 1900 Designs and esti- mates furnished for gardens and garden ornaments Catalogue sent on request 244 Lexington Ave., (at 34th St.) New York ()/ow, STUDIOS INTERIOR DECORATION PAINTING DRAPERIES FURNISHING WALL PAPERS Architects are cordially invited to consult with us 356 Boylston Street - Boston KAPASHELL" Distinctive and interesting lighting fix- tures of Kapashell from the Orient Write for our Leaflet F showing twenty-seven artistic designs E. H. WARDWELL, Importer 17 East 42d Street New York * Trade Mark UNUSUA L GARDENS Specializing in OUTDOOR AND INDOOR GARDENS ROCK GARDENS ROOF GARDENS SUN ROOMS REST ROOMS COURT GARDENS BEATTY & BEATTY Architects’ Bldg. 101 Park Ave., New York * Illillº..…........ June, 1923 The FORUM GALLERIES Send for Architects' Book of Imported Wall Coverings W. H. S. LLOYD CO. Importers of Wall Coverings 105-7 W. 40th St., N. Y. C. Phone: Penna. 2654 WICKER FURNITURE For Home Interiors Woven by hand from the better grade of raw material. May be finished in special colors. Write for catalogue Minnet & Co. Grand Central Galleries, 6th floor, Grand Central Terminal. —Exhibition of American painting and sculpture. Kennedy Galleries, 693 Fifth avenue.—Paintings of wild fowl by Courtenay Brandreth. Knoedler Galleries, 556 Fifth avenue.—Portrait of President Harding by Howard Chandler Christy; English and French color prints. Kºlºar Galleries, 680 Fifth avenue.—Etchings by M. A. J. auer. John Levy Galleries, 559 Fifth avenue.—Paintings by Louis Paul Dessar. Lewis & Simmons, 612 Fifth avenue.—Old masters and Bar- bizon paintings. Lowenbein Gallery, 57 East 59th street.—Paintings by Amer- ican artists. Macbeth Galleries, 450 Fifth avenue.—Paintings by American artists. Metropolitan Museum, Central Park at 82nd street.—Chinese paintings; loan exhibition of the arts of the Italian renais- sance; Italian engravings and woodcuts; exhibition of Amer- ican handicrafts. Montross Gallery, 550 Fifth avenue.—Paintings by a group of American artists. Mussmann Gallery, 144 West 57th street.—Etchings by Albert A. Smith. National Sculpture Society.—Indoor and outdoor exhibition of American sculpture at the museums located at 156th street and Broadway, to August 1. The New Gallery, 600 Madison avenue.—Paintings by fifty artists, American and foreign. N. Y. Public Library, Fifth avenue and 42nd street.—“Making of a Japanese Print”; recent additions to the print collections. Ralston Galleries, 4 East 46th street.—Eighteenth century English portraits and Barbizon paintings. Rehn Gallery, 6 West 50th street.—Paintings by Theodore Rob- inson and John Twachtman. Reinhardt Galleries, 606 Fifth avenue.—Ancient Indian and Graeco-Buddhist sculpture. Salmagundi Club, 47 Fifth avenue.—Summer exhibition of oil Hand Wrought Lanterns For gateways, porticoes, loggias, coach entrances, porches. Door grilles, balconies, gates, fixtures, decora- tive hardware, radiator grilles, etc. Executed from architect's details or from our own original designs. Circular F1, wrought lan- No. 113. Body 12" high terms, sent on request $20 OO - James R. Marsh Architects Bldg., 101 Park Ave., New York WROUGHT IRON SMOKING STAND Polychrome Finish, $5.00 WROUGHT IRON BRIDGE LAMP Black Iron and Polychrome, with Adjustable Arm and Parchment Shade, $5.00 Sent Express Collect on Receipt of Remittance Manufacturers 40th, 41st, Lexington Ave., New York City (Est. 1898) etchings. paintings by members, to October 15. - Schwartz Gallery, 14 East 46th street.—Exhibition of modern Scott & Fowles Galleries, 667 Fifth avenue.—Water colors by Childe Hassam and sculpture by Sudbinin. ART-IRON STUDIOS 615–619 Tenth Avenue New Yor RECENT BOOKS ON INTERIOR DECORATION The Principles of Interior Decoration By Bernard Jakway In this volume a trained and experienced interior decorator presents the fundamental principles upon which rests the profession of interior decoration. The wide scope of the work may be judged by a few of the many chapter headings: Fitness to Purpose; The Grammar of Dec- oration; Line and Form; Color; The Significance of Texture; The Law of Contrast; Proportion; Balance; Light and Shadow, and Color Harmony. An invaluable detail consists in the presentation of illus- trations showing incorrectly decorated rooms and of the same rooms when made to conform to correct treatment. 289 pp., 5% K 7% ins. Price $2.50 English Decoration and Furniture of the Later 18th Century By M. Jourdain This is the fourth and latest volume in a series of exceptionally well produced books on decorative art. It contains 272 pages with over 400 illustrations from photographs and detail drawings, including 8 plates printed in collotype. The illustrations comprise excellent general views of rooms and many details of architecture and furniture. The text describes exact methods and materials used in the 18th century. Price $25 Wallpaper, Its History, Design and Use By Phyllis Ackerman, Ph.D. The revival of interest in wall paper as a decorative medium, espe- cially in its current use with glazes and painted woodwork, makes this book of special value. It is distinctly practical, and in addition to showing the precedent for wall paper design, it indicates the types of paper available today and gives numerous suggestions for unusual effects. 268 pp., 5% x 8% ins.; cloth binding. Price $3.50 ROGERS AND MANSON COMPANY Sent, with carrying charges prepaid, upon receipt of price The Practical Book of Furnishing the Small House and Apartment By Edward Stratton Holloway Successful interior decorating depends in large measure upon accu- rate knowledge of period styles and familiarity with such details as wall and floor coverings, furniture, fabrics, antiques, and the other accessories which go to making up an interior. Other departments of decoration have to do with matters of scale, form and color. This volume goes with helpful detail into the problems which con- cern the professional interior decorator as well as the home furnishing public in general, and deals with extremely simple as well as with more elaborate work. 296 pp., 6 x 8% ins. Price $6.50 Spanish Interiors and Furniture By Arthur Byne and Mildred Stapley This portfolio of 200 plates, published in four parts, provides a selec- tion of the best examples of Spanish domestic interior architecture and furnishing from the 16th to the 18th century. The decorative accessories such as tiles, woodwork, pottery and fabrics, so essential to interpretation of the Spanish style, are fully and clearly illus- trated. 103.4 x 1334 ins.; paper covers. Price, Four Parts Complete, $40 Furniture and Decoration of the Italian Renaissance By Frida Schottmuller This new book is a valuable source of reference on the domestic phase of the Italian renaissance. It contains 24 pages of informing text on the plan and decoration of the renaissance house and detailed con- sideration of the various articles of furniture. There are 590 illus- trations of interiors, details, furniture and accessories. Excellently printed and bound in board covers. 246 pp., 9 x 11% ins. Price $10 142 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass.